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Sanat Sardar

2026-05-08T13:41:03Z

Frederickdube: Done

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2026}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Sanat Sardar
| office = Member of the [[West Bengal Legislative Assembly]]
| constituency = [[Sandeshkhali Assembly constituency|Sandeshkhali (ST)]]
| predecessor = [[Sukumar Mahata]]
| term_start = 4 2026
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| profession = Politician
}}
'''Sanat Sardar''' is an Indian politician and member of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]. He was elected as a Member of the [[West Bengal Legislative Assembly]] from the [[Sandeshkhali Assembly constituency|Sandeshkhali (ST)]] constituency in the [[2026 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sanat Sardar, SANDESHKHALI (ST) constituency, BJP, WestBengal Assembly Election 2026: Profile & Affidavit |url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/candidates/WestBengal2026/sanat-sardar-1712/ |access-date=2026-05-06 |website=The Hindu |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Sanat Sardar(Bharatiya Janata Party(BJP)):Constituency- SANDESHKHALI (ST)(NORTH 24 PARGANAS) - Affidavit Information of Candidate: |url=https://www.myneta.info/WestBengal2026/candidate.php?candidate_id=1712 |access-date=2026-05-06 |website=www.myneta.info}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Desk |first=India Today News |date=2026-05-04 |title=Sandeshkhali Election Result 2026 Highlights: BJP's Sanat Sardar defeats AITC's Jharna Sardar with 17510 votes |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/story/sandeshkhali-assembly-election-results-2026-live-updates-west-bengal-vote-counting-seat-constituency-candidates-leading-trailing-wbaelb-2905681-2026-05-04 |access-date=2026-05-06 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sardar, Sanat}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from West Bengal]]
[[Category:West Bengal MLAs 2026–2031]]

{{WestBengal-politician-stub}}

No Reservations (Apache Indian album)

2026-05-07T15:36:39Z

Frederickdube: Put up new post

{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
{{Infobox album
| name = No Reservations
| type = studio
| artist = [[Apache Indian (musician)|Apache Indian]]
| cover = No_reservations_cover.jpg
| alt =
| released = January 1993
| recorded =
| venue =
| studio = {{flatlist|
*[[Tuff Gong]], [[Kingston, Jamaica|Kingston]], [[Jamaica]]
*Unknown studio, [[New York City, New York]], [[United States]]}}
| genre = {{flatlist|
*[[Ragga]]
*[[bhangra (music)|bhangra]]
*[[reggae]]
*[[dancehall]]
*[[dance music|dance]]
*[[electronic music|electronic]]}}
| length = 60:49
| label = {{flatlist|
*[[Mango Records|Mango]]
*[[Island Records|Island]]
*[[PolyGram Records|PolyGram]]}}
| producer = {{flatlist|
*[[Diamond Duggal|Simon and Diamond]]
*[[Robert Dixon (musician)|Bobby Digital]]
*Phil Chill
*[[Sly Dunbar]]}}
| prev_title =
| prev_year =
| next_title = [[Make Way for the Indian]]
| next_year = 1995
| misc = {{Singles
| name = No Reservations
| type = Studio
| single1 = Arranged Marriage
| single1date = January 1993
| single2 = Chok There
| single2date = March 1993
}}
}}

'''''No Reservations''''' is the debut [[studio album]] by British-Asian musician [[Apache Indian (musician)|Apache Indian]], released in January 1993 by [[Island Records]] and their subsidiary [[Mango Records|Mango]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dDKfGRCq73cC&q=No+Reservations+%28Apache+Indian+album%29+1993&pg=PA14|title=Caribbean Popular Music: An Encyclopedia of Reggae, Mento, Ska, Rock Steady, and Dancehall|first=David Vlado|last=Moskowitz|date=May 21, 2006|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|isbn=9780313331589|via=Google Books}}</ref> The musician and singer recorded the album primarily in [[Jamaica]]'s [[Tuff Gong]] studios with producers including [[Diamond Duggal|Simon and Diamond]], [[Robert Dixon (musician)|Bobby Digital]], Phil Chill and [[Sly Dunbar]]. It follows, and includes, Apache Indian's 1990–91 singles – "Move Over India", "Chok There" and "Don Raja" – which saw him pioneer a fusion of Jamaican [[ragga]] and Indian [[bhangra (music)|bhangra]] later known as [[bhangramuffin]].

The album showcases Apache Indian's fusion of ragga and dancehall beats and basslines with bhangra and other forms of [[Indian music]], such as [[filmi]], with songs delivered in a fusion of English, [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]] and [[Jamaican patois|Jamaican]] patois that the musician called "Indian patois". He sought to write about topics that were traditionally undiscussed in Asian communities, such as [[alcoholism]], [[AIDS]], the [[caste system]] and [[arranged marriage]]s, and the controversial nature of the lyrics drew criticism and protest from castes. The singer named the record with reference to [[Indian reservation]]s and is depicted on the artwork before a mixture of Jamaican and Indian iconography, reflecting his mix of musical styles.

On release, ''No Reservations'' drew acclaim from [[music critic]]s, who saw its fusion of ragga and bhangra modes as innovative, and it reached number 36 on the [[UK Albums Chart]]. "Arranged Marriage", issued as the album's official lead single, was the musician's breakthrough success in his home country, reaching number 16 on the [[UK Singles Chart]]. Apache Indian was particularly successful in India, where the album sold over 500,000 copies and is certified triple platinum. ''No Reservations'' has been credited for helping popularise ragga music and British-Asian pop, and was shortlisted for the 1993 [[Mercury Prize#Winners and shortlisted nominees|Mercury Prize]],<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SAGCAgAAQBAJ&q=No+Reservations+Apache+Indian+1993+mercury+prize&pg=PA171|title=Beyond Subculture: Pop, Youth and Identity in a Postcolonial World|first=Rupa|last=Huq|date=January 24, 2007|publisher=Routledge|isbn=9781134470655|via=Google Books}}</ref> while Apache Indian received four nominations at the [[1994 Brit Awards]].

==Background==
Born Steven Kapur to an Indian migrant family,<ref>{{cite web |last1=Kergan |first1=Wade |title=AllMusic Biography by Wade Kergan |url=https://www.allmusic.com/artist/apache-indian-mn0000925977/biography |website=AllMusic |access-date=9 October 2021}}</ref><ref name="Connell" /> Apache Indian was raised in [[Handsworth, West Midlands|Handsworth]],<ref name="Stansfield">{{cite journal |last1=Stansfield |first1=David |title=Apache Indian Breaks Cultural Country Barriers |journal=Music & Media |date=11 September 1993 |volume=10 |issue=37 |pages=1, 21 |url=https://worldradiohistory.com/UK/Music-and-Media/90s/1993/MM-1993-09-11.pdf |access-date=30 September 2021}}</ref> a multiracial neighbourhood in [[Birmingham]] home to [[reggae]] bands [[Steel Pulse]] and [[UB40]].<ref name="Poet" /><ref name="Wentz" /> He grew up enjoying [[roots reggae]] artists like [[Bob Marley]] and [[Burning Spear]],<ref name="Wentz" /><ref name="Granqvist">{{cite book |last1=Granqvist |first1=Raoul |title=Negotiating Identities: Essays on Immigration and Culture in Present-day Europe |date=1995 |publisher=Brill Rodopi |location=Amsterdam |isbn=9051838980 |pages=139–163 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gU3fSZVZ7_oC&dq=apache+indian+no+reservations&pg=PA164 |access-date=8 October 2021 |chapter=Apache Indian, Reggae Music and Intermezzo Culture}}</ref> and interest in reggae grew larger when introduced to [[sound system (Jamaican)|sound system]] culture by a British-Caribbean man, Sheldon, who ran the local ''Siffa'' sound system.<ref name="Granqvist" /> Kapur began [[toasting (Jamaican music)|chatting]] with numerous systems,<ref name="Sullivan" /> and grew out [[dreadlock]]s in his teens.<ref name="Granqvist" /> He later said he was the only Indian he knew who enjoyed reggae, saying "There was just something about the music. Regardless of what anybody said, it was for me."<ref name="Taylor" /> However, as Kapur would later explain, it was common for Asians in Birmingham to "[pick up] things from the black kids 'cus they're living together. So you hear reggae in schools and in the streets, but you also hear [[Indian folk music|traditional Indian music]] as well."<ref name="Wentz" /> Kapur took part of his stage name from [[Super Cat]] or the "Wild Apache", a Jamaican reggae musician who is also of Indian descent, and who was Kapur's musical idol.<ref name="Wentz" />

Kapur developed his own musical style in 1990, when he visited a cousin's recording studio in Birmingham to record "Move Over India", featuring his own lyrics, [[dance music|dance]] beats and [[tabla]].<ref name="Wentz" /> The musician modelled the song on the popular "Shank I Sheck" [[riddim]] and wrote lyrics around the theme of [[translation]], with the song providing "rudimentary lessons in [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]] and [[patois]]".<ref name="Granqvist" /> Although he did not intend to release the song, he changed his mind when his friends enjoyed it and pressed a few [[private press|private]] copies for himself, local pirate station PRCL and nearby reggae shops.<ref name="Wentz" />
An official release followed on Sure Delight Records,<ref name="Island Signing" /> and it reached number one in Britain's reggae and [[bhangra (music)|bhangra]] charts, where it stayed for six weeks.<ref name="Wentz" /> The song was also popular in [[Jamaica]],<ref name="Williams">{{cite book |last1=Williams |first1=Paul |title=Back to the Miracle Factory: Rock Etc. 1990s |date=2003 |publisher=St. Martin's Press |location=New York |isbn=0765303531 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=COfUbzOvmmkC&dq=apache+indian+no+reservations&pg=PT177 |access-date=9 October 2021}}</ref> sold over 500,000 copies on the [[Indian subcontinent]] and was heavily bootlegged in [[Canada]].<ref>{{cite magazine |last1=McCann |first1=Ian |title=Planet Skank: The International Face of Reggae |magazine=Billboard |date=10 July 1993 |page=50 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CxAEAAAAMBAJ&dq=%22apache+indian%22+%22no+reservations%22&pg=PA50-IA5 |access-date=9 October 2021}}</ref> Kapur credits the single for helping solidify young Asian aesthetic, combining Asian, white and black fashions.<ref name="Taylor" />

"Move Over India" and Apache Indian's subsequent singles saw him fuse Indian bhangra and Jamaican reggae, earning him the media title The Originator of [[bhangramuffin|Bhangra-Muffin]],<ref name="Stansfield" /> a combination of the words bhangra and [[ragga]]muffin,<ref name="Maier">{{cite book |last1=Maier |first1=Carla J |title=Transcultural Sound Practices: British Asian Dance Music as Cultural Transformation |date=2020 |publisher=[[Bloomsbury Publishing]] |location=London |isbn=978-1501349577 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RTzCDwAAQBAJ&dq=%22apache+indian%22+%22no+reservations%22&pg=PT298 |access-date=9 October 2021 |chapter=Re-Fusing and Reclaiming UK Bhangra: Apache Indian, No Reservations (1992)}}</ref> although the singer did not care for the term.<ref name="Wentz" /> Bhangra had become popular in the UK in the mid-1980s and was, according to Timothy D. Taylor, the first music to "develop a strong [[Anglo-Indian|Anglo-Asian]] identity",<ref name="Taylor" /> particularly, argued [[Brooke Wentz]] of ''[[Vibe (magazine)|Vibe]]'', when young practitioners began introducing influences of [[hip hop music|hip hop]] to make bhangra more danceable than the original, [[folk music|folk]]-based form, with Apache Indian proving innovative for introducing reggae to the genre.<ref name="Wentz">{{cite journal |last1=Wentz |first1=Brooke |title=Apache Come Home |journal=Vibe |date=November 1993 |volume=1 |issue=3 |pages=84–87 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zScEAAAAMBAJ&dq=apache+indian+no+reservations+vibe&pg=PT87 |access-date=8 October 2021}}</ref> Apache Indian explained he initially received criticism from the Indian community, who saw him, as he described it, as a "traitor to the community" for working in reggae, a genre that was seen as "violent and drug-related", but that attitudes changed when he expressed his Indian pride. Similarly, he said "the black community felt I was using reggae to make a lot of money" but changed their minds upon discovering his genuine love of the genre.<ref name="Cooper" />

The translation themes of "Move Over India" carried over into its proposed follow-up, "Come Follow Me", which featured Birmingham MC Mickey G, but the single was cancelled after the song had been heavily bootlegged.<ref name="Granqvist" /> Instead, Apache Indian's next two singles, both for Sure Delight, were "Chok There" and "Don Raja". Aided mostly by pirate radio airplay, both singles continued Kapur's success in topping the UK's bhangra and reggae charts.<ref name="Island Signing" /><ref name="Stansfield" /> In 1991, The British Reggae Industry Awards awarded Kapur with the award for Best Male Newcomer.<ref name="Balkin" /> Although none of his singles had reached the national pop charts, they attracted the attention of [[Island Records]], who signed him in early 1992.<ref name="Island Signing" /> Marc Marot of Island said they judged Apache Indian "just from those singles [...] We felt that he had commercial possibilities regardless of where he came from and what background he had."<ref name="Stansfield" /> After signing to Island, he made a national television appearance in the UK on ''[[Blue Peter]]''.<ref name="Island Signing" />

==Recording==
[[File:Tuff Gong 1.jpg|thumb|[[Tuff Gong]], the [[Kingston, Jamaica|Kingston]] studio that part of ''No Reservations'' was recorded in]]
According to Apache Indian's manager, Mambo Sharma, "so much thought" went into recording ''No Reservations'' because, as the singer's debut album, it had to introduce listeners to his work effectively.<ref name="BillboardMercury" /> Apache Indian travelled to Bob Marley's [[Tuff Gong|Tuff Gong Studios]] in [[Kingston, Jamaica|Kingston]], Jamaica, to record part of ''No Reservations''.<ref name="Granqvist" /> He collaborated with numerous reggae stalwarts, including [[Sly Dunbar]], [[Robert Livingston (producer)|Robert Livingston]] and [[Bobby Digital (Jamaican producer)|Bobby Digital]],<ref name="Granqvist" /><ref name="M&M Album Review" /> who all provided riddims for the album,<ref name="Wentz" /> as well as vocalists [[Frankie Paul]] and [[Maxi Priest]].<ref name="Wentz" /> Most of the album, however, was produced by [[Diamond Duggal|Simon & Diamond]], with production credits for Phill Chill on "Fix Up", Bobby Digital on "Guru" and Dunbar on "Magic Carpet", with Livingston providing mixing and additional production on "Fix Up".<ref name="booklet" /> Apache Indian and [[Trevor Wyatt]] acted as executive producers, while Phill Chill mixed "Arranged Marriage".<ref name="booklet" />

According to writer Les Back, Apache Indian's decision to record in Jamaica with local reggae luminaries was partly an attempt to legitimise his fusion of reggae with bhangra,<ref name="Granqvist" /> while journalist Dave Cavanagh said the "slew of the island's big names" helped endorse the album's [[ragga]] elements.<ref name="Cavanagh" /> Although Kapur enjoyed working with reggae musicians, he made a conscious decision to "separate from the Jamaican music scene," according to Wentz, with Kapur explaining that he made an effort "to lean more towards my people."<ref name="Wentz" /> Part of the album was also recorded in [[New York City]].<ref name="Cavanagh" /> ''No Reservations'' incorporates [[electronic music|electronic]] production and digital [[sampling (music)|sampling]], which combined with Kapur's toasting and affinity for sound systems, situates the music in what writer Carla J Maier calls "the clubs and the recording studios in which he works, while at the same time being part of a globalized and digitalized music culture."<ref name="Maier" /> Kapur's earlier singles, including "Move Over India" and "Chok There", reappear on the album.<ref name="Cavanagh" />

==Composition==
===Music===
On ''No Reservations'', Apache Indian uses beats and basslines familiar to reggae and [[dancehall]], incorporates styles and samples of bhangra, Hindi [[filmi music]] and [[Indian classical music]] to represent his Indian identity, and sings in a ragga style,<ref name="Maier" /> resulting in what writer John Connell describes as "a contemporary [[Anglo-Indian]] fusion".<ref name="Connell">{{cite book |last1=Connell |first1=John |last2=Gibson |first2=Chris |title=Sound Tracks: Popular Music, Identity, and Place |date=2003 |publisher=Routledge |location=Abindgon-on-Thames |isbn=0415170273 |pages=178–179 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XQMHSlRipBEC&dq=apache+indian+no+reservations&pg=PA178 |access-date=8 October 2021 |chapter=Music and Transnational Soundscapes}}</ref> Although described as primarily a bhangra album,<ref name="M&M Album Review">{{cite journal |title=New Releases |journal=Music & Media |date=20 February 1993 |page=21 |url=https://worldradiohistory.com/hd2/IDX-UK/Music/Archive-Music-Media-IDX/IDX/90s/93/MM-1993-02-20-OCR-Page-0021.pdf#search=%22apache%20indian%22 |access-date=30 September 2021}}</ref> critic [[Ken Hunt (music journalist)|Ken Hunt]] argues that the album is not bhangra itself but rather a "bhangra-related [[dance music]]."<ref name="Hunt">{{cite web |last1=Hunt |first1=Ken |title=No Reservations Review by Ken Hunt |url=https://www.allmusic.com/album/no-reservations-mw0000099730 |website=AllMusic |access-date=24 September 2021}}</ref> J. Poet of ''[[Trouser Press]]'' similarly felt the record to primarily showcase Kapur as a raggamuffin [[deejay (Jamaican music)|deejay]],<ref name="Poet">{{cite web |last1=Poet |first1=J |title=Apache Indian |url=https://trouserpress.com/reviews/apache-indian/ |website=Trouser Press |access-date=30 September 2021}}</ref> while Caroline Sullivan of ''[[The Guardian]]'' observed that Kapur uses Indian instruments and subject matter to flavour a "macho" ragga style derived from Super Cat.<ref name="Sullivan" /> Apache Indian considered his style to be "first, and foremost, street music",<ref name="Wentz" /> explaining: "My stuff is all about the fusion of cultures and styles. I grew up with black and white people, my music is part of the people around me".<ref name="Tilley" /> The sounds of [[sitar]] and "hard-edged" tabla permeate the record.<ref name="M&M Album Review" /><ref name="NI" /> David Vlado Moskowitz considers ''No Reservations'' to be more mainstream than Kapur's earlier releases,<ref name="Moskowitz">{{cite book |last1=Moskowitz |first1=David Vlado |title=Caribbean Popular Music: An Encyclopedia of Reggae, Mento, Ska, Rock Steady, and Dancehall |date=2006 |publisher=Greenwood Press |location=Westport |isbn=9780313331589 |page=14 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dDKfGRCq73cC&dq=apache+indian+no+reservations&pg=PA14 |access-date=8 October 2021}}</ref> while [[Eamon Carr]] of the ''[[The Herald (Ireland)|Evening Herald]]'', who considers the album to fuse "club styles, cultures and funky beats", emphasises the "ear for a commercial hook".<ref name="Carr">{{cite journal |last1=Carr |first1=Eamon |title=Scalp-tingling! |journal=Evening Herald (Dublin) |date=11 February 1993 |page=32 |url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001730/19930211/249/0032 |access-date=1 October 2021}}</ref>

The album opens with the sound of a "hail of bullets", a "[[gangster]] stance" familiar to reggae and rap which is deflated by Kapur's boast that he is "hotter than vindaloo curry".<ref name="NI" /> The re-appearing "Chok There" fuses bhangra and ragga rhythms,<ref name="Flick" /> notably using a pronounced [[dhol]] drum riddim,<ref name="Poet" /> and features sitar<ref>{{cite journal |title=New Releases |journal=Music & Media |date=8 May 1993 |page=9 |url=https://worldradiohistory.com/hd2/IDX-UK/Music/Archive-Music-Media-IDX/IDX/90s/93/MM-1993-05-08-OCR-Page-0009.pdf#search=%22apache%20indian%22 |access-date=30 September 2021}}</ref> and percussion breaks.<ref name="Flick" /> Despite its challenging subject matter, "Aids Warning" is among the album's poppiest songs.<ref name="Kiley" /> Considered the record's most Indian-styled track, with its sampled usage of Indian filmi music and tabla,<ref name="Poet" /> "Arranged Marriage" opens with a dancehall-style introduction with Indian instrumentation, namely a dhol drum, a [[flute]] hook line and tabla.<ref name="Maier" /> Taylor writes that although reggae dominates the song, the "distant sounds of India", like the aforementioned instruments and "vocalise of Indian film music", as well as its "folklike ululations", flitter among "the edges".<ref name="Taylor" /> Also features is synthesised [[harmonium]], an instrument popular in South Asian religious music.<ref name="Taylor" /> "Don't Touch", a duet with Frankie Paul, features what Cavanagh describes as an "unadulterated JA sound", while he described "Come Follow Me" as a "barely-reggae, acoustic guitar-based Indian tour guide"<ref name="Cavanagh" />

===Lyrics===
{{quote box|quote=I am on a mission. Music can be very, very powerful. I will use it as my tool, I get thousands of letters from people, they want me to talk about their problems in my music [...] I have covered AIDS, alcohol, arranged marriage and the caste system. I am prepared to take the hassle aimed at me for dealing with these issues in my music. Asian people haven't had a voice. I don't think I can change people's minds but perhaps I can make a start."|source=—Apache Indian, 1993<ref name="Tilley" />|width=20%|align=left|style=padding:8px;|border=2px}}

The album's lyrics, written by Apache Indian,<ref name="booklet" /> feature [[social commentary]] and themes of [[social realism]].<ref name="Moskowitz" /><ref name="Hunt" /><ref name="NI" /> [[Colin Larkin (writer)|Colin Larkin]] wrote that the record moved Kapur "away from the frothier elements of his distinctive ragga-reggae and towards the role of social commentator and Anglo-Asian representative."<ref name="Larkin90s">{{cite book |last1=Larkin |first1=Colin |title=The Virgin Encyclopedia of Nineties Music |date=2000 |publisher=Virgin Books |location=London |isbn=0753504278 |page=20 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=crs7AQAAIAAJ&q=%221993%27s+Nuff%22 |access-date=2 October 2021}}</ref> The songs are "relevant to Indian youth identity in Britain," according to Connell,<ref name="Connell" /> while writer Steve Tilley says they deal with concerns typical to Asian youth,<ref name="Tilley" /> and they discuss [[racism]], [[AIDS]], [[arranged marriage]]s, [[divorce]], [[alcoholism]], [[drug]]s, the [[caste system]] and bridging black-Asian hostilities,<ref name="Connell" /><ref name="Kiley" /> often taking a cautionary stance.<ref name="NI" /> References to the [[Taj Mahal]], [[Amritsar]], [[Gandhi]] and [[Ravi Shankar]] also feature.<ref name="NI" />

Many of the issues Kapur raises on the album were traditionally undiscussed within Asian communities,<ref>{{cite book |last1=Zahir |first1=Samina |editor1-last=Donnell |editor1-first=Alison |title=Companion to Contemporary Black British Culture |date=2002 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |location=Abindgon-on-Thames |isbn=1134700253 |page=14 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VfdpdZ9DwH0C&dq=apache+indian+no+reservations&pg=PA14 |access-date=9 October 2021}}</ref> with the singer intending to discuss things "that haven't been talked about before". He commented that religious upbringing in Asian communities left numerous subjects "that need to be discussed among the Asian community – like arranged marriages, and AIDS... I'm not saying that we're going to solve the problem, I just want to bring them out in the open for discussion".<ref name="Taylor" /> The controversial themes proved threatening to Indian, who was told by several people that he should avoid discussing such issues, and he hired security wherever he travelled.<ref name="Taylor" /> His bodyguard, Kid Milo, explained to Sullivan in March 1993: "The Indian community don't take kindly to his singing about street things. They feel he should keep certain subjects within the community. The [[caste]]s get offended and they stick together. We had a bomb threat at a record-signing the other day, and they petrol-bombed a club he was appearing at in [[Toronto]]."<ref name="Sullivan" />

Kapur sings on the album in a mix of English, [[Jamaican Patois|Jamaican]] and [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]] patois,<ref name="Hunt" /><ref name="Maier" /> with songs generally being "dancehall Jamaican English in style," cramming words and slangs from other communities.<ref name="Williams" /> He uses words from the three patois interchangeably, often in reference to the "sonic geography of his influences", as on "Chok There", in which he references Karachi, New York, Kingston and London.<ref name="Connell" /> According to Raoul Granqvist, Apache Indian's style takes everyday words from Punjabi and dancehall cultures and uses them "interchangeably and in elaborate combinations," resulting in what Kapur calls "Indian patios", described by Granqvist as an "urban [[lingua franca]] which provides a suture between communities while acknowledging specificities of their African and south Asian roots."<ref name="Granqvist" />

[[File:Maxi priest (6216298059).jpg|thumb|Reggae singer [[Maxi Priest]] (2011), sings [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]] lyrics on "Fe Real".]]
"Chok There", whose titles translates to "raise the floorboards" in Punjabi,<ref name="Granqvist" /> is chanted using English and Jamaican patois,<ref name="Poet" /> and sees the singer assume the persona of Don Raja, a dreadlocked Indian raggamuffin who "bring a new stylee" and "a different fashion".<ref name="Cooper" /> "Fe Real", a cover of a Super Cat song,<ref name="BillboardMercury" /> is a duet with reggae singer Maxi Priest,<ref name="Poet" /> who recorded his Punjabi lyrics to the song at Tuff Gong.<ref name="Maier" /> On the song, Kapur refers to himself as an [[Arawak|Arawak Indian]].<ref name="Wise">{{cite book |last1=Wise |first1=J. MacGregor |title=Cultural Globalization: A User's Guide |date=2010 |publisher=Wiley |location=Hoboken, New Jersey |isbn=978-0470695937 |page=130 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Od97INyHX4gC&dq=apache+indian+no+reservations&pg=PA130 |access-date=8 October 2021}}</ref> The singer wrote "Aids Warning" after people with AIDS came to him admitting they "didn't know what to do or how to deal with it". Kapur explained: "Whoever addresses these issues – problems of caste – must take on board the hassle."<ref name="Taylor" /> "Move Over India" was written in tribute to India, at a time when he had never visited but felt he knew the country well from Indian films,<ref name="Maier" /> and he toasts on the song over off-beats.<ref name="Maier" /> On "Badd Indian", Kapur's fuses the bombastic boasts of dancehall with another vernacular tradition from the Caribbean, [[Trinidadian]] "robber talk", and sees the singer adopt the mask of a Native American, a popular masquerade at the [[Trinidad and Tobago Carnival]].<ref name="Cooper" /> "Don Raja" has been interpreted as an ironic urge to "subvert colonialist stereotyping," particularly with its lyrics "Don Raja a come! Straight from Delhi on magic carpet! With a million watts of hockey stick!".<ref name="Belcher" />

"Arranged Marriage", among the most contentious songs, is sung in Jamaican patois and Punjabi deals with arranged marriages,<ref name="Preview of AM">{{cite journal |title=Market Preview |journal=Music Week |date=19 December 1992 |page=8 |url=https://worldradiohistory.com/hd2/IDX-UK/Music/Archive-Music-Week-IDX/IDX/1992/MW-1992-12-19-IDX-8.pdf#search=%22apache%20indian%22 |access-date=30 September 2021}}</ref> a tradition known to cause tribulation among British-Asian youth.<ref name="Poet" /> Granqvist says the song best exemplifies the album's exploration of [[masculinity]] and young Asian men's issues; they write that although the narrator takes the song through an arranged marriage, and features a seemingly bravado refrain in "Me want gal to look after me", the song is inverted by the line "But when is the right time to tell my girlfriends?", which echoes how other young Asian men in the UK develop relationships with women "and then have to reckon with the family marriage arrangements." Kapur felt that white listeners would miss the song's irony, adding "That is the truth for a lot of Asian people. I am not against arranged marriages but people have to realise that growing up in places like Birmingham, London or Toronto young people are going to have relationships".<ref name="Granqvist" /> The last line, "Me want arrange marriage from me mum and daddy", drew particular complaints from older Asian listeners.<ref name="Taylor" /> Although the narrator's wife does not speak on the song, a woman is occasionally heard singing wordlessly in the style of Indian film music.<ref name="Taylor" /> Roger Chamberland said this singing provides the song with its strongest "South Asian ambience".<ref name="Chamberland">{{cite book |last1=Chmaberland |first1=Roger |title=Global Noise: Rap and Hip Hop Outside the USA |date=2001 |publisher=Wesleyan University Press |location=Middletown |isbn=0819565024 |page=79 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=itcAedBA5CIC&dq=apache+indian+no+reservations&pg=PA79 |access-date=8 October 2021 |chapter=Islamic Hip-Hop versus Islamophobia}}</ref>

==Title and artwork==
{{multiple image
|perrow = 2
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|image1 = Flag of India.svg
|image2 = Flag of Ethiopia (1897-1936; 1941-1974).svg
|footer = The ''No Reservations'' album cover combines the flags of [[Flag of India|India]] and [[Rastafari]].
|footer_align = center
}}
Described by author Rainer Emig as a punning statement on "segregation and integration",<ref name="Meyer">{{cite book |last1=Meyer |first1=Michael |title=Word & Image in Colonial and Postcolonial Literatures and Cultures |date=2009 |publisher=Rodopi |location=Amsterdam |isbn=978-9042027435 |page=264 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xDj68ypOf4kC&dq=apache+indian+no+reservations&pg=PA264 |access-date=8 October 2021}}</ref> the title ''No Reservation'' references [[Indian reservation]]s.<ref name="Cooper" /> This allusion to [[Native Americans in the United States|Native American]] culture is consistent with Kapur's stage name and the lyrics of songs "Fe Real" and "Badd Indian", as well as later album titles ''Make Way for the Indian'' (1995) and ''[[Real People / Wild East|Wild East]]'' (1997).<ref name="Wise" /><ref name="Sarrazin book" /> Natalie Sarrazin interprets the names Apache Indian and ''No Reservation'' as "signifying not only political resistance, but making light of the idea that all people of colour are lumped together in one category".<ref name="Sarrazin book">{{cite book |last1=Sarrazin |first1=Natalie |title=Focus: Popular Music in Contemporary India |date=2019 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |location=Abindgon-on-Thames |isbn=978-0429999314 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ucTADwAAQBAJ&dq=apache+indian+no+reservations&pg=PT104 |access-date=8 October 2021 |chapter=The Rise of the Asian Underground in UK and India}}</ref> [[George Lipsitz]] observed that due to Kapur's stage name and the album title, several listeners speculated that the singer was a Native American himself.<ref name="Kramer">{{cite book |last1=Kramer |first1=Jonathan D. |editor1-last=Carl |editor1-first=Robert |title=Postmodern Music, Postmodern Listening |date=2016 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing |location=Camden |isbn=978-1501306044 |page=227 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cKmaDAAAQBAJ&dq=apache+indian+no+reservations&pg=PA227 |access-date=9 October 2021 |chapter=Beyond the Beyond: Postmodernism Exemplified}}</ref> Apache Indian recalled that his confluence of British, American and Native American cultures became "a problem" when ''No Reservations'' was released, as Native Americans "were fighting for no reservations at the time. But it was good in a kind of way because it helped the album. They identified with it in a way."<ref name="Cooper">{{cite book |last1=Cooper |first1=Carolyn |title=Sound Clash: Jamaican Dancehall Culture at Large |date=2004 |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |location=London |isbn=1403982600 |pages=251–273 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AG1aCwAAQBAJ&dq=apache+indian+no+reservations&pg=PA261 |access-date=9 October 2021 |chapter="Mix Up the Indian with All the Patwa": Rajamuffin Sounds in "Cool" Britannia}}</ref>

Immi Dread Cally designed the album artwork using photography of Kapur by [[Kate Garner]].<ref name="booklet" /> The album cover reflects Apache Indian's mix of musical styles, depicting him depressed in clothes that combine elements from [[Rastafarian]] and American hip-hop fashions with British-Asian street style.<ref name="Maier" /> The singer's haircut, credited to Jon the Man of Curtis,<ref name="booklet" /> represents, as Maier describes it, "a trend in the early 1990s among South Asians to wear artfully shaved hairstyles."<ref name="Maier" /> Behind the singer is a paper-cut backdrop showing the [[Indian flag|Indian]] and [[Rastafari|Rastafarian flag]]s,<ref name="Maier" /><ref name="Bakarania" /> although the latter is distorted and only truly represented by its usage of red, gold and green.<ref name="Bakarania">{{cite book |last1=Bakarania |first1=Falu Pravin |title=Re-fusing Identities: British Asian Youth and the Cultural Politics of Popular Music |date=2003 |publisher=Stanford University |location=Stanford, California |page=21 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=42VEAQAAIAAJ&q=%22The+cover+also+presents+his+image+against+a+backdrop+of+the+Indian+flag%22 |access-date=8 October 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |title=Apache Indian feature |journal=Diaspora: A Journal of Transnational Studies |date=1995 |volume=4-5 |page=311 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mJMiAQAAMAAJ&q=%22backdrop+of+the+indian+flag+combined%22 |access-date=8 October 2021 |publisher=University of Toronto Press |location=Toronto}}</ref> The back cover features a collage depicting Indian rupees and Jamaican dollars, and maps of Jamaica and [[Punjab, India]].<ref name="Ballantyne">{{cite book |last1=Ballantyne |first1=Tony |title=Between Colonialism and Diaspora: Sikh Cultural Formations in an Imperial World |date=2006 |publisher=Duke University Press |location=Durham |isbn=0822338246 |page=144 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cArhKfrY_IoC&dq=apache+indian+no+reservations&pg=PA144 |access-date=8 October 2021 |chapter=Chapter Four}}</ref>

==Release and promotion==
{{quote box|quote="The combination of irresistible beats, volatile, timely messages, and matinee-idol looks have made this 26-year-old immigrants' son larger than he could have possibly imagined before he got into the bhangra biz three years ago."|source=—[[Brooke Wentz]], ''[[Vibe (magazine)|Vibe]]''<ref name="Wentz"/>|width=20%|align=right|style=padding:8px;|border=2px}}

After Apache Indian's signing to Island, the label planned a promotional push for the singer.<ref name="Island Signing" /> In 1992, "Fe Real" was released by Maxi Priest's label [[Virgin Records]] as a [[double A-side]] with his song "Just Wanna Know".<ref>{{cite AV media notes| title = Just Wanna Know / Fe Real| others= Maxi Priest| year = 1992| type = liner| publisher = 10 Records / Virgin Records}}</ref> It became Apache Indian's first hit single, reaching number 33 on the [[UK Singles Chart]] in November 1992.<ref>{{cite web |title=Maxi Priest |url=https://www.officialcharts.com/artist/23181/maxi-priest/ |website=Official Charts |access-date=9 October 2021}}</ref> To promote the song together, Kapur and Priest undertook a short tour singing live vocals over backing tracks; the first performance was in [[Peterborough]], known for its small Afro-Caribbean and South Asian communities.<ref name="Granqvist" />

His first single for Island,<ref name="Preview of AM" /> "Arranged Marriage" was released in January 1993.<ref name="Stansfield" /> Thousands of [[bootleg recording|bootleg]] cassette copies of the single were seized by Island in their struggle to persuade the British Asian community, who favoured cassettes, to change formats; the label nonetheless released an official cassette edition containing extended remixes.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Beats & Pieces |journal=Music Week |date=12 December 1992 |page=22 |url=https://worldradiohistory.com/hd2/IDX-UK/Music/Archive-Music-Week-IDX/IDX/1992/MW-1992-12-12-IDX-22.pdf#search=%22apache%20indian%22 |access-date=30 September 2021}}</ref> The song was playlisted by [[BBC Radio 1]] and numerous regional radio stations, and the radio support proved crucial to Apache Indian's breakthrough in the UK.<ref name="Stansfield" /> It entered the UK charts at number 27, between [[Little Angels]] and [[Paul McCartney]], and [[Steven Wells]] of ''[[NME]]'' noted that "In such company, Apache's ecstatic mix of bhangra, ragga and [[North African music]] burns itself into the average pop fan's brain like acid."<ref name="Wells" /> The song ultimately peaked at number 16, where it stayed for two weeks,<ref name="Charts">{{cite web |title=Apache Indian |url=https://www.officialcharts.com/artist/27490/apache-indian/ |website=Official Charts |access-date=9 October 2021}}</ref> and the singer performed it on ''[[Top of the Pops]]'' with tabla player [[Pandit Dinesh]].<ref name="Wells">{{cite journal |last1=Wells |first1=Steven |title=Apache Indian: Big Bhangra Theory |journal=NME |date=23 January 1993 |url=https://www.rocksbackpages.com/Library/Article/apache-indian-big-bhangra-theory |access-date=1 October 2021}}</ref> According to Sullivan, Kapur became "the first Asian on ''Top of the Pops'' in years".<ref name="Sullivan">{{cite journal |last1=Sullivan |first1=Caroline |title=Real Lives: Rock of Asians |journal=The Guardian |date=13 March 1993 |url=https://www.rocksbackpages.com/Library/Article/real-lives-rock-of-asians |access-date=1 October 2021}}</ref> The song's impact on the Indian community in the UK was compared to the impact of [[Khaled (musician)|Khaled]]'s [[rai music|rai]] song "[[Didi (song)|Didi]]" (1992) on France's North African community.<ref>{{cite journal |title=New Releases |journal=Music & Media |date=16 January 1993 |page=8 |url=https://worldradiohistory.com/hd2/IDX-UK/Music/Archive-Music-Media-IDX/IDX/90s/93/MM-1993-01-16-OCR-Page-0008.pdf#search=%22apache%20indian%22 |access-date=30 September 2021}}</ref>

Although it was speculated that Island would re-establish Bob Marley's Tuff Gong label, with Kapur as its first signing,<ref name="Island Signing">{{cite journal |title=Island Captures Apache |journal=Music Week |date=4 April 1992 |page=13 |url=https://worldradiohistory.com/hd2/IDX-UK/Music/Archive-Music-Week-IDX/IDX/1992/MW-1992-04-04-IDX-13.pdf#search=%22apache%20indian%22 |access-date=30 September 2021}}</ref> ''No Reservations'' instead saw release on [[Mango Records]], an Island subsidiary that was known for its [[worldbeat]] releases. However, the album proved to be one of several releases, alongside [[Chaka Demus & Pliers]]' ''[[Tease Me (album)|Tease Me]]'' (1993) and singles by [[Angelique Kidjo]], that saw the label build a reputation "as an essential source for left-of-centre dance music," according to [[Larry Flick]].<ref name="Flick">{{cite magazine |last1=Flick |first1=Larry |title=Mango's Club Juice |magazine=Billboard |date=8 May 1993 |volume=105 |issue=19 |page=27 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lREEAAAAMBAJ&dq=apache+indian+no+reservations&pg=PA27 |access-date=2 October 2021}}</ref> The album was released in January 1993,<ref>{{cite web |title=No Reservations by Apache Indian on Apple Music |url=https://music.apple.com/gb/album/no-reservations/1469550328 |website=Apple Music |date=January 1993 |access-date=10 October 2021}}</ref> and reached number 36 on the [[UK Albums Chart]], staying on the chart for two weeks and becoming Kapur's only charting album.<ref name="Charts" /> "Chok There" was re-released as the record's second official single, having already become a UK club hit.<ref name="Flick" /> It reached number 30 in the UK in March,<ref name="Charts" /> and was Kapur's biggest hit in Jamaica, where his music was popular on sound systems.<ref name="Granqvist" /> Apache Indian's success coincided with the rise of ragga in the British mainstream, and he is credited alongside artists like [[Shinehead]], [[Shaggy (musician)|Shaggy]], [[Snow (rapper)|Snow]], [[Shabba Ranks]], [[Bitty McLean]], [[Inner Circle (band)|Inner Circle]] and Chaka Demus & Pliers for launching this development.<ref name="Fadele" />

Apache Indian was particularly successful in India,<ref name="Fadele" /> and he capitalised on the release of ''No Reservations'' there, where it was issued by [[PolyGram|PolyGram India]], with a major tour that ensured heavy media exposure and airplay, in the process became the label's first British-Asian success.<ref name="Bhushan" /> He first played in the country in June 1993, at the Andheri Sports Complex in [[Bombay]] to a crowd of 17,000.<ref name="Wentz" /> Kapur reflected that upon his first visit to the country, he was "treated like a superstar", adding: "I was asked to meet [[P. V. Narasimha Rao|the Prime Minister]], which I did. I met [[Sonia Gandhi]], Rajiv Gandhi's widow... nobody meets her. By the time I left India, they were calling me the 'Gandhi of Pop'."<ref name="Taylor">{{cite book |last1=Taylor |first1=Timothy D. |title=Global Pop: World Music, World Markets |date=1997 |publisher=Routledge |location=New York |isbn=0415918715 |pages=155–172 |chapter=Apache Indian's No Reservations: "A Very British Sound"}}</ref> Within three months, the album had been certified double platinum in India,<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qXavxrsgZ2AC&q=No+Reservations+%28Apache+Indian+album%29+1993&pg=PA343|title=The Language, Ethnicity and Race Reader|first1=Roxy|last1=Harris|first2=Ben|last2=Rampton|author2-link=Ben Rampton|date=May 21, 2003|publisher=Psychology Press|isbn=9780415276016|via=Google Books}}</ref> and by November, it had sold over 200,000 there.<ref name="Bhushan" /> Apache Indian's celebrity was huge by this point; [[MTV Asia]] played his videos in rotation, his face adorned at least 23 billboards in Bombay, while his cultural reach spread to advertisements for butter with a slogan riffing on Kapur's stage name.<ref name="Wentz" /> As of November 1998, the album had sold over 500,000 copies in India,<ref name="Bhushan">{{cite magazine |last1=Bhushan |first1=Nyay |title=U.K.-Asian Acts Aim for Indian Appeal |magazine=Billboard |date=21 November 1998 |volume=110 |issue=47 |page=13 |access-date=8 October 2021 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HQoEAAAAMBAJ&dq=apache+indian+no+reservations&pg=PA13}}</ref> and it is certified triple platinum.<ref name="Fadele">{{cite journal |last1=Fadele |first1=Dele |title=Shabba: Arrival — Ragga's Born Again |journal=NME |date=25 December 1993 |url=https://www.rocksbackpages.com/Library/Article/shabba-arrival--raggas-born-again |access-date=1 October 2021}}</ref>

==Critical reception==
{{Album ratings
| rev1 = [[AllMusic]]
| rev1Score = {{rating|3|5}}<ref name="Hunt" />
| rev2 = ''[[Encyclopedia of Popular Music|Encyclopedia of Nineties Music]]''
| rev2Score = {{rating|4|5}}<ref name="Larkin90s" />
| rev3 = ''[[Select (magazine)|Select]]''
| rev3Score = {{rating|4|5}}<ref name="Cavanagh" />
| rev4 = ''[[Smash Hits]]''
| rev4Score = {{rating|3|5}}<ref name="Naik" />
}}
''No Reservations'' received acclaim from music critics.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Osgbery |first1=Bill |title=Youth Media |date=2004 |publisher=Routledge |location=Abindgon-on-Thames |isbn=9780415238083 |page=142 |edition=1st |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kZ6BAgAAQBAJ&dq=apache+indian+no+reservations+critically+acclaimed&pg=PA142 |access-date=2 October 2021 |quote=Blending elements of bhangra with ragga (dubbed 'bhangramuffin' buy the pop press), the Birmingham-born singer Apache Indian took Asian dance music to mainstream commercial success during the early 1990s with a string of hit singles ... and critically acclaimed albums such as No Reservations (1992).}}</ref><ref name="Larkin">{{cite book |last1=Larkin |first1=Colin |title=The Guinness Encyclopedia of Popular Music |date=1995 |publisher=Guinness World Records Limited |location=London |isbn=1561591769 |page=162 |edition=2nd |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MloRAQAAMAAJ&q=apache+indian+no+reservations+critically+acclaimed |access-date=2 October 2021}}</ref> A reviewer for ''[[Music & Media]]'' called the album a "veritable feast of talent", praising its ragga beats and considering the heavy usage of sitar to make Apache Indian's roots "ever-present, making for a delightful deviation from the usual reggae formula".<ref name="M&M Album Review" /> Penny Kiley of ''[[Liverpool Echo]]'' said that by "rooting ragga in Asian lifestyle and sounds", ''No Reservations'' pioneered an effective new style of music.<ref name="Kiley">{{cite journal |last1=Kiley |first1=Penny |title=Sounds Live |journal=Liverpool Echo |date=29 January 1993 |page=31 |url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000271/19930129/204/0031}}</ref> David Belcher of ''[[The Herald (Glasgow)|The Herald]]'' similarly said the album's melding of "Afro-Caribbean ragga groovery" with "lilting Anglo-Asian electro bhangra and rap pungency", as well as Kapur's hybrid patois and use of irony, resulted in a "brilliant new dancefloor mode".<ref name="Belcher">{{cite web |last1=Belcher |first1=David |title=Record Reviews |url=https://www.heraldscotland.com/news/12624112.the-songs-come-first/ |website=The Herald |access-date=8 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211008022856/https://www.heraldscotland.com/news/12624112.the-songs-come-first/ |archive-date=8 October 2021 |date=26 January 1993}}</ref>

Anita Naik of ''[[Smash Hits]]'' complimented the catchiness, loudness and outspoken nature of the album, noting that even those who dislike club music "will subconsciously grind away to it".<ref name="Naik">{{cite journal |last1=Naik |first1=Anita |title=New Albums |journal=Smash Hits |date=3 February 1993 |issue=370 |page=52 |url=https://www.flickr.com/photos/57779449@N02/50090809912/in/album-72157715019091517/ |access-date=2 October 2021}}</ref> [[David Cavanagh]] of ''[[Select (magazine)|Select]]'' considered the "Asian ragga" album to be more "consistently good" than many general ragga albums, applauding its wide array of styles and topics and singling out "Arranged Marriage" for being the "most original" song.<ref name="Cavanagh">{{cite journal |last1=Cavanagh |first1=David |title=Reviews: New Albums |journal=Select |date=March 1993 |page=67 |url=http://selectmagazinescans.monkeon.co.uk/showpage.php?file=wp-content/uploads/2014/08/albums42.jpg |access-date=2 October 2021}}</ref> In their review, ''[[New Internationalist]]'' wrote that the record was a breakthrough and counted Kapur among "the most interesting manifestations of musical cross-cultures to date." While considering him to continue the lineage of [[English Midlands|Midlands]]-based multicultural pop from UB40 and the [[ska]] of [[2 Tone Records]], they felt this did not explain the whole of his appeal, admiring his self-confident, "sardonic gleam" and "effortless slide between dialects [that] comes across as an eminently sensible response to his particular street culture."<ref name="NI">{{cite web |title=Reviews |url=https://newint.org/features/1993/04/05/reviews |website=New Internationalist |access-date=8 October 2021 |date=5 April 1993}}</ref>

Andrew Balkin wrote a negative review for ''[[Kingston Informer]]'', writing that although several songs feature "some great messages", "you have to understand the lyrics before you can even figure out what they are". Nonetheless, they considered the 15 track total to ensure "value for money".<ref name="Balkin">{{cite journal |last1=Balkin |first1=Andrew |title=Baklin Talkin' |journal=Kingston Informer |date=5 February 1993 |page=14 |url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0002505/19930205/103/0014 |access-date=1 October 2021}}</ref> In a retrospective review, Ken Hunt of [[AllMusic]] felt the album was a "remarkable debut", although qualified his praise by observing how several songs had already appeared on the "Don Raja" [[maxi-single]].<ref name="Hunt" /> In his book ''Back to the Miracle Factory'' (2003), [[Paul Williams (Crawdaddy)|Paul Williams]] wrote that the album's "charming" hybrid language exemplified how both dancehall and rap "are in some ways the rediscovery of the power of the word, that is, of the ''sound'' of the word, direct [[mumbo jumbo (phrase)|mumbo-jumbo]] transcending side issues like content". Although praising "the rhythm of the language, the flow of word-sounds and the very personal consciousness this rhythm/flow/story communicates", he felt the musical content was less interesting.<ref name="Williams" />

==Legacy==
[[File:Steven Kapur, aka Apache Indian.jpg|thumb|left|170px|Apache Indian (pictured 2015) received a [[Mercury Prize]] nomination for ''No Reservations''.]]
With the success of ''No Reservation'' and its singles, Apache Indian was described as the first pop star to hail from the UK's Asian-Indian community,<ref name="BillboardMercury" /> with Carr crediting him for "pushing the boundaries further back" following the crossover success of UK-based Indian pop band [[Monsoon (band)|Monsoon]] a decade earlier.<ref name="Carr" /> Wells argued that, as Monsoon "were one hit-wonders" and [[Betty Boo]] and [[Bomb the Bass]] "escape the average Brit's definition of 'Asian'," Apache Indian was truly "Britain's first Asian pop star",<ref name="Wells" /> whereas Tilley described Apache Indian as "quite possibly the first true international Asian pop star".<ref name="Tilley">{{cite journal |last1=Tilley |first1=Steve |title=Apache Indian Gives a Voice to Asian Youth |journal=Staffordshire Sentinel |date=19 August 1993 |page=21 |url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000525/19930819/136/0021 |access-date=1 October 2021}}</ref> [[Jonathan Kramer]] observed that Apache Indian's appeal varied worldwide, saying that his strong sales in Toronto were due to young Indian Canadians viewing the use of bhangra as "a respect for Indian traditions," whereas the singer had a rebel image in India, whilst in England, his music "became an important icon of unity between [[Afro-Caribbean people|Afro-Caribbean]] and [[Afro-Asian]]s".<ref name="Kramer" />

''No Reservations'' was nominated for the 1993 [[Mercury Prize]] for best UK album of the year.<ref>{{cite web |title=Mercury Prize: past winners |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/music/what-to-listen-to/mercury-prize-album-winners-pictures/suede/ |website=The Daily Telegraph |access-date=10 October 2021 |date=18 November 2015}}</ref><ref name="Newcastle Journal">{{cite journal |title=Sting is shortlisted for the prestigious Mercury Prize |journal=Newcastle Journal |date=7 August 1993 |page=33 |url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0002240/19930807/295/0033 |access-date=10 October 2021}}</ref> According to Sharma, the nomination "came totally out of the blue".<ref name="BillboardMercury">{{cite magazine |last1=Sexton |first1=Paul |last2=Duffy |first2=Thom |title=Mercury Music Prize |magazine=Billboard |date=4 September 1993 |volume=105 |issue=36 |page=46 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-BEEAAAAMBAJ&dq=apache+indian+no+reservations&pg=PA46 |access-date=2 October 2021}}</ref> The album drew 2-1 with [[Stereo MCs]]' ''[[Connected (Stereo MCs album)|Connected]]'' as second favourite to win, behind eventual winners [[Suede (band)|Suede]].<ref name="Newcastle Journal" /> Apache Indian received four nominations at the [[1994 Brit Awards]]:<ref name="BBC">{{cite web |title=BBC Asian Network Summer Sounds |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/asiannetwork/summersounds/artists_apache.shtml |website=BBC |access-date=8 October 2021}}</ref> Best British Male Solo Artist, Best British Newcomer, Best British Dance Act and Best British Single for "[[Boom Shack-A-Lak]]",<ref>{{cite journal |title=On Warpath |journal=Newcastle Evening Chronicle |date=10 January 1994 |page=2 |url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000726/19940110/007/0002 |access-date=10 October 2021}}</ref> the latter found on his ''Nuff Vibes'' EP, the follow-up to ''No Reservations'' which reached number five on the UK Singles Chart.<ref name="Stansfield" /> According to author Rehan Hyder, the album's commercial success and Mercury Prize nomination largely increased media interest in Asian musicians.<ref name="Hyder">{{cite book |last1=Hyder |first1=Rehan |title=Brimful of Asia: Negotiating Ethnicity on the UK Music Scene |date=2017 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |location=London |isbn=9781351218085 |edition=Digital |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PUg4DwAAQBAJ&dq=apache+indian+no+reservations&pg=PT112 |access-date=2 October 2021 |chapter=Beyond Bhangra: Asian Sounds for the 1990s |quote=Undoubtedly Apache Indian's success (including Top 10 singles and the LP No Reservations being nominated for the Mercury Prize in 1995 [sic]) stimulated much interest in Asian musicians, but his subsequent career has met with a number of difficulties.}}</ref>

Thom Duffy of ''[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]'' credits ''No Reservations'' for helping bring ragga music into "the international pop mainstream".<ref>{{cite magazine |last1=Duffy |first1=Thom |title=Apache Indian Builds Int'l Profile with 'Real People' |magazine=Billboard |date=13 September 1997 |page=71 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AQoEAAAAMBAJ&dq=apache+indian+no+reservations&pg=PA71 |access-date=30 September 2021}}</ref> Maier said the album was innovative for making "some unprecedented musical connections", although felt its fusion of ragga and bhangra could not be expanded on.<ref name="Maier" /> Moskowitz wrote that the record secured Apache Indian's standing and "artfully illustrated his ability to make a mark in reggae music",<ref name="Moskowitz" /> while Williams felt that other British-Asian youth discovered "some pride of their own" through Kapur's promotion of cultural pride on the album.<ref name="Williams" /> As ''No Reservations'' was PolyGram India's first British-Asian success, it ensured "great potential" in India for future such crossovers; Nyay Bhushan of ''Billboard'' wrote that Kapur's success "reinforced the importance of an artist's personal effort to promote a product", a challenge the label would later face with [[Talvin Singh]]'s ''[[OK (Talvin Singh album)|OK]]'' (1998).<ref name="Bhushan"/> The book ''Fusion of Cultures?'' (1996) highlights the album for showing how "music lends itself most easily to cross-over experimentation."<ref>{{cite book |last1=Balme |first1=Christopher B. |last2=Stummer |first2=Peter O. |title=Fusion of Cultures? |date=1996 |publisher=Rodopi |location=Amsterdam |isbn=9042000430 |page=68 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cS65Hw0rY1MC&dq=apache+indian+no+reservations&pg=PA68 |access-date=9 October 2021 |chapter=Cross-Over Difficulties}}</ref>

==Track listing==
All tracks composed and arranged by Apache Indian

#"Don Raja (Prelude)" – 0:24
#"Chok There" – 4:25
#"Fe Real" (featuring [[Maxi Priest]]) – 5:04
#"Fix Up" – 4:26
#"Aids Warning" – 4:33
#"Guru" – 3:50
#"Wan' No Me" – 4:09
#"Come Follow Me" – 4:43
#"Don't Touch" (featuring [[Frankie Paul]]) – 4:06
#"Arranged Marriage" – 4:33
#"Drink Problems" – 4:29
#"Movie Over India" – 4:04
#"Magic Carpet" – 4:01
#"Badd Indian" – 4:33
#"Don Raja" – 4:22

==Personnel==
Adapted from the liner notes of ''No Reservations''<ref name="booklet">{{cite AV media notes| title = No Reservations| others= Apache Indian| year = 1993| type = liner| publisher = Mango Records}}</ref>

* [[Apache Indian (musician)|Apache Indian]] – executive production
* [[Trevor Wyatt]] – executive production
* Simon and [[Diamond Duggal]] – production (tracks 1–3, 5, 7–12, 14, 15)
* Phil Chill – production ("Fix Up"), mixing ("Arranged Marriage")
* [[Bobby Digital (Jamaican producer)|Bobby Digital]] – production ("Guru")
* [[Sly Dunbar]] – production ("Magic Carpet")
* Robert Livingston – additional production ("Fix Up"), mixing ("Fix Up")
* [[Maxi Priest]] – vocals ("Fe Real")
* [[Frankie Paul]] – vocals ("Don't Touch")
* Immi Dread Cally – design, art direction
* [[Kate Garner]] – photography

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:No Reservations (Album)}}
[[Category:1993 debut albums]]
[[Category:Apache Indian albums]]
[[Category:Island Records albums]]
[[Category:Ragga albums]]
[[Category:Dancehall albums]]
[[Category:Bhangra (music) albums]]
[[Category:Dance music albums by English artists]]
[[Category:Electronic albums by English artists]]

Howrah – SMVT Bengaluru Duronto Express

2026-05-06T19:17:11Z

Frederickdube: New a details

{{Short description|Train in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2016}}
{{Format footnotes|date=April 2026}}
{{Infobox rail service
| color = 80FF00
| name = Howrah Junction – SMVT Bengaluru Duronto Express
| image = [[File:Duronto Express From Yeshwantput bangalore to Howrah calcutta.jpg|300px|right]]
| type = [[Duronto Express]]
| first = 3 January 2010
| last =
| operator = [[South Eastern Railway zone|South Eastern Railways]]
| ridership =
| start = {{stnlnk|Howrah Junction}} ('''HWH''')
| stops = 6
| end = {{stnlnk|Sir M. Visvesvaraya Terminal, Bengaluru}} ('''SMVB''')
| distance = {{convert|1937.3|km|0|abbr=on}}
| journeytime = 29 hours 00 minutes as 12245 Howrah–SMVT Bengaluru Duronto Express, 28 hours 45 minutes as 12246 SMVT–Howrah Duronto Express
| frequency = 5 days a week. 12245 Howrah–SMVT Bengaluru Duronto Express – except Monday & Thursday, 12246 SMVT–Howrah Duronto Express – except Wednesday & Saturday
| class = AC 1st Class, AC 2 tier, AC 3 tier, Sleeper class
| seating =
| sleeping = Yes
| autorack =
| catering = [[Pantry car]] attached
| observation = [[LHB coach]]
| entertainment =
| baggage =
| other facilities =
| stock = Standard [[Indian Railways]] [[Duronto Express|Duronto]] [[LHB coach]]
| gauge = {{track gauge|1676mm|al=on|allk=on}}
| el =
| trainnumber = 12245 / 12246
| speed = {{convert|130|km/h|mph|0|abbr=on}} (maximum speed), {{convert|69|km/h|mph|0|abbr=on}} (average speed), including halts
| map = {{Howrah-SMVT Bengaluru Duronto Express Route}}
| map_state = collapsed
}}

The '''Howrah – SMVT Bengaluru - Howrah Duronto Express''' is a Superfast Express train of the [[Duronto Express|Duronto Express category]] train service of [[Indian Railways]] – by [[South Eastern Railway zone]] that runs between {{stnlnk|Howrah Junction}} in [[Kolkata]], [[West Bengal]] and [[Sir M. Visvesvaraya Terminal|SMVT Bengaluru]] in [[Bengaluru]], [[Karnataka]], both in India. It is the fastest train between Bengaluru in Karnataka and Howrah in West Bengal.

It operates as train number 12245 from Howrah Junction to SMVT Bengaluru Junction and as train number 12246 in the reverse direction, serving the states of [[Karnataka]], [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[Odisha]] & [[West Bengal]]. It runs with highly refurbished [[LHB coach]] from 11 March 2020. It has been provided with pure Duronto-liveried sleeper coaches and also ax coaches along with the pantry service also .

From 10 August 2022, the train terminus in [[Bangalore|Bengaluru]] changed from {{stnlnk|Yesvantpur Junction}} to [[Sir M. Visvesvaraya Terminal|SMVT Bengaluru]]. On first inaugural run in 2009, the train only made it to Yesvantpur Junction.

==Coaches==

The 12245 / 46 Howrah – SMVT Bengaluru Duronto Express presently has 1 AC First Class, 1 AC 2 tier, 5 AC 3 AC tier, 11 Sleeper class and 2 EOG coaches. In addition, it carries a [[pantry car]].

As is customary with most train services in India, coach composition may be amended at the discretion of Indian Railways depending on demand. Its [[LHB coach]]es replaced Hybrid LHB coach on 13 March 2020 from Howrah.[https://ser.indianrailways.gov.in/view_detail.jsp?lang=0&dcd=4031&id=0,4,423].

==Service==

The 12245 Howrah–SMVT Bengaluru Duronto Express covers the distance of {{convert|1946|km|0}} in 29 hours 00 mins (67.10 km/h) and in 29 hours 15 mins as 12246 SMVT Bengaluru–Howrah Duronto Express ({{convert|67.69|kph|abbr=on}}).
[[File:YPR-HWH Duronto at YPR.jpg|thumb|12246 Yesvantapur (now SMVT) - Howrah Duronto Express standing at Yesvantapur Railway Station, prior to its departure]]
As the average speed of the train is above {{convert|55|kph|0|abbr=on}}, as per Indian Railways rules, its fare includes a [[Superfast Express trains in India|Superfast Express]] surcharge. And it also same name of [[Howrah-SMVT Bengaluru Superfast Express]]

== Routeing and halts ==

The train 12245 / 46 Howrah–SMVT Bengaluru Duronto Express has stops at {{stnlnk|Bhubaneswar}}, {{stnlnk|Vizianagaram Junction}},
{{stnlnk|Vijayawada Junction}} and {{stnlnk|Renigunta Junction}}.

{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders unsortable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! rowspan="2" scope="col" style="background:#faecc8;" | Station code
! rowspan="2" scope="col" style="background:#faecc8;" | Station name
! colspan="2" scope="col" style="background:#faecc8;" |
'''12245'''<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://indiarailinfo.com/train/howrah-yesvantpur-duronto-express-12245-hwh-to-ypr/7869/1/997|title = 12245/Howrah - Yesvantpur Duronto Express - Howrah to Yesvantpur SER/South Eastern Zone - Railway Enquiry}}</ref>
! rowspan="2" scope="col" style="background:#faecc8;" | Distance from source in km
! rowspan="2" scope="col" style="background:#faecc8;" | Day
! colspan="2" scope="col" style="background:#faecc8;" |
'''12246'''<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://indiarailinfo.com/train/yesvantpur-howrah-duronto-express-12246-ypr-to-hwh/7868/997/1|title = 12246/Yesvantpur - Howrah Duronto Express - Yesvantpur to Howrah SER/South Eastern Zone - Railway Enquiry}}</ref>
! rowspan="2" scope="col" style="background:#faecc8;" | Distance from source in km
! rowspan="2" scope="col" style="background:#faecc8;" | Day
|-
! colspan="1" scope="col" style="background:#faecc8;" |Arrival
! colspan="1" scope="col" style="background:#faecc8;" |Departure
! colspan="1" scope="col" style="background:#faecc8;" |Arrival
! colspan="1" scope="col" style="background:#faecc8;" |Departure
|-
|HWH || '''{{stnlnk|Howrah}}'''|| '''Source''' || '''10:50''' || 0 || 1 || 16:50 || '''Destination''' || 1943 || 2
|-
| BBS || {{stnlnk|Bhubaneswar}} || 16:20 || 16:30 || 436.8 || 1 || 09:45 || 09:55 || 1502 || 2
|-
| VZM || {{stnlnk|Vizianagaram Junction}} || 22:05 || 22:15 || 820.0 || 1 || 04:20 || 04:30 || 1121 || 2
|-
| BZA || {{stnlnk|Vijayawada Junction}} || 04:05 || 04:15 || 1215.4 || 2 || 22:10 || 22:20 || 723 || 1
|-
| RU || {{stnlnk|Renigunta Junction}} || 9:58 || 10:00 || 1592.4 || 2 || 16:53 || 16:55 || 347 || 1
|-
| SMVB || '''{{stnlnk|Sir M. Visvesvaraya Terminal, Bengaluru}}'''|| '''15:50''' || '''Destination''' || 1937.3 || 2 || '''Source''' || '''11:20''' || 0 || 1
|}

==Locomotive==

earlier it was runs by [[Pune]]-based [[WDM-3D]] It is powered by a {{stnlnk|Santragachi}} or [[Tatanagar]]-based [[WAP-7]] and [[WAP-4]] for its entire journey.
[[File:12246 YPRDuronto atBBS.jpg|thumb|12246 Yesvantapur (now SMVT) - Howrah Duronto Express standing at Bhubneshwar Railway Station]]

==Timings==

*12245 Howrah–SMVT Bengaluru Duronto Express leaves Howrah Junction at 10:50 AM every Tuesday, Wednesday, Friday, Saturday & Sunday and reaches SIR M VISVESVARAYA TERMINAL BENGALURU (SMVB) the next day at 3:50 PM.
*12246 SMVT Bengaluru–Howrah Duronto Express leaves SIR M VISVESVARAYA TERMINAL BENGALURU (SMVB) at 11:20 AM every Monday, Tuesday, Thursday, Friday & Sunday and reaches Howrah Junction the next day at 4:50 PM.

==Speed==
Sometimes people become confused because according to Indian Railways Permanent Way Manual (IRPWM) on Indian Railways website or Indian Railway Institute of Civil Engineering website, the BG (Broad Gauge) lines have been classified into six groups ‘A’ to ‘E’ on the basis of the future maximum permissible speeds but it may not be same as present speed.
This train runs through Howrah Chennai route up to Gudur and the speed of first section of this route, '''Howrah – Andul''' 110 km/h (As per Kharagpur Division System Map or South Eastern Railway System Map - both on South Eastern Railway Website, it is 12.274 km only)[https://indianrailways.gov.in/railwayboard/uploads/directorate/civil_engg/CE_II/2019/Raising%20of%20sectionl%20speed%20to%20130%20kmph%20%20(dated%2017_12_2019).pdf], '''Andul- Kharagpur''' 130 km/h [https://ser.indianrailways.gov.in/view_detail.jsp?lang=0&dcd=4813&id=0,4,423] [https://ser.indianrailways.gov.in/view_detail.jsp?lang=0&dcd=4407&id=0,4,423]. As per a post on Facebook page of DCM Kharagpur on 19 Nov, 2022, which is shared by Facebook page of DRM Kharagpur whose link [https://www.facebook.com/drmkgpser] is available on South Eastern Railway Website - '''Kharagpur to Bhadrak''' is 130 km/h [https://www.anandabazar.com/west-bengal/the-maximum-speed-of-80-long-distance-trains-has-been-increased/cid/1385856], '''Bhadrak - Cuttack - Khurda Road - Palasa - Vizianagaram Jn - Simhachalam North''' 130 km/h [If any part having more than two lines and this speed is lower other than a) at least one up line and b) at least one down line then it is ignored], '''Simhachalam North - Duvvada (DVD) (By-Pass)''' - only 2.60 km part (for this part - as of 31 March 2024) 45 kmph (UP)/50 kmph (DN) [https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bhubaneswar/kavach-system-to-enhance-rail-safety-on-595-km-stretch-under-east-coast-railway/articleshow/115123304.cms]
[https://eastcoastrail.indianrailways.gov.in/view_section.jsp?lang=0&id=0,2,1032,1038], '''Duvvada (DVD) - Vijayawada''' 130 km/h [https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/south-central-railway-increases-speed-limit-between-vijayawada-and-duvvada-to-130-kmph/article66442986.ece#:~:text=Trains%20can%20now%20run%20up,Golden%20Diagonal%2C%20say%20railway%20officials.&text=In%20a%20major%20achievement%20in,and%20Duvvada%20to%20130%20kmph.], '''Vijayawada - Gudur''' 130 km/h [https://pib.gov.in/Pressreleaseshare.aspx?PRID=1687313#:~:text=Indian%20Railway%20has%20started%20the,(GQ%2DGD)%20route.] [https://scr.indianrailways.gov.in/view_detail.jsp?lang=0&id=0,5,268&dcd=15556&did=161018408480641454ACECEB405390995D9F3E2FE495A] [https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/telangana/scr-enhances-sectional-speeds-of-upto-130-kmph-in-2824-track-km/article38174750.ece], '''Katpadi – Jolarpettai''' (part of Arakkonam - Jolarpettai) 130 km/h, '''Jolarpettai to BAIYYAPPANAHALLI JN. (BYPL)''', where it leaves route towards KSR Bengaluru to go to SIR M VISVESVARAYA TERMINAL BENGALURU (SMVB) is 110 km/h.
[https://sr.indianrailways.gov.in/view_section.jsp?lang=0&id=0,1,304,373,457,481] [https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2018/mar/27/speed-boost-to-cut-travel-time-on-chennai-jolarpettai-section-1793012.html] [https://swr.indianrailways.gov.in/view_detail.jsp?lang=0&id=0,4,268&dcd=4125&did=1604984612296DC8A49D19C3C60C6B3B4C871131BE797]
== Accidents and incidents ==
* On 2 June 2023, [[2023 Odisha train collision]], three derailed coaches from the Coromandel Express collided into the adjacent track and whip-lashed the tail end of the SMVT Bengaluru–Howrah Express, which was crossing on the down adjacent line at the same time. Also, two unreserved coaches and the brake van of the SMVT Bengaluru–Howrah Express derailed.The accident is considered one of the deadliest [[List of rail accidents in India|rail accidents in Indian Railways' history]] with a death count of 296 and over 1,200 injuries although there were no casualties but the passengers in derailed coaches of SMVT Bengaluru–Howrah Express had suffered both minor and major injuries.
== References ==
{{reflist}}

*{{cite web|url=http://www.indianrail.gov.in/duronto_trn_list.html |title=DURONTO TRAIN LIST |publisher=indianrail.gov.in |access-date=2014-05-30 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140530062143/http://www.indianrail.gov.in/duronto_trn_list.html |archive-date=30 May 2014 |df=dmy-all }}
*{{cite web|url=http://deshgujarat.com/2011/12/19/railway-covers-duronto-under-tatkal-includes-aadhaar-as-id-proof/|title='Tatkal' extended to Duronto trains, Aadhaar approved as ID proof|work=DeshGujarat|date=19 December 2011|access-date=2014-05-30}}

*{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YD2Auy1z5do|title=Duronto action:-Bangalore(Yesvantpur)bound 12245 Yesvantpur Duronto Express|via=YouTube|access-date=2014-05-30}}
*{{cite web|url=http://www.swr.indianrailways.gov.in/view_detail.jsp?lang=0&dcd=385&id=0,4,268|title=South Western Railway|publisher=swr.indianrailways.gov.in|access-date=2014-05-30}}
*{{cite web|url=http://echoofindia.com/kolkata-ser-revises-menu-catering-services-tariff-duronto-express-trains-40557 |title=Kolkata {{pipe}} SER revises menu & catering services tariff of Duronto Express trains|work=The Echo of India|access-date=2014-05-30 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140517153811/http://echoofindia.com/kolkata-ser-revises-menu-catering-services-tariff-duronto-express-trains-40557 |archive-date=17 May 2014 }}
*{{cite web|url=http://railroadair.blogspot.in/2011/05/increase-in-frequency-of-howrah.html|title=Rail Road Air-Indian Railways: INCREASE IN FREQUENCY OF HOWRAH-YESVANTPUR DURONTO EXPRESS|date=18 May 2011|publisher=railroadair.blogspot.in|access-date=2014-05-30}}
*{{cite web|url=http://www.siasat.com/english/news/howrah-b%E2%80%99lore-duronto-exp-january-3|title=Howrah–B'lore Duronto Exp from January 3|work=Siasat|access-date=2014-05-30}}
*{{cite web|url=https://www.flickr.com/photos/abhinavnfr/5821785380/|title=Howrah YESVANTPUR Howrah Duronto Express |date=15 March 2011 |via=Flickr|access-date=2014-05-30}}
*{{cite news|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/duronto-express-now-chugs-off-from-city-too-110010500106_1.html|title=Duronto Express now chugs off from city too|work=Business Standard|date=5 January 2010|access-date=2014-05-30}}

==External links==
*{{cite web|url=http://www.indianrail.gov.in |title=Welcome to Indian Railway Passenger reservation Enquiry |publisher=indianrail.gov.in |access-date=2014-04-05 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140408180437/http://www.indianrail.gov.in/ |archive-date=8 April 2014 |df=dmy-all }}
*{{cite web|url=http://www.irctc.co.in|title=IRCTC Online Passenger Reservation System|publisher=IRCTC|access-date=2014-04-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070303131207/http://www.irctc.co.in/|archive-date=3 March 2007|url-status=dead}}
*{{cite web|url=http://www.irfca.org|title=[IRFCA] Welcome to IRFCA.org, the home of IRFCA on the internet.|publisher=IRFCA|access-date=2014-04-05}}

{{Railways in Eastern India}}
{{Railways in Southern India}}
{{Duronto Express}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Howrah-Yeshvantapur Duronto Express}}
[[Category:Trains from Howrah railway station]]
[[Category:Transport in Bengaluru]]
[[Category:Duronto Express trains]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Karnataka]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Odisha]]
[[Category:Rail transport in West Bengal]]
[[Category:Railway services introduced in 2010]]

Mettur Assembly constituency

2026-05-05T19:28:07Z

Frederickdube: put up new details

{{Short description|State Legislative Assembly Constituency in Tamil Nadu}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2020}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| type = SLA
| constituency_no = 85
| map_image = Constitution-Mettur.svg
| district = [[Salem district|Salem]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Dharmapuri Lok Sabha constituency|Dharmapuri]]
| established = 1957
| state = [[Tamil Nadu]]
| mla = [[G. Venkatachalam]]
| party = {{Party index link|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
| alliance = {{Party index link|National Democratic Alliance}}
| latest_election_year = [[2026 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2026]]
| name = Mettur
| electors = 255,665
| reservation =
}}
'''Mettur''' is a [[Legislature of Tamil Nadu|state legislative assembly]] constituency in [[Salem district]] in the [[India]]n state of [[Tamil Nadu]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.assembly.tn.gov.in/Const_map/map.htm |title=Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly Constituency Map |website=Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly |access-date=25 January 2017 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120614070155/http://www.assembly.tn.gov.in/const_map/map.htm |archive-date=14 June 2012 }}</ref> Its State Assembly Constituency number is 85. It comprises a portion of [[Mettur taluk]] and is a part of the wider [[Dharmapuri Lok Sabha constituency]] for national elections to the [[Parliament of India]].<ref>{{cite web |url= http://eci.nic.in/delim/Final_Publications/Tamilnadu/Final%20Notification%20&%20Order%20.pdf |title= Tamil Nadu - Final Notification & Order |website= Delimitation Commission of India |publisher= National Informatics Centre |access-date= 27 January 2017}}</ref> It is one of the 234 State Legislative Assembly Constituencies in Tamil Nadu, in India. Elections and winners in the constituency are listed below.

== Members of Legislative Assembly ==
=== Madras State ===

{| class="wikitable" width="50%"
! style="background-color:#666666; color:white"|Year
! style="background-color:#666666; color:white"|Winner
! style="background-color:#666666; color:white" colspan="2" | Party
|-
| [[1957 Madras Legislative Assembly election|1957]]
| [[K. S. Ardhanareeswara Gounder]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1962 Madras Legislative Assembly election|1962]]
| [[K. S. Arthanareswara Gounder]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1967 Madras Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
| [[M. Surendran]]
| {{Full party name with color|Praja Socialist Party}}
|-
|}

=== Tamil Nadu ===

{| class="wikitable"
! style="background-color:#666666; color:white"|Year
! style="background-color:#666666; color:white"|Winner
! style="background-color:#666666; color:white" colspan="2" | Party
|-
| [[1971 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1971]]
| [[M. Surendran]]
| {{Full party name with color|Praja Socialist Party}}
|-
| [[1977 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1977]]
| rowspan=3|[[K. P. Nachimuthu Gounder]]
| {{Full party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|rowspan=3}}
|-
| [[1980 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1980]]
|-
| [[1984 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1984]]
|-
| [[1989 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1989]]
| [[M. Sreerangan]]
| {{party color cell|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}
| [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]
|-
| [[1991 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1991]]
| [[S. Sundarambal]]
| {{Full party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|-
| [[1996 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1996]]
| [[P. Gopal]]
| {{Full party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|-
| [[2001 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2001]]
| [[S. Sundarambal]]
| {{Full party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|-
| [[2006 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2006]]
| [[G. K. Mani]]
| {{Full party name with color|Pattali Makkal Katchi}}
|-
| [[2011 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2011]]
| [[S. R. Parthiban]]
| {{Full party name with color|Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam}}
|-
| [[2016 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2016]]
| [[S. Semmalai]]<ref>{{cite web |publisher=Election Commission of India |title=2016 Tamil Nadu General Election: Constituency Data Summary |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/archiveofge2016/09-Constitutional%20Data%20Summarytamil.pdf |access-date=27 May 2016|page=85}}</ref>
| {{Full party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|-
| [[2021 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2021]]
| [[S. Sadhasivam (PMK politician)|S. Sadhasivam]]
| {{Full party name with color|Pattali Makkal Katchi}}
|-
| [[2026 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2026]]
| [[G. Venkatachalam]]
| {{Full party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|-
|}

==Election results==
{{bar box
|float=right
|title= Vote share of winning candidates
|titlebar=#ddd
|width=300px
|barwidth=275px
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[#2021|2021]]|{{party color|Pattali Makkal Katchi}}|44.43}}
{{bar percent|[[#2016|2016]]|{{party color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|35.05}}
{{bar percent|[[#2011|2011]]|{{party color|Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam}}|44.62}}
{{bar percent|[[#2006|2006]]|{{party color|Pattali Makkal Katchi}}|47.94}}
{{bar percent|[[#2001|2001]]|{{party color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|42.25}}
{{bar percent|[[#1996|1996]]|{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|43.97}}
{{bar percent|[[#1991|1991]]|{{party color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|49.30}}
{{bar percent|[[#1989|1989]]|{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}|25.61}}
{{bar percent|[[#1984|1984]]|{{party color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|48.15}}
{{bar percent|[[#1980|1980]]|{{party color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|58.28}}
{{bar percent|[[#1977|1977]]|{{party color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|43.67}}
{{bar percent|[[#1971|1971]]|{{party color|Praja Socialist Party}}|57.45}}
{{bar percent|[[#1967|1967]]|{{party color|Praja Socialist Party}}|48.78}}
{{bar percent|[[#1962|1962]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|34.04}}
{{bar percent|[[#1957|1957]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|45.65}}

}}

=== 2026 ===

{{Election box begin|title= [[2026 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Mettur}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[G. Venkatachalam]]|party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|votes= |percentage= |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate= Mithun Chakravarthy|party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes= |percentage= |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Vidhya Veerappan |party=Naam Tamilar Katchi |votes= |percentage= |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate= K. Selvam|party=Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam |votes= |percentage= |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=NOTA |party=None of the above |votes= |percentage= |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes= |percentage= |change=}}
{{Election box turnout |votes= |percentage= |change=}}
{{Election box rejected|votes=|percentage= }}{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 255665|change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=AIADMK|loser=Pattali Makkal Katchi |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2021 ===

{{Election box begin|title= [[2021 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Mettur<ref>{{cite web |title=mettur Election Result |url= https://www.news18.com/assembly-elections-2021/tamil-nadu/-s22a085|access-date= 25 May 2022}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[S. Sadhasivam (PMK politician)|S. Sadhasivam]] |party=Pattali Makkal Katchi |votes=97,055 |percentage=44.43% |change=+20.37 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. Srinivasaperumal |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=96,399 |percentage=44.13% |change=+12.11 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=C. Manikandan |party=Naam Tamilar Katchi |votes=9,109 |percentage=4.17% |change=+3.7 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=P. Anusuya |party=Makkal Needhi Maiam |votes=4,605 |percentage=2.11% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Selvan |party=Independent politician |votes=2,823 |percentage=1.29% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=NOTA |party=None of the above |votes=2,247 |percentage=1.03% |change=+0.15 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. Ramesh Aravind |party=Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam |votes=1,874 |percentage=0.86% |change=-1.98 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. Thangavel |party=DAMK |votes=1,783 |percentage=0.82% |change= ''New'' }}

{{Election box margin of victory |votes=656 |percentage=0.30% |change=-2.73% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=218,442 |percentage=76.21% |change= -2.66% }}
{{Election box rejected|votes=427 |percentage=0.20% }}{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 286,620 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Pattali Makkal Katchi |loser=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= 9.38% }}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2016 ===

{{Election box begin|title= [[2016 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Mettur<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.elections.tn.gov.in/TNLA2016/AC%20WISE%20CANDIDATE%20COUNT.pdf |access-date= 30 Apr 2022 |archive-date= 30 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220430083638/https://www.elections.tn.gov.in/TNLA2016/AC%20WISE%20CANDIDATE%20COUNT.pdf |title=Assembly wise Candidate Valid Votes count 2016, Tamil Nadu|website=www.elections.tn.gov.in}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[S. Semmalai]] |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=72,751 |percentage=35.05% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[S. R. Parthiban]] |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=66,469 |percentage=32.02% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[G. K. Mani]] |party=Pattali Makkal Katchi |votes=49,939 |percentage=24.06% |change=-19.03 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=R. Boopathy |party=Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam |votes=5,892 |percentage=2.84% |change=-41.78 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=NOTA |party=None of the above |votes=1,829 |percentage=0.88% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=P. Balasubramanian |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=1,428 |percentage=0.69% |change=-0.66 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=A. Rajagounder |party=Kongunadu Makkal Desia Katchi |votes=1,345 |percentage=0.65% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=R. Parthiban |party=Independent politician |votes=707 |percentage=0.34% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=6,282 |percentage=3.03% |change=1.50% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=207,574 |percentage=78.87% |change= -0.76% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 263,189 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam |swing= -9.57% }}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2011 ===

{{Election box begin|title= [[2011 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Mettur<ref>{{Cite report|url=http://www.elections.tn.gov.in/Web/Index_card_TNLA2011/10-DETAILEDRESULT_ver4.3.pdf|title=Detailes Result 2011, Aseembly Election Tamil Nadu |work=Election Commission of Tamil Nadu|access-date=9 May 2021 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20170215085458/http://www.elections.tn.gov.in/Web/Index_card_TNLA2011/10-DETAILEDRESULT_ver4.3.pdf | archive-date =15 February 2017}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[S. R. Parthiban]] |party=Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam |votes=75,672 |percentage=44.62% |change=+36.71 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[G. K. Mani]] |party=Pattali Makkal Katchi |votes=73,078 |percentage=43.09% |change=-4.86 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Dr. [[K. Padmarajan]] |party=Independent politician |votes=6,273 |percentage=3.70% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=A. Pakkiam |party=Independent politician |votes=2,738 |percentage=1.61% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=R. Senthilkumar |party=Indhiya Jananayaga Katchi |votes=2,487 |percentage=1.47% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=P. Balasubramanian |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=2,286 |percentage=1.35% |change=+0.66 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. K. Parthiban |party=Independent politician |votes=1,338 |percentage=0.79% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=R. Mani |party=Independent politician |votes=1,254 |percentage=0.74% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=V. Ranjith |party=Independent politician |votes=1,254 |percentage=0.74% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=P. Murugan |party=Independent politician |votes=1,110 |percentage=0.65% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=2,594 |percentage=1.53% |change=-6.53% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=212,992 |percentage=79.63% |change= 9.98% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 169,607 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam |loser=Pattali Makkal Katchi |swing= -3.33% }}
{{Election box end}}

===2006===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2006 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Mettur<ref>{{cite web | last = Election Commission of India | title = 2006 Election Statistical Report | url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2006/StatReport_TN_2006.pdf | access-date = 12 May 2006 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101007200819/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2006/StatReport_TN_2006.pdf | archive-date = 7 October 2010}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[G. K. Mani]] |party=Pattali Makkal Katchi |votes=66,250 |percentage=47.94% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. Kandasamy |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=55,112 |percentage=39.88% |change=-2.37 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. Dhandapany |party=Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam |votes=10,921 |percentage=7.90% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. S. Mani |party=Independent politician |votes=1,831 |percentage=1.33% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[K. Padmarajan]] |party=Independent politician |votes=1,454 |percentage=1.05% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. Muthu Kumaran |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=957 |percentage=0.69% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=T. Saravanan |party=Independent politician |votes=822 |percentage=0.59% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=11,138 |percentage=8.06% |change=1.12% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=138,183 |percentage=69.65% |change= 13.88% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 198,408 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Pattali Makkal Katchi |loser=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= 5.69% }}
{{Election box end}}

===2001===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2001 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Mettur<ref>{{cite web | last = Election Commission of India |title = Statistical Report on General Election 2001 |url= http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2001/Stat_Rep_TN_2001.pdf |date = 12 May 2001 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006173934/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2001/Stat_Rep_TN_2001.pdf |archive-date=6 October 2010}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[S. Sundarambal]] |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=49,504 |percentage=42.25% |change=+16.27 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[P. Gopal]] |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=41,369 |percentage=35.31% |change=-8.66 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. P. Nachimthu |party=Independent politician |votes=20,906 |percentage=17.84% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=A. Arumugam |party=Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=1,610 |percentage=1.37% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. Munusamy |party=Independent politician |votes=1,304 |percentage=1.11% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. Raja |party=Independent politician |votes=1,040 |percentage=0.89% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[K. Padmarajan]] |party=Independent politician |votes=809 |percentage=0.69% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. Manickam |party=Independent politician |votes=627 |percentage=0.54% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=8,135 |percentage=6.94% |change=-10.37% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=117,169 |percentage=55.76% |change= -9.90% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 210,151 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= -1.72% }}
{{Election box end}}

===1996===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1996 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Mettur<ref>{{cite web | last = Election Commission of India | title = 1996 Election Statistical Report | url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1996/StatisticalReport-TN96.pdf | access-date = 19 April 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101007221700/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1996/StatisticalReport-TN96.pdf | archive-date = 7 October 2010}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[P. Gopal]] |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=50,799 |percentage=43.97% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=R. Balakrishnan |party=Pattali Makkal Katchi |votes=30,793 |percentage=26.65% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=P. Soundram |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=30,012 |percentage=25.98% |change=-23.33 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. Rajagopal |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes=2,336 |percentage=2.02% |change=-14.49 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=20,006 |percentage=17.32% |change=-7.21% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=115,540 |percentage=65.66% |change= 2.65% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 185,204 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= -5.34% }}
{{Election box end}}

===1991===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1991 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Mettur<ref>{{cite web | last = Election Commission of India | title = Statistical Report on General Election 1991 | url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1991/StatisticalReport-Tamil%20Nadu91.pdf | access-date = 19 April 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101007161404/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1991/StatisticalReport-Tamil%20Nadu91.pdf | archive-date = 7 October 2010}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[S. Sundarambal]] |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=53,368 |percentage=49.30% |change=+24.93 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[G. K. Mani]] |party=Pattali Makkal Katchi |votes=26,825 |percentage=24.78% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. Seerangan |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes=17,878 |percentage=16.52% |change=-9.1 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. P. Nachimuthu |party=Independent politician |votes=8,822 |percentage=8.15% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=26,543 |percentage=24.52% |change=23.28% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=108,245 |percentage=63.01% |change= 4.97% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 178,129 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |swing= 23.69% }}
{{Election box end}}

===1989===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1989 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Mettur<ref>{{cite web | last = Election Commission of India | title = Statistical Report on General Election 1989 | url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1989/StatisticalReportTamilNadu89.pdf | access-date = 19 April 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101006153620/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1989/StatisticalReportTamilNadu89.pdf | archive-date = 6 October 2010}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=M. Sreerangan |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes=23,308 |percentage=25.61% |change=+7.2 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. Gurusamy |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=22,180 |percentage=24.37% |change=-23.78 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=R. Narayanan |party=Indian National Congress |votes=20,721 |percentage=22.77% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. P. Nachimuthu |party=Independent politician |votes=15,094 |percentage=16.59% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. Navamani |party=Communist Party of India |votes=7,409 |percentage=8.14% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. K. Sidhan |party=Independent politician |votes=541 |percentage=0.59% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,128 |percentage=1.24% |change=-17.39% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=90,996 |percentage=58.04% |change= -15.24% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 160,935 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |loser=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= -22.54% }}
{{Election box end}}

===1984===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1984 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Mettur<ref>{{cite web | last = Election Commission of India | title = Statistical Report on General Election 1984 | url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1984/StatisticalReportTamilNadu84.pdf | access-date = 19 April 2009 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20120117121208/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1984/StatisticalReportTamilNadu84.pdf | archive-date = 17 January 2012}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[K. P. Nachimuthu Gounder]] |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=46,083 |percentage=48.15% |change=-10.13 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. Gurusamy |party=Independent politician |votes=28,253 |percentage=29.52% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. Seerangan |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes=17,626 |percentage=18.42% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=T. M. Munusamy |party=Independent politician |votes=2,754 |percentage=2.88% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Kandasamy Vai |party=Independent politician |votes=649 |percentage=0.68% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=17,830 |percentage=18.63% |change=-3.88% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=95,699 |percentage=73.28% |change= 6.23% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 138,136 |change = }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= -10.13% }}
{{Election box end}}

===1980===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1980 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Mettur<ref>{{cite web | last = Election Commission of India | title = Statistical Report on General Election 1980 | url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1980/StatisticalReportTamil%20Nadu%201980.pdf | access-date = 19 April 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101006231656/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1980/StatisticalReportTamil%20Nadu%201980.pdf | archive-date = 6 October 2010}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[K. P. Nachimuthu Gounder]] |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=48,845 |percentage=58.28% |change=+14.61 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. Kandappan |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=29,977 |percentage=35.77% |change=+20.89 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. C. Pachaiapan |party=Janata Party |votes=4,560 |percentage=5.44% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=18,868 |percentage=22.51% |change= -1.32% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=83,810 |percentage=67.06% |change= 9.26% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 126,625 |change = }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= 14.61% }}
{{Election box end}}

===1977===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1977 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Mettur<ref>{{cite web | last = Election Commission of India | title = Statistical Report on General Election 1977 | url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1977/StatisticalReportTamil%20Nadu77.pdf | access-date = 19 April 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101007141448/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1977/StatisticalReportTamil%20Nadu77.pdf | archive-date = 7 October 2010}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[K. P. Nachimuthu Gounder]] |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=30,762 |percentage=43.67% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=P. Natesan |party=Indian National Congress |votes=13,976 |percentage=19.84% |change=-18.05 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=G. A. Vadivelu |party=Janata Party |votes=13,448 |percentage=19.09% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=L. K. Ramu |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=10,478 |percentage=14.88% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=T. Obuli |party=Independent politician |votes=910 |percentage=1.29% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. Madalaimuthu |party=Independent politician |votes=530 |percentage=0.75% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=16,786 |percentage=23.83% |change= 4.27% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=70,436 |percentage=57.79% |change= -5.07% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 123,548 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Praja Socialist Party |swing= -13.77% }}
{{Election box end}}

===1971===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1971 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Mettur<ref>{{cite web | last = Election Commission of India | title = Statistical Report on General Election 1971 | url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1971/StatReport_TN_71.pdf | access-date = 19 April 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101006131227/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1971/StatReport_TN_71.pdf | archive-date = 6 October 2010}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[M. Surendran]] |party=Praja Socialist Party |votes=32,656 |percentage=57.45% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Karuppanna Gounder |party=Indian National Congress |votes=21,538 |percentage=37.89% |change=-1.28 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Sengoda Gounder |party=Independent politician |votes=2,650 |percentage=4.66% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=11,118 |percentage=19.56% |change= 9.94% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=56,844 |percentage=62.86% |change= -12.07% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 97,813 |change = }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Praja Socialist Party |loser=Praja Socialist Party |swing= 8.67% }}
{{Election box end}}

===1967===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1967 Madras Legislative Assembly election]]: Mettur<ref>{{Cite web| last = Election Commission of India|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Madras%201967.pdf |title= Statistical Report on General Election 1967 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120320175222/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Madras%201967.pdf |archive-date=20 March 2012 |access-date= 19 April 2009}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[M. Surendran]] |party=Praja Socialist Party |votes=30,635 |percentage=48.78% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. K. Gounder |party=Indian National Congress |votes=24,597 |percentage=39.17% |change=+5.12 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=R. S. Kandasami |party=Independent politician |votes=5,950 |percentage=9.47% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. Arulsami |party=Independent politician |votes=1,619 |percentage=2.58% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=6,038 |percentage=9.61% |change= 8.78% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=62,801 |percentage=74.93% |change= 6.00% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 89,534 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Praja Socialist Party |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= 14.74% }}
{{Election box end}}

===1962===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1962 Madras Legislative Assembly election]]: Mettur<ref>{{cite web | last = Election Commission of India |title=Statistical Report on General Election 1962 |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Madras_1962.pdf |access-date= 19 April 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130127201143/https://eci.gov.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Madras_1962.pdf |archive-date=27 January 2013}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[K. S. Ardhanareeswara Gounder]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=18,065 |percentage=34.04% |change=-11.6 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. Surendram |party=Praja Socialist Party |votes=17,620 |percentage=33.21% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Paul Cruz |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=8,497 |percentage=16.01% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=P. Ardhanari |party=Communist Party of India |votes=8,295 |percentage=15.63% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Arulsamy |party=Independent politician |votes=586 |percentage=1.10% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=445 |percentage=0.84% |change= -11.32% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=53,063 |percentage=68.93% |change= 27.63% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 79,747 |change = }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= -11.60% }}
{{Election box end}}

===1957===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1957 Madras Legislative Assembly election]]: Mettur<ref>{{cite web | last = Election Commission of India| title=Statistical Report on General Election 1957 | url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_Madras_1957.pdf | access-date=2015-07-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130127200447/https://eci.gov.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_Madras_1957.pdf |archive-date=27 January 2013}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[K. S. Ardhanareeswara Gounder]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=15,491 |percentage=45.65% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Surendiran |party=Praja Socialist Party |votes=11,366 |percentage=33.49% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Chinnasamy |party=Independent politician |votes=5,119 |percentage=15.08% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Narayanasami |party=Independent politician |votes=1,959 |percentage=5.77% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=4,125 |percentage=12.16% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=33,935 |percentage=41.29% |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 82,184 |change = }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner=Indian National Congress |loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}
* {{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/ElectionStatistics.asp |title=Statistical reports of assembly elections |access-date=8 July 2010 |publisher=Election Commission of India |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101005110118/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/ElectionStatistics.asp |archive-date=5 October 2010 }}

{{Tamil Nadu assembly elections|state=expanded}}
{{Assembly constituencies of Tamil Nadu}}

{{coord|11.80|N|77.80|E|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Salem district]]
[[Category:Politics of Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1957]]
[[Category:1957 establishments in Madras State]]

Dindigul Assembly constituency

2026-05-05T13:47:29Z

Frederickdube: adding first stub initial version

{{Short description|Indian Legislative Assembly Constituency}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2018}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Dindigul
| type = SLA
| map_image = Constitution-Dindigul.svg
| map_caption =
| map_alt =
| mla = [[I. P. Senthil Kumar]]
| party = {{Party index link|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
| alliance = {{Party index link|Secular Progressive Alliance}} 
| latest_election_year = [[2026 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2026]]
| region =
| state = [[Tamil Nadu]]
| district = [[Dindigul district|Dindigul]]
| division =
| loksabha_cons = [[Dindigul Lok Sabha constituency|Dindigul]]
| constituency_no = 132
| established = 1951
| electors = 241,926
| reservation = None
| abolished = 
}}
'''Dindigul''' is a state assembly constituency in [[Tamil Nadu]]. Its Constituency number is 132 among the 234 State Legislative Assembly Constituencies. It comes under [[Dindigul Lok Sabha constituency]]. Dindigul was one of 17 assembly constituencies to have [[Voter-verified paper audit trail|VVPAT]] facility with EVMs in the [[2016 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/ec-to-tighten-grip-on-cash-for-votes/article8225776.ece|title=EC to tighten grip on cash for votes|date=12 February 2016|newspaper=The Hindu|access-date=16 July 2018}}</ref>

== Members of Legislative Assembly ==
=== Madras State ===
{| class="wikitable" width="70%"
! style="background-color:#666666; color:white"|Year
! style="background-color:#666666; color:white"|Winner
! style="background-color:#666666; color:white" colspan="2" | Party
|-
| [[1952 Madras Legislative Assembly election|1952]]
| Munisamy Pillai
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=3}}
|-
| [[1957 Madras Legislative Assembly election|1957]]
| M. J. Jamal Mohideen
|-
| [[1962 Madras Legislative Assembly election|1962]]
| R. Rengasamy
|-
| [[1967 Madras Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
| [[A. Balasubramaniam (politician)|A. Balasubramaniam]]
| {{party color cell|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}
| [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]
|-
|}

=== Tamil Nadu ===
{| class="wikitable" width="70%"
! style="background-color:#666666; color:white"|Year
! style="background-color:#666666; color:white"|Winner
! style="background-color:#666666; color:white" colspan="2" | Party
|-
| [[1971 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1971]]
| [[O. N. Sundaram Pillai]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress (Organisation)}}
|-
| [[1977 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1977]]
|rowspan=2|[[N. Varadarajan]]
| {{party color cell|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}
| [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]
|-
| [[1980 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1980]]
| {{Full party name with color|Independent (politician)}}
|-
| [[1984 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1984]]
| [[A. Premkumar]]
| {{Full party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|-
| [[1989 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1989]]
| [[S. A. Thangarajan]]
| {{party color cell|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}
| [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]
|-
| [[1991 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1991]]
| [[B. Nirmala]]
| {{Full party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|-
| [[1996 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1996]]
| [[R. Manimaran (Dindigul MLA)|R. Manimaran]]
| {{Full party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|-
| [[2001 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2001]]
| [[K. Balabharathi|K. Nagalakshimi]]
| {{party color cell|Communist Party of India (Marxist)|rowspan=3}}
|rowspan=3| [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]
|-
| [[2006 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2006]]
|rowspan=2| [[K. Balabharathi]]
|-
| [[2011 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2011]]
|-
| [[2016 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2016]]
|rowspan=2| [[C. Sreenivaasan|Dindigul C. Sreenivasan]]
| {{Full party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[2021 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2021]]
|-
| [[2026 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2026]]
| [[I. P. Senthil Kumar]]
| {{Full party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|-
|}

==Election results==
{{bar box
|float=right
|title= Vote share of winning candidates
|titlebar=#ddd
|width=300px
|barwidth=275px
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[#2021|2021]]|{{party color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|46.86}}
{{bar percent|[[#2016|2016]]|{{party color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|49.30}}
{{bar percent|[[#2011|2011]]|{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}|58.82}}
{{bar percent|[[#2006|2006]]|{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}|43.74}}
{{bar percent|[[#2001|2001]]|{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}|47.37}}
{{bar percent|[[#1996|1996]]|{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|65.53}}
{{bar percent|[[#1991|1991]]|{{party color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|64.00}}
{{bar percent|[[#1989|1989]]|{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}|37.77}}
{{bar percent|[[#1984|1984]]|{{party color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|62.68}}
{{bar percent|[[#1980|1980]]|{{party color|Independent politician}}|54.89}}
{{bar percent|[[#1977|1977]]|{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}|45.19}}
{{bar percent|[[#1971|1971]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|39.80}}
{{bar percent|[[#1967|1967]]|{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}|58.93}}
{{bar percent|[[#1962|1962]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|48.23}}
{{bar percent|[[#1957|1957]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|48.36}}
{{bar percent|[[#1952|1952]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|43.95}}}}

=== 2026 ===

{{Election box begin|title= [[2026 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Dindigul}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[I. P. Senthil Kumar]]|party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|votes= |percentage= |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[C. Sreenivasan]]|party=AIADMK|votes= |percentage= |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. Mutharasi |party=Naam Tamilar Katchi |votes= |percentage= |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate= Nazeer Raja|party=Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam |votes= |percentage= |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=NOTA |party=None of the above |votes= |percentage= |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes= |percentage= |change=}}
{{Election box turnout |votes= |percentage= |change=}}
{{Election box rejected|votes=|percentage= }}{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 237679|change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=|loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

===2021===

{{Election box begin|title= [[2021 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Dindigul}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[C. Sreenivasan]] |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=90,595 |percentage=46.86 |change=-2.44 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=N. Pandi |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes=72,848 |percentage=37.68 |change=33.02 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=R. Jayasundar |party=Naam Tamilar Katchi |votes=14,860 |percentage=7.69 |change=6.49 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=R. Rajendran |party=Makkal Needhi Maiam |votes=9,063 |percentage=4.69 |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=P. Ramuthevar |party=Amma Makkal Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=2,427 |percentage=1.26 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Nota |party=None of the above |votes=1,807 |percentage=0.93 |change=-0.57 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=17,747 |percentage=9.18 |change=-1.99 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=193,311 |percentage=69.89 |change= -4.65 }}
{{Election box rejected|votes=348 |percentage=0.18 }}{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 276,583 |change = }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= -2.44 }}
{{Election box end}}

===2016===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2016 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Dindigul}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[C. Sreenivasan]] |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=91,413 |percentage=49.30 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. Basheer Ahamed |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=70,694 |percentage=38.13 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=N. Pandi |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes=8,657 |percentage=4.67 |change=-54.15 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=T. A. Thirumalai Balaji |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=5,079 |percentage=2.74 |change=-1.16 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=None Of The Above |party=None of the above |votes=2,783 |percentage=1.50 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=R. Parasuraman |party=Pattali Makkal Katchi |votes=2,718 |percentage=1.47 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. P. Ganesan |party=Naam Tamilar Katchi |votes=2,227 |percentage=1.20 |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=20,719 |percentage=11.17 |change=-15.29 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=185,419 |percentage=74.54 |change= -2.25 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 248,751 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |swing= -9.51 }}
{{Election box end}}

===2011===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2011 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Dindigul<ref>{{Cite report|url=http://www.elections.tn.gov.in/Web/Index_card_TNLA2011/10-DETAILEDRESULT_ver4.3.pdf|title=Detailes Result 2011, Aseembly Election Tamil Nadu |work=Election Commission of Tamil Nadu|access-date=9 May 2021 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20170215085458/http://www.elections.tn.gov.in/Web/Index_card_TNLA2011/10-DETAILEDRESULT_ver4.3.pdf | archive-date =15 February 2017}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[K. Balabharathi]] |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes=86,932 |percentage=58.82 |change=15.08 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=J. Paul Baskar |party=Pattali Makkal Katchi |votes=47,817 |percentage=32.35 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=P. G. Bose |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=5,761 |percentage=3.90 |change=2.50 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=V. Ganesan |party=Akhil Bharat Hindu Mahasabha |votes=2,014 |percentage=1.36 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. Palanichamy |party=Independent politician |votes=1,107 |percentage=0.75 |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. Muthuveeran |party=Revolutionary Socialist Party (India) |votes=945 |percentage=0.64 |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=P. Baskaran |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=711 |percentage=0.48 |change=-0.36 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. Nndharan |party=Indhiya Jananayaga Katchi |votes=586 |percentage=0.40 |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. Nagoorgani |party=Independent politician |votes=502 |percentage=0.34 |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=A. Abuthahir |party=Independent politician |votes=271 |percentage=0.18 |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=A. Nagakanniga |party=Independent politician |votes=270 |percentage=0.18 |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=39,115 |percentage=26.46 |change=14.06 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=192,479 |percentage=76.79 |change= 6.79 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 147,805 |change = }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |loser=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |swing= 15.08 }}
{{Election box end}}

===2006===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2006 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Dindigul<ref>{{cite web | last = Election Commission of India | title = 2006 Election Statistical Report | url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2006/StatReport_TN_2006.pdf | access-date = 12 May 2006 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101007200819/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2006/StatReport_TN_2006.pdf | archive-date = 7 October 2010}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[K. Balabharathi]] |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes=66,811 |percentage=43.74 |change=-3.63 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=N. Selvaragavan |party=Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=47,862 |percentage=31.33 |change=28.22 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=G. Karthikeyan |party=Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam |votes=27,287 |percentage=17.86 |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=J. C. D. Prabhakar |party=Samajwadi Party |votes=2,970 |percentage=1.94 |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=T. A. Thirumalai Balaji |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=2,134 |percentage=1.40 |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. Sivanathan |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=1,290 |percentage=0.84 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. Muthuveeran |party=Revolutionary Socialist Party (India) |votes=1,154 |percentage=0.76 |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. Arunachalam |party=Puthiya Needhi Katchi |votes=1,107 |percentage=0.72 |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=A. Palanichamy |party=Independent politician |votes=1,045 |percentage=0.68 |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. Thanikodi |party=All India Forward Bloc |votes=632 |percentage=0.41 |change=''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=N. Naguchamy Nadar |party=Janata Dal (United) |votes=456 |percentage=0.30 |change=''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=18,949 |percentage=12.41 |change=10.55 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=152,748 |percentage=70.00 |change= 16.40 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 218,221 |change = }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |loser=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |swing= -3.63 }}
{{Election box end}}

===2001===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2001 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Dindigul<ref>{{cite web | last = Election Commission of India |title = Statistical Report on General Election 2001 |url= http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2001/Stat_Rep_TN_2001.pdf |date = 12 May 2001 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006173934/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2001/Stat_Rep_TN_2001.pdf |archive-date=6 October 2010}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[K. Balabharathi|K. Nagalakshimi]] |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes=71,003 |percentage=47.37 |change=40.30 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. Basheer Ahmed |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=68,224 |percentage=45.52 |change=-20.01 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Latha Selvaraj |party=Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=4,662 |percentage=3.11 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=R. Manimaran |party=Independent politician |votes=2,635 |percentage=1.76 |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=V. Muruganandam |party=Independent politician |votes=1,685 |percentage=1.12 |change=''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. N. Balasubramani |party=Thaayaga Makkal Katchi |votes=1,668 |percentage=1.11 |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=2,779 |percentage=1.85 |change=-43.38 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=149,877 |percentage=53.60 |change= -11.77 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 279,805 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |loser=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= -18.16 }}
{{Election box end}}

===1996===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1996 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Dindigul<ref>{{cite web | last = Election Commission of India | title = 1996 Election Statistical Report | url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1996/StatisticalReport-TN96.pdf | access-date = 19 April 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101007221700/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1996/StatisticalReport-TN96.pdf | archive-date = 7 October 2010}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[R. Manimaran (Dindigul MLA)|R. Manimaran]] |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=94,353 |percentage=65.53 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=V. Marutharaj |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=29,229 |percentage=20.30 |change=-43.70 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=R. S. Rejendran |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes=10,180 |percentage=7.07 |change=-22.07 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. Visuvasam |party=Pattali Makkal Katchi |votes=4,120 |percentage=2.86 |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. T. Manickam |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=3,488 |percentage=2.42 |change=-1.23 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. Rengan Maruthai |party=Independent politician |votes=252 |percentage=0.18 |change=''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. R. Subramani |party=Independent politician |votes=243 |percentage=0.17 |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. Raj |party=Independent politician |votes=199 |percentage=0.14 |change=''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=V. Kulanthai |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) Liberation |votes=172 |percentage=0.12 |change=''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=R. Desikachari |party=Independent politician |votes=149 |percentage=0.10 |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. Palanisamy |party=Independent politician |votes=140 |percentage=0.10 |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=65,124 |percentage=45.23 |change=10.37 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=143,986 |percentage=65.37 |change= 5.28 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 230,348 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= 1.53 }}
{{Election box end}}

===1991===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1991 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Dindigul<ref>{{cite web | last = Election Commission of India | title = Statistical Report on General Election 1991 | url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1991/StatisticalReport-Tamil20Nadu91.pdf | access-date = 19 April 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101007161404/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1991/StatisticalReport-Tamil20Nadu91.pdf | archive-date = 7 October 2010}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=B. Nirmala |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=80,795 |percentage=64.00 |change=43.93 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. A. Thangarajan |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes=36,791 |percentage=29.14 |change=-8.63 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. Dhanabalan |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=4,617 |percentage=3.66 |change=2.83 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=R. Sundar Rajan |party=Pattali Makkal Katchi |votes=2,588 |percentage=2.05 |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=V. Abdulkadar |party=Janata Party |votes=327 |percentage=0.26 |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=R. Selvaraj |party=Independent politician |votes=197 |percentage=0.16 |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=P. M. Mustafa |party=Independent politician |votes=172 |percentage=0.14 |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. Palani Chamy |party=Independent politician |votes=155 |percentage=0.12 |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=P. Rengieya |party=Independent politician |votes=138 |percentage=0.11 |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. Sebastian |party=Independent politician |votes=131 |percentage=0.10 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=A. Adhimoolam |party=Independent politician |votes=121 |percentage=0.10 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=44,004 |percentage=34.85 |change=20.43 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=126,250 |percentage=60.09 |change= -8.04 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 215,517 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |swing= 26.23 }}
{{Election box end}}

===1989===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1989 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Dindigul<ref>{{cite web | last = Election Commission of India | title = Statistical Report on General Election 1989 | url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1989/StatisticalReportTamilNadu89.pdf | access-date = 19 April 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101006153620/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1989/StatisticalReportTamilNadu89.pdf | archive-date = 6 October 2010}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=S. A. Thangarajan |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes=46,617 |percentage=37.77 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. Sandhana Mary |party=Indian National Congress |votes=28,815 |percentage=23.34 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. A. Krishnasamy |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=24,763 |percentage=20.06 |change=-42.62 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=A. Premkumar |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=17,445 |percentage=14.13 |change=-48.55 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=P. Selvan Nadar |party=Independent politician |votes=1,490 |percentage=1.21 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. Muthukrishnan Kailai |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=1,016 |percentage=0.82 |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=A. Stepan |party=Independent politician |votes=1,001 |percentage=0.81 |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=P. Subbiah |party=Independent politician |votes=312 |percentage=0.25 |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=R. Raju |party=Independent politician |votes=280 |percentage=0.23 |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=R. Jeyaraman |party=Independent politician |votes=270 |percentage=0.22 |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. Viswa Bharathi |party=Independent politician |votes=238 |percentage=0.19 |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=17,802 |percentage=14.42 |change=-15.91 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=123,435 |percentage=68.13 |change= -1.46 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 184,923 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |loser=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= -24.91 }}
{{Election box end}}

===1984===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1984 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Dindigul<ref>{{cite web | last = Election Commission of India | title = Statistical Report on General Election 1984 | url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1984/StatisticalReportTamilNadu84.pdf | access-date = 19 April 2009 | archive-url =https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20181113110352/https://www.eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1984/StatisticalReportTamilNadu84.pdf | archive-date = 13 November 2018}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=A. Premkumar |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=67,718 |percentage=62.68 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[N. Varadarajan]] |party=Communist Party of India |votes=34,952 |percentage=32.35 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Pon. Srinivasan |party=Independent politician |votes=3,842 |percentage=3.56 |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=F. Ananth |party=Independent politician |votes=505 |percentage=0.47 |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=P. Madurai Veeran |party=Independent politician |votes=462 |percentage=0.43 |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=N. Madharasa |party=Independent politician |votes=243 |percentage=0.22 |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=B. Subbiah |party=Independent politician |votes=202 |percentage=0.19 |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. Muthukrishnan |party=Independent politician |votes=115 |percentage=0.11 |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=32,766 |percentage=30.33 |change=18.87 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=108,039 |percentage=69.58 |change= 5.36 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 160,905 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Independent politician |swing= 7.78 }}
{{Election box end}}

===1980===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1980 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Dindigul<ref>{{cite web | last = Election Commission of India | title = Statistical Report on General Election 1980 | url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1980/StatisticalReportTamil20Nadu201980.pdf | access-date = 19 April 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101006231656/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1980/StatisticalReportTamil20Nadu201980.pdf | archive-date = 6 October 2010}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[N. Varadarajan]] |party=Independent politician |votes=55,195 |percentage=54.89 |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=N. Abdul Khader |party=Indian National Congress |votes=43,676 |percentage=43.44 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=V. Pitchaimuthu |party=Independent politician |votes=674 |percentage=0.67 |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=P. M. Musthafa |party=Independent politician |votes=589 |percentage=0.59 |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. Muthukrishnan |party=Independent politician |votes=413 |percentage=0.41 |change=''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=11,519 |percentage=11.46 |change=-15.27 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=100,547 |percentage=64.22 |change= 11.03 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 158,089 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Independent politician |loser=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |swing= 9.71 }}
{{Election box end}}

===1977===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1977 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Dindigul<ref>{{cite web | last = Election Commission of India | title = Statistical Report on General Election 1977 | url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1977/StatisticalReportTamil20Nadu77.pdf | access-date = 19 April 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101007141448/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1977/StatisticalReportTamil20Nadu77.pdf | archive-date = 7 October 2010}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[N. Varadarajan]] |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes=33,614 |percentage=45.19 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=V. S. Lakshmanan |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=13,732 |percentage=18.46 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=V. Johnson |party=Janata Party |votes=12,179 |percentage=16.37 |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=V. Madanagopal |party=Communist Party of India |votes=11,125 |percentage=14.96 |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=A. Gnanaraj |party=Independent politician |votes=2,357 |percentage=3.17 |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. M. Renganathan |party=Independent politician |votes=1,380 |percentage=1.86 |change=''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=19,882 |percentage=26.73 |change=24.73 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=74,387 |percentage=53.19 |change= -16.15 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 141,172 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= 5.38 }}
{{Election box end}}

===1971===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1971 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Dindigul<ref>{{cite web | last = Election Commission of India | title = Statistical Report on General Election 1971 | url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1971/StatReport_TN_71.pdf | access-date = 19 April 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101006131227/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1971/StatReport_TN_71.pdf | archive-date = 6 October 2010}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=O. N. Sundaram Pillai |party=Indian National Congress |votes=27,775 |percentage=39.80 |change=-1.27 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Jama Hussain |party=Independent politician |votes=26,384 |percentage=37.81 |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=A. Balasubramanyam |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes=14,990 |percentage=21.48 |change=''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=C. Kasthurinathan |party=Independent politician |votes=629 |percentage=0.90 |change=''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,391 |percentage=1.99 |change=-15.87 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=69,778 |percentage=69.33 |change= -9.20 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 110,295 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |swing= -19.12 }}
{{Election box end}}

===1967===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1967 Madras Legislative Assembly election]]: Dindigul<ref>{{Cite web| last = Election Commission of India|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical20Report20Madras201967.pdf |title= Statistical Report on General Election 1967 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120320175222/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical20Report20Madras201967.pdf |archive-date=20 March 2012 |access-date= 19 April 2009}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=A. Balasubramanayam |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes=42,381 |percentage=58.93 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=O. C. Pillai |party=Indian National Congress |votes=29,537 |percentage=41.07 |change=-7.16 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=12,844 |percentage=17.86 |change=13.54 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=71,918 |percentage=78.54 |change= 1.16 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 94,204 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= 10.70 }}
{{Election box end}}

===1962===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1962 Madras Legislative Assembly election]]: Dindigul<ref>{{cite web | last = Election Commission of India |title=Statistical Report on General Election 1962 |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Madras_1962.pdf |access-date= 19 April 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130127201143/https://eci.gov.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Madras_1962.pdf |archive-date=27 January 2013}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[R. Rengaswamy]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=32,047 |percentage=48.23 |change=-0.13 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=A. Balasubramanian |party=Communist Party of India |votes=29,174 |percentage=43.91 |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. Nallakamu |party=Independent politician |votes=2,708 |percentage=4.08 |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. Rajaram |party=Swatantra Party |votes=2,517 |percentage=3.79 |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=2,873 |percentage=4.32 |change=-1.95 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=66,446 |percentage=77.38 |change= 29.89 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 89,114 |change = }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= -0.13 }}
{{Election box end}}

===1957===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1957 Madras Legislative Assembly election]]: Dindigul<ref>{{cite web | url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_Madras_1957.pdf | title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1957 : To the Legislative Assembly of Madras | publisher=Election Commission of India | access-date=2015-07-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130127200447/https://eci.gov.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_Madras_1957.pdf |archive-date=27 January 2013}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=M. J. Jamal Mohideen |party=Indian National Congress |votes=21,417 |percentage=48.36 |change=4.41 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=A. Balasubramaniam |party=Communist Party of India |votes=18,640 |percentage=42.09 |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=R. Janardhanam Naidu |party=Independent politician |votes=2,922 |percentage=6.60 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. V. Pichaya |party=Independent politician |votes=1,311 |percentage=2.96 |change=''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=2,777 |percentage=6.27 |change=0.79 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=44,290 |percentage=47.48 |change= -10.75 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 93,280 |change = }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= 4.41 }}
{{Election box end}}

===1952===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1952 Madras Legislative Assembly election]]: Dindigul<ref>{{cite web | url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/STATISTICALREPORTS_51_MADRAS.pdf | title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1951 : To the Legislative Assembly of Madras | publisher=Election Commission of India | access-date=2014-10-14 |archive-date=27 January 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130127201450/https://eci.gov.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/STATISTICALREPORTS_51_MADRAS.pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=Munisamy Pillai |party=Indian National Congress |votes=16,667 |percentage=43.95 |change=43.95 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=A. Balasubramaniam |party=Communist Party of India |votes=14,588 |percentage=38.47 |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=V. Venkatachalam |party=Independent politician |votes=2,794 |percentage=7.37 |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=V. Arumugham |party=Tamil Nadu Toilers' Party |votes=2,686 |percentage=7.08 |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. Nagarattinam |party=Kisan Mazdoor Praja Party |votes=1,188 |percentage=3.13 |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=2,079 |percentage=5.48 |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=37,923 |percentage=58.23 |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 65,129 |change = }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner=Indian National Congress |loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
* {{cite web|url= http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/ElectionStatistics.asp|title= Statistical reports of assembly elections|access-date= 8 July 2010|publisher= Election Commission of India|url-status= dead|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20101005110118/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/ElectionStatistics.asp|archive-date= 5 October 2010}}

{{Tamil Nadu assembly elections|state=expanded}}
{{Assembly constituencies of Tamil Nadu}}

{{coord|10.35|N|77.95|E|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Dindigul]]
[[Category:Dindigul district]]
[[Category:Politics of Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1951]]
[[Category:1951 establishments in Madras State]]

Ahmedabad Airport

2026-05-05T08:51:44Z

Frederickdube: Done!

{{Short description|Airport serving Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2025}}
{{Infobox airport
| name = Ahmedabad Airport
| image = Ahmedabad Airport Logo.svg
| image_size = 300px
| image2 = SVPI Airport, Ahmedabad.jpg
| image2_size = 300px
| IATA = AMD
| ICAO = VAAH
| type = Public
| owner = [[Airports Authority of India]]
| operator = [[Adani Group|Ahmedabad International Airport Limited]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://cbonds.com/company/229929/|title=Ahmedabad International Airport|website=cbonds.com|access-date=7 March 2023}}</ref>
| city-served = {{ubl|class=nowrap
| [[Ahmedabad]]
| [[Gandhinagar]]}}
| location = Hansol, Ahmedabad, [[Gujarat]], [[India]]
| opened = {{start date and age|1937|||df=yes}}
| focus_city = [[Air India]]
| operating_base = [[IndiGo]]
| elevation-f = 189
| elevation-m = 58
| metric-elev = yes
| coordinates = {{coord|23|04|38|N|072|38|05|E|type:airport|display=inline,title}}
| website = {{URL|https://www.adani.com/svpia-ahmedabad-airport/}}
| mapframe = yes
| mapframe-wikidata = yes
| mapframe-zoom = 12
| pushpin_map = India Ahmedabad#India Gujarat#India
| pushpin_label = '''AMD'''/VAAH
| r1-number = 05/23
| r1-length-f = 11,499
| r1-length-m = 3,505
| r1-surface = [[Asphalt concrete|Asphalt]]
| metric-rwy = yes
| stat1-header = Passengers
| stat1-data = 13,427,697 ({{increase}} 14.8%)
| stat2-header = Aircraft movements
| stat2-data = 101,119 ({{increase}} 8.7%)
| stat3-header = Cargo tonnage
| stat3-data = 103,050 ({{decrease}} 3.6%)
| stat-year = April 2024 - March 2025
| footnotes = Source: [[Airports Authority of India|AAI]]<ref name="AAI3">{{cite web|title=Annexure III – Passenger Data|url=https://www.aai.aero/sites/default/files/traffic-news/Mar2k25Annex3.pdf|website=aai.aero|access-date=26 April 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Annexure II – Aircraft Movement Data|url=https://www.aai.aero/sites/default/files/traffic-news/Mar2k25Annex2.pdf|website=aai.aero|access-date=26 April 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Annexure IV – Freight Movement Data|url=https://www.aai.aero/sites/default/files/traffic-news/Mar2k25Annex4.pdf|website=aai.aero|access-date=26 April 2025}}</ref>
}}

'''Ahmedabad Airport''', officially '''Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel International Airport''' {{airport codes|AMD|VAAH}}, is an [[international airport]] in [[Ahmedabad]], [[Gujarat]], [[India]]. It is named after [[Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel]], the first [[Deputy Prime Minister of India]]. The airport is the busiest and largest airport in the state of Gujarat, and is the [[List of the busiest airports in India|seventh-busiest airport in India]].

In fiscal year 2024–25, it handled over 13 million passengers, making it the [[List of busiest airports in India by passenger traffic|seventh-busiest airport]] in terms of passenger traffic in India.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.statista.com/statistics/589115/indian-airports-passenger-traffic/|title=Leading airports across India in financial year 2020, by number of passengers handled(in millions)|website=statista|access-date=27 January 2021}}</ref> The airport serves as a focus city for [[Air India]] and an operating base for [[IndiGo]]. In 2015, the government started the procedure for the privatisation of the airport. The new [[Dholera International Airport]] is being developed due to expansion constraints at the current airport.

==History==
[[File:Praful Patel, the Minister of State (Independent Charge) for Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises, Shri Dinsha J. Patel and other dignitaries at the unveiling ceremony of the statue of Sardar Vallabh Bhai Patel.jpg|thumb|Statue of Sardar Patel, installed within the airport in 2011]]

The airport opened in 1937, while international operations began on 26 January 1991. It was categorised as an [[international airport]] on 23 May 2000.<ref name="newterminal">{{cite web|title=Airports International - New Terminal in Ahmedabad |url=http://www.aai.aero/misc/newterminal.pdf |work=[[Airports Authority of India]]| archive-date=22 July 2013 |year=2010 |access-date=24 March 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130722185229/http://www.aai.aero/misc/newterminal.pdf}}</ref> In March 2004, [[Air India]] commenced service to London's Heathrow Airport with a Boeing 747. The flight catered to the large Gujarati community in the United Kingdom.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.flightglobal.com/london-non-stops-for-air-india/53660.article | title=London non-stops for Air India | work=Airline Business | date=31 March 2004 | access-date=1 January 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/a-i-to-begin-london-ahmedabad-flights/articleshow/544042.cms | title=A-I to begin London-Ahmedabad flights | work=Times of India | date=7 March 2004 | agency=Press Trust of India | access-date=1 January 2022}}</ref> The carrier ended the service in October 2008.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://indianexpress.com/article/news-archive/ai-terminates-ahmedabad-london-flight/lite/ | title=AI terminates Ahmedabad-London flight | work=The Indian Express | date=25 October 2008 | access-date=1 January 2022}}</ref> The following June, Air India began a route to Frankfurt using 747s.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/Now-a-direct-Air-India-flight-from-Abad-to-Frankfurt/articleshow/4601481.cms | title=Now, a direct Air India flight from A'bad to Frankfurt | work=Times of India | date=1 June 2009 | access-date=1 January 2022}}</ref> The link lasted until November 2010.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.anna.aero/2010/09/15/air-india-cuts-frankfurt-scissor-hub-from-end-of-october/ | title=Air India cuts Frankfurt scissor hub from end of October | work=Anna.aero | date=15 September 2010 | access-date=1 January 2022 | archive-date=25 January 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220125105622/https://www.anna.aero/2010/09/15/air-india-cuts-frankfurt-scissor-hub-from-end-of-october/ | url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | title=Flying to Europe, US: Some good news, some bad | work=The Times of India | date=26 August 2010 | author=Kumar, Manish | id={{ProQuest|747112701}}}}</ref>

The new Terminal 2 was inaugurated for handling international passengers in 2010. A {{convert|18|ft|m|order=flip|adj=mid|-tall}} statue of [[Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel]] was also inaugurated at the airport.<ref name="statue">{{cite news|title= Praful Patel inaugurates Sardar Patel's statue at Ahmedabad airport |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-praful-patel-inaugurates-sardar-patel-s-statue-at-ahmedabad-airport-1492728 |date=10 January 2011|work=[[Daily News and Analysis]] |location=Ahmedabad |access-date=24 March 2015}}</ref><ref name="newbuilding">{{cite news|title=New building to be used as international terminal: AAI |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/New-building-to-be-used-as-international-terminal-AAI/articleshow/6476900.cms |date=1 September 2010 |work=[[Times of India]] |location=Ahmedabad |access-date=24 March 2015}}</ref> In August 2016, Air India reinstated direct service to [[Heathrow Airport|London-Heathrow]] aboard a [[Boeing 787 Dreamliner|Boeing 787]]. Of the four weekly flights, three continued on to [[Newark Liberty International Airport|Newark]].<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.anna.aero/2016/08/16/air-india-resumes-ahmedabad-to-london-route/ | title=Air India resumes Ahmedabad to London route | work=Anna.aero | date=16 August 2016 | access-date=1 January 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | title=Air India launches Ahmedabad to Newark flight | work=The Times of India | date=16 August 2016 | author=Chauhan, Ashish | id={{ProQuest|1811426609}}}}</ref> In March 2017, a 700 kWp rooftop solar plant was commissioned at the airport.<ref>{{cite news|title=Airport rooftop solar array joins power grid|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/airport-rooftop-solar-array-joins-power-grid/articleshow/57760836.cms|date=22 March 2017|work=The Times of India|access-date=5 March 2021}}</ref> Air India stopped operating the London–Newark service in November 2018.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/chandigarh/air-india-says-no-new-international-routes-from-chandigarh-till-disinvestment-proccedure-is-complete-6063647/ | title=Air India says no new international routes from Chandigarh till disinvestment procedure is over | work=The Indian Express | date=11 October 2019 | access-date=27 April 2023}}</ref>

In November 2018, the Central Government cleared a proposal by the [[Airports Authority of India]] (AAI) for leasing out six of its airports, including Ahmedabad. The following month, AAI commenced an international competitive bidding process to award Operations, Management and Development (OMD) contracts for the six airports.<ref>{{cite news |title=AAI seeks bids for six airports, to finalise bidders on February 28 |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/transportation/airlines-/-aviation/aai-seeks-bids-for-six-airports-to-finalise-bidders-on-february-28/articleshow/67131473.cms |access-date= 27 September 2024 |work= [[The Economic Times]] |date=17 December 2018 }}</ref>
Seven companies participated in the bidding process for Ahmedabad airport. These included [[Adani Enterprises Limited]], Sydney, Australia-based [[AMP Capital Investors]] (UK) Limited, [[Autostrade]], [[GMR Group|GMR Airports Limited]], I Investments Ltd, PNC Infrastructure Ltd and Sanna Enterprises.<ref>{{cite news |title=AAI seeks bids for six airports, to finalise bidders on February 28 |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/68029155.cms |access-date= 27 September 2024 |work= [[The Times of India]] |date=17 February 2019}}</ref>

The bidding process that was won by the Adani Group.<ref>{{cite news |title=Adani group wins bids to operate 5 airports for 50 years |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/adani-highest-bidder-for-five-airports-including-ahmedabad-jaipur-lucknow/articleshow/68150898.cms |access-date= 27 September 2024 |work= [[The Times of India]] |date=25 February 2019 }}</ref> Subsequent to the selection of Adani Enterprises Limited (AEL) as the selected bidder, AEL promoted and incorporated the Special Purpose Vehicle (SPV) – Ahmedabad International Airport Limited (AIAL), as the concessionaire under the Companies Act, 2013 in accordance with the terms of the RFP.<ref>{{cite news |title=Multi Year Tariff Proposal |url=https://www.aera.gov.in/uploads/mytp/16662539979423.pdf |access-date= 27 September 2024 |work= AERA.Gov.in |date=4 February 2022 }}</ref> AIAL signed the Concession Agreement with AAI for exclusive right to operate, manage and develop Ahmedabad Airport on 14 February 2020.<ref>{{cite news |title=AAI seeks bids for six airports, to finalise bidders on February 28 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/adani-group-signs-agreement-with-aai-for-running-ahmedabad-lucknow-mangaluru-airports-for-50-years/articleshow/74133924.cms |access-date= 27 September 2024 |work= [[The Times of India]] |date=14 February 2020}}</ref>

==Structure==
The airport currently consists of four terminals: domestic, international, an additional terminal for secondary traffic and a cargo terminal. The airport has 45 aircraft parking bays and both the international and domestic terminals have four [[Jet bridge|aero-bridges]] each. The new terminal was modelled on [[Singapore Changi Airport]].<ref name="Changi">{{Cite news|title=Fly out of Changi, in apnu Amdavad|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/Fly-out-of-Changi-in-apnu-Amdavad/articleshow/4711013.cms|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120128170342/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-06-28/ahmedabad/28203593_1_international-terminal-ahmedabad-airport-passenger-traffic|url-status=live|archive-date=28 January 2012| date=28 June 2009 |work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=5 March 2021}}</ref>

The new terminal has a 500 metre-long [[moving walkway]], which connects the two terminals.<ref name="express_india">{{cite news|title=New terminal soon at A'bad international airport|url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/new-terminal-soon-at-a-bad-international-airport/387679/|work=Indian Express|access-date=1 February 2011|date=18 November 2008}}</ref> Airports Authority of India (AAI) will construct a new technical block which will enhance the flight handling capacity and provide better control of flights.<ref>{{cite news |title=Rs 90 crore for new air traffic control block at Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel International Airport |last=Jha |first=Satish |date=15 December 2009 |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report_rs90-crore-for-new-air-traffic-control-block-at-ahmedabad-airport_1323876 |work=DNA |access-date=5 March 2021}}</ref>

===Runway===
The airport's single runway, 05/23, is {{convert|3505|m|ft}} long,<ref name="runwayrepair">{{cite news|title=Runway repair at Ahmedabad airport to hit summer travel |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/Runway-repair-at-Ahmedabad-airport-to-hit-summer-travel/articleshow/7746074.cms |first=Ankur |last=Jain |date=20 March 2011 |work=[[Times of India]] |location=Ahmedabad |access-date=24 March 2015}}</ref> with runway 23 being used for over 70% of operations. It has a single parallel taxiway which only extends {{convert|1895|m|ft}} along its full length. As a result, aircraft requiring a full-length departure from 23 must backtrack along the runway, while those arriving on 05 and rolling past the taxiway must turn around and backtrack to exit. Larger wide-body aircraft cannot use the taxiway at all. As this significantly limits the peak number of flights the airport can safely handle, there are plans to extend the taxiway to the full length of the runway, with the first {{convert|395|m|ft}} extension completed in March 2024.<ref name="x720">{{cite web |title=Ahmedabad Airport Master Plan NATS Review |url=https://aera.gov.in/uploads/stack_holder/16662542305366.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250616092401/https://aera.gov.in/uploads/stack_holder/16662542305366.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2025 |website=aera.gov.in |date=6 July 2024 |access-date=20 July 2025}}</ref><ref name="o2162">{{cite web |date=22 March 2024 |title=Extended Taxi Way of Ahmedabad Airport opened |url=https://deshgujarat.com/2024/03/22/extended-taxi-way-of-ahmedabad-airport-opened/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240324061149/https://deshgujarat.com/2024/03/22/extended-taxi-way-of-ahmedabad-airport-opened/ |archive-date=24 March 2024 |access-date=20 July 2025 |website=DeshGujarat}}</ref>

===Air traffic control tower===
As part of the airport modernisation process, the AAI announced that it would construct a new [[air traffic control]] (ATC) building that would include a new [[airport tower]] {{convert|65|m|ft}} in height.<ref name="ATCautomated">{{cite news|title= Air traffic control at Ahmedabad airport to be automated |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-air-traffic-control-at-ahmedabad-airport-to-be-automated-1495588 |first=Satish |last=Jha |date=17 January 2011 |work=[[DNA (newspaper)|DNA]] |location=Ahmedabad |access-date=24 March 2015}}</ref>

==Terminals==

===Terminal 1===
[[File:AMD2.jpg|alt=Vaikundaraja.s|thumb|Exterior of Terminal 1]]

Terminal 1 is used for domestic flights. It has 32 [[Airport check-in|check-in counters]] and has an area of {{convert|45000|m2|sqft|abbr=on}}.

In December 2018, a new Plaza Premium lounge was opened at Terminal 1.{{cn|date=December 2025}}

===Terminal 2===
[[File:Ahmedabad Airport Terminal 2.jpg|thumb|Exterior of Terminal 2]]
[[File:Terminal 2 from inside.jpg|thumb|Interior of Terminal 2]]

Terminal 2 was inaugurated on 5 July 2010 and opened for international flights on 15 September 2010. The terminal won the award for the best Steel Structure at the 2009 edition of the National Structural Steel Design and Construction Awards.<ref name="T2award">{{cite news|title= New Ahmedabad airport terminal wins award |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-new-ahmedabad-airport-terminal-wins-award-1501588 |first=Satish |last=Jha |date=1 February 2011 |work=[[Daily News and Analysis]] |location=Ahmedabad |access-date=24 March 2015}}</ref> The terminal has four [[aerobridges]] and 32 check-in counters. With a total floor area of approximately 41,000 sq. metres, this terminal will be able to accommodate around 1,600 passengers at any given time. In November 2018, a new Plaza Premium<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.plazapremiumlounge.com/find/india-middle-east/india/ahmedabad/sardar-vallabhbhai-patel-international-airport?stype=All |title=Plaza Premium |access-date=20 December 2018 |archive-date=20 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181220230900/https://www.plazapremiumlounge.com/find/india-middle-east/india/ahmedabad/sardar-vallabhbhai-patel-international-airport?stype=All |url-status=dead }}</ref> lounge was opened at the international departures area of Terminal 2, which caters for [[business class]] and [[first class (aviation)|first class]] passengers as well as passengers holding Priority Pass<ref>[https://www.prioritypass.com/en/lounges/india/ahmedabad-svbp-international/amd2-plaza-premium-lounge Priority Pass]</ref> and other bank cards. The new {{convert|51975|sqm|adj=mid}} apron area can accommodate nine [[Airbus A320|A-321]] and four [[ATR-72]] type of aircraft.{{cn|date=December 2025}}

===Cargo terminal===
The airport handled 51,637 tonnes of cargo in 2013–14. Sixty per cent of the cargo came from domestic sources.<ref name="dedicatedcargo">{{cite news|title=Ahmedabad airport to get dedicated cargo terminal |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/Ahmedabad-airport-to-get-dedicated-cargo-terminal/articleshow/38480698.cms |first=Piyush |last=Mishra |date=16 July 2014 |work=[[Times of India]] |location=Ahmedabad |access-date=24 March 2015}}</ref> In 2009, {{convert|3685|sqm|sqft}} of land was leased for a period of seven years out by the AAI to Gujarat Agro Industries Corporation to set up a center for perishable cargo. However, due to a government policy that prevented third-party operations at airports run by the AAI, the CPC was not in use until July 2014, when the minister of state for civil aviation announced that the government had issued a [[No Objection Certificate]] for commencement of operations.<ref name="perishablesoon">{{cite news|title=Ahmedabad airport's perishable cargo centre to begin services soon |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Ahmedabad-airports-perishable-cargo-centre-to-begin-services-soon/articleshow/38430232.cms |first=Piyush |last=Mishra |date=15 July 2014 |work=[[Times of India]] |location=Ahmedabad |access-date=24 March 2015}}</ref> In 2014, it was announced that the airport would be getting a dedicated cargo terminal which is expected to come up at Terminal 3.<ref name="dedicatedcargo" />

==Airlines and destinations==

===Passenger===


{{Airport-dest-list

| [[Air Arabia]] | [[Zayed International Airport|Abu Dhabi]],<ref>{{OAGWorldMay2025Ref|title=Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates AUH|pages=13-15}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.aeroroutes.com/eng/220427-3lmay22in|title=Air Arabia Abu Dhabi Further Expands India Service Mid-May 2022|work=Aeroroutes|access-date=27 April 2022}}</ref> [[Sharjah International Airport|Sharjah]]<ref>{{OAGWorldMay2025Ref|title=Sharjah, United Arab Emirates SHJ|pages=1056-1057}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.airarabia.com/en/flights-to-ahmedabad|title=Flights from Ahmedabad|publisher=[[Air Arabia]]|access-date=6 December 2021}}</ref>

| [[Air India]] | [[Indira Gandhi International Airport|Delhi]], [[Gatwick Airport|London–Gatwick]], [[Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport|Mumbai]]

| [[Air India Express]] | [[Kempegowda International Airport|Bengaluru]]<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.financialexpress.com/business/airlines-aviation-air-india-express-launches-daily-bengaluru-flights-to-ahmedabad-chandigarh-and-dehradun-from-sept-1-check-fares-here-3947488/|title=Air India Express launches new flights from Bangalore to ahmedabad-chandigarh-and-dehradun }}</ref>, [[Dehradun Airport|Dehradun]]<ref name="DH2026">{{cite news|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/amp/story/india/air-india-express-introduces-eleven-new-routes-to-summer-schedule-3983841|title=Air India Express introduces eleven new routes to summer schedule|work=Deccan Herald|date=28 April 2026}}</ref>, [[Chandigarh Airport|Chandigarh]]<ref name="DH2026"/>, [[Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport|Mumbai]]<ref name="DH2026"/>

| [[AirAsia]] | [[Kuala Lumpur International Airport|Kuala Lumpur–International]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.aeroroutes.com/eng/240117-akns24in|title=AirAsia NS24 India Network Additions|work=Aeroroutes|access-date=17 January 2024}}</ref>

| {{nowrap|[[Akasa Air]]}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Akasa Air Flight Network|url=https://www.akasaair.com/fly-with-akasa/flight-schedule|website=Akasa Air|access-date=29 October 2024}}</ref> | [[Zayed International Airport|Abu Dhabi]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://x.com/AkasaAir/status/1858487825500631393|date=18 November 2024|access-date=18 November 2024|title=Akasa Air launches flights from Abu Dhabi to Ahmedabad and Bengaluru}}</ref> [[Kempegowda International Airport|Bengaluru]], [[Indira Gandhi International Airport|Delhi]], [[Manohar International Airport|Goa–Mopa]], [[Gwalior Airport|Gwalior]], [[King Abdulaziz International Airport|Jeddah]],<ref>{{cite web|title=Akasa Air Adds Jeddah from July 2024|url=https://www.akasaair.com/destinations|website=Akasa Air|access-date=11 May 2024}}</ref> [[Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose International Airport|Kolkata]], [[Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport|Mumbai]], [[Pune Airport|Pune]], [[Bagdogra Airport|Siliguri]]

| {{nowrap|[[Alliance Air (India)|Alliance Air]]}}<ref name="AA">{{cite web|title=Flight Schedule|url= https://www.allianceair.in/book|website=Alliance Air|access-date=3 May 2026}}</ref> | [[Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport|Mumbai]], [[Jalgaon Airport|Jalgaon]], [[Keshod Airport|Keshod]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://centreforaviation.com/news/alliance-air-to-commence-ahmedabad-keshod-service-in-oct-2024-1285577|title=Alliance Air to commence Ahmedabad-Keshod service in Oct-2024|work=CAPA|access-date=12 October 2024}}</ref>

| [[Emirates (airline)|Emirates]] | [[Dubai International Airport|Dubai–International]]<ref name="ReferenceA">{{OAGWorldMay2025Ref|title=Dubai, United Arab Emirates DXB|pages=337-343}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Emirates Flight Schedule|url=https://www.emirates.com/in/english/book/flight-schedules/results/AMD/DXB/|publisher=[[Emirates (airline)|Emirates]]|access-date=1 December 2021}}</ref>

| [[Etihad Airways]] | [[Zayed International Airport|Abu Dhabi]]<ref>{{OAGWorldAug2025Ref|title=Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates AUH|pages=14-16}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.etihad.com/en-in/destinations|title=Etihad Destinations|access-date=6 December 2021}}</ref>

| [[FitsAir]] | [[Bandaranaike International Airport|Colombo–Bandaranaike]]<ref>{{cite news |title=City of Dreams partners with FitsAir for direct Ahmedabad-Colombo flights |work=[[The Island (Sri Lanka)|The Island]] |access-date=15 March 2026 |url=https://island.lk/city-of-dreams-partners-with-fitsair-for-direct-ahmedabad-colombo-flights/}}</ref>

| [[Flydubai]] | [[Dubai International Airport|Dubai–International]]<ref name="ReferenceA">{{OAGWorldMay2025Ref|title=Dubai, United Arab Emirates DXB|pages=337-343}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Flydubai Resumption of Flights|url=https://www.flydubai.com/en/plan/covid-19/resumption-of-flights|access-date=1 December 2021}}</ref>

| [[IndiGo]] | [[Zayed International Airport|Abu Dhabi]],<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/business/companies/indigo-launches-new-flights-to-abu-dhabi-from-lucknow-ahmedabad-details-here-10884461.html/amp|title=IndiGo launches new flights to Abu Dhabi from Lucknow, Ahmedabad; details here|work=Moneycontrol|date=30 June 2023|access-date=1 July 2023|language=en}}</ref> [[Agra Airport|Agra]], [[Sri Guru Ram Dass Jee International Airport|Amritsar]], [[Ayodhya International Airport|Ayodhya]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/ArenaJet/status/1734907167034208572|title=IndiGo to launch flights to Ayodhya from 10 January|work=JetArena|access-date=13 December 2023}}</ref> [[Kempegowda International Airport|Bengaluru]], [[Raja Bhoj Airport|Bhopal]], [[Biju Patnaik Airport|Bhubaneswar]], [[Chandigarh Airport|Chandigarh]], [[Chennai International Airport|Chennai]], [[Coimbatore International Airport|Coimbatore]], [[Dehradun Airport|Dehradun]], [[Indira Gandhi International Airport|Delhi]], [[Diu Airport|Diu]],<ref>{{cite news|title=IndiGo's newest connection: Diu linked directly to Ahmedabad & Surat|url=http://www.uniindia.com/~/indigo-s-newest-connection-diu-linked-directly-to-ahmedabad--surat/Business%20Economy/news/3066935.html|work=United News of India|date=10 October 2023|access-date=10 October 2023|language=en}}</ref> [[Dubai International Airport|Dubai–International]], [[Dabolim Airport|Goa–Dabolim]], [[Manohar International Airport|Goa–Mopa]],<ref>{{cite news|title=Goa's 2nd international airport starts operations, first flight lands from Hyderabad|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2023/Jan/05/goas-2nd-international-airport-starts-operations-firstflight-landsfrom-hyderabad-2534958.html|work=The New Indian Express|date=5 January 2023|access-date=5 January 2023|language=en}}</ref> [[Hindon Airport|Ghaziabad]], [[Lokpriya Gopinath Bordoloi International Airport|Guwahati]],<ref>{{cite news|title=IndiGo to start flights to 4 more cities from Ahmedabad next month|url=https://deshgujarat.com/2024/11/08/indigo-to-start-flights-to-4-more-cities-from-ahmedabad-next-month/|work=DeshGujarat|date=8 November 2024|access-date=9 November 2024|language=en}}</ref> [[Rajiv Gandhi International Airport|Hyderabad]], [[Devi Ahilya Bai Holkar Airport|Indore]], [[Jaipur International Airport|Jaipur]], [[Jaisalmer Airport|Jaisalmer]],<ref>{{cite news|last=Sengupta|first=Joy|title=IndiGo announces connectivity to Jaisalmer|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/indigo-announces-connectivity-to-jaisalmer/articleshow/102917084.cms|work=The Times of India|date=21 August 2023|access-date=22 August 2023|language=en}}</ref> [[Jammu Airport|Jammu]],{{citation needed|date=June 2024}} [[King Abdulaziz International Airport|Jeddah]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/trends/indigo-announces-6-new-international-routes-see-list-of-daily-flights-10622011.html|title=IndiGo announces six new international routes|date=19 May 2023 }}</ref> [[Jodhpur Airport|Jodhpur]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.goindigo.in/|title=IndiGo Ahmedabad Jodhpur|work=IndiGo|access-date=4 February 2021}}</ref> [[Kishangarh Airport|Kishangarh]], [[Cochin International Airport|Kochi]], [[Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose International Airport|Kolkata]], [[Kuwait International Airport|Kuwait City]], [[Chaudhary Charan Singh Airport|Lucknow]], [[Navi Mumbai International Airport|Mumbai–Navi]],<ref name="QP6E-NMI">{{cite news |last=S |first=Naresh |title=IndiGo, Akasa Air to launch new flight routes from Navi Mumbai on December 25 |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/indigo-akasa-air-launch-new-flight-routes-from-navi-mumbai-date-10367157/ |publisher=The Indian Express |date=15 November 2025 |access-date=15 November 2025}}</ref> [[Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport|Mumbai]], [[Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar International Airport|Nagpur]], [[Nashik Airport|Nashik]],<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.aeroroutes.com/eng/230307-6edom|title=Indigo 1H23 Domestic Routes Addition Summary – 05MAR23|work=Aeroroutes|access-date=7 March 2023}}</ref> [[Jay Prakash Narayan Airport|Patna]], [[Pune Airport|Pune]], [[Swami Vivekananda Airport|Raipur]], [[Birsa Munda Airport|Ranchi]], [[Srinagar Airport|Srinagar]], [[Thiruvananthapuram International Airport|Thiruvananthapuram]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://centreforaviation.com/news/indigo-to-commence-ahmedabad-thiruvananthapuram-service-in-dec-2024-1286656|title=IndiGo to commence Ahmedabad-Thiruvananthapuram service in Dec-2024|work=CAPA|access-date=21 October 2024}}</ref> [[Lal Bahadur Shastri Airport|Varanasi]]

| [[Iran Air]] | [[Mashhad Shahid Hasheminejad International Airport|Mashhad]]<ref name="expandnw25">{{cite web |last1=Liu |first1=Jim |title=Iran Air Expands Mashhad International Network in NW25 |url=https://www.aeroroutes.com/eng/250929-irnw25mhd |website=AeroRoutes |access-date=30 September 2025 |language=en-CA |date=30 September 2025}}</ref>

| {{nowrap|[[Iraqi Airways]]}} | [[Al Najaf International Airport|Najaf]]

| [[Jazeera Airways]]| [[Kuwait International Airport|Kuwait City]]<ref>{{cite web |title=JAZEERA AIRWAYS RESUMES 2 INDIA ROUTES IN 4Q24|url=https://www.aeroroutes.com/eng/240812-j94q24in|website=Aeroroutes |access-date=12 August 2024}}</ref>

| [[Kuwait Airways]] | [[Kuwait International Airport|Kuwait City]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.kuwaitairways.com/en/destinations/Pages/Indian-SubContinent.aspx|title=Kuwait Airways Destinations in Indian sub-continent|publisher=[[Kuwait Airways]]|access-date=21 December 2021}}</ref>

| [[Malaysia Airlines]] | [[Kuala Lumpur International Airport|Kuala Lumpur–International]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.aeroroutes.com/eng/230902-mhnw23in|title=Malaysia Airlines Further Expands India Network in NW23|work=Aeroroutes|access-date=2 September 2023}}</ref>

| [[Qatar Airways]] | [[Hamad International Airport|Doha]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.airlineroutemaps.com/maps/Qatar_Airways/Asia_Australia|title=Qatar Airways Route Map|access-date=7 December 2021}}</ref>

| {{nowrap|[[Singapore Airlines]]}} | [[Changi Airport|Singapore]]<ref>{{OAGWorldAug2025Ref|title=Singapore, Singapore SIN|pages=1214-1219}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/companies/singapore-airlines-to-resume-services-across-india/article37758988.ece|title=Singapore Airlines to resume services across India|website=www.thehindubusinessline.com|date=29 November 2021 }}</ref>

| [[SpiceJet]]<ref name="SpiceJet Schedule">{{cite web|url= https://corporate.spicejet.com/schedules.aspx|title=SpiceJet Flight Schedule|work=SpiceJet|access-date=29 October 2024}}</ref> | [[Darbhanga Airport|Darbhanga]], [[Indira Gandhi International Airport|Delhi]], [[Dehradun Airport|Dehradun]], [[Dubai International Airport|Dubai–International]], [[Manohar International Airport|Goa–Mopa]], [[Jaipur International Airport|Jaipur]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://deshgujarat.com/2024/11/16/spicejet-adds-another-ahmedabad-jaipur-direct-flight/|title=SpiceJet adds another Ahmedabad-Jaipur direct flight|work=deshgujarat|date=16 November 2024 |access-date=16 November 2024}}</ref> [[Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose International Airport|Kolkata]], [[Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport|Mumbai]], [[Sharjah International Airport|Sharjah]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.business-standard.com/amp/markets/capital-market-news/spicejet-launches-ahmedabad-sharjah-flights-126012000368_1.html|title=SpiceJet launches Ahmedabad-Sharjah flights|work=business-standard|date=20 January 2026 |access-date=20 January 2026}}</ref> [[Srinagar International Airport|Srinagar]] '''Charter:''' [[Al Najaf International Airport|Najaf]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=SpiceJet Adds Najaf Charter Flights From Oct 2025|url=https://www.aeroroutes.com/eng/251002-sgnw25njf|website=Aeroroutes}}</ref>

| [[Star Air (India)|Star Air]] | [[Belgaum Airport|Belgaum]], [[Bhuj Airport|Bhuj]], [[Devi Ahilya Bai Holkar Airport|Indore]], [[Jamnagar Airport|Jamnagar]], [[Kolhapur Airport|Kolhapur]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://centreforaviation.com/news/star-air-india-to-commence-ahmedabad-kolhapur-service-in-oct-2024-1284632|title=Star Air India to commence Ahmedabad-Kolhapur service in Oct-2024|work=CAPA|access-date=21 October 2024}}</ref> [[Navi Mumbai International Airport|Mumbai–Navi]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/transportation/airlines-/-aviation/star-air-to-launch-flight-services-from-navi-mumbai-airport/articleshow/125985047.cms?from=mdr|title=Star Air to commence flights from and to Navi Mumbai International Airport|access-date=19 December 2025}}</ref> [[Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar International Airport|Nagpur]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://centreforaviation.com/news/star-air-india-to-commence-ahmedabad-nagpur-service-in-nov-2023-1232218|title=Star Air India to commence Ahmedabad-Nagpur service in Nov-2023|work=CAPA|access-date=2 November 2023}}</ref> [[Shri Guru Gobind Singh Ji Airport|Nanded]],<ref>{{cite web|title=Flight Schedule|url=https://ibook.starair.in/search-schedule|website=[[Star Air (India)|Star Air]]|access-date=17 March 2024}}</ref> [[Purnea Airport|Purnea]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.businessleague.in/flight-booking-started-from-purnia-airport-indigo-and-star-air-have-got-permission-to-fly/#google_vignette|title=Flight booking started from Purnia Airport, Indigo and Star Air have got permission to fly|work=Business League|date=4 September 2025 |accessdate=4 September 2025}}</ref>

| [[Thai AirAsia]] | [[Don Mueang International Airport|Bangkok–Don Mueang]]<ref name="ReferenceB">{{OAGWorldAug2025Ref|title=Bangkok, Thailand BKK|pages=109-113}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/ArenaJet/status/1688749673945980928|title=Thai AirAsia to resume flights to Ahmedabad from October 10|work=JetArena|access-date=8 August 2023}}</ref>

| {{nowrap|[[Thai Airways International]]}} | [[Suvarnabhumi Airport|Bangkok–Suvarnabhumi]]<ref name="ReferenceB">{{OAGWorldAug2025Ref|title=Bangkok, Thailand BKK|pages=109-113}}</ref><ref name="Thai Airways Ahmedabad">{{cite web|url=https://www.aeroroutes.com/eng/230824-tgwesep23amd|title=Thai Smile Moves Ahmedabad Service to Thai From Sep 2023|work=Aeroroutes|access-date=24 August 2023}}</ref>

| {{nowrap|[[Thai Lion Air]]}} | [[Don Mueang International Airport|Bangkok–Don Mueang]]<ref name="ReferenceB">{{OAGWorldAug2025Ref|title=Bangkok, Thailand BKK|pages=109-113}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://lionairthai.com/en/New-Route/Ahmedabad|title=Thai Lion Air to launch Ahmedabad-Bangkok direct flight from August}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.aeroroutes.com/eng/240717-slaug24amd|title=Thai Lion Air Adds Ahmedabad From August 2024|publisher=AeroRoutes|date=17 July 2024|access-date=17 July 2024}}</ref>

| [[Thai VietJet Air]] | [[Suvarnabhumi Airport|Bangkok–Suvarnabhumi]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Thai VietJet Air Adds Bangkok – Ahmedabad From Dec 2025 |url=https://www.aeroroutes.com/eng/250812-vzdec25amd |website=Aeroroutes |access-date=13 August 2025}}</ref>

| [[VietJet Air]] | [[Noi Bai International Airport|Hanoi]],<ref>{{OAGWorldAug2025Ref|title=Hanoi, Viet Nam HAN|pages=522-524}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Flights from Hanoi to Ahmedabad|url=https://www.vietjetair.com/en/select-flight|website=VietJet}}</ref> [[Tan Son Nhat International Airport|Ho Chi Minh City]]<ref>{{OAGWorldAug2025Ref|title=Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam SGN|pages=538-541}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Flights from Ho Chi Minh City to Ahmedabad|url=https://www.vietjetair.com/en/select-flight|website=VietJet}}</ref>

}}

===Cargo===
{{Airport-dest-list|3rdcoltitle={{Abbr|Refs.|References}}|3rdcolunsortable=yes
| [[Blue Dart Aviation]]| [[Indira Gandhi International Airport|Delhi]], [[Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport|Mumbai]] |<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bluedartaviation.com/corporatebg_net.htm|title=Destinations, Blue Dart Aviation|access-date=30 October 2021|archive-date=28 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200728223435/https://bluedartaviation.com/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

| [[Emirates SkyCargo]] | [[Al Maktoum International Airport|Dubai–Al Maktoum]] |

|[[Ethiopian Airlines Cargo]] | [[Addis Ababa Bole International Airport|Addis Ababa]] |

| [[Qatar Airways Cargo]] | [[Hamad International Airport|Doha]] |<ref name="QRcargo">{{cite news|title=Qatar Airways Cargo to launch freighter service to Ahmedabad on Feb 3 |url=http://www.gulf-times.com/eco.-bus.%20news/256/details/423910/-qatar-airways-cargo-to-launch-freighter-service-to-ahmedabad-on-feb-3 |date=19 January 2015 |work=Gulf Times |access-date=24 March 2015}}</ref>

| [[Turkish Cargo]] | [[Istanbul Airport|Istanbul]] |
}}

==Statistics==
{{Airport-Statistics|iata=AMD}}

==Future==
Due to growing demands and rise in passenger traffic, the airport will get a third passenger terminal beside Terminal 1, by moving the present cargo terminal to Terminal 2, which will increase the airport's capacity. Also, the existing parallel taxiway is being extended to match the length of the runway to increase aircraft handling capacity. After that, the airport could not be expanded due to limited space. To solve this problem, a [[Dholera International Airport|new airport]] at [[Dholera]], which is being developed into a new smart city, located {{cvt|107|km}} south-west from the present airport, is under construction, which will be the biggest airport in Gujarat with two parallel runways. Developed in three phases, the first phase of the airport will be completed by December 2025.<ref>{{cite news |date=6 February 2023 |title=Dholera International Airport Project In Gujarat |url=https://dholerasmartcityinfo.com/dholera-international-airport-in-gujarat/ |access-date=14 February 2025 |language=en}}</ref>

==Awards==
The airport was awarded as the ''Most Improved Airport in the [[Asia-Pacific|Asia-Pacific Region]]'' by the [[Airports Council International]] in 2017.<ref>{{cite news |title=Ahmedabad airport on a new high as most improved airport in Asia Pacific region|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/spotlight/ahmedabad-airport-on-a-new-high-as-most-improved-airport-in-asia-pacific-region/articleshow/63269327.cms |work=[[The Times of India]]|date=12 March 2018|access-date=8 March 2023|language=en}}</ref> In 2019, it received three awards for the ''Best Airport for Customer Service'', ''Best Airport for Environment and Ambience'' and ''Best Airport for Infrastructure and Facilitation'' from the Airport Service Quality (ASQ) Survey for 2019 conducted by Airports Council International.<ref>{{cite news|title=Ahmedabad airport bags three international awards|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/city-airport-bags-three-intl-awards/articleshow/71040171.cms|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=9 September 2019|access-date=8 March 2023|language=en}}</ref>

==Accidents and incidents==
*[[Indian Airlines Flight 113]], operating from [[Juhu Aerodrome|Mumbai]] to Ahmedabad, crashed on final approach to the airport on 19 October 1988; 133 people died, including all 6 crew members. The flight was cleared for a visual approach into a foggy airport, when it struck trees and a high-tension pylon {{Convert|5|km|abbr=on}} from Runway 23, crashing into a field and bursting into flames.
*[[Jet Airways|Jet Airways Flight 2510]], operating from [[Devi Ahilya Bai Holkar Airport|Indore]] to Ahmedabad, collapsed on the runway while landing at the airport on 22 July 2010. There were 57 passengers and 4 crew members on board the ATR flight. The nose wheel reportedly collapsed due to a tyre burst, causing some passengers to receive minor injuries.<ref>{{cite web|title=Plane's nose wheel collapses, passengers safe|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/planes-nose-wheel-collapses-passengers-safe/127298-3.html?from=tn|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100725195622/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/planes-nose-wheel-collapses-passengers-safe/127298-3.html?from=tn|url-status=dead|archive-date=25 July 2010|publisher=IBNLive.com|access-date=1 February 2011}}</ref>
*[[Air India Flight 171]], a [[Boeing 787-8 Dreamliner]] operating from Ahmedabad to [[Gatwick Airport|London Gatwick]], crashed shortly after takeoff in the suburb of Meghaninagar on 12 June 2025. Of the 242 passengers and crew on board, 241 died and one passenger survived the crash, while 19 people died on the ground. This was the first fatal accident and [[hull loss]] of a 787, which entered service in 2011.<ref>{{Cite news |date=28 June 2025 |last1=Pathak |first1=Maulik |title= Last victim identified in Air India Flight 171 crash; death toll reaches 260 |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/last-victim-identified-in-air-india-flight-171-crash-death-toll-reaches-260-101751087884058.html# |access-date=16 July 2025 |work=Hindustan Times }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last1=Hepher |first1=Tim |last2=Plucinska |first2=Joanna |date=12 June 2025 |editor-last=Richardson |editor-first=Alex |title=Air India disaster is first fatal Boeing 787 accident |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/india/air-india-disaster-is-first-fatal-boeing-787-accident-2025-06-12/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250614212649/https://www.reuters.com/world/india/air-india-disaster-is-first-fatal-boeing-787-accident-2025-06-12/ |archive-date=14 June 2025 |access-date=18 June 2025 |work=[[Reuters]]}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Airports in India]]
* [[List of busiest airports in India by passenger traffic]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Airports in Gujarat}}
* [https://www.adani.com/svpia-ahmedabad-airport Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel International Airport, Ahmedabad] – official website

{{Adani Group}}
{{Portal bar|India|Aviation}}
{{Airports in India}}
{{Airports in Gujarat}}
{{Ahmedabad topics}}

[[Category:Airports in Gujarat]]
[[Category:International airports in India]]
[[Category:Transport in Ahmedabad]]
[[Category:1937 establishments in India]]
[[Category:Airports established in 1937]]
[[Category:20th-century architecture in India]]
[[Category:Adani Group]]
[[Category:Memorials to Vallabhbhai Patel]]
[[Category:Airports Authority of India]]

Muhammad Shahidullah

2026-05-02T18:26:06Z

Frederickdube: put up article

{{Short description|Bengali linguist (1885–1969)}}
{{distinguish|Mohammad Shahidullah|Mohammed Shahidullah}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{more citations needed|date=August 2016}}
{{Lead too short|date=December 2020}}
}}
{{Use British English|date=July 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2016}}
{{Infobox religious biography
| name = Muhammad Shahidullah
| native_name = মুহম্মদ শহীদুল্লাহ
| native_name_lang = bn
| image = Mohammod Sohidullah.jpg
| caption = Shahidullah in a literary conference in [[Curzon Hall]], Dhaka (April 1954)
| birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1885|07|10}}
| birth_place = [[Basirhat|Peyara Village, Basirhat subdivision]], [[24 Parganas|24 Pargana]], [[Bengal Presidency|Bengal]], [[British Raj|British India]]<ref name="banglapedia" />
| alma_mater = {{unbulleted list | [[Sorbonne University]] | [[University of Calcutta]]}}
| occupation = {{flatlist|
* Linguist
* philologist
* writer
* educationalist
}}
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1969|7|13|1885|7|10}}
| death_place = [[Dacca]], [[East Pakistan]], Pakistan
| children = 9, including [[Muhammad Takiullah]] and [[Murtaja Baseer]]
| spouse = Marguba Khatun
| awards = [[Independence Day Award]] (1980)
| honours = [[Ordre des Arts et des Lettres|Chevalier de l'Ordre des Arts et des Lettres]] (1967)
| religion = [[Islam]]
| denomination = [[Sunni]]
| jurisprudence = [[Hanafi]]
| creed = [[Maturidi]]
| disciple_of = [[Mohammad Abu Bakr Siddique]]
}}
'''Muhammad Shahidullah''' ({{langx|bn|মুহম্মদ শহীদুল্লাহ}}; 10 July 1885 – 13 July 1969) was a [[Bengali people|Bengali]] linguist, philologist, educationist, and writer. He played a vital role in Bangladesh's Language movement of 1952. He is primarily credited for being the one to justify why Bengali should be the state language of Pakistan over Urdu.<ref name=banglapedia>{{cite book |author=Badiuzzaman |chapter=Shahidullah, Muhammad |chapter-url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Shahidullah,_Muhammad |title=Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh |editor=Sirajul Islam and Ahmed A. Jamal |publisher=[[Asiatic Society of Bangladesh]] |year=2012 |edition=Second}}</ref>

In 2004, he was ranked number 16 in the [[BBC]]'s opinion poll ''[[Greatest Bengali of all time]]''.<ref>{{Cite news |title=BBC Listeners' Poll – Bangabandhu judged greatest Bangali of all time |url=https://archive.thedailystar.net/2004/04/16/d4041601066.htm |newspaper=[[The Daily Star (Bangladesh)|The Daily Star]] |date=16 April 2004 |access-date=2018-01-11}}</ref> According to linguist [[Pabitra Sarkar]], Shahidullah is one of the best scholars of linguistics that South Asia ever produced.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Sarkar |first=Pabitra |author-link=Pabitra Sarkar |date=2022-07-18 |title=Dr Muhammad Shahidullah: A tribute |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/opinion/in-focus/news/dr-muhammad-shahidullaha-tribute-3072711 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240621195537/https://www.thedailystar.net/opinion/in-focus/news/dr-muhammad-shahidullaha-tribute-3072711 |archive-date=2024-06-21 |access-date=2025-05-10 |work=The Daily Star |type=Opinion |language=en}}</ref> A residential hall at Dhaka University has been named after him since 1969.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dr. Muhammad Shahidullah Hall |url=https://www.du.ac.bd/hall/HSH |access-date=2025-05-10 |website=Dhaka University}}</ref>

==Early life and education==
[[File:Shahidulla.jpg|thumb|Young Shahidullah]]
Muhammad Ibrahim was born on 10 July 1885 in the village of Peyara in the erstwhile Bengal Presidency's [[24 Parganas]] district. His mother, Harunnesa, later changed his name to Muhammad Shahidullah.<ref name="Sen1998p4-5">{{cite book |last1=Sen |first1=Subhadra Kumar |title=Muhammad Shahidullah |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sB9bjaxizogC |year=1998 |location=Calcutta |publisher=Sahitya Akademi |isbn=81-260-0492-4 |pages=4–5}}</ref> His father, Mafizuddin Ahmed, was a warden of the shrine of [[Pir Gorachand]].<ref name="banglapedia" /> Shahidullah was their sixth child. He grew up with three brothers and three sisters.<ref name="Sen1998p4-5" />

Shahidullah passed his school final entrance exam in 1904 from [[Howrah Zilla School]]. In 1906, he passed the FA exam from [[Presidency College, Kolkata|Presidency College]] in [[Kolkata]]. He received the Bachelor of Arts degree with Honours in [[Sanskrit]] in 1910 from [[City College, Kolkata]], and his Master of Arts degree in 1912 in comparative philology from the [[University of Calcutta]]. He earned his PhD degree from [[University of Paris|Sorbonne University]] in 1928 for his research on the dialects of the [[Charyapada]].<ref name=banglapedia/> He was the first Bengali Muslim to receive this doctorate degree. He was also a ''[[murid]]'' (disciple) of [[Mohammad Abu Bakr Siddique]], the inaugural [[Furfura Sharif|Pir of Furfura]], from whom he received mystic education and ''[[Khalifah (Sufism)|khilafah]]'' (spiritual succession).<ref>{{cite news |script-title=bn:ফুরফুরা শরীফের যুব সংস্কারক |url=https://www.dailyjanakantha.com/details/article/409720/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%99%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%97-%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE-%E0%A6%AB%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%AB%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE-%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AB%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AC-%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%95/ |access-date=2022-04-14 |author=Abdul Qayyum, Hasan |work=[[Janakantha]] |date=15 March 2019 |language=bn}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=15 March 2019 |author=Abdul Qayyum, Hasan |script-title=bn:যুগসংস্কারক মওলানা আবু বকর সিদ্দিকী (রহ) |url=https://www.ittefaq.com.bd/36847/%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%95-%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%93%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE-%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%81-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%80-%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%B9 |access-date=2022-04-14 |work=[[The Daily Ittefaq]] |language=bn}}</ref>

==Career==
Shahidullah began his career by teaching at [[Jashore Zilla School|Jessore Zila School]] in 1908. After working as the headmaster of Sitakunda High School for some time in 1914, he practiced law at Bashirhat in 24 Parganas. In 1915, he was elected as vice-chairman of the town's municipality.

At the invitation of [[Ashutosh Mukherjee|Sir Ashutosh Mukherjee]], he joined the [[University of Calcutta]] as Sharatchandra Lahiri Research Fellow (1919–21) under [[Dinesh Chandra Sen]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Ahasan |first=Nazmul |date=20 February 2018 |title=Shahidullah, a linguist and language activist |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/supplements/amar-ekushey-2018/shahidullah-linguist-and-language-activist-1537948 |website=The Daily Star}}</ref> In 1920, he published "one of his most important papers titled “Outlines of an Historical Grammar of the Bengali Language” in the Journal of the Department of Letters of the University of Calcutta."<ref name=":0" />

In 1921, he joined the [[University of Dhaka]] as a lecturer in 1921 in Sanskrit and Bangla. During his period at the University of Dhaka, he did research on the origins of the Bengali language. In 1925, he presented his thesis that Bangla as a language originated from Gaudi or [[Magadhi Prakrit]]. He was principal of Bogra Azizul Huq College from 1944 to 1948. He then returned to the University of Dhaka, serving as head of the Bangla Department and dean of the Faculty of Arts. He taught part-time at the Law Department (1922–25) and the International Relations Department as a teacher of French (1953–55). He worked as head of the Bangla and Sanskrit Department of the University of Rajshahi (1955–58).<ref>{{cite news |title=Dr. Muhammad Shahidullah: Exploring the roots of Language |url=http://www.thedailystar.net/news-detail-193687 |work=The Daily Star |access-date=22 February 2018 |language=en |date=11 July 2011}}</ref>

He served as an editor for the [[Islami Bishwakosh]] project for a while.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.prothomalo.com/nagorik-sangbad/article/1668028/%E0%A6%A1.-%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A6-%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%B9%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B9%E0%A7%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%83%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC-%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8B-%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC |script-title=bn:ড. মুহম্মদ শহীদুল্লাহ্‌র কৃতিত্ব ভোলার মতো নয় |author=Muhammad Zafar Ali |date=10 July 2020 |work=[[Prothom Alo]] |language=bn}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.jugantor.com/todays-paper/features/islam-and-life/69362/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9E%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%B8-%E0%A6%A1.-%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A6-%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%B9%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B9-%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A7%9F%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9B%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8 |script-title=bn:জ্ঞানতাপস ড. মুহম্মদ শহীদুল্লাহ অকাতরে বিদ্যা বিলিয়েছেন |author=Sharif Uddin Peshawar |date=13 July 2018 |work=[[Jugantor]] |language=bn}}</ref>{{Clarify timeframe|date=April 2026}}

Muhammad Shahidullah's mastery of different languages was widely regarded as impressive and outstanding. He was fluent in 24 languages and had working knowledge of 18 languages. Some of the notable languages are [[Bengali language|Bengali]], [[Urdu]], [[Persian language|Persian]], [[Arabic]], English, French, [[Assamese language|Assamese]], [[Odia language|Oriya]], [[Maithili language|Maithili]], [[Hindi]], [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]], [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]], [[Marathi language|Marathi]], [[Kashmiri language|Kashmiri]], [[Nepali language|Nepali]], [[Sinhala language|Sinhala]], [[Tibetic languages|Tibetan]], [[Sindhi language|Sindhi]], [[Sanskrit]], [[Pali]], etc.<ref>{{cite news |author=Ahasan |first=Nazmul |date=February 21, 2018 |title=Shahidullah, a linguist and language activist |script-title= |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/supplements/amar-ekushey-2018/shahidullah-linguist-and-language-activist-1537948 |work=The Daily Star}}</ref>

==Noteworthy books==
* Sindabad Saodagarer Galpa (The Stories of the Merchant Sindbad, 1922)
* Bhasa O Sahitya (Language and Literature, essays, 1931)
* Bangala Byakaran (Bangla Grammar, 1936)
* Diwan-i-Hafiz (Poems of Hafiz, translation, 1938)
* Shikwah O Jawab-i-Shikwah (Questions and Their Answers, translation from Iqbal, 1942)
* Rubaiyat-i-Omar Khaiyam (Quatrains of Omar Khayyam, translation, 1942)
* Essays on Islam (1945)
* Amader Samasya (Our Problems, essays, 1949)
* Padmavati (Volume I editor, 1950)
* Bangla Sahityer Katha (History of Bangla Literature, Volume I in 1953, Volume II in 1965)
* Vidyapati Shatak (Collection of Vidyapati's Songs, text analysis, 1954)
* Bangla Adab Ki Tarikh (History of Bangla Literature, essays, in Urdu, 1957)
* Bangla Sahityer Itihas (History of Bangla Literature, 1957)
* Bangala Bhasar Itibritta (History of Bangla Language, 1959)
* Amarkabya (Unforgettable Poetical Works, 1963)
* Sekaler Rupkatha (Fairy Tales of Ancient Time), 1965<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.londoni.co/index.php/58-history-of-bangladesh/biography/dr-muhammad-shahidullah/254-dr-muhammad-shahidullah-advancement-of-bangla-language-awards-passing-burial-biography-of-muslim-and-bengali |title=Dr. Muhammad Shahidullah - advancement of Bangla language, awards, passing & burial - biography of Muslim and Bengali |website=Londoni}}</ref>
* Les Chants Mystiques de Kanha et de Saraha [The Mystic Songs], 1928, Adrien Maisonneuve.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Shahidullah |first=Muhammad |date=1928 |title=Les chants mystiques de Kāṇha et de Saraha |trans-title=The Mystic Songs of Kanha and Saraha |language=fr |url=https://archive.org/details/shahidullahleschantsmystiques/page/n1/mode/2up |access-date=October 25, 2022}}</ref>

==Family==
Shahidullah had seven sons and two daughters - Mohammad Raziullah, Mohammad Safiyullah, Mohammad Waliullah, A K Mohammad Zakiyullah, Mohammad Taqiullah, Mohammad Naqiullah, Mohammad Bashirullah, Mohzuza Haque ({{nee|Khatun}}), Masrura Haque ({{nee|Khatun}}). Zakiyullah, established a school named ''Dr. Shahidullah Gyanpith'' in [[Old Dhaka]] and a research library named ''Dr. Shahidullah Memorial Library and Language Research Center'' in Senpara Parbata, Mirpur, [[Dhaka]]. Naqiyyullah studied at [[George Washington University]] in the United States, and settled in [[Cairo]], Egypt, after serving as a pathologist in Saudi Arabia. Bashirullah, known popularly as [[Murtaja Baseer]], is an [[Independence Award]] winning painter.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.londoni.co/index.php/58-history-of-bangladesh/biography/dr-muhammad-shahidullah/252-dr-muhammad-shahidullah-early-life-of-gyantaposh-education-family-life-career-biography-of-muslim-and-bengali |title=Dr. Muhammad Shahidullah - early life of Gyantaposh, education, family life, career - biography of Muslim and Bengali |website=Londoni}}</ref>

==Awards and honors==
[[File:Dr Shahidulla's tomb.jpg|thumb|Shahidullah's tomb at the [[University of Dhaka]] campus]]
Shahidullah was made professor emeritus by the University of Dhaka (1967) for his lifetime contribution to research on language and literature. He was also awarded the [[Ordre des Arts et des Lettres|Chevalier de l'Ordre des Arts et des Lettres]] by the [[French government]] in 1967 for his academic contribution to language and literature.<ref name=banglapedia/> In 1980, the [[government of Bangladesh]] awarded him the [[Independence Day Award|Independence Award]] posthumously.

==Eponyms==
* [[Dr. Muhammad Shahidullah Hall]]
* Dr. Muhammad Shahidullah Academic Building, [[Rajshahi University]]
* [[Chandraketugarh Sahidullah Smriti Mahavidyalaya]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* {{citation |author=Khondkar Serajul Huq |chapter=Muslim Sahitya-Samaj |chapter-url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Muslim_Sahitya-Samaj |title=Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh |editor=Sirajul Islam and Ahmed A. Jamal |publisher=[[Asiatic Society of Bangladesh]] |year=2012 |edition=Second}}

{{Bengal Renaissance}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Shahidullah, Muhammad}}
[[Category:1885 births]]
[[Category:1969 deaths]]
[[Category:Bengali educators]]
[[Category:Presidency University, Kolkata alumni]]
[[Category:Translators of Omar Khayyám]]
[[Category:Linguists from Bengal]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian linguists]]
[[Category:Linguists from Pakistan]]
[[Category:Academic staff of the University of Dhaka]]
[[Category:University of Calcutta alumni]]
[[Category:University of Paris alumni]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Pride of Performance]]
[[Category:City College, Kolkata alumni]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Independence Award]]
[[Category:Chevaliers of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres]]
[[Category:Honorary Fellows of Bangla Academy]]
[[Category:19th-century Bengali people]]
[[Category:20th-century Bengali people]]
[[Category:Bengali Muslim scholars of Islam]]
[[Category:Writers from Dhaka]]
[[Category:People from South 24 Parganas district]]
[[Category:Writers from West Bengal]]
[[Category:Bengali-language writers]]
[[Category:Bengali writers]]
[[Category:Jashore Zilla School alumni]]

Bhoomi Shetty

2026-04-30T09:04:40Z

Frederickdube: Info!

{{short description|Indian Film Actor}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2021}}
{{Infobox person
| image =
| caption =
| birth_date =
| birth_place = [[Kundapura]], [[Karnataka]], India
| occupation = Actress
| years_active = 2017–present
}}

'''Bhoomika Shetty''' is an Indian actress known for her role in the [[Kannada]]-language television series ''Kinnari''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.voot.com/shows/kinnari/1/367806|title=Kinnari Kannada TV Serial|access-date=3 September 2021|archive-date=4 April 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160404081021/http://www.voot.com/shows/kinnari/1/367806|url-status=dead}}</ref> and Telugu series ''Ninne Pelladatha''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.zee5.com/tvshows/details/ninne-pelladatha/0-6-tvshow_1983239791|title= Ninne Pelladatha Telugu TV Serial}}telecast on Zee Telugu.</ref> She was a contestant in the reality television show ''[[Bigg Boss Kannada (season 7)|Bigg Boss Kannada]]'' and made it the finals. Shetty made her film debut with the 2021 Kannada film, ''[[Ikkat (film)|Ikkat]]''.<ref>{{cite news |title=Want to be an open book with no boundaries, says 'Ikkat' actor Bhoomi Shetty |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2021/jul/21/want-to-be-an-open-book-with-no-boundaries-saysikkat-actor-bhoomi-shetty-2333271.html |access-date=9 November 2021 |work=The New Indian Express |date=21 July 2021 |archive-date=9 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211109042551/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2021/jul/21/want-to-be-an-open-book-with-no-boundaries-saysikkat-actor-bhoomi-shetty-2333271.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Early life and family==
Bhoomi Shetty hails from [[Kundapura]], located in West coast [[Karavali]] region of [[Karnataka]]. She was born to Bhaskar and Baby Shetty in [[Kundapura]], [[Karanataka]]. She speaks fluent [[Kannada]] and [[Tulu language|Tulu]] and [[Telugu langauage|Telugu]]. Bhoomi Shetty has learnt [[Yakshagana]] during her school days.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Daithota |first1=Madhu |title=Performing Yakshagana on stage again was liberating for me: Bhoomi Shetty |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/performing-yakshagana-on-stage-again-was-liberating-for-me-bhoomi-shetty/articleshow/84943162.cms |website=The Times of India |access-date=9 November 2021 |language=en |date=2 April 2021}}</ref>

==Acting career==
Shetty made her acting debut in the television series ''Kinnari''. She played the lead character, Mani.<ref>{{cite web |title=Here's how Bhoomi Shetty is spending her lockdown days |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/kannada/heres-how-bhoomi-shetty-is-spending-her-lockdown-days/articleshow/83109833.cms |website=The Times of India |access-date=9 November 2021 |language=en |date=31 May 2021}}</ref> She also played the main role of Mrudula in [[Telugu language|Telugu]] serial ''Ninne Pelladatha''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.zee5.com/tvshows/details/ninne-pelladatha/0-6-tvshow_1983239791|title= Ninne Pelladatha Telugu TV Serial}}</ref> In 2019, she appeared as a contestant in the [[Bigg Boss Kannada (season 7)|seventh season]] of the reality TV show, ''[[Bigg Boss Kannada]]''. In 2021, she briefly starred in Telugu TV series ''[[Akka Chellelu (TV series)|Akka Chellelu]]''<ref>{{cite web |title=Bhoomi Shetty to replace Chaitra Rai in Attarintlo Akka Chellellu - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/telugu/bhoomi-shetty-to-replace-chaitra-rai-in-attarintlo-akka-chellellu/articleshow/80028116.cms |website=The Times of India |access-date=9 November 2021 |language=en |date=30 December 2020 |archive-date=9 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211109042551/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/telugu/bhoomi-shetty-to-replace-chaitra-rai-in-attarintlo-akka-chellellu/articleshow/80028116.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> and then made her film debut with Kannada film, ''[[Ikkat (film)|Ikkat]]'' premiered on [[Amazon Prime Video]].
==Filmography==
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Title
!Role
!Language
!Notes
|-
|2021
|''[[Ikkat (film)|Ikkat]]''
|Janvi "Jaanu"
|[[Kannada]]
|Debut film
|-
|2024
|''[[Sharathulu Varthisthai]]''
|Vijayashanthi
| rowspan="3" |[[Telugu language|Telugu]]
|
|-
|2025
|''[[Kingdom (2025 film)|Kingdom]]''
|Gauri
|
|-
| 2026
| {{pending film|Mahakali}}
| Maha
| Filming
|}

=== Television ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Title
!Role
!Language
!Channel
|-
| 2018 || ''Ninne Pelladatha'' || Mrudula || Telugu || [[Zee Telugu]]
|-
| 2019-2020 || ''[[Bigg Boss Kannada (season 7)]]'' || Contestant || Kannada || 4th runner-up
|-
| 2021 || ''[[Attarintlo Akka Chellelu]]'' || Dharani || Telugu || Replaced Chaitra Rai
|}

== Awards ==
Bhoomi Shetty won the Hyderabad Times, Most desirable woman of small screen for the year 2018.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://wirally.com/most-desirable-women-on-television-2018/#:~:text=20%2Dyear%2Dold%20chocolate%20beauty,which%20airs%20on%20Zee%20Telugu|title=15 Small Screen Women Who Made It Into ‘Hyderabad Times – 15 Most Desirable Women On Television 2018’|access-date=31 August 2021|archive-date=19 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230219130956/https://wirally.com/most-desirable-women-on-television-2018/#:~:text=20%2Dyear%2Dold%20chocolate%20beauty,which%20airs%20on%20Zee%20Telugu|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/telugu/small-screen-stunners/articleshow/68050891.cms|title=Small screen stunners|access-date=16 February 2025|archive-date=19 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230219130957/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/telugu/small-screen-stunners/articleshow/68050891.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Shetty, Bhoomi}}
[[Category:1998 births]]
[[Category:Actresses from Bengaluru]]
[[Category:People from Udupi district]]
[[Category:Kannada actresses]]
[[Category:Indian film actresses]]
[[Category:Actresses in Kannada cinema]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]
[[Category:Indian television actresses]]
[[Category:Actresses in Telugu television]]
[[Category:Actresses in Kannada television]]
[[Category:Living people]]

Sunil Kariattukara

2026-04-29T19:32:31Z

Frederickdube: New

{{more citations needed|date=September 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2019}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Sunil Kariattukara
| image = Sunil Kariattukara.jpg
| spouse =
| birth_date =
| birth_place = [[Kariattukara]], [[Kerala]], [[India]]
| death_date =
| birthname =
| yearsactive = 2000s - Present
| occupation = Film Director
| awards =
}}

'''Sunil Kariattukara''' is a filmmaker from [[Kerala]].

== Career ==
Sunil started his career with theatre in the early 1990s. He worked with Jain Joseph, [[K. Gireesh Kumar]], Prem Prakash, K.V Ganesh at that period. He directed a few plays and later associated to Root Theatre, Thrissur which was led by Jose Chiramel.

His passion towards visual arts moved him to cinema in late 1990s, started as an assistant director.

In the 2000s he was associate director to [[Rosshan Andrrews]], [[B. Unnikrishnan]], [[Priyanandanan]], [[Salim Ahamed]] etc. in their most successful projects.

His debut film, [[Chacko Randaaman]] released in 2006. Actor [[Kalabhavan Mani]] performed three different characters in the film. Second film [[Pakida]]<ref name="Pakida - The Hindu Article">{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/on-a-wild-ride/article5684032.ece|title=On a wild ride | date=13 February 2014 | first=Vijay | last=George | newspaper=The Hindu | accessdate=18 September 2019}}</ref> released in 2014 starring [[Biju Menon]], [[Asif Ali (actor)|Asif Ali]].

==Filmography==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year !! Title !! Director !! Associate Director
|-
| 2002 ||''[[Neythukaran]]'' || || {{Yes}}
|-
| 2005 ||''[[Udayananu Tharam]]'' || || {{Yes}}
|-
| 2006 ||''[[Notebook (2006 film)|Notebook]]'' || || {{Yes}}
|-
| 2006 ||''[[Chacko Randaaman]]'' ||{{Yes}} ||
|-
| 2006 ||''[[Smart City (film)|Smart City]]'' || || {{Yes}}
|-
| 2008 ||''[[Madampi]]'' || || {{Yes}}
|-
| 2009 ||''[[Evidam Swargamanu]]'' || || {{Yes}}
|-
| 2009 ||''[[I G Inspector General]]'' || || {{Yes}}
|-
| 2010 ||''[[Pramani]]'' || || {{Yes}}
|-
| 2010 ||''[[The Thriller]]'' || || {{Yes}}
|-
| 2012 ||''[[Grandmaster (2012 film)|Grandmaster]]'' || || {{Yes}}
|-
| 2011 ||''[[Adaminte Makan Abu]]'' || || {{Yes}}
|-
| 2014 ||''[[Pakida]]'' ||{{Yes}} ||
|-
| 2015 ||''[[Pathemari]]'' || || {{Yes}}
|-
| 2018 ||''[[Kammara Sambhavam]]'' || || {{Yes}}
|-
| 2022 || ''[[Theerppu]]''|| || {{Yes}}
|-
| 2023 ||''Picaso'' ||{{Yes}} ||
|-
| 2024 ||''[[Her (2024 film)|Her]]'' ||{{Yes}} ||
|}

==Television serials==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year !! Serial!! Channel !! Notes
|-
|2017-2018||''[[Kasthooriman (TV series)|Kasthooriman]]''||Asianet||
|-
|2018-2019||''[[Seetha Kalyanam (TV series)|Seethakalyanam]]''||Asianet||
|-
|2020||''[[Kudumbavilakku]]''||Asianet|||
|-
|2022–Present||''[[Bhavana (TV series)|Bhavana]]''||Surya TV||
|-
|2024-Present||'' [[Pavithram (TV series)|Pavithram]]''||Asianet||
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist|1}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sunil Kariattukara}}
[[Category:Malayalam film directors]]
[[Category:Film directors from Thrissur]]
[[Category:People from Thrissur district]]

List of alpine lakes in India

2026-04-29T15:51:22Z

Frederickdube: put up article

{{Short description|none}}{{Incomplete list|date=July 2021}}

This is list of [[alpine lake]]s in [[India]].
==Arunachal Pradesh==
[[File:Sela lake,Arunachal Pradesh.jpg|thumb|Sela lake, [[Arunachal Pradesh]]]]
* [[Sela Pass|Sela Lake]]<ref name="tawang">{{cite web |title=Other Important Attractions of Tawang District |url=http://tawang.nic.in/others.html |access-date=2013-04-18 |work=National Informatics Centre, Tawang (Arunachal Pradesh)}}</ref>
* Sungester Lake
* Mehao Lake
* Pangateng Tso
* Nagula Lake

==Himachal Pradesh==
[[File:Kailash Manimahesh.jpg|thumb|Kailash Manimahesh, [[Himachal Pradesh]]]]
* Dashaur Lake
* [[Bhrigu Lake]]<ref>{{cite web |title=BHRIGU LAKE TREK |url=https://www.himalayanfrontiers.com/activities/bhrigu-lake-trek |access-date=3 March 2024 |website=Himalayan Frontiers |publisher=Himalayan Frontiers Culture & Adventure Tours}}</ref>
* NeelKanth Mahadev Lake
* Ghepan Ghat
* Dyna Sar
* [[Manimahesh Lake]]
* [[Seruvalsar and Manimahesh Lake]]
* Chakund lake
* Kamrunag Lake
*Dhankar Lake

==Jammu and Kashmir==
[[File:Vishansar Lake.jpg|thumb|[[Vishansar Lake]], [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]]]]
* [[Gadsar Lake]]<ref name="Gadsar">{{cite book |author=Charles Metcalfe MacGregor |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Zf9tAAAAMAAJ&q=Gadsar+lake |title=Central Asia: section 1. A gazetteer of Kashmír |author2=Charles Ellison Bates |publisher=Barbican Publishing Company, 1995 |year=1995 |isbn=978-1-900056-85-4 |pages=188, 496– |access-date=31 July 2012}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Oligotrophic lakes in India and where to find them |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/travel/destinations/oligotrophic-lakes-in-india-and-where-to-find-them/photostory/92405797.cms?picid=92405908 |access-date=2025-05-20 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
* [[Gangabal]]
* [[Tarsar Lake]]
* [[Tulian lake]]
* [[Vishansar Lake]]
* [[Satsar Lake]]
* [[Marsar Lake]]
* [[Krishansar Lake]]
* [[Nundkol Lake]]
* [[Sheshnag]]
* [[Shilsar lake]]
* [[Bilsar lake]]
* [[Choharnag lake]]
* [[Kounsarnag lake]]
* [[Katarnag lake]]
* [[Sonsar lake]]
* [[Damamsar lake]]
* [[Nehnaag lake]]
* [[Khilanag lake]]
* [[Nandansar lake]]
* [[Yamsar lake]]
* [[Khamsar lake]]
* [[Trusar lake]]
* [[Salnaisar lake]]
* [[Boadsar lake]]
* [[Koulsar lake]]
* [[Anderisar lake]]
* [[Chunsar lake]]
* [[Durinar Lake]]
* [[Sorus lake]]
* [[Salnai Lake]]
* [[Royalsar Lake]]
* [[Harbagwan Lake]]
* [[Dodsar lake]]
* [[Magrusar Lake]]
* [[SheerazSar Lake]]
* [[Sarbal Lake]]
* [[Chamarsar Lake]]
* [[Kundapani]]
* [[Kaantarnag Lake]]
* [[MunawarSar Lake]]
* [[Charinag Lake]]
* [[Arshansar Lake]]
* [[Sonsar Lake]]
* [[Harnag Lake]]
* [[Mawarnag Lake]]

==Ladakh==
[[File:Karakoram-West Tibetan Plateau alpine steppe.jpg|thumb|[[Tso Moriri]], [[Ladakh]]]]
* [[Tso Moriri]]
* [[Pangong Tso]]
* [[Tso Kar]]
* Kyagar Tso
* [[Ryul Tso]]
* Chagar Tso
* Mirpal Tso
* Bangong Co
* Yaye Tso
*

==Sikkim==
[[File:Buddhist Flag flutters in GuruDongmar Lake.JPG|thumb|[[Gurudongmar Lake]], [[Sikkim]]]]
* [[Tsomgo Lake]]
* [[Menmecho Lake]]
* [[Gurudongmar Lake]]
* [[Tso Lhamo Lake]]
*Lampokhri
*Sikkim jumley pokhri
*Lakshmi pokhri
*
*

==Uttarakhand==
[[File:Kedar taal.jpg|thumb|Kedartal, [[Uttarakhand]]]]
* [[Roopkund]]
* [[Kedartal]]
* Hemkund Lake
* [[Satopanth Tal]]
* [[Dodital]]
* [[Dodital]]
* [[Bedini Bugyal]]
*Bisurital
*Brahmatal
*Deo Taal
*[[Chorabari Lake]]
*Kagbhusandi Tal
*[[Kedartal]]

==See also==
* [[Alpine lake]]
* [[Himalayas]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Glacial lakes of India|Alpine]]
[[Category:Lists of lakes of India|Alpine]]

List of 2025 Indian Premier League personnel changes

2026-04-25T02:59:41Z

Frederickdube: put up a info.

{{Short description|none}}
{{Featured list}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2025}}
{{Infobox sports draft
| name = 2025 Indian Premier League auction
| sport = [[Cricket]]
| dates = 24 – 25 November 2024
| time = 15:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]] (13:00 [[Saudi Arabia Standard Time|local]])
| location = [[Jeddah]], [[Saudi Arabia]]
| network = [[Star Sports (India)|Star Sports]] (TV) [[JioCinema]] (Digital)
| overall = 182
| rounds = 18
| league = [[2025 Indian Premier League]]
| teams = 10
| fewest = 14 by [[Rajasthan Royals]]
| most = 23 by [[Punjab Kings]]
| prev = [[List of 2024 Indian Premier League personnel changes|2024]]
| next = [[List of 2026 Indian Premier League personnel changes|2026]]
}}
{{2025 Indian Premier League Teams|main=y}}

The [[2025 Indian Premier League]] was the 18th edition of the [[Indian Premier League]] (IPL), a professional [[Twenty20]] (T20) [[cricket]] league held in India, organized by the [[Board of Control for Cricket in India]] (BCCI). It has been held annually since the [[2008 Indian Premier League|first edition in 2008]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Indian Premier League |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Indian-Premier-League |access-date=22 March 2025 |website=[[Britannica.com]] |language=en-uk|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250317155833/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Indian-Premier-League|archive-date=17 March 2025|url-status=live}}</ref> In July 2024, the [[Indian Premier League#Organization|IPL Governing Council]] held a meeting with the owners of the franchises and announced that a mega auction would be conducted ahead of the 2025 season.<ref>{{cite news|date=31 July 2024|title=IPL Owners Meeting – Update|url=https://www.iplt20.com/news/4107/ipl-owners-meeting-update|access-date=28 October 2024|website=[[IPLT20.com]]|archive-date=27 November 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241127050427/https://www.iplt20.com/news/4107/ipl-owners-meeting-update|url-status=live}}</ref> It was the sixth mega auction after [[List of 2008 Indian Premier League auctions and personnel signings|2008]], [[List of 2011 Indian Premier League personnel changes|2011]], [[List of 2014 Indian Premier League personnel changes|2014]], [[List of 2018 Indian Premier League personnel changes|2018]] and [[List of 2022 Indian Premier League personnel changes|2022]].<ref>{{cite web|date=10 September 2024|title=IPL 2025 Mega Auction: Date, time, venue, and what to expect|url=https://www.financialexpress.com/sports/ipl-2025-mega-auction-date-time-venue-and-what-to-expect/3606613|access-date=30 September 2024|work=[[Financial Express (India)|Financial Express]]|archive-date=7 October 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241007090811/https://www.financialexpress.com/sports/ipl-2025-mega-auction-date-time-venue-and-what-to-expect/3606613/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=30 September 2024|title=BCCI considering holding IPL 2025 auction overseas: Rajeev Shukla|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/cricket/story/ipl-auction-rajeev-shukla-overseas-2608899-2024-09-30|access-date=30 September 2024|work=[[India Today]]|archive-date=30 September 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240930181949/https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/cricket/story/ipl-auction-rajeev-shukla-overseas-2608899-2024-09-30|url-status=live}}</ref>

The franchises were required to submit their retention lists before 31 October 2024, and a total of 46 players were retained ahead of the auction. The auction was held on 24 and 25 November 2024 in [[Jeddah]], Saudi Arabia, with the auction purse for each franchise set at {{INRConvert|120|c}}, the highest in the history of the IPL. A total of 1,574 players registered for the auction, of which 574 players were shortlisted to feature in the auction and 182 were sold in the auction. [[Rishabh Pant]] became the most expensive player in the history of IPL when he was bought by the [[Lucknow Super Giants]] for {{INRConvert|27|c}},<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 November 2024 |title=IPL mega auction: Franchises break the bank as Rishabh Pant becomes the most expensive bid |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/ipl/top-stories/ipl-mega-auction-franchises-break-the-bank-as-rishabh-pant-becomes-the-most-expensive-bid/articleshow/115640033.cms |access-date=26 November 2024 |work=[[The Times of India]] |language=en |archive-date=26 November 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241126012442/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/ipl/top-stories/ipl-mega-auction-franchises-break-the-bank-as-rishabh-pant-becomes-the-most-expensive-bid/articleshow/115640033.cms |url-status=live}}</ref> surpassing {{INRConvert|26.75|c}} paid by the [[Punjab Kings]] for [[Shreyas Iyer]] earlier in the same auction,<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 November 2024 |title=IPL auction: Rishabh Pant breaks Shreyas Iyer's record, sold for Rs 27 crore to LSG |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/cricket/story/cricket-ipl-auction-rishabh-pant-record-costliest-lucknow-delhi-war-2639282-2024-11-24 |access-date=26 November 2024 |work=[[India Today]] |language=en |archive-date=24 November 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241124143359/https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/cricket/story/cricket-ipl-auction-rishabh-pant-record-costliest-lucknow-delhi-war-2639282-2024-11-24 |url-status=live }}</ref> and {{INRConvert|24.75|c}} paid by the [[Kolkata Knight Riders]] for [[Mitchell Starc]] in the [[List of 2024 Indian Premier League personnel changes|2024 auction]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-11-24 |title=IPL 2025 Auction: Shreyas Iyer hits the jackpot, smashes Mitchell Starc's record with Rs 26.75 cr deal|url=https://www.economictimes.com/news/sports/ipl-2025-auction-shreyas-iyer-sold-to-punjab-kings-for-rs-26-75-crore-most-expensive-player-in-ipl-history/articleshow/115623365.cms |access-date=2024-11-26 |work=[[The Economic Times]]|language=en}}</ref> [[Vaibhav Sooryavanshi]] became the youngest player sold in the IPL history at the age of 13 years, being bought by the [[Rajasthan Royals]] for {{INRConvert|1.1|c}}.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[ESPNcricinfo]]|url= https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ipl-2025-auction-rajasthan-royals-bag-vaibhav-suryavanshi-for-1-10-crore-1461735|date=25 November 2024|accessdate=26 November 2024|title= Bihar's Suryavanshi becomes youngest IPL player at just 13}}</ref>

Following the IPL's [[2025 Indian Premier League#Suspension and rescheduling|suspension and rescheduling]], it was announced that the franchises were allowed to sign temporary replacement players in place of unavailable players as the rescheduled fixtures clashed with the [[International cricket in 2025|international cricket calendar]], notably [[West Indian cricket team in Ireland in 2025|the West Indies' tour of Ireland]], [[West Indian cricket team in England in 2025|the West Indies' tour of England]] and [[2025 World Test Championship final|the World Test Championship final]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-05-13 |title=IPL 2025: Can teams sign replacements for players leaving on international duty mid-season? |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/cricket/ipl/ipl-news/ipl-2025-restart-player-replacement-rules-mid-season-international-duty-england-vs-west-indies/article69572248.ece |access-date=2025-05-24 |work=[[Sportstar]] |language=en |archive-date=16 June 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250616014109/https://sportstar.thehindu.com/cricket/ipl/ipl-news/ipl-2025-restart-player-replacement-rules-mid-season-international-duty-england-vs-west-indies/article69572248.ece |url-status=live }}</ref> These temporary replacement players were not available for [[List of 2026 Indian Premier League personnel changes|retention in the 2026 auction]].<ref>{{cite web |date=30 October 2024 |title=IPL to allow temporary replacements for last leg of 2025 season |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ipl-to-allow-franchises-sign-temporary-replacement-players-for-last-leg-of-2025-season-1485918 |access-date=23 May 2025 |publisher=[[ESPNcricinfo]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=IPL Allows Temporary Replacements Amid Rescheduled Matches, Foreign Players' Non-Availability |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/sports/cricket/ipl-allows-temporary-replacements-considering-non-availability-of-a-few-foreign-players-3540685 |access-date=2025-05-24 |work=[[Deccan Herald]] |language=en |archive-date=31 July 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250731064229/https://www.deccanherald.com/sports/cricket/ipl-allows-temporary-replacements-considering-non-availability-of-a-few-foreign-players-3540685 |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Pre-auction ==
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders"
|+ Retired players
! scope="col" | Date
! scope="col" | Name
! scope="col" | [[2024 Indian Premier League|2024 team]]
! scope="col" | {{abbr|Age|Age at the time of taking retirement}}
! scope="col" | {{Ref.}}
|-
| 1 June 2024
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Dinesh|Karthik}}
| [[Royal Challengers Bengaluru]] || 39 || <ref>{{cite news|title=Dinesh Karthik retires from all representative cricket|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/dinesh-karthik-retires-from-all-representative-cricket-1434318|access-date=1 June 2024|publisher=[[ESPNcricinfo]]|archive-date=3 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240603020920/https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/dinesh-karthik-retires-from-all-representative-cricket-1434318|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| 24 August 2024
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Shikhar|Dhawan}}
| [[Punjab Kings]] || 38 || <ref>{{cite news|title=Shikhar Dhawan retires from international and domestic cricket|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/shikhar-dhawan-retires-from-international-and-domestic-cricket-1448554|access-date=24 August 2024|publisher=[[ESPNcricinfo]]|archive-date=24 August 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240824093114/https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/shikhar-dhawan-retires-from-international-and-domestic-cricket-1448554|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| 4 November 2024
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Wriddhiman|Saha}}
| [[Gujarat Titans]] || 40 || <ref>{{cite news|title=Wriddhiman Saha to retire from cricket after Ranji Trophy season|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/wriddhiman-saha-to-retire-from-cricket-after-ranji-trophy-season-1458298|access-date=4 November 2024|publisher=[[ESPNcricinfo]]|archive-date=1 December 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241201142947/https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/wriddhiman-saha-to-retire-from-cricket-after-ranji-trophy-season-1458298|url-status=live}}</ref>
|}

== Player retention ==
=== Retention policy ===
The ten franchises were allowed to retain a maximum of six players each from their squad, the highest number allowed before any of the mega auctions. The six players could consist of a maximum of five [[capped]] players (including Indian and overseas players) and two uncapped players.<ref>{{cite web|date=29 September 2024|title=IPL 2025 mega auction salary purse, retention rules, and RTM explained|url=https://www.business-standard.com/cricket/news/ipl-2025-mega-auction-salary-purse-retention-rules-and-rtm-explained-124092900134_1.html|access-date=29 September 2024|work=[[Business Standard]]|archive-date=30 September 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240930015913/https://www.business-standard.com/cricket/news/ipl-2025-mega-auction-salary-purse-retention-rules-and-rtm-explained-124092900134_1.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The auction purse for each franchise was set at {{INRConvert|120|c}}, the highest in the history of the IPL.<ref>{{cite web |title=IPL 2025 Mega Auction: Report Says Franchise Purse To Increase From Rs 90 Crore to 120 Crore |url=https://sports.ndtv.com/cricket/ipl-governing-council-to-meet-on-saturday-evening-set-to-finalise-auction-retention-rule-6670161 |access-date=1 October 2024 |work=[[NDTV Sports]] |archive-date=1 October 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241001020644/https://sports.ndtv.com/cricket/ipl-governing-council-to-meet-on-saturday-evening-set-to-finalise-auction-retention-rule-6670161 |url-status=live}}</ref> Franchises were deducted a specific amount from the auction purse for every retained player. Franchises who did not retain the maximum number of players were allowed [[Indian Premier League#Players|Right-to-Match]] (RTM) cards at the auction.<ref>{{cite web |title=Franchises can now retain record number of players ahead of IPL 2025 auction, purse size gets bigger too; check all details here |url=https://thesportstak.com/cricket/indian-premier-league-22-mar-2024/story/franchises-can-now-retain-5-players-with-1-rtm-card-ahead-of-ipl-2025-auction-purse-size-gets-bigger-check-all-details-here-3101224-2024-09-28 |access-date=1 October 2024 |website=sportstak.com |date=28 September 2024 |archive-date=7 October 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241007090833/https://thesportstak.com/cricket/indian-premier-league-22-mar-2024/story/franchises-can-now-retain-5-players-with-1-rtm-card-ahead-of-ipl-2025-auction-purse-size-gets-bigger-check-all-details-here-3101224-2024-09-28 |url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Retained players ===
The franchises were required to submit their retention lists before 31 October 2024.<ref>{{cite web |title=Deadline For Submission Of Retention List For IPL 2025 Auction Revealed |url=https://news.abplive.com/sports/cricket/list-of-retained-released-players-for-ipl-2025-mega-auction-announced-check-date-1720752 |access-date=29 September 2024 |work=[[ABP News]] |date=29 September 2024 |archive-date=30 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240930020104/https://news.abplive.com/sports/cricket/list-of-retained-released-players-for-ipl-2025-mega-auction-announced-check-date-1720752 |url-status=live}}</ref>

* Sources: [[ESPNcricinfo]]<ref name="retain">{{cite web |date=30 October 2024 |title=IPL 2025 retentions: List of all the retained players ahead of the mega auction |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ipl-2025-retentions-list-list-of-players-retained-by-franchises-csk-kkr-srh-lsg-1457696 |access-date=30 October 2024 |publisher=[[ESPNcricinfo]] |archive-date=10 April 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250410063200/https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ipl-2025-retentions-list-list-of-players-retained-by-franchises-csk-kkr-srh-lsg-1457696 |url-status=live }}</ref>

{{col-begin}}
{{col-break|width=50%}}
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders"
|+ style="background:#{{IPL Team colors 1|csk}}" | [[Chennai Super Kings|Chennai Super Kings]]<ref>{{cite news |date=30 October 2024 |title=Dhoni set to be among CSK's five retained players ahead of IPL 2025 mega auction |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ipl-2025-ms-dhoni-among-csks-five-retained-players-1457660 |access-date=31 October 2024 |publisher=[[ESPNcricinfo]] |archive-date=30 October 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241030140913/https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ipl-2025-ms-dhoni-among-csks-five-retained-players-1457660 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
! scope="col" | No.
! scope="col" | Player
! scope="col" | Nationality
! scope="col" | Salary
|-
| 1
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Ruturaj|Gaikwad}}
| {{cr|IND}} || {{INRConvert|18|c|lk=on}}
|-
| 2
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Ravindra|Jadeja}}
| {{cr|IND}} || {{INRConvert|18|c|lk=on}}
|-
| 3
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Matheesha|Pathirana}}
| {{cr|SL}} || {{INRConvert|13|c|lk=on}}
|-
| 4
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Shivam|Dube}}
| {{cr|IND}} || {{INRConvert|12|c|lk=on}}
|-
| 5
! scope="row" | {{sortname|MS|Dhoni}}
| {{cr|IND}} || {{INRConvert|4|c|lk=on}}
|}
{{col-break|width=50%}}
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders"
|+ style="background:#{{IPL Team colors 1|dc}}" | [[Delhi Capitals|Delhi Capitals]]<ref>{{cite news|date=31 October 2024|title=Pant to go into mega auction after not being retained by Delhi Capitals|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ipl-rishabh-pant-to-go-into-mega-auction-won-t-be-retained-by-dc-1457763|access-date=31 October 2024|publisher=[[ESPNcricinfo]]|archive-date=31 October 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241031185056/https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ipl-rishabh-pant-to-go-into-mega-auction-won-t-be-retained-by-dc-1457763|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
! scope="col" | No.
! scope="col" | Player
! scope="col" | Nationality
! scope="col" | Salary
|-
| 1
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Axar|Patel}}
| {{cr|IND}} || {{INRConvert|16.5|c|lk=on}}
|-
| 2
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Kuldeep|Yadav}}
| {{cr|IND}} || {{INRConvert|13.25|c|lk=on}}
|-
| 3
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Tristan|Stubbs}}
| {{cr|SA}} || {{INRConvert|10|c|lk=on}}.
|-
| 4
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Abhishek|Porel}}
| {{cr|IND}} || {{INRConvert|4|c|lk=on}}
|}
{{col-end}}
{{clear}}
{{col-begin}}
{{col-break|width=50%}}
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders"
|+ style="background:#{{IPL Team colors 1|gt}}" | [[Gujarat Titans|Gujarat Titans]]<ref>{{cite news|date=30 October 2024|title=Gill, Rashid, Sudharsan to be retained by Gujarat Titans|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/gill-rashid-sudharsan-to-be-retained-by-gujarat-titans-ahead-of-ipl-2025-mega-auction-1457656|access-date=31 October 2024|publisher=[[ESPNcricinfo]]|archive-date=30 October 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241030172243/https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/gill-rashid-sudharsan-to-be-retained-by-gujarat-titans-ahead-of-ipl-2025-mega-auction-1457656|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
! scope="col" | No.
! scope="col" | Player
! scope="col" | Nationality
! scope="col" | Salary
|-
| 1
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Rashid|Khan}}
| {{cr|AFG}} || {{INRConvert|18|c|lk=on}}
|-
| 2
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Shubman|Gill}}
| {{cr|IND}} || {{INRConvert|16.5|c|lk=on}}
|-
| 3
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Sai|Sudharsan}}
| {{cr|IND}} || {{INRConvert|8.5|c|lk=on}}
|-
| 4
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Rahul|Tewatia}}
| {{cr|IND}} || {{INRConvert|4|c|lk=on}}
|-
| 5
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Shahrukh|Khan|dab=cricketer}}
| {{cr|IND}} || {{INRConvert|4|c|lk=on}}
|}
{{col-break|width=50%}}
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders"
|+ style="background:#{{IPL Team colors 1|kkr}}" | [[Kolkata Knight Riders|Kolkata Knight Riders]]<ref>{{cite news |date=30 October 2024 |title=Russell, Shreyas Iyer, Starc unlikely to be retained by KKR |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ipl-2025-retention-russell-shreyas-starc-unlikely-to-be-retained-by-kkr-ahead-of-mega-auction-1457677 |access-date=31 October 2024|publisher=[[ESPNcricinfo]]}}</ref>
|-
! scope="col" | No.
! scope="col" | Player
! scope="col" | Nationality
! scope="col" | Salary
|-
| 1
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Rinku|Singh|dab=cricketer}}
| {{cr|IND}} || {{INRConvert|13|c|lk=on}}
|-
| 2
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Varun|Chakravarthy}}
| {{cr|IND}} || {{INRConvert|12|c|lk=on}}
|-
| 3
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Sunil|Narine}}
| {{cr|WIN}} || {{INRConvert|12|c|lk=on}}
|-
| 4
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Andre|Russell}}
| {{cr|WIN}} || {{INRConvert|12|c|lk=on}}
|-
| 5
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Ramandeep|Singh|dab=cricketer}}
| {{cr|IND}} || {{INRConvert|4|c|lk=on}}
|-
| 6
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Harshit|Rana}}
| {{cr|IND}} || {{INRConvert|4|c|lk=on}}
|}
{{col-end}}
{{clear}}
{{col-begin}}
{{col-break|width=50%}}
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders"
|+ style="background:#{{IPL Team colors 1|lsg}}" | [[Lucknow Super Giants|Lucknow Super Giants]]<ref>{{cite news|title=LSG set to retain Pooran, Mayank and Bishnoi for IPL 2025|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ipl-2025-auction-lsg-set-to-retain-nicholas-pooran-mayank-yadav-and-ravi-bishnoi-1457344|date=31 October 2024|access-date=31 October 2024|publisher=[[ESPNcricinfo]]|archive-date=28 October 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241028101238/https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ipl-2025-auction-lsg-set-to-retain-nicholas-pooran-mayank-yadav-and-ravi-bishnoi-1457344|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
! scope="col" | No.
! scope="col" | Player
! scope="col" | Nationality
! scope="col" | Salary
|-
| 1
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Nicholas|Pooran}}
| {{cr|WIN}} || {{INRConvert|21|c|lk=on}}
|-
| 2
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Ravi|Bishnoi}}
| {{cr|IND}} || {{INRConvert|11|c|lk=on}}
|-
| 3
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Mayank|Yadav}}
| {{cr|IND}} || {{INRConvert|11|c|lk=on}}
|-
| 4
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Mohsin|Khan|dab=Indian cricketer}}
| {{cr|IND}} || {{INRConvert|4|c|lk=on}}
|-
| 5
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Ayush|Badoni}}
| {{cr|IND}} || {{INRConvert|4|c|lk=on}}
|}
{{col-break|width=50%}}
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders"
|+ style="background:#{{IPL Team colors 1|mi}}" | [[Mumbai Indians|Mumbai Indians]]<ref>{{cite news|date=31 October 2024|title=MI to retain their big four: Rohit, Hardik, Bumrah, Suryakumar|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ipl-2025-mi-to-retain-rohit-sharma-hardik-pandya-jasprit-bumrah-suryakumar-yadav-1457755|access-date=31 October 2024|publisher=[[ESPNcricinfo]]|archive-date=19 November 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241119015920/https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ipl-2025-mi-to-retain-rohit-sharma-hardik-pandya-jasprit-bumrah-suryakumar-yadav-1457755|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
! scope="col" | No.
! scope="col" | Player
! scope="col" | Nationality
! scope="col" | Salary
|-
| 1
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Jasprit|Bumrah}}
| {{cr|IND}} || {{INRConvert|18|c|lk=on}}
|-
| 2
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Suryakumar|Yadav}}
| {{cr|IND}} || {{INRConvert|16.35|c|lk=on}}
|-
| 3
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Hardik|Pandya}}
| {{cr|IND}} || {{INRConvert|16.35|c|lk=on}}
|-
| 4
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Rohit|Sharma}}
| {{cr|IND}} || {{INRConvert|16.3|c|lk=on}}
|-
| 5
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Tilak|Varma}}
| {{cr|IND}} || {{INRConvert|8|c|lk=on}}
|}
{{col-end}}
{{clear}}
{{col-begin}}
{{col-break|width=50%}}
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders"
|+ style="background:#{{IPL Team colors 1|pbks}}" | [[Punjab Kings|Punjab Kings]]<ref>{{cite news|date=31 October 2024|title=Punjab Kings to retain only two uncapped players|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ipl-2025-punjab-kings-to-retain-two-uncapped-players-shashank-singh-and-prabhsimran-singh-1457778|access-date=31 October 2024|publisher=[[ESPNcricinfo]]|archive-date=1 November 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241101003715/https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ipl-2025-punjab-kings-to-retain-two-uncapped-players-shashank-singh-and-prabhsimran-singh-1457778|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
! scope="col" | No.
! scope="col" | Player
! scope="col" | Nationality
! scope="col" | Salary
|-
| 1
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Shashank|Singh}}
| {{cr|IND}} || {{INRConvert|5.5|c|lk=on}}
|-
| 2
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Prabhsimran|Singh}}
| {{cr|IND}} || {{INRConvert|4|c|lk=on}}
|}
{{col-break|width=50%}}
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders"
|+ style="background:#{{IPL Team colors 1|rr}}" | [[Rajasthan Royals|Rajasthan Royals]]<ref>{{cite news |date=30 October 2024 |title=Samson, Jaiswal, Parag and Sandeep set to be retained by Rajasthan Royals |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ipl-2025-auction-samson-jaiswal-parag-and-sandeep-to-be-retained-by-rajasthan-royals-1457667 |access-date=31 October 2024 |publisher=[[ESPNcricinfo]] |archive-date=1 November 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241101204230/https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ipl-2025-auction-samson-jaiswal-parag-and-sandeep-to-be-retained-by-rajasthan-royals-1457667 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
! scope="col" | No.
! scope="col" | Player
! scope="col" | Nationality
! scope="col" | Salary
|-
| 1
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Sanju|Samson}}
| {{cr|IND}} || {{INRConvert|18|c|lk=on}}
|-
| 2
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Yashasvi|Jaiswal}}
| {{cr|IND}} || {{INRConvert|18|c|lk=on}}
|-
| 3
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Dhruv|Jurel}}
| {{cr|IND}} || {{INRConvert|14|c|lk=on}}
|-
| 4
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Riyan|Parag}}
| {{cr|IND}} || {{INRConvert|14|c|lk=on}}
|-
| 5
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Shimron|Hetmyer}}
| {{cr|WIN}} || {{INRConvert|11|c|lk=on}}
|-
| 6
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Sandeep|Sharma}}
| {{cr|IND}} || {{INRConvert|4|c|lk=on}}
|}
{{col-end}}
{{clear}}
{{col-begin}}
{{col-break|width=50%}}
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders"
|+ style="background:#{{IPL Team colors 1|rcb}}" | [[Royal Challengers Bengaluru|Royal Challengers Bengaluru]]<ref>{{cite news|date=31 October 2024|title=Kohli, Patidar and Dayal to be retained by RCB|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ipl-2025-virat-kohli-rajat-patidar-yash-dayal-to-be-retained-by-rcb-1457819|access-date=31 October 2024|publisher=[[ESPNcricinfo]]|archive-date=7 November 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241107014229/https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ipl-2025-virat-kohli-rajat-patidar-yash-dayal-to-be-retained-by-rcb-1457819|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
! scope="col" | No.
! scope="col" | Player
! scope="col" | Nationality
! scope="col" | Salary
|-
| 1
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Virat|Kohli}}
| {{cr|IND}} || {{INRConvert|21|c|lk=on}}
|-
| 2
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Rajat|Patidar}}
| {{cr|IND}} || {{INRConvert|11|c|lk=on}}
|-
| 3
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Yash|Dayal}}
| {{cr|IND}} || {{INRConvert|5|c|lk=on}}
|}
{{col-break|width=50%}}
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders"
|+ style="background:#{{IPL Team colors 1|srh}}" | [[Sunrisers Hyderabad|Sunrisers Hyderabad]]<ref>{{cite news|date=30 October 2024|title=SRH to retain Travis Head and Nitish Reddy as well ahead of IPL mega auction|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ipl-2025-srh-to-retain-travis-head-and-nitish-kumar-reddy-as-well-ahead-of-mega-auction-1456483|access-date=31 October 2024|publisher=[[ESPNcricinfo]]|archive-date=30 October 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241030121016/https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ipl-2025-srh-to-retain-travis-head-and-nitish-kumar-reddy-as-well-ahead-of-mega-auction-1456483|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
! scope="col" | No.
! scope="col" | Player
! scope="col" | Nationality
! scope="col" | Salary
|-
| 1
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Heinrich|Klaasen}}
| {{cr|SA}} || {{INRConvert|23|c|lk=on}}
|-
| 2
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Pat|Cummins}}
| {{cr|AUS}} || {{INRConvert|18|c|lk=on}}
|-
| 3
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Abhishek|Sharma}}
| {{cr|IND}} || {{INRConvert|14|c|lk=on}}
|-
| 4
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Travis|Head}}
| {{cr|AUS}} || {{INRConvert|14|c|lk=on}}
|-
| 5
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Nitish Kumar|Reddy}}
| {{cr|IND}} || {{INRConvert|6|c|lk=on}}
|}
{{col-end}}
{{clear}}

== Auction ==
Any player willing to play in the IPL was required to register for the auction. Players who did not register for the mega auction would become ineligible to participate in the mini-auctions held in subsequent years.<ref>{{cite web |date=29 April 2024 |title=IPL 2025: The logic behind Rs 18 crore cap on foreign players and why they have to register for this year's auction |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/cricket/ipl-auction-2025-retention-foreign-player-register-9594869/ |access-date=1 October 2024 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |archive-date=30 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240930211005/https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/cricket/ipl-auction-2025-retention-foreign-player-register-9594869/ |url-status=live}}</ref> Any auctioned player withdrawing before the season without legitimate reason or injury would be banned from the IPL for a period of two years.<ref>{{cite web |title=Two-year ban for overseas players pulling out after being picked at IPL auction |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ipl-2025-two-year-ban-for-overseas-players-pulling-out-after-being-picked-at-auction-1453019 |access-date=1 October 2024 |publisher=[[ESPNcricinfo]] |archive-date=30 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240930194531/https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ipl-2025-two-year-ban-for-overseas-players-pulling-out-after-being-picked-at-auction-1453019 |url-status=live}}</ref> Any Indian capped player who had not been named in the [[Starting lineup|starting XI]] in [[international cricket]] ([[Test cricket|Test]], [[One Day International|ODI]], [[Twenty20 International|T20I]]) in the preceding five calendar years or did not have a central contract with the BCCI was considered as an uncapped player for the auction.<ref>{{cite web|title=Decks cleared for 'uncapped' Dhoni to be retained |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ipl-2025-rule-change-allows-csk-option-of-retaining-ms-dhoni-as-uncapped-player-1453028 |access-date=1 October 2024 |publisher=[[ESPNcricinfo]] |archive-date=1 October 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241001005749/https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ipl-2025-rule-change-allows-csk-option-of-retaining-ms-dhoni-as-uncapped-player-1453028 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=29 September 2024 |title=MS Dhoni as uncapped player? IPL's revived rule will not just benefit CSK |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/cricket/story/ipl-uncapped-player-retention-rule-ms-dhoni-all-teams-aakash-chopra-2608167-2024-09-29 |access-date=1 October 2024 |work=[[India Today]] |archive-date=30 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240930200035/https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/cricket/story/ipl-uncapped-player-retention-rule-ms-dhoni-all-teams-aakash-chopra-2608167-2024-09-29 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=28 September 2024|title=3 IPL franchises apart from CSK who can benefit from BCCI bringing back uncapped player rule|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cricket/3-india-stars-apart-from-ms-dhoni-who-can-benefit-from-bcci-bringing-back-uncapped-player-rule-in-ipl-101727589573331.html|access-date=29 September 2024|work=[[The Hindustan Times]]|issn=0971-8257|archive-date=1 October 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241001132447/https://www.hindustantimes.com/cricket/3-india-stars-apart-from-ms-dhoni-who-can-benefit-from-bcci-bringing-back-uncapped-player-rule-in-ipl-101727589573331.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The salary cap of a player would consist of auction purse, incremental performance pay and match fees. Each playing member (including the [[Impact player (cricket)|impact player]]) would get a match fee of {{INRConvert|7.5|l}} in addition to the auctioned price.<ref>{{cite web|date=29 September 2024 |title=Franchise purse for IPL 2025 auction and the new 'match fee' component |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/ipl/top-stories/explained-franchise-purse-for-ipl-2025-auction-and-the-new-match-fee-component/articleshow/113777845.cms |access-date=1 October 2024 |work=[[The Times of India]] |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=30 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240930170544/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/ipl/top-stories/explained-franchise-purse-for-ipl-2025-auction-and-the-new-match-fee-component/articleshow/113777845.cms |url-status=live}}</ref>

The auction was held on 24 and 25 November 2024 in [[Jeddah]], Saudi Arabia.<ref>{{cite web|title=IPL 2025 mega auction to be held on November 24, 25 in Jeddah|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ipl-2025-auction-on-november-24-25-in-jeddah-1458546|access-date=5 November 2024|publisher=[[ESPNcricinfo]]|archive-date=16 November 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241116185000/https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ipl-2025-auction-on-november-24-25-in-jeddah-1458546|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Mallika Sagar]] was appointed as the [[auctioneer]] for the second consecutive time after she hosted the [[List of 2024 Indian Premier League personnel changes|2024 auction]].<ref>{{cite web|date=15 November 2024|title=Mallika Sagar to conduct IPL 2025 mega auction in Jeddah|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/ipl/top-stories/mallika-sagar-ipl-2025-mega-auction-host/articleshow/115334563.cms|access-date=16 November 2024|work=[[The Times of India]]|issn=0971-8257|archive-date=16 November 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241116011547/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/ipl/top-stories/mallika-sagar-ipl-2025-mega-auction-host/articleshow/115334563.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=15 November 2024|title=IPL 2025 Auction in Jeddah: Mallika Sagar returns as auctioneer|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/sports/ipl-2025-auction-in-jeddah-mallika-sagar-returns-as-auctioneer/articleshow/115336276.cms?from=mdr|access-date=16 November 2024|work=[[The Economic Times]]|issn=0013-0389|archive-date=15 November 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241115130156/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/sports/ipl-2025-auction-in-jeddah-mallika-sagar-returns-as-auctioneer/articleshow/115336276.cms?from=mdr|url-status=live}}</ref> A total of 1,574 players registered for the auction,<ref name="List">{{cite web |title=1574 players register for TATA IPL 2025 Player Auction|url=https://www.iplt20.com/news/4111/1574-players-register-for-tata-ipl-2025-player-auction|access-date=5 November 2024|website=[[IPLT20.com]]|archive-date=11 November 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241111155920/https://www.iplt20.com/news/4111/1574-players-register-for-tata-ipl-2025-player-auction|url-status=live}}</ref> of which 574 players were shortlisted to feature in the auction.<ref name="List2">{{cite web|title=TATA IPL 2025 Player Auction List Announced|url=https://www.iplt20.com/news/4112/tata-ipl-2025-player-auction-list-announced|access-date=15 November 2024|website=[[IPLT20.com]]|archive-date=22 November 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241122145217/https://www.iplt20.com/news/4112/tata-ipl-2025-player-auction-list-announced|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Summary ===
{{table alignment}}
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders defaultcenter col1left"
|+ Summary by teams
! scope="col" rowspan="2" | Team
! scope="colgroup" colspan="3" | Retained<ref name="retain"/>
! scope="colgroup" colspan="3" | Bought<ref name="Sold">{{cite web|url=https://olympics.com/en/news/ipl-2025-teams-squads-list-player-prices|title=IPL 2025 teams and all squads - full players list|website=[[Olympics.com]]|date=25 November 2024|access-date=25 November 2024|archive-date=24 November 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241124172801/https://olympics.com/en/news/ipl-2025-teams-squads-list-player-prices|url-status=live}}</ref>
! scope="colgroup" colspan="3" | Overall
|-
! scope="col" | Capped
! scope="col" | Uncapped
! scope="col" | Total
! scope="col" | Capped
! scope="col" | Uncapped
! scope="col" | Total
! scope="col" | Capped
! scope="col" | Uncapped
! scope="col" | Total
|-
! scope="row" | [[Chennai Super Kings]]
| 4 || 1 || 5 || 10 || 10 || 20 || 14 || 11 || 25
|-
! scope="row" | [[Delhi Capitals]]
| 3 || 1 || 4 || 9 || 10 || 19 || 12 || 11 || 23
|-
! scope="row" | [[Gujarat Titans]]
| 3 || 2 || 5 || 12 || 8 || 20 || 16 || 9 || 25
|-
! scope="row" | [[Kolkata Knight Riders]]
| 4 || 2 || 6 || 10 || 5 || 15 || 14 || 7 || 21
|-
! scope="row" | [[Lucknow Super Giants]]
| 3 || 2 || 5 || 9 || 10 || 19 || 12 || 12 || 24
|-
! scope="row" | [[Mumbai Indians]]
| 5 || 0 || 5 || 8 || 10 || 18 || 13 || 10 || 23
|-
! scope="row" | [[Punjab Kings]]
| 0 || 2 || 2 || 12 || 11 || 23 || 12 || 13 || 25
|-
! scope="row" | [[Rajasthan Royals]]
| 5 || 1 || 6 || 7 || 7 || 14 || 12 || 8 || 20
|-
! scope="row" | [[Royal Challengers Bengaluru]]
| 2 || 1 || 3 || 12 || 7 || 19 || 14 || 8 || 22
|-
! scope="row" | [[Sunrisers Hyderabad]]
| 5 || 0 || 5 || 8 || 7 || 15 || 13 || 7 || 20
|- class="sortbottom"
! scope="row" | Total
| 35 || 11 || 46 || 97 || 85 || 182 || 132 || 96 || 228
|}

=== Sold players ===
Two sets of marquee players went up for bidding first followed by 15 sets of players divided based on their specialisation: [[Batting (cricket)|batters]], [[all-rounder]]s, [[wicket keeper batter]]s, [[Fast bowling|fast bowlers]] and [[Spin bowling|spin bowlers]]; and status: [[capped]] and uncapped. After player no. 116, the auction entered its accelerated phase, covering all the remaining players. During the accelerated round, players were presented based on the franchises' preference.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ipl-auction-2025-time-date-and-everything-you-need-to-know-espncricinfo-1458820|title=IPL auction 2025 – Time, date, and details of marquee player sets|date=8 November 2024|access-date=15 January 2026|publisher=[[ESPNcricinfo]]|archive-date=20 February 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250220155905/https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ipl-auction-2025-time-date-and-everything-you-need-to-know-espncricinfo-1458820|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-11-24 |title=IPL auction 2025 rules: RTM card, accelerated auction, base price process explained – All you need to know |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cricket/ipl-auction-2025-rules-rtm-card-accelerated-auction-base-price-process-explained-all-you-need-to-know-101732432049058.html |access-date=2026-01-15 |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |language=en |archive-date=24 November 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241124074744/https://www.hindustantimes.com/cricket/ipl-auction-2025-rules-rtm-card-accelerated-auction-base-price-process-explained-all-you-need-to-know-101732432049058.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

* Sources: [[ESPNcricinfo]],<ref name="Cric">{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ipl-2025-auction-full-list-of-574-players-1459778|title=IPL 2025 auction - Full list of 577 players|date=15 November 2024|access-date=26 November 2024|publisher=[[ESPNcricinfo]]}}</ref> [[Olympics.com]]<ref name="Sold"/>
: '' {{dagger}} denotes players bought by RTM cards.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-11-28 |title=List of RTM Buys by all Franchises at the IPL Auction 2025 |url=https://www.mykhel.com/cricket/csk-mi-rcb-to-kkr-list-of-rtm-buys-by-all-franchises-at-the-ipl-auction-2025-323371.html |access-date=2025-06-22 |website=mykhel.com |language=en}}</ref>''

{{table alignment}}
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders defaultcenter col2left col3left " style="font-size:85%;"
|+ Set 1: marquee players (M1)
! scope="col" | No.
! scope="col" | Name
! scope="col" | Country
! scope="col" | Role
! scope="col" | No. of IPL matches
! scope="col" | Category
! scope="col" | Base price ({{INR|link=yes}}{{nbsp}}[[lakh]]s)
! scope="col" | 2025 IPL team
! scope="col" | Auctioned price ({{INR|link=yes}}{{nbsp}}[[lakh]]s)
! scope="col" | 2024 IPL team
|-
| 1
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Jos|Buttler}}
| {{cr|ENG}} || Wicket-keeper || 107 || Capped || 200 || [[Gujarat Titans]] || 1575 || [[Rajasthan Royals]]
|-
| 2
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Shreyas|Iyer}}
| {{cr|IND}} || Batter || 116 || Capped || 200 || [[Punjab Kings]] || 2675 || [[Kolkata Knight Riders]]
|-
| 3
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Rishabh|Pant}}
| {{cr|IND}} || Batter || 111 || Capped || 200 || [[Lucknow Super Giants]] || 2700 || [[Delhi Capitals]]
|-
| 4
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Kagiso|Rabada}}
| {{cr|SA}} || Bowler || 80 || Capped || 200 || [[Gujarat Titans]] || 1075 || [[Punjab Kings]]
|-
| 5
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Arshdeep|Singh|dab=cricketer}} {{dagger}}
| {{cr|IND}} || Bowler || 65 || Capped || 200 || [[Punjab Kings]] || 1800 || [[Punjab Kings]]
|-
| 6
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Mitchell|Starc}}
| {{cr|AUS}} || Bowler || 41 || Capped || 200 || [[Delhi Capitals]] || 1175 || [[Kolkata Knight Riders]]
|}

{{table alignment}}
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders defaultcenter col2left col3left " style="font-size:85%;"
|+ Set 2: marquee players (M2)
! scope="col" | No.
! scope="col" | Name
! scope="col" | Country
! scope="col" | Role
! scope="col" | No. of IPL matches
! scope="col" | Category
! scope="col" | Base price ({{INR|link=yes}}{{nbsp}}[[lakh]]s)
! scope="col" | 2025 IPL team
! scope="col" | Auctioned price ({{INR|link=yes}}{{nbsp}}[[lakh]]s)
! scope="col" | 2024 IPL team
|-
| 7
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Yuzvendra|Chahal}}
| {{cr|IND}} || Bowler || 160 || Capped || 200 || [[Punjab Kings]] || 1800 || [[Rajasthan Royals]]
|-
| 8
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Liam|Livingstone}}
| {{cr|ENG}} || All-rounder || 39 || Capped || 200 || [[Royal Challengers Bengaluru]] || 875 || [[Punjab Kings]]
|-
| 9
! scope="row" | {{sortname|David|Miller|dab=South African cricketer}}
| {{cr|SA}} || Batter || 130 || Capped || 150 || [[Lucknow Super Giants]] || 750 || [[Gujarat Titans]]
|-
| 10
! scope="row" | {{sortname|KL|Rahul}}
| {{cr|IND}} || Wicket-keeper || 132 || Capped || 200 || [[Delhi Capitals]] || 1400 || [[Lucknow Super Giants]]
|-
| 11
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Mohammed|Shami}}
| {{cr|IND}} || Bowler || 110 || Capped || 200 || [[Sunrisers Hyderabad]] || 1000 || [[Gujarat Titans]]
|-
| 12
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Mohammed|Siraj}}
| {{cr|IND}} || Bowler || 93 || Capped || 200 || [[Gujarat Titans]] || 1225 || [[Royal Challengers Bengaluru]]
|}

{{table alignment}}
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders defaultcenter col2left col3left " style="font-size:85%;"
|+ Set 3: capped batters (BA1)
! scope="col" | No.
! scope="col" | Name
! scope="col" | Country
! scope="col" | No. of IPL matches
! scope="col" | Base price ({{INR|link=yes}}{{nbsp}}[[lakh]]s)
! scope="col" | 2025 IPL team
! scope="col" | Auctioned price ({{INR|link=yes}}{{nbsp}}[[lakh]]s)
! scope="col" | 2024 IPL team
|-
| 13
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Harry|Brook}}
| {{cr|ENG}} || 11 || 200 || [[Delhi Capitals]] || 625 || [[Delhi Capitals]]
|-
| 14
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Devon|Conway}}
| {{cr|NZ}} || 23 || 200 || [[Chennai Super Kings]] || 625 || [[Chennai Super Kings]]
|-
| 15
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Jake|Fraser-McGurk}} {{dagger}}
| {{cr|AUS}} || 9 || 200 || [[Delhi Capitals]]|| 900 || [[Delhi Capitals]]
|-
| 16
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Aiden|Markram}}
| {{cr|SA}} || 44 || 200 || [[Lucknow Super Giants]] || 200 || [[Sunrisers Hyderabad]]
|-
| 17
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Devdutt|Padikkal}}
| {{cr|IND}} || 64 || 200 || [[Royal Challengers Bengaluru]] || 200 || [[Lucknow Super Giants]]
|-
| 18
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Rahul|Tripathi}}
| {{cr|IND}} || 95 || 75 || [[Chennai Super Kings]] || 340 || [[Sunrisers Hyderabad]]
|}

{{table alignment}}
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders defaultcenter col2left col3left " style="font-size:85%;"
|+ Set 4: capped all-rounders (AL1)
! scope="col" | No.
! scope="col" | Name
! scope="col" | Country
! scope="col" | No. of IPL matches
! scope="col" | Base price ({{INR|link=yes}}{{nbsp}}[[lakh]]s)
! scope="col" | 2025 IPL team
! scope="col" | Auctioned price ({{INR|link=yes}}{{nbsp}}[[lakh]]s)
! scope="col" | 2024 IPL team
|-
| 20
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Ravichandran|Ashwin}}
| {{cr|IND}} || 212 || 200 || [[Chennai Super Kings]] || 975 || [[Rajasthan Royals]]
|-
| 21
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Venkatesh|Iyer}}
| {{cr|IND}} || 51 || 200 || [[Kolkata Knight Riders]] || 2375 || [[Kolkata Knight Riders]]
|-
| 22
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Mitchell|Marsh}}
| {{cr|AUS}} || 42 || 200 || [[Lucknow Super Giants]] || 340 || [[Delhi Capitals]]
|-
| 23
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Glenn|Maxwell}}
| {{cr|AUS}} || 134 || 200 || [[Punjab Kings]] || 420 || [[Royal Challengers Bengaluru]]
|-
| 24
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Harshal|Patel}}
| {{cr|IND}} || 106 || 200 || [[Sunrisers Hyderabad]] || 800 || [[Punjab Kings]]
|-
| 25
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Rachin|Ravindra}} {{dagger}}
| {{cr|NZ}} || 10 || 150 || [[Chennai Super Kings]] || 400 || [[Chennai Super Kings]]
|-
| 26
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Marcus|Stoinis}}
| {{cr|AUS}} || 96 || 200 || [[Punjab Kings]] || 1100 || [[Lucknow Super Giants]]
|}

{{table alignment}}
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders defaultcenter col2left col3left " style="font-size:85%;"
|+ Set 5: capped wicket-keepers (WK1)
! scope="col" | No.
! scope="col" | Name
! scope="col" | Country
! scope="col" | No. of IPL matches
! scope="col" | Base price ({{INR|link=yes}}{{nbsp}}[[lakh]]s)
! scope="col" | 2025 IPL team
! scope="col" | Auctioned price ({{INR|link=yes}}{{nbsp}}[[lakh]]s)
! scope="col" | 2024 IPL team
|-
| 28
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Quinton|de Kock}}
| {{cr|SA}} || 107 || 200 || [[Kolkata Knight Riders]] || 360 || [[Lucknow Super Giants]]
|-
| 29
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Rahmanullah|Gurbaz}}
| {{cr|AFG}} || 14 || 200 || [[Kolkata Knight Riders]] || 200 || [[Kolkata Knight Riders]]
|-
| 30
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Ishan|Kishan}}
| {{cr|IND}} || 104 || 200 || [[Sunrisers Hyderabad]] || 1125 || [[Mumbai Indians]]
|-
| 31
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Phil|Salt}}
| {{cr|ENG}} || 21 || 200 || [[Royal Challengers Bengaluru]] || 1150 || [[Kolkata Knight Riders]]
|-
| 32
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Jitesh|Sharma}}
| {{cr|IND}} || 40 || 100 || [[Royal Challengers Bengaluru]] || 1100 || [[Punjab Kings]]
|}

{{table alignment}}
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders defaultcenter col2left col3left " style="font-size:85%;"
|+ Set 6: capped fast bowlers (FA1)
! scope="col" | No.
! scope="col" | Name
! scope="col" | Country
! scope="col" | No. of IPL matches
! scope="col" | Base price ({{INR|link=yes}}{{nbsp}}[[lakh]]s)
! scope="col" | 2025 IPL team
! scope="col" | Auctioned price ({{INR|link=yes}}{{nbsp}}[[lakh]]s)
! scope="col" | 2024 IPL team
|-
| 33
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Khaleel|Ahmed}}
| {{cr|IND}} || 57 || 200 || [[Chennai Super Kings]] || 480 || [[Delhi Capitals]]
|-
| 575*
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Jofra|Archer}}
| {{cr|ENG}} || 40 || 200 || [[Rajasthan Royals]] || 1250 || {{N/A}}
|-
| 34
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Trent|Boult}}
| {{cr|NZ}} || 104 || 200 || [[Mumbai Indians]] || 1250 || [[Rajasthan Royals]]
|-
| 35
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Josh|Hazlewood}}
| {{cr|AUS}} || 27 || 200 || [[Royal Challengers Bengaluru]] || 1250 || {{N/A}}
|-
| 36
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Avesh|Khan}}
| {{cr|IND}} || 63 || 200 || [[Lucknow Super Giants]] || 975 || [[Rajasthan Royals]]
|-
| 37
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Prasidh|Krishna}}
| {{cr|IND}} || 51 || 200 || [[Gujarat Titans]] || 950 || [[Rajasthan Royals]]
|-
| 38
! scope="row" | {{sortname|T.|Natarajan}}
| {{cr|IND}} || 61 || 200 || [[Delhi Capitals]] || 1075 || [[Sunrisers Hyderabad]]
|-
| 39
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Anrich|Nortje}}
| {{cr|SA}} || 46 || 200 || [[Kolkata Knight Riders]] || 650 || [[Delhi Capitals]]
|}

{{table alignment}}
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders defaultcenter col2left col3left " style="font-size:85%;"
|+ Set 7: capped spin bowlers (SP1)
! scope="col" | No.
! scope="col" | Name
! scope="col" | Country
! scope="col" | No. of IPL matches
! scope="col" | Base price ({{INR|link=yes}}{{nbsp}}[[lakh]]s)
! scope="col" | 2025 IPL team
! scope="col" | Auctioned price ({{INR|link=yes}}{{nbsp}}[[lakh]]s)
! scope="col" | 2024 IPL team
|-
| 40
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Noor|Ahmad}}
| {{cr|AFG}} || 23 || 200 || [[Chennai Super Kings]] || 1000 || [[Gujarat Titans]]
|-
| 41
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Rahul|Chahar}}
| {{cr|IND}} || 78 || 100 || [[Sunrisers Hyderabad]] || 320 || [[Punjab Kings]]
|-
| 42
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Wanindu|Hasaranga}}
| {{cr|SL}} || 26 || 200 ||[[Rajasthan Royals]] || 525 || [[Sunrisers Hyderabad]]
|-
| 44
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Maheesh|Theekshana}}
| {{cr|SL}} || 27 || 200 || [[Rajasthan Royals]] || 440 || [[Chennai Super Kings]]
|-
| 45
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Adam|Zampa}}
| {{cr|AUS}} || 20 || 200 || [[Sunrisers Hyderabad]] || 240 || [[Rajasthan Royals]]
|}

{{table alignment}}
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders defaultcenter col2left col3left " style="font-size:85%;"
|+ Set 8: uncapped batters (UBA1)
! scope="col" | No.
! scope="col" | Name
! scope="col" | Country
! scope="col" | No. of IPL matches
! scope="col" | Base price ({{INR|link=yes}}{{nbsp}}[[lakh]]s)
! scope="col" | 2025 IPL team
! scope="col" | Auctioned price ({{INR|link=yes}}{{nbsp}}[[lakh]]s)
! scope="col" | 2024 IPL team
|-
| 47
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Abhinav|Manohar}}
| {{cr|IND}} || 18 || 30 || [[Sunrisers Hyderabad]] || 320 || [[Gujarat Titans]]
|-
| 48
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Karun|Nair}}
| {{cr|IND}} || 76 || 30 || [[Delhi Capitals]] || 50 || {{N/A}}
|-
| 49
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Angkrish|Raghuvanshi}}
| {{cr|IND}} || 10 || 30 || [[Kolkata Knight Riders]] || 300 || [[Kolkata Knight Riders]]
|-
| 51
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Atharva|Taide}}
| {{cr|IND}} || 9 || 30 || [[Sunrisers Hyderabad]] || 30 || [[Punjab Kings]]
|-
| 52
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Nehal|Wadhera}}
| {{cr|IND}} || 20 || 30 || [[Punjab Kings]] || 420 || [[Mumbai Indians]]
|}

{{table alignment}}
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders defaultcenter col2left col3left " style="font-size:85%;"
|+ Set 9: uncapped all-rounders (UAL1)
! scope="col" | No.
! scope="col" | Name
! scope="col" | Country
! scope="col" | No. of IPL matches
! scope="col" | Base price ({{INR|link=yes}}{{nbsp}}[[lakh]]s)
! scope="col" | 2025 IPL team
! scope="col" | Auctioned price ({{INR|link=yes}}{{nbsp}}[[lakh]]s)
! scope="col" | 2024 IPL team
|-
| 53
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Harpreet|Brar}}
| {{cr|IND}} || 41 || 30 || [[Punjab Kings]] || 150 || [[Punjab Kings]]
|-
| 54
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Naman|Dhir}} {{dagger}}
| {{cr|IND}} || 7 || 30 || [[Mumbai Indians]] || 525 || [[Mumbai Indians]]
|-
| 55
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Mahipal|Lomror}}
| {{cr|IND}} || 40 || 30 || [[Gujarat Titans]] || 170 || [[Royal Challengers Bengaluru]]
|-
| 56
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Sameer|Rizvi}}
| {{cr|IND}} || 9 || 30 || [[Delhi Capitals]] || 95 || [[Chennai Super Kings]]
|-
| 57
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Abdul|Samad}}
| {{cr|IND}} || 50 || 30 || [[Lucknow Super Giants]] || 420 || [[Sunrisers Hyderabad]]
|-
| 58
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Vijay|Shankar}}
| {{cr|IND}} || 72 || 30 || [[Chennai Super Kings]] || 120 || [[Gujarat Titans]]
|-
| 59
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Ashutosh|Sharma|dab=cricketer}}
| {{cr|IND}} || 11 || 30 || [[Delhi Capitals]] || 380 || [[Punjab Kings]]
|-
| 60
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Nishant|Sindhu}}
| {{cr|IND}} || {{N/A}} || 30 || [[Gujarat Titans]] || 30 || [[Chennai Super Kings]]
|}

{{table alignment}}
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders defaultcenter col2left col3left " style="font-size:85%;"
|+ Set 10: uncapped wicket-keepers (UWK1)
! scope="col" | No.
! scope="col" | Name
! scope="col" | Country
! scope="col" | No. of IPL matches
! scope="col" | Base price ({{INR|link=yes}}{{nbsp}}[[lakh]]s)
! scope="col" | 2025 IPL team
! scope="col" | Auctioned price ({{INR|link=yes}}{{nbsp}}[[lakh]]s)
! scope="col" | 2024 IPL team
|-
| 62
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Aryan|Juyal}}
| {{cr|IND}} || {{N/A}} || 30 || [[Lucknow Super Giants]] || 30 || {{N/A}}
|-
| 63
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Kumar|Kushagra}}
| {{cr|IND}} || {{N/A}} || 30 || [[Gujarat Titans]] || 65 || [[Gujarat Titans]]
|-
| 64
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Robin|Minz}}
| {{cr|IND}} || {{N/A}} || 30 || [[Mumbai Indians]] || 65 || [[Gujarat Titans]]
|-
| 65
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Anuj|Rawat}}
| {{cr|IND}} || 24 || 30 || [[Gujarat Titans]] || 30 || [[Royal Challengers Bengaluru]]
|-
| 66
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Luvnith|Sisodia}}
| {{cr|IND}} || {{N/A}} || 30 || [[Kolkata Knight Riders]] || 30 || {{N/A}}
|-
| 67
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Vishnu|Vinod}}
| {{cr|IND}} || 6 || 30 || [[Punjab Kings]] || 95 || [[Mumbai Indians]]
|}

{{table alignment}}
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders defaultcenter col2left col3left " style="font-size:85%;"
|+ Set 11: uncapped fast bowlers (UFA1)
! scope="col" | No.
! scope="col" | Name
! scope="col" | Country
! scope="col" | No. of IPL matches
! scope="col" | Base price ({{INR|link=yes}}{{nbsp}}[[lakh]]s)
! scope="col" | 2025 IPL team
! scope="col" | Auctioned price ({{INR|link=yes}}{{nbsp}}[[lakh]]s)
! scope="col" | 2024 IPL team
|-
| 69
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Vaibhav|Arora}}
| {{cr|IND}} || 20 || 30 || [[Kolkata Knight Riders]] || 180 || [[Kolkata Knight Riders]]
|-
| 70
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Rasikh Salam|Dar}}
| {{cr|IND}} || 11 || 30 || [[Royal Challengers Bengaluru]] || 600 || [[Delhi Capitals]]
|-
| 71
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Akash|Madhwal}}
| {{cr|IND}} || 12 || 30 || [[Rajasthan Royals]] || 120 || [[Mumbai Indians]]
|-
| 72
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Mohit|Sharma}}
| {{cr|IND}} || 111 || 50 || [[Delhi Capitals]] || 220 || [[Gujarat Titans]]
|-
| 73
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Simarjeet|Singh}}
| {{cr|IND}} || 10 || 30 || [[Sunrisers Hyderabad]] || 150 || [[Chennai Super Kings]]
|-
| 74
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Yash|Thakur}}
| {{cr|IND}} || 19 || 30 || [[Punjab Kings]] || 160 || [[Lucknow Super Giants]]
|-
| 76
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Vijaykumar|Vyshak}}
| {{cr|IND}} || 11 || 30 || [[Punjab Kings]] || 180 || [[Royal Challengers Bengaluru]]
|}

{{table alignment}}
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders defaultcenter col2left col3left " style="font-size:85%;"
|+ Set 12: uncapped spin bowlers (USP1)
! scope="col" | No.
! scope="col" | Name
! scope="col" | Country
! scope="col" | No. of IPL matches
! scope="col" | Base price ({{INR|link=yes}}{{nbsp}}[[lakh]]s)
! scope="col" | 2025 IPL team
! scope="col" | Auctioned price ({{INR|link=yes}}{{nbsp}}[[lakh]]s)
! scope="col" | 2024 IPL team
|-
| 78
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Shreyas|Gopal}}
| {{cr|IND}} || 52 || 30 || [[Chennai Super Kings]] || 30 || [[Mumbai Indians]]
|-
| 79
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Mayank|Markande}}
| {{cr|IND}} || 37 || 30 || [[Kolkata Knight Riders]] || 30 || [[Sunrisers Hyderabad]]
|-
| 80
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Suyash|Sharma}}
| {{cr|IND}} || 13 || 30 || [[Royal Challengers Bengaluru]] || 260 || [[Kolkata Knight Riders]]
|-
| 81
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Karn|Sharma}}
| {{cr|IND}} || 84 || 50 || [[Mumbai Indians]] || 50 || [[Royal Challengers Bengaluru]]
|-
| 82
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Kumar|Kartikeya}}
| {{cr|IND}} || 12 || 30 || [[Rajasthan Royals]] || 30 || [[Mumbai Indians]]
|-
| 83
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Manav|Suthar}}
| {{cr|IND}} || {{N/A}} || 30 || [[Gujarat Titans]] || 30 || [[Gujarat Titans]]
|}

{{table alignment}}
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders defaultcenter col2left col3left " style="font-size:85%;"
|+ Set 13: capped batters (BA2)
! scope="col" | No.
! scope="col" | Name
! scope="col" | Country
! scope="col" | No. of IPL matches
! scope="col" | Base price ({{INR|link=yes}}{{nbsp}}[[lakh]]s)
! scope="col" | 2025 IPL team
! scope="col" | Auctioned price ({{INR|link=yes}}{{nbsp}}[[lakh]]s)
! scope="col" | 2024 IPL team
|-
| 85
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Faf|du Plessis}}
| {{cr|SA}} || 145 || 200 || [[Delhi Capitals]] || 200 || [[Royal Challengers Bengaluru]]
|-
| 86
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Glenn|Phillips|dab=cricketer}}
| {{cr|NZ}} || 8 || 200 || [[Gujarat Titans]] || 200 || [[Sunrisers Hyderabad]]
|-
| 87
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Rovman|Powell}}
| {{cr|WIN}} || 27 || 150 || [[Kolkata Knight Riders]] || 150 || [[Rajasthan Royals]]
|-
| 88
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Ajinkya|Rahane}}
| {{cr|IND}} || 185 || 150 || [[Kolkata Knight Riders]] || 150 || [[Chennai Super Kings]]
|}

{{table alignment}}
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders defaultcenter col2left col3left " style="font-size:85%;"
|+ Set 14: capped all-rounders (AL2)
! scope="col" | No.
! scope="col" | Name
! scope="col" | Country
! scope="col" | No. of IPL matches
! scope="col" | Base price ({{INR|link=yes}}{{nbsp}}[[lakh]]s)
! scope="col" | 2025 IPL team
! scope="col" | Auctioned price ({{INR|link=yes}}{{nbsp}}[[lakh]]s)
! scope="col" | 2024 IPL team
|-
| 91
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Sam|Curran}}
| {{cr|ENG}} || 59 || 200 || [[Chennai Super Kings]] || 240 || [[Punjab Kings]]
|-
| 92
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Marco|Jansen}}
| {{cr|SA}} || 21 || 125 || [[Punjab Kings]] || 700 || [[Sunrisers Hyderabad]]
|-
| 94
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Krunal|Pandya}}
| {{cr|IND}} || 127 || 200 || [[Royal Challengers Bengaluru]]|| 575 || [[Lucknow Super Giants]]
|-
| 95
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Nitish|Rana}}
| {{cr|IND}} || 107 || 150 || [[Rajasthan Royals]] || 420 || [[Kolkata Knight Riders]]
|-
| 96
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Washington|Sundar}}
| {{cr|IND}} || 61 || 200 || [[Gujarat Titans]] || 320 || [[Sunrisers Hyderabad]]
|}

{{table alignment}}
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders defaultcenter col2left col3left " style="font-size:85%;"
|+ Set 15: capped wicket-keepers (WK2)
! scope="col" | No.
! scope="col" | Name
! scope="col" | Country
! scope="col" | No. of IPL matches
! scope="col" | Base price ({{INR|link=yes}}{{nbsp}}[[lakh]]s)
! scope="col" | 2025 IPL team
! scope="col" | Auctioned price ({{INR|link=yes}}{{nbsp}}[[lakh]]s)
! scope="col" | 2024 IPL team
|-
| 100
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Donovan|Ferreira}}
| {{cr|SA}} || 2 || 75 || [[Delhi Capitals]] || 75 || [[Rajasthan Royals]]
|-
| 102
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Josh|Inglis}}
| {{cr|AUS}} || {{N/A}} || 200 || [[Punjab Kings]] || 260 || {{N/A}}
|-
| 103
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Ryan|Rickelton}}
| {{cr|SA}} || {{N/A}} || 100 || [[Mumbai Indians]] || 100 || {{N/A}}
|}

{{table alignment}}
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders defaultcenter col2left col3left " style="font-size:85%;"
|+ Set 16: capped fast bowlers (FA2)
! scope="col" | No.
! scope="col" | Name
! scope="col" | Country
! scope="col" | No. of IPL matches
! scope="col" | Base price ({{INR|link=yes}}{{nbsp}}[[lakh]]s)
! scope="col" | 2025 IPL team
! scope="col" | Auctioned price ({{INR|link=yes}}{{nbsp}}[[lakh]]s)
! scope="col" | 2024 IPL team
|-
| 104
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Deepak|Chahar}}
| {{cr|IND}} || 81 || 200 || [[Mumbai Indians]] || 925 || [[Chennai Super Kings]]
|-
| 105
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Gerald|Coetzee}}
| {{cr|SA}} || 10 || 125 || [[Gujarat Titans]] || 240 || [[Mumbai Indians]]
|-
| 106
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Akash|Deep}}
| {{cr|IND}} || 8 || 100 || [[Lucknow Super Giants]]|| 800 || [[Royal Challengers Bengaluru]]
|-
| 107
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Tushar|Deshpande}}
| {{cr|IND}} || 36 || 100 || [[Rajasthan Royals]] || 650 || [[Chennai Super Kings]]
|-
| 108
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Lockie|Ferguson}}
| {{cr|NZ}} || 45 || 200 || [[Punjab Kings]]|| 200 || [[Royal Challengers Bengaluru]]
|-
| 109
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Bhuvneshwar|Kumar}}
| {{cr|IND}} || 176 || 200 || [[Royal Challengers Bengaluru]] || 1075 || [[Sunrisers Hyderabad]]
|-
| 110
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Mukesh|Kumar|dab=cricketer}} {{dagger}}
| {{cr|IND}} || 20 || 200 || [[Delhi Capitals]] || 800 || [[Delhi Capitals]]
|}

{{table alignment}}
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders defaultcenter col2left col3left " style="font-size:85%;"
|+ Set 17: capped spin bowlers (SP2)
! scope="col" | No.
! scope="col" | Name
! scope="col" | Country
! scope="col" | No. of IPL matches
! scope="col" | Base price ({{INR|link=yes}}{{nbsp}}[[lakh]]s)
! scope="col" | 2025 IPL team
! scope="col" | Auctioned price ({{INR|link=yes}}{{nbsp}}[[lakh]]s)
! scope="col" | 2024 IPL team
|-
| 111
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Allah|Ghazanfar}}
| {{cr|AFG}} || {{N/A}} || 75 || [[Mumbai Indians]] || 480 || [[Kolkata Knight Riders]]
|}

{{table alignment}}
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders defaultcenter col2left col3left " style="font-size:85%;"
|+ Accelerated round
! scope="col" | No.
! scope="col" | Name
! scope="col" | Country
! scope="col" | Role
! scope="col" | No. of IPL matches
! scope="col" | Category
! scope="col" | Base price ({{INR|link=yes}}{{nbsp}}[[lakh]]s)
! scope="col" | 2025 IPL team
! scope="col" | Auctioned price ({{INR|link=yes}}{{nbsp}}[[lakh]]s)
! scope="col" | 2024 IPL team
|-
| 118
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Swastik|Chikara}}
| {{cr|IND}} || Batter || {{N/A}} || Uncapped || 30 || [[Royal Challengers Bengaluru]] || 30 || [[Delhi Capitals]]
|-
| 120
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Shubham|Dubey}}
| {{cr|IND}} || Batter || 4 || Uncapped || 30 || [[Rajasthan Royals]] || 80 || [[Rajasthan Royals]]
|-
| 123
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Shaik|Rasheed}}
| {{cr|IND}} || Batter || {{N/A}} || Uncapped || 30 || [[Chennai Super Kings]] || 30 || [[Chennai Super Kings]]
|-
| 124
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Himmat|Singh|dab=cricketer}}
| {{cr|IND}} || Batter || {{N/A}} || Uncapped || 30 || [[Lucknow Super Giants]] || 30 || {{N/A}}
|-
| 126
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Anshul|Kamboj}}
| {{cr|IND}} || All-rounder || 3 || Uncapped || 30 || [[Chennai Super Kings]] || 340 || [[Mumbai Indians]]
|-
| 127
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Arshad|Khan|dab=Indian cricketer}}
| {{cr|IND}} || All-rounder || 10 || Uncapped || 30 || [[Gujarat Titans]] || 130 || [[Lucknow Super Giants]]
|-
| 128
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Darshan|Nalkande}}
| {{cr|IND}} || All-rounder || 5 || Uncapped || 30 || [[Delhi Capitals]] || 30 || [[Gujarat Titans]]
|-
| 130
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Anukul|Roy}}
| {{cr|IND}} || All-rounder || 11 || Uncapped || 30 || [[Kolkata Knight Riders]] || 40 || [[Kolkata Knight Riders]]
|-
| 131
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Swapnil|Singh}} {{dagger}}
| {{cr|IND}} || All-rounder || 14 || Uncapped || 30 || [[Royal Challengers Bengaluru]] || 50 || [[Royal Challengers Bengaluru]]
|-
| 134
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Vansh|Bedi}}
| {{cr|IND}} || Wicket-keeper || {{N/A}} || Uncapped || 30 || [[Chennai Super Kings]] || 55 || {{N/A}}
|-
| 138
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Kunal|Rathore}}
| {{cr|IND}} || Wicket-keeper || {{N/A}} || Uncapped || 30 || [[Rajasthan Royals]] || 30 || [[Rajasthan Royals]]
|-
| 140
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Gurnoor|Brar}}
| {{cr|IND}} || Bowler || 1 || Uncapped || 30 || [[Gujarat Titans]] || 130 || [[Gujarat Titans]]
|-
| 141
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Mukesh|Choudhary}}
| {{cr|IND}} || Bowler || 14 || Uncapped || 30 || [[Chennai Super Kings]] || 30 || [[Chennai Super Kings]]
|-
| 146
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Arjun|Tendulkar}}
| {{cr|IND}} || Bowler || 5 || Uncapped || 30 || [[Mumbai Indians]] || 30 || [[Mumbai Indians]]
|-
| 147
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Zeeshan|Ansari}}
| {{cr|IND}} || Bowler || {{N/A}} || Uncapped || 30 || [[Sunrisers Hyderabad]] || 40 || {{N/A}}
|-
| 150
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Manimaran|Siddharth}}
| {{cr|IND}} || Bowler || 3 || Uncapped || 30 || [[Lucknow Super Giants]] || 75 || [[Lucknow Super Giants]]
|-
| 151
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Digvesh|Singh}}
| {{cr|IND}} || Bowler || 3 || Uncapped || 30 || [[Lucknow Super Giants]] || 30 || {{N/A}}
|-
| 157
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Manish|Pandey}}
| {{cr|IND}} || Batter || 171 || Capped || 75 || [[Kolkata Knight Riders]] || 75 || [[Kolkata Knight Riders]]
|-
| 159
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Sherfane|Rutherford}}
| {{cr|WIN}} || Batter || 10 || Capped || 150 || [[Gujarat Titans]] || 260 || [[Kolkata Knight Riders]]
|-
| 162
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Shahbaz|Ahmed|dab=cricketer}}
| {{cr|IND}} || All-rounder || 55 || Capped || 100 || [[Lucknow Super Giants]] || 240 || [[Sunrisers Hyderabad]]
|-
| 164
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Tim|David}}
| {{cr|AUS}} || All-rounder || 38 || Capped || 200 || [[Royal Challengers Bengaluru]] || 300 || [[Mumbai Indians]]
|-
| 165
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Deepak|Hooda}}
| {{cr|IND}} || All-rounder || 118 || Capped || 75 || [[Chennai Super Kings]] || 170 || [[Lucknow Super Giants]]
|-
| 166
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Will|Jacks}}
| {{cr|ENG}} || All-rounder || 8 || Capped || 200 || [[Mumbai Indians]] || 525 || [[Royal Challengers Bengaluru]]
|-
| 167
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Azmatullah|Omarzai}}
| {{cr|AFG}} || All-rounder || 7 || Capped || 150 || [[Punjab Kings]] || 240 || [[Gujarat Titans]]
|-
| 168
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Sai|Kishore}} {{dagger}}
| {{cr|IND}} || All-rounder || 10 || Capped || 75 || [[Gujarat Titans]] || 200 || [[Gujarat Titans]]
|-
| 169
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Romario|Shepherd}}
| {{cr|WIN}} || All-rounder || 10 || Capped || 150 || [[Royal Challengers Bengaluru]] || 150 || [[Mumbai Indians]]
|-
| 179
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Spencer|Johnson|dab=cricketer}}
| {{cr|AUS}} || Bowler || 5 || Capped || 200 || [[Kolkata Knight Riders]] || 280 || [[Gujarat Titans]]
|-
| 180
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Umran|Malik}}
| {{cr|IND}} || Bowler || 26 || Capped || 75 || [[Kolkata Knight Riders]] || 75 || [[Sunrisers Hyderabad]]
|-
| 182
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Ishant|Sharma}}
| {{cr|IND}} || Bowler || 109 || Capped || 75 || [[Gujarat Titans]] || 75 || [[Delhi Capitals]]
|-
| 183
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Nuwan|Thushara}}
| {{cr|SL}} || Bowler || 7 || Capped || 75 || [[Royal Challengers Bengaluru]] || 160 || [[Mumbai Indians]]
|-
| 185
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Jaydev|Unadkat}}
| {{cr|IND}} || Bowler || 105 || Capped || 100 || [[Sunrisers Hyderabad]] || 100 || [[Sunrisers Hyderabad]]
|-
| 193
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Sachin|Baby}}
| {{cr|IND}} || Batter || 19 || Uncapped || 30 || [[Sunrisers Hyderabad]] || 30 || [[Sunrisers Hyderabad]]
|-
| 195
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Harnoor|Singh}}
| {{cr|IND}} || Batter || {{N/A}} || Uncapped || 30 || [[Punjab Kings]] || 30 || {{N/A}}
|-
| 198
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Andre|Siddarth}}
| {{cr|IND}} || Batter || {{N/A}} || Uncapped || 30 || [[Chennai Super Kings]] || 30 || {{N/A}}
|-
| 201
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Yudhvir|Singh|dab=cricketer}}
| {{cr|IND}} || All-rounder || 5 || Uncapped || 30 || [[Rajasthan Royals]] || 35 || [[Lucknow Super Giants]]
|-
| 203
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Rajvardhan|Hangargekar}}
| {{cr|IND}} || All-rounder || 2 || Uncapped || 30 || [[Lucknow Super Giants]] || 30 || [[Chennai Super Kings]]
|-
| 205
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Arshin|Kulkarni}}
| {{cr|IND}} || All-rounder || 2 || Uncapped || 30 || [[Lucknow Super Giants]] || 30 || [[Lucknow Super Giants]]
|-
| 217
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Ashwani|Kumar|dab=cricketer}}
| {{cr|IND}} || Bowler || {{N/A}} || Uncapped || 30 || [[Mumbai Indians]] || 30 || {{N/A}}
|-
| 220
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Akash|Singh|dab=cricketer, born 2002}}
| {{cr|IND}} || Bowler || 7 || Uncapped || 30 || [[Lucknow Super Giants]] || 30 || [[Sunrisers Hyderabad]]
|-
| 221
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Gurjapneet|Singh}}
| {{cr|IND}} || Bowler || 2 || Uncapped || 30 || [[Chennai Super Kings]] || 220 || {{N/A}}
|-
| 231
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Matthew|Breetzke}}
| {{cr|SA}} || Batter || {{N/A}} || Capped || {{N/A}} || [[Lucknow Super Giants]] || 75 || {{N/A}}
|-
| 244
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Mitchell|Santner}}
| {{cr|NZ}} || All-rounder || 18 || Capped || 200 || [[Mumbai Indians]] || 200 || [[Chennai Super Kings]]
|-
| 245
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Jayant|Yadav}}
| {{cr|IND}} || All-rounder || 20 || Capped || 75 || [[Gujarat Titans]] || 75 || [[Gujarat Titans]]
|-
| 252
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Fazalhaq|Farooqi}}
| {{cr|AFG}} || Bowler || 7 || Capped || 200 || [[Rajasthan Royals]] || 200 || [[Sunrisers Hyderabad]]
|-
| 256
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Kwena|Maphaka}}
| {{cr|SA}} || Bowler || 2 || Capped || 75 || [[Rajasthan Royals]] || 150 || [[Mumbai Indians]]
|-
| 257
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Kuldeep|Sen}}
| {{cr|IND}} || Bowler || 12 || Capped || 75 || [[Punjab Kings]] || 80 || [[Rajasthan Royals]]
|-
| 258
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Reece|Topley}}
| {{cr|ENG}} || Bowler || 5 || Capped || 75 || [[Mumbai Indians]] || 75 || [[Royal Challengers Bengaluru]]
|-
| 259
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Lizaad|Williams}}
| {{cr|SA}} || Bowler || 2 || Capped || 75 || [[Mumbai Indians]] || 75 || [[Delhi Capitals]]
|-
| 269
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Priyansh|Arya}}
| {{cr|IND}} || All-rounder || {{N/A}} || Uncapped || 30 || [[Punjab Kings]] || 380 || {{N/A}}
|-
| 270
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Manoj|Bhandage}}
| {{cr|IND}} || All-rounder || {{N/A}} || Uncapped || 30 || [[Royal Challengers Bengaluru]] || 30 || [[Royal Challengers Bengaluru]]
|-
| 271
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Praveen|Dubey}}
| {{cr|IND}} || All-rounder || 4 || Uncapped || 30 || [[Punjab Kings]] || 30 || [[Delhi Capitals]]
|-
| 272
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Ajay|Mandal}}
| {{cr|IND}} || All-rounder || {{N/A}} || Uncapped || 30 || [[Delhi Capitals]] || 30 || [[Chennai Super Kings]]
|-
| 274
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Vipraj|Nigam}}
| {{cr|IND}} || All-rounder || {{N/A}} || Uncapped || 30 || [[Delhi Capitals]] || 50 || {{N/A}}
|-
| 281
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Krishnan|Shrijith}}
| {{cr|IND}} || All-rounder || {{N/A}} || Uncapped || 30 || [[Mumbai Indians]] || 30 || {{N/A}}
|-
| 296
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Mohit|Rathee}}
| {{cr|IND}} || Bowler || 1 || Uncapped || 30 || [[Royal Challengers Bengaluru]] || 30 || {{N/A}}
|-
| 306
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Jacob|Bethell}}
| {{cr|ENG}} || All-rounder || {{N/A}} || Capped || 125 || [[Royal Challengers Bengaluru]] || 260 || {{N/A}}
|-
| 307
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Brydon|Carse}}
| {{cr|ENG}} || All-rounder || {{N/A}} || Capped || 100 || [[Sunrisers Hyderabad]] || 100 || {{N/A}}
|-
| 308
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Aaron|Hardie}}
| {{cr|AUS}} || All-rounder || {{N/A}} || Capped || 125 || [[Punjab Kings]] || 125 || {{N/A}}
|-
| 311
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Kamindu|Mendis}}
| {{cr|SL}} || All-rounder || {{N/A}} || Capped || 75 || [[Sunrisers Hyderabad]] || 75 || {{N/A}}
|-
| 314
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Dushmantha|Chameera}}
| {{cr|SL}} || Bowler || 13 || Capped || 75 || [[Delhi Capitals]] || 75 || [[Lucknow Super Giants]]
|-
| 315
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Nathan|Ellis}}
| {{cr|AUS}} || Bowler || 16 || Capped || 100 || [[Chennai Super Kings]] || 200 || [[Punjab Kings]]
|-
| 316
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Shamar|Joseph}} {{dagger}}
| {{cr|WIN}} || Bowler || 1 || Capped || 75 || [[Lucknow Super Giants]] || 75 || [[Lucknow Super Giants]]
|-
| 325
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Aniket|Verma}}
| {{cr|IND}} || Batter || {{N/A}} || Uncapped || 30 || [[Sunrisers Hyderabad]] || 30 || {{N/A}}
|-
| 329
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Raj Angad|Bawa}}
| {{cr|IND}} || All-rounder || 2 || Uncapped || 30 || [[Mumbai Indians]] || 30 || {{N/A}}
|-
| 331
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Musheer|Khan}}
| {{cr|IND}} || All-rounder || {{N/A}} || Uncapped || 30 || [[Punjab Kings]] || 30 || {{N/A}}
|-
| 332
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Manvanth|Kumar L}}
| {{cr|IND}} || All-rounder || {{N/A}} || Uncapped || 30 || [[Delhi Capitals]] || 30 || {{N/A}}
|-
| 334
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Suryansh|Shedge}}
| {{cr|IND}} || All-rounder || {{N/A}} || Uncapped || 30 || [[Punjab Kings]] || 30 || {{N/A}}
|-
| 346
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Kulwant|Khejroliya}}
| {{cr|IND}} || Bowler || 7 || Uncapped || 30 || [[Gujarat Titans]] || 30 || {{N/A}}
|-
| 350
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Prince|Yadav}}
| {{cr|IND}} || All-rounder || {{N/A}} || Uncapped || 30 || [[Lucknow Super Giants]] || 30 || {{N/A}}
|-
| 363
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Jamie|Overton}}
| {{cr|ENG}} || All-rounder || {{N/A}} || Capped || 150 || [[Chennai Super Kings]] || 150 || {{N/A}}
|-
| 366
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Xavier|Bartlett}}
| {{cr|AUS}} || Bowler || {{N/A}} || Capped || 75 || [[Punjab Kings]] || 80 || {{N/A}}
|-
| 369
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Lungi|Ngidi}}
| {{cr|SA}} || Bowler || {{N/A}} || Capped || 30 || [[Royal Challengers Bengaluru]] || 100 || [[Delhi Capitals]]
|-
| 382
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Yuvraj|Chaudhary}}
| {{cr|IND}} || All-rounder || {{N/A}} || Uncapped || 30 || [[Lucknow Super Giants]] || 30 || {{N/A}}
|-
| 385
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Kamlesh|Nagarkoti}}
| {{cr|IND}} || All-rounder || 12 || Uncapped || 30 || [[Chennai Super Kings]] || 30 || {{N/A}}
|-
| 401
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Abhinandan|Singh}}
| {{cr|IND}} || Bowler || {{N/A}} || Uncapped || 30 || [[Royal Challengers Bengaluru]] || 30 || {{N/A}}
|-
| 405
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Karim|Janat}}
| {{cr|AFG}} || All-rounder || {{N/A}} || Capped || 30 || [[Gujarat Titans]] || 75 || {{N/A}}
|-
| 416
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Pyla|Avinash}}
| {{cr|IND}} || Batter || {{N/A}} || Uncapped || 30 || [[Punjab Kings]] || 30 || {{N/A}}
|-
| 425
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Ramakrishna|Ghosh}}
| {{cr|IND}} || All-rounder || {{N/A}} || Uncapped || 30 || [[Chennai Super Kings]] || 30 || {{N/A}}
|-
| 453
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Bevon|Jacobs}}
| {{cr|NZ}} || Batter || {{N/A}} || Uncapped || 30 || [[Mumbai Indians]] || 30 || {{N/A}}
|-
| 470
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Ashok|Sharma|dab=cricketer}}
| {{cr|IND}} || Bowler || {{N/A}} || Uncapped || 30 || [[Rajasthan Royals]] || 30 || {{N/A}}
|-
| 491
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Vaibhav|Sooryavanshi}}
| {{cr|IND}} || Batter || {{N/A}} || Uncapped || 30 || [[Rajasthan Royals]] || 110 || {{N/A}}
|-
| 529
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Eshan|Malinga}}
| {{cr|SL}} || Bowler || {{N/A}} || Uncapped || 30 || [[Sunrisers Hyderabad]] || 120 || {{N/A}}
|-
| 557
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Tripurana|Vijay}}
| {{cr|IND}} || All-rounder || {{N/A}} || Uncapped || 30 || [[Delhi Capitals]] || 30 || {{N/A}}
|-
| 565
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Madhav|Tiwari}}
| {{cr|IND}} || All-rounder || {{N/A}} || Uncapped || 30 || [[Delhi Capitals]] || 40 || {{N/A}}
|-
| 572
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Vignesh|Puthur}}
| {{cr|IND}} || All-rounder || {{N/A}} || Uncapped || 30 || [[Mumbai Indians]] || 30 || {{N/A}}
|}

== Support staff changes ==

{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"
|+ Support staff changes for the 2025 Indian Premier League
! scope="col" | Team
! scope="col" | Position
! scope="col" | Outgoing<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-08-08 |title=IPL 2024 coaches: Full coaching and support staff for each Indian Premier League team |url=https://www.wisden.com/series/tata-indian-premier-league-2023-24/cricket-news/ipl-2024-coaches-full-coaching-support-staff-for-each-indian-premier-league-team |access-date=2025-06-21 |website=Wisden |language=en |archive-date=21 June 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250621155521/https://www.wisden.com/series/tata-indian-premier-league-2023-24/cricket-news/ipl-2024-coaches-full-coaching-support-staff-for-each-indian-premier-league-team |url-status=live }}</ref>
! scope="col" | Incoming<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-03-18 |title=IPL 2025: Who Are The Captains And Coaching Staff Of Each Team? |url=https://www.wisden.com/series/ipl-2025/cricket-news/ipl-2025-who-are-the-captains-and-coaching-staff-of-each-team |access-date=2025-04-10 |website=Wisden |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250621155521/https://www.wisden.com/series/ipl-2025/cricket-news/ipl-2025-who-are-the-captains-and-coaching-staff-of-each-team |archive-date=2025-06-21}}</ref>
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | {{Ref.}}
|-
! scope="row" | [[Chennai Super Kings]]
| Bowling coach || {{sortname|Dwayne|Bravo}} || {{N/A}} || <ref name=bravo>{{cite web|title=Dwayne Bravo parts ways with CSK, joins KKR as mentor for IPL 2025|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/dwayne-bravo-parts-ways-with-csk-joins-kkr-as-mentor-for-ipl-2025-1452787|access-date=2024-09-27|publisher=[[ESPNcricinfo]]|language=en|archive-date=9 October 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241009174446/https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/dwayne-bravo-parts-ways-with-csk-joins-kkr-as-mentor-for-ipl-2025-1452787|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
! scope="rowgroup" rowspan="5" | [[Delhi Capitals]]
| Head Coach || {{sortname|Ricky|Ponting}} || {{sortname|Hemang|Badani}} || <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ricky Ponting and Delhi Capitals part ways |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ricky-ponting-and-delhi-capitals-part-ways-1443237 |access-date=2024-10-08 |publisher=[[ESPNcricinfo]] |language=en |archive-date=8 October 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241008110847/https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ricky-ponting-and-delhi-capitals-part-ways-1443237 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=badani>{{Cite web |title=Hemang Badani to take over as Delhi Capitals head coach |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ipl-2025-badani-to-take-over-as-dc-head-coach-1455673 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250429135324/https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ipl-2025-badani-to-take-over-as-dc-head-coach-1455673 |archive-date=29 April 2025 |access-date=2025-11-22 |publisher=[[ESPNcricinfo]] |language=en |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| Assistant coach || {{sortname|Pravin|Amre}} {{sortname|Ajit|Agarkar}} || {{sortname|Matthew|Mott}} || <ref>{{Cite web|title=IPL 2025: Pravin Amre Set To Part Ways With Delhi Capitals After Nine Years Of Service|url=https://cricket.one/cricket-news/ipl-2025-pravin-amre-set-to-part-ways-with-delhi-capitals-after-nine-years-of-service/6715f74961fef6eaeec8ac0d|access-date=2024-10-21|website=OneCricket|date=21 October 2024|language=en|archive-date=28 October 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241028154836/https://cricket.one/cricket-news/ipl-2025-pravin-amre-set-to-part-ways-with-delhi-capitals-after-nine-years-of-service/6715f74961fef6eaeec8ac0d|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-02-25 |title=Matthew Mott joins Delhi Capitals as assistant coach |url=https://www.espn.co.uk/cricket/story/_/id/44007001/ipl-2025-dc-news-matthew-mott-joins-delhi-capitals-assistant-coach |access-date=2025-11-22 |website=[[Espn.co.uk]] |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| Bowling coach || {{sortname|James|Hopes}} || {{sortname|Munaf|Patel}} ||<ref>{{Cite web |title=IPL 2025: Munaf Patel joins Delhi Capitals as bowling coach |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ipl-2025-munaf-patel-joins-delhi-capitals-as-bowling-coach-1459344 |access-date=2024-11-12 |publisher=[[ESPNcricinfo]] |language=en |archive-date=25 November 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241125110030/https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ipl-2025-munaf-patel-joins-delhi-capitals-as-bowling-coach-1459344 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| Fielding coach || {{sortname|Biju|George}} || {{sortname|Anton|Roux}} {{sortname|Gnaneswara|Rao|dab=cricketer}} || <ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-02-24 |title=IPL 2025: KKR appoint former Delhi Capitals coach as Head of Scouting |url=https://www.mykhel.com/cricket/ipl-2025-kkr-appoint-former-delhi-capitals-coach-as-head-of-scouting-343297.html |access-date=2025-11-22 |website=Mykhel.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-03-11 |title=IPL 2025: Delhi Capitals rope in 2 new coaches days ahead of the tournament |url=https://cricketaddictor.com/cricket-news/ipl-2025-delhi-capitals-rope-in-2-new-coaches-days-ahead-of-the-tournament-116063/ |access-date=2025-11-22 |work=Cricket Addictor |language=en-us |archive-date=22 April 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250422193733/https://cricketaddictor.com/cricket-news/ipl-2025-delhi-capitals-rope-in-2-new-coaches-days-ahead-of-the-tournament-116063/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| Mentor || {{N/A}} || {{sortname|Kevin|Pietersen}} ||<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kevin Pietersen joins Delhi Capitals as team mentor |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ipl-2025-kevin-pietersen-joins-delhi-capitals-as-team-mentor-1475039 |access-date=2025-02-27 |publisher=[[ESPNcricinfo]] |language=en}}</ref>
|-
! scope="rowgroup" rowspan="2" | [[Gujarat Titans]]
| Assistant coach || {{sortname|Mithun|Manhas}} || {{sortname|Matthew|Wade}} || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://m.cricbuzz.com/cricket-news/133709/matthew-wade-returns-to-gujarat-titans-as-assistant-coach|title=Matthew Wade returns to Gujarat Titans as Assistant Coach|date=9 March 2025|publisher=[[Cricbuzz]]|access-date=10 March 2025|archive-date=29 March 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250329182546/https://m.cricbuzz.com/cricket-news/133709/matthew-wade-returns-to-gujarat-titans-as-assistant-coach|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| Batting coach and mentor || {{sortname|Gary|Kirsten}} || {{sortname|Parthiv|Patel}} || <ref>{{Cite web|title=IPL: Parthiv Patel set to join Gujarat Titans as batting mentor|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/ipl/ipl-parthiv-patel-set-to-join-gujarat-titans-as-batting-mentor/articleshow/114462746.cms|access-date=2024-10-22|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=22 October 2024|language=en|archive-date=6 December 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241206183354/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/ipl/ipl-parthiv-patel-set-to-join-gujarat-titans-as-batting-mentor/articleshow/114462746.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
! scope="rowgroup" rowspan="2" | [[Kolkata Knight Riders]]
| Assistant coach || {{sortname|Abhishek|Nayar}} {{sortname|Omkar|Salvi}} {{sortname|Ryan ten|Doeschate}} || {{sortname|Ottis|Gibson}} {{sortname|Carl|Crowe}} || <ref name=salvi/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://m.cricbuzz.com/cricket-news/133703/ottis-gibson-joins-kkr-as-assistant-coach|title=Ottis Gibson joins KKR as Assistant Coach|publisher=[[Cricbuzz]]|date=8 March 2025|access-date=10 March 2025|archive-date=29 March 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250329182528/https://m.cricbuzz.com/cricket-news/133703/ottis-gibson-joins-kkr-as-assistant-coach|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=IPL 2025: Spin Could Play Key Role, Says KKR Bowling Coach Carl Crowe Ahead Of GT Clash |url=https://sports.ndtv.com/ipl-2025/ipl-2025-spin-could-play-key-role-says-kkr-bowling-coach-carl-crowe-ahead-of-gt-clash-8211981 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250516144100/https://sports.ndtv.com/ipl-2025/ipl-2025-spin-could-play-key-role-says-kkr-bowling-coach-carl-crowe-ahead-of-gt-clash-8211981 |archive-date=16 May 2025 |access-date=2025-11-22 |work=[[NDTV Sports]] |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| Mentor || {{sortname|Gautam|Gambhir}} || {{sortname|Dwayne|Bravo}} || <ref name=bravo/>
|-
! scope="row" | [[Lucknow Super Giants]]
| Mentor || {{N/A}} || {{sortname|Zaheer|Khan}} || <ref>{{Cite web|title=IPL 2025: Zaheer Khan joins LSG as mentor|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ipl-2025-zaheer-khan-to-join-lucknow-super-giants-as-mentor-1448743|access-date=2024-08-28|publisher=[[ESPNcricinfo]]|language=en|archive-date=25 September 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240925052556/https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ipl-2025-zaheer-khan-to-join-lucknow-super-giants-as-mentor-1448743|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
! scope="rowgroup" rowspan="3" | [[Mumbai Indians]]
| Head coach || {{sortname|Mark|Boucher}} || {{sortname|Mahela|Jayawardene}} || <ref>{{Cite web|title=2017, 2019, 2020, check. The MJ era returns to pocket IPL 2025|url=https://www.mumbaiindians.com/news/2017-2019-2020-check-the-mj-era-returns-to-pocket-ipl-2025-mahela-jayawardene|access-date=2024-10-28|publisher=[[Mumbai Indians]]|date=14 October 2024|language=en|archive-date=9 January 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250109170741/https://www.mumbaiindians.com/news/2017-2019-2020-check-the-mj-era-returns-to-pocket-ipl-2025-mahela-jayawardene|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| Bowling coach || {{N/A}} || {{sortname|Paras|Mhambrey}} || <ref>{{Cite web|title=Paras Mhambrey joins Mumbai Indians as bowling coach|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/ipl/top-stories/paras-mhambrey-joins-mumbai-indians-as-bowling-coach/articleshow/114181736.cms|access-date=2024-10-13|website=[[The Times of India]]|date=13 October 2024 |language=en|archive-date=19 November 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241119010639/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/ipl/top-stories/paras-mhambrey-joins-mumbai-indians-as-bowling-coach/articleshow/114181736.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| Fielding coach || {{sortname|James|Pamment}} || {{sortname|Carl|Hopkinson}} || <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ipl-2025-mumbai-indians-appoint-carl-hopkinson-as-fielding-coach-1464817|title=Carl Hopkinson replaces James Pamment as Mumbai Indians' fielding coach|publisher=[[ESPNcricinfo]]|date=2024-12-13|access-date=11 March 2025|archive-date=12 March 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250312121951/https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ipl-2025-mumbai-indians-appoint-carl-hopkinson-as-fielding-coach-1464817|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
! scope="rowgroup" rowspan="2" | [[Punjab Kings]]
| Head coach || {{sortname|Trevor|Bayliss}} || {{sortname|Ricky|Ponting}} || <ref>{{Cite news|title=Ponting appointed Punjab Kings head coach|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ipl-2025-ricky-ponting-appointed-punjab-kings-head-coach-1449547|access-date=2024-09-18|publisher=[[ESPNcricinfo]]|archive-date=9 October 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241009174502/https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ipl-2025-ricky-ponting-appointed-punjab-kings-head-coach-1449547|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| Bowling coach || {{sortname|Charl|Langeveldt}} || {{sortname|James|Hopes}} ||<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.crictracker.com/cricket-news/reports-james-hopes-set-to-become-fast-bowling-coach-of-punjab-kings-9966-4595/|title=James Hopes set to become fast-bowling coach of Punjab Kings|work=CricTracker|date=2024-10-17|access-date=11 March 2025|archive-date=12 March 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250312122105/https://www.crictracker.com/cricket-news/reports-james-hopes-set-to-become-fast-bowling-coach-of-punjab-kings-9966-4595/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
! scope="rowgroup" rowspan="2" | [[Rajasthan Royals]]
| Head coach || {{sortname|Kumar|Sangakkara}} || {{sortname|Rahul|Dravid}} || <ref>{{Cite web |title=Dravid unveiled as Rajasthan Royals head coach |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/rahul-dravid-unveiled-as-rajasthan-royals-head-coach-1450060 |date=2024-09-06 |publisher=[[ESPNcricinfo]] |access-date=18 November 2024 |archive-date=10 October 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241010001022/https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/rahul-dravid-unveiled-as-rajasthan-royals-head-coach-1450060 |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| Batting coach || {{N/A}} || {{sortname|Vikram|Rathour}} || <ref>{{Cite web|title=Rathour joins Rajasthan Royals as batting coach|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ipl-vikram-rathour-joins-rajasthan-royals-as-batting-coach-1451830|date=2024-09-20|publisher=[[ESPNcricinfo]]|access-date=18 November 2024|archive-date=9 October 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241009174455/https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ipl-vikram-rathour-joins-rajasthan-royals-as-batting-coach-1451830|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" rowspan="2" | [[Royal Challengers Bengaluru]]
| Batting coach and mentor || {{sortname|Neil|McKenzie}} || {{sortname|Dinesh|Karthik}} || <ref>{{Cite web|title=Dinesh Karthik named RCB batting coach and mentor|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ipl-karthik-named-royal-challengers-bengaluru-batting-coach-and-mentor-1441786|date=2024-07-01|publisher=[[ESPNcricinfo]]|access-date=18 November 2024|archive-date=3 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240703215228/https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ipl-karthik-named-royal-challengers-bengaluru-batting-coach-and-mentor-1441786|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| Bowling coach || {{sortname|Adam|Griffith}} || {{sortname|Omkar|Salvi}} || <ref name=salvi>{{cite web|url=https://m.cricbuzz.com/cricket-news/132462/rcb-sign-omkar-salvi-as-mens-bowling-coach-for-ipl-2025|title=RCB sign Omkar Salvi as men's bowling coach for IPL 2025|date=18 November 2024|publisher=[[Cricbuzz]]|language=en|access-date=17 March 2025|archive-date=29 March 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250329182624/https://m.cricbuzz.com/cricket-news/132462/rcb-sign-omkar-salvi-as-mens-bowling-coach-for-ipl-2025|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
! scope="rowgroup" rowspan="2" | [[Sunrisers Hyderabad]]
| Batting coach || {{sortname|Hemang|Badani}} || {{N/A}} || <ref name=badani/>
|-
| Bowling coach || {{sortname|Dale|Steyn}} || {{sortname|James|Franklin|dab=cricketer}} || <ref>{{Cite web|title=Steyn and Sunrisers Hyderabad part ways before IPL 2025|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ipl-2025-dale-steyn-not-to-return-as-srh-bowling-coach-1455621|access-date=2024-10-17|publisher=[[ESPNcricinfo]]|language=en|archive-date=31 October 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241031032416/https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ipl-2025-dale-steyn-not-to-return-as-srh-bowling-coach-1455621|url-status=live}}</ref>
|}

== Withdrawn players ==
The following players were ruled out and/or unavailable for the rest of the season due to either injury or national duties. The franchises were allowed to pick a replacement player from the unsold players at the auction to replace the withdrawn players.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-05-14 |title=Explained: The Updated IPL Player Replacement Rules Ahead Of Resumption |url=https://www.wisden.com/series/ipl-2025/cricket-news/explained-the-updated-ipl-player-replacement-rules-after-leagues-suspension |access-date=2026-01-15 |website=Wisden |language=en |archive-date=16 May 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250516113751/https://www.wisden.com/series/ipl-2025/cricket-news/explained-the-updated-ipl-player-replacement-rules-after-leagues-suspension |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-05-14 |title=IPL 2025: Jamie Overton withdraws as league revises replacement rules |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/cricket/articles/c5ygdzepxlqo |access-date=2026-01-15 |website=[[BBC Sport]] |language=en-GB |archive-date=15 May 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250515033814/https://www.bbc.com/sport/cricket/articles/c5ygdzepxlqo |url-status=live }}</ref>

: ''{{double dagger}} denotes temporary replacement players.''
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" style="font-size:85%;"
|+ Withdrawn players from the 2025 Indian Premier League
! scope="col" | Player
! scope="col" | Team
! scope="col" | Auctioned/retention price
! scope="col" | Reason
! scope="col" | Withdrawal announcement date
! scope="col" | Replacement player
! scope="col" | Replacement player's price<ref>[[#Auction List|2025 IPL Auction List]]</ref>
! scope="col" | Signing date
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | {{Ref.}}
|-
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Allah Mohammad|Ghazanfar}}
| [[Mumbai Indians]] || {{INRConvert|4.80|c}} || Back injury || 16 February 2025 || {{sortname|Mujeeb Ur|Rahman}} || {{INRConvert|2|c}} || 16 February 2025 || <ref>{{Cite web|title=Mujeeb Ur Rahman replaces injured AM Ghazanfar in Mumbai Indians' squad for IPL 2025|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ipl-2025-mujeeb-ur-rahman-replaces-injured-am-ghazanfar-for-mi-1473416|publisher=[[ESPNcricinfo]]|language=en|access-date=16 February 2024|archive-date=16 February 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250216091519/https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ipl-2025-mujeeb-ur-rahman-replaces-injured-am-ghazanfar-for-mi-1473416|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Brydon|Carse}}
| [[Sunrisers Hyderabad]] || {{INRConvert|1|c}} || Toe injury || 6 March 2025 || {{sortname|Wiaan|Mulder}} || {{INRConvert|75|l}} || 6 March 2025 || <ref>{{Cite web|title=Injured Carse ruled out of IPL 2025, SRH sign Mulder as replacement|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ipl-2025-wiaan-mulder-replaces-injured-brydon-carse-for-srh-1476166|publisher=[[ESPNcricinfo]]|language=en|access-date=6 March 2024|archive-date=6 March 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250306132101/https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ipl-2025-wiaan-mulder-replaces-injured-brydon-carse-for-srh-1476166|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Lizaad|Williams}}
| [[Mumbai Indians]] || {{INRConvert|75|l}} || Knee injury || 8 March 2025 || {{sortname|Corbin|Bosch}} || {{INRConvert|75|l}} || 8 March 2025 || <ref>{{Cite web|title=Corbin Bosch replaces injured Lizaad Williams at Mumbai Indians|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ipl-2025-corbin-bosch-replaces-injured-lizaad-williams-at-mumbai-indians-1476356|publisher=[[ESPNcricinfo]]|language=en|access-date=10 March 2024|archive-date=8 March 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250308195728/https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ipl-2025-corbin-bosch-replaces-injured-lizaad-williams-at-mumbai-indians-1476356|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Harry|Brook}}
| [[Delhi Capitals]] || {{INRConvert|6.25|c}} || National duty || 9 March 2025 || {{sortname|Sediqullah|Atal}} || {{INRConvert|1.25|c}} || 7 May 2025 || <ref>{{Cite web|title=Harry Brook pulls out of IPL for second year running|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/harry-brook-pulls-out-of-ipl-for-second-year-running-1476573|publisher=[[ESPNcricinfo]]|language=en|access-date=10 March 2024|archive-date=9 March 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250309164820/https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/harry-brook-pulls-out-of-ipl-for-second-year-running-1476573|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-05-24 |title=Who Is Sediqullah Atal? Afghan Batter Who Hit Seven Sixes In An Over Makes IPL Debut |url=https://www.cricket.com/news/who-is-sediqullah-atal-afghan-batter-who-hit-seven-sixes-in-an-over-makes-ipl-debut-5242025-1748095957209 |access-date=2025-11-21 |website=Cricket.com |language=en |archive-date=24 May 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250524215407/https://www.cricket.com/news/who-is-sediqullah-atal-afghan-batter-who-hit-seven-sixes-in-an-over-makes-ipl-debut-5242025-1748095957209 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Umran|Malik}}
| [[Kolkata Knight Riders]] || {{INRConvert|75|l}} || Injury || 16 March 2025 || {{sortname|Chetan|Sakariya}} || {{INRConvert|75|l}} || 16 March 2025 || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-news/133765/kkr-sign-chetan-sakariya-as-replacement-for-umran-malik|title=KKR sign Chetan Sakariya as replacement for Umran Malik|publisher=[[Cricbuzz]]|date=16 March 2025|language=en|access-date=21 June 2025|archive-date=21 June 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250621155058/https://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-news/133765/kkr-sign-chetan-sakariya-as-replacement-for-umran-malik|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Mohsin|Khan|dab=Indian cricketer}}
| [[Lucknow Super Giants]] || {{INRConvert|4|c}} || ACL tear || 23 March 2025 || {{sortname|Shardul|Thakur}} || {{INRConvert|2|c}} || 23 March 2025 || <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-news/133819/shardul-thakur-to-replace-injured-mohsin-khan-at-lsg|title=Shardul Thakur to replace injured Mohsin Khan at LSG|publisher=[[Cricbuzz]]|date=23 March 2025|language=en|access-date=24 March 2025|archive-date=23 March 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250323100615/https://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-news/133819/shardul-thakur-to-replace-injured-mohsin-khan-at-lsg|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Ruturaj|Gaikwad}}
| [[Chennai Super Kings]] || {{INRConvert|18|c}} || Elbow injury || 10 April 2025 || {{sortname|Ayush|Mhatre}} || {{INRConvert|75|l}} || 14 April 2025 || <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=14 April 2025 |title=CSK pick Ayush Mhatre as injury replacement for Ruturaj Gaikwad, SRH sign Smaran Ravichandran for the injured Adam Zampa |url=https://www.iplt20.com/news/4161/csk-pick-ayush-mhatre-as-injury-replacement-for-ruturaj-gaikwad-srh-sign-smaran-ravichandran-for-the-injured-adam-zampa |website=[[IPLT20.com]] |access-date=15 April 2025 |archive-date=15 April 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250415071718/https://www.iplt20.com/news/4161/csk-pick-ayush-mhatre-as-injury-replacement-for-ruturaj-gaikwad-srh-sign-smaran-ravichandran-for-the-injured-adam-zampa |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Glenn|Phillips|dab=cricketer}}
| [[Gujarat Titans]] || {{INRConvert|2|c}} || Groin injury || 12 April 2025 || {{sortname|Dasun|Shanaka}} || {{INRConvert|75|l}} || 17 April 2025 || <ref>{{Cite web|title=Gujarat Titans sign Sri Lanka's Dasun Shanaka as replacement for Glenn Phillips|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cricket/gujarat-titans-sign-sri-lankas-dasun-shanaka-as-replacement-for-glenn-phillips-101744935945750.html|work=[[Hindustan Times]]|language=en|date=17 April 2025|access-date=18 April 2025|archive-date=19 April 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250419043133/https://www.hindustantimes.com/cricket/gujarat-titans-sign-sri-lankas-dasun-shanaka-as-replacement-for-glenn-phillips-101744935945750.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Lockie|Ferguson}}
| [[Punjab Kings]] || {{INRConvert|2|c}} || Hamstring injury || 13 April 2025 || {{sortname|Kyle|Jamieson}} {{double dagger}} || {{INRConvert|2|c}} || 15 May 2025 || <ref name=":1" >{{Cite web |date=15 May 2025 |title=PBKS, GT, and LSG announce replacements |url=https://www.iplt20.com/news/4212/pbks-gt-and-lsg-announce-replacements |website=[[IPLT20.com]] |access-date=15 May 2025 |archive-date=15 May 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250515145100/https://www.iplt20.com/news/4212/pbks-gt-and-lsg-announce-replacements |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Adam|Zampa}}
| [[Sunrisers Hyderabad]] || {{INRConvert|2.40|c}} || Shoulder injury || 14 April 2025 || {{sortname|Smaran|Ravichandran}} || {{INRConvert|30|l}} || 14 April 2025 || <ref name=":0" />
|-
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Gurjapneet|Singh}}
| [[Chennai Super Kings]] || {{INRConvert|2.2|c}} || Injury || 18 April 2025 || {{sortname|Dewald|Brevis}} || {{INRConvert|2.2|c}} || 18 April 2025 || <ref>{{Cite web |date=18 April 2025 |title=Chennai Super Kings sign Dewald Brevis as a replacement for the injured Gurjapneet Singh |url=https://www.iplt20.com/news/4168/chennai-super-kings-sign-dewald-brevis-as-a-replacement-for-the-injured-gurjapneet-singh |website=[[IPLT20.com]] |access-date=18 April 2025 |archive-date=18 April 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250418102216/https://www.iplt20.com/news/4168/chennai-super-kings-sign-dewald-brevis-as-a-replacement-for-the-injured-gurjapneet-singh |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Vignesh|Puthur}}
| [[Mumbai Indians]] || {{INRConvert|30|l}} || Shin bones injury || 1 May 2025 || {{sortname|Raghu|Sharma|dab=cricketer}} || {{INRConvert|30|l}} || 1 May 2025 || <ref>{{cite web|title=MI replace Vignesh Puthur with Raghu Sharma for remainder of IPL |date=1 May 2025 |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cricket/mi-replace-vignesh-puthur-with-raghu-sharma-for-remainder-of-ipl-101746083947872.html |work=[[Hindustan Times]]}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Glenn|Maxwell}}
| [[Punjab Kings]] || {{INRConvert|4.2|c}} || Finger injury || 1 May 2025 || {{sortname|Mitchell|Owen}} || {{INRConvert|3|c}} || 3 May 2025 || <ref>{{Cite web |date=3 May 2025 |title=Punjab Kings pick Mitch Owen as a replacement for the injured Glenn Maxwell |url=https://www.iplt20.com/news/4193/punjab-kings-pick-mitch-owen-as-a-replacement-for-the-injured-glenn-maxwell |website=[[IPLT20.com]] |access-date=5 May 2025 |archive-date=5 May 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250505174939/https://www.iplt20.com/news/4193/punjab-kings-pick-mitch-owen-as-a-replacement-for-the-injured-glenn-maxwell |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Vansh|Bedi}}
| [[Chennai Super Kings]] || {{INRConvert|55|l}} || Ankle injury || 5 May 2025 || {{sortname|Urvil|Patel}} || {{INRConvert|30|l}} || 5 May 2025 || <ref>{{Cite web |date=5 May 2025 |title=CSK sign Urvil Patel as a replacement for injured Vansh Bedi |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ipl-2025-csk-sign-urvil-patel-as-a-replacement-for-injured-vansh-bedi-1484766 |publisher=[[ESPNcricinfo]] |access-date=5 May 2025 |archive-date=5 May 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250505185037/https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ipl-2025-csk-sign-urvil-patel-as-a-replacement-for-injured-vansh-bedi-1484766 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Smaran|Ravichandran}}
| [[Sunrisers Hyderabad]] || {{INRConvert|30|l}} || Injury || 5 May 2025 || {{sortname|Harsh|Dubey}} || {{INRConvert|30|l}} || 5 May 2025 ||<ref>{{Cite web |date=5 May 2025 |title=Sunrisers Hyderabad sign Harsh Dubey as injury replacement for Smaran Ravichandran |url=https://www.iplt20.com/news/4196/sunrisers-hyderabad-sign-harsh-dubey-as-injury-replacement-for-smaran-ravichandran |website=[[IPLT20.com]] |access-date=8 May 2025 |archive-date=8 May 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250508093754/https://www.iplt20.com/news/4196/sunrisers-hyderabad-sign-harsh-dubey-as-injury-replacement-for-smaran-ravichandran |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Devdutt|Padikkal}}
| [[Royal Challengers Bengaluru]] || {{INRConvert|2|c}}|| Right hamstring injury || 7 May 2025 || {{sortname|Mayank|Agarwal}} || {{INRConvert|1|c}} || 7 May 2025 || <ref>{{Cite web |date=May 7, 2025 |title=Royal Challengers Bengaluru sign Mayank Agarwal as injury replacement for Devdutt Padikkal |url=https://www.iplt20.com/news/4204/royal-challengers-bengaluru-sign-mayank-agarwal-as-injury-replacement-for-devdutt-padikkal |website=[[IPLT20.com]] |access-date=7 May 2025 |archive-date=14 May 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250514101946/https://www.iplt20.com/news/4204/royal-challengers-bengaluru-sign-mayank-agarwal-as-injury-replacement-for-devdutt-padikkal |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Nitish|Rana}}
| [[Rajasthan Royals]] || {{INRConvert|4.2|c}}|| Calf injury || 8 May 2025 || {{sortname|Lhuan-dre|Pretorius}} || {{INRConvert|30|l}} || 8 May 2025 || <ref>{{Cite web |date=May 8, 2025 |title=Rajasthan Royals pick Lhuan-dre Pretorius for the injured Nitish Rana|url=https://www.iplt20.com/news/4202/rajasthan-royals-pick-lhuan-dre-pretorius-for-the-injured-nitish-rana |website=[[IPLT20.com]]}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Sandeep|Sharma}}
| [[Rajasthan Royals]] || {{INRConvert|4|c}}|| Finger injury || 8 May 2025 || {{sortname|Nandre|Burger}} || {{INRConvert|3.5|c}} || 8 May 2025 || <ref>{{Cite web |date=May 8, 2025 |title=Rajasthan Royals pick Nandre Burger as injury replacement for Sandeep Sharma |url=https://www.iplt20.com/news/4206/rajasthan-royals-pick-nandre-burger-as-injury-replacement-for-sandeep-sharma |website=[[IPLT20.com]] |access-date=8 May 2025 |archive-date=8 May 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250508093146/https://www.iplt20.com/news/4206/rajasthan-royals-pick-nandre-burger-as-injury-replacement-for-sandeep-sharma |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Jake|Fraser-McGurk}}
| [[Delhi Capitals]] || {{INRConvert|9|c}}|| Personal reasons || 14 May 2025 || {{sortname|Mustafizur|Rahman}} {{double dagger}} || {{INRConvert|6|c}} || 14 May 2025 || <ref>{{Cite web |date=May 14, 2025 |title=DC sign Mustafizur Rahman as replacement for Jake Fraser-McGurk |url=https://www.iplt20.com/news/4211/dc-sign-mustafizur-rahman-as-replacement-for-jake-fraser-mcgurk |website=[[IPLT20.com]] |access-date=14 May 2025 |archive-date=14 May 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250514152722/https://www.iplt20.com/news/4211/dc-sign-mustafizur-rahman-as-replacement-for-jake-fraser-mcgurk |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Jos|Buttler}}
| [[Gujarat Titans]] || {{INRConvert|15.75|c}}|| National duty || 15 May 2025 || {{sortname|Kusal|Mendis}} {{double dagger}} || {{INRConvert|75|l}} || 15 May 2025 ||<ref name=":1" />
|-
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Mayank|Yadav}}
| [[Lucknow Super Giants]] || {{INRConvert|11|c}}|| Back injury || 15 May 2025 || {{sortname|Will|O'Rourke|dab=cricketer}} {{double dagger}} || {{INRConvert|3|c}} || 15 May 2025 ||<ref name=":1" />
|-
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Rovman|Powell}}
| [[Kolkata Knight Riders]] || {{INRConvert|1.5|c}}|| Tonsils || 15 May 2025 || {{sortname|Shivam|Shukla}} {{double dagger}} || {{INRConvert|30|l}} || 19 May 2025 || <ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-05-15 |title=IPL 2025: Which overseas players will be returning for remaining matches? And how many will be missing out? |url=https://www.firstpost.com/firstcricket/ipl-2025-restart-how-many-overseas-players-will-be-returning-for-remaining-matches-missing-out-13888578.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250515033546/https://www.firstpost.com/firstcricket/ipl-2025-restart-how-many-overseas-players-will-be-returning-for-remaining-matches-missing-out-13888578.html |archive-date=15 May 2025 |access-date=2026-01-23 |work=[[Firstpost]] |language=en-IN |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":2" >{{Cite web |date=May 19, 2025 |title=Kolkata Knight Riders and Royal Challengers Bengaluru pick player replacements |url=https://www.iplt20.com/news/4215/kolkata-knight-riders-and-royal-challengers-bengaluru-pick-player-replacements |website=[[IPLT20.com]] |access-date=19 May 2025 |archive-date=15 June 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250615175329/https://www.iplt20.com/news/4215/kolkata-knight-riders-and-royal-challengers-bengaluru-pick-player-replacements |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Lungi|Ngidi}}
| [[Royal Challengers Bengaluru]] || {{INRConvert|1|c}}|| National duty || 19 May 2025 || {{sortname|Blessing|Muzarabani}} {{double dagger}} || {{INRConvert|75|l}} || 26 May 2025 ||<ref name=":2" />
|-
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Will|Jacks}}
| [[Mumbai Indians]] || {{INRConvert|5.25|c}}|| National duty || 20 May 2025 || {{sortname|Jonny|Bairstow}} {{double dagger}} || {{INRConvert|5.25|c}} || 19 May 2025 || <ref name=":3" >{{Cite web |date=May 20, 2025 |title=Mumbai Indians sign Jonny Bairstow, Richard Gleeson and Charith Asalanka |url=https://www.iplt20.com/news/4219/mumbai-indians-sign-jonny-bairstow-richard-gleeson-and-charith-asalanka |website=[[IPLT20.com]] |access-date=20 May 2025 |archive-date=21 May 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250521191447/https://www.iplt20.com/news/4219/mumbai-indians-sign-jonny-bairstow-richard-gleeson-and-charith-asalanka |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Ryan|Rickelton}}
| [[Mumbai Indians]] || {{INRConvert|1|c}}|| National duty || 20 May 2025 || {{sortname|Richard|Gleeson}} {{double dagger}} || {{INRConvert|1|c}} || 19 May 2025 ||<ref name=":3" />
|-
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Corbin|Bosch}}
| [[Mumbai Indians]] || {{INRConvert|75|l}}|| National duty || 20 May 2025 || {{sortname|Charith|Asalanka}} {{double dagger}} || {{INRConvert|75|l}} || 20 May 2025 ||<ref name=":3" />
|-
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Jacob|Bethell}}
| [[Royal Challengers Bengaluru]] || {{INRConvert|2.6|c}}|| National duty || 22 May 2025 || {{sortname|Tim|Seifert}} {{double dagger}} || {{INRConvert|2|c}} || 22 May 2025 || <ref>{{Cite web |date=May 22, 2025 |title=Royal Challengers Bengaluru sign Tim Seifert as Jacob Bethell set to leave for England national duties|url=https://www.iplt20.com/news/4225/royal-challengers-bengaluru-sign-tim-seifert-as-jacob-bethell-set-to-leave-for-england-national-duties |website=[[IPLT20.com]]}}</ref>
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}
=== General references ===
* {{Cite journal |date=2024-10-31 |title=IPL Retained Players 2025 |url=https://documents.iplt20.com/smart-images/1730381551643_IPL-2025-Retained-Players.pdf |journal=Indian Premier League Retained Players |publisher=[[Board of Control for Cricket in India]] |volume=18 |issue=1}}
* {{Anchor|Auction List}}{{Cite journal |date=2024-11-15 |title=IPL Auction List 2025 |url=https://documents.iplt20.com/bcci/documents/1731674068078_TATA%20IPL%202025-%20Auction%20List%20-15.11.24.pdf |journal=Indian Premier League Auction List |publisher=[[Board of Control for Cricket in India]] |volume=18 |issue=2}}

== External links ==
* [https://www.iplt20.com/auction/2025 2025 IPL Auction] at [[IPLT20.com]]
* {{ESPNcricinfo 2|auction|id=ipl-2025-auction-1460972|title=2026 Indian Premier League auction}}

{{2025 Indian Premier League}}
{{Indian Premier League}}
{{Portal bar|India|Cricket}}

[[Category:2025 Indian Premier League|auction]]
[[Category:Indian Premier League personnel changes]]

Vamsi Krishna Srinivas

2026-04-23T08:29:20Z

Frederickdube: Done

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Vamsi Krishna Srinivas
| office = Member of the [[Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start = 2024
| predecessor = [[Vasupalli Ganesh Kumar]]
| constituency = [[Visakhapatnam South Assembly constituency|Visakhapatnam South]]
| party = [[Janasena Party]]
| birth_date =
}}
'''Chennuboina Vamsi Krishna Srinivas Yadav''' is an Indian politician from [[Andhra Pradesh]]. He is a member of [[Janasena Party]]. He has been elected as the [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Member of the Legislative Assembly]] representing the [[Visakhapatnam South Assembly constituency]] in [[2024 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]s.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-06-04 |title=Visakhapatnam South, Andhra Pradesh Assembly Election Results 2024 Highlights: JSP's Ch.Vamsi Krishna Srinivas with 97868 defeats YSRCP's Ganesh Kumar Vasupalli |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/assembly/story/visakhapatnam-south-andhra-pradesh-assembly-election-results-2024-live-updates-2548205-2024-06-04 |access-date=2024-06-06 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-06-04 |title=Visakhapatnam South Election Result 2024 LIVE Updates Highlights: Assembly Winner, Loser, Leading, Trailing, MLA, Margin |url=https://www.news18.com/elections/visakhapatnam-south-election-result-2024-live-updates-highlights-assembly-winner-loser-leading-trailing-mla-margin-8915157.html |access-date=2024-06-06 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Telugu politicians]]
[[Category:Andhra Pradesh MLAs 2024–2029]]
[[Category:Jana Sena Party politicians]]

Telangana Boggu Ghani Karmika Sangham

2026-04-19T22:48:23Z

Frederickdube: Stub

{{short description|Trade union in India}}

{{Use Indian English|date=July 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2025}}
{{Infobox organization
|name = T.B.G.K.S.
|location = India
|affiliations =
|num_members = Miryala Raji Reddy
Medipalli Sampath
|full_name = Telangana Boggu Ghani Karmika Sangham
|native_name =
|image =
|founded =
|dissolved =
|merged_into = Brs
|headquarters = Godavarikhani
|key_people =
|website =
|footnotes =
}}

'''Telangana Boggu Ghani Karmika Sangham''', a [[trade union]] of coal mine workers in the [[Singareni]] in the Indian state of [[Telangana]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Singareni coal mine workers to get 27 per cent share in profits: Telangana govt |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/telangana/singareni-coal-mine-workers-get-27-cent-share-profits-telangana-govt-87094 |access-date=5 May 2024 |work=The News Minute |date=23 August 2018}}</ref> TBGKS is politically close to the party [[Bharat Rashtra Samithi]] Kalvakuntla Kavitha is Hon’ble President of Union
.{{citation needed|date=May 2024}} Kengerla Mallaiah was appointed working president of the union in March 2022.<ref>{{cite news |title=Mancherial: TBGKS gets new working president |url=https://telanganatoday.com/mancherial-tbgks-gets-new-working-president |access-date=5 May 2024 |work=Telangana Today |publisher=Telangana Publications Pvt. Ltd |date=11 March 2022}}</ref>
Miryala Raji Reddy President
Medipalli Sampath Vice President Mandamarri

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Trade unions in India navbox}}

[[Category:Trade unions in India]]
[[Category:Trade unions of the Singareni coal fields]]
[[Category:Trade unions in Telangana]]
[[Category:Bharat Rashtra Samithi]]
[[Category:Mining trade unions]]
[[Category:Organizations with year of establishment missing]]

{{India-trade-union-stub}}

Ballimaran Assembly constituency

2026-04-19T19:23:45Z

Frederickdube: Done!

{{Short description|Constituency of the Delhi legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2018}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Ballimaran
| mla = [[Imran Hussain (Indian politician)|Imran Hussain]]
| party = [[Aam Aadmi Party]]
| latest_election_year = [[2025 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|2025]]
| state = [[Delhi]]
| district = [[Chandni Chowk]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Chandni Chowk (Lok Sabha constituency)|Chandni Chowk]]
| electors = 1,41,844
| type = SLA
| reservation = None
| constituency_no = 22
}}
'''Ballimaran Assembly constituency''' is one of the 70 [[Delhi Legislative Assembly|legislative assembly]] constituencies of [[Delhi]] in northern India. The Ballimaran constituency was reorganized by [[Delimitation Commission of India|delimitation commission]] in 2008. It is part of [[Chandni Chowk (Lok Sabha constituency)|Chandni Chowk]] [[Lok Sabha]] constituency.

==Members of the Legislative Assembly==
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Member<ref>{{Cite web |title=Delhi Assembly Election 2020 - State Wise and Party Wise Results |url=https://www.elections.in/delhi/assembly-constituencies/ballimaran.html |access-date= |website=Elections in India}}</ref>
!colspan=2|Party
|-
| [[1993 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|1993]]
| rowspan="5" | [[Haroon Yusuf]]
| {{Full party name with color|rowspan=5|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1998 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|1998]]
|-
| [[2003 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|2003]]
|-
| [[2008 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|2008]]
|-
| [[2013 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|2013]]
|-
| [[2015 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|2015]]
| rowspan="3" | [[Imran Hussain (Indian politician)|Imran Hussain]]
| {{Full party name with color|rowspan=3|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|-
|[[2020 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|2020]]
|-
|[[2025 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|2025]]
|-
|}

== Election results ==
=== 2025 ===
{{Election box begin|
title=[[2025 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|Delhi Assembly elections, 2025]]: Ballimaran<ref name="Delhi Assembly Elections Results 2025 - Ballimaran">{{cite news |title=Delhi Assembly Elections Results 2025 - Ballimaran |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenFeb2025/candidateswise-U0522.htm |access-date=11 March 2025 |publisher=Election Commission of India |date=8 February 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250311105420/https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenFeb2025/candidateswise-U0522.htm |archive-date=11 March 2025}}</ref><ref name="Ballimaran Constituency Election Results 2025">{{cite news |title=Ballimaran Constituency Election Results 2025 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/delhi/constituency-show/ballimaran |access-date=11 March 2025 |publisher=The Times of India |date=8 February 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250311105512/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/delhi/constituency-show/ballimaran |archive-date=11 March 2025 |language=en}}</ref>}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
| party = Aam Aadmi Party
| candidate = [[Imran Hussain (Indian politician)|Imran Hussain]]
| votes = 57,004
| percentage = 58
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
| party = Bharatiya Janata Party
| candidate = Kamal Bagri
| votes = 27,181
| percentage = 27.66
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
| party = Indian National Congress
| candidate = [[Haroon Yusuf]]
| votes = 13,059
| percentage = 13.29
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
| party = Nationalist Congress Party
| candidate = Mohammed Haroon
| votes = 38
| percentage = 0.04
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
| party = Bahujan Samaj Party
| candidate = Sonu Kumar
| votes = 190
| percentage = 0.19
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
| party = Aam Aadmi Parivartan Party
| candidate = Abrar
| votes = 224
| percentage = 0.23
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
| party = None of the above
| candidate = None of the above
| votes = 301
| percentage = 0.31
| change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
| votes = 29,823
| percentage = 30.34
| change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
| votes = 98,277
| percentage =
| change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
| winner =
| loser =
| swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2020 ===
 <section begin="Assembly Election 2020"/>
{{Election box begin|
title=[[2020 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|Delhi Assembly elections, 2020]]: Ballimaran <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/12027-general-legislative-election-2020/ |title=General Legislative Election 2020 - Delhi - Election Commission of India |access-date=4 June 2020 |archive-date=3 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200603054910/https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/12027-general-legislative-election-2020/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://results.eci.gov.in/DELHITRENDS2020/ConstituencywiseU0522.htm?ac=22|title=Election Commission of India|website=results.eci.gov.in|access-date=2020-02-16}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Aam Aadmi Party
|candidate = [[Imran Hussain (Indian politician)|Imran Hussain]]
|votes = 65,644
|percentage = 64.65
|change = +4.94
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Lata
|votes = 29,472
|percentage = 29.03
|change = +4.73
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = [[Haroon Yusuf]]
|votes = 4,802
|percentage = 4.73
|change = -9.07
}}
{{Election box candidate|party=BRD|candidate=Krishan Kumar|votes=340|percentage=0.33|change=N/A}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = None of the above
|candidate = None of the above
|votes = 340
|percentage = 0.33
|change = +0.01
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 36,172
|percentage = 35.62
|change = +0.21
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 1,01,548
|percentage = 71.64
|change = +3.69
}}
{{Election box Registered electors|
|reg. electors = 1,41,844
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
| winner = Aam Aadmi Party
| swing = +4.94
}}
{{Election box end}}<section end="Assembly Election 2020"/>

=== 2015 ===
 <section begin="Assembly Election 2015"/>
{{Election box begin|
title=[[2015 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|Delhi Assembly elections, 2015]]: Ballimaran}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Aam Aadmi Party
|candidate = [[Imran Hussain (Indian politician)|Imran Hussain]]
|votes = 57,118
|percentage = 59.71
|change = +44.95
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Shyam Lal Morwal
|votes = 23,241
|percentage = 24.29
|change = -2.77
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = [[Haroon Yusuf]]
|votes = 13,205
|percentage = 13.80
|change = -22.38
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Dilip Kumar
|votes = 438
|percentage = 0.45
|change = -17.88
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Republican Party of India (A)
|candidate = Mohd. Danish
|votes = 130
|percentage = 0.14
|change = +0.08
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = None of the above
|candidate = None of the above
|votes = 304
|percentage = 0.31
|change = -0.12
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 33,877
|percentage = 35.42
|change = +26.30
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 95,663
|percentage = 67.95
|change =
}}
{{Election box Registered electors
|reg. electors = 1,40,776
}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Aam Aadmi Party
|loser = Indian National Congress
|swing = +33.76
}}
{{Election box end}}<section end="Assembly Election 2015"/>

=== 2013 ===
 <section begin="Assembly Election 2013"/>
{{Election box begin | title=[[2013 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|Delhi Assembly elections, 2013]]: Ballimaran<ref>[http://eciresults.ap.nic.in/statewiseU05.htm?st=U05 2013 Election Commission of India] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131228020252/http://eciresults.ap.nic.in/statewiseU05.htm?st=U05 |date=2013-12-28 }}</ref>}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Indian National Congress
| candidate = [[Haroon Yusuf]]
| votes = 32,105
| percentage = 36.18
| change = -5.90
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Bharatiya Janata Party
| candidate = Moti Lal Sodhi
| votes = 24,012
| percentage = 27.06
| change = -7.45
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Bahujan Samaj Party
| candidate = [[Imran Hussain (Indian politician)|Imran Hussain]]
| votes = 16,267
| percentage = 18.33
| change = +5.79
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Aam Aadmi Party
| candidate = Farhana Anjum
| votes = 13,103
| percentage = 14.76
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Lok Janshakti Party
| candidate = Vijay Kumar
| votes = 1,036
| percentage = 1.17
| change = -6.71
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = None of the above
| candidate = None
| votes = 385
| percentage = 0.43
| change =
}}
{{Election box majority
| votes = 8,093
| percentage = 9.12
| change = +1.55
}}
{{Election box turnout
| votes = 88,771
| percentage = 67.47
| change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
| winner = Indian National Congress
| swing = -5.90
}}
{{Election box end}}<section end="Assembly Election 2013"/>

=== 2008 ===
 <section begin="Assembly Election 2008"/>
{{Election box begin | title=[[2008 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|Delhi Assembly elections, 2008]]: Ballimaran<ref>[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2008/stats_DL_2008.pdf 2008 Election Commission of India]</ref>}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Indian National Congress
| candidate = Haroon Yusuf
| votes = 34,660
| percentage = 42.08
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Bharatiya Janata Party
| candidate = Moti Lal Sodhi
| votes = 28,423
| percentage = 34.51
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Bahujan Samaj Party
| candidate = Mushrafin
| votes = 10,331
| percentage = 12.54
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Lok Janshakti Party
| candidate = Ubead Iqbal
| votes = 6,490
| percentage = 7.88
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Rashtriya Janata Dal
| candidate = Md Sabauddin
| votes = 810
| percentage = 0.98
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Waseem Qureshi
| votes = 408
| percentage = 0.50
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Akhil Bharatiya Hindu Mahasabha
| candidate = Ajay Kumar
| votes = 373
| percentage = 0.45
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = All India Minorities Front
| candidate = Noor Jahan
| votes = 159
| percentage = 0.19
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Samajwadi Party
| candidate = Rajender Kumar
| votes = 156
| percentage = 0.19
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Rakesh Kumar
| votes = 150
| percentage = 0.18
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Mohd Abdullah
| votes = 140
| percentage = 0.17
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate
| party = [[Matra Bhakta Party|MBP]]
| candidate = Shafiq Khan
| votes = 138
| percentage = 0.17
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Indian Justice Party
| candidate = Faiemuddin
| votes = 126
| percentage = 0.15
| change =
}}
{{Election box majority
| votes = 6,237
| percentage = 7.57
| change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
| votes = 82,364
| percentage = 59.6
| change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
| winner = Indian National Congress
| swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}<section end="Assembly Election 2008"/>

==See also==
* [[First Legislative Assembly of Delhi]]
* [[Second Legislative Assembly of Delhi]]
* [[Third Legislative Assembly of Delhi]]
* [[Fourth Legislative Assembly of Delhi]]
* [[Fifth Legislative Assembly of Delhi]]
* [[Sixth Legislative Assembly of Delhi]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Assembly constituencies of New Delhi}}
{{coords|28.652|77.228|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Delhi]]
[[Category:Delhi Legislative Assembly]]
[[Category:Politics of Delhi]]
[[Category:2008 establishments in Delhi]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 2008]]

Rahatgarh Fort

2026-04-19T16:32:54Z

Frederickdube: Put up article

{{Short description|Historic fort in Madhya Pradesh, India}}
{{pp-extended|small=yes}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2024}}
{{Infobox ancient site
| name = Rahatgarh Fort
| native_name = Rahatgarh Fort
| alternate_name =
| image = राहतगढ़ किला .jpg
| image_size =
| imagealttext =
| caption =
| map_type = India Madhya Pradesh
| relief = yes
| map_alt =
| coordinates = {{coord|23.78|N|78.37|E|display=inline, title}}
| location =
| region =
| type = Fort building
| part_of =
| length =
| width =
| area =
| height =
| builder =
| material =
| built =
| abandoned =
| epochs =
| cultures =
| dependency_of =
| occupants =
| event =
| excavations =
| archaeologists =
| condition =
| ownership =
| public_access =
| website =
| notes =
}}
'''Rahatgarh Fort''' is a historical fort located on the banks of [[Bina River (India)|Bina River]] in Rahatgarh in [[Sagar district|Sagar District]], [[Madhya Pradesh]], India.<ref>{{cite web|date=2019-03-31|url=https://www.naidunia.com/lite/madhya-pradesh/sagar-history-of-rahatgarh-fort-in-sagar-madhya-pradesh-2887941|title=Rahatgarh Fort: ब्रिटिश सेना का घेरा तोड़ किले से निकाले थे विद्रोही सैनिक|access-date=2024-02-04|archive-date=2024-02-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240204061906/https://www.naidunia.com/lite/madhya-pradesh/sagar-history-of-rahatgarh-fort-in-sagar-madhya-pradesh-2887941|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>https://asibhopal.nic.in/gallery/sagar_rahatgarh_fort.html</ref>

==Overview==
Originally built during the parmar dynasty (Circa 13th Century AD) later the fort was expanded by Sultan Mahmud Khan in 17th century, Rahatgarh Fort is situated on the top of north west peak along the range of hills near the town itself. It can be approached by means of a long winding passage, and the walls of the fortification are approximately 100 m thick. <ref>https://www.amarujala.com/web-stories/madhya-pradesh/all-you-need-to-know-about-rahatgarh-fort-of-sagar-2023-05-11</ref>

Parmars, Chandelas and Muslims also had control over this fort. This fort also played an important role in the revolution of 1857.<ref>https://amritmahotsav.nic.in/district-reopsitory-detail.htm?12905</ref>

==Gallery ==
<gallery>
राहतगढ़ किला .jpg|Rahatgarh Fort
Rahatgarh Fort.jpg|rahatgarh fort outside
Rahatgarh waterfall.jpg|Rahatgarh Waterfall
Rahatgarh nagar.jpg|Rahatgarh Town
</gallery>

==References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Forts in Madhya Pradesh}}

[[Category:Forts in Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Sagar district]]

Niladevi

2026-04-11T07:13:51Z

Frederickdube: Put up a biography

{{Short description|Hindu goddess, an aspect of Lakshmi}}
{{AI-generated|diff=August 2025|date=August 2025}}
{{Infobox deity 
| type = Hindu
| image = File:Sholingar (1).JPG
| caption = Shrine of Niladevi (left to the image of Vishnu) in [[Thirukkadigai]]
| alt = painting
| name = Niladevi
| other_names = Nappinnai
| affiliation = Aspect of [[Lakshmi]]
| abode = [[Vaikuntha]]
| consort = [[Ranganatha]]
| god_of =
| venerated_in = [[Sri Vaishnavism]]
| mantra = Nila Suktam
| temple = [[Thirunarayur Nambi Temple]]
}}{{Vaishnavism}}

'''Niladevi''' ({{Langx|sa|नीलदेवी|lit=blue goddess|translit=Nīladevī}}),<ref>{{Citation |title=An Eclectic Appraisal of the Success or Failure of Constructivist Instruction |date=2009-05-28 |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203878842-27 |work=Constructivist Instruction |pages=347–362 |publisher=Routledge |doi=10.4324/9780203878842-27 |isbn=978-0-203-87884-2 |access-date=2022-06-28|url-access=subscription }}</ref> also rendered as '''Neela Devi''' or '''Nappinnai''', is a [[Hindu goddess]], and a consort of the preserver deity [[Vishnu]], along with [[Lakshmi|Sridevi]] and [[Bhumi (goddess)|Bhudevi]].<ref>{{cite journal|journal=Journal of South Asian Literature|issue=2|volume=24|last=M.|first=Ramanan|title=Āndāl's 'Tirupāvai'|year=1989|pages=51–64|jstor=40873090|url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/40873090|access-date=11 January 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Āṇṭāḷ |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jGQOAAAAYAAJ&q=neeladevi+goddess |title=Garland of Songs |date=1974 |publisher=Rajalakshmi Pathippakam |page=79 |language=en}}</ref> Niladevi is primarily revered in [[South India]], particularly in [[Tamil culture]], as one of Vishnu's consorts.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |author=Dalal, Roshen |title=Hinduism : an alphabetical guide |date=2010 |publisher=Penguin Books |isbn=978-0-14-341421-6 |location=New Delhi |pages=272, 282 |oclc=664683680}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=album; painting {{!}} British Museum|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/A_1962-1231-0-13-7|access-date=2021-01-10|website=The British Museum|language=en}}</ref> In [[Sri Vaishnava]] tradition, all three consorts of Vishnu are regarded as aspects of [[Lakshmi|Mahalakshmi]].<ref name="www.wisdomlib.org">{{Cite web |last=www.wisdomlib.org |date=2015-11-22 |title=Niladevi, Nīlādevī, Nila-devi: 1 definition |url=https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/niladevi |access-date=2022-06-28 |website=www.wisdomlib.org |language=en}}</ref>

In Vishnu's [[avatar]] as [[Krishna]], Niladevi is either regarded as [[Nagnajiti]], the consort of Krishna in [[Dvārakā]]<ref>{{Cite book |last=Dalal |first=Roshen |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DH0vmD8ghdMC&q=Radha+nila |title=Hinduism: An Alphabetical Guide |date=2010 |publisher=Penguin Books India |isbn=978-0-14-341421-6 |page=282 |language=en}}</ref>

== Legend ==
According to regional traditions, Niladevi took the incarnation of Nagnajiti, a wife of Krishna. In [[Sri Vaishnavism]], Nagnajiti is also called Nappinnai (Pinnai, a favourite [[gopi]] of Krishna in Tamil tradition).<ref name="Chandra 1998 p.">{{cite book|last=Chandra|first=S.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mfTE6kpz6XEC|title=Encyclopaedia of Hindu Gods and Goddesses|publisher=Sarup & Sons|year=1998|isbn=978-81-7625-039-9|page=238|access-date=2021-01-10}}</ref><ref name=":0" />

Niladevi appears in the ''[[Vaikhanasas|Vaikhanasa]] [[Agama (Hinduism)|Agama]]'' text.<ref name="Chandra 1998 p." /><ref name=":2">{{Cite book|last1=Museum|first1=British|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=L4lHAQAAIAAJ&q=nila+visnu+consort|title=South Indian Paintings: A Catalogue of the British Museum Collection|last2=Dallapiccola|first2=Anna Libera|date=2010|publisher=British Museum Press|isbn=978-0-7141-2424-7|location=|pages=49, 76|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":1" /> Some texts mention that Vishnu's ''[[Iccha-shakti|iccha shakti]]'' takes three forms: Sridevi, Bhudevi, and Niladevi, representing the three [[Guṇa|''guna''s]]; The ''[[Sita Upanishad]]'' mentions that these three forms as those of goddess [[Sita]]; Niladevi is associated with ''[[Tamas (philosophy)|tamas]]''.<ref name=":0" /> Niladevi, besides tamas, is associated with the sun, the moon and fire.''<ref name=":0" />'' She appears as Krishna's [[Gopi]] in [[Cherusseri Namboothiri]]'s ''[[Krishnagatha]]''.<ref name=":0" />

According to a ''dhyana [[mantra]]'' of Vishnu, in his ''Param'' aspect, he is depicted seated on the serpent [[Shesha]] with Sridevi on his right and Bhudevi and Niladevi on his left.<ref name=":3">{{Cite book|last=Srinivasan|first=T. N.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KGPqAAAAMAAJ&q=niladevi|title=A Hand Book of South Indian Images: An Introduction to the Study of Hindu Iconography|date=1982|publisher=Tirumalai-Tirupati Devasthanams|isbn=|location=|pages=96, 115|language=en}}</ref> Niladevi may be also depicted standing behind Vishnu with his two co-wives.<ref name=":2" /> In a depiction in the British Museum, Vishnu as Vaikuntha-Natha ("Lord of Vaikuntha") is seated on [[Shesha]] between Sridevi and Bhudevi, while his foot is supported by Niladevi.<ref name=":2" />

The [[Alvars|Alvar]] [[Andal]] is sometimes considered by the [[Sri Vaishnavism|Sri Vaishnava]] denomination as an aspect of Niladevi.<ref name=":3" /><ref>{{Cite book|last=Bryant|first=Edwin F.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2n4VDAAAQBAJ&q=nila&pg=PA189|title=Krishna: A Sourcebook|date=2007-06-18|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-972431-4|location=|pages=189|language=en}}</ref>
<ref name="Permual">{{Cite web |date=2014-01-02 |title=Who was Nappinnai? |url=https://vaadinen.wordpress.com/2014/01/03/who-was-nappinnai/ |access-date=2025-01-26 |website=My conversations with Perumal |language=en}}</ref>

==Forms==
Niladevi's aspect of Nappinnai is mainly limited to [[Tamilakam]]. The name Nappinnai is found in the [[Divya Prabandha]]m of the Alvars and [[Silappadikaram]].<ref name="Andal">{{cite book|title=Krishna Krishna|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uGbTP3NMPTkC&q=nappinnai+silapathikaram&pg=PA33|page=33|publisher=Kizhakku|year=2005|first= Indira |last=Parthasarathy|isbn=9788183680806|language=ta}}</ref> According to these texts, [[Andal]] (one of the [[Alvars]]) wanted to offer her devotion to her patron deity Krishna just as the [[Braj]] [[gopi]]s did in [[Dvapara Yuga]]. In her ''[[Tiruppavai]]'', Andal wakes up Nappinai before waking up Krishna. As per Sri Vaishnavism, complete surrender to God is performed through his consort, and in the case of Krishna specifically, it is performed through Nappinai.<ref name="Andal" />

Niladevi took the avatar of Nappinnai, the daughter of Kumbagan (the brother of [[Yashoda]]). Krishna won Nappinnai's hand after conquering the seven ferocious bulls of her father. Nappinnai's brother is Sudama. [[Parasara Bhattar]] describes Krishna, intoxicated by her beauty, with the epithet "Neela thunga sthana giri thati suptham" (lit. "He who rests on the breasts of Nappinnai").<ref>{{Cite web |title=thirup pAvai – part 7 – thaniyanga |url=https://ramanuja.org/sri/BhaktiListArchives/Article?p=dec98/0179.html |access-date=2022-06-28 |website=ramanuja.org}}</ref>

S. M. Srinivasa Chari states that Andal, singing [[Nachiyar Thirumozhi|''Nachiyar Tirumoli'']] as a ''gopika'' in [[Thiruppavai]], she mentioned Nappinnai. This stands for the identification of Nappinnai as [[Radha]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Srinivasa Chari |first=S. M. |title=Philosophy and Theistic Mysticism of the Āl̲vārs |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass |year=1997 |page=205}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Dalal |first=Roshen |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DH0vmD8ghdMC&q=Radha+nila |title=Hinduism: An Alphabetical Guide |date=2010 |publisher=Penguin Books India |isbn=978-0-14-341421-6 |page=272 |language=en |quote=Some identifies Nappinai with Radha, Nila Devi, Andal}}</ref> Alvar mentions the three nachiyars (consorts) as Ponmangai (Sridevi), Nilamangai (Bhudevi) and Pulamangai (Niladevi). Niladevi is mentioned to be the goddess of senses. It is Niladevi who keeps mind stable by offering him her bliss.<ref name="www.wisdomlib.org"/>

== Temples ==
[[Thirunarayur Nambi Temple]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Hindu Deities and Texts}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Forms of Lakshmi]]
[[Category:Hindu goddesses]]
[[Category:Consorts of Vishnu]]
[[Category:Tamil deities]]

J. Anoop Seelin

2026-04-07T23:31:20Z

Frederickdube: New a entry

{{Short description |Indian film music director and playback singer}}
{{EngvarB|date=September 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2014}}
{{Infobox musical artist
| name = J. Anoop Seelin
| image =
| caption =
| image_size =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|YYYY|MM|DD}}
| origin = [[Hassan district]], [[Karnataka]], India
| occupation = Music composer, singer
| years_active = 1998–present (singing) 2008–present (composing)
| label =
| current_members =
| past_members =
}}
'''J. Anoop Seelin''' is an Indian film music director and playback singer primarily associated with the [[Kannada]] film industry. He has composed musical scores for films including ''[[Gooli]]'', ''[[Eddelu Manjunatha]]'', ''[[I Am Sorry Mathe Banni Preethsona]]'', ''[[Sidlingu]]'', ''Parari'', ''[[Madarangi]]'', ''[[Naanu Avanalla...Avalu]]'', and ''[[Aatagara]]''.

Seelin received the Karnataka State Film Award for Best Music Director for his work in ''Sidlingu''.

==Early life and education==
J. Anoop Seelin was born in Hassan, [[Karnataka]]. After completing his early education in Hassan, he and his family moved to Bangalore to explore better opportunities. Seelin later earned an LLB degree and initially pursued a career in law.

==Career==
Seelin's musical journey began in Bangalore, where he performed as a singer with various bands. In 1999, he began working as a chorus singer under the mentorship of [[Hamsalekha]], a prominent figure in the Kannada music industry. Over six years, he gained experience singing track songs for Hamsalekha's compositions, which laid the foundation for his career in playback singing.

Seelin's notable playback singing work includes songs from films like ''Ondagona Baa'', ''Sarvabhoma'', ''Madana'', ''Dharma'', ''Nenapirali'', and ''Sixer''.

===Vocal performance===
His first vocal performance "Yaaro Yaaro"<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kannadaaudio.com/Songs/Moviewise/home/OndagonaBaa.php|title=Kannada Audio Ondagona Baa}}</ref> in the movie ''[[Ondagona Baa]]'', followed by songs from movies like ''[[Sarvabhouma|Sarvabhoma]]'', ''[[Madana (film)|Madana]]'',<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kannadaaudio.com/Songs/Moviewise/home/Madana.php|title= Kannada Audio Madana}}</ref> ''Dharma'',<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kannadaaudio.com/Songs/Moviewise/home/Dharma.php|title=Kannada Audio Dharma}}</ref> ''Janapada'',<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kannadaaudio.com/Songs/Moviewise/home/Janapada.php|title=Kannada Audio Janapada}}</ref> ''Nenapirali'',<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kannadaaudio.com/Songs/Moviewise/home/Nenapirali.php|title=Kannada Audio Nenapirali}}</ref> ''Sixer'',<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kannadaaudio.com/Songs/Moviewise/home/Sixer.php|title=Kannada Audio Sixer}}</ref> and ''Thaballi''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kannadaaudio.com/Songs/Moviewise/home/Thabbali.php|title=Kannada Audio Thabbali}}</ref>

===Music composition===
Seelin debuted as a composer with the film [[Gooli]], followed by work on [[Eddelu Manjunatha]]. Subsequent projects included [[I Am Sorry Mathe Banni Preethsona]], which received critical acclaim for its background score, and [[Sidlingu]]. For the final score, he won the Karnataka State Film Award for Best Music Director.

Other notable films in his career include [[Madarangi]] and [[Aatagara]]. Seelin continues to contribute to Kannada cinema, composing music across a range of genres.

==Awards and recognition==

Anoop Seelin has received numerous awards for his versatile singing.

The Government of Karnataka announced the [[Karnataka State Film Awards]] for 2010–11; Seelin was named Best Music Director for composing music for the movie Sidlingu.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/kannada/news-interviews/Karnataka-State-Film-Awards-2010-11-winners/articleshow/18966690.cms |title=Karnataka State Film Awards 2010–11 winners|work=The Times of India|date=14 March 2013 |accessdate=1 August 2013}}</ref> The jury was headed by the noted Kannada movie director [[Sunil Kumar Desai]].

==Discography==
{|class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year !! Film !! Notes
|-
| 2008 || ''[[Gooli]]'' ||
|-
| rowspan="2"|2009 || ''[[Eddelu Manjunatha]]'' ||
|-
| ''[[Preethse Preethse]]'' ||
|-
| 2010 || ''[[Yaksha (film)|Yaksha]]'' ||
|-
| rowspan="3"|2011 || ''[[I Am Sorry Mathe Banni Preethsona]]'' ||
|-
| ''[[Manasology (film)|Manasology]]'' ||
|-
| ''Galla'' ||
|-
| rowspan="2"|2012 || ''[[Sidlingu]]'' || Winner – [[Karnataka State Film Award for Best Music Director]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/kannada/news-interviews/Karnataka-State-Film-Awards-2010-11-winners/articleshow/18966690.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130518070059/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-03-14/news-interviews/37712086_1_second-best-film-basanth-kumar-patil-sunil-kumar-desai |url-status=live |archive-date=18 May 2013 |title=Karnataka State Film Awards 2010–11 winners|date=14 March 2013 |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=1 August 2013}}</ref> Nominated – [[2nd SIIMA Awards|SIIMA Award for Best Music Director]] Nominated – [[Filmfare Award for Best Music Director – Kannada]]
|-
|''Janma'' ||
|-
| rowspan="5"|2013 || ''[[Parari (2013 film)|Parari]]'' ||
|-
| ''[[Madarangi]]'' ||
|-
| ''B3'' ||
|-
| ''[[Director's Special (film)|Director's Special]]'' ||
|-
| ''[[Googly (2013 film)|Googly]]'' || Background music
|-
| rowspan="3"|2014 || ''[[Rose (2014 film)|Rose]]'' ||
|-
| ''[[Love in Mandya]]'' ||
|-
| ''[[Goli Soda]]'' || Tamil film; Background score only
|-
| rowspan="4"|2015 || ''Bhagyaraj'' ||
|-
| ''[[Aatagara]]'' ||
|-
| ''[[10 Endrathukulla]]'' || Tamil film; Background score only
|-
| ''[[Naanu Avanalla...Avalu]]'' ||
|-
| rowspan="4"|2016 || ''Brahma Vishnu Maheshwara'' ||
|-
| ''[[Jessie (film)|Jessie]]'' ||
|-
| ''[[Nataraja Service]]'' ||
|-
| ''[[Neer Dose (film)|Neer Dose]]'' ||
|-
| rowspan="10"|2017 || ''[[Kadugu]]'' || Tamil film; Background score
|-
| ''[[Smile Please (2017 film)|Smile Please]]'' ||
|-
| ''[[Chowka]]'' ||
|-
| ''[[Eradane Sala]]''||
|-
| ''[[Bangalore Underworld]]'' ||
|-
| ''Eleyaru Naavu Geleyaru''||
|-
| ''[[Siliconn City]]'' ||
|-
|''[[Dada is Back]]'' ||
|-
| ''[[Dayavittu Gamanisi]]'' || Also co-producer Nominated – [[Filmfare Award for Best Music Director – Kannada]]
|-
| ''[[Kaafi Thota]]'' || 1 song only
|-
| rowspan="2"|2018 || ''Najundi Kalyana'' ||
|-
| ''[[Huccha 2]]'' ||
|-
| rowspan="3"|2019 || ''Kalbetada Darodekoraru'' ||
|-
| ''[[Rustum (2019 film)|Rustum]]'' ||
|-
| ''[[Yaanaa (film)|Yaanaa]]'' || Background score only
|-
| 2021 || ''[[Inspector Vikram (2021 film)|Inspector Vikram]]'' ||
|-
| rowspan="7"|2022 || ''[[Monsoon Raaga]]''||
|-
| ''[[Sugarless (film)|Sugarless]]'' ||
|-
| ''[[Bairagee]]'' || 50th Film
|-
| ''[[Petromax (2022 film)|Petromax]]''||
|-
| ''[[Totapuri: Chapter 1]]''||
|-
| ''Ranganayaka''||
|-
| ''[[Thimayya & Thimayya]]''||
|-
| rowspan="3"|2024 || ''[[The Judgement (2024 film)|The Judgement]]'' ||
|-
| ''[[Mafia (2024 film)|Mafia]]'' ||
|-
| ''[[Kaalapatthar]]'' ||<ref>{{cite news |last1=Sharadhaa |first1=A. |title=Kaalapatthar Movie Review: Reflects deep human connections and honours the legacy of Dr Rajkumar |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/kannada/review/2024/Sep/13/kaalapatthar-movie-review-reflects-deep-human-connections-and-honours-the-legacy-of-dr-rajkumar |work=Cinema Express |date=4 September 2024 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="4"|2025 ||''[[Gana (film)|Gana]]'' ||<ref>{{cite news |last1=Sharadhaa |first1=A. |title='Gana' movie review: A familiar trope, best as a one-time watch |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2025/Feb/03/gana-movie-review-a-familiar-trope-best-as-a-one-time-watch |work=The New Indian Express |date=3 February 2025 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Sidlingu 2]]'' ||<ref>{{cite news |title=Movie Review: Sidlingu 2: A clean family entertainer - Bangalore Mirror |url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/reviews/movie-review-sidlingu-2-a-clean-family-entertainer/articleshow/118261042.cms |work=[[Bangalore Mirror]] |date=15 February 2025}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Raju James Bond]]'' ||
|-
| ''Unlock Raghava'' ||
|-
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb name|5675003|Anoop Seelin}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090206205304/http://www.chitratara.com/showcontente.php?id=247&ptype=News&title=ANOOP%20SEELIN%20NO%20FOR%20SONU%20NIGAM Chitratara.com]

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Seelin, Anoop}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Kannada film score composers]]
[[Category:Karnataka State Film Award winners]]
[[Category:People from Hassan]]
[[Category:Kannada-language playback singers]]
[[Category:Indian male playback singers]]
[[Category:Film musicians from Karnataka]]
[[Category:Indian male film score composers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male singers]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

BRSY College Kanhauli

2026-04-05T02:05:27Z

Frederickdube: Redirect article

#REDIRECT [[Patliputra University#Colleges]]

{{Redirect category shell|
{{R from move}}
}}

Mirabai Chanu

2026-04-04T04:22:32Z

Frederickdube:

{{Short description|Indian weightlifter (born 1994)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2025}}
{{Infobox sportsperson
| name = Mirabai Chanu
| image = Saikhom Mirabai Chanu.jpg
| caption = Chanu at [[2016 South Asian Games]]
| full_name = Mirabai Chanu Saikhom
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1994|8|8|df=yes}}
| birth_place = Nongpok Kakching, [[Imphal East district|Imphal East]], [[Manipur]], India
| height = 1.5 m
| sport = [[Olympic weightlifting|Weightlifting]]
| event = 49 kg
| coach = {{ubl
|Vijay Sharma<ref>{{Cite news|title=Olympic medallist Mirabai Chanu, coach Vijay Sharma thank government for sustained support|language=en|work=[[The Times of India]]|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/tokyo-olympics/indiatokyo/olympic-medallist-mirabai-chanu-coach-vijay-sharma-thank-government-for-sustained-support/articleshow/84737402.cms|date=2021-07-25|access-date=2021-08-24}}</ref>
|Aaron Horschig<ref name="lifting hope" />
}}
| olympics = {{silver2}} x1
| worlds = {{gold1}} x1 {{silver2}} x2
| medaltemplates = {{MedalSport|Women's [[Olympic weightlifting|weightlifting]]}} [[File:Weightlifting pictogram.svg|30px]]
{{MedalCountry|{{IND}}}}
{{MedalOlympic}}
{{MedalSilver|[[Weightlifting at the 2020 Summer Olympics|2020 Tokyo]]|[[Weightlifting at the 2020 Summer Olympics – Women's 49 kg|49kg]]}}
{{MedalComp|[[World Weightlifting Championships|World Championships]]}}
{{MedalGold|[[2017 World Weightlifting Championships|2017 Anaheim]]|[[2017 World Weightlifting Championships – Women's 48 kg|48kg]]}}
{{MedalSilver|[[2022 World Weightlifting Championships|2022 Bogotá]]|[[2022 World Weightlifting Championships – Women's 49 kg|49kg]]}}
{{MedalSilver|[[2025 World Weightlifting Championships|2025 Førde]]|[[2025 World Weightlifting Championships – Women's 48 kg|48kg]]}}
{{MedalComp|[[Commonwealth Games]]}}
{{MedalGold|[[Weightlifting at the 2018 Commonwealth Games|2018 Gold Coast]]|[[Weightlifting at the 2018 Commonwealth Games – Women's 48 kg|48kg]]}}
{{MedalGold|[[Weightlifting at the 2022 Commonwealth Games|2022 Birmingham]]|[[Weightlifting at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Women's 49 kg|49kg]]}}
{{MedalSilver|[[Weightlifting at the 2014 Commonwealth Games|2014 Glasgow]]|[[Weightlifting at the 2014 Commonwealth Games – Women's 48 kg|48kg]]}}
{{MedalComp|[[Commonwealth Weightlifting Championships|Commonwealth Championships]]}}
{{MedalGold|[[2013 Commonwealth Weightlifting Championships|2013 Penang]]|48kg}}
{{MedalGold|[[2017 Commonwealth Weightlifting Championships|2017 Gold Coast]]|48kg}}
{{MedalGold|[[2019 Commonwealth Weightlifting Championships|2019 Apia]]|49kg}}
{{MedalGold|[[Commonwealth Weightlifting Championships|2025 Ahmedabad]]|48kg}}
{{MedalSilver|[[2015 Commonwealth Weightlifting Championships|2015 Pune]]|48kg}}
{{MedalComp|[[Asian Weightlifting Championships|Asian Championships]]}}
{{MedalBronze|[[2020 Asian Weightlifting Championships|2020 Tashkent]]|[[2020 Asian Weightlifting Championships#Women|49kg]]}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[South Asian Games]]}}
{{MedalGold|[[2016 South Asian Games|2016 Guwahati]]|[[Weightlifting at the 2016 South Asian Games#Women|48kg]]}}
| module = {{Infobox police officer
| embed = yes
| branch =[[Manipur Police]]
| service_years = 2022–present
| rank = [[Additional Superintendent of Police]]
| awards = [[Khel Ratna Award]] [[Padma Shri]]
}}
}}
{{Contains special characters|Meitei}}
{{Meitei name|[[Saikhom]]|Mirabai|[[Chanu (name suffix)|Chanu]]}}
'''Mirabai Chanu Saikhom''' (born 9 August 1994) is an Indian [[Olympic weightlifting|weightlifter]]. She won the silver medal at the [[2020 Summer Olympics|2020 Tokyo Olympics]] in the [[Weightlifting at the 2020 Summer Olympics – Women's 49 kg|women's 49 kg]] event. She has won gold medals at the [[World Weightlifting Championships|World Championships]] and [[Commonwealth Games]]. She was awarded the [[Padma Shri]] and [[Khel Ratna Award]] by the [[Government of India]] in 2018.

Chanu won the silver medal in the [[Weightlifting at the 2004 Summer Olympics – Women's 48 kg|women's 48 kg]] weight class at the [[Weightlifting at the 2014 Commonwealth Games|2014 Commonwealth Games]]; she went on to break the games record en route to the gold medal at the [[2018 Commonwealth Games]]. Prior to the [[2020 Summer Olympics|2020 Tokyo Olympics]], her biggest achievement came in 2017, when she won a gold medal at the [[2017 World Weightlifting Championships|World Championships]].<ref>{{cite news |author= |title=Mirabai Chanu wins gold medal in World Weightlifting Championships |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/other-sports/mirabai-chanu-wins-gold-medal-in-world-weightlifting-championships/story-jNshqWzng2FebQbk7l5itN.html |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |location= |date=30 November 2017 |access-date=24 August 2021}}</ref> She is a former [[World record progression women's weightlifting|world record holder]] in clean & jerk in the 49 kg category. In 2022, she joined [[I-League]] club [[NEROCA FC|NEROCA]] as its brand ambassador.<ref name="PS 2023">{{cite web|url=https://parallelsports.in/news/neroca-fc-to-strengthen-team-plans-to-invite-mirabai-chanu-to-motivate-the-boys-before-i-league|title=NEROCA FC to strengthen team, plans to invite Mirabai Chanu to motivate the boys before I-League|website=parallelsports.in|publisher=Parallel Sports News|date=11 August 2023|access-date=9 October 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231009084837/https://parallelsports.in/news/neroca-fc-to-strengthen-team-plans-to-invite-mirabai-chanu-to-motivate-the-boys-before-i-league|archive-date=9 October 2023|first1=Sudeep|last1=Pakrashi}}</ref>

== Early life and background ==
Mirabai was born on 8 August 1994 in [[Imphal East district|Nongpok Kakching]]<ref>{{Cite news|last=Sirur|first=Simrin|date=2021-07-25|title=In her Manipur village, Mirabai Chanu's family prepared for a feast to celebrate Olympic feat|url=https://theprint.in/sport/in-her-manipur-village-mirabai-chanus-family-prepares-for-a-feast-to-celebrate-olympic-feat/702571/|access-date=2021-07-27|work=[[ThePrint]]|language=en-US}}</ref> about 30 km away from [[Imphal]] city, [[Manipur]]<ref>{{Cite news|last=Ratnadip|first=Choudhury|date=July 24, 2021|access-date=July 27, 2021|title = First Reaction From Mirabai Chanu's Family, Neighbours In Manipur On Her Silver|work=[[NDTV]]|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/tokyo-olympics-2020-mirabai-chanu-watch-first-reaction-from-mirabai-chanus-family-neighbours-in-manipur-on-big-win-2493674}}</ref> to a [[Meitei people|Meitei]] family, a warrior clan of that region.<ref>{{cite news |author= |title=Mirabai Chanu's parents in tears after daughter wins silver in Tokyo Olympics|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/sports/olympics/mirabai-chanu-s-parents-in-tears-after-daughter-wins-silver-in-tokyo-olympics-101627126712327.html |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |location= |date=24 July 2021 |access-date=24 August 2021}}</ref> Chanu identified herself as a follower of [[Sanamahism]] and she also stated that she is follower of [[Hinduism]] as well.<ref>{{Cite web|first=Chitra|last=Ahanthem|title=Saikhom Mirabai Chanu: One Olympic medal and its many stories|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/saikhom-mirabai-chanu-one-olympic-medal-and-its-many-stories-153172|date=2021-07-30|access-date=2021-08-04|website=[[The News Minute]]|language=en}}</ref> Her family identified her strength when she was just 12. She could easily carry a huge bundle of firewood home when her elder brother found it hard to even pick it up.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Nair|first=Shashank|title=Mirabai Chanu wins silver at Tokyo Olympics: Why Manipur is churning out world-class weightlifters|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/mirabai-saikom-chanu-silver-medal-tokyo-olympics-explained-7420127/|date=2021-07-24|access-date=2021-07-24|website=[[The Indian Express]]|language=en}}</ref> She trained at the Sports Academy in Manipur. She hitched rides with truck drivers carrying sand. After winning the Olympic medal, she invited the truck drivers to offer her gratitude and touched their feet as a sign of respect.<ref>{{Cite web|title='Never forget a favour': Twitter gets emotional seeing Olympic medallist Mirabai Chanu touching feet of truck drivers|url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/never-forget-a-favour-twitter-gets-emotional-seeing-olympic-medallist-mirabai-chanu-touching-feet-of-truck-drivers-11628479543365.html|date=2021-08-09|access-date=2021-08-13|website=[[Mint (newspaper)|Mint]]|language=en}}</ref>

== Career ==
[[File:The Union Minister for Information & Broadcasting, Youth Affairs and Sports, Shri Anurag Singh Thakur among others felicitating Tokyo Olympics silver medalist Saikhom Mirabai Chanu and her coach Vijay Sharma in New Delhi on July 26, 2021 (9).jpg|thumb|The Union Minister for Information & Broadcasting, Youth Affairs and Sports, [[Anurag Singh Thakur]] and other ministers and officials felicitating Tokyo Olympics Silver Medalist Saikhom Mirabai Chanu and her coach Vijay Sharma in New Delhi on July 26, 2021.]]
Chanu's first major breakthrough came at the [[2014 Commonwealth Games|Glasgow edition of the Commonwealth Games]]; she won the silver medal in the 48 kg weight category.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://zeenews.india.com/sports/commonwealth-games-2014/lifter-sanjita-chanu-wins-india-s-first-gold-medal-at-2014-commonwealth-games_792347.html|title=Lifter Sanjita Khumukcham wins India's first gold medal at 2014 Commonwealth Games|work=[[Zee News]]|date=24 July 2014|access-date=24 August 2021}}</ref>

[[File:Mirabai Chanu with her parents.jpg|thumb|''Mirabai Chanu was officially inducted as an Additional Superintendent of Police''<ref>https://olympics.com/en/news/mirabai-chanu-manipur-police-weightlifting-tokyo-olympics {{Bare URL inline|date=August 2024}}</ref> (Sports) on January 15, 2022 by the Manipur Police in Imphal. This recognition highlights her significant achievement and contribution to Indian sports. ]]

=== 2016 Rio Olympics ===
Chanu qualified for the [[2016 Summer Olympics|2016 Rio Olympics]] in the [[Weightlifting at the 2016 Summer Olympics – Women's 48 kg|women's 48 kg]] category. However, she failed to complete the event, owing to no successful lifts in any of her three attempts in the clean & jerk section.<ref>{{cite news|title=Rio Olympics 2016: India's Saikhom Mirabai Chanu fails to complete weightlifting event|url=http://www.firstpost.com/sports/rio-olympics-2016-indias-saikhom-mirabai-chanu-fails-to-complete-weightlifting-event-2940026.html|access-date=8 August 2016|work=Firstpost Sports|publisher=Firstpost|date=7 August 2016}}</ref>

===2017–2021===
In 2017, she won the gold medal in the Women's 48 kg category by lifting a competition record 194 kg in total (85 kg snatch and 109 kg clean & jerk) in the [[2017 World Weightlifting Championships]] held at [[Anaheim, California]], United States.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/more-sports/others/mirabai-chanu-wins-gold-at-world-weightlifting-championships/articleshow/61859324.cms|title=Mirabai Chanu wins gold at World Weightlifting Championships|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=30 November 2017|access-date=24 August 2021}}</ref>

Chanu lifted a total of 196 kg, 86 kg in Snatch, and 110 kg in Clean and Jerk to win the first gold medal for India in the [[2018 Commonwealth Games]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/sports/commonwealth-games/cwg-2018-live-score-mirabai-chanu-weightlifting-live-streaming-5124033/|title=CWG 2018: Mirabai Chanu sets CWG record to clinch first gold medal for India|website=[[The Indian Express]]|date=April 5, 2018|access-date=August 24, 2021}}</ref> En route to the medal, she broke the game's record for her weight category; the effort also marked her personal best performance.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Highlights, Commonwealth Games 2018 Gold Coast: Weightlifters Mirabai Chanu, P Gururaja bring India glory on Day 1|language=en|work=Firstpost Sports|publisher=Firstpost|url=https://www.firstpost.com/sports/highlights-commonwealth-games-2018-gold-coast-weightlifters-mirabai-chanu-p-gururaja-bring-india-glory-on-day-1-4418861.html/amp|date=2018-04-05|access-date=2021-08-24}}</ref> She missed out on a bronze medal in the 49 kg category at [[2019 Asian Weightlifting Championships]] with a total lift of 199 kg, her personal best, as her Snatch weight was lower than the third-place athlete, both of whom had identical totals.

At the [[2019 World Weightlifting Championships]], Mirabai lifted a total of 201 kg (87 kg Snatch and 114 kg Clean & Jerk) to finish fourth.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://iwf.sport/results/results-by-events/?event=472|title=2019 IWF World Championships|access-date=24 August 2021 |url-status=dead|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20191011204023/https://www.iwf.net/new_bw/results_by_events/?event=472|archive-date=11 October 2019|publisher=[[International Weightlifting Federation]]}}</ref> This personal best total also created a new national record in the 49 kg category. She broke her personal record again four months later when she lifted 203 kg (88 kg in Snatch and 115 kg in Clean & Jerk,) in the 49 kg category to win the gold medal at the 2020 Senior National Weightlifting Championships.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://olympics.com/en/news/mirabai-chanu-national-championship-record|title=Mirabai Chanu breaks personal record to win national championship |work=[[olympics.com]] |date=4 February 2020|access-date=9 February 2020}}</ref>

In April 2021, she won the bronze medal at the [[2020 Asian Weightlifting Championships]] in Tashkent where she lifted 86 kg in snatch and then created the [[List of world records in Olympic weightlifting#Women|world record]] by lifting 119 kg in the clean and jerk, for a total of 205 kg.<ref name="lifting hope">{{Cite web|first=Kaushik|last=Deka|date=July 19, 2021 |title=Lifting hope {{!}} Saikhom Mirabai Chanu|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/cover-story/story/20210719-lifting-hope-saikhom-mirabai-chanu-1825903-2021-07-10|access-date=2021-07-19|work=[[India Today]]|language=en}}</ref> In June 2021, Chanu became the only Indian woman weightlifter to qualify for the [[2020 Summer Olympics]]<ref name="only weighlifter to qualify in 2020" /> by securing a second position on the Absolute Rankings for the 49 kg category.<ref name="only weighlifter to qualify in 2020">{{Cite news|first=Rohan|last=Sen|date=June 12, 2021 |title=Tokyo Olympics: Mirabai Chanu becomes first Indian weightlifter to qualify for 2021 Summer Games|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/other-sports/story/mirabai-chanu-only-indian-weightlifter-to-qualify-for-tokyo-2020-olympic-games-1814054-2021-06-12|access-date=2021-07-19|work=[[India Today]]|language=en}}</ref><ref name="Mirabai Chanu silver first">{{Cite news|first=Saurabh|last=Kumar|date=July 24, 2021 |title=Tokyo 2020: Mirabai Chanu becomes first Indian weightlifter to win silver in Olympics|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/tokyo-olympics/story/tokyo-olympics-weightlifting-mirabai-chanu-women-s-49kg-1832018-2021-07-24|access-date=2021-07-24|work=[[India Today]]|language=en}}</ref>

=== 2020 Tokyo Olympics ===

Chanu won the silver medal in [[Weightlifting at the 2020 Summer Olympics – Women's 49 kg|49 kg division]] at the [[2020 Summer Olympics]] in Tokyo with a total lift of 202 kg,<ref name="Mirabai Chanu silver first" /> becoming the first Indian weightlifter to win silver at the Olympics, the second Indian weightlifter after [[Karnam Malleswari]] to win an Olympic medal, and the second Indian woman after [[P. V. Sindhu]] to win an Olympic silver. A new [[List of Olympic records in weightlifting|Olympic record]] was registered by Chanu with a successful lift of 115 kg in clean and jerk.<ref name="Mirabai Chanu silver first" /><ref>{{cite news |title=Mirabai Chanu wins silver as India get first medal at Tokyo 2020 Olympics |url=https://www.espn.in/olympics/summer/weightlifting/story/_/id/31872462/tokyo-olympics-mirabai-chanu-wins-silver-india-get-first-medal-2020-games |access-date=26 July 2021 |work=[[ESPN]] |date=24 July 2021 |language=en}}</ref> Her win ensured India its first medal at the [[2020 Summer Olympics|Tokyo Olympics]].

Aftermath of Tokyo Olympic [[Manipur]] Chief Minister [[N. Biren Singh]] announced an award of {{INR}}1 crore for her.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Laithangbam|first=Iboyaima|date=2021-07-26|title=Manipur CM Biren assures suitable job for Mirabai Chanu|language=en-IN|work=[[The Hindu]]|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/manipur-cm-biren-assures-suitable-job-for-mirabai-chanu/article35530972.ece|access-date=2021-07-26|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> Indian Railway Minister [[Ashwini Vaishnaw]] announced an award of ₹2 crores, promotion, and more for her.<ref>{{Cite news|agency=PTI|date=27 July 2021|access-date=24 August 2021|title=Govt felicitates Tokyo Olympics silver medallist Mirabai Chanu, announce reward, promotion|work=[[ThePrint]]|url=https://theprint.in/sport/govt-felicitates-tokyo-olympics-silver-medallist-mirabai-chanu-announce-reward-promotion/703753/}}</ref> Domino's Pizza India also offered her free pizza for life.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Domino's Pizza offers lifetime free pizzas to Olympian Saikhom Mirabai Chanu |url=https://www.ifp.co.in/8676/dominos-pizza-offers-lifetime-free-pizzas-to-olympian-saikhom-mirabai-chanu |access-date=2023-01-21 |website=[[Imphal Free Press]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Domino's pledges free pizza for life to India's silver medallist Saikhom Mirabai Chanu - Biting silver |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/india/dominos-pledges-free-pizza-for-life-to-indias-silver-medallist-saikhom-mirabai-chanu/biting-silver/slideshow/84753111.cms |access-date=2023-01-21 |website=The Economic Times}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Domino's India decides to fulfill Tokyo Olympics silver medalist Chanu Saikhom Mirabai's 'pizza wish' |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/sport/olympics/2021/jul/25/dominos-india-decides-to-fulfill-tokyo-olympics-silver-medalist-chanu-saikhom-mirabais-pizza-wish-2335204.html |access-date=2023-01-21 |website=The New Indian Express|date=25 July 2021 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |agency=Press Trust of India |date=2021-07-25 |title=Domino's to offer free pizza for life to Olympic medallist Mirabai Chanu |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/sports/domino-s-to-offer-free-pizza-for-life-to-olympic-medallist-mirabai-chanu-121072500498_1.html |access-date=2023-01-21 |website=www.business-standard.com |language=en |last1=India |first1=Press Trust of }}</ref>

===2022 Birmingham Commonwealth Games===
Chanu won gold medal in 49 kg category at Commonwealth Games 2022 held at Birmingham, England.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-08-04 |title=Mirabai Chanu clinches India's 1st gold medal of Commonwealth Games 2022, shatters Games record in women's weightlifting |work=Adda247 |url=https://currentaffairs.adda247.com/mirabai-chanu-wins-indias-first-gold-medal/ |access-date=2022-08-04}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Rowbottom |first=Mike |date=30 July 2022 |title=India's Chanu reigns supreme in women's weightlifting 49kg class |work=InsideTheGames.biz |url=https://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1126403/chanu-india-weightlifting |access-date=30 July 2022}}</ref> She lifted a total of 201 kg in snatch and cleaned and jerk.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-07-30 |title=Commonwealth Games 2022: Mirabai Chanu wins first gold medal for India |work=The Bridge |url=https://thebridge.in/commonwealth-games/mirabai-chanu-wins-first-gold-for-india-cwg-2022-33857 |access-date=2022-07-31}}</ref>

=== 2022 Asian Games ===
Chanu competed in the [[Weightlifting at the 2022 Asian Games – Women's 49 kg|49kg]] weightlifting event at the [[2022 Asian Games]]. She finished in 4th position with a total lift of 191 kg—83 kg in Snatch and 108 kg in Clean and Jerk. During her final attempt at 117 kg in Clean and Jerk, she suffered a thigh injury and was unable to complete the lift, missing out on a potential bronze medal.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-09-30 |title=Asian Games 2023: Mirabai Chanu picks up thigh injury, fails to win medal in Hangzhou |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/asian-games-2023/story/asian-games-2023-mirabai-chanu-picks-up-thigh-injury-fails-to-win-medal-in-hangzhou-2442675-2023-09-30 |access-date=2025-06-05 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>

=== 2024 Paris Olympics ===
Mirabai Chanu competed in the women's 49kg weightlifting event at the [[2024 Summer Olympics |Paris 2024 Olympics]].
She finished at 4th position in Women's 49kg Weightlifting event by lifting 88Kg in Snatch and 111Kg in Clean and Jerk. Her total of 199Kg was 1Kg short of the result of Thailand's [[Surodchana Khambao]] who finished as the bronze medalist.

==Achievements==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
! rowspan=2 width=40 | Year
! rowspan=2 width=250 | Venue
! rowspan=2 width=60 | Weight
! colspan=4 | Snatch (kg)
! colspan=4 | Clean & Jerk (kg)
! rowspan=2 width=60 | Total
! rowspan=2 width=40 | Rank
|-
! width=60 | 1
! width=60 | 2
! width=60 | 3
! width=45 | Rank
! width=60 | 1
! width=60 | 2
! width=60 | 3
! width=45 | Rank
|-
! colspan=13 | [[Weightlifting at the Summer Olympics|Summer Olympics]]
|-
| [[Weightlifting at the 2016 Summer Olympics|2016]] || align=left | [[Rio de Janeiro]], Brazil || [[Weightlifting at the 2016 Summer Olympics – Women's 48 kg|48 kg]] || <s>82</s> || '''82''' || <s>84</s> || {{n/a}} || <s>103</s> || <s>106</s> || <s>106</s> || {{n/a}} || {{abbr|DNF|Did not finish}} || ―
|-
|-
| [[Weightlifting at the 2020 Summer Olympics|2020]] || align=left | [[Tokyo]], Japan || [[Weightlifting at the 2020 Summer Olympics – Women's 49 kg|49 kg]] || 84 || '''87''' || <s>89</s> || {{n/a}} || 110 || '''115''' || <s>117</s> || {{n/a}} || '''202''' || '''{{Silver2}}'''
|-
| [[Weightlifting at the 2024 Summer Olympics|2024]] || align=left | [[Paris]], France
|[[Weightlifting at the 2024 Summer Olympics – Women's 49 kg|49 kg]]
|85
|<s>88</s>
|'''88'''
|{{n/a}}
|<s>111</s>
|'''111'''
|<s>114</s>
|{{n/a}}
|199
|4
|-
! colspan=13 | [[World Weightlifting Championships|World Championships]]
|-
| [[2017 World Weightlifting Championships|2017]] || align=left | [[Anaheim, California|Anaheim]], United States || [[2017 World Weightlifting Championships – Women's 48 kg|48 kg]] || 83 || <s>85</s> || '''85''' || {{Silver2}} || 103 || 107 || '''109''' || {{Gold1}} || '''194''' || {{Gold1}}
|-
|[[2019 World Weightlifting Championships|2019]] || align=left| [[Pattaya]], Thailand || [[2019 World Weightlifting Championships – Women's 49 kg|49 kg]] || 84 || '''87''' ||<s>89</s> || 5 || 111 || '''114''' || <s>118</s> || 4 || '''201''' || 4
|-
| [[2022 World Weightlifting Championships|2022]] || align=left | [[Bogotá]], Colombia || [[2022 World Weightlifting Championships – Women's 49 kg|49 kg]] || 84 || <s>87</s> || '''87''' || 5 || <s>111</s> || 111 || '''113''' || {{Silver2}} || '''200''' || {{Silver2}}
|-
|[[2025 World Weightlifting Championships|2025]] || align=left| [[Førde (town)|Førde]], Norway || [[2025 World Weightlifting Championships – Women's 48 kg|48 kg]] || '''84''' || <s>87</s> || <s>87</s> || {{bronze03}} || 109 || 112 || '''115''' || {{silver02}} || '''199''' || {{silver02}}
|-
! colspan=13|[[IWF World Cup]]
|-
| [[2024 IWF World Cup|2024]] || align=left| [[Phuket (city)|Phuket]], Thailand ||59 kg || 75 || 79 || '''81''' || 13 || 98 || '''103''' || <s>106</s> || 9 || '''184''' || 12
|-
! colspan=13 | [[Weightlifting at the Asian Games|Asian Games]]
|-
| [[Weightlifting at the 2014 Asian Games|2014]] || align=left | [[Incheon]], South Korea || [[Weightlifting at the 2014 Asian Games – Women's 48 kg|48 kg]] || 70 || 73 || '''75''' || {{n/a}} || 90 || 93 || '''96''' || {{n/a}} || '''171''' || 9
|-
| [[Weightlifting at the 2022 Asian Games|2023]] || align=left | [[Hangzhou]], China || [[Weightlifting at the 2022 Asian Games – Women's 49 kg|49 kg]] || '''83''' || <s>86</s> || <s>86</s> || {{n/a}} || '''108'''|| <s>117</s> || <s>117</s> || {{n/a}} || '''191''' || 4
|-
! colspan=13 | [[Asian Weightlifting Championships|Asian Championships]]
|-
| [[2016 Asian Weightlifting Championships|2016]] || align=left | [[Tashkent]], Uzbekistan || 48 kg || 81 || '''81''' || <s>84</s> || 7 || 102 || '''106''' || <s>108</s> || 6 || '''190''' || 7
|-
| [[2019 Asian Weightlifting Championships|2019]] || align=left | [[Ningbo]], China || 49 kg || 83 || <s>86</s> || '''86''' || 4 || 109 || '''113''' || <s>115</s> || {{Bronze3}} || '''199''' || 4
|-
| [[2020 Asian Weightlifting Championships|2021]] || align=left | [[Tashkent]], Uzbekistan || 49 kg || <s>85</s> || <s>85</s> || '''86''' || 4 || 113 || 117 || '''119 [[World record progression women's weightlifting|WR]]''' || {{Gold1}} || '''205''' || {{Bronze3}}
|-
|[[2023 Asian Weightlifting Championships|2023]]|| align=left| [[Jinju]], South Korea || 49 kg || '''85''' || <s>88</s> || <s>88</s> || 5 || '''109''' || — || — || 6 || '''194''' || 6
|-
! colspan=13|[[Weightlifting at the Commonwealth Games|Commonwealth Games]]
|-
|[[Weightlifting at the 2014 Commonwealth Games|2014]] || align=left| [[Glasgow]], Scotland || [[Weightlifting at the 2014 Commonwealth Games – Women's 48 kg|48 kg]] || 72 || <s>75</s> || '''75''' || {{n/a}} || 92 || '''95''' ||<s>98</s>|| {{n/a}} || '''170''' || {{Silver2}}
|-
| [[Weightlifting at the 2018 Commonwealth Games|2018]] || align=left | [[Gold Coast, Australia]] || [[Weightlifting at the 2018 Commonwealth Games – Women's 48 kg|48 kg]] || 80 || 84 || '''86''' || {{n/a}} || 103 || 107 || '''110''' || {{n/a}} || '''196''' || {{Gold1}}
|-
| [[Weightlifting at the 2022 Commonwealth Games|2022]] || align=left | [[Birmingham]], England || [[Weightlifting at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Women's 49 kg|49 kg]] || 84 || '''88''' || <s>90</s> || {{n/a}} || 109 || '''113''' || <s>120</s> || {{n/a}} || '''201''' || {{Gold1}}
|}

== Awards ==
[[File:The President, Shri Ram Nath Kovind presenting the Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna Award, 2018 to Ms. S. Mirabai Chanu for Weightlifting, in a glittering ceremony, at Rashtrapati Bhavan, in New Delhi on September 25, 2018.JPG|thumb|The President of India presenting the Major Dhyan Chand Khel Ratna Award to Chanu at Rashtrapati Bhavan, New Delhi.]]

=== National ===
* [[Major Dhyan Chand Khel Ratna]], the highest sporting honor of India (2018)<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://zeenews.india.com/other-sports/world-weightlifting-champion-mirabai-gets-rs-20-lakh-2076548.html|title=World weightlifting champion Mirabai gets Rs 20 lakh|date=2018-01-27|work=[[Zee News]]|access-date=2018-01-29|language=en}}</ref>
* [[Padma Shri]], the fourth highest civilian award of India (2018)<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india-padma-awards-2018-announced-ms-dhoni-sharda-sinha-among-85-recipients-here-s-complete-list-424273|title=Padma awards 2018 announced, MoS Dhoni, Sharda Sinha among 85 recipients {{!}} Here's complete list|publisher=[[India TV]]|date=25 January 2018|access-date=26 January 2018}}</ref>

===Rewards===
'''For winning the silver medal at the 2020 Tokyo Summer Olympics -'''
*{{INRConvert|1|c}} rupees from [[BYJU'S]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Tokyo Olympics 2020: BYJU'S announces Rs 2 crore for Neeraj Chopra, Rs 1 crore each for other medallists|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/tokyo-olympics/india-in-tokyo/tokyo-olympics-2020-byjus-announces-rs-2-crore-for-neeraj-chopra-rs-1-crore-each-for-other-medallists/articleshow/85146181.cms|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=8 August 2021|access-date=24 August 2021}}</ref>
* {{INRConvert|50|l}} from the Government of India.<ref>{{cite news |last=Sharma |first=Nitin |date=12 July 2021 |title=Rs 6 crore or Rs 25 lakh for Olympics gold? Home state key to cash prize |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/olympics/rs-6-crore-or-rs-25-lakh-for-olympics-gold-home-state-key-to-cash-prize-7400117/ |work=[[The Indian Express]] |location= |access-date=24 July 2021}}</ref>
* {{INRConvert|1|c}} from the [[Government of Manipur]],<ref>{{cite news |last=Leivon |first=Jimmy |date=28 June 2021 |title=Manipur govt announces Rs. 1.2 crore to athletes who win gold in Tokyo Olympics |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/sport-others/manipur-govt-announces-rs-1-2-crore-to-athletes-who-win-gold-in-tokyo-olympics-7379922/ |work=[[The Indian Express]] |location= |access-date=24 July 2021}}</ref> and appointment as Additional Superintendent of Police (Sports) in the [[State Police Services|Manipur State Police]].<ref name="welcome">{{cite news|author= |date=27 July 2021 |title=Olympic silver medallist Mirabai Chanu gets rousing welcome in Imphal |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/sport/olympics/2021/jul/27/olympic-silver-medallist-mirabai-chanu-gets-rousing-welcome-in-imphal-2336238.html |work=[[The New Indian Express]] |location= |access-date=27 July 2021}}</ref>
* {{INRConvert|2|c}} from the [[Ministry of Railways (India)]] and promotion in the Northeast Frontier Railway.<ref>{{cite news |date=27 July 2021 |title=Promotion, ₹ 2 Crore For Weightlifter Mirabai Chanu After Olympic Silver |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/rs-2-crore-reward-promotion-for-weightlifter-mirabai-chanu-after-olympic-silver-2495515 |work=[[NDTV]] |location= |access-date=28 July 2021}}</ref>
*{{INRConvert|50|l}} from the [[Board of Control for Cricket in India]]<ref name="raining">{{cite news|author= |date=7 August 2021 |title=Raining rewards for Olympic gold medallist Neeraj Chopra! Haryana, Punjab, BCCI announce cash awards for star javelin thrower|url=https://www.financialexpress.com/sports/raining-rewards-for-olympic-gold-medallist-neeraj-chopra-haryana-punjab-bcci-announce-cash-awards-for-star-javelin-thrower/2306502/|work=[[The Financial Express (India)|Financial Express]] |location= |access-date=7 August 2021}}</ref>
*{{INRConvert|40|l}} from the Indian Olympic Association.<ref>{{cite news |author= |title=Tokyo Olympics: Coaches of gold winners to get ₹12.5 lakh from IOA, Chanu coach to get ₹10 lakh |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/sports/olympics/tokyo-olympics-coaches-of-gold-winners-to-get-rs-12-5-lakh-from-ioa-chanu-coach-to-get-rs-10-lakh-101627125333727.html |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |location= |date=24 July 2021 |access-date=7 August 2021}}</ref>
* Other rewards
** {{INRConvert|20|l}} from the Government of Manipur for the gold medal in the [[2017 World Weightlifting Championships]].<ref>{{cite news |author= |title=Rs 20 lakh reward for champion lifter Mirabai Chanu |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/sport-others/rs-20-lakh-reward-for-champion-lifter-mirabai-chanu-5041760/ |work=[[The Indian Express]] |location= |date=28 January 2018 |access-date=24 July 2021}}</ref>
** {{INRConvert|10|l}} from the Government of Manipur for qualifying for the 2020 Tokyo Summer Olympics.<ref>{{cite news |author= |title=Manipur star weightlifter receives ₹10 lakh incentive from state govt |url=https://thenortheasttoday.com/states/manipur/manipur-star-weightlifter-receives-%E2%82%B910-lakh-incentive-from/cid3436626.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624135314/https://thenortheasttoday.com/states/manipur/manipur-star-weightlifter-receives-%E2%82%B910-lakh-incentive-from/cid3436626.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=24 June 2021 |work=The Northeast Today |location= |date=24 June 2021 |access-date=25 July 2021 }}</ref>
** {{INRConvert|25|l}} from the Government of Manipur for participating in the 2020 Tokyo Summer Olympics.<ref name="welcome"/>

===Others===
* ''[[The Times of India]]'' TOISA Weightlifter of the Year: 2021<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/toisa-2021-neeraj-chopra-headlines-the-list-of-winners/articleshow/94847901.cms|title=TOISA 2021: Neeraj Chopra headlines the list of winners|date=14 October 2021|access-date=26 October 2022|website=timesofindia.indiatimes.com|publisher=[[The Times of India]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221026215006/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/toisa-2021-neeraj-chopra-headlines-the-list-of-winners/articleshow/94847901.cms|archive-date=26 October 2022|location=New Delhi|url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref>

==In popular culture==
=== Mei Iklaba Thamoi (play) ===
''Mei Iklaba Thamoi'' is a [[Meitei language]] [[Shumang Kumhei]] play based on the life of Mirabai Chanu, directed by [[Shougrakpam Hemanta]], released on 19 September 2021.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://e-pao.net/GP.asp?src=Sport1..300721.jul21|title=Shumang Leela based on Mirabai soon|access-date=19 August 2021|website=e-pao.net}}</ref>

=== Upcoming film ===
A biographical Manipuri feature film on Mirabai Chanu was also announced by Seuti Films. The movie will be directed by OC Meira and screenplay by Manaobi MM.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ifp.co.in/8802/biopic-feature-on-mirabai-chanu-to-be-made|title=Biopic feature on Mirabai Chanu to be made|date=19 August 2021|access-date=31 July 2021|newspaper=[[Imphal Free Press]]|archive-date=2 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221002174335/https://www.ifp.co.in/8802/biopic-feature-on-mirabai-chanu-to-be-made|url-status=dead}}</ref>

== See also ==

* [[India at the 2020 Summer Olympics]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{sports links}}

{{Commons category}}
{{Footer World Champions Weightlifting Women Flyweight}}
{{Footer Commonwealth Games Champions Weightlifting Women Flyweight}}
{{Padma Shri Award Recipients in Sports}}
{{Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna Awardees}}
{{Olympic medalists for India}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Chanu, Saikhom Mirabai}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Meitei people]]
[[Category:Indian female weightlifters]]
[[Category:1994 births]]
[[Category:Commonwealth Games silver medallists for India]]
[[Category:Sportswomen from Manipur]]
[[Category:Weightlifters at the 2014 Commonwealth Games]]
[[Category:Weightlifters at the 2014 Asian Games]]
[[Category:Weightlifters at the 2022 Asian Games]]
[[Category:Asian Games weightlifters for India]]
[[Category:Weightlifters at the 2016 Summer Olympics]]
[[Category:Weightlifters at the 2020 Summer Olympics]]
[[Category:Weightlifters at the 2024 Summer Olympics]]
[[Category:Olympic weightlifters for India]]
[[Category:Olympic silver medalists for India]]
[[Category:Olympic medalists in weightlifting]]
[[Category:Medalists at the 2020 Summer Olympics]]
[[Category:Sportspeople from Imphal]]
[[Category:World Weightlifting Championships medalists]]
[[Category:Weightlifters from Manipur]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in sports]]
[[Category:Weightlifters at the 2018 Commonwealth Games]]
[[Category:Weightlifters at the 2022 Commonwealth Games]]
[[Category:Commonwealth Games gold medallists for India]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Khel Ratna Award]]
[[Category:South Asian Games medalists in weightlifting]]
[[Category:Medallists at the 2014 Commonwealth Games]]
[[Category:Medallists at the 2018 Commonwealth Games]]
[[Category:Medallists at the 2022 Commonwealth Games]]
[[Category:Commonwealth Games gold medallists in weightlifting]]
[[Category:Commonwealth Games squash players for India]]
[[Category:Commonwealth Games silver medallists in weightlifting]]
[[Category:Commonwealth Games weightlifters for India]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian sportswomen]]
[[Category:Asian Weightlifting Championships medalists]]

Ambarish Der

2026-04-04T03:06:04Z

Frederickdube: New!

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2022}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific_prefix =
| name =Ambarish Der
| honorific_suffix =
| image =
| office = [[Gujarat Legislative Assembly|Member of Gujarat Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start = 2017
| term_end = 2022
| office1 = [[Gujarat Pradesh Congress Committee|Working President of Gujarat Pradesh Congress Committee]]
| term_start1 = 9 July 2022 - 4 March 2024
| constituency = [[Rajula Assembly constituency|Rajula]]
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1977|12|20|df=y}}
| birth_place = varasda [[Amreli]], [[Gujarat]], [[India]]
| death_date =
| death_place =
| party = [[Bhartiya Janta Party|BJP]]
| relations =
| spouse = Jignaben Der
| children =
| parents = Jivabhai Der
| alma_mater =
| profession =Businessman
| website =
| footnotes =
| date = 18 November
| year = 2022
| source =https://ourneta.com/neta/der-amrishbhai-jivabhai/
}}

''' Ambarishbhai Jivabhai Der''' is [[BJP]] politician from the state of [[Gujarat]], [[India]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Amrishbhai Der|work= ourneta.com |url=https://ourneta.com/neta/der-amrishbhai-jivabhai/|access-date=18 Nov 2022}}</ref> He was a member of [[Gujarat Legislative Assembly]] elected from [[Rajula Assembly constituency]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Gujarat 2017|work= myneta.info |url=https://myneta.info/gujarat2017/candidate.php?candidate_id=3947|date=9 Jul 2022|access-date=18 Nov 2022}}</ref> He was the working president of [[Gujarat Pradesh Congress Committee]], before joining BJP in March 2024.<ref>{{cite web |title=Gujarat Congress appoints seven working presidents ahead of state polls|work= The New Indian Express |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2022/jul/09/gujarat-congress-appoints-seven-working-presidents-ahead-of-state-polls-2474554.html|date=9 Jul 2022|access-date=18 Nov 2022}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Der, Ambarish}}
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Gujarat]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1977 births]]
[[Category:Gujarat MLAs 2017–2022]]

Ivan Joseph Crasto

2026-04-03T06:45:24Z

Frederickdube:

{{Short description|Indian army officer}}
{{Infobox military person
| honorific_prefix = [[Colonel]]
| name = Ivan Joseph Crasto
| honorific_suffix = [[Kirti Chakra|KC]]
| image = [[File:Ivan Joseph Crasto.jpg|250px]]
| image_size = 250 px
| caption = Portrait of Colonel Ivan Joseph Crasto
| birth_date = 
| birth_place = [[Goa]], [[India]]
| allegiance = {{flag|India}}
| branch = {{army|India}}
| serviceyears = 1978-??
| rank = [[File:Colonel of the Indian Army.svg|24px]] [[Colonel]]
| servicenumber = IC-35129
| unit = [[Parachute Regiment (India)|1 PARA (SF)]]
| commands = [[Parachute Regiment (India)|1 PARA (SF)]]
| known_for = Timber Trail cable car rescue
| battles =
| awards = [[File:Kirti Chakra ribbon.svg|30px]] [[Kirti Chakra]]
| alma_mater = [[National Defence Academy (India)| National Defence Academy]] [[Indian Military Academy]]
}}

[[Colonel]] '''Ivan Joseph Crasto''', [[Kirti Chakra|KC]] is a retired officer of the Indian Army with the elite [[Para (Special Forces)|Para SF]]. During a daring civilian rescue mission known as the Timber Trail Rescue in 1992, he was awarded India's second highest peacetime gallantry award the [[Kirti Chakra]] for his indomitable courage to save the civilian from cable car.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Army commando who rescued Himachal tourists from dangling cable car now teaches Math in Australia |url=https://theprint.in/defence/army-commando-who-rescued-himachal-tourists-from-dangling-cable-car-now-teaches-math-in-australia/696749/ |work=The Print}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=We owe so much to our soldiers |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/musings/we-owe-so-much-to-our-soldiers/ |work=Tribune India}}</ref>

==Early life and education==
Crasto was born in Goa to a naval officer. His spent his childhood in [[Mount Abu]]. He dreamed of being a lawyer, but his father coerced him to join NDA in the footsteps of his elder brother.<ref>{{Cite news |title=IAF ex-chief recalls daredevil rescue op |url=https://www.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/iaf-ex-chief-recalls-daredevil-rescue-op/amp_articleshow/61095328.cms |work=Times of India}}</ref>

==Military career==
Crasto was one of the first [[gentleman cadet]]s among four others to do para jumping at [[Indian Military Academy]]. Joseph Crasto was commissioned into the Para SF in Indian Army on July 1978.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rescue on the Timber Trail |url=https://soldier2ndlife.com/card/rescue-on-the-timber-trail}}</ref> He held key command and operational roles, eventually leading the 21st Battalion, Parachute Regiment (Special Forces).<ref>{{Cite news |title=Parwanoo Timber Trail: ताजा हुईं 30 साल पुराने हादसे की यादें, जब एक जांबाज अफसर ने बचाई थी 10 लोगों की जान |url=https://www.amarujala.com/amp/shimla/himachal-news-parwanoo-timber-trail-accident-rescue-operation-1992-colonel-ivan-joseph-crasto-indian-army-officer-story |work=Amar Ujala}}</ref>

'''Timber Trail Rescue (1992)'''

In October 1992, a cable car at Timber Trail, [[Parwanoo]], [[Himachal Pradesh]] became stranded mid-air with 10 passengers trapped inside due to a mechanical failure.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Dramatic video shows tourists stranded after mountain cable car breaks down in India |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/asia/india/himachal-pradesh-cable-car-tourist-b2104952.html |work=The Independent}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Cable car with 11 onboard gets stuck mid-air in Parwanoo, all rescued |url=https://m.economictimes.com/news/india/eight-tourists-stuck-in-cable-car-in-himachal-rescue-operation-underway/articleshow/92335896.cms |work=The Economic Times}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=TTR Ropeway Incident : वेब सीरीज ने याद दिलाई 1992 की वह खतरनाक घटना, 48 घंटे हवा में अटकी रही थी 11 जिंदगियां, तस्वीरें देख आज भी कांप जाएगी रूह |url=https://www.jagran.com/himachal-pradesh/kangra-see-in-web-series-how-11-lives-were-saved-in-the-ttr-ropeway-in-parwanoo-of-himachal-23060986.html |work=Jagran and Josh}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Himachal Pradesh: All 11 tourists stranded mid-air on ropeway in Parwanoo Timber Trail safely rescued |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/shimla/himachal-pradesh-11-tourists-stranded-mid-air-after-technical-glitch-in-cable-car-rescue-operation-under-way/articleshow/92336132.cms |work=Times of India}}</ref> [[Major (rank)|Major]] Crasto led a team in a high-risk rescue operation. Despite turbulent winds and dangerous conditions, Crasto’s leadership was crucial in saving the lives of the stranded civilians.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Tourists stuck on cable car in Himachal's Timber Trail resort rescued after 3 hours |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/amp/india/story/tourists-stranded-mid-air-cable-ca-technical-snag-himachal-pradesh-1964581-2022-06-20 |work=India Today}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Remembering the Timber Trail operation: How the IAF and an army commando rescued tourists who were suspended between life and death |url=https://www.firstpost.com/india/remembering-the-timber-trail-operation-how-the-iaf-and-an-army-commando-rescued-tourists-who-were-suspended-between-life-and-death-10054661.html/amp |work=First post}}</ref> For his “remarkable courage and leadership,” he was awarded the [[Kirti Chakra]], one of India’s peacetime gallantry awards.<ref>{{Cite web |title=2017 October 13 |url=https://todayweremember.wordpress.com/2017/10/27/2017-october-13/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Throwback: When Armed Forces Rescued 10 Tourists From Dangling Cable Car |url=https://www.ndtv.com/offbeat/on-this-day-in-1992-indian-armed-forces-rescued-10-tourists-stranded-in-cable-car-2575200 |work=NDTV}}</ref>

==Kirti Chakra==
The [[Kirti Chakra]] citation on the Gallantry awards government of India Website reads as follows:

{{Blockquote|{{center|'''CITATION''' 
'''MAJOR IVAN JOSEPH CRASTO''' 
'''PARA (SF) (IC-35129)''' 
'''(Effective date of the award: 14 October 1992)'''
}}
"On 13th October, 1992 at 1930 hours, Commanding Officer, Para (Commando) was informed that the haulage cable in a cable car system at Timber Trail, Parwanoo, Himachal Pradesh had snapped at 1530 hours leaving 10 tourists stranded in the cable car which was precariously hanging 1300 feet above the ground. The Commanding Officer was asked to move to the site" and "he prepared to launch a special rescue mission. A team of five men was selected for the rescue operation under the leadership of Major Ivan Joseph Crasto, an expert in heliborne operations and experienced combat free faller. In the morning, Major Ivan Joseph Crasto was taken up for an aerial recce in a Chetak Helicopter. Several attempts to close on to the cable car proved unsuccessful due to turbulent winds and the Helicopter was forced to return. By 1630 hours, with the chances of heliborne rescue getting remote, the last attempt in an MI-17 Helicopter was made, Major Ivan Joseph was strapped to a winch and made attempts to a land on the narrow greasy top of the cable car. After four determined efforts he finally managed to land on the greasy top of the cable car. The cable car all this while was swinging like a pendulum 1300 feet above the ground. Again displaying cool professionalism ho undid the hatch with alacrity and single handedly hauled up the first st passenger who was then winched up. He preferred spending the entire night in the cable car in order to boost the morale of and restore hope in the remaining tourists. The spirit, determination and courage of the officer inspired the entire joint team and on the morning of 15th October, 1992, in repeated flawless mission, witnessed by thousands. Major Ivan Joseph Crasto sont up all 18 passengers one by one displaying great skill and professionalism and undertaking lot of risk as one mistake in the movement of a passenger could endanger the lives of the passengers as well as those engaged in the rescue operation. He saved the lives of ten passengers in a venture fraught with grave risk and danger to life and thought to be impossible of execution. Major Ivan Joseph Crasto, thus, displayed conspicuous bravery, courage and determination of an exceptional order."<ref>{{citation|url=https://gallantryawards.gov.in/awardee/3286|title=MAJ IVAN JOSEPH CRASTO, Kirti Chakra|publisher=Gallantry awards government}}</ref>}}

==Rank and later life==
Crasto rose to the rank of [[Colonel]] before retiring from the Indian Army. After retirement, he settled in [[Australia]] as a [[Mathematics|Maths]] [[Teacher]] at [[St John Paul II Catholic College]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=Throwback: When Armed Forces Rescued 10 Tourists From Dangling Cable Car |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/chandigarh-news/8-people-in-cable-car-stuck-mid-air-in-hp-s-timber-heights-resort-3-rescued-101655721101306-amp.html |work=Hindustan Times}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Recipients of the Kirti Chakra]]
[[Category:People from Pune]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian Army officers]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

Nardeo Singh

2026-03-31T22:49:15Z

Frederickdube:

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Nardeo Singh
| office = Member of the [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start = 1962
| term_end = 1968
| constituency = [[Chandpur Assembly constituency|Chandpur]]
}}

'''Nardeo Singh''' is an Indian politician and a member of the [[2nd Vidhan Sabha of Uttar Pradesh|2nd]], [[3rd Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh|3rd]] and [[4th Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh]], in India. He represented the [[Chandpur Assembly constituency]] and is an [[Independent politician]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=🗳️ Nardeo Singh, Chandpur Assembly Elections 1969 LIVE Results {{!}} Election Dates, Exit Polls, Leading Candidates & Parties {{!}} Latest News, Articles & Statistics {{!}} LatestLY.com |url=https://www.latestly.com/elections/assembly-elections/uttar-pradesh/1969/chandpur/nardeo-singh/ |access-date=2023-04-21 |website=LatestLY |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=🗳️ Nardeo Singh, Chandpur Assembly Elections 1962 LIVE Results {{!}} Election Dates, Exit Polls, Leading Candidates & Parties {{!}} Latest News, Articles & Statistics {{!}} LatestLY.com |url=https://www.latestly.com/elections/assembly-elections/uttar-pradesh/1962/chandpur/nardeo-singh/ |access-date=2023-04-21 |website=LatestLY |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Chandpur Assembly Constituency Election Result - Legislative Assembly Constituency |url=https://resultuniversity.com/election/chandpur-uttar-pradesh-assembly-constituency |access-date=2023-04-21 |website=resultuniversity.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Chandpur Assembly Constituency Election Result 2022 - Candidates, MLAs, Live Updates & News |url=https://www.elections.in/uttar-pradesh/assembly-constituencies/chandpur.html |access-date=2023-04-21 |website=www.elections.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-10-31 |title=Chandpur 1957 Assembly MLA Election Uttar Pradesh {{!}} ENTRANCE INDIA |url=https://entranceindia.com/election-and-politics/chandpur-constituency-uttar-pradesh-assembly-election-1957-results-mla-voters-political-parties-data/ |access-date=2023-04-21 |language=en-US}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Uttar Pradesh MLAs 1962–1967]]
[[Category:Uttar Pradesh MLAs 1967–1969]]
[[Category:Uttar Pradesh MLAs 1957–1962]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing]]
[[Category:Independent politicians in India]]

{{UttarPradesh-politician-stub}}

T. V. Ravichandran

2026-03-30T05:41:58Z

Frederickdube:

{{Short description|Indian Police Service officer}}
{{Infobox office holder
| name = T V Ravichandran
| honorific_suffix = [[Indian Police Service|IPS]] (Retired)
| term_start = 15 July 2024
| office = [[Deputy National Security Advisor of India]] | predecessor = [[Rajinder Khanna]]
| successor =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1964|08|03}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=IPS : Query Result(s) |url=https://dtf.in/wp-content/files/Indian_Police_Service_IPS_-_Civil_List_2014.htm |access-date=2023-11-20 |website=dtf.in}}</ref>
| birth_place = [[India]]
}}
'''T V Ravichandran''' (born 3 August 1964) is the current Deputy [[National Security Advisor of India]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-07-03 |title=TV Ravichandran, Pawan Kapoor appointed as new deputy National Security Advisors |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/ips-tv-ravichandran-ifs-pawan-kapoor-deputy-nsa-ajt-doval-2561481-2024-07-03 |access-date=2024-07-03 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Bhandari |first=Shashwat |date=2024-07-02 |title=TV Ravichandran appointed as Deputy NSA, EX-R&AW chief Rajinder Khanna as Additional NSA |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/tv-ravichandran-appointed-as-deputy-national-security-advisor-nsa-ex-r-aw-chief-rajinder-khanna-as-additional-nsa-2024-07-02-939950 |access-date=2024-07-03 |website=www.indiatvnews.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |agency=ABP News Bureau |date=2024-07-03 |title=TV Ravichandran Appointed Deputy National Security Advisor |url=https://news.abplive.com/news/india/tv-ravichandran-deputy-national-security-advisor-1699869 |access-date=2024-07-03 |website=news.abplive.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-07-02 |title=IB Special Director TV Ravichandran Appointed As Deputy NSA, Rajinder Khanna Made Additional NSA |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/india/ib-special-director-tv-ravichandran-appointed-as-deputy-nsa-rajinder-khanna-made-additional-nsa-article-111439498 |access-date=2024-07-03 |website=Times Now |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=T.V Ravichandran IPS has been appointed as Deputy National Security Advisor |url=https://www.witnessinthecorridors.com/BureaDetailsNew.aspx?id=45272 |access-date=2024-07-03 |website=Witness In The Corridors |language=en}}</ref> and the former special director of the [[Intelligence Bureau (India)|Intelligence Bureau]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=admin |title=T V Ravichandran appointed Special Director, IB {{!}} |url=https://whispersinthecorridors.com/detail/101666-T+V+Ravichandran+appointed+Special+Director,+IB.html |access-date=2024-07-03 |website=Whispersinthecorridors}}</ref> He is the former [[Director General of Police]] in [[Tamil Nadu]] and a retired [[Indian Police Service]] (IPS) officer of the 1990 batch in [[Tamil Nadu]] cadre.<ref>{{Cite web |last=admin |title=Ravichandran promoted to DGP grade in Tamil Nadu {{!}} |url=https://www.whispersinthecorridors.com/detail/70775-Ravidhandran-promoted-to-DGP-grade-in-Tamil-Nadu |access-date=2024-07-03 |website=Whispersinthecorridors}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ravichandran, T. V.}}
[[Category:21st-century Indian people]]
[[Category:1964 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian police officers]]
[[Category:Indian spies]]
[[Category:Indian government officials]]

Soorya Gopi

2026-03-29T17:44:49Z

Frederickdube: Stub

{{short description|Indian writer}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2018}}
{{Infobox writer
| embed =
| honorific_prefix = [[Doctor (title)|Dr]]
| name = Soorya Gopi
| honorific_suffix =
| image = SOORYA GOPI.jpg
| image_size =
| image_upright =
| alt =
| caption =
| native_name = സൂര്യ ഗോപി
| native_name_lang =
| pseudonym =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1987|8|26|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Kollam]], [[Kerala]], India
| death_date = 
| death_place =
| resting_place =
| occupation = [[Litterateur]], [[short story|Short story writer]] & [[Sociologist]]
| language =
| nationality =
| citizenship =
| education = [[PhD]] in [[Sociology]]
| alma_mater = [[Zamorin's Guruvayurappan College]]
| period =
| genre = 
| subject = 
| movement =
| notable_works =
| spouse = {{marriage|P.K. Sujith|2012}}
| partner = 
| children = 1
| relatives =
| awards = [[Kendra Sahitya Akademi Award|Kendra Sahitya Akademi Yuva Award]]
| signature =
| signature_alt =
| years_active =
| module =
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}}
'''Soorya Gopi''' is an Indian [[litterateur]], [[short story]] writer, and [[sociologist]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=16-06-23 Soorya Gopi inaugurating Socio Assn |url=https://teresas.ac.in/kendra-sahitya-akademi-award-for-young-writers-2016/16-06-23-soorya-gopi-inaugurating-socio-assn/ |access-date=2024-04-17 |website=St.Teresa’s College (Autonomous) |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Carmel College, Mala: Best Degree & Diploma Courses in Thrissur 2024 - Affordable Quality Education |url=https://www.carmelcollegemala.ac.in/details/423 |access-date=2024-04-22 |website=www.carmelcollegemala.ac.in}}</ref> Soorya is the recipient of [[Sahitya Akademi Award|Kendra Sahitya Akademi Yuva Award]] 2016. She was born on 26 August 1987 at [[Kollam]], Kerala, India to poet [[P. K. Gopi]] and Komalam.

==Early life and education==
She was educated at the [[Presentation High School]] and Basel Evangelical Mission Higher Secondary School,<ref>{{Cite news |last=Raveendran |first=Aabha |date=2024-05-11 |title=First girls' school in Malabar celebrates 175th anniversary |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/first-girls-school-in-malabar-celebrates-175th-anniversary/article68164268.ece |access-date=2024-09-27 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> both of which are in [[Kozhikode]]. She has a [[bachelor's degree]] in [[Sociology]] and [[Malayalam]] and a master's degree in [[Sociology]] from [[Zamorin's Guruvayurappan College]], ranking first in [[University of Calicut]] in both cases. She has acquired a Doctoral degree in Sociology from Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam.<ref>{{Citation|title=അക്ഷരങ്ങളുണരുന്ന നന്മവീട്{{!}} Interview{{!}} PK Gopi{{!}} Arya Gopi{{!}} Soorya Gopi| date=2 November 2019 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IXTZh15EnOo|language=en|access-date=2019-12-29}}</ref>

== Career ==
Soorya Gopi had worked as a Sociology lecturer in various institutions in Kerala.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mathrubhumi.com/books/features/article-pk-gopi-dr-arya-gopi-dr-soorya-gopi-1.4247029|title='കഥയോ കവിതയോ എഴുതിയാൽ അത് അച്ഛൻ എഴുതിത്തന്നതാണോയെന്നായിരുന്നു അന്നൊക്കെ ചോദ്യം'|last=കാവ്‌|first=സ്വീറ്റി|website=Mathrubhumi|language=en|access-date=2019-12-29|archive-date=29 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191229213228/https://www.mathrubhumi.com/books/features/article-pk-gopi-dr-arya-gopi-dr-soorya-gopi-1.4247029|url-status=dead}}</ref> WWK reviews her story as :''The story “Chirakulla Changalakal” (“Chains with Wings”) is included here. The content of this story are the thoughts in loneliness of a girl who was sold. The author presents very beautifully in simple and effortless style, how a girl who was sold by her own parents as a housemaid sits in a sort of solitary confinement and views the outerworld with a wounded heart writing in intense pain and sorrow. The story ends where the girl escapes from the man who bought her and disappears in the crowded city. The symbols and metaphors that flash through the story and noteworthy. At the very outset of the story, there is an indication of a dead, rotten and stinking donkey and this is followed by the story of a few lives imprisoned in an inevitable tragedy.''<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://womenwritersofkerala.com/author.php?author_id=736&lang=en|title=Women Writers of Kerala, Women Authors of Kerala, Women Writers of India, All Kerala Writers|website=womenwritersofkerala.com|access-date=2019-12-29}}</ref> Dr. Soorya has been contributing to her area of interests like gender, media and literature for the past two decades, through academic endeavors.<ref>{{Cite web | title=Home {{!}} Ministry of Culture | url=https://indiaculture.gov.in/sites/default/files/press_release/Press_Releaseon_12-01-2023-1_13012023.pdf | access-date=2026-03-29 | website=indiaculture.gov.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.manoramaonline.com/literature/literaryworld/arya-gopi-favorite-books-literature.html|title=മനുഷ്യർക്ക് വേണ്ടി പൊരുതുന്ന കഥകളോടിഷ്ടം : സൂര്യ ഗോപി|website=ManoramaOnline}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=Sacred Heart College, Thevara | Sociology | url=https://www.shcollege.ac.in/rl_gallery/sociology/ }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HB8jrnGyX50|title=Medium is the message- summary of speech delivered by Dr. Soorya Gopi at sahitya akademi Kolkata|date=23 January 2023|via=YouTube}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-09-27 |title=Exclusive |url=https://tv.mathrubhumi.com/en/news/exclusive/soorya-gopi-sudev-nair-on-morning-show-%7C-mathrubhumi-news-1.45508 |access-date=2024-09-27 |website=Mathrubhumi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=honey |title=കേന്ദ്ര സാഹിത്യ അക്കാദമിയുടെ യുവ സാഹിത്യപുരസ്കാരം സൂര്യാ ഗോപിക്ക് |url=https://www.asianetnews.com/news/soorya-gopi-bangs-kendra-sahithya-acacemy-award |access-date=2024-09-27 |website=Asianet News Network Pvt Ltd |language=ml}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-06-17 |title=Sahitya Akademi announces Yuva Puraskar winners |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/sahitya-akademi-announces-yuva-puraskar-2857751/ |access-date=2024-09-27 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

==Bibliography ==
*''Pookkale Snehicha Penkutti'' (2006)
*''[https://keralabookstore.com/book/uppumazhayile-pachilakal/1325/ Uppumazhayile Pachilakal]'' (2012)
*''Pranayamathryum'' (2016)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.manoramaonline.com/literature/literaryworld/fathers-day-special-legacy-literature.html|title=കാവ്യപൂമരത്തിലെ രണ്ടു പെൺപുഷ്പങ്ങൾ|website=ManoramaOnline|access-date=2019-12-29}}</ref>
*''[https://lipipublications.com/product/kaamuki-kaduva/ Kaamuki Kaduva]'' (2020)
*''Marutha [https://www.amazon.in/MARUTHA-SOORYA-GOPI-Soorya-Gopi/dp/9348573004]'' (2025)

==Awards==
* [[Kendra Sahitya Akademi Award|Kendra Sahitya Akademi Yuva Award]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.asianetnews.com/news/soorya-gopi-bangs-kendra-sahithya-acacemy-award|title=കേന്ദ്ര സാഹിത്യ അക്കാദമിയുടെ യുവ സാഹിത്യപുരസ്കാരം സൂര്യാ ഗോപിക്ക്|website=asianetnews.com|access-date=2021-06-02}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.deshabhimani.com/special/news-10-07-2016/573726|title=പൂര്‍ണം ഈ അപൂര്‍ണത|website=deshabhimani.com|access-date=2019-12-29}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=യുവസാഹിത്യപുരസ്കാരം സൂര്യാ ഗോപിക്ക് |url=https://www.manoramaonline.com/literature/literaryworld/yuva-sahithya-puraskaram-for-surya-gopi.html |access-date=2024-10-13 |website=ManoramaOnline}}</ref>
* Ankanam E. P. Sushama endowment award for best short story (2013)<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2014-06-06 |title=About Soorya Gopi |url=https://www.oneindia.com/2007/04/28/muttathu-varkey-award-for-t-padmanabhan-1177769158.html |access-date=2019-05-25 |website=Soorya Gopi |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Madhyamam Daily|Madhyamam]]-Velicham award best short story (2009)<ref name=":0" />
* Ankanam - Geetha Hiranyan Best Short Story award (2008)<ref name=":0" />
* [[Muttathu Varkey]] Kalaalaya Sahitya award for best short story (2008)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.oneindia.com/2007/04/28/muttathu-varkey-award-for-t-padmanabhan-1177769158.html|title=Muttathu Varkey award for T Padmanabhan |work=Oneindia News |date=28 April 2007 }}</ref>
* [[State Bank of India]]-SBT award for the book ''Pookkale Snehicha Penkutti'' (2006)<ref name=":0" />
* [[Malayala Manorama]] best short story award (2006)<ref name=":0" />
* Poorna [[Uroob]] award for best short story (2005)<ref name=":0" />

==Personal life==
Soorya married P.K. [https://keralabookstore.com/show-books-of-author.do?manuId=963 Sujith] in 2012. They have a daughter named Chilanka.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Gopi, Soorya}}
[[Category:1987 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Women writers from Kerala]]
[[Category:Writers from Kollam]]
[[Category:Malayalam-language writers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian short story writers]]
[[Category:Indian women short story writers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian women writers]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Sahitya Akademi Yuva Puraskar]]

Central Research Institute for Jute and Allied Fibers

2026-03-25T22:25:25Z

Frederickdube: updated details

{{Cleanup bare URLs|date=September 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2018}}
{{more citations needed|date=January 2021}}
{{Infobox university
| name = ICAR-Central Research Institute for Jute and Allied Fibers
| image = Central Research Institute for Jute and Allied Fibers.png
| caption = [[logo]] of ICAR-CRIJAF
| type = Research Institute on Agriculture in India
| established = {{start date and age|1953}}
| director = Dr. Gouranga Kar
|staff =
|faculty =
| city = [[Barrackpore]], [[North 24 Parganas]]
| state = [[West Bengal]]
| country = [[India]]
| coor = {{Coord|22.45|88.26|region:IN_type:edu|display=inline, title}}
| campus = [[urban area|Urban]] [[Nilganj]], [[Barrackpore]]
| affiliations = [[Indian Council of Agricultural Research]], New Delhi
|website = [http://www.crijaf.org.in/ Official Website]
|alumni =
|}}

'''ICAR-Central Research Institute for Jute and Allied Fibers''' ('''ICAR-CRIJAF'''), established in 1953 as Jute Agricultural Research Institute (JARI), is the only research institute on jute & allied fibres crops in India and is a constituent unit of [[Indian Council of Agricultural Research]] (ICAR), an Autonomous Body under Department of Agricultural Research & Education (DARE) under Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare, [[Government of India]].<ref>https://www.dare.nic.in/dare{{Dead link|date=March 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Institutions of ICAR |url=https://icar.org.in/ICAR-Institutes}}</ref> This institute is located in [[Barrackpore]], [[North 24 Parganas]], [[West Bengal]], [[India]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=भारतीय कृषि अनुसंधान परिषद Indian council of agricultural research. Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare |url=https://icar.org.in/Indian}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://crijaf.icar.gov.in/ ICAR-CRIJAF : केन्द्रीय पटसन एवं समवर्गीय रेशा अनुसंधान संस्थान / Central Research Institute for Jute and Allied Fibres]

{{Scientific Research in West Bengal}}

[[Category:Research institutes in Kolkata]]
[[Category:Multidisciplinary research institutes]]
[[Category:Research institutes established in 1953]]
[[Category:1953 establishments in West Bengal]]
[[Category:Research institutes in West Bengal]]

{{WestBengal-university-stub}}

Madirasi

2026-03-25T15:09:49Z

Frederickdube: put up a article.

{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2015}}

{{Infobox film
| name = Madirasi
| image = Madirashi Movie Poster.jpg
| alt =
| caption =
| director = [[Shaji Kailas]]
| producer = Jagadeesh Chandran, Impresario
| writer = Rajesh Jayaraman
| starring = [[Jayaram]] [[Kalabhavan Mani]] [[Meera Nandan]] [[Meghana Raj]]
| music = [[Satish Sujit]]
| cinematography = [[Shaji Kumar]]
| editing = [[Don Max (editor)|Don Max]]
| studio = Kichu Films, Impresario Motion Pictures
| distributor = Kichu Films, KNM Films Release
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2012|12|7}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Malayalam
| budget =
}}
'''''Madirasi''''' is a 2012 Indian [[Malayalam]] action comedy film directed by [[Shaji Kailas]], starring [[Jayaram]], [[Meera Nandan]], [[Kalabhavan Mani]], [[Meghana Raj]], [[Tini Tom]], [[John Vijay]], and [[Kailash (actor)|Kailash]].<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/slide-show/slide-show-1-south-four-malayalam-films-open-today/20121207.htm | title=Four Malayalam releases this Friday! | publisher=Rediff | date=7 December 2012 | first=Vijay | last=G | accessdate=19 September 2020}}</ref> The film is based on a series of true incidents that took place in the city of [[Madras]], known in Malayalam as "Madirasi". Madirasi is, however, described as a part of [[Coimbatore]] in the film.

==Plot==
The film tells the story of Chandran Pillai, a widower from a village in Kerala. Bhama, a teacher, wants to marry Chandran Pillai and be a mother to his son, whom she likes a lot. The story begins with a Delhi-based young journalist named Jayakrishnan getting kidnapped. In the meantime, Chandran Pillai travels to Madirasi, to buy his son a bicycle. He is drawn into a vicious circle when he goes probing the disappearance of Johny, a police constable.

==Cast==
* [[Jayaram]] as Chandran Pillai
* [[Kalabhavan Mani]] as [[Constable]] Johny
* [[John Vijay]] as [[Superintendent of police (India)|SP]] Devaram [[Indian Police Service|IPS]]
* [[Tini Tom]] as Jayapalan
* [[Meera Nandan]] as Bhama
* [[Meghana Raj]] as Maya
* [[Kailash (actor)|Kailash]] as Jayakrishnan
* [[Kochu Preman]] as Nambeeshan
* [[Aishwariyaa Bhaskaran|Aishwarya]] as Ragini, Devaram's wife
* [[Alphonsa (actress)|Alphonsa]] as Mallika
* [[Janardhanan (actor)|Janardhanan]] as Kurup
* [[Sreelatha Namboothiri]] as Lakshmi, Chandran's mother
* [[Sunil Sukhada]] as Stephen Tharakan, Church Father
* [[Sasi Kalinga]] as Olimpian
* [[Bheeman Raghu]] as Achenkeeri
* [[Santhosh (actor)|Santhosh]] as Udumpi Mani
* Manju Sajish

==Production==
After 21 years, Jayaram and Shaji Kailas finally collaborated on a movie. The last time they were seen together was for ''Kilukkampetty'' released in 1991.<ref>[https://archive.today/20130126150408/http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/tamil/article/88801.html "Madhirasi for this week"]</ref> "Jayaram and I have been discussing to do a movie for four to five years. When I did the script for ''Madirasi'', I thought Jayaram was the apt person to essay the role," says Shaji.<ref>[https://archive.today/20130126080743/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-07-09/news-and-interviews/32604174_1_shaji-kailas-simhasanam-madirasi "Jayaram and Shaji Kailas team up again"]</ref>

==Release==
The film, initially planned to be released in October, was announced for a 23 November release. It was again postponed to 7 December due to theater strike.

===Critical response===
The film was panned by critics. Unni R Nair, in his review for Kerala9.com, rated the film {{Rating|1.5|5}} and said, "Shaji Kailas seems to have lost his touch. His last film, ''Simhasanam'', was a let down. Now his latest, ''Madirashi'', seems to re-iterate this fact. The film is a mess and disappoints you beyond all limits."<ref>[http://kerala9.com/news/madirasi-malayalam-movie-review/ "Madirasi Malayalam Movie Review"]</ref> Veeyen of Nowrunning.com gave a {{Rating|1|5}} rating and said, "I had always felt that Shaji Kailas needed to rediscover himself. But now, after ''Madirasi'', I have serious doubts about the reinvention idea. "<ref>[http://www.nowrunning.com/movie/10954/malayalam/madirashi/4010/review.htm "Madirasi Review"]</ref> Theaterbalcony.com gave a 49% rating and said, "There is nothing which will amuse us in ''Madirasi'', be it some genuine laugh, story, or performances."<ref>[http://theaterbalcony.com/Movie-detail/madirasi-malayalam-movie-review/ "Madirasi Malayalam Review"]</ref>

==Soundtrack==
{{Infobox album
| name = Madirasi
| type = soundtrack
| artist = Satish Sujith
| cover =
| released = 2012
| recorded =
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Film soundtrack|Feature film soundtrack]]
| length =
| label =
| producer = Jagadeesh Chandran & Impresario Motion Pictures
| prev_title = Ashtagandham
| prev_year = 2012
| year = 2012
}}
The film has one song composed by the composer duo [[Satish Sujith]]. The lyrics are by [[Mohan Udhinoor]].

{{Track listing
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Artist(s)
| title1 = Maaripoonkuyile
| extra1 = [[Manjari Babu|Manjari]]
| length1 = 4:15
}}

==References==
<references />

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|2779664|Madirasi}}

Link to the video of the sound track on YouTube : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yjn9xvQDH3U
{{Shaji Kailas}}
[[Category:2012 films]]
[[Category:Indian action comedy films]]
[[Category:2012 action comedy films]]
[[Category:2012 Malayalam-language films]]
[[Category:2012 comedy films]]
[[Category:Films shot in Coimbatore]]
[[Category:Films directed by Shaji Kailas]]

Putalabai

2026-03-23T16:49:11Z

Frederickdube:

{{One source|date=May 2022}}
{{Short description|Queen Consort of the Maratha Empire}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2026}}
'''Putalabai Bhosale''' (née '''Palkar''') was the third wife of the [[Maratha Empire|Maratha]] king [[Chhatrapati]] [[Shivaji]]. She was from Palkar Family{{cn|date=November 2019}} and married Shivaji in 1653.<ref name=advstudy>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=d1wUgKKzawoC|title=Advanced study in the history of modern India 1707-1813|isbn=9781932705546|page=47|last=Jaswant Lal Mehta|date=2005-01-01|publisher=Sterling Publishers Pvt. }}</ref> Putalabai had no children. She committed [[Sati (practice)|Sati]] after the death of Shivaji.<ref name=advstudy /><ref>{{Cite book |last=Duff |first=James Grant |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zazHJPn--I8C&q=Soyera |title=A History of the Mahrattas |date=1873 |publisher=Published at the Times of India Office |language=en}}</ref>
{{Infobox royalty
| name = Putalabai Bhonsale
| title = [[Maharani]] of the [[Maratha Kingdom]]
| regnal name = Shrimant Akhand Soubhagyavati Putalabai Rani Saheb Bhosale
| birth_date =
| birth_place =
| birth_name = Putalabai
| death_date = 27 June 1680
| death_place = [[Raigad Fort]], [[Maratha Kingdom]] (present-day [[Raigad district]], [[Maharashtra]])
| consort = yes
| spouse = [[Shivaji]] (m. 1653)
| issue =
| full name = Putalabai Shivajiraje Bhonsale
| house = Palkar/Mohite
| father =
| mother =
| religion = [[Hinduism]]
| succession1 = [[Queen consort]] of [[Maratha Empire]]
| reign-type1 = Tenure
| reign1 = 1674 - 1680
| predecessor1 = [[Soyarabai]]
| successor1 = [[Yesubai]]
| succession2 = [[Rajmata]] of [[Maratha Empire]]
| reign2 = 3 March 1680 - 27 June 1680
| predecessor2 = [[Soyarabai]]
| successor2 = [[Sakvarbai]]
}}

==In popular culture==

*Samira Gujar portrayed Putulabai in the popular TV series ''[[Raja Shivchhatrapati (TV series)|Raja Shivchhatrapati]]''

*Smita Shewale portrayed Putulabai in ''[[Veer Shivaji]]''

*Pallavi Vaidya played Putulabai in ''[[Swarajyarakshak Sambhaji]]'', a television show that depicted the life of Shivaji Maharaj's son Sambhaji Maharaj.

*Saayali Sunil plays Putulabai in [[Swarajya Janani Jijamata]]

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{MarathaEmpire}}

[[Category:Indian female royalty]]
[[Category:Queens consort of the Maratha Empire]]
[[Category:Suicides in India]]
[[Category:17th-century Indian women]]
[[Category:17th-century Indian people]]
{{India-royal-stub}}

Khalsa Darbar records

2026-03-23T07:43:02Z

Frederickdube: New new post

{{Short description|Records of the Sikh Empire}}
[[File:Khalsa Darbar record of the Sikh Empire's Lahore Darbar, concerning various members of Maharaja Ranjit Singh's court, ca.1827–34 01.jpg|thumb|Khalsa Darbar record of the Sikh Empire's Lahore Darbar, concerning various members of Maharaja Ranjit Singh's court, ca.1827–34]]
{{Sikh literature}}
'''Khalsa Darbar records''', also known as '''Lahore Darbar records''', refers to the official government documents produced by the [[Sikh Empire]]'s administration in India and Pakistan (which was referred to as the ''Khalsa Darbar'' or ''Lahore Darbar'').<ref name=":6">{{Cite book |last=Murphy |first=Anne |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198081685.003.0006 |title=Religious Interactions in Modern India |date=March 2019 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=9780198081685 |editor-last=Fuchs |editor-first=Martin |pages=165–187 |chapter=6: Configuring Community in Colonial and Precolonial Imaginaries: Insights from the Khalsa Darbar Records |editor-last2=Dalmia |editor-first2=Vasudha}}</ref><ref name=":03">{{Cite web |last=Jawad |first=Khizar |date=18 October 2018 |editor-last=Chatterjee |editor-first=Nandini |title=Work With Forms of Law in the Persian World Project |url=https://lawforms.hypotheses.org/239 |access-date=18 August 2024 |website=Lawforms |language=en, ur |doi=10.58079/qqvh}}</ref><ref name=":10">{{Cite web |title=Archives Wing - Attached Sections |url=https://www.punjab.gov.pk/s_and_gad_aw_attached_sections |access-date=26 August 2024 |website=Government of the Punjab (Pakistan)}}</ref> The records cover various aspects of the state, such as civil, military, and revenue administration.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last=Hasrat |first=B. J. |title=The Encyclopedia of Sikhism |publisher=Punjabi University |year=2011 |isbn=8173802041 |editor-last=Singh |editor-first=Harbans |edition=3rd |volume=2: E–L |location=Patiala |pages=477–78}}</ref>

== Dating ==
[[File:Detail of court chroniclers scribing down Khalsa Darbar records, from a painting of the royal court of Maharaja Ranjit Singh, by Bishan Singh, ca.1863–64.jpg|thumb|Detail of a painting of the royal court of Maharaja Ranjit Singh, by [[Bishan Singh (artist)|Bishan Singh]], ca.1863–64. Court chroniclers can be viewed scribing down Khalsa Darbar records.]]
The extant records covers the years 1811–1849 (Samvat 1868 to [[Chet (month)|Chet]] 1906 [[Vikram Samvat|B.S.]]), covering a period of 38 years, though the Pakistani government claims to possess records dating earlier to 1804.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":10" />

== Classification ==
Much of the extant Khalsa Darbar records relate to the economic/financial management system of the Sikh Empire.<ref name=":03" /> The economic-related records can be divided into four categories.<ref name=":03" /> Some of the records relate to correspondences and treaties between the [[East India Company|British East India Company]] and the Sikh Empire.<ref name=":12" />

=== Daftar-i-Fauj ===
[[File:Khalsa Darbar record of the Sikh Empire's Lahore Darbar, concerning Sikh victories in Kashmir, Skardu, Peshawar, Kabul and against the Baloch, each folio bearing the seal of Ali Muhammad, ca.1843–44 08.jpg|thumb|Khalsa Darbar record concerning Sikh victories in Kashmir, Skardu, Peshawar, Kabul and against the Baloch, each folio bearing the seal of Ali Muhammad, ca.1843–44]]
The ''Daftar-i-Fauj'' records relate to the army.<ref name=":03" /><ref name=":2" /> This category of records consists of pay-rolls of the cavalry, infantry, and artillery of the Sikh Empire's military forces, from which information can be deduced about the composition and strength of it.<ref name=":2" /> Even the salaries of blacksmiths and [[Beldar|beldars]] attached to the military are noted in the records.<ref name=":2" /> Conclusions can also be made about the caste-background of the military and the dominance of various castes.<ref name=":2" /> For example, until 1813 the military was mainly composed of Hindustanis, Gurkhas, and Afghans, with Jat Sikhs being a smaller element.<ref name=":2" /> After 1818, Punjabi Hindus, Sikhs, and Muslims became predominant in the Sikh Empire's military.<ref name=":2" /> It is important to note that membership of the Sikh military was not restricted to any particular caste or class.<ref name=":2" /> The records also reveal the names generals, colonels, and commandants of the Sikh military forces.<ref name=":2" /> The records reveal that in 1811, the Sikh Empire's military consisted of 2,852 infantry and 1,209 artillery.<ref name=":2" /> By 1845, these figures had risen to 70,721 total, with 53, 962 infantry, 6,235 cavalry and 10,524 artillery.<ref name=":2" /> The infantry and cavalry was 60 percent composed of Sikhs, 20 percent Muslims, and 20 percent Hindu.<ref name=":2" /> The artillery regiments were dominated by Muslims, with some being commanded by European officers.<ref name=":2" /> The total military expenditure amounted to 12,796,482 rupees, which was around a third of the annual revenue of the empire.<ref name=":2" /> The records note the date of transfers from one military unit to another, and removals by death, desertion, or dismissal.<ref name=":2" /> The pay-roll records and the ''jama' kharch'' (income and expenditure) records reveal the expenditures for the three branches of the military but also notes the income from rents of shops in regimental bazaars, revenue earned from selling the property of men dying without heirs, and a return of the ''in'ams'' or awards bestowed upon infantry officers on the occasions of [[Vijayadashami|Dussehra]] and [[Diwali]].<ref name=":2" />
{| class="wikitable"
|+Salaries for positions within the Sikh Empire's military based upon the Khalsa Darbar records<ref name=":2" />
!Position
!Monthly salary range (in rupees)
|-
|Commandant
|60–150 rupees
|-
|Adjutant
|30–60 rupees
|-
|Major
|21–25 rupees
|-
|[[Subedar]]
|20–30 rupees
|-
|[[Jemadar]]
|15–22 rupees
|-
|[[Havildar]]
|13–15 rupees
|-
|[[Naik (military rank)|Naik]]
|10–12 rupees
|-
|Sergeant
|8–12 rupees
|-
|[[Sepoy]]
|7–8 rupees
|}

=== Daftar-i-Mal ===
[[File:Khalsa Darbar record of the Sikh Empire, concerning payments issued by Maharaja Sher Singh.webp|thumb|Khalsa Darbar record of the Sikh Empire, concerning payments issued by [[Sher Singh|Maharaja Sher Singh]]]]
The ''Daftar-i-Mal'' records relate to the revenue department.<ref name=":03" /><ref name=":2" /> They can be further subdivided into three sub-categories:<ref name=":2" />

* ''Awarja'' – receipts and disbursements<ref name=":2" />
* ''Tauzihat'' – adjustments<ref name=":2" />
* ''Roznamcha'' – the day-book of disbursements<ref name=":2" />

The Sikh system of collecting revenue and maintaining accounts was well-developed, including the royal expenditures.<ref name=":2" /> From these records, information can be obtained regarding the reorganization of administrative sub-divisions of the polity, namely the ''[[Taluqa|taluqas]]'', detailing the districts and their subdivisions.<ref name=":2" /> Within each taluqa of the Sikh Empire, a general summary settlement was produced, recording the total area of cultivable land and the liabilities and rights of the landlords over the paying tenants.<ref name=":2" /> The names of the ''kardars'' (governors) of the administrative divisions are noted, as well as the per annum state revenue from various sources.<ref name=":2" />

=== Daftar-i-Toshakhana ===
The ''Daftar-i-Toshakhana'' records relate to the royal wardrobe and the maharajas' [[Privy Purse|privy purse]].<ref name=":03" /><ref name=":2" /> Inventories of confiscated properties and treasures are recorded in them.<ref name=":2" /> Corrupt officials had their immorally obtained wealth taken away from them.<ref name=":2" />

=== Jagirat ===
The ''Jagirat'' records relate to the ''[[jagir]]s''<nowiki/>' accounts.<ref name=":03" /><ref name=":2" /> Jagirs of various kinds were bestowed upon or assigned to civil and military officers but also religious figures and shrines.<ref name=":2" /> Many of the extant Khalsa Darbar records are in the form of ''dharmarth'' (charity) grants.<ref name=":12">{{Cite book |last=Banga |first=Indu |title=Agrarian System of the Sikhs: Late Eighteenth and Early Nineteenth Century |date=20 August 2023 |publisher=Manohar Publishers and Distributors |isbn=9789388540193 |edition=Reprint |pages=69, 148}}</ref>

== Language ==
[[File:Detail of a stamp mark made by a Gurmukhi seal, from a folio of a Khalsa Darbar record of the Sikh Empire..jpg|thumb|Detail of a stamp mark made by a Gurmukhi seal, from a folio of a Khalsa Darbar record of the Sikh Empire]]
The Khalsa Darbar records were written in [[Persian language|Persian]] (Farsi).<ref name=":03" /> The fact they were [[Persian language in the Indian subcontinent|written in Persian]] makes them difficult to decipher in the present-age.<ref name=":03" /> An additional difficulty is that they were written in a form of Persian fast-running-hand known as ''shikasta''.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Bhatia |first=Sardar Singh |title=The Encyclopedia of Sikhism |publisher=Punjabi University |year=2004 |isbn=817380530X |editor-last=Singh |editor-first=Harbans |edition=2nd |volume=4: S–Z |location=Patiala |pages=217–18}}</ref> There are also limited "incursions" of [[Gurmukhi]] in the records.<ref name=":24">{{Cite web |last=Chatterjee |first=Nandini |date=22 May 2018 |title=Fieldwork in Punjab, Pakistan, March 2018 |url=https://lawforms.hypotheses.org/147 |access-date=18 August 2024 |website=Lawforms |doi=10.58079/qqvc}}</ref> The documents were written in Persian as the Sikh Empire was a highly Persinate entity, showing aspects of continuity but also change in the tradition of administrative writing.<ref name=":24" />

== Publication ==
Much of the collections of the Khalsa Darbar records were catalogued and published by Sita Ram Kohli in two volumes in 1919 and 1927, respectively.<ref name=":03" /><ref name=":1" /> Sita Ram Kohli studied 300,000 Khalsa Darbar records, from between the years 1811–1849, that were tied-up with red-cloth in bundles at the [[Tomb of Anarkali]] in Lahore.<ref name=":1" /> His published catalogues of these records includes the name of the department, date, and a brief reference to the subject-matter in each case.<ref name=":1" /> The first volume of ''Catalogue of Khalsa Darbar Records'' by Sita Ram Kohli was published in 1919 and sums-up the records of the military department (''[[Sikh Khalsa Army|Daftar-i-Fauj]]'').<ref name=":1" /> The second volume, published later in 1927, covers the revenue records.<ref name=":1" />

== Collections ==
[[File:Khalsa Darbar record of a financial account related to the Sikh Army, the folio is elaborately illuminated and decorated, dual-usage of Gurmukhi and Perso-Arabic scripts can be witnessed, classified as a Daftar-i-Fauj record.jpg|thumb|Khalsa Darbar record of a financial account related to the Sikh Army, the folio is elaborately illuminated and decorated, dual-usage of Gurmukhi and Perso-Arabic scripts can be witnessed, classified as a ''Daftar-i-Fauj'' record]]
After the [[Second Anglo-Sikh war|annexation of the Sikh Empire]] in 1849, the vast corpuses of Khalsa Darbar records fell into the possession of the British.<ref name=":2" /> They were relegated to the storage of the vernacular office in the Civil Secretariat in Lahore.<ref name=":2" /> The records remained there untouched until [[Michael O'Dwyer]], the Lieutenant-Governor (1912–19), initiated a project to arrange and classify the records, which was led by Sita Ram Kohli.<ref name=":2" /> Kohli spent four years ordering the records.<ref name=":2" /> The records consisted of 129 bundles, with some bundles containing several thousand of sheets each.<ref name=":2" /> The individual record sheets are composed out of Kashmiri or Sialkoti paper, with the dimensions of the sheets generally being 5"x7.5".<ref name=":2" /> A supplement to the record bundles are fifteen manuscripts that are bound in leather, which are copies of the orders issued to various government officials and the sizable correspondence between the Lahore Darbar and the Ambala and Ludhiana political agencies of the British.<ref name=":2" />

=== Pakistan ===
Around 100,000 Khalsa Darbar records are kept in the collection of the [[Punjab Archives]] in Lahore.<ref name=":03" /><ref name=":24" /><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Khalid |first=Kanwal |date=28 September 2020 |title=International News: The Treasures of the Punjab Archives, Lahore, Pakistan |url=https://www.collegeart.org/news/2020/09/28/international-news-punjab-archives-pakistan-kanwal-khalid/ |access-date=26 August 2024 |website=College Art Association of America}}</ref> Khalsa Darbar records dating back to 1804 are kept in the Historical Record Office (Anarkali Tomb), with a Microfilming Unit included.<ref name=":10" /> The Punjab Archives has in its collection the ''Akhbar Darbar-e-Lahore'', produced between 1835 and 1849, which were the written accounts of the daily court proceedings of the Sikh Empire.<ref name=":0" /> Individual documents are on-display in the museum's general gallery.<ref name=":24" /> Pakistani scholar Khizar Jawad is currently working on a project to catalogue and translate all of the Khalsa Darbar records kept at the Lahore Museum.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jawad |first=Khizar |date=18 December 2019 |editor-last=Chatterjee |editor-first=Nandini |title=Of Gold, Gems, Gifts and Tributes: A Summary of important Economic Information in Amarnath’s Zafarnama-i-Ranjit Singh |url=https://lawforms.hypotheses.org/551 |access-date=18 August 2024 |website=Lawforms |doi=10.58079/qqvs}}</ref>

Some records are kept in the [[Fakir Khana|Fakir Khana Museum]].<ref name=":24" />

=== India ===
After 1947, some of the Khalsa Darbar records were shifted from Lahore to Shimla (then part of [[East Punjab]]).<ref name=":2" /> In 1959, the records were moved to the [[Punjab State Archives|Punjab Stale Archives]] in Patiala.<ref name=":2" /> In 1984, they were moved to the Archives Cell of [[Ram Bagh, Amritsar|Ram Bagh]], Amritsar.<ref name=":2" /> The West Bengal State Archives has some Khalsa Darbar records in its collection.<ref name=":8">{{Cite web |last=Chatterjee |first=Nandini |date=22 May 2018 |title=Fieldwork in Bengali Zone Part II Mar18 |url=https://lawforms.hypotheses.org/145 |access-date=19 August 2024 |website=Lawforms |doi=10.58079/qqvb}}</ref>

=== United Kingdom ===
The [[British Library]] has a collection of Persian manuscripts from the darbar (court) of Maharaja Ranjit Singh.<ref name=":03" />

== Microfilming and digitization ==
Some of the Khalsa Darbar records kept in the Lahore Museum have been digitized.<ref name=":24" /> The [[Panjab Digital Library]] has digitized some of the records.<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":8" /> An Indian project being carried out by Panjab Digital Library to digitize two million records held in the Punjab state archives department, including 2,500 bound volumes of Khalsa Darbar records, was reported to have stalled in April 2016 due to a lack of funds (the records have already been microfilmed).<ref>{{Cite news |last=Pal |first=Amaninder |date=17 April 2016 |title=State govt has no funds to digitise British-era files |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/features/state-govt-has-no-funds-to-digitise-british-era-files-223908 |access-date=26 August 2024 |work=The Tribune}}</ref>

== References ==
<references />
{{Sikh Empire}}

{{coord missing|India}}

[[Category:Sikh literature]]
[[Category:Indian manuscripts]]
[[Category:Archives in India]]

Phyllocnistis oxyopa

2026-03-15T22:26:46Z

Frederickdube: Put up stub

{{Short description|Species of moth}}

{{Speciesbox
| image =
| image_caption =
| taxon = Phyllocnistis oxyopa
| authority = ([[Edward Meyrick|Meyrick]], 1918)<ref name="GTD">[http://www.gracillariidae.net/species_by_code/PHYLOXYO Phyllocnistis oxyopa Meyrick, 1918] at the Global Taxonomic Database of Gracillariidae (Lepidoptera).</ref>
| synonyms =
}}

'''''Phyllocnistis oxyopa''''' is a [[moth]] of the family [[Gracillariidae]], known from [[Maharashtra]], [[India]].<ref name="GTD"/> It was named by [[E. Meyrick]] in 1918.<ref>Meyrick, E. 1918b. Exotic Microlepidoptera. - Exotic Microlepidoptera (Marlborough) 2(6):161–192.</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q7188747}}

[[Category:Phyllocnistis]]
[[Category:Endemic fauna of India]]
[[Category:Moths of Asia]]
[[Category:Moths described in 1918]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Edward Meyrick]]

{{Phyllocnistis-stub}}

Sminu Sijo

2026-03-15T04:45:52Z

Frederickdube: Stub

{{short description|Indian actress}}
{{EngvarB|date=August 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2025}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Sminu Sijo
| image =
| occupation = Actress
| years_active = 2018–present
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1979|05|31|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Kottayam]], [[Kerala]]
| parents =
| spouse = Sijo Ayyarukulangara
| children =
}}

'''Sminu Sijo''' is an Indian actress who predominantly works in [[Malayalam cinema|Malayalam films]]. She is noted for her performances in ''Rahel Makan Kora'',<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mathrubhumi.com/videos/interviews/rahel-makan-kora-actors-sminu-sijo-and-anson-paul-interview-1.9008751|title=സ്മിനു ചേച്ചിയെന്ന് വിളിക്കാൻ കിട്ടില്ല, ഇപ്പോൾ എല്ലാവർക്കും ഞാൻ റാഹേലമ്മയാണ്- സ്മിനു സിജോ | Talkies|date=22 October 2023|website=Mathrubhumi}}</ref> [[Jo and Jo|''Jo and Jo'']] and [[Sundari Gardens|''Sundari Gardens'']].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.onmanorama.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/2022/09/02/sundari-gardens-can-be-enjoyed-like-a-silent-breeze.html|title=Sundari Gardens can be enjoyed like a silent breeze|website=Onmanorama}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/2022/May/12/lockdown-chaos-with-a-lighter-touch-2452417.html|title=Lockdown chaos with a lighter touch|first=Sajin|last=Shrijith|date=12 May 2022|website=The New Indian Express}}</ref>

==Filmography==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year !! Title !! Role !! class="unsortable" | Notes
|-
| 2016 || ''[[School Bus (film)|School Bus]]'' || ||<ref>{{Cite news |date=May 16, 2023 |title=രണ്ടു പിഞ്ചു കുഞ്ഞുങ്ങളെ ഞങ്ങളെ ഏൽപ്പിച്ചാണ് അവൻ പോയത്: സ്മിനു സിജോ അഭിമുഖം |url=https://www.manoramaonline.com/movies/interview/2023/05/16/exclusive-chat-with-sminu-sijo.html |work=manoramaonline |language=Malayalam}}</ref>
|-
| 2018 || ''[[Njan Prakashan]]'' || Goplaji's wife ||
|-
| 2019 || ''[[Kettyolaanu Ente Malakha]]'' || Anna ||
|-
| rowspan=6 | 2021 || ''[[Operation Java]]'' ||Antony's mother ||
|-
| ''[[Yuvam]]'' || Nurse ||
|-
| ''[[The Priest (2021 film)|The Priest]]'' || Sheela ||
|-
| ''[[Tsunami (2021 film)|Tsunami]]'' || Molly ||
|-
| ''[[Nayattu]]''|| Maniyan's wife ||
|-
| ''[[Bhramam]]''|| Martha ||
|-
| rowspan=11 | 2022 || ''[[Member Rameshan 9aam Ward]]'' ||Rameshan's Mother ||
|-
| ''[[CBI 5: The Brain]]'' || Muthokkoya's sister ||
|-
| ''[[Jo and Jo]]'' || Lilly ||
|-
| ''[[Prakashan Parakkatte]]'' || Lalitha ||
|-
| ''[[Heaven (2022 film)|Heaven]]''|| [[Civil Police Officer|CPO]] Binimol ||
|-
| ''[[Priyan Ottathilanu]]'' || Vanitha ||
|-
| ''[[Sundari Gardens]]'' || Annamachi ||
|-
| ''[[1744 White Alto]]'' || Mahesh's mother ||
|-
| ''[[Shefeekkinte Santhosham]]'' || Safeera ||
|-
| ''Louis''|| ||
|-
| ''[[Saudi Vellakka]]'' || Sminu ||
|-
| rowspan=9 | 2023 || ''Theru'' || Janaki ||
|-
| ''[[Khali Purse of Billionaires]]'' || Vijay's mother ||
|-
| ''[[Janaki Jaane]]'' || Satyabhama ||
|-
| ''[[Neeraja]]''|| Neeraja's mother ||
|-
| ''[[Voice of Sathyanathan]]'' || Thresyakkutty ||
|-
| ''[[Vaathil]]''|| ||
|-
| ''Rahel Makan Kora''|| Rahel ||
|-
| ''[[Sesham Mikeil Fathima]]'' || Beena ||
|-
| ''[[Maharani (2023 film)|Maharani]]''|| Radhamani ||
|-
| rowspan=9 | 2024 ||''[[Vivekanandan Viralanu]]''||[[Civil Police Officer|CPO]] Mercy Mathew ||
|-
| ''[[Thundu]]''|| Principal Dayana Jacob ||
|-
| ''[[Idiyan Chandhu]]'' || Manju ||
|-
|''Memory Plus'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Nadikar]]''|| Bala's mother ||<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nair |first=Aishwarya |date=2024-05-03 |title=Nadikar Review: Check out first responses of Tovino Thomas, Soubin Shahir's comedy thriller drama|url=https://newsable.asianetnews.com/entertainment/nadikar-review-check-out-first-responses-of-tovino-thomas-soubin-shahir-s-comedy-thriller-drama-anr-scwemr |access-date=2025-08-20 |website=Asianet News|language=en}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Vaazha – Biopic of a Billion Boys]]'' || Vishnu's mother ||
|-
| ''[[Gumasthan]]''|| Leela ||
|-
| ''Norris Oshana''|| John's mother ||
|-
| ''[[Oru Anweshanathinte Thudakkam]]''|| [[Judge]] ||
|-
| rowspan=3 | 2025 || ''[[Sumathi Valavu]]'' || Shobha ||<ref>{{Cite web |author=CE Features |date=2025-07-16 |title=Sumathi Valavu confirms new release date |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2025/Jul/16/sumathi-valavu-confirms-new-release-date |access-date=2025-07-24 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| ''Padakkuthira'' || ||<ref>{{Cite web |last=Features |first=C. E. |date=2024-08-18 |title=Aju Varghese-starrer Padakkuthira launched |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2024/Aug/18/aju-varghese-starrer-padakkuthira-launched |access-date=2026-01-04 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| ''Pongala'' || ||<ref>{{Cite web |author=Cinema Express Desk |date=2025-09-20 |title=Sreenath Bhasi's Pongala gets a release date |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2025/Sep/20/sreenath-bhasis-pongala-gets-a-release-date |access-date=2025-09-21 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb name|id=10358445}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sijo, Sminu}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Actresses in Malayalam cinema]]
[[Category:Indian film actresses]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]
[[Category:Actresses in Malayalam television]]
[[Category:Indian television actresses]]
[[Category:1979 births]]

Biswanath district

2026-03-14T04:13:08Z

Frederickdube: cleanup intro further and fixed typos

{{Short description|District of Assam, India}}

{{Infobox settlement
| name = Biswanath district
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| settlement_type = [[List of districts of Assam|District]] of [[Assam]]
| image_skyline = বাসুদেৱ দৌল.jpg
| image_alt =
| image_caption = Vasudeva Doul
| coordinates = {{coords|display=it}}
| mapframe = yes
| mapframe-zoom = 8
| map_alt =
| map_caption = Location in Assam
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Assam]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[Divisions of Assam|Division]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[North Assam Division|North Assam]]
| established_title1 = Incorporated (District)
| established_date1 = 15 August 2015
| founder =
| seat_type = Headquarter
| seat = [[Biswanath Chariali]]
| government_footnotes =
| leader_party =
| leader_title = [[Lok Sabha|Lok Sabha constituencies]]
| leader_name = [[Sonitpur Lok Sabha constituency|Sonitpur]]
| leader_title1 = [[Vidhan Sabha|Vidhan Sabha constituencies]]
| leader_name1 = [[Biswanath (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Biswanath]], [[Behali (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Behali]], [[Gohpur (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Gohpur]]
| leader_title2 =
| leader_name2 =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_total_km2 = 1415
| area_rank =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 48-849
| elevation_ft = 157-2787
| population_total = 612,491
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_footnotes =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_rank =
| population_demonym =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code = 784 XXX
| registration_plate = AS-32
| website = https://biswanath.assam.gov.in
| footnotes =
| demographics1_info1 = [[Assamese language|Assamese]]
}}

'''Biswanath district''' (IPA: ˌbɪswəˈnɑːθ ˈtʃɑːrɪˌælɪ) is an administrative [[districts of Assam|district]] in the state of [[Assam]] in [[India]]. It is one of the newly created districts in 2015, declared by Assam Chief Minister [[Tarun Gogoi]] on 15 August 2015.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-cm-tarun-gogoi-announces-5-new-districts-in-assam-on-independence-day-2114724|title=CM Tarun Gogoi announces 5 new districts in Assam on Independence Day|access-date=2016-01-27|archive-date=2016-03-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303221239/http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-cm-tarun-gogoi-announces-5-new-districts-in-assam-on-independence-day-2114724|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url = http://zeenews.india.com/news/assam/assam-gets-five-more-districts_1647470.html|title = Assam gets five more districts|date = 15 August 2015|access-date = 27 January 2016|archive-date = 25 April 2019|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190425061706/https://zeenews.india.com/news/assam/assam-gets-five-more-districts_1647470.html|url-status = live}}</ref>

The district is created amalgamating [[Gohpur]] and most part of Biswanath Sub division on earlier [[Sonitpur district]]. The district is bounded by [[Arunachal Pradesh]] on north, [[Golaghat district|Golaghat]], [[Brahmaputra River]] on the south, [[Lakhimpur district]] on the east and [[Sonitpur district]] on the west. The administrative headquarter is located at [[Biswanath Chariali]].

On 31 December 2022, the district remerged with existing Sonitpur district ahead of delimitation process by [[Election Commission of India|ECI]] in the state.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tribune |first=The Assam |date=2022-12-31 |title=Assam: Four districts to re-merge with existing districts |url=https://assamtribune.com/assam/assam-four-districts-to-re-merge-with-existing-districts-1455186 |access-date=2023-01-03 |website=assamtribune.com |language=en |archive-date=2023-01-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230103153104/https://assamtribune.com/assam/assam-four-districts-to-re-merge-with-existing-districts-1455186 |url-status=live }}</ref>

However, on August 25, 2023, the Assam cabinet announced the restoration of Biswanath's district status.<ref>{{Cite news |date=25 August 2023 |title=Assam Cabinet decides to 'create' 4 districts |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/assam-cabinet-decides-to-create-4-districts/article67235407.ece |access-date=26 August 2023 |archive-date=26 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230826015150/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/assam-cabinet-decides-to-create-4-districts/article67235407.ece |url-status=live }}</ref>

==History==
[[File:Mong Mao-the detail map.svg|thumb|left|Biswanath district was under the [[Möng Mao]] ruler [[Si Kefa]] (yellow) in 1360 CE]]
The major part of Biswanath district formed a part of the [[Chutiya kingdom]] until it was annexed in the 16th century by the Ahoms. The western part of the district was under the rule of independent Bhuyan chieftains. The border between the Chutia kingdom and Bhuyan principalities were marked by the Dikarai <ref>{{harvcol|Baruah|1986|p=193}}</ref> and the Ghiladhari rivers.<ref>{{harvcol|Neog|1980|p=66}}</ref> The Chutia kings built many forts in the region which included the Buroi fort (near [[Daphla Hills|Nyishi hills]])<ref>Basu, Nagendra Nath. ''Thee Social History of Kamrupa'',1988, p. 271.</ref> and the Pratapgarh fort built by king Pratap Narayan.<ref>Bilgrami, Syaed Ali. ''Journal Of The Asiatic Society Of Bengal'',1904, p. 258.</ref><ref>The stone inscription found in Umatamani, Biswanath states that a king named Lakshminah was crowned as the Lord of Pratapapura (''Pratapapura-adhikari Dalapati Shri Lakshminah''). This was none other than the Chutia king Lakshminarayan</ref> The [[Ita Fort]] lies to the north of Biswanath Chariali

==Administration==
; Headquarter : [[Biswanath Chariali]]
; Name of Sub-Divisions : [[Biswanath Chariali]], [[Gohpur]]
; Name of Revenue Circles/ Tehsils : [[Biswanath Chariali]], [[Gohpur]], [[Helem]]
; Name of Development(C.D.) Blocks :
* Pub-Chaiduar Development Block
* Chaiduar Development Block
* Behali Development Block
* Baghmora Development Block
* Biswanath Development Block
* Sakomotha development Block
* Sotea Development Block
; Name of Police Stations :
* Gohpur Police Station
* Helem Police Station
* Behali Police Station
* Ginjia Police Station
* Biswanath Chariali Police Station
* Sootea Police Station
* Hawajan Police Outpost
* Borgang Police Outpost
; Number of Villages : 832
; Names of Towns : Biswanath Chariali, Gohpur
; Name of Town Committees : Biswanath Chariali, Gohpur

== Demographics ==
According to the 2011 census, Biswanath district has a population of 612,491, of which 31,368 (5.12%) live in urban areas. Biswanath had a sex ratio of 968 females per 1000 males. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes make up 43,763 (7.15%) and 93,174 (15.21%) of the population respectively.<ref name="districtcensus">{{Cite web |date=2011 |title=District Census Handbook: Sonitpur |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/242/download/618/DH_2011_1807_PART_A_DCHB_SONITPUR.pdf |website=censusindia.gov.in |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]] |access-date=2023-03-27 |archive-date=2024-08-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240820143937/https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/242/download/618/DH_2011_1807_PART_A_DCHB_SONITPUR.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>

{{bar box
|title=Religions in Biswanath district (2011)<ref name="Religion"/>
|titlebar=#Fcd116
|left1=Religion
|right1=Percent
|float=left
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Hinduism in Assam|Hinduism]]|darkorange|83.96}}
{{bar percent|[[Islam in Assam|Islam]]|green|8.52}}
{{bar percent|[[Christianity in Assam|Christianity]]|dodgerblue|6.92}}
{{bar percent|Other or not stated|black|0.60}}
}}

As of the 2011 census, Hindus made up 514,259 (83.96%), while Muslims made up 52,155 (8.52%) and Christians (6.92%) of the population respectively.<ref name="Religion">{{cite web |date=2011 |title=Table C-01 Population By Religion: Assam |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11365/download/14478/DDW18C-01%20MDDS.XLS |website=census.gov.in |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]] |access-date=2023-03-27 |archive-date=2023-03-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230327151548/https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11365/download/14478/DDW18C-01%20MDDS.XLS |url-status=live }}</ref>

{{Pie chart
|caption = Languages of Biswanath district (2011)<ref name="languages"/>
|label1 = [[Assamese language|Assamese]] |value1 = 34.06 |color1 = purple
|label2 = [[Sadri language|Sadri]] |value2 = 13.56 |color2 = burlywood
|label3 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]] |value3 = 8.58 |color3 = orchid
|label4 = [[Nepali language|Nepali]] |value4 = 7.93 |color4 = lightcoral
|label5 = [[Boro language (India)|Boro]] |value5 = 7.23 |color5 = royalblue
|label6 = [[Mising language|Mising]] |value6 = 7.09 |color6 = lightskyblue
|label7 = [[Odia language|Odia]] |value7 = 6.76 |color7 = saddlebrown
|label8 = [[Mundari language|Mundari]] |value8 = 3.41 |color8 = teal
|label9 = [[Karbi language|Karbi]] |value9 = 2.56 |color9 = darkblue
|label10 = [[Hindi]] |value10 = 1.84 |color10 = orange
|label11 = Others |value11 = 6.98 |color11 = grey
}}
At the time of the 2011 census, 34.06% of the population speaks [[Assamese language|Assamese]], 13.56% [[Sadri language|Sadri]], 8.58% [[Bengali language|Bengali]], 7.93% [[Nepali language|Nepali]], 7.23% [[Boro language (India)|Boro]], 7.09% [[Mising language|Mising]], 6.76% [[Odia language|Odia]], 3.41% [[Mundari language|Mundari]], 2.56% [[Karbi language|Karbi]] and 1.84% [[Hindi]] as their first language.<ref name="languages">{{cite web |date=2011 |title=Table C-16 Population By Mother Tongue: Assam |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/10195/download/13307/DDW-C16-STMT-MDDS-1800.XLSX |website=censusindia.gov.in |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]] |access-date=2023-03-27 |archive-date=2022-08-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220809135120/https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/10195/download/13307/DDW-C16-STMT-MDDS-1800.XLSX |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Railway Station==
# Dubia
# Gohpur
# Brahmajan
# Helem
# Niz Borgang
# Monabari
# [[Viswanath Charali railway station|Viswanath Chariali]]
# Niz Sotea

== See also ==
* [[List of districts of Assam]]
* [[Maral gaon]]
* [[Gelapukhuri]]

==Notes==
{{Reflist}}
==References==
* {{Citation |last=Baruah |first=S L |title=A Comprehensive History of Assam |publisher=Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers Pvt. Ltd.|place=New Delhi |year=1986}}
* {{cite book |surname=Neog |given=Maheswar |author-link=Maheshwar Neog |title=Early History of the Vaiṣṇava Faith and Movement in Assam: Śaṅkaradeva and His Times |year=1980 |url={{Google books|DcReZM-rI0MC|page=|keywords=|text=|plainurl=yes}} |publisher=[[Motilal Banarsidass]] |place=Delhi}}

==External links==
* [https://biswanath.gov.in/ Bishwanath District Official Website]

[[Category:Biswanath district| ]]
[[Category:Districts of Assam]]
[[Category:2015 establishments in Assam]]

Keradi

2026-03-05T11:21:54Z

Frederickdube: New a entry

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Keradi
| native_name = 
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Karnataka
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Karnataka, India
| coordinates = {{coord|13.747276955492596|N|74.83960195397572|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Karnataka]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Udupi]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| parts_type = [[Taluk]]
| parts =
| government_type =
| governing_body = [[Gram panchayat]]
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 2574
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Kannada]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code = 576233
| registration_plate = KA
| website = {{URL|karnataka.gov.in}}
| iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:IN|IN-KA]]
| footnotes =
}}

''' Keradi ''' is a village in [[Kundapur Taluk]] of [[Udupi district]] in the southern state of [[Karnataka]], India.<ref name="censusindia">{{cite web|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/census.website/data/population-finder|title=Population Finder 2011|publisher=Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India|accessdate=2022-10-19}}</ref> The village falls in an [[Eco-Sensitive Zone]] close to the [[Mookambika Wildlife Sanctuary]].<ref name="GoK">{{Cite web|author=|url=https://aranya.gov.in/downloads/Kollur_MgmtPlan.pdf|title=Forest Management Plan|publisher=Government of Karnataka}}</ref>

==Demographics==
As of the [[2011 Census of India]], Keradi had 512 [[household]]s and a population of 2574 with 1244 males and 1330 females. Of the population, 1670 people were literate.<ref name="censusindia" />

==Makkala Panchayat==
A unique initiative was taken up by the children of the village aged between 6 and 18, to address the issue of [[alcoholism]], which was widespread among the men of the village. They formed a ''Makkala Panchayat'' (children's local council), which worked with the [[Gram panchayat]] (village council) and institutionalised the role of children in local decision-making. The Makkala Panchayat successfully reduced alcoholism through education, empowerment and tactful political manoeuvring. The children collected empty sachets of [[arrack]] from near the arrack shops and calculated that as much as Rs 1.2 million per year was being spent on it by the villages. They presented their findings to the [[Panchayat samiti|Taluk Panchayat]] and the villagers. Seeing the huge financial cost, there was a unanimous call to take action, after which the unlicensed vendors were shut down. The children involved in the initiative have gone ahead to contribute towards tackling other [[social issue]]s related to [[child marriage]], [[child labour]], migrant families, [[female feticide]], and [[HIV/AIDS]].<ref name="Makkala Panchayats">{{cite journal |last1= Pal|first1= Anirban|year= 2008| title= Makkala Panchayats: Institutionalization of Children's Participation in Local Decision-Making| url= https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.7721/chilyoutenvi.18.2.0197 |publisher= University of Cincinnati |page= 197-205|doi= 10.7721/chilyoutenvi.18.2.0197|doi-broken-date= 12 July 2025| jstor= 10.7721|access-date= 19 October 2022}}</ref>

The Panchayati Raj ministry of the [[Government of Karnataka]] has acknowledged and institutionalised this effort and made it a requirement for all panchayats in the state to offer a venue for children to voice their concerns to elected officials.<ref name="Makkala Panchayats"/>

==In popular culture==
The [[Kannada cinema|Kannada language film]] ''[[Kantara (film)|Kantara]]'' is set in Keradi and was also filmed there. The prequel film [[Kantara: Chapter 1]] is also filmed there.<ref name="NIE">{{cite news |last= Sharadha|first= A|date=27 September 2022|title=The pillars of 'Kantara'|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2022/sep/27/the-pillars-of-kantara-2502158.html|newspaper=New Indian Express| access-date= 19 October 2022}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Udupi]]
* [[Districts of Karnataka]]
* [[Kundapura]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{URL|http://udupi.nic.in/}}

{{Settlements in Udupi district}}

[[Category:Villages in Udupi district]]

{{Udupi-geo-stub}}

Nehlle Pe Dehlla

2026-03-03T11:59:06Z

Frederickdube: adjusted intro for accuracy and cleaned formatting

{{Short description|2007 Indian film by Ajay Chandok}}
{{about|the 2007 social comedy film|the 1976 film|Nehle Pe Dehla}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Nehlle Pe Dehlla
| image = Nehlle_Pe_Dehlla_poster.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = Ajay Chandhok
| producer = Mahendra Dhariwal
| writer = Yunus Sajawal Ajay Chandhok [[Rumi Jaffery]] (dialogues)
| starring = [[Saif Ali Khan]] [[Sanjay Dutt]] [[Bipasha Basu]] [[Kim Sharma]]
| music = [[Anand Raj Anand]] [[Pritam]] [[Daboo Malik]] Nitin Shankar
| cinematography = Najeeb Khan
| editing = Nitin Rokade
| studio = Mahindra Dhariwal Films
| released = {{Film date|df=y|2007|03|02}}
| runtime = 124 minutes
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| gross = ₹6.41 crore<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=353 | title=Nehlle Pe Dehlla - Movie - Box Office India }}</ref>
}}
'''''Nehlle Pe Dehlla''''' ({{translation|'''''Tit for tat'''''}}) is a 2007 Indian [[Hindi]]-language [[action comedy film]] directed by Ajay Chandok. The film stars [[Saif Ali Khan]], [[Sanjay Dutt]], [[Bipasha Basu]] and [[Kim Sharma]]. The film was completed in 2002 but was released in 2007.

==Plot==
Jimmy and Johnny are small-time crooks who dream of becoming rich. They are in jail, where they regularly end up for their misdeeds. A hotel manager, Ballu, embezzles his company's 300,000,000 rupees. Johny and Jimmy come to know about it and plan to blackmail him. They join the hotel as waiters and are waiting for the perfect opportunity. But a terrible mobster trio led by dilher and his brothers hansa and jazzy kills Ballu. When Johny and Jimmy find Ballu dead, they take his body and present him as alive. They keep doing it until they find the real culprit. Johnny meets Ballu's niece, Puja, and Jimmy meets her friend,kim. They all fall in love, and once they find the real culprit, a corpse, and a map to direct the money, they all go on a chase to find the money, with dither,hansa and jazzy after them also heading for the money. They arrive, only to find the mobsters have already been there and taken the money. They reach the mobsters' hideouts and take the money. The three then come to meet Jimmy and Johny, and since they do not give them the money, the three kidnap Puja and jimmy. Kim and Johnny go to rescue her by giving the money to the mobsters. There is a brawl, and, eventually, the police enter. The trio are arrested, Johny and Puja marry, as are Jimmy and Puja's friends, and live a happy and clean life with her uncle's money.

==Cast==
* [[Saif Ali Khan]] as Jimmy
* [[Sanjay Dutt]] as Johnny
* [[Bipasha Basu]] as Pooja Sahni
* [[Kim Sharma]] as Kim (Pooja's friend)
* [[Shakti Kapoor]] as Balram Sahni (Balu)
* [[Mukesh Rishi]] as Dilher
* Daman Maan as Inspector
* [[Avtar Gill]] as Ram Prasad Gupta
* [[Shiva Rindani]] as Jazzy
* [[Aasif Sheikh]] as Hansa
* [[Supriya Karnik]] as Matha Ji
* [[Neha Dhupia]] as item dancer in the song <nowiki>''Parvar Digara''</nowiki> (special appearance)
* [[Shwetha Menon]] as item dancer in the song <nowiki>''Imaan Dol Jaayenge''</nowiki> (special appearance)
* [[Ganesh Acharya]] as himself in the song <nowiki>''Imaan Dol Jaayenge''</nowiki> (special appearance)

==Soundtrack==
{| class="wikitable"
!Title
!Singer(s)
!Music
!Lyrics
|-
|"Nehle Pe Dehlla"
|[[Shaan (singer)|Shaan]]
|Nitin Shankar
|Paanchi Jalonvi
|-
|"Husn Husn"
|[[Sonu Nigam]], [[Jaspinder Narula]]
|Anand Raj Anand
|Dev Kohli
|-
|"Parvar Digara"
|[[KK (singer)|KK]], [[Tulsi Kumar]]
|Pritam
|Paanchi Jalonvi
|-
|"Bottle Mein Main"
|[[Vinod Rathod]], [[Abhijeet Bhattacharya]], [[Sunidhi Chauhan]]
|Daboo Malik
|Salim Bijnori
|-
|"Imaan Dol Jaayenge"
|Sunidhi Chauhan, Vinod Rathod
|Anand Raj Anand
|Dev Kohli
|-
|"Neeli Neeli Aankhon Wali"
|[[Mika Singh]], Tarannum Malik
|Anand Raj Anand
|[[Dev Kohli]]
|-
|"Hoga Hoga Khuda Gawah"
|[[Zubeen Garg]]
|DJ Suketu, Aks
|[[Sameer Anjaan|Sameer]]
|}
{{Infobox album
| name = Nehlle Pe Dehlla
| type = [[Soundtrack album]]
| artist = [[Anand Raaj Anand]] [[Daboo Malik]] [[Pritam Chakraborty]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 3 January 2007
| recorded =
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Film soundtrack|Feature film soundtrack]]
| length =
| label = [[T-Series (company)|T-Series]]
| producer =
| prev_title =
| prev_year =
| next_title =
| next_year =
}}
==Reception==
The [[BBC]] wrote a scathing review of the film, describing it as a "farce from beginning to end".<ref>{{cite news |last1=Pandohar |first1=Jaspreet |title=Nehlle Pe Dehlla (Tit for Tat) |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/films/2007/02/26/nehlle_pe_dehlla_2007_review.shtml |access-date=23 January 2022 |work=[[BBC]] |date=2 February 2007}}</ref> [[Taran Adarsh]] called it a "poor show all the way".<ref>{{cite web|author=Adarsh, Taran|date=2 March 2007|url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/review/7311/index.html|title=Nehlle Pe Dehlla: Movie Review|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090926050927/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/review/7311/index.html|archive-date=26 September 2009|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|access-date=23 January 2022}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==

* {{IMDb title|id=0476819}}

[[Category:2007 films]]
[[Category:2007 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:2007 action comedy films]]
[[Category:2000s comedy thriller films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Anand Raj Anand]]
[[Category:Indian action thriller films]]
[[Category:Films shot in Mauritius]]
[[Category:2007 action thriller films]]
[[Category:Indian comedy thriller films]]
[[Category:Indian crime comedy films]]
[[Category:2007 crime comedy films]]

{{2000s-Hindi-film-stub}}

Ayya (2005 Tamil film)

2026-03-03T04:27:26Z

Frederickdube: Updated and refined page content

{{about||the Kannada film|Ayya (2005 Kannada film)}}
{{Short description|Tamil film directed by Hari}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2024}}
{{Infobox film
| image = Ayya (2005 Tamil film).jpg
| caption = Poster
| director = [[Hari (director)|Hari]]
| writer = Hari
| starring = [[R. Sarathkumar]] [[Napoleon (actor)|Napoleon]] [[Nayanthara]]
| producer = [[K. Balachander]] '''(Presenter)''' [[Kavithalaya Productions|Pushpa Kandasamy]]
| studio = [[Kavithalayaa Productions]]
| music = [[Bharadwaj (composer)|Bharadwaj]]
| cinematography = [[Priyan]]
| editing = [[V. T. Vijayan]]
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2005|01|14}}
| runtime = 159 minutes
| country = India
| language = Tamil
| budget = 
| gross = 
}}

'''''Ayya''''' ({{translation|Sir}}) is a 2005 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[action drama film]] written and directed by [[Hari (director)|Hari]], and produced by [[Kavithalayaa Productions]]. The film stars [[R. Sarathkumar]] in a dual role with [[Napoleon (actor)|Napoleon]] and [[Nayanthara]] in the lead while [[Vadivelu]], [[Prakash Raj]], [[Lakshmi]], [[Rohini (actress)|Rohini]], and [[Charle]] play supporting roles. The music was composed by [[Bharadwaj (composer)|Bharadwaj]] with editing by [[V. T. Vijayan]] and cinematography by [[Priyan]]. ''Ayya'' released on 14 January 2005 coinciding [[Pongal (festival)|Pongal]] and became a commercial success.

==Plot==
The movie starts during the times of the [[Indo-Pakistani war of 1971]], where there is a heavy drought in the southern districts of [[Tamil Nadu]]. Ayyadurai and Madasamy are close friends and landlords of different castes presumably from the [[Mukkulathor]] and [[Nadar (caste)|Nadar]] communities respectively in [[Tenkasi|Tenkasi town]] in [[Tirunelveli district]], and they try hard to help people and save them from dying during the drought.

The [[Tenkasi Assembly constituency|Tenkasi MLA]] Shanmugapandi, also a relative of Madasamy, smuggles rice given by the [[Government of Tamil Nadu]], and people protest upon knowing this. Shanmugapandi denies knowing anything about the sanctioned rice. That night, he starts to smuggle the rice via [[Papanasam Dam|Karaiyar]] instead of the usual route via [[Sengottai]], but the lorries are waylaid and ransacked by the people led by Madasamy. Shanmugapandi comes there and starts shooting towards people. Ayyadurai sees Shanmugapandi aiming for Madasamy and pushes him. Then, Ayyadurai beats Shanmugapandi using the hilt of the gun, following which the latter dies. The local people support Ayyadurai, save him from police, and also urge him to contest in the [[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly]] [[by-election]]s.

The film comes to the present, where Ayyadurai has been the unopposed MLA of Tenkasi for more than 35 years. He returns from [[Chennai]] after resigning his post because the state department did not sanction his request to renovate the lakes in his constituency. He is welcomed by the people along with his son Chelladurai and friend Madasamy in [[Tenkasi Junction railway station]]. Chelladurai, a civil engineer, runs their business and helps his father for the people's welfare. Selvi is Madasamy's teenage daughter who deliberately fails her 12th standard exam as she loves Chelladurai and wants to marry him.

Meanwhile, Karuppusamy is the son of Shanmugapandi and wants to take revenge by either defeating or killing Ayyadurai. He has contested thrice against Ayyadurai in the past decade, with no avail. He has also made around 20 attempts on Ayyadurai's life without any success. Meanwhile, Selvi proposes her love to Chelladurai, but he does not accept, saying that it might result in clashes between their families as they both belong to different castes. Also, there comes a flashback where it is shown that a few years back, Chelladurai's arranged marriage got cancelled the night before the wedding as the bride Thulasi had eloped with her lover, which makes Chelladurai feel embarrassed. Because of this, he prefers to stay unmarried.

Selvi, after failing her exams, informs about her love to both families, and after much deliberation due to varying castes, they decide to get them married. Now, Karuppusamy (being a second cousin of Madasamy) plays tricks to separate both Ayyadurai and Madasamy. He sends police on the day of the marriage, saying that Selvi is still a minor and that it is illegal to get her married before 18 years of age. Ayyadurai accepts this and informs Madasamy to postpone the wedding. This angers Madasamy, who believes that the police were sent only by Ayyadurai to cancel the marriage as both of them belonged to different castes. The policeman also confirms Madasamy's suspicion, and the four-generation friendship is broken off . Karuppusamy uses this opportunity to get close to Madasamy and makes him the witness for Shanmugapandi's murder by Ayyadurai. The police arrests Ayyadurai.

The general election dates are announced in the state. The ruling party again gives a chance for Karuppusamy to contest, giving him an ultimatum to win. Ayyadurai cannot contest due to the murder case, and hence, he nominates an unwilling Chelladurai in his stead. Karuppusamy, in order to get both caste votes and win the election, plans to murder Madasamy and blame Chelladurai. However, before this, Chelladurai saves Madasamy, though he later gives his signed withdrawal form to Karuppusamy and says that he let him become the unopposed MLA as he is also a good-natured man, and his anger is only on Ayyadurai and not on the people of the town. Karuppusamy realises his mistake and apologises to Ayyadurai and Chelladurai for all his criminal activities. However, Ayyadurai prefers to stay in prison as he still feels guilty for murdering Shanmugapandi years ago. Karuppusamy becomes the MLA, and Chelladurai and Selvi marry to unify the families.

==Cast==
{{cast listing|
* [[R. Sarathkumar]] as Ayyadurai and Chelladurai ( dual role)
* [[Napoleon (actor)|Napoleon]] as Madasamy
* [[Nayanthara]] as Selvi (Voice dubbed by Mahalakshmi Kannan)
* [[Prakash Raj]] as Karuppusamy
* [[Vadivelu]] as Karasingam A.C.
* [[Lakshmi (actress)|Lakshmi]] as Kalyani
* [[Rohini (actress)|Rohini]] as Meenatchi
* [[Charle]] as Muthuvel
* [[Malavika (Tamil actress)|Malavika]] as Thulasi
* [[O. A. K. Sundar]] as MLA Shanmugapandi
* [[Sindhu (actress)|Sindhu]] as Kasthuri
* [[Madhan Bob]] as Kesavan
* [[G. Srinivasan (actor)|G. Srinivasan]] as Rangasamy
* [[Nizhalgal Ravi]] as Ramadurai
* [[Raj Kapoor (Tamil film director)|Raj Kapoor]] as Inspector Sivaraman
* [[Gandhimathi]] as Kamatchi
* [[Kavithalaya Krishnan]] as Manikkam
* [[Periyar Dasan]] as Lingam
* John Amirtharaj as Thangavelu
* [[Bava Lakshmanan]] as Murugan
* [[Crane Manohar]] as Senthil
* [[Bonda Mani]] as Mani
* [[Halwa Vasu]] as Sevalai
* [[Benjamin (actor)|Benjamin]] as Sudalai
* [[Thennavan (actor)|Thennavan]] as Kathavarayan
* [[Siva Narayana Murthy]]
* [[Bayilvan Ranganathan]]
}}

==Production==
The film's subject was first narrated to [[Rajinikanth]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rasika |date=30 June 2004 |title=Rajini's loss? |url=http://www.chennaionline.com/reeltalk/06reel13.asp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040711064436/http://www.chennaionline.com/reeltalk/06reel13.asp |archive-date=11 July 2004 |access-date=11 July 2024 |website=Chennai Online}}</ref> However [[R. Sarathkumar]] clarified that the film was first offered to him which he was not able to do due to busy schedule, then it was narrated to Rajinikanth which did not work out then later it again came back to him.<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 December 2004 |title=Ayya Speaks |url=http://www.chennaionline.com/film/Reeltalk/12reel38.asp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051204104248/http://www.chennaionline.com/film/Reeltalk/12reel38.asp |archive-date=4 December 2005 |access-date=17 July 2024 |website=Chennai Online}}</ref> [[Navya Nair]] was initially cast in the film,<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 July 2004 |title=Gossip |url=http://www.dinakaran.com/cinema/english/gossip/2004/july/10-07-2004.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050928102050/http://www.dinakaran.com/cinema/english/gossip/2004/july/10-07-2004.htm |archive-date=28 September 2005 |access-date=22 November 2020 |website=[[Dinakaran]]}}</ref> before being replaced by [[Nayanthara]], marking her Tamil film debut.<ref>{{Cite news |date=27 April 2021 |title=Nayanthara's debut should have been Simbu's Thotti Jaya |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/nayantharas-debut-should-have-been-simbus-thotti-jaya/articleshow/82271601.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210429022620/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/nayantharas-debut-should-have-been-simbus-thotti-jaya/articleshow/82271601.cms |archive-date=29 April 2021 |access-date=17 July 2024 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> The filming was held at [[Tirunelveli]], [[Tenkasi]], [[Courtallam]], [[Tuticorin|Thoothukudi]] and [[Tiruchendur]] and at [[Karnataka]]. A fight sequence where some men block the title character's car and fight following it was shot at Kallidaikurichi, near Tirunelveli.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mannath |first=Malini |date=9 December 2004 |title=Aiyya |url=http://www.chennaionline.com/film/Onlocation/11aiyya.asp |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061015212808/http://www.chennaionline.com/film/Onlocation/11aiyya.asp |archive-date=15 October 2006 |access-date=11 July 2024 |website=Chennai Online}}</ref>

==Soundtrack==

The songs and background score were composed by [[Bharadwaj (composer)|Bharadwaj]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ayyaa Tamil Audio Cd By Bharadwaj |url=https://banumass.com/product/tamil-audio-cds/tamil-audio-cd-tamil-audio-cd/ayyaa-tamil-audio-cd-by-bharadwaj/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250328141131/https://banumass.com/product/tamil-audio-cds/tamil-audio-cd-tamil-audio-cd/ayyaa-tamil-audio-cd-by-bharadwaj/ |archive-date=28 March 2025 |access-date=28 March 2025 |website=Banumass |language=en}}</ref>

{{track listing
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length =
| title1 = Aththiri Baththiri
| extra1 = [[Janani Bharadwaj]]
| length1 =
| title2 = Ayyathorai
| extra2 = P.Balaram, Ragavendar
| length2 =
| lyrics2 = Na. Muthukumar
| title3 = Oru Vaartha Kekka
| extra3 = [[KK (singer)|KK]], [[Sadhana Sargam]]
| length3 =
| lyrics3 = Pa. Vijay
| title4 = Suththipoda Venaama
| extra4 = [[Tippu (singer)|Tippu]], [[Srimathumitha]]
| length4 =
| lyrics4 = Pa. Vijay
| title5 = Thamirabarani Raani
| extra5 = [[KK (singer)|KK]], [[Shreya Ghoshal]]
| length5 =
| lyrics5 = Pa. Vijay
| title6 = Thenam Ayyaanu
| extra6 = VNB
| length6 =
| lyrics6 = Na. Muthukumar
| title7 = Ayyaathorai
| extra7 = [[Bharadwaj (composer)|Bharadwaj]]
| note7 = bit
| length7 =
| lyrics7 = Na. Muthukumar
}}

==Release==
''Ayyaa'' was released on 14 January 2005 on Pongal festival alongside films like ''[[Thirupaachi]]'', ''[[Aayudham (2005 film)|Aayudham]]'' and ''[[Devathaiyai Kanden]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Warrier |first=Shobha |author-link=Shobha Warrier |date=14 January 2005 |title=Pongal Releases, 2005 |url=https://specials.rediff.com/movies/2005/jan/14south3.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230414103621/http://specials.rediff.com/movies/2005/jan/14south3.htm |archive-date=14 April 2023 |access-date=14 July 2024 |website=[[Rediff.com]]}}</ref> The film's theatrical and satellite rights were sold to Ravichandran's Oscar Films for {{INR}}7.25 crore at a table profit of {{INR}}2.25 crore.<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 December 2004 |title=Oscar buys 'Ayya' rights! |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/oscar-buys-ayya-rights-news-tamil-kkfvAXahjidsi.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180517223856/http://www.sify.com/movies/oscar-buys-ayya-rights-news-tamil-kkfvAXahjidsi.html |archive-date=17 May 2018 |access-date=17 May 2018 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref>

== Critical reception ==
Malini Mannath of ''Chennai Online'' wrote "'Ayya' is an emotion-packed family drama worth watching."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mannath |first=Malini |date=24 January 2005 |title=Ayya |url=http://www.chennaionline.com/film/Moviereviews/01ayya.asp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061014120347/http://www.chennaionline.com/film/Moviereviews/01ayya.asp |archive-date=14 October 2006 |access-date=19 April 2022 |website=Chennai Online}}</ref> Visual Dasan of ''[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]]'' wrote even within the commercial formula, Ayya makes the mind heavy with high ambitions.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=தாசன் |first=விஷுவல் |date=30 January 2005 |title=ஐயா |url=https://archive.org/details/kalki2005-01-30/page/24/mode/2up |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240404043903/https://archive.org/details/kalki2005-01-30/page/24/mode/2up |archive-date=4 April 2024 |access-date=12 February 2023 |magazine=[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]] |page=25 |language=Ta |via=[[Internet Archive]]}}</ref> ''Cinesouth'' wrote "After the debacle of his previous films, ''Kovil'' and ''Arul'' had made the director Hari to stand tall with pride. There are directors who would make a good screenplay out of good story and make successful movie, and there are directors who would make good screenplay from not so good story and yet make successful movies. But the director Hari had taken up a good story and also made effective screenplay out of it. He should be appreciated very much for this".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ayya |url=http://www.cinesouth.com/scopes/reviews/new/ayya.shtml |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050207144155/http://www.cinesouth.com/scopes/reviews/new/ayya.shtml |archive-date=7 February 2005 |access-date=14 July 2024 |website=Cinesouth}}</ref>

''[[Sify]]'' wrote "Though Hari tends to be preachy at times, he has packaged the film with essential commercial ingredients like Vadivel’s comedy track where the plight of a running a C-class theatre owner is brought out effectively. Added to that, the romantic bits between a minor girl and a man in his early 30’s are brought out well. Another highlight is the bonding between the father and son is told in a subtle manner".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ayyaa |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/ayyaa-review-tamil-13649125.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130621064834/http://www.sify.com/movies/ayyaa-review-tamil-13649125.html |archive-date=21 June 2013 |access-date=16 August 2024 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref> G. Ulaganathan of ''[[Deccan Herald]]'' wrote, "Director Hari is one of the young directors of Tamil cinema with great promise and in this film, he avoids unnecessary songs, vulgarity and dramatics. Instead, he concentrates on a neat screenplay and a script which extracts good performances from his artistes".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ulaganathan |first=G. |date=27 February 2005 |title=Ayyaa |url=http://www.deccanherald.com/deccanherald/feb272005/mr2.asp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050419234644/http://www.deccanherald.com/deccanherald/feb272005/mr2.asp |archive-date=19 April 2005 |access-date=28 March 2025 |website=[[Deccan Herald]]}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{IMDb title}}
*{{Rotten Tomatoes}}

{{Hari (director)}}
{{Kavithalaya Productions}}

[[Category:2005 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:2005 action drama films]]
[[Category:2005 films]]
[[Category:2005 Indian films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Hari (director)]]
[[Category:Films scored by Bharadwaj (composer)]]
[[Category:Films set in the 1970s]]
[[Category:Films shot in Tirunelveli]]
[[Category:Indian action drama films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language action drama films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]

Mudhal Mudhal Mudhal Varai

2026-03-03T04:25:08Z

Frederickdube: put up a stub.

{{short description|2008 film directed by Krishnan Seshadri Gomatam}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2020}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Mudhal Mudhal Mudhal Varai
| image = Mudhal Mudhal Mudhal Varai.jpg
| caption = Poster
| director = Krishnan Seshadri Gomatam
| writer = Krishnan Seshadri Gomatam
| starring = C. P. Satyajit [[Anuja Iyer]] [[Sricharan|Charan]] Vidya Easwaran Keevna [[Elango Kumaravel|Kumaravel]]
| music = Aslam Mustafa
| producer = Krishnan Seshadri Gomatam
| studio = Krena Cinema
| cinematography = [[Fowzia Fathima]]
| editing = [[B. Lenin]]
| released = {{Film date|2008|09|19|df=y}}
| runtime = 143 minutes
| country = India
| language = Tamil
| budget = 
}}

'''''Mudhal Mudhal Mudhal Varai''''' ({{Translation|From beginning to beginning}}) also known as '''''M3V''''', is a 2008 [[Tamil language]] film directed by debutant Krishnan Seshadri Gomatam, who previously worked as an assistant to [[Mani Rathnam]] and [[P. C. Sreeram]]. The film stars C. P. Satyajit, [[Anuja Iyer]], and [[Sricharan|Charan]]. This film features a hundred new faces for the first time in Tamil cinema.<ref name="Tamil">{{Cite book |title=PRIDE OF TAMIL CINEMA: 1931 TO 2013: Tamil Films that have earned National and International Recognition|last=Dhananjayan |first=G |publisher=Blue Ocean Publishers |year=2014 |isbn=978-0-670-08620-7 |pages=594 |author-link=G. Dhananjayan}}</ref>

== Cast ==
{{cast listing|
*C. P. Satyajit as Hayagreev "Haggy"<ref name="Tamil" />
*[[Anuja Iyer]] as Sindhu<ref name="Tamil" />
*[[Sricharan|Charan]] as Mahesh<ref name="Tamil" />
*Vidya Easwaran as Maya<ref name="Tamil" />
*Keevna as Tryaeshika<ref name="Tamil" />
*[[Elango Kumaravel|E. Kumaravel]] as Gopal<ref name="Tamil" />
*M. V. Sriram
*Murari
*Senthil as Selvam "Shakespeare"<ref name="Tamil" />
}}

==Production==
The film was made on a budget of ₹2.5 crore (worth ₹9.2 crore in 2021 prices) and featured over 100 new faces.

== Soundtrack ==
The songs were composed by Aslam Mustafa.
*"Soup Song"<ref>Archived at [https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211208/jyUt8wk90nQ Ghostarchive]{{cbignore}} and the [https://web.archive.org/web/20200807200032/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jyUt8wk90nQ Wayback Machine]{{cbignore}}: {{cite AV media| url = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jyUt8wk90nQ| title = 'Soup Song' from M3V (Mudhal Mudhal Mudhal Varai) by Krishnan Seshadri Gomatam | website=[[YouTube]]}}{{cbignore}}</ref>
*"Kondadum" - [[M. J. Shriram]]

== Critical reception ==
A critic from ''Behindwoods'' wrote "M3V is not something that one would expect to be accepted at all levels. In fact, one would give it chances only in multiplexes and even here only select audience with patience and observation might be able to fully appreciate it. Niche, is what we would like to call it. Congrats, director Krishna Shehsadri Komadam for being daringly different."<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movie-reviews/reviews-2/m3v-review.html|title=MUDHAL MUDHAL MUDHAL VARAI MOVIE REVIEW – Behindwoods.com M3V C P Satyajit Anuja Iyer Charan Keevna Kumaravel Vidya Easwaran Direction Krishnan Seshadri Gomatam Music Aslam Mustafa Banner Krsna cinema hot images tamil picture gallery images|website=www.behindwoods.com|access-date=10 September 2019|archive-date=7 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190607121733/http://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movie-reviews/reviews-2/m3v-review.html|url-status=live}}</ref> A critic from ''[[Rediff.com]]'' wrote "Commercial movie-lovers might not find this to their taste but if you're a lover of fairly realistic cinema, capturing the life of an urban metrosexual's life and times, then M3V is for you".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/2008/sep/19ssm.htm|title=Review: Mudhal Mudhal Mudhal Varai|website=www.rediff.com|access-date=10 September 2019|archive-date=12 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210212045119/https://www.rediff.com/movies/2008/sep/19ssm.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> A critic from ''Chennai Online'' wrote that "To sum up, M3V impresses in parts and fails to emerge as a wholesome movie".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://chennaionline.com/film/Moviereviews/Sept08/09article14.aspx |title=Film review: 'Mudhal Mudhal Mudhal Varai' (M3V) |website=chennaionline.com |access-date=30 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090531112815/http://chennaionline.com/film/Moviereviews/Sept08/09article14.aspx |archive-date=31 May 2009 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

== Awards and nominations ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Award
! Category
! Nominee
! Outcome
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | {{Tooltip|Ref.|References}}
|-
| rowspan="3"|2008
| New York International Independent Film and Video Festival
| Best Drama Feature in the Best Feature film – International
| Krishnan Seshadri Gomatam
| {{won}}
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.medianewsline.com/tamil-film-mudhal-mudhal-mudhal-varai-bags-new-york-festival-award/|title=Tamil Film Mudhal Mudhal Mudhal Varai bags New York Festival Award|first=Michael Kors Selma|last=Australia|date=24 April 2009|website=Media News|access-date=9 September 2019|archive-date=24 August 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140824200323/http://www.medianewsline.com/tamil-film-mudhal-mudhal-mudhal-varai-bags-new-york-festival-award/|url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="Book">{{Cite book| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rp1FQ7EcSCIC&q=Mudhal+Mudhal+Mudhal+Varai| title=Mass Media in India| isbn=9788123017488| year=2010| publisher=Publications Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India| access-date=9 September 2019| archive-date=18 March 2024| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240318022536/https://books.google.com/books?id=rp1FQ7EcSCIC&q=Mudhal+Mudhal+Mudhal+Varai| url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| [[Cairo International Film Festival]]
| Feature Digital Films – Silver Award
| Krishnan Seshadri Gomatam
| {{won}}
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref name="Book" /> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://gulfnews.com/entertainment/triumph-of-seshadris-maiden-venture-1.564955|title=Triumph of Seshadri's maiden venture | Entertainment – Gulf News|access-date=9 September 2019|archive-date=18 March 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240318022536/https://gulfnews.com/entertainment/triumph-of-seshadris-maiden-venture-1.564955|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| International Film Fest in Nagpur
| Best Female Lead
| [[Anuja Iyer]]
| {{won}}
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/Toast-to-Tamil-cinema/article15444162.ece|title=Toast to Tamil cinema|newspaper=The Hindu|date=14 February 2011|last1=Raghavan|first1=Nikhil|access-date=9 September 2019|archive-date=18 March 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240318022622/https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/Toast-to-Tamil-cinema/article15444162.ece|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{IMDb title|1542922}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:2008 films]]
[[Category:2008 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:2008 Indian films]]
[[Category:Indian independent films]]
[[Category:2008 directorial debut films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]

2026 Pune Challenger – Singles

2026-03-01T13:28:07Z

Frederickdube:

{{Tennis events|2026|Pune Challenger|
| champ = {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Federico Cinà]]
| runner = {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Felix Gill]]
| score = 6–3, 5–7, 7–6(7–1)
| edition =
| type = singles doubles
}}

{{main|2026 Pune Challenger}}

[[Dalibor Svrčina]] was the defending champion<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tennistourtalk.com/119400/svrcina-secures-maha-open-crown-in-pune|title=Svrcina Secures Maha Open Crown In Pune|first=Florian|last=Heer|date=February 23, 2025}}</ref> but chose not to defend his title.

[[Federico Cinà]] won the title after defeating [[Felix Gill]] 6–3, 5–7, 7–6(7–1) in the final.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://magazine.tennistalker.it/2026/03/01/challenger-pune-federico-cina-eroico-annulla-cinque-match-point-a-gill-e-trova-il-suo-primo-titolo/|title=Challenger Pune: Federico Cinà eroico! Annulla cinque match point a Gill e trova il suo primo titolo|publisher=Tennis Talker (in Italian)|accessdate=1 March 2026}}</ref>

==Seeds==
{{columns-list|colwidth=30em|
# {{flagicon|ARG}} [[Federico Agustín Gómez]] ''(first round)''
# {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Jay Clarke (tennis)|Jay Clarke]] ''(second round)''
# {{flagicon|}} [[Ilia Simakin]] ''(second round)''
# {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Oliver Crawford (tennis)|Oliver Crawford]] ''(second round, withdrew)''
# {{flagicon|POR}} [[Frederico Ferreira Silva]] ''(second round)''
# {{flagicon|ITA}} '''[[Federico Cinà]] (champion)'''
# {{flagicon|JPN}} [[Rio Noguchi]] ''(first round)''
# {{flagicon|LTU}} [[Edas Butvilas]] ''(semifinals)''
}}

==Draw==
{{Draw key}}

===Finals===
{{4TeamBracket-Tennis3
| RD1=Semifinals
| RD2=Final

| team-width=175

| RD1-seed1=
| RD1-team1={{flagicon|CRO}} [[Duje Ajduković]]
| RD1-score1-1=5
| RD1-score1-2=2
| RD1-score1-3=
| RD1-seed2=6
| RD1-team2='''{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Federico Cinà]]'''
| RD1-score2-1='''7'''
| RD1-score2-2='''6'''
| RD1-score2-3=

| RD1-seed3=
| RD1-team3='''{{flagicon|GBR}} [[Felix Gill]]'''
| RD1-score3-1='''6'''
| RD1-score3-2='''7'''
| RD1-score3-3=
| RD1-seed4=8
| RD1-team4={{flagicon|LTU}} [[Edas Butvilas]]
| RD1-score4-1=4
| RD1-score4-2=5
| RD1-score4-3=

| RD2-seed1=6
| RD2-team1='''{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Federico Cinà]]'''
| RD2-score1-1='''6'''
| RD2-score1-2=5
| RD2-score1-3='''77'''
| RD2-seed2=
| RD2-team2={{flagicon|GBR}} [[Felix Gill]]
| RD2-score2-1=3
| RD2-score2-2='''7'''
| RD2-score2-3=61
}}

===Top half===
{{16TeamBracket-Compact-Tennis3
| RD1=First round
| RD2=Second round
| RD3=Quarterfinals
| RD4=Semifinals

| RD1-seed01=1
| RD1-team01={{flagicon|ARG}} [[Federico Agustín Gómez|FA Gómez]]
| RD1-score01-1=4
| RD1-score01-2='''6'''
| RD1-score01-3=67
| RD1-seed02=PR
| RD1-team02='''{{flagicon|}} [[Ilya Ivashka|I Ivashka]]'''
| RD1-score02-1='''6'''
| RD1-score02-2=1
| RD1-score02-3='''79'''

| RD1-seed03=WC
| RD1-team03='''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Manas Dhamne|M Dhamne]]'''
| RD1-score03-1='''6'''
| RD1-score03-2='''77'''
| RD1-score03-3=
| RD1-seed04=
| RD1-team04={{flagicon|GRE}} [[Stefanos Sakellaridis|S Sakellaridis]]
| RD1-score04-1=4
| RD1-score04-2=64
| RD1-score04-3=

| RD1-seed05=
| RD1-team05='''{{flagicon|CRO}} [[Duje Ajduković|D Ajduković]]'''
| RD1-score05-1='''6'''
| RD1-score05-2='''6'''
| RD1-score05-3=
| RD1-seed06=
| RD1-team06={{flagicon|KOR}} Shin San-hui
| RD1-score06-1=2
| RD1-score06-2=4
| RD1-score06-3=

| RD1-seed07=
| RD1-team07={{flagicon|}} [[Petr Bar Biryukov|P Bar Biryukov]]
| RD1-score07-1=3
| RD1-score07-2=4
| RD1-score07-3=
| RD1-seed08=5
| RD1-team08='''{{flagicon|POR}} [[Frederico Ferreira Silva|F Ferreira Silva]]'''
| RD1-score08-1='''6'''
| RD1-score08-2='''6'''
| RD1-score08-3=

| RD1-seed09=3
| RD1-team09='''{{flagicon|}} [[Ilia Simakin|I Simakin]]'''
| RD1-score09-1=4
| RD1-score09-2='''6'''
| RD1-score09-3='''712'''
| RD1-seed10=Q
| RD1-team10={{flagicon|MAS}} Mitsuki Wei Kang Leong
| RD1-score10-1='''6'''
| RD1-score10-2=2
| RD1-score10-3=610

| RD1-seed11=
| RD1-team11='''{{flagicon|GBR}} [[Alastair Gray|A Gray]]'''
| RD1-score11-1='''6'''
| RD1-score11-2=3
| RD1-score11-3='''6'''
| RD1-seed12=
| RD1-team12={{flagicon|POL}} [[Daniel Michalski|D Michalski]]
| RD1-score12-1=3
| RD1-score12-2='''6'''
| RD1-score12-3=3

| RD1-seed13=NG
| RD1-team13={{flagicon|ITA}} Lorenzo Carboni
| RD1-score13-1=4
| RD1-score13-2=4
| RD1-score13-3=
| RD1-seed14=
| RD1-team14='''{{flagicon|JPN}} [[Yuta Shimizu|Y Shimizu]]'''
| RD1-score14-1='''6'''
| RD1-score14-2='''6'''
| RD1-score14-3=

| RD1-seed15=Q
| RD1-team15={{flagicon|JPN}} Takuya Kumasaka
| RD1-score15-1=1
| RD1-score15-2=0
| RD1-score15-3=
| RD1-seed16=6
| RD1-team16='''{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Federico Cinà|F Cinà]]'''
| RD1-score16-1='''6'''
| RD1-score16-2='''6'''
| RD1-score16-3=

| RD2-seed01=PR
| RD2-team01={{flagicon|}} [[Ilya Ivashka|I Ivashka]]
| RD2-score01-1=3
| RD2-score01-2=0r
| RD2-score01-3=
| RD2-seed02=WC
| RD2-team02='''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Manas Dhamne|M Dhamne]]'''
| RD2-score02-1='''6'''
| RD2-score02-2=0
| RD2-score02-3=

| RD2-seed03=
| RD2-team03='''{{flagicon|CRO}} [[Duje Ajduković|D Ajduković]]'''
| RD2-score03-1='''6'''
| RD2-score03-2='''6'''
| RD2-score03-3=
| RD2-seed04=5
| RD2-team04={{flagicon|POR}} [[Frederico Ferreira Silva|F Ferreira Silva]]
| RD2-score04-1=2
| RD2-score04-2=2
| RD2-score04-3=

| RD2-seed05=3
| RD2-team05={{flagicon|}} [[Ilia Simakin|I Simakin]]
| RD2-score05-1='''6'''
| RD2-score05-2=67
| RD2-score05-3=5
| RD2-seed06=
| RD2-team06='''{{flagicon|GBR}} [[Alastair Gray|A Gray]]'''
| RD2-score06-1=4
| RD2-score06-2='''79'''
| RD2-score06-3='''7'''

| RD2-seed07=
| RD2-team07={{flagicon|JPN}} [[Yuta Shimizu|Y Shimizu]]
| RD2-score07-1=1
| RD2-score07-2=4
| RD2-score07-3=
| RD2-seed08=6
| RD2-team08='''{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Federico Cinà|F Cinà]]'''
| RD2-score08-1='''6'''
| RD2-score08-2='''6'''
| RD2-score08-3=

| RD3-seed01=WC
| RD3-team01={{flagicon|IND}} [[Manas Dhamne|M Dhamne]]
| RD3-score01-1='''6'''
| RD3-score01-2=68
| RD3-score01-3=4
| RD3-seed02=
| RD3-team02='''{{flagicon|CRO}} [[Duje Ajduković|D Ajduković]]'''
| RD3-score02-1=3
| RD3-score02-2='''710'''
| RD3-score02-3='''6'''

| RD3-seed03=
| RD3-team03={{flagicon|GBR}} [[Alastair Gray|A Gray]]
| RD3-score03-1=4
| RD3-score03-2=2
| RD3-score03-3=
| RD3-seed04=6
| RD3-team04='''{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Federico Cinà|F Cinà]]'''
| RD3-score04-1='''6'''
| RD3-score04-2='''6'''
| RD3-score04-3=

| RD4-seed01=
| RD4-team01={{flagicon|CRO}} [[Duje Ajduković|D Ajduković]]
| RD4-score01-1=5
| RD4-score01-2=2
| RD4-score01-3=
| RD4-seed02=6
| RD4-team02='''{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Federico Cinà|F Cinà]]'''
| RD4-score02-1='''7'''
| RD4-score02-2='''6'''
| RD4-score02-3=
}}

===Bottom half===
{{16TeamBracket-Compact-Tennis3
| RD1=First round
| RD2=Second round
| RD3=Quarterfinals
| RD4=Semifinals

| RD1-seed01=7
| RD1-team01={{flagicon|JPN}} [[Rio Noguchi|R Noguchi]]
| RD1-score01-1=1
| RD1-score01-2=2
| RD1-score01-3=
| RD1-seed02=
| RD1-team02='''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Sumit Nagal|S Nagal]]'''
| RD1-score02-1='''6'''
| RD1-score02-2='''6'''
| RD1-score02-3=

| RD1-seed03=
| RD1-team03={{flagicon|BEL}} [[Michael Geerts|M Geerts]]
| RD1-score03-1='''6'''
| RD1-score03-2=69
| RD1-score03-3=4
| RD1-seed04=
| RD1-team04='''{{flagicon|GBR}} [[Felix Gill|F Gill]]'''
| RD1-score04-1=1
| RD1-score04-2='''711'''
| RD1-score04-3='''6'''

| RD1-seed05=Q
| RD1-team05='''{{flagicon|POL}} [[Maks Kaśnikowski|M Kaśnikowski]]'''
| RD1-score05-1='''6'''
| RD1-score05-2='''6'''
| RD1-score05-3=
| RD1-seed06=WC
| RD1-team06={{flagicon|IND}} [[Karan Singh (tennis)|K Singh]]
| RD1-score06-1=3
| RD1-score06-2=1
| RD1-score06-3=

| RD1-seed07=LL
| RD1-team07={{flagicon|TPE}} [[Huang Tsung-hao|T-h Huang]]
| RD1-score07-1=2
| RD1-score07-2='''6'''
| RD1-score07-3=0
| RD1-seed08=4
| RD1-team08='''{{flagicon|GBR}} [[Oliver Crawford (tennis)|O Crawford]]'''
| RD1-score08-1='''6'''
| RD1-score08-2=4
| RD1-score08-3='''6'''

| RD1-seed09=8
| RD1-team09='''{{flagicon|LTU}} [[Edas Butvilas|E Butvilas]]'''
| RD1-score09-1='''6'''
| RD1-score09-2='''6'''
| RD1-score09-3=
| RD1-seed10=WC
| RD1-team10={{flagicon|IND}} Aditya Vishal Balsekar
| RD1-score10-1=0
| RD1-score10-2=1
| RD1-score10-3=

| RD1-seed11=Q
| RD1-team11='''{{flagicon|TPE}} [[Wu Tung-lin|T-l Wu]]'''
| RD1-score11-1='''6'''
| RD1-score11-2='''6'''
| RD1-score11-3=
| RD1-seed12=LL
| RD1-team12={{flagicon|ITA}} [[Alexandr Binda|A Binda]]
| RD1-score12-1=1
| RD1-score12-2=2
| RD1-score12-3=

| RD1-seed13=LL
| RD1-team13={{flagicon|ESP}} [[David Jordà Sanchis|D Jordà Sanchis]]
| RD1-score13-1=68
| RD1-score13-2=4
| RD1-score13-3=
| RD1-seed14=Q
| RD1-team14='''{{flagicon|JPN}} [[Masamichi Imamura|M Imamura]]'''
| RD1-score14-1='''710'''
| RD1-score14-2='''6'''
| RD1-score14-3=

| RD1-seed15=Q
| RD1-team15={{flagicon|JPN}} [[Yusuke Takahashi|Y Takahashi]]
| RD1-score15-1=4
| RD1-score15-2=1
| RD1-score15-3=
| RD1-seed16=2
| RD1-team16='''{{flagicon|GBR}} [[Jay Clarke (tennis)|J Clarke]]'''
| RD1-score16-1='''6'''
| RD1-score16-2='''6'''
| RD1-score16-3=

| RD2-seed01=
| RD2-team01={{flagicon|IND}} [[Sumit Nagal|S Nagal]]
| RD2-score01-1=64
| RD2-score01-2='''6'''
| RD2-score01-3=3
| RD2-seed02=
| RD2-team02='''{{flagicon|GBR}} [[Felix Gill|F Gill]]'''
| RD2-score02-1='''77'''
| RD2-score02-2=0
| RD2-score02-3='''6'''

| RD2-seed03=Q
| RD2-team03='''{{flagicon|POL}} [[Maks Kaśnikowski|M Kaśnikowski]]'''
| RD2-score03-1=w/o
| RD2-score03-2=
| RD2-score03-3=
| RD2-seed04=4
| RD2-team04={{flagicon|GBR}} [[Oliver Crawford (tennis)|O Crawford]]
| RD2-score04-1=
| RD2-score04-2=
| RD2-score04-3=

| RD2-seed05=8
| RD2-team05='''{{flagicon|LTU}} [[Edas Butvilas|E Butvilas]]'''
| RD2-score05-1='''6'''
| RD2-score05-2=3
| RD2-score05-3=
| RD2-seed06=Q
| RD2-team06={{flagicon|TPE}} [[Wu Tung-lin|T-l Wu]]
| RD2-score06-1=3
| RD2-score06-2=0r
| RD2-score06-3=

| RD2-seed07=Q
| RD2-team07='''{{flagicon|JPN}} [[Masamichi Imamura|M Imamura]]'''
| RD2-score07-1='''6'''
| RD2-score07-2='''6'''
| RD2-score07-3=
| RD2-seed08=2
| RD2-team08={{flagicon|GBR}} [[Jay Clarke (tennis)|J Clarke]]
| RD2-score08-1=2
| RD2-score08-2=4
| RD2-score08-3=

| RD3-seed01=
| RD3-team01='''{{flagicon|GBR}} [[Felix Gill|F Gill]]'''
| RD3-score01-1=0
| RD3-score01-2='''77'''
| RD3-score01-3='''6'''
| RD3-seed02=Q
| RD3-team02={{flagicon|POL}} [[Maks Kaśnikowski|M Kaśnikowski]]
| RD3-score02-1='''6'''
| RD3-score02-2=62
| RD3-score02-3=1

| RD3-seed03=8
| RD3-team03='''{{flagicon|LTU}} [[Edas Butvilas|E Butvilas]]'''
| RD3-score03-1='''6'''
| RD3-score03-2='''6'''
| RD3-score03-3=
| RD3-seed04=Q
| RD3-team04={{flagicon|JPN}} [[Masamichi Imamura|M Imamura]]
| RD3-score04-1=3
| RD3-score04-2=3
| RD3-score04-3=

| RD4-seed01=
| RD4-team01='''{{flagicon|GBR}} [[Felix Gill|F Gill]]'''
| RD4-score01-1='''6'''
| RD4-score01-2='''7'''
| RD4-score01-3=
| RD4-seed02=8
| RD4-team02={{flagicon|LTU}} [[Edas Butvilas|E Butvilas]]
| RD4-score02-1=4
| RD4-score02-2=5
| RD4-score02-3=
}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://www.protennislive.com/posting/2026/7100/mds.pdf Main draw]
*[https://www.protennislive.com/posting/2026/7100/qs.pdf Qualifying draw]

{{DEFAULTSORT:2026 Pune Challenger - 1}}
[[Category:2026 ATP Challenger Tour|Pune Challenger - 1]]
[[Category:KPIT MSLTA Challenger|2026 Singles]]

Indian Derby

2026-02-25T11:57:44Z

Frederickdube: New a info

{{short description|Annual thoroughbred horse race in India}}
[[File:'Kingfisher Ultra Million Indian Derby ' Trophy.jpg|thumb|Kingfisher Ultra Indian Derby Trophy|350x350px]]
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2018}}
[[File:Horses jumping out of 'Starting Gates'.jpg|thumb|Indian Derby 2016|349x349px]]
The '''Indian Derby''' is an annual [[Thoroughbred horse racing|Thoroughbred horse race]]. It is run over 2,400-metres and held on the first Sunday of February at the [[Mahalaxmi Racecourse]] in [[Mumbai]].

==History==
The '''"Indian Derby"''' is the premier horse racing event of the country held annually on the first Sunday of February'''.''' A derby is a type of horse race, named after the [[Epsom Derby]], run at [[Epsom Downs Racecourse]] in [[England]]. It was named after for [[Edward Smith-Stanley, 12th Earl of Derby|Edward Smith-Stanley]], [[12th Earl of Derby]], who inaugurated the race in 1780.[[File:Indian Derby List of Winners since 1943..JPG|thumb|460x460px|Indian Derby Winners since 1943]]

The Indian derby, later called the McDowell Indian Derby was sponsored by the [[United Breweries Group|United Breweries Ltd]] from 1984 Until 2022. It is one of the premier sporting activities in the city having the highest cash prize for any single sporting event in India. The race was first held in 1943 and was won by a [[filly]] Princess Beautiful, ridden by [[Edgar Britt]].

There have been many exciting finishes to the Indian Derby but none have come close to the one that occurred on 8 February 1947, a filly named "Her Majesty" ridden by [[Australians|Australian]] jockey W.T Evans son of [[List of Melbourne Cup winners|1907]] [[Melbourne Cup]] winning jockey William (Billy) Evans,<ref>{{Cite news|date=1954-06-17|title=Jockey's death|pages=1|work=Courier-Mail (Brisbane, Qld. : 1933 - 1954)|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article50602479|access-date=2020-07-30}}</ref> had a dramatic fall after the start of the race but both the rider and the horse were brave enough to get back on their feet and run the race only to finish second to Bucephalus by a "[[Horse length|nose]]". Two weeks later Her Majesty beat Bucephalus in the classic Indian St. Leger by twenty lengths.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.rossmoor-writers.com/uploads/6/3/3/8/63387153/adins-ad_her-majesty.pdf|title=HER MAJESTY: A TRUE RACE HORSE STORY}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=Indian Derby 1947 - Coles Race Card|url=https://twitter.com/hemin2/status/1288742459829186560|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-07-30|website=Twitter|language=en}}</ref>

==Derby winners==
List of Indian derby winners:<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tbheritage.com/TurfHallmarks/racecharts/Ind/IndianDerby.html|title=Indian Derby Winners|website=www.tbheritage.com|access-date=2018-05-24}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://fixedracing.blogspot.com.au/2017/03/list-of-indian-derby-winners.html|title=List of Indian Derby Winners|website=List of Indian Derby Winners|access-date=2018-05-24}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
!Race Date
!Winner
!Sex
!Bred At
!Jockey
!Trainer
|-
!01/02/2026
|Fynbos
|F
|Nanoli Stud
|[[Tom Marquand]]
|[[Pesi Shroff]]
|-
!04/02/2025
|Ranquelino
|G
|Manjri
|A Sandesh
|Darius R Byramji
|-
!04/02/2024
|Enabler
|C
|Sohna
|Yash Narredu
|M Narredu
|-
!'''05/02/2023'''
|Mirra
|F
|Usha/Mehra
|Anthony Raj
|Arjun Mangalorkar
|-
!06/02/2022
| Zuccarelli
| G
|Nanoli Stud
|[[P. Trevor]]
|[[Pesi Shroff]]
|-
!28/03/2021
| Immortality
| F
|Usha/Mehra
|[[Suraj Narredu]]
|[[Pesi Shroff]]
|-
!02/02/2020
| War Hammer
|C
|Kunigal
|[[Suraj Narredu]]
|Prasana Kumar
|-

!03/02/2019
|Star Superior
|C
|Poonawalla Group
|[[Suraj Narredu]]
|Rajesh Narredu
|-
!04/02/2018
|Rochester
|C
|Manjri
|C.S. Jodha
|S K Sunderji
|-
!05/02/2017
|Hall of Famer
|F
|Dashmesh
|David Allan
|S.Padmanabhan
|-
!07/02/2016
|Desert God
|C
|Kunigal
|David Allan
|S Padmanabhan
|-
!01/02/2015
|Be Safe
|C
|Hazara
|[[Suraj Narredu]]
|M Narredu
|-
!02/02/2014
|Alaindair
|G
|Usha/Mehra
|[[Y.S. Srinath]]
|Altamash A Ahmed
|-
!03/02/2013
|Super Storm
|c
|Hazara
|[[Jimmy Fortune (jockey)|Jimmy Fortune]]
|S Narredu
|-
!05/02/2012
|In The Spotlight
|F
|Poonawalla Group
|[[Martin Dwyer]]
|S Padmanabhan
|-
!06/02/2011
|Moonlight Romance
|F
|Usha/Mehra
|David Allan
|C D Katrak
|-
!07/02/2010
|Jacqueline
|F
|Sohna
|[[Richard Hughes (jockey)|Richard Hughes]]
|[[Pesi Shroff]]
|-
!12/04/2009
|Antonios
|C
|Nanoli
|[[Silvestre de Sousa|S A DeSousa]]
|S S Shah
|-
!03/02/2008
|Hotstepper
|C
|Kehelan
|[[Michael Kinane|M J Kinane]]
|S S Shah
|-
!04/02/2007
|Diabolical
|G
|Manjri
|[[Colm O'Donoghue]]
|S Ganapathy
|-
!05/02/2006
|Velvet Rope
|G
|Sohna
|P Kamlesh
|Vinayak
|-
!06/02/2005
|Southern Regent
|G
|Usha/Mehra
|B Prakash
|S Ganapathy
|-
!01/02/2004
|Psychic Flame
|F
|Usha/Mehra
|[[Pesi Shroff]]
|Darius R Byramji
|-
!02/02/2003
|Noble Eagle
|G
|Nanoli
|P Belose
|Vinayak
|-
!03/02/2002
|Starsky
|G
|Usha/Mehra
|B Prakash
|Dallas Todywalla
|-
!04/02/2001
|Storm Again
|C
|Poonawalla Group
|[[Pesi Shroff]]
|J S Dhariwal
|-
!06/02/2000
|Smart Chieftan
|G
|Poonawalla Group
|[[Richard Hughes (jockey)|Richard Hughes]]
|Karan Singh
|-
!07/02/1999
|Supervite
|F
|Nanoli
|C Ruzaan
|Darius R Byramji
|-
!01/02/1998
|Star Supreme
|C
|Usha/Mehra
|[[Jimmy Fortune (jockey)|J Fortune]]
|Dallas Todywalla
|-
!02/02/1997
|Indictment
|C
|Usha/Mehra
|M Narredu
|Vinayak
|-
!04/02/1996
|Amazing Bay
|F
|Poonawalla Group
|Satish Narredu
|J H Foley
|-
!05/02/1995
|Elusive Pimpernel
|C
|Dashmesh/Hargobind
|[[Aslam Kader]]
|[[Rashid Byramji]]
|-
!06/02/1994
|Littleover
|F
|Manjri
|[[Pesi Shroff]]
|[[Rashid Byramji]]
|-
!28/02/1993
|Astronomic
|C
|Dashmesh/Hargobind
|[[Aslam Kader]]
|[[Rashid Byramji]]
|-
!02/02/1992
|Astonish
|F
|Poonawalla Group
|[[Aslam Kader]]
|Bezan Chenoy
|-
!03/02/1991
|Starfire Girl
|F
|Poonawalla Group
|[[Pesi Shroff]]
|Altaf Hussain
|-
!04/02/1990
|Desert Warrior
|C
|Poonawalla Group
|[[Pesi Shroff]]
|Altaf Hussain
|-
!05/02/1989
|Exhilaration
|C
|Poonawalla Group
|[[Pesi Shroff]]
|Imtiaz A Sait
|-
!07/02/1988
|Cordon Bleu
|F
|Poonawalla Group
|[[Michael Kinane|M J Kinane]]
|[[Rashid Byramji]]
|-
!01/02/1987
|Chaitanya Chakram
|C
|Dashmesh/Hargobind
|L Marshall
|J S Dhariwal
|-
!02/02/1986
|Sir Bruce
|C
|Doaba/Galloping
|[[Michael Kinane|M J Kinane]]
|Jamshed Dalal
|-
!03/02/1985
|Revelation
|F
|Usha/Mehra
|[[Pesi Shroff]]
|Bezan Chenoy
|-
!05/02/1984
|Enterprising
|C
|Usha/Mehra
|[[Pesi Shroff]]
|Bezan Chenoy
|-
!06/02/1983
|Nelston
|C
|Usha/Mehra
|V Shinde
|C A Kutappa
|-
!21/02/1982
|Almanac
|C
|Usha/Mehra
|G Baxter
|Nosher Cama
|-
!01/02/1981
|Track Lightning
|C
|Usha/Mehra
|A Barclay
|Tassi
|-
!03/02/1980
|Mohawk
|C
|Yeravada
|[[Walter Swinburn|W Swinburn]]
|[[Rashid Byramji]]
|-
!04/02/1979
|Royal Tern
|C
|Sewania
|[[Karl Umrigar]]
|B K Lagad
|-
!05/02/1978
|Manitou
|C
|Usha/Mehra
|V Shinde
|[[Rashid Byramji]]
|-
!30/01/1977
|Squanderer
|C
|Yeravada
|M Jagdish
|[[Rashid Byramji]]
|-
!01/02/1976
|Commanche
|C
|Yeravada
|M Jagdish
|[[Rashid Byramji]]
|-
!02/02/1975
|Pyare Miya
|C
|Kolhapur
|E Johnson
|Hayat Mohd
|-
!10/02/1974
|Topmost
|C
|Kunigal
|N Reuben
|[[Rashid Byramji]]
|-
!18/03/1973
|Mansoor
|G
|Manjri
|[[Pandu Khade]]
|S S Shah
|-
!06/02/1972
|Prince Khartoum
|C
|Greenacres
|[[Walter Swinburn|W Swinburn]]
|[[Rashid Byramji]]
|-
!07/02/1971
|Bright Hanovar
|C
|Yeravada
|G McGrath
|S M Shah
|-
!01/02/1970
|Thunder Storm
|G
|Manjri
|J Wilson
|D P Pandole
|-
!02/02/1969
|Fair Haven
|F
|Greenacres
|[[Brian Taylor (jockey)|B Taylor]]
|G M Omkar
|-
!21/01/1968
|Our Select
|C
|Yeravada
|M Jagdish
|S M Shah
|-
!29/01/1967
|Nijinsky
|C
|Manjri
|E J Cracknell
|S M Shah
|-
!24/01/1966
|Red Rufus
|C
|Kolhapur
|K Raghunath
|Meherjee
|-
!07/02/1965
|Rose Royal
|F
|Greenacres
|F Durr
|Maj V M Lad
|-
!19/01/1964
|Prince Pradeep
|C
|Yeravada
|W H Carr
|Aziz Mahmoud
|-
!27/01/1963
|Rocklie
|F
|Jammu
|S Smith
|A L J Talib
|-
!04/02/1962
|Loyal Manzar
|C
|Manjri
|S Smith
|A L J Talib
|-
!05/02/1961
|Alijah
|C
|Manjri
|[[Pandu Khade]]
|Maj V M Lad
|-
!31/01/1960
|Rose De Bahama
|F
|Manjri
|W A Rickaby
|Narayan Singh
|-
!08/02/1959
|Fair Wood[NSB]
|C
|Kunigal
|J McGaffin
|D N Adenwalla
|-
!02/02/1958
|Canny Scot[NSB]
|C
|Broadacres
|M Jagdish
|Baba Khan
|-
!03/02/1957
|Balchand
|C
|Yeravada
|[[Pandu Khade]]
|D N Adenwalla
|-
!12/02/1956
|Star of Gwalior
|C
|Manjri
|J Egan
|Maj V M Lad
|-
!06/02/1955
|Rough Deal
|C
|Kunigal
|E Eldin
|J Thompson
|-
!23/01/1954
|Commoner
|C
|Baroda
|S Chavan
|Sion F Nessim
|-
!18/01/1953
|Regal Domain
|C
|Western India
|W T Evans
|W Buckley
|-
!20/01/1952
|Martial Law
|C
|Baroda
|K A Gethin
|B R Patel
|-
!20/01/1951
|Gold Street
|C
|Yeravada
|B T Duffy
|B R Patel
|-
!29/01/1950
|Mansoor Beg[NSB]
|C
|Renala
|[[Pandu Khade]]
|H R Somekh
|-
!05/02/1949
|Balam
|C
|Renala
|Kheem Singh
|A L J Talib
|-
!21/02/1948
|Jeanne D'arc
|F
|Baroda
|W A Rickaby
|L W Marrable
|-
!08/02/1947
|Bucephalus
|C
|Meher Shah
|T Burn
|A L J Talib
|-
!02/02/1946
|Chakori
|F
|Bhopal
|W T Evans
|A L J Talib
|-
!27/01/1945
|Odds On
|F
|Montgomery
|R H Jones
|G L Shinde
|-
!05/02/1944
|Deepak
|C
|Renala
|A Roberts
|Maj K P Jadhav
|-
!30/01/1943
|Princess Beautiful
|F
|Renala
|[[Edgar Britt]]
|M C Patel
|}

==See also==
*[[Mahalaxmi Racecourse]]
*[[Royal Western India Turf Club]]

== References ==
[[Category:Sports competitions in Mumbai]]
[[Category:Horse racing in India]]
<references />

[[Category:Indian jockeys]]

Pravindra Kumar

2026-02-10T18:47:52Z

Frederickdube: improve content also and corrected details

{{Short description|Indian biophysicist at IIT–Roorkee}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{Cleanup rewrite|date=May 2025}}
{{Resume-like|date=May 2025}}
}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2019}}
{{Infobox scientist
| name = Pravindra Kumar
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_date =
| birth_place = India
| death_date =
| death_place =
| fields = {{ublist | [[Biophysics]] | [[Bioinformatics]] | [[Biochemistry]] }}
| workplaces = {{ublist | [[Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee]] }}
| alma_mater = {{ublist | [[Chaudhary Charan Singh University]] | [[All India Institute of Medical Sciences Delhi]] | [[Purdue University]] }}
| doctoral_advisor =
| doctoral_students =
| known_for = Studies on [[protein-protein interactions]], [[protein engineering]] and [[structure-based drug design]]
| awards = {{ublist| 2015 [[National Bioscience Award for Career Development|N-BIOS Prize]] }}
}}
'''Professor Pravindra Kumar''' is an Indian [[biophysicist]], [[bioinformatician]], [[biochemist]] and Professor & Former Head Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute Of Technology–Roorkee (IIT–Roorkee) India. He is known for his work on [[protein-protein interactions]], [[protein engineering]] and [[structure-based drug design]]. Prof. Pravindra Kumar's primary research interest lies in studying Bacterial enzymes and
pathways involved in the degradation of toxic aromatic compounds, such as PCBs, dibenzofuran, chlorodibenzofurans, DDT, dyes, and plastics/plasticizers. He focuses particularly on oxidoreductases enzymes due to their unique ability to catalyze challenging reactions, with a special emphasis on understanding their catalytic mechanisms and structural basis for guiding protein engineering. One notable achievement of his research group is the successful engineering of dioxygenases capable of metabolizing various toxic compounds, including those found in plastics (J. Bacteriol. 2016, BBRC 2012, JMB 2011, J.Biol. Chem. 2011).

== Biography ==
[[File:Admin Block IIT-R.JPG|left|thumb|IIT Roorkee]]

The global surge in plastic consumption has led to the "Plastic Age," prompting his interest in
finding innovative strategies for PET bioconversion and recycling through the engineering of
robust enzymes and microbial strains. Toxic substances, such as phthalate and terephthalate,
commonly found in plastic bottles, packaging, personal care items, and industrial waste, leading
to their detection in various aquatic environments. These toxic substances cause cancer and heart
diseases and have been found to disrupt the endocrine system and have adverse effects on
reproductive health and physical growth. Hiss recent work has resulted in determining the first
crystal structures of key enzymes involved in the degradation of phthalates and terephthalate,
leading to the successful engineering of oxidoreductases with remarkable abilities to metabolize
these toxic compounds (J. Biol. Chem., 2021; J. Bacteriol., 2021; Arch. of Biochem. and
Biophys., 2022). Additionally, he has also developed a phthalate binding protein-based system
for extracting phthalates from contaminated water. Prof. Kumar's lab has engineered potent
microbial enzymes to eliminate these harmful substances from the atmosphere, potentially
mitigating environmental contamination.This was helpful for the development of biological
systems that convert waste plastic into valuable products, promoting a circular economy and
reducing plastic waste's environmental impact.
Further, his contributions extend to antimicrobial research, where he has made significant strides.
Notably, he successfully determined the crystal structure of a crucial bacterial enzyme (OXA-58)
and identified a novel inhibitor that shows promise in combating antibiotic resistance
(Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2015; Mol Biosys. 2016; JMB 2019). Moreover, his research
efforts have identified potential drug targets in Moraxella catarrhalis, leading to the discovery of
new inhibitors that could be utilized in developing novel antimicrobials (Acta Crystallogr D
2015; Biochim Biophys Acta. 2018; Biochemie. 2018; Arch. of Biochem. and Biophys., 2020;
Biochemie. 2022).
In addition to his antimicrobial research, Prof. Kumar's laboratory has explored the antibacterial
properties of chlorogenic acid, a natural compound found in various plant species, as a potential
new class of antibiotics (Sci. Rep. 2017; J. Bacteriol., 2020). Furthermore, his team has
extensively studied the structural aspects of plant proteins and secondary metabolites from
medicinal plants, leading to various discoveries with potential therapeutic implications (FEBS J
2012; PLoS One. 2013; Proteins; Proteomics 2015; Sci. Rep. 2017; Sci. Rep. 2020).
Through collaboration, his team has discovered novel antivirals and patented an enzyme assay
and kit for identifying inhibitors of alphavirus/Chikungunya virus (PLoS One 2013; J Virol.
2014; Sci Rep. 2017; Antiviral Res. 2017; Virology 2018; Virus Res. 2021; Virology 2022;
FEBS J 2022).
Prof. Pravindra Kumar's wide-ranging contributions to the understanding of enzymes, bacterial
pathways, and potential drug targets have significant implications for both national and
international issues. His research on plastics degradation can help address environmental
pollution and promote sustainable practices in waste management. Additionally, his
antimicrobial work offers promising solutions to combat antibiotic resistance and emerging viral
threats, benefiting global public health efforts. Furthermore, his investigations into plant
therapeutic proteins contribute to the advancement of medicinal sciences and the development of
novel therapies for various ailments. Pravindra Kumar also focuses his interest on [[protein engineering]] and interactions as well as [[drug design]] and leads a team of researchers.<ref name="Faculty profile">{{Cite web |url=http://people.iitr.ernet.in/facultyresume/kumarfbs_1.pdf |title=Faculty profile |date=2018-05-15 |website=IIT Roorkee |access-date=2018-05-15}}</ref> In 2017, his team worked on [[Chlorogenic acid]], an aromatic compound found naturally in plants like [[coffea]] and their biochemical and structural studies using [[x-ray crystallography]] techniques revealed that the compound had anti-bacterial properties.<ref name="A new class of antibiotics from coffee? - Nature India">{{Cite journal |url=https://www.natureasia.com/en/nindia/article/10.1038/nindia.2017.121 |title=A new class of antibiotics from coffee? - Nature India |date=20 September 2017 |website=Nature India |doi=10.1038/nindia.2017.121 |doi-broken-date=1 July 2025 |access-date=2018-05-15}}</ref> The discovery is reported to have opportunities in the development of a new class of [[antibiotics]]<ref name="IIT Roorkee discovered the antibacterial mechanism of a natural compound obtained from plant species">{{Cite news |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/education-today/gk-current-affairs/story/iit-roorkee-discovered-the-antibacterial-mechanism-of-a-natural-compound-obtained-from-plant-species-1176144-2018-02-23 |title=IIT Roorkee discovered the antibacterial mechanism of a natural compound obtained from plant species |date=23 February 2018 |work=India Today |access-date=2018-05-15 |language=en}}</ref> as the compound clings to the [[chorismate mutase]] enzyme in the [[shikimate pathway]] which assists in the synthesis of [[aromatic amino acids]] and this could inhibit the growth of bacteria.<ref name="IIT-Roorkee study finds coffee compound may lead to new class of antibiotics - Times of India">{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/dehradun/iit-r-study-finds-coffee-compound-may-lead-to-new-class-of-antibiotics/articleshow/63049030.cms |title=IIT-Roorkee study finds coffee compound may lead to new class of antibiotics - Times of India |date=25 February 2018 |work=The Times of India |access-date=2018-05-15}}</ref> His studies have been documented by way of a number of articles<ref name="On Google Scholar">{{Cite web |url=https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=YnykEfsAAAAJ&hl=en |title=On Google Scholar |date=2018-05-15 |publisher=Google Scholar |access-date=2018-05-15}}</ref>{{Refn|group=note|Please see ''Selected bibliography'' section}} and [[ResearchGate]], an online repository of scientific articles has listed 117 of them.<ref name="On ResearchGate">{{Cite web |url=https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Pravindra_Kumar4 |title=On ResearchGate |date=2018-05-15 |access-date=2018-05-15}}</ref>

== Awards and honors ==
* The [[Department of Biotechnology]] (DBT) of the Government of India awarded him the [[National Bioscience Award for Career Development]], second highest prize after shanti swaroop Bhatnagar prize in 2015.
* Prof. Pravindra Kumar received a prestigious award as the chairperson from the Ashok Soota Foundation. Ashok Soota, Executive Chairman of Happiest Minds Technologies Limited, is widely recognized as one of the pioneering leaders of the Indian IT industry. As a serial entrepreneur, he has led both companies where he was founding Chairman to very successful IPOs: Happiest Minds (2020) and MindTree (2007).
* A Fellow, Biotech Research Society, India (BRSI) in 2021.
* ASM-IUSSTF INDO-US Visiting Professorship in 2017.
* IUSSTF Award for organizing Indo-US workshop and Symposium in 2014.
* BOYSCAST award from Department of Science and Technology, India and Visiting Scientist to USA in 2008.
* Visiting Scientist at Purdue University, USA from May - July 2006.
* National Bioscience Award by Department of Biotechnology (DBT), Ministry of Science & Technology, Govt. of India in 2016.
* S.V. TALEKAR MEDAL for Best Post Graduate Degree in AIIMS, DELHI in 2001.

<ref name="Awardees of National Bioscience Awards for Career Development">{{Cite web |url=http://dbtindia.nic.in/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/list_of_bioscience_awardees.pdf |title=Awardees of National Bioscience Awards for Career Development |date=2016 |publisher=Department of Biotechnology |access-date=2017-11-20}}</ref>

== Selected bibliography ==
* {{Cite journal |last1=Lonare |first1=Santosh |last2=Sharma |first2=Manoj |last3=Dalal |first3=Vipin |last4=Gubyad |first4=Manisha |last5=Kumar |first5=Pankaj |last6=Nath Gupta |first6=Dilip |last7=Pareek |first7=Ashwani |last8=Tomar |first8=Shailly |last9=Kumar Ghosh |first9=Dipak |last10=Kumar |first10=Pradeep |last11=Kumar Sharma |first11=Alok |date=2023 |title=Identification and evaluation of potential inhibitor molecules against TcyA from Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus |journal=Journal of Structural Biology |volume=215 |issue=3 |article-number=107992 |doi=10.1016/j.jsb.2023.107992|pmid=37394197 |s2cid=259314760 }}
* {{Cite journal |last1=Mahto |first1=Jai Krishna |last2=Neetu |first2=Neetu |last3=Sharma |first3=Monica |last4=Dubey |first4=Manish |last5=Vellanki |first5=Bhargava Pavan |last6=Kumar |first6=Pankaj |date=2022 |title=Structural insights into dihydroxylation of terephthalate, a product of polyethylene terephthalate degradation |journal=Journal of Bacteriology |volume=204 |issue=3 |page=e0054321 |doi=10.1128/JB.00543-21|pmid=35007143 |pmc=8923216 }}
* {{Cite journal |last1=Mahto |first1=Jai Krishna |last2=Sharma |first2=Monica |last3=Neetu |first3=Neetu |last4=Kayastha |first4=Amritansh |last5=Aggarwal |first5=Shagun |last6=Kumar |first6=Pankaj |date=2022 |title=Conformational flexibility enables catalysis of phthalate cis-4,5-dihydrodiol dehydrogenase |journal=Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics |volume=727 |article-number=109314 |doi=10.1016/j.abb.2022.109314 |pmid=35667443 |s2cid=249353079 }}
* {{Cite journal |last1=Rani |first1=Rakhi |last2=Long |first2=Shou-Jiang |last3=Pareek |first3=Amit |last4=Dhaka |first4=Pradeep |last5=Singh |first5=Amit |last6=Kumar |first6=Pankaj |last7=McInerney |first7=Gerard |last8=Tomar |first8=Shailly |date=2022 |title=Multi-target direct-acting SARS-CoV-2 antivirals against the nucleotide-binding pockets of virus-specific proteins |journal=Virology |volume=577 |pages=77–86 |doi=10.1016/j.virol.2021.12.007|pmid=35032866 |s2cid=245485930 |doi-access=free }}
* {{Cite journal |last1=Dalal |first1=Vipin |last2=Golemi-Kotra |first2=Dasantila |last3=Kumar |first3=Pankaj |date=2022 |title=Quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics studies on the catalytic mechanism of a novel esterase (FmtA) of Staphylococcus aureus |journal=Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling |volume=62 |issue=10 |pages=2409–2420 |doi=10.1021/acs.jcim.2c00057|pmid=35475370 |s2cid=248404244 }}
* {{Cite journal |last1=Katiki |first1=Madhuri |last2=Sharma |first2=Monica |last3=Neetu |first3=Neetu |last4=Rentala |first4=Manohar |last5=Kumar |first5=Pankaj |date=2022 |title=Biophysical and modeling-based approach for the identification of inhibitors against DOHH from Leishmania donovani |journal=Briefings in Functional Genomics |volume=22 |issue=2 |pages=217–226 |doi=10.1093/bfgp/elab017|pmid=33758917 }}
* {{Cite journal |last1=Singh |first1=Vijay |last2=Dhankhar |first2=Pooja |last3=Dalal |first3=Vipin |last4=Tomar |first4=Shailly |last5=Golemi-Kotra |first5=Dasantila |last6=Kumar |first6=Pankaj |date=2022 |title=Drug-repurposing approach to combat Staphylococcus aureus: Biomolecular and binding interaction study |journal=ACS Omega |volume=7 |issue=43 |pages=38448–38458 |doi=10.1021/acsomega.2c06432 |doi-access=free|pmid=36969442 |pmc=10034777 |s2cid=257472622 }}
* {{Cite journal |last1=Dhankhar |first1=Pooja |last2=Dalal |first2=Vipin |last3=Sharma |first3=Alok K. |last4=Kumar |first4=Pankaj |date=2022 |title=Structural insights at acidic pH of Dye-decolorizing peroxidase from Bacillus subtilis |journal=Proteins |volume=91 |issue=4 |pages=508–517 |doi=10.1002/prot.26213|pmid=34387007 |pmc=8673552 }}
* {{Cite journal |last1=Dhankhar |first1=Pooja |last2=Dalal |first2=Vipin |last3=Singh |first3=Vijay |last4=Tomar |first4=Shailly |last5=Kumar |first5=Pankaj |date=2022 |title=Computational guided identification of novel potent inhibitors of N-terminal domain of nucleocapsid protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 |journal=Journal of Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics |volume=40 |issue=9 |pages=4084–4099 |doi=10.1080/07391102.2020.1852968|pmid=33251943 |pmc=7754992 }}
* {{Cite journal |last1=Singh |first1=Vijay |last2=Dhankhar |first2=Pooja |last3=Dalal |first3=Vipin |last4=Tomar |first4=Shailly |last5=Kumar |first5=Pankaj |date=2022 |title=In-silico functional and structural annotation of hypothetical protein from Klebsiella pneumonia: A potential drug target |journal=Journal of Molecular Graphics and Modelling |volume=116 |article-number=108262 |doi=10.1016/j.jmgm.2022.108262|pmid=35839717 |bibcode=2022JMGM..116j8262S |s2cid=250202477 }}

== See also ==
{{Div col|colwidth=30em}}
* [[Chikungunya]]
* [[Bacillus subtilis]]
{{Div col end}}
{{portal|India|Physics|Chemistry|Medicine}}

== Notes ==
{{reflist|group=note|2}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{Cite news |url=http://indiaeducationdiary.in/iit-roorkee-unravel-antibacterial-mechanism-natural-compound-obtained-plant-species-including-coffee/ |title=IIT Roorkee unravel the antibacterial mechanism of a natural compound obtained from plant species including Coffee - India Education Diary |last=Parida |first=Rashmi R |date=2018-02-23 |work=India Education Diary |access-date=2018-05-15 |language=en-US}}

{{N-BIOS Laureates 2010–2019}}
{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kumar, Pravindra}}
[[Category:N-BIOS Prize recipients]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Indian medical writers]]
[[Category:Scientists from Uttarakhand]]
[[Category:Indian biophysicists]]
[[Category:Indian biochemists]]
[[Category:Indian bioinformaticians]]
[[Category:Chaudhary Charan Singh University alumni]]
[[Category:All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi alumni]]
[[Category:Academic staff of IIT Roorkee]]

Pawan Tiwari

2026-02-09T06:07:57Z

Frederickdube: Put up new details

{{short description|Indian actor/producer}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2025}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Pawan Tiwari
| image = Pawan_Tiwari.jpg
| caption = Pawan Tiwari
| birth_place = [[Basti, Uttar Pradesh|Basti]], Uttar Pradesh, India
| occupation = Actor, [[Film producer|Producer]]
| years_active = 2004-present
| parents = [[Brij Bhushan Tiwari]] Nirmala Tiwari
}}

'''Pawan Tiwari''' is an Indian actor/producer. He has been seen in many TV shows and films. He turned producer with the feature film ''[[Dozakh in Search of Heaven]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tellychakkar.com/movie/movie-news/actor-turned-producer-pawan-tiwari-gears-the-world-wide-release-of-his-maiden-movie|title= Pawan Tiwari turns producer|work=Tellychakkar|accessdate=19 March 2015}}</ref> under his production company name "Jalsa Pictures". His company made ''[[Alif (2016 film)|Alif]]'' and ''[[Nakkash]]''.<ref name="IWMBUZZ">{{cite web|url=https://www.iwmbuzz.com/television/news/actor-producer-pawan-tiwari-dons-negative-role-movie-nakkash/2019/05/29|title= Actor and Producer Pawan Tiwari dons a negative role in the movie Nakkash|work=IWMBUZZ|accessdate=29 May 2019}}</ref>

==Personal life==

Tiwari was born in Basti (now Siddarthnagar, UP) into a strong political family. His love and passion for cinema has brought him to Mumbai. Pawan attended ST.Joseph School, Basti and later graduated from Delhi University. He is a diploma holder in Fashion Designing from IIFT, Delhi. He learned initial acting at summer courses from NSD and has acted in theaters before turning a professional.

==Career==

Tiwari has acted in multiple TV serials such as ''[[Do Dil Ek Jaan]]''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Pawan-Tiwari-to-enter-Life-OKs-Do-Dil-Ek-Jaan/movie-review/21652093.cms|title= Pawan Tiwari to enter Do Dil Ek Jaan|work=The Times of India|accessdate=19 March 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.tellychakkar.com/tv/tv-news/arshad-and-noor-get-married-life-oks-do-dil-ek-jaan|title= Pawan Tiwari in Do Dil Ek Jaan|work=Tellychakkar|accessdate=19 March 2015}}</ref> on [[Life Ok]], ''[[Piya Ka Ghar Pyaara Lage]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tvbasti.com/tvshow/Piya-Ka-Ghar-Pyaara-Lage/568/cast|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120311062110/http://www.tvbasti.com/tvshow/Piya-Ka-Ghar-Pyaara-Lage/568/cast|url-status=usurped|archive-date=11 March 2012|title= Pawan Tiwari in Piya Ka Ghar Pyaara Lage |work=tvbasti.com|accessdate=19 March 2015}}</ref> on [[Sahara One]], ''[[Haunted Nights]]'' and ''[[Kismat Connection]]''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.desitvbox.me/pawan-tiwari-to-be-seen-in-an-episodic-of-sahara-ones-kismat-connection/|title= Pawan Tiwari in Kismat Connection |work=desitvbox.me|accessdate=19 March 2015}}</ref> on [[Sahara One]], and ''[[Black (Indian TV series)|Black]]'' on [[9X (TV channel)|9X]]. He has also acted in films such as ''[[Pranali]]'' (2008) and ''[[Dozakh in Search of Heaven]]'' which is his first production venture. The film received attention when [[Amitabh Bachchan]] praised it.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Amitabh-Bachchan-showers-praises-on-Pawan-Tiwari/articleshow/46636048.cms|title= Amitabh Bachchan praises Dozakh |work=The Times of India|accessdate=20 April 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/i-am-emotionally-attached-to-dozakh-says-pawan-tiwari-hindi-news-128479|title= Pawan talks about Dozakh |work=indiaglitz.com|accessdate=20 April 2015}}</ref> His next film as an actor and producer was ''[[Alif (2016 film)|Alif]]'', which was released on 3 February 2017.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Pawan-Tiwari-gears-up-for-his-next-production/articleshow/55689373.cms|title=Pawan Tiwari gears up for his next production |website=The Times of India|access-date=2017-01-16}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/bollywood/110117/manoj-bajpayee-feels-unfortunate-for-not-part-of-the-film-alif.html|title=Manoj Bajpayee feels unfortunate for not being part of the film Alif}}</ref>''[[Nakkash]]'' is his third film as an actor/producer<ref name=aaz>{{cite web|url=https://www.facebook.com/pg/jalsapictures/about/|title=Jalsa Pictures|via=Facebook|accessdate=5 April 2018}}</ref> released on 31 May 2019.

==Filmography==
{|class="wikitable"
|+ Film
! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Year
! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Title
! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Role
! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Notes
|-
|2008
|''Pranali''
|Sultan's lawyer
|
|-
| 2013
|''[[Dozakh in Search of Heaven]]''
| Auto driver
| producer<ref name=aaz/>
|-
| 2017
|''[[Alif (2016 film)|Alif]]''
| LIU Officer
| producer<ref name=aaz/>
|-
| 2019
|''[[Nakkash]]''
| Munna Bhaiya
|Producer.<ref name="IWMBUZZ"/>
|}

{|class="wikitable"
|+ Television
! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Year
! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Title
! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Role
! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Notes
|-
|
| ''[[Do Dil Ek Jaan]]''
| Arshad
|
|-
|
|''[[Piya Ka Ghar Pyaara Lage]]''
| Prakash
|
|-
|
|''[[CID (Indian TV series)]]''
|
|
|-
|
|''[[Haunted Nights]]''
|
|
|-
|
| ''Kismat Connection''
|
|
|-
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|''Black''
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|
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* {{IMDb name|3063352|Pawan Tiwari}}
* {{twitter |id= PawanOfficial19 | name= Pawan Tiwari}}
* {{instagram |id= pawantiwari_official | name= Pawan Tiwari}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Tiwari, Pawan}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:Film producers from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Indian male film actors]]
[[Category:Indian male television actors]]
[[Category:People from Basti]]
[[Category:Male actors from Uttar Pradesh]]

Bina Sheth Lashkari

2026-02-06T06:06:49Z

Frederickdube: minor update

{{short description|Indian Doorstep school founder in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2022}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Bina Sheth Lashkari
| image = Bina Sheth Lashkari (Maharashtra), at the presentation of Stree Shakti Puraskar 2013 on International Women’s Day, at Rashtrapati Bhavan (cropped).jpg
| caption = in 2013
| birth_name =
| birth_date =
| birth_place =
| death_date =
| death_place =
| death_cause =
| other_names =
| known_for = starting a Doorstep School
| education =
| employer =
| occupation =
| spouse =
| partner =
| children =
| parents =
| relatives =
| signature =
| website =
| footnotes =
}}
'''Bina Sheth Lashkari''' is an Indian Doorstep school founder in India. Over 30 years she has helped to organise the education of 100,000 children in Mumbai. In 2013 she was awarded the [[Stree Shakti Puraskar]].

==Life==
Laskari took her first degree in [[child psychology]].

She started her work when she founded her first school in Cuffe Parade in [[Colaba]] in 1988. At the time children from the slums could only look on as richer children went off to posh schools. She originally had 25 children and their [[Banjara]] parents were working for low wages gutting fish.<ref name=mmi/> She had been inspired to the idea while she was taking her master's degree in social work. She had visited the local school and she was surprised to find that children were leaving after her three or four years. Visiting the children's parent she found that the children were already an essential part of their families wage earning. They could not be spared if the family was to survive. With the assistance of Rajani Paranjape she started a school that could be on their doorstep.<ref name=better/>

[[File:Pranab Mukherjee presenting the “Mata Jijabai Award” to Smt. Bina Sheth Lashkari (Maharashtra), at the presentation of Stree Shakti Puraskar 2013 on the occasion of International Women’s Day, at Rashtrapati Bhavan.jpg|thumb|left|Pranab Mukherjee presenting the "Mata Jijabai Award" to Smt. Bina Sheth Lashkari (Maharashtra), at the presentation of Stree Shakti Puraskar 2013 on the occasion of International Women’s Day, at Rashtrapati Bhavan]]
On [[International Women’s Day]] in 2013 the President of India [[Pranab Mukherjee]] presented her with the [[Stree Shakti Puraskar]]. The award was one of six made in New Delhi at the Presidential Palace - [[Rashtrapati Bhavan]]. She was nominated by the state of [[Maharashtra]] for her work in education and training.<ref name=six>{{Cite web|url=https://pib.gov.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=104539|title=President Confers Stree Shakti Puruskar on International Women's Day|website=pib.gov.in|access-date=2020-04-20}}</ref>

In 2016 the Duke and Duchess of Cambridge visited her in [[Mumbai]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MqVIOEzSBhA|title=Duke & Duchess of Cambridge with Door Step School Mumbai team|via=Youtube|date=23 June 2016|author=Door Step School NGO|accessdate=23 June 2022}}</ref> That year the school's campaign had led to the naming of streets after their pupils. Previously unnamed streets in three areas of Mumbai were named after their students. The objective is to inspire other students to gain an education and have ambition.<ref name=better>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thebetterindia.com/55594/slum-kids-road-naming-doorstep-school-mumbai-rajani-paranjpe-bina-lashkari/|title=This NGO is Motivating Slum Kids to Stay in School By Naming Alleys and Streets After Them|date=2016-05-19|website=The Better India|language=en-US|access-date=2020-04-19}}</ref>

In 2019 it was estimated that over the 31 years she has helped to organise the education of 100,000 children in Mumbai. By that time the school had seven yellow school buses with school equipment inside them. Each of them stops four times each day for two and a half hours, so each bus is teaching 100 children each day.<ref name="mmi">{{Cite web|url=https://www.thebetterindia.com/202767/mumbai-free-school-for-poor-slum-kids-school-on-wheels-students-hero/|title=From Doorstep to On Wheels: How This Woman Taught Over 1 Lakh Slum Kids in 30 Yrs|date=2019-11-12|website=The Better India|language=en-US|access-date=2020-04-19}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Nari Shakti Puraskar}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Lashkari, Bina Sheth}}
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian women academics]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian women educators]]
[[Category:Nari Shakti Puraskar winners]]
[[Category:People from Mumbai]]

Cheepurupalli revenue division

2026-01-29T17:02:14Z

Frederickdube: adding the entry added tags

{{Short description|Revenue division in Andhra Pradesh, India}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}
{{infobox settlement
| name = Cheepurupalli revenue division
| settlement_type =[[revenue division]] in [[Vizianagaram district]]
| image_map =
| map_caption = Cheepurupalli revenue division in Vizianagaram district
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{IND}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Andhra Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts in Andhra Pradesh|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Vizianagaram district|Vizianagaram]]
| established_title = Formed
| established_date = 4 April 2022
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset = +05:30
| founder = [[Government of Andhra Pradesh]]
}}

'''Cheepurupalli revenue division''' is an [[administrative division]] in the [[Vizianagaram district]] of the [[Indian state]] of [[Andhra Pradesh]]. It is one of the [[List of revenue divisions in Andhra Pradesh|three revenue divisions]] in the district and comprises nine [[mandals]]. It was formed on 4 April 2022 by the [[Y. S. Jagan Mohan Reddy]]-led [[Government of Andhra Pradesh]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-03-30 |title=New districts to come into force on April 4 |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/new-districts-to-come-into-force-on-april-4/article65274658.ece |access-date=2022-04-06 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=3 April 2022 |title=New AP Map: Check Out Biggest and Smallest Districts in Andhra Pradesh |url=https://english.sakshi.com/news/andhrapradesh/heres-how-new-ap-map-looks-after-districts-reorganization-153041 |access-date=24 May 2022 |website=[[Sakshi Post]] |language=en}}</ref>

== Administration ==
The revenue division comprises nine mandals: Cheepurupalli, [[Garividi mandal|Garividi]], Gurla, Merakamudidam, Nellamerla, Rajam, Regidi Amadalavalasa, Santhakaviti and Vangara.<ref name=":0" />

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Vizianagaram district}}

{{coord missing|Andhra Pradesh}}

[[Category:2022 establishments in Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Revenue divisions in Vizianagaram district]]

{{Vizianagaram-geo-stub}}

Mohammad Majid Hussain

2026-01-12T19:30:09Z

Frederickdube:

{{short description|Mayor of Hyderabad (2012 -2015)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2020}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Mohammad Majid Hussain
| image = Mohammad Majid Hussain (cropped).jpg
| caption = Hussain in 2012
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1980|04|09|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh|Hyderabad]], [[Telangana]], India
| alma_mater = [[Osmania University]]
| residence = [[Hyderabad, India|Hyderabad]], [[Telangana]], India
| nationality = Indian
| death_date =
| death_place =
| office = [[Member of Legislative Assembly (India)|Member of Legislative Assembly]], [[Telangana Legislative Assembly|Telangana]]
| termstart = 3 December 2023
| termend =
| preceded = [[Jaffer Hussain]]
| successor =
| constituency = [[Nampally Assembly constituency|Nampally]]
| office1 = 2nd [[List of mayors of Hyderabad|Mayor of Hyderabad]]
| term_start1 = 4 January 2012
| term_end1 = 7 May 2014
| predecessor1 = [[Banda Karthika Reddy]]
| successor1 = [[Bonthu Ram Mohan]]
| constituency1 = [[Ahmed Nagar]]
| 2blankname1 = Deputy
| 2namedata1 = G. Rajkumar
| party = [[All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen]]
| spouse =
| children =
}}

'''Mohammad Majid Hussain''' (born 9 April 1980) is an Indian politician who is currently the Member of the [[Telangana Legislative Assembly]] representing the [[Nampally Assembly constituency]] and [[corporator]] of [[Mehdipatnam]] ward of the [[Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=Telangana State Election Commission|first=Telangana Gazette|title=Election Results of all the Wards of GHMC|url=https://tsec.gov.in/pdf/circular_gos/Gazette-Elected_Candidates_Names_236.pdf}}</ref>

He was the former [[Mayor]] of [[Hyderabad]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/generalnewsfeed/news/new-mayor-for-hyderabad/945803.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120112103803/http://ibnlive.in.com/generalnewsfeed/news/new-mayor-for-hyderabad/945803.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=12 January 2012 |title=New mayor for Hyderabad, IBN Live News |publisher=Ibnlive.in.com |date=3 January 2012 |accessdate=24 February 2013}}</ref> and belongs to the [[All India Majlis-e Ittihad al-Muslimin|All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul-Muslimeen]] party.

==Early life and family==
Majid Hussain's schooling was at St Theresa's School, Humayun Nagar and [[Junior college|intermediate]] at Sultan Uloom College, [[Banjara Hills]]. He graduated from Anwar Uloom College, [[Mallepally]] in [[Bachelor of Computer Applications]].<ref name=":1" />

Hussain initially worked as an Executive with [[HSBC]] in the migration and credit card division. After working for 5 years, he left his job and plunged into active politics. Both Majid's father and mother are retired gazetted officers. His father, MH Maqsood is a retired physical director and was Chairman of the AP selection committee of handball, while his mother Qaisar Jahan, headmistress of the Government Girls High School, First Lancer. Majid's brother Mohammed Shakir Hussain, who is a software professional, stays in the [[United States|US]].<ref name=":1">{{cite news |title=First time corporator Majid is city mayor |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/First-time-corporator-Majid-is-city-mayor/articleshow/11359146.cms |accessdate=4 January 2012 |work=[[The Times of India]]|date=4 January 2012 }}</ref>

==Political career==
Majid Hussain was hand-picked by the AIMIM President [[Asaduddin Owaisi]] and became the [[Corporator]] of Ahmednagar division in the 2009 [[GHMC]] Municipal elections.

On 4 January 2012, Majid's candidature as [[GHMC]] [[Mayor]] was proposed by [[All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen|AIMIM's]] Doodhbowli corporator MA Ghaffar and was supported by the former mayor [[Banda Karthika Reddy]]. In a span of 15 minutes, the election process was completed and 31-year-old Hussain was declared the new mayor of [[GHMC]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/mims-hussain-elected-mayor-of-hyderabad-434021.html | title=MIM's Hussain elected Mayor of Hyderabad | publisher= news18.com | accessdate= 4 January 2012}}</ref> After a gap of 12 years MIM had succeeded in installing its own mayor in the city with Hussain being the youngest mayor the city had.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://gulfnews.com/world/asia/india/hussain-becomes-youngest-mayor-of-hyderabad-1.961464 | title=Hussain becomes youngest mayor of Hyderabad | date=5 January 2012 | publisher= gulfnews.com | accessdate= 5 January 2012}}</ref>

On 7 March 2014 citing instructions from his party, Hussain had submitted his resignation. This move was presented as honouring the agreement with [[Indian Congress|Congress]] on seat-sharing but it was widely speculated that Hussain was being readied to contest from one of the Assembly constituencies in the city. Amid high drama, and apparently driven by political equations emerging ahead of the Assembly elections, the resignation of Mayor Majid Hussain was rejected by the GHMC's General Council.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/mayors-resignation-rejected/article5820010.ece | title= Mayor's resignation rejected | work=The Hindu| date= 22 March 2014 | accessdate= 23 March 2014}}</ref>

Majid Hussain won as the [[Corporator]] of [[Mehdipatnam]] division in the 2016 [[GHMC]] Municipal elections.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.newsx.com/national/19927-trs-scores-landslide-win-in-hyderabad-polls-tdp-bjp-washed-out | title= TRS scores landslide win in Hyderabad polls, TDP-BJP washed out | publisher= newsx.com | accessdate= 5 February 2016}}</ref> During the [[2018 Telangana Legislative Assembly election|2018 Telangana Assembly elections]], Majid Hussain was made the Election in-charge of [[Nampally Assembly constituency|Nampally constituency]] in which AIMIM won the seat.

In [[2020 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2020 Bihar General Elections]], Majid Hussain was again made the election in-charge where AIMIM won 5 seats.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thequint.com/news/politics/aimim-owaisi-seemanchal-akhtarul-iman-bihar-election-results-2020#read-more | title= AIMIM Bags 5 Seats in Bihar: 'Win for Seemanchal,' Says Owaisi | work=The Quint| date= 10 November 2020 | accessdate= 11 November 2020}}</ref>

Hussain was again elected as the [[Corporator]] of [[Mehdipatnam]] in the [[2020 Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation election|2020 GHMC Municipal Elections]].<ref name=":0" />

Hussain was declared as the [[AIMIM]] candidate from the [[Nampally Assembly constituency|Nampally constituency]] in the [[2023 Telangana Legislative Assembly election]]<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mohammed |first=Syed |date=2023-11-03 |title=AIMIM to contest in nine constituencies in Hyderabad |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/telangana-assembly/aimim-to-contest-in-nine-constituencies-in-hyderabad/article67492987.ece |access-date=2023-11-14 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> which he subsequently won by narrowly defeating [[Indian National Congress|Congress]] candidate Mohammed Feroz Khan and replaced incumbent [[Jaffer Hussain]] who instead became MLA of [[Yakutpura Assembly constituency|Yakhutpura constituency]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Election Commission of India |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/AcResultGenDecNew2023/candidateswise-S2963.htm |access-date=2023-12-04 |website=results.eci.gov.in}}</ref>

== Controversies==

'''Clash with Congress Leader Feroz Khan (October 2024):'''

In October 2024, a violent altercation occurred between supporters of Majid Hussain and Congress leader Feroz Khan in the Humayun Nagar area of [[Nampally Assembly constituency|Nampally]]. The confrontation escalated over a dispute regarding the construction of a cement-concrete road. Both parties engaged in stone-pelting and physical altercations, resulting in injuries to several individuals. The incident drew significant media attention and raised concerns about political tensions in the region.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-10-08 |title=MIM, Cong cadre clash in Nampally |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/violence-erupts-between-aimim-and-congress-cadres-in-nampally/articleshow/114023464.cms |access-date=2025-02-12 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

== External links ==
* [http://www.ghmc.gov.in/ GHMC site]
* [https://archive.today/20141212130142/http://www.aimim.org.in/staff/mohammad-majid-hussain/ Mohammad Majid Hussain] at [[AIMIM]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Hussain, Mohammed Majid}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:21st-century mayors of places in India]]
[[Category:Mayors of Hyderabad, India]]
[[Category:Politicians from Hyderabad, India]]
[[Category:Indian Muslims]]
[[Category:All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen politicians]]
[[Category:1980 births]]

First Battle of Lohgarh

2026-01-11T22:30:12Z

Frederickdube: adding first info and citations

{{short description|1710 battle of the Mughal–Sikh Wars}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
{{Infobox military conflict
| conflict = First Battle of Lohgarh
| partof = the [[Mughal–Sikh wars]]
| image =
| caption =
| date = December 1710
| place = [[Lohgarh (Bilaspur)|Lohgarh, Bilaspur]]
| territory =
| result = [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] victory<ref name="village">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=06k5ygAACAAJ|title=Dictionary of Battles and Sieges|page=595|author= Jacques, Tony|year=2007|publisher=Greenwood Press|isbn=978-0-313-33536-5}}</ref> 
* Mughals capture Lohgarh after a long siege
* [[Banda Singh Bahadur]] escapes the battlefield
| combatant1 = [[File:Sikh_flag.jpg|25px]] [[Khalsa]]
| combatant2 = [[File:Alam of the Mughal Empire.svg|30px]] [[Mughal Empire]]
* [[Rohilla]]s
* [[Baloch people|Balochs]]
* [[Bharatpur State|Jats]]
* [[File:Flag of the Princely State of Panna.svg|25px]] [[Panna State|Bundelkhand]]
| commander1 = [[File:Sikh_flag.jpg|25px]] [[Banda Singh Bahadur]]
| commander2 = [[File:Alam of the Mughal Empire.svg|25px]] [[Bahadur Shah I|Bahadur Shah]] 
* [[File:Alam of the Mughal Empire.svg|25px]] [[Rafi-ush-Shan|Rafi-us-Shan]]
* [[File:Alam of the Mughal Empire.svg|25px]] Kanwar Khan
* [[File:Alam of the Mughal Empire.svg|25px]] [[Munim Khan II]]
* [[File:Alam of the Mughal Empire.svg|25px]] Udet Singh Bundela
* [[File:Alam of the Mughal Empire.svg|25px]] Mahabat Khan
* [[File:Alam of the Mughal Empire.svg|25px]] Khan Zaman
* [[File:Flag of the Princely State of Panna.svg|25px]] Chatarsal Bundela
* [[File:Alam of the Mughal Empire.svg|25px]] Islam Khan Mir Atish
* [[File:Alam of the Mughal Empire.svg|25px]] Hamid-ud-din
* [[File:Flag of Bharatpur1.png|20px]] Churaman Jat
* [[File:Alam of the Mughal Empire.svg|25px]] Azim-us-Shan
* [[File:Alam of the Mughal Empire.svg|25px]] Jahan Shah
* [[File:Alam of the Mughal Empire.svg|25px]] Mir Mubarak Allah Iradat Khan<ref name="madra" />
| strength2 = 60,000 [[sowar|cavalry]]<ref name="village"/><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Singh |first1=Patwant |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Vr4VAQAAIAAJ |title=Empire of the Sikhs: The Life and Times of Maharaja Ranjit Singh |last2=Rai |first2=Jyoti M. |date=2008 |publisher=Peter Owen |isbn=978-0-7206-1323-0 |pages=46 |language=en}}</ref>
| strength1 = 2,000–3,000 [[sowar|cavalry]] {{citation needed|date=May 2024}}
}}
{{Campaignbox Mughal-Sikh Wars}}

The '''First Battle of Lohgarh''' was fought between the [[Sikhs]], and the [[Mughal Empire]] in 1710.<ref name="madra">{{Cite book |last1=Madra |first1=Amandeep Singh |title=Sicques, Tigers or Thieves: Eyewitness Accounts of the Sikhs (1606-1810) |last2=Singh |first2=P. |publisher=Springer |year=2016 |isbn=9781137119988 |pages=302}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Nijhawan |first=P. K. |title=Sri Guru Gobind Geeta: Guru Gobind Singh's Dialogue of Destiny with Banda |publisher=Army Educational Stores |year=1985 |pages=143}}</ref> The [[Mughal emperors|Mughal emperor]] [[Bahadur Shah I|Bahadur Shah]]'s army moved towards [[Lohgarh (Bilaspur)|Lohgarh, Bilaspur]]<ref name=":0" /> where they engaged with the Sikhs to capture the fort on 16 December 1710.<ref name="village"/> The battle is noted for its use of guerrilla tactics and being a [[pitched battle]].<ref>{{Cite book |title=The Sikh Review |publisher=Sikh Cultural Centre |year=2006 |volume=54 |location=Calcutta, India |pages=43–44 |issue=1–6; 625–630}}</ref><ref name=Gupta>{{Cite book |last=Gupta |first=Hari Ram|url=https://archive.org/details/HistoryOfTheSikhsVol.IiEvolutionOfSikhConfederacies1707-69/page/n41/mode/2up|title=History Of The Sikhs Vol. II Evolution Of Sikh Confederacies (1707-69)|year=1978|pages=17-21}}</ref><ref name=Gandhi1999>{{cite book|title=Sikhs In The Eighteenth Century|author=Surjit Singh Gandhi|url=https://archive.org/details/SikhsInTheEighteenthCentury/page/49/mode/2up|publisher=Singh Bros.|year=1999|isbn=9788172052171|pages=41-46}}</ref><ref name="Ganda Singh Banda Singh Bahadur">{{cite book |last1=Singh |first1=Ganda |title=Life of Banda Singh Bahadur: Based on Contemporary and Original Records |publisher=The Sikh History Research Department, Khalsa College, Amritsar |year=1935 |location=Amritsar|page=124-135}}</ref>

==Background==
In January 1709, after defeating and killing his only surviving brother, [[Kam Bakhsh]], Emperor [[Bahadur Shah I|Bahadur Shah]] dedicated about a year in the Deccan to organize his rule. However,<ref name="Ganda Singh Banda Singh Bahadur"/><ref name=Gandhi1999/><ref name=Gupta/> as several Rajput princes rebelled in Rajasthan, he moved there in May 1710. While stationed in Ajmer, news of an uprising by the Sikhs in the Punjab reached him, compelling him to swiftly settle disputes with the Rajputs and set off for the Punjab by late June.<ref name="Ganda Singh Banda Singh Bahadur"/><ref name=Gandhi1999/><ref name=Gupta/>

His march was bolstered by prominent Hindu chiefs like [[Chhatrasal|Chatarsal Bundela]] and Udet Singh Bundela, while governors from regions such as [[Allahabad]], Lucknow, Moradabad, Delhi, and even Sayyid Abdullah of Barah Sadat in Muzaffarnagar were instructed to join his forces. In July, he appointed [[Zain ud-Din Ahmed Khan|Zain-ud-din Ahmad Khan]] as Governor of Sarhind,<ref name="Ganda Singh Banda Singh Bahadur"/><ref name=Gandhi1999/><ref name=Gupta/> but by August, [[Firoz Khan Mewati]] was entrusted with leading the advance guard. Soon, Muhammad Amin Khan, the Governor of Moradabad, and his son [[Qamar-ud-din Khan]] (both future prime ministers of Delhi) reinforced the emperor’s ranks in Haryana, while another contingent under Sayyid Wajih-ud-din Khan from Barah Sadat bolstered Firoz Khan’s forces. With a decree barring any movement in or out of Delhi, and with Kokaltash Khan taking charge of [[Sonipat]], the camp even had all its Hindu members shave their heads in early September to eliminate any resemblance to the Sikhs.<ref name="Ganda Singh Banda Singh Bahadur"/><ref name=Gandhi1999/><ref name=Gupta/>

As more Muslim chiefs and jagirdars joined along the way, with Churaman Jat of Bharatpur reporting for duty near Delhi, the emperor, anxious over the mounting threats, bypassed his capital and marched directly to Sonipat in late October. There he learned of engagements with the Sikhs: [[Nawab Feroz Khan|Firoz Khan Mewati]] had clashed with Binod Singh at Amin, north of Kamal, and triumphantly presented 300 Sikh heads to the emperor. This victory earned him one lakh rupees and a reassignment as Governor of [[Sirhind]], replacing [[Zain ud-Din Ahmed Khan|Zain-ud-din Ahmad Khan]]. Firoz Khan’s subsequent victories at [[Taraori]] and [[Thanesar]], where he subdued [[Binod Singh]] and Ram Singh and set up military posts, saw hundreds of Sikh heads displayed along the roads, and he eventually advanced to capture Shahabad. In November, the emperor’s rapid campaign carried him through [[Panipat]], [[Karnal]], [[Thanesar]], and Shahabad before encamping at Barara, covering considerable ground in a month.<ref name="Ganda Singh Banda Singh Bahadur"/><ref name=Gandhi1999/><ref name=Gupta/> By early December, he reached Sadhaura, which became his operational base, receiving another set of 300 Sikh heads from Shams Khan of Sarhind and ordering Firoz Khan Mewati to restore imperial authority in the countryside.

Meanwhile, Bahadur Shah prepared an assault on Banda’s stronghold at Lohgarh. Plagued by rumors that Banda wielded supernatural powers—rumored to be capable of diverting bullets, rendering swords ineffective, and promising that fallen warriors would be reborn in higher ranks—the imperial troops were gripped by terror. A formidable force under Rustamdil Khan left [[Sadhaura]] to assess Banda’s defenses, only to be ambushed by Sikh fighters nearby. Contemporary accounts describe a chaotic battle in which the Sikhs, clad in the simple attire of ascetics, inflicted severe casualties on the imperial ranks, including the death of a nephew of Firoz Khan Mewati and injury to his son, while Banda’s forces suffered the loss of 1,500 men and two key leaders. Adding to the turmoil, relentless rains and bitter cold over several days caused widespread illness among soldiers and decimated many horses, a misfortune the troops attributed to Banda’s sorcery. In response, a substantial force led by Prince [[Rafi-us-Shan]], the emperor’s son, was dispatched to support Rustamdil Khan. Eyewitnesses later noted that the Sikhs repeatedly emerged from their fortifications to confront the imperial troops, only to be overwhelmed by the resolute Ghazis. For his achievements, Rustamdil Khan was elevated to a rank of 4,000 Zat and 3,000 Sawar and honored with the title Ghazi Khan Rustam-e-Jang.<ref name="Ganda Singh Banda Singh Bahadur"/><ref name=Gandhi1999/><ref name=Gupta/>

==Siege==
Rustamdil Khan advanced further until he reached the Som stream. From this point, he could clearly see the fort of [[Lohgarh (Bilaspur)|Lohgarh]], which dominated the hilltop. A thick, eerie forest lay between the stream and the fort, its nighttime sounds adding to the sense of foreboding.<ref name="Ganda Singh Banda Singh Bahadur"/><ref name=Gandhi1999/><ref name=Gupta/> On December 9, 1710, the imperial forces established their camp near this location. The responsibility of protecting the royal encampment was entrusted to Prime Minister Munim Khan and his son, Mahabat Khan.<ref name="Ganda Singh Banda Singh Bahadur"/><ref name=Gandhi1999/><ref name=Gupta/>

The very next day, December 10, 1710, a massive army of 60,000 soldiers moved forward in a well-organized formation designed to completely encircle the fort. The right flank was led by Wazir Munim Khan, his son Mahabat Khan, and [[Chatarsal|Chatarsal Bundela]], while the left was commanded by Det Singh Bundela and Churaman Jat. Rustamdil Khan took charge of the center.<ref name="Ganda Singh Banda Singh Bahadur"/><ref name=Gandhi1999/><ref name=Gupta/> As the Mughal forces approached within the effective range of the Sikh artillery, they were subjected to a relentless barrage of cannon fire. The attackers then managed to enter the fort’s trenches at the base of the hill. Despite the determined efforts of the Sikh defenders, they were overwhelmed and forced to retreat upward. This fierce confrontation resulted in heavy casualties on both sides, including significant losses among Muslim ranks.<ref name="Ganda Singh Banda Singh Bahadur"/><ref name=Gandhi1999/><ref name=Gupta/>

[[Lohgarh (Bilaspur)|Lohgarh]] itself was a small fort, with limited capacity to store the large amounts of grain and fodder needed for a prolonged defense. With supplies rapidly dwindling, the enemy had even resorted to purchasing extra provisions from local traders and hauling them up the hill with ropes. Confronted with these dire circumstances, Banda decided that escape was the only viable option.<ref name="Ganda Singh Banda Singh Bahadur"/><ref name=Gandhi1999/><ref name=Gupta/>

In an intriguing twist, a Sikh by the name of Gulab Singh bore a striking resemblance to [[Banda Singh Bahadur]]. Seizing the opportunity, he donned Banda’s clothes and assumed his identity. Then, at about 3 a.m. on December 11, 1710, a large tamarind tree trunk at the lower part of the hill was rigged with gunpowder. At the same time, the fort’s cannons were prepared to fire in unison. As the explosion from the trunk erupted and the cannons discharged, the ensuing chaos allowed Banda and his men to slip away unnoticed, eventually vanishing into the Sarmur hills.<ref name="Ganda Singh Banda Singh Bahadur"/><ref name=Gandhi1999/><ref name=Gupta/> From [[Sirmur State|Sarmur]], Banda’s route led him across the lower stretches of the [[Shiwalik hills]]. His journey took him through several regions—first Hindur (Nalagarh), then Kahlur (Bilaspur), followed by Kutjehr, Jaswan, Siba, and Nurpur—until he finally reached Chamba.<ref name="Ganda Singh Banda Singh Bahadur"/><ref name=Gandhi1999/><ref name=Gupta/>

As dawn broke on December 11, 1710, the imperial troops launched a renewed and vigorous attack on the fort. Inside, Gulab Singh and his group continued to fire on the approaching enemy, but the Mughal soldiers kept ascending the hill. In the confusion that followed, Gulab Singh and thirty of his men were captured. Additionally, several women and children from a nearby village, who had sought refuge in the fort, were also taken as prisoners. The spoils recovered from the fort were considerable: the enemy had seized numerous horses and camels, five elephants, three heavy cannons, and seventeen lighter guns, along with various muskets and swords. Among these treasures were also a canopy supported by silver poles, gold and silver coins valued at eight lakhs of rupees, and underground gold coins worth another twenty lakhs of rupees.<ref name="Ganda Singh Banda Singh Bahadur"/><ref name=Gandhi1999/><ref name=Gupta/>

==Aftermath==
The imperial camp initially erupted in celebration over what appeared to be a major victory. On December 12, 1710, a grand durbar was held where many commanders were honored. However, the jubilation quickly turned to dismay when it was revealed that the real Banda had escaped, and the man captured was merely his look-alike, a situation famously summarized by Khafi Khan as "the hawk had flown and an owl had been caught." The revelation cast a pall over the camp, and a somber mood took hold.<ref name="Ganda Singh Banda Singh Bahadur"/><ref name=Gandhi1999/><ref name=Gupta/>

The Emperor, displeased by the turn of events, summoned Prime Minister [[Munim Khan]] and reprimanded him severely. The rebuke affected [[Munim Khan]] deeply; he soon fell ill and died roughly two and a half months later while the Emperor was stationed at [[Badhauli]] near [[Sadhaura]] on his journey to [[Lahore]].<ref name="Ganda Singh Banda Singh Bahadur"/><ref name=Gandhi1999/><ref name=Gupta/> Gulab Singh was confined in an iron cage, transported to Delhi, and imprisoned in the Red Fort. Meanwhile, Gulab Singh’s thirty companions were executed by beheading. Adding to the grim tally, Muhammad Khan arrived from Sarhind bearing six cartloads of severed Sikh heads as a grisly offering to the Emperor.<ref name="Ganda Singh Banda Singh Bahadur"/><ref name=Gandhi1999/><ref name=Gupta/><ref>{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=Jagjit |title=Percussions of History |publisher=Nānakshāhī |year=1981 |pages=129}}</ref>
==References==
{{reflist}}
[[Category:Battles involving the Sikhs|Lohgarh]]
[[Category:Battles involving the Mughal Empire|Lohgarh]]
[[Category:Conflicts in 1710|Lohgarh]]
[[Category:1710 in India]]
[[Category:1710s in the Mughal Empire]]

Rehwa Society

2026-01-09T01:27:57Z

Frederickdube: Put up data

{{Short description|Indian not-for-profit foundation}}
[[File:Looms at Rehwa society, Maheshwari handloom sarees weavers society, Maheshwar.jpg|thumb|200px|Looms at Rehwa Society, Maheshwari handloom sarees, Maheshwar]]
'''Rehwa Society''' is a not-for-profit foundation, working with weavers in [[Maheshwar]], [[Madhya Pradesh]]. Established in 1978, by Richard and Sally Holkar as a weaver's [[society]]. It is known for its Maheshwar [[saree]]s, in silk and cotton.

==History==
[[File:Maheshwar fort.JPG|thumb|left|210px|Ahilya Fort at Maheshwar, where the Rehwa Society is located]]
The weaving history at Maheshwar, dates back to Maharani [[Ahilyabai Holkar]], the ruler of princely [[Indore State]] from 1765 to 1795. She brought in weavers from [[Surat]] in Gujarat and [[Mandu, Madhya Pradesh]] and established them at Maheshwar, to weave special nine-yard [[sari]]s ([[Navvari sari]]s) for the ladies of royal household, and turban fabric.<ref name=om/><ref name=bus03>
{{cite web| title = The shuttling looms of Maheshwar |publisher=The Hindu Business Line| url =http://www.thehindubusinessline.in/2003/07/01/stories/2003070100531800.htm |date=Jul 1, 2003| accessdate = 2014-02-16}}</ref>
[[File:Handicraft shops at Dastkar Nature Bazaar, Mehrauli.JPG|thumb|170px|Rehwa Society outlet (left) at [[Dastkar]] Nature Bazaar, Mehrauli, Delhi ]]
The tradition was revived, when the Rehwa Society was founded in 1978, by Richard Holkar of [[Holkar]] dynasty and his wife Sally Holkar. Using a grant from the Indian Central Welfare Board, they started with eight looms and eight women weavers from the local Meru community. It is situated within the Ahilya Fort at Maheshwar, on the banks of the [[Narmada River]]. Over the years the society has expanded to 250 weavers, most of them women and 110 looms. It is known for weaving Maheshwari sarees and fabric in cotton and silk.<ref name=om>{{cite book|title=Omkareshwar and Maheshwar: Travel Guide|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_0RpUoGiou4C&pg=PA76|year=2011|publisher=Goodearth Publications|isbn=978-93-80262-24-6|pages=76–77}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title = Romantic Maheshwar: Maheshwar Madhya Pradesh |publisher=Conde Nast Traveller, CNN Traveller| url = http://www.cntraveller.in/content/romantic-maheshwar| accessdate = 2014-02-16 }}</ref>

Sally Holkar managed the society till 2003, when we established WomenWeave Charitable Trust, also based in Maheshwar.<ref>
{{cite web | title = Being Sally Holkar |work= The Hindu| url = http://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/being-sally-holkar/article2790243.ece |date=January 11, 2012| accessdate = 2014-02-14 }}</ref> Thereafter, Mira Sagar who has worked with Rehwa for 20 years, remained the director of Rehwa Society, before starting her own line in 2012.<ref name=spell/><ref>{{cite web | title = Rich new weaves |work= The Hindu| url = http://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/fashion/rich-new-weaves/article3717216.ece |date=August 2, 2012| accessdate = 2014-02-16}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title = Weaving a silken success |publisher=The New Indian Express| url = http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/kochi/article585669.ece#.UwDpgtKSyAo | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140303183328/http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/kochi/article585669.ece#.UwDpgtKSyAo | url-status = dead | archive-date = March 3, 2014 |date= August 9, 2012| accessdate = 2014-02-16 }}</ref>

Today, Rehwa Society has retail outlets in cities like New Delhi and Mumbai, and in 2003 has a turnover of {{INR Convert|1.5|c}}.<ref name=bus03/> Since the society is non-profit, the profits are used in employee welfare. A small colony of 45 houses has been built for the employees, which the weavers paid through their work. Besides a school till eighth standard and a creche has also been built.<ref name=spell>{{cite web | title = Weaves cast a spell| url = http://www.hindu.com/mag/2008/03/02/stories/2008030250110500.htm | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080516234537/http://www.hindu.com/mag/2008/03/02/stories/2008030250110500.htm | url-status = dead | archive-date = May 16, 2008 |date= March 2, 2008| work = [[The Hindu]]| accessdate = 2014-02-16}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Khadi]]
* [[Khādī Development and Village Industries Commission]] ([[Khadi Gramodyog]])

== References ==
{{Reflist|2}}

==External links==
* [https://rehwasociety.org/index.html Rehwa Society, Official website]

[[Category:Cooperatives in India]]
[[Category:Handloom industry in India]]
[[Category:1979 establishments in Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Organizations established in 1979]]
[[Category:Non-profit organisations based in India]]
[[Category:Organisations based in Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Khargone district]]

Chikkudu Vamshi Krishna

2025-12-24T19:20:54Z

Frederickdube: Made redirect

{{Short description|Indian politician (born 1964)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2024}}
'''Chikkudu Vamshi Krishna''' (born 1964) is an Indian politician from [[Telangana]]. He won the [[2023 Telangana Legislative Assembly election]] from [[Achampet Assembly constituency|Achampet Constituency]], reserved for SC community, in [[Nagarkurnool district]] on [[Indian National Congress]] ticket.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Chikkudu vamshi krishna telangana achampet candidate Profile, Candidates Net Worth, Education News {{!}} ABP न्यूज़ |url=https://www.abplive.com/elections/chikkudu-vamshi-krishna-telangana-achampet-candidate-profile.html |access-date=2024-04-20 |website=www.abplive.com |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Achampet Sc Election Results 2023, Achampet Sc Assembly Seat Leading Candidates with names |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/elections/telangana-assembly-elections/nagarkurnool/constituencies-achampet-sc |access-date=2024-04-20 |website=India TV News |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Livemint |date=2023-12-03 |title=Telangana Assembly Elections 2023 Results: Check full list of winners and losers |url=https://www.livemint.com/elections/assembly-elections/telangana-assembly-elections-2023-results-check-whos-winning-the-race-and-who-is-lagging-behind-11701433560839.html |access-date=2024-04-20 |website=mint |language=en}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Krishna is from Nagarkurnool district, Telangana. He is the son of late Balaiah. He married Anuradha, also a medical doctor, and together they have two children, Yeshwanth and Yekthamukhi. After completing his MBBS,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Chikkudu Vamshi Krishna, _PARTYABBR_ Candidate from Achampet Seat: Electoral History & Political Journey |url=https://www.news18.com/elections/telangana/chikkudu-vamshi-krishna-assembly-candidate-s29aed2008a082e2023c002/ |access-date=2024-04-20 |website=www.news18.com |language=en}}</ref> he studied post-graduation in surgery at the [[NTR University of Health Sciences]], Vijayawada, passing out in 1997.

== Career ==
Krishna is a senior Congress leader from late nineties. He contested as MLA from [[Achampet, Nagarkurnool district|Achampet]] in the [[1999 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1999 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly Election]] for the first time but lost to P. Ramulu of TDP by a margin of 12,346 votes. In the [[2004 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2004 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly Election]], he defeated the same candidate by 20,665 votes. Later, he contested the Achampet seat on Congress ticket but lost all the three elections in 2009, 2014<ref>{{Cite news |date=2014-04-07 |title=Telangana Congress releases candidates' list |url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/loksabha2014/telangana-congress-releases-candidates-list/article5883466.ece |access-date=2024-04-20 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> and 2018.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Chikkudu vamshi krishna telangana achampet candidate Profile, Candidates Net Worth, Education News {{!}} ABP Desam |url=https://telugu.abplive.com/elections/chikkudu-vamshi-krishna-telangana-achampet-candidate-profile.html |access-date=2024-04-20 |website=telugu.abplive.com |language=te}}</ref> In the [[2023 Telangana Legislative Assembly election|2023 Telangana Legislative Assembly Election]], he defeated [[Bharat Rashtra Samithi|BRS]] candidate [[Guvvala Balaraju]], to whom he lost in the previous two elections by a huge margin of 49,326 votes.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-12-03 |title=Telangana Assembly Election Results 2023: Full list of winners |url=https://www.cnbctv18.com/politics/telangana-assembly-election-results-2023-winners-list-constituency-brs-bjp-congress-aimim-18472071.htm/ |access-date=2024-04-20 |website=CNBCTV18 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Chikkudu Vamshi Krishna |url=https://www.electwise.in/politician/chikkudu-vamshi-krishna/ |access-date=2024-04-20 |website=Electwise |language=en}}</ref>[https://ceotelangana.nic.in/List%20of%20Elected%20Members/MLAs%20Addresses%20(Telangana)%20-%2024.05.2016.pdf]

He was appointed as [[Telangana Pradesh Congress Committee]] (TPCC) Vice President on 9 June 2025.<ref name="AICC appoints 27 VPs and 69 general secretaries for TPCC">{{cite news |last1= |first1= |date=9 June 2025 |title=AICC appoints 27 VPs and 69 general secretaries for TPCC |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/telangana/aicc-appoints-27-vps-and-69-general-secretaries-for-tpcc/article69676082.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250610054127/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/telangana/aicc-appoints-27-vps-and-69-general-secretaries-for-tpcc/article69676082.ece |archive-date=10 June 2025 |access-date=10 June 2025 |publisher=The Hindu |language=en-IN}}</ref>

Vamshi Krishna Was appointed as [[Nagarkurnool district|Nagarkurnool District]] Congress Committee (DCC) President on 22 November 2025.<ref name="Congress appoints new DCC presidents">{{cite news |last1= |first1= |date=22 November 2025 |title=Congress appoints new DCC presidents |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/telangana/new-dcc-presidents-appointed/article70312095.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251123141109/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/telangana/new-dcc-presidents-appointed/article70312095.ece |archive-date=23 November 2025 |access-date=23 November 2025 |publisher=The Hindu |language=en-IN}}</ref>

== Rare surgery ==
Krishna, who is a qualified surgeon, performed a surgery at the Achampet Government Hospital, along with his team and removed a 10-kg tumor from a woman's body, potentially saving her life.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-04-06 |title=Telangana MLA performs life-saving surgery on woman with 10 kg tumor |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/telangana/story/telangana-mla-chikkudu-vamshi-krishna-life-saving-surgery-woman-10-kg-tumor-2523942-2024-04-06 |access-date=2024-04-20 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Vamshi Krishna, Chikkudu}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Telangana]]
[[Category:1954 births]]
[[Category:Andhra Pradesh MLAs 2004–2009]]
[[Category:Telangana MLAs 2023–2028]]

Laxmangarh

2025-12-10T19:04:00Z

Frederickdube:

{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2019}} 
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Laxmangarh
| native_name = 
| native_name_lang =
| other_name = Lachhmangarh,
Lachhmangarh

| nickname =
| settlement_type = city
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Rajasthan
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Rajasthan, India
| coordinates = {{coord|27.8225|N|75.025278|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Rajasthan]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Sikar district|Sikar]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder = Rao Raja laxman Singh
| named_for =
| government_type = Democracy
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 424.24
| population_total = 302,956
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 332311
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = 91-1573
| registration_plate = RJ-23
| website =
| footnotes =
| official_name =
}}
'''Laxmangarh''' (official name: '''Lachhmangarh''')<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lachhmangarh Municipality City Population Census 2011-2025 {{!}} Rajasthan |url=https://www.census2011.co.in/data/town/800526-lachhmangarh-rajasthan.html |access-date=2025-12-10 |website=www.census2011.co.in}}</ref> is a town in the [[Sikar district]] of [[Rajasthan]] [[states of India|state]] in [[India]].<ref>Nagar Palika Laxmangarh [https://lsg.urban.rajasthan.gov.in/content/raj/udh/nagar-palika-laxmangarh/en/home.html#] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200111153342/http://lsg.urban.rajasthan.gov.in/content/raj/udh/nagar-palika-laxmangarh/en/home.html.html|date=11 January 2020}}। Retrieved on 25 June 2015.</ref> Laxmangarh is one of the largest city and tehsil of Sikar district.<ref>Current Affairs 2022 [https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Current_Affairs_2022_April_October_Usefu/Dp6TEAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Laxmangarh-Economic+-Bharatpedia&pg=PT41&printsec=frontcover] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250717140252/https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Current_Affairs_2022_April_October_Usefu/Dp6TEAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Laxmangarh-Economic+-Bharatpedia&pg=PT41&printsec=frontcover%2A|date=17 July 2025}}। Retrieved on 30 April 2022.</ref>

==History==
Laxmangarh was founded by [[Rao Raja]] [[Lachhman Singh of Sikar|Laxman Singh]] of Sikar Laxmangarh in 1862,<ref>RAJASTHAN GK. 50 DISTRICTS | ENGLISH MEDIUM: UPDATED EDITION 2024 [https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/RAJASTHAN_GK_50_DISTRICTS_ENGLISH_MEDIUM/DRAOEQAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Laxmangarh-Geography+-Bharatpedia&pg=PA17&printsec=frontcover] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250717133124/https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/RAJASTHAN_GK_50_DISTRICTS_ENGLISH_MEDIUM/DRAOEQAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Laxmangarh-Geography+-Bharatpedia&pg=PA17&printsec=frontcover|date=17 July 2025}}। Retrieved on 25 June 2024.</ref> from whom it derives its name.<ref>History [https://laxmangarh.in/history] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250613184248/https://laxmangarh.in/history|date=13 June 2025}}। Retrieved on 25 June 2022.</ref> The most prominent landmark is the Laxmangarh Fort, built by Raja Laxman Singh in the 19th century. The fort sits atop a hill and offers panoramic views of the town. As part of the Shekhawati region, Laxmangarh is renowned for its intricately painted havelis, constructed by wealthy merchants during the 18th and 19th centuries. These havelis showcase stunning fresco art and architecture, making the town an important cultural and historical site. Over time, Laxmangarh became a significant trade and commercial center, influencing its socio-economic growth. Among its notable attractions, the Laxmangarh Fort stands as a historic symbol, while the frescoed havelis, including the famous Podar Haveli, reflect the artistic heritage of Shekhawati. The Raghunathji Temple is another revered site, adding to the town's spiritual significance. Laxmangarh continues to preserve the grandeur of Shekhawati’s past, maintaining its importance as a historically rich and culturally vibrant town in Rajasthan in 1807.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Jain |first=kesharlal Ajmera |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.66091/ |title=The Jaipur Album Or All About Jaipur |date=1935 |pages=50}}</ref> He also built a fort there, now called [[Laxmangarh Fort]] and there is also a clock tower here, right in the middle of the market.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=About Sikar |url=http://ccbsikar.com/About%20Sikar.htm |access-date=3 August 2024 |website=www.ccbsikar.com}}</ref>
[[File:Char_Chauk_ki_Haveli_Laxmangarh_(Lacchmangarh).jpg|thumb|alt=haveli of char chok|Haveli of Char Chok]]

==Geography==
Laxmangarh is situated in the Sikar district of Rajasthan, India, approximately 30 km north of Sikar city and around 150 km from Jaipur, the state capital. The town is located in a semi-arid region, characterized by sandy plains and scattered hills.<ref>Analysis of Micro-regional Disparities in Rajasthan and Strategy for Development [https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Analysis_of_Micro_regional_Disparities_i/2dLsAAAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=Laxmangarh-Geography+-Bharatpedia&dq=Laxmangarh-Geography+-Bharatpedia&printsec=frontcover] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250717134256/https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Analysis_of_Micro_regional_Disparities_i/2dLsAAAAMAAJ|date=17 July 2025}}। Retrieved on 21 December 2009.</ref> It experiences an extreme climate, with hot summers from April to June, mild winters from December to February, and moderate monsoons from July to September. The region’s terrain consists of dry, arid land with occasional vegetation, making agriculture dependent on monsoon rains and irrigation systems. Its strategic location within the Shekhawati region has historically contributed to its development as a trade and cultural center.}.It has an average elevation of 222 metres (728 ft).[[File:Laxmangarh_fort.jpg|thumb|alt=Fort Fort|Laxmangarh Fort]]

==Architectural and cultural heritage==
Laxmangarh is famous for its fort and frescoed havelis, which attract history enthusiasts and tourists. Some of the most notable havelis include:

Poddar Haveli – Known for its beautifully restored fresco paintings.

Char Chowk Haveli – Featuring traditional Rajasthani architecture and artistic murals.

Kedia Haveli – A heritage mansion with intricate carvings and paintings.

Apart from its heritage structures, the town has religious sites like Raghunathji Temple, which is revered by locals and visitors alike.

==Economic and social aspects==
Historically, Laxmangarh was a bustling trade center due to its location on key trade routes. Today, it is a mix of traditional economy and modern development, with agriculture, local businesses, and educational institutions playing a crucial role. Many families from Laxmangarh have migrated to major cities in India and abroad, contributing to business and trade globally.

The town is also a center for education, with several schools and colleges. Many students from the surrounding villages come to Laxmangarh for schooling.{{cn|date=April 2025}}

==Tourism and attraction==
The Laxmangarh Fort, with its panoramic views and unique architectural style, is a major attraction.<ref>Art Culture and Heritage of Rajasthan Study Material With MCQ [https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Art_Culture_and_Heritage_of_Rajasthan_St/GWO-DwAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=%22Laxmangarh%22+-Bharatpedia&pg=PT123&printsec=frontcover] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250715101443/https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Art_Culture_and_Heritage_of_Rajasthan_St/GWO-DwAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=%22Laxmangarh%22+-Bharatpedia&pg=PT123&printsec=frontcover|date=15 July 2025}}। Retrieved on 25 June 2022.</ref> The town is also close to other historical sites in Shekhawati, including Mandawa, Fatehpur, and Nawalgarh, making it a great stop for heritage tourism.<ref>Rajasthan [https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Rajasthan/4EtuAAAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=%22Laxmangarh%22+-Bharatpedia&dq=%22Laxmangarh%22+-Bharatpedia&printsec=frontcover] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250717131214/https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Rajasthan/4EtuAAAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=%22Laxmangarh%22+-Bharatpedia&dq=%22Laxmangarh%22+-Bharatpedia&printsec=frontcover|date=17 July 2025}}। Retrieved on 3 September 2008.</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category|Laxmangarh}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20121005161012/http://sikar.nic.in/ Sikar district]

{{Sikar district}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Sikar district]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1864]]

Comunidades of Goa

2025-12-02T14:52:14Z

Frederickdube: Updated formatting and improved readability

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2015}}
The '''comunidades''' of [[Goa]] are a form of land association developed in Goa, [[India]], where land-ownership is collectively held, but controlled by the male descendants of those who claimed to be the founders of the village, who in turn mostly belonged to upper caste groups.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Pereira, Rui Gomes|year=1978|title=Goa: Hindu temples and deities|series=Volume 1 of ''Goa''|others=(translated from the original in Portuguese by Antonio Victor Couto)|location=Panaji, Goa, India|publisher=Pereira|page=1|oclc=6862661}}</ref> Documented by the [[Portugal|Portuguese]] as of 1526, it was the predominant form of landholding in Goa prior to 1961.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Vanjari, Shrikrishna|year=1968|title=Feudal Land Tenure System in Goa|journal=Economic and Political Weekly|location=New Delhi|volume=3|issue=22|pages=843–844}}</ref><ref name="Mascarenhas">{{Cite web|author=Mascarenhas, Nascimento|date=25 April 2010|title=Comunidades de Goa|publisher=Saligao Serenade|url=http://saligaoserenade.com/2010/04/comunidades-de-goa/|access-date=17 April 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190425232544/http://saligaoserenade.com/2010/04/comunidades-de-goa/|archive-date=25 April 2019|url-status=usurped}}</ref> In form, it is similar to many other rural agricultural peoples' form of landholding,<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Agrawal, A.|year=2001|title=Common property institutions and sustainable governance of resources|journal=World Development|volume=29|issue=10|pages=1649–1672|doi=10.1016/s0305-750x(01)00063-8}}</ref> such as that of pre-Spanish Bolivia<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Weeks, David|year=1947|title=Land tenure in Bolivia|journal=The Journal of Land & Public Utility Economics|volume=23|issue=3|pages=321–336|jstor=3158806|doi=10.2307/3158806}}{{Subscription required}}</ref> and the [[Puebloan peoples]] now in the [[Southwestern United States]],<ref>{{Cite journal|authorlink=Ernest Beaglehole |last=Beaglehole |first=Ernest|year=1934|title=Ownership and inheritance in an American Indian tribe|journal=Iowa Law Review|volume=20|pages=304–316|url=http://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?collection=journals&handle=hein.journals/ilr20&div=31}}{{Subscription required}}</ref> identified by [[Karl Marx]] as the dualism of rural communities: the existence
of collective land ownership together with private production on the land.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Potekhin, Ivan I.|year=1963|title=Land relations in African countries|journal=The Journal of Modern African Studies|volume=1|issue=1|pages=39–59|jstor=158783|doi=10.1017/s0022278x00000707}}{{Subscription required}}</ref>

==Codified by the Portuguese==
Comunidades are a variant of the system of {{Transliteration|kok|gaunkari}} system called {{Transliteration|kok|gramasanstha}} (ग्रामसंस्था)). Some scholars argue that the term {{Transliteration|kok|gaunkari}} is derived from the name for those who compose it, that is the {{Transliteration|kok|gaunkar}}; i.e. those who make (''kar'') the ''gaun'' or village. This institution pre-existed the arrival of the Portuguese, but was codified by them.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Menezes, Maximo|year=1961|title=Breves Notas sobre a Historia das Comunidades de Goa com Diversos Mapas Anexes (A Short Note concerning the History of the Comunidades of Goa with Several Maps Attached|language=Portuguese|location=Goa|publisher=Tipografia Nacional}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|author=Pereira, Rui Gomes|year=1978|title=Goa: Gaunkari|series=Volume 2 of ''Goa''|others=(translated from the original in Portuguese by Antonio Victor Couto)|location=Panaji, Goa, India|publisher=Pereira|oclc=6862661|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lwQYAAAAIAAJ}}</ref> The first of these codifications was contained in the [[Foral]] of Afonso Mexia in 1526. The term ''gram'' in {{Transliteration|kok|gramasanstha}} refers to the village. ''Comunidades'' is the [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]] word for "communities". The ''[[Khazan system|khazan]]'' system of managed wetlands in Goa is an offshoot of the {{Transliteration|kok|gaunkari}} system, but now quite distinct from the comunidades.<ref>{{Cite book|author1=Sonak, Sangeeta|author2=Kazi, Saltanat|author3=Sonak, Mahesh|author4=Abraham, Mary|year=2006|chapter=Factors affecting land-use and land-cover changes in the coastal wetlands of Goa|editor=Sonak, Sangeeta|title=Multiple dimensions of global environmental change|location=New Delhi|publisher=TERI Press, The Energy and Resources Institute|pages=44–61, [http://www.teriin.org/teri-wr/projects/apnbook_abstracts/section1/GOA-Book.pdf#page=55 page 46]|isbn=978-81-7993-091-5|url=http://www.teriin.org/teri-wr/projects/apnbook_abstracts/section1/GOA-Book.pdf}}{{Dead link|date=July 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

==Members and dividends==
Members of the comunidades are called ''gaonkars'', or ''zonnkars'' (in Portuguese, ''jonoeiros''). The former are the members of the village, the latter were entitled to ''zonn'', or ''jono'', which is a dividend paid by the comunidade to {{Transliteration|kok|gaunkars}} and ''accionistas'', the holders of ''acções'' (sing. ''acção''), or shares. The system applies equally to agricultural land and to village housing.

==Changes over time==

Over time and subject to conflicting land ownership and administration systems, the old institutions lost their original characteristics and comunidades are now mere societies of rights-holders who are members by birth.

After Portuguese rule ended in Goa in 1961, the village development activities, which were once the preserve of the comunidades or more specifically the {{Transliteration|kok|gaunkaris}}, became entrusted to the [[gram panchayat]], rendering the {{Transliteration|kok|gaunkaris}} non-functional.

''The emergence of private property in land created a new set of socio-economic relationships at the village level, especially the comunidades and the ghar-bhaatt, the two principal forms of land tenure that came to characterise Portuguese Goa.''<ref>{{Citation|author=Kamat, Pratima|year=2000|chapter=Peasantry and the Colonial State in Goa 1946-1961|editor1=Borges, Charles J. |editor2=Pereira, Oscar Guilherme |editor3=Stubbe, Hannes |title=Goa and Portugal: History and Development|location=New Delhi|publisher=Concept Publishing Company|pages=133–159|isbn=978-81-7022-867-7|url=https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=diISslZgIAkC&oi=fnd&pg=PA133}}</ref>

The working of the comunidades is now tightly controlled by the Goa state government, which supporters of the comunidade movement say leaves little scope for them to act as self-governing units.<ref>''today the 223 comunidades of Goa are moribund at best'' {{Cite journal|author=Goswami, Rahul|year=2008|title=The Konkan Packaging Company of Goa|journal=Economic and Political Weekly|volume=43|issue=6|pages=10–12, page 11|jstor=40277093}}{{Subscription required}}</ref>

==Limited role==
The sole official function of the comunidades, currently, is to parcel out their land at government-approved rates. However, supporters of the comunidade movement, have been waging a determined, if small, campaign to safeguard what they see as their rights, and continue to fight against the erosion of the comunidade system in Goa, by, for example, bringing land ownership lawsuits.<ref name="Agonda">{{Cite news |title=In Agonda, rain makes life a nightmare |date=31 July 2001 |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/1019754581.cms |newspaper=The Times of India |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060315072549/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/1019754581.cms |archivedate=15 March 2006 |url-status=dead |df=dmy |access-date=9 November 2005 }}</ref> In 2004, the Goa Su-Ray Party issued a polemic supporting the comunidades.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Comunidades of Goa|date=12 November 2004|publisher=Goa Su-Ray Party|url=http://www.goasu-raj.org/gen/articles/19.asp|access-date=4 March 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090409213709/http://www.goasu-raj.org/gen/articles/19.asp|archive-date=9 April 2009|url-status=dead}}</ref>

The Goa Daman and Diu Agricultural Tenancy Act, 1964, passed in the 1964 by the then Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party government, extended the tenancy rights of the tenants to lands from the comunidade, for the payment of a quit-rent called the comunidade foro. This has resulted in most field property of the comunidades passing into private hands, and erosion of the comunidades as a whole.

Thus at present most of comunidade land is in the hills, which is either uncultivated or given over to cashew plantations, to tenants. Uncultivated comunidade land draws squatters who develop shanty towns.<ref name="Agonda" />

In the populous and well-developed central coastal parts of the state, almost all the land that once belonged to the comunidades has been allotted to tenants or taken over for industrial purpose by the government.{{citation needed|date=July 2020}}

There are provisions under the Code of Comunidade (a Legislative Enactment No. 2070 dated 15 April 1961) to take action against illegal encroachments; however, action is usually not taken.{{citation needed|date=July 2020}}

==Notes==
{{Reflist}}

==References==
*{{Cite book|year=1964|title=Report of the Goa Land Reforms Commission|location=Panaji|publisher=Government of Goa, Daman & Diu|oclc=5535970}}
*{{Cite book|author=Mazarelo, S.|year=1966|title=Report of the Committee of the Problems of Mundkars in the Union Territory of Goa, Daman and Diu|location=Panaji, Goa|publisher=Government Printing Press|oclc=7903841}} Note: a ''mundkar'' is a tenant or landbound [[peon]].
*{{Cite book|year=1969|chapter=III Comunidades|title=Annual administration report [Goa, Daman and Diu (India)]|location=Panaji|publisher=Government of Goa, Daman & Diu|pages=56–57|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RJIaAAAAIAAJ|oclc=2335071}}

==Further reading==
* {{Cite web|author=Mukhopadhyay. Pranab|year=2002|title=Now that Your Land is My Land …. Does it matter? : A case study in Western India|url=http://www.beijer.kva.se/teaching/pranab.pdf|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070726123515/http://www.beijer.kva.se/teaching/pranab.pdf|archivedate=26 July 2007|url-status=dead}}

==External links==
* A non-neutral statement of position: {{Cite web|author=Association of Componentes of Comunidades|title=The Comunidades of Goa|url=http://www.goa-world.com/goa/comunidades/|publisher=Goa-World.com|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120719060326/http://www.goa-world.com/goa/comunidades/|archivedate=19 July 2012|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}

{{Clear}}

{{Goa topics}}

[[Category:Comunidades of Goa| ]]
[[Category:Colonial Goa]]
[[Category:Economy of Goa]]
[[Category:Social history of Goa]]
[[Category:1520s establishments in Portuguese India]]

Kshamavani

2025-11-18T05:58:40Z

Frederickdube: New new info

{{Short description|Jain festival of Digambara sect}}
{{About|a [[Jain]] festival of [[Digambara]] sect|[[Śvetāmbara]] sect's annual Forgiveness Day|Samvatsari|the process by which a victim undergoes a change in feelings and lets go of [[vengefulness]]|forgiveness|}}
{{use dmy dates|date=September 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2017}}
{{Infobox holiday
| holiday_name = Kṣamāvaṇī (Forgiveness Day)
|official_name = Kshamavani Parv
| type = cultural
| image = Jain_Prateek_Chihna.svg
| imagesize = 200px
| observedby = [[Jain]]s
| begins = [[Pratipada]], Krishna [[Paksha]], [[Ashvin]]; 1st day of waning moon in the month of [[Ashvin]] in the [[Vira Nirvana Samvat|Jain calendar]]
| date = August–September
| date2017 = September 05
| date2018 = September 14
| date2019 = September 12
| observances = [[Micchami Dukkadam]] (Asking for forgiveness), [[Pratikramana]] (Introspection)
}}
{{Jainism}}
'''Kshamavani''' ({{langx|sa|Kṣamāvaṇī}}) or "Forgiveness Day" is a day of forgiving and seeking forgiveness for the followers of [[Jainism]]. [[Digambara]]s celebrate it on the first day of ''[[Ashvin]] Krishna'' month of the lunar-based [[Vira Nirvana Samvat|Jain calendar]]. Śvētāmbaras celebrate it on [[Samvatsari]], the last day of the annual [[Paryushana]] festival. which coincides with the [[Chaturthi]], 4th day of Shukla [[Paksha]] in the holy month of [[Bhadra (Hindu calendar)|Bhadra]].<ref>Same day as [[Ganesh Chaturthi]].</ref> "[[Micchami Dukkadam]]" is the common phrase when asking for forgiveness. It is a [[Prakrit]] phrase meaning "May all the evil that has been done be fruitless".<ref>Chapple. C.K. (2006) ''Jainism and Ecology: Nonviolence in the Web of Life'' Delhi:Motilal Banarasidas Publ. {{ISBN|978-81-208-2045-6}} p.46</ref>

==Observance==
On this sacred day, every member of the Jain community approaches everyone, irrespective of religion, and begs for forgiveness for all their faults or mistakes, committed either knowingly or unknowingly. Thus relieved of the heavy burden hanging over their head of the sins of yesteryears, they start life afresh, living in peaceful co-existence with others. Indeed, this day is not merely a traditional ritual, but a first step on their path to [[Moksha (Jainism)|moksha]] (liberation) or [[salvation]], the final goal of every man's life, according to the teachings of Jainism.<ref>[http://www.festivalsindia.com/kshamavaani-day-or-kshama-divas-of-jain-people/ Kshamavaani Day or kshama Divas of Jain People]</ref>

[[Mahavira]] said we should forgive our own soul first. To forgive others is a practical application of this supreme forgiveness. It is the path of spiritual purification.
Mahavira said: "The one whom you hurt or kill is you. All souls are equal and similar and have the same nature and qualities". Ahimsa Paramo Dharma. Anger begets more anger and forgiveness and love beget more forgiveness and love. Forgiveness benefits both the forgiver and the forgiven.

Forgiveness is the other name of non-violence (Ahimsa) which shows the right path of 'Live and Let Live' to one and all. Forgiveness teaches us Ahimsa (non-violence) and through ahimsa we should learn to practice forbearance.

==Michchhami Dukkadam Prayer==

{| class="wikitable"
|---
|{{IAST|Khamemi Savva Jive}}
| I forgive all living beings.
|-
|{{IAST|Savve Jiva Khamantu Me}}
| May all souls forgive me,
|-
|{{IAST|Mitti Me Savva Bhuesu}}
|I am friendly terms with all,
|-
|{{IAST|Veram Majjha Na Kenai}}
|I have no animosity toward any soul.
|-
|{{IAST|Michchhami Dukkadam}}
|May all my faults be dissolved.
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|----
|खामेमि सव्व जीवे, सव्वे जीवा खमन्तु मे, मित्ति में सव्व भू ए सू, वैरम् मज्झ ण केण इ
|-
|Khämemi Savva Jive, Savve Jivä Khamantu Me, Mitti Me Savva Bhuesu, Veram Majjha Na Kenai.
|-
|सब जीवों को मै क्षमा करता हूं, सब जीव मुझे क्षमा करे, सब जीवो से मेरा मैत्री भाव रहे, किसी से वैर-भाव नही रहे
|-
|}

Kshamavani Parva celebrates forgiveness as a way to a life of love, friendship, peace and harmony. When you forgive, you stop feeling resentful; there is no more indignation or anger against another for a perceived offence, difference or mistake; there is no clamour for punishment. It means the end of violence (Hinsa).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.jaindharmonline.com/kshma.htm |title=Kshamavani Parv }}{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

== ''Samvatsari'' and ''Kshamavaani'' ==
While ''[[Samvatsari]]'' and ''[[Kshamavaani]]'' are typically associated with [[Śvetāmbara]] sect and [[Digambara]] respectively, there is no major difference between the two days and both are observed as Forgiveness Days. Rather, the two are usually used interchangeably.

However, a major difference between the two is that despite both ''Samvatsari'' and ''Kshamavaani'' falling on the last day of [[Paryushan]], they are in fact two different days. This is because the [[Paryushan]] festival for the two sects itself commences on different dates and is of varying duration.

As a result, while Samvatsari is observed on Shukla Panchami of Bhadrapada month by the [[Śvetāmbara|Śvetāmbaras]], the [[Digambara]]s celebrate Kshamavani on the first day of ''[[Ashvin]] Krishna'' month of the lunar-based [[Vira Nirvana Samvat|Jain calendar]].

==See also==
* [[Forgiveness#Jainism|Forgiveness in Jainism]]
* [[Micchami Dukkadam]]
* [[Samvatsari]]

==References==
===Citations===
{{Reflist}}
===Sources===
* {{citation |last=Sangave |first=Vilas Adinath |author-link=Vilas Adinath Sangave |title=Jain Community: A Social Survey |url={{Google books|FWdWrRGV_t8C|plainurl=yes}} |date=1980 |publisher=[[Popular Prakashan]] |location=Bombay |edition=2nd |isbn=978-0-317-12346-3 }}

==External links==
* [http://www.jaindharmonline.com/more/news7.htm Celebrate Forgiveness: Kshamavani Divas] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120317084437/http://www.jaindharmonline.com/more/news7.htm |date=17 March 2012 }}
* [http://www.jainworld.com/jainbooks/images/31/KSHAMAVANI_PARVA.htm Kshamavani Parva]

{{Jainism Topics}}

[[Category:Jain festivals]]

Durjan Singh (ruler)

2025-11-16T14:11:54Z

Frederickdube: adding initial biography w/ refs

{{short description|Thakur of Maihar from 1790 to 1826}}
{{infobox royalty
| name = Durjan Singh
| title = [[Thakur (title)|Thakur]]
| succession = [[Thakur (title)|Thakur]] of [[Maihar State|Maihar]]
| reign = {{circa|1790}} – {{circa|1826}}
| predecessor = [[Rajdhar Singh]]
| successor = [[Bishan Singh of Maihar|Bishan Singh]]
| death_date = {{circa|1826}}
| issue = {{unbulleted list|[[Bishan Singh of Maihar|Bishan Singh]]|[[Prag Das]]}}
| house = {{flagicon image|Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Maihar_State.png}} [[Maihar State|Maihar]]
}}
'''Durjan Singh''' was the [[Thakur (title)|Thakur]] of [[Maihar State|Maihar]] from 1790 until his death in 1826.

== Biography ==
He was the younger son of [[Beni Singh]] and succeeded his eldest brother, [[Rajdhar Singh]], to the gaddi of [[Maihar State|Maihar]] in 1790 when [[Ali Bahadur I|Ali Bahadur]] of Banda restored it to him after conquering it from his brother.<ref name=":2" /><ref>{{Cite book |last=Bondyopadhyay |first=Swapan Kumar |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Annapurna_Devi_An_Unheard_Melody/R6lyBAAAQBAJ |title=Annapurna Devi: An Unheard Melody |date=2005-04-01 |publisher=Roli Books Private Limited |isbn=978-81-7436-855-3 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Pradesh (India) |first=Madhya |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Madhya_Pradesh_District_Gazetteers_Tikam/LyELAQAAIAAJ |title=Madhya Pradesh District Gazetteers: Tikamgarh |last2=Krishnan |first2=V. S. |date=1994 |publisher=Government Central Press |pages=381 |language=en}}</ref> When the [[British government of India|British government]] occupied [[Bundelkhand]], he executed a deed of allegiance with them in 1806, and they confirmed him in his possession.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Purushotam Vishram Mawjee |url=https://archive.org/details/DurbarAlbum1/ |title=(1911) Imperial durbar album of the Indian princes, chiefs and zamindars, Vol. I. |date=1911 |pages=135}}</ref> The sanad he received in 1806 was later revised in 1814.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2">{{Cite book |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Imperial_Gazetteer_of_India/xQC2AAAAIAAJ |title=Imperial Gazetteer of India: Provincial Series |date=1908 |publisher=Superintendent of Government Printing |pages=426 |language=en}}</ref>

Upon his death in 1826, his dominions were divided into two parts.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Department |first=India Foreign and Political |url=https://books.google.com/books?redir_esc=y&id=icwkAQAAIAAJ |title=Central Indian Agency |date=1909 |publisher=Office of the Superintendent of Government Printing, India |pages=7–8,226–227 |language=en}}</ref> His eldest son, [[Bishan Singh of Maihar|Bishan Singh]], inherited the [[Maihar State|Maihar]], while his second son, [[Prag Das]], received [[Bijairaghogarh]].<ref name=":1" />

== References ==
<references />
[[Category:Date of birth unknown]]
[[Category:Year of birth unknown]]
[[Category:1826 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian Hindus]]

M. R. Reghuchandrabal

2025-11-13T14:21:33Z

Frederickdube:

{{Short description|Indian politician (1950–2025)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2022}}
{{Infobox officeholder
|name = M. R. Reghuchandrabal
|birth_date = {{Birth date|1950|3|12|df=y}}
|birth_place =
|death_date = {{Death date and age|2025|11|8|1950|3|12|df=y}}
|death_place = [[Thiruvananthapuram]], Kerala, India
|office = Member of the [[Kerala Legislative Assembly]]
|constituency = [[Kovalam Assembly constituency|Kovalam]] [[Parassala Assembly constituency|Parassala]]
| office2= Minister for Excise
| term2= 1991–1995
|term_start =
|predecessor =
|term_end =
|successor =
}}

''' M. R. Reghuchandrabal''' (12 March 1950 – 8 November 2025) was an Indian politician belonging to [[Indian National Congress]]. He represented [[Kovalam Assembly constituency|Kovalam]] and [[Parassala Assembly constituency|Parassala]] in the sixth and ninth [[Kerala Legislative Assembly]] respectively.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Members - Kerala Legislature |url=http://www.niyamasabha.org/codes/members/m583.htm |access-date=2022-12-09 |website=www.niyamasabha.org}}</ref> He served as the minister of excise from 2 July 1991 to 16 March 1995 in the [[Fourth Karunakaran ministry]]. He has also served as the president of [[Kanjiramkulam|Kanjiramkulam Panchayat.]]<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DJ5KAQAAIAAJ&q=M.+R.+Raghuchandra+Bal |title=Frontline |date=April 1996 |publisher=S. Rangarajan for Kasturi & Sons |language=en}}</ref> Reghuchandrabal died on 8 November 2025, at the age of 75.<ref>{{cite news |title=Former Kerala excise minister M R Reghuchandrabal passes away at 75 |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/2025/Nov/08/former-kerala-excise-minister-m-r-reghuchandrabal-passes-away-at-75 |access-date=10 November 2025 |publisher=The New Indian Express |date=8 November 2025}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Reghuchandrabal, M. R.}}
[[Category:1950 births]]
[[Category:2025 deaths]]
[[Category:Kerala MLAs 1991–1996]]
[[Category:Malayali politicians]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Kerala]]

{{Kerala-INC-politician-stub}}