Bharatpedia - User contributions [en]

List of populated places in Punjab, Pakistan

2026-05-16T15:35:39Z

GarnetWelton89: Done

{{Short description|Populated places in Pakistani province of Punjab}}
This is a list of populated places in the province of [[Punjab, Pakistan]].
{{TOC}}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Place || Type || District
|-
| colspan=3 |

==A==
|-
| [[Awan Sharif]] || Village || Gujrat
|-
| [[Aaliwala]] || Town || Dera Ghazi Khan
|-
| [[Abbakhel]]|| Village || Mianwali
|-
| [[Abbasian Wala]] || Village || Bhakkar
|-
| [[Abdul Hakeem, Pakistan|Abdul Hakeem]] || City || Khanewal
|-
| [[Achh]] || Village || Gujrat
|-
| [[Adamke]]|| Village || Sialkot
|-
| [[Addepur]] || Village || Sahiwal
|-
| [[Addowal]] || Town || Gujrat
|-
| [[Adhi Kot]] || Village || Khushab
|-
| [[Adiala]] || Village || Rawalpindi
|-
| [[Adrana, Jhelum|Adrana]] || Village || Jhelum
|-
| [[Agra, Punjab|Agra]] || Town || Sahiwal
|-
| [[Ahla, Pakistan|Ahla]]|| Village || Mandi Bahauddin
|-
| [[Ahmedabad, Punjab|Ahmadabad]] || Town || Okara
|-
| [[Ahmed Nager Chatha]] || Town || Gujranwala
|-
| [[Ahmedabad, Jhelum|Ahmedabad]] || Village || Jhelum
|-
| [[Ahmedpur East]] || City || Bahawalpur
|-
| [[Ahmadpur Sial]]|| City || Jhang
|-
| [[Aima Bari]] || Village || Jhelum
|-
| [[Ajjowal]] || Village || Mandi Bahauddin
|-
| [[Ajnala, Pakistan]] || Town || Gujrat
|-
| [[Akhori]] || Village || Attock
|-
| [[Alamgarh]] || Town || Gujrat
|-
| [[Ali Pur Chatta]] || Town || Gujranwala
|-
| [[Aligarh, Pakistan]] || Town || Toba Tek Singh
|-
| [[Alipur Chatha]] || City || Gujranwala
|-
| [[Alluwali]] || Village || Mianwali
|-
| [[Alpa Kalan]] || Town || Kasur
|-
| [[Aminpur]] || City || Faisalabad
|-
| [[Amra Kalan]] || Village || Gujrat
|-
| [[Anga, Punjab]] || Village || Khushab
|-
| [[Angadpura]] || Village || Toba Tek Singh
|-
| [[Angakiri]] || Village || Vehari
|-
| [[Arain Abad]] || Village || Jhelum
|-
| [[Arazi Hasnal]] || Village || Rawalpindi
|-
| [[Arbianwala]] || Village || Chiniot
|-
| [[Arifwala]] || City || Pakpattan
|-
| [[Arjun Singhwali]] || Village || Okara
|-
| [[Arra, Pakistan]] || Village || Chakwal
|-
| [[Arrar]] || Village || Chakwal
|-
| [[Asghari]] || Town || Sahiwal
|-
| [[Atari, Pakistan]] || Town || Khanewal
|-
| [[Athara Hazari]] || City || Jhang
|-
| [[Atma Singh, Pakistan]] || Village || Gujrat
|-
| [[Attock]] || City || Attock
|-
| colspan=3 |

==B==
|-
| [[Baddo]] || Village || Mandi Bahauddin
|-
| [[Baddoke Cheema]] || Village || Sialkot
|-
| [[Baddomalhi]] || City || Narowal
|-
| [[Badlot]] || Village || Jhelum
|-
| [[Badnian]] || Village || Rawalpindi
|-
| [[Baghiana Kalan]] || Village || Kasur
|-
| [[Bagrianwala]] || Town || Gujrat
|-
| [[Bahadur Garh]] || Town || Dera Ghazi Khan
|-
| [[Bahadurpura]] || Town || Kasur
|-
| [[Baharwal]] || Town || Gujrat
|-
| [[Bahawalnagar]] || Capital || Bahawalnagar
|-
| [[Bahawalpur]] || City ||
|-
| [[Bairi, Pakistan]] || Village || Sialkot
|-
| [[Bait Bakhtiari]] || Village || Bahawalpur
|-
| [[Bajarwala]] || Village || Gujrat
|-
| [[Bakhar Bar]] || Village || Sargodha
|-
| [[Balkassar]] || Village || Chakwal
|-
| [[Balokassar]] || Village || Chakwal
|-
| [[Ban Hafiz Jee]] || Village || Mianwali
|-
| [[Bandial Janubi]] || Village || Khushab
|-
| [[Banga, Pakistan]] || Village || Faisalabad
|-
| [[Bangla Manthar]] || Town || Rahim Yar Khan
|-
| [[Bareela]] || Town || Gujrat
|-
| [[Barnali]] || Village || Gujrat
|-
| [[Baroo]] || Town || Gujrat
|-
| [[Barthi, Punjab]] || Town || Dera Ghazi Khan
|-
| [[Basal, Pakistan]] || Village || Attock
|-
| [[Basharat, Chakwal|Basharat]] || Village || Chakwal
|-
| [[Bashera]] || Village || Sahiwal
|-
| [[Basia, Pakistan]] || Village || Attock
|-
| [[Basra, Pakistan]] || Village || Chakwal
|-
| [[Basti Babbar]] || Town || Bahawalpur
|-
| [[Basti Buzdar]] || Town || Dera Ghazi Khan
|-
| [[Basti Dhandlah]] || Town || Bahawalpur
|-
| [[Basti Fauja]] || Town || Dera Ghazi Khan
|-
| [[Basti Malana]] || Town || Dera Ghazi Khan
|-
| [[Basti Nari]] || Town || Bahawalpur
|-
| [[Bathou]] || Village || Attock
|-
| [[Bator, Gujrat]] || Village || Gujrat
|-
| [[Bazidpur]] || Town || Kasur
|-
| [[Bazurgwal]] || Village || Gujrat
|-
| [[Begal, Punjab|Begal]] || Village || Chakwal
|-
| [[Begowala]] || Town || Sialkot
|-
| [[Beharaj]] || Town || Gujrat
|-
| [[Beharwal Kalan]] || Village || Kasur
|-
| [[Behlolpur]] || Town || Gujrat
|-
| [[Berianwali]] || Village ||
|-
| [[Bhaddar]] || Village || Gujrat
|-
| [[Bhagiwal]] || Town || Kasur
|-
| [[Bhago]] || Village || Gujrat
|-
| [[Bhagot]] || Village ||
|-
| [[Bhagwal, Gujrat|Bhagwal]] || Village || Gujrat
|-
| [[Bhakkar]] || Capital || Bhakkar
|-
| [[Bhalwal]] || City || Sargodha
|-
| [[Bhamba Kalan]] || Town || Kasur
|-
| [[Bharpur]] || Village || Chakwal
|-
| [[Bhagwal, Chakwal]] || Town || Chakwal
|-
| [[Bhedian Kalan]] || Town || Kasur
|-
| [[Bheen]] || Village || Chakwal
|-
| [[Bhelowal]] || Village || Jhelum
|-
| [[Bhera]] || City || Sargodha
|-
| [[Bhikhi Khurd]] || Village || Sargodha
|-
| [[Bhikhi, Pakistan]] || Town || Mandi Bahauddin
|-
| [[Bhilomar]] || Village || Chakwal
|-
| [[Bhindar Kalan]] || Village || Mandi Bahauddin
|-
| [[Bhoanj]] || Village || Jhelum
|-
| [[Bhoe Asal]] || Town || Kasur
|-
| [[Bhong]] || Town || Rahim Yar Khan
|-
| [[Bhoun]] || Village || Chakwal
|-
| [[Bidher]] || Village || Chakwal
|-
| [[Bido Bhatti]] || Village || Gujrat
|-
| [[Bijar, Punjab]] || Village || Khushab
|-
| [[Bilasur]] || Town || Toba Tek Singh
|-
| [[Bilochwala]] || Town || Lahore
|-
| [[Bishan Daur]] || Village || Jhelum
|-
| [[Bismillapur]] || Town || Lahore
|-
| [[Bohge]] || Village ||
|-
| [[Boken, Jhelum|Boken, Pakistan]] || Village ||
|-
| [[Boota]] || Village || Attock
|-
| [[Botala]] || Village || Khushab
|-
| [[Buchal Kalan]] || Village || Chakwal
|-
| [[Bucheki]] || City || Nankana Sahib
|-
| [[Budhial]] || Village || Chakwal
|-
| [[Bunga Hayat]] || Town || Pakpattan
|-
| [[Burewala]] || City || Vehari
|-
| [[Burj Jeway Khan]] || Town || Okara
|-
| colspan=3 |

==C==
|-
| [[Chahal, Kasur]] || Village || Kasur
|-
| [[Chak 104 NB]] || Village || Sargodha
|-
| [[Chak 285 JB]] || Village || Toba Tek Singh
|-
| [[Chak 217 GB]] || Village || Faisalabad
|-
| [[Chak 38 3R]] || Village || Bahawalnagar
|-
| [[Chak 44/12.L]] || Village || Sahiwal
|-
| [[Chak 667/8 GB]] || Village || Toba Tek Singh
|-
| [[Chak Fourteen MB]] || Village || Khushab
|-
| [[Chak Jamal]] || Village || Jhelum
|-
| [[Chak Jani]] || Town || Jhelum
|-
| [[Chak Khasa]] || Village || Jhelum
|-
| [[Chak Malook]] || Village || Chakwal
|-
| [[Chak Manju]] || Town || Gujrat
|-
| [[Chak no 7/p]] || Village || Rahim Yar Khan
|-
| [[Chak No. 69/EB Ugroo]] || Village || Pakpattan
|-
| [[Chak No.21/MB]] || Village || Khushab
|-
| [[Chak Number Three]] || Village ||
|-
| [[Chak Shadi]] || Village || Jhelum
|-
| [[Chak Umra]] || Village || Chakwal
|-
| [[Chakbasawa]] || Town || Mandi Bahauddin
|-
| [[Chakchohdu village]] || Village || Sialkot
|-
| [[Chaklala, Rawalpindi]] || Town || Rawalpindi
|-
| [[Chakora, Pakistan]] || Village || Chakwal
|-
| [[Chakori Bhalowal]] || Town || Gujrat
|-
| [[Chakori Sher Ghazi]] || Town || Gujrat
|-
| [[Chakri Rajgan]] || Village || Jhelum
|-
| [[Chakral]] || UC || Mianwali
|-
| [[Chakwal]] || Capital || Chakwal
|-
| [[Chanda Singh Wala]] || Village || Kasur
|-
| [[Chandarkey Rajputan]] || Village || Narowal
|-
| [[Changa Bangial]] || Town || Rawalpindi
|-
| [[Changa Manga]] || City || Kasur and Lahore
|-
| [[Chap Sandi]] || Village || Bhakkar
|-
| [[Chapri, Mianwali]] || Village || Mianwali
|-
| [[Charat Singhwala]] || Village || Sahiwal
|-
| [[Chathian Wala]] || Town || Kasur
|-
| [[Chattal]] || Village || Chakwal
|-
| [[Chawinda]] || Town || Sialkot
|-
| [[Chechian]] || Town || Gujrat
|-
| [[Chhidru]] || Village || Mianwali
|-
| [[Chhimber]] || Village || Gujrat
|-
| [[Chhimmon]] || Town || Mandi Bahauddin
|-
| [[Chhokar Kalan]] || Village || Gujrat
|-
| [[Chhowni Sulehrian]] || Village || Sialkot
|-
| [[Chicha, Pakistan]] || Village || Faisalabad
|-
| [[Chichawatni]] || City || Sahiwal
|-
| [[Chillianwala]] || Town || Mandi Bahauddin
|-
| [[Chiniot]] || City || Chiniot
|-
| [[Chishtian]] || City || Bahawalnagar
|-
| [[Choa Ganj Ali Shah]] || Village || Chakwal
|-
| [[Choa Saidan Shah Tehsil]] || Village || Chakwal
|-
| [[Choa Saidanshah]] || Town || Chakwal
|-
| [[Chopala]] || Town || Gujrat
|-
| [[Choran]] || Village || Jhelum
|-
| [[Chotala]] || Village || Jhelum
|-
| [[Choti Zerine]] || Town || Dera Ghazi Khan
|-
| [[Chotibala]] || Town || Dera Ghazi Khan
|-
| [[Chowk Azam]] || City || Layyah
|-
| [[Chunian]] || City || Kasur
|-
| [[Churatta]] || Town || Dera Ghazi Khan
|-
| colspan=3 |

==D==
|-
| [[Dab, Pakistan]] || Village || Chakwal
|-
| [[Dabb Balouchan]] || Village || Mianwali
|-
| [[Dabri, Pakistan|Dabri]] || Village || Gujranwala
|-
| [[Dadhocha]] || Village || Rawalpindi
|-
| [[Dadwala]] || Town || Bahawalpur
|-
| [[Daftuh]] || Town || Kasur
|-
| [[Daiwal]] || Village || Khushab
|-
| [[Dajal, Rajanpur]] || Town || Rajanpur
|-
| [[Dakhali]] || Village || Rawalpindi
|-
| [[Dalwal]] || Village || Chakwal
|-
| [[Danda Shah Bilawal]] || Town || Talagang
|-
| [[Dandot RS]] || Village || Jhelum
|-
| [[Dandot]] || Village || Chakwal
|-
| [[Darapur]] || Village || Jhelum
|-
| [[Dargahi Shah]] || Village || Jhang
|-
| [[Darkhast Jamal Khan]] || Town || Dera Ghazi Khan
|-
| [[Darya Khan]] || Town || Bhakkar
|-
| [[Daska]] || City || Sialkot
|-
| [[Dasuha, Faisalabad]] || Village || Faisalabad
|-
| [[Daud Khel, Punjab]] || Town || Mianwali
|-
| [[Daulatpur, Jhelum]] || Village || Jhelum
|-
| [[Daurdad]] || Village || Attock
|-
| [[Davispur]] || Village || Sargodha
|-
| [[Deo Sial]] || Town || Kasur
|-
| [[Deona Mandi]] || Town || Gujrat
|-
| [[Dera Ghazi Khan Tehsil]] || Town || Dera Ghazi Khan
|-
| [[Dera Ghazi Khan]] || City || Dera Ghazi Khan
|-
| [[Devi, Punjab]] || Town || Rawalpindi
|-
| [[Dhab Kalan]] || Village || Chakwal
|-
| [[Dhab Pari]] || Village || Chakwal
|-
| [[Dhainke]] || Village ||
|-
| [[Dhakkar]] || Town || Gujrat
|-
| [[Dhalla]] || Town || Rawalpindi
|-
| [[Dhallewali]] || Town || Sialkot
|-
| [[Dhamiak]] || Village || Rawalpindi
|-
| [[Dhamial]] || Village || Rawalpindi
|-
| [[Dhangri]] || Village ||
|-
| [[Dhanyala]] || Village || Jhelum
|-
| [[Dhapai]] || Village || Mandi Bahauddin
|-
| [[Dhari Rai Ditta]] || Village || Attock
|-
| [[Dharyala Jalap]] || Village || Jhelum
|-
| [[Dhaular]] || Village || Chakwal
|-
| [[Dher Umid Ali Shah]] || City || Mianwali
|-
| [[Dher Umid Ali Shah]] || Village || Mianwali
|-
| [[Dhingana City]] || Village || Bhakkar
|-
| [[Dhok Darbal]] || Town || Chakwal
|-
| [[Dhok Darbal]] || Village || Chakwal
|-
| [[Dhok Gohar Shah]] || Village || Rawalpindi
|-
| [[Dhok Kasib]] || Village || Mandi Bahauddin
|-
| [[Dhoke Agri]] || Village || Chakwal
|-
| [[Dhoke Jamarghal]] || Hamlet || Jhelum
|-
| [[Dholan Hithar]] || Village || Kasur
|-
| [[Dhoria]] || Village || Gujrat
|-
| [[Dhoular]] || Village || Chakwal
|-
| [[Dhrabi]] || Village || Chakwal
|-
| [[Dhudhi Phapra]] || Village || Jhelum
|-
| [[Dhudial]] || Village || Chakwal
|-
| [[Dhudike]] || Village || Moga
|-
| [[Dhulli]] || Village || Chakwal
|-
| [[Dhunni]] || Village ||
|-
| [[Dhurnal]] || Town || Chakwal
|-
| [[Dijkot]] || City || Faisalabad
|-
| [[Dilawar, Punjab]] || Village || Mandi Bahauddin
|-
| [[Dina, Pakistan]] || Town ||
|-
| [[Dinga]] || City || Gujrat
|-
| [[Dipalpur]] || City || Okara
|-
| [[Doaba, Mianwali]] || Town || Mianwali
|-
| [[Domeli]] || Village || Jhelum
|-
| [[Dona Qutab Saru]] || Village || Bahawalnagar
|-
| [[Dowal]] || Village || Attock
|-
| [[Drahma, Punjab]] || Town || Dera Ghazi Khan
|-
| [[Dullah Bhadera]] || Village || Bahawalnagar
|-
| [[Dullah]] || Village || Chakwal
|-
| [[Dulmial]] || Village || Chakwal
|-
| [[Dumman]] || Village || Chakwal
|-
| [[Dunga Bunga]] || Town || Bahawalnagar
|-
| colspan=3 |
==F==
|-
| [[Faisalabad]] || City || Faisalabad
|-
| [[Faizpur, Pakistan]] || Village || Pakpattan
|-
| [[Faqirwali]] || Town || Haroonabad Bahawalnagar
|-
| [[Faridkot, Khanewal]] || Village || Khanewal
|-
| [[Faridpur, Multan]] || Village || Multan
|-
| [[Faridpur, Narowal]] || Village || Narowal
|-
| [[Farooka]]|| City || Sargodha
|-
| [[Fateh Bhand]] || Village || Gujrat
|-
| [[Fateh Jang]] || City || Attock
|-
| [[Fateh Khan]] || Town || Dera Ghazi Khan
|-
| [[Fattiwala]] || Village || Kasur
|-
| [[Fazal Katchh]] || Town || Dera Ghazi Khan
|-
| [[Ferozewala]] || Village || Shaikhupur
|-
| [[Firoza, Rahim Yar Khan|Firoza]] || Town || Rahim Yar Khan
|-
| colspan=3 |
==G==
|-
| [[Gamoon wala]] || Village || Muzaffargarh
|-
| [[Ganehar]] || Town || Bahawalpur
|-
| [[Garh Mahal]] || Village || Jhelum
|-
| [[Garh Maharaja]] || Town || Jhang
|-
| [[Garh More]] || Town || Jhang
|-
| [[Gariwal]] || Village || Toba Tek Singh
|-
| [[Gerbla Syedan]] || Village || Sialkot
|-
| [[Ghakhar]] || Village || Attock
|-
| [[Gharibwal]] || Village || Jhelum
|-
| [[Ghator]] || Town || Lahore
|-
| [[Ghaus Abad]] || Town || Dera Ghazi Khan
|-
| [[Ghurko]] || Village || Gujrat
|-
| [[Gobindsar]] || Town || Lahore
|-
| [[Gochh]] || City || Gujrat
|-
| [[Gogera]] || Town || Okara
|-
| [[Gohar, Pakistan]] || Village || Kasur
|-
| [[Gojra]] || City || Toba Tek Singh
|-
| [[Golewali]] || Village || Khushab
|-
| [[Gondal, Attock|Gondal]] || Town || Attock
|-
| [[Gop-e-Rah]] || Village || Kasur
|-
| [[Goughabad]] || Town || Lahore
|-
| [[Govindpura, Pakistan]] || Village || Kasur
|-
| [[Grinkot]] || Village || Kasur
|-
| [[Gujar Khan]] || City || Rawalpindi
|-
| [[Gujjar, Jhelum]] || Village || Jhelum
|-
| [[Gujranwala]] || City || Gujranwala
|-
| [[Gujrat City]] || City || Gujrat
|-
| [[Gujrat, Mianwali]] || Town || Mianwali
|-
| [[Gulberg, Lahore]] || Town || Lahore
|-
| [[Guliana, Gujrat]] || Village || Gujrat
|-
| [[Gulistan, Punjab]] || Town || Sahiwal
|-
| [[Gullen khel]] || Village || Mianwali
|-
| [[Gulzar Khanwala]] || Village || Dera Ghazi Khan
|-
| [[Gulzar, Punjab]] || Village || Mandi Bahauddin
|-
| [[Gulzarwala]] || Village || Dera Ghazi Khan
|-
| [[Gunja, Pakistan]] || Town || Gujrat
|-
| [[Gunjial Janubi]] || Village || Khushab
|-
| colspan=3 |

==H==
|-
| [[Hadali]] || Town || Khushab
|-
| [[Hadda, Pakistan]] || Village || Sargodha
|-
| [[Hafizabad]] || City || Hafizabad
|-
| [[Hafizabad]] || Village || Hafizabad
|-
| [[Haji Chak]] || Village || Gujrat
|-
| [[Haji Ghazi]] || Town || Dera Ghazi Khan
|-
| [[Haji Muhammad]] || Town || Gujrat
|-
| [[Haji Shah]] || Town || Attock
|-
| [[Halla, Punjab]] || Town || Kasur
|-
| [[Hameed, Attock]] || Village || Attock
|-
| [[Hari Singwala]] || Town || Lahore
|-
| [[Haroonabad, Bahawalnagar]] || City || Bahawalnagar
|-
| [[Hasan Abdal]] || City || Attock
|-
| [[Hasilpur]] || City || Bahawalpur
|-
| [[Hast Khewa]] || Town || Chiniot
|-
| [[Haveli Lakha]] || City || Okara
|-
| [[Haveli Majoka]] || Village || Sargodha
|-
| [[Head Balloki]] || Headworks || Kasur
|-
| [[Hernoli]] || Town || Mianwali
|-
| [[Hero Sharqi]] || Town || Dera Ghazi Khan
|-
| [[Hujra Shah Muqeem]] || Town || Okara
|-
| colspan=3 |

==I==
|-
| [[Isakhel]] || Town || Mianwali
|-
| [[Islam Pur Lokari]] || Village || Sargodha
|-
| [[Islamabad]] || Capital || Islamabad Capital Territory
|-
| colspan=3 |

==J==
|-
| [[Jabairpur]] || Town || Chakwal
|-
| [[Jabbi Kasran]] || Village || Attock
|-
| [[Jabbi Shah Dilawar]] || Village || Chakwal
|-
| [[Jabbi Shareef]] || Town || Khushab
|-
| [[Jabboana]] || Town || Jhang
|-
| [[Jaboka]] || Town || Okara
|-
| [[Jagdeo, Pakistan]] || Village || Faisalabad
|-
| [[Jaguwala]] || Town || Kasur
|-
| [[Jahanawala]] || Village || Sargodha
|-
| [[Jairo Ratial]] || Village || Rawalpindi
|-
| [[Jaisak]] || Village || Mandi Bahauddin
|-
| [[Jajial]] || Village || Jhelum
|-
| [[Jajjal]] || Town || Kasur
|-
| [[Jakhar Imam Shah]] || Town || Dera Ghazi Khan
|-
| [[Jalalpur Bhattian]] || City ||
|-
| [[Jalalpur Jattan]] || City || Gujrat
|-
| [[Jaluwali]] || Town || Dera Ghazi Khan
|-
| [[Jamali Noorpur]] || Town || Khushab
|-
| [[Jamber Khurd]] || Town || Kasur
|-
| [[Jamesabad]] || Town || Khanewal
|-
| [[Jammargal]] || Village || Jhelum
|-
| [[Jampur]] || City || Rajanpur
|-
| [[Jamsher Kalan]] || Town || Kasur
|-
| [[Jamsher Khurd]] || Town || Kasur
|-
| [[Jand Khanzada]] || Village || Chakwal
|-
| [[Jand Najjar]] || Village || Rawalpindi
|-
| [[Jand Tehsil]] || Village || Attock
|-
| [[Jand, Chakwal]] || Village || Chakwal
|-
| [[Jandiala Sher Khan]] || Town || Sheikhupura
|-
| [[Janewali]] || Village || Sialkot
|-
| [[Janhatal]] || Village || Rawalpindi
|-
| [[Janiwala]] || Town || Toba Tek Singh
|-
| [[Jaranwala]] || City || Faisalabad
|-
| [[Jarmot Kalan]] || Town || Rawalpindi
|-
| [[Jassial]] || Village || Talagang
|-
| [[Jaswal, Chakwal]] || Village || Chakwal
|-
| [[Jathekey]] || Village || Sialkot
|-
| [[Jauharabad]] || City || Khushab
|-
| [[Jauharabad-I]] || Town || Khushab
|-
| [[Jauharabad-II]] || Town || Khushab
|-
| [[Jaura Kalan]] || Village || Khushab
|-
| [[Jaura, Pakistan]] || Town || Gujrat
|-
| [[Jayya]] || Village || Mandi Bahauddin
|-
| [[Jhang]] || Capital || Jhang
|-
| [[Jharkal]] || Village || Khushab
|-
| [[Jhatla]] || Village || Rawalpindi
|-
| [[Jhelum]] || City || Jhelum
|-
| [[Jhoke Uttra]] || Town || Dera Ghazi Khan
|-
| colspan=3 |

==K==
|-
| [[Kabirwala]] || City || Khanewal
|-
| [[Kabirwala]] || Town || Khanewal
|-
| [[Kadhar]] || Village || Mandi Bahauddin
|-
| [[Kahuta]] || Town || Rawalpindi
|-
| [[Kakowal]] || Village || Mandi Bahauddin
|-
|[[Kala Deo]] || Village ||Jhelum
|-
| [[Kala Gujran]] || Town || Jhelum
|-
| [[Kalabagh]] || Town || Mianwali
|-
| [[Kaleke]] || Village || Hafizabad
|-
| [[Kallar Syedan]] || City || Rawalpindi
|-
| [[Kallur, Punjab]] || Town || Mianwali
|-
| [[Kallur, Punjab|Kallur]] || Village || Mianwali
|-
| [[Kallurkot]] || Town || Bhakkar
|-
| [[Kalsian Bhattian]] || Village || Sheikhupura
|-
| [[Kalsian]] || Village || Sheikhupura
|-
| [[Kalyan, Pakistan]] || Village || Lahore
|-
| [[Kamalia]] || City || Toba Tek Singh
|-
| [[Kaman, Pakistan]] || Town || Okara
|-
| [[Kamar Mushani Pakka]] || Town || Mianwali
|-
| [[Kamar Mushani]] || Town || Mianwali
|-
| [[Kandwal]] || Village || Jhelum
|-
| [[Kanganpur]] || City || Kasur
|-
| [[Kantrila]] || Village || Jhelum
|-
| [[Kantrili]] || Village || Jhelum
|-
| [[Kapurpur, Pakistan|Kapoor pur]] || Village || Sialkot
|-
| [[Kapurpur, Pakistan|Kapurpur]] || Town || Sialkot
|-
| [[Karnana, Pakistan|Karnana]] || Town || Gujrat
|-
| [[Karor Lal Esan]] || City || Layyah
|-
| [[Karsal]] || Village || Chakwal
|-
| [[Karuli]] || Village || Chakwal
|-
| [[Karyala]] || Village || Chakwal
|-
| [[Kasan Wala]] || Village || Khushab
|-
| [[Kaslian]] || Village || Jhelum
|-
| [[Kasupur Dulhar]] || Village || Sargodha
|-
| [[Kasur]] || City || Kasur
|-
| [[Kathala Chenab]] || Town || Gujrat
|-
| [[Kathrian]] || Village || Rawalpindi
|-
| [[Kattowal]] || Village || Mandibahauddin
|-
| [[Khabaki]] || Village || Khushab
|-
| [[Khaglan Wala]] || Village || Mianwali
|-
| [[Khai Hithar]] || Town || Kasur
|-
| [[Khai Khurd]] || Village || Khushab
|-
| [[Khai]] || Village ||
|-
| [[Khairo, Punjab]] || Town ||
|-
| [[Khairpur Tamiwali]] || City || Bahawalpur
|-
| [[Khairpur village, Chakwal District]] || Village || Chakwal
|-
| [[Khairpur, Chakwal]] || Village || Chakwal
|-
| [[Khakhi]] || Town || Dera Ghazi Khan
|-
| [[Khan Muhammad Wala]] || Village || Sargodha
|-
| [[Khandowa]] || Village || Chakwal
|-
| [[Khanewal]] || City || Khanewal
|-
| [[Khanpur, Rahim Yar Khan|Khanpur]] || City || Rahim Yar Khan
|-
| [[Khanqah Sharif]] || City || Bahawalpur
|-
| [[Khar, Punjab]] || Town || Muzaffargarh
|-
| [[Kharian Tehsil]] || Village || Gujrat
|-
| [[Khattan, Punjab|Khattan]] || Village || Bahawalnagar
|-
| [[Kharian]] || City || Gujrat
|-
| [[Khasala Kalan]] || Village || Rawalpindi
|-
| [[Khasala Khurd]] || Village || Rawalpindi
|-
| [[Khatwan]] || Village || Khushab
|-
| [[Khinger Kalan]] || Village || Rawalpindi
|-
| [[Khinger Khurd]] || Village || Rawalpindi
|-
| [[Khokhar zer]] || Village || Chakwal
|-
| [[Khola At Khanqah Sirajia]] || Village || Mianwali
|-
| [[Khoora]] || Village || Khushab
|-
| [[Khosa, Punjab]] || Town || Bahawalpur
|-
| [[Khotian]] || Village || Chakwal
|-
| [[Khudian]] || Town || Kasur
|-
| [[Khurd, Pakistan|Khurd]] || Village || Jhelum
|-
| [[Khushab]] || City || Khushab
|-
| [[Khushipur]] || Town || Lahore
|-
| [[Kirtowal]] || Village || Mandi Bahauddin
|-
| [[Kohali, Faisalabad]] || Village || Faisalabad
|-
| [[Kohali, Jhelum]] || Village || Jhelum
|-
| [[Kohlian]] || Village || Sargodha
|-
| [[Kora Punjab]] || Village || Jhelum
|-
| [[Kot Abbas Pura]] || Village || Kasur
|-
| [[Kot Addu City]] || City || Muzaffargarh
|-
| [[Kot Chandi]] || Village || Lahore
|-
| [[Kot Chandna]] || Town || Mianwali
|-
| [[Kot Choudrain]] || Village || Chakwal
|-
| [[Kot Gullah]] || Village || Chakwal
|-
| [[Kot Haibat]] || Town || Dera Ghazi Khan
|-
| [[Kot Hasan Khan]] || Village || Hafizabad
|-
| [[Kot Isa Shah]] || Village || Jhang
|-
| [[Kot Ismail]] || Village || Chiniot
|-
| [[Kot Karam Khan]] || Town || Rahim Yar Khan
|-
| [[Kot Mubarak]] || Town || Dera Ghazi Khan
|-
| [[Kot Qaisrani]] || Town || Dera Ghazi Khan
|-
| [[Kot Qazi]] || Village || Chakwal
|-
| [[Kot Radha Kishan]] || City || Kasur
|-
| [[Kot Rajput]] || Town || Lahore
|-
| [[Kot Sarang]] || Village || Chakwal
|-
| [[Kot Waris]] || Village || Gujranwala
|-
| [[Kot Addu City]] || City || Muzaffargarh
|-
| [[Kotehra]] || Village || Mandi Bahauddin
|-
| [[Kotha Gujjran]] || Village || Gujrat
|-
| [[Kotha, Punjab]] || Town || Kasur
|-
| [[Kotla Arab Ali Khan]] || Town || Gujrat
|-
| [[Kotla Faqir]] || Village || Jhelum
|-
| [[Kotla Musa Khan]] || Village || Bahawalpur
|-
| [[Kotla Sarang Khan]] ||Village ||Gujrat
|-
| [[Kotli Loharan East]] || Town || Sialkot
|-
| [[Kotli Rai Abubakar]] || Town || Kasur
|-
| [[Kufri, Pakistan]] || Village || Khushab
|-
| [[Kull, Punjab]] || Town || Kasur
|-
| [[Kumarwala]] || City ||
|-
| [[Kund]] || Village || Khushab
|-
| [[Kundian]] || Town || Mianwali
|-
| [[Kunjah]] || Town || Gujrat
|-
| [[Kurree]] || Village || Gujrat
|-
| [[Kuthiala Sheikhan]] || Town || Mandi Bahauddin
|-
| [[Kutruwal]] || Town ||
|-
| colspan=3 |

==L==
|-
| [[Ladian]] || Village || Gujrat
|-
| [[Lahore]] || Capital || Lahore
|-
| [[Lakhani, Punjab]] || Town || Dera Ghazi Khan
|-
| [[Lalamusa]] || City || Gujrat
|-
| [[Laleka]] || Town || Bahawalnagar
|-
| [[Lalewala]] || Village ||
|-
| [[Lalian]] || City || Chiniot
|-
| [[Lawa, Punjab]] || City || Talagang
|-
| [[Lapiwala]] || Town || Bhakkar
|-
| [[Lawrencepur, Punjab, Pakistan]] || Town || Attock
|-
| [[Layyah]] || City || Layyah
|-
| [[Lehr Sultanpur]] || Village || Chakwal
|-
| [[Lehri, Jhelum]] || Village || Jhelum
|-
| [[Leti, Punjab]] || Village || Chakwal
|-
| [[Liaqauatpur]] || City || Rahim Yar Khan
|-
| [[Lilla, Jhelum]] || Village || Jhelum
|-
| [[Lodhran]] || City || Lodhran
|-
| [[Lolianwali]] || Village || Mandi Bahauddin
|-
| [[Longo, Pakistan]] || Village ||
|-
| [[Lopoke]] || Village ||
|-
| [[Lumbri]] || Village ||
|-
| [[Luni (Punjab)]] || Village ||
|-[{ LAKHA (PUNJAB) INDIA}] || Village || Hathur
| colspan=3 |

==M==
|-
| [[Mabbuke]] || Village ||
|-
| [[Madu Kalas]] || Village || Jhelum
|-
| [[Mahay Chattha]] || Village || Gujranwala
|-
| [[Mahrawali]] || Village ||
|-
| [[Mahtaman]] || Village ||
|-
| [[Mailsi]] || City || Vehari
|-
| [[Makerwal]] || Village || Mianwali
|-
| [[Makwal Kalan]] || Town || Dera Ghazi Khan
|-
| [[Mal Awan]] || Village || Rawalpindi
|-
| [[Malakwal]] || City || Mandi Bahauddin
|-
| [[Malana Dagar]] || Village ||
|-
| [[Malhu]] || Locality || Jhelum
|-
| [[Mali Singh]] || Village ||
|-
| [[Malikpur, Gujrat]] || Village || Gujrat
|-
| [[Malikwal Tehsil]] || Village || Mandi Bahauddin
|-
| [[Malikwal]] || Village || Mandi Bahauddin
|-
| [[Malka, Pakistan]] || Town || Gujrat
|-
| [[Mallu-Chhitt]] || Village || Sialkot
|-
| [[Malot Fort|Malot]] || Village || Jhelum
|-
| [[Mamoori]] || Town || Dera Ghazi Khan
|-
| [[Mana Ahmadani]] || Town || Dera Ghazi Khan
|-
| [[Manak]] || Town || Lahore
|-
| [[Manakpur]] || Village ||
|-
| [[Mananwala]] || City || Sheikhupura
|-
| [[Mandeer]] || Town || Gujrat
|-
| [[Mandi Bahauddin]] || City || Mandi Bahauddin
|-
| [[Mandranwala]] || Village || Sialkot
|-
| [[Mangat, Pakistan]] || Town || Mandi Bahauddin
|-
| [[Mangewala]] || Town || Layyah
|-
| [[Manghrotha]] || Town || Dera Ghazi Khan
|-
| [[Manglia]] || Village || Gujrat
|-
| [[Mangrotha]] || Town || Dera Ghazi Khan
|-
| [[Mangtanwala]] || Town || Nankana Sahib
|-
| [[Mangwal, Pakistan|Mangwal]] || Village || Chakwal
|-
| [[Mansar, Pakistan]] || Town || Attock
|-
| [[Mansuwala]] || Village ||
|-
| [[Manuri]] || Village ||
|-
| [[Mari Shah Sakhira]] || Town || Jhang
|-
| [[Mardwal]] || Village || Khushab
|-
| [[Mari Waraichan]] || Village || Gujrat
|-
| [[Mari, Punjab]] || Village || Mianwali
|-
| [[Marot]] || City || Bahawalnagar
|-
| [[Maruf (Okara)]] || Town || Okara
|-
| [[Matore]] || Village || Rawalpindi
|-
| [[Matta, Punjab]] || Town || Kasur
|-
| [[Matta, Punjab]] || Village || Kasur
|-
| [[Mauza Sulemaan]] || Village || Chiniot
|-
| [[Mehmood Kot]] || Town || Multan
|-
| [[Mehraywala]] || Town || Rajanpur
|-
| [[Mera Jaffar]] || Village ||
|-
| [[Mian Channu]] || City || Khanewal
|-
| [[Miana Chak]] || Town || Gujrat
|-
| [[Miani, Chakwal]] || Village || Chakwal
|-
| [[Mianwal]] || Town || Mandi Bahauddin
|-
| [[Mianwala]] || Village ||
|-
| [[Mianwala Kariya]] || Town || Bahawalpur
|-
| [[Mianwali Bangla]] || City || Sialkot
|-
| [[Mianwali]] || Capital || Mianwali
|-
| [[Minchinabad]] || City || Bahawalnagar
|-
| [[Miranpur, Punjab]] || Town || Lahore
|-
| [[Mirbaz]] || Village || Sahiwal
|-
| [[Mirpur Khas]] || Capital || Mirpur Khas
|-
| [[Mirza Tahir, Punjab]] || Village || Gujrat
|-
| [[Mithankot]] || City ||
|-
| [[Mochh]] || Town || Mianwali
|-
| [[Mohra Awan]] || Village || Chakwal
|-
| [[Mohra Noori]] || Town || Rawalpindi
|-
| [[Momanpur, Pakistan]] || Village || Attock
|-
| [[Mona Punjab]] || Village || Sargodha
|-
| [[Monan, Punjab]] || Village || Jhelum
|-
| [[Mong, Punjab]] || Town || Mandi Bahauddin
|-
| [[Morejhangi]] || Town || Dera Ghazi Khan
|-
| [[Motian]] || Village || Jhelum
|-
| [[Mudke Dhariwal]] || Town || Kasur
|-
| [[Mughalabad]] || Village || Jhelum
|-
| [[Muhammadgarh, Pakistan]] || Town || Bahawalpur
|-
| [[Muhib Ali Uttar]] || Town || Okara
|-
| [[Mulhal Mughlan]] || Village || Chakwal
|-
| [[Mullanwali]] || Town || Bhakkar
|-
| [[Multan Khurd]] || Village || Talagang
|-
| [[Multan]] || City || Multan
|-
| [[Mulwal]] || Village ||
|-
| [[Mumbar]] || Village ||
|-
| [[Mumbhar]] || Village ||
|-
| [[Munara]] || Village || Chakwal
|-
| [[Mundayki]] || Town || Kasur
|-
| [[Murala]] || Town || Mandi Bahauddin
|-
| [[Mureed]] || Village || Chakwal
|-
| [[Muridke]] || City || Sheikhupura
|-
| [[Musa, Pakistan]] || Village || Attock
|-
| [[Mustafaabad (Dullewala) District Bhakkar]] || Village || Bhakkar
|-
| [[Mutafariq Chahan]] || Town || Dera Ghazi Khan
|-
| [[Muzafarpur Janubi]] || Village || Mianwali
|-
| [[Muzafarpur Shumali]] || Village || Mianwali
|-
| [[Muzaffargarh]] || Capital || Muzaffargarh
|-
| [[Muzaffargarh]] || City || Muzaffargarh
|-
| colspan=3 |

==N==
|-
| [[Nachindi]] || Village || Chakwal
|-
| [[Nagial, Jhelum]] || Village || Jhelum
|-
| [[Nain, Punjab]] || Town || Mandi Bahauddin
|-
| [[Nainwal Khalsa]] || Village ||
|-
| [[Najabat]] || Village ||
|-
| [[Najwaniwala]] || Town || Bahawalpur
|-
| [[Naka Kahoot]] || Village || Chakwal
|-
| [[Nakka Kalan]] || Village || Jhelum
|-
| [[Nakka Khurd]] || Village || Jhelum
|-
| [[Nali Shumali]] || Village || Khushab
|-
| [[Namal]] || Town || Mianwali
|-
| [[Nanaksar]] || Village || Toba Tek Singh
|-
| [[Nandwal]] || Village || Gujrat
|-
| [[Nankana Sahib]] || City || Nankana Sahib
|-
| [[Nara Matore]] || Village || Rawalpindi
|-
| [[Nara, Jhelum]] || Village || Jhelum
|-
| [[Nārag]] || Town || Chakwal
|-
| [[Narang Mandi]] || City || Seikhupura
|-
| [[Nartopa]] || City|| Attock
|-
| [[Nari Shumali]] || Town || Dera Ghazi Khan
|-
| [[Nari, Punjab]] || Village || Khushab
|-
| [[Narowal]] || City || Narowal
|-
| [[Naseer Pur Kalan]] || Village || Sargodha
|-
| [[Naserke]] || Village || Gurdaspur
|-
| [[Nathoki]] || Town || Kasur
|-
| [[Naushera, Punjab]] || Town || Khushab
|-
| [[Nawan]] || Town || Dera Ghazi Khan
|-
| [[Noonanwali]] || Town || Gujrat
|-
| [[Noor Pur Baghan]] || Village || Jhelum
|-
| [[Noor Pur Sayedan]] || Village || Jhelum
|-
| [[Noorpur, Chakwal]] || Village || Chakwal
|-
| [[Noorpur Thal|Noorpur, Punjab]] || City || Khushab
|-
| [[Notak Bhakkar]] || Town || Bhakkar
|-
| [[Notak]] || Town || Bhakkar
|-
| colspan=3 |

==O==
|-
| [[Odherwal]] || Village || Chakwal
|-
| [[Okara, Pakistan]] || Capital || Okara
|-
| [[Okara, Pakistan]] || City || Okara
|-
| [[Okhali Mohlah]] || Village || Khushab
|-
| [[Orara]] || Town || Kasur
|-
| colspan=3 |

==P==
|-
| [[Padshahan]] || Village || Chakwal
|-
| [[Paharewala]] || Village ||
|-
| [[Pahrianwali]] || Town || Mandi Bahauddin
|-
| [[Paigah, Punjab]] || Town || Dera Ghazi Khan
|-
| [[Paikhel]] || Town || Mianwali
|-
| [[Pail Bane Khan]] || Village || Jhelum
|-
| [[Paira]] || Village ||
|-
| [[Pakpattan]] || Capital || Pakpattan
|-
| [[Palia, Pakistan|Palia]] || Village ||
|-
| [[Pandori, Jhelum]] || Village || Jhelum
|-
| [[Panjan Kissana]] || Town || Gujrat
|-
| [[Panjar]] || Village || Rawalpindi
|-
| [[Panwan]] || Village || Nankana Sahib
|-
| [[Pasrur Tehsil]] || Village || Sialkot
|-
| [[Pasrur]] || City || Sialkot
|-
| [[Patalian]] || Village ||
|-
| [[Pathan Walla]] || Village || Lodhran
|-
| [[Pattoki]] || City || Kasur
|-
| [[Pawawala]] || Village ||
|-
| [[Pelowaince]] || Village || Khushab
|-
| [[Phadiara]] || Town || Lahore
|-
| [[Phool Nagar]] || City || Kasur
|-
| [[Phularwan]] || City || Sargodha
|-
| [[Phularwan]] || Village || Sargodha
|-
| [[Phulliani]] || Town || Kasur
|-
| [[Phulrey Sydan]] || Village || Jhelum
|-
| [[Pial Kalan]] || Town || Kasur
|-
| [[Pichnand]] || Village || Chakwal
|-
| [[Piera Fatehial]] || Village || Chakwal
|-
| [[Pind Matay Khan]] || Village || Jhelum
|-
| [[Pind Rahim Shah]] || Village || Sargodha
|-
| [[Pind Ranjha]] || Village || Sargodha
|-
| [[Pind Dadan Khan]] || City || Jhelum
|-
| [[Pindi Bahauddin]] || Town || Mandi Bahauddin
|-
| [[Pindi Bhattian]] || City || Hafi z abad
|-
| [[Pindi Saidpur]] || Town || Jhelum
|-
| [[Pindi Saidpur]] || Village || Jhelum
|-
| [[Pindsultani]] || Village || Attock
|-
| [[Pipli Jhelum]] || Village || Jhelum
|-
| [[Pir Adil]] || Town || Dera Ghazi Khan
|-
| [[Pir Jand]] || Village || Gujrat
|-
| [[Pir Mahal]] || City || Toba Tek Singh
|-
| [[Pirwal]] || Village ||
|-
| [[Pollard Kot]] || Town || Lahore
|-
| [[Puna, Pakistan]] || Village ||
|-
| [[Purana Bhalwal]] || Village || Sargodha
|-
| colspan=3 |

==Q==
|-
| [[Qadirabad]] || City || Mandi Bahauddin
|-
| [[Qadirpur Ran]] || Town || Multan
|-
| [[Qaim Bharwana]] || Town || Jhang
|-
| [[Qaimpur]] || City || Bahawalpur
|-
| [[Qasba Gujrat]] || Town || Muzaffargarh
|-
| [[Qasimabad, Punjab]] || Town || Sahiwal
|-
| [[Qasimka]] || Village || Bahawalnagar
|-
| [[Qila Mihan Singh]] || Town || Gujranwala
|-
| [[Qila Sobha Singh]] || Town || Narowal
|-
| [[Qila Sura Singh]] || Village ||
|-
| [[Qureshian]] || Town || Mianwali
|-
| colspan=3 |

==R==
|-
| [[Rabwah]] || City || Chiniot
|-
| [[Rafiq Villas]] || Town || Kasur
|-
| [[Rahdari]] || Village || Khushab
|-
| [[Rahim Yar Khan District]] || Village || Rahim Yar Khan
|-
| [[Rahim Yar Khan]] || City || Rahim Yar Khan
|-
| [[Rahna]] || Village ||
|-
| [[Raisanwala]] || Village ||
|-
| [[Raiwind]] || Town || Lahore
|-
| [[Raja Jang]] || Town || Kasur
|-
| [[Raja Village]] || Village || Gujranwala
|-
| [[Rajanpur]] || City || Rajanpur
|-
| [[Rajar, Khushab]] || Village || Khushab
|-
| [[Rajowal Nau]] || Town || Kasur
|-
| [[Ramin, Punjab]] || Town || Dera Ghazi Khan
|-
| [[Rampur, Punjab]] || Town || Lahore
|-
| [[Rana Colony]] || Town || Gujranwala
|-
| [[Randian, Pakistan]] || Town || Toba Tek Singh
|-
| [[Rangewala]] || Village ||
|-
| [[Rangpur, Punjab]] || Town || Khushab
|-
| [[Ranjhe]] || Village ||
|-
| [[Ransial]] || Village ||
|-
| [[Rashiana]] || Village || Toba Tek Singh
|-
| [[Rasool Pur, Gujrat|Rasool Pur]] || Village || Gujrat
|-
| [[Rasool Pur, Sindh|Rasool Pur]] || Village || Khairpur
|-
| [[Rasool Pur, Rajanpur|Rasool Pur]] || Village || Rajanpur
|-
| [[Rasul, Punjab]] || Town || Mandi Bahauddin
|-
| [[Rathor, Pakistan]] || Village ||
|-
| [[Ratta Matta]] || Town || Jhang
|-
| [[Ratta, Punjab]] || Village ||
|-
| [[Rawalpindi]] || City || Rawalpindi
|-
| [[Rehmanabad]] || Village || Chakwal
|-
| [[Renala Khurd]] || City || Okara
|-
| [[Risalapur]] || Town ||
|-
| [[Roda, Punjab]] || Village || Khushab
|-
| [[Rodasar]] || Town || Lahore
|-
| [[Rodu Sultan]] || Town || Jhang
|-
| [[Rohilanwali]] || Town || Muzaffargarh
|-
| [[Rojhan]] || City || Rajanpur
|-
| [[Rokhri]] || Town || Mianwali
|-
| [[Roulia]] || Village || Gujrat
|-
| [[Rupal, Punjab]] || Village ||
|-
| [[Rupwal]] || Town || Chakwal
|-
| [[Rurala Road]] || Town || Faisalabad
|-
| [[Rurki]] || Town || Lahore
|-
| colspan=3 |

==S==
|-
| [[Sarai Alamgir]] || Village || Gujrat
|-
| [[Sadda, Punjab]] || Town || Sialkot
|-
| [[Sadhoke]] || City || Gujranwala
|-
| [[Sadiqabad, Punjab|Sadiqabad]] || City || Rahim Yar Khan
|-
| [[Safdarabad]] || City || Sheikhupura
|-
| [[Saghar, Pakistan|Saghar]] || Village || Chakwal
|-
| [[Sahgalabad]] || Town || Chakwal
|-
| [[Sahibnagar]] || Town || Lahore
|-
| [[Sahiwal, Sargodha]] || City || Sargodha
|-
| [[Sahiwal]] || City || Sahiwal
|-
| [[Sahna]] || Town || Mandi Bahauddin
|-
| [[Sambrial]] || Town || Sialkot
|-
| [[Samina, Punjab]] || Town || Dera Ghazi Khan
|-
| [[Samundri]] || City || Faisalabad
|-
| [[Samunpur]] || Village || Mandi Bahauddin
|-
| [[Samote]] || Town || Kallar Syedan
|-
| [[Sandhilianwali]] || Town || Toba Tek Singh
|-
| [[Sandral]] || Village || Khushab
|-
| [[Sanghoi]] || Village || Jhelum
|-
| [[Sanghoi Khas]] || Village || Jhelum
|-
| [[Sangla Hill]] || City || Nankana Sahib
|-
| [[Saral, Chakwal]] || Village || Chakwal
|-
| [[Sargodha]] || City || Sargodha
|-
| [[Saroba Punjab]] || Village || Jhelum
|-
| [[Saroi]] || Village || Lahore
|-
| [[Saroke]] || Town || Gujranwala
|-
| [[Satgarah Okara]] || Town || Okara
|-
| [[Satghara]] || Town || Okara
|-
| [[Satiana]] || Town || Faisalabad
|-
| [[Sattoke]] || Town ||
|-
| [[Sauwal]] || Village || Jhelum
|-
| [[Sawans-Mianwali]] || Village || Mianwali
|-
| [[Sawer, Pakistan]] || Village ||
|-
| [[Sehjra]] || Town || Kasur
|-[[Sabour]] || Town ||Gujrat
| [[Sehna]] || Town || Gujrat
|-
| [[Sehwan Sharif]] || City || Jamshoro
|-
| [[Shadia, Punjab]] || Town || Mianwali
|-
| [[Shah Nikdur]] || Town || Sargodha
|-
| [[Shah Purah]] || Village || Nankana Sahib
|-
| [[Shah Rukan e Alam]] || Town || Multan
|-
| [[Shah Sadar Din]] || Town || Dera Ghazi Khan
|-
| [[Shaheedanwali]] || Village || Mandi Bahauddin
|-
| [[Shahpur, Punjab]] || City || Sargodha
|-
| [[Shahpur, Punjab]] || City || Sargodha
|-
| [[Shakargarh]] || City || Narowal
|-
| [[Shamaspur]] || Village || Jhelum
|-
| [[Shamsabad, Pakistan]] || Village || Attock
|-
| [[Sharaqpur]] || Town || Sheikhupura
|-
| [[Sheikhupura]] || Capital || Sheikhupura
|-
| [[Sheikhupura]] || City || Sheikhupura
|-
| [[Sher Shah, Multan]] || Town || Multan
|-
| [[Sherewala]] || Village ||
|-
| [[Shikar pur, Bhakkar]] || Town || Bhakkar
|-
| [[Shinka]] || Village || Attock
|-
| [[Shorkot]] || City || Jhang
|-
| [[Shujabad]] || City || Multan
|-
| [[Sialkot]] || City ||
|-
| [[Sikandar Pura]] || Village || Kasur
|-
| [[Sikaryali]] || Town || Gujrat
|-
| [[Sikhanwala]] || Town || Sahiwal
|-
| [[Sillanwali]] || Town || Sargodha
|-
| [[Singh Khalsa]] || Town || Lahore
|-
| [[Sluice, Pakistan]] || Village ||
|-
| [[Sodhi Bala]] || Village || Khushab
|-
| [[Sodhra]] || Town || Gujranwala
|-
| [[Sodian Gujar]] || Village || Jhelum
|-
| [[Sohan]] || Village || Jhelum
|-
| [[Sohawa]] || Town || Jhelum
|-
| [[Sohianwala]] || Village ||
|-
| [[Sokar, Punjab]] || Town || Dera Ghazi Khan
|-
| [[Sujowali]] || Village ||
|-
| [[Sukhochak]] || Town ||
|-
| [[Sultan Khel]] || Village || Mianwali
|-
| [[Sultanpur, Jhelum]] || Village || Jhelum
|-
| [[Surajpur, Pakistan]] || Town || Faisalabad
|-
| [[Swans, Punjab]] || Village || Mianwali
|-
| colspan=3 |

==T==
|-
| [[Talwandi]] || Town || Kasur
|-
| [[Tandlianwala]] || City || Faisalabad
|-
| [[Tangowali]] || Village ||
|-
| [[Tanikhel]] || Town || Mianwali
|-
| [[Tank, Pakistan]] || Capital || Tank
|-
| [[Tapyala]] || Village || Narowal
|-
| [[Taran Taran, Pakistan]] || Village ||
|-
| [[Targa, Kasur]] || Village || Kasur
|-
| [[Targa, Sialkot]] || Village || Sialkot
|-
| [[Targarh]] || Village || Lahore
|-
| [[Taunsa Sharif]] || City || Dera Ghazi Khan
|-
| [[Taxila (modern)]] || City || Rawalpindi
|-
| [[Tehi]] || Village || Chakwal
|-
| [[Tekgarh]] || Village ||
|-
| [[Thakra]] || Village || Rawalpindi
|-
| [[Thamewali]] || Town || Mianwali
|-
| [[Thatha Shamsa (Chattha)]] || Village || Hafizabad
|-
| [[Thatha shamsa]] || Village || Hafizabad
|-
| [[Thatta Jhamb]] || Village || Chiniot
|-
| [[Thatta, Attock|Thatta, Punjab]] || Town || Attock
|-
| [[Thikrian]] || Village || Gujrat
|-
| [[Thoa Mehram Khan]] || Village || Chakwal
|-
| [[Thutha Rai Bahadar]] || Town || Gujrat
|-
| [[Tibba Mehrban Shah]] || Village || Mianwali
|-
| [[Tibbi Qaisrani]] || Town || Dera Ghazi Khan
|-
| [[Tilloker]] || Village || Khushab
|-
| [[Tirathpur]] || Town || Sahiwal
|-
| [[Toba Qalandar Shah]] || Town || Bahawalnagar
|-
| [[Toba Tek Singh]] || City || Toba Tek Singh
|-
| [[Tobah]] || Village || Jhelum
|-
| [[Tola Bhangi Khel]] || Town || Mianwali
|-
| [[Trag]] || Village || Mianwali
|-
| [[Tuman Leghari]] || Town || Dera Ghazi Khan
|-
| [[Tuman Qaisrani]] || Town || Dera Ghazi Khan
|-
| colspan=3 |
==U==
|-
| [[Uchalli]] || Village || Khushab

|-
| [[Usman Wala]] || City || Kasur
|-
| [[Utra Janubi]] || Village || Khushab
|-
| colspan=3 |

==V==
|-
| [[Vanjari, Punjab]] || Town || Mianwali
|-
| [[Vehari Tehsil]] || Village || Vehari
|-
| [[Vehari]] || City || Vehari
|-
| [[Vichvin Bala]] || Town || Mianwali
|-
| colspan=3 |

==W==
|-
| [[Wadala Sandhuan]] || Town || Sialkot
|-
| [[Wadore]] || Town || Dera Ghazi Khan
|-
| [[Wah Cantonment]] || City || Rawalpindi
|-
| [[Waheer]] || Village || Khushab
|-
| [[Walana]] || Village ||
|-
| [[Wan Adhen]] || Town || Kasur
|-
| [[Wan Khara]] || Town || Kasur
|-
| [[Wan Radha Ram]] || Town || Kasur
|-
| [[Wan, Pakistan]] || Village || Sialkot
|-
| [[Wara Alam Shah]] || Town || Mandi Bahauddin
|-
| [[Warburton, Punjab, Pakistan]] || Town || Nankana Sahib
|-
| [[Warcha]] || Village || Khushab
|-
| [[Warwal]] || Village || Chakwal
|-
| [[Wasu, Punjab]] || Town || Mandi Bahauddin
|-
| [[Watta Khel]] || Village || Mianwali
|-
| [[Wazirabad]] || City || Gujranwala
|-
| colspan=3 |

==X==
|-
| colspan=3 |

==Y==
|-
| [[Yaru Khel]] || Village || Mianwali
|-
| [[Yazman]] || City || Bahawalpur
|-
| colspan=3 |

==Z==
|-Hajiwala
| [[Zafarke]] || Town || Kasur
|-
| [[Zafarwal]] || City || Narowal
|-
| [[Zaffer Abad Noon]] || Village || Sargodha
|-
| [[Zāhir Pīr]] || City || Rahim Yar Khan
|-
| [[Zira Nawan]] || Village ||
|-
| [[Zhob]] || City || Zhob Baluchistan
|-
| [[Ziarat]] ||City|| Ziarat Baluchistan

|}

[[Category:Populated places in Punjab, Pakistan| ]]
[[Category:Lists of populated places in Pakistan|Punjab]]

Prasanth Varma

2026-05-06T17:51:20Z

GarnetWelton89: creating the info v1

{{Short description|Indian film director and screenwriter (born 1989)}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2024}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Prasanth Varma
| image =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1989|5|29|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Palakollu, Andhra Pradesh]], India
| occupation = {{hlist|Film director|screenwriter}}
| years_active = 2011–present
| relatives =
| spouse = Sukanya Raju
}}

'''Prasanth Varma Penmetsa''' is an Indian film director and screenwriter who works in [[Telugu cinema]]. He is best known for directing [[Awe (film)|''Awe'']] (2018), [[Kalki (2019 Telugu film)|''Kalki'']] (2019), ''[[Zombie Reddy]]'' (2021) and ''[[Hanu-Man]]'' (2024). The lattermost is his highest-grosser and has won the [[National Film Award for Best Film in AVGC]]. He is also the co-founder of Scriptsville, an organization dedicated to supporting screenwriting in Telugu cinema.<ref name=":1">{{Cite news |last=Dundoo |first=Sangeetha Devi |date=2018-10-03 |title=Scriptsville hopes to streamline the writing process and generate quality content for web series and Telugu cinema |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/scriptsville-hopes-to-streamline-the-writing-process-and-generate-quality-content-for-web-series-and-telugu-cinema/article25112003.ece |access-date=2024-08-20 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
== Early life ==
Prasanth Varma was born on 29 May 1989 in [[Palakollu]], [[Andhra Pradesh]] in a [[Telugu language|Telugu]] family, to Narayana Raju, a civil contractor, and Kanaka Durga, a government school teacher. He has a younger sister, Sneha Sameera.<ref>{{Cite web |date=29 May 2021 |title=On his birthday, filmmaker Prasanth Varma announces Hanu Man, first Telugu superhero movie |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/on-his-birthday-filmmaker-prasanth-varma-announces-hanu-man-first-telugu-superhero-movie-9666471.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211006054909/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/on-his-birthday-filmmaker-prasanth-varma-announces-hanu-man-first-telugu-superhero-movie-9666471.html |archive-date=6 October 2021 |access-date=22 June 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=No6i9uaasgI |title=Hanuman Director About His Family |date=13 January 2024 |type=motion picture |language=te |publisher=iDream Filmnagar |place=India |access-date=26 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240126061822/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=No6i9uaasgI |archive-date=26 January 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> He attended Sri Saraswathi Sisu Mandir in Palakollu, where his education included an extra subject focusing on stories from the [[Itihasa-Purana|Itihasas]], such as the ''[[Ramayana]]'', ''[[Mahabharata]]'', and [[Bhagavata Purana|''Bhagavatham'']].<ref name=":0">{{cite news |date=11 May 2023 |editor-last=Dundoo |editor-first=Sangeetha Devi |title=Prasanth Varma: I sought Rajamouli's advice for 'Hanu-Man' |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/director-prasanth-varma-i-sought-rajamoulis-advice-for-hanu-man/article66772806.ece |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114101731/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/director-prasanth-varma-i-sought-rajamoulis-advice-for-hanu-man/article66772806.ece |archive-date=14 January 2024 |access-date=15 January 2024 |newspaper=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>

After completing his schooling, he graduated from [[CVR College of Engineering]] in 2010.<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://youtube.com/watch?v=VdyRCb5Jvp8 |title=Director Prashanth Varma Wife Sukanyaraju Visuals |date=27 January 2024 |type=motion picture |language=te |publisher=TV5 Tollywood |place=India |time=00:02:10 |access-date=28 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240128133412/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VdyRCb5Jvp8 |archive-date=28 January 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Varma's passion for mythological stories is shared by his younger sister, Sneha Sameera, who is also part of his Scriptsville team.<ref name=":0" /> He married Sukanya Raju in 2020.

== Career ==

=== 2011–2017: Early career ===
Prasanth Varma began his career in 2011 by directing a short film ''Deenamma Jeevitham.''<ref>{{Cite news|last=Dundoo|first=Sangeetha Devi|date=6 February 2018|title='Awe' is an experiment that got bigger and bigger|language=en-IN|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|url-access=subscription|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/meet-prashant-varma-the-director-of-the-soon-to-release-awe/article22667677.ece|access-date=22 June 2021|issn=0971-751X|archive-date=29 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210529160110/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/meet-prashant-varma-the-director-of-the-soon-to-release-awe/article22667677.ecee/article22667677.ece|url-status=live}}</ref> He then directed [[Television advertisement|ad films]] and a few [[Short film|short films]], including ''A Silent Melody'' (2014) and ''Dialogue in the Dark'' (2017). In 2015, he directed a five-episode web series, ''Not Out'', starring [[Brian Lara]], which premiered on [[YuppTV]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=5 November 2015|title=YuppTV Launches Its First Original Content with a Web Series Starring Cricket Legend - Brian Lara is NOT OUT!|url=https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20151105005603/en/YuppTV-Launches-Its-First-Original-Content-with-a-Web-Series-Starring-Cricket-Legend---Brian-Lara-is-NOT-OUT%21|access-date=22 June 2021|website=businesswire.com|language=en|archive-date=24 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624204106/https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20151105005603/en/YuppTV-Launches-Its-First-Original-Content-with-a-Web-Series-Starring-Cricket-Legend---Brian-Lara-is-NOT-OUT!|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=5 November 2015|title=Yupp TV launches first web series with Brian Lara|url=https://www.indiantelevision.com/iworld/ott-services/yupp-tv-launches-first-web-series-with-brian-lara-151105|access-date=22 June 2021|website=Indian Television Dot Com|language=en|archive-date=24 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624204134/https://www.indiantelevision.com/iworld/ott-services/yupp-tv-launches-first-web-series-with-brian-lara-151105|url-status=live}}</ref> In an interview with ''[[Idlebrain.com]]'', Prasanth Varma named [[Singeetam Srinivasa Rao]] as his biggest inspiration, admiring how he never repeated himself in his work. He is also influenced by [[Christopher Nolan]], [[K. Viswanath]], and [[Mani Ratnam]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=14 February 2018 |title=Interview with Prasanth Varma about Awe |url=http://www.idlebrain.com/celeb/interview/prasanthvarma-awe.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210722033733/http://idlebrain.com/celeb/interview/prasanthvarma-awe.html |archive-date=22 July 2021 |access-date= |website=[[Idlebrain.com]]}}</ref>

=== 2018–present: Directorial debut and critical acclaim ===
In 2017, Prashanth Varma presented the storyline of [[Awe (film)|''Awe'']] to actor [[Nani (actor)|Nani]], securing its production through Wall Poster Cinema alongside [[Prashanti Tipirneni]]. Released in 2018, the film marked his directorial debut and garnered acclaim for its subversive depiction of psychological and social issues, including [[child abuse]], [[sexual abuse]], and [[drug abuse]]. Critics, including [[Baradwaj Rangan]], praised his narrative and direction, with special emphasis on the portrayal of lesbian characters in the movie.<ref>{{Cite web|date=1 March 2018|title=Awe Movie Review by Baradwaj Rangan - Filmcompanion|url=https://www.filmcompanion.in/reviews/telugu-review/awe-movie-review-baradwaj-rangan/|access-date=22 June 2021|website=Film Companion|language=en-US|archive-date=24 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624204509/https://www.filmcompanion.in/reviews/telugu-review/awe-movie-review-baradwaj-rangan/|url-status=live}}</ref> The film's success also highlighted Varma's ability to effectively integrate visual effects into storytelling, a skill he honed through hands-on experience in his early career.<ref name=":0" />

Following ''Awe'', Varma continued to explore diverse genres. His next release, [[Kalki (2019 Telugu film)|''Kalki'']] (2019), starring [[Rajasekhar (actor)|Rajasekhar]] and produced by C. Kalyan, was originally conceived as a [[web series]]. However, Varma adapted the screenplay into a feature film format, a process that took eight months.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Interview with Prasanth Varma about Kalki by Maya Nelluri - Telugu cinema director|url=http://www.idlebrain.com/celeb/interview/prasanthvarma-kalki.html|access-date=22 June 2021|website=idlebrain.com|archive-date=6 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220406215748/http://idlebrain.com/celeb/interview/prasanthvarma-kalki.html|url-status=live}}</ref> ''Kalki'' received mixed reviews from critics.

Prasanth Varma's third release was ''[[Zombie Reddy]]'' (2021),<ref>{{Citation|title=Zombie Reddy Movie Review: A desi zombie film complete with factionism and lots of drama|newspaper=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movie-reviews/zombie-reddy/movie-review/80704272.cms|access-date=22 June 2021|archive-date=29 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220929030224/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movie-reviews/zombie-reddy/movie-review/80704272.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> originally scheduled for 2020 but delayed due to the [[COVID-19 lockdown in India]]. Marketed as the first [[zombie film]] in [[Telugu cinema|Telugu]],<ref>{{Cite web |date=5 December 2020 |title=Teaser of Prasanth Varma's Zombie Reddy: The First Bite Is Pretty Cool, And Has Corona References Too |url=https://www.filmcompanion.in/features/telugu-features/telugu-movies-teaser-of-prasanth-varma-zombie-reddy-the-first-bite-is-pretty-cool-corona/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201205070822/https://www.filmcompanion.in/features/telugu-features/telugu-movies-teaser-of-prasanth-varma-zombie-reddy-the-first-bite-is-pretty-cool-corona/ |archive-date=5 December 2020 |access-date=6 December 2020 |website=Film Companion}}</ref> it received positive reviews and performed well at the box office. Sangeetha Devi Dundoo of ''[[The Hindu]]'' wrote that "In one stroke, director Prasanth Varma juxtaposes different worlds—a pandemic looming large, zombies, Rayalaseema faction rivalry—to hilarious effect"<ref>{{Cite news|last=Dundoo|first=Sangeetha Devi|date=5 February 2021|title='Zombie Reddy' movie review: When the zombies attack Seema|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|url-access=subscription|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/reviews/zombie-reddy-review-when-zombies-attack-seema/article33759119.ece|access-date=8 February 2021|issn=0971-751X|archive-date=7 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210207161609/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/reviews/zombie-reddy-review-when-zombies-attack-seema/article33759119.ece|url-status=live}}</ref>

On 29 May 2021, he announced his next film ''[[Hanu-Man]].''<ref>{{Cite web|date=29 May 2021|title=Hanu-Man: Awe director Prasanth Varma announces Telugu cinema's first superhero film|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/telugu-cinema/hanuman-awe-director-prasanth-varma-announces-telugu-cinema-s-first-superhero-film-101622273853216.html|access-date=22 June 2021|website=Hindustan Times|language=en|archive-date=6 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211006054907/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/telugu-cinema/hanuman-awe-director-prasanth-varma-announces-telugu-cinema-s-first-superhero-film-101622273853216.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The film is marketed as the first [[Telugu cinema|Telugu]] [[Superhero film]].<ref name="hanu">{{Cite web|date=29 May 2021|title=Director Prasanth Varma announces next Telugu film, 'Hanu-Man'|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/director-prasanth-varma-announces-next-telugu-film-hanu-man-149749|access-date=22 June 2021|website=The News Minute|language=en|archive-date=24 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624205610/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/director-prasanth-varma-announces-next-telugu-film-hanu-man-149749|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine|author=Janani K.|date=29 May 2021|title=Director Prasanth Varma announces Telugu's first superhero film Hanu-Man. Watch|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/director-prasanth-varma-announces-telugu-s-first-superhero-film-hanu-man-watch-1808322-2021-05-29|access-date=22 June 2021|magazine=India Today|language=en|archive-date=6 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211006160729/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/director-prasanth-varma-announces-telugu-s-first-superhero-film-hanu-man-watch-1808322-2021-05-29|url-status=live}}</ref> Starring [[Teja Sajja]] as Hanumanthu and [[Amritha Aiyer]] as Meenakshi, the film was released on 12 January 2024, coinciding with [[Makar Sankranti|Sankranti]]. It served as the first installment of the Prasanth Varma Cinematic Universe (PVCU), inspired by [[Hindu mythology|Indian mythology]]. The film received highly positive reviews for its direction, screenwriting, performances, visualization, background score, VFX, production design and action sequences. With a global box office gross of over ₹350 crore, it became the [[List of highest-grossing Telugu films|tenth highest-grossing Telugu film]] of all time.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://telugu.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/hanuman-director-prasanth-varma-next-movie-is-adhira-121705060736108.html|title=Prasanth Varma Next Movie: ప్రశాంత్ వర్మ తర్వాతి చిత్రం ఏదో తెలుసా! 'జై హనుమాన్' కంటే ముందే మరో సూపర్ హీరో మూవీ|website=Hindustan Times Telugu|language=te|quote=ఈ మూవీని ప్రశాంత్ వర్మ తెరకెక్కించిన విధానం, నరేషన్, పీఎఫ్‍ఎక్స్, ఎలివేషన్లు, హనుమంతుడిని చూపించిన విధానం, నటీనటుల పర్ఫార్మెన్స్, బ్యాక్‍గ్రౌండ్ మ్యూజిక్ ఇలా అన్ని విషయాల్లో హనుమాన్‍కు మంచి టాక్ వస్తోంది.|access-date=28 January 2024|archive-date=23 January 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240123181741/https://telugu.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/hanuman-director-prasanth-varma-next-movie-is-adhira-121705060736108.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=27 January 2024|title=HanuMan director Prasanth Varma says he 'wasted a lot of time' waiting for stars like Ram Charan, Allu Arjun and Jr NTR: 'Even if Tom Cruise comes to me…'|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/telugu/hanuman-director-prasanth-varma-says-he-wasted-a-lot-of-time-waiting-for-stars-like-ram-charan-allu-arjun-and-jr-ntr-even-if-tom-cruise-comes-to-me-9130130/|access-date=27 January 2024|website=[[The Indian Express]]|language=en|archive-date=27 January 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240127082117/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/telugu/hanuman-director-prasanth-varma-says-he-wasted-a-lot-of-time-waiting-for-stars-like-ram-charan-allu-arjun-and-jr-ntr-even-if-tom-cruise-comes-to-me-9130130/|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Scriptsville ===
In 2018, Prasanth Varma founded Scriptsville with his sister Sneha Sameera to enhance screenwriting in [[Telugu cinema]]. Scriptsville aims to help new and unrecognized writers gain recognition and proper credit.<ref name=":1" />

The idea for Scriptsville came from Prasanth's understanding of the industry's need for professional script development and writer recognition. After the success of his debut film ''Awe'', Prasanth and Sameera launched Scriptsville to offer a platform for both emerging and established writers. They invited writers to submit their ideas and received over a thousand submissions, from which a few promising stories were chosen for development. Initially, Scriptsville began with ten writers—five full-time and five working remotely or part-time.<ref name=":1" />

Scriptsville has played a role in developing several scripts, including those for Prasanth's film ''Kalki''. The organization assists with dialogues, screenplay structure, and solving script issues. They also plan to sell scripts to directors and producers to promote quality writing.<ref name=":1" />

As of May 2023, Scriptsville continues to work on new films and web series, advancing its goal to improve screenwriting in Telugu cinema.<ref name=":0" />

== Filmography ==
{{Pending films key}}

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ List of feature film credits
|-
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Title
! scope="col" | Director
! scope="col" | Screenplay
! scope="col" | Story
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Notes
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | {{refh}}
|-
|2018
|''[[Awe (film)|Awe]]''
|{{yes}}
|{{yes}}
|{{yes}}
|Feature film debut
|
|-
|2019
|''[[Kalki (2019 Telugu film)|Kalki]]''
|{{yes}}
|{{yes}}
|{{no}}
|
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |2021
|''[[Zombie Reddy]]''
|{{yes}}
|{{yes}}
|{{yes}}
|
|
|-
|''[[Adbhutham]]''
|{{no}}
|{{no}}
|{{yes}}
|
|<ref>{{Cite web|last=Desk|first=klapboard|date=18 July 2020|title=Adbutham is a 'scriptsville' story: Mallik Ram {{!}} klapboardpost|url=https://www.klapboardpost.com/adbutham-is-a-scriptsville-story-mallik-ram/|access-date=1 July 2021|language=en-US|archive-date=9 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709182450/https://www.klapboardpost.com/adbutham-is-a-scriptsville-story-mallik-ram/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" |2024
|''[[Hanu-Man]]''
|{{yes}}
|{{no}}
|{{yes}}
|
|
|-
|''[[Devaki Nandana Vasudeva]]''
|{{no}}
|{{no}}
|{{yes}}
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Features |first=C. E. |date=2024-10-06 |title=Ashok Galla's Devaki Nandana Vasudeva locks its release date |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/news/2024/Oct/06/ashok-gallas-devaki-nandana-vasudeva-locks-its-release-date |access-date=2024-10-08 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|TBA
|''Mahākali''
|{{No}}
|{{No}}
|{{Yes}}
|Writer, Part of Prashanth Varma Cinematic Universe
|
|-
|TBA
|''Jai Hanuman''
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|Sequel for "Hanu-Man"
|
|-
|TBA
|''Adhira''
|{{No}}
|{{No}}
|{{Yes}}
|Writer, Part of Prashanth Varma Cinematic Universe
|
|}

'''Other works'''
{| class="wikitable"
|+ List of other film credits
|-
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Title
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Notes
|-
|2011
|''Deenamma Jeevitham''
|Directorial debut
|-
|2014
|''A Silent Melody''
|
|-
|2017
|''Dialogue in the Dark''
|
|}

=== Television ===
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Year
!Title
!Role
!Network
!{{refh}}
|-
|2015
|''Not Out''
|Director / Creator
|[[YuppTV]]
|<ref>{{Cite news |date=4 November 2015 |title=YuppTV to launch its first web series on Brian Lara |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/yupptv-to-launch-its-first-web-series-on-brian-lara-115110401331_1.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210625024054/https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/yupptv-to-launch-its-first-web-series-on-brian-lara-115110401331_1.html |archive-date=25 June 2021 |access-date=22 June 2021 |work=Business Standard India |agency=Press Trust of India}}</ref>
|-
|2024
|''[[The Mystery of Moksha Island]]''
|Writer
|[[Disney+ Hotstar]]
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Mystery of Moksha Island Review: A moderately suspenseful survival thriller |url=https://www.ottplay.com/review/the-mystery-of-moksha-island-review-a-moderately-suspenseful-survival-thriller/fa0527a926665 |access-date=2024-10-08 |website=OTTPlay |language=en}}</ref>
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb name|id=nm9514022|name=Prasanth Varma}}

{{Prasanth Varma}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:1989 births]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian people]]
[[Category:Film directors from Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Indian advertising directors]]
[[Category:Indian film directors]]
[[Category:Indian screenwriters]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from Palakollu]]
[[Category:Film people from West Godavari district]]
[[Category:Screenwriters from Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Telugu film directors]]
[[Category:Telugu screenwriters]]
[[Category:Gaddar Telangana Film Awards winners]]
[[Category:National Film Award (India) winners]]
[[Category:South Indian International Movie Awards winners]]

Sankrail Assembly constituency

2026-05-05T13:29:52Z

GarnetWelton89:

{{Use Indian English|date=January 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2021}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Sankrail
| type= SLA
| map_image = {{Maplink|frame=yes|plain=y|frame-width=300|frame-height=300|frame-align=center|type=shape|from=Vidhan Sabha constituencies/West Bengal/Sankrail.map}}
| map_caption = Interactive Map Outlining Sankrail Assembly Constituency
| map_alt =
| state = [[West Bengal]]
| district = [[Howrah district|Howrah]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Howrah (Lok Sabha constituency)|Howrah]]
| constituency_no = 174
| established = 1951
| reservation = SC
| abolished =
| mla = [[Priya Paul (politician)|Priya Paul]]
| party = [[All India Trinamool Congress]]
| alliance =
| latest_election_year = [[2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2021]]
| electors = 211,076
}}
'''Sankrail''' is an [[Vidhan Sabha|assembly]] constituency in [[Howrah district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[West Bengal]]. It is reserved for [[Scheduled castes and scheduled tribes|scheduled castes]].

==Overview==
As per orders of the Delimitation Commission, No. 174 Sankrail Assembly constituency (SC) is composed of the following: [[Andul]], Banpur I, Banpur II, Dakshin Sankrail, Dhulagari, Kandua, Manikpur, Mashila, Nalpur, Raghudebbati, Sankrail, Sarenga [[gram panchayat]]s of [[Sankrail (community development block)|Sankrail]] [[Community Development Block in India|community development block]] and Kolora I, Kolora II, Mahiyari I, Mahiyari II gram panchayats of [[Domjur (community development block)|Domjur]] community development block.<ref name=delimitation>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/delim/Final_Publications/WestBengal/FINAL%20ORDER%20NOTIFICATION_English.pdf | title = Delimitation Commission Order No. 18 dated 15 February 2006 | access-date= 25 July 2015|work = West Bengal| publisher= Election Commission of India}}</ref>

Sankrail Assembly constituency is part of No. 25 [[Howrah (Lok Sabha constituency)]].<ref name=delimitation/>

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Year
!Name
!colspan=2|Party
|-
|rowspan="2"|[[1951 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1951]]
|Kanai Lal Bhattacharya
|{{Full party name with color|All India Forward Bloc (Ruikar)|rowspan=2}}
|-
|Kripa Sindhu Shaw
|-
|rowspan="2"|[[1957 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1957]]
|Shyamaprasanna Bhattacharyya
|{{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India}}
|-
|Apurba Lal Mazumdar
|{{Full party name with color|All India Forward Bloc (Marxist)}}
|-
|[[1962 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1962]]
|Dulal Chandra Mondal
|{{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India}}
|-
|[[1967 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
|N. N. Bhuniya
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[1969 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1969]]
|rowspan="7"|Haran Hazra
|{{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)|rowspan=7}}
|-
|[[1971 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1971]]
|-
|[[1972 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1972]]
|-
|[[1977 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1977]]
|-
|[[1982 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1982]]
|-
|[[1987 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1987]]
|-
|[[1991 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1991]]
|-
|[[1996 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1996]]
|rowspan="5"|[[Sital Kumar Sardar]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[2001 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2001]]
|{{Full party name with color|All India Trinamool Congress|rowspan=5}}
|-
|[[2006 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2006]]
|-
|[[2011 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2011]]
|-
|[[2016 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2016]]
|-
|[[2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2021]]
|[[Priya Paul (politician)|Priya Paul]]
|-
|[[2026 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2026]]
|[[Priya Paul (politician)|Priya Paul]]
|
|[[All India Trinamool Congress]]
|}

==Election results==
===2026===
{{Election box begin|title=[[2026 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]]: Sankrail}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[Priya Paul (politician)|Priya Paul]]
|party = Trinamool Congress
|votes = {{formatnum:}}
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Barnali Dhali
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = {{formatnum:}}
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Samir Malick
|party = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|votes = {{formatnum:}}
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Bechu Ram Malik
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = {{formatnum:}}
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|party = None of the above (India)
|votes = {{formatnum:}}
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = {{formatnum:}}
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = {{formatnum:}}
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner =
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2021===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]]: Sankrail}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link||party=Trinamool Congress|candidate=[[Priya Paul (politician)|Priya Paul]]|votes=1,11,888|percentage=50.80|change={{increase}}5.60}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=Prabhakar Pandit|votes=71,461|percentage=32.40|change={{increase}}17.70}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Communist Party of India (Marxist)|candidate=Samir Malick|votes=34,144|percentage=15.50|change=}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = All India Trinamool Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2016===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2016 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|West Bengal assembly elections, 2016]]: Sankrail}}

{{Election box candidate with party link||party=All India Trinamool Congress|candidate=[[Sital Kumar Sardar]]|votes=86,212|percentage=45.20|change={{decrease}}6.01}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Communist Party of India (Marxist)|candidate=Samir Malick|votes=71,455|percentage=37.50|change={{decrease}}3.32}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=Probhakar Pandit|votes=28,006|percentage=14.70|change=}}

{{Election box turnout||votes=|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = All India Trinamool Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2011===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2011 West Bengal state assembly election|West Bengal assembly elections, 2011]]: Sankrail (SC) constituency<ref name=vidhansabha2011>{{cite web| url =http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2011/stat_WB_May2011.pdf|title = General Elections, India, 2011, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data, AC No |publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 9 July 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=736&cid=174| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120519163446/http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=736&cid=174| url-status = usurped| archive-date = 19 May 2012|title = West Bengal Assembly Election 2011 |work = Sankrail| publisher =Empowering India |access-date = 1 May 2011 }}</ref>}}

{{Election box candidate with party link|party=All India Trinamool Congress|candidate=[[Sital Kumar Sardar]]|votes=88,029|percentage=51.21|change={{decrease}}0.51}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Communist Party of India (Marxist)|candidate=Anirban Hazra|votes=70,172|percentage=40.82|change={{decrease}}3.86}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=Jhan Prakash Ray|votes=8,184|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box candidate
|party = Independent
|candidate = Srikanta Mondal
|votes = 1,735
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Bahujan Samaj Party|candidate=Soma Sardar|votes=1,388|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box candidate
|party = Independent
|candidate = Bhishma Bag
|votes = 772
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate
|party = Indian Unity Centre
|candidate = Upendra Nath Dolui
|votes = 658
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate
|party = Independent
|candidate = Sankar Das
|votes = 603
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate
|party = Independent
|candidate = Balai Pandit
|votes = 356
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|votes=171,897|percentage=81.44|change=}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = All India Trinamool Congress
|swing = 3.35#
}}
{{Election box end}}
.# Swing calculated on Congress+Trinamool Congress vote percentages taken together in 2006.

===1977-2006===
In the [[2006 West Bengal state assembly election|2006]],<ref name=vidhansabha2006>{{cite web| url =http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2006/StatReport_WB_2006.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 2006, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data, AC No |publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 9 July 2015}}</ref> 2001<ref name=vidhansabha2001>{{cite web| url =http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2001/StatRept_WB_2001.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 2001, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data, AC No |publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 9 July 2015}}</ref> 1996<ref name=vidhansabha1996>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1996/StatisticalReport-WB96.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1996, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data, AC No |publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 6 February 2015}}</ref> state assembly elections, [[Sital Kumar Sardar]] of [[All India Trinamool Congress|Trinamool Congress]] / [[Indian National Congress|Congress]] won the 169 Sankrail (SC) assembly seat, defeating his nearest rivals Anirban Hazara of [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]].Bikash Mondal of CPI(M) in 2001 and Basudeb Dhali of CPI(M) in 1996. Contests in most years were multi cornered but only winners and runners are being mentioned. Haran Hazra of CPI(M) defeated Nityananda Bhuniya of Congress/ [[Janata Party]] in 1991,<ref name=vidhansabha1991>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1991/StatisticalReport-West%20Bengal91.pdf|title = General Elections, India, 1991, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data, AC No | publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 9 July 2015}}</ref> 1987,<ref name=vidhansabha1987>{{cite web| url =http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1987/StatisticalReportWestBengal87.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1987, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data, AC No |publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 9 July 2015}}</ref> 1982<ref name=vidhansabha1982>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1982/StatisticalReportWestBengal82.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1982, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data, AC No |publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 9 July 2015}}</ref> and 1977.<ref name=vidhansabha1977>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1977/StatisticalReportWestBengal77.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1977, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data, AC No |publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 9 July 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/archive/ElectionAnalysis/AE/S25/Partycomp169.htm |title =169 - Sankrail (SC) Assembly Constituency |work = Partywise Comparison Since 1977 | publisher = Election Commission of India|access-date = 25 November 2010 }}</ref>

===1951-1972===
Haran Hazra of CPI(M) won in 1972,<ref name=vidhansabha1972>{{cite web| url =http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatReport_WB_72.pdf |title =General Elections, India, 1972, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data, AC No |publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 9 July 2015}}</ref> 1971<ref name=vidhansabha1971>{{cite web| url =http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1971/StatReport_WB_71.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1971, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data, AC No ?|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 9 July 2015}}</ref> and 1969.<ref name=vidhansabha1969>{{cite web| url =http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1969/StatReport_WB_69.pdf|title = General Elections, India, 1969, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data, AC No |publisher= Election Commission |access-date = 9 July 2015}}</ref> N.N.Bhuniya of Congress won in 1967.<ref name=vidhansabha1967>{{cite web| url =http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20report%20WB1967.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1967, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data, AC No |publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 9 July 2015}}</ref> Dulal Chandra Mondal of [[Communist Party of India|CPI]] won in [[1962 West Bengal state assembly election|1962]].<ref name=vidhansabha1962>{{cite web| url =http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_WB_1962.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1962, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data, AC No |publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 9 July 2015}}</ref> In 1957 and 1951 Sankrail had joint seats. Shyama Prasanna Bhattacharya of CPI and Apurbalal Mazumdar of [[All India Forward Bloc|Forward Bloc (Marxist)]] won in [[1957 West Bengal state assembly election|1957]].<ref name=vidhansabha1957>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_WB_1957.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1957, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data, AC No |publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 9 July 2015}}</ref> Kanai Lal Bhattacharya and Kripa Sindhu Shaw, both of [[All India Forward Bloc (Ruikar)|Forward Bloc (Ruiker)]], won in [[1952 West Bengal state assembly election|1951]].<ref name=vidhansabha1952>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/STATISTICALREPORTS_51_WestBengal.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1951, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data, Assembly Constituency No. |publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 9 July 2015}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Howrah topics}}
{{Vidhan Sabha constituencies of West Bengal}}

{{West Bengal elections}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of West Bengal]]
[[Category:Politics of Howrah district]]
[[Category:1951 establishments in West Bengal]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1951]]

Ashok (powerlifter)

2026-05-01T13:15:43Z

GarnetWelton89: created basic article w/ refs

{{Short description|Indian para athlete}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2025}}

'''Ashok Kumar''' '''Malik''' (born 27 April 1989)<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Paris 2024 |url=https://www.paralympic.org/en/paris-2024-paralympics/athlete/-ashok_2500982 |access-date=2024-09-07 |work=[[Paris 2024 Paralympics]]}} ([https://olympics.com/en/paris-2024-paralympics/athlete/-ashok_2500982 alternate link], [https://paris2024.rtve.es/es/paris-2024-paralimpicos/atleta/-ashok_2500982 alternate link 2])</ref> is an Indian para powerlifter from [[Haryana]] who qualified to represent India at the [[India at the 2024 Summer Paralympics|2024 Summer Paralympics]] at [[Paris]] and finished sixth.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Paris Paralympics: Simran Sharma Finishes Last In Women's 100m Final, Powerlifter Ashok's Campaign Concludes Without Medal | Olympics News |url=https://sports.ndtv.com/paralympic-games-2024/paris-paralympics-simran-sharma-finishes-last-in-womens-100m-final-powerlifter-ashoks-campaign-concludes-without-medal-6500341 |access-date=2024-09-07 |website=NDTVSports.com |language=en}}</ref> He won silver medals in the Para Powerlifting World Cup, in Egypt in March 2024 to clinch an Olympic berth for India.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-03-21 |title=Para-powerlifters Ashok and Paramjeet Kumar secure berths for 2024 Paris Paralympics |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/sports/para-powerlifters-ashok-and-paramjeet-kumar-secure-berths-for-2024-paris-paralympics-866791 |access-date=2024-08-13 |website=www.thehansindia.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-03-21 |title=Indian Powerlifters Ashok, Parmjeet Kumar Qualify For Paris Paralympics With Silver Medals |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/sports/indian-powerlifters-ashok-parmjeet-kumar-qualify-for-paris-paralympics-2024-with-silver-medals-at-para-powerlifting-world-cup |access-date=2024-08-13 |website=Outlook India |language=en}}</ref>

== Early life ==
Ashok is from Haryana. He did his graduation from [[Maharshi Dayanand University]], Rohtak, Haryana. He trains under coach kinesiologist Tanvir Logani and Jitender Pal Singh is his national coach.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-02-02 |title=How Tanvir Logani used kinesiology to finetune Indian para powerlifters — more on the holistic practice & applications - CNBC TV18 |url=https://www.cnbctv18.com/sports/how-tanvir-logani-used-kinesiology-to-finetune-indian-para-powerlifters--more-on-the-holistic-practice--applications-18957301.htm |access-date=2025-02-23 |website=CNBCTV18 |language=en}}</ref> He was injured during the [[2018 Asian Para Games]] where his radius and ulna bones were crushed and protruded out of his skin.<ref name=":0" />

== Career ==
Ashok won a bronze medal at the [[2022 Asian Para Games]] at [[Hangzhou]], [[China]]. He trained under coach JP Singh for Asian Games.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Haryana powerlifter Ashok lifts bronze in Para Asian Games |url=https://www.babushahi.com/full-news.php?id=173260&headline=Haryana-powerlifter-Ashok--lifts-bronze-in-Para-Asian-Games |access-date=2024-08-13 |website=www.babushahi.com}}</ref> He won a gold medal at the Asia Oceania Para Powerlifting Championships 2022 at Pyeongtaek, South Korea in June 2022.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-06-17 |title=India's Ashok Malik wins gold in Asia-Oceania Para Powerlifting Championships |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/more-sports/others/indias-ashok-malik-wins-gold-in-asia-oceania-para-powerlifting-championships/articleshow/92282926.cms |access-date=2024-08-13 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ashok}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Medalists at the 2022 Asian Para Games]]
[[Category:Paralympic powerlifters for India]]
[[Category:Sportspeople from Haryana]]
[[Category:1989 births]]

Christo Xavier

2026-04-29T01:44:37Z

GarnetWelton89: creating first post first draft

{{Short description|Indian music composer and playback singer}}
{{Infobox musical artist
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1999|07|21}}
| years_active = 2023{{ndash}}present
}}
'''Christo Xavier''' is an Indian [[composer]] and [[Singing|singer]] who predominantly works in [[Malayalam cinema]]. He made his composing debut with ''[[Madanolsavam (2023 film)|Madanolsavam]]'' (2023) and rose to fame for his work in ''[[Bramayugam]]'' (2024).

==Career==
Xavier made his composing debut in 2023 with ''[[Madanolsavam (2023 film)|Madanolsavam]]'' and later composed the music for ''[[Journey of Love 18+]]'', making his playback singing debut with the latter film.

In 2024, Xavier composed the music for the critically-acclaimed film ''[[Bramayugam]]'', starring [[Mammootty]]. He was praised for his work in the movie and won the [[Kerala State Film Award for Best Music Director – Score]]. He collaborated with Mamootty a second time that year for ''[[Turbo (2024 film)|Turbo]]'', replacing [[Justin Varghese]]. Later that year, he composed the music for ''[[Sookshmadarshini]]'' and made his Tamil debut with ''[[Sorgavaasal]]''.

In 2025, Xavier composed the soundtrack for the Malayalam film ''[[Diés Iraé]]''. He is set to make his Telugu debut with ''Rowdy Janardhana'', starring [[Vijay Deverakonda]].

==Discography==
{{More citations needed section|date=November 2025}}

===As composer===
{|class="wikitable sortable"
!Year
!Title
!Language
!Notes
!{{Refh}}
|-
|rowspan="2"|2023
|''[[Madanolsavam (2023 film)|Madanolsavam]]''
|rowspan="5"|Malayalam
|Debut
|
|-
|''[[Journey of Love 18+]]''
|
|
|-
|rowspan="4"|2024
|''[[Bramayugam]]''
|
|
|-
|''[[Turbo (2024 film)|Turbo]]''
|
|
|-
|''[[Sookshmadarshini]]''
|
|
|-
|''[[Sorgavaasal]]''
|Tamil
|Debut in [[Tamil cinema]]
|
|-
|2025
|''[[Diés Iraé]]''
|Malayalam
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Christo Xavier: I wanted Diés Iraé to sound more eerie, but I’m happy seeing the audience reactions - Exclusive |url=https://mirchi.in/stories/music/christo-xavier-on-dies-irae-bramayugam/153097770 |access-date=2025-11-08 |website=mirchi.in |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|2026
|{{pending film|Rowdy Janardhana}}
|Telugu
|Debut in [[Telugu cinema]]
|
|-
|}

===As playback singer===
{|class="wikitable sortable"
!Year
!Title
!Song
!Composer
!Artists
!Notes
!{{Refh}}
|-
|rowspan="2"|2023
|rowspan="2"|''[[Journey of Love 18+]]''
|"Kalyana Raavaane"
|rowspan="8"|himself
|Muhammad Mubas, Yogi Sekar
|Debut as Playback singer
|
|-
|"Kaanal Kinaave"
|
|
|
|-
|rowspan="6"|2024
|rowspan="5"|''[[Bramayugam]]''
|"Poomani Maalika"
|
|
|
|-
|"Thambaye"
|
|
|
|-
|"Aadithyan Illathe"
|
|
|
|-
|"The Beginning"
|Atheena
|
|
|-
|"The Age of Madness"
|Sayanth S.
|Also Tamil, Telugu, Kannada and Hindi Versions
|
|-
|''[[Turbo (2024 film)|Turbo]]''
|"Turbo Trailer Theme"
|[[Arjun Ashokan]]
|
|
|-
|}

==Accolades==
{|class="wikitable sortable"
!Year
!Award
!Category
!Recipient
!Result
!Notes
!{{Refh}}
|-
|2024
|[[Kerala State Film Awards]]
|[[Kerala State Film Award for Best Music Director – Score|Best Music Director {{ndash}} Score]]
|''[[Bramayugam]]''
|{{Won}}
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kerala State Film Award made me doubly happy: Music director Christo Xavier |url=https://www.onmanorama.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/2025/11/03/christo-xavier-kerala-film-award.html |access-date=2025-11-08 |website=Kerala State Film Award made me doubly happy: Music director Christo Xavier |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Kerala State Film Awards 2024: Mammootty, Sushin Shyam and Christo Xavier win big |url=https://mirchi.in/stories/music/kerala-state-film-awards-2024-mammootty-sushin-shyam-and-christo-xavier-win-big/153095316 |access-date=2025-11-08 |website=mirchi.in |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}
==External links==
{{IMDb name|nm14487892}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Xavier, Christo}}

[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1999 births]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian composers]]
[[Category:Indian playback singers]]
[[Category:Indian film score composers]]

Hakim Imtiyaz Hussain

2026-04-20T17:25:24Z

GarnetWelton89: created initial info nd citations

{{Short description|Former judge of the High Court of Jammu and Kashmir}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2020}}
{{infobox officeholder
| office1 = Judge of [[Jammu and Kashmir High Court]]
| term_start1 = 1996
| term_end1 = 2011
| birth_date = {{birth date and age |df=yes|1949|7|16}}
| birth_place = [[Jammu and Kashmir (princely state)|Jammu and Kashmir]]
| occupation = Judge, author
| citizenship =
| education = B.Sc, LL.B
}}

''' Hakim Imtiyaz Hussain''' (born 16 July 1949) is a former judge of the [[Jammu and Kashmir High Court]]<ref>{{cite news |title= President Appoints Justice Hakim Imtiyaz Hussain As Judge of J&k High Court |url=http://www.indlaw.com/guest/DisplayNews.aspx?4E58A7AD-5062-493E-BAA7-3C697F5A1C4A |work=indlaw.com |date=16 December 2005 |access-date=1 January 2013 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101227125328/http://www.indlaw.com/guest/DisplayNews.aspx?4E58A7AD-5062-493E-BAA7-3C697F5A1C4A |archivedate=27 December 2010}}</ref> and a former member of the State Accountability Commission.<ref>{{cite news |title=Forest Land Grab Case: SAC Issues Notice to J&K Minister |url=http://news.outlookindia.com/items.aspx?artid=783161 |work=[[Outlook (Indian magazine)|Outlook]] |date=10 December 2012 |access-date=1 January 2013 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130130205317/http://news.outlookindia.com/items.aspx?artid=783161 |archivedate=30 January 2013}}</ref> He also served as Chairman, Fee Fixation Committee for private schools in the State of Jammu and Kashmir.<ref>{{cite news |title=Justice Imtiyaz assumes charge as school fee panel head |url=http://www.greaterkashmir.com/news/kashmir/justice-imtiyaz-assumes-charge-as-school-fee-panel-head/193011.html |work=greaterkashmir.com |date=17 October 2016 |access-date=17 October 2016 }}</ref>

==List of books written by Justice Hakim Imtiyaz Hussain==
* Muslim Law and Customs
* Agrarian Reforms Act with Comments & Case Law
* Kashmir mein Zari Islahat (Urdu) (trans. "Agricultural Reforms in Kahmir")
* Service Law in Jammu and Kashmir
* Financial Rules and Regulations
* Pay Rules Made Easy
* Land Laws in Jammu and Kashmir
* Supreme Court and High Court Judges Conditions of Service
* The Shias of Jammu and Kashmir (English)
* Tareekh e Shaiyan Jammu wa Kashmir (Urdu)
* Azadari Hazrat Imam Hussain (Urdu)

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Hussain, Hakim Imtiyaz}}
[[Category:1949 births]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian judges]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian Muslims]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian scholars]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian judges]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian Muslims]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian scholars]]
[[Category:Indian legal scholars]]
[[Category:Indian legal writers]]
[[Category:Indian male non-fiction writers]]
[[Category:Indian Muslim scholars of Islam]]
[[Category:Judges of the Jammu and Kashmir High Court]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from Jammu and Kashmir]]
[[Category:Shia scholars of Islam]]
[[Category:Urdu-language Indian writers]]
[[Category:Urdu-language religious writers]]
[[Category:Indian Shia Muslims]]

{{India-law-bio-stub}}

Raptadu Assembly constituency

2026-04-19T19:34:07Z

GarnetWelton89: creating a article added tags

{{Short description|Constituency of the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2019}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Raptadu
| map_image = Legislative Assembly constituencies of Andhra Pradesh (155-Raptadu highlighted).png
| map_caption = Location of Raptadu Assembly constituency within Andhra Pradesh
| mla = [[Paritala Sunitha]]
| party = {{Party index link|Telugu Desam Party}}
| alliance = {{Party index link|National Democratic Alliance}}
| latest_election_year = [[2024 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2024]]
| state = [[Andhra Pradesh]]
| district = [[Anantapur district|Anantapur]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Hindupur Lok Sabha constituency|Hindupur]]
| reservation = None
| incumbent_image = Paritala Suneetha.jpg
| electors = 245,435
| established = 2008
| type = SLA
| constituency_no = 155
}}

'''Raptadu Assembly constituency''' is a constituency in [[Anantapur district]] of [[Andhra Pradesh]] that elects representatives to the [[Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] in [[India]]. It is one of the seven assembly segments of [[Hindupur Lok Sabha constituency]].

[[Paritala Sunitha]] is the current [[Member of Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]] of the constituency, having won the [[2024 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]] from [[Telugu Desam Party]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Assembly Election 2019 |url=http://results.eci.gov.in/ac/en/constituencywise/ConstituencywiseS011.htm |website=Election Commission of India |access-date=24 May 2019}}</ref> As of 2019, there are a total of 245,435 electors in the constituency.<ref name="electors">{{cite web|url=http://ceoandhra.nic.in/ceoap_new/ceo/documents/Electors_Summary%20_25.03.2019.pdf|title=Electors Summary|date=25 May 2019|website=Chief Electoral Officer, Andhra Pradesh|format=PDF|access-date=24 May 2019}}</ref>{{update after|2024|7}} The constituency was established in 2008, as per the ''Delimitation Orders (2008)''.

== Mandals ==
Atmakur, Raptadu, Kanaganapalli, C. K. Palli and RamagiriMandals, Anantapur Rural Mandal

==Members of the Legislative Assembly==

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Member
! colspan="2" | Political party
|-
| [[2009 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2009]]
| rowspan=2 |[[Paritala Sunitha]]
| {{Full party name with color|Telugu Desam Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[2014 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2014]]
|-
| [[2019 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2019]]
| [[Thopudurthi Prakash Reddy]]
| {{Full party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
|-
| [[2024 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2024]]
| Paritala Sunitha
| {{Full party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
|}

==Election results==
=== 2009===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2009 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Raptadu<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.news18.com/assembly-elections-2019/andhra-pradesh/raptadu-election-result-s01a155/ | title=Raptadu Assembly Election Results 2019 Live: Raptadu Constituency (Seat) Election Results, Live News }}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Telugu Desam Party
|candidate = [[Paritala Sunitha]]
|votes = 64,559
|percentage = 45.35
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = [[Thopudurthi Prakash Reddy]]
|votes = 62,852
|percentage = 44.15
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 1,707
|percentage = 1.20
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 142,368
|percentage = 77.16
|change =
}}
{{Election box new seat win|
|winner = Telugu Desam Party
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2014===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2014 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Raptadu<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.news18.com/assembly-elections-2019/andhra-pradesh/raptadu-election-result-s01a155/ | title=Raptadu Assembly Election Results 2019 Live: Raptadu Constituency (Seat) Election Results, Live News }}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Telugu Desam Party
|candidate = [[Paritala Sunitha]]
|votes = 91,394
|percentage = 51.00
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = YSR Congress Party
|candidate = [[Thopudurthi Prakash Reddy]]
|votes = 83,620
|percentage = 46.7
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 7,774
|percentage = 4.32
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 179,941
|percentage = 84.50
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Telugu Desam Party
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2019===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2019 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Raptadu<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.news18.com/assembly-elections-2019/andhra-pradesh/raptadu-election-result-s01a155/ | title=Raptadu Assembly Election Results 2019 Live: Raptadu Constituency (Seat) Election Results, Live News }}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = YSR Congress Party
|candidate = [[Thopudurthi Prakash Reddy]]
|votes = 1,11,201
|percentage = 55.00
|change = +8.30
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Telugu Desam Party
|candidate = [[Paritala Sreeram]]
|votes = 85,626
|percentage = 42.35
|change = -8.65
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 25,575
|percentage = 12.65
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 2,02,180
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = YSR Congress
|loser = Telugu Desam Party|Telugu desam
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2024 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2024 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Raptadu}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Telugu Desam Party
|candidate = [[Paritala Sunitha]]
|votes = 1,16,140
|percentage = 53.48
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = YSRCP
|candidate = [[Thopudurthi Prakash Reddy]]
|votes = 92,811
|percentage = 42.74
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Adi Andhra Sankaraiah
|votes = 3,456
|percentage = 1.59
|change
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = NOTA
|candidate = None Of The Above
|votes = 1,706
|percentage = 0.78
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 23,329
|percentage = 10.74
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 2,17,157
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Telugu Desam Party
|loser = YSR Congress Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[List of constituencies of Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Andhra Pradesh}}
{{coord|14.62|77.61|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Politics of Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Anantapur district]]
[[Category:2008 establishments in Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 2008]]

Aurai, Bihar Assembly constituency

2026-04-15T23:38:38Z

GarnetWelton89: created some details v1!

{{Use Indian English|date=January 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2021}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
|name = Aurai, Bihar Assembly constituency
|type= SLA
| map_image = 89-Aurai, Bihar constituency.svg
| map_caption =
| map_alt =
|mla = [[Rama Nishad]]
|party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
|alliance = [[National Democratic Alliance|NDA]]
| latest_election_year = [[2025 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2025]] 
|region =
|state = [[Bihar]]
|district = [[Muzaffarpur district|Muzaffarpur]]
|division =
| loksabha_cons =
|constituency_no = [[List of constituencies of the Bihar Legislative Assembly|-]]
|established = 1967
| electors = 311,664
| reservation = None
|abolished = 
}}

'''Aurai Assembly constituency''' is an [[Vidhan Sabha|assembly]] constituency in [[Muzaffarpur district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Bihar]].

==Overview==
As per Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly constituencies Order, 2008, No. 89 Aurai Assembly constituency is composed of the following: [[Aurai Block|Aurai]] [[Community Development Block in India|community development block]]; Belpakauna, Berai North, Changel, Hathauri, [[Jajuar]] (including East, West, and Middle panchayats), Katai, Khanguradih, Lakhanpur, Nagwara, Pahsaul, Bansghatta, Barri, Tehwara and Bandhapura [[gram panchayat]]s of Katra CD Block.<ref name=commission>{{cite web|url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf |title = Schedule – XIII of Constituencies Order, 2008 of Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly constituencies Order, 2008 of the Election Commission of India|work= Schedule VI Bihar, Part A – Assembly constituencies, Part B – Parliamentary constituencies |access-date = 2011-01-10 }}</ref>

Aurai Assembly constituency is part of No. 15 [[Muzaffarpur (Lok Sabha constituency)]].<ref name=commission/>

==Members of Legislative Assembly==
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Name<ref name="election2018">{{Cite web|title=Aurai Election and Results 2018, Candidate list, Winner, Runner-up, Current MLA and Previous MLAs|url=https://www.elections.in/bihar/assembly-constituencies/aurai.html|access-date=|website=Elections in India}}</ref>
! colspan="2" |Party
|-
|[[1967 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
|C. M. P. Singh
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[1969 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1969]]
|Pandav Rai
|{{Full party name with color|Samyukta Socialist Party}}
|-
|[[1972 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1972]]
|Ram Babu Singh
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[1977 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1977]]
| rowspan="6" |Ganesh Prasad Yadav
| {{Full party name with color|rowspan=3|Janata Party}}
|-
|[[1980 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1980]]
|-
|[[1985 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1985]]
|-
|[[1990 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1990]]
| {{Full party name with color|rowspan=2|Janata Dal}}
|-
|[[1995 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1995]]
|-
|[[2000 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2000]]
| {{Full party name with color|rowspan=3|Janata Dal (United)|dab=y}}
|-
|[[February 2005 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2005]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Arjun Roy]]
|-
|[[October 2005 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2005]]
|-
|2009^
|Surendra Kumar Yadav
|{{Full party name with color|Rashtriya Janata Dal}}
|-
|[[2010 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2010]]
|[[Ram Surat Kumar|Ram Surat Rai]]
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|[[2015 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2015]]
|Surendra Kumar Yadav
|{{Full party name with color|Rashtriya Janata Dal}}
|-
|[[2020 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2020]]
|[[Ram Surat Kumar|Ram Surat Rai]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[2025 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2025]]
|[[Rama Nishad]]
|}

==Election results==
=== 2025 ===
{{Election box begin |title=[[2025 Bihar Legislative Assembly election]]: Aurai<ref name="election2025">{{Cite web
|title=Election Affidavit Portal – Official Contesting Candidate Information for Aurai Assembly Constituency, Bihar 2025
|url=https://affidavit.eci.gov.in/
|website=Election Commission of India
|access-date=2025-10-24
|url-status=live
|language=en
}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|candidate = [[Rama Nishad]]
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = {{formatnum:104085}}
|percentage = 50.06
|change = {{decrease}}2.27
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Bhogendra Sahni
|party = Vikassheel Insaan Party
|votes = {{formatnum:46879}}
|percentage = 22.55
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Md. Aftab Alam
|party = Aazad Samaj Party (Kanshi Ram)
|votes = {{formatnum:31430}}
|percentage = 15.12
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Akhilesh Kumar
|party = Independent
|votes = {{formatnum:8915}}
|percentage = 4.29
|change = {{decrease}}1.57
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Radha Raman
|party = Jan Suraaj Party
|votes = {{formatnum:8705}}
|percentage = 4.19
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Aam Aadmi Party
|candidate = Sheo Shankar Gupta
|votes = {{formatnum:3333}}
|percentage = 1.6
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:3443}}
|percentage = 1.66
|change = {{increase}}0.37
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:57206}}
|percentage = 27.51
|change = {{decrease}}0.17
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:207920}}
|percentage = 66.71
|change = {{increase}}11.05
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = BJP
|loser =
|swing = NDA
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2020 ===
{{Election box begin |title=[[2020 Bihar Legislative Assembly election]]: Aurai<ref name="election2020">{{Cite web |date=2021-01-13 |title=Bihar General Legislative Election 2020 |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/12787-bihar-legislative-election-2020/ |website=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|candidate = [[Ram Surat Rai]]
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = {{formatnum:90479}}
|percentage = 52.33
|change = +15.91
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Md. Aftab Alam
|party = Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation
|votes = {{formatnum:42613}}
|percentage = 24.65
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Akhilesh Kumar
|votes = {{formatnum:10132}}
|percentage = 5.86
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Surendra Kumar
|votes = {{formatnum:8351}}
|percentage = 4.83
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bhartiya Chetna Party
|candidate = Bimal Devi
|votes = {{formatnum:3557}}
|percentage = 2.06
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Rashtriya Jan Jan Party
|candidate = Dinbandhu Kumar
|votes = {{formatnum:2718}}
|percentage = 1.57
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Garib Janshakti Party
|candidate = Ashok Kumar Jha
|votes = {{formatnum:2286}}
|percentage = 1.32
|change = +0.05
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Dinesh Das
|votes = {{formatnum:2191}}
|percentage = 1.27
|change = -0.09
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Janata Dal (Secular)
|candidate = Anish Kumar
|votes = {{formatnum:1909}}
|percentage = 1.1
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Mohan Kumar
|votes = {{formatnum:1859}}
|percentage = 1.08
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:2237}}
|percentage = 1.29
|change = -0.17
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:47866}}
|percentage = 27.68
|change = +20.66
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:172891}}
|percentage = 55.66
|change = +0.26
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser = Rashtriya Janata Dal
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2015 ===
{{Election box begin
|title = [[2015 Bihar Legislative Assembly election]]: Aurai<ref name="Aurai Constituency Election Results 2015 - 2025">{{cite news |title=Aurai Constituency Election Results 2015 - 2025 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/bihar/constituency-show/aurai |accessdate=23 November 2025 |publisher=The Times of India |date=23 November 2025 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20251123131011/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/bihar/constituency-show/aurai |archivedate=23 November 2025 |language=en}}</ref>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Rashtriya Janata Dal
|candidate = Surendra Kumar
|votes = {{formatnum:66958}}
|percentage = 43.44
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Ram Surat Ray
|votes = {{formatnum:56133}}
|percentage = 36.42
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Sarvajan Kalyan Loktantrik Party
|candidate = Lalbabu Sahni
|votes = {{formatnum:8747}}
|percentage = 5.67
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Mohamd Saifee
|votes = {{formatnum:4561}}
|percentage = 2.96
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Saket Kumar Singh
|votes = {{formatnum:2837}}
|percentage = 1.84
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Ganesh Prasad Chauhan
|votes = {{formatnum:2096}}
|percentage = 1.36
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Garib Janshakti Party
|candidate = Ashok Kumar Jha
|votes = {{formatnum:1953}}
|percentage = 1.27
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Gopal Prasad Shahi
|votes = {{formatnum:1723}}
|percentage = 1.12
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Nageshwar Prasad Singh
|votes = {{formatnum:1513}}
|percentage = 0.98
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:2246}}
|percentage = 1.46
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:10825}}
|percentage = 7.02
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:154133}}
|percentage = 55.4
|change =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{cite web |title=Results of all Bihar Assembly elections |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/68-bihar/ |website=eci.gov.in |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=15 March 2022}}

{{Vidhan Sabha constituencies of Bihar}}
{{Tirhut Division topics}}

{{Bihar elections}}

{{coord|26|19|21|N|85|34|40|E|region:IN-BR|display=inline,title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Bihar]]
[[Category:Politics of Muzaffarpur district]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1967]]
[[Category:1967 establishments in Bihar]]

Bihpur Assembly constituency

2026-04-14T03:20:10Z

GarnetWelton89: creating initial post basic info

{{Short description|Constituency of the Bihar legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2021}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Bihpur
| constituency_no = 152
| map_image = 152-Bihpur constituency.svg
| mla = [[Kumar Shailendra]]
|party = {{Party index link|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|alliance = [[National Democratic Alliance|NDA]]
| latest_election_year = [[2025 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2025]]
| established = 1951
| state = [[Bihar]]
| district = [[Bhagalpur district|Bhagalpur]]
| reservation = None
| type = SLA
| loksabha_cons = [[Bhagalpur Lok Sabha constituency|Bhagalpur]]
}}
'''Bihpur''' is one of 243 constituencies of [[Bihar Legislative Assembly|legislative assembly of Bihar]]. It is a part of the [[Bhagalpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bhagalpur]] Lok Sabha constituency along with other assembly constituencies viz. Gopalpur, Pirpainti, Kahalgaon, Bhagalpur and Nathnagar.<ref name="election2014">{{cite web | url=http://www.elections.in/bihar/parliamentary-constituencies/bhagalpur.html | title=Bhagalpur Parliamentary Constituencies | publisher=elections.in | access-date=10 March 2014}}</ref>

==Overview==
Bihpur comprises CD Blocks Narayanpur, [[Bihpur (community development block)|Bihpur]] & Kharik.<ref name=commission>{{cite web|url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf |title = Schedule – XIII of Constituencies Order, 2008 of Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly constituencies Order, 2008 of the Election Commission of India|work= Schedule VI Bihar, Part A – Assembly constituencies, Part B – Parliamentary constituencies |access-date = 2013-12-20 }}</ref>

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Year
!Name<ref name="election2020">{{Cite web |title=Bihpur Election and Results 2020, Candidate list, Winner, Runner-up, Current MLA and Previous MLAs |url=https://www.elections.in/bihar/assembly-constituencies/bihpur.html |access-date= |website=Elections in India}}</ref>
! colspan="2" |Party
|-
|[[1952 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1952]]
| Raghunandan Prasad Jha
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[1957 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1957]]
| Prabhu Narayan Roy
|{{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India}}
|-
|[[1962 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1962]]
| Sukdeo Choudhary
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[1967 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
| Gyaneshwar Prasad Yadav
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Jana Sangh}}
|-
|[[1969 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1969]]
| rowspan="2" | Prabhu Narayan Roy
| {{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India|rowspan=3}}
|-
|[[1972 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1972]]
|-
|[[1977 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1977]]
| Sitaram Singh Azad
|-
| [[1980 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1980]]
| rowspan="2" | Rajendra Prasad Sharma
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress (I)|dab=yes}}
|-
|[[1985 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1985]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[1990 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1990]]
| rowspan="2" | Brahmadeo Mandal
|{{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}
|-
|[[1995 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1995]]
|{{Full party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|-
|[[2000 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2000]]
| rowspan="3" | [[Shailesh Kumar Mandal|Shailesh Mandal]]
| {{Full party name with color|Rashtriya Janata Dal|rowspan=3}}
|-
|[[February 2005 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2005]]
|-
|[[October 2005 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2005]]
|-
|[[2010 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2010]]
| [[Kumar Shailendra]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|[[2015 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2015]]
|[[Varsha Rani]]
|{{Full party name with color|Rashtriya Janata Dal}}
|-
| [[2020 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2020]]
| rowspan="2" | [[Kumar Shailendra]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[2025 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2025]]
|-
|}

==Election results==
=== 2025 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2025 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|Bihar Legislative Assembly Election, 2025]]:Bihpur<ref name="election2025">{{Cite web |date=2025-12-15 |title=Bihar General Legislative Election 2020 |url=https://www.eci.gov.in/statistical-report/ae/2025/16 |website=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref>

}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Kumar Shailendra
|votes = {{formatnum:91458}}
|percentage = 52.39
|change = +3.86
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Arpana Kumari Mandal
|party = Vikassheel Insaan Party
|votes = {{formatnum:61433}}
|percentage = 35.19
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Jan Suraaj Party
|candidate = Pawan Choudhary
|votes = {{formatnum:8821}}
|percentage = 5.05
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Mamta Kumari
|votes = {{formatnum:2530}}
|percentage = 1.45
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Abnish Kumar
|votes = {{formatnum:2043}}
|percentage = 1.17
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:3269}}
|percentage = 1.87
|change = +0.06
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:30025}}
|percentage = 17.2
|change = +13.12
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:174555}}
|percentage = 65.51
|change = +7.46
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2020 ===
{{Election box begin|title=[[2020 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|Bihar Assembly election, 2020]]: Bihpur<ref name="election2020"/>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|candidate = [[Kumar Shailendra]]
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = {{formatnum:72938}}
|percentage = 48.53
|change = +9.07
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = [[Shailesh Kumar Mandal]]
|party = Rashtriya Janata Dal
|votes = {{formatnum:66809}}
|percentage = 44.45
|change = -3.94
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Md. Haidar Ali
|votes = {{formatnum:3553}}
|percentage = 2.36
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Md. Sanovar
|votes = {{formatnum:1364}}
|percentage = 0.91
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:2716}}
|percentage = 1.81
|change = -0.69
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:6129}}
|percentage = 4.08
|change = -4.85
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:150289}}
|percentage = 58.05
|change = +0.07
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser = Rashtriya Janata Dal
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2015 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2015 Bihar legislative assembly election|Bihar assembly elections, 2015]]: Bihpur<ref name="election2015">{{cite web |date=2018-08-20 |title=Bihar General Legislative Election 2015 |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3904-bihar-2015/ |website=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|candidate = [[Varsha Rani]]
|party = Rashtriya Janata Dal
|votes = {{formatnum:68963}}
|percentage = 48.39
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Kumar Shailendra
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = {{formatnum:56247}}
|percentage = 39.46
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Lal Bahadur Singh
|votes = {{formatnum:4141}}
|percentage = 2.91
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Haidar Ali
|votes = {{formatnum:2983}}
|percentage = 2.09
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Jan Adhikar Party (Loktantrik)
|candidate = Ajmery Khatun
|votes = {{formatnum:1874}}
|percentage = 1.31
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:3565}}
|percentage = 2.5
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:12716}}
|percentage = 8.93
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:142528}}
|percentage = 57.98
|change =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{cite web |title=Results of all Bihar Assembly elections |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/68-bihar/ |website=eci.gov.in |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=15 March 2022}}

{{Vidhan Sabha constituencies of Bihar}}

[[Category:Politics of Bhagalpur district]]
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Bihar]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1951]]
[[Category:1951 establishments in Bihar]]

16th Rajasthan Assembly

2026-04-08T20:07:53Z

GarnetWelton89: created initial entry w/ infobox

{{Short description|16th Legislative Assembly of Rajasthan}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2023}}
{{Infobox legislative term
| name = 16th Rajasthan Assembly
| body = [[Rajasthan Legislative Assembly]]
| before = [[15th Rajasthan Assembly|15th Assembly]]
| after = 
| state = [[Rajasthan]]
| country = [[India]]
| image =
| image_size = 300px
| election = [[2023 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election]]
| term = 5 years
| membership1 = 200
| government = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| opposition = [[Indian National Congress]]
| website = {{URL|https://rajassembly.nic.in|Rajasthan Legislative Assembly}}
| meeting_place = [[Vidhan Bhavan, Jaipur|Vidhan Bhavan]], [[Jaipur]], [[Rajasthan]], [[India]]
| term_start = 2023
| term_end = 2028
| chamber1_leader1_type = [[List of speakers of the Rajasthan Legislative Assembly|Speaker]]
| chamber1_leader1 = '''[[Vasudev Devnani]]'''
| chamber1_leader2_type = [[List of deputy speakers of the Rajasthan Legislative Assembly|Deputy Speaker]]
| chamber1_leader2 = ''vacant''
| chamber1_leader3_type = [[List of chief ministers of Rajasthan|Chief Minister]]
| chamber1_leader3 = '''[[Bhajan Lal Sharma]]'''
| chamber1_leader4_type = [[List of deputy chief ministers of Rajasthan|Deputy Chief Minister]]
| chamber1_leader4 = '''[[Diya Kumari]]''' & '''[[Prem Chand Bairwa]]'''
| chamber1_leader5_type = [[List of leaders of the opposition in the Rajasthan Legislative Assembly|Leader of the Opposition]]
| chamber1_leader5 = '''[[Tika Ram Jully]]'''
}}
The '''Sixteenth Legislative Assembly of Rajasthan''' was constituted after the [[2023 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election]]s which were concluded in November 2023 and the results were declared on 3 December 2023.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Rajasthan Election Results 2023: BJP wins 115 seats, Congress 69; 'had confidence in the people of Rajasthan,' says Modi|url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/rajasthan-assembly/rajasthan-election-results-december-3-2023-bjp-congress-live-updates/article67597833.ece|website=The Hindu|language=en|date=December 2023|access-date=4 December 2023|archive-date=4 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231204175230/https://www.thehindu.com/elections/rajasthan-assembly/rajasthan-election-results-december-3-2023-bjp-congress-live-updates/article67597833.ece|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Composition==
As of 2025:<ref name="ResultIndiaToday">{{cite news|last1=India Today|title=Rajasthan Election Results 2023: Full list of winners|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/story/rajasthan-election-results-2023-full-list-of-winners-2471236-2023-12-03|accessdate=8 January 2024|date=4 December 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231212114953/https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/story/rajasthan-election-results-2023-full-list-of-winners-2471236-2023-12-03|archivedate=12 December 2023|language=en}}</ref><ref name="ResultIndiaTv">{{cite news|last1=India TV|first1=|last2=|title=Rajasthan Election Result 2023: Constituency-wise full list of BJP, Congress, BSP and RLP winners|url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/rajasthan/rajasthan-assembly-election-results-2023-complete-winners-list-constituency-wise-with-names-2023-12-03-905390|accessdate=12 December 2023|work=|date=3 December 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231212115222/https://www.indiatvnews.com/rajasthan/rajasthan-assembly-election-results-2023-complete-winners-list-constituency-wise-with-names-2023-12-03-905390|archivedate=12 December 2023|language=en}}</ref><ref name="Karanpur">{{cite web |last1=Khan |first1=Hamza |title=Days after his induction, BJP minister loses election in Rajasthan |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/political-pulse/congresss-rupinder-kooner-wins-karanpur-assembly-poll-in-rajasthan-defeating-bjp-minister-surenderpal-singh-9099849/ |website=[[The Indian Express]] |access-date=8 January 2024 |language=en |date=8 January 2024 |archive-date=9 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240109044241/https://indianexpress.com/article/political-pulse/congresss-rupinder-kooner-wins-karanpur-assembly-poll-in-rajasthan-defeating-bjp-minister-surenderpal-singh-9099849/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

{|class="wikitable"
!colspan=2|Alliance
!colspan=2|Political party
!No. of MLAs
!Leader of the party
|-
|rowspan=4 {{party color cell|National Democratic Alliance}}
|rowspan=4 style="text-align:center;"|'''Government [[National Democratic Alliance|NDA]]''' Seats: '''129'''
|{{party color cell|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|style="text-align:center;"|118
|[[Bhajan Lal Sharma]] ''([[Chief Minister of Rajasthan|Chief Minister]])''
|-
|{{party color cell|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}
|[[Shiv Sena (2022–present)|Shiv Sena]]
|style="text-align:center;"|2
|[[Jaswant Singh Gurjar]]
|-
|{{party color cell|Rashtriya Lok Dal}}
|[[Rashtriya Lok Dal]]
|style="text-align:center;"|1
|[[Subhash Garg]]
|-
|{{party color cell|Independent politician}}
|[[Independent politician|Independent]]
|style="text-align:center;"|8
|{{n/a}}
|-
|rowspan=2 {{party color cell|Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance}}
|rowspan=2 style="text-align:center;"|'''Opposition [[Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance|INDIA]]''' Seats: '''70'''
|{{party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|style="text-align:center;"|66
|[[Ashok Gehlot]] ''([[Leader of the Opposition in the Rajasthan Legislative Assembly|Leader of the Opposition]])''
|-
|{{party color cell|Bharat Adivasi Party}}
|[[Bharat Adivasi Party]]
|style="text-align:center;"|4
|[[Rajkumar Roat]]
|-
!colspan=4|Total
!colspan=2|200
|}<section end="Composition"/>

==Members of Legislative Assembly==
{|class="wikitable sortable"
|+Source:<ref>{{Cite news|title=Rajasthan Election Result 2023: Constituency-wise full list of winners|url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/rajasthan/rajasthan-assembly-election-results-2023-complete-winners-list-constituency-wise-with-names-2023-12-03-905390|website=India TV|language=en|date=4 December 2023|access-date=4 December 2023|archive-date=12 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231212115222/https://www.indiatvnews.com/rajasthan/rajasthan-assembly-election-results-2023-complete-winners-list-constituency-wise-with-names-2023-12-03-905390|url-status=live}}</ref>
!rowspan="2"|District
!colspan="2"|Constituency
!colspan="3"|Member of Legislative Assembly
!rowspan="2"|Remarks
|-
!No.
!Name
!Name
! colspan="2" |Party
|-
|rowspan="6"|[[Sri Ganganagar district|Sri Ganganagar]]
!1
|[[Sadulshahar (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Sadulshahar]]
|[[Gurveer Singh Brar]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|
|-
!2
|[[Ganganagar (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Ganganagar]]
|[[Jaydeep Bihani]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|
|-
!3
|[[Karanpur (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Karanpur]]
|[[Rupinder Singh Kooner]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|
|-
!4
|[[Suratgarh (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Suratgarh]]
|[[Dungar Ram Gedar]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|
|-
!5
|[[Raisinghnagar (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Raisinghnagar (SC)]]
|[[Sohan Lal Nayak]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|
|-
!6
|[[Anupgarh (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Anupgarh (SC)]]
|[[Shimla Devi]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|
|-
|rowspan="5"|[[Hanumangarh district|Hanumangarh]]
!7
|[[Sangaria (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Sangaria]]
|[[Abhimanyu Poonia]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|
|-
!8
|[[Hanumangarh (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Hanumangarh]]
|[[Ganeshraj Bansal|Ganesh Raj Bansal]]
|{{Party name with color|Independent politician|shortname=IND}}
|
|-
!9
|[[Pilibanga (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Pilibanga (SC)]]
|[[Vinod Gothwal]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|
|-
!10
|[[Nohar (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Nohar]]
|[[Amit Chachan]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|
|-
!11
|[[Bhadra (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Bhadra]]
|[[Sanjeev Beniwal|Sanjeev Kumar Beniwal]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|
|-
|rowspan="7"|[[Bikaner district|Bikaner]]
!12
|[[Khajuwala (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Khajuwala (SC)]]
|[[Vishwanath Meghwal]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|
|-
!13
|[[Bikaner West (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Bikaner West]]
|[[Jethanand Vyas]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|
|-
!14
|[[Bikaner East (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Bikaner East]]
|[[Sidhi Kumari|Siddhi Kumari]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|
|-
!15
|[[Kolayat (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Kolayat]]
|[[Anshuman Singh Bhati]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|
|-
!16
|[[Lunkaransar (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Lunkaransar]]
|[[Sumit Godara]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Cabinet Minister
|-
!17
|[[Dungargarh (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Dungargarh]]
|[[Tarachand Saraswat]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|
|-
!18
|[[Nokha (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Nokha]]
|[[Sushila Dudi|Sushila Rameshwar Dudi]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|
|-
|rowspan="6"|[[Churu district|Churu]]
!19
|[[Sadulpur (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Sadulpur]]
|[[Manoj Nyangli]]
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}
|Merged With Shiv Sena From BSP
|-
!20
|[[Taranagar (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Taranagar]]
|[[Narendra Budania]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|
|-
!21
|[[Sardarshahar (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Sardarshahar]]
|[[Anil Kumar Sharma (Rajasthan politician)|Anil Kumar Sharma]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|
|-
!22
|[[Churu Assembly constituency|Churu]]
|[[Harlal Saharan]]
|{{Party name with color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}
|
|-
!23
|[[Ratangarh (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Ratangarh]]
|[[Poosaram Godara]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|
|-
!24
|[[Sujangarh (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Sujangarh (SC)]]
|[[Manoj Meghwal]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|
|-
|rowspan="8"|[[Jhunjhunu district|Jhunjhunu]]
!25
|[[Pilani (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Pilani (SC)]]
|[[Pitram Singh Kala]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|
|-
!26
|[[Surajgarh (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Surajgarh]]
|[[Sharwan Kumar]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|
|-
!Rowspan=2|27
|Rowspan=2|[[Jhunjhunu (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Jhunjhunu]]
|[[Brijendra Singh Ola]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Resigned on 5 June 2024
|-
|[[Rajendra Bhamboo]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Elected on 23 November 2024
|-
!28
|[[Mandawa (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Mandawa]]
|[[Rita Choudhary]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|
|-
!29
|[[Nawalgarh (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Nawalgarh]]
|[[Vikram Singh Jakhal]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|
|-
!30
|[[Udaipurwati (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Udaipurwati]]
|[[Bhagawana Ram Saini]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|
|-
!31
|[[Khetri (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Khetri]]
|[[Dharmpal Gurjar|Dharampal Gurjar]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|
|-
|rowspan="8"|[[Sikar district|Sikar]]
!32
|[[Fatehpur (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Fatehpur]]
|[[Hakam Ali Khan]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|
|-
!33
|[[Lachhmangarh (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Lachhmangarh]]
|[[Govind Singh Dotasra]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|
|-
!34
|[[Dhod (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Dhod (SC)]]
|[[Gordhan Verma]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|
|-
!35
|[[Sikar (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Sikar]]
|[[Rajendra Pareek]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|
|-
!36
|[[Danta Ramgarh (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Dantaramgarh]]
|[[Virendra Singh (Danta Ramgarh)|Virendra Singh]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|
|-
!37
|[[Khandela (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Khandela]]
|[[Subhash Meel]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|
|-
!38
|[[Neem Ka Thana (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Neem Ka Thana]]
|[[Suresh Modi]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|
|-
!39
|[[Sri Madhopur (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Srimadhopur]]
|[[Jhabar Singh Kharra]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|MoS (I/C)
|-
|rowspan="19"|[[Jaipur district|Jaipur]]
!40
|[[Kotputli (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Kotputli]]
|[[Hansraj Patel]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|
|-
!41
|[[Viratnagar (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Viratnagar]]
|[[Kuldeep Dhankad]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|
|-
!42
|[[Shahpura, Jaipur (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Shahpura]]
|[[Manish Yadav]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|
|-
!43
|[[Chomu (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Chomu]]
|[[Shikha Meel Barala]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|
|-
!44
|[[Phulera (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Phulera]]
|[[Vidhyadhar Singh]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|
|-
!45
|[[Dudu (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Dudu]] (SC)
|[[Prem Chand Bairwa]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Deputy Chief Minister
|-
!46
|[[Jhotwara Assembly constituency|Jhotwara]]
|[[Rajyavardhan Singh Rathore]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Cabinet Minister
|-
!47
|[[Amber (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Amber]]
|[[Prashant Sharma (politician)|Prashant Sharma]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|
|-
!48
|[[Jamwa Ramgarh (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Jamwa Ramgarh]] (ST)
|[[Mahendra Pal Meena]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|
|-
!49
|[[Hawa Mahal (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Hawa Mahal]]
|[[Balmukund Acharya]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|
|-
!50
|[[Vidhyadhar Nagar (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Vidhyadhar Nagar]]
|[[Diya Kumari]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Deputy Chief Minister
|-
!51
|[[Civil Lines (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Civil Lines]]
|[[Gopal Sharma (Indian politician)|Gopal Sharma]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|
|-
!52
|[[Kishanpole (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Kishanpole]]
|[[Aminuddin Kagzi]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|
|-
!53
|[[Adarsh Nagar (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Adarsh Nagar]]
|[[Rafeek Khan]]
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|
|-
!54
|[[Malviya Nagar (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Malviya Nagar]]
|[[Kali Charan Saraf]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|
|-
!55
|[[Sanganer (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Sanganer]]
|[[Bhajan Lal Sharma]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[Chief Minister of Rajasthan|Chief Minister]]
|-
!56
|[[Bagru (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Bagru]] (SC)
|[[Kailash Chand Verma]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|
|-
!57
|[[Bassi (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Bassi]] (ST)
|[[Laxman Meena]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|
|-
!58
|[[Chaksu (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Chaksu (SC)]]
|[[Ramavatar Bairwa|Ramavtar Bairwa]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|
|-
|rowspan="12"|[[Alwar district|Alwar]]
!59
|[[Tijara (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Tijara]]
|[[Mahant Balaknath]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|
|-
!60
|[[Kishangarh Bas (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Kishangarh Bas]]
|[[Deepchand Khairiya]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|
|-
!61
|[[Mundawar (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Mundawar]]
|[[Lalit Yadav (politician)|Lalit Yadav]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|
|-
!62
|[[Behror (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Behror]]
|[[Jaswant Singh Yadav]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|
|-
!63
|[[Bansur (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Bansur]]
|[[Devi Singh Shekhawat]]
|{{Party name with color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}
|
|-
!64
|[[Thanagazi (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Thanagazi]]
|[[Kanti Prasad Meena]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|
|-
!65
|[[Alwar Rural (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Alwar Rural]] (SC)
|[[Tika Ram Jully]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|[[List of leaders of the opposition in the Rajasthan Legislative Assembly|Leader of the opposition]]
|-
!66
|[[Alwar Urban (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Alwar Urban]]
|[[Sanjay Sharma (politician)|Sanjay Sharma]]
|{{Party name with color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}
|MoS (I/C)
|-
! rowspan="2"| 67
| rowspan="2"| [[Ramgarh (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Ramgarh]]
|[[Zubair Khan (Indian politician)|Zubair Khan]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Died on 14 September 2024
|-
|[[Sukhavant Singh]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Elected on 23 November 2024
|-
!68
|[[Rajgarh Laxmangarh Assembly constituency|Rajgarh-Laxmangarh]] (ST)
|[[Mangelal Meena]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|
|-
!69
|[[Kathumar (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Kathumar]] (SC)
|[[Ramesh Khinchi]]
|{{Party name with color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}
|
|-
|rowspan="7"|[[Bharatpur district|Bharatpur]]
!70
|[[Kaman (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Kaman]]
|[[Nauksham Chaudhary]]
|{{Party name with color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}
|
|-
!71
|[[Nagar (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Nagar]]
|[[Jawahar Singh Bedham]]
|{{Party name with color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}
|MoS
|-
!72
|[[Deeg-Kumher (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Deeg-Kumher]]
|[[Shailesh Singh]]
|{{Party name with color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}
|
|-
!73
|[[Bharatpur (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Bharatpur]]
|[[Subhash Garg]]
|{{Party name with color|Rashtriya Lok Dal}}
|
|-
!74
|[[Nadbai (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Nadbai]]
|[[Jagat Singh (politician)|Jagat Singh]]
|{{Party name with color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}
|
|-
!75
|[[Weir (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Weir]] (SC)
|[[Bahadur Singh Koli]]
|{{Party name with color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}
|
|-
!76
|[[Bayana (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Bayana]] (SC)
|[[Ritu Banawat]]
|{{Party name with color|Independent |shortname=IND}}
|
|-
|rowspan="4"|[[Dholpur district|Dholpur]]
!77
|[[Baseri (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Baseri]] (SC)
|[[Sanjay Kumar Jatav]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|
|-
!78
|[[Bari (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Bari]]
|[[Jaswant Singh Gurjar]]
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}
|Merged With Shiv Sena From BSP
|-
!79
|[[Dholpur (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Dholpur]]
|[[Shobha Rani Kushwaha]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|
|-
!80
|[[Rajakhera (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Rajakhera]]
|[[Rohit Bohra]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|
|-
|rowspan="4"|[[Karauli district|Karauli]]
!81
|[[Todabhim (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Todabhim]] (ST)
|[[Ghanshyam Mahar]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|
|-
!82
|[[Hindaun (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Hindaun]] (SC)
|[[Anita Jatav]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|
|-
!83
|[[Karauli (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Karauli]]
|[[Darshan Singh Gurjar]]
|{{Party name with color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}
|
|-
!84
|[[Sapotra (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Sapotra]] (ST)
|[[Hansraj Meena]]
|{{Party name with color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}
|
|-
|rowspan="6"|[[Dausa district|Dausa]]
!85
|[[Bandikui (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Bandikui]]
|[[Bhagchand Saini Tankda]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|
|-
!86
|[[Mahuwa (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Mahuwa]]
|[[Rajendra Meena]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|
|-
!87
|[[Sikrai (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Sikrai]] (SC)
|[[Vikram Bansiwal]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|
|-
!Rowspan=2|88
|Rowspan=2|[[Dausa (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Dausa]]
|[[Murari Lal Meena]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|Resigned on 5 June 2024
|-
|[[Deen Dayal Bairwa]]
|Elected on 23 November 2024
|-
!89
|[[Lalsot (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Lalsot]] (ST)
|[[Rambilas Meena]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|
|-
|rowspan="4"|[[Sawai Madhopur district|Sawai Madhopur]]
!90
|[[Gangapur, Rajasthan Assembly constituency|Gangapur]]
|[[Ramkesh Meena]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|
|-
!91
|[[Bamanwas (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Bamanwas]] (ST)
|[[Indira Meena]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|
|-
!92
|[[Sawai Madhopur (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Sawai Madhopur]]
|[[Kirodi Lal Meena]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Cabinet Minister
|-
!93
|[[Khandar (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Khandar]] (SC)
|[[Jitendra Kumar Gothwal]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|
|-
|rowspan="5"|[[Tonk district|Tonk]]
!94
|[[Malpura (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Malpura]]
|[[Kanhaiya Lal Choudhary]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Cabinet Minister
|-
!95
|[[Niwai (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Niwai]] (SC)
|[[Ram Sahay Varma]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|
|-
!96
|[[Tonk (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Tonk]]
|[[Sachin Pilot]]
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|
|-
!Rowspan=2|97
|Rowspan=2|[[Deoli-Uniara (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Deoli-Uniara]]
|[[Harish Meena|Harish Chandra Meena]]
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Resigned on 6 June 2024
|-
|[[Rajendra Gurjar]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Elected on 23 November 2024
|-
|rowspan="8"|[[Ajmer district|Ajmer]]
!98
|[[Kishangarh (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Kishangarh]]
|[[Vikash Choudhary]]
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|
|-
!99
|[[Pushkar (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Pushkar]]
|[[Suresh Singh Rawat]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Cabinet Minister
|-
!100
|[[Ajmer North (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Ajmer North]]
|[[Vasudev Devnani]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Speaker
|-
!101
|[[Ajmer South (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Ajmer South]] (SC)
|[[Anita Bhadel]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|
|-
!102
|[[Nasirabad (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Nasirabad]]
|[[Ramswaroop Lamba]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|
|-
!103
|[[Beawar (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Beawar]]
|[[Shankar Singh Rawat]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|
|-
!104
|[[Masuda (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Masuda]]
|[[Virendra Singh (Rajasthan politician)|Virendra Singh]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|
|-
!105
|[[Kekri (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Kekri]]
|[[Shatrughan Gautam]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|
|-
|rowspan="11"|[[Nagaur district|Nagaur]]
!106
|[[Ladnun (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Ladnun]]
|[[Mukesh Bhakar]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|
|-
!107
|[[Deedwana (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Deedwana]]
|[[Yunus Khan (politician)|Yoonus Khan]]
|{{Party name with color|Independent politician|shortname=IND}}
|
|-
!108
|[[Jayal (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Jayal]] (SC)
|[[Manju Baghmar]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|MoS
|-
!109
|[[Nagaur (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Nagaur]]
|[[Harendra Mirdha]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|
|-
!Rowspan=2|110
|Rowspan=2|[[Khinwsar Assembly constituency|Khinwsar]]
|[[Hanuman Beniwal]]
|{{Party name with color|Rashtriya Loktantrik Party}}
|Resigned on 18 June 2024<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rajasthan Politics: लोकसभा में जीत के बाद हनुमान बेनीवाल ने विधायक पद से दिया इस्तीफा,उपचुनाव को लेकर दे दिया बड़ा बयान |url=https://zeenews.india.com/hindi/india/rajasthan/jaipur/rajasthan-politics-hanuman-beniwal-resigned-from-post-of-mla-after-winning-lok-sabha-elections/2297587 |access-date=2024-08-26 |website=Zee News |language=hi}}</ref>
|-
|[[Rewant Ram Danga]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Elected on 23 November 2024
|-
!111
|[[Merta (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Merta]] (SC)
|[[Laxmanram Meghwal|Laxman Ram Meghwal]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|
|-
!112
|[[Degana (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Degana]]
|[[Ajay Singh Kilak|Ajay Singh]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|
|-
!113
|[[Makrana (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Makrana]]
|[[Zakir Hussain Gesawat]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|
|-
!114
|[[Parbatsar (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Parbatsar]]
|[[Ramniwas Gawriya]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|
|-
!115
|[[Nawan (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Nawan]]
|[[Vijay Singh Chaudhary]]
|{{Party name with color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}
|MoS
|-
|rowspan="6"|[[Pali district|Pali]]
!116
|[[Jaitaran (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Jaitaran]]
|[[Avinash Gehlot]]
|{{Party name with color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}
|Cabinet Minister
|-
!117
|[[Sojat (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Sojat]] (SC)
|[[Shobha Chauhan]]
|{{Party name with color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}
|
|-
!118
|[[Pali (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Pali]]
|[[Bheem Raj Bhati]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|
|-
!119
|[[Marwar Junction (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Marwar Junction]]
|[[Kesaram Choudhary]]
|{{Party name with color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}
|
|-
!120
|[[Bali (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Bali]]
|[[Pushpendra Singh]]
|{{Party name with color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}
|
|-
!121
|[[Sumerpur (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Sumerpur]]
|[[Joraram Kumawat]]
|{{Party name with color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}
|Cabinet Minister
|-
|rowspan="10"|[[Jodhpur district|Jodhpur]]
!122
|[[Phalodi (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Phalodi]]
|[[Pabba Ram Bishnoi]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|
|-
!123
|[[Lohawat (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Lohawat]]
|[[Gajendra Singh Khimsar]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Cabinet Minister
|-
!124
|[[Shergarh (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Shergarh]]
|[[Babu Singh (Rajasthan politician)|Babu Singh Rathore]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|
|-
!125
|[[Osian (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Osian]]
|[[Bhairaram Chaudhary]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|
|-
!126
|[[Bhopalgarh (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Bhopalgarh]] (SC)
|[[Geeta Barwar]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|
|-
!127
|[[Sardarpura (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Sardarpura]]
|[[Ashok Gehlot]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|
|-
!128
|[[Jodhpur (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Jodhpur]]
|[[Atul Bhansali]]
|{{Party name with color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}
|
|-
!129
|[[Soorsagar (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Soorsagar]]
|[[Devendra Joshi]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|
|-
!130
|[[Luni (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Luni]]
|[[Jogaram Patel]]
|{{Party name with color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}
|Cabinet Minister
|-
!131
|[[Bilara (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Bilara]] (SC)
|[[Arjun Lal Garg]]
|{{Party name with color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}
|
|-
|rowspan="2"|[[Jaisalmer district|Jaisalmer]]
!132
|[[Jaisalmer (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Jaisalmer]]
|[[Chhotu Singh Bhati]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|
|-
!133
|[[Pokaran (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Pokaran]]
|[[Pratap Puriji Maharaj|Pratap Puri]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|
|-
|rowspan="7"|[[Barmer district|Barmer]]
!134
|[[Sheo (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Sheo]]
|[[Ravindra Singh Bhati]]
|{{Party name with color|Independent |shortname=IND}}
|
|-
!135
|[[Barmer (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Barmer]]
|[[Priyanka Chowdhary]]
|{{Party name with color|Independent |shortname=IND}}
|
|-
!136
|[[Baytoo (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Baytoo]]
|[[Harish Chaudhary]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|
|-
!137
|[[Pachpadra (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Pachpadra]]
|[[Arun Choudhary]]
|{{Party name with color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}
|
|-
!138
|[[Siwana (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Siwana]]
|[[Hameersingh Bhayal|Hameer Singh Bhayal]]
|{{Party name with color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}
|
|-
!139
|[[Gudamalani (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Gudamalani]]
|[[KK Vishnoi]]
|{{Party name with color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}
|MoS
|-
!140
|[[Chohtan (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Chohtan]] (SC)
|[[Aduram Meghwal]]
|{{Party name with color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}
|
|-
|rowspan="5"|[[Jalore district|Jalore]]
!141
|[[Ahore (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Ahore]]
|[[Chhagan Singh|Chhagan Singh Rajpurohit]]
|{{Party name with color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}
|
|-
!142
|[[Jalore (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Jalore]] (SC)
|[[Jogeshwar Garg]]
|{{Party name with color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}
|
|-
!143
|[[Bhinmal (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Bhinmal]]
|[[Samarjit Singh]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|
|-
!144
|[[Sanchore (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Sanchore]]
|[[Jivaram Choudhary]]
|{{Party name with color|Independent |shortname=IND}}
|
|-
!145
|[[Raniwara (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Raniwara]]
|[[Ratan Dewasi Desai|Ratan Devasi]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|
|-
|rowspan="3"|[[Sirohi district|Sirohi]]
!146
|[[Sirohi (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Sirohi]]
|[[Otaram Dewasi|Ota Ram Dewasi]]
|{{Party name with color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}
|MoS
|-
!147
|[[Pindwara-Abu (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Pindwara-Abu]] (ST)
|[[Samaram Garasiya]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|
|-
!148
|[[Reodar (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Reodar]] (SC)
|[[Motiram Koli]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|
|-
|rowspan="9"|[[Udaipur district|Udaipur]]
!149
|[[Gogunda (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Gogunda]] (ST)
|[[Pratap Lal Bheel]]
|{{Party name with color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}
|
|-
!150
|[[Jhadol (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Jhadol]] (ST)
|[[Babulal Kharadi]]
|{{Party name with color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}
|Cabinet Minister
|-
!151
|[[Kherwara (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Kherwara]] (ST)
|[[Dayaram Parmar]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|
|-
!152
|[[Udaipur Rural (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Udaipur Rural]] (ST)
|[[Phool Singh Meena]]
|{{Party name with color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}
|
|-
!153
|[[Udaipur (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Udaipur]]
|[[Tarachand Jain]]
|{{Party name with color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}
|
|-
!154
|[[Mavli (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Mavli]]
|[[Pushkar Lal Dangi]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|
|-
!155
|[[Vallabhnagar (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Vallabhnagar]]
|[[Udailal Dangi]]
|{{Party name with color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}
|
|-
! rowspan="2"| 156
| rowspan="2"| [[Salumber (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Salumber]] (ST)
|[[Amrit Lal Meena]]
|{{Party name with color|Bhartiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}
|Died on 8 August 2024
|-
|[[Shanta Meena|Shanta Amrit Meena]]
|Elected on 23 November 2024
|-
|[[Pratapgarh district, Rajasthan|Pratapgarh]]
!157
|[[Dhariawad (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Dhariawad]] (ST)
|[[Thavar Chand Meena]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharat Adivasi Party}}
|
|-
|rowspan="5"|[[Dungarpur district|Dungarpur]]
!158
|[[Dungarpur (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Dungarpur]] (ST)
|[[Ganesh Ghogra]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|
|-
!159
|[[Aspur (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Aspur]] (ST)
|[[Umesh Meena]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharat Adivasi Party}}
|
|-
!160
|[[Sagwara (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Sagwara]] (ST)
|[[Shankarlal Decha]]
|{{Party name with color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}
|
|-
!Rowspan=2|161
|Rowspan=2|[[Chorasi (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Chorasi]] (ST)
|[[Rajkumar Roat]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharat Adivasi Party|rowspan=2}}
|Resigned On 5 June 2024
|-
|[[Anil Kumar Katara]]
|Elected on 23 November 2024
|-
|rowspan="6"|[[Banswara district|Banswara]]
!162
|[[Ghatol (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Ghatol]] (ST)
|[[Nanalal Ninama]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|
|-
!163
|[[Garhi (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Garhi]] (ST)
|[[Kailash Chandra Meena]]
|{{Party name with color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}
|
|-
!164
|[[Banswara (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Banswara]] (ST)
|[[Arjun Singh Bamniya|Arjun Singh Bamaniya]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|
|-
!Rowspan=2|165
|Rowspan=2|[[Bagidora (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Bagidora]] (ST)
|[[Mahendrajeet Singh Malviya|Mahendra Jeet Singh Malviya]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Resigned On 19 February 2024
|-
|[[Jaikrishn Patel]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharat Adivasi Party}}
|Elected on 4 June 2024
|-
!166
|[[Kushalgarh (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Kushalgarh]] (ST)
|[[Ramila Khadiya]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|
|-
|rowspan="5"|[[Chittorgarh district|Chittorgarh]]
!167
|[[Kapasan (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Kapasan]] (SC)
|[[Arjun Lal Jingar]]
|{{Party name with color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}
|
|-
!168
|[[Begun (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Begun]]
|[[Suresh Dhaker|Suresh Dhakar]]
|{{Party name with color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}
|
|-
!169
|[[Chittorgarh (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Chittorgarh]]
|[[Chandrabhan Singh Aakya]]
|{{Party name with color|Independent (politician)|shortname=IND}}
|
|-
!170
|[[Nimbahera (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Nimbahera]]
|[[Shrichand Kriplani]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|
|-
!171
|[[Bari Sadri (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Bari Sadri]]
|[[Gautam Kumar]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|MoS (I/C)
|-
|[[Pratapgarh district, Rajasthan|Pratapgarh]]
!172
|[[Pratapgarh (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Pratapgarh]] (ST)
|[[Hemant Meena]]
|{{Party name with color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}
|Cabinet Minister
|-
|rowspan="4"|[[Rajsamand district|Rajsamand]]
!173
|[[Bhim (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Bhim]]
|[[Harisingh Rawat]]
|{{Party name with color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}
|
|-
!174
|[[Kumbhalgarh (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Kumbhalgarh]]
|[[Surendra Singh Rathore]]
|{{Party name with color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}
|
|-
!175
|[[Rajsamand (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Rajsamand]]
|[[Deepti Kiran Maheshwari|Deepti Maheshwari]]
|{{Party name with color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}
|
|-
!176
|[[Nathdwara (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Nathdwara]]
|[[Vishvaraj Singh Mewar]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|
|-
|rowspan="7"|[[Bhilwara district|Bhilwara]]
!177
|[[Asind (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Asind]]
|[[Jabbar Singh Sankhala]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|
|-
!178
|[[Mandal (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Mandal]]
|[[Udai Lal Bhadana]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|
|-
!179
|[[Sahara (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Sahara]]
|[[Ladu Lal Pitliya]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|
|-
!180
|[[Bhilwara (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Bhilwara]]
|[[Ashok Kumar Kothari]]
|{{Party name with color|Independent politician|shortname=IND}}
|
|-
!181
|[[Shahpura, Bhilwara (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Shahpura]]
|[[Lalaram Bairwa]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|
|-
!182
|[[Jahazpur (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Jahazpur]]
|[[Gopichand Meena]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|
|-
!183
|[[Mandalgarh (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Mandalgarh]]
|[[Gopal Lal Sharma]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|
|-
|rowspan="3"|[[Bundi district|Bundi]]
!184
|[[Hindoli (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Hindoli]]
|[[Ashok Chandna]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|
|-
!185
|[[Keshoraipatan (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Keshoraipatan]] (SC)
|[[C. L. Premi Bairwa]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|
|-
!186
|[[Bundi (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Bundi]]
|[[Harimohan Sharma]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|
|-
|rowspan="6"|[[Kota district|Kota]]
!187
|[[Pipalda (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Pipalda]]
|[[Chetan Patel Kolana]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|
|-
!188
|[[Sangod (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Sangod]]
|[[Heeralal Nagar]]
|{{Party name with color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}
|MoS (I/C)
|-
!189
|[[Kota North (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Kota North]]
|[[Shanti Kumar Dhariwal|Shanti Dhariwal]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|
|-
!190
|[[Kota South (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Kota South]]
|[[Sandeep Sharma (politician)|Sandeep Sharma]]
|{{Party name with color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}
|
|-
!191
|[[Ladpura (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Ladpura]]
|[[Kalpana Devi (politician)|Kalpana Devi]]
|{{Party name with color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}
|
|-
!192
|[[Ramganj Mandi (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Ramganj Mandi]] (SC)
|[[Madan Dilawar]]
|{{Party name with color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}
|Cabinet Minister
|-
| rowspan="5" |[[Baran district|Baran]]
! rowspan="2" |193
| rowspan="2" |[[Anta (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Anta]]
|[[Kanwar Lal Meena]]
|{{Party name with color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}
|Disqualified on 23 May 2025<ref>{{Cite web |last=Service |first=Statesman News |date=2025-05-23 |title=Anta BJP MLA Kanwar Lal Meena disqualified following conviction in 20-year-old criminal case |url=https://www.thestatesman.com/india/anta-bjp-mla-kanwar-lal-meena-disqualified-following-conviction-in-20-year-old-criminal-case-1503436333.html |access-date=2025-05-23 |website=The Statesman |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|[[Pramod Jain Bhaya]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|Elected on 14 November 2025
|-
!194
|[[Kishanganj (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Kishanganj]] (ST)
|[[Lalit Meena]]
|{{Party name with color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}
|
|-
!195
|[[Baran-Atru (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Baran-Atru]] (SC)
|[[Radheyshayam Bairwa]]
|{{Party name with color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}
|
|-
!196
|[[Chhabra (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Chhabra]]
|[[Pratap Singh Singhvi]]
|{{Party name with color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}
|
|-
|rowspan="4"|[[Jhalawar district|Jhalawar]]
!197
|[[Dag (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Dag]] (SC)
|[[Kaluram Meghwal]]
|{{Party name with color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}
|
|-
!198
|[[Jhalrapatan (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Jhalrapatan]]
|[[Vasundhara Raje]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|
|-
!199
|[[Khanpur (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Khanpur]]
|[[Suresh Gurjar]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|
|-
!200
|[[Manohar Thana (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Manohar Thana]]
|[[Govind Prasad]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|
|-
|}

==See also==
* [[List of constituencies of Rajasthan Legislative Assembly]]
* [[Bhajan Lal Sharma ministry]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Rajasthan}}
{{Current Indian assemblies}}

[[Category:Terms of the Rajasthan Legislative Assembly]]
[[Category:Lists of current Indian state and territorial assemblies|Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Rajasthan MLAs 2023–2028| ]]

Kunal Singh

2026-04-02T20:57:52Z

GarnetWelton89: created some bio w/ refs

{{Short description|Indian actor (1977–2008)}}
{{redirect|Kunal (actor)|other uses|Kunal (disambiguation)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2016}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Kunal
| image = Kunal Singh (Indian actor).jpg
| image_upright = 1.1
| caption =
| birth_name = Kunal Singh
| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1976|09|29}}
| birth_place = [[Haryana]], [[India]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|2008|02|07|1976|09|29|df=yes}}
| death_place = [[Mumbai, Maharashtra]], [[India]]
| occupation = Actor
| organization = Balagiri (Film production company)
| years_active = 1999–2007
| children = 2
| website =
}}

'''Kunal Singh''' (29 September 1976 – 7 February 2008), known professionally as '''Kunal''', was an Indian actor who worked mainly in [[Tamil cinema]]. He is best known for his romantic role in [[Kathir]]'s ''[[Kadhalar Dhinam]]'' (1999), which is his debut film.

== Career ==
Kunal was born on 29 September 1976 in [[Haryana]], India. He was introduced in [[Kathir]]'s 1999 romantic Tamil film ''[[Kadhalar Dhinam]]'', alongside [[Sonali Bendre]], a popular Bollywood actress that time. Kunal played a young student who falls in love with Bendre's character over the internet. Due to Bendre's popularity in north India, the film was partially reshot and dubbed into Hindi as ''Dil Hi Dil Mein''.

After the relative success of ''Kadhalar Dhinam'', Kunal appeared in a series of successful Tamil films like ''[[Paarvai Ondre Pothume]]'' (2001) and ''[[Punnagai Desam]]'' (2002), the latter being his first multi-starrer film.

After co-starring with [[Manoj Bharathiraja|Manoj K. Bharathi]] in ''[[Varushamellam Vasantham]]'' (2002), Kunal then appeared in many flops like ''[[Pesadha Kannum Pesume]]'', ''[[Enge Enadhu Kavithai]]'' and ''[[Unarchigal (2006 film)|Unarchigal]]''. Several of his later films were started and then shelved, like Nava's ''Nilavinilae'' opposite [[Vijayalakshmi (Kannada actress)|Vijayalakshmi]], ''Kimu Kipi'' opposite Susan, and Rithik's ''Kadhalithal Anandam'', which would have featured him alongside [[J. Livingston|Livingston]] and [[Kausalya (actress)|Kausalya]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://chennaionline.com/entertainment/filmplus/tmaking.asp |title=New Tamil films in the making |website=chennaionline.com |access-date=12 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030731094320/http://chennaionline.com/entertainment/filmplus/tmaking.asp |archive-date=31 July 2003 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.dinakaran.com/cinema/english/cinenews/13-02/sarath.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041118132825/http://www.dinakaran.com/cinema/english/cinenews/13-02/sarath.htm|archive-date=18 November 2004|title=Dinakaran}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.behindwoods.com/News/25-3-05/kunal_hero.htm|title=Behindwoods : Kunal is back|access-date=23 December 2020|archive-date=27 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221027160721/http://www.behindwoods.com/News/25-3-05/kunal_hero.htm|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.behindwoods.com/News/4-4-05/kunal_krishnamoorthy.htm|title=Kunal as Krishnamoorthy!|access-date=10 May 2022|archive-date=16 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220316101613/http://www.behindwoods.com/News/4-4-05/kunal_krishnamoorthy.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> Moreover, two films which he had signed opposite actress [[Sherin Shringar]], Jai Adithya's ''Kadhal Thiruda'' and Nanda's ''Thodu'', were shot and unreleased.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.behindwoods.com/News/30-3-05/kunal_sherin.htm|title=Behindwoods : Kadal thiruda with Gunal - Sherin|access-date=23 December 2020|archive-date=27 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221027160725/http://www.behindwoods.com/News/30-3-05/kunal_sherin.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>

When he was unable to find roles as an actor, he served as assistant editor for several films and turned to producing.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/report_i-saw-actor-kunal-singh-hanging-says-friend_1149757 |title=I saw actor Kunal Singh hanging, says friend |author=Renni Abraham |date=8 February 2008 |work=Daily News & Analysis |access-date=16 August 2010 |archive-date=26 August 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100826054348/http://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/report_i-saw-actor-kunal-singh-hanging-says-friend_1149757 |url-status=live }}</ref> Kunal's last Tamil film was ''[[Nanbanin Kadhali]]'', which released in 2007.

== Personal life ==
Kunal was married and had two children.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2016-09-10 |title=Bollywood mysteries that remain unsolved even today |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/photo-features/bollywood-mysteries-that-remain-unsolved-even-today/photostory/38140521.cms?picid=38140537 |access-date=2025-11-07 |work=The Times of India}}</ref>

== Death ==
On 7 February 2008, Kunal was found hanging from the ceiling in his [[Mumbai]] apartment. The apparent suicide was challenged by his father Rajendra Singh who claimed that the body showed signs of suspicious bruising. Actress Lavina Bhatia was detained by police in connection with his death, but she was later released after the police could not prove a motive. The police were unable to prove that anyone was present in Kunal's apartment at the time of his death and ruled out Bhatia as a suspect;<ref>{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/Court-orders-CBI-probe-into-actors-murder/articleshow/5349525.cms |title=Court orders CBI probe into actor's murder |date=18 December 2009 |access-date=16 August 2010 |archive-date=19 October 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131019155018/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-12-18/mumbai/28106055_1_court-orders-cbi-probe-kunal-singh-lavina-bhatia |work=[[The Times of India]] |url-status=live }}</ref> furthermore, Kunal had attempted suicide by slashing his wrists several months earlier. At the time of his death, Kunal was working on a Hindi film, ''Yogi'', which was being produced by his newly formed production company Balagiri.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/plot-thickens-in-bollywood-murder-mystery/551315/0 |title=Plot thickens in Bollywood murder mystery |author=Jaidev Hemmady |date=8 December 2009 |work=Indian Express |access-date=16 August 2010 |archive-date=11 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201011162110/http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/plot-thickens-in-bollywood-murder-mystery/551315/0 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.expressindia.com/latest-news/actor-found-dead-in-lokhandwala-flat/270518/ |title=Actor found dead in Lokhandwala flat |date=8 February 2008 |work=Indian Express |access-date=16 August 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121009232006/http://www.expressindia.com/latest-news/actor-found-dead-in-lokhandwala-flat/270518/ |archive-date=9 October 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The case was referred to [[Central Bureau of Investigation|CBI]] and [[Tirath Das Dogra|Prof T D Dogra]] of [[All India Institute of Medical Sciences]]. He examined the scene of crime along with CBI and opined in favour of suicide.<ref name="R1">{{cite web |url=http://indiankanoon.org/doc/157236795/ |title=Bombay High Court, Ms.Lovina Pankaj Bhatia vs Central Bureau Of Investigation on 12 August, 2011 |publisher=Bombay High Court |date=12 August 2011 |access-date=4 January 2014 |archive-date=12 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612162339/https://indiankanoon.org/doc/157236795/ |url-status=live }}</ref>Moreover, the Bombay High Court had ordered the suspension of 2 cops for their shoddy probe in the actor's demise.<ref>{{Cite web |title=HC orders suspension of two cops for shoddy probe in actor's death |url=https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/mumbai/other/hc-orders-suspension-of-two-cops-for-shoddy-probe-in-actors-death/articleshow/15890848.html |access-date=2026-04-02 |website=Mumbai Mirror |language=en}}</ref>

== Filmography ==

*''All films are in Tamil, unless otherwise noted.''

{| class="wikitable sortable"

! Year !! Film !! Role !! class=unsortable|Notes
|-
| 1999 || ''[[Kadhalar Dhinam]]'' || rowspan="2" | Raja ||
|-
| 2000 || ''Dil Hi Dil Mein'' || Hindi film; partially reshot version of ''Kadhalar Dhinam''
|-
| 2001 || ''[[Paarvai Ondre Pothume]]'' || Vinodh ||
|-
| rowspan="5" | 2002 || ''[[Punnagai Desam]]'' || Raja ||
|-
| ''[[Varushamellam Vasantham]]'' || Ramesh ||
|-
| ''[[Pesadha Kannum Pesume]]'' || Vikram ||
|-
| ''[[Enge Enadhu Kavithai]]'' || Babu ||
|-
| ''[[Arputham]]'' || Arvind ||
|-
| 2004 || ''[[Super Da]]'' || Rahul ||
|-
| rowspan="5" | 2005 || ''[[Devathaiyai Kanden]]'' || Bala ||
|-
| ''Pesuvoma'' || Elango ||
|-
| ''[[Thirudiya Idhayathai]]'' || rowspan="2" | Ganesh ||
|-
| ''[[Saadhuriyan]]'' ||
|-
| ''[[Sorry Enaku Kalyanamayidichu]]'' || Vijay ||
|-
| 2006 || ''[[Unarchigal (2006 film)|Unarchigal]]'' || Lakshmi's husband ||
|-
| rowspan="1" | 2007 || ''[[Nanbanin Kadhali]]'' || Surya ||
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}
== External links ==
* {{IMDb name|0997284}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Singh, Kunal}}
[[Category:Indian male film actors]]
[[Category:1976 births]]
[[Category:2008 deaths]]
[[Category:Male actors from Haryana]]
[[Category:Male actors in Tamil cinema]]
[[Category:Male actors in Hindi cinema]]
[[Category:Suicides by hanging in India]]
[[Category:Tamil actors]]
[[Category:2008 suicides]]
[[Category:Artists who died by suicide]]

Nonpartisanship

2026-04-01T19:56:54Z

GarnetWelton89: creating new details basic info

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2022}}
{{Short description|Lack of affiliation with (and bias towards) a political party}}
{{distinguish|Non-partisan democracy}}
{{Other uses|Nonpartisan (disambiguation){{!}}Nonpartisan}}
{{Globalize|article|USA|2name=the United States|date=May 2012}}
{{Party politics}}
'''Nonpartisanship''', also known as '''nonpartisanism''', is a lack of affiliation with a [[political party]] and a lack of [[political bias]].<ref>The ''[[Merriam-Webster's]]'' dictionary defines ''nonpartisan'' as: Not partisan; free from party affiliation, [[bias]], or designation. {{cite web | url=http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/nonpartisan | title=Webster: Nonpartisan | access-date=13 August 2009 | archive-date=24 April 2009 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090424094902/http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/nonpartisan | url-status=live }}</ref> The absence of political bias can be measured in comparison to the [[Median voter theorem|median voter]].<ref>{{cite journal | last1=Puglisi | first1=Riccardo | last2=Snyder | first2=James M. | title=The Balanced US Press | journal=Journal of the European Economic Association | volume=13 | issue=2 | date=2015 | doi=10.1111/jeea.12101 | pages=240–264 | url=https://academic.oup.com/jeea/article-lookup/doi/10.1111/jeea.12101 | access-date=21 July 2025| url-access=subscription }}</ref>

While an ''[[Oxford English Dictionary]]'' definition of ''partisan'' includes adherents of a party, cause, person, etc.,<ref>Oxford English Dictionary, 2nd. ed, partisan</ref> in most cases, nonpartisan refers specifically to political party connections rather than being the strict [[antonym]] of "partisan".<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://dictionary.cambridge.org/us/dictionary/english/nonpartisan |title=Cambridge Dictionary - nonpartisan |access-date=11 June 2017 |archive-date=3 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220503085003/https://dictionary.cambridge.org/us/dictionary/english/nonpartisan |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.macmillandictionary.com/us/dictionary/american/nonpartisan |title=Macmillan Dictionary - nonpartisan |access-date=11 June 2017 |archive-date=11 September 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170911114529/http://www.macmillandictionary.com/us/dictionary/american/nonpartisan |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.thefreedictionary.com/nonpartisan |title=American Heritage Dictionary - nonpartisan Collins English Dictionary - nonpartisan Websters College Dictionary - nonpartisan |access-date=11 June 2017 |archive-date=8 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220508040223/https://www.thefreedictionary.com/nonpartisan |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Canada==
In Canada, the [[Legislative Assembly of the Northwest Territories]] and the [[Legislative Assembly of Nunavut]] are the only bodies at the [[Provinces and territories of Canada|provincial/territorial level]] that are currently nonpartisan; they operate on a [[Consensus government in Canada|consensus government]] system. The [[Autonomous administrative division|autonomous]] [[Nunatsiavut Assembly]] operates similarly on a sub-provincial level.

==India==
In [[India]], the [[Jaago Re! One Billion Votes]] campaign was a non-partisan campaign initiated by [[Tata Tea]], and [[Janaagraha]] to encourage citizens to vote in the [[2009 Indian general election]].{{citation needed|date=January 2012}} The campaign was a non-partisan campaign initiated by [[Anal Saha]].

== Kazakhstan ==
In [[Kazakhstan]], nonpartisanship applies to the highest offices of government. The [[President of Kazakhstan|president]] and the [[Senate of Kazakhstan|Senate]] are legally nonpartisan, and the president is barred from holding party membership while in office.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gotev |first=Georgi |date=2017-11-03 |title=Kazakhstan, a fledgling democracy bent on ‘stability’ |url=https://www.euractiv.com/news/kazakhstan-fledgling-democracy-bent-on-stability/ |access-date=2025-10-31 |website=Euractiv}}</ref> [[Akim]]s (regional, city, and district heads) and their deputies are also prohibited from holding formal positions in party structures.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-03-16 |title=Kazakh President lays out constitutional reforms following January unrest |url=https://www.euractiv.com/news/turning-the-page-after-the-january-unrest-kazakh-president-lays-out-constitutional-reforms/ |access-date=2025-10-30 |website=Euractiv}}</ref> While national or local election candidates may still receive backing from public associations or political parties, their affiliation nor endorsement does not formally appear on the forms of ballot papers.<ref>{{Cite act|title=On approval of the form of ballot papers for voting on elections of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan, deputies of the Mazhilis of the Parliament and Maslikhats of the Republic of Kazakhstan elected on party lists, deputies of the Mazhilis of the Parliament and Maslikhats of the Republic of Kazakhstan elected on single-mandate territorial constituencies, akims of districts, cities of regional significance, cities of district significance, villages, settlements, rural districts|script-title=|trans-title=|type=Resolution|act-type=|index=11/192|prefix=No.|italics=|number=|date=23 August 2018|orig-date=|firstpage=|at=|pinpoint=|orig-section=|authority=Central Election Commission of the Republic of Kazakhstan|institution=|publisher=|location=Astana|parallel=|id=124544|docket=|url=https://adilet.zan.kz/eng/docs/V1800017364|access-date=2025-08-25|mode=|article=|language=KK|via="Adilet" LIS}}</ref>

== Philippines ==
{{Main|Barangay elections}}

Barangay elections, elections to the lowest political subdivision, the [[barangay]] ({{Translation|village}}), is mandated by law to be nonpartisan and be inexpensive. However, candidates have recently began to be members of political parties, undermining the nonpartisan nature of the election.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Bordey |first=Hana |date=June 15, 2023 |title=Comelec: Keep barangay polls non-partisan |url=https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/topstories/nation/873070/comelec-keep-barangay-polls-non-partisan/story/ |access-date=August 23, 2023 |work=[[GMA Integrated News]]}}</ref>

==United States==
{{main|Nonpartisanism in the United States}}

Historian [[Sean Wilentz]] argues that from the days of George Washington's farewell address, to Senator Barack Obama's speech at the Democratic national convention in 2004, politicians have called upon Americans to move beyond parties. Wilentz calls this the post-partisan style, and argues that "the antiparty current is by definition antidemocratic, as political parties have been the only reliable electoral vehicles for advancing the ideas and interests of ordinary voters".<ref>p. 28</ref> However, nonpartisan elections are quite common at the local level, primarily in an effort to keep national issues from being mixed up with local issues.<ref>{{cite book|author=Sean Wilentz|title=The Politicians and the Egalitarians: The Hidden History of American Politics|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MBuZCgAAQBAJ&pg=PT45|year=2016|publisher=W. W. Norton|page=45|isbn=9780393285017|access-date=1 June 2019|archive-date=7 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230207053305/https://books.google.com/books?id=MBuZCgAAQBAJ&pg=PT45|url-status=live}}</ref>

Today, nonpartisan elections are generally held for [[municipal]] and [[county]] offices, especially [[board of education|school board]], and are also common in the election of judges. The [[unicameral]] [[Nebraska State Legislature|Legislature]] of [[Nebraska]] is the only [[U.S. state|state]] legislature that is entirely officially nonpartisan; additionally, the [[bicameral]] [[American Samoa Fono|Fono]] of [[American Samoa]] is the only [[U.S. territory|territorial]] legislature that is officially nonpartisan.

Although elections may be officially nonpartisan, in some elections (usually involving larger cities or counties, as well as the Nebraska unicameral) the party affiliations of candidates are generally known, most commonly by the groups endorsing a particular candidate (e.g., a candidate endorsed by a labor union would be generally affiliated with the Democratic Party, while a candidate endorsed by a business coalition would be generally affiliated with the Republican Party).<ref>{{cite book|author=Steffen Schmidt|title=American Government and Politics Today - Texas Edition, 2007-2008|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uksP_66HMegC&pg=PA850|year=2007|publisher=Cengage Learning|page=850|isbn=978-0495392026|access-date=1 June 2019|archive-date=7 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230207053243/https://books.google.com/books?id=uksP_66HMegC&pg=PA850|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Churches and other 501(c)(3) organizations===
Churches and charities in the United States are mainly formed under US [[Internal Revenue Service]] tax code [[501(c)(3)]] non-profit organization regulations. To maintain that [[tax exemption|tax-exempt]] status, and the ability for donors to take a tax deduction, they are required to remain nonpartisan.<ref>[http://www.hbtlj.org/v08p1/v08p1elacquaar.pdf Eyes wide shut: The ambiguous "political activity" prohibition and its effects on 501(c)(3) organizations, Houston Business and Tax Journal] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170902142613/http://www.hbtlj.org/v08p1/v08p1elacquaar.pdf |date=2 September 2017 }}, by Amelia Elacqua, 2008, pages 118, 119 and 141, referenced 16 February 2012</ref>

This has caused some to question the ability of organizations that have the appearance of partisanship.

The [[Brookings Institution]] is a Washington, D.C. [[think tank]] and [[501(c)(3)]] non-profit, nonpartisan organization. Since its founding in 1916, it has had both identifiable Republicans and Democrats among its leadership. Owing to leadership changes such as this, some argue that it is a good example of a nonpartisan organization. ''[[The New York Times]]'' has at times listed the organization as being [[Modern liberalism in the United States|liberal]], liberal-centrist, [[centrist]], and [[Conservatism in the United States|conservative]].<ref name="NYT">{{cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/11/16/world/americas/16iht-gitmo.1.17859399.html?_r=2 | work=The New York Times | first=William | last=Glaberson | title=Closing Guantánamo may not be easy | date=16 November 2008 | access-date=11 February 2017 | archive-date=1 July 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170701015213/http://www.nytimes.com/2008/11/16/world/americas/16iht-gitmo.1.17859399.html?_r=2 | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/2005/06/14/politics/14heritage.html Next Generation of Conservatives (By the Dormful)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150415135022/http://www.nytimes.com/2005/06/14/politics/14heritage.html |date=15 April 2015 }} by Jason DeParle, ''New York Times'', 14 June 2005</ref><ref>[https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9804E4D61F3FF936A25756C0A96F958260 Silicon Valley's New Think Tank Stakes Out 'Radical Center'] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230207053244/https://www.nytimes.com/1999/05/15/arts/silicon-valley-s-new-think-tank-stakes-out-radical-center.html |date=7 February 2023 }} by Neil A. Lewis, ''New York Times'', 15 May 1999</ref><ref>[https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9F06E5D71E3BF937A1575AC0A9669C8B63 ECONOMIC VIEW; Friedman And Keynes, Trading Pedestals] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230207053258/https://www.nytimes.com/2000/09/24/business/economic-view-friedman-and-keynes-trading-pedestals.html |date=7 February 2023 }} by Tom Redburn, ''New York Times'', 24 September 2000</ref><ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/2006/01/13/nyregion/13ROBINSON.html Marshall A. Robinson, 83, Former Foundation Chief, Dies] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151018092843/http://www.nytimes.com/2006/01/13/nyregion/13ROBINSON.html |date=18 October 2015 }} by Wolfgang Saxon, ''New York Times'', 13 January 2006</ref> In 2008, ''The New York Times'' published an article where it referred to the "conservative Brookings Institution".<ref name="NYT"/>

===Nonpartisan League===
In the [[Progressive Era]], the [[Nonpartisan League]] was an influential [[socialist]] political movement, especially in the Upper [[Midwest]], particularly during the 1910s and 1920s. It also contributed much to the ideology of the former [[Progressive Party of Canada]]. It went into decline and merged with the Democratic Party of North Dakota to form the [[North Dakota Democratic–Nonpartisan League Party|North Dakota Democratic–NPL Party]] in 1956.

===Milwaukee===
In the [[history of Milwaukee]], the "Nonpartisans" were an unofficial but widely recognized coalition of [[Republican Party (United States)|Republicans]] and [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democrats]] who cooperated in an effort to keep Milwaukee's [[Sewer Socialists]] out of as many offices as possible, including in elections which were officially non-partisan, but in which Socialists and "Nonpartisans" were clearly identified in the press.<ref>"School Board Returns Even: Both Nonpartisans and Socialists Pick Five Candidates Each" ''[[Milwaukee Journal]]'' 18 March 1931; p. 1, col. 7</ref> (Such candidates were sometimes called "fusion" candidates.<ref>"Fusion In Many Districts; Old Parties Unite On Legislative Candidates" ''Milwaukee Journal'' 1 November 1918; p. 9, col. 2</ref>) This lasted from the 1910s<ref>Avella, Steven M. ''Milwaukee Catholicism: Essays on Church and Community'' Milwaukee: Milwaukee Knights of Columbus, 1991; pp. 43–44</ref> well into the 1940s. (The similar effort in 1888 to prevent [[Herman Kroeger]]'s election as a [[Labor Party (United States, 19th century)|Union Labor]] candidate had been conducted under the banner of a temporary "Citizen's Party" label.<ref>Wells, Robert W. ''This Is Milwaukee'' New York: Doubleday, 1970; p. 169</ref>) During the period of Socialist-[[Wisconsin Progressive Party|Progressive]] cooperation (1935–1941), the two sides were called "Progressives" and "Nonpartisans".<ref>Cibulka, James G. and Olson, Frederick I. "The Organization of the Milwaukee Public School System" in ''Seeds of Crisis: Public Schooling in Milwaukee since 1920'' Rury, John L. and Cassell, Frank A., eds. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1993; p. 104</ref>

==See also==
{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
* [[Apoliticism]]
* [[Decline to state]]
* [[Freedom of information]]
* [[Journalistic objectivity]]
* [[Independent politician]]
* [[Independent voter]]
* [[Media reform]]
* [[Neutrality (philosophy)|Neutrality]]
* [[Non-partisan democracy]]
* [[Objectivity (science)]]
* [[Partisan (politics)|Partisan]] (politics)
* [[Party switching]]
* [[Subjectivity and objectivity (philosophy)]]
{{div col end}}

==References==
===Citations===
{{Reflist}}

===Bibliography===
* {{cite book |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=jK-0NPoMiYoC&q=Nonpartisan&pg=PA476 |title=Safire's political dictionary |author= William Safire |date=31 March 2008 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=9780195343342 |access-date=25 January 2012 }}
* {{cite book |url = https://archive.org/details/storynonpartisa00russgoog |quote = Nonpartisan. |title=The story of the Nonpartisan League: a chapter in American evolution |year = 1920 |via = [[Internet Archive]] |author= Charles Edward Russell |publisher=Harper & Brothers |access-date=25 January 2012 }}
* {{cite book |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=o0XNlQCub1cC&q=Nonpartisan&pg=PA110 |title=Competitive Governments: An Economic Theory of Politics and Public Finance |author= Albert Breton |date=28 September 1998 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=9780521646284 |access-date=25 January 2012 }}
* {{cite book |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=23dUzlVxphMC&q=Nonpartisan&pg=PA167 |title=European labor unions |author= Joan Campbell |date=3 June 1944 |publisher=Bloomsbury Academic |isbn=9780313263712 |access-date=25 January 2012 }}
* {{cite book |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=iIolxT5S3SMC&q=Nonpartisan&pg=PA95 |title=Political parties in Western democracies |author= Leon D. Epstein |year=1980 |publisher=Transaction Publishers |isbn=9781412831178 |access-date=25 January 2012 }}
{{Portal|Politics|Political science}}
[[Category:Political parties]]
[[Category:Political terminology of the United States]]
[[Category:Political science terminology]]
[[Category:Political terminology]]

O Manase

2026-03-27T23:04:15Z

GarnetWelton89:

{{Short description|Indian youth magazine}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2019}}
{{Infobox Magazine
| title = O Manase
| image_file = Magazine-O-Manase.jpg
| image_size = 265px
| image_caption = ''May 2018 edition's cover, of magazine''
| editor = [[Ravi Belagere]]
| editor_title = CEO, Editor
| staff_writer =
| frequency = Fortnightly
| format = Print ([[Paperback]]), [[Online magazine|web]]
| circulation =
| category =
| company =
| publisher =
| founded =
| country = India
| language = [[Kannada]]
| website = [http://ravibelagere.com/omanase/ Official website] [http://ravibelagere.com Publisher website]
| issn =
}}
'''''O Manase''''' ''(meaning: O Mind)'' is a [[Kannada|Kannada-language]] [[Fortnight|fortnightly]] youth magazine published in [[Karnataka|Karnataka, India]].<ref>{{cite web|title=ಓ ಮನಸೇ ಹಳೆ ಸಂಚಿಕೆ ಆನ್ ಲೈನ್ ನಲ್ಲಿ ಲಭ್ಯ|url=https://kannada.oneindia.com/news/bangalore/popular-kannada-magazine-o-manase-old-issues-online-081723.html|website=kannada.oneindia.com|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180509013041/https://kannada.oneindia.com/news/bangalore/popular-kannada-magazine-o-manase-old-issues-online-081723.html|archivedate=2018-05-09}}</ref> Journalist [[Ravi Belagere]] was the CEO and editor of the magazine.<ref>{{cite web|title=ಯುವಮನಸ್ಸುಗಳಿಗಾಗಿ ಇರುವ ಪತ್ರಿಕೆ ಓ ಮನಸೇ|url=https://kannada.oneindia.com/news/karnataka/o-manase-magazine-100th-edition-ravi-belagere-editorial-088486.html|website=kannada.oneindia.com|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180509013428/https://kannada.oneindia.com/news/karnataka/o-manase-magazine-100th-edition-ravi-belagere-editorial-088486.html|archivedate=2018-05-09}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title= ಜನಶ್ರೀ ಟಿವಿ ಮುಖ್ಯಸ್ಥರಾಗಿ ಬೆಳಗೆರೆ ರವಿ |url= https://kannada.filmibeat.com/tv/writer-ravi-belagere-new-ceo-of-janasri-tv-channel-077552.html |website= kannada.filmibeat.com |date= 10 October 2013 |url-status= live |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20180509013005/https://kannada.filmibeat.com/tv/writer-ravi-belagere-new-ceo-of-janasri-tv-channel-077552.html |archivedate= 9 May 2018 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=O Manase |url=http://www.cruciblestudio.com/cruciblestudio/ad_omanase.html |website=cruciblestudio.com |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170209183703/http://www.cruciblestudio.com/cruciblestudio/ad_omanase.html |archivedate=2017-02-09 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Vernacular Newsline - Indian Regional Newspapers |url=https://www.nriol.com/news/newsline/vernacular.asp |website=nriol.com |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171018130505/http://www.nriol.com/news/newsline/vernacular.asp |archivedate=2017-10-18 }}</ref>

==Sister publications==
*''[[Hai Bangalore]]'', a weekly Kannada language tabloid

==See also==
* [[List of Kannada-language magazines]]
* [[Media in Karnataka]]
* [[Media of India]]
{{clear}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Biweekly magazines published in India]]
[[Category:Kannada-language magazines]]
[[Category:Mass media in Bengaluru]]
[[Category:Youth magazines published in India]]

{{teen-mag-stub}}

Janna

2026-03-27T19:49:31Z

GarnetWelton89: enhance structure and updated info to improve readability

{{Short description|13th century Kannada poet}}
{{use dmy dates|date=June 2016}}
{{use Indian English|date=June 2016}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Janna
| image =
| birth_name = Janna (13th Century), [[Hoysala Empire]], [[Halebidu]], [[Karnataka]], [[India]]
| occupation = Kannada Poet
| notable_works = Yashodhara charite, Anantanatha Purana, Anubhava Mukura
| title = Kavichakravarti
| mother = Gangadevi
| father = Shankara
}}

'''Janna''' (c. 13th century CE) was a prominent [[Kannada]] poet in medieval Karnataka, India. He is widely regarded as one of the important [[Jain]] poets of the Hoysala period, known for his moral seriousness, philosophical depth, and refined literary style. He flourished under the patronage of the Hoysala king [[Narasimha I]] and possibly [[Veera Ballala II]]. Janna is best known for his classic [[Jain]] purana "Yashodhara Charite", as well as "[[Anantanatha]] Purana" and "Anubhava Mukhura".<ref>Narasimhacharya, R. (1988). ''History of Kannada Literature''. New Delhi: Asian Educational Services. pp. 28–30.</ref>

== Early life and background ==

Little is known with certainty about Janna’s early life. He was a [[Jain]] by faith and is believed to have belonged to a scholarly Jain family in Karnataka. He served as a court poet and minister (Dandanayaka) under the Hoysalas, which enabled him to compose his major works in a refined courtly style.<ref>Narasimhacharya, R. (1988). p. 29.</ref>

== Works ==

Janna’s most famous work is "Yashodhara Charite", a Jain purana in Kannada that narrates the story of King Yashodhara, exploring themes of desire, sin, karmic consequence, and spiritual redemption with vivid and sometimes shocking imagery. He is also credited with "Ananthanatha Purana", which narrates the life of [[Anantanatha]], the 14th Tirthankara of Jainism, and Anubhava Mukhura, which further showcases his poetic skill and moral depth.<ref>Narasimhacharya, R. (1988). pp. 29–30.</ref>

== Legacy ==

Janna is remembered as one of the great Jain poets in Kannada literature, alongside [[adikavi Pampa]], [[Ranna (Kannada poet)]], and [[Ponna (poet)]]. His works reflect the strong Jain influence on medieval Karnataka’s literary culture, combining ornate poetic expression with serious moral and philosophical concerns.<ref>Sastri, K.A. Nilakanta (1955). ''A History of South India''. Oxford University Press. p. 367.</ref>

==Magnum opus==

[[File:Amrutesvara Temple,Amruthapura- Large Stone Inscription.JPG|thumb|left|Close up of Poetic Kannada inscription composed by Janna on a [[Hero stone]] at the [[Amrutesvara Temple, Amruthapura]], [[Chikkamagaluru district]], [[Karnataka]] state, India]]
{{Kannada poets in Hoysala Empire}}
''Yashodhara Charite'' is a classic Kannada Jain poem by Janna, written during the 13th century when [[Jainism]] was facing challenges in [[Karnataka]]. It is an epic in the ''kandapadya'' metre, consisting of around 310 verses with a unique set of stories that use extreme, often gruesome imagery of lust, violence, and sin as cautionary moral lessons on the consequences of unchecked desire.<ref name="Pollock">Sheldon Pollock (2003), ''The Language of the Gods in the World of Men''. University of California Press, p. 377.</ref><ref name="Narasimhacharya">Narasimhacharya, R. (1988). ''History of Kannada Literature''. New Delhi: Asian Educational Services. pp. 29–30.</ref>

The poem narrates the downfall and repentance of King Yashodhara, who under the sway of lust commits horrific sins including incest and cannibalism, but ultimately repents, illustrating the Jain doctrines of karma and spiritual liberation (moksha). Inspired in part by Sanskrit versions of the tale, Janna’s work emphasizes the moral seriousness and psychological complexity of the theme.<ref name="Sastri">Sastri, K.A. Nilakanta (1955). ''A History of South India''. Oxford University Press. p. 367.</ref>

In one of the stories, the king intends to perform a ritual sacrifice of two young boys to a local deity but, taking pity, releases them and abandons human sacrifice.<ref name="Rice">E.P. Rice (1921). ''A History of Kannada Literature''. Oxford University Press. pp. 43–44.</ref> In another, he burns himself on the funeral pyre of a friend’s wife whom he abducted in desire and who dies of grief.<ref name="Sahitya1988">Sahitya Akademi (1988). ''A History of Indian Literature: 1100–1800''. p. 181.</ref> In yet another, the poem describes the queen Armutamati’s attraction to the ugly [[Mahout]] Ashtavakra. To expiate her sin, Yashodhara performs a symbolic cock sacrifice that becomes gruesome when the cock comes alive and crows at the time of death. He and his mother are reborn as animals, suffering for many rebirths before attaining redemption.<ref name="Suffering">Sahitya Akademi (1992). p. 4629.</ref>

==Other writings==
Janna's ''Anubhava Mukhura'' is a treatise on erotics and the science of lovemaking, a topic that was well established as a genre of Kannada literature by his time.<ref name="anu">Nagaraj in Pollock (2003), p. 375</ref>

==Notes==
{{Reflist|2}}

==References==

* {{cite book |last= Sastri|first= K.A. Nilakanta|title= A history of South India from prehistoric times to the fall of Vijayanagar|orig-year=1955|year=2002|publisher= Indian Branch, Oxford University Press|location= New Delhi|isbn= 0-19-560686-8}}
* {{cite book |last=Shiva Prakash|first=H.S.|editor=Ayyappapanicker|title=Medieval Indian Literature:An Anthology |year= 1997|publisher=Sahitya Akademi|isbn=81-260-0365-0|chapter= Kannada}}
* {{cite book |last= Various|title= Encyclopaedia of Indian literature – vol 2|orig-year=1988|year=1988|publisher= Sahitya Akademi|location=New Delhi |isbn=81-260-1194-7}}
* {{cite book |last=Nagaraj |first=D.R.|editor=Sheldon I. Pollock|title=Literary Cultures in History: Reconstructions from South Asia |orig-year=2003|year=2003|publisher=Berkeley and London: University of California Press. Pp. 1066|chapter=Critical Tensions in the History of Kannada Literary Culture|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xowUxYhv0QgC&dq=critical+tensions+in+history+kannada+literary+culture&pg=PA323|isbn=0-520-22821-9 |pages=323–383}}
* {{cite book |last= Kamath|first= Suryanath U.|title= A concise history of Karnataka : from pre-historic times to the present|orig-year=1980|year= 2001|publisher= Jupiter books|location= Bangalore|oclc= 7796041 |lccn= 80905179}}
* {{cite book |last= Various|title= Encyclopaedia of Indian literature – vol 5|orig-year=1992|year=1992|publisher= Sahitya Akademi|isbn=81-260-1221-8}}

{{authority control}}

{{Karnataka topics}}

[[Category:13th-century Indian poets]]
[[Category:13th-century Indian Jain writers]]
[[Category:13th-century Jain poets]]
[[Category:Medieval Indian Jain poets]]
[[Category:Kannada poets]]
[[Category:Poets from Karnataka]]
[[Category:Indian male poets]]

Gauri Kumari

2026-03-26T22:02:47Z

GarnetWelton89: creating initial bio and citations

{{Short description|Indian Dalit activist and lawyer from Bihar}}
{{distinguish|Gauri Kumari (Nepalese politician)}}
{{orphan|date=January 2026}}
{{Orphan|date=November 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2025}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Gauri Kumari
| birth_place = [[Munger district|Munger]], Bihar
| alma_mater = [[Bhagalpur University]]
| occupation = Lawyer, Dalit activist
| known_for = Activism for Dalit women's rights
}}

'''Gauri Kumari''' is an Indian [[Dalit]] activist and lawyer from [[Munger district|Munger]], Bihar.

She practices at the Munger Civil Court in [[Bihar]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Singh |first=Nidhi |date=2020-09-30 |title=7 Dalit Rights Activists Who Are Fighting For Social Justice In India |url=https://feminisminindia.com/2020/10/01/dalit-rights-activists-fighting-social-justice-india/ |access-date=2025-11-04 |website=Feminism in India |language=en-GB}}</ref> She has been working with ''All India Dalit Mahila Adhikar Manch'' since 2008 and is also associated with [[National Campaign on Dalit Human Rights]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Adv. Gauri Kumari – National Campaign on Dalit Human Rights |url=https://www.ncdhr.org.in/team/adv-gauri-kumari/ |access-date=2025-11-06 |language=en}}</ref> Her work towards spreading legal awareness and rights for Dalit women and girls has been recognised by award from the National Foundation for India in 2024-25.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-04-24 |title=2024-25 Awardees |url=https://nfi.org.in/2024-25-awardees |access-date=2025-11-04 |website=National Foundation For India}}</ref>

== Biography ==
Kumari was born in [[Munger district]], Bihar, one of the most backward districts in India.<ref name="brgf">{{cite web |author=Ministry of Panchayati Raj |date=8 September 2009 |title=A Note on the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme |url=http://www.nird.org.in/brgf/doc/brgf_BackgroundNote.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120405033402/http://www.nird.org.in/brgf/doc/brgf_BackgroundNote.pdf |archive-date=5 April 2012 |access-date=27 September 2011 |publisher=National Institute of Rural Development}}</ref> Her father worked as a sweeper. One of the five children in the family, she contracted [[polio]] at the age of four, which affects her ability to walk. After her parents died when she was young, she took on the responsibility of caring for her younger siblings. She has spoken about facing multiple layers of discrimination due to her [[caste]], gender, and disability.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Ghosh |first=Uttam |last2= |first2= |last3= |first3= |last4= |first4= |last5= |last6= |first6= |last7= |first7= |last8= |first8= |last9= |first9= |date=April 24, 2012 |title=This Dalit lawyer wants to educate and empower women |url=https://www.rediff.com/getahead/slide-show/slide-show-1-achievers-dalit-lawyer-gauri-kumari/20120424.htm |access-date=2025-11-04 |website=Rediff |language=en}}</ref>

She completed her education with help of a government scholarship and obtained double graduate degree in law from [[Bhagalpur University]]. She also contested in the local district election and held the position of Member of [[Ward (council)]] in Munger for five year.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Gupta |first=Poorvi |title=Dalit Lawyer Gauri Kumari: First Woman VP Of Munger Bar Council |url=https://www.shethepeople.tv/news/dalit-lawyer-gauri-kumari-munger/ |access-date=2025-11-07 |website=www.shethepeople.tv |language=en}}</ref>

As of 2019, Kumari had been practicing as an advocate in the Munger civil court for 19 years where she has also served as a [[Prosecutor|Special Public Prosecutor]]. She was the first Dalit woman to become a member of the [[Juvenile Justice Board]], and the first female vice-president of the Munger Bar Council.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":0" />

== See also ==

* [[Dalit feminism]]
* [[Women's rights in India]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Dalit activists]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian women activists]]
[[Category:Indian women lawyers]]
[[Category:People from Munger district]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

Dramatic Performances Act, 1876

2026-03-25T16:23:04Z

GarnetWelton89:

{{Short description|Legislation of British India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2024}}
{{More footnotes needed|date=May 2010}}
{{Infobox legislation
| short_title =The Dramatic Performances Act 1876
| image = File:Star of the Order of the Star of India (gold).svg
| imagesize = 150
| imagelink =
| imagealt =
| caption =
| long_title =
| citation = Act No.19 of 1876
| territorial_extent =
| enacted_by = [[Imperial Legislative Council]]
| date_enacted =
| date_assented =
| date_signed =
| date_commenced =
| bill =
| bill_citation =
| bill_date =
| introduced_by =
| 1st_reading =
| 2nd_reading =
| 3rd_reading =
| white_paper =
| committee_report =
| amendments =
| repeals =
| related =
| summary =
| keywords =
| repealed_by =*Repealed in partial Act 4 of 1914
* Repealed in partial Act 10 of 1914
* Repealed in(Madras ), Mad. Act 33 of 1954
* Repealed as in force in Delhi ( When Mad. Act 33 of 1954 is extended to Delhi)
* Repealed in Andhra by Andhra Act 8 of 195
* Repealed in Madhya Pradesh by MP Act 11 of 1961
* Repealed in Andaman and Nicobar Islands by Reg. 10 of
* Repealed and deemed obsolete in 2018.
| status = amended
}}
The '''Dramatic Performances Act, 1876''' was implemented by the British Government in India in the year 1876 to police seditious Indian theatre. India, being a colony of the [[British Empire]] had begun using the theatre as a tool of protest against the oppressive nature of the colonial rule. In order to check these revolutionary impulses, the British Government proceeded to impose the Dramatic Performances Act. Following India's independence in 1947, the Act has not been repealed, and most states have introduced their own modified versions with certain amendments which have in fact, often strengthened the control of the administration over the theatre.

==Provisions of the Act==
[[File:1stEarlOfNorthbrooke.jpg|thumb|Thomas Baring, 1st Earl of Northbrook, who promulgated the Act in 1876]]
The Dramatic Performances Act, often shortened to "DPA", was brought into force in the year 1876 under the administration of [[Thomas Baring, 1st Earl of Northbrook|Viceroy Northbrook]]. The Act sought to empower the British administration to control better the theatre scene in India.

The Act outlined the restrictions that public performances of a play, pantomime or any other drama would have to adhere to. According to this Act, if the state government judged any play to be of a scandalous nature; disrupting social values; or felt that it might excite feelings of disaffection against the government established by law; or that it would corrupt persons, then the said performance would stand prohibited.

The Act further stated that if any person or groups on whom an order of prohibition had been served refused to comply with the same, such persons or groups would be liable to be punished. The penalty for disobedience of the terms of the Act was either imprisonment for a term extending to about three months, or a fine, or in some cases, both. The Act conferred upon the government the right to information, by which right the persons as empowered by the Act could demand the procurement of all such plays for verification whose content might violate one or many terms of the Act.

The police was granted the license to enter, arrest and seize any persons, scenery, costumes, and or articles whose use or intended use in the performance as prohibited under the terms of the Dramatic Performances Act, had been reasonably established. By this Act, no public performance was to take place in any local area without the sanction of a license.

==Background to the Act==

===Creation of the National Theatre===
In [[Kolkata|Calcutta]], by the early 1860s the need for public theatres was strongly felt. Dramatic performances so far were private and irregular, open to a handful of spectators. Contemporary newspapers advocated the need for theatres to act as vehicles of social reform and instruction in a variety of subjects, as also, a focus of amusement and entertainment. It was to be a democratic space where, by the purchase of a ticket of minimal charge, anyone could be a spectator.

As early as 12 May 1862, the ''Som Prakas'' emphasized the need for a public theatre. The ''Naba Prabandha'' issue of August 1868 discussed the need for a healthy space which would counter the harmful effects of the vulgar pleasures provided by contemporary ''[[Panchali (narrative form)|panchali]]s'', ''[[Tarja (folk poetry contest)|tarja]]s'' and ''[[halfakdai]]s''.<ref>Mukherjee, p. 31</ref> It further suggested the establishment of a public theatre on strict business principles where acting would become a professional domain.

Bhuban Mohan Neogi offered the Baghbazar Amateur Theatre a room in his house on the river [[Ganges]] for their practice sessions. The play chosen was [[Dinabandhu Mitra]]’s ''[[Nil Darpan]]''. The endeavour won the enthusiastic support of such eminent persons as [[Sisir Kumar Ghose]] (1840–1911, editor of ''[[Amrita Bazar Patrika]]''), [[Nabagopal Mitra]] (1840–1894, editor of the ''National Paper''), [[Mon Mohan Basu]] (1831–1912), editor of the ''Madhyastha'', among others.

A short-lived controversy arose regarding the theatre's nomenclature. [[Nabagopal Mitra]], nicknamed "National Nabagopal" for his fervent nationalism expressed in his desire to attach the word "National" to every Bengali enterprise, suggested the name "The Calcutta National Theatrical Society", which was finally shortened to "National Theatre". [[Girish Chandra Ghosh]], who was the unofficial leader of the Baghbazar group was not ready to adopt this title and later, he parted company with his friends on account of this broil.

===Staging of ''Nil Darpan''===
The first public theatre was, ironically enough, housed in a private residence. The courtyard of Madhusudan Sanyal's house at 33 Upper Chitpore Road was taken for a rent. On 19 November 1872 an advertisement appeared in ''Sulav Samachar'' which declared that the [[Calcutta National Theatrical Society]] would stage Nil Darpan on Saturday, 7 December. The play was a scathing exposure of the oppression of the British [[indigo]] planters of the impoverished Bengali [[ryot]]s. ''Sulav Samachar'' in 10 by December issue of 1872 (adil), not only praised the performance but called for the creation of many more such plays which would inspire the people and make them aware of their rights. The ''National Paper'' of 11 December 1872 described the play as "an event of national importance." ''Amrit Bazar Patrika'' suggested that the play should not be restricted to Calcutta, but should venture beyond Calcutta to such places as [[Krishnanagore]], [[Baharampur|Berhampore]], [[Jessore (city)|Jessore]] and other such areas where the issues addressed in the play would be more relevant.

However, the staging of ''Nil Darpan'' with its blatant demonization of the white-skinned indigo planters, earned the displeasure of the ''Englishman'' which, in its 20 December 1872 issue condemned the play for having had damaging effects on the dignity and prestige of the British government and ordered that the performance of the play be immediately stopped. It wrote:

{{Blockquote|Considering that the [[James Long (Anglican priest)|Rev.Mr.Long]] was sentenced to one month’s imprisonment for translating the play, which was pronounced by the High Court as a libel on the Europeans, it seems strange that the Government should allow its representation in Calcutta, unless it has gone through the hands of some competent censor, and the libelous parts excised.}}

On the other hand, the new public theatre in Calcutta prepared to deal with its own shortcomings. The press did not spare the imperfections of the National Theatre. A letter published in the ''Education Gazette'' (13 December) commended the National Theatre for its height and width, but complained of the lack of sufficient light on the stage, absence of wings affecting the aesthetics of the play, and inadequate accommodation. At around this time, two letters appeared in the ''Indian Mirror'' (19 and 27 December) in which the so-called National Theatre was heavily criticized on account of its poor equipment and sub-standard acting. It was assumed that the writer of these two letters was none other than Girish Chandra Ghose himself. Faced with such pointed criticism, an appeal was made to the sponsors to uphold the dignity of the ''National Theatre'' and to replace the western concerts that were fashionable in Calcutta at this time with more indigenous theatre. The second performance of ''[[Nil Darpan]]'' was held on 21 December. Many other plays were also staged at around this time by the National Theatre.

===Creation of the Dramatic Performances Act===
[[File:Stuart hogg.jpg|thumb|Stuart Hogg was satirized as a "pig" in the polemical play ''The Police of Pig and Sheep'']]
Towards the end of March 1875, some members of the National Theatre (that had now become the "Great National Theatre") went on tour. In [[Lucknow]], during a scene of ''Nil Darpan''—the scene where Torap, an Indian ryot, holds down the European Mr. Rouge who assaults the helpless woman Kshetramoni—British soldiers among the audience, enraged, rushed onto the stage and began behaving violently, which led to the breaking up of the play.

The following year, [[Edward VII of the United Kingdom|Edward, Prince of Wales]] visited Calcutta. Soon after his visit, the Great National Theatre presented the play ''[[Gajadananda o Jubaraj]]'' (or ''Gajadananda and the Crown Prince''), which sought to target [[Jagadananda Mukherjee]], a well-known citizen of Calcutta, Junior Government pleader and member of the [[British Bengal Legislative Council|Bengal Legislative Council]]. This man had invited the Prince to his [[Bhowanipur]] residence on 3 January 1876 and had taken him on a tour of the ladies’ apartment of the house where he was given a traditional Bengali welcome by the female members of the family. This incident enraged the orthodox Bengali society for it appeared to them that Jagadananda had sacrificed his ethics and culture in a bid to placate the British masters and win favours from them. The satirical play ''Gajadananda o Jubaraj'', based on this incident, was stopped by police order, yet it returned the following week on 26 February under a different name, ''Hanuman Charitra''.

On 1 March, [[Upendranath Das]]’s play ''[[Surendra Binodini]]'' was followed by a satire called ''[[The Police of Pig and Sheep]]'', burlesquing Sir [[Stuart Saunders Hogg|Stuart Hogg]], Commissioner of Police, and Mr. Lamb, Superintendent of Police for their hostile behavior towards the common people. Although this issue was taken to court, the High Court threw out the case.

On 29 February 1876, [[Thomas Baring, 1st Earl of Northbrook|Lord Northbrook]], Governor-General of India, promulgated an ordinance. The ''Indian Mirror'' of 1 March 1876 reported as follows:

{{Blockquote|A Gazette of India Extra-ordinary was issued last evening containing an Ordinance to empower the Government of Bengal to prohibit certain dramatic performances, which are scandalous, defamatory, seditious, obscene, or otherwise prejudicial to the public interest. The Ordinance shall remain in force till May next by which time a law will be passed by the Viceregal Council on the subject.}}

In March 1876 the ''Dramatic Performances Control Bill'' was introduced in the Viceroy's Council. Despite strong public opposition, the Bill was passed into law in December 1876. While the immediate provocation for the promulgation of the ordinance was the play ''Gajadananda o Jubaraj'', the actual motive of the Government was to silence such nationalistic plays as ''Nil Darpan'', ''Bharat Mata'', ''Puru-Vikram'', ''Bharate Yavan'', ''Banger Sukhabasan'', ''Beer Nari''. This Act also served as a weapon to proscribe, at one time or another up to 1911, the following works: ''[[Anandamath]]'', ''[[Chandrasekhar]]'', ''Mrinalini'', ''Chhatrapati Shivaji'', ''Karagar'' among others.

===After the Bill is passed===

Following the promulgation of the Dramatic Performances Act, the government felt dissatisfied with its terms and sought to devise some sort of punishment for the sponsors of the prohibited plays. Their aim was to charge the sponsors if not on the ground of a play itself, then at least, on some other point. On 4 March 1876, when the play ''Sati Ki Kalankini'' was being performed on the stage of the Great National Theatre, the police stormed the place and arrested the director [[Upendra Nath Das]], the manager [[Amritlal Basu]] and eight others on the charge of immorality for an earlier play, ''Surendra Binodini''. On 8 March Upendra Nath and Amritlal were sentenced to one month's simple imprisonment while the rest were released. Later however, the High Court overruled the order of the Police Court and released the duo.

This case reflects the extent to which the rulers of colonial era sought to gag free speech, and noticing within the public theatre the germs of a nationalist movement, came down hard on theatre groups, individual directors of plays and even those who appeared to be the sympathizers of this creative domain.

==Post-Independence scenario==


Following the independence of India on 15 August 1947, this Act was not entirely abolished. Post-1947, many states have introduced their own amended versions of this Act and some have in fact modified it to such an extent that it has even increased the Government's control over public theatre performance in Independent India. The Bombay DPA, brought into action in 1950, is one such case in point.

Stringent censorship of public theatres has in fact continued in India in the post-independence era. The police have often called upon members of a particular theatre association or individual persons to furnish entire manuscripts of plays for scrutiny by the censorship authorities, which then might or might not be banned or selectively abridged. In 1953, the Indian People's Theatre Association was faced with such a trial when they were called upon to turn in about fifty manuscripts, which included the plays ''Nil Darpan'' and ''[[Nabanna]]''.

In 1953, [[Malayalam]] playwright and film director [[Thoppil Bhasi]]’s play ''[[Ningalenne Communistakki]]'' i.e. ''You Made Me a Communist'' was banned by the [[Thiruvananthapuram]] District Magistrate according to the provisions of the Dramatic Performances Act.The government alleged that the play contained provocative material which might prove harmful to the integrity of the state and encourage people to rise in revolt against the government. This play charts the life of a middle-aged man as he journeys from the cloisters of a conservative upper-class Hindu family to communism. After being banned, the play, its cast and director invited greater trouble upon themselves by violating the ban and performing the play at [[Kovalam]], near Thiruvananthapuram. This led to the immediate arrest of all the actors of the play. However, an effective opposition from the [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|Communist Party]] in Kerala compelled the High Court to declare the ban null and void two months later. [[West Bengal]] repealed the Act in the year 1962 following persistent agitation from the ranks of the artists’ fraternity.

The India Code Compilation of Unrepealed Central Acts declared in 1993 that the Act is one of the "obsolete laws" that exists in India today. The report of the committee to identify the central acts which are not relevant or no longer needed or require repeal/re-enactment in the present socio-economic context has identified this Act as suitable for repeal.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pmindia.gov.in/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/Extracts-of-the-Committee-of-the-Report-Vol.I-.pdf |title=Report of the Committee to Identify the Central Acts Which Are Not Relevant or No Longer Needed or Require Repeal/Re-Enactment in the Present Socio-Economic Context |website=Prime Minister of India |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210713165212/https://www.pmindia.gov.in/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/Extracts-of-the-Committee-of-the-Report-Vol.I-.pdf |archive-date=13 July 2021}}</ref>

==References and bibliography==
{{Reflist}}
*Bhatia, Nandi. ''Acts of Authority/Acts of Resistance: Theater and Politics in Colonial and Postcolonial India''. University of Michigan Press, 2004.
*Mukherjee, Sushil Kumar. ''The Story of the Calcutta Theatres--1753–1980''. Kolkata: K.P.Bagchi and Company, 1982.

==External links==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20110606173245/http://www.pap.gov.pk/uploads/acts/6.html] Text of the Dramatic Performances Act on the Government of Pakistan website
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20100102071413/http://www.commonlii.org/in/legis/num_act/dpa1876203/] Text of the Dramatic Performances Act on the Indian Legislation Database website

[[Category:1876 in law]]
[[Category:Acts of the Imperial Legislative Council]]
[[Category:1876 in India]]
[[Category:1876 in British law]]

Neel Kamal (1968 film)

2026-03-23T07:12:29Z

GarnetWelton89: added references

{{About|1968 film|the 1947 film starring [[Madhubala]]|Neel Kamal (1947 film)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Neel Kamal
| image = Neel Kamal (1968 film) Poster.jpg

| caption = Film poster
| director = Ram Maheshwari
| producer = Pannalal Maheshwari
| writer = Ela Maheshwari [[Kidar Sharma]] Vinay Chatterjee
| screenplay = [[Phani Majumdar]]
| story = [[Gulshan Nanda]]
| based_on =
| starring = [[Waheeda Rehman]] [[Manoj Kumar]] [[Raaj Kumar]]
| narrator =
| music = [[Ravi (music director)|Ravi]]
| cinematography = [[Fali Mistry]]
| editing = D. N. Pai
| studio =Famous Cine Studios, Tardeo, Mumbai Kalpanalok
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|1968|09|21|df=y}}
| runtime = 160 minutes
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| budget =
| gross =
}}
'''''Neel Kamal''''' is a 1968 [[India]]n [[Hindi]]-language romantic thriller directed by Ram Maheshwari, starring [[Waheeda Rehman]] as the eponymous lead, [[Raaj Kumar]], [[Manoj Kumar]], [[Mehmood Ali|Mehmood]], [[Balraj Sahni]], [[Lalita Pawar]] and [[Shashikala]].<ref>[https://indiancine.ma/NAV Neel Kamal]. ''indiancine.ma''.</ref><ref>[https://www.netflix.com/title/796045 Neel Kamal]. ''[[Netflix]]''.</ref>

''Neel Kamal'' proved to be a major commercial success at the box-office, becoming the [[List of Bollywood films of 1968|third highest-grossing film of 1968]].

At the [[16th Filmfare Awards]], ''Neel Kamal'' received 8 nominations including [[Filmfare Award for Best Film|Best Film]], [[Filmfare Award for Best Director|Best Director]] (Maheshwari). [[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor|Best Supporting Actor]] (Raaj Kumar), [[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress|Best Supporting Actress]] (Shashikala) and [[Filmfare Award for Best Performance in a Comic Role|Best Comedian]] (Mehmood), and won [[Filmfare Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]] for Rehman, her second win in the category after [[Guide (film)|''Guide'']] (1965).

==Plot==
{{More plot|date=September 2020}}
Sita and her friends go on a college trip. Sita [[Sleepwalking|sleepwalks]] and when she is about to be hit by a train on the railway track, Ram saves her. Impressed, her father decides to get her married to him.

After marriage, Sita discovers that her sleepwalking is not the usual kind, as it takes her to the story of her past life.

Chitrasen, an artisan, was in love with the princess Neel Kamal (Sita in her past life). The king rejects his alliance for his daughter and as a punishment, buries him alive. Chitrasen's love for Neel Kamal remained immortal and his [[soul]] survives for centuries in hopes to meet her and be with her. One night, while sleep walking, Sita is invited to Chitrasen's burial by a song. Her mother-in-law, a very cross person, believes that Sita is having an [[affair]] and gives her a tough time at home along with her sister-in-law Chanchal. Her only supporter in the house is Giridhar, Chanchal's husband, who is a ''ghar jamai'' and saves her from committing suicide with the help of a Pujari (David).

Sita's father also comes in search of his daughter at Ram's house to whom he has informed of her [[sleepwalking]] several times earlier. However, Ram's family prepares for a second marriage of Ram after Girdhar informs them that Sita is dead, but Giridhar secretly informs Ram that Sita is alive and now pregnant. One night while traveling by train, she stops the train by pulling the chain at the same Chitrapur station. Sita reaches Chitrasen's place and they have a brief past conversation with his immortal soul. Finally, Chitrasen's soul becomes free and Sita falls [[Unconsciousness|unconscious]]. Ram rescues her and they live happily.

==Cast==
*[[Waheeda Rehman]] as Rajkumari Neel Kamal / Sita
*[[Manoj Kumar]] as Ram
*[[Raaj Kumar]] as Chitrasen
*[[Lalita Pawar]] as Thakurain
*[[Mehmood (actor)|Mehmood]] as Girdhar Gopal Agarwal
*[[Shashikala]] as Chanchal
*[[Balraj Sahni]] as Mr. Raichand
*Ramayan Tiwari
*[[P. Jairaj]]
*David Abraham as Guruji
*[[Murad (actor)|Murad]] as Emperor
*Chhaya
*Nasreen
*Nandini
*Gopal Sehgal
*Jagdish Raj
*[[Ruby Mayer]] as Dean of the girls' college
*[[Mumtaz Begum (actress)|Mumtaz Begum]]
*Sheela R.
*Sophia
*Shenaaz
*Apsara
*Abhimanyu Sharma
*Rajan Kapoor
*[[Nazir Kashmiri]]
*V.P. Verma
*Dev Chand
*Shribhagwan
*[[Bhushan Tiwari]]
*Vijay Maria

==Soundtrack==

The soundtrack of ''Neel Kamal'' were composed by [[Ravi Shankar Sharma]] and lyrics were provided by [[Sahir Ludhianvi]].<ref>[https://open.spotify.com/album/408mCuZnXYh7XgvrDPfPBQ Neel Kamal]. ''[[Spotify]]''.</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
!Track
!Song
!Performed By
!Lyrics
![[Raag]]
|-
|1
|"Rom Rom Mein Basne Waale Ram"
|[[Asha Bhosle]]
|[[Sahir Ludhianvi]]
|
|-
|2
|"Aaja Tujhko Pukare Mera Pyar"
|[[Mohammad Rafi]]
|Sahir Ludhianvi
|Pahadi
|-
|3
|"Yeh Zindagi Jo Ab Tak Thi Teri"
|Asha Bhosle
|Sahir Ludhianvi
|
|-
|4
|"Baabul Ki Duaayein Leti Jaa"
|Mohammad Rafi
|Sahir Ludhianvi
|
|-
|5
|"Sharma Ke Yun Na Dekh"
|Mohammed Rafi
|Sahir Ludhianvi
|
|-
|6
|"Dono Ke Vichkar Lagta"
|Asha Bhosle
|Sahir Ludhianvi
|
|-
|7
|"Khali Dabba Khali Botal"
|[[Manna Dey]]
|Sahir Ludhianvi
|
|}

==Awards and nominations==
;[[16th Filmfare Awards]]<nowiki>:</nowiki>
'''Won'''

* [[Filmfare Best Actress Award|Best Actress]] – [[Waheeda Rehman]]

'''Nominated'''

* [[Filmfare Award for Best Film|Best Film]] – Pannalal Maheshwari
* [[Filmfare Award for Best Director|Best Director]] – Ram Maheshwari
* [[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor|Best Supporting Actor]] – [[Raaj Kumar]]
* [[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress|Best Supporting Actress]] – [[Waheeda Rehman|Shashikala]]
* [[Filmfare Award for Best Performance in a Comic Role|Best Comedian]] – [[Mehmood (actor)|Mehmood]]
* [[Filmfare Award for Best Male Playback Singer|Best Male Playback Singer]] – [[Mohammad Rafi]] for "Baabul Ki Duaayein Leti Jaa"
* [[Filmfare Award for Best Story|Best Story]] – [[Gulshan Nanda]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|0148523|Neel Kamal}}

[[Category:1968 films]]
[[Category:1968 romance films]]
[[Category:1968 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:Films about reincarnation]]
[[Category:Films scored by Ravi]]
[[Category:Indian ghost films]]
[[Category:Indian romantic thriller films]]
[[Category:Films about sleep disorders]]

M. Sukumar

2026-03-17T15:52:45Z

GarnetWelton89:

{{Short description|Indian cinematographer}}
{{distinguish|M. Sukumaran}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2019}}
{{Infobox person
| name = M. Sukumar
| image = Kumki Latest Unseen Onlocation Stills.jpg
| image_size =
| caption =
| birth_date =
| birth_place =
| occupation = Cinematographer
| website =
| footnotes =
| years_active = 2006{{endash}}present
| relatives = [[M. Jeevan]] (brother)
}}

'''M. Sukumar''' is an Indian [[cinematographer]], who has worked in Tamil, Telugu, Kannada, and Hindi-language films.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cinestaan.com/people/m-sukumar-93952|title=M Sukumar movies, filmography, biography and songs - Cinestaan.com|website=Cinestaan}}</ref>

==Career==
Sukumar began his career in 1995 by assisting his brother [[M. Jeevan]], who had then, broken into the Tamil film industry as a photographer. While studying for his degree in agriculture, Sukumar stepped in to assist Jeevan for a shoot of [[Rajiv Menon]]'s ''[[Minsara Kanavu]]'' (1997).<ref name="bwd">{{cite web|url=http://behindwoods.com/tamil-cinematographer/sukumar/an-exclusive-interview-with-ace-cinematographer-sukumar.html|title = An exclusive interview with ace cinematographer, Sukumar}}</ref> He subsequently continued working as an assistant photographer in films including ''[[Minnale]]'' (2001), ''[[Samurai (2002 film)|Samurai]]'' (2002) and ''[[King (2002 film)|King]]'' (2002) and struck up a good relationship with the lead actor [[Vikram (actor)|Vikram]]. His association with Vikram later led to him being offered the role as the main photographer for the actor's films including ''[[Dhool]]'' (2003) and ''[[Majaa]]'' (2005).<ref name="bwd"/> While launching ''[[Kokki (film)|Kokki]]'' (2006), director [[Prabhu Solomon]] asked Sukumar to make his first foray into cinematography but his reluctance meant that his brother Jeevan, was handed the opportunity. Towards the end of the shoot, Jeevan became busy with other projects and Sukumar was brought in to work on a few portions in the film, including a song shoot in [[Chalakudi]].<ref name="bwd"/>

After ''Kokki'', he worked on other Prabhu Solomon films including ''[[Laadam]]'' (2009), ''[[Mynaa]]'' (2010) and ''[[Kumki (film)|Kumki]]'' (2012), the latter two, winning him acclaim and fetching him opportunities to work in big budget ventures. Critics described his work as "spellbinding", and both films became critical and commercial successes.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/kumki-review-tamil-15015385.html |title=Movie Review : Kumki |website=[[Sify]] |date= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140112170913/http://www.sify.com/movies/kumki-review-tamil-15015385.html |accessdate=2022-08-09|archive-date=12 January 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://behindwoods.com/new-videos/videos-q1-09/director-interview/prabhu-solomon.html |title=Prabhu Solomon - Tamil Cinema Director Interview - Prabhu Solomon | Kamal Haasan | Udayanidhi Stalin | Mynaa | Kamal |publisher=Behindwoods.com |date= |accessdate=2022-08-09}}</ref> His work in ''[[Maan Karate]]'' and ''[[Nimirndhu Nil]]'' (2014), meant that he was unable to continue working with Solomon in ''[[Kayal (film)|Kayal]]'' (2012). [[AR Murugadoss]] also picked Sukumar to work on a single song in his Hindi action film ''[[Holiday: A Soldier Is Never Off Duty|Holiday]]'' (2014), during a shoot in [[Rajasthan]].<ref name="bwd"/>

==Filmography==
{|class="wikitable sortableplainrowheaders"
|-
!scope="col" |Year
!scope="col" |Title
!scope="col" |Language
!scope="col" |Notes
|-
| 2006
|''[[Kokki (film)|Kokki]]''
| Tamil
| 1 song
|-
| rowspan="2" |2009
|''[[Laadam]]''
| Tamil
|
|-
| ''[[Madurai Sambavam]]''
| Tamil
|
|-
|rowspan="2" |2010
| ''[[Mynaa]]''
| Tamil
|
|-
| ''[[Veluthu Kattu]]''
| Tamil
|
|-
|rowspan="3" |2012
| ''[[Thadaiyara Thaakka]]''
| Tamil
|
|-
| ''[[Kumki (film)|Kumki]]''
| Tamil
|
|-
| ''[[Yaare Koogadali]]''
| Kannada
|
|-
|rowspan="4" |2014
|''[[Nimirndhu Nil]]''
| Tamil
|
|-
| ''[[Maan Karate]]''
| Tamil
|
|-
|''[[Holiday: A Soldier Is Never Off Duty|Holiday]]''
| Hindi
| 1 song
|-
| ''[[Mosakutty]]''
| Tamil
|
|-
|rowspan="4" |2015
|''[[Kaaki Sattai]]''
| Tamil
|
|-
| ''[[Janda Pai Kapiraju]]''
| Telugu
|
|-
| ''[[Thoppi]]''
| Tamil
|
|-
|''Kandupidi Kandupidi''
| Tamil
|
|-
|rowspan="3" |2016
|''[[Gethu]]''
| Tamil
|
|-
| ''[[Dharma Durai (2016 film)|Dharma Durai]]''
| Tamil
|
|-
|''[[Veera Sivaji]]''
| Tamil
|
|-
|2017
| ''[[Bairavaa]]''
| Tamil
|
|-
|rowspan="2" |2018
| ''[[Sketch (2018 film)|Sketch]]''
| Tamil
|
|-
| ''[[Chi La Sow]]''
| Telugu
|
|-
| 2019
| ''[[Manmadhudu 2]]''
| Telugu
|
|-
| 2020
| ''[[Varmaa]]''
| Tamil
|
|-
|rowspan="4" |2021
|''[[Ichata Vahanamulu Niluparadu]]''
| Telugu
|
|-
| ''[[Raame Aandalum Raavane Aandalum]]''
| Tamil
|
|-
| ''[[Republic (film)|Republic]]''
| Telugu
|
|-
| ''[[Thaen (film)|Thaen]]''
| Tamil
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |2022
| ''[[Maamanithan (film)|Maamanithan]]''
| Tamil
|
|-
| ''[[Yashoda (film)|Yashoda]]''
| Telugu
|
|-
| rowspan="3" |2024
| ''[[Singapore Saloon]]''
| Tamil
|
|-
| ''[[Rathnam (film)|Rathnam]]''
|Tamil
|
|-
| ''[[Thiru.Manickam]]''
|Tamil
|
|-
|rowspan="2" |2025 || ''[[Thalaivan Thalaivii]]'' || Tamil ||
|-
| ''[[Kumki 2]]'' || Tamil ||
|-
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb name|id=2625232}}

{{Tamil Nadu State Film Award Best Cinematography}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sukumar, M.}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Artists from Madurai]]
[[Category:Telugu film cinematographers]]
[[Category:Tamil cinematographers]]
[[Category:Malayalam film cinematographers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian photographers]]
[[Category:Cinematographers from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

Billa (2009 film)

2026-03-15T08:17:46Z

GarnetWelton89: basic update structure for consistency further

{{EngvarB|date=February 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2020}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Billa
| image = Billa Telugu Film Poster.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Meher Ramesh]]
| producer = D. Narendra Prabodh
| screenplay = Meher Ramesh
| based_on = {{Based on|[[Billa (2007 film)|''Billa'']] (2007)|[[Vishnuvardhan (director)]] and [[Salim–Javed]]}}
| starring = {{plainlist|
*[[Prabhas]]
*[[Krishnam Raju]]
*[[Anushka Shetty]]
*[[Namitha]]
*[[Rahman (actor)|Rahman]]
*[[Kelly Dorjee]]
}}
| narrator =
| music = [[Mani Sharma]]
| cinematography = [[Soundararajan (cinematographer)|Soundarrajan]]
| editing = [[Marthand K. Venkatesh]]
| studio = Gopi Krishna Movies
| distributor = [[Creative Commercials]]
| released = {{Film date|df=y|2009|4|3}}
| runtime = 154 minutes
| country = India
| language = Telugu
| budget = ₹12 crore
| gross = {{Estimation}} {{INR|26 [[crore]]}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=23 October 2017 |title=#Birthdayspecial: Before the grand success of Baahubali, Prabhas delivered these hits |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment/south-gossip/article/prabhas-hit-films-telugu-baahubali-billa-mr-perfect-darling-varsham-yogi-chatrapathi/160229 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200605142159/https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment/south-gossip/article/prabhas-hit-films-telugu-baahubali-billa-mr-perfect-darling-varsham-yogi-chatrapathi/160229 |archive-date=5 June 2020 |access-date=5 June 2020 |website=[[Times Now]]}}</ref>
}}

'''''Billa''''' is a 2009 Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[action thriller film]] directed by [[Meher Ramesh]]. The film stars [[Prabhas]] in a dual role alongside [[Krishnam Raju]], [[Anushka Shetty]], [[Namitha]], [[Rahman (actor)|Rahman]], and [[Kelly Dorjee]]. The [[Don (soundtrack)|soundtrack]] was composed by [[Mani Sharma]]. It is the remake of 2007 [[Tamil language]] film ''[[Billa (2007 film)|Billa]]'', which itself is a remake of 1980 film ''[[Billa (1980 film)|Billa]]'', and that itself was a remake of 1978 [[Hindi]] film ''[[Don (1978 film)|Don]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 April 2009 |title='Billa', fourth remake of Hindi original 'Don', creates history |url=https://zeenews.india.com/entertainment/bollywood/-billa-fourth-remake-of-hindi-original-don-creates-history_28019.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220121135121/https://zeenews.india.com/entertainment/bollywood/-billa-fourth-remake-of-hindi-original-don-creates-history_28019.html |archive-date=21 January 2022 |access-date=21 January 2022 |website=[[Zee News]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2009-04-04 |title=Billa |url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/BILLA/article15928141.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220126161713/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/BILLA/article15928141.ece |archive-date=26 January 2022 |access-date=26 January 2022 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> The film follows the titular criminal's lookalike, a thief from [[Andhra Pradesh]] who replaces the don in [[Malaysia]] after he died in a high-speed chase. Tasked with infiltrating the [[mafia]], he embarks on a covert mission to gather intelligence on a major weapons deal.

The film began its production in October 2008 and was released and distributed worldwide by [[Creative Commercials]]. It was a moderate success at the box office.

== Plot ==
The story begins with an underworld don [[Billa (character)|Billa]] hiding and operating out of Malaysia, hiding from [[Interpol]]'s international criminal list. Krishnamoorthy, an ACP working for the Interpol, has spent the last few years looking for Billa, leaving behind a life in [[India]].
During a chase with the police, Billa is severely wounded after an accident, and dies in front of the [[Assistant Commissioner of Police|ACP]]. The ACP then secretly holds a funeral for Billa. Interpol Officer Dharmendra is assigned to work with the ACP to capture the elusive Billa as no-one knows of Billa's death. The ACP keeps the death of Billa as a secret even from his fellow officers, and tracks down a look-alike called Katikaranga (Ranga), a petty thief based in [[Visakhapatnam]]. He asks Ranga to infiltrate Billa's gang by pretending to be Billa. In return, he will make sure that the children Ranga adopted, Lakshmi and Sreenu, get a proper education in [[Hyderabad, India|Hyderabad]].

The ACP trains Ranga and sends him back to Billa's gang as a person who has lost his memory. Slowly Ranga starts to learn about Billa's gang and even speaks to Devil, Billa's boss, on the phone. He also gets attracted to one of the girl members of the gang, Maya (Anushka Shetty) who had been secretly plotting to kill Billa as he killed her brother Vikram and his fiancée Priya. Ranga then provides a pen drive with the secret information of the crime network to the ACP, but he is about to be killed by Maya who thinks he is Billa. At this juncture, the ACP arrives and tells her that he is Ranga and not Billa. Since then, she begins to assist Ranga and the ACP in their mission and soon falls in love with Ranga. Later before a party, Ranga secretly provides information to the ACP about a meeting of Billa's network, and Lisa, Billa's girlfriend, overhears his conversation. She challenges Ranga, but in the fight, he accidentally kills her. A shootout occurs at the party, and the ACP is secretly killed by someone, leaving his gun behind. Ranga finds the ACP's body and the gun, but is taken into the custody of the police team, now headed by Interpol Officer Dharmendra. He argues during interrogation that he is Ranga and not Billa to Dharmendra. Ranga mentions a piece of evidence – the pen drive, which may prove his innocence, but the pen drive is nowhere to be found.

Unable to prove his innocence, he escapes from a police van. He phones Dharmendra and asks him to meet at the Aero bridge. Here it is revealed that Dharmendra is none other than the Underworld Crime Don Devil, and he is the one who killed ACP Krishnamoorthy. While escaping from Devil's gang, he meets Officer Adithya, who apparently had the pen drive all along, and strikes a deal with Ranga to get hold of Devil. Meanwhile, Maya has been kidnapped by Devil after she tried to defend Ranga from Devil. Maya is tied up and kept in a car with her mouth taped shut. Ranga decides to pose as Billa to Devil, and provides Russian explosives to an arms dealer Rashid, who insisted on dealing with Billa. Enraged at being slighted by Rashid, following the completion of the deal, Devil and his henchman Ranjith fight with Ranga. Soon the police arrived and Devil, posing as Dharmendra, asks the police to arrest Ranga as Billa but gets shot by the squad of police and dies as the police have wired the entire conversation between Devil and Ranga, thus proving Ranga's innocence.

It ends with Ranga returning to Visakhapatnam with Maya, and deciding to start a school and college there with the government reward given to him and four suitcases of cash he stole from Billa's estate in [[Malaysia]].

== Cast ==
{{Cast listing|
* [[Prabhas]] in a [[dual role]] as:
** David Billa, a dreaded gangster and powerful don
** Ranga, a small-time petty thief
* [[Krishnam Raju]] as ACP Krishnamurthy, Interpol officer
* [[Anushka Shetty]] as Maya, Ranga's love interest
* [[Namitha]] as Lisa, Billa's love interest
* [[Rahman (actor)|Rahman]] as Devil / Interpol officer Dharmendra (fake)
* [[Riyaz Khan]] as Hassan Bhai
* [[Johnny Tri Nguyen]] as Lee Khai Tom
* [[Nawab Shah (actor)|Nawab Shah]] as Salman Khalid Bhai
* [[Adithya (actor)|Adithya]] as Inspector Aditya
* [[Kelly Dorjee]] as Shethan
* [[Supreeth]] as Ranjit, Billa's right hand and secondary antagonist
* [[Ali (actor)|Ali]] as Shankaram, Ranga's friend
* [[Prabhas Sreenu]] as a waiter in Shankaram's restaurant
* Phani as Ranga's friend
* [[Praveen (actor)|Praveen]] as Ranga's friend
;Cameo appearances
* [[Hansika Motwani]] as Priya
* [[Subbaraju]] as Vikram, Priya's fiancé, Maya's brother
* [[Jayasudha]] as Janaki, Krishnamurthy's wife
}}

== Production ==
===Development and casting===
During the making of ''[[Kantri]]'' (2008), actor [[N. T. Rama Rao Jr.]] expressed his intention of making [[Billa (2007 film)|''Billa'']] (2007) in Telugu following his grandfather [[N. T. Rama Rao]]'s ''[[Yugandhar]]'' (1979). [[Meher Ramesh]], however, felt that Rama Rao Jr. would not fit into the role at that stage of his career. Ramesh also explored the idea of making the film with [[Ravi Teja]], but dropped the idea due to budget constraints.<ref name="idlebrain1" /> Ramesh later approached [[Prabhas]] who was excited to work for the project. Prabhas' uncle, [[Krishnam Raju]], was also on board for a pivotal role, marking their first on-screen collaboration. Ramesh cast [[Anushka Shetty]] as the female lead. Shetty worked for over two months to slim down for the role. [[Hansika Motwani]] readily agreed to act in the film when suggested by Ramesh. [[Namitha]], like Shetty, lost weight before signing the film.<ref name="idlebrain1" /> Meher wanted either [[Sameer Reddy]] or [[Chota K. Naidu]] for the cinematography, but due to non-availability of dates from the both of them, [[Soundararajan (cinematographer)|Soundararajan]] was chosen instead, marking his debut in [[Telugu cinema]].<ref name="idlebrain1" />

===Filming===
[[File:Langkawi sky bridge.jpg|thumb|Filming was also at the [[Langkawi Sky Bridge|Langkawi sky bridge]].]]
The film was launched at Gopikrishna Pictures office on October 9, 2008.<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 October 2008 |title=Billa movie launch |url=https://www.idlebrain.com/news/functions/muhurat-billa.html |access-date=6 January 2023 |website=Idlebrain}}</ref> The film was shot extensively in Malaysia for three months. Filming was completed in 104 working days.<ref name="idlebrain1">{{Cite web |date=2 April 2009 |title=Chitchat with Meher Ramesh |url=http://www.idlebrain.com/news/2000march20/chitchat-meherramesh.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924051909/http://www.idlebrain.com/news/2000march20/chitchat-meherramesh.html |archive-date=24 September 2015 |access-date=3 August 2015 |website=[[Idlebrain.com]]}}</ref>

== Music ==
The film's score and soundtrack was composed by Mani Sharma. The audio launch of Billa was held at [[Shilpakala Vedika]] on 18 March 2009 with [[Dasari Narayana Rao]], [[S. S. Rajamouli]], [[V. V. Vinayak]], [[Tottempudi Gopichand|Gopichand]] and [[Allu Arjun]] as guests. [[Dasari Narayana Rao]] launched the music. The audio rights was bagged by [[Lahari Music]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 March 2009 |title=Billa music launch |url=http://www.idlebrain.com/news/functions/audio-billa.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121120014941/http://www.idlebrain.com/news/functions/audio-billa.html |archive-date=20 November 2012 |access-date=3 August 2015 |website=[[Idlebrain.com]]}}</ref> The song "My Name is Billa" was later re-used by Sharma for the Tamil film ''[[Sura (film)|Sura]]'' (2010) as "Naan Nadanthaal Adhiradi" and "Bommali " as "Thanjavoor Jillakkaari".<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 April 2010 |title=Review: Sura's music is for Vijay fans |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/review/south-tamil-music-review-sura/20100401.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170731190240/http://www.rediff.com/movies/review/south-tamil-music-review-sura/20100401.htm |archive-date=31 July 2017 |access-date=31 July 2017 |website=[[Rediff.com]]}}</ref>
{{Track listing
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Artist(s)
| total_length = 25:54
| title1 = Hariloranga Hari
| lyrics1 = [[Ramajogayya Sastry]]
| extra1 = [[Mano (singer)|Mano]], [[Ranjith (singer)|Ranjith]], Kannan
| length1 = 4:07
| title2 = Ellora Shilpanni
| lyrics2 = Ramajogayya Sastry
| extra2 = [[Rita (Indian singer)|Rita]]
| length2 = 4:06
| title3 = Billa Theme Song
| lyrics3 = [[Meher Ramesh]]
| extra3 = [[Ranjith (singer)|Ranjith]], [[Rahul Nambiar]]
| length3 = 4:30
| title4 = Bommali
| lyrics4 = Ramajogayya Sastry
| extra4 = [[Vedala Hemachandra|Hemachandra]], [[Malavika (singer)|Malavika]]
| length4 = 5:15
| title5 = Ne Pataasu
| lyrics5 = [[Bhaskarabhatla Ravi Kumar|Bhaskarabhatla]]
| extra5 = [[Rita (Indian singer)|Rita]], [[Rahul Nambiar]]
| length5 = 3:59
| title6 = My Name is Billa
| lyrics6 = Ramajogayya Sastry
| extra6 = [[Ranjith (singer)|Ranjith]], Naveen Madhav
| length6 = 3:57
}}

== Release and reception==
The film was released on 3 April 2009.

Jeevi of ''Idlebrain'' stated "First half of the film is alright" but found the second half "a little disappointing" and "prolonged", while also stating "Prabhas’s makeover and styling as Billa and good production values" as positive points but "on the flip side, the second half should have been effectively handled."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jeevi |date=3 April 2009 |title=Billa review - Telugu cinema review - Prabhas, Anuska, Namitha |url=https://www.idlebrain.com/movie/archive/mr-billa.html |access-date=6 January 2023 |website=Idlebrain}}</ref> ''Times of India'' wrote "If director Meher Ramesh believes that pretty damsels, exotic locales, swanky cars and stylised shots are the ingredients for a blockbuster, then he is grossly mistaken. Billa, the Telugu remake of Don, has more style than substance, and though Prabhas gives an impressive performance as a suave ruthless don".<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 April 2009 |title=Billa Movie review {2/5}: Critic review of Billa |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movie-reviews/billa/movie-review/4359200.cms |access-date=6 January 2023 |website=Times of India}}</ref> A critic from ''[[Bangalore Mirror]]'' wrote that "Ramesh’s Billa is an extremely ‘stylish’ movie by Telugu standards. Most parts have been shot at scenic locales in Malaysia. Prabhas has toned his body well and is a treat to watch".<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 April 2009 |title=''Billa'': Same old, same old |url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/reviews/billa-same-old-same-old/articleshow/22177788.cms |access-date=20 October 2024 |website=[[Bangalore Mirror]]}}</ref>

A re-mastered 4K version was re-released in theatres on 2 October 2022, on the occasion of Prabhas's 43rd birthday. The film is releasing in over 70 locations across the United States. This is the most extensive list of theatres and record-level theatres among re-released Telugu movies.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |date=2022-10-22 |title=Pan India Rebel Star Prabhas' "Billa 4K" takes a massive release in the US |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/pan-india-rebel-star-prabhas-billa-4k-takes-a-massive-release-in-the-us/articleshow/95025773.cms |access-date=2024-08-02 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{IMDb title|tt1525323}}

{{Don And Remakes|state=expanded}}
{{Meher Ramesh}}
{{Krishnam Raju}}
{{Salim–Javed}}

[[Category:2000s crime action films]]
[[Category:2009 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:2009 crime thriller films]]
[[Category:2009 films]]
[[Category:Films about lookalikes]]
[[Category:Films about organised crime in India]]
[[Category:Films directed by Meher Ramesh]]
[[Category:Films produced by Krishnam Raju]]
[[Category:Films scored by Mani Sharma]]
[[Category:Films set in Malaysia]]
[[Category:Films shot in Kuala Lumpur]]
[[Category:Films shot in Malaysia]]
[[Category:Films shot in Visakhapatnam]]
[[Category:Films with screenplays by Salim–Javed]]
[[Category:Indian crime action films]]
[[Category:Indian crime thriller films]]
[[Category:Indian gangster films]]
[[Category:Reboot films]]
[[Category:Telugu remakes of Hindi films]]
[[Category:Films about Interpol]]
[[Category:Films about the illegal drug trade]]
[[Category:Films about the Narcotics Control Bureau]]
[[Category:Fictional portrayals of the Andhra Pradesh Police]]
[[Category:Films set in Hyderabad, India]]
[[Category:Films set in Visakhapatnam]]

Shyambazar

2026-03-12T13:01:05Z

GarnetWelton89: created some post w/ infobox!

{{for|the place in Hooghly|Shyambazar, Hooghly}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2018}}
{{refimprove|date=January 2026}}
{{Infobox settlement


| name = Shyambazar 
| official_name =
| native_name = 
| other_name =
| settlement_type = Neighbourhood in Kolkata (Calcutta) 

| image_skyline = Kolkata Shyambazar Panchmatha2.jpg
| image_caption = Shyambazar five point crossing with the statue of [[Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose]]
| image_flag =
| image_seal =
| image_shield =
| nickname =
| motto =
| image_map =
| mapsize =
| map_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Kolkata
| pushpin_label_position = 
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Kolkata
| coordinates = {{coord|22.601|N|88.374|E|region:IN-WB|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
| coor_type = 

| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{IND}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[West Bengal]]
| subdivision_type2 = City
| subdivision_name2 = [[Kolkata]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[List of districts of West Bengal|District]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Kolkata district|Kolkata]]
| subdivision_type4 = [[Kolkata Metro|Metro Station]]
| subdivision_name4 = [[Shyambazaar metro station|Shyambazar]]
| subdivision_type5 =
| subdivision_name5 =
| subdivision_type6 =
| subdivision_name6 =
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| government_type =

|seat_type = [[Municipal Corporation]]
|seat = [[Kolkata Municipal Corporation]]
|parts_type = [[Kolkata Municipal Corporation|KMC]] wards
|parts_style = 
|parts = [[Ward No. 10, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|10]], [[Ward No. 11, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|11]], [[Ward No. 12, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|12]]
|p1 =
|p2 = 

| government_footnotes =
| leader_title =
| leader_name =
| total_type = 

| unit_pref = Imperial
| area_footnotes =
| area_total_km2 = 
| area_land_km2 = 
| area_water_km2 =
| area_water_percent =

| elevation_footnotes = 
| elevation_m =
| elevation_ft = 36
| elevation_max_m =
| elevation_min_m =

| population_footnotes =
| population_total = For population see linked KMC ward pages
| population_as_of =
| population_density_km2 = 
| population_note =

| timezone = IST
| utc_offset = +5:30
| timezone_DST =
| utc_offset_DST =

| postal_code_type = PIN
| postal_code = 700004
| area_code = +91 33
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Kolkata Uttar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kolkata Uttar]]
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency
| blank2_info_sec1 = [[Shyampukur (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Shyampukur]] and [[Maniktala (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Maniktala]]
| website =
| footnotes =
}}
'''Shyambazar''' is a prominent neighbourhood of [[North Kolkata]], in [[Kolkata district]] in the Indian [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[West Bengal]]. The popularity of Shyambazar five point crossing is due to the [[Subhas Chandra Bose statue (Shyambazar, Kolkata)|statue of Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose]]. It is one of the busiest and most important junctions in North Kolkata.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.mapsofindia.com/kolkata/shopping-areas/shyam-bazar.html|title=Map of Shyambazar|publisher=Maps of India|access-date=12 October 2025}}</ref>

Shyambazar broadly covers Ward Nos.[[Ward No. 10, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|10]], [[Ward No. 11, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|11]], and [[Ward No. 12, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|12]] of the [[Kolkata Municipal Corporation]].<ref>Map no. 7, Detail Maps of 141 Wards of Kolkata, D.R. Publication and Sales Concern, 66 College Street, Kolkata – 700073.</ref>

The Japanese dropped a bomb near Hatibagan market during [[World War II]] but it did not explode.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.thestatesman.net/page.arcview.php?clid=6&id=26469&usrsess=1 | title = Hatibagan Market: Too strong for WW II, too weak for fire| access-date = 2007-08-16 | work = Bengal | publisher = The Statesman, 17 May 2002 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070926214054/http://www.thestatesman.net/page.arcview.php?clid=6&id=26469&usrsess=1  |archive-date = 2007-09-26}}</ref>

==Etymology==
There was a big market in the area, which [[John Zephaniah Holwell]] called Charles Bazar. The present designation was conferred upon it by Sobharam Basak, in honour of his ''[[Kuladevata]]'', [[Krishna|Shyam-rai]]. The Basaks and the Setts were amongst the first to have settled in [[Sutanuti]], after having cleared the jungles. Sobharam Basak was one of the wealthiest native inhabitants of 18th century Kolkata.<ref>Cotton, H.E.A., ''Calcutta Old and New'', 1909/1980, p. 291, General Printers and Publishers Pvt. Ltd.</ref>
{{OSM Location map 
| coord = {{coord|22.601|88.374}} 
| zoom = 15 
| label = Shyambazar
| mark-coord = {{coord|22.601|88.374}}
| label-pos = right
| float = left
}}

==Five-point Crossing==
Growth and development of the neighbourhood and surrounding localities largely followed the construction of roads that opened up the area. The Oldest road in the crossing is [[Jessore Road]] ([[National Highway 12 (India)|National Highway 12]]). Sutanuti had no roads, except the pilgrim path extending across it from [[Halisahar]] to [[Barisha, Kolkata|Barisha]]. Chitpur Road (renamed Rabindra Sarani) was developed along this path. It passes through neighbouring [[Bagbazar]] and [[Chitpur]]. Road construction picked up in the early 19th century. The Lottery Commission (1817) and its successor the Lottery Committee (1836) opened up the native parts of old Kolkata. The main axial thrusts were from south to the north, parallel to the existing [[Chowringhee Road|Chowringhee]]{{spaced ndash}}[[Chitpur]] alignment.<ref name = "Lahiri Choudhury">Lahiri Choudhury, Dhriti Kanta, ''Trends in Calcutta Architecture'', in ''Calcutta, the Living City'', Vol I, p.171</ref>

The three-mile long [[Maratha Ditch]] was excavated in 1742 as a protection against the marauding [[Marathi people|Maratha]] soldiers then foraging in the countryside but who never came.<ref>Lahiri Choudhury, Dhriti Kanta, p 157</ref> It was filled up in 1799 to build the Circular Road,<ref name = "Nair1">Nair, P. Thankappan in ''The Growth and Development of Old Calcutta'', in ''Calcutta, the Living City'', Vol. I, edited by [[Sukanta Chaudhuri]], pp. 13–17, Oxford University Press, {{ISBN|978-0-19-563696-3}}.</ref> that ran from Shyambazar, right around old Kolkata, covering the southern end of the [[Maidan (Kolkata)|Maidan]]. It was metalled in the early 19th century. Around the same time, the most important axial thoroughfare from south to north — Wood Street (portion renamed Dr. Martin Luther King Sarani), Wellesley Street (renamed Rafi Ahmed Kidwai Road), Wellington Street (renamed Nirmal Chandra Sarani) and [[College Street, Kolkata|College Street]] — was built by the Lottery Committee. The new road to [[Barrackpore]] (now called [[Barrackpore Trunk Road]]), Cornwallis Street (now called [[Bidhan Sarani]]), Upper Circular Road (now called [[AJC Bose Road & APC Road|Acharya Prafulla Chandra Road]]) and the extension of [[Chittaranjan Avenue|Central Avenue]] (the Shyambazar end is now called Bhupendra Bose Avenue), which was built by the Kolkata Improvement Trust formed in 1911, also converged on the same point, making Shyambazar five-point crossing and one of the busiest street crossings in Kolkata.<ref name = "Nair2">Nair, P.Thankappan, ''Civic and Public Services in Old Calcutta'', in ''Calcutta, the Living City'', Vol I, pp. 235-6</ref> Shyambazar is connected to [[Tala, Kolkata|Tala]] and Paikpara with Barrackpore Bridge (over a canal) and Hemanta Setu (Tala Rail Overbridge)<ref>{{cite web|title=Tala Bridge|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/tallah-vignettes-in-movie-magic/articleshow/74143528.cms}}</ref> along [[Barrackpore Trunk Road]] (B.T. Road).<ref name='Gm'>Google maps</ref> Tala Bridge was firstly inaugurated in 1936.<ref>{{cite web|title=Bridges of Kolkata|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/the-ill-health-of-calcutta-bridges-spells-much-more-than-logistical-doom/cid/1719743}}</ref>

Horse drawn [[tram]] cars were introduced up to Shyambazar in 1882 and in 1899, [[Calcutta Tramways Company|Calcutta Tramways Company Limited]] introduced electric traction. In 1902 the entire system was electrified. Subsequently, tramways were extended to Belgachia. In 1941, tram tracks were laid along Circular Road. Circular Road had a garbage clearance light railway up to the early fifties. For many years tram cars were the only form of mass transport in Kolkata. Although the first motor car appeared in Kolkata in 1896, motor bus services started only in 1920.<ref name = "Nair2"/> Shyambazar tram depot is on [[Bidhan Sarani]], near the five-point crossing. [[Trams in Kolkata|Kolkata tram]] route no. 5 starts from here.<ref name='Gm'/>

The [[Shyambazar metro station]] of [[Kolkata Metro]] is also located at Shyambazar five{{spaced ndash}}point crossing. Belgachia{{spaced ndash}}Shyambazar section, along with Dum Dum{{spaced ndash}}Belgachia stretch, was opened on 13 August 1994 and the Shyambazar{{spaced ndash}}Shovabazar{{spaced ndash}}Girish Park and Chandni Chowk{{spaced ndash}}Central sections were opened on 19 February 1995. Services on the entire stretch of Metro, from Dum Dum to Tollygunge were introduced from 27 September 1995.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.kolmetro.com/history.html | title = Metro Railway, Kolkata | access-date = 2007-08-16 | work = History | publisher = Kolkata Metro | url-status = usurped |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070730220311/http://www.kolmetro.com/history.html  |archive-date = 2007-07-30}}</ref> While most of the metro railway was constructed by the cut and cover process, the Shyambazar{{spaced ndash}}Belgachia stretch was constructed by tunnelling.

== Transport ==
{{One source section|date=January 2026}}
A large number of buses ply through Shyambazar Five Point Crossing are as follows:
=== WBTC Bus ===
* AC 54 (Rathtala - Howrah Stn)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youfindgo.com/listing/ac-54-bus-services/|title=AC 54 Bus Services|publisher=You Find Go|access-date=18 September 2025}}</ref>
* S 9A (Dunlop - Ballygunge Stn)
* E-32 (Nilgunge Depot - Howrah Stn)
* AC-54B (Barrackpore - Howrah Stn)
* ACT-32 (Barrackpore - Howrah Stn)
* ACT-36 (Belgachia - Ecospace)
* D-36 (Belgachia - Ecospace)
* D-36A (Belgachia - Ecospace)
* S 69 (Cossipore - Santragachi)
* S 10 (Airport - Nabanna)
* S 21 (Baghbazar - Garia)
* S 45 (Baghbazar - Shakuntala Park)
* S 11 (Barrackpore - Esplanade)
* S 57 (Ariadaha - Nabanna)
* AC 20 (Barrackpore - Santragachi)
* AC 40 (Airport - Howrah Maidan)
* S 32 (Barrackpore - Howrah Stn)

=== Private Bus ===

* 3B (Milk Colony - New Alipore)
* 3D (Milk Colony - Sakherbazar)
* 3C/1 (Nagerbazar - Anandapur)
* 30D (Dum Dum Cant - Babughat)
* 30B (Gouripur - Babughat)
* 30C (Hatiara - Babughat)
* 47B (Lake Town - Kasba Dhanmath)
* 79B (Barasat - Baghbazar)
* 219 (Nagerbazar - Howrah Stn)
* 219/1 (Nagerbazar - Howrah Stn)
* 202 (Nagerbazar - Science City)
* 211A (Ahiritola - Langolpota)
* 215/1 (Lake Town - Howrah Stn)
* 227 (Bangur Ave - B.N.R)
* KB-16 (Bangur Ave - Shapoorji)
* KB-22 (Kolkata station - Jamirgachi)
* KB-24 (Kolkata station - Hatisala)
* K-4 (Dakshineswar - Ruby)
* 30A (Sinthee More - Esplanade)
* 32A (Dakshineswar - Salt Lake Sector V)
* 34C (Noapara - Esplanade)
* 78 (Barrackpore - Esplanade)
* 78/1 (Rahara - Babughat)
* 201 (Nimta - Salt Lake Sector V)
* 214 (Sajirhat - Babughat)
* 214A (Sodepur Girja - Esplanade)
* 222 (Bon-Hooghly - Behala Chowrasta)
* 230 (Kamarhati - Alipur Zoo)
* 234 (Belgharia - Golf Green)
* 234/1 (Belgharia - Golf Green)
* S-139 Mini (Shyambazar - Babughat)
* S-164 Mini (Tobin Road - BBD Bag)
* S-168 Mini (Nagerbazar - Howrah)
* S-180 Mini (Belgharia - Howrah Fire Service)
* S-185 Mini (Nimta Paikpara - Howrah Stn)
* Barrackpore - Howrah Stn Bus
* Madhyamgram - Howrah Stn Bus
* Paikpara - Garia Stn Bus
* Baghbazar - Garia Stn Bus
* Shyambazar - Bagnan Bus
* 93 (Kharibari - Baghbazar)
* 91 (Bhangar - Shyambazar)
* 91C (Lauhati - Shyambazar)
* 91A (Harao Banstala - Shyambazar)
* DN-18 (Baduria - Shyambazar)

=== Railways ===

[[Kolkata railway station]] is nearby, which is one of the 5 major railway hub stations of [[Kolkata Metropolitan Area]].

[[Shyambazar metro station]] is the nearest metro station of [[Kolkata Metro]].

==Commerce==
Shyambazar is the focal point of shopping in north Kolkata. In fabrics and clothing, it can match [[College Street (Kolkata)|College Street]]-[[Mahatma Gandhi Road, Kolkata|MG Road]] crossing in Central Kolkata or [[Gariahat Road|Gariahat]] in South Kolkata. In Jewellery, it can match [[Bowbazar]] in Central Calcutta or [[Gariahat Road|Gariahat]] in South Kolkata. The once famous house of jewellers, M B Sircar of Shyambazar, Senco Gold, has given way to numerous shops of descendants using variations of the name, all across the city.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://cityofpalaces.tripod.com/shopping.htm | title = Shopping | access-date = 2007-08-16 | publisher = Focus Calcutta Initiative, Inc}}</ref> In Fariapukur which is an important street connecting [[Bidhan Sarani]] and [[AJC Bose Road & APC Road|APC road]], there was once the office of Bichitra Press where [[Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay]] sometimes visited.

Many renowned Jewelry brand shops are located on the two sides of [[Bidhan Sarani]]. Braving the scorching afternoon heat and drizzles in the evening, people throng at roadside shops for the [[Chaitra]] sale offering attractive concessions. Shyambazar vies with [[New Market, Calcutta|New Market]] and Gariahat as the most crowded markets in Kolkata.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.thestatesman.net/page.arcview.php?clid=22&id=180994&usrsess=1 | title = Time for merriment | access-date = 2007-08-16 | last = Ghosh | first = Arunima | work = Kolkata Plus | publisher = The Statesman, 4 April 2007 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070929103118/http://www.thestatesman.net/page.arcview.php?clid=22&id=180994&usrsess=1  |archive-date = 2007-09-29}}</ref> The Shyambazar{{spaced ndash}}[[Hatibagan]] area also caters extensively to customers on the eve of [[Durga Puja]] and for weddings, apart from daily necessities. A newspaper columnist wrote, "A formidable matron with husband and children in tow wading through the crowds at Gariahat and Shyambazar is a familiar sight on the eve of [[Pohela Baisakh|Poila Baishakh]]."<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.thestatesman.net/page.arcview.php?clid=11&id=142025&usrsess=1 | title = Bengali new year | access-date = 2007-08-16 | work = Notebook | publisher = The Statesman 10 April 2006 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070929091355/http://www.thestatesman.net/page.arcview.php?clid=11&id=142025&usrsess=1  |archive-date = 2007-09-29}}</ref>

Shyambazar has two regular markets — Shyambazar and [[Hatibagan]].<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.thestatesman.net/page.arcview.php?clid=23&id=112629&usrsess=1 | title = State to regulate hawker movement in Kolkata | access-date = 2007-08-16 | publisher = The Statesman, 28 July 2005 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070926214313/http://www.thestatesman.net/page.arcview.php?clid=23&id=112629&usrsess=1  |archive-date = 2007-09-26}}</ref>

== Medical facilities ==
{{Unreferenced section|date=January 2026}}
[[File:R.G. Kar Medical College.jpg|thumb|[[R. G. Kar Medical College and Hospital]]]]
Shyambazar is also the focal point of medical treatment for the North Kolkata and its Suburban areas. [[R. G. Kar Medical College and Hospital]], one of the biggest and oldest medical college in Kolkata is located close to Shyambazar Five Point crossing. The area is also crowded with nursing homes and famous are Life Line, Dreamland Nursing Home, North Land Nursing Homes, Nirnoy Nursing Homes. Renowned private hospitals like Navajeevan Hospital, Sanjeevani hospital are also located here. N.C. Paul Clinic, Serum Analysis Center, Doyen diagnostic centers are in Shyambazar area.

==Sports==
As Shyambazar is a crowded residential and shopping locality, there are few play grounds here. However, [[Mohun Bagan AC]], one of Kolkata's leading sports clubs, had its first play ground at what is now Mohun Bagan Row. A plaque announces that the first play ground was in Mohun Bagan Villa from 1889 to 1892. Kolkata has a deep passion for football but other sports too have developed with time and have gained their share of importance and popularity as well. Tennis is one of them. Shyambazar Tennis Club operates regularly at Deshbandhu Park.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.asiarooms.com/travel-guide/india/kolkata/entertainment-&-recreation-in-kolkata/sports-in-kolkata/tennis-in-kolkata.html | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070927103744/http://www.asiarooms.com/travel-guide/india/kolkata/entertainment-&-recreation-in-kolkata/sports-in-kolkata/tennis-in-kolkata.html | url-status = usurped | archive-date = 27 September 2007 | title = Shopping | access-date = 2007-08-16 | publisher = Asia Rooms.com}}</ref>
==Education==
[[J.B. Roy State Ayurvedic Medical College & Hospital]]

==Entertainment==
Shyambazar has traditionally been an entertainment neighbourhood. Nabin Chandra Basu staged the first Bengali production ''Bidyasundar'' at his Shyambazar home theatre in 1835.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.catchcal.com/kaleidoscope/calcutta_theatre/introduction.asp
|title = Introduction | access-date = 2007-08-16 | publisher = Catchcal}}</ref> Later in the 19th century, crucial roles were played by Bagbazar Amateur Theatre and Shyambazar Natya Samaj, in highlighting the demand for public commercial theatres open to the public, as opposed to private home theatres of the rich.<ref>Raha, Kiranmay, ''Calcutta Theatre 1835-1944'', in ''Calcutta, the Living City'', Vol I, p. 188</ref>

[[Nandikar]], one of the leading theatre groups in Kolkata is based in Shyambazar.<ref>{{cite web
| url = http://www.karmayog.org/nonprofits/nposubcatdisplay.asp?r=235&sucatid=266
| title = Nandikar Inc
| access-date = 2007-08-16
| publisher = Karmayog
| archive-date = 28 September 2007
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070928070912/http://www.karmayog.org/nonprofits/nposubcatdisplay.asp?r=235&sucatid=266
| url-status = dead
}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category}}
*{{Wikivoyage-inline|Kolkata/North Kolkata}}

{{Kolkata neighbourhoods}}

[[Category:Neighbourhoods in Kolkata]]
[[Category:Shopping districts and streets in India]]

Manur taluk (Tirunelveli)

2026-03-12T04:06:04Z

GarnetWelton89:

'''Manur taluk''' ([[ Tamil language|Tamil]] :மானூர் வட்டம்) is one of the 8 taluks of [[Tirunelveli district]] of [[Tamil Nadu]].<ref>{{cite news |title=GOs on formation of five new districts issued |url=https://www.dtnext.in/News/TamilNadu/2019/11/14050907/1197502/GOs-on-formation-of-five-new-districts-issued.vpf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210811172752/https://www.dtnext.in/News/TamilNadu/2019/11/14050907/1197502/GOs-on-formation-of-five-new-districts-issued.vpf |url-status=dead |archive-date=11 August 2021 |access-date=11 August 2021 |work=dtNext.in |date=14 November 2019 |language=en}}</ref> The taluk is Administered by the Tahsildar office located in Manur. Manur [[Panchayat union]] is in this taluk. There are 32 [[Revenue Village]]s in the newly created manur taluk. The headquarters of the taluk is [[Manur (Tirunelveli)|Manur]]. This taluk consists of 3 Firka [[taluk]]s namely Manur, Thalayuthu and Vannikonendal.<ref>[https://tirunelveli.nic.in/revenue-administration/ Manur Taluk Revenue Villages and Administration]</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Tirunelveli district}}
{{Tamil Nadu}}

{{coord missing|Tamil Nadu}}

[[Category:Tirunelveli district]]
[[Category:Taluks of Thirunelveli district]]

{{Tirunelveli-geo-stub}}

K. Keshava Rao

2026-03-11T07:00:23Z

GarnetWelton89: Updated formatting and sections

{{short description|Indian politician (born 1939)}}
{{BLP sources|date=June 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2019}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = K. Keshava Rao
| native_name =
| image = K.Keshav Rao DSC 9164 CROPPED.jpg
| caption =
| birth_name = Kancherla Keshava Rao
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1939|04|04|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Mahbubabad]], [[Hyderabad State]], [[British Raj|British India]] (present{{endash}}day [[Telangana]], India)
| death_date =
| death_place =
| office = [[Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha]]
| term_start = 10 April 2020
| term_end = 5 July 2024
| predecessor = ''Himself''
| successor = [[Abhishek Singhvi]]
| constituency = [[List of Rajya Sabha members from Telangana| Telangana]]
| term_start1 = 10 April 2014
| term_end1 = 9 April 2020
| predecessor1 = [[Nandi Yellaiah]]
| successor1 = ''Himself''
| constituency1 = * [[List of Rajya Sabha members from Andhra Pradesh| Andhra Pradesh]]
* [[List of Rajya Sabha members from Telangana| Telangana]]
| term_start2 = 3 April 2006
| term_end2 = 2 April 2012
| predecessor2 = Alladi P Rajkumar
| successor2 = [[Renuka Chowdhury]]
| constituency2 = [[List of Rajya Sabha members from Andhra Pradesh| Andhra Pradesh]]
| office3 = 32th [[Andhra Pradesh Congress Committee| President of the Andhra Pradesh Congress Committee]]
| term_start3 = 2005
| term_end3 = 2008
| 1blankname3 = [[All India Congress Committee| AICC]] President
| 1namedata3 = [[Sonia Gandhi]]
| predecessor3 = [[Dharmapuri Srinivas]]
| successor3 = Dharmapuri Srinivas
| office4 = [[Andhra Pradesh Legislative Council| Deputy Chairman Andhra Pradesh Legislative Council]]
| term_start4 = 1979
| term_end4 = 1980
| 1blankname4 = Chairman
| 1namedata4 = Syed Mukasheer Shah
| 2blankname4 = Leader of the House
| 2namedata4 = [[Marri Chenna Reddy]]
| constituency4 = [[Andhra Pradesh]]
| office5 = [[Andhra Pradesh Legislative Council| Member of Legislative Council Andhra Pradesh]]
| term_start5 = 1979
| term_end5 = 1985
| 1blankname5 = Chairman
| 1namedata5 = Syed Mukasheer Shah
| 2blankname5 = Leader of the House
| 2namedata5 = [[Marri Chenna Reddy]]
| constituency5 = [[Andhra Pradesh]]
| nationality = Indian
| party = [[Indian National Congress]] (till May 2013; 2024{{endash}}present)
| residence = 312, Telangana Bhawan, New Delhi
| alma_mater = [[Osmania University]] Badruka College
| signature =
| spouse = Vasanta Kumari
| children = 4; including [[Gadwal Vijayalakshmi]]
| occupation = Political and Social Worker, Journalist and Educationist
| source = http://164.100.24.167:8080/members/website/Mainweb.asp?mpcode=1998
| otherparty = [[Bharat Rashtra Samithi]] (May 2013{{endash}}2024)
}}
'''Kancherla Keshava Rao''', popularly known as '''KK''' (born 4 June 1939), is an Indian politician from the [[Indian National Congress]] party. He previously served as a member of the [[Rajya Sabha]], the upper house of the [[Indian Parliament]] from 2014 to 2024 and previously from 2006 to 2012.

Rao served as the [[Andhra Pradesh Congress Committee]] (APCC) president in the mid-2000s, during the tenure of late Chief Minister [[YS Rajasekhara Reddy]] in Andhra Pradesh. He joined the [[Bharat Rashtra Samithi]] (BRS), then Telangana Rashtra Samithi (TRS) in 2013 and served as the party secretary general. He was re-elected to Rajya Sabha in 2014 representing [[Andhra Pradesh]].<ref>{{cite news |date=7 February 2014 |title=Subbarami Reddy, Keshava Rao elected to Rajya Sabha from Andhra |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/subbarami-reddy-keshava-rao-elected-to-rajya-sabha-from-andhra-114020701428_1.html |accessdate=24 June 2019 |newspaper=Business Standard |agency=IANS}}</ref> Despite being from [[Telangana]] he was assigned to Andhra Pradesh because of the lot method used to assign [[Rajya Sabha]] members for the newly created [[Telangana]] and residual [[Andhra Pradesh]]. In 2020, he was again re-elected for a six-year term representing [[Telangana]].<ref name="KCR re-nominates Keshav Rao to RS for federal front">{{cite news |title=KCR re-nominates Keshav Rao to RS for federal front |url=https://sundayguardianlive.com/news/kcr-re-nominates-keshav-rao-rs-federal-front#google_vignette |access-date=3 July 2024 |date=14 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240703181136/https://sundayguardianlive.com/news/kcr-re-nominates-keshav-rao-rs-federal-front#google_vignette |archive-date=3 July 2024}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=India |first=The Hans |date=2020-03-19 |title=K Keshava Rao, Suresh Reddy elected to Rajya Sabha |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/telangana/k-keshava-rao-suresh-reddy-elected-to-rajya-sabha-612736 |website=[[The Hans India]]}}</ref><ref name="K Keshava Rao leaves BRS floundering, to join Congress">{{cite news |last1=The New Indian Express |first1= |date=29 March 2024 |title=K Keshava Rao leaves BRS floundering, to join Congress |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/telangana/2024/Mar/29/k-keshava-rao-leaves-brs-floundering-to-join-congress |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240413180908/https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/telangana/2024/Mar/29/k-keshava-rao-leaves-brs-floundering-to-join-congress |archive-date=13 April 2024 |access-date=13 April 2024 |language=en}}</ref>

K. Keshava Rao rejoined Congress party on 3 July 2024 in the presence of [[All India Congress Committee]] (AICC) president [[Mallikarjun Kharge]] in New Delhi.<ref name="Keshava Rao returns to Congress after a decade as Kharge welcomes him back">{{cite news |last1=The Hindu |first1= |title=Keshava Rao returns to Congress after a decade as Kharge welcomes him back |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/telangana/home-coming-for-keshava-rao-as-kharge-welcomes-him-back-into-congress/article68363152.ece |access-date=3 July 2024 |date=3 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240703175704/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/telangana/home-coming-for-keshava-rao-as-kharge-welcomes-him-back-into-congress/article68363152.ece |archive-date=3 July 2024 |language=en-IN}}</ref><ref name="Keshava Rao tenders resignation from membership of Rajya Sabha after joining Congress">{{cite news |last1=The Hindu |first1= |title=Keshava Rao tenders resignation from membership of Rajya Sabha after joining Congress |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/telangana/a-day-after-joining-congress-kk-tenders-resignation-from-membership-of-rajya-sabha/article68366610.ece |access-date=5 July 2024 |date=4 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240705054203/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/telangana/a-day-after-joining-congress-kk-tenders-resignation-from-membership-of-rajya-sabha/article68366610.ece |archive-date=5 July 2024 |language=en-IN}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=After rejoining Congress, K Keshava Rao appointed Advisor to Telangana government |url=https://www.aninews.in/news/national/politics/after-rejoining-congress-k-keshava-rao-appointed-advisor-to-telangana-government20240706172704/ |access-date=2024-11-23 |website=ANI News |language=en}}</ref> He resigned from the Rajya Sabha on 4 July 2024.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-07-05 |title=Keshava Rao quitting RS puts Congress in a fix over defected BRS MLAs |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/keshava-rao-quitting-rs-puts-congress-in-a-fix-over-defected-brs-mlas/articleshow/111501265.cms |access-date=2024-11-23 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

Keshava Rao was appointed as the Advisor (Public Affairs) to the [[Government of Telangana]] with Cabinet status by Chief Secretary A. Santhi Kumari on 6 July.<ref name="K. Keshava Rao appointed as public affairs adviser to government">{{cite news |last1=Deccan Chronicle |first1= |title=K. Keshava Rao appointed as public affairs adviser to government |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/southern-states/telangana/k-keshava-rao-appointed-as-public-affairs-adviser-to-government-1808877 |access-date=6 July 2024 |work= |date=6 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240706163208/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/southern-states/telangana/k-keshava-rao-appointed-as-public-affairs-adviser-to-government-1808877 |archive-date=6 July 2024 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="K Keshava Rao appointed as Adviser to Telangana government">{{cite news |last1=The Hindu |first1= |title=K Keshava Rao appointed as Adviser to Telangana government |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/telangana/k-keshava-rao-appointed-as-telangana-govt-advisor/article68374294.ece |access-date=6 July 2024 |date=6 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240706163415/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/telangana/k-keshava-rao-appointed-as-telangana-govt-advisor/article68374294.ece |archive-date=6 July 2024 |language=en-IN}}</ref>

==Election History==
===Rajya Sabha===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Position
! colspan="2" |Party
! Constituency
! From
! To
! Tenure
|-
| [[Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha]] (1st Term)
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
| [[Andhra Pradesh]]
| 3 April 2006
| 2 April 2012
| '''{{ayd|2006|4|3|2012|4|2}}'''
|-
| [[Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha]] (2nd Term)
| {{Party name with color|Telangana Rashtra Samithi}}
| [[Andhra Pradesh]]
| 10 April 2014
| 25 March 2020
| '''{{ayd|2014|4|10|2020|3|25}}'''
|-
| [[Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha]] (3rd Term)
| {{Party name with color|Bharat Rashtra Samithi}}
| [[Telangana]]
| 10 April 2020
| 5 July 2024
| '''{{ayd|2020|4|10|2024|7|5}}'''
|}

== Personal life ==
He was born to K. Niranjan Rao and Govindamma in [[Mahbubabad]], [[Warangal]], [[Hyderabad State]] on 13 December 1940 (official records 6 June 1939). He received his B.Com from Badruka College, then pursued an M.A. at [[Osmania University]]'s Arts College and later PhD from Osmania University, Hyderabad. He is married to Vasantha Kumari and has two sons and two daughters. One of his daughters, [[Gadwal Vijayalakshmi]], served as the [[List of mayors of Hyderabad|mayor]] of [[Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation]].

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://164.100.24.167:8080/members/website/Mainweb.asp?mpcode=1998 Profile on Rajya Sabha website]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rao, K. Keshava}}
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Telangana]]
[[Category:Bharat Rashtra Samithi politicians]]
[[Category:Rajya Sabha members from Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Date of birth uncertain]]
[[Category:People from Hanamkonda district]]
[[Category:Members of the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Council]]
[[Category:Telugu politicians]]
[[Category:1939 births]]
[[Category:Presidents of Andhra Pradesh Congress Committee]]

Karmachakra

2026-03-10T13:36:15Z

GarnetWelton89: quick adjust layout per sources

{{short description|Indian anime-influenced animated film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2022}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Karmachakra
| image = Karmachakra_(Anime)_Poster,_Feb_2021.jpeg
| caption = Karmachakra poster
| director = Rajorshi Basu
| producer = Rajorshi Basu
| writer = Rajorshi Basu
| starring =
| music =
| cinematography =
| editing =
| studio = Durga Studio
| distributor =
| released =
| runtime = 90 minutes
| country = India
| language = Bengali
| budget = 
| gross = 
}}

'''''Karmachakra''''' ({{translation|Wheel of Fate}}) also known as '''''Karmachakra: Episode Zero''''' is an [[anime-influenced animation|anime-influenced]] original [[Mystery film|mystery]] [[Drama (film and television)|drama]] [[India]]n [[animation|animated film]] produced by Studio Durga. Billed as the first independent [[Indian animation industry|Indian anime production]],<ref name="timesofindia_aug2020">{{Cite news|title=Youngsters gear up to present a made-in-India anime - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/youngsters-gear-up-to-present-a-made-in-india-anime/articleshow/77554838.cms|access-date=2021-02-03|website=The Times of India|date=15 August 2020 }}</ref> the project was first announced in 2017.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Karmachakra, India's FIRST Anime Movie Will Release Soon|url=https://animemotivation.com/karmachakra-indian-anime-movie/|access-date=2021-02-10|website=animemotivation.com|date=14 July 2020 }}</ref> Production was completed in 2020. ''Karmachakra: Episode Zero'' is planned to be the first of a series of three ''Karmachakra'' films.<ref>{{cite tweet|name=Durga Studio|user=StudioDurga|title=Update for those that missed ✨|date=29 Nov 2020|number=1332762319483527173}}</ref><ref name="Crunchyroll">{{cite web |last1=Sharma |first1=Manas B. |title=INTERVIEW: Rajorshi Basu on Creating Studio Durga and the State of Anime in India |url=https://www.crunchyroll.com/anime-feature/2021/01/17/interview-rajorshi-basu-on-creating-studio-durga-and-the-state-of-anime-in-india |website=Crunchyroll |access-date=23 March 2021}}</ref>

A 20-minute pilot was released on [[YouTube]] in February 2020.<ref name="hindustantimes_sep2020">{{Cite web|date=2020-09-18|title=A Delhi studio is making Indian anime films that look deliciously Japanese|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/a-delhi-studio-is-making-indian-anime-films-that-look-deliciously-japanese/story-fod4YckcZdkw4bMLQ42qYK.html|access-date=2021-02-03|website=Hindustan Times}}</ref>

==Premise==
Set in urban Indian state West Bengal's capital city of Kolkata, an orphaned girl Ganga is embodied into finding her parents and her roots while coping up with her present situations. What starts out as a search for the past begins digging up more sinister fragments of mysticism, psychology and cryptography. Battling the unanswered questions, Ganga is sworn to find the truth of her ordeal and events leading to her mystery, which might also reveal several webs of connections en route.

==Cast==
* [[Swastika Mukherjee]] as Ganga
* [[Sabyasachi Chakrabarty]] as Dr. Roy
* [[Tanusree Shankar]] as Mita Di
* [[Mir Afsar Ali]] as Arka
* [[Santu Mukherjee]] as Professor Sid
* [[Anik Dutta]] as Ghoshal
* [[Parno Mittra]] as Meghna
* [[Swaroopa Ghosh]] as Madhavi
* Alaknanda Roy as Mrs. Roy
* Shaantilal Mukherjee as Gautam
* [[Barun Chanda]] as Gomes
* Shamik Sinha as Ronnie
* Rajorshi Basu as Rick<ref name="আকাঙ্ক্ষা「Karmachakra : Episode Zero」ED">{{cite web |title=আকাঙ্ক্ষা「Karmachakra : Episode Zero」ED「AKANKHA / Rajorshi Basu ft. Rupankar Bagchi, Tanisha, Disha」 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VZvvtU1ed-g |website=Youtube | date=14 February 2020 |publisher=Studio Durga |access-date=13 March 2021}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://www.studiodurga.com/karmachakra Official website]

[[Category:Anime-influenced animated films]]
[[Category:Anime in India]]
[[Category:Indian animated films]]
[[Category:Indian mystery drama films]]
[[Category:Bengali-language Indian films]]
[[Category:Animated films about orphans]]

{{2020s-animation-film-stub}}
{{2020s-Bengali-film-stub}}

Prana Krushna Parija

2026-03-07T16:50:33Z

GarnetWelton89:

{{short description|Indian scientist (1891–1978)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2018}}
{{Infobox scientist
| name = Prana Krushna Parija
| image = Prana_Krushna_Parija (cropped).jpg
| birth_date = {{birth date|df=y|1891|04|01}}
| birth_place = [[Jagatsinghpur]], Balikuda, [[Bengal Presidency]], [[British Raj|British India]] (now [[Ichhapur]], Balikuda, [[Jagatsinghpur]], [[Odisha]], [[India]])
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=y|1978|06|02|1891|04|01}}
| field = [[Botany]]
| alma_mater = [[Ravenshaw University]] [[Presidency University, Kolkata]] [[University of Cambridge]]
| workplaces = [[Ravenshaw University]] [[Banaras Hindu University]] [[Utkal University]]
| influenced =
| awards = [[Padma Bhushan]] {{small|(1955)}} Officer of the [[Order of the British Empire]] {{small|(OBE; 1944)}}
| footnotes =
| module = {{Infobox officeholder
| embed=yes|
|name = Prana Krushna Parija
| office = Member: 1st [[Odisha Legislative Assembly]]
| constituency = [[Balikuda-Erasama (Odisha Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Balikuda]]
| term_start = 1952
| term_end = 1957
|party = 
}}
}}
'''Prana Krushna Parija''' [[Order of the British Empire|OBE]] (1 April 1891 – 2 June 1978)
was an Indian botanist. His research work comprised mainly fundamental and applied aspects of plant physiology, experimental plant morphology, and ecological studies of plant environment. He studied water hyacinth and other aquatic weeds, respiration in leaves and apples, transpiration and heat resistance in plants, rice and algae and storage of apples.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://insaindia.res.in/detail/F00-0551|title=INSA :: Deceased Fellow Detail|website=insaindia.res.in|access-date=2019-11-07}}</ref>
He was born in icchapur village [[Jagatsinghpur]] in a well known [[Karan (caste)|Karana]] family.<ref name="1948–1981">{{cite book|title=1948-1981|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xkVZ7wh3DIIC&pg=PA812|access-date=5 March 2013|year=2003|publisher=Universities Press|isbn=978-81-7371-433-7|pages=812–}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://jagatsinghpur.nic.in/dist_portal/eminentperson.htm|title=Directory of Eminent Personalities of the District|work=jagatsinghpur.nic.in|quote=Dr. Pranakrushna Parija Balikuda|access-date=5 March 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121119004950/http://jagatsinghpur.nic.in/dist_portal/eminentperson.htm|archive-date=19 November 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>[http://www.dailypioneer.com/329209/Balikuda-locals-remember-son-of-the-soil-Dr-Parija.html Balikuda locals remember son of the soil Dr Parija]</ref>

He served as a vice chancellor of [[Utkal University]].<ref name="GeorgeAkādemī1992">{{cite book|author1=K. M. George|author2=Sāhitya Akādemī|title=Modern Indian Literature, an Anthology|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=m1R2Pa3f7r0C&pg=PA319|access-date=14 May 2012|year=1992|publisher=Sahitya Akademi|isbn=978-81-7201-324-0|pages=319–}}</ref>
He worked as a principal in [[Ravenshaw University]] (formerly [[Ravenshaw College]]), [[Cuttack]]<ref>[http://vanivihar90.org/about-us.htm Vanivihar Homepage]</ref><ref name="DasSamsad2003">{{cite book|author1=Harish Chandra Das|author2=State Level Vyasakabi Fakir Mohan Smruti Samsad|title=The cultural heritage of Khurda|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BxRuAAAAMAAJ|access-date=14 May 2012|year=2003|publisher=State Level Vyasakabi Fakir Mohan Smruti Samsad}}</ref>[[Pro Vice-Chancellor]] of [[Banaras Hindu University]], [[Varanasi]]<ref name="google">{{cite book|title=The Shaping of Indian Science: 1948-1981|author=Indian Science Congress Association|date=2003|publisher=Universities Press|isbn=9788173714337|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xkVZ7wh3DIIC|page=812|access-date=26 November 2014}}</ref>
and [[Vice-Chancellor]] of [[Utkal University]], [[Bhubaneswar]].<ref name="Mahapatra1988">{{cite book|author=Lakshmikanta Mahapatra|title=Songs of the soul|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kGEuAAAAMAAJ|access-date=14 May 2012|year=1988|publisher=Kantakabi Centenary Celebration Committee}}</ref>
The "Parija Library" of the university is named after him.<ref>{{cite news |title=Among celebrities |author=P.G. Rama Rao |url= http://www.telegraphindia.com/1101206/jsp/orissa/story_13263971.jsp|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120331003327/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1101206/jsp/orissa/story_13263971.jsp|url-status= dead|archive-date= 31 March 2012|newspaper= The Telegraph|access-date=6 December 2010}}</ref>
He was President of the [[Indian Science Congress Association]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://sciencecongress.nic.in/past_general_presidents.php|title=Government of India, Indian Science Congress|website=sciencecongress.nic.in|access-date=2019-11-07}}</ref> in 1960. He was an elected member of the first [[Odisha Legislative Assembly]].<ref>[http://orissa.gov.in/e-magazine/orissaannualreference/ORA-2011/pdf/453-501.pdf List of members of OLA, 1951-2004] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131217121136/http://orissa.gov.in/e-magazine/orissaannualreference/ORA-2011/pdf/453-501.pdf |date=2013-12-17 }}</ref>

His daughter Saudamini Parija was married to the well-known Mathematician [[Ram_Prakash_Bambah| Ram Prakash Bambah]]. Their daughter Bindu Bambah is a well-known Theoretical Physicist.

== Awards and recognitions ==
* ''Fearnsides Scholarship'' (1918), [[Christ's College, Cambridge]], a scholarship to encourage clinical research in the field of organic diseases of the nervous system.<ref>[https://archive.org/stream/historicalre191120univuoft/historicalre191120univuoft_djvu.txt ''The historical register. Supplement'']. University of Cambridge; University of Cambridge. Cambridge University calendar. Supplement; University of Cambridge. Index to tripos lists, 1748–1910. Supplement. [[Cambridge University Press]]. [[University of Cambridge]]. 1911–1920</ref>
*Officer of the [[Order of the British Empire]] (OBE), [[1944 New Year Honours]]<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=36309 |supp=y|page=23|date=31 December 1943}}</ref>
* [[Padma Bhushan]], 1955<ref>{{cite web|title=Padma Bhushan Awardees|publisher=[[Ministry of Communications and Information Technology (India)|Ministry of Communications and Information Technology]]|url=http://india.gov.in/myindia/padmabhushan_awards_list1.php|access-date=28 June 2009}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://orissa.gov.in/e-magazine/Orissareview/2012/Jan/engpdf/22-24.pdf Odisha Review (Jan 2012): Dr. Pranakrushna Parija]
* [http://orlabs.oclc.org/identities/lccn-n85-210938 Parijā, OCLC WorldCat Identities: Prāṇakr̥shṇa 1891-1978]

{{Odia literature}}
{{PadmaBhushanAwardRecipients 1954–59}}
{{Padma Award winners of Odisha}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Parija, Prana Krushna}}
[[Category:1891 births]]
[[Category:1978 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Jagatsinghpur district]]
[[Category:Odia scientists]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian botanists]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Bhushan in literature & education]]
[[Category:Officers of the Order of the British Empire]]
[[Category:Ravenshaw University alumni]]
[[Category:Alumni of Trinity College, Cambridge]]

Postcard (2013 film)

2026-03-04T09:46:56Z

GarnetWelton89: creating first details w/ infobox

{{Short description|2014 Indian Marathi film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2024}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Postcard
| director = [[Gajendra Ahire]]
| producer = Vinay Waman Ganu
| screenplay = [[Gajendra Ahire]]
| story =
| starring = [[Girish Kulkarni]]
| music = Gandhar Sangoram
| cinematography = Yogesh Rajguru
| editing = Mayur Hardas
| released = {{Film date|2013|12|23|{{nowrap|Goa Film Festival}}|2014|04|25|df=y}}
| runtime = 116 minutes
| country = India
| language = Marathi
}}
'''''Postcard''''' is a 2013 Indian Marathi film written and directed by [[Gajendra Ahire]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/screen/post-script-4/ | title=Post Script | date=2 May 2014 }}</ref> It is about a postman who gets involved in the lives of people.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movie-reviews/postcard/movie-review/34255338.cms|title=Postcard Movie Review {3/5}: Critic Review of Postcard by Times of India|work=The Times of India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-reviews/postcard-goa-film-bazaar-review-661168/|title=Postcard: Goa Film Bazaar Review|date=23 December 2013|work=The Hollywood Reporter}}</ref>

== Synopsis ==
The film opens with a postman in Maharashtra. He tells three stores about his life.

The first story is about an old man who has worked all his life at a saw mill. The postman regularly brings him letters from his children. The postman's pregnant wife reads some of the letters. She believes they are not merely letters; they carry messages and emotions. To the postman the letters are merely his job. He delivers letters and sometimes read them aloud when the recipient cannot read. One day the old man decides to retire from his job and go live peacefully with his children. He asks the owner of the saw mill to settle his dues. The owner, shrewd and deceitful, says the old man is due nothing; in fact the old man must repay his loans, now with interest totaling one thousand rupees. The old man decides he will repay the loan by working it off, and then leave with a clean account. At the end of the month the owner reports that the old man's work just covers the interest accrued in that month. The old man realizes that the loan is usurious; he will not be able to pay it off by working. The old man writes a letter to God. He writes that he has lived an honest life and if God has created a righteous world then God must send him the thousand rupees so he can leave with honor. The postman's wife reads this letter and decides to send the old man her savings, seven hundred rupees. The postman delivers the money but is insufficient and the old man must return to work. A few days later the old man dies at the saw mill. In his last letter, to God, he asks why God has created wicked men like the postman who cruelly stole three hundred rupees from the thousand rupees God had sent him. The postman sorrowfully reads this letter to his wife.

Some years later the postman was assigned to a [[hill station]]. His second story is about his job at that hill station. One of his daily tasks is to incinerate letters which cannot be delivered or returned. The postman's wife has gone to her own village to deliver their second child. The postman sometimes reads the dead letters before he incinerates them. One such letter, which arrives frequently, is from a woman to a man, probably her husband. One day when the postman is about to enter a school he is stopped by a man at the school gate. The man introduces himself; the postman recognizes his name immediately as the recipient of the woman's letters. The man hands the postman a letter addressed to the frequent letter writer who, says the man, is his daughter. The man implores the postman to deliver it promptly and directly to his daughter. He is a soldier. He wants to see his daughter. He must see her today because tomorrow he must return to his duty, far away. The postman brings his letter to the school matron. There is no such girl at the school. The matron searches the old registers and uncovers that the girl had graduated and left the school many years ago. They come to the gate but the father has vanished. On the following day the soldier meets the postman again. This time he tells the postman a story. Many years ago, he traveled home to see his daughter at her school. His bus had accidentally tumbled into a valley and everyone (including him) was killed. He only wants to see his daughter. Now the postman realizes that the soldier is a ghost. The postman sets about tracking down the daughter. She runs a bar. The postman meets her and tells her the story. At first she laughs but she gradually realizes, to her shock and grief, that the story is true. She had thought her father had abandoned her. She realizes her father has died, today, because the postman brought her the news. She breaks down and curses at the postman and drives him away.

The third story is about the postman's job at another village. Every day a woman calls out to him, qasim, the bringer of news. She asks, always eagerly, if he has a letter from her lover and sometimes when there is a letter she is overjoyed. She is a dancing girl, a [[nautch]] girl. One day her lover comes to see her. He leaves the following morning; he promises to take her with him the next time. He writes letters and, some weeks later, visits her again. She wants to go with him. He says it is not possible today. There is a loud fight. He exclaims that money is required to buy her freedom before he can take her away; he does not have the money yet. Some days later the postman sees a medicine man on the roadside. The medicine man has a mask, a wooden face mask, for sale. It is charmed and it can grant wishes, says the medicine man. The postman recognizes the mask immediately; it was made by the old man of the saw mill as a present for his grandchild. The postman remembers the same mask hanging on the wall of the bar. The medicine man says it costs three hundred rupees. The postman recalls the soldier's daughter had quoted the same sum when the postman had asked about the mask at the bar. The postman contemplates buying the mask but decides not to meddle with forces that may be beyond him. Some days later he finds the dancing girl has bought the mask. That night she wishes it to bring her money so she can buy her freedom and join her lover. In a few days the postman brings her a large sum of money and a letter from her lover's firm. Her lover was caught in the machinery and was mangled to death; this is insurance money which he had willed to her. The postman is disturbed by the turn of events. He leaves the village to his next posting. He sees the girl, now pale and dreadful, going to return the mask.

The film ends when the postman and his family board the bus to his next job. The soldier appears on the bus, smiling and giving sweets to the postman's daughter.

== Cast ==

*[[Girish Kulkarni]] as The Postman
*[[Dilip Prabhavalkar]] as Bhikaji Kale
*[[Vibhawari Deshpande]] as Lisa Kamble
*[[Radhika Apte]] as the [[Gulzar]]
*[[Subodh Bhave]] as Vishwanath
*[[Kishor Kadam]] as James Kamble
*[[Sai Tamhankar]] as Jaya, Postman's wife

==Awards and nominations==

*[[Filmfare Marathi Awards#Ajeenkya DY Patil Filmfare Awards Marathi 2014|Filmfare Marathi Awards]]
**Critics Best Film - Won (along with ''[[Elizabeth Ekadashi]]'')<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.bollywoodlife.com/news-gossip/marathi-filmfare-awards-lai-bhari-dr-prakash-baba-amte-sweep-all-awards-629233/ | title=Marathi Filmfare Awards: Fandry, Elizabeth Ekadashi sweep all awards - view pics! | date=21 November 2015 }}</ref>
**Best Actor - Girish Kulkarni - Nominated<ref name="T">{{cite web | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/marathi-filmfare-awards-nominations/articleshow/49827966.cms | title=Marathi Filmfare Awards: Nominations - Times of India | website=[[The Times of India]] }}</ref>
** Best Cinematography - Yogesh Rajguru - Nominated<ref name="T"/>
** Best Dialogue - Gajendra Ahire - Nominated<ref name="T"/>
** Best Background Score - Chaitanya Adkar - Nominated<ref name="T"/>
** Best Sound Design - Tushar Pandit - Nominated<ref name="T"/>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==

*{{IMDb title|4487548}}

[[Category:2013 films]]
[[Category:2014 Marathi-language films]]
[[Category:2013 Indian films]]

Victoria: Ek Rahasya

2026-03-04T09:35:00Z

GarnetWelton89: created a pg w/ sources!

{{Short description|2023 Marathi Horror-thriller film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2022}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Victoria: Ek Rahasya
| image = Victoria Ek Rahasya poster.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = Jeet Ashok and Virajas Kulkarni
| writer = Omkar Gokhale
| producer = [[Anand Pandit]] Roopa Pandit [[Pushkar Jog]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Pushkar Jog and producer Anand Pandit said about Victoria ek Rahasya|url=https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/regional-indian-cinema-news/video/public-review-of-prabhas-pooja-hegde-starrer-radhe-shyam-and-vivek-agnihotris-the-kashmir-files-1069404|website=Mid-day|access-date=15 December 2022|archive-date=15 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221215083116/https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/regional-indian-cinema-news/video/public-review-of-prabhas-pooja-hegde-starrer-radhe-shyam-and-vivek-agnihotris-the-kashmir-files-1069404|url-status=live}}</ref>
| starring = {{plainlist|
*[[Pushkar Jog]]
*[[Sonalee Kulkarni]]
*Akshay Kulkarni
*Heera Sohal
}}
| cinematography = Sopan Purandare
| editing = Bhushan Sahasrabuddhe
| music = Nishaad Golambare
| studio = {{plainlist|
*Anand Pandit Motion Pictures
*Goosebumps Entertainment
*Square Elephant Productions
}}
| released = {{Film date|2023|1|13|df=y}}
| country = India
| language = Marathi
}}

'''''Victoria: Ek Rahasya''''' ({{Translation|Victoria: A Mystery}}) is a 2023 Indian [[Marathi language|Marathi]]-language [[Horror-thriller film]] directed by Virajas Kulkarni and Jeet Ashok. Its producers are [[Anand Pandit]], Roopa Pandit and [[Pushkar Jog]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Today |first=Telangana |date=2022-11-24 |title='Victoria' may be Marathi horror film but it will entertain everybody: Anand Pandit |url=https://telanganatoday.com/victoria-may-be-marathi-horror-film-but-it-will-entertain-everybody-anand-pandit |access-date=2022-12-26 |website=Telangana Today |language=en-US |archive-date=26 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221226164842/https://telanganatoday.com/victoria-may-be-marathi-horror-film-but-it-will-entertain-everybody-anand-pandit |url-status=live }}</ref> The film starring Pushkar Jog, [[Sonalee Kulkarni]], Akshay Kulkarni. It was theatrically released on 13 January 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-12-06 |title=Victoria Marathi Movie Release Date, Box Office Collection, Trailer, Cast. |url=https://www.boxofficebusiness.in/2022/12/victoria-marathi-movie-release-date-box-office-collection-trailer-cast.html |access-date=2022-12-24 |language=en-US |archive-date=18 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221218155121/https://www.boxofficebusiness.in/2022/12/victoria-marathi-movie-release-date-box-office-collection-trailer-cast.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Victoria - Ek Rahasya |url=https://spicyonion.com/title/victoria-ek-rahasya-hindi-movie/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221215083118/https://spicyonion.com/title/victoria-ek-rahasya-hindi-movie/ |archive-date=15 December 2022 |access-date=2022-12-15 |website=Spicyonion.com |language=en}}</ref>

== Cast ==
* [[Pushkar Jog]]<ref>{{Cite news |title=Pushkar Jog shares a special video as he shoots for his upcoming film 'Victoria' in Scotland- Watch - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/pushkar-jog-shares-a-special-video-from-his-scotland-shoot-of-his-upcoming-film-victoria-watch/articleshow/89919844.cms |access-date=2022-12-15 |website=The Times of India |language=en |archive-date=15 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221215083116/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/pushkar-jog-shares-a-special-video-from-his-scotland-shoot-of-his-upcoming-film-victoria-watch/articleshow/89919844.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> as Adhiraj
* [[Sonalee Kulkarni]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-01-28 |title='Welcome To The World of Victoria': Sonalee Kulkarni Shares First Look of Her Next |url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/welcome-to-the-world-of-victoria-sonalee-kulkarni-shares-first-look-of-her-next-4709408.html |access-date=2022-12-15 |website=News18 |language=en |archive-date=15 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221215083116/https://www.news18.com/news/movies/welcome-to-the-world-of-victoria-sonalee-kulkarni-shares-first-look-of-her-next-4709408.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Sonalee Kulkarni looks radiant as she shares a stunning selfie from the sets of 'Victoria' - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/sonalee-kulkarni-looks-radiant-as-she-shares-a-stunning-selfie-from-the-sets-of-victoria/articleshow/90117210.cms |access-date=2022-12-15 |website=The Times of India |language=en |archive-date=15 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221215083118/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/sonalee-kulkarni-looks-radiant-as-she-shares-a-stunning-selfie-from-the-sets-of-victoria/articleshow/90117210.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> as Ankita
* Aashay Kulkarni as Siddhartha
* Heera Sohal<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-12-06 |title=Victoria Marathi Movie Release Date, Box Office Collection, Trailer, Cast. |url=https://www.boxofficebusiness.in/2022/12/victoria-marathi-movie-release-date-box-office-collection-trailer-cast.html |access-date=2022-12-15 |language=en-US |archive-date=18 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221218155121/https://www.boxofficebusiness.in/2022/12/victoria-marathi-movie-release-date-box-office-collection-trailer-cast.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Mikaila Telford

== Release ==
The film was initially slated to hit the theaters on 16 December but due to the release of ''[[Avatar: The Way of Water]]'' on the same day, ''Victoria Ek Rahasya'' extended its release date and was released in theaters on 13 January 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |title='अवतार 2' नं केला सोनालीच्या 'व्हिक्टोरिया' चा गेम, आपल्याच घरातून मराठी सिनेमा हद्दपारMarathi Movie' Victoria' Release date postpone |url=https://www.esakal.com/manoranjan/marathi-movie-victoria-release-date-postpone-due-to-hollywood-avtar-release-ppm81 |access-date=2023-01-05 |website=eSakal - Marathi Newspaper |language=mr-IN |archive-date=5 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230105051911/https://www.esakal.com/manoranjan/marathi-movie-victoria-release-date-postpone-due-to-hollywood-avtar-release-ppm81 |url-status=live }}</ref> It was digitally released on [[Amazon Prime Video]] in Marathi along with [[Hindi]] dubbed version.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Victoria : Ek Rahasya 2023 watch online OTT Streaming of movie on Amazon Prime Video |url=https://www.ottplay.com/movie/victoria-ek-rahasya-2023/214c5d8cc4528 |access-date=2023-08-24 |website=OTTPlay |language=en |archive-date=24 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230824093021/https://www.ottplay.com/movie/victoria-ek-rahasya-2023/214c5d8cc4528 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Mahindrakar |first=Shreya |date=2023-01-13 |title=UNFOLDING VICTORIA’S SECRETS |url=https://punemirror.com/entertainment/MarathiEntertainment/unfolding-victoria-s-secrets/cid1673560763.htm |access-date=2023-08-24 |website=punemirror.com |language=en |archive-date=24 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230824091525/https://punemirror.com/entertainment/MarathiEntertainment/unfolding-victoria-s-secrets/cid1673560763.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Music ==
{{Infobox album
| name = Victoria Ek Rahasya
| type = single album
| artist = Nishaad Golambare and Sundaresh Sankrith
| released = 6 December 2022
| genre = [[Theme music]]
| length = 2:54
| label = Video Palace
| misc = {{External media
| audio1 =[https://wynk.in/music/album/victoria-ek-rahasya/pp_8905778520663 Victoria Ek Rahasya - Theme Music Track]}}
}}
{{Track listing
| headline = Track listing
| title1 = Theme Music Track
| length1 = 2:54
| total_length = 2:54
}}

== Reception ==
=== Critical reception ===
Anub George of ''[[The Times of India]]'' gave three out of five stars wrote "Victoria is still a good watch for weekend. Grab your friends and tuck in for night of mild horror."<ref>{{Cite news |title=Victoria : Ek Rahasya Movie Review : A good watch if you like horror films |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movie-reviews/victoria-ek-rahasya/movie-review/96969212.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-08-24 |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=24 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230824171343/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movie-reviews/victoria-ek-rahasya/movie-review/96969212.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live }}</ref> Siraj Syed of ''Filmfestivals.com'' gave two stars and wrote "Victoria leaves the first clause vague, goes halfway down the jump hallucination track and fails to explain some key happenings in the climax. No wonder a slick and polished film, shot in the wonderful locales of Scotland, leaves us unsatisfied."<ref>{{Cite web |title=Victoria-Ek Rahasya, Review: The Untold Tale of Victoria Hotel |url=https://www.filmfestivals.com/blog/siraj_syed/victoria_ek_rahasya_review_the_untold_tale_of_victoria_hotel |access-date=2023-08-24 |website=www.filmfestivals.com |language=en |archive-date=24 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230824093156/https://www.filmfestivals.com/blog/siraj_syed/victoria_ek_rahasya_review_the_untold_tale_of_victoria_hotel |url-status=live }}</ref> Sanjay Ghavre of ''[[Lokmat]]'' wrote "As two debutant directors have tried their best to give the audience a thrilling experience, this film should be watched once, ignoring the shortcomings."<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-01-13 |title=Victoria Movie Review: व्हिक्टोरियातील अघटीत घटनांचा थरार; सोनाली कुलकर्णींच्या 'व्हिक्टोरिया' रिव्ह्यू |url=https://www.lokmat.com/marathi-cinema/actress-sonalee-kulkarni-victoria-marathi-movie-review-a838-c592/ |access-date=2023-08-24 |website=Lokmat |language=mr |archive-date=24 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230824093155/https://www.lokmat.com/marathi-cinema/actress-sonalee-kulkarni-victoria-marathi-movie-review-a838-c592/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title}}

[[Category:2023 films]]
[[Category:2023 horror thriller films]]
[[Category:Marathi-language horror films]]
[[Category:2023 Marathi-language films]]
[[Category:2023 horror films]]
[[Category:Indian horror thriller films]]
[[Category:Films shot in Scotland]]

Dukaan

2026-03-02T04:38:41Z

GarnetWelton89: creating initial entry from scratch

{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2024}}
{{Infobox film
| image = Dukaan Theatrical Poster.jpg
| caption = Theatrical Release Poster
| director = [[Siddharth–Garima]]
| writer = {{plainlist|
*Siddharth Singh
*Garima Wahal
}}
| producer = {{plainlist|
*S K Ahluwalia
*Siddharth Singh
*Garima Wahal
*Srujan Yarabolu
}}
| starring = {{plainlist|
*[[Sikandar Kher]]
*Monika Panwar
*[[Monali Thakur]]
* Soham Majumdar
* [[Vrajesh Hirjee]]
* Insane Ashraf
* Azhar J Malik
* Hridansh Parekh
* Romanch Soni
}}
| cinematography = {{plainlist|
*Anirban Chatterjee
}}
| editing = {{plainlist|
*Satya Sharma
}}
| music = {{plainlist|
*Shreyas Puranik
}}
| studio = {{plainlist|
*Waveband Productions
*Kalamkaar Picture Productions
}}
| distributor = [[UFO Moviez]]
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2024|04|5|India|}}
| runtime = 132 minutes
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| gross = {{INR|0.18}} crore<ref name="bo">{{Cite web|title=Dukaan Box Office|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/dukaan/box-office/#bh-movie-box-office|access-date=17 April 2024|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|date=12 April 2024 }}</ref>
}}

'''''Dukaan''''' is a 2024 [[Hindi cinema|Hindi-language]] [[Comedy film|comedy]] [[Drama (film and television)|drama]] film written and directed by Siddharth Singh and Garima Wahal, and produced by S K Ahluwalia, Siddharth Singh, Garima Wahal, and Srujan Yarabolu, under the banner of Waveband Productions and Kalamkaar Picture Productions.<ref>{{Cite web |last=PTI |date=2024-02-28 |title='Dukaan': Sidharth-Garima's Film On Surrogacy Starring Monika Panwar To Release On April 5 |url=https://news.abplive.com/entertainment/movies/dukaan-sidharth-garima-s-film-on-surrogacy-starring-monika-panwar-to-release-on-april-5-1668244 |access-date=2024-04-09 |website=news.abplive.com |language=en}}</ref> The film features Monika Panwar, [[Monali Thakur]] and Soham Majumdar as the lead characters.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-04-04 |title=Dukaan: A Visual-Emotional Operatic Womb With A View |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/bollywood/dukaan-a-visual-emotional-operatic-womb-with-a-view-article-109026295 |access-date=2024-04-09 |website=TimesNow |language=en}}</ref>

== Cast ==
{{Castlist|*Monika Panwar as Jasmine
*[[Monali Thakur]] as Diya
*Soham Majumdar as Armaan
*[[Sikandar Kher]] as Sumer
*[[Vrajesh Hirjee]] as Pramod Trivedi
*Insane Ashraf as Birju<ref>{{Cite web |last=PR |first=ANI |date=2024-04-05 |title='Dukaan': A Compelling Portrait of Motherhood and Morality (Review Rating: ****) |url=https://theprint.in/ani-press-releases/dukaan-a-compelling-portrait-of-motherhood-and-morality-review-rating/2028521/ |access-date=2024-05-18 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Dukaan Movie (2024) {{!}} Release Date, Review, Cast, Trailer |url=https://www.gadgets360.com/entertainment/dukaan-movie-124776 |access-date=2024-05-18 |website=Gadgets 360 |language=en}}</ref>

*Azhar J Malik
*Hridansh Parekh as Jamaal
*Romanch Soni}}

== Plot ==
The film follows the journey of Chameli, who rebrands herself as Jasmine (played by Monika Panwar) to stand out from the crowd. After a personal tragedy leaves her resentful towards children, she unexpectedly finds companionship in Sumer (Sikandar Kher) and becomes a stepmother to his daughter, who is close to her age. Determined to build a life on her own terms, Jasmine takes up surrogacy for financial stability and finds a supportive circle in Dr. Navya Chandel (Geetika Tyagi) and fellow surrogates. However, things take a complicated turn when she decides to keep the baby she carried for Diya (Monali Thakur) and Armaan (Soham Majumdar), leading to a heartbreaking conflict over who truly has the right to raise the child.<ref name=":0" />

== Soundtrack ==
{{Infobox album
| name = Dukaan
| type = soundtrack
| artist = [[Shreyas Puranik]]
| genre = [[Film soundtrack|Feature film soundtrack]]
| length = {{Duration|m=13|s=50}}
| language = Hindi
| label = Music Garage
}}
{{Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length = 13:50
| all_lyrics = Siddharth-Garima
| all_music = [[Shreyas Puranik]]
| title1 = Maa Banne Wali Hoon
| length1 = 2:17
| extra1 = [[Shreya Ghoshal]], Aishwarya Bhandari
| title2 = Rang Maar De Holi Hai
| length2 = 3:03
| extra2 = [[Sunidhi Chauhan]], [[Vishal Dadlani]], [[Bhoomi Trivedi]], Osman Mir
| title3 = Moh Na Laage
| length3 = 2:47
| extra3 = [[Arijit Singh]], [[Shreyas Puranik]]
| title4 = Love Story Natthi
| length4 = 2:33
| extra4 = [[Mohit Chauhan]], Osman Mir, Aishwarya Bhandari
| title5 = Train Song
| length5 = 3:10
| extra5 = Ananya Wadkar, Prajakta Shukre, Meenal Jain, Apurva Nisshad, [[Divya Kumar (singer)|Divya Kumar]]
}}

== Release ==
Dukaan was released theatrically on 5 April 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jayaraman |first=N. P. |title='Nepotism days are over, it's time to shine with your talent': 'Dukaan' directors Siddharth & Garima |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/entertainment/nepotism-days-are-over-its-time-to-shine-with-your-talent-say-dukaan-directors-siddharth-garima-2963290 |access-date=2024-04-09 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref> A special screening was organized in [[Ahmedabad]] and more than 300 surrogates were invited.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Real surrogates to watch Dukaan at a special screening in Ahmedabad |url=https://www.theweek.in/wire-updates/business/2024/04/02/dcm59-pnn.html |access-date=2024-04-09 |website=The Week |language=en}}</ref>

== Reception ==
Dhaval Roy of ''[[The Times of India]]'' rated the film 3 stars out of 5 stars and noted "Dukaan is an intriguing concept with a strong lead performance, but the execution falters, leaving one wanting more."<ref>{{Cite news |title=Dukaan Movie Review : An intriguing concept that doesn't reach its full potential |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-reviews/dukaan/movie-review/109050478.cms |access-date=2024-04-09 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> Sonal Pandya of ''[[Times Now]]'' rated the film 2 stars out of 5 stars and noted "From its unwieldy introduction to the syrupy closing scenes, ''Dukaan'' isn't quite sure about how to handle its initial message about found families and parenthood."<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-04-05 |title=Dukaan Movie Review: Siddharth-Garima's Syrupy Surrogate Drama Is A Rushed Affair |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/reviews/bollywood/dukaan-movie-review-siddharth-garima-monika-panwar-syrupy-surrogate-drama-is-a-rushed-affair-review-109023844 |access-date=2024-04-09 |website=TimesNow |language=en}}</ref>

Rohit Bhatnagar of ''[[The Free Press Journal]]'' said "If you are up for some Garba dance moves, want to delve into Gujarati culture, or want to watch a fresh face Monika Panwar at her best, risk it for yourself, else, Mimi and Chori Chori Chupke Chupke are a still far better bets."<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dukaan Review: Monika Panwar, Sikandar Kher's Film Is Refurbished Version Of Kriti Sanon's Mimi With Some Garba Moves |url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/entertainment/movie-review/dukaan-review-monika-panwar-sikandar-khers-film-is-refurbished-version-of-kriti-sanons-mimi-with-some-garba-moves |access-date=2024-04-09 |website=Free Press Journal |language=en}}</ref>

[[Sukanya Verma]] of ''[[Rediff.com]]'' rated 1/5 stars and asserts "Its callous perspective and comical treatment of a sensitive matter makes a complete hash of things."<ref>{{Cite web |title=Review: This Dukaan Delivers Only Baloney!|url=https://m.rediff.com/movies/review/dukaan-review/20240405.htm |date=5 April 2024 |website=Rediff}}{{rating|1|5}}</ref>

Ishita Sengupta of ''[[OTTPlay]]'' commented "The Year’s Worst Film Is Possibly Here" and "Dukaan centres on surrogacy, but unfolds as a cautionary tale on how ''not'' to make a film".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dukaan: The Year's Worst Film Is Possibly Here |url=https://www.ottplay.com/features/dukaan-the-years-worst-film-is-possibly-here/8f91b43127351 |access-date=2024-04-12 |website=OTTPlay |language=en}}</ref>

Pankaj Shukla from [[Amar Ujala]] rated the film 2 out of 5, commenting that while the concept holds potential, the storytelling lacks impact. He drew comparisons to stronger directorial visions and noted that despite years of effort, the execution falls short of leaving a lasting impression.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dukaan Movie Review: सिद्धार्थ गरिमा ने सजाई भंसाली के रंगों की ‘दुकान’, पढ़िए कहां अटकने से पूरा नहीं उठा शटर |url=https://www.amarujala.com/entertainment/movie-review/dukaan-movie-review-by-pankaj-shukla-siddharth-garima-monika-panwar-sikandar-kher-geetika-tyagi-sunny-deol-2024-04-05 |access-date=2025-07-01 |website=Amar Ujala |language=hi}}</ref>

Upma Singh from [[Navbharat Times]] rated the film 2.5/5. She praised its colorful visuals, music, and Monica Panwar’s strong performance as Jasmine. While the first half is engaging, the story loses focus, and feels stretched post-interval.<ref>{{Cite web |title=मूवी रिव्यू: सरोगेसी की सजावटी 'दुकान' की हीरा साबित हुईं मोनिका पंवार |url=https://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/entertainment/movie-review/dukaan-movie-review-in-hindi-starring-monika-panwar-sikandar-kher-monali-thakur-directed-by-siddharth-garima/moviereview/109055168.cms |access-date=2025-07-01 |website=Navbharat Times |language=hi}}</ref>

Sonal Pandya from [[Times Now]] rated the film 2/5, noting that while ''Dukaan'' attempts to highlight the rights of surrogates in India. its overloaded narrative and clumsy execution hinder its impact. Monika Panwar’s portrayal of Jasmine is spirited, but the storytelling lacks finesse.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2024-04-05 |title=Dukaan Movie Review: Siddharth-Garima's Syrupy Surrogate Drama Is A Rushed Affair |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/reviews/bollywood/dukaan-movie-review-siddharth-garima-monika-panwar-syrupy-surrogate-drama-is-a-rushed-affair-review-109023844 |access-date=2025-07-01 |website=Times Now |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
{{IMDb title|id=tt15458936}}
[[Category:Hindi-language comedy-drama films]]
[[Category:Indian comedy-drama films]]
[[Category:Indian pregnancy films]]
[[Category:2024 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:2024 Indian films]]

Mathew Thomas

2026-02-26T22:48:55Z

GarnetWelton89: slightly rework article for accuracy and improved wording

{{short description|Indian actor (born 2002)}}
{{Indian patronymic|Mathew|Thomas}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2020}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Mathew Thomas
| image = Mathew Thomas 2020.jpg
| image_caption = Mathew at the [[Asianet Film Awards|22nd Asianet Film Awards]]
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|2002|10|16|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Thiruvankulam]], [[Ernakulam district]], [[Kerala]], India
| occupation = Actor
| yearsactive = 2019{{endash}}present
| known_for = Kumbalangi Nights
| alma_mater =
| parents =
}}
'''Mathew Thomas''' (born 16 October 2002) is an Indian actor who appears in [[Malayalam cinema|Malayalam]] and [[Tamil cinema|Tamil films]]. He is known for his debut movie ''[[Kumbalangi Nights]]'' and later releases ''[[Thanneer Mathan Dinangal]]'', ''[[Jo and Jo]]'' and ''[[Leo (2023 Indian film)|Leo]]''.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/thanneermathan-dinangal-is-about-three-sorrows-of-jaison/articleshow/70290234.cms|work=timesofindia|title=Thanneermathan Dinangal is about three sorrows of Jaison|last1=Soman|first1=Deepa|access-date=13 March 2021|archive-date=20 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190820101621/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/thanneermathan-dinangal-is-about-three-sorrows-of-jaison/articleshow/70290234.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://malayalam.samayam.com/malayalam-cinema/celebrity-news/mathew-thomas-talks-about-thanneermathan-dinangal-movie/articleshow/70375003.cms|work=malayalam.samayam|title='കുമ്പളങ്ങി'യിലെ ഫ്രാങ്കിയല്ല; 'തണ്ണീര്‍മത്തനി'ലെ ജെയ്സൺ|access-date=13 March 2021|archive-date=31 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211231054633/https://malayalam.samayam.com/malayalam-cinema/celebrity-news/mathew-thomas-talks-about-thanneermathan-dinangal-movie/amp_articleshow/70375003.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Career==
He debuted through a role in the 2019 film ''[[Kumbalangi Nights]]'', which he earned through an audition held at his school.<ref>{{cite news |title=The Fourth Brother of Kumbalan |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/mollywood/110219/the-fourth-brother-of-kumbalangi.html |access-date=10 March 2020 |date=10 March 2020 |archive-date=14 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190814113038/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/mollywood/110219/the-fourth-brother-of-kumbalangi.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The film was a critical and commercial success.<ref>{{cite news |title=New kid on the block |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/new-kid-on-the-block-mathew-thomas-is-relishing-the-sweet-success-of-malayalam-film-thanneermathan-dinangal/article28846886.ece |access-date=10 March 2020 |date=10 March 2020 |archive-date=31 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221031150153/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/new-kid-on-the-block-mathew-thomas-is-relishing-the-sweet-success-of-malayalam-film-thanneermathan-dinangal/article28846886.ece |url-status=live }}</ref> It was followed by the lead role in ''[[Thanneer Mathan Dinangal]]'' (2019), a teenage romance film about a high-school student, Jaison. It received highly positive reviews from both critics and audience. He appeared as a young Benjamin Louis in the crime thriller ''[[Anjaam Pathiraa]]'' (2020), which was commercially successful. He also played a minor role in cyber crime thriller [[Operation Java|''Operation Jav''a]]. In 2021, he played a supporting role in the [[Mammootty]] starrer ''[[One (2021 film)|One]]'', where his performance was well praised by critics and audience.<ref>{{cite news|title=The first look|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/mollywood/131119/the-first-look.html|access-date=15 March 2020|website=Deccan Chronicle|archive-date=9 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200409034224/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/mollywood/131119/the-first-look.html|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2023, he made his Tamil film debut in ''[[Leo (2023 Indian Film)|Leo]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Malayalam actor Mathew Thomas to make his Tamil debut with Thalapathy 67 |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2023/jan/31/malayalam-actor-mathew-thomas-to-make-his-tamil-debut-with-thalapathy-67-39486.html |access-date=2023-02-02 |website=[[Cinema Express]] |date=31 January 2023 |language=en |archive-date=3 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230203105646/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2023/jan/31/malayalam-actor-mathew-thomas-to-make-his-tamil-debut-with-thalapathy-67-39486.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Filmography ==
*''All films are in Malayalam unless otherwise noted.''
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year !! Title !! Role !! class="unsortable" | Notes !! {{Abbr|Ref.|Reference}}
|-
| rowspan=2 | 2019 || ''[[Kumbalangi Nights]]'' || Franky Napoleon ||Debut film ||<ref>{{cite news|title=My character in Kumbalangi Nights isn't very different from me|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/my-character-in-kumbalangi-nights-isnt-very-different-from-me/articleshow/67827686.cms|access-date=10 March 2020|date=10 March 2020|work=Times of India|archive-date=2 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190902080652/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/my-character-in-kumbalangi-nights-isnt-very-different-from-me/articleshow/67827686.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Thanneer Mathan Dinangal]]'' || Jaison || ||<ref>{{cite news |title=Sweet success |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/mollywood/190819/sweet-success.html |access-date=10 March 2020 |date=10 March 2020 |work=Deccan Chronicle |archive-date=22 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190922012326/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/mollywood/190819/sweet-success.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| 2020 || ''[[Anjaam Pathiraa]]'' || Young Benjamin Louis || ||<ref>{{cite news |title=The timid guy who later became a psycho |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/midhun-manuel-thomas-anjaam-pathiraa-is-an-investigative-thriller/article30459237.ece |access-date=10 March 2020 |date=10 March 2020 |work=The Hindu |archive-date=10 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200110092749/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/midhun-manuel-thomas-anjaam-pathiraa-is-an-investigative-thriller/article30459237.ece |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| rowspan=2 | 2021 || ''[[Operation Java]]'' || Jerry || || <ref>{{cite news |title=It's pack up time for team Operation Java |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/its-pack-up-time-for-team-operation-java/articleshow/74439246.cms |access-date=15 March 2020 |website=Deccan Chronicle |archive-date=7 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200307062939/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/its-pack-up-time-for-team-operation-java/articleshow/74439246.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| ''[[One (2021 film)|One]]'' || Sanal || ||<ref>{{cite news|title=Mammootty to soon begin shooting for 'One'|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/mammootty-to-soon-begin-shooting-for-one/articleshow/71690258.cms|access-date=15 March 2020|website=Times Of India|archive-date=10 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191110021209/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/mammootty-to-soon-begin-shooting-for-one/articleshow/71690258.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan=3 | 2022 ||''[[Jo and Jo]]'' || Jomon || ||<ref>{{cite news |url=https://malayalam.news18.com/news/film/movies-mathew-naslen-and-nikhila-vimal-act-in-jo-and-jo-movie-mm-446961.html |title='ജോ ആൻഡ് ജോയുമായി' മാത്യു, നസ്ലൻ, നിഖില വിമൽ |date=23 September 2021 |access-date=2 October 2021 |work=News18 Malayalam |archive-date=2 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211002112347/https://malayalam.news18.com/amp/news/film/movies-mathew-naslen-and-nikhila-vimal-act-in-jo-and-jo-movie-mm-446961.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Prakashan Parakkatte]]'' || Das Prakashan || ||<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/stories/news/2020/nov/16/dhyan-sreenivasan-announces-new-project-prakashan-parakkatte-21332.html|work=Cinema Express|title=Dhyan Sreenivasan announces new project Prakashan Parakkatte|date=16 November 2020 |access-date=13 March 2021|archive-date=7 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210507222140/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/stories/news/2020/nov/16/dhyan-sreenivasan-announces-new-project-prakashan-parakkatte-21332.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Visudha Mejo]]'' || Ambros || ||<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.kairalinewsonline.com/2021/11/07/458379.html|title='വിശുദ്ധ മെജോ' ജനുവരിയില്‍ തീയറ്ററിലേക്ക്|work=Kairali News|date=7 November 2021|access-date=2 February 2022|archive-date=1 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220201182713/https://www.kairalinewsonline.com/2021/11/07/458379.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="5" | 2023 || ''[[Christy (2023 film)|Christy]]'' || Roy || || <ref>{{Cite web |title=Malavika Mohanan, Mathew Thomas film titled Christy |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2022/dec/15/malavika-mohanan-mathew-thomas-film-titled-christy-37761.html |access-date=2023-01-21 |website=[[Cinema Express]] |date=15 December 2022 |language=en |archive-date=21 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230121141836/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2022/dec/15/malavika-mohanan-mathew-thomas-film-titled-christy-37761.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Neymar (film)|Neymar]]'' || Kunjava || ||<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-05-04 |title=Hit duo Mathew Thomas and Naslen K Gafoor set to return with Neymar |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/malayalam/mathew-thomas-naslen-k-gafoor-latest-film-neymar-8591967/ |access-date=2023-05-06 |website=The Indian Express |language=en |archive-date=6 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230506194816/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/malayalam/mathew-thomas-naslen-k-gafoor-latest-film-neymar-8591967/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Journey of Love 18+]]'' || Deepak || ||<ref>{{Cite web |title=It's a wrap for 18 Plus |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2023/feb/27/its-a-wrap-for-18-plus-40414.html |access-date=2023-04-13 |website=[[Cinema Express]] |date=27 February 2023 |language=en |archive-date=22 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230422211219/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2023/feb/27/its-a-wrap-for-18-plus-40414.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Leo (2023 Indian film)|Leo]]'' || Siddharth "Siddhu" || [[Tamil language|Tamil]] film ||<ref>{{Cite web |title=Malayalam actor Mathew Thomas to make his Tamil debut with Thalapathy 67 |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2023/jan/31/malayalam-actor-mathew-thomas-to-make-his-tamil-debut-with-thalapathy-67-39486.html |access-date=2023-01-31 |website=[[Cinema Express]] |date=31 January 2023 |language=en |archive-date=3 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230203105646/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2023/jan/31/malayalam-actor-mathew-thomas-to-make-his-tamil-debut-with-thalapathy-67-39486.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Vijay's film with Lokesh Kanagaraj titled 'Leo' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/vijays-film-with-lokesh-kanagaraj-titled-leo/articleshow/97581241.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-02-03 |website=Times Of India |language=en |archive-date=3 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230203121910/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/vijays-film-with-lokesh-kanagaraj-titled-leo/articleshow/97581241.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Family (2023 film)|Family]]'' || Nobi || ||<ref>{{Cite web |title=Family review |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/family-movie-review-don-palathara-stellar-film-exposes-family-religious-institutions-society-safe-space-predators-9067250/ |access-date=2023-12-28 |website=[[Indian Express]] |date=13 December 2023 |language=en |archive-date=28 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231228101302/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/family-movie-review-don-palathara-stellar-film-exposes-family-religious-institutions-society-safe-space-predators-9067250/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| rowspan=3 | 2024 || ''[[Premalu]]'' || Thomas || Cameo appearance ||<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-02-08 |title='Premalu' actor Naslen on seeing Matthew Thomas in 'Leo': I got goosebumps when he called Vijay 'dad' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/premalu-actor-naslen-on-seeing-matthew-thomas-in-leo-i-got-goosebumps-when-he-called-vijay-dad/articleshow/107525280.cms |access-date=2024-02-09 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Samadhana Pusthakam]]'' ||Paranki Praveesh || ||<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-07-18 |title=Samadhana Pusthakam Teaser: A comedy entertainer centered on a high school |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2024/Jul/18/samadhana-pusthakam-teaser-a-comedy-entertainer-centered-on-a-high-school |access-date=2024-07-18 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Cup (2024 Malayalam film)|Cup]]'' || Nidhin Babu "Kannan"|| ||<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-09-04 |title=Mathew Thomas-Basil Joseph starrer Cup confirms release |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2024/Sep/04/mathew-thomas-basil-joseph-starrer-cup-confirms-release |access-date=2024-09-04 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan=4 | 2025 || ''[[Bromance (2025 film)|Bromance]]'' || Binto || ||<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mathew Thomas - Arjun Ashokan Starrer 'Bromance' Starts Rolling|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/mathew-thomas-arjun-ashokan-starrer-bromance-starts-rolling/articleshow/111980061.cms|access-date=27 July 2024|website=[[The Times Of India]] |date=24 July 2024}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Nilavuku En Mel Ennadi Kobam]]'' || Rajesh || Tamil film ||<ref>{{cite web |title='Nilavukku Enmel Ennadi Kobam': Dhanush's third directorial to feature a young ensemble |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/nilavukku-enmel-ennadi-kobam-dhanushs-third-directorial-to-feature-a-young-ensemble/article67671879.ece |website=The Hindu |language=en-IN |date=24 December 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Dhanush's third directorial shoot is under process; lead and supporting cast revealed |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/dhanushs-third-directorial-shoot-is-under-process-lead-and-supporting-cast-revealed/articleshow/106039698.cms?from=mdr |website=The Times of India |date=16 December 2023}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Lovely (2025 film)|Lovely]]'' || Boney || ||<ref>{{Cite news |date= 2023-09-01|title=First look of Mathew Thomas' 'Lovely' out! |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/first-look-of-mathew-thomas-lovely-out/articleshow/103287040.cms |access-date=2024-05-04}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Nellikkampoyil Night Riders]]'' || Shyam || ||<ref>{{Cite web |last=Desk |first=Cinema Express |date=2025-09-04 |title=Mathew Thomas-starrer Night Riders gets a release date |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2025/Sep/04/mathew-thomas-starrer-night-riders-gets-a-release-date |access-date=2025-09-10 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| 2026 || ''Sukhamano Sukhamanu'' || Theo|| ||<ref>{{Cite web |title=From ‘Sukhamano Sukhamanu’ to ‘Pennum Porattum’: What’s releasing in theatres this Friday |url=https://www.onmanorama.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/2026/02/11/movies-hitting-theatres-this-weekend-febrary-13-malayalam-hindi-english-films.html |access-date=2026-02-13 |website=@onmanorama |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|}

==Awards==
* 2020 – [[Asianet Film Awards]] for Best Star Pair of the Year – ''[[Thanneer Mathan Dinangal]]'' (shared with [[Anaswara Rajan]])<ref>{{cite news |title=Asianet Film Awards announced 2020; Here's the complete list of winners! |url=http://onlookersmedia.in/latestnews/asianet-film-awards-announced-2020-heres-complete-list-winners/ |access-date=13 March 2020 |date=13 March 2020 |archive-date=14 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201014143627/http://onlookersmedia.in/latestnews/asianet-film-awards-announced-2020-heres-complete-list-winners/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* 2020 – [[Vanitha Film Awards]] for Best Newcomer Actor of the Year – ''[[Thanneer Mathan Dinangal]]'' and ''[[Kumbalangi Nights]]''<ref>{{cite news |title=Vanitha Film Awards 2020 |url=https://english.manoramaonline.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/2020/02/09/vanitha-film-awards-2020-winners-list-madhuri-jacqueline-kochi.html |access-date=13 March 2020 |date=13 March 2020 |archive-date=12 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200412084946/https://english.manoramaonline.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/2020/02/09/vanitha-film-awards-2020-winners-list-madhuri-jacqueline-kochi.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb name|10464357}}
*{{facebook|MathewThomasOfficial}}
*{{Instagram|mathewthomass}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Thomas, Mathew}}
[[Category:Male actors from Kerala]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:2002 births]]
[[Category:Indian actors]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:Indian male film actors]]
[[Category:Male actors in Malayalam cinema]]

Siju Wildlife Sanctuary

2026-02-24T06:47:23Z

GarnetWelton89: created the info added tags!

{{Short description|Wildlife sanctuary in Meghalaya, India}}
{{Infobox protected area
| name = Siju Wildlife Sanctuary
| alt_name = Siju Bird Sanctuary
| iucn_category = IV
| iucn_ref =
| image = Pond Siju Bird Sanctuary Meghalaya Oct24 A7CR 04013.jpg
| image_size =
| image_alt =
| image_caption = Artificial pond in the middle of the sanctuary
| map = India Meghalaya#India
| map_width =
| map_alt =
| map_caption = Location in Meghalaya, India
| relief = 1
| mapframe = Yes
| label =
| label_position =
| mark =
| marker_size =
| mapframe-zoom = 10
| location =
| nearest_city =
| coordinates = {{Coord|25|20|16|N|90|41|11|E|display=inline,title}}
| coords_ref =
| area_km2 = 5.18
| designation =
| authorized =
| created =
| designated =
| established = 1979
| visitation_num =
| visitation_year =
| visitation_ref =
| governing_body =
| administrator =
| operator =
| owner =
| website = {{URL|https://megforest.gov.in/wildlife|Forest & Environment Department, Government of Meghalaya}}
}}'''Siju Wildlife Sanctuary''' is situated in the [[South Garo Hills district]] of [[Meghalaya]], India. It is the first and oldest wildlife sanctuary in Meghalaya.<ref name=":1" /> It is also known as Siju Bird Sanctuary as it is a home for many rare and protected birds such as the [[Indian grey hornbill|Grey Hornbill]]. Other migratory birds such as Siberian ducks and [[spoonbill]]s are also sighted here.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Wildlife - National Parks & Sanctuaries - Siju Wildlife Sanctuary |url=https://megforest.gov.in/wildlife|access-date=2025-06-26|website=Forests & Environment Department, Government of Meghalaya}}</ref>

== History ==
The area was first declared a Reserve Forest by the Lieutenant-Governor of East Bengal and Assam in 1906. In 1979, the area was converted to the first wildlife sanctuary in Meghalaya. The name is derived from the nearby village ''Siju'', which is largely populated by the ''Attong'' subtribe of the [[Garo people]].<ref name=":1"/>

By the 1970s biogeographical studies created awareness that isolated reserves or ''islands'' of wilderness were insufficient to support certain species such as elephants.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Diamond |first=J.M. |date=February 1975 |title=The island dilemma: Lessons of modern biogeographic studies for the design of natural reserves |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/000632077590052X |journal=[[Biological Conservation (journal)|Biological Conservation]] |volume=7 |issue=2 |pages=129–146 |via=[[Elsevier Science Direct]]}}</ref> Consequently, there was a move to setup elephant corridors in various parts of India connecting nearby reserves. Elephant habitats in the Garo Hills are separated by the Simsang river with limestone cliffs along the banks. Elephants can cross the river in only four places where there are sandy beaches. In the 1990s, the [[Wildlife Trust of India]] worked with the Meghalaya Forest Department and local communities to create and preserve the ''Siju-Rewak elephant corridor''. This corridor along the south border of the Siju Wildlife Sanctuary is {{Convert|3.5|km|mi|abbr=on}} long and {{Convert|2|km|mi|abbr=on}} km wide. At that time, it connected 650 elephants in the [[Balpakram National Park|Balpakaram National Park]] with 200 elephants in the Rewak Reserve Forest across the Simsang.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Johnsingh |first=A.J.T. |last2=Christy Williams |first2=A. |date=July 1999 |title=Elephant corridors in India: lessons for other elephant range countries |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/oryx/article/elephant-corridors-in-india-lessons-for-other-elephant-range-countries/BFD0772E52E28C8ACE5E8546795694FB |journal=[[Oryx (journal)|Oryx]] |volume=33 |issue=3 |pages=210–214}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Goswami |first=R. |date=26 April 2004 |title=NGOs launch save-elephant drive in Siju |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/north-east/ngos-launch-save-elephant-drive-in-siju/cid/757889 |access-date=24 June 2025 |work=[[The Telegraph (India)]]}}</ref>

== Geography ==
[[File:Forest River Siju WLS Meghalaya Oct24 A7CR 04127.jpg|thumb|Dense forested slope of the sanctuary on the left bank of the Simsang]]
[[File:Path Down Goera Ronggat Siju WLS Oct24 A7CR 04054.jpg|thumb|Path through limestone formation, Goera Ronggat]]
[[File:Fossils Goera Ronggat Siju WLS Oct24 A7CR 04053.jpg|thumb|Marine fossils in the Goera Ronggat limestone strata]]

=== Location ===
Situated in the South Garo Hills, Siju Wildlife Sanctuary is the oldest Wildlife Sanctuary in the state of Meghalaya.<ref name=":1" /> It is located {{Convert|45|km|mi|abbr=on}} from [[Baghmara, Meghalaya|Baghmara]], {{Convert|160|km|mi|abbr=on}} from [[Tura, Meghalaya|Tura]] and about {{Convert|475|km|mi|abbr=on}} from [[Shillong]]. The sanctuary covers an area of {{Convert|5.18|sqkm|sqmi|abbr=on}}. On the west, it is bordered by the Simsang river. On the east, it abuts the Balpakram National Park. The southern border is shared with the Balpakram-Baghmara and Siju-Rewak [[Wildlife corridor|elephant corridors]].<ref name=":1"/><ref>{{Cite web |date=18 June 2025 |title=Way: Siju WLS (681249241) |url=https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/681249241 |access-date=18 June 2025 |website=[[OpenStreetmap]]}}</ref>

Access to the core sanctuary is via a path that starts from the bank of the Simsang River a short distance downstream of the Siju Hanging Bridge. The path climbs steeply up steps constructed in 2021-22 by the Wildlife Department. After climbing about {{Convert|90|m|ft|abbr=on}} the path reaches narrow clefts in the Goera Ronggat limestone formation. The climb of the next {{Convert|100|m|ft|abbr=on}} is more gradual. The last section is level until an artificial pond in the centre of the sanctuary, about {{Convert|2.5|km|mi|abbr=on}} from the river.{{citation needed|date=June 2025}}

==== Gallery ====
<gallery mode="packed" heights="150px">
File:Simsang Entrance Siju Wildlife Santuary Oct24 A7CR 04063.jpg|Entrance to Siju WLS from the Simsang River bank
File:Steps Siju WLS South Garo Oct24 A7CR 03961.jpg|Steps leading into the core sanctuary
File:Vine Path Siju WLS South Garo Oct24 A7CR 03971.jpg|Vines across path through dense forest
</gallery>

=== Geology ===
The trail from the [[Simsang River]] to the core area of the Sanctuary passes through unusual limestone formations called ''Goera Ronggat''. The formations contain marine fossil beds with fossilized amulets, shells, starfishes and other marine life forms that are millions of years old.<ref name="MegTourism">{{Cite web |date=2025 |title=Experiences >> SIJU – A LAND FROZEN IN TIME (The Caves, Rocks & Fossils of Siju) |url=https://www.meghalayatourism.in/experiences-4/siju-a-land-frozen-in-time/ |access-date=18 June 2025 |website=Meghalaya Tourism}}</ref>

==== Gallery ====
<gallery mode="packed" heights="150px">
File:Path Up Goera Ronggat Siju WLS Oct24 A7CR 03962.jpg|Path from Simsang river enters Goera Ronggat
File:Path Up Goera Ronggat Siju WLS Oct24 A7CR 03965.jpg|Path through Goera Ronggat
File:Detail Cliff Goera Ronggat Siju WLS Oct24 A7CR 04060.jpg|Detail of limestone formation
File:Tree Cliff Goera Ronggat Siju WLS Oct24 A7CR 04061.jpg|Tree growing in the limestone cliff
</gallery>

== Wildlife ==
Siju Wildlife Sanctuary is home to many endemic and rare flora and fauna. Many animal species such as elephants, [[Sambar deer]], [[Wild boar|wild boars]], [[Leopard|leopards]], [[Tiger|tigers]], [[barking deer]], etc. are sighted here. Other primates such as the [[slow loris]], [[Hoolock gibbon]], and [[langurs]] are also found here.<ref name=":1" />

[[File:Pallas Squirrel Siju WLS Oct24 A7CR 03953.jpg|left|thumb|[[Pallas's squirrel]] (''Callosciurus erythraeus'') in Siju Wildlife Sanctuary]]
=== Avifauna ===
A total of 77 species of resident and migratory birds have been reported on the [[EBird]] online database by birders during the period 2011-2025.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025 |title=Bird Observations: Siju Bird Sanctuary: Jan-Dec, 2011-2025 |url=https://ebird.org/barchart?byr=2011&eyr=2025&bmo=1&emo=12&r=L7097477 |access-date=18 June 2025 |website=[[EBird]]}}</ref> Migratory birds include [[Indian grey hornbill|Grey Hornbills]], [[Spoonbill|spoonbills]], and Siberian ducks. [[Peacock-pheasant]] also inhabit Siju Wildlife Sanctuary.<ref name=":1"/><ref name="MegTourism"/>

=== Gallery ===
<gallery mode="packed" heights="120px">
File:Archduke Butterfly Siju South Garo Hills Oct24 A7CR 03998.jpg|Khasi Dark Archduke male (''Lexias dirtea khasiana'')
File:Zeltus amasa amasa –Fluffy Tit (3).jpg|Male Fluffy Tit male (''Zeltus amasa amasa'')
File:Scat Siju WLS South Garo Meghalaya Oct24 A7CR 04048.jpg|Scat of a carnivore near Goera Ronggat
</gallery>

== Flora ==
{{Expand section|date=May 2025}}

=== Gallery ===
<gallery mode="packed" heights="120px">
File:Osbeckia Flower Siju South Garo Hills Oct24 A7CR 04000.jpg|''[[Osbeckia stellata]]'', October 2024
File:Trunk Banyan Siju WLS Oct24 A7CR 03974.jpg|Convoluted trunk of banyan tree (''[[Ficus religiosa]]'')
File:Green Fungus Tree Siju WLS Oct24 A7CR 03976.jpg|Green fungus on tree trunk, October 2024
File:White Mushroom Log Siju WLS Meghalaya Oct24 A7CR 03995.jpg|[[White fungi]] on dead log, October 2024
File:Yellow Fungus Log Siju WLS Meghalaya Oct24 A7CR 03985.jpg|Yellow fungi on dead log, October 2024
</gallery>

== References ==
{{Commons category}}
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Wildlife sanctuaries in Meghalaya]]
[[Category:South Garo Hills district]]
[[Category:Protected areas established in 1979]]
[[Category:1979 establishments in India]]

Ramanathaswamy Temple

2026-02-16T08:38:56Z

GarnetWelton89:

{{short description|Hindu temple in Rameswaram island in the state of Tamil Nadu, India}}
{{EngvarB|date=May 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2020}}
{{Infobox Hindu temple
| name = Ramanathaswamy Temple
| native_name = Arulmigu Sri Ramanathaswamy Tirukkoyil
| native_name_lang = 
| image = Ramanathaswamy temple7.JPG
| image_upright =
| alt =
| caption =
| map_type = India Tamil Nadu
| map_caption = Location in Tamil Nadu
| coordinates = {{coord|9.288106|79.317282|type:landmark_region:IN|display=inline,title}}
| country = {{flagicon|IND}} [[India]]
| state = [[Tamil Nadu]]
| district = [[Ramanathapuram District|Ramanathapuram]]
| location = [[Rameswaram]]
| elevation_m =
| deity = Ramanathaswamy ([[Shiva]]) Parvatavardhini ([[Parvati]]) [[Rama]]
| primary_deity_Godess =
| utsava_deity_God =
| utsava_deity_Godess=
| Direction_posture =
| Pushakarani =
| Vimanam =
| Poets =
| Prathyaksham =
| festivals =
| architecture = [[Tamil architecture]]
| temple_quantity =
| monument_quantity =
| inscriptions =
| established =
| creator = Pandya and Jaffna kings
| website = https://rameswaramramanathar.hrce.tn.gov.in/hrcehome/index_temple.php?tid=35671
}}
{{Char Dham}}
'''Ramanathaswamy Temple''' (''Rāmanātasvāmi Kōyil'') is a [[Hindu temple]] dedicated to the [[Hindu]] god [[Shiva]] located on [[Rameswaram island]] in the state of [[Tamil Nadu]], India. It is one of the twelve [[Jyotirlinga]] temples. It is one of the 276 [[Paadal Petra Sthalam]]s, the sacred sites glorified by the [[Nayanars]] ([[Saivite|Shaivite]] poet-saints), [[Appar]], [[Cuntarar|Sundarar]], and [[Campantar|Sambandar]], with their songs. According to tradition, the ''[[lingam]]'' (an aniconic form of Shiva) of the Ramanathaswamy Temple was established and worshipped by [[Lord Ram|Rama]] before he crossed the bridge called [[Adam's Bridge|Rama Setu]] to the island kingdom of [[Lanka]], identified with [[Sri Lanka]]. It is one of the Char Dham pilgrimage sites. The temple was expanded during the 12th century by the [[Pandya Dynasty]], and its principal shrine’s sanctum was renovated by [[Jeyaveera Cinkaiariyan]] and his successor [[Gunaveera Cinkaiariyan]], monarchs of the [[Jaffna kingdom]]. The temple has the longest corridor among all the Hindu temples of India. It was built by King Muthuramalinga Sethupathy.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/king-rebel-remembered/article8415834.ece|title=King 'Rebel' remembered|newspaper=The Hindu|date=31 March 2016}}</ref><ref name=Meena/> The temple is considered a pilgrimage site for Shaivites, [[Vaishnavites]], and [[Smarthas|Smartas]].

==Legend==
In the [[Yuddha Kanda]] of the ''[[Ramayana]]'', on their journey back to [[Ayodhya (Ramayana)|Ayodhya]], Rama narrates to [[Sita]] the appearance and worship of Shiva in the form of a lingam on the island of Rameswaram before the construction of his bridge to Lanka. He describes the spot to be supremely sacred and capable of expiating major sins.<ref>{{Cite book |url=http://archive.org/details/valmiki-ramayana-gita-press-english |title=Valmiki Ramayana Gita Press English |pages=813 |language=English}}</ref>

In the ''[[Shiva Purana]]'', Rama propitiates Shiva on the shore of Rameswaram in the form of a lingam by the repetition of mantras, meditation, and dancing. Pleased, the deity appeared before Rama and granted his requested boon of victory over Ravana. Rama then requested the deity to remain on the island to sanctify the world and offer his grace to all people. The text states that the worship of the Rameshvara lingam offers worldly pleasures and salvation for its devotees.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Books |first=Kausiki |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Siva_Purana_Koti_Rudra_Samhitha_English/hfZLEAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=&pg=PT182&printsec=frontcover |title=Siva Purana: Koti Rudra Samhitha: English Translation only without Slokas |date=2021-10-24 |publisher=Kausiki Books |pages=182-184 |language=en}}</ref>

==History==
According to Firishta, [[Malik Kafur]], the head general of [[Alauddin Khalji]], the ruler of [[Delhi Sultanate]], reached Rameswaram during his political campaign in spite of stiff resistance from the [[Pandya dynasty|Pandyan princes]] in the early 14th century.{{sfn|Mehta|1986|p=157}}{{sfn|Sharon|Bosworth|Dozel|B.|1987|p=271}}{{sfn|Aiyangar|1991|p=112}} He erected a mosque by name Alia al-Din Khaldji in honour of victory of [[Islam]].{{sfn|Mehta|1986|p=157}}{{sfn|Sharon|Bosworth|Dozel|B.|1987|p=271}} The records left by the court historians of the Delhi Sultanate state that Malik Kafur raided [[Madurai]], [[Chidambaram]], [[Srirangam]], [[Vriddhachalam]], Rameswaram and other sacred temple towns, destroyed the temples which were sources of gold and jewels. He brought back enormous loot from Dwarasamudra and the Pandya kingdom to [[Delhi]] in 1311.<ref name="Ernst2004p109">{{cite book|author=Carl W. Ernst| title=Eternal Garden: Mysticism, History, and Politics at a South Asian Sufi Center| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9bNAAQAAIAAJ|year=2004|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-566869-8|page=109}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Sarojini Chaturvedi|title=A short history of South India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qXcwAQAAIAAJ| year=2006|publisher= Saṁskṛiti|isbn=978-81-87374-37-4|page=209}}</ref><ref name="Eraly2015chid">{{cite book|author=Abraham Eraly|title=The Age of Wrath: A History of the Delhi Sultanate|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vyEoAwAAQBAJ&pg=PT155| year=2015|publisher= Penguin Books|isbn=978-93-5118-658-8|pages=155–156}}</ref>

The temple in its current form is believed to have been built during the 17th century, while Fergusson believes the small [[vimana]] in the west corridor belongs to the 11th or 12th century.<ref name="Cole"/> The temple is said to have been sanctioned for construction by King Kizhavan Sethupathi or [[Raghunatha Kilavan]]. The contribution of the [[Jaffna kingdom|Jaffna kings of Pandya Dynasty]] to the temple was considerable.<ref name="Bandopadhyay"/> King [[Jeyaveera Cinkaiariyan]] (1380–1410 CE) shipped stone blocks from [[Koneswaram temple]], [[Trincomalee]] to renovate the temple's sanctum sanctorum. Jeyaveera Cinkaiariyan's successor Gunaveera Cinkaiariyan (Pararacacekaran V), a trustee at Rameswaram who also oversaw structural development of this temple and the promotion of Saivite beliefs donated part of his revenue to Koneswaram. Especially to be remembered are the immense sums that were spent during the tenure of [[Pradani Muthirulappa Pillai]] towards the restoration of the Pagodas which were falling into ruins and the splendid Chockattan Mantapam or the cloistered precincts of the temple at Rameswaram that he finally completed. The rulers of Sri Lanka also contributed to the temple; [[Parakramabahu I of Polonnaruwa|Parakrama Bahu]] (1153–1186 CE) was involved in the construction of the sanctum sanctorum of the temple.<ref name="Bandopadhyay"/> Also, Sri Lankan king Nissanka Malla, contributed to the temple's development by making donations and sending workers.<ref>Sri Lanka in Early Indian Inscriptions, p. 5</ref>

Pappakudi a village was donated as a grant to Rameshwaram Temple and one Deva Venkala Perumal Ramanathar of Madurai Nayak king in (1667 CE) by Perumal Servaikaran Son of Sokkappan Servaikarar who belongs to Pandiyur. They are local Chieftain under Tirumalai Regunatha Sethupathy Rein in Ramnad Kingdom. The grant details are published by Government Press, Madras Presidency for Archeological Survey of India in 1885. Along with Pappakudi, Anandur and Urasur villages are also donated to Rameshwaram Temple. These Villages falls under Melaimakani Seermai province of Radhanallur Division.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Burgess |first1=Jas |last2=Sastri |first2=S. M. (Tr.) |title=Archaeological Survey of Southern India, Vol. IV; Tamil and Sanskrit Inscriptions, with some Notes on Village Antiquites, collected chiefly in the South of the Madras Presidency |date=1886 |publisher=E. Keys, the Government Press |location=Madras}}</ref>

The temple is one of the most famous pilgrimage sites and has several historical references about it. The [[Thanjavur Maratha kingdom|Maratha kings]] who ruled [[Thanjavur]] established ''chatrams'' or rest houses throughout [[Mayiladuthurai]] and [[Rameswaram]] between 1745 and 1837 CE and donated them to the temple.<ref name="M.">[[#M.|M. 2003]], p. 154</ref>

==Architecture==
[[File:Rameswaram temple (11).jpg|right|thumb|Image of the east and west temple towers]]
The primary deity of the temple is Ramanathaswamy ([[Shiva]]) in the form of ''[[lingam]]''.<ref name=Meena/> There are two lingams inside the sanctum - According to tradition, one built by Rama from sand, residing as the main deity, called the Ramalingam, and the one brought by Hanuman from [[Kailash]], called the Vishvalingam.<ref name="Bandopadhyay"/><ref name="Singh">[[#Singh|Singh 2009]], p. 18</ref> Rama is said to have instructed that the Vishvalingam be worshipped first since it was brought by Hanuman—the tradition continues even today.<ref name="Bandopadhyay"/>

Like all ancient temples in [[South India]], there is a high compound wall (madil) on all four sides of the temple premises measuring about 865 feet furlong from east to west and one furlong of 657 feet from north to south with huge towers ([[Gopurams]]) to the east and the west and finished gate towers to the north and south. The temple has striking long corridors in its interior, running between huge colonnades on platforms above five feet high.<ref name="Cole">[[#Cole|Cole 1885]], pp. clxvi-clxvii</ref>

{{Multiple image
|total_width=800
|align=centre
|direction=horizontal
|image1=Plate 8. Procession Religieuse dans les Galeries du Convent de Ramisseram pres Ceylan (Juin 1841).jpg
|caption1=Historic image from 1841 of the temple corridor, as sketched by [[Alexey Saltykov (1806–1859)|Prince Alexey Saltykov]]
|image2=43Rameswaram The Great Corridor.jpg
|caption2=A historic image from 1913 of the temple corridor. The corridor is the longest for any Hindu temple in India
|image3=3rd Corridor, Ramnath Swamy Temple, Rameswarm.jpg
|caption3=A modern image of the temple corridor
}}

The second corridor is formed by sandstone pillars, beams, and ceiling. The junction of the third corridor on the west and the paved way leading from the western gopuram to the Setumadhava shrine forms a unique structure in the form of a chess board, popularly known as Chokkattan Madapam, where the [[Utsavar|Utsava deities]] are adorned and kept during the [[Vasanthotsavam]] (Spring festival) and on the 6th day festival in Adi (July–August) and Masi (February–March) conducted by the [[Sethupathi]] of [[Ramnad]].

The outer set of corridors is reputed to be the longest in the world, measuring about 6.9 m in height, 400 feet each in the east and west and about 640 feet in the north and the south. The inner corridors are about 224 feet each in the east and the west and about 352 feet each in the north and the south.<ref name="Ramamurthy"/> Their width varies from 15.5 feet to 17 feet in the east and west about 172 feet on the north and south with width varying 14.5 feet to 17 feet.<ref name="Bandopadhyay">[[#Bandopadhyay|Bandopadhyay]], pp. 88-89</ref><ref name="Ramamurthy"/> The total length of these corridors is thus 3850 feet. There are about 1212 pillars in the outer corridor.<ref name="Ramamurthy"/> Their height is about 30 feet from the floor to the center of the roof. The main tower or ''rajagopuram'' is 53 m tall.<ref name=Meena>{{cite book|title=Temples in South India|last=V.|first=Meena|publisher=Harikumar Arts|location=Kanniyakumari|pages=11–12}}</ref> Most pillars are carved with individual compositions.<ref name="Ramamurthy">[[#T.|T. 2007]], p. 28</ref>
At the beginning, Ramanathaswamy Temple was a thatched shed. The present structure was the work of many individuals spread over a number of centuries. The pride of place in the establishment of the Temple goes to the Setupatis of Ramanathapuram. In the seventeenth century, Dalavai Setupati built a portion of the main eastern Gopuram. In the late eighteenth century, the world-famous third corridor was constructed by Muthuramalinga Setupati who lived for forty-nine years and ruled between 1763 and 1795. The corridor was called "Chokkatan Mandapam". The Mukhya Pradhani (Chief Minister) was Muthuirullappa Pillai and the Chinna Pradhani (Deputy Chief Minister) was Krishna Iyengar. The Setupati's statue and those of his two ''Pradhanis'' (ministers) can be seen at the western entrance to the third corridor.

The composite columns of [[Virabhadra]] holding sword and horn are found be additions of the Vijayanagara kings during the early 1500s. Similar columns of Virabhadra are built by Madurai Nayak kings in [[Adikesava Perumal Temple, Kanyakumari|Adikesava Perumal Temple]] at Thiruvattaru, [[Meenakshi Temple]] at [[Madurai]], [[Nellaiappar Temple]] at [[Tirunelveli]], [[Kasi Viswanathar temple, Tenkasi|Kasi Viswanathar temple]] at [[Tenkasi]], [[Krishnapuram Venkatachalapathy temple]], [[Soundararajaperumal temple, Thadikombu|Soundararajaperumal temple]] at [[Thadikombu]], [[Srivilliputhur Andal temple]], [[Srivaikuntanathan Permual temple]] at [[Srivaikuntam]], [[Tirupperunturai|Avudayarkovil]], [[Vaishnava Nambi and Thirukurungudivalli Nachiar temple]] at [[Thirukkurungudi]].<ref>{{cite journal|title=Imperial Frontiers: Building Sacred Space in Sixteenth-Century South India|jstor=20619601|last=Branfoot|first=Crispin |journal=The Art Bulletin|volume=90|issue=2|date=1 June 2008|page=186|publisher=College Art Association|doi=10.1080/00043079.2008.10786389|s2cid=154135978}}</ref>

[[File:Ramanathaswamy Temple Rameswaram (2).jpg|thumb|150px|a shrine dedicated to [[Nandi (Hinduism)|Nandi]] (Nandishvara)]]

There are separate shrines for Ramanathaswamy and his consort goddess Parvathavardhini separated by a corridor.<ref name="Cole"/> There are separate shrines for the goddess [[Vishalakshi Temple|Vishalakshi]], the ''utsava'' images, ''sayanagriha'', [[Vishnu]] and [[Ganesha]]. The samadhi of the great Yogi [[Patanjali]] is said to be at this temple and there is a separate shrine for him here. There are various halls inside the temple, namely Anuppu Mandapam, Sukravara Mandapam, Setupati Mandapam, Kalyana Mandapam, and Nandi Mandapam.

===Temple Tanks===
{{main|Tirthas of Rameswaram}}
[[File:Ramesw1.jpg|right|thumb|Agni Theertham - the primary sea shore associated with the temple]]
There are sixty-four Tīrthas (holy water bodies) in and around the island of [[Rameswaram]], [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]].<ref name="jcmurali">[[#Murali|Murali 2000]], p. 574</ref> According to [[Skanda Purana|Skānda Purāṇa]], twenty-four of them are important.<ref name="skaanda24">[[#Setu|Setu Māhātmyam]], Adhyāya 2, verse 104</ref> Bathing in these Tīrthas is a major aspect of the pilgrimage to Rameswaram and is considered equivalent to penance.<ref>[[#Setu|Setu Māhātmyam]], Adhyāya 1, verse 24</ref> Twenty-two of the Tīrthas are within the [[Ramanathaswamy Temple, Rameswaram|Rāmanāthasvāmī Temple]].<ref name="seturaman">[[#Seturaman|Seturaman 2001]], p. 216</ref> The number 22 indicates the 22 arrows in Rama's quiver.<ref name="Singh"/> The first and major one is called Agni Theertham, the sea ([[Bay of Bengal]]).<ref name=Meena/>

Rameswaram is one of the few temples that has the distinction of being the stala, Murthy, Theertham. Ramanathaswamy Temple Theertham is very special. There are 22 theerthams in the form of a pond and a well. These 22 theerthams represent the 22 arrows of Sri Rama.<ref>{{cite book|title=The Top Ten Temple Towns of India|publisher=Mark Age Publication|first=S.C.|last=Karkar|location=Kolkota|isbn=978-81-87952-12-1|year=2009|page=38}}</ref>

==Significance today==

===Char Dham===
[[File:Shri Shankaracharya.jpg|right|thumb|[[Adi Sankara]], the guru of [[Advaita]], who is believed to have started the [[Char Dham]]s]]
The temple is one of the holiest [[Hindu]] ''[[Char Dham]]'' (four divine sites) sites comprising [[Badrinath]], [[Puri]], [[Dwarka]] and [[Rameshwaram]].<ref>Chakravarti 1994, p. 140</ref> Though the origins are not clearly known, the [[Advaita]] school of Hinduism established by [[Sankaracharya]], who created Hindu monastic institutions across India, attributes the origin of Char Dham to the seer.<ref>[[#Mittal|Mittal 2004]], p. 482</ref> The four monasteries lie across the four corners of India and their attendant temples are [[Badrinath Temple]] at Badrinath in the North, [[Jagannath Temple, Puri|Jagannath Temple]] at Puri in the East, [[Dwarkadheesh temple, Gujrat|Dwarakadheesh Temple]] at Dwarka in the West and Ramanathaswamy Temple at Rameswaram in the South. The temples are revered by the various spiritual traditions of Hinduism, such as [[Saivism]] and [[Vaishnavism]]. The Char Dham pilgrimage is an all Hindu affair.<ref name="Brockman">[[#Brockman|Brockman 2011]], pp. 94-96</ref> The journey across the four cardinal points in India is considered sacred by Hindus who aspire to visit these temples once in their lifetime.<ref name="Gwynne">[[#Gwynne|Gwynne 2008]], Section on Char Dham</ref> Traditionally the trip starts at the eastern end from Puri, proceeding in clockwise direction in a manner typically followed for circumambulation in Hindu temples.<ref name="Gwynne"/>

===Jyotirlinga===
As per the [[Shiva Purana]], once, [[Brahma]] (the god of creation) and [[Vishnu]] (the god of preservation) had an argument in terms of their supremacy in creation.<ref name="R.">[[#R.|R. 2003]], pp. 92-95</ref> To settle their dispute, [[Shiva]] pierced the three worlds as a huge and endless pillar of light called the ''jyotirlinga''. Vishnu and Brahma split their ways downwards and upwards respectively to find the end of the light in either directions. Brahma lied that he discovered the end of the pillar in his direction, while Vishnu conceded his defeat. Shiva cursed Brahma that he would have no place in ceremonies while Vishnu would be worshipped till the end of eternity. The ''jyotirlinga'' is regarded to be the supreme partless reality, out of which Shiva partly appears. The ''jyotirlinga'' shrines are believed to be the places where Shiva is said to have appeared as a fiery column of light.<ref name="Gwynne"/><ref>[[#Eck|Eck 1999]], p. 107</ref> Originally, there were believed to have been 64 ''jyotirlingas,'' of which the present 12 are considered to be sacred to Shiva.<ref name="R."/> Each of the twelve ''jyotirlinga'' sites take the name of the presiding deity - each considered a different manifestation of Shiva.<ref name="Lochtefeld">[[#Lochtefeld|Lochtefeld 2002]], pp. 324-325</ref> At all these sites, the primary image is the ''[[lingam]]'' representing the ''[[stambha]]'' pillar, symbolising the infinite nature of Shiva (without beginning or end).<ref name="Lochtefeld"/><ref name="E. U. Harding">[[#Harding|Harding 1998]], pp. 158-158</ref><ref name="paris_congress">[[#Vivekananda|Vivekananda]] Vol. 4</ref> The twelve ''jyotirlinga'' are [[Somnath temple|Somnath]] at [[Veraval]] in [[Gujarat]], [[Mallikarjuna Swamy|Mallikarjuna]] at [[Srisailam]] in [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[Mahakaleshwar Jyotirlinga|Mahakaleswar]] at [[Ujjain]] in [[Madhya Pradesh]], [[Omkareshwar]] in [[Madhya Pradesh]], [[Kedarnath Temple|Kedarnath]] in [[Himalayas]], [[Bhimashankar Temple|Bhimashankar]] in [[Maharashtra]], [[Kasi Viswanath Temple|Viswanath]] at [[Varanasi]] in [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[Trimbakeshwar Shiva Temple|Triambakeshwar]] in Maharashtra, [[Vaidyanath Jyotirlinga, Deogarh|Vaidyanath]] at [[Deoghar]] in [[Jharkhand]], [[Nageshwar Temple, Dwarka|Nageswar]] at [[Dwarka]] in [[Gujarat]], Rameshwar at [[Rameswaram]] in [[Tamil Nadu]] and [[Grishneshwar]] at [[Aurangabad, Maharashtra]].<ref name="R."/><ref name="Chaturvedi">[[#Chaturvedi|Chaturvedi 2006]], pp. 58-72</ref> This temple is the southernmost of all the twelve Jyotirlingas.<ref name=Diwakar>{{cite book|title=Temples of South India|first=Macherla|last=Diwakar|location=Chennai|year=2011|edition=1st|pages=158–9|isbn=978-93-83440-34-4|publisher=Techno Book House}}</ref>

==In the news==
The temple is maintained and administered by the [[Hindu Religious and Charitable Endowments Department]] of the [[Government of Tamil Nadu]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.tnhrce.org/hrce_act_1959.html |title=Hindu Religious and Charitable Endowments Act, 1959 |access-date=3 August 2021 |archive-date=6 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181206095720/http://www.tnhrce.org/hrce_act_1959.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> The temple comes under the renovation and consecration of the 630 temples planned by the Hindu Religious and Charitable Endowments Department of the Government of Tamil Nadu.<ref name="Zee">[[#Zee|Zee News 2012]]</ref> Temple authorities had planned to renovate and widen the pathways to the 22 holy ''theerthams'' of the temple.<ref name="Zee" /> The consecration of the temple was planned during 2013.<ref name="Zee" /> The temple is among those offering free meals under the Free Meals Scheme of the government, which provides meals to devotees of the temple. A pilgrim house is planned by the government to extend the scheme to more pilgrims.<ref name="Zee" />

==See also==
* [[Tirthas of Rameswaram]]
* [[Dhanushkodi]]

==Notes==
{{reflist|30em}}

==References==
{{refbegin|30em}}
* {{Cite book |last=Aiyangar |first=Krishnaswami S. |title=South India and Her Muhammadan Invaders |year=1991 |publisher=Asian Educational Services |location=New Delhi |isbn=81-206-0536-5 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w6zkx_Ck3FwC&q=ramesvaram&pg=PA101 }}
* {{cite book|last=Mittal|first=Sushil|title=The Hindu World|year=2004|publisher=Routledge|location=New York|isbn=0-203-64470-0|ref=Mittal}}
* {{cite book|last=Jones|first=Constance|title=Encyclopedia of Hinduism|year=2007|publisher=Infobase Publishing|location=New York|isbn=978-0-8160-5458-9|ref=Jones}}
*{{cite book|last=Bandopadhyay|first=Manohar|title=Tourist destinations in India|year=2010|publisher=Oriental Books|location=Delhi|isbn=978-93-8094-400-5|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Z-PaxM04v9wC&q=ramanathaswamy+temple&pg=PA88|ref=Bandopadhyay}}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
*{{cite book |last=Brockman |first=Norbert C. |title=Encyclopedia of Sacred Places |year=2011 |publisher=ABC-CLIO, LLC |location=California |isbn=978-1-59884-655-3 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZNZ15Oow8XcC&q=char+dham&pg=PA94 |ref=Brockman }}
*{{cite book|last=Chaturvedi|first=B. K.|year=2006|title=Shiv Purana|place=New Delhi|publisher=Diamond Pocket Books (P) Ltd|edition=First|isbn=81-7182-721-7|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bchgql0em9YC&q=jyotirlinga&pg=PA58|ref=Chaturvedi}}
*{{cite book|last=Chakravarti|first=Mahadev|year=1994|title=The Concept of Rudra-Śiva Through The Ages|place=Delhi|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass|edition=Second Revised|isbn=81-208-0053-2|ref=Chakravarti}}
*{{cite book|last=Cole|first=Henry Hardy|year=1885|title=Preservation of National Monuments - First Report of the Curator of Ancient Monuments in India for the year 1883-84|publisher=The Government Central Branch Press, Calcutta|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JiUAAAAAQAAJ&q=rameshwaram+temple&pg=PR167|ref=Cole}}
*{{cite book|last=Eck|first=Diana L.|year=1999|title=Banaras, city of light|place=New York|publisher=Columbia University Press|edition=First|isbn=0-231-11447-8|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=J57C4d8Bv6UC&q=jyotirlinga&pg=PA107|ref=Eck}}
*{{cite book|last=Gwynne|first=Paul|title=World Religions in Practice: A Comparative Introduction|year=2009|publisher=Blackwell Publication|location=Oxford|isbn=978-1-4051-6702-4|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tdsRKc_knZoC&q=char+dham&pg=PT271|ref=Gwynne}}
* {{cite book|title=Hindu Pilgrimage Centres|last=Harshananda|first=Swami|ref=Harsha|edition=second|publisher=Ramakrishna Math|location=Bangalore|year=2012|isbn=978-81-7907-053-6}}
*{{cite book | last = Lochtefeld | first = James G. | title = The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Hinduism: A-M | year = 2002 | publisher = Rosen Publishing Group | isbn = 0-8239-3179-X | page = [https://archive.org/details/illustratedencyc0000loch/page/n375 122] | url = https://archive.org/details/illustratedencyc0000loch | url-access = registration | ref = Lochtefeld }}
*{{cite book|title=Tamil Nadu: an unfinished task|pages=170|last=M.|first=Thangaraj|isbn=978-0-7619-9780-1|publisher=SAGE|year=2003|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=P5uuxWfk8NIC&q=rameshwaram+temple&pg=PA154|ref=M.}}
*{{cite book |last1=Mehta |first1=Jaswant Lal |title=Advanced Study in the History of Medieval India: 1000-1526 A.D |date=1986 |publisher=Sterling Publishers |isbn=978-81-207-0573-9 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=82puAAAAMAAJ |language=en}}
*{{cite book |last= Murali |first= J. C.|title= Tamizhaga Sivatalangal |year=2000 |publisher= Chatura Padipakkam |location= Chennai|ref=Murali}}
*{{cite book|last=R.|first=Venugopalam|year=2003|title=Meditation: Any Time Any Where|place=Delhi|publisher=B. Jain Publishers (P) Ltd.|edition=First|isbn=81-8056-373-1|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZtnNw_hiA9oC&q=jyotirlinga&pg=PT113|ref=R.}}
*{{cite book |title= Setu Māhātmyam (Skānda Purāṇa Book 3:Chapter 1 (Bramha Khaṇḍa:Setu Māhātmyam) )
|title-link= Skanda Purana|ref=Setu }}
*{{cite book |last= Seturaman |first= K|title= Rameswaram Koil |year=2001 |publisher= J. J. Publications |location= Madurai|ref=Seturaman}}
*{{cite book|title=Studies in Islamic History and Civilization: In Honour of Professor David Ayalon|last1=Sharon|first1=Moshe|first2=C.E.|last2=Bosworth|first3=E.Von|last3=Dozel|last4=B.|first4=Lewis|first5=C.H.|last5=Pellat|year=1987|publisher=BRILL|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0_wUAAAAIAAJ&q=rameswaram+history&pg=PA271|isbn=9789652640147}}
*{{cite book|title=Yatra2Yatra|last=Singh|first=Sanjay|publisher=Yatra2Yatra|page=18|year=2009|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kWqPwWpkhg0C&q=rameshwaram+temple&pg=PA18|isbn=978-81-908569-0-4|ref=Singh}}
*{{cite book|last=Singh|first=Sarina|year=2009|title=South India (Lonely Planet Regional Guide)|publisher=Lonely Planet|edition=5th|isbn=978-1-74179-155-6|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8KnLFpjEHpUC&q=ramanathaswamy+temple&pg=PA443|ref=Singh}}
*{{cite news|title=Shortage of priests at Rameswaram temple|author=S.P. Loganathan|newspaper=Deccan Chronicle|date=16 February 2012|access-date=19 February 2012|url=http://www.deccanchronicle.com/channels/cities/others/shortage-priests-rameswaram-temple-639|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231111175904/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/channels/cities/others/shortage-priests-rameswaram-temple-639|url-status=dead|archive-date=11 November 2023}}
*{{cite book|last=T.|first=Ramamurthy|year=2007|title=Engineering in Rocks For Slopes Foundations And Tunnels|place=Delhi|publisher=PHI Learning Private Limited|edition=2bd|isbn=978-81-203-3275-1|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ls1MSleftQ8C&q=rameshwaram+temple&pg=PA28|ref=T.}}
*{{cite book|last=Vivekananda|first=Swami|title=The Complete Works of Swami Vivekananda|chapter=The Paris Congress of the History of Religions|chapter-url=http://www.ramakrishnavivekananda.info/vivekananda/volume_4/translation_prose/the_paris_congress.htm|volume=4|ref=Vivekananda}}
*{{cite news|title=Renovation & consecration completed in 630 temples|author=Zee News|newspaper=Zee News|date=20 February 2012|access-date=19 February 2012|url=http://zeenews.india.com/news/tamil-nadu/renovation-and-consecration-completed-in-630-temples_759073.html}}
{{refend}}

== External links ==
{{commons category|Ramanathaswamy Temple}}
{{Shaivism}}

[[Category:Hindu temples in Ramanathapuram district]]
[[Category:Char Dham temples]]
[[Category:Jyotirlingas]]
[[Category:Padal Petra Stalam]]
[[Category:Rameswaram]]
[[Category:Shiva temples in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Hindu temples sacked in the Muslim period in the Indian subcontinent]]
[[es:Ramanatha Swami]]
[[Category:Shiva temples in Ramanathapuram district]]
[[Category:Shaivism]]

Jaswant Singh Gill

2026-02-06T04:01:45Z

GarnetWelton89: Revised and enhanced article content

{{Short description|Indian mining engineer}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}{{Use Indian English|date=January 2025}}

{{Infobox person
| honorific_prefix = [[SJRP]]
| name = Jaswant Singh Gill
| image =
| other_names = Capsule Gill<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mani |first=Sowmya |date=2022-07-02 |title='Capsule Gill' Biopic: True Story of Mining Engineer Jaswant Gill, Who Saved 65 Lives |url=https://thebetterindia.com/289759/capsule-jaswant-gill-biopic-movie-real-life-mining-engineer-rescue-operation/ |access-date=2025-01-03 |website=The Better India |language=en-US}}</ref>
| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=y|1939|11|22}}
| birth_place = [[Sathiala]], Amritsar, Punjab (India)
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=y|2019|11|26|1939|11|22}}
| death_place = [[Amritsar]], Punjab (India)
| education = {{Unbulleted list|[[B.S.]] (non-medical) from [[Khalsa College, Amritsar]], [[Punjab]] (in 1959)|[[B. Tech]] in [[Mining Engineering]] from [[IIT (ISM)]], [[Dhanbad]], [[Jharkhand]] (in 1965)}}
| years_active = 1989-2019
| employer = {{unbulleted list|[[Thapar Group|Karam Chand Thapar & Bros (coal Sales) Limited]] (1965-1973)|[[Coal India Limited]] (1973-1998)}}
| known_for = 1989 Raniganj miners rescue operation
| spouse = Nirdosh Kaur
| children = 4
| awards = [[File:Sarvottam Jeevan Raksha Padak ribbon.svg|20px]] [[Sarvottam Jeevan Raksha Padak]]
}}

'''Jaswant Singh Gill''' (22 November 1939 – 26 November 2019) was an Indian engineer at [[Coal India]] known for his efforts in rescuing 65 coal miners trapped in a flooded mine in [[Raniganj|Raniganj, West Bengal]], in 1989.

== Early life and education ==
Gill was born on 22 November 1939 in [[Sathiala]], Amritsar, Punjab, India.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Netizens pay tribute to Er Jaswant Singh Gill who rescued 65 coal miners in West Bengal |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/amritsar/netizens-pay-tribute-to-er-jaswant-gill-who-rescued-65-coal-miners-in-west-bengal-451712/ |access-date=2025-01-03 |website=[[The Tribune]] |language=en}}</ref> He completed his early education at an Urdu School in Amritsar and later attended Khalsa College School. He pursued a B.Sc. (non-medical) from [[Khalsa College, Amritsar]] in 1959, and graduated in [[Mining engineering|Mining Engineering]] from the [[IIT (ISM) Dhanbad|Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, Jharkhand]] in 1965.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |last=Rana |first=Yudhvir |date=2023-06-14 |title=Jaswant Singh Gill, heroic engineer who saved 65 lives, being honoured with memorial & film |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/amritsar/jaswant-singh-gill-heroic-engineer-who-saved-65-lives-being-honoured-with-memorial-film/articleshow/100994766.cms |access-date=2025-01-03 |work=[[The Times of India]] |issn=0971-8257 |agency=Times News Network}}</ref>

== Career ==
After completing his education, Gill started working for [[Thapar Group|Chand Thapar & Bros (coal Sales) Limited]] in 1965 and later joined [[Coal India|Coal India Limited]] in 1973.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Suryavanshi |first=Aditi |date=2023-10-06 |title=Real Story of Jaswant Singh Gill, Who Inspired Akshay Kumar's 'Mission Raniganj' |url=https://www.thequint.com/explainers/real-story-of-jaswant-singh-gill-who-inspired-akshay-kumar-mission-raniganj |access-date=2025-01-10 |website=[[The Quint]] |language=en}}</ref> He was known for his innovative approach and dedication to mining safety.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-09-26 |title=Jaswant Singh Gill: IIT Dhanbad engineer who saved 65 trapped coal miners |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/education-today/news/story/jaswant-singh-gill-iit-dhanbad-engineer-who-saved-65-trapped-coal-miners-2440733-2023-09-26 |access-date=2025-01-03 |website=[[India Today]] |language=en}}</ref>

=== 1989 Raniganj rescue operation ===
On night of 13 November 1989 during a time blast at the Mahabir Colliery, [[Bardhaman|Burdwan]] ([[Raniganj]]) in [[West Bengal]] a sudden flood trapped 71 miners in an underground mine (below 350 ft ground level).<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2016-09-15 |orig-date=2019-11-28 |title=Jaswant Singh Gill, The Braveheart Engineer Who Risked Own Life To Save 65 Miners |url=https://thebetterindia.com/68352/jaswant-singh-gill-coal-india-west-bengal-rescue-hero-inspirational-life-interview/ |access-date=2025-01-03 |website=The Better India |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Goyal |first=Khushbu |date=2017-06-09 |title=ये हैं 'द हीरो ऑफ रानीगंज', 6 घंटे में अकेले बचाई थी 65 मजदूरों की जान |trans-title="The Hero of Raniganj: He Single-Handedly Saved 65 Laborers in Just 6 Hours |url=https://www.amarujala.com/photo-gallery/chandigarh/story-of-the-hero-of-raniganj-the-brave-engineer-jaswant-singh-gill?pageId=5 |access-date=2025-01-03 |website=[[Amar Ujala]] |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Sanchaniya |first=Dhruv |date=2023-10-07 |title='મિશન રાનીગંજ'ના રિયલ હીરો જસવંત સિંહ ગિલ: 350 ફૂટ પેટાળમાંથી 65 લોકોને બચાવ્યા, પુત્ર કહે છે, 'પપ્પાનો આદેશ હતો, પ્લાન મારો છે, હું જ નીચે જઈને સૌને બચાવીશ' |trans-title='Mission Raniganj' real hero Jaswant Singh Gill: Rescued 65 people from a 350-foot tunnel, son says, 'Papa's order was, the plan is mine. I will go down and save everyone.' |url=https://www.divyabhaskar.co.in/dvb-original/news/jaswant-singh-gill-the-real-life-hero-of-mission-raniganj-131949337.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231013082227/https://www.divyabhaskar.co.in/dvb-original/news/jaswant-singh-gill-the-real-life-hero-of-mission-raniganj-131949337.html |archive-date=13 October 2023 |access-date=2025-01-10 |work=[[Divya Bhaskar]] |language=gu |url-status=live }}</ref>

Gill was serving as the additional chief mining engineer at Chitra Mines but voluntarily reached the [[Raniganj Coalfield|Raniganj coal mine]] and led a daring [[rescue]] operation which started early morning on 16 November 1989 at 2:30 AM and continued for 6 hours, he successfully rescued 65 miners.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Saini |first=Neha |date=2023-10-07 |title=Hero of Amritsar |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/entertainment/hero-of-amritsar-551240/ |access-date=2025-01-10 |website=The Tribune |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=BBC World Service - Witness History, India's capsule coal mine rescue |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/w3ct5yqh |access-date=2025-01-03 |website=[[BBC World Service|BBC]] |language=en-GB}}</ref> He devised a plan to construct a steel capsule to transport miners to safety one by one.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tiwari |first=Anuj |date=2022-07-12 |title=Jaswant Singh Gill: A Brave Engineer Who Saved 64 Trapped Coal Miners By Risking His Own Life |url=https://www.indiatimes.com/trending/human-interest/akshay-kumars-jaswant-singh-gill-biopic-real-story-574575.html |access-date=2025-01-03 |website=[[Indiatimes]] |language=en-IN}}</ref><blockquote>I believe that in a time of calamity, one doesn't have the time to be afraid. One has to act.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Saini |first=Neha |date=2018-07-08 |title=Jaswant Gill, man of courage and records |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/amritsar/jaswant-gill-man-of-courage-and-records-617012/ |access-date=2025-01-10 |website=[[The Tribune]] |language=en}}</ref></blockquote>His efforts were recognized with the prestigious '[[Sarvottam Jeevan Raksha Padak]]' by then-[[President of India]], [[Ramaswamy Venkataraman]], in 1991.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-10-04 |title=Mission Raniganj's real story: How Jaswant Singh Gill, the inspiration behind Akshay Kumar's character, saved lives of 65 miners |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/mission-raniganj-real-story-akshay-kumar-how-jaswant-singh-gill-saved-lives-of-65-miners-8966702/ |access-date=2025-01-03 |website=[[The Indian Express]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Vandana |date=2023-10-05 |title=अक्षय कुमार की मिशन रानीगंज फ़िल्म के असली हीरो जसवंत सिंह गिल कौन हैं? |trans-title=Who is Jaswant Singh Gill, the Real Hero of Akshay Kumar's Mission Raniganj Film? |url=https://www.bbc.com/hindi/articles/cjk7nzk00ppo |access-date=2025-01-10 |website=[[BBC News Hindi]] |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Sharma |first=Amit |date=2023-09-06 |title=कौन हैं रियल लाइफ हीरो जसवंत सिंह गिल? जिनकी कहानी बड़े पर्दे पर लेकर आ रहे अक्षय कुमार |trans-title=Who is the real-life hero Jaswant Singh Gill, whose story Akshay Kumar is bringing to the big screen? |url=https://www.aajtak.in/entertainment/bollywood-news/story/who-is-jaswant-singh-gill-akshay-kumar-raniganj-real-life-hero-story-struggle-tmovk-1773713-2023-09-06 |access-date=2025-01-10 |website=[[Aaj Tak]] |language=hi}}</ref>

=== Post retirement ===
Gill retired from Coal India in 1998 at the age of 60. In 2008, he was appointed as a member in Disaster management committee at Amritsar, Punjab (India).<ref>National Disaster Management Authority Of India, 1998 Appointments</ref>{{better citation needed|date=January 2025}}

=== 2018 Meghalaya rescue operation ===
Gill was invited during [[2018 Meghalaya mining accident]] by [[Conrad Sangma]], 12th [[Chief Minister of Meghalaya]] due to his expertise in mine mishaps for a rescue operation held in December 2018 at [[East Jaintia Hills district|East Jaintia hills]], [[Meghalaya]], India.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2018-12-21 |title=Mining expert suggests Meghalaya govt to seek help of CIL for rescue operation |url=https://energy.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/coal/mining-expert-suggests-that-meghalaya-govt-seek-help-of-cil-for-rescue-operation/67189192 |access-date=2025-01-03 |website=[[The Economic Times|ETEnergyworld.com]] |language=en |agency=[[Press Trust of India]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Laitphlang |first=David |date=2018-12-19 |title=Centre to send help to Meghalaya to rescue trapped miners: CM Conrad Sangma |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/centre-to-send-help-to-meghalaya-to-rescue-trapped-miners-cm-conrad-sangma/story-XQULEdvQLIx4sSB8HZGLyK.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210617113520/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/centre-to-send-help-to-meghalaya-to-rescue-trapped-miners-cm-conrad-sangma/story-XQULEdvQLIx4sSB8HZGLyK.html |archive-date=17 June 2021 |access-date=2025-01-03 |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |language=en-us |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-12-21 |title=Jaswant Gill joins Meghalaya rescue operation |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/amritsar/jaswant-gill-joins-meghalaya-rescue-operation-701746/ |access-date=2025-01-03 |website=[[The Tribune]] |language=en}}</ref> Gill suggested [[Government of Meghalaya|Meghalaya state government]] to take help from Coal India.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2018-12-20 |title=Mining engineer, who rescued 64 from WB flooded quarry in 1989, to aid Meghalaya search ops |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2018/Dec/20/mining-engineer-who-rescued-64-from-wb-flooded-quarry-in-1989-to-aid-meghalaya-search-ops-1914183.html |access-date=2025-01-10 |website=[[The New Indian Express]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-12-20 |title=Meghalaya coal mine mishap: Mining expert visits site, suggests state government should take Coal India's help |url=https://www.firstpost.com/india/meghalaya-coal-mine-mishap-mining-expert-visits-site-suggests-state-government-should-take-coal-indias-help-5767191.html |access-date=2025-01-10 |website=[[Firstpost]] |language=en-us |agency=[[Press Trust of India]]}}</ref>

== Personal life ==
Gill was married to Nirdosh Kaur, and they had two sons and two daughters (Poonam Gill and Hina Gill).His best friend in early days was chandra Dev Mishra from Nirsa<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=2019-11-28 |title=Jaswant Singh Gill, the Man who Saved 65 Miners in Bengal, Passes Away at 80 |url=https://www.indiatodayne.in/national/story/jaswant-singh-gill-man-who-saved-65-miners-bengal-passes-away-80-409044-2019-11-28 |access-date=2025-01-03 |website=[[India Today|India Today NE]] |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Satija |first=Garima |date=2023-10-07 |title=Meet Jaswant Singh Gill's Family Who's Super Elated With Akshay Kumar's Film 'Mission Raniganj' |url=https://www.indiatimes.com/entertainment/originals/jaswant-singh-gill-family-super-elated-with-akshay-kumars-film-mission-raniganj-617060.html#:~:text=Meet%20Jaswant%20Singh%20Gill's%20Family%20consisting%20of%20his%20wife%20Nirdosh,Poonam%20Gill%20and%20Hina%20Gill. |access-date=2025-01-11 |website=[[Indiatimes]] |language=en-IN}}</ref> His elder son, Sarpreet Singh Gill is a cardiologist from [[Johns Hopkins University Hospital|Johns Hopkins University]] who returned to Amritsar in 2008, and his younger son, Randip Singh Gill, is an entrepreneur and real estate professional in [[Vancouver|Vancouver, Canada]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Singh |first=Simran |title=Jaswant Singh Gill's family reacts to Akshay Kumar's portrayal of real hero in Mission Raniganj: 'Nobody could...' |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/bollywood/report-jaswant-singh-gill-s-family-reacts-to-akshay-kumar-s-portrayal-of-real-hero-in-mission-raniganj-nobody-3063428 |access-date=2025-01-03 |website=[[DNA India]] |language=en}}</ref>

== Death ==
Gill died on 26 November 2019 due to [[cardiac arrest]] at his home in Amritsar, Punjab.<ref>{{Cite web |title=गर्व की बात: अमृतसर के जसवंत सिंह को मिलेगा कोहिनूर-ए-हिंद, रानीगंज खान से 65 लोगों को बचाकर पाई थी शोहरत |url=https://www.amarujala.com/punjab/amritsar/engineer-jaswant-singh-of-amritsar-will-get-kohinoor-e-hind-2024-11-25 |access-date=2025-01-03 |website=[[Amar Ujala]] |language=hi}}</ref><ref name=":2" />

== Awards and honours ==
{{Expand section|date=January 2025}}
* [[Sarvottam Jeevan Raksha Padak]] (1991)<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Paul |first=GS |date=2024-11-17 |title=Recalling heroic efforts of 'Capsule Gill' to rescue trapped coal miners in Raniganj |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/amritsar/recalling-heroic-efforts-of-capsule-gill-to-rescue-trapped-coal-miners-in-raniganj/ |access-date=2025-01-03 |website=[[The Tribune]] |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Limca Book of Records]] for most successful coal mine rescue operation (2005)<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |title=Who is Jaswant Singh Gill? Man whose daring act made it to World Book of Record, life inspired Akshay's Mission Raniganj |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/bollywood/report-who-is-jaswant-singh-gill-man-whose-act-made-to-world-book-of-record-inspired-akshay-kumar-mission-raniganj-3062334 |access-date=2025-01-03 |website=[[DNA India]] |language=en}}</ref>
* World Book of Records for largest coal mine rescue operation<ref>{{Cite web |title=Er. Jaswant Singh Gill |url=https://worldbookofrecords.uk/records/record_detail/er.-jaswant-singh-gill228 |access-date=2025-01-03 |website=worldbookofrecords.uk |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Lifetime Achievement Award]] for Mining by the Indian School of Mines Alumni Association (2009)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Er.Jaswant Singh Gill |url=https://sikhsthesupreme.in/er.jaswantsinghgill.html |access-date=2025-01-03 |website=sikhsthesupreme.in}}</ref>
* Bhagat Singh Puran Award (2016)<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bhadra |first=Piyali |date=2023-10-05 |title=Who Is Jaswant Singh Gill? Know The Man Behind Akshay Kumar's Survival-Drama Mission Raniganj |url=https://www.thedailyjagran.com/entertainment/who-is-jaswant-singh-gill-know-the-man-behind-akshay-kumar-led-survival-drama-mission-raniganj-10105243 |access-date=2025-01-03 |website=[[Dainik Jagran|English Jagran]] |language=en}}</ref>
* Pride of the Nation Award (2019){{Citation needed|date=January 2025}}
* [[Honorary Doctorate|Honorary Doctorate (PhD)]] by Universal Achievers University (2019){{Citation needed|date=January 2025}}
* Bangla Gaurav Samman (2024)<ref>{{Cite web |last=Paul |first=GS |date=2024-09-24 |title=Amritsar-based engineer honoured posthumously |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/amritsar/amritsar-based-engineer-honoured-posthumously/ |access-date=2025-01-03 |website=[[The Tribune]] |language=en}}</ref>
* Kohinoor E Hind National Award by Mother India Care Trust (2024)<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2024-11-20 |title=IIT से बीटेक, अब मिलेगा मरणोपरांत 'कोहनूर-ए-हिंद' खिताब, जानें कौन थे मिशन रानीगंज के रियल हीरो जसवंत गिल |trans-title=B.Tech from IIT, now awarded the 'Kohinoor-e-Hind' title posthumously: Discover the real hero of Mission Raniganj, Jaswant Gill |url=https://www.tv9hindi.com/education/who-is-engineer-jaswant-singh-gill-education-biography-life-stroy-those-will-get-kohinoor-e-hind-title-posthumously-2953371.html |access-date=2025-01-03 |website=[[TV9 Bharatvarsh]] |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-11-20 |editor-last=Kaur |editor-first=Parminder |title=जसवंत सिंह गिल को मरणोपरांत मिलेगा ''कोहिनूर-ए-हिंद'' अवॉर्ड |trans-title=Jaswant Singh Gill will be posthumously awarded the 'Kohinoor-e-Hind' title |url=https://www.punjabkesari.in/national/news/jaswant-singh-gill-will-receive-the--kohinoor-e-hind--award-posthumously-2063915 |access-date=2025-01-03 |website=[[Punjab Kesari]]}}</ref>

== Legacy ==
A roundabout in Majitha Road in Amritsar was named after Gill in 2021, two years after his death.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2021-11-09 |title=जसवंत सिंह गिल को सम्मान: इंजीनियर के नाम पर रखा गया मजीठा रोड स्थित चौक का नाम, 2 साल पहले हुआ था देहांत |trans-title=In honor of Jaswant Singh Gill, a chowk on Majitha Road has been named after the engineer, who passed away two years ago |url=https://www.bhaskar.com/local/punjab/amritsar/news/the-chowk-on-majitha-road-was-named-after-eng-jaswant-singh-gill-chowk-died-two-years-ago-129101069.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211225024906/https://www.bhaskar.com/local/punjab/amritsar/news/the-chowk-on-majitha-road-was-named-after-eng-jaswant-singh-gill-chowk-died-two-years-ago-129101069.html |archive-date=25 December 2021 |access-date=2025-01-03 |work=[[Dainik Bhaskar]] |language=hi |url-status=live }}</ref> A capsule (replica of what Gill used in 1989 rescue mission) was installed at an Amritsar Roundabout in 2023, four years after his death.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Memorial dedicated to Capsule Gill to be opened on Majitha Road soon |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/amritsar/memorial-dedicated-to-capsule-gill-to-be-opened-on-majitha-road-soon-519439/ |access-date=2025-01-03 |website=[[The Tribune]] |language=en}}</ref>

== In popular culture ==
A film titled '[[Mission Raniganj]]' , directed by [[Tinu Suresh Desai]] was released in 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2023-09-07 |title=कोण आहे जसवंत सिंग गिल? अक्षय कुमार प्रेरणा देणाऱ्या रीयल लाईफ हीरोची कहाणी |trans-title=Who is Jaswant Singh Gill: The story of a real-life hero who inspired Akshay Kumar? |url=https://www.lokmat.com/filmy/bollywood/story-of-a-real-life-hero-jaswant-singh-gill-who-inspired-akshay-kumar-a-a988/ |access-date=2025-01-10 |website=[[Lokmat]] |language=mr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-10-15 |title=Expresso Bollywood Feature on Jaswant Singh Gill: The Real-Life Hero Behind Akshay Kumar's Character in Mission Raniganj |url=https://indianexpress.com/audio/expresso-entertainment-update/expresso-bollywood-feature-on-jaswant-singh-gill-the-real-life-hero-behind-akshay-kumars-character-in-mission-raniganj/8977368/ |access-date=2025-01-10 |website=[[The Indian Express]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2022-11-16 |title=Akshay Kumar soon portray real-life hero Sardar Jaswant Singh Gill |url=https://www.thestatesman.com/entertainment/akshay-kumar-soon-portray-real-life-hero-sardar-jaswant-singh-gill-1503131469.html |access-date=2025-01-10 |website=[[The Statesman (India)|The Statesman]] |language=en}}</ref> In the film, [[Akshay Kumar]] played the lead role of Gill.<ref>{{Cite web |editor-last=Kumar |editor-first=Naveen |title=Mission Raniganj: Akshay Kumar Remembers Jaswant Singh Gill On Engineers Day |url=https://www.india.com/entertainment/mission-raniganj-akshay-kumar-remembers-jaswant-singh-gill-on-engineers-day-fulfilled-my-parents-wish-stst-6325309/ |access-date=2025-01-03 |website=[[India.com]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2023-09-15 |title=Akshay Kumar Pays Tribute To Real-Life Hero Jaswant Singh Gill On Engineer's Day |url=https://news.abplive.com/entertainment/celebrities/mission-raniganj-akshay-kumar-pays-tribute-to-real-life-hero-jaswant-singh-gill-on-engineer-s-day-1629759 |access-date=2025-01-03 |website=[[ABP News]] |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Subject bar|commons=yes|commons-search=Category:Jaswant Singh Gill|d=yes|d-search=Q131628463|portal1=Biography|portal2=}}
* {{Instagram|id=er.jsinghgill|name=Er.Jaswant Singh Gill}}

[[Category:Indian mining engineers]]
{{DEFAULTSORT:Gill, Jaswant}}
[[Category:1939 births]]
[[Category:2019 deaths]]
[[Category:Punjabi people]]
[[Category:People from Amritsar district]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian engineers]]
[[Category:Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad alumni]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Sarvottam Jeevan Raksha Padak]]

N. N. Pillai

2026-02-04T21:17:15Z

GarnetWelton89: small enhanced page and added references

{{short description|Indian playwright and actor}}
{{Distinguish|Omchery N. N. Pillai}}
{{More citations needed|date=February 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2018}}
{{Infobox person
| name = '''N. N. Pillai'''
| image = Nnpillaidrama.jpg
| image_size =
| caption = Pillai
| birth_name = Narayana Pillai Narayana Pillai
| birth_date = {{birth date|1918|12|23|df=yes}}{{Citation needed|date=June 2022}}
| birth_place = [[Vaikom, Travancore]], [[British India]]
(Present day, Vaikom, Kottayam district, India)
| death_date = {{death date and age|1995|11|14|1918|12|23|df=yes}}{{Citation needed|date=June 2022}}
| death_place = [[Kottayam]], [[Kerala]], India
| othername =
| occupation = Actor, playwright, theater director, orator, lyricist, commanding officer in I.N.A Field Propaganda Unit
| yearsactive =
| spouse = Chinnamma(Kalyanikutti Amma)
| children = [[Vijayaraghavan (actor)|Vijayaraghavan]]
}}

'''N. N. Pillai''' (Narayana Pillai Narayana Pillai; 1918–1995) was an Indian [[playwright]], actor, [[theatre director]], [[orator]], screenplay writer, lyricist and an I.N.A Freedom fighter. He served as Commanding Officer of Field Propaganda Unit under [[Subhas Chandra Bose|Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose]] in [[Indian National Army|INA – Indian National Army]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://entertainment.oneindia.in/malayalam/top-stories/2009/n-n-pillai-plays-dc-books-090209.html |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120707203205/http://entertainment.oneindia.in/malayalam/top-stories/2009/n-n-pillai-plays-dc-books-090209.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=7 July 2012 |title=N N Pillai's Plays Published |publisher=Oneindia |access-date=2009-02-09 }}</ref> He has been given the title “Nadakacharyan” of Malayalam Theatre.{{Citation needed|date=June 2022}} through his contributions to theater as a playwright, director, actor and a producer.

He started his drama troupe “Viswa Kerala Kala Samithi” in 1952. He has produced 23 full-length plays, 40 one act plays, 2 theatrical studies and his autobiography “Njan” meaning “I”.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Nivin Pauly to play theatre legend N N Pillai in biopic by Rajeev Ravi|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/2017/oct/12/nivin-pauly-to-play-theatre-legend-n-n-pillai-in-biopic-by-rajeev-ravi-1671857.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171023120907/http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/2017/oct/12/nivin-pauly-to-play-theatre-legend-n-n-pillai-in-biopic-by-rajeev-ravi-1671857.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=23 October 2017|access-date=2021-05-31|website=The New Indian Express}}</ref> His plays, which question the socio political injustice, hypocrisy and corruptions in society, include ''Kapalika'', ''Cross Belt'', ''Prethalokam'', ''Dam'', ''Vishamavritham'', ''Easwarn Arrestil'', ''Guerilla'', ''Supreme Court'' and N''jan Swargathil''.

== Early and personal life ==
[[File:Nnpillai19years.jpg|thumb|Pillai as a 19 year old]]
Pillai was born on 23 December 1918 at [[Vaikom]], [[Thalayazham]] to Keettuparambil Narayana Pillai and Thethathil Parukkutty Amma (Parvathi).<ref name="Biography on Kerala Sahitya Akademi portal">{{Cite web |url=http://www.keralasahityaakademi.org/sp/Writers/PROFILES/NNPillai/Html/NNPillaiPage.htm |title=Biography on Kerala Sahitya Akademi portal |date=2019-04-24 |website=Kerala Sahitya Akademi portal |access-date=2019-04-24}}</ref><ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite news|last=S.r.praveen|date=2018-11-22|title=A legend's masterpiece to be revived|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Thiruvananthapuram/a-legends-masterpiece-to-be-revived/article25561244.ece|access-date=2021-05-31|issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=CiniDiary|url=http://cinidiary.com/|access-date=2021-05-31|website=cinidiary.com|language=english}}</ref> His father was a village officer. Due to his father's official transfer he studied in different places in central Kerala. He had a taste for literature at a very early age which he gives credit to his mother. He started reading books at the age of 6 and by the age of 12; he had memorized 5000 plus Akshara Slokams and poems and had won many competitions. Languages, history, philosophy and human civilizations were his favorite subjects.
He did his intermediate from [[CMS College Kottayam]] but failed in the exams. He went to [[British Malaya|Malaysia]] at the age of 19, in search of a job where he worked as a Journalist (sub-editor for ''Kerala Bandhu Daily'' and Staff Reporter for ''Singapore Herald''), estate manager and medical dresser and later joined INA during World War II.{{Citation needed|date=June 2022}} During his stint in Malaysia, he became a reader of English books and novels. He mastered Malayan and Japanese language during this period. While working as a journalist he interviewed hollywood actor [[Paul Muni]] in Singapore.{{Citation needed|date=June 2022}}

During the [[Second World War]], he was part of the Field Propaganda Unit as Commanding Officer of a 58-member Team of [[Indian National Army|INA]]. After dissolution of INA he returned to India in 1946 and married Chinnamma. He became popular and recognized as an INA freedom fighter and was appointed the Travancore State Secretary of INA Relief fund under [[Pattom Thanu Pillai]]. Along with his wife and elder daughter, he went to [[British Malaya]] again where he worked for four years as an estate manager and medical dresser.{{Citation needed|date=June 2022}} He himself took birth of his son Vijayaraghavan while working in an estate in Malaya.{{Citation needed|date=June 2022}}
[[File:Nnpillaiwifechinnamma.jpg|thumb|Pillai with his wife Chinnamma]]
[[File:Nnpfamily.jpg|thumb|Pillai's family, his wife, son [[Vijayaraghavan]] and daughters]]
His family includes son [[Vijayaraghavan (actor)|Vijayaraghavan]], who is a Malayalam film actor.

== Stint With INA ==

While working in Malaysia as a journalist and estate supervisor in 1942, he was attracted by the patriotic and freedom movements, the Indian Independence League and the Indian National Army. He left his estate job and joined INA in Gafar company Platoon II under Platoon Commander Major Somasundaram as Nayik/ soldier.{{Citation needed|date=June 2022}} After few months of training he was moved to Field Propaganda Unit named "Azad Hind Dal" formed under guidance of [[Subhas Chandra Bose|Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose]] in Singapore. He was elevated to the rank of Commanding officer of a 58 member unit.{{Citation needed|date=June 2022}} His troop was moved to Mergui and later to Rangoon as a backup for the Imphal war. During his association with Netaji once he asked him about the trustworthiness of the Japanese army, for which Netaji replied "If required the guns can be used for firing backwards also".{{Citation needed|date=June 2022}} After dissolution of the I.N.A in 1945 by Netaji, pillai was taken to Calcutta by the British army, where he managed to escape en route to the prison and returned to his native, Kottayam.{{Citation needed|date=June 2022}} In-spite of being the commanding officer for a Unit and the secretary of I.N.A Travancore state relief fund he has never availed any pension or grants for his services.{{Citation needed|date=June 2022}}

== Theatre and movies ==
[[File:PillaiNN3.jpg|thumb|Pillai writing]]
Pillai started his drama troupe called ''Viswa Kerala Kala Samithi'' in 1952 under the presence of acclaimed poet [[Vallathol Narayana Menon]]. ''Manushyan'' meaning ''Human'' was the first drama staged by Viswa Kerala Kala Samithi. Pillai and his family members performed in all his dramas making it a family affair. The initial dramas he had written were during his stint in INA at the age of 24 which upheld patriotism and national pride. ''[[Tantia Tope]]'' was the first play written and directed by him in which he played the role of thantia thope. The play was written in English. It was translated into various languages and staged in military camps in INA.{{Citation needed|date=June 2022}} ''Qurbani'' was the second drama he had written under Netaji's instruction, which was staged in front of Netaji [[Subhas Chandra Bose]] while in Ragoon camp.

Later while working as a teacher for a short stint in Kililoor Sanskrit school, Kottayam in 1946 he had written a one-act play: ''Aa Ottu Company Mathiyarunnu'' for the schools annual day and was staged by students of the school under his direction. All his plays addressed the social inequality, injustice, corruption and hypocrisy. His wife Chinnamma, sister [[:ml:ജി. ഓമന|G.Omana]] (winner of Kerala state award for best actress – theatre) played in his plays. His troupe ''Viswa Kerala Kala Samithi'' staged his plays until 2005, by his son [[Vijayaraghavan (actor)|Vijayaraghavan]] and son-in-law Rajendra Babu.

Some of his plays are ''Easwaran Arrestil'', ''Kapalika'', ''Supreme Court'',''Prethalokam'', ''Gorilla'', ''Folydol'', ''Kanakku Chembakaraman'' and ''Cross Belt''. His plays ''Kapalika'' and ''Cross Belt'' were remade into movies.{{Citation needed|date=June 2022}} Pillai also acted in movies in Malayalam, ''Kapalika'', ''[[Godfather (1991 film)|Godfather]]'' and ''Naadody'' ''Godfather'' was also remade into [[Telugu cinema|Telugu]] and [[Tamil cinema|Tamil]] where he acted in the same role in all these languages.{{Citation needed|date=June 2022}}

A stone monument made of Krishnashila stone depicting a theatre is built at his residence [[Olassa]], [[Kottayam district|Kottayam]] in 1996. Every year, a gathering of family members and admirers lights lamp and shower flowers at the monument on 14 November, the day of his death. Cultural personalities are honored and young talents are awarded by NN Pillai foundation formed by his son Vijayaraghavan and Daya Samskarika Vedhi, Kodayampady, Kottayam on the same day.{{Citation needed|date=June 2022}}

Every year since 2012, a fortnight long drama festival is conducted by Chorus arts society Maniyattu, Kasargod district in November in remembrance of Pillai. The festival ends with honoring the best play, playwright, actor and actress.{{Citation needed|date=June 2022}}

== Awards and accolades ==
{{unreferenced section|date=June 2022}}
* Kerala Sahithya Academy Award for the Best Play in 1967 for "Prethalokam"
* Kerala Education Society (Delhi) award in 1967
* [[Kerala Sangeetha Nataka Akademi Award]] in 1969 for Acting<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.keralaculture.org/drama-a-ksna/465 |title=Kerala Sangeetha Nataka Akademi Award: Drama |publisher=Department of Cultural Affairs, Government of Kerala|access-date=26 February 2023}}</ref>
* Malayala Nadu Award in 1970 for Best Dramatist
* Kerala sahithya Academy Award in 1971 for 'Nadakadarpanam"
* Best Playwright Award for his drama "Manwantharam" by Amateur cultures Trivandrum in 1975
* Abhudhabi Malayali Samajam Sahithya award for his Autobiography "Njan" Award in 1982
* Kerala State Award in 1990 for his contribution to theatre.
* Sri Swathi Thirunal Sangeeta Sabha Award in 1991 for his works in theatre
* Prof. Krishna Pillai Foundation Award in 1992 for his excellence in theatre
* Sreerangom award in 1992 for his contribution to Malayalam theatre
* [[Kerala Sangeetha Nataka Akademi Fellowship]] in 1992 for his contribution to [[Malayalam drama]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.keralaculture.org/drama-ksna/457|title=Kerala Sangeetha Nataka Akademi Fellowship: Drama|publisher=Department of Cultural Affairs, Government of Kerala|access-date=25 February 2023}}</ref>

==Filmography==
* 1973 – ''[[Kaapalika]]'' as Lazar
* 1991 – ''[[Godfather (1991 film)|Godfather]]'' ''as'' Anjooran<ref name=":0" />
* 1992 – [[Naadody]] as Prabhakara Menon
* 1992 – ''[[Peddarikam]]'' (Telugu) as Parvathaneni Parasuramayya

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
*[http://www.nnpillai.com] www.nnpillai.com
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Persecution of Kashmiri Shias

2026-01-15T12:18:36Z

GarnetWelton89:

{{Short description|Genocide of Kashmiri Shias over 16th to 18th century}}
History of [[Shia Islam in India|Shi'ism in Kashmir]] is marked with conflict and strife, spanning over half a millennium.{{Sfn|Hollister|1953|p=150}} Incidents of [[Sectarianism|sectarian]] violence occurred in [[Kashmir]] under the rule of Mirza Haider Dughlat, followed by the [[Mughal Empire|Mughals]] (1586–1752), the [[Durrani Empire|Afghans]] (1752–1819), the [[Sikh Empire|Sikhs]] (1819–1845) and the [[Dogra dynasty|Dogras]] (1846–1947). A small Shia community has managed to survive in Kashmir till today.

== Background ==
[[File:Mirshamsuddinaraqi.jpg|thumb|Tomb of [[Tomb of Shams-ud-Din Araqi|Mir Shams-ud-Din Araqi]]]]
In 1381 CE, after [[Timur]] invaded Iran, [[Mir Sayyid Ali Hamadani|Mir Syed Ali Hamdani]], an Iranian Sufi arrived in Kashmir with a large number of disciples and preached Islam.

According to the 1873 British gazetteer of Kashmir:{{Sfn|Bates|1873|p=31}}

{{Blockquote|text=The Sunnis far outnumber the Shias, . . . of the latter there were said to be only a thousand houses, numbering about five or six thousand souls, . . . found chiefly at Zadibal, about two koss to the north of Srinagar, at Nandapor and Hassanabad, near to the city lake. Though so few in number, the men of this sect form the most active, industrious, and well-to-do portion of the Mohamedan community. The finest papier-mache workers and shawl makers in Srinagar are Shias, and some of the wealthiest men in the city belong to that sect}}

== The Incidents ==

=== The first cycle ===
In 1532 CE, [[Sultan Said Khan]] dispatched an army under the command of [[Mirza Muhammad Haidar Dughlat|Mirza Haider Dughlat]] that attacked Baltistan and Ladakh from [[Kashgar]].{{Sfn|Rizvi|1986|p=171}} He suffered a military defeat and after death of Said Khan, joined the Mughal King [[Humayun]] in Agra. He returned to Kashmir 1540 CE, accompanied by 400 Mughal troops, at the invitation of one of the two rival factions that continually fought for power in Kashmir. He put an end to the Chak rule. His reign was a reign of terror and Shias had no choice but to practice ''[[Taqiya|Taqiyya]]''.{{Sfn|Rizvi|1986|p=172-173}} He asked opinion of Sunni scholars on a book, ''fiqh-i-Ahwat'' by [[Muhammad Nurbakhsh Qahistani|Syed Muhammad Noorbakhsh]], which was declared heresy. Mirza Dughlat writes:{{Sfn|Hollister|1953|p=148}}

{{Blockquote|text=Many of the people of Kashmir who were strongly attached to this apostasy, I brought back, whether they would or no, to the true faith, and many I slew. A number took refuge in Sufism but they are not true Sufis, having nothing but the name.}}

Mirza's policy of religious discrimination accelerated his decline. This sparked an all-out uprising and Dughlat was assassinated by the end of the same year and the Chak rule was restored.{{sfnp|Bamzai, Medieval Kashmir|1994|p=374}}

=== The second cycle===
In 1554, a Shia soldier Yusuf Mandav had a fight with a Sunni cleric Qazi Habibullah Khawarizmi after religious arguments. Qazi received serious injuries.{{Sfn|Rizvi|1986|p=178}} However, the Qazi survived and Yusuf had hastily been stoned to death by a Sunni judge for attempting to kill him. The Shias demanded that justice be observed and the man who issued the decree for Yusuf's [[Stoning|stoning-to-death]] be punished. Mirza Muqim, Akbar's envoy, killed Qazi Musa and Mulla Yusuf, resulting in tensions between the two communities.{{sfnp|Bamzai, Medieval Kashmir|1994|p=377}}

One violent sectarian clash came in 1568, which resulted in tensions between Kashmir's ruler and Akbar.{{Sfn|Hollister|1953|p=148}} In 1585 CE, the ruler Yaqub Shah Chak demanded that Sunnis raise Shia slogans, which created divide. This provided Mughal Empire a perfect opportunity to attack Kashmir. [[Raja Bhagwan Das]] annexed Kashmir into [[Mughal Empire]]. The Chak rule came to an end and finally in 1589, the [[Akbar|Mughal king Akbar]] extended his rule to Kashmir.{{Sfn|Hollister|1953|p=148}}

=== The third cycle ===
By the end of sixteenth century, famous Sunni saint [[Ahmad Sirhindi]] (1564 - 1624) had penned down a treatise under the title "''Radd-e-Rawafiz''" to justify the slaughter of Shias by [[Abdullah Khan II|Abdullah Khan Uzbek]] in Mashhad. In this he argues:<ref>Yohanan Friedmann, "Shaykh Ahmad Sirhindi: An Outline of His Thought and a Study of His Image in the Eyes of Posterity", Chapter 5, Section 3, Oxford University Press (2001).</ref>
{{Blockquote|text=Since the Shia permit cursing Abu Bakr, Umar, Uthman and one of the chaste wives (of the Prophet), which in itself constitutes infidelity, it is incumbent upon the Muslim ruler, nay upon all people, in compliance with the command of the Omniscient King (Allah), to kill them and to oppress them in order to elevate the true religion. It is permissible to destroy their buildings and to seize their property and belongings.}}

Itqad Khan, who held the post of governor for eleven years, was a ruthless tyrant. He treated the Shias with utmost brutality.{{sfnp|Bamzai, Medieval Kashmir|1994|p=406}} The Naqshbandi saints Khawaja Khawand Mahmud and disciples of Ahmad Sirhindi disliked Shias. During Zafar Khan's first rule, in 1636 CE, while people were picking fruits, an argument started between a Shia and a Sunni and it escalated to an all-out attack on the Shia neighborhoods.{{Sfn|Rizvi|1986|p=37}}{{sfnp|Bamzai, Medieval Kashmir|1994|p=409}}

=== The fourth cycle ===
[[File:Imambara Zadibal.jpg|thumb|[[Imambara Zadibal]] is the first [[imambara]] constructed in [[Kashmir Valley]] by Kaji Chak, minister in the regime of Sultan Mohammad, in the year 1518.]]
In 1684 CE, the fourth Taraaj started with a financial matter between a Shia businessman Abdul Shakoor and a Sunni named Sadiq. Abdul Shakoor was alleged to have insulted the Companions of the Prophet and a local cleric issued a ''fatwa'' against him. Sunni mob attacked the Shia neighborhood of Hasan Abad for [[collective punishment]]. The governor Ibrahim Khan offered him security and tried to control the situation, but the Sunni clerics managed to bring in militias of Sunni [[Pashtuns|Pashtun]] tribesmen from Kabul. They forced the governor to hand over the Shia businessman, his two sons and a son-in-law to the mob for lynching. A Sunni cleric, Mulla Muhammad Tahir Mufti tried to stop the mob, but his house was set on fire too. Another Shia notable, Baba Qasim, was caught by the invading militias, humiliated and tortured to death. Governor Ibrahim Khan's mansion was too set on fire. The state tried to control the riots and some of the perpetrators were punished by death. Emperor Aurangzeb removed Ibrahim Khan from governorship and released the Sunni perpetrators.<ref>Jadunath Sarkar, "[[iarchive:in.ernet.dli.2015.98677/page/n337/mode/2up|History of Aurangzib]]", vol. 5, pp. 323-325, Orient Longman Ltd, Delhi (1952).</ref> This incident is described as the worst intra-Muslim sectarian clash during Aurangzeb's rule.{{Sfn|Hollister|1953|p=149}}

=== The fifth cycle ===
In 1719 CE, Emperor Muhammad Shah claimed the throne of Delhi. A cleric Mulla Abd-un-Nabi, also known as Mahtavi Khan, had been awarded a special status of ''Shaikh-ul-Islam'' by the Emperor. Muhammad Shah changed his policy and deprived the Mulla of special lordship and took back his ''jagir''. He decided to create disorder by organizing a campaign of hate against Hindus and Shias. This affair led to riots, the fanatics among the Sunnis started to attack properties of Hindus and Shias, and police used force to protect them. Meanwhile Mulla Abd-un-Nabi got killed and rumors spread that a Shia official had conspired his [[assassination]]. The supporters of Mulla, led by his son Sharaf-ud-Din, attacked the Shia [[Zadibal|neighborhood of Zadibal]]. The lawlessness prevailed for two years until a large Mughal force entered Kashmir from Lahore in 1722 under Abdul Samad Khan and the rebel leader Sharaf-ud-Din was killed.{{sfnp|Bamzai, Medieval Kashmir|1994|p=420-421}} Norman Hollister writes:{{Sfn|Hollister|1953|p=149}}

{{Blockquote|text=Muslims went again to the Charbeli quarter to exact retaliation for blood. This quarter was inhabited by Shias. There they began to bind, to kill and to burn. For two days, the fight was kept up, but the assailants then prevailed. Two or three thousand people, who were in that quarter, including a large number of Mughal travelers, were killed with their wives and families. Property to the value of lacs was plundered and the war raged for two or three days}}

This taraaj coincided with a power struggle among Delhi elites. Imad-ul-Mulk got some Sunni theologians on his side to declare a holy war against Safdar Jang, a Shia by faith. The propaganda called upon Sunnis to take up arms to defend the first three Caliphs. This hate mongering resulted in several bloody massacres of Shias in Kashmir and Punjab.<ref>Jadunath Sarkar, "[[iarchive:in.ernet.dli.2015.43007/page/n327/mode/2up|Fall of the Mughal Empire]]", Vol. 1, p. 303, Orient Longman Ltd, Delhi (1964).</ref>

=== The sixth cycle ===
In 1741 - 1745 CE, there was a rebellion against the Mughal governor Inayat Ullah. Following Nadir Shah's invasion of Delhi, the deputy Abu Barkat Khan rebelled against his master and declared himself independent king, murdering Inayat Ullah in 1741. Mughal Emperor appointed Asad Yar Khan as governor of Kashmir. This resulted in a revolt led by Dir Ullah Beg, together with some Shia soldiers. As a revenge, Abu Barkat Khan inflicted atrocities towards the Shia civilians of Srinagar. {{sfnp|Bamzai, Medieval Kashmir|1994|p=424}}

=== The seventh cycle ===
In 1762 - 1764 CE, the Afghan ruler of Kashmir Buland Khan Bamzai persecuted the Shias. Under the subedari of Amir Khan Jawan Sher, who supported Shias, once the rumor spread that some Shias have passed negative remarks about a Sufi saint [[Khawaja Habibullah Nowshehri]]. Furious Sunni mob attacked [[Zadibal|Zadibal neighborhood]] and torched the houses belonging to the Shias. Buland Khan ordered arrests of the Shias accused of blasphemy.{{sfnp|Bamzai, Medieval Kashmir|1994|p=439}} In 1765, a Shia cleric Hafiz Abdullah was punished by beheading for preaching Shia faith.{{sfnp|Bamzai, Medieval Kashmir|1994|p=440}} In 1788, when the then governor Juma Khan Alokzai went to Kabul to help prince Timur, sectarian riot broke out.{{sfnp|Bamzai, Medieval Kashmir|1994|p=456}}

=== The eighth cycle ===
In 1803 CE, violent clashes broke out between Shias and Sunnis.{{sfnp|Bamzai, Medieval Kashmir|1994|p=462}} The British gazetteer notes:{{Sfn|Bates|1873|p=31}}

{{Blockquote|text=In the times of the Pathans, the Shias were not allowed to enact the feast of Moharem. In the time of Abdullah Khan, who made himself independent of his master at Kabul, they attempted to celebrate, but were attacked and plundered, and their houses burnt; some 150 of them (for there were very few in the city) were collected, their noses pierced, and one string passed through them all, and thus linked together, they were made to perambulate the bazars}}

=== The ninth cycle ===
Kashmir was conquered by Sikhs in 1819. This was the time when [[Syed Ahmad Barelvi]], who later became famous for his war against Sikh Empire, was visiting towns of North Indian planes with hundreds of missionaries to preach against Shia beliefs and practices. Syed Ahmad repeatedly destroyed [[Ta'zieh|tazias]], an act that resulted in subsequent riots and chaos.{{Sfn|Rieck|2016|p=16}} Since the reign of Emperor [[Aurangzeb]], the Shias were supposed to provide the new carpets every year for [[Jamia Masjid, Srinagar]]. A violent clash occurred during the governorship of Bhima Singh Ardali. In 1831 CE, the Shia suburb of Zadibal was set on fire.{{sfnp|Bamzai, Modern Kashmir|1994|p=628}} The British gazetteer notes:{{Sfn|Bates|1873|p=31-32}}

{{Blockquote|text=In the time of the governor Bama Singh, the Shias attempted to celebrate the Moharem, but the enraged Sunnis fell upon them, killed fifteen of them, and plundered their property; and the Persian merchants, of whom there were two or three hundred, retreated from Kashmir and have never since resided there}}

Following the disturbances in the city, it is again in the genre of Kashmiri ''[[Marsiya]]'' that the Shiʿi feeling of helplessness gets registered:<blockquote>O Master! you are our guardian

fortify our souls,

for our wings are clipped, flights aborted. .....

Secure us under your wings,

we are devoted to you, do not abandon us O you with a phoenix wing.

We are caught in the talons of a tyrant, like an innocent dove in a hawk's, there's no refuge for us except you, redeem us, O Master! <ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Hamdani |first=Hakim Sameer |title=Shi'ism in Kashmir: A History of Sunni-Shia Rivalry and Reconciliation. |publisher=I.B. Tauris. |year=2023 |isbn=9780755643950 |edition=1st |location=London |pages=70 |language=English}}</ref>

</blockquote>In May 1831, Syed Ahmad Barelvi was killed in Balakot while trying to enter Kashmir.<ref>Altaf Qadir, "[[iarchive:sayyidahmadbarailvihismovementandlagacyfromthepukhtunperspectivebydr.altafqadir/page/n173/mode/2up|Sayyid Ahmad Barailvi]]", p. 150, SAGE (2015).</ref>

=== The tenth cycle ===
In 1872 CE, brutal attacks were orchestrated against Shias during the reign of Dogra Raja Ranbir Singh. The bitter violence centered around a dispute over a shrine but on the background the economic conflict between Shias and Sunnis can not be ignored. The shawl market was dominated by the high quality fabrics produced by Shia weavers of [[Zadibal]].<ref>Mridu Rai, "[https://books.google.com/books?id=qTHTI-Eus8kC&q=violence+1872 Hindu Rulers, Muslim Subjects: Islam, Rights, and the History of Kashmir]", p. 39, Hurst and Company, London (2004).</ref> The British gazetteer narrates the riots as follows:{{Sfn|Bates|1873|p=32}}

{{Blockquote|text=The disturbances then raged for more than a week, and for some time defied the efforts of the governor, who called in the aid of troops; whole districts were reduced to smoldering heaps of ruins; and business was for some time entirely suspended, a great portion of the city being deserted. The Shias fled in every direction, some seeking safety on the adjacent mountains, while others remained in the city in secret lurking places. Many of the women and children of the Shias found an asylum from the hands of their infuriated co-religionists in the houses of the Hindu portion of the community. When order was at length restored, the ringleaders of the riot were seized and imprisoned, besides hundreds or thousands, it is said, of the poorer inhabitants}}

==Modern times==
The [[Iranian Revolution|1979 Islamic Revolution of Iran]] was the turning point of the Shi'ism in Kashmir. Kashmiri Shias took the inspiration from it, their clergy went to Iran and established connection with the Iranian clergy. In the subsequent years, Kashmiri Shia institutions started sending their students to Iran and it led to the political as well as religious awareness of Kashmiri Shias. They see in the victory of the Shias in Lebanon, Iraq, Iran, Yemen their own triumph.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-08-02 |title=Chequered History of Shia Islam in Kashmir - Kashmir Newsline - Expression Unleashed |url=https://kashmirnewsline.net/chequered-history-of-shia-islam-in-kashmir/ |access-date=2025-06-11 |website=Kashmir Newsline |language=en-US}}</ref>

In recent years, the literacy rate among Shia Muslims in Kashmir has witnessed a significant increase. Members of this community have made noteworthy contributions to both Kashmir and the broader global context. Additionally, a growing number of authors, scholars, historians, and poets have emerged from this group, reflecting their active participation in intellectual and cultural spheres.

Major mourning processions have been banned by the [[Government of Jammu and Kashmir]] since the 1990s when there was a rise in [[Insurgency in Jammu and Kashmir|insurgency in the state]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Ashura to be observed across Valley today|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/news/jammu-kashmir/community/ashura-to-be-observed-across-valley-today/149732.html|accessdate=26 January 2017|work=The Tribune|date=24 October 2015}}</ref><ref name="HT2010">{{cite news|last1=Ashiq |first1=Peerzada |title=Curfew to prevent Muharram procession |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/curfew-to-prevent-muharram-procession/article1-638588.aspx |accessdate=11 April 2015 |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |date=15 December 2010 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402091004/http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/curfew-to-prevent-muharram-procession/article1-638588.aspx |archive-date=2 April 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref> However, one of the biggest mourning procession, which passes through [[Lal Chowk]], Srinagar, has been permitted again since 2023, after a ban of over 3 decades.<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 July 2023 |title=Traditional Kashmir Muharram procession allowed for first time in decades |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/7/27/shia-mourners-in-kashmir-allowed-muharram-procession-after-three-decades |access-date=2025-06-11 |website=Al Jazeera |language=en}}</ref>

Smaller processions are permitted in some areas of the state, including in the districts of [[Bandipore district|Bandipora]], [[Srinagar]], [[Budgam district|Budgam]], [[Ganderbal district|Parts of Ganderbal]], [[Baramulla district|Baramulla]], [[Leh district|Leh]] and [[Kargil district|Kargil]].

In the post 9/11 scenario, sectarian terrorism has resurfaced in Kashmir.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Mir|first=Tariq|date=5 November 2012|title=Kashmir: From Sufi to Salafi|url=https://pulitzercenter.org/stories/kashmir-sufi-salafi|url-status=live|access-date=2021-03-02|website=Pulitzer Center|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210413095523/https://pulitzercenter.org/stories/kashmir-sufi-salafi |archive-date=2021-04-13 }}</ref> Here are some of the recent incidents of brutality:-
* November 3, 2000: Assassination of Shia religious leader Agha Syed Mehdi in Budgam.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Bukhari|first=Shujaat|author-link=Shujaat Bukhari|date=2000-11-09|title=Shia leader's ceremony peaceful|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-miscellaneous/tp-others/shia-leaders-ceremony-peaceful/article28053298.ece|access-date=2021-03-02|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
* A prominent Kashmiri Shia religious leader from Srinagar, [[Iftikhar Hussain Ansari|Iftikhar Ansari]] was thrice the target of unsuccessful assassination attempts. In June 2000, Ansari barely escaped the explosion of a [[landmine]] while addressing a religious congregation at Gund Khwaja Qasim [[Landmine|Pattan]]. The blast killed twelve of his followers. On 1 September 2000, Ansari was injured by an [[Improvised explosive device|IED]] explosion that killed two police personnel i
* December 27, 2009: Suicide bombing on Shia gathering in Muzaffarabad in Pakistan administered Kashmir leaves 10 dead, 65 injured.<ref>{{Cite news|last1=Oppel|first1=Richard A. Jr.|last2=Shah|first2=Pir Zubair|date=2009-12-27|title=Pakistan Is Rocked by a Spate of Attacks (Published 2009)|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/12/28/world/asia/28pstan.html|access-date=2021-03-02|issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=December 28, 2009|title=At least 7 killed, 65 injured: Suicide attack on mourners in Muzaffarabad.|work=DAWN|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/856356|access-date=25 February 2021}}</ref>
*February 15, 2017: Assassination attempt on Shia cleric and his wife in Muzaffarabad in Pakistan administered Kashmir.
*The 2020 Muharram crackdown, where pellets and bullets were used against peaceful Shia mourners
<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Kawa |first1=Ruhool Ahmad |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=STS0EAAAQBAJ |title=The Files of Kashmiri Shias: Genocide of Kashmiri Shias |last2=Kawa |first2=Ruhullah |date=2023-03-16 |publisher=Ruhool Ahmad Kawa |language=en}}</ref>
*<ref>{{cite news|last=Naqash|first=Tariq|date=15 February 2017|title=Shia cleric, wife shot by assailants in Muzaffarabad|work=DAWN|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1314941/shia-cleric-wife-shot-by-assailants-in-muzaffarabad|access-date=25 February 2021}}</ref>

==See also==
{{div col begin|colwidth=20}}
* [[Shia Islam]]
* [[Shia Islam in the Indian subcontinent]]
* [[Tomb of Shams-ud-Din Araqi]]
* [[Kashmir]]
* [[Anti-Shi'ism]]
* [[Persecution of Hazaras]]
* [[Persecution of Shias by the Islamic State]]
* [[Tafazzul Husain Kashmiri]]
{{div col end}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

;Bibliography
* {{Cite book|last=Hollister|first=J. N.|title=The Shi'a of India|publisher=Luzac and Co, London|year=1953}}
* {{Cite book|last=Rieck|first=Andreas|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2HdeCwAAQBAJ|title=The Shias of Pakistan: An Assertive and Beleaguered Minority|date=2016|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-061348-8|language=en}}
* {{Cite book|last=Rizvi|first=Syed Athar Abbas|url=https://archive.org/details/ASocioIntellectualHistoryOfTheIsnaAshariShiisInIndiaVol2|title=A Socio Intellectual History Of The Isna Ashari Shi'is In India|date=1986|publisher=Ma'rifat Publishing House|volume=1|author-link=Saiyid Athar Abbas Rizvi}}
* {{Cite book|last=Bamzai|first=Prithivi Nath Kaul|url=|title=Culture and Political History of Kashmir|date=1994|publisher=M.D. Publications Pvt. Ltd.|isbn=978-81-85880-31-0|language=en|author-link=Prithivi Nath Kaul Bamzai}}
*― {{Citation|title=Culture And Political History Of Kashmir. Medieval Kashmir.|url=https://archive.org/details/culture-and-political-history-of-kashmir-mediaval-kashmir-vol-2-m-d-publication-p-n-k-bamzai|volume=2|ref={{sfnref|Bamzai, Medieval Kashmir|1994}}}}
*― {{Citation|title=Culture And Political History Of Kashmir. Modern Kashmir.|url=https://archive.org/details/culture-and-political-history-of-kashmir-modern-kashmir-vol-3-m-d-publication-p-n-k-bamzai|volume=3|ref={{sfnref|Bamzai, Modern Kashmir|1994}}}}
* {{Cite book|last=Snedden|first=Christopher|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=s5KMCwAAQBAJ|title=Understanding Kashmir and Kashmiris|date=2015|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-1-84904-342-7|language=en|author-link=Christopher Snedden}}
* {{Cite book|last=Bates|first=Charles Ellison|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.181583|title=Gazetteer Of Kashmir. And the adjacent districts of Ishtwar, Badrawar, Jamu, Naoshera, Punch, and the Valley of Kishen Ganga.|date=1873|work=Central Asia. Part VII -Section 1.|publisher=Office of the Superintendent of Publishing|location=Calcutta}}

==External links==
* [https://lubpak.net/archives/357655 Taraaj-e Shia]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Persecution of Kashmiri Shias}}
[[Category:Anti-Shi'ism]]
[[Category:Shia Islam in India]]
[[Category:Shia Islam in Pakistan]]
[[Category:History of Kashmir]]
[[Category:Shia–Sunni sectarian violence]]
[[Category:Violence against Shia Muslims]]
[[Category:Persecution of Muslims]]
[[Category:Islam-related controversies]]
[[Category:Anti-Muslim violence in Kashmir]]

Shivaji Dev

2026-01-11T16:23:43Z

GarnetWelton89:

{{Short description|Indian actor}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2016}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Shivaji Dev
| birth_name = Shiva Kumar
| image = Shivaji_Dev.jpg
| caption = Shivaji Dev in 2014
| birth_place = [[Chennai]], [[Tamil Nadu]], India
| birth_date = {{birth-date and age|20 September 1989}}
| yearsactive = 2008–2022; 2024
| children = 1
| father = [[Ramkumar Ganesan]]<ref name="s"/>
| occupation = Actor
| spouse = [[Suja Varunee]]
}}

'''Shiva Kumar''' (born 20 September 1989) also known as '''Shivaji Dev''' is an Indian actor working in [[Tamil language]] films, who made his debut in [[A. Venkatesh (director)|Venkatesh]]'s ''[[Singakutty]]'' (2008).<ref name="s">{{cite web |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/ramkumar-ganesan-s-son-sivaji-is-back-news-tamil-megkaKfgffc.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120406214038/http://www.sify.com/movies/ramkumar-ganesan-s-son-sivaji-is-back-news-tamil-megkaKfgffc.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=2012-04-06 |title=Ramkumar Ganesan's son Sivaji is back |website=[[Sify]] |date=2012-04-06 |access-date=2014-04-27}}</ref> In 2024, he participated in the Indian reality show, [[Bigg Boss (Tamil TV series) season 8|''Bigg Boss 8'']].

==Career==
Shivaji Dev made his debut, credited as Junior Sivaji, in [[A. Venkatesh (director)|Venkatesh]]'s masala film ''[[Singakutty]]'' (2008), starring alongside [[Gowri Munjal]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/grand-launch-of-sivajis-grand-son-tamil-news-36542 |title=Grand launch of SivajiÂ s Grand son – Tamil News |website=Indiaglitz.com |date=13 February 2008}} </ref> The film opened to negative reviews from critics and fared poorly at the box office.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/singakutty-review-tamil-14627938.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140428163248/http://www.sify.com/movies/singakutty-review-tamil-14627938.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=2014-04-28 |title=Movie Review : Singakutty |website=[[Sify]] |date=|access-date=2014-04-27}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2008/mar/24sssing.htm |title=Review: Singakutti |work=Rediff.com |date=|access-date=2014-04-27}}</ref> In 2009 he joined [[Balu Mahendra]]'s film institute and undertook a specialized acting course for a year and then started acting in theatrical plays. He garnered good reviews for his on-stage performances, including a role in ''The Importance of a Hat'', where he played the role of an English butler, while also directing plays titled ''Merry Christmas'' and ''Growing up'' as a part of the Short & Sweet Theater Festival held in Chennai, India. He began work on another film ''Nandanam'' in mid 2012, featuring alongside [[Mithra Kurian]] and [[Rishi (Tamil actor)|Rishi]]. However, despite completing schedules across Chennai, the film is yet to be complete and have a theatrical release.<ref name="autogenerated1">{{cite web |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/sivaji-dev-is-back-with-nandanam-news-tamil-milk3hbigcg.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120812060649/http://www.sify.com/movies/sivaji-dev-is-back-with-nandanam-news-tamil-milk3hbigcg.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=2012-08-12 |title=Sivaji Dev is back with 'Nandanam'! |website=[[Sify]] |date=2012-08-11 |access-date=2014-04-27}}</ref> His second release was the coming-of-age film ''[[Pudhumugangal Thevai]]'', where he played an aspiring film director. The film had a low key release in December 2012 and attracted negative reviews, though a critic noted Sivaji "shows potential".<ref>{{cite news |author= |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/Puthumugangal-Thevai/movie-review/17818918.cms |title=Puthumugangal Thevai movie review: Wallpaper, Story, Trailer at Times of India |newspaper=The Times of India |publisher=Timesofindia.indiatimes.com |date=|access-date=2014-04-27}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author=Malathi Rangarajan |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/pudhumugangal-thevai-needed-not-just-new-faces/article4276451.ece |title=Pudhumugangal Thevai: Needed, not just new faces |work=The Hindu |date=2013-01-05 |access-date=2014-04-27}}</ref>

In 2014, the actor was seen in [[AVM Productions]]' experimental drama film ''[[Idhuvum Kadandhu Pogum]]'', where he played a widower. Having a straight to [[YouTube]]-release, the film attracted positive reviews from critics.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-reviews/net-gain-for-short-film/article5918894.ece |title=Net gain for short film |newspaper=The Hindu |author=Udhav Naig |date=16 April 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140416193729/http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-reviews/net-gain-for-short-film/article5918894.ece |archive-date=16 April 2014}}</ref>

In 2024, he participated in the reality show ''[[Bigg Boss (Tamil TV series) season 8|Bigg Boss 8]]'' as wildcard contestant. He was later evicted at 18th position from the show on Day 56.

==Personal life==
His aunt is actress [[Sripriya]], sister of his mother Meenakshi. He is married to actress [[Suja Varunee]]. In August 2019, Suja gave birth to their first child, a boy, named Adhvaaith.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/sivaji-ganesans-grandson-dhaarshan-ganesan-to-make-his-film-debut-soon/articleshow/91723084.cms |title=Sivaji Ganesan's grandson Dhaarshan Ganesan to make his film debut soon |newspaper=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/shot-cuts-rajini-on-3d-sivaji/article3771060.ece |title=Shot Cuts: Rajini on 3D Sivaji the Boss |newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |date=14 August 2012 |last1=Manigandan |first1=K. R.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2020-08-21 |title=Bigg Boss Tamil 1 fame Suja Varunee and Shiva Kumar celebrate their son Advaaith’s first birthday in style; see pics |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/bigg-boss-tamil-1-fame-suja-varunee-and-shiva-kumar-celebrate-their-son-advaaiths-first-birthday-in-style-see-pics/articleshow/77675396.cms |access-date=2026-01-11 |work=The Times of India}}</ref>

==Filmography==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Year
!Film
!Role
!Notes
|-
| 2008 || ''[[Singakutty]]'' || Kathir ||
|-
| 2012 || ''[[Pudhumugangal Thevai]]'' || Anand ||
|-
| 2014 || ''[[Idhuvum Kadandhu Pogum]]'' || Gautham ||
|}

===Television===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year !! Title !! Role !! Channel !! Notes
|-
|2022
|''[[BB Jodigal]]'' (season 2)
|Contestant
|[[Star Vijay]]
|{{won|Winner}}
|-
|2024
|''[[Bigg Boss (Tamil TV series) season 8|Bigg Boss 8]]''
| Contestant
|[[Star Vijay]]
|Entered Day 28
----Evicted Day 56
|-
|}

===Web series===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year !! Title !! Role !! Network
|-
|2019
|[[Fingertip (TV series)|''Fingertip'']] (season 1)
|Vijay
|[[Zee5]]
|-
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Dev, Shivaji}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Film producers from Chennai]]
[[Category:Male actors in Tamil cinema]]
[[Category:Indian male film actors]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:1989 births]]
[[Category:Male actors from Chennai]]

Sunil Prasad

2025-12-31T07:44:40Z

GarnetWelton89: created a pg more to come!

{{short description|Indian film director and writer (born 1956)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2016}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Sunil Prasad
| image =
| imagesize =
| caption =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1956|3|15}}
| birth_place = [[Siwan, Bihar|Siwan]], Bihar, India
| occupation = [[Film Director]], [[Screenwriter]]
| years_active = 1975–present
| spouse =
}}
'''Sunil Prasad''' is an Indian film director and writer.

Born in [[Siwan, Bihar]], Sunil Prasad was a bright student. He would regularly direct plays in school and college.

==Filmography==

{|class="wikitable sortable"
! Year !! Project !! Role!!Company!!Channel
|-
| 2006–2007|| ''Maatti'' || Director<ref>{{cite book|last1=Ghosh|first1=Avijit|title=Cinema Bhojpuri|date=2010|publisher=Penguin Books|location=New Delhi|isbn=9780143103783|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wAuTZ6_1XL4C&q=%22sunil+prasad%22+director|accessdate=23 November 2017}}</ref> || Karma Events & Entertainment||Bhojpuri Film
|-
| 2010–2011|| ''[[Aashiq Biwi Ka]]'' || Director<ref>{{cite web |publisher=IMDb|title=Sunil Prasad – IMDb |url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm2718412 |date=24 December 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |publisher=Swarp Films|title=Aashiq Biwi Ka |url=http://www.swarpfilms.com/ashik-biwi-ka.html |date=24 May 2011}}</ref> || Swarp Films || Doordarshan
|-
| 2009–2010|| ''Jab Lahu Pukaarela'' || Director || Le Loisir Resorts Pvt. Ltd. || Bhojpuri Film
|-
| 2009–2010|| ''Krishna Arjun'' || Director || Le Loisir Resorts Pvt. Ltd. || Gujrati Film
|-
| 2010|| ''Hamaari Devrani'' || Director || Shobhna Desai Productions||Star Plus
|-
| 2010–2011|| ''Stree Teri Kahaani'' || Series Director<ref>{{cite news|title=Saira Banu readies new TV show Stree|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/india/saira-banu-readies-new-tv-show-stree/story-yeMoOgh5AJ9hTAEr5s0YPK.html|accessdate=23 November 2017|work=Hindustan Times|date=21 August 2006}}</ref> || Sharp Focus ||Doordarshan
|-
| 2011|| ''[[Hi! Padosi... Kaun Hai Doshi?]]<ref>{{cite web |publisher=NDTV|title=Hi Padosi with Kader Khan |url=http://movies.ndtv.com/television/kader-khan-to-be-back-on-small-screen-598378 |date=21 January 2011}}</ref>'' || Director || Maximum Entertainment Pvt. Ltd.|| Sahara TV
|-
| 1993|| ''Pyar Pyar''<ref>{{cite web |publisher=IMDb|title=Pyar Pyar – IMDb |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1068660 |date=24 December 2015}}</ref> || Writer & Director || Sagu Films ||Hindi Film
|-
| 2003|| ''[[Jassi Jaissi Koi Nahin]]'' || Director || DJ's A Creative Unit||Sony
|-
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links==
*{{IMDb name|id=nm2718412|name=Sunil Prasad}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Prasad, Sunil}}
[[Category:1956 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Film directors from Bihar]]
[[Category:Indian male screenwriters]]
[[Category:Screenwriters from Bihar]]
[[Category:People from Siwan, Bihar]]
[[Category:Hindi-language screenwriters]]
[[Category:Hindi-language Indian writers]]

Uttar Pradesh Board of Technical Education

2025-12-25T20:55:21Z

GarnetWelton89: General cleanup and content improvements

{{Short description|State education board in India}}
{{more citations needed|date=August 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2019}}
{{Infobox university
|name = Board of Technical Education, Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow
|image_name = BTEUP LOGO.png
|image_size = 72px
|image_alt = Board of Technical Education, Uttar Pradesh
|established = 1958
|chancellor = B.L. Joshi
|chairman = Bhuvnesh Kumar (I.A.S.)
|city = [[Lucknow]]
|state = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
|country = India
|campus = Urban
|affiliations = {{URL|bteup.ac.in}}
}}
'''Uttar Pradesh Board of Technical Education''' (UPBTE or BTEUP) is the board which provides technical education to students in [[Uttar Pradesh]], India. It was set up in May 1958 as 'State Board Of Technical Education and Training', the name was changed to 'Board Of Technical Education' in 1962.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://bteup.ac.in/webapp/default.aspx|title = Board of Technical Education, Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow}}</ref>

The board offers around 60 courses of one year, two year, three year and four-year duration in different disciplines . There are over 30 trades offered in group A, such as like computer science, IT, mechanical, electrical, electronics, automobile, and civil. The functions of the board declaring the exam schedule, organizing semester exams and declaring their results. Other functions includes affiliating institutions, prescribing their standards of building and equipment.

There are more than 80 colleges affiliated with BTEUP<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kaushal |first=Jha |title=JEECUP COUNSELLING 2024 |url=https://www.venkateshwaragroup.in/vgiblog/blog/jeecup-counselling/ |website=Venkateshwara Group of institutions}}</ref> that offer courses in group A. Other groups offer courses in textiles, home science, agriculture, and others. As of Jan 2019 there were over 800 institutes affiliated to UPBTE, many of them being government polytechnics.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://bteup.ac.in/webapp/institutesearch.aspx|title = Board of Technical Education, Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{cite web|url=http://dte.up.nic.in/ |title=Directorate of Technical Education |publisher=Dte.up.nic.in}}
* {{cite web|url=http://upted.up.nic.in/ |title=Technical Education Department |publisher=Upted.up.nic.in}}

[[Category:Education in Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Vocational education in India]]
[[Category:State agencies of Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:1958 establishments in Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Government agencies established in 1958]]

Ashoknagar Kalyangarh

2025-12-25T12:59:08Z

GarnetWelton89: typo fix

{{Directory|date=October 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Ashokenagar Kalyangarh
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type =
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India West Bengal#India
| pushpin_label_position = left
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in West Bengal, India
| coordinates = {{coord|22.833|N|88.633|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = State
| subdivision_name1 = [[West Bengal]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_type3 =
| subdivision_type4 =
| subdivision_name2 = [[North 24 Parganas district|North 24 Parganas]]
| subdivision_name3 =
| subdivision_name4 =
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder = [[Bidhan Chandra Roy|Dr. Bidhan Chandra Roy]] (former [[Chief Minister of West Bengal]])
| named_for = [[Ashoke Kumar Sen]]
| government_type = [[Municipal Corporations in India|Municipality]]
| governing_body = Ashokenagar Kalyangarh Municipality
| leader_party =
| leader_title = Municipality Chairperson
| leader_name = Probodh Sarkar ([[Trinamool Congress|TMC]])
| leader_title1 = Vice Chairperson
| leader_name1 = Dhiman Roy ([[Trinamool Congress|TMC]])
| leader_title2 = MLA
| leader_name2 = [[Narayan Goswami]] ([[Trinamool Congress|TMC]])
| leader_title3 = MP
| leader_name3 = [[Kakoli Ghosh Dastidar]] ([[Trinamool Congress|TMC]])
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 20.48
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 13
| population_total = 121592
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = 6044
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]], English
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 743222(Ashokenagar), 743223(Haripur), 743268 (part) Prafullanagar 743272(Kalyangarh)
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = (std_code) +913216
| registration_plate =
| blank_name_sec1 = Sex ratio
| blank_info_sec1 = 1000: 986 ♂️:♀️
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Barasat (Lok Sabha constituency)|Barasat]]
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency
| blank2_info_sec1 = [[Ashokenagar Assembly constituency|Ashokenagar]]
| website = {{plainlist|
* {{URL|akmweb.in/}}
* {{URL|ashokenagarkalyangarh.in/}}
}}
| footnotes =
}}
'''Ashokenagar Kalyangarh''' is a city and a municipality in [[Barasat Sadar subdivision]]<ref>[http://web.cmc.net.in/wbcensus/DataTables/01/Table-3.htm District-wise list of statutory towns] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930191128/http://web.cmc.net.in/wbcensus/DataTables/01/Table-3.htm |date=30 September 2007 }}</ref> of [[North 24 Parganas district]] in the state of [[West Bengal]], [[India]].Ashokenagar is the first discovered oilfield in [[West Bengal]]<ref>{{cite news |title=Dharmendra Pradhan dedicates West Bengal's first oil and gas reserve to nation |url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/dharmendra-pradhan-dedicates-west-bengal-s-first-oil-and-gas-reserve-to-nation-11608459027930.html |access-date=21 December 2020 |agency=livemint |publisher=www.livemint.com |date=20 December 2020}}</ref> and [[East India]]. The oilfield was discovered in 2018 by [[ONGC]].<ref>{{cite news |title=ONGC finds oil, gas reserves in Madhya Pradesh, West Bengal to open 2 new basins in India |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/energy/oil-gas/ongc-finds-oil-gas-reserves-in-madhya-pradesh-west-bengal-to-open-2-new-basins-in-india/articleshow/65699300.cms?from=mdr |access-date=21 December 2020 |agency=The Economic Times |publisher=Economic Times |date=6 September 2018}}</ref>

Ashokenagar has a heritage of political activism, high-quality education, and culture. Ashokenagar Kalyangarh was planned by Dr. B.C Roy and was later named after the leader [[Ashoke Kumar Sen]] {{citation needed|date=September 2022}}. The Congressional leaders Tarun Kanti Ghosh and Keshab Bhattacharjee and the CPI leaders Dr. Sadhan Sen, Bikash Ray Chaudhuri, Nani Kar and Chitta Ranjan Basu were principal architects of Ashokenagar Kalyangarh.

The first social and cultural organisations Janayug Sangskritik Sangstha played a vital role to build a cultural environment in the 70s decade. CPI(ML) Organizer Atmajit Chowdhury, Dramatist Swadesh Munshi, Social Worker Parlay Ghosh, Trapada Bhattacharjee, Gauranga Kar, Biswajit Das were contributed notable works in town's cultural development.

The first unit in this district of West Bengal State Government Employees Pensioners' Samity was formed in Ashokenagar under the leadership of J.C Kundu which worked towards the safeguarding of the rights of retired employees of the state government.

The area has two parks, Sanghati Park and Millennium Science Park. There are four English medium schools in Ashokenagar. The area is connected to Kolkata through rail(Bongaon-Sealdah) and road (Jessore Road/NH112/AH1) networks.

Here was the Kalyani Spinning Mill which is now converted into a Textile Park. The city previously had a unit of RIC and a chemical factory; both were closed down by the state government.

==History==
Under British rule, during the period of [[World War II]], Ashokenagar Kalyanagarh was site of a British Royal Air Force Airbase. The site that became Ashokenagar Kalyanagarh was a RAF airfield known by the name of Baigachi Airfield. Four RAF hangars still stand, the remnants of a bygone era. After World War II, the airfield and hangars went into disuse. After India became independent, Dr. [[Bidhan Chandra Roy]], the then CM of West Bengal, developed the airfield into a planned city. The site was initially known as "Habra Urban Colony". Later, its north-east portion was named "Kalyangarh" and then its south-west portion was named "Ashokenagar".

==Geography==
{{OSM Location map
| width=350| height=350| zoom=11
| coord={{coord|22|46|0|N|88|36|0|E}}| float=left|caption='''Cities, towns and locations in Barasat subdivision, North 24 Parganas''' M: municipal town, CT: census town, R: rural/ urban centre, H: historical centre Owing to space constraints in the small map, the actual locations in a larger map may vary slightly
|mark-coord1={{coord|22|48|55|N|88|37|48|E}} | label-pos1=right|label1= Anarbaria | numbered1=CT| mark-title1=[[Anarbaria]] (CT)|label-color1=#800000 |label-size1=11| mark-size1=12|shape1=l-circle|shape-color1= #A40000|shape-outline1=white|label-offset-x1=2
|mark-coord2={{coord|22|44|26|N|88|31|20|E}} | label-pos2=right|label2= Bamangachhi| numbered2=CT| mark-title2=[[Bamangachhi]] (CT)
|mark-coord3={{coord|22|48|49|N|88|36|1|E}} | label-pos3=left|label3= Bara Bamonia| numbered3=CT| mark-title3=[[Bara Bamonia]] (CT)
|mark-coord4={{coord|22|50|51|N|88|44|54|E}} | label-pos4=left|label4= Betpuli| numbered4=CT| mark-title4=[[Betpuli]] (CT)
|mark-coord5={{coord|22|47|13|N|88|34|24|E}} | label-pos5=right|label5= Bira| numbered5=CT| mark-title5=[[Bira, North 24 Parganas]] (CT)
|mark-coord6={{coord|22|44|4|N|88|28|29|E}} | label-pos6=top|label6= Chak Barbaria| numbered6=CT| mark-title6=[[Chak Barbaria]] (CT)
|mark-coord7={{coord|22|45|48|N|88|32|8|E}} | label-pos7=right|label7= Chandrapur| numbered7=CT| mark-title7=[[Chandrapur, West Bengal]] (CT)
|mark-coord8={{coord|22|46|42|N|88|33|45|E}} | label-pos8=right|label8= Chatta Baria| numbered8=CT| mark-title8=[[Chatta Baria]] (CT)
|mark-coord9={{coord|22|38|25|N|88|29|15|E}} | label-pos9=right|label9= Deara| numbered9=CT| mark-title9=[[Deara]] (CT)
|mark-coord10={{coord|22|41|40|N|88|41|4|E}} | label-pos10=bottom|label10= Deulia| numbered10=CT| mark-title10=[[Deulia]] (CT)
|mark-coord11={{coord|22|54|40|N|88|32|4|E}} | label-pos11=right|label11= Dhania| numbered11=CT| mark-title11=[[Dhania, West Bengal]] (CT)
|mark-coord12={{coord|22|45|19|N|88|31|29|E}} | label-pos12=right|label12= Digha| numbered12=CT| mark-title12=[[Digha, North 24 Parganas]] (CT)
|mark-coord13={{coord|22|46|32|N|88|33|10|E}} | label-pos13=left|label13= Duttapukur| numbered13=CT| mark-title13=[[Duttapukur]] (CT)
|mark-coord14={{coord|22|47|10|N|88|32|22|E}} | label-pos14=left|label14= Gangapur| numbered14=CT| mark-title14=[[Gangapur, North 24 Parganas]] (CT)
|mark-coord15={{coord|22|54|13|N|88|44|28|E}} | label-pos15=left|label15= Gobardanga| numbered15=M| mark-title15=[[Gobardanga]] (M)| shape-color15= #800000
|mark-coord16={{coord|22|49|20|N|88|36|36|E}} | label-pos16=left|label16= Guma| numbered16=CT| mark-title16=[[Guma, India]] (CT)
|mark-coord17={{coord|22|46|15|N|88|34|10|E}} | label-pos17=right|label17= Joypul| numbered17=CT| mark-title17=[[Joypul]] (CT)
|mark-coord18={{coord|22|48|23|N|88|35|47|E}} | label-pos18=left|label18= Khorddabamonia| numbered18=CT| mark-title18=[[Khorddabamonia]] (CT)
|mark-coord19={{coord|22|45|35|N|88|26|34|E}} | label-pos19=right|label19= Kokapur| numbered19=CT| mark-title19=[[Kokapur, West Bengal]] (CT)
|mark-coord20={{coord|22|42|22|N|88|32|28|E}} | label-pos20=left|label20= Koyra| numbered20=CT| mark-title20=[[Koyra, West Bengal]] (CT)
|mark-coord21={{coord|22|45|5|N|88|31|2|E}} | label-pos21=left|label21= Kulberia| numbered21=CT| mark-title21=[[Kulberia]] (CT)
|mark-coord22={{coord|22|51|20|N|88|44|40|E}} | label-pos22=left|label22= Maslandapur| numbered22=CT| mark-title22=[[Maslandapur]] (CT)
|mark-coord23={{coord|22|52|23|N|88|44|22|E}} | label-pos23=left|label23= Nokpul| numbered23=CT| mark-title23=[[Nokpul]] (CT)
|mark-coord24={{coord|22|47|50|N|88|35|0|E}} | label-pos24=left|label24= Purbba Narayanpur| numbered24=CT| mark-title24=[[Purbba Narayanpur]] (CT)
|mark-coord25={{coord|22|51|46|N|88|45|0|E}} | label-pos25=left|label25= Sadpur| numbered25=CT| mark-title25=[[Sadpur]] (CT)
|mark-coord26={{coord|22|46|0|N|88|31|10|E}} | label-pos26=left|label26= Shibalaya| numbered26=CT| mark-title26=[[Shibalaya]] (CT)
|mark-coord27={{coord|22|42|40|N|88|29|10|E}}| label-pos27=left|label27= Barasat| numbered27=M| mark-title27= [[Barasat]] (M)| shape-color27= #800000
|mark-coord28={{coord|22|49|58|N|88|37|58|E}} | label-pos28=left|label28= Ashokenagar Kalyangarh| numbered28=M| mark-title28=Ashokenagar Kalyangarh (M) |shape-color28=black| label-size28=13|label-color28=black 
|mark-coord29={{coord|22|50|42|N|88|39|1|E}} | label-pos29=left|label29= Habra| numbered29=M| mark-title29=[[Habra]] (M) | shape-color29= #800000
|mark-coord30={{coord|22|42|0|N|88|27|0|E}} | label-pos30=right|label30= Madhyamgram| numbered30=M| mark-title30=[[Madhyamgram]] (M) | shape-color30= #800000
|mark-coord31={{coord|22|42|37|N|88|41|18|E}} | label-pos31=left|label31=Chandraketugarh| numbered31=H| mark-title31= [[Chandraketugarh]] (H)| shape-color31=#AA6666
|mark-coord32={{coord|22|48|18|N|88|30|23|E}} | label-pos32=left|label32=Amdanga| numbered32=R| mark-title32= [[Amdanga, North 24 Parganas]] (R) |shape-color32=#C40000
|mark-coord33={{coord|22|45|0|N|88|27|0|E}} | label-pos33=right|label33=Barbaria| numbered33=R| mark-title33= [[Barbaria (village)]] (R) |shape-color33=#C40000
|mark-coord34={{coord|22|42|5|N|88|41|24|E}} | label-pos34=left|label34=Berachampa| numbered34=R| mark-title34= [[Berachampa]] (R) |shape-color34=#C40000
|mark-coord35={{coord|22|43|41|N|88|27|12|E}} | label-pos35=right|label35=Berunanpukuria| numbered35=R| mark-title35= [[Berunanpukuria]] (R) |shape-color35=#C40000
|mark-coord36={{coord|22|44|50|N|88|32|7|E}} | label-pos36=right|label36=Chhota Jagulia| numbered36=R| mark-title36= [[Chhota Jagulia]] (R) |shape-color36=#C40000
|mark-coord37={{coord|22|41|39|N|88|38|58|E}} | label-pos37=left|label37= Deganga| numbered37=R| mark-title37= [[Deganga, North 24 Parganas]] (R) |shape-color37=#C40000
|mark-coord38={{coord|22|40|11|N|88|31|16|E}} | label-pos38=left|label38= Krishnapur Madanpur| numbered38=R| mark-title38= [[Krishnapur Madanpur]] (R) |shape-color38=#C40000
|mark-coord39={{coord|22|50|39|N|88|34|5|E}} | label-pos39=left|label39= Sabdalpur| numbered39=R| mark-title39= [[Sabdalpur]] (R) |shape-color39=#C40000
|mark-coord40={{coord|22|39|56|N|88|34|57|E}} | label-pos40=right|label40= Shasan| numbered40=R| mark-title40= [[Shasan, North 24 Parganas]] (R) |shape-color40=#C40000
|mark-coord41={{coord|22|38|30|N|88|37|0|E}} | label41= Bidyadhari River| label-color41 = #77A1CB| label-angle41= 10| label-pos41=right| label-size41=10| mark-size41=0| mark-title41 =none
|mark-coord42={{coord|22|54|0|N|88|43|30|E}} | label42= Jamuna |labela42=River| label-color42 = #77A1CB| label-angle42= 60| label-pos42=right| label-size42=10| mark-size42=0| mark-title42 =none}}

===Location===
Ashokenagar is located at {{Coord|22.833|N|88.633|E|}}. It is situated in the World's largest delta, The Ganga-Brahmaputra Delta. The elevation of Ashokenagar Kalyangarh from sea-level is 8 meters. There are many forest, several lakes, some canals and vast green fields in this area. Below the ground of Ashokenagar, there is a huge amount of petroleum (as the ONGC and The Union Minister of Petroleum and Natural Gas, Mr. Dharmendra Pradhan said).

===Area overview===
The area covered in the map alongside is largely a part of the north Bidyadhari Plain. located in the lower [[Ganges Delta]].<ref>{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1911_PART_A_DCHB_NORTH%20TWENTY%20FOUR%20PARGANAS.pdf |title = District Census Handbook North Twenty Four Parganas, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A |work = Page 13 | publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal| access-date = 16 April 2018}}</ref> The country is flat. It is a little raised above flood level and the highest ground borders the river channels.<ref>{{cite book | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=7Hkj2xOrEwkC&q=24+parganas+district+gazetteer&pg=PA1|title = Bengal District Gazetteers: 24 Parganas|last = LSS O’Malley|work= p 1-4|year = 2009| publisher=Concept Publishing Company |isbn = 9788172681937| access-date = 3 May 2018 }}</ref> 54.67% of the people of the densely populated area lives in the urban areas and 45.33% lives in the rural areas.<ref name=handbook2013>{{cite web |url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook |title = District Statistical Handbook |work = North 24 Parganas 2013, Tables 2.1, 2.2, 2.4b |publisher = Department of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of West Bengal |access-date = 2 May 2018 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190121045803/http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook |archive-date = 2019-01-21 |url-status = dead}}</ref>

The map alongside presents some of the notable locations in the subdivision. All places marked in the map are linked in the larger full screen map.

===Climate===
The climate is [[tropical]] — like the rest of the Gangetic [[West Bengal]]. The hallmark is the [[Monsoon]] — from early June to mid-September. The weather remains dry during the winter (mid-November to mid-February) and humid during summer.

Temperature : 39.5 °C in May(Max) and 10.3 °C in January(Min)

Relative Humidity: Between 55% in March & 98% in July

Rainfall: 31mm(Normal)

==Demographics==
According to the [[2011 Census of India]], Ashokenagar Kalyangarh had a total population of 121,592, of which 61,236 (50%) were males and 60,356 (50%) were females. Population in the age range 0–6 years was 9,091. The total number of literate persons in Ashokenagar Kalyangarh was 103,492 (91.99% of the population over 6 years).
<ref name=census3-2011>{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/pcadata/Houselisting-housing-WB.html |title = 2011 Census – Primary Census Abstract Data Tables | work= West Bengal – District-wise |publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India | access-date = 29 May 2018 }}</ref>

As of 2001 India [[census]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archive-date=16 June 2004|title= Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)|access-date=1 November 2008|publisher= Census Commission of India}}</ref> Ashokenagar Kalyangarh had a population of 111,475. Males constitute 51% of the population and females 49%. Ashokenagar Kalyangarh has an average literacy rate of 79%, higher than the national average of 59.5%; with 53% of the males and 47% of females literate. 9% of the population is under 6 years of age.

===Religion===
According to Census of India 2011, Hinduism is the predominant religion in this city, followed by Islam, Christianity, Sikhism, Buddhism, Jainism and others. Out of 1,21,592 people living in Ashokenagar Kalyanagarh; 1,18,163 are Hindus (97.20%), 2,983 are Muslims (2.5%), 195 are Christians (0.16%), 26 are Sikhs (0.02%), 22 are Buddhists (0.01%), 10 are Jains(0.008%), 18 are other religions (0.015%) and 175 (0.14%) did not state their religion.

{{bar box|width = 300px
|barwidth = 250px |cellpadding="0"
|title=Religion in Ashokenagar Kalyanagarh
|titlebar=#Fcd116
|left1=Religion
|right1=Percent
|float=right
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Hinduism]]|#FF6600|97.20}}
{{bar percent|[[Islam]]|#009000|2.5}}
{{bar percent|[[Christianity]]|Blue|0.16}}
{{bar percent|[[Buddhist]]|#FFFF00|0.02}}
{{bar percent|Others|Black|0.12}}
}}

==Administration==

=== Municipality ===
Ashokenagar Kalyanagarh Municipality recently installed LED tower lights.<ref>{{Cite web |title=AKM official website |url=https://www.akmweb.in/ |website=AKM}}</ref>

Ashokenagar Kalyangarh Municipality was established in 1968. This municipality has an area of 20.50 km,2 comprising 23 wards and 27410 numbers of holdings. Ashokenagar Kalyangarh Municipality is bounded by Habra Municipality and Habra I Block on the east, Habra II Block on the west, Habra II and Habra I block on the south, Habra II block and Haringhata block (Nadia district) on the North.

=== Police station ===
Ashokenagar police station is one of the important police stations in North 24 Parganas district. It has jurisdiction over the Ashokenagar Kalyanagarh municipality area and 8 Gram Panchayats which is part of Habra II CD Block area. Ashokenagar police station covers an area of 174.5 km2 and serves a population of 261,312. Chintamoni Naskar is the Officer in Charge of the PS.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://n24pgspolice.in/home/police-station.php |title = North 24 Parganas Dist. Police| work= Know Your Police Station|publisher= District Police| access-date = 3 June 2018}}</ref>

==Economy==
Predominantly this is a domestic town. People move to capital cities and industrial areas like Kolkata, Kalyani, Barrackpore, etc. to earn their livelihood. Normal markets and business have grown to cater the needs of the citizens of this town. The three main market complexes within this town are Golbazar Market Complex, Kachua Agricultural Market Complex and Building More Super Market Complex. Kalyanagarh Bazar is also an important market for the citizens of this town. Besides, there are several self-help groups, women folks, artisans and craftsmen who are engaged in small scale production of jewellery boxes, garments and different kinds of decorative items.

===Ashokenagar oilfield===
{{main|Ashokenagar oilfield}}

==Education==
The city has a very high literacy rate, 92.45%, according to the 2011 census.{{citation needed|date=February 2014}} There are high schools for girls and boys, as well as a large number of primary schools (government and private).

==Cinema halls and auditoriums==
*Nataraj Cinema Hall
*Saheed Sadan

== Culture ==
This city can be considered one of the cultural hubs of West Bengal.

Renowned theatre groups such as Ajantrik, Avijatri, Annesha, Nattya Mukh, Bhnuiphnor, Ashokenagar Bratyajon and Aaharnish are based out of this town. These groups organize theatre festivals throughout the year mostly during the winter season. These festivals allow the culturally rich people from the city, nearby towns and villages to witness the great performances from different theatre groups from all over the state, different states and even groups from across the border of Bangladesh. The name of the city's main theater hall is 'Saheed Sadan'. Which is one of the biggest auditorium in the district.

== Tourist spots ==
* Millennium Science Park (সহস্রাব্দ বিজ্ঞান উদ্যান)
* Sanhati Park (সংহতি পার্ক)
* 19 no. Forest (উনিশ নম্বর ফরেস্ট)

==Medical facilities==

===Hospital===
*Ashokenagar State General Hospital
*Pragyanananda Saraswati Sebasadan
*Blue Print Nursing Home

==Transport==

===Railway system===
Ashoknagar Road is {{convert|41|km}} from [[Sealdah Station]] and 18 km from [[Barasat]] on the [[Sealdah-Hasnabad-Bangaon-Ranaghat line|Sealdah-Bangaon branch line]] of [[Eastern Railway (India)|Eastern Railway]].<ref>Eastern Railway time table</ref> It is part of the [[Kolkata Suburban Railway]] system. Ashoknagar Road (ASKR) is directly connected on [[National Highway 112 (India)|NH 112]] ([[Jessore Road]] / old [[National Highway 35 (India)|NH 35]]/[[AH1]]).

===Road===
Buses from Habra Bus Terminal and Ashokenagar SBSTC Bus stand are directly connected to [[Naihati]], [[Maslandapur]], [[Madhyamgram]], [[Bangaon]], [[Barasat]], [[Haringhata]], [[Kalyani, West Bengal|Kalyani]], [[Basirhat]], [[Kolkata]], [[Bagdah, North 24 Parganas|Bagdah]], [[Chakdaha]], Bagjola, [[Digha]], [[Durgapur, West Bengal|Durgapur]], [[Bandel]], [[Baruipur]], [[Howrah]], [[Badkulla]], [[Krishnanagar, Nadia|krishnanagar]], [[Barasat]], Alampur, Dattaphulia, [[Nimta]], [[Sodepur]], [[Duttapukur]], [[Thakurnagar]], Jaguli.
Ashokenagar Bypass Road is directly connected on [[National Highway 112 (India)|NH 112]] ([[Jessore Road]]) or [[Asian Highway 1]] ([[AH1]]) & [[National Highway 12 (India)|NH 12]] (old [[National Highway 34 (India)|NH 34]]).

The NH 112 (Old NH 35) - commonly known as Jessore Road, comes from Belgachia Road (Nani Kar Sarani) - also known as Habra-Ashokenagar Bypass, passes through the town in the direction of Bangladesh and the border town Bongaon, which is approximately 38 km from Ashokenagar.

The NH 112 (Old NH 35) is a part of [[Asian Highway 1]] (AH 1) which goes from Tokyo to Istanbul.

The town is well connected by road and railway to Kolkata. It is also connected to Naihati and the Habra Jirat Road.

The town is very planned; it is divided into 23 municipal wards. The town was originally planned as a township to accommodate the refugees who flooded India after India was partitioned. It contains housing plots under several schemes (areas or regions in the town).

==Festivals==
Major festivals observed at Ashokenagar include [[Durga puja]], [[Laxmi puja]], [[Saraswati puja]], [[Manasa]] puja, [[Shitala]] puja, [[Ratha yatra]], [[Vishvakarman|Bishwakarma]] puja, [[Shivratri]] and [[Diwali]]. Ashokenagar is known for big Durga Pujas as well as the Kali Puja venues. Bharati and Pally Durga puja is the best known Durga puja at Ashokenagar. But Kalyangarh region is well known for its [[Jagadhatri]] Puja.
[[File:Ramkrishna Seba Samiti Jagadhatri Idol (2021).jpg|thumb|Ramkrishna Seba Samiti Jagadhatri Idol (2021)]]

== Sports ==
Dr. Bidhan Chandra Roy Krirangan or commonly known as '3no. Stadium' (৩ নম্বর স্টেডিয়াম) is the main sports ground which is facilitated with two galleries for the crowd to sit. The "Ashokenagar Sports Association (ASA)" serve as its governing body. They organise cricket and football matches. Several prominent players have emerged from this region of different games, who have made the country proud. Two swimming pools and well-equipped gymnasium "Sutanu" are here. With the help of government, many clubs have modern facilities for bodybuilding. There are also training camps for Athletes and Karate.

==See also==
* [[Ashokenagar Oil Field]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

=== Books ===
* Matribhasha Prashare Asokenagar : Ekti Samaj O Bhashabigyan Mulak Gabeshana by Avinandan das, {{ISBN|978-93-5457-660-7}}

==External links==
* {{cite web | url = http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1911_PART_A_DCHB_NORTH%20TWENTY%20FOUR%20PARGANAS.pdf | title = District Census Handbook North Twenty Four Parganas, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A | work= Page 289 -Map of Habra I CD Block | publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal |access-date = 1 June 2018}}

{{North 24 Parganas District}}
{{North 24 Parganas topics}}
{{Municipalities of West Bengal}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in North 24 Parganas district]]
[[Category:Planned cities in West Bengal]]

Irshalgad

2025-12-18T23:10:24Z

GarnetWelton89: brief cleanup intro based on references and updated info

{{Short description|Fortress in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
{{coord|18.933568|N|73.232031|E|region:IN|display=title}}
{{More citations needed|date=July 2009}}
[[Image:Irshal gad pinnacle.jpg|thumb|Irshalgad pinnacle]]
[[File:Irshalgad plateau and pinnacle.jpg|thumb|Irshalgad plateau and pinnacle as seen on a monsoon day from just before Irshalwadi village]]
'''Irshalgad''' is a fortress located between [[Matheran]] and [[Panvel]] in [[Maharashtra]], [[India]]. It is a sister fort to [[Prabalgad]]. The area of the fort is not large but there are several water cisterns cut from the rock. The nearest village is Irshalwadi.<ref>{{cite web |title=Giridarshan Trekking |url=https://www.giridarshan.com/forts/Irshalgad/Irshalgad2.html |access-date=2009-09-07}}</ref>

==Trekking to Irshalgad==
Irshalgad is 6.5 km out and back trek located near Chauk railway station.<ref>{{cite web|author1=inditramp|title=Monsoon day trek to Irshalgad pinnacle|url=https://www.wikiloc.com/hiking-trails/monsoon-day-trek-to-irshalgad-pinnacle-10323446|website=www.wikiloc.com/|access-date=27 July 2020}}</ref> Irshalgad pinnacle is an easy to moderate difficulty which takes 2 hour to ascend and 1.5 hour to descend. The road head, if travelling by your own vehicle is Nanivali village near Chowk town. Chowk town lies on NH4 that connects Panvel with Karjat. Chowk also has a train station (Station code [https://indiarailinfo.com/arrivals/chowk-chok/9780 CHOK]). ([https://indiarailinfo.com/train/timetable/bhusaval-pune-express-11025-bsl-to-chok/1275/208/9780 Pune - Bhusaval express]) stops at Chowk train station. From Chowk, Nanivali village (the starting point of this trek) is a comfortable 2.3 kilometres walk. From Nanivali village you follow a wide well defined path till Irshalwadi village. The path climbs a steep ridge and then tapers to an easy ascend till Irshalwadi. From Irshalwadi village head towards a temple dedicated to a local deity and access the Irshalgad plateau via a west–east axis. The trek is child friendly till the pinnacle base.<ref>{{cite web|author1=Bharat Singh Bhadwal|title=Irshalgad near Mumbai (Maharashtra) monsoon trek|url=https://inditramp.com/trekking/Irshalgad-Pinnacle-Monsoon-Trek.html|website=www.inditramp.com|access-date=27 July 2020|archive-date=31 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220331082230/https://www.inditramp.com/trekking/Irshalgad-Pinnacle-Monsoon-Trek.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Nevertheless, there have been numerous fatalities while climbing the pinnacle.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Parida|first=Umesh K|date= December 31, 2018|title=Kalyan trekker falls off fort cliff, dies|work=The Times Of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/navi-mumbai/kalyan-trekker-falls-off-fort-cliff-dies/articleshow/67316373.cms|access-date=July 29, 2020}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Forts in Maharashtra}}

[[Category:Forts in Raigad district]]
[[Category:Forts in Maharashtra]]

{{Raigad-geo-stub}}

List of Sahitya Akademi Translation Prize winners for Bodo

2025-12-11T06:50:33Z

GarnetWelton89: Added a data

{{Short description|List of winners of a literary honor in India}}
{{Sahitya Akademi Awards}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2023}}
'''Sahitya Akademi Translation Prizes''' are given each year to writers for their outstanding translations work in the 24 languages, since 1989. Sahitya Akademi Translation Prizes for Bodo language started in 2005.

==Recipients==
Following is the list of recipients of [[Sahitya Akademi Translation Prize|Sahitya Akademi translation prizes]] for their works written in [[Bodo language|Bodo]]. The award, as of 2019, consisted of {{INR}}50,000.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://sahitya-akademi.gov.in/awards/sahitya_akademi_prize.jsp | title=..:: SAHITYA : Sahitya Akademi Prize :: }}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year
! Translator
! Title of the translation
! Original Title
! Original Language
! Genre
! Original Author
! class=unsortable|{{Abbr|Ref.|Reference}}
|-
| 2005 || Pramila Narzary || ''Abwini Solo'' || ''Buri Aair Sadhu'' || Assamese || Short Stories || Lakshinath Bezbarua ||
|-
| 2006 || Rangina Daimary || ''Geder Habila'' || ''Uchchakangkha'' || Assamese || Essay || [[Homen Borgohain]] ||
|-
| 2007 || [[Anjali Daimary]]|| ''Adra Lirnai Sanreb'' || ''Adha Lekha Dastabez'' || Assamese || || [[Indira Goswami]] ||
|-
| 2008 || Pradip Raja Brahma || ''Sni-Bifan Ramayan'' || ''Krittibasa Ramayana'' || Bengali || Poetry || Mahakvai Krittibasa ||
|-
| 2009 || Gobindo Narzary || ''Mwsou Daan'' || ''Godan'' || Hindi || Novel || [[Munshi Premchand]] ||
|-
| 2010 || Uthrisar Khungur Basumatary || ''Yiaruingam'' || ''Yiaruingam'' || Assamese || Novel || [[Birendra Kumar Bhattacharya]] ||
|-
| 2011 || Hari Narayan Khaklary || ''Volganifrai Ganga'' || ''Volga se Ganga'' || Hindi || Novel || [[Rahul Sankrityayan]] ||
|-
| 2012 || Swarna Prabha Chainary || ''Nwizise Sungdo Solo'' || ''21 Short Stories By Rabindranath'' || Bengali || Short Stories || [[Rabindranath Tagore]] || ||
|-
| 2013 || Gobinda Boro || ''Jagari'' || ''Jagori'' || Bengali || Novel || [[Satinath Bhaduri]] || <ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=http://sahitya-akademi.gov.in/e-newsletter/July-August_2014_NewsLetter.pdf|title=Sahitya Akademi Newsletter|website=www.sahitya-akademi.gov.in|access-date=2014-08-22|archive-date=}}</ref>
|-
| 2014 || Surath Narzary || ''[[Geetanjali]]'' || ''Geetanjali'' || Bengali || Poetry || [[Rabindranath Tagore]] || <ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=http://sahitya-akademi.gov.in/e-newsletter/sep-dec_2015_NewsLetter.pdf|title=Sahitya Akademi Newsletter|website=www.sahitya-akademi.gov.in|access-date=2015-09-04|archive-date=}}</ref>
|-
| 2015 || Dhansri Swargiary || ''Jaharni Mwnthai'' || ''Aranyer Adhikar'' || Bengali || Novel || [[Mahasweta Devi]] || <ref>{{cite news |title=Sahitya Akademi announces winners of translation prize |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/pti-feed/story/sahitya-akademi-announces-winners-of-translation-prize-556372-2016-02-15 |accessdate=3 October 2019 |agency=India Today}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Imphal hosts Sahitya Akademi Translation Award |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/imphal-hosts-sahitya-akademi-translation-award/ |accessdate=3 October 2019 |newspaper=Indian Express}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Sahitya Akademi announces winners of translation prize |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/sahitya-akademi-announces-winners-of-translation-prize-116021501187_1.html |accessdate=3 July 2019 |agency=business-standard}}</ref>
|-
| 2016 || Birhas Giri Basumatary || ''Thengphakri Tahsildarni Thamani Thungri'' || ''Thengphakri Tahsildaror Tamor Torowal'' || Assamese || Novel || [[Mamoni Raisom Goswami]] ||
|-
| 2017 || Gobinda Basumatary || ''Gaddar'' || ''Gaddar'' || Hindi || Novel || [[Krishan Chander]] ||
|-
| 2018 || [[Nabin Brahma]]|| ''Binodini'' || ''Chokher Bali'' || Bengali || Novel || [[Rabindranath Tagore]] || <ref name="sahitya-akademi3">{{Cite web|url=https://sahitya-akademi.gov.in/pdf/Translationprize_14-15-June-2019.pdf|title=Sahitya Akademi Translation Prize 2018|website=www.sahitya-akademi.gov.in|access-date=2022-03-30}}</ref>
|-
| 2019 || Gopinath Brahma || ''Abwnglaorini Fao'' || ''Daivathinte Vikrithikal'' || Malayalam || Novel || [[M. Mukundan]] || <ref name=":3">{{Cite web|url=http://indiaculture.nic.in/sites/default/files/press_release/Pressrelease_TP_2019_25_02_2020.pdf|title=Sahitya Akademi Newsletter|website=www.sahitya-akademi.gov.in|access-date=2020-02-24|archive-date=}}</ref>
|-
| 2020 || [[Kameshwar Brahma]] || ''Gibi Bharatni Jarimin'' || ''The Penguin History of Early India : from the Origins to AD 1300'' || English || History || [[Romila Thapar]] || <ref name=":4">{{Cite web|url=http://sahitya-akademi.gov.in/pdf/TP-2020-EWeb.pdf|title=Sahitya Akademi Prize for Translation 2020|website=www.sahitya-akademi.gov.in|access-date=2021-09-18|archive-date=}}</ref>
|-
| 2021 || Indira Boro || ''Hirimba'' || ''Hirimba'' || Assamese || Novel || Jayanti Gogoi || <ref name=":5">{{Cite web|url=https://sahitya-akademi.gov.in/pdf/Pressrelease_TP-2021.pdf|title=Sahitya Akademi Prize for Translation 2021|website=www.sahitya-akademi.gov.in|access-date=2022-07-05|archive-date=}}</ref>
|-
| 2022 || Raja Devojit Basumatary || ''Kabuliwalani Bangali Biji'' || ''Kabuliwalar Bangali Bou'' || Bengali || Novel || Sushmita Bandyopadhyay || <ref name=":6">{{Cite web|url=https://currentaffairs.adda247.com/sahitya-akademi-awards-2022-announced/|title=Sahitya akademi awards 2022 announced|website=www.currentaffairs.adda247.com|access-date=2023-07-03}}</ref><ref name=":6A">{{Cite web|url=https://sahitya-akademi.gov.in/pdf/Pressrelease_TP-2022.pdf|title=Sahitya Akademi Translation Prize 2022|website=www.sahitya-akademi.gov.in|access-date=2023-07-03|archive-date=}}</ref>
|-
| 2023 || Ambikagiri Hajowary || ''Santanufwlerni Fisajla'' || ''Santanukulanandan'' || Assamese || Noval || Purabi Bormudoi || <ref>{{cite web |title=SAHITYA AKADEMI PRIZE FOR TRANSLATION 2023 |url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2013527 |website=www.pib.gov.in |access-date=12 July 2024}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://sahitya-akademi.gov.in/awards/sahitya_akademi_prize.jsp|title = ..:: SAHITYA : Sahitya Akademi Prize ::}}</ref>
|-
| 2024 || Uttara Bwiswmuthiary || ''Kanchan'' || ''Kanchan'' || Assamese || Noval || [[Anuradha Sharma Pujari]] || <ref>{{cite web |title=SAHITYA AKADEMI PRIZE FOR TRANSLATION 2024 |url=https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=2113771 |website=pib.gov.in |access-date=26 October 2025}}</ref>
|}

== See also ==
{{Portal|India|Literature}}
* [[List of Sahitya Akademi Award winners for Bodo]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://sahitya-akademi.gov.in/awards/anuvad_samman_suchi.jsp#Dogri Akademi Translation Prizes For Bodo Language]
{{Sahitya Akademi Translation Prize}}

[[Category:Sahitya Akademi Translation Prize|Bodo]]
[[Category:Indian literary awards]]

Ramwadi metro station

2025-12-09T23:50:35Z

GarnetWelton89: creating initial data from scratch

{{short description|Pune Metro's Aqua Line terminal metro station}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2024}}
{{Infobox station
| name = Ramwadi
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| symbol_location =
| symbol =
| type = {{Pune Metro Infobox station line|line=Aqua}}
| style = Pune Metro
| image = Closeup of Ramwadi Metro Station, Pune.jpg
| alt =
| caption =
| address = Viman Nagar, Pune, Maharashtra 411014
| borough =
| country =
| coordinates = {{coord|18.557144|73.909680|format=dms|region:IN|display=inline,title}}
| owned = [[Maharashtra Metro Rail Corporation Limited]] (MAHA-METRO)
| operator = [[Pune Metro]]
| line = {{rcb|Pune Metro|Aqua|croute}}
| distance =
| platforms = [[Side platform]] Platform-1 → Train Terminates Here Platform-2 → [[Vanaz metro station|Vanaz]]
| tracks = 2
| train_operators =
| connections =
| structure = [[Elevated]], [[Double-track railway|Double track]]
| levels = 2
| parking =
| bicycle =
| architectural_style =
| accessible = Yes {{access icon}}
| code = RAW
| zone =
| website =
| opened = {{Start date and age|df=yes|2024|03|06}}
| closed = 
| passengers = {{increase}} 3,99,779 <ref>{{cite web|title=Significant Increase in Pune Metro's Daily Ridership in September 2024|website=[[Maharashtra Metro Rail Corporation Limited]]|access-date=2024-12-22|date=2024-10-03|url=https://punemetrorail.org/download/Increase-ridershipPune%20-English%20PR.pdf}}</ref>
| pass_year = Sept 2024
| pass_rank =
| services = {{Adjacent stations|system=Pune Metro|line=Aqua|left=Kalyani Nagar|to-right=Ramwadi|right=}}
| route_map = {{Pune Metro Aqua Line Route}}
| map_state = collapsed
| mapframe = yes
| mapframe-marker = rail
| mapframe-marker-color = #{{rail color|Pune Metro|Aqua}}
| mapframe-zoom = 14
}}

'''Ramwadi''' is the elevated eastern terminal metro station on the East - West corridor of the [[Aqua Line (Pune Metro)|Aqua Line]] of [[Pune Metro]] in [[Pune]], India. It is connected to [[Rainbow Bus Rapid Transit System]]. The station was opened on 6 March 2024 as an extension of Pune Metro Phase I.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-03-06 |title=PM Modi inaugurates Pune Metro route extension; these three new stations will be operational from today |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/pune/pm-modi-metro-inauguration-ramwadi-stretch-pimpri-nigdi-9198703/ |access-date=2024-03-07 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> Aqua Line operates between Vanaz and Ramwadi stations.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-03-07 |title=Comfortable, convenient & economic: Citizens on Metro launch till Ramwadi |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/pune/metro-launch-till-ramwadi-citizens-share-their-experience/articleshow/108280993.cms |access-date=2024-03-07 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=It's official, PM to open Pune Metro service on two sections on Aug 1 |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/pune-news/prime-minister-modi-to-inaugurate-pune-metro-stretches-on-august-1-including-crucial-civil-court-interchange-station-101690481441750.html |last=Gadkari |first=Siddharth |date=2023-07-27 |access-date=2023-08-04 |work=[[Hindustan Times]]}}</ref>

Along with the opening of this station, the [[Pune Mahanagar Parivahan Mahamandal Limited]] had inaugurated AC bus feeder service from Ramwadi to [[Pune Airport]]. The bus no. 19 ran on two routes at an interval of 25 minutes, the fare for which was ₹5 to ₹10 depending upon the distance.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-03-07 |title=Pune Gets Feeder Buses From Ramwadi Metro Station to Lohegaon Airport; Check Timings, Routes, Fares |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/pune/pune-gets-feeder-buses-from-ramwadi-metro-station-to-lohegaon-airport-check-timings-routes-fares-article-108287687 |access-date=2024-06-22 |website=Times Now |language=en}}</ref> However, the operations of this shuttle bus were shifted to [[Yerwada metro station]], after the latter was inaugurated on 21 August 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-08-24 |title=Pune Metro Airport Shuttle Bus Service No. 19 Now From Yerwada Metro Station - PUNE PULSE |url=https://www.mypunepulse.com/pune-metro-airport-shuttle-bus-service-no-19-now-from-yerwada-metro-station/ |access-date=2024-08-25 |language=en-US}}</ref> Another AC bus feeder service connecting Ramwadi to [[Kharadi]] was launched in June 2024. This bus travels a distance of 7km and runs at an interval of 30 minutes, covering around 20 stops on the route.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-06-20 |title=AC feeder bus service begins from Ramwadi Metro station till Kharadi |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/pune/ac-feeder-bus-service-begins-from-ramwadi-metro-station-till-kharadi/articleshow/111124655.cms |access-date=2024-06-22 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

==Station layout==
{{stack|{{Routemap
| title = Bund Garden track layout
| title-bg = #{{rail color|Pune Metro|Aqua}}
| legend = track
| collapsible = no
| map = vCONTgfa
cPLT\vSTR\cPLT ~~ ~~ ~~ to {{stl|Pune Metro|Kalyani Nagar}}
*'''P2'''\cPLT\vSTR\cPLT\*'''P1'''
cPLT\vSTR\cPLT ~~ ~~ ~~ Train Terminates Here **
vCONTgfe
| bottom = <div style="width:23.5em;text-align:center">Station with two tracks and two side platforms </div>
}}}}
{|table border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=3
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px grey;border-top:solid 1px grey;" width=50 valign=top|'''G'''
|style="border-top:solid 1px grey;border-bottom:solid 1px grey;" width=100 valign=top|Street level
|style="border-top:solid 1px grey;border-bottom:solid 1px grey;" width=500 valign=top|Exit/Entrance
|-
|valign=top|'''L1'''
|valign=top|Mezzanine
|valign=top|Fare control, station agent, Metro Card vending machines, crossover 
|-
|style="border-top:solid 1px grey;border-bottom:solid 1px grey;" width=50 rowspan=4 valign=top|'''L2'''
|style="border-top:solid 1px grey;border-right:solid 2px black;border-left:solid 2px black;border-bottom:solid 2px black;text-align:center;" colspan=2|[[Side platform]] | Doors will open on the left {{access icon}}
|-
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px grey;" width=100|'''Platform 1''' '''Eastbound'''
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px grey;" width=500|Towards → Train Terminates Here
|-
|'''Platform 2''' '''Westbound'''
|Towards ← [[Vanaz metro station|Vanaz]] '''Next Station:''' [[Kalyani Nagar metro station|Kalyani Nagar]]
|-
|style="border-top:solid 2px black;border-right:solid 2px black;border-left:solid 2px black;border-bottom:solid 1px grey;" colspan=2 align=center|[[Side platform]] | Doors will open on the left {{access icon}}
|-
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px grey;" width=50 rowspan=2 valign=top|'''L3'''
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px grey;" width=100|
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px grey;" width=500|
|-
|}

==See also==
* [[Pune]]
* [[Maharashtra]]
* [[Urban rail transit in India#Rapid transit|Rapid Transit in India]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://www.punemetrorail.org/station/ramwadi/ Official website]

[[Category:Pune Metro stations]]
[[Category:Railway stations in India opened in 2024]]

{{Pune Metro}}
{{Asia-metro-stub}}

Bhojpuri nouns

2025-11-17T06:40:44Z

GarnetWelton89: created the data w/ infobox!

{{See also|Bhojpuri grammar}}

'''Bhojpuri nouns''' are a category of words in the [[Bhojpuri language]]. As in most other [[Indo-Aryan languages]], Bhojpuri nouns are of either masculine or feminine [[Grammatical gender|gender]]. Every Bhojpuri noun has three forms viz. short, long and redundant.

The prototypical Bhojpuri noun is characterised by exhibiting certain properties. These properties are durability, complexity, concreteness, compactness and the quality of being individuative in association with their multiple features like size, shape, weight, colour and cultural usage.{{Sfn|Lohar|2020|p=123}}

== Semantics ==
Nouns of Bhojpuri tend to change their features in a slower fashion compared to the other word classes.{{Sfn|Lohar|2020|p=123}}

== Syntax ==
A noun is the head of a Bhojpuri [[noun phrase]] and occupies a major position in clauses. In a sentence, the noun phrase may take the position of subject, object (direct and indirect), nominal predicate, possessor, object complement and locative expression.{{Sfn|Lohar|2020|p=124-125}}

== Declension ==

The inflexion of the eight cases present in [[Old Indo-Aryan]] has not been preserved in Bhojpuri. Gender-specific declension paradigms are absent in Bhojpuri, as in other [[Magadhan languages]].{{Sfn|Tiwari|1960|p=103}}

=== Stem and its forms ===
The noun stem ends in either a vowel or a consonant, e.g. ''dōrā'' (thread), ''nōkar'' (servant). Nouns generally have three forms: the short, long and the redundant form.{{Sfn|Tiwari|1960|p=104}} For example, for nōkar, the three forms are ''nōkar'', ''nōkarwā'' and ''nokarawā'', respectively. Nouns also have a fourth weak form. The weak form is the shortest form of a noun and generally ends in a short vowel or in a consonant. The weak form of nouns is rarely used in vernacular speech.{{Sfn|Tiwari|1960|p=104}}

The long and redundant forms are used only with socially inferior and younger people and never with elders and superiors. The different forms of nouns are given in the following table:

{| class="wikitable"
!Definition
!Weak
!Short
!Long
!Redundant
|-
|Horse
|ghōṛ
|ghōṛā
|ghoṛwā
|ghōrawā
|-
|Iron
|lōh
|lohā
|lōhwā
|lohawā
|}

==== Rules for making long forms ====

# If stem ends with -ā, wā is added to it.
# If stem ends with ū, the vowel is shortened before the termination.
# If stem ends with ī, yā is added to it.
# If stem ends with a constant, -ā is added.

These examples are given in the following table:

{| class="wikitable"
!Definition
!Short
!Long
|-
|King
|rājā
|rajwā
|-
|Barber
|nāū
|naūwā
|-
|Garderner
|mālī
|maliyā
|-
|Cobbler
|camār
|camarā
|}

=== Gender ===
Gender, while present, is not an important aspect in the grammar of modern Bhojpuri and corresponds primarily to the natural sex of what the noun denotes. There are no strict affixes for the different genders.{{Sfn|Tiwari|1960|p=104}} In modern Bhojpuri, adjectives are also not required to agree with the gender of the nouns they qualify, as they were in Old Bhojpuri, e.g.:

{{Blockquote|text={{Script|Kthi|𑂞𑂥 𑂥𑂹𑂩𑂯𑂹𑂧𑂰 𑂣𑂴𑂓𑂪 𑂧𑂯𑂞𑂰𑂩𑂲, 𑂍𑂵 𑂞𑂷𑂩 𑂦𑂞𑂰𑂩 𑂍𑂵𑂍𑂩𑂲 𑂞𑂴 𑂢𑂰𑂩𑂲}}

''taba brahmā pūchhala mahatārī, ke tora bhatāra kekarī tū nārī''|author=[[Kabir]]|title=Bijak|source=page. 27}}Nouns which represent animate beings take the gender according to their natural sex. However, some nouns are always masculine or always feminine irrespective of the natural gender of a specific individual. For example, ''kaūā'' (crow) is always masculine and ''ciraī'' (bird) is always feminine.{{Sfn|Tiwari|1960|p=105}}

=== Number ===
Plurals are created by affixing -an, -ani, -anh, -anhi, -nh, -nhi, -n or -ni. Plurals can also be made by adding words that represent plurality. Generally, these words are ''sabh'' (all) and ''lōg'' (people).{{Sfn|Tiwari|1960|p=107}}

{| class="wikitable"
!Definition
!Singular Form
!Plural Form
|-
|House
|ghar
|gharan
|-
|Horse
|ghoṛā
|ghoṛan
|-
|Boy
|laīkā
|laīkan/laīka sabh
|-
|King
|rājā
|rājā lōg
|}

== Case Inflexions ==
Case relationships are represented with postpositions. The accusative, dative and genitive are marked by ''ke'', the instrumental and ablative by ''sē'' and the locative by ''mē'' and ''par''. The postposition ''lē'' is also used for the ablative in the Bhojpuri of Shahabad district.{{Sfn|Tiwari|1960|p=108-111}}

=== Postpositional words ===
Some postpositional words in Bhojpuri are:

* ''āgā'' : before, in front of. Example: ''hini ka āge'' (in front of him)
* ''upar:'' on, upon
* ''ōr'': towards, in the direction of
* ''karat'': doing
* ''khātir'' or ''lā'': for
* ''chāṛi'': give up
* ''niyar'' or ''niyan'': like or similar
*

== Notes ==

{{reflist}}

==References ==
*{{Cite book |last=Lohar |first=Gopal Thakur |title=A GRAMMAR OF BHOJPURI |publisher=Tribhuvan University |year=2020 |location=Kathmandu, Nepal}}
*{{Cite book |last=Tiwari |first=Uday Narayan |title=The origin and development of Bhojpuri |publisher=The Asiatic society |year=1960 |location=Park Street, Kolkata}}
*{{Cite book |last1=Jain |first1=Danesh |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OtCPAgAAQBAJ&dq=Bhojpuri+grammar&pg=PA536 |title=The Indo-Aryan Languages |last2=Cardona |first2=George |publisher=Taylor & Francis |year=2007 |isbn=9781135797119}}

[[Category:Bhojpuri language|nouns]]

Sawandhe

2025-10-04T18:15:31Z

GarnetWelton89: created initial post added tags!

{{short description|Village in Maharashtra}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2017}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Sawandhe
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| settlement_type = village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| etymology =
| pushpin_map = India Maharashtra#India
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Maharashtra, India
| coordinates = {{coord|19.3240905|N|73.0774202|E|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates_footnotes =
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = [[India]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Maharashtra]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Thane district|Thane]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Taluka]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Bhiwandi]]
| established_title =
| established_date =
| founder =
| seat_type = [[Panchayat]]
| seat =
| leader_party =
| leader_title =
| leader_name =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_m = 14
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_total = 2807
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code =
| area_code_type = 
| area_code =
| blank_name_sec1 = [[2011 Census of India|2011 census]] code
| blank_info_sec1 = 552638
| footnotes =
}}
'''Sawandhe''' is a village in the [[Thane district]] of [[Maharashtra]], [[India]]. It is located in the [[Bhiwandi]] [[taluka]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://dolr.nic.in/dolr/mpr/revenuevillagedirectorypdf/Maharashtra.pdf |title=Maharashtra villages |publisher=Land Records Information Systems Division, NIC |accessdate=2015-08-17 |archive-date=4 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304095320/http://dolr.nic.in/dolr/mpr/revenuevillagedirectorypdf/Maharashtra.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>

== Demographics ==

According to the [[2011 census of India]], Sawandhe has 700 households. The effective literacy rate (i.e. the literacy rate of population excluding children aged 6 and below) is 78.62%.<ref name="census_2011"/>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Demographics (2011 Census)<ref name="census_2011">{{cite web |url=http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/cdb_pca_census/PCA%20CDB-2721-F-Census.xlsx |title=District census data |work=[[2011 Census of India]] |publisher=Directorate of Census Operations |accessdate=2015-08-17 }}</ref>
! !! Total !! Male !! Female
|-
| Population || 2807 || 1951 || 856
|-
| Children aged below 6 years || 351 || 192 || 159
|-
| [[Scheduled caste]] || 252 || 165 || 87
|-
| [[Scheduled tribe]] || 402 || 283 || 119
|-
| Literates || 1931 || 1456 || 475
|-
| Workers (all) || 1545 || 1454 || 91
|-
| Main workers (total) || 1497 || 1426 || 71
|-
| Main workers: Cultivators || 64 || 56 || 8
|-
| Main workers: Agricultural labourers || 9 || 8 || 1
|-
| Main workers: Household industry workers || 25 || 13 || 12
|-
| Main workers: Other || 1399 || 1349 || 50
|-
| Marginal workers (total) || 48 || 28 || 20
|-
| Marginal workers: Cultivators || 4 || 2 || 2
|-
| Marginal workers: Agricultural labourers || 5 || 3 || 2
|-
| Marginal workers: Household industry workers || 1 || 0 || 1
|-
| Marginal workers: Others || 38 || 23 || 15
|-
| Non-workers || 1262 || 497 || 765
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Bhiwandi taluka}}

[[Category:Villages in Bhiwandi taluka]]

College of Dairy Science and Technology, Mannuthy

2025-10-03T00:24:48Z

GarnetWelton89: creating first stub needs work

{{more citations needed|date=May 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2018}}
{{Infobox university
| name = College of Dairy Science and Technology, Mannuthy<ref name="CO">{{cite web|url=http://cee.kerala.gov.in/collegelist/main/viewdetails.php?college=Q0RU|title=cee.kerala.gov.in/collegelist/main/viewdetails.php?college=Q0RU|publisher=cee.kerala.gov.in|accessdate=2015-10-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121218055723/http://www.cee.kerala.gov.in/collegelist/main/viewdetails.php?college=Q0RU|archive-date=18 December 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| image_name =
| logo =
| established = 1993<ref name="kvasu">{{cite web|url=http://www.kvasu.ac.in/college/more/4|title=Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University|publisher=kvasu.ac.in|accessdate=2015-10-13}}</ref>
| motto =
| mottoeng =
| type = Engineering College
| coordinates = {{coord|10.5346|76.2625|type:edu|display=inline,title}} 
| pushpin_map = India Kerala#India
| director =
| postgrad =
| doctoral =
| city = Mannuthy, [[Thrissur]]
| state = [[Kerala]]
| country = [[India]]
| coor =
| campus =
| faculty =
| students =
| colors =
| website = {{URL|http://www.kvasu.ac.in/college/more/4}}
}}

'''College of Dairy Science & Technology (CDST), Mannuthy''', established in 1993 is a constituent college under the Faculty of Dairy Science and Technology of the Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (KVASU), a State Public University headquartered at Pookode in [[Wayanad district]] of Kerala.

==History==
B.Tech. (Dairy Science & Technology) Programme, the first of its kind in the state was initiated in the year 1993 under the aegis of the Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences of [[Kerala Agricultural University]]. Later it was upgraded to the status of a college in the year 1998. With the advent of the Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University in 2010, the college was further upgraded to the status of an independent Faculty. College of Dairy Science & Technology (CDST) is one of the renowned institutions for Dairy education in the country. The Institute facilitates a close interaction between students, farmers, scientists, technocrats, and dairy industry such that all are mutually benefited. The college has endowed more than 350 Dairy professionals to the nation who are well equipped to take up challenging responsibilities in dairy industry, research institutes and academia.

==Academics==
It offers B.Tech. programme in Dairy Science & Technology and Master of Technology (M.Tech.) programme in Dairy Technology.<ref name="CO"/>
The candidates admitted to B.Tech. (DSc. & Tech.) programme are selected through the Common Engineering Entrance Examination conducted by Govt. of Kerala. The candidates who have passed the Higher Secondary Examination, Kerala or examinations recognized as equivalent thereto, with 50% marks in Mathematics separately, and 50% marks in Mathematics, Physics and Chemistry put together are eligible for admission. The college also admits students from ICAR quota for the UG programme. The admission to M.Tech. programmes is done through the Entrance examination conducted by the university and from the ICAR PG entrance examination held every year. One seat in the M.Tech. course is earmarked for student admitted under the Senior Residency programme.

==Courses==

{| class="wikitable"
! Course !! Duration
|-
| B.Tech. (Dairy Science & Technology) || 4 years (8 semesters) Intake-40
|-
| M.Tech. (Dairy Technology) || 2 years (4 semesters) Intake-4 + 1(Senior Residency)
|-
|}

==Pedagogy==
The course curricula for B.Tech. (Dairy Science & Technology), is prepared in lines with the pattern specified by the Indian Council for Agricultural Research (1.C.A.R), New Delhi as a unique job oriented degree programme. The total duration of the course is eight semesters. The last semester is set apart for In-plant training and Farm training. The total credits have been apportioned to Dairy Technology, Dairy Engineering, Dairy Chemistry, Dairy Microbiology, Dairy Business Management, Dairy Extension and Dairy Husbandry disciplines with due weight for each.

Students are exposed to the entire operations taking place in the KVASU Dairy Plant and through internship in other professionally managed co-operative and private dairy processing plants (Milma, Amul, Schreiber Dynamix, Mother Dairy etc.) which help them to acquire the required skills and confidence to work as highly motivated professionals. They are also enriched with entrepreneurial qualities to start their own industrial units. For this, they have to successfully complete a ‘Hands-on-training cum Experiential Learning Programme’ during the seventh semester. A field-extension training organised in association with Dairy Development Department, Govt. of Kerala and Internship programme organized in dairy farms are also an integral part of the programme.

The M.Tech. programme is offered in the discipline of Dairy Technology in line with the syllabus and other guidelines stipulated by ICAR, New Delhi. One seat is reserved under Senior Residency system for M.Tech. programme. The selection for residency programme is done based on option and merit of the candidate.

==Life at CDST==
Life at CDST is exciting and invigorating; class schedules, assignments, practical sessions, presentations, seminars, industrial visits etc. The college also gives priority to extracurricular activities, for students to develop their social, cultural and managerial skills outside the classroom. Co-curricular activities like Annual Arts’ Fest and College Sports Meet, Student's Union activities, Exhibitions, Conferences, Seminars, Technical Meets, Debates, Quiz competitions, etc. are organized aimed at the holistic development of student community.

The National Service Scheme (NSS) unit of the college undertakes various programmes aimed to improve the social commitment of students and their personality development. Programmes are arranged during World Milk day, Farmers’ day, Republic day and Independence Day celebrations. The 1(Kerala) Remount and Veterinary Squadron NCC unit located in the Veterinary College, Mannuthy trains both B. V. Sc and B.Tech. students for equestrian events.

==Study Tours==
Study tours are an integral part of the B.Tech. academic curriculum. An All Kerala tour and an All India tour are organized to facilitate the students to visit the most important Dairy and Food plants and other important institutions across the county. Apart from these, study tours are also organized as part of the various courses. It includes trips to dairies, packaging industries, dairy farms and other such institutes concerned.

==Campus Placements==
Reputation of this institution is among the top academic institutions in dairy processing education and research; credit goes to the B.Tech. and M.Tech. graduates who brought laurels to this institution. Campus recruitment programmes are conducted for final year students/graduates every year. Reputed firms like Almarai in Saudi Arabia, Schreiber Dynamix Dairies, ITC Foods division, Milma, Hatsun Agro Products etc. recruit our B.Tech. graduates. Many graduates have joined the Dept. of Dairy Development, Govt. of Kerala as Dairy Extension Officers (on Direct Recruitment) and as Dairy Technologists/Quality Analysts in Dairy Plants of MILMA Federation/Unions across the state. Upon securing higher academic qualifications, many have joined as Academics/Scientists in reputed Central/State level Universities/Research institutions in the country.

Top recruiters include AMUL, NDDB, DFRL, Mother Dairy, Smithkline Beecham, Cadburys, Heinz, TUV SUD and Banking institutions such as SBI, ICICI, HDFC, IOB, PNB, SIB, Federal Bank etc.

==Professional Organizations==
Indian Dairy Association (IDA) – Kerala chapter and the Association for Food Scientists and Technologists, India (AFSTI) – Thrissur chapter functions in the college.
Indian Dairy Association (IDA) is a professional body which functions very closely with the dairy farmers, professionals and planners, scientists and educationists, institutions, and other organizations associated with the development of dairying in the country.

The Association of Food Scientists and Technologists, India (AFSTI) is one of the largest professional and educational organizations formed with the objective to stimulate and advance knowledge base on various aspects of [[Food science|Food Science]] and Technology.

==CDST Parent Teacher Association (CDSTPTA)==
The Parent Teacher Association is a statutorily elected body which aims at the overall development of the college. The PTA aspires for co-operation and participation of parents in full measure in the activities of the institution. The PTA has been focusing on the growth and development of the college since its inception and takes an active role in supporting various student development initiatives.

==CDST Graduates'Association (CDSTGA)==
CDST ensures the unrelenting supply of quality dairy professionals to meet the ever-growing necessity for improvement in Dairy/Food Processing sector till date. The graduates of the college formed an association named CDST Graduates’ Association (CDSTGA) during 2003, providing a comprehensive platform to involve actively in the welfare of college alumni, and work to support the milk producers and processors in the state. The members of the association are scattered across the globe. Alumni Reunion is organized every year under the aegis of CDSTGA.

Alumni Meeting was held on 18 March 2019, a new executive committee was selected in Annual General Body

==References==
{{Reflist}}
3. https://web.archive.org/web/20170520190818/http://cee.kerala.gov.in/collegelist/main/viewdetails.php?college=Q0RU

==External links==
*[http://www.kvasu.ac.in/college/more/4 Official website]

[[Category:Colleges in Thrissur]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 1993]]
[[Category:1993 establishments in Kerala]]
[[Category:Dairy farming in India]]

Tato, Arunachal Pradesh

2025-09-06T10:23:10Z

GarnetWelton89: created the details nd citations!

{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2025}}
'''Tato''' is a census town and district headquarters of the [[Shi Yomi district]] in [[Arunachal Pradesh]] state of India.<ref name=histt1>{{Cite web |title=Know Arunachal Pradesh: All about the districts |url=https://blog.mygov.in/know-arunachal-pradesh-all-about-the-districts/ |access-date=2023-03-18 |website=MyGov Blogs |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Arunachal Assembly Passes Bill For Creation Of 3 New Districts |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/for-creation-of-3-new-districts-pakke-kesang-lepa-rada-shi-yomi-arunachal-pradesh-assembly-passes-bi-1908352 |access-date=2023-03-18 |website=NDTV.com}}</ref>
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Tato
| settlement_type = District Headquarters
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = Arunachal Pradesh
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Shi Yomi district|Shi Yomi]]
| population_total = 1034<ref>{{citation|url=https://www.census2011.co.in/data/subdistrict/1626-tato-west-siang-arunachal-pradesh.html|title=Tato circle population|website=Census 2011}}</ref><ref>{{citation|url=http://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/193/download/422/DH_2011_1206_PART_B_DCHB_WEST_SIANG.pdf|title=Tato circle|website=Census India}}</ref>
| population_urban = 748
| population_rural = 286
| governing_body = Village council
| blank_name_sec2 = Literacy
| blank_info_sec2 = 48.64 %
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Ao languages|Ao]] and [[Indian English|English]]
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Human sex ratio|Sex ratio]]
| blank1_info_sec1 = 953/1000 [[male|♂]]/[[female|♀]]<ref>{{citation|url=http://www.census2011.co.in/data/village/263444-tato-h-q--arunachal-pradesh.html|title=demography|website=Census 2011}}</ref>
}}

==History==

In 2018, when Shi Yomi was created as a new district of Arunachal Pradesh, Tato became is headqarter.<ref name=histt1/>

==Geography ==

Tato town is 201 km northeast of state capital [[Itanagar]] and 140 north of [[Aalo]].

==Transport==
{{see also | India–China Border Roads }}

[[Mechuka#ATMYL|Aalo-Tato-Mechukha Highway]] (ATMYL Road), from Aalo (formerly called Along) to Tato, [[Mechuka]], [[Yorlung, Arunachal|Yorlung]], [[Lamang, Arunachal|Lamang]], and [[Lola Pass, Arunachal|Lola Pass]] on [[Line of Actual Control|LAC]] will be completed by March 2026 (September 2025 update). From Yorlung, the road forks into two, ''Yorlung-Lamang Road'' to north to Lamang [[Line_of_Actual_Control#Border_Out_Posts|BOP]] on LAC and ''Yorlung-Trijunction Road'' to northwest to Trijunction BOP on LAC.<ref name=AMT1>[https://www.constructionworld.in/transport-infrastructure/highways-and-roads-infrastructure/-bro-to-complete-key-aalo--mechukha-road-in-arunachal-by-2026/78163 BRO to Complete Key Aalo–Mechukha Road in Arunachal by 2026], constructionworld.in, 1 Sept 2025.</ref>

==See also==

* [[Geography of Arunachal Pradesh]]
* [[List of districts of Arunachal Pradesh]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in West Siang district]]
[[Category:Hill stations in Arunachal Pradesh]]
[[Category:Tourism in Northeast India| ]]

{{ArunachalPradesh-geo-stub}}

Pooja Sood

2025-08-07T03:34:40Z

GarnetWelton89: creating new details with sources

{{Short description|Indian curator and art management consultant}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{resume-like|date=March 2019}}
{{Notability|1=Biographies|date=October 2022}}
}}
[[File:Pooja Sood (6789164902).jpg|thumb|Pooja Sood, 2012]]
'''Pooja Sood''' is an Indian curator and art management consultant. She is also the founding member and Director of [[KHOJ, International Artists' Association|KHOJ International Artist's Association]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Advisory Group |url=https://ssaf.in/advisory-group/ |website=Sher-Gil Sundaram Arts Foundation |accessdate=8 March 2019}}</ref>

==Education==
Pooja is a mathematics graduate and has an MBA in Marketing (1984–86) from the Symbiosis Institute of Business Management, Pune. Sood has an MA in Art History (1990–92) from Punjab University, [[Chandigarh]].<ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/supplement/story/20180409-in-search-of-fine-art-khoj-indian-art-1201223-2018-03-30|title=In search of fine art|author=Chinki Sinha |date=March 30, 2018 |magazine=India Today}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.vervemagazine.in/people/catalyst-of-creativity-pooja-sood|title=Pooja Sood On Her Decades-Long Tryst With The Arts|date=July 28, 2017|website=Verve Magazine}}</ref> She also has a certificate in Cultural Policy from the CEU, Budapest (2007); and in Arts Management from the European Summer Academy of ICCM, Salzburg (2000).<ref name="auto1">{{Cite web|url=http://khojworkshop.org/khoj-people/|title=PEOPLE AT KHOJ « KHOJ|access-date=2019-03-08|archive-date=2019-03-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190315105425/http://khojworkshop.org/khoj-people/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Career==
Pooja started her career with Delhi-based Eicher Gallery in 1994 where she was the curator and administrator till 1998.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/just-before-monday/report-in-her-khoj-2588147|title=In her Khoj|date=February 25, 2018|website=DNA India}}</ref> During her time with them she curated over 20 exhibitions. In 1997, Sood along with [[Bharti Kher]], [[Subodh Gupta]], Manisha Parekh, [[Anita Dube]] and Prithpal S. Ladi founded Khoj International Artists’ Association.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/art/questing-the-alternative/article18436711.ece|title=Questing the alternative|first=Georgina|last=Maddox|newspaper=The Hindu |date=May 13, 2017|via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.livemint.com/Leisure/EeiEFyLNUtv3NxACY8SpqL/The-art-insiders.html|title=The art insiders|first=Chanpreet Khurana, Dhamini|last=Ratnam|date=February 26, 2016|website=livemint.com}}</ref> From 1998 - 2007, she coordinated the KHOJ International artist's workshops in Delhi (1998-2001), Bangalore (2002 -2003), Mumbai (2005), Kolkata (2006) and Srinagar (2007). From 2000 to 2010, she was the Regional Coordinator of the [[Triangle Arts Trust]], UK where she researched and facilitated the establishment of independent not for profit visual art organizations in Sri Lanka, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Nepal called SANA (South Asian Network for the Arts).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.punebiennale.in/advisor.php|title=Advisor|website=www.punebiennale.in|access-date=2019-03-08|archive-date=2021-05-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210511154806/https://www.punebiennale.in/advisor.php|url-status=dead}}</ref> She was the Curator of the Apeejay Media Gallery from 2002 to 2007. From October 2007- December 2008, she was also the Director of Artists Pension Trust, Mumbai.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://elcleonardo.com/|title=Shaun Leonardo|website=Shaun Leonardo}}</ref> She was appointed as the artistic director and curator of 48 °C Public.Art.Ecology, a public art project, commissioned by the Goethe Institut in December 2008.<ref name="auto1"/>

Since 2009, she has been serving as the Director of ARThinkSouthAsia (ATSA), an arts management programme for young managers in the cultural sphere.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://arthinksouthasia.org/about-us/atsa-team/|title=ATSA Team | ARThinkSouthAsia}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web| title=Report on Policy Consultation on promoting cultural and creative industries in Goa | url=https://en.unesco.org/creativity/sites/creativity/files/report_policy_consultation_creative_industries_goa.pdf | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190331192800/https://en.unesco.org/creativity/sites/creativity/files/report_policy_consultation_creative_industries_goa.pdf | archive-date=2019-03-31}}</ref> From November 2015 to February 2019; Sood also served as the Director General of [[Jawahar Kala Kendra]], an arts centre in Jaipur established by the Rajasthan Government.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/opinion/the-informer/moving-on/articleshow/68056313.cms|title=Pooja Sood steps down as Director General from Jawahar Kala Kendra|website=Mumbai Mirror}}</ref><ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://ssaf.in/advisory-group/|title=Sher-Gil Sundaram Arts Foundation | Advisory Group}}</ref> Sood has been on several international juries, like the IAPA award of the Institute of Public Art, Shanghai (2014), the Asia Pacific Breweries Signature prize hosted by the Singapore Art Museum (2014–15) and the Korean Art prize, Seoul (2013).<ref name="auto1"/>

Sood is currently working on curating the Pune Biennale which is to be held in November–December 2019.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/art/wheres-the-space/article26458072.ece|title=Where's the space?|first=Elizabeth|last=Kuruvilla|newspaper=The Hindu |date=March 7, 2019|via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://punemirror.indiatimes.com/pune/civic/khoj-to-curate-pune-biennale/articleshow/64799006.cms|title=Khoj to curate Pune Biennale|website=Pune Mirror|access-date=2019-03-08|archive-date=2019-03-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190331192749/https://punemirror.indiatimes.com/pune/civic/khoj-to-curate-pune-biennale/articleshow/64799006.cms|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Achievements==
Sood was the recipient of a Junior Fellowship from the Human Resource Development (HRD) Ministry, Government of India and developed a Directory of Funding for the Arts in 1998.<ref name="auto1"/> She is also a Chevening scholar on the Clore Leadership Programme, UK (2009-2011).<ref name="auto"/>

==Publications==
She is the editor of The Khoj Book Of Contemporary Indian Art: 1997- 2007, published by HarperCollins, 2010.<ref>{{cite book |author1=Pooja Sood |title=The Khoj Book Of Contemporary Indian Art: 1997-2007 |date=2010 |publisher=Harpercollins |isbn=978-8172236878 |url=https://www.amazon.in/Khoj-Book-Contemporary-Indian-Art/dp/B0072I0THC |accessdate=8 March 2019}}</ref>

==References==
<references />

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sood, Pooja}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian curators]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Indian women curators]]

Lavangi (scale)

2025-08-05T09:26:32Z

GarnetWelton89: cleanup formatting to improve readability for accuracy

{{Short description|Janya raga of Carnatic music}}
{{Carnatic}}
{{About||the 1946 film|Lavangi (1946 film)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2017}}

{{Infobox ragam
| name = Lavangi
| arohanam = {{svaraC|S|R1|M1|D1|S'}}
| avarohanam = {{svaraC|S'|D1|M1|R1|S}}
| mela =[[Hanumatodi]]
}}

'''Lavangi''' is a [[rāga]]m (musical scale) of [[Carnatic music]] (South Indian classical music).

It is a ''[[janya]]'' rāgam (derived scale) of the 8th ''[[Melakarta]]'' rāgam ''[[Hanumatodi]]''.<ref name="ragas">''Ragas in Carnatic music'' by Dr. S. Bhagyalekshmy, Pub. 1990, CBH Publications</ref><ref name="raganidhi">''Raganidhi'' by P. Subba Rao, Pub. 1964, The Music Academy of Madras</ref> [[M. Balamuralikrishna]] is credited with introducing it into Carnatic music and using this scale first for compositions.
His most popular kriti in this ragam is 'Omkaaraakarini'.

==Scale==

The Lavangi scale contains four swarams:

*[[Arohana]] : {{svaraC|S|R1|M1|D1|S'|foot=yes}}
*[[Avarohana]] : {{svaraC|S'|D1|M1|R1|S|foot=yes}}

==Origin==
The ragam Lavangi is derived from the [[Sanskrit]] words 'Lava' (beautiful) and 'Anga' (parts), and means "one with beautiful parts". [[M. Balamuralikrishna]] built the raga to have 4 swaras, excluding the low sadharna as it is generic.

==Compositions==

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Composition !!Language!!Talam!! Composer
!Singer
!Lyrics
!Audio Label
|-
| Omkaarakarini ||Sanskrit|| Adi||[[M. Balamuralikrishna|M Balamurali Krishna]]
|[[M. Balamuralikrishna|M Balamurali Krishna]]
|[[M. Balamuralikrishna|M Balamurali Krishna]]
|[[Living Media India Limited]]
|-
|Sakala Grahabalanene
|Kannada
|Khanda Chapu
|Purandara Dasa
|[[Priyadarshini (singer)|Priyadarshini]]
|[[Purandara Dasa]]
|PM Audios
|-
|}

== Film Songs ==
=== Language:[[Tamil language|Tamil]] ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Song
!Movie
!Composer
!Singer
|-
|Kangalukul Unnai
|[[Thanthu Vitten Ennai]]
|[[Ilaiyaraaja]]
|[[S. Janaki]]
|}

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}
{{Melakarta ragas|state=collapsed}}
{{Janya|state=collapsed}}

[[Category:Janya ragas]]
{{music-theory-stub}}

Aasia Jeelani

2025-07-26T23:45:40Z

GarnetWelton89: created initial page needs work

{{Short description|Kashmiri journalist and human rights activist}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2025}}
'''Aasia''' (or '''Aasiya''') '''Jeelani''' (1974–2004) was a [[Kashmiris|Kashmiri]] journalist and human rights activist. After completing her studies in [[Srinagar]], [[Kashmir]], she worked for [[Agence France Presse]] (AFP) and then the [[Times of India]]. She set up the Association of Parents of Disappeared Persons (APDP) and the Kashmiri Women's Initiative for Peace and Disarmament (KWIPD), editing the latter's newsletter. On 20 April 2004, Jeelani and other activists were monitoring elections when the car she was travelling in was blown up by an [[improvised explosive device]] and she was killed. She is remembered as a pioneering feminist journalist.

==Life==

Aasia Jeelani was born on 9 February 1974, in [[Srinagar]], [[Kashmir]]. She was educated at the Presentation Convent Higher Secondary School, then completed a Ba in Science at [[Government College for Women, Nawakadal Srinagar]] followed by a MA in Journalism at [[Kashmir University]].<ref name="HRD Memorial">{{cite web |title=Aasia Jeelani |url=https://hrdmemorial.org/?hrdrecord=aasia-jeelani |website=HRD Memorial |access-date=12 September 2024}}</ref><ref name="ZW">{{cite web |title=Aasia Jeelani- A Kashmiri Feminist Trailblazer |url=https://zanaanwanaan.com/issues/aasia-jeelani-a-kashmiri-feminist-trailblazer/ |website=Zanaan Wanaan |access-date=3 October 2024 |date=5 December 2021}}</ref> She grew up during the [[insurgency in Jammu and Kashmir]] and began to write about the human rights abuses perpetrated by Indian soldiers. Between 1998 and 2001, she worked for [[Agence France Presse]] (AFP).<ref name="HRD Memorial" /><ref name="Tak">{{cite web |last1=Tak |first1=Mozaien |title=Aasiya Jeelani: The Feminist Warrior Of Kashmir |url=https://feminisminindia.com/2019/09/12/aasiya-jeelani-feminist-warrior-kashmir/ |website=Feminism in India |access-date=12 September 2024 |date=11 September 2019}}</ref> She then moved to Delhi to work at the [[Times of India]] before deciding to return to Kashmir and joining the [[Jammu and Kashmir Coalition of Civil Society]] (JKCCS).<ref name="Tak" /> She set up the Association of Parents of Disappeared Persons (APDP) and the Kashmiri Women's Initiative for Peace and Disarmament (KWIPD).<ref name="Tak" /> She was editor of a newsletter which the KWIPD published every three months called ''The Voices Unheard''.<ref name="HRD Memorial" /><ref name="Tak" />

On 20 April 2004, Jeelani and other activists were monitoring elections near to the [[Line of Control]] at Chandigam in Kupwara district. The car she was travelling in was blown up by an [[improvised explosive device]] triggered by militants; she died, the driver was also killed and her colleague [[Khurram Parvez]] sustained serious injuries, having a leg amputated.<ref name="PO">{{cite news |title=Jailed human rights defender Khurram Parvez forged solidarities in suffering |url=https://pakobserver.net/jailed-human-rights-defender-khurram-parvez-forged-solidarities-in-suffering/ |access-date=10 September 2024 |work=Pakistan Observer |date=5 December 2021}}</ref><ref name="Forever">{{cite news |last1=Peer |first1=Basharat |title=Kashmir's Forever War |url=https://granta.com/kashmirs-forever-war/ |access-date=10 September 2024 |work=Granta |date=16 September 2010}}</ref><ref name="Obit">{{cite news |title=Obituaries |url=https://www.milligazette.com/Archives/2004/16-31May04-Print-Edition/1605200462.htm |access-date=10 September 2024 |work=The Milli Gazette |date=16–31 May 2004}}</ref>

==Legacy==

Jeelani is remembered as a pioneering feminist journalist.<ref name="HRD Memorial" /> The Jammu and Kashmir Coalition of Civil Society gave her an award named after [[Robert Thorpe (Indian Army officer)|Robert Thorpe]].<ref name="Cashmere">{{cite news |last1=Hamdani |first1=Hakim Shahzad Hussain |title=Cashmere's first fighter |url=https://www.nation.com.pk/09-Nov-2014/cashmere-s-first-fighter |access-date=10 September 2024 |work=The Nation |date=9 November 2014}}</ref> In 2013, the Coalition commemorated the death of Jeelani by bringing together human rights groups in order to discuss institutional violence. The meeting asked the United Nations to send an investigator to the region.<ref name="Rashid">{{cite news |last1=Rashid |first1=Afsana |title=UN intervention sought to check Human Rights violations |url=https://milligazette.com/news/Human-Rights/7210-un-intervention-sought-to-check-human-rights-violations/ |access-date=10 September 2024 |work=The Milli Gazette |date=18 May 2013 |language=en}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Jeelani, Aasia}}
[[Category:1974 births]]
[[Category:2004 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Srinagar]]
[[Category:Kashmiri journalists]]
[[Category:Asian feminists]]
[[Category:Agence France-Presse journalists]]
[[Category:The Times of India journalists]]
[[Category:Deaths by improvised explosive device]]

2nd Battalion, Maratha Light Infantry Regiment

2025-06-21T21:08:41Z

GarnetWelton89: Updated formatting and improved readability

{{No footnotes|date=February 2009}}
{{infobox military unit
| unit_name = Kali Panchwin (2 Maratha Light Infantry)
| image = Marathali.gif
| caption = The Regimental Insignia of the Battalion
| dates = 1768 to present
| country = {{flagicon|India}} [[Republic of India]]
| allegiance =
| branch = [[File:Flag of Indian Army.svg|24px]] [[Indian Army]]
| type = [[Infantry]]
| role =
| size =
| command_structure =
| garrison = [[Pune]]
| garrison_label =
| nickname =
| patron =
| motto =
| colors =
| colors_label =
| march =
| mascot =
| equipment =
| equipment_label =
| battles =
| anniversaries =
| decorations = 
*[[Ashoka Chakra Award]] - 1
*[[Kirti Chakra]] - 1
*[[Vir Chakra]] - 1
*[[Shaurya Chakra]] - 7
*[[Yudh Seva Medal]] - 2
*[[Sena Medal]] - 13
*Bar to Sena Medal - 1
*[[Param Vishisht Seva Medal]] - 13
*[[Ati Vishisht Seva Medal]] - 01
*[[Mentioned in Despatches]] - 11
*Bar to Mentioned in Despatches - 1
*Chief of Army Staff Commendation Card - 39
*General Officer Commanding-in-Chief Commendation - 29
*Chief of Army Staff Unit Citation - 1
| battle_honours = 
*Mysore
*Seedaser
*[[Seringapatnam]]
*Beni-Boo-Ali
*[[Siege of Kahun]]
*China
*Afghanistan
*Burma
*Mesopotamia
*[[Kut|Kut El Amara]]
*Baghdad
*Palestine
*Nablus
*Sharon
*[[Ethiopian Empire|Abyssinia]]
*[[Keren, Eritrea|Keren]]
*North Africa
*[[Siege of Tobruk]]
*Gubi
*Hussainiwala
| disbanded =
}}
The '''Kali Panchwin''', now formally called the '''2nd Battalion, Maratha Light Infantry Regiment''', is one of the oldest [[battalion]]s of the [[Indian Army]]. It consists of troops known as [[Ganpats]] from [[Maharashtra]] in [[Western India]].

==Pre-Independence==

Formed in 1768 as the [[3rd Battalion Bombay Sepoys]], the battalion participated in almost all theatres of action in India and overseas, starting with the siege of [[Seringapatnam]] defeating [[Tipu Sultan]]. They have seen action in [[Mysore]], [[Seedaser]], [[Baghdad]], [[Afghanistan]], [[Dadar]], [[Baroda]], [[Burma]], [[China]] and [[Palestine (region)|Palestine]].

In [[World War I]], the battalion won the [[battle honours]] of [[Battle of Sharon|Sharon]] and [[Battle of Nablus (1918)|Nablus]] in Palestine.

In [[World War II]], the battalion distinguished itself in the [[Battle of Keren]] (North Africa), against [[Italian Social Republic|Mussolini's Italian troops]] and native [[Eritrea]]ns. The battalion then made history as part of the [[4th Indian Division]] against [[Rommel]]'s [[Afrika Corps]] in the [[North African Campaign]]. It continued with victories at [[Kut-El-Amara]] and in the [[Western Desert Campaign]] at [[Tobruk]] under [[Bernard Montgomery, 1st Viscount Montgomery of Alamein|Montgomery]]. The Battalion was re-raised back in India as it had lost most of its men at Tobruk.

==Post-Independence==
The Kali Panchwin Battalion was deployed along the border in [[Punjab region|Punjab]] during the [[Partition of India]] in 1947; it was also based in the [[Govindgarh, Rajasthan#Govindgarh Fort|Govindgarh Fort]] near [[Amritsar]]. It moved to [[Poonch (town)|Poonch]] in [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]], and then [[Yol (film)|Yol]] and [[Dagshai]] in [[Himachal]].

The battalion then moved to a peacetime station in [[Secunderabad]]. In 1961-62, it was deployed to the [[Darjeeling]] sector along the [[Line of Actual Control]] with [[China]]. In 1962 it was deployed to the [[Gaza Strip]] as part of the [[United Nations Emergency Force]] under the command of Lt Col J.D. Stanley. It had an eventful tenure there, receiving accolades from the Force Commander, as well as winning most sports and drill competitions against units of other nations comprising the peace-keeping force. On its return it participated in rescue operations following an air crash near [[Pune]].

At the outbreak of the [[Indo-Pakistan War of 1965]], the Kali Panchwin was based in [[Mathura]] when it was deployed to [[Hussainiwala]] in the [[Firozpur]] sector of Punjab. It defended the Hussainiwala headworks against an attack by a full infantry brigade supported by armoured columns of the [[Pakistan Army]]. The enemy also used artillery fire and air support in this engagement. Two enemy tanks were destroyed and two captured, with several enemy killed. The commanding officer Col. Nolan was killed by an enemy artillery shelling the next morning while supervising operations. It was a major loss to the battalion. The battalion was visited by then Prime Minister [[Lal Bahadur Shastri]], Defence Minister Kamraj, the Chief of Army Staff and other senior officers. Kali Panchwin was awarded the battle honour "Hussainiwala" for its role in the 1965 War.

It was among the first units to be moved to the [[Nagaland#Post-independence history|Naga Hills counter-insurgency operations]] where they fought many successful missions. In an ambush Captain E.J. Tucker lost his life along with several men; for his bravery he was awarded the [[Ashoka Chakra Award]] Class I, the highest peacetime gallantry award.

After spending time in [[Firozpur]] and [[Fazilka]], the unit was deployed to [[Sikkim]]. It celebrated its bicentenary in Pune in 1974 with Field Marshal [[Sam Manekshaw]] as chief guest. The unit was then deployed to Gulmarg Heights along the Line of Control on the border with China. After a peace tenure in [[Dehradun]], it was deployed in counter-insurgency operations in [[Manipur]] and [[Mizoram]].

In 1987 it returned to Pune, and subsequently air-lifted to [[Sri Lanka]] as part of the [[Indian Peace Keeping Force]]. The battalion captured 4 top leaders of the [[Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam]] in [[Batticaloa]]. It won 22 individual awards including one [[Vir Chakra]].

The battalion since then has been deployed to Jammu and Kashmir thrice, as well as to [[Assam]] and [[Sikkim]].

== Distinctions ==

*First light infantry of the Indian Army
*First Indian battalion to participate in World War II
*First Maratha battalion to participate in a UN mission
*First battalion to have lost its colonel in action (Colonel Chitty, 1917)
*First Ashoka Chakra medal in the North East

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Sources==
* Official battalion history: Ministry of Defence, India
* Library archives on Maratha Light Infantry, Mumbai

{{Indian Army}}

[[Category:Battalions of India]]

Chhotu Ram Institute of Law, Rohtak

2025-06-16T05:41:46Z

GarnetWelton89: creating first article more to come

{{short description|Law College in Haryana}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2023}}
{{Infobox University
|name = Chhotu Ram Institute of Law
|image =
|caption =
|motto =
|established = 2009
|type = [[Private university|Private]]
|chairperson = Rajiv Joon
|coordinates = {{coord|28.8858|N|76.6143|E|type:edu|format=dms|display=inline}}
|city = [[Rohtak]]
|state = [[Haryana]]
|country = India
|campus =
|affiliations = [[Bar Council of India]], [[Maharishi Dayanand University|Maharshi Dayanand University]]
|website = [https://www.crilrohtak.org/ crilrohtak.org/]
}}
'''Chhotu Ram Institute of Law''' is situated at [[Rohtak]] District of [[Haryana]] State in India.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mdurohtak.ac.in/info/law_college.html |title=List of law colleges and institutes affiliated |publisher=Maharshi Dayanand University |accessdate=2020-06-12}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=List of Law Colleges having approval by the BCI|url=http://www.barcouncilofindia.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/05/List-of-Law-Colleges-having-approval-by-the-BCI.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180920123018/http://www.barcouncilofindia.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/05/List-of-Law-Colleges-having-approval-by-the-BCI.pdf |archive-date=2018-09-20 |access-date=|website=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=CHHOTU RAM INSTITUTE OF LAW {{!}} Outlook Education|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/education/chhotu-ram-institute-of-law/gt06|access-date=2020-06-12|website=www.outlookindia.com}}</ref> It is governed by [[Jat Education Society Rohtak]] named after [[Chhotu Ram]]. Dr. Rajiv Joon is Director of the Law College.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Welcome|url=https://www.crilrohtak.org/#/|access-date=2020-06-12|website=www.crilrohtak.org}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
*[https://jatcollegerohtak.ac.in/ Jat Education Society, Rohtak]
*[http://mdurohtak.com/ Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak]

{{List of law schools in Haryana}}
[[Category:Law schools in Haryana]]
[[Category:Education in Rohtak]]
[[Category:Maharshi Dayanand University]]

Botia dario

2025-05-26T15:46:06Z

GarnetWelton89: creating basic article first draft

{{Short description|Species of fish}}
{{More citations needed|date=January 2013}}
{{Speciesbox
| name = Bengal loach
| status = LC
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| status_ref = <ref name=IUCN>{{Cite journal | author = Chaudhry, S. | title = ''Botia dario'' | journal = [[The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species]] | volume = 2010 | page = e.T166603A6245334 | publisher = [[IUCN]] | date = 2010 | url = http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/166603/0 | doi = 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-4.RLTS.T166603A6245334.en | access-date = 4 January 2018| url-access = subscription }}</ref>
| image = Botia dario.jpg
| taxon = Botia dario
| authority = ([[Francis Buchanan-Hamilton|F. Hamilton]], 1822)
| synonyms =
* ''Cobitis dario'' Hamilton, 1822
* ''Cobitis geto'' Hamilton, 1822
* ''Botia geto'' (Hamilton, 1822)
* ''Canthophrys zebra'' [[William Swainson|Swainson]], 1839
* ''Diacanthus zebra'' (Swainson, 1839)
* ''Canthophrys flavicauda'' Swainson, 1839
* ''Diacanthus flavicauda'' (Swainson, 1839)
* ''Botia macrolineata'' Teugels, De Vos & Snoeks, 1986
}}
'''''Botia dario''''' ('''Bengal loach''' or '''queen loach''') is a species of fish in the loach family [[Botiidae]] found in the [[Brahmaputra]] and [[Ganges]] basins in [[Bangladesh]], [[Bhutan]] and northern [[India]].<ref name=SeriouslyFish>SeriouslyFish: ''[http://www.seriouslyfish.com/species/botia-dario/ Botia dario.]'' Retrieved 15 July 2014.</ref> The species is overall widespread.<ref name=IUCN/>

In Bangladesh, ''B. dario'' is threatened by [[pesticide]] used in the cultivation of rice. Since 1997, the [[Government of Bangladesh|Bangladesh government]] has enforced strict penalties against polluters, with specific rules about the pollution of streams and waterways.{{Citation needed|date=April 2022}}

''B. dario'' can be found in the creeks and streams of the northern and eastern regions of the country (bordering India and [[Myanmar]], respectively). The fish most likely populates the streams that supply the [[Bengal]] section of the Ganges River. ''B. dario'' is also reported in Bhutan, but only in the Gaylegphug River, which eventually drains into the far north of Bangladesh.{{Citation needed paragraph|date=April 2022}}

==In the aquarium==
{{Unreferenced section|date=April 2022}}

''Botia dario'' is a popular fish to have in tropical aquariums, quickly taking care of pest snail populations and less shy than ''[[Botia striata|B. striata]]''. They get as long as {{convert|6|inches}} and are commonly kept in groups of 4 or more. They are omnivores and are fed sinking pellets as well as algae wafers. They also enjoy fresh vegetables, such as [[cucumber]], [[zucchini]], and frozen foods like [[Chironomidae#Behavior and description|bloodworms]] and [[brine shrimp]].

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q3503364}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Botia Dario}}
[[Category:Botia|dario]]
[[Category:Fish of Bangladesh]]
[[Category:Fish of India]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Francis Buchanan-Hamilton]]
[[Category:Fish described in 1822]]

{{Cypriniformes-stub}}