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INS Trinkat

2026-05-06T12:06:59Z

FinlayPulido6:

{{Short description|Indian naval vessel}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2023}}{{italic title|string=Trinkat}}
{{Infobox ship
|section1={{Infobox ship/image
|image= INS Trinkat (T61).jpg
|image_caption=INS ''Trinkat'' (T61)
}}

|section2={{Infobox ship/class overview
|name= INS ''Trinkat''
|builders= [[Garden Reach Shipbuilders & Engineers|Garden Reach Shipbuilders and Engineers]]
|operators= [[Indian Navy]]
|class_before= {{sclass|Seaward|defense boats|4}}
|class_after= {{sclass|Bangaram|patrol vessel|4}}
}}

|section3={{Infobox ship/characteristics
|hide_header=
|header_caption=
|class=
|type= [[Fast attack craft]]
|displacement= 260 ton (full load)<ref name=br-trinkat>{{cite web|url=http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/NAVY/Ships/Active/168-Trinkat-Class.html|title=Trinkat Class - Bharat Rakshak :: Indian Navy|first=Fast Patrol|last=Vessel|publisher=|accessdate=17 March 2017|archive-date=17 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170317144608/http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/NAVY/Ships/Active/168-Trinkat-Class.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|length= {{convert|46|m|abbr=on}}
|beam= {{convert|7.5|m|abbr=on}}
|draught=
|draft=
|propulsion=*2 × MTU engines (3,500 hp each)
*3 × 80 kW diesel generators
|speed= {{convert|30|kn|abbr=on}}
|range=
|complement= 33
|sensors=
|armament= 1 × [[CRN 91 Naval Gun|2A42 Medak 30 mm gun]]
|notes=
}}
}}
'''INS ''Trinkat''''' is the [[lead ship]] of [[Trinkat-class fast attack craft|her class]] of [[fast attack craft]]'''<ref name=":0">{{Cite press release |title=Commissioning of Indian Naval Ship Tarmugli |date=14 December 2023 |publisher=[[Press Information Bureau]] |url=https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1986363&reg=3&lang=1 |access-date=1 April 2026 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260401143241/https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=1986363&reg=3&lang=2 |archive-date=1 April 2026}}</ref>''' of the [[Indian Navy]] were designed and constructed by [[Garden Reach Shipbuilders & Engineers|Garden Reach Shipbuilders and Engineers]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Garden Reach Shipbuilders & Engineers Ltd Corporate Brochure |url=https://grse.in/ship-building/files/Corporate_Brochure.pdf |website=Garden Reach Shipbuilders & Engineers Ltd |access-date=8 July 2025}}</ref> in [[Kolkata]], [[West Bengal]].

==Role==
The patrol vessel carry out fisheries protection, anti-poaching, counter-insurgency and search-and-rescue operations in coastal areas and in the [[exclusive economic zone]]. This ship is named after [[Trinket Island|Trinkat Island]]. The vessels of the class are named after islands from the [[Andaman and Nicobar Islands]] or the [[Lakshadweep Islands]].

== See also ==
*[[Action of 30 March 2010]]
*[[List of active Indian Navy ships]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Trinkat-class patrol vessel}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Trinkat (T61), INS}}
[[Category:Trinkat-class patrol boats]]
[[Category:Ships built in Kolkata]]
[[Category:2000 ships]]

{{mil-ship-stub}}

Patrick Vaughan Stanley Heenan

2026-05-03T03:06:16Z

FinlayPulido6: New

{{short description|British Indian Army officer, alleged spy for Japan in World War II}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2025}}
{{Infobox military person
| name = Patrick Vaughan Stanley Heenan
| birth_date = Patrick Vaughan Stanley 29 July 1910
| death_date = 13 February 1942 (aged 31)
| birth_place = [[Reefton, New Zealand|Reefton]], [[Dominion of New Zealand|New Zealand]]
| death_place = [[Keppel Harbour]], [[Singapore]], [[Straits Settlements]]
| death_cause = [[Execution by shooting]]
| burial_place =
| image = Patrick Stanley Vaughan Heenan (1910-1942) portrait.png
| caption =
| nickname =
| allegiance = {{flag|United Kingdom}} {{flag|Empire of Japan|Japan}} (Alleged)
| service_years = 1932–1942
| rank = [[Captain (OF-2)|Captain]]
| branch = {{army|British India}}
| commands =
| unit = [[16th Punjab Regiment]] [[Army Service Corps (India)|Indian Army Service Corps]] 300 Air Liaison Section, Malaya
| battles =
{{tree list}}
* [[World War II]]
** [[Battle of Malaya]]{{executed}}
{{tree list/end}}
| awards =
| other_work =
}}

'''Patrick Vaughan Stanley Heenan''' (29 July 1910 – 13 February 1942) was a New Zealand military officer and spy. A [[Captain (OF-2)|captain]] in the [[British Indian Army]], he was convicted of [[treason]] after [[espionage|spying]] for [[Empire of Japan|Japan]] during the [[Battle of Malaya]] of World War II.{{sfnp|Elphick|2001}}{{sfnp|Farrell|2005}} Heenan was [[summary execution|executed]] by his wardens while in British custody during the [[Battle of Singapore]]. With the defeat of the British imminent, Heenan had mocked the guards, saying he would soon be free, while they would be the prisoners. In response, British military police [[Extrajudicial killing|shot]] him and dumped his body into the harbour.{{sfnp|Docker|Silver|1997}}

According to Heenan's biographer, Peter Elphick, these events were suppressed by [[Commonwealth of Nations|British Commonwealth]] [[censorship|military censors]].{{sfnp|Elphick|2001}}

==Early life==
Heenan's mother, Annie Stanley (born 1882), was not married at the time of her son's birth at [[Reefton, New Zealand]]. His birth certificate recorded her maiden name as his surname, and did not include any information about his father.{{sfnp|Elphick|2001}} A year later, both mother and son moved to [[Myanmar|Burma]] with a mining engineer named [[George Heenan|George Charles Heenan]] (1855–1912). The older Heenan is described by some sources as an [[Irish republicanism|Irish republican]],{{sfnp|Stearn|2004}} although he seems to have had a long association with [[New Zealand]], including selection for regional representative [[cricket]] teams in the 1880s and 1890s.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.espncricinfo.com/newzealand/content/player/37368.html |title=George Heenan |work=ESPN Cricinfo |date=2015 |access-date=16 October 2015}}</ref> There is no conclusive evidence that George Heenan was Patrick's father, or that George and Anne ever married. However, Patrick was [[baptism|baptised]] in Burma as a [[Roman Catholic Church|Roman Catholic]], with the surname Heenan.{{sfnp|Elphick|2001}} George Heenan died at [[Pauk, Myanmar|Pauk]], Burma, in 1912. Patrick's mother then worked as a [[governess]] for a family named Carroll.{{sfnp|Elphick|2001}}

In 1922, the Carrolls moved to England, and Anne Stanley went with them. Mrs Carroll died a few years later, and Bernard Carroll, who was an accountant, married Anne.{{sfnp|Stearn|2004}} From 1923 to 1926, Patrick was a [[boarding school|boarder]] at [[Sevenoaks School]] in [[Kent]], and in 1927 proceeded to [[Cheltenham College]], as a [[day pupil|day boy]], in a stream of students preparing for military careers.{{sfnp|Stearn|2004}} Although he was then 16 years old, at Cheltenham he was put in classes with pupils as young as 13.

Accounts of his time at Sevenoaks and Cheltenham show Heenan to have been a poor student and – in the words of the ''[[Dictionary of National Biography]]'' — a "gloomy, resentful misfit disliked by other pupils".{{sfnp|Stearn|2004}} He nevertheless excelled at sports, especially [[boxing]], due largely to his impressive physique.{{sfnp|Elphick|2001}}{{sfnp|Stearn|2004}} According to Elphick, Heenan was unpopular with other students at Cheltenham and was often in trouble with school authorities. Although he joined the [[Combined Cadet Force|Junior Division, Officers Training Corps]] (OTC) at Cheltenham, Heenan did not gain any formal qualifications;{{sfnp|Stearn|2004}} because of this, he was not able to be admitted to [[British Army]] officer training, when he left school at the age of 19. Heenan instead joined [[Steel Brothers]], a trading company with interests in [[Asia]].

==Military career==
In the early 1930s, Heenan applied for the [[Special Reserve|Army Supplementary Reserve]], the only way he could become an officer without formal qualifications. According to Elphick, had Heenan's illegitimacy been known, it would have prevented him becoming an officer. He was able to join the reserve by presenting his baptism certificate, along with a certificate signed by his school headmaster, stating that Heenan was capable of performing the duties of an officer. This was endorsed by the commander of Cheltenham College's OTC.

In 1933, he was [[Commissioned officer|commissioned]] into the Supplementary Reserve.<ref>{{London Gazette
| issue = 33927
| date = 4 April 1933
| page = 2287
| quote = SUPPLEMENTARY RESERVE OF OFFICERS. INFANTRY. Bedfs. & Herts. E.—Patrick Stanley Vaughan HEENAN (late Cadet Serjt., Cheltenham Coll. Contgt., Jun. Div., O.T.C:) to be 2nd Lt. 5th Apr. 1933
}}</ref> In 1935, Heenan was transferred to the British Indian Army,<ref>{{London Gazette
| issue = 34129
| date = 1 February 1935
| page = 773
}}</ref> with the service number 547/AI.<ref name="CWGG">{{cite web |url= http://www.cwgc.org/find-war-dead/casualty/2133552/HEENAN,%20PATRICK%20STANLEY%20VAUGHAN |title=Casualty Details: Heenan, Patrick Stanley Vaughan |work=[[Commonwealth War Graves Commission]] |date=2015 |access-date=16 October 2015}}</ref> His parents' address at this time was recorded as [[Cheam]], Surrey, England. He was put on the Indian Army's Unattached List, and was sent to [[British Raj|India]]. After six months' training with a British regiment, Heenan was not accepted by any Indian Army regiments. He had to do an additional six months with another British regiment before being accepted by the [[16th Punjab Regiment]]. He reportedly performed well in a skirmish on the [[North-West Frontier Province (1901–1955)|North-West Frontier]], but was later transferred to the [[Indian Army Service Corps]]. According to Elphick, this was a device commonly used to get unsatisfactory officers away from prestigious frontline regiments.{{sfnp|Elphick|2001}} However, Heenan later returned to the 16th Punjabs, but to a different battalion.{{citation needed|date = January 2012}}

In 1938–39, Heenan took a six-month "long leave" (an Indian Army tradition) in [[Japan]].{{citation needed|date = January 2012}}

During 1941, as fears of a Japanese [[South-East Asian theatre of World War II|invasion of Southeast Asia]] grew, Heenan's unit was sent to [[British Malaya|Malaya]]. He was transferred to an Indian Army Air Liaison Unit and was sent to [[Singapore]] for training. Following the completion of air liaison training, Heenan was stationed at [[Alor Setar]], in [[Kedah]], northern Malaya, in June 1941.{{sfnp|Farrell|2005}} It was in this area that most of the British [[Royal Air Force]], [[Royal Australian Air Force]] and [[Royal New Zealand Air Force]] squadrons in Malaya were based.{{citation needed|date = January 2012}}
[[File:Bristol Blenheims 62 Squadron Singapore Feb 1941.jpg|thumb|250px|Circa 8 February 1941. [[Bristol Blenheim]] Mark I bombers of [[No. 62 Squadron RAF]] lined up at Tengah, Singapore, before flying north to their new base at [[Alor Star]], Kedah. Heenan was attached to the squadron at Alor Star in late 1941.]]

Japanese forces [[Japanese Invasion of Thailand|invaded Thailand]] and [[Battle of Malaya|Malaya]] on 8 December. Sydney Tavender, chairman of the Cotswold branch of the [[Far East Prisoners of War]], and who served in the AIL unit with Heenan, said the Japanese aircraft always seemed to know the correct recognition codes, despite the fact that they were changed every 24 hours. By 10 December, the Japanese had destroyed most of the [[Allies of World War II|Allied]] aircraft in northern Malaya.

Heenan was caught during an air raid. "When we discovered he wasn't in the slit trenches with us we became suspicious," Tavender reported. "We went to his quarters and discovered a radio, which was still warm. That was the last we saw of him. He was arrested."<ref>''[[The Courier-Mail]]'', Brisbane, 6 May 1992</ref> The Japanese air raids were assisted by radio transmissions made by Heenan.{{sfnp|Elphick|2001}} Among other espionage equipment, he reportedly had a [[morse code]] transmitter operated by an [[alphanumeric keyboard]] — similar to a [[Alfred Traeger|Traeger Transceiver]] — which was disguised as a typewriter.{{citation needed|date = January 2012}} Heenan was sent to Singapore, and was reportedly [[court-martial]]led in January 1942.{{sfnp|Elphick|2001}} He does not seem to have been formally sentenced, but the normal sentence for treason by British officers was death.{{citation needed|date = January 2012}}

Heenan remained in custody at Singapore for several weeks. The Japanese gradually drove the Allies out of Malaya, and on 8 February they [[Battle of Singapore|attacked Singapore Island]]. Within days, it became clear that the battle was being won by the Japanese. In the words of journalist and author Lynette Silver (whose main source is Elphick):
:By 13 February[,] Heenan had become very cocky, taunting his guards ... that he would soon be free and they would be prisoners. It appears that ... [[Royal Military Police|British military police]] took matters into their own hands. After [[cut (cards)|cards were cut]] to decide who would ... [kill] Heenan, it is alleged he was taken to the dockside, where a sergeant executed him with a single pistol shot to the back of the head. The body was then dumped in the harbour.{{sfnp|Docker|Silver|1997}}
Elphick also says that Heenan was shot at [[Keppel Harbour]].{{sfnp|Elphick|2001}}

==Effects and aftermath==
Military historian Brian P. Farrell believes that Heenan could not have done decisive damage to the Allies but probably cost [[No. 62 Squadron RAF|No. 62 Squadron]] some personnel and aircraft.{{sfnp|Farrell|2005}} Elphick suggests that the British Commonwealth air forces would have been defeated without Heenan's help; their aircraft in Malaya were inadequate compared to the Japanese and airfields in northern Malaya had been located in positions that were for all intents and purposes not capable of being defended. Elphick added that Heenan "must have passed on much helpful information pre-war and he pushed the rate of aircraft destruction along a bit after the war began".{{sfnp|Elphick|2001}} Elphick also says that word of Heenan's actions spread quickly among British Commonwealth officers, which had a significant effect on morale.{{citation needed|date = January 2012}}

By 1998, the families of other personnel listed on the [[Commonwealth War Graves Commission]] World War II memorial at [[Kranji War Cemetery]] in Singapore were requesting the removal of Heenan's name.<ref name="Marsh">{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/htmlContent.jhtml?html=/archive/1998/04/13/nwar13.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040908165420/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/htmlContent.jhtml?html=/archive/1998/04/13/nwar13.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=8 September 2004 |first=Alec |last=Marsh |title=Japanese spy listed on British war memorial |newspaper=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|date=13 April 1998 |access-date=6 March 2007}}</ref> His date of death on the memorial, 15 February 1942,<ref name="CWGG"/> was reportedly a standard date assigned to all Commonwealth personnel officially listed as missing during the Battle of Singapore.<ref name="Marsh"/>

==See also==
*[[Velvalee Dickinson]] (American spy for Japan during World War II)
*[[John Semer Farnsworth]] (American spy for Japan in the 1930s)
*[[Harry Thompson (spy)]] (American spy for Japan in the 1930s)
*[[Norman Baillie-Stewart]] (British spy for Germany during World War II)
*[[Arthur Owens]] (suspected British spy for Germany during World War II)
*[[Eddie Chapman]] (British double agent during World War II)
*[[William Colepaugh]] (American spy for Germany during World War II)
*[[Tyler Kent]] (American spy for Germany in the early 1940s)

==References==
;Notes
{{reflist|30em}}
;Bibliography
* {{cite book |url=http://www.abc.net.au/4corners/specials/noprisoners/viewpoints/silver.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020525001013/http://www.abc.net.au/4corners/specials/noprisoners/viewpoints/silver.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=25 May 2002 |title=Fabulous Furphies – 10 Great Myths from Australia's Past |first1=Edward |last1=Docker |first2=Lynette |last2=Silver |chapter=Scapegoats for the Bloody Empire |location=Burra Creek, NSW |publisher=Sally Milner Publishing |date=1997 |isbn=9781863511841 |access-date=16 October 2015}} Published online by ''[[Four Corners (Australian TV program)|Four Corners]]'', [[Australian Broadcasting Corporation]], 2002.
* {{cite web |url=http://www.abc.net.au/4corners/specials/noprisoners/viewpoints/elphick.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020520035758/http://www.abc.net.au/4corners/specials/noprisoners/viewpoints/elphick.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=20 May 2002 |title=Cover-ups and the Singapore Traitor Affair |first=Peter |last=Elphick |work=Fall of Singapore 60th Anniversary Conference |date=28 November 2001 |access-date=16 October 2015}} Published online by ''Four Corners'', Australian Broadcasting Corporation, 2002.
* {{cite book |first1=Peter |last1=Elphick |first2=Michael |last2=Smith |date=1994 |title=Odd Man Out, the Story of the Singapore Traitor |publisher=Trafalgar Square |edition=2nd |isbn=9780340617014 }}
* {{cite book |url=http://epress.nus.edu.sg/npu/viewarticle.php?id=37&layout=html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070328040326/http://epress.nus.edu.sg/npu/viewarticle.php?id=37&layout=html |url-status=dead |archive-date=28 March 2007 |first=Brian P. |last=Farrell |date=2005 |title=The Defence and Fall of Singapore 1940–1942 |publisher=Tempus Publishing |location=Stroud, Gloucs, UK |isbn= 9780752423111 |page=146 |quote=Ch. 7, n.19: The paper trail [in relation to Heenan] in archival records is [[Public Record Office|PRO]], WO172/18, [[Malaya Command]] War Diary Appendix Z.1, 10 December 1941; WO172/33, [[Indian III Corps|III Indian Corps]] War Diary, 12, 19, 23–24 December 1941;CAB106/53, [[11th Indian Infantry Division|11th Indian Division]] history, ch. 4; CAB106/86, Maltby Despatch; [[Imperial War Museum|IWM]], Wild Papers, 66/227/1, Wild notes |access-date=16 October 2015}}
* {{cite ODNB |url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/76003 |title=Heenan, Patrick Stanley Vaughan (1910–1942), army officer and traitor |first=Roger T. |last=Stearn |date=2004 |doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/76003 |access-date=10 September 2007 |url-access=subscription }}
* {{cite book |first=Alan |last=Warren |date=2002 |title=Singapore 1942, Britain's Greatest Defeat |publisher=Talisman |location=Singapore |isbn=9789810453206}}

==External links==
* {{cite journal |url= http://www.antiqueradio.com/traeger_pedal_07-99.html |title=The Pedal Radio of the Great Outback |journal=Antique Radio Classified |volume=16 |date=July 1999 |issue=7 |first=Richard |last=Begbie |access-date=16 October 2015}} An article about the Traeger Transceiver, with pictures.
*{{cite web |url=http://www.rancba.org.au/Patrick_Heenans_Radio.htm |first=James |last=Eagles |date=2005 |title=Patrick Heenan's Radio and the Flying Doctor |work=Royal Australian Naval Communications Branch Association |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060916141359/http://www.rancba.org.au/Patrick_Heenans_Radio.htm |archive-date=16 September 2006}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Heenan, Patrick}}
[[Category:1910 births]]
Registration Number 1910/4742 Family Name Given Name(s) Stanley Patrick Vaughan Mother's Given
Name(s) Annie Father's name NR New Zealand Births, Deaths, Marriages
[[Category:1942 deaths]]
[[Category:British Indian Army officers]]
[[Category:British Indian Army personnel who were court-martialed]]
[[Category:Extrajudicial killings in World War II]]
[[Category:Executed British collaborators with the Empire of Japan]]
[[Category:Executed spies]]
[[Category:Military of Singapore under British rule]]
[[Category:Military history of Malaya during World War II]]
[[Category:Indian Army personnel killed in World War II]]
[[Category:People educated at Cheltenham College]]
[[Category:People educated at Sevenoaks School]]
[[Category:People executed by the British military by firearm]]
[[Category:People from Reefton]]
[[Category:People convicted of spying for the Empire of Japan]]

Kasarla Shyam

2026-05-02T07:47:32Z

FinlayPulido6:

{{short description|Lyricist in Telugu cinema}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2025}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Kasarla Shyam
| image = Kasarla Shyam with National Film Award 2023 (cropped).jpg
| birth_name =
| birth_date = 25 June
| url =
| birth_place = Brahmanawada, [[Andhra Pradesh]] (now in [[Telangana]]), India
| alma_mater = [[Potti Sreeramulu Telugu University]]
| occupation = {{hlist|[[Composer]]|[[music director|Music Producer]]|[[Lyricist]]|[[playback singer|Singer]]}}
| notable_works =
| caption = Shyam in 2025
| spouse =
| children = 2
| parents =
}}
'''Kasarla Shyam''' is an Indian [[lyricist]], [[composer]], [[music director|music producer]], and [[playback singer|singer]] who works in [[Telugu cinema]]. He made his debut as a lyric writer with ''[[Chantigadu]]'' in 2003.<ref name="Lyrics resonate with listeners; therefore I take utmost care while writing, says lyricist Kasarla Shyam">{{cite news |title=Lyrics resonate with listeners; therefore I take utmost care while writing, says lyricist Kasarla Shyam |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/lyrics-resonate-with-listeners-therefore-i-take-utmost-care-while-writing-says-lyricist-kasarla-shyam/articleshow/74851387.cms |access-date=1 August 2025 |work=The Times of India |date=27 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250801165026/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/lyrics-resonate-with-listeners-therefore-i-take-utmost-care-while-writing-says-lyricist-kasarla-shyam/articleshow/74851387.cms |archive-date=1 August 2025}}</ref>

Kasarla Shyam won [[National Film Awards|National Film Award]] for Best Lyrics for "Ooru Palletooru" from [[Balagam (film)|Balagam]] which captures the essence of Telangana's village culture and the emotional bonds among its people.<ref name='EXCLUSIVE: Kasarla Shyam: "Happy to win National award for a pure, organic song like ‘Ooru Palletooru’"'>{{cite news |last1= |first1= |title=EXCLUSIVE: Kasarla Shyam: "Happy to win National award for a pure, organic song like 'Ooru Palletooru'" |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/news/2025/Aug/01/exclusive-kasarla-shyam-happy-to-win-national-award-for-a-pure-organic-song-like-ooru-palletooru |access-date=1 August 2025 |publisher=Cinema Express |date=1 August 2025 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Interview: I tried to convey the right emotion through my songs in ‘Balagam’, says Kasarla Shyam">{{cite news |last1= |first1= |title=Interview: I tried to convey the right emotion through my songs in 'Balagam', says Kasarla Shyam |url=https://thesouthfirst.com/entertainment/i-tried-conveying-the-right-emotion-through-my-songs-in-balagam-says-kasarla-shyam/ |access-date=1 August 2025 |publisher=The South First |date=8 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250801182959/https://thesouthfirst.com/entertainment/i-tried-conveying-the-right-emotion-through-my-songs-in-balagam-says-kasarla-shyam/ |archive-date=1 August 2025 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="71st National Film Awards {{!}} Shah Rukh Khan wins maiden honour, ‘12th Fail’ adjudged Best Film">{{cite news |last1= |first1= |title=71st National Film Awards {{!}} Shah Rukh Khan wins maiden honour, '12th Fail' adjudged Best Film |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/71st-national-film-awards-shah-rukh-khan-wins-maiden-honour-12th-fail-adjudged-best-film/article69883037.ece |access-date=2 August 2025 |work=The Hindu |date=1 August 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250802034502/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/71st-national-film-awards-shah-rukh-khan-wins-maiden-honour-12th-fail-adjudged-best-film/article69883037.ece |archive-date=2 August 2025 |language=en-IN}}</ref>
[[File:Kasarla Shyam with National Film Award 2023.jpg|thumb|right|Kasarla Shyam with National Film Award 2023]]
[[File:Kasarla Shyam with Telangana Gaddar Film Award.jpg|thumb|right|Kasarla Shyam with Telangana Gaddar Film Award 2023]]
[[File:Kasarla Shyam with Gama Awards.jpg|thumb|right|Kasarla Shyam with Gama Awards]]
[[File:Shyam Kasarla With Sarangi Film Award 2024.jpg|thumb|right|Kasarla Shyam with Sarangi Film Award 2024]]
==Discography==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year
! scope="col" style="width: 250px;" | Title
! scope="col" style="width: 250px;" | Song(s)
! scope="col" style="width: 200px;" | Composer
! class = "unsortable" | Ref(s)
|-
| 2003 || ''[[Chantigadu]]'' || "Kokkoroko" "Siggulolike Seethalu" || [[Vandemataram Srinivas]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ScMUs1j5rJk|title=Kokkoroko|date=17 December 2014|via=YouTube}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.jiosaavn.com/song/kokkoroko/QhsaZ0IIdHg|title=Chantigadu|date=17 December 2014|via=Jiosaavn}}</ref>
|-
| 2005 || ''[[Premikulu]]'' || "Lovera Joru" ||Sajan
|
|-
| 2009 || ''[[Mahatma (film)|Mahatma]]'' || "Neela Poori" ||[[Vijay Antony]]
|
|-
|rowspan=2| 2012 || ''[[Bus Stop (2012 film)|Bus Stop]]'' || "Kalalake Kanulochina" ||Jeevan Babu||
|-
| ''Maa Abbai Engineering Student'' || "Ninne Neeku Choopedhi" ||Chinni Charan||
|-
| rowspan= 2|2013 || ''[[Prema Katha Chitram]]'' || "I Just Love You Baby", "Kothagunna Haaye", "Oh My Love" ||Jeevan Babu||
|-
| ''[[Venkatadri Express (film)|Venkatadri Express]]'' ||"Mellamellaga" ||[[Ramana Gogula]]||
|-
| rowspan= 3|2014 || ''Real Star'' || "Kandlallo Churukutanam" || [[Vandemataram Srinivas]]||
|-
|''[[Love You Bangaram]]''|| "Jai Shambo Shambo" "Annuvanuvuna Cheliya" ||Mahith Narayan||
|-
|''[[Rowdy (2014 film)|Rowdy]]''||All Songs || [[Sai Karthik]] ||
|-
| 2015 || ''[[Kick 2]]'' || "Kick" || [[Thaman S]]||
|-
| rowspan="17" |2025 || ''[[Daaku Maharaaj]]'' || "Dabidi Dibidi", "Sarkaru Raa" || [[Thaman S]] ||
|-
|''[[Game Changer (film)|Game Changer]]'' || "Arugu Meedha", "Konda Devara" || [[Thaman S]]||
|-
|''[[Retro (film)|Retro]]''|| All Songs || [[Santhosh Narayanan]] ||
|-
|''[[Mad Square]]''|| "Laddu Gaani Pelli" || [[Bheems Ceciroleo]] ||
|-
|''[[Bhairavam]]'' || "Gichhamaaku" || [[Sricharan Pakala]]||
|-
|''[[Solo Boy]]''|| "Solo Boy Title Song" || [[Judah Sandhy]]||
|-
|''[[Thammudu (2025 film)|Thammudu]]''|| "Chillax Song" || [[B. Ajaneesh Loknath]] ||
|-
|''[[Oh Bhama Ayyo Rama]]''|| "Gully Step" || [[Radhan]] ||
|-
|''[[Oka Brundavanam]]''|| "Hey Kadhile Kannulu" ||Sunny - Saketh ||
|-
|''[[Kothapallilo Okappudu]]''||"Yelo Yennello", "Jai Bolo"|| [[Radhan]] ||
|-
|''[[Ari: My Name is Nobody]]''
|"Chinnari Kittayya", "Theme Of Ari"
|[[Anup Rubens]]
|
|-
|''[[Mithra Mandali]]''
|"Kattanduko Janaki"
|RR Dhruvan
|
|-
|''[[Santhana Prapthirasthu]]''
|"Santhana PrapthiRasthu Shubhamasthu"
|[[Sunil Kashyap]]
|
|-
|''[[Paanch Minar]]''
|"Mandu Tera"
|[[Shekar Chandra]]
|
|-
|''[[Dhandoraa]]''
|"Dhandoraa Title Song"
|Mark K Robin
|
|-
|''[[Akhanda 2]]''
|"Jajikaya Jajikaya"
|[[Thaman S]]
|
|-
|''[[Champion (2025 film)|Champion]]''
|"Gira Gira Gingiraagirey"
| [[Mickey J. Meyer]]
|
|-
| rowspan="5" |2026
|''[[Mana Shankara Vara Prasad Garu]]''
|"Mega Victory Mass"
|[[Bheems Ceciroleo]]
|<ref name="‘Mega Victory Mass,’ new single from Mana Shankara Varaprasad Garu, captures the starry best of Venkatesh and Chiranjeevi">{{cite news |last1= |first1= |title=‘Mega Victory Mass,’ new single from Mana Shankara Varaprasad Garu, captures the starry best of Venkatesh and Chiranjeevi |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/news/2025/Dec/30/mega-victory-mass-new-single-from-mana-shankara-varaprasad-garu-captures-the-starry-best-of-venkatesh-and-chiranjeevi |access-date=31 December 2025 |publisher=Cinema Express |date=30 December 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251231160114/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/news/2025/Dec/30/mega-victory-mass-new-single-from-mana-shankara-varaprasad-garu-captures-the-starry-best-of-venkatesh-and-chiranjeevi |archive-date=31 December 2025 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Ustaad Bhagat Singh]]''
|"Collar Ey Eththara"
|[[Devi Sri Prasad]]
|
|-
|''[[Band Melam]]''
|"Ento Emo", "Ekkadi Dongalu Akkade GapChup", "Janu O My Janu"
|[[Vijai Bulganin]]
|
|-
|''[[Bad Boy Karthik]]''
|"Naa Maava Pillanitthaanannade"
|[[Harris Jayaraj]]
|
|-
|{{pending film|The Paradise}}
|"Aaya Sher"
|[[Anirudh Ravichander]]
|<ref name="Aaya Sher: Nani’s birthday gift to fans signals a wilder side in The Paradise">{{cite news |title=Aaya Sher: Nani’s birthday gift to fans signals a wilder side in The Paradise |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/telugu/aaya-sher-song-from-the-paradise-out-on-nanis-birthday-10550950/ |access-date=12 March 2026 |publisher=The Indian Express |date=25 February 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260312174427/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/telugu/aaya-sher-song-from-the-paradise-out-on-nanis-birthday-10550950/ |archive-date=12 March 2026 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|}

== Awards and nominations ==
===[[South Indian International Movie Awards|SIIMA Awards]]===
{| class="wikitable" style="width:70%;"
! scope="col" style="width:4%;" |Year
! scope="col" style="width:50%;" |Work
! scope="col" style="width:35%;" |Work
! scope="col" style="width:6%;" |Result
! scope="col" style="width:5%;" |{{Abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}}
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[12th South Indian International Movie Awards|2023]]
| [[SIIMA Award for Best Lyricist – Telugu|Best Lyricist – Telugu]]
|''[[Balagam (film)|Balagam]]''
|{{Nominated}}
|
|}

===[[National Film Awards]] ===
{| class="wikitable" style="width:70%;"
! scope="col" style="width:4%;" |Year
! scope="col" style="width:50%;" |Work
! scope="col" style="width:35%;" |Work
! scope="col" style="width:6%;" |Result
! scope="col" style="width:5%;" |{{Abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}}
|-
| rowspan="2" |2023
| [[National Film Award for Best Lyrics|Best Lyrics]]
|''[[Balagam (film)|Balagam]] -'' "Ooru Palletooru"
|{{won}}
|<ref name="71st National Film Awards {{!}} Telugu artistes win best lyricist, best child artiste and other honours">{{cite news |last1= |first1= |date=1 August 2025 |title=71st National Film Awards {{!}} Telugu artistes win best lyricist, best child artiste and other honours |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/telangana/awards-galore-for-telugu-artistes-in-71st-national-film-awards/article69884171.ece |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250802043910/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/telangana/awards-galore-for-telugu-artistes-in-71st-national-film-awards/article69884171.ece |archivedate=2 August 2025 |accessdate=2 August 2025 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN}}</ref><ref name="71st National Film Awards South winners list: Actors Urvashi, Vijayaraghavan and MS Bhaskar win big; Hanu-Man bags trophy for best action choreography">{{cite news |title=71st National Film Awards South winners list: Actors Urvashi, Vijayaraghavan and MS Bhaskar win big; Hanu-Man bags trophy for best action choreography |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/71st-national-film-awards-south-winners-list-actors-urvashi-vijayaraghavan-and-ms-bhaskar-hanuman-10163994/ |access-date=1 August 2025 |publisher=The Indian Express |date=1 August 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250801173600/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/71st-national-film-awards-south-winners-list-actors-urvashi-vijayaraghavan-and-ms-bhaskar-hanuman-10163994/ |archive-date=1 August 2025 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="71st National Film Awards for the year 2023 announced">{{cite news |date=2 August 2025 |title=71st National Film Awards for the year 2023 announced |url=https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2151537 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250802022526/https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2151537 |archivedate=2 August 2025 |accessdate=2 August 2025 |work= |publisher=Ministry of Information & Broadcasting}}</ref>
|}

=== [[Filmfare Awards South]] ===
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable"
! scope="col" style="width:4%;" |Year
! scope="col" |Category
! scope="col" |Work
! scope="col" |Result
! scope="col" class="unsortable" |{{abbr|Ref.|Reference}}
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[69th Filmfare Awards South|2024]]
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Lyricist – Telugu|Best Lyricist – Telugu]]
|"Chamkeela Angeelesi" - [[Dasara (film)|Dasara]]
|rowspan=2 {{nominated}}
| rowspan="2" |<ref name="Nominations for Filmfare Awards Telugu 2024 are out!">{{cite news |title=Nominations for Filmfare Awards Telugu 2024 are out! |url=https://www.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/nominations-for-filmfare-awards-telugu-2024-are-out-67264.html |access-date=1 August 2025 |work= |publisher=Filmfare |date=1 August 2024 |archive-date= |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Lyricist – Telugu|Best Lyricist – Telugu]]
|"Ooru Palletooru" - [[Balagam (film)|Balagam]]
|}

=== [[IIFA Utsavam]] ===
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable"
! scope="col" style="width:4%;" |Year
! scope="col" |Category
! scope="col" |Work
! scope="col" |Result
! scope="col" class="unsortable" |{{abbr|Ref.|Reference}}
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[3rd IIFA Utsavam|2024]]
|Best Lyricist – Telugu
|"Chamkeela Angeelesi" - [[Dasara (film)|Dasara]]
|{{nominated}}
|
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb name|4682916|name=Kasarla Shyam}}

{{National Film Award Best Lyrics}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Shyam Kasarla}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Musicians from Telangana]]
[[Category:Telugu-language lyricists]]
[[Category:Indian male songwriters]]
[[Category:Indian songwriters]]
[[Category:Telugu-language playback singers]]
[[Category:Best Lyrics National Film Award winners]]
[[Category:Indian male playback singers]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

Sohan Qadri

2026-05-02T05:58:07Z

FinlayPulido6: put up a data...

{{Use Indian English|date=May 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2017}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{essay-like|date=December 2008}}
{{More citations needed|date=December 2008}}
}}



'''Sohan Qadri''' (born 2 November 1932, in [[Punjab, India]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Sohan Qadri biography|publisher=Sohan Qadri web site|url=http://www.sohanqadri.com/biography.html}}</ref> – died 2 March 2011, in Toronto, Canada) was a [[yogi]], poet and a painter from India who lived in [[Copenhagen]] for 30 years. During his life, Qadri interacted with a number of well-known cultural figures including [[Surrealism|Surrealist]] painter [[René Magritte]], Nobel laureate [[Heinrich Böll]], and architect [[Le Corbusier]]. His paintings result from states of deep [[meditation]], and are influenced by the colors of India: luminous, dye-infused works on serrated paper. He had more than 70 exhibitions in the United States, Europe, Asia, and Africa.<ref>Sohan Qadri. Interview by Sundaram Tagore, Copenhagen, 2003.</ref>

==Early life and career in India==
[[File:Sohan Qadari.jpg|thumb|Sohan Qadari]]
Sohan Qadri was born in the village of Chachoki, in 1932, in [[British India]]. Chachoki is near the industrial town of Phagwara in the [[Kapurthala district]] of Punjab. He grew up in a wealthy farming family with a Hindu mother and a Sikh father. The village had no electricity, running water, roads or cars.

At the age of seven, Qadri was strongly influenced by two spiritualists. The first was Bikham Giri, a Bengali Tantric-Vajrayan yogi. The second was Ahmed Ali Shah Qadri, a Sufi, who lived near Giri. Both gurus taught him spiritual ideals through meditation, dance and music, and had a profound impact on Qadri, sparking a lifelong interest in spirituality and art,<ref>Sundaram Tagore, "Dissolving Contours," in Robert Thurman et al., Seeker: The Art of Sohan Qadri (New York: Mapin Publishing, 2005), 112–130.</ref> for which Qadri showed talent even as a child. Qadri continued his schooling until the eighth grade, when he matriculated, the first child in the village to do so. He ran away from home several times to avoid taking charge of the family farm as his mother wished. Eventually he refused and went to study a three-year undergraduate degree at Ram Garhia College, pursuing his art as an apprentice to Pyara Kondel, a photographer and amazing artist who taught him the ways of the Kondel art form with a studio in Jullandhar, Punjab.

When Mr.Kondel emigrated to England in 1952, Sohan left Jullandhar for [[Bombay]], settling in Parel and working as a still photographer in an early Bollywood studio in Andheri, Bombay. He resigned after completing two films. In 1955, he enrolled in the Simla College of Art. While a student, Qadri visited the art galleries of Delhi, met the artists [[Sailoz Mookherjea]] and [[J. Swaminathan]], who were in the process of starting the group Unknown, and joined the artistic circle around the Indian modernists [[M.F. Husain]], [[Syed Haider Raza]], J. Swaminathan, and Ram Kumar, who were building on earlier Indian modernist movements such as the [[Calcutta Group]] (1942) and the Progressive Artists Group of Bombay (1947), while rejecting the reliance on figuration which the earlier artists had believed defined them as authentically Indian.

After finishing his degree, Qadri returned home to Phagwara and joined the faculty of the Phagwara Teachers Training College for three years. In 1961, Dr. [[Mulk Raj Anand]], the founder and editor of the art journal ''Marg'', and associate of the [[Bloomsbury Group]] of London, saw Qadri's work at a faculty exhibition, and became his first patron. Anand visited Phagwara in 1963 with [[Pierre Jeanneret]], an architect and cousin of the architect [[Le Corbusier]], who acquired a painting for his collection. Anand and Jeanneret invited Qadri to bring his work to the newly built city of [[Chandigarh]], capital of Punjab and [[Haryana]], designed by Le Corbusier. Qadri's first exhibition was the second exhibition to be held at Gandhi Bhavan, the Punjab University Library art gallery designed by Jeanneret (the first was MF Husain's). During this time Sohan changed his last name from Singh to Qadri as a sign of devotion to his Sufi teacher.

Qadri gained some critical acclaim and began to paint more seriously, teaching himself about the [[School of Paris]] by reading the magazines ''[[Studio International]]'', ''[[Illustrated Weekly of India]]'', and ''[[Modern Review (Calcutta)|Modern Review]]''. He built himself a studio in Chachoki out of mud and straw bales to continue his art studies, and started creating figurative works, slowly veering toward abstraction, and ultimately abandoning representation in a search for transcendence. "When I start on a canvas," he said, "first I empty my mind of all images. They dissolve into a primordial space. Only emptiness, I feel, should communicate with the emptiness of the canvas."<ref>Chopra, Swati. "Tantrist-Sufi Who Paints With His Soul." Times of India. 27 November 2002. Personal archives of artist.</ref> Instead of using subject matter drawn from the gritty urban world like many of his contemporaries, he searched for subject matter that inspired spiritual feelings and turned to an Eastern mode of expression full of bhava or mood. "I was focusing purely on color and form without distraction from figure," he said.

Qadri developed a methodology of painting during this period that he would use for the rest of his life, dividing pure colors into three categories or parts: dark, warm or cool, and light. Dark colors form the earth element or lower level. Warm or cold colors denote energy, each of which possesses a different vibration (vigorous when warm and mild when cold), and form the middle level, and light colors, the upper level. This allowed for a tripartite arrangement that could be organized in descending or ascending order.<ref>Yadav, R.S. "Sohan Qadri’s Visual Poetics." Arts. Personal archives of artist.</ref>

In 1962, Qadri had his second exhibition at Sridharani Gallery in [[New Delhi]]. After this, with the help of Randhawa and Dr. Anand in Delhi (then chairman of the [[Lalit Kala Akademi]]), several galleries took interest in his work. At the time, Indian artists mostly found patrons among the diplomatic or expatriate community, and among the collectors of Qadri's early art were the Belgian Consul and the Canadian and French ambassadors to India.

==Journey to Africa==
Prompted by Anand, Qadri decided to travel outside of India and devote himself full-time to painting. He had his first international exposure in Africa. Using a fictitious invitation to a wedding in [[Nairobi]], Qadri obtained a passport, and travelled to Mombasa, Kenya, in the luggage hold of a passenger ship. He brought with him all of his large paintings, originally painted in Chachoki for an exhibition at Bombay's Taj Art Gallery, hoping to exhibit them in Kenya. In Mombasa, the port authorities dumped his crate of paintings on the pavement because he could not afford a porter, and he sat with the crate for three days until an acquaintance arrived and agreed to drive them the 300 miles to Nairobi.

Once in Nairobi, he contacted Elimo Njau, a Kenyan cultural figure who visited Delhi often, and had opened two nonprofit galleries, Paa-yaa-paa in Nairobi and Kibo in Marangu, Tanzania.<ref>Kennedy, Jean. "Between the Natural and the Supernatural."New Currents, Ancient Rivers: Contemporary African Artists in a Generation of Change. Washington. Smithsonian Institution Press, 1992.</ref> Njau recognized Qadri's work from the Kunika Gallery in Delhi, and offered Qadri an exhibition. Qadri then went to Prem Bhatia, the Indian ambassador to Kenya, with an introductory letter from Anand. Bhatia agreed to sponsor the show and use the embassy's machinery to promote the exhibition. Bhatia bought the first painting for 75 pounds. The successful exhibition was followed by a show at the Stanley Gallery in the American-owned Stanley Hotel.

==Visit to Europe==
After leaving Africa, Qadri went to [[Zurich]], where he house sat for an architect, Jorge Plangg. Qadri and Plangg formed a bond, and Plangg gave him the keys to an associate's large villa, Tilgenkamp. At Tilgenkamp, Qadri prepared for his first European exhibition, held in November 1966 at the Gallerie Romain Louis in Brussels and arranged with the help of Swiss art critic Mark Kuhn. Of the 23 paintings exhibited, only one was sold.

Shortly afterwards, Kuhn invited Qadri to join him while he interviewed the surrealist painter René Magritte, and Qadri sat quietly while they talked, before playing chess against Magritte.

Before driving with Kuhn from Brussels to Paris to meet Mulk Raj Anand and the Indian painter Syed Haider Raza, Qadri sold five paintings to a couple from Montreal who were on their way back to Canada to open a gallery. Once in Paris, he secured an exhibition in December 1966 at the Gallerie Arnaud alongside European artists including [[Pierre Soulages]], George Michaux, Jean Paul Riepal and Louis Fatoux. Seven years later, he would show his works at Arnaud's sister gallery in Montreal.

When he returned to Zurich, Qadri received an invitation to an international artists' camp in Kushalin, Poland, where he was given lodging, food and painting materials for two months. The Souks Museum of Modern Art in Kushalin acquired one of the paintings he produced during this period. Next to his studio were two Danish artists, painter Bent Kock, and printmaker Helle Thorborg, who were impressed with Qadri's work. In 1969, Thorborg arranged for him to visit Copenhagen, through the Danish cultural ministry.

Before going to Copenhagen, Qadri showed his work in Vienna at the gallery Uni Generation and at the Government Printing Press called d’Orchai. He also showed in Munich at Stenzel Gallerie and stayed for a period in 1968 in Paris where he rented American artist Mimi Vaz's studio in Villa d’Essai. There he mixed with Pierre Soulages and James Michaux, whom he had met at the Arnaud Gallerie, along with the Indian artists Syed Haider Raza, [[Anjolie Ela Menon]], N. Vishwanadhan, and Nikita Narayan. He also met the printmaker [[Krishna Reddy (artist)|Krishna Reddy]] who was working with his wife, Judy Reddy and the British painter [[Stanley William Hayter]].

During this time, Qadri stopped painting with impasto [[Oil painting|oil on canvas]] and experimented with paper, which he considered softer, more feminine, and more suited to works that evolved out of a meditative state.

While in Paris, the Danish Ministry of Culture offered Qadri a show, including traveling expenses and a stipend. The ministry's gallery director bought a painting, as did New Yorker Sam Kanner of Court Gallerie. Christian Oberg, from the graphic department of Denmark's Louisiana Museum, bought several paintings and arranged five exhibitions for Qadri in Denmark.

==Life in Copenhagen==
In 1973, a few years after settling in Copenhagen, Qadri met another important patron, Nobel laureate [[Heinrich Böll]], to whom he was introduced during a show at the Bodo Galuab Gallery in Cologne, Germany. Böll bought several paintings and wrote about Qadri's work. Böll once said, "Sohan Qadri with his painting liberates the word meditation from its fashionable taste and brings it back to its proper origin." During this period Qadri, along with American psychedelic painter Linda Wood and Pere Bacho, took over an old gun factory and helped found the free city of [[Freetown Christiania|Christiania]], where everything belonged to everyone. Qadri found the city an impossible environment to work in, and six months later returned to Hellerup, where he stayed until Dr. Shimitto's death in 1986. He eventually moved into government-sponsored artists' housing.

Though he continued to produce works on canvas, by the mid-1970s, paper was Qadri's preferred medium. "I was perpetually seeking a medium where effort is superfluous. Deep states of being are not brought out by effort," he said.<ref>Marathe, Kaumudi. "Sohan Qadri." Inside Outside. April 1996. pp 20–21. Personal archives of artist.</ref> Qadri said that his work is not philosophical, or designed to excite the thinking process, but instead to arrest the thought process, as in meditation.

Qadri's works are largely monochromatic surfaces which he penetrates with punctures and serrations. The Buddhist scholar [[Robert Thurman]] described his dots and striations as "lustrous bubbles of energy."<ref>Robert Thurman et al., Seeker: The Art of Sohan Qadri (New York: Mapin Publishing, 2005),10.</ref> Qadri transformed paper with these markings, making it into a three-dimensional surface.

Throughout the 1980s and 1990s, Qadri was invited to have exhibitions in Los Angeles, Copenhagen, Nairobi, New Delhi, Bombay, Singapore and New York. Although he never married, he had three children with two partners, one a Keralite Christian and the other a Finn. He also began to plan a spiritual earth art project, a gyan stambha or knowledge stupa, on an ancient trading route in the Punjab in India. The structure, intended to occupy several acres of land, would be devoted to knowledge and peace. Construction of the stupa is in progress. As well as continuing with his art, Qadri taught meditation to advanced students throughout Scandinavia.

[[File:Sohan Qadri, Tripti VII.jpg|thumb|Sohan Qadri, Tripti VII, 2008. Ink and dye on paper, 55 x 39"]]

==Selected bibliography==
*2011 Sohan Qadri: The Seer, Skira Editore, Milano, Italy. {{ISBN|978-88-572-0647-9}}.
*2009 Wonderstand: The poems "Aphorisms" and "The Dot and the dots", Bindu Publishers, Stockholm, Sweden. {{ISBN|978-91-977894-0-0}}.
*2007 Sohan Qadri: Presence of Being, Sundaram Tagore Ink, New York, USA. {{ISBN|81-88204-35-8}}.
*2005 Seeker: The Art of Sohan Qadri, Mapin Publishing, New York, USA
*1999 Sakshi, The Seer, Art & Deal, New Delhi, India
*1995 AntarJoti, Punjabi Sutras, Nav Yug, New Delhi, India
*1995 Aforismer, Danish translation of English Sutras, Omens Forlang, Denmark
*1990 Boond Samunder, Punjabi Sutras, Amritsar, New Delhi, India. The Dot & the Dot's, English Sutras, Writers Workshop, Calcutta, India
*1987 Mitti Mitti, Punjabi sutras, Nava Yug, New Delhi, India
*1978 The Dot & the Dot's Poems & Paintings, Stockholm, Sweden. {{ISBN|91-85778-00-1}}.

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Sohan Qadri}}
* [http://www.sohanqadri.com/ Sohan Qadri website]
* [http://www.sundaramtagore.com/artists/sohan-qadri/ Sundaram Tagore Gallery]
* [http://www.sohanqadri.com/ sohanqadri.com]
* [http://www.beliefnet.com/Entertainment/2005/01/The-Art-Of-A-Seeker.aspx/ Interview on Beliefnet.com] [[Beliefnet]]
* [http://www.yogameditation.com/articles/issues_of_bindu/bindu_0014/you_must_let_yourself_be_swallowed_up Interview on Bindu Magazine]
* [http://www.yogameditation.com/articles/issues_of_bindu/bindu_1/yogini ''Yogini'': Article by Sohan Qadri on Bindu Magazine]

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Qadri, Sohan}}
[[Category:1932 births]]
[[Category:2011 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian male painters]]
[[Category:Danish painters]]
[[Category:People from Kapurthala]]
[[Category:Indian emigrants to Denmark]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian painters]]
[[Category:Indian Expressionist painters]]
[[Category:Painters from Punjab, India]]
[[Category:Government College of Art, Chandigarh, alumni]]
[[Category:Qadiri order]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male artists]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male artists]]

Muslim Gaddi

2026-05-01T05:04:04Z

FinlayPulido6:

{{short description|Muslim community in India}}
{{pp|small=yes}}
{{EngvarB|date=November 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2019}}

The '''Muslim Gaddi''' are a Muslim community found mainly in the [[North India|northern Indian]] states of [[Rajasthan]], [[Haryana]], [[Punjab, India|Punjab]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[Bihar]] and [[Jharkhand]]. They are also known as Ghazi'''.''' Muslim Gaddis are [[Gaddis|Hindu Gaddis]] in origin that converted to Islam.<ref name=":0">[https://ncbc.nic.in/Writereaddata/addmadpl34.pdf Dr. Baba Saheb Ambedkar National Institute of Social Sciences, Mhow research study on 'Gaddi' (Muslims) caste/community] for the Madhya Pradesh state Backward Classes Commission. 1995.</ref>

The Gaddi are a community that has traditionally been associated with farming, mostly cattle. They are involved in the selling of milk, especially those settled in towns. They have much in common with other pastoral communities, In [[western Uttar Pradesh]], Rajasthan and Haryana the Gaddi possess agricultural land, and are a small and medium scale cultivators. However, in [[Purvanchal|eastern Uttar Pradesh]], the Gaddis are still synonymous with milk selling.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Abbasi |first=Parvez A. |title=Social Inequality Among Indian Muslims |date=1999 |publisher=A. C. Brothers |location=Udaipur}}</ref>{{page needed|date=July 2023}} The western Uttar Pradesh Gaddi, like other neighbouring peasant castes have benefited from the effects of the [[Green Revolution in India|green revolution]], and many have successfully begun mechanising their farming, such as buying tractors.<ref name=":1" />{{page needed|date=July 2023}}

==Religion and culture==
The Gaddi are Muslims of the [[Sunni Islam|Sunni]] sect, following various denominations such as [[Hanafi school|Hanafi]], [[Barelvi movement|Barelvi]], [[Deobandi movement|Deobandi]], and even local [[folk Islam]]. They are an [[endogamy|endogamous]] community, practising [[clan]] and village [[exogamy]] in Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh (i.e. not marrying within the clan). Among other Gaddi communities, marriages are preferred within the [[Baradari (brotherhood)|biradari]], and with a marked preference for parallel cousin and cross cousin marriages. The Gaddi tend to reside in multi clan and multi religious villages, often occupying their own quarters. In western Uttar Pradesh, the Gaddi are what is often referred to as the dominant clan, usually making between half and two thirds of the population of the village, and their villages are referred to as Gaddi villages.<ref name=":1" />{{page needed|date=July 2023}}

==Current status==
Like many other rural Muslim communities, Gaddi Muslims have gradually shifted from traditional occupations like animal husbandry to real-estate prominently, or income-generating activities such as trade, and local businesses. However they continue to face challenges in terms of economic mobility and access to modern job markets. Education has been a key area of progress. Bihar and Jharkhand, in particular, have seen efforts to increase literacy rates among its Muslim population, including programs targeting rural communities.<ref name=":2" />

The state of girl education among Gaddi Muslims in India is a work in progress, shaped by both challenges and opportunities. While significant strides have been made in improving the enrollment of girls in schools, there are still considerable hurdles to overcome, particularly in terms of early marriage, economic barriers, and cultural norms. The educational challenges and gender disparities for Gaddi Muslim girls are indeed more pronounced in rural areas rather than urban centers like [[Jamshedpur]], [[Patna]], [[Ranchi]] where educational infrastructure and socio-economic conditions tend to be better.<ref name=":2" />

In Delhi, through the efforts of advocate Noor Mohammad, an All India Gaddi Welfare Association(AIGWA) was founded in the year 1988, with the aim of social upliftment of Gaddis from various parts of India. Gaddis have contributed to the development of modern India by effectively taking part in the scientific and technical establishments, medical profession, legal fraternity, and politics of India. Many Gaddis in India have migrated for better educational and financial opportunities to metropolitan cities like [[Delhi]], [[Mumbai]], [[Hyderabad]], and [[Ahmedabad]]. Many Gaddis have emigrated to western countries in pursuit of better prospects.<ref name=":2">{{cite web | url=https://www.aigsdu.org/ | title=All India Gaddi Samaj |website=aigsdu.org}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}
* {{Cite book |last=Terryn |first=Waylon Christian |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LzYNywAACAAJ |title=Muslim Gaddi |date=2011-10-15 |publisher=Fer Publishing |isbn=978-613-7-43101-6 |language=en}}
{{Indian Muslim}}

[[Category:Punjabi tribes]]
[[Category:Muslim communities of Haryana]]
[[Category:Muslim communities of Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Muslim communities of Bihar]]
[[Category:Muslim communities of Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Social groups of Jharkhand]]
[[Category:Herding castes]]
[[Category:Indian pastoralists]]

Integrated Training Centre, Nilokheri

2026-04-26T02:35:52Z

FinlayPulido6: started basic post w/ sources - done

{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2018}}
{{Infobox organization
| name = Integrated Training Center, Nilokheri
| image =
| image_size =
| image_alt = 
| caption =
| map = 
| map_size = 
| map_alt =
| map_caption =
| map2 = 
| map2_size =
| map2_alt =
| map2_caption =
| abbreviation = ITC, Nilokheri
| predecessor =
| merged_into =  Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises
| successor =
| established = 1948
| founder = [[Government of India]]
| extinction =  
| merger = 
| type = [[Governmental organization]]
| status = company
| purpose =
| professional_title = 
| headquarters =
| location = Nilokheri, [[Karnal district]], [[Haryana]], India
| coordinates = 
| region_served =
| services = employment and training
| membership = [[Small Industries Development Corporation|Small Industries Development Organization]]
| secretary_general = 
| leader_title = Principal
| leader_name =
| leader_title2 =
| leader_name2 =
| leader_title3 =
| leader_name3 =
| leader_title4 =
| leader_name4 =
| board_of_directors =
| key_people =
| main_organ =  
| parent_organization =  Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises
| subsidiaries =
| secessions = [[Central Tool Room Extension Center, Nilokheri]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=116899|title = Central Tool Rooms in the Country}}</ref>
| affiliations =
| budget = 7 [[crore]] [[Indian rupee|rupee]]s (Approx) according to 2011-2012 [[Right to Information Act|RTI]]
| num_staff = 294
| num_volunteers =
| website = 
| remarks =
| former_name = 
| footnotes =
}}
''' Integrated Training Center, Nilokheri''' was an employment and training agency in Nilokheri in [[Karnal district]] in the state of [[Haryana]] owned and managed by [[Khadi and Village Industries Commission]] a statutory body formed by the [[Government of India]] and responsible for upgrading technical skills of technicians.

==History==
It was built around the vocational training centre that was transferred from [[Kurukshetra]], in July, 1948 to the 1100 acres of swampy land on the Delhi-Ambala highway as one of several enterprises intended to provide employment and training for [[displaced person]]s following the [[partition of India]] It was a part of the scheme called "Mazdoor Manzil" aimed at self-sufficiency for the rural-cum-urban township in all the essential requirements of like. This training center was under Small Industries Development Organization (SIDO) and used to provide training to extension officers (industries of State Governments as well as managers and technician entrepreneurs both in modern small scale and traditional village industries. later on Monday 13 April 1958 colony was inaugurated by Shri [[Lal Bahadur Shastri]] current incharge of [[Ministry of Commerce and Industry (India)]] During the Year 1986-87 the center trained 200 technician, 85 women under core women training programme and 57 SIDO officers.<ref>Integrated Industrial Training Centre (IITC)</ref>
<ref>{{Cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cMYD7Zth8qEC&pg=PA4 |title = Entrepreneurial Development in India|isbn = 9788170991908|date = January 1990}}</ref>

==Functions==
ITC as a part of SIDO organisation it provides technical
training to artisans and workers sponsored by the state government. It also organizes
training of Extension Officers engaged in various developmental organization.

==ITC as [[Central Tool Room Extension Center, Nilokheri]]==
Due to some conflict between the Principal and Vice-Principal of Integrated Industrial Training Centre was relinquished.
Later on 23 June 2014 the center was taken over by [[Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises]] which led to its development as Extension Center for Central Tool Room, Ludhiana i.e. [[Central Tool Room Extension Center, Nilokheri]]. [[Central Tool Room Extension Center, Nilokheri]] is currently running various technical short term courses.
It provides summer training programs for graduates and undergraduates studying for Degrees or Diplomas in Engineering or Computer Sciences. This Center specialises in training technicians in [[Mechanical engineering]] related fields.

==Center structure and functions==

The center comes under the [[Government of India]] and has a principal and a vice Principal.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:1948 establishments in India]]
[[Category:Karnal]]
[[Category:Nilokheri]]

Antakshari (film)

2026-04-24T00:22:19Z

FinlayPulido6:

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2024}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Antakshari
| image = Antakshari.jpg
| caption =
| director = [[Vipin Das]]
| writer = Vipin Das Renjit Varma
| producer = Abdul Jabbar Al Jassam
| starring = {{unbulleted list|[[Saiju Kurup]]|[[Priyanka Nair]]|[[Sudhi Koppa]]|Kottayam Ramesh|[[Binu Pappu]]|[[Sandeep Pradeep]]|Sruthy Suresh}}
| music = Ankit Menon
| cinematography = Bablu Aju
| editing = John Kutty
| studio = Sulthan Brothers Entertainment
| distributor = [[SonyLIV]]
| released = {{film date|df=y|2022|4|22}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Malayalam
| budget =
| gross =
}}

'''''Antakshari''''' is a 2022 Indian [[Malayalam]]-language thriller film directed by [[Vipin Das]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-04-18 |title=What if a game of Antakshari evokes fear: Director Vipin Das |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/what-if-game-antakshari-evokes-fear-director-vipin-das-162995 |access-date=2023-08-28 |website=The News Minute |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title='Making Antakshari was a constant battle against myself' |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/2022/apr/26/making-antakshari-was-a-constant-battle-against-myself-2446434.html |access-date=2024-02-11 |newspaper=The New Indian Express | first=Sajin | last=Shrijith | date=26 April 2022}}</ref> The film stars [[Saiju Kurup]], [[Priyanka Nair]], [[Sudhi Koppa]], [[Sandeep Pradeep]], Kottayam Ramesh, [[Binu Pappu]], Sruthy Suresh and others.<ref>{{Cite web |last=nirmal |title=Antakshari Movie : ജീത്തു ജോസഫ് അവതരിപ്പിക്കുന്ന 'അന്താക്ഷരി'; ഒടിടി റിലീസ് ഉടന്‍ |url=https://www.asianetnews.com/entertainment-news/antakshari-malayalam-movie-ott-release-sony-liv-ott-release-jeethu-joseph-saiju-kurup-r8msj0 |access-date=2023-08-28 |website=Asianet News Network Pvt Ltd |language=ml}}</ref> It was released on 22 April 2022, on [[SonyLIV]] platform<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-04-23 |title='Antakshari' review: A singing cop chases a singing serial killer |url=https://scroll.in/reel/1022449/antakshari-review-a-singing-cop-chases-a-singing-serial-killer |access-date=2023-08-28 |website=Scroll.in |language=en-US}}</ref> to mixed reviews from critics.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-04-28 |title=ഭയം നിറയ്ക്കുന്ന അന്താക്ഷരി; റിവ്യൂ |url=https://malayalam.indianexpress.com/entertainment/review/antakshari-malayalam-movie-review-rating-saiju-kurup-643176/ |access-date=2023-08-28 |website=Indian Express Malayalam |language=ml}}</ref>

== Plot ==
The story follows Circle Inspector Das ([[Saiju Kurup]]), stationed in the town of Kedaram, known for his penchant for the game [[Antakshari]]. Unexpectedly, Das receives an anonymous phone call challenging him to participate in an Antakshari.<ref name=":0" /> When he refuses, his daughter becomes the target of an attack. Determined to unravel the mystery, he launches an investigation into the identity of the attacker, connecting past cases with similar patterns. The film explores Das's journey as he unravels the truth behind the escalating events.<ref name=":1" />

== Cast ==
* [[Saiju Kurup]] as [[Circle Inspector|CI]] Das
* [[Priyanka Nair]] as Nurse Chithra
* [[Sudhi Koppa]] as [[Sub-inspector|SI]] Sreenivas
* [[Binu Pappu]] as [[Deputy superintendent of police|DYSP]] Jayachandran Nair
* [[Vijay Babu (actor, born 1976)|Vijay Babu]] as Vasudevan
* Sabareesh Varma as Ananthan
* Kottayam Ramesh as [[Head constable|SCPO]] Hariharan
* Sreejith Kaiveli as Kishore
* [[Boban Samuel]] as Unni
* [[Sandeep Pradeep]] as Karthik
* Sruthy Suresh as CPO Sujatha

== Reception ==
Sajin Shrijith of ''[[Cinema Express]]'' rated the film 4/5 stars and wrote "Antakshari is a long, scary sequence that has Das in the woods at night, armed with just a torchlight, in the hope of confronting the killer."<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Antakshari Movie Review: Ingeniously constructed game of suspense |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/review/2022/apr/22/antakshari-movie-review-ingeniously-constructed-game-of-suspense-31042.html |access-date=2023-08-28 |website=[[Cinema Express]] |date=22 April 2022 |language=en}}</ref> Vishnu Muraleedharan of ''[[Onmanorama]]'' wrote "A nostalgic game gets a terrific makeover.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Antakshari Movie Review: A nostalgic game gets a terrific makeover |url=https://www.onmanorama.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/2022/04/22/saijuk-kurup-antakshari-movie-review.html |access-date=2023-08-28 |website=OnManorama}}</ref> S.R. Praveen of ''[[The Hindu]]'' wrote "The path to the killer is strewn with so many red herrings and parallel tracks, that the scriptwriter even forgets to bring closure to some of these in the end."<ref>{{Cite news |last=Praveen |first=S. R. |date=2022-04-23 |title='Antakshari' movie review: A musical game with a serial killer that rather falls flat |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/antakshari-movie-review-a-musical-game-with-a-serial-killer-that-rather-falls-flat/article65348155.ece |access-date=2023-08-28 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> Suyog Zore of ''Cinestaan'' gave 2 stars out of 5 and wrote "Despite the excellent cinematography, production design and background score, the film's underwhelming climax lessens its overall impact."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Zore |first=Suyog |title=Antakshari review: A meandering suspense thriller with occasional moments of brilliance |url=https://www.cinestaan.com/reviews/antakshari-49008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220603152950/https://www.cinestaan.com/reviews/antakshari-49008 |url-status=live |archive-date=3 June 2022 |access-date=2023-08-28 |website=Cinestaan}}</ref> A review for ''[[The News Minute]]'' rated the film 2.5/5 stars and wrote "The film manages to maintain the suspense, but it tries to tell too much and fails to do it properly."

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|id=17501658}}
* ''[https://www.sonyliv.com/movies/anthakshari-malayalam-1000168963 Antakshari]'' on [[SonyLIV]]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Antakshari}}
[[Category:2022 films]]
[[Category:2022 Malayalam-language films]]
[[Category:Indian thriller films]]
[[Category:2022 Indian films]]

Madhavi Sardesai

2026-04-22T21:27:49Z

FinlayPulido6: Added a entry

{{short description|Indian academic (1962–2014)}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2017}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Madhavi Sardesai
| citizenship = India (from parents)
| image = Madhavi Sardessai (cropped).JPG
| caption = Sardesai in 2013
| occupation = {{hlist|Academic|editor|scholar|writer}}
| awards = ''[[Sahitya Akademi Translation Prize]]'' (1998)
| alma_mater = {{ubl|
* [[Parvatibai Chowgule College]] ([[M.A.]])
* [[Goa University]] ([[Ph.D]])}}
| spouse = Raju Naik
| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1962|7|7}}
| birth_place = [[Lisbon]], Portugal
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|2014|12|22|1962|7|7}}
| children = 2<ref name="GoanObs16">{{Cite web |last=Narayan |first=Tara |date=2016-12-31 |title=REMEMBERING MADHAVI SARDESAI |url=https://www.goanobserver.in/2016/12/31/remembering-madhavi-sardesai/ |access-date=2026-04-22 |website=Goan Observer |language=en-US}}</ref>
| death_place = [[Margao, Goa]], India
| relatives = {{plainlist|
* [[Ravindra Kelekar]] (uncle)
* [[Vijai Sardesai]] (brother)
* [[Subodh Kerkar]] (brother-in-law)
}}
}}

'''Madhavi Sardesai''' (7 July 1962 – 22 December 2014) was an Indian [[Academic staff|academic]] and the editor of the [[Konkani language|Konkani]] literary journal ''Jaag''. She was also a scholar, publisher and writer who worked mainly in the Konkani language in [[Goa]]. She headed the [[Goa University]]'s Konkani Department. Sardesai died on 22 December 2014 from cancer.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.goakonkaniakademi.org/news/news4feb08.htm |title=Dr. Madhavi Sardessai to preside over the all Goa Yuva Sahitya Sammelan |publisher=Goa Konkani Akademi |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121127072537/http://www.goakonkaniakademi.org/news/news4feb08.htm |archive-date=27 November 2012 |url-status=dead |access-date=2013-01-08 |df=dmy-all}}</ref>

==Early life and education==
Madhavi Sardesai was born on 7 July 1962 to entomologist Jaywant Sardesai and his wife Lakshmi. [[Vijai Sardesai]] is her brother while her sister, Savita Kerkar, is married to [[Subodh Kerkar]]. [[Jnanpith Award]]-winner [[Ravindra Kelekar]] was her uncle.<ref name="GoanObs16" />

Sardesai undertook her primary education through the [[Konkani language|Konkani]] medium, and graduated from [[Parvatibai Chowgule College]], [[Margao]] in English and Philosophy. She had a [[Master of Arts]] degree (M.A). in [[linguistics]], and presented work on 'Some Aspects of Konkani Grammar' for her [[MPhil]] degree. Her [[Doctor of Philosophy|PhD]] was from [[Goa University]]'s Department of English for her thesis on ''A Comparative Linguistic and Cultural Study of Lexical Influences on Konkani''.<ref name="oneindia">{{cite news | url=http://news.oneindia.in/2007/01/22/goa-university-scholar-madhavi-sardesai-gets-phd-for-konkani-study-1169455129.html | archive-url=https://archive.today/20130218064711/http://news.oneindia.in/2007/01/22/goa-university-scholar-madhavi-sardesai-gets-phd-for-konkani-study-1169455129.html | url-status=dead | archive-date=18 February 2013 | title=Goa University scholar Madhavi Sardesai gets PhD for Konkani study | work=Oneindia News | date=22 February 2007 | access-date=19 December 2012}}</ref><ref name="timesindia">{{cite news | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/Madhavi-Sardesais-book-release/articleshow/14660140.cms | title=Madhavi Sardesai's book release | date=4 July 2012 | access-date=19 December 2012 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131006171024/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-07-04/goa/32536815_1_book-release-konkani-ravindra-kelekar | archive-date=6 October 2013 | url-status=live | work=[[The Times of India]] | df=dmy-all }}</ref>

Sardesai was married to Raju Nayak, editor of ''[[Lokmat]]'''s Goa edition. Together, they have two daughters, Asawari and Aditi.<ref name="GoanObs16" />

==Career==
Sardesai has worked on the topic of the Portuguese influence on Konkani language<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.navhindtimes.com:80/stories.php?part=news&Story_ID=112829 |title=Global networking for Konkani |date=November 28, 2002 |work=[[The Navhind Times]] |access-date=2018-10-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030220210421/http://www.navhindtimes.com/stories.php?part=news&Story_ID=112829 |archive-date=20 February 2003 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref> and the "linguistic genius" of [[Shenoi Goembab]].<ref>{{Citation |last=Sardesai |first=Madhavi |title=SOD 8 Konkani Research Bulletin |date=2005 |chapter-url=http://tskk.org/publication_disp.php?id=41 |chapter=2. The Linguistic Genius of Shennoi Goembab |access-date=8 January 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304084004/http://tskk.org/publication_disp.php?id=41 |archive-date=4 March 2016 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all }}</ref> She published research papers on the Konkani language, literature and linguistics and also wrote poems, essays, and short-stories. She served as the Executive Editor of the ''Jaag'' monthly and was its editor since August 2007.{{cn|date=April 2025}}

==Death==
Sardesai died on 22 December 2014, at [[Margao, Goa]], India.<ref>
{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/45609778.cms
|title=Sahitya Akademi winner Madhavi Sardesai passes away - Times of India
|work=The Times of India
|access-date=2018-11-20
}}</ref>

==Bibliography==
* ''Bhasa-Bhas'' a book on linguistics.
* ''Eka Vicharachi Jivit Katha'' (Eternal Story of a Thought)
* ''Mankullo Raj Kunvor'', a translation of the children's novelette, ''The Little Prince'', from French into Konkani
* ''Manthan'' (collection of essays)

==Awards==
Sardesai won the award of [[Sahitya Akademi]], [[Delhi]] for creative writing in [[Konkani language|Konkani]] (2014) for her book, ''Manthan''. Earlier, She was awarded the 1998 [[Sahitya Akademi Translation Prize]] for her translation, ''Eka Vicharachi Jivit Katha.''{{cn|date=April 2025}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category|Madhavi Sardesai}}
* [http://www.india-seminar.com/2004/543/543%20madhavi%20sardesai.htm Mother tongue blues]
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YmNFq4VQqRI Dr. Madhavi Sardessai speaks at valedictory function of national seminar on Konkani novel]
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i_SmBeCFpxg Prakash Parienkar on Madhavi Sardessai's book-Manthan]
* [https://archive.org/details/ManthanBookRelease Audio-recording of Manthan release, Konkani]

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sardesai, Madhavi}}
[[Category:1962 births]]
[[Category:2014 deaths]]
[[Category:Konkani-language writers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian linguists]]
[[Category:Indian women linguists]]
[[Category:People from Margao]]
[[Category:Academics from Lisbon]]
[[Category:Scholars from Goa]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian women writers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian writers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian women scientists]]
[[Category:Women writers from Goa]]
[[Category:Women educators from Goa]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian women writers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian writers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian linguists]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Sahitya Akademi Award in Konkani]]
[[Category:Academics from Goa]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Sahitya Akademi Prize for Translation into Konkani]]

Konda Lakshma Reddy

2026-04-19T23:24:33Z

FinlayPulido6: started initial data w/ sources

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name =
| image =
| caption =
| birth_date =
| birth_place = Telangana, India
| death_date = 13 October 2025
| death_place = Hyderabad
| constituency = [[Chevella Assembly constituency|Chevella]]
| office = [[Telangana Legislative Assembly|Member of Telangana Legislative Assembly]]
| salary =
| term = 1983 - 1985
| predecessor = Chirag Pratap Lingam
| successor = [[P. Indra Reddy|Patlolla Indra Reddy]]
| party = [[Indian National Congress|INC]]
| other_party =
| parents =
| spouse =
| children =
| website =
| footnotes =
| date =
| year =
| source =
}}
'''Konda Lakshma Reddy''' was an Indian politician and former legislator of [[Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]. He represented [[Chevella Assembly constituency|Chevella]] from 1983 to 1985.

Lakshma Reddy is the grandson of former [[Deputy Chief Minister]] of undivided [[Andhra Pradesh]] [[Konda Venkata Ranga Reddy]].

Lakshma Reddy started a local news agency News & Services Syndicate (NSS) in 1980 with a passion for journalism. He also worked as President of Jubilee Hills Journalists Cooperative Housing Society and Press Club of Hyderabad.

==Political career==
Lakshma Reddy represented [[Chevella Assembly constituency|Chevella]] from 1983 to 1985. He held Chairman of Andhra Pradesh Sports council, Spokesperson and Grievance Cell Chairman of [[Andhra Pradesh Congress Committee]] (APCC) and unsuccessfully contested [[Lok Sabha]] elections in 1999 and 2014 from [[Hyderabad Lok Sabha constituency]].

==Death==
Lakshma Reddy undergoing treatment for age-related ailments at [[Apollo Hospitals|Apollo Hospital]] in [[Hyderabad]] died on 13 October 2025 at the age of 84.<ref name="Former Chevella MLA and NSS MD Konda Lakshma Reddy passes away">{{cite news |last1= |first1= |title=Former Chevella MLA and NSS MD Konda Lakshma Reddy passes away |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/telangana/former-chevella-mla-and-nss-md-konda-lakshma-reddy-passes-away/article70157434.ece |accessdate=14 October 2025 |publisher=The Hindu |date=13 October 2025 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20251014142652/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/telangana/former-chevella-mla-and-nss-md-konda-lakshma-reddy-passes-away/article70157434.ece |archivedate=14 October 2025 |language=en-IN}}</ref><ref name="Konda Lakshma Reddy, Former Chevella MLA, Passes Away">{{cite news |last1= |first1= |title=Konda Lakshma Reddy, Former Chevella MLA, Passes Away |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/telangana/konda-lakshma-reddy-former-chevella-mla-passes-away-1014153 |access-date=14 October 2025 |work= |publisher=The Hans India |date=13 October 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251014143959/https://www.thehansindia.com/telangana/konda-lakshma-reddy-former-chevella-mla-passes-away-1014153 |archive-date=14 October 2025 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Former Chevella MLA Konda Lakshma Reddy passes away at 84">{{cite news |last1= |first1= |title=Former Chevella MLA Konda Lakshma Reddy passes away at 84 |url=https://telanganatoday.com/former-chevella-mla-konda-lakshma-reddy-passes-away-at-84 |access-date=14 October 2025 |publisher=Telangana Today |date=13 October 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251014144052/https://telanganatoday.com/former-chevella-mla-konda-lakshma-reddy-passes-away-at-84 |archive-date=14 October 2025 |language=en}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:2025 deaths]]
[[Category:Telugu politicians]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Andhra Pradesh MLAs 1983–1985]]

UnboxingBLR Foundation

2026-04-19T16:38:20Z

FinlayPulido6: put up a entry...

{{Short description|Non-Profit Organisation}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2026}}
{{Infobox organization
| name = UnboxingBLR
| image = 
| type = Not-for-profit organisation
| founded = 2023
| founders = [[Prashanth Prakash]], Malini Goyal
| headquarters = [[Bengaluru]], [[Karnataka]], India
| focus = Cultural documentation and civic engagement
| website = https://www.unboxingblr.com
}}

'''UnboxingBLR''' (also known as the '''Unboxing BLR Foundation''') is a not-for-profit organisation based in Bengaluru, India, that engages in cultural documentation, community events, and urban discourse about the city's development and identity. It has been involved in research reports, cultural festivals, and public-private collaborations related to Bengaluru's urban landscape and culture.

==History==
UnboxingBLR was established in 2023 by [[Prashanth Prakash]] and Malini Goyal to document and explore Bengaluru's transformation into a major technology and cultural hub. From an originating collaboration on the book ''Unboxing Bengaluru: The City of New Beginnings'', the platform expanded into a formal not-for-profit entity engaging in cultural and civic programming.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Our Story |url=https://unboxingblr.com/our-story |access-date=2026-01-23 |website=unboxingblr.com |language=en}}</ref>

==Activities and initiatives==
UnboxingBLR has undertaken multiple projects and initiatives related to Bengaluru's culture, data, and urban challenges:

=== Bengaluru Rising ===
The organisation produces a data report titled ''We Are City: Bengaluru Rising'', which presents insights into the city's growth and comparative status among Indian and global urban centres.

=== BLR Hubba ===
[[File:BLR Hubba logo 100.jpg|thumb|Logo of BLR Hubba]]
Cultural festival, ''[[BLR Hubba]]'', features performances, workshops, and public art across multiple venues in Bengaluru.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Anandraj |first=Shilpa |date=2026-01-05 |title=BLR Hubba, a cultural festival for Bengaluru residents, is back with its third edition |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/blr-hubba-2026-a-festival-exclusively-for-bangaloreans/article70472806.ece |access-date=2026-01-23 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

=== Other ===
* In partnership with the [[Government of Karnataka]] and other stakeholders, the organisation supported the Namma Bengaluru Challenge, a programme to identify and support startups addressing urban climate challenges.
* UnboxingBLR has been involved in urban infrastructure collaborations, including revamp and beautification efforts for Bengaluru's Church Street under the BBMP's “Namma Bengaluru, Namma Koduge” programme.<ref>{{Cite news |last= |first= |date=2024-11-14 |title=UnboxingBLR foundation, partnering with BBMP, launches revamping of Church Street |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/unboxingblr-foundation-partners-with-bbmp-to-revamp-church-street/article68868636.ece |access-date=2026-01-23 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Publications==
''Unboxing Bengaluru: The City of New Beginnings'' is a book authored by Malini Goyal and Prashanth Prakash that explores Bengaluru's social, economic, and cultural evolution.

==Partnerships and collaborations==
UnboxingBLR has collaborated with government bodies including the [[Bruhat Bengaluru Mahanagara Palike|Bruhat Bengaluru Mahanagara Palike (BBMP)]] on urban improvement projects, and has partnered with organisations such as Social Alpha, WTFund, and the [[Greater Bengaluru Authority]] for initiatives addressing innovation and sustainability.<ref>{{Cite web |title=UnboxingBLR rolls out major cultural civic innovation initiatives |url=https://www.theweek.in/wire-updates/national/2025/12/01/mes20-ka-unboxing-blr.html |access-date=2026-01-23 |website=The Week |language=en}}</ref>

==Reception and coverage==
The organisation's events and initiatives have been covered in Indian news media, including coverage of [[BLR Hubba]] as a cultural festival and of its role in urban redevelopment projects in Bengaluru.

==See also==
* [[Culture of Bengaluru]]
* [[Non-governmental organisation]]
* [[BLR Hubba]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://www.unboxingblr.com Official website]

[[Category:2013 establishments in Karnataka]]
[[Category:Organizations established in 2013]]
[[Category:Organisations based in Bengaluru]]

Damoh Lok Sabha constituency

2026-04-19T09:00:07Z

FinlayPulido6: Starting a post - done

{{Short description|Lok Sabha constituency in Madhya Pradesh}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| type = LS
| name = Damoh
| map_image = {{Maplink|frame=yes|plain=y|frame-width=300|frame-height=300|frame-align=right|type=shape|from=Lok Sabha constituencies/2019/Madhya Pradesh/Damoh.map}}
| map_caption = Interactive Map Outlining Damoh Lok Sabha constituency
| established = 1962
| mp = [[Rahul Lodhi]]
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| latest_election_year = [[2024 Indian general election|2024]]
| state = [[Madhya Pradesh]]
| electors = 19,25,314<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://elections24.eci.gov.in/docs/WYKXFehhEH.pdf |title=Press Note |author= |date=25 May 2024 |website=Election Commission of India |access-date=11 December 2024 |archive-date=26 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240526095942/https://elections24.eci.gov.in/docs/WYKXFehhEH.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| reservation = None
| assembly_cons = [[Deori (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Deori]] [[Rehli (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Rehli]] [[Banda (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Banda]] [[Malhara (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Malhara]] [[Pathariya (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Pathariya]] [[Damoh (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Damoh]] [[Jabera (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Jabera]] [[Hatta (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Hatta]]
}}

'''Damoh Lok Sabha constituency''' is one of the 29 [[Lok Sabha]] constituencies in [[Madhya Pradesh]] state in central [[India]]. This constituency came into existence in 1962. It covers the entire [[Damoh district]] and parts of [[Sagar district|Sagar]] and [[Chhatarpur district|Chhatarpur]] districts.<ref name="Damoh Lok Sabha constituency of Madhya Pradesh: Full list of candidates, polling dates">{{cite news |last1=Zee News |title=Damoh Lok Sabha constituency of Madhya Pradesh: Full list of candidates, polling dates |url=https://zeenews.india.com/lok-sabha-general-elections-2019/damoh-lok-sabha-constituency-of-madhya-pradesh-full-list-of-candidates-polling-dates-2198260.html |access-date=5 October 2022 |date=2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221005192256/https://zeenews.india.com/lok-sabha-general-elections-2019/damoh-lok-sabha-constituency-of-madhya-pradesh-full-list-of-candidates-polling-dates-2198260.html |archive-date=5 October 2022 |language=en}}</ref>

==Assembly segments==
Presently, Damoh Lok Sabha constituency comprises the following eight [[Vidhan Sabha]] (legislative assembly) segments:
{| class="wikitable"
!#
!Name
!District
!Member
! colspan="2" |Party
! colspan="2" |2024 Lead
|-
|38
|[[Deori Assembly constituency|Deori]]
| rowspan="3" |[[Sagar district|Sagar]]
|[[Brijbihari Pateriya|Brij Bihari Pateriya]]
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=3}}
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=8}}
|-
|39
|[[Rehli Assembly constituency|Rehli]]
|[[Gopal Bhargava]]
|-
|42
|[[Banda, Madhya Pradesh Assembly constituency|Banda]]
|Veerendra Singh Lodhi
|-
|53
|[[Malhara Assembly constituency|Malhara]]
|[[Chhatarpur district|Chhatarpur]]
|Bahin Ramsiya Bharti
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|54
|[[Pathariya Assembly constituency|Pathariya]]
| rowspan="4" |[[Damoh district|Damoh]]
|Lakhan Patel
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=4}}
|-
|55
|[[Damoh Assembly constituency|Damoh]]
|[[Jayant Kumar Malaiya]]
|-
|56
|[[Jabera Assembly constituency|Jabera]]
|Dharmendra Singh Lodhi
|-
|57
|[[Hatta Assembly constituency|Hatta]] (SC)
|[[Uma Devi Khatik]]
|-
|}

== Members of Parliament ==
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Winner
! colspan="2" |Party
|-
|[[1962 Indian general election|1962]]
|[[Sahodrabai Rai]]
| rowspan="3" style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
| rowspan="3" |[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|[[1967 Indian general election|1967]]
|[[Manibhai J. Patel]]
|-
|[[1971 Indian general election|1971]]
|Varah Giri Shanker Giri
|-
|[[1977 Indian general election|1977]]
|[[Narendra Singh Judeo]]
|style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Lok Dal}}" |
|[[Bharatiya Lok Dal]]
|-
|[[1980 Indian general election|1980]]
|Prabhunarayan Ramdhan
|style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress (I)}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress (I)]]
|-
|[[1984 Indian general election|1984]]
|Dal Chandra Jain
|style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|[[1989 Indian general election|1989]]
|[[Lokendra Singh Judeo]]
| rowspan="10" style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
| rowspan="10" |[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|[[1991 Indian general election|1991]]
| rowspan="4" |[[Ramkrishna Kusmaria]]
|-
|[[1996 Indian general election|1996]]
|-
|[[1998 Indian general election|1998]]
|-
|[[1999 Indian general election|1999]]
|-
|[[2004 Indian general election|2004]]
|[[Chandrabhan Bhaiya]]
|-
|[[2009 Indian general election|2009]]
|[[Shivraj Singh Lodhi|Shivraj Lodhi]]
|-
|[[2014 Indian general election|2014]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Prahlad Singh Patel|Prahlad Patel]]
|-
|[[2019 Indian general election|2019]]
|-
|[[2024 Indian general election|2024]]
|[[Rahul Lodhi]]
|-
|}

== Election results ==
===2024===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2024 Indian general election]]: [[Damoh]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Damoh Constituency Lok Sabha Election Results 2024 |url=https://www.brutimes.com/news/politics/damoh-constituency-lok-sabha-election-results-2024 |website=Bru Times News |language=en}}</ref><ref name="2024 Loksabha Elections Results - Damoh">{{cite news |last1=Election Commission of India |title=2024 Loksabha Elections Results - Damoh |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/PcResultGenJune2024/candidateswise-S127.htm |access-date=8 August 2024 |date=4 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240808091717/https://results.eci.gov.in/PcResultGenJune2024/candidateswise-S127.htm |archive-date=8 August 2024}}</ref>}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate= [[Rahul Lodhi|Rahul Singh Lodhi]]
|party= Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes=7,09,768
|percentage=65.18
|change=+4.67
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate= [[Tarvar Singh Lodhi|Tarbar Singh Lodhi (Bantu Bhaiya)]]
|party= Indian National Congress
|votes= 3,03,342
|percentage=27.86
|change=-2.3
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate= Engineer Goverdhan Raj
|party= Bahujan Samaj Party
|votes=21,404
|percentage=1.97
|change=-1.97
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate= Manu Singh Maravi
|party= Bharat Adivasi Party
|votes=7,887
|percentage=0.72
|change=new
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate= Rajesh Singh Soyam
|party= Gondwana Ganatantra Party
|votes=3,190
|percentage=0.29
|change=new
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = None of the above
|votes = 3,190
|percentage = 0.72
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes =4,06,426
|percentage =37.32
|change =+6.97
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes =10,87,123 {{efn|does not include postal ballots}}
|percentage =56.48
|change ={{decrease}}9.35
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}
{{notelist}}

===2019===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2019 Indian general elections]]: [[Damoh]]}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Prahlad Singh Patel]]
|votes = 7,04,524
|percentage = 60.51
|change = +4.37
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Pratap Singh Lodhi
|votes = 3,51,113
|percentage = 30.16
|change = -2.64
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Jittu Khare "Badal"
|votes = 45,848
|percentage = 3.94
|change = +0.48
}}
{{Election box candidate|
|party = [[Pragatisheel Samajwadi Party (Lohiya)|PSP(L)]]
|candidate = Thakurdas Patel
|votes = 9,505
|percentage = 0.82
|change = new
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 3,53,411
|percentage = 30.35
|change = +7.01
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 11,64,405
|percentage = 65.83
|change = +10.5
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===General Elections 2014===

{{Election box begin | title=[[2014 Indian general elections]]: [[Damoh]]}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Prahlad Singh Patel]]
|votes = 5,13,079
|percentage = 56.14
|change = +5.63
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Choudhary Mahendra Pratap Singh
|votes = 2,99,780
|percentage = 32.80
|change = -5.89
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Devendra Chaourasia
|votes = 31,519
|percentage = 3.46
|change = +3.46
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 2,13,299
|percentage = 23.34
|change = +11.51
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 9,13,868
|percentage = 55.33
|change = +11.21
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===General Elections 2009===

{{Election box begin | title=[[2009 Indian general elections]]: [[Damoh]]}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Shivraj Bhaiya
|votes = 3,02,673
|percentage = 50.51
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = [[Chandrabhan Bhaiya]]
|votes = 2,31,796
|percentage =38.69
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party =Samajwadi Party
|candidate =Ahir Kamla Yadav
|votes = 7,826
|percentage =1.31
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 70,877
|percentage = 11.83
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 5,99,124
|percentage = 44.12
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[Damoh district]]
* [[List of constituencies of the Lok Sabha]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://www.indiaelections2014.info/parliament/2019/states/madhya_pradesh/damoh/lok_sabha_parliamentary_election_2019_results.html Damoh lok sabha constituency election 2019 result details]

{{Lok Sabha constituencies of Madhya Pradesh}}

{{coord|23.82|79.44|display=title}}

[[Category:Lok Sabha constituencies in Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Damoh district]]

Pallipattu Assembly constituency

2026-04-16T04:54:05Z

FinlayPulido6: Post

{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2020}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| type = SLA
| map_image =
| established = 1977
| district = [[Thiruvallur district|Thiruvallur]]

| state = [[Tamil Nadu]]
| party = Indian National Congress
| mla = [[E. S. S. Raman]]
| name = Pallipet
| electors= 1,73,462
| reservation =
| abolished= 2008
}}
'''Pallipattu''' is a state assembly constituency in [[Tamil Nadu]]. Elections and winners in the constituency are listed below.

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable" width="50%"
! Year
! Winner
! colspan="2" | Party
|-
| 1977
| [[Ekambara Reddy]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1980 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1980]]
| [[P. M. Narasimhan]]
| {{Full party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|-
| [[1984 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1984]]
| P. M. Narasimhan
| {{Full party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|-
| [[1989 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1989]]
| [[A. Eakambara Reddy]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1991 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1991]]
| A. Eakambara Reddy
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1996 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1996]]
| [[E. S. S. Raman]]
| {{Full party name with color|Tamil Maanila Congress}}
|-
| [[2001 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2001]]
| [[P. M. Narasimhan]]
| {{Full party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|-
| [[2006 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2006]]
| E. S. S. Raman
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|}

==Election results==
{{bar box
|float=right
|title= Vote share of winning candidates
|titlebar=#ddd
|width=300px
|barwidth=275px
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[#2006|2006]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|46.21}}
{{bar percent|[[#2001|2001]]|{{party color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|49.42}}
{{bar percent|[[#1996|1996]]|{{party color|Tamil Maanila Congress}}|67.03}}
{{bar percent|[[#1991|1991]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|50.24}}
{{bar percent|[[#1989|1989]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|30.46}}
{{bar percent|[[#1984|1984]]|{{party color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|39.96}}
{{bar percent|[[#1980|1980]]|{{party color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|35.03}}
{{bar percent|[[#1977|1977]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|33.62}}
}}
===2006===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2006 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Pallipet<ref>{{cite web | last = Election Commission of India | title = 2006 Election Statistical Report | url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2006/StatReport_TN_2006.pdf | access-date = 12 May 2006 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101007200819/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2006/StatReport_TN_2006.pdf | archive-date = 7 Oct 2010}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[E. S. S. Raman]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=58,534 |percentage=46.21% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[P. M. Narasimhan]] |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=51,219 |percentage=40.43% |change=-8.99% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=V. Nethaji |party=Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam |votes=10,957 |percentage=8.65% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=A. Velu |party=Independent politician |votes=1,490 |percentage=1.18% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=R. Radhakrishnan |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=1,336 |percentage=1.05% |change=-25.96% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. Ponramar |party=Independent politician |votes=1,195 |percentage=0.94% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=G. V. Ravi |party=Independent politician |votes=648 |percentage=0.51% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=V. G. Kumar |party=Independent politician |votes=424 |percentage=0.33% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=T. D. Vinayagam |party=Lok Janshakti Party |votes=282 |percentage=0.22% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. Ramesh Kumar |party=Independent politician |votes=257 |percentage=0.20% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. Sreenivasalu |party=Independent politician |votes=174 |percentage=0.14% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=7,315 |percentage=5.77% |change=-16.63% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=126,680 |percentage=73.03% |change= 4.43% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 173,462 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= -3.22% }}
{{Election box end}}
===2001===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2001 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Pallipet<ref>{{cite web |title = Statistical Report on General Election 2001 |url= http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2001/Stat_Rep_TN_2001.pdf |date = 12 May 2001 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006173934/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2001/Stat_Rep_TN_2001.pdf |archive-date=6 October 2010}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[P. M. Narasimhan]] |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=62,289 |percentage=49.42% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. Chakravarthy |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=34,049 |percentage=27.02% |change=26.35% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=P. A. Vinayagam |party=Independent politician |votes=26,081 |percentage=20.69% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=G. Sankaran |party=Puratchi Bharatham |votes=1,558 |percentage=1.24% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. Gajendran |party=Rashtriya Janata Dal |votes=780 |percentage=0.62% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=D. Panchatcharam |party=Independent politician |votes=647 |percentage=0.51% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. S. Govindasamy Muthiraiyar Alias Govindasamy |party=Independent politician |votes=375 |percentage=0.30% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=A. K. Thiruvengadam |party=Lok Jan Shakti Party |votes=258 |percentage=0.20% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=28,240 |percentage=22.41% |change=-26.70% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=126,037 |percentage=68.60% |change= -8.02% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 183,742 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Tamil Maanila Congress |swing= -17.61% }}
{{Election box end}}
===1996===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1996 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Pallipet<ref>{{cite web | last = Election Commission of India | title = 1996 Election Statistical Report | url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1996/StatisticalReport-TN96.pdf | access-date = 19 April 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101007221700/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1996/StatisticalReport-TN96.pdf | archive-date = 7 October 2010}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[E. S. S. Raman]] |party=Tamil Maanila Congress |votes=79,848 |percentage=67.03% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=B. Thangavel |party=Indian National Congress |votes=21,356 |percentage=17.93% |change=-32.31% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. S. Athyaraj |party=Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=11,200 |percentage=9.40% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Dalit P. D. Selvam |party=Pattali Makkal Katchi |votes=5,238 |percentage=4.40% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=A. M. Govindaswamy |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=788 |percentage=0.66% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. Ravi |party=Independent politician |votes=174 |percentage=0.15% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=J. John Joshi |party=Independent politician |votes=126 |percentage=0.11% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. Arumugam |party=Independent politician |votes=119 |percentage=0.10% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=D. Narayanaswamy |party=Independent politician |votes=106 |percentage=0.09% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=J. Arbutharaj |party=Independent politician |votes=100 |percentage=0.08% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=B. Prakash |party=Independent politician |votes=62 |percentage=0.05% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=58,492 |percentage=49.10% |change=17.27% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=119,117 |percentage=76.62% |change= 11.50% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 160,107 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Tamil Maanila Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= 16.79% }}
{{Election box end}}
===1991===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1991 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Pallipet<ref>{{cite web | last = Election Commission of India | title = Statistical Report on General Election 1991 | url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1991/StatisticalReport-Tamil%20Nadu91.pdf | access-date = 19 April 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101007161404/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1991/StatisticalReport-Tamil%20Nadu91.pdf | archive-date = 7 October 2010}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=A. Eakambara Reddy |party=Indian National Congress |votes=48,516 |percentage=50.24% |change=19.78% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=L. S. Annamalai |party=Independent politician |votes=17,776 |percentage=18.41% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=T. Lokanathan |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=14,845 |percentage=15.37% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=C. Thiyagarajank |party=Pattali Makkal Katchi |votes=9,384 |percentage=9.72% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=V. M. Pandiyank |party=Independent politician |votes=293 |percentage=0.30% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. Lesavan |party=Independent politician |votes=229 |percentage=0.24% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. K. Raja |party=Independent politician |votes=208 |percentage=0.22% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=R. Suryanarayanan |party=Janata Party |votes=190 |percentage=0.20% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. K. Nagarathinam |party=Independent politician |votes=147 |percentage=0.15% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=A. M. Gurunathan |party=Independent politician |votes=105 |percentage=0.11% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=G. K. Krishnan |party=Independent politician |votes=93 |percentage=0.10% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=30,740 |percentage=31.83% |change=27.45% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=96,565 |percentage=65.12% |change= -8.36% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 152,410 |change = }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= 19.78% }}
{{Election box end}}
===1989===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1989 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Pallipet<ref>{{cite web | last = Election Commission of India | title = Statistical Report on General Election 1989 | url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1989/StatisticalReportTamilNadu89.pdf | access-date = 19 April 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101006153620/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1989/StatisticalReportTamilNadu89.pdf | archive-date = 6 October 2010}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=A. Eakambara Reddy |party=Indian National Congress |votes=30,417 |percentage=30.46% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=P. M. Narasimhan |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=26,040 |percentage=26.07% |change=-13.88% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=E. M. Swaminathan |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=24,985 |percentage=25.02% |change=-14.94% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=V. Loganathan |party=Janata Party |votes=18,424 |percentage=18.45% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate|change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=4,377 |percentage=4.38% |change=-2.72% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=99,866 |percentage=73.49% |change= -3.10% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 138,436 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= -9.50% }}
{{Election box end}}
===1984===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1984 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Pallipet<ref>{{cite web | last = Election Commission of India | title = Statistical Report on General Election 1984 | url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1984/StatisticalReportTamilNadu84.pdf | access-date = 19 April 2009 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20120117121208/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1984/StatisticalReportTamilNadu84.pdf | archive-date = 17 Jan 2012}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[P. M. Narasimhan]] |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=34,935 |percentage=39.96% |change=4.93% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=A. Bakambaram |party=Independent politician |votes=28,724 |percentage=32.85% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=P. Chinni Krishniah |party=Independent politician |votes=23,770 |percentage=27.19% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=6,211 |percentage=7.10% |change=6.56% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=87,429 |percentage=76.59% |change= 9.09% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 120,983 |change = }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= 4.93% }}
{{Election box end}}
===1980===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1980 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Pallipet<ref>{{cite web | last = Election Commission of India | title = Statistical Report on General Election 1980 | url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1980/StatisticalReportTamil%20Nadu%201980.pdf | access-date = 19 April 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101006231656/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1980/StatisticalReportTamil%20Nadu%201980.pdf | archive-date = 6 Oct 2010}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[P. M. Narasimhan]] |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=26,377 |percentage=35.03% |change=7.54% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=A. Eakambara Reddy |party=Indian National Congress |votes=25,967 |percentage=34.48% |change=0.86% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=E. M. Swaminathan |party=Independent politician |votes=22,964 |percentage=30.49% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=410 |percentage=0.54% |change=-5.59% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=75,308 |percentage=67.50% |change= 3.31% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 113,473 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= 1.40% }}
{{Election box end}}
===1977===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1977 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Pallipet<ref>{{cite web | last = Election Commission of India | title = Statistical Report on General Election 1977 | url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1977/StatisticalReportTamil%20Nadu77.pdf | access-date = 19 April 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101007141448/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1977/StatisticalReportTamil%20Nadu77.pdf | archive-date = 7 Oct 2010}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=A. Eakambara Reddy |party=Indian National Congress |votes=23,480 |percentage=33.62% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. M. Balaraman |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=19,194 |percentage=27.49% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=N. K. S. Ganesan |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=17,252 |percentage=24.71% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=A. Aswatha |party=Janata Party |votes=7,195 |percentage=10.30% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Y. Munuswamy |party=Independent politician |votes=2,449 |percentage=3.51% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=C. Rajagopal |party=Independent politician |votes=260 |percentage=0.37% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=4,286 |percentage=6.14% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=69,830 |percentage=64.19% |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 110,571 |change = }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner=Indian National Congress |loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/ElectionStatistics.asp |title=Statistical reports of assembly elections |access-date=8 July 2010 |publisher=Election Commission of India |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101005110118/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/ElectionStatistics.asp |archive-date=5 October 2010 }}

{{Defunct assembly constituencies of Tamil Nadu}}
{{coord|13.33|N|79.45|E|display=title}}

[[Category:Former assembly constituencies of Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Politics of Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Tiruvallur district]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1977]]
[[Category:1977 establishments in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Constituencies disestablished in 2008]]
[[Category:2008 disestablishments in India]]

Uttarahalli Assembly constituency

2026-04-15T23:26:42Z

FinlayPulido6: put up new post...

{{Short description|Former constituency in Karnataka, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2022}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
|name = Uttarahalli
|state = [[Karnataka]]
|constituency_no = 89
|district = [[Bangalore Urban district|Bangalore Urban]]
|loksabha_cons = [[Kanakapura Lok Sabha constituency|Kanakapura]]
|established = 1962
|abolished = 2008
|type= SLA
| map_image =
| map_caption =
| map_alt =
|electors = 
|reservation = None
}}
'''Uttarahalli Assembly constituency''' was one of the constituencies in [[Karnataka Legislative Assembly]] in India. Its electoral size had gradually become one of the biggest in India. It was abolished in the 2008 delimitation exercise, in accordance with the provisions of the [[Delimitation Act, 2002]], and split into smaller segments.

==Members of the Legislative Assembly==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Election
! Member
! colspan=2|Party
|-
| bgcolor="#FFF58A" | [[1962 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election|1962]] || J. Srinivasa Reddy || {{Full party name with color|Independent politician}}
|-
| bgcolor="#FFF58A" | [[1967 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election|1967]] || [[Y. Ramakrishna]] || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
| bgcolor="#FFF58A" | [[1972 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election|1972]] || B. Basavalingappa
|-
| [[1978 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1978]] || [[M. V. Rajasekharan]] || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party|rowspan=3}}
|-
| [[1983 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1983]] || rowspan="2" | [[M. Srinivas (politician, born 1942)|M. Srinivas]]
|-
| [[1985 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1985]]
|-
| [[1989 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1989]] || [[S. Ramesh]] || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1994 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1994]] || [[M. Srinivas (politician, born 1942)|M. Srinivas]] || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=4}}
|-
| [[1998 elections in India#Karnataka|1998 By-election]] || rowspan="3" | [[R. Ashoka]]
|-
| [[1999 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1999]]
|-
| [[2004 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|2004]]
|}

==Election results==
=== Assembly Election 2004 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[2004 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Uttarahalli <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2004 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2004/StatisticalReports_KT_2004.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006204912/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2004/StatisticalReports_KT_2004.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[R. Ashoka]] |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 313,309 |percentage = 45.38% |change = {{decrease}}4.41 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Somashekar. S. T |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 229,308 |percentage = 33.22% |change = {{decrease}}11.42 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = [[M. Srinivas (politician, born 1942)|M. Srinivas]] |party = Janata Dal (Secular) |votes = 130,153 |percentage = 18.85% |change = {{increase}}14.87 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Gopala Krishnegowda. L |party = Urs Samyuktha Paksha |votes = 6,128 |percentage = 0.89% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Vivekananda. S. K |party = Kannada Nadu Party |votes = 4,870 |percentage = 0.71% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 84,001 |percentage = 12.17% |change = {{increase}}7.02 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 690,363 |percentage = 50.17% |change = {{increase}}2.48 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 690,363}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,376,130 |ref = |change = {{increase}}38.50 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party |swing = {{decrease}}4.41 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1999 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1999 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Uttarahalli <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1999 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1999/StatisticalReport-KT99.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006053217/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1999/StatisticalReport-KT99.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[R. Ashoka]] |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 230,914 |percentage = 49.79% |change = {{increase}}3.30 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = [[S. Ramesh]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 207,009 |percentage = 44.64% |change = {{increase}}6.45 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = D. Muniraju |party = Janata Dal (Secular) |votes = 18,471 |percentage = 3.98% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 23,905 |percentage = 5.15% |change = {{decrease}}3.15 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 473,864 |percentage = 47.69% |change = {{increase}}19.40 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 463,769}}
{{Election box rejected |votes = 10,095 |percentage = 2.13% |change = {{increase}}1.14 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 993,571 |ref = |change = {{increase}}15.61 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party |swing = {{increase}}3.30 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly By-election 1998 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1998 elections in India#Karnataka|1998 Karnataka Legislative Assembly by-election]] : Uttarahalli <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.eci.gov.in/byeelection/BE98/Bye-June1998.htm |title=Bye Elections - Jun. 1998 - Election Commission of India |access-date=21 December 2025 |website=www.eci.gov.in |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |archive-date= 29 October 2004|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041029185359/http://www.eci.gov.in:80/byeelection/BE98/Bye-June1998.htm}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[R. Ashoka]] |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 111,920 |percentage = 46.49% |change = {{increase}}3.47 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = [[S. Ramesh]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 91,946 |percentage = 38.19% |change = {{increase}}8.86 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = H. M. Muninarayana |party = Janata Dal |votes = 34,950 |percentage = 14.52% |change = {{decrease}}8.16 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 19,974 |percentage = 8.30% |change = {{decrease}}5.39 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 243,155 |percentage = 28.29% |change = {{decrease}}25.70 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 240,744}}
{{Election box rejected |votes = 2,411 |percentage = 0.99% |change = {{decrease}}0.86 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 859,453 |ref = |change = {{increase}}35.72 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party |swing = {{increase}}3.47 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1994 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1994 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Uttarahalli <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1994 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1994/StatisticalReport-KT94.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006211324/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1994/StatisticalReport-KT94.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[M. Srinivas (politician, born 1942)|M. Srinivas]] |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 144,193 |percentage = 43.02% |change = {{increase}}39.69 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = [[S. Ramesh]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 98,315 |percentage = 29.33% |change = {{decrease}}25.02 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = H. M. Muninarayana |party = Janata Dal |votes = 76,008 |percentage = 22.68% |change = {{decrease}}8.40 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Ramu. M |party = Karnataka Pradesh Congress Committee |votes = 5,670 |percentage = 1.69% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 45,878 |percentage = 13.69% |change = {{decrease}}9.58 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 341,896 |percentage = 53.99% |change = {{increase}}1.30 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 335,167}}
{{Election box rejected |votes = 6,320 |percentage = 1.85% |change = {{decrease}}2.53 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 633,241 |ref = |change = {{increase}}38.65 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party |loser = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}11.33 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1989 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1989 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Uttarahalli <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1989 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1989/Statistical%20Report%20karnataka%201989.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101007070737/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1989/Statistical%20Report%20karnataka%201989.pdf|archive-date=7 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[S. Ramesh]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 125,065 |percentage = 54.35% |change = {{increase}}12.70 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = [[M. Srinivas (politician, born 1942)|M. Srinivas]] |party = Janata Dal |votes = 71,523 |percentage = 31.08% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = H. Hanumantharayappa |party = Janata Party |votes = 21,449 |percentage = 9.32% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = L. Gurumurthyreddy |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 7,658 |percentage = 3.33% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 53,542 |percentage = 23.27% |change = {{increase}}12.50 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 240,625 |percentage = 52.69% |change = {{decrease}}2.91 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 230,096}}
{{Election box rejected |votes = 10,529 |percentage = 4.38% |change = {{increase}}2.82 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 456,705 |ref = |change = {{increase}}77.90 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Janata Party |swing = {{increase}}1.93 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1985 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1985 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Uttarahalli <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1985 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/Statistical%20Report%20Karnataka%201985.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006143216/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/Statistical%20Report%20Karnataka%201985.pdf |archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[M. Srinivas (politician, born 1942)|M. Srinivas]] |party = Janata Party |votes = 73,655 |percentage = 52.42% |change = {{increase}}1.82 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = [[S. Ramesh]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 58,522 |percentage = 41.65% |change = {{decrease}}1.04 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = M. G. Mani Heggade |party = Lokdal |votes = 4,243 |percentage = 3.02% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Muninarasappa |party = Independent politician |votes = 853 |percentage = 0.61% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 15,133 |percentage = 10.77% |change = {{increase}}2.86 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 142,749 |percentage = 55.60% |change = {{decrease}}6.42 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 140,518}}
{{Election box rejected |votes = 2,231 |percentage = 1.56% |change = {{decrease}}1.26 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 256,723 |ref = |change = {{increase}}50.05 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Janata Party |swing = {{increase}}1.82 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1983 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1983 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Uttarahalli <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1983 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1983/Statistical%20Report%201983%20karnatkaa.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101007124742/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1983/Statistical%20Report%201983%20karnatkaa.pdf |archive-date=7 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[M. Srinivas (politician, born 1942)|M. Srinivas]] |party = Janata Party |votes = 52,175 |percentage = 50.60% |change = {{increase}}2.03 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = C. Narayana Reddy |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 44,018 |percentage = 42.69% |change = {{increase}}37.51 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = V. R. Bolar |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 3,915 |percentage = 3.80% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Venkatesh Murthy |party = Independent politician |votes = 825 |percentage = 0.80% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Thimmanna |party = Independent politician |votes = 648 |percentage = 0.63% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 8,157 |percentage = 7.91% |change = {{increase}}3.44 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 106,106 |percentage = 62.02% |change = {{decrease}}7.51 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 103,115}}
{{Election box rejected |votes = 2,991 |percentage = 2.82% |change = {{decrease}}0.23 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 171,092 |ref = |change = {{increase}}64.35 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Janata Party |swing = {{increase}}2.03 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1978 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1978 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Uttarahalli <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1978 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/Statistical%20Report%20Karnataka%201978.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101007164123/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/Statistical%20Report%20Karnataka%201978.pdf |archive-date=7 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[M. V. Rajasekharan]] |party = Janata Party |votes = 34,081 |percentage = 48.57% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = S. C. Venkatesh |party = Indian National Congress (I) |votes = 30,944 |percentage = 44.10% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = N. Chikke Gowda |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 3,632 |percentage = 5.18% |change = {{decrease}}58.11 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Chandrappa |party = Independent politician |votes = 689 |percentage = 0.98% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Chandrasekharaiah |party = Independent politician |votes = 607 |percentage = 0.87% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 3,137 |percentage = 4.47% |change = {{decrease}}22.11 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 72,381 |percentage = 69.53% |change = {{increase}}20.30 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 70,172}}
{{Election box rejected |votes = 2,209 |percentage = 3.05% |change = {{increase}}3.05 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 104,102 |ref = |change = {{increase}}42.51 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Janata Party |loser = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}14.72 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1972 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1972 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election]] : Uttarahalli <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1972 to the Legislative Assembly of Mysore |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatisRep_Mysore_72.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006074555/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatisRep_Mysore_72.pdf |archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = B. Basavalingappa |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 21,903 |percentage = 63.29% |change = {{decrease}}4.02 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = [[Y. Ramakrishna]] |party = Indian National Congress (Organisation) |votes = 12,704 |percentage = 36.71% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 9,199 |percentage = 26.58% |change = {{decrease}}31.95 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 35,965 |percentage = 49.23% |change = {{increase}}14.46 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 34,607}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 73,050 |ref = |change = {{increase}}32.62 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}4.02 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1967 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1967 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election]] : Uttarahalli <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1967 to the Legislative Assembly of Mysore |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Mysore%201967.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006083645/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Mysore%201967.pdf |archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Y. Ramakrishna]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 11,886 |percentage = 67.31% |change = {{increase}}20.84 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = C. V. Shamabhovi |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,550 |percentage = 8.78% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = H. K. Murthy |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,286 |percentage = 7.28% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Pujadalaiah |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,102 |percentage = 6.24% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Pujarangiah |party = Independent politician |votes = 884 |percentage = 5.01% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Challiah |party = Independent politician |votes = 665 |percentage = 3.77% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = D. Munichinnappa |party = Independent politician |votes = 286 |percentage = 1.62% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 10,336 |percentage = 58.53% |change = {{increase}}51.48 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 19,151 |percentage = 34.77% |change = {{decrease}}26.76 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 17,659}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 55,082 |ref = |change = {{decrease}}1.00 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Independent politician |swing = {{increase}}13.78 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1962 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1962 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election]] : Uttarahalli <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1962 to the Legislative Assembly of Mysore |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Mysore_1962.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006093153/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Mysore_1962.pdf |archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = J. Srinivasa Reddy |party = Independent politician |votes = 17,139 |percentage = 53.53% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = A. V. Narasimha Reddy |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 14,881 |percentage = 46.47% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 2,258 |percentage = 7.05% |change = }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 34,237 |percentage = 61.53% |change = }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 32,020}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 55,639 |ref = |change = }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner = Independent politician |swing = }}
{{Election box end}}

== See also ==
* [[List of constituencies of Karnataka Legislative Assembly]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Vidhan Sabha constituencies of Karnataka}}
{{coords|12.906|77.547|display=title}}

[[Category:Former assembly constituencies of Karnataka]]
[[Category:Bengaluru Urban district]]
[[Category:Politics of Bengaluru]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1962]]
[[Category:1962 establishments in Mysore State]]
[[Category:Constituencies disestablished in 2008]]
[[Category:2008 disestablishments in India]]

Anantnag Assembly constituency

2026-04-14T03:18:30Z

FinlayPulido6: put up new info

{{Short description|Constituency of the Jammu and Kashmir legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2018}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
|name = Anantnag
|type= SLA
| constituency_no = 44
| map_image =
| map_caption =
| map_alt =
|mla = [[Peerzada Mohammad Syed]]
|party = [[Indian National Congress|INC]]
| latest_election_year = [[2024 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|2024]]
|state = [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]]
|district = [[Anantnag district|Anantnag]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Anantnag–Rajouri Lok Sabha constituency|Anantnag - Rajouri]]
|established = 1951
|electors = 
|reservation =
}}
'''Anantnag Assembly constituency''' is one of the 90 constituencies in the [[Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly]] of [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]] a north state of [[India]].

In [[2008 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election]], [[Mufti Mohammad Sayeed]] of [[Jammu and Kashmir Peoples Democratic Party]] won the seat and retained it [[2014 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|in 2014]] and became [[Chief Ministers of Jammu and Kashmir]].In 1977 [[Mirza Afzal Beg]] won the seat and became the first [[Deputy Chief Minister of Jammu and Kashmir]]. His son [[Mirza Mehboob Beg]] won this seat twice in 1983 and 2002 . [[Mirza Mehboob Beg]] also served as the [[Health Minister]] .

==Member of Legislative Assembly==
* 1951: [[Mirza Afzal Beg]], [[Jammu & Kashmir National Conference]]
* 1962: [[Khwaja Shams-ud-Din]], [[Indian National Congress]]
* 1967: Khwaja Shams-ud-Din, [[Indian National Congress]]
* 1972: Khwaja Shams-ud-Din, [[Indian National Congress]]
* 1974: [[Mirza Afzal Beg]], [[Jammu & Kashmir National Conference]]
* 1977: [[Mirza Afzal Beg]], [[Jammu & Kashmir National Conference]]
* 1983: [[Mirza Mehboob Beg]], [[Jammu & Kashmir National Conference]]
* 1987: [[Mohammad Syeed Shah]], [[Independent politician|Independent]]
* 1996: [[Safdar Ali Beg]], [[Jammu & Kashmir National Conference]]
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Year
!Member
!colspan=2|Party
|-
|[[2002 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|2002]]
|[[Mirza Mehboob Beg]]
|{{Full party name with color|Jammu and Kashmir National Conference}}
|-
|[[2008 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|2008]]
|rowspan=2|[[Mufti Mohammad Sayeed]]
| {{Full party name with color|Jammu and Kashmir Peoples Democratic Party|rowspan=3}}
|-
|[[2014 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|2014]]<ref name=election2014>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3797-jammu-kashmir-2014/ |title=Jammu & Kashmir 2014 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=13 November 2021}}</ref>
|-
|2016{{Efn|by-election}}
| [[Mehbooba Mufti]]
|-
|[[2024 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|2024]]<ref name="J&K Election Results 2024: Full list of constituency wise winners2">{{cite news |last1=India Today |date=8 October 2024 |title=J&K Election Results 2024: Full list of constituency wise winners |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/assembly/story/jk-election-results-2024-full-list-of-constituency-wise-winners-2613333-2024-10-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241009163324/https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/assembly/story/jk-election-results-2024-full-list-of-constituency-wise-winners-2613333-2024-10-08 |archive-date=9 October 2024 |access-date=9 October 2024 |language=en}}</ref>
|[[Peerzada Mohammad Syed]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|}
{{noteslist}}

==Election results==
===2024===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2024 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election]]: [[Anantnag]]}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = [[Peerzada Mohammad Syed]]
|votes = 6,679
|percentage = 23.77
|change = {{up}}3.78
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Jammu and Kashmir People's Democratic Party
|candidate = [[Mirza Mehboob Beg]]
|votes = 4,993
|percentage = 17.77
|change = {{down}}45.24
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Hilal Ahmad Shah
|party = Jammu and Kashmir Apni Party
|votes = 4,245
|percentage = 15.11
|change = ''N/A''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party =Independent
|candidate =Mansoor Hussain Soharvardi
|votes = 4,047
|percentage = 14.40
|change =''N/A''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Mir Altaf Hussain
|party = Democratic Progressive Azad Party
|votes = 2,331
|percentage = 8.30
|change = ''New''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party =Independent
|candidate =Mohd Asif Bhat
|votes = 1,930
|percentage = 6.87
|change = ''N/A''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Syed Wajahat Hussain
|votes = 1,508
|percentage = 5.37
|change = ''N/A''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = None of the Above
|party = None of the above (India)
|votes = 640
|percentage = 2.28
|change = ''N/A''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party =Independent
|candidate =Tawseef Nisar
|votes = 560
|percentage = 1.99
|change =''N/A''
}}

{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party =Independent
|candidate =Javaid Ahmad Rather
|votes = 236
|percentage = 0.84
|change =''N/A''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party =Independent
|candidate =Bilal Ahmad Mir
|votes = 209
|percentage = 0.74
|change =''N/A''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Sanjay Saraf
|party = Rashtriya Lok Janshakti Party
|votes = 161
|percentage = 0.57
|change = ''N/A''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Rafiq Ahmed Kunroo
|party = Jammu and Kashmir Awami National Conference
|votes = 155
|percentage = 0.55
|change = ''N/A''
}}

{{Election box margin of victory|
|votes =1,686
|percentage = 6.00
|change = {{decrease}}36.47
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 28,096
|percentage = 46.01
|change = {{increase}}12.18
}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Indian National Congress
|loser = Jammu and Kashmir People's Democratic Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2016 bye-election===
{{Election box begin | title=Bye-election, 2016: Anantnag}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Jammu and Kashmir People's Democratic Party
|candidate =[[Mehbooba Mufti]]
|votes = 17,701
|percentage = 63.01
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Hilal Ahmad Shah
|votes = 5,616
|percentage = 19.99
|change =
}}

{{Election box margin of victory|
|votes =12,085
|percentage = 42.47
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 28,458
|percentage =33.83
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Jammu and Kashmir People's Democratic Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2014===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2014 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election]]: [[Anantnag]]}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Jammu and Kashmir People's Democratic Party
|candidate =[[Mufti Mohammad Sayeed]]
|votes = 16,983
|percentage = 51.30
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Hilal Ahmad Shah
|votes = 10,955
|percentage = 33.03
|change =
}}
{{Election box margin of victory|
|votes =6,088
|percentage = 18.34
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 33,200
|percentage = 39.71
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Jammu and Kashmir People's Democratic Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[Anantnag]]
* [[List of constituencies of Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly]]

==References==

{{reflist}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Jammu and Kashmir}}

{{coord|33.732|75.149|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Jammu and Kashmir]]
[[Category:Anantnag]]
[[Category:Anantnag district| ]]
[[Category:Politics of Jammu and Kashmir]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1951]]

The Legend (2022 film)

2026-04-10T05:52:40Z

FinlayPulido6: put up a info...

{{Short description|2022 film directed by J. D.–Jerry}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2022}}
{{Infobox film
| image = The Legend 2022 poster.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[J. D.–Jerry]]
| writer = J. D.–Jerry [[Pattukottai Prabhakar]] (Dialogues)
| producer = [[Legend Saravanan]]
| starring = {{ubl|Legend Saravanan|[[Urvashi Rautela]]|Geethika Tiwary}}
| cinematography = [[Velraj]]
| editing = [[Ruben (film editor)|Ruben]]
| music = [[Harris Jayaraj]]
| studio = Legend Saravana Stores Productions
| distributor = Gopuram Cinemas
| released = {{Film date|df=y|2022|07|28}}
| runtime = 161 minutes<ref>{{cite news|url= https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/the-legend-certified-u/a-with-a-run-time-of-2-hours-41-minutes-by-cbfc/articleshow/93073512.cms|title= 'The Legend' certified U/A with a run time of 2 hours 41 minutes by CBFC|website= [[The Times of India]]|access-date= 26 July 2022|archive-date= 26 July 2022|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20220726075302/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/the-legend-certified-u/a-with-a-run-time-of-2-hours-41-minutes-by-cbfc/articleshow/93073512.cms|url-status= live}}</ref>
| country = India
| language = Tamil
| budget = 
| gross = 
}}

'''''The Legend''''' is a 2022 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[action film]] directed by [[J. D.–Jerry]] and produced by [[Legend Saravanan]], who makes his debut in the titular role, alongside [[Urvashi Rautela]], Geethika Tiwary (in their Tamil film debut), [[Prabhu (actor)|Prabhu]], [[Vivek (actor)|Vivek]], [[Suman (actor)|Suman]], [[Yogi Babu]] and [[Nassar (actor)|Nassar]] in the supporting roles. The film follows Saravanan, a scientist who returns to India after studying overseas, who tries to find a cure to [[diabetes]] after his friend dies from it.

The film was officially announced in December 2019 under the tentative title ''Production No. 1'', as it is the production house's first venture, and the official title was revealed in March 2022. [[Principal photography]] commenced the same month. It was shot in several locations including [[Chennai]], [[Pollachi]] and the [[Himalayas]]. The film has music composed by [[Harris Jayaraj]], cinematography handled by [[R. Velraj]] and editing by [[Ruben (film editor)|Ruben]].

''The Legend'' was released worldwide on 28 July 2022 in theatres to negative reviews from critics.

==Plot==
Dr. Saravanan is a world-famous scientist and a pan-world dancer who returns to [[India]] permanently to serve the people in his village and takes up the position of principal in his family's educational institution and also teaches students to dance. Saravanan decides to invent a permanent cure for [[diabetes mellitus|diabetes]] after witnessing the death of his childhood friend Tirupathi due to diabetic complications, as well as noticing that Tirupathi's entire family, including his new-born son are diabetics from birth, but later faces obstacles, primarily from the [[Pharmaceutical industry]] led by VJ, the chairman of Ojo Pharmaceuticals who aims to sell medicines for the sake of profit.

VJ has a personal grudge on Saravanan as the latter's invention of antibiotic diagnostic test had caused considerable loss for his company, leading to his older brother's (then-chairman) suicide. VJ sends goons led by his henchman Munna to sabotage Saravanan's research, but Saravanan manages to fight them off. Saravanan meets Thulasi who works as a lecturer in his college. After a few incidents, the duo fall for each other and eventually get married. Thulasi seemingly dies in a car explosion orchestrated by Munna with the intention of killing Saravanan. Accompanied by his uncle Thangam, Saravanan leaves for [[Manali, Himachal Pradesh|Manali]], where Munna is rumoured to be hiding. Saravanan and Thangam manage to catch Munna, but before they can receive information from him, Munna is killed by a mysterious masked person, who later escapes.

Meanwhile, Dr. Madhumitha "Madhu" is also a scientist, who meets Saravanan in Manali and offers to assist him on his research, where Saravanan agrees. Over the next couple of years, the duo and their team, including Saravanan's mentor Dr. Desikan, work extensively on the diabetes cure, named as "Formula J", and soon the cure is ready for [[Human subject research|human testing]]. Vasantha Perumal, a rich man who is a diabetic, offers to volunteer for the 15-day human trial. While Perumal initially shows improvement in his diabetes, he soon falls into a coma for which the blame is laid on Formula J. During a hearing, Saravanan manages to convince the scientists as well as VJ that he will do the trial on another person and if it doesn't work Formula J can be banned.

Saravanan tests Formula J on Tirupathi's widow, who has offered to volunteer, where she gets completely cured Saravana investigates the cause of Perumal's coma, where he finds out that his team member Dr. Venu Paapu had sabotaged the human trial in exchange for money from Perumal's brother-in-law, who wants to kill Perumal and take over his business empire. With the help of his elder brother Dr. Pugazhenthi, Saravanan starts working on a cure for Perumal. Tirupathi's widow is completely cured of her diabetes, thus ensuring that Formula J has had a successful human trial. VJ offers a huge amount of money to Saravanan for Formula J, but Saravanan refuses, as he wants it to be free-of-cost so that poor can benefit as well.

VJ and Desikan (who reveals that he is working for VJ), kidnaps Saravanan and take him to VJ's private prison, where several men, women and children are imprisoned as test subjects for illegally testing medicines developed by Ojo by the company's scientist Dr. Gopi. Among the inmates is none other than Thulasi, who is not dead as presumed. Thulasi was not in the car, but was knocked out as she was still close to the car when the explosion happened. Once she was knocked out, Munna imprisoned her in VJ's prison. Saravanan reunites with Thulasi as well as their son Velan who was born in the prison. VJ, Desikan, Gopi, and Madhu asks Saravanan to give his research to Ojo so that they can develop and sell Formula J for huge amounts of money, failing which they will kill Velan.

Madhu turns out to be VJ's niece and the heiress to the Ojo empire who joined with Saravanan to develop Formula J in revenge for her father's death. Madhu is also revealed to be the "mysterious masked person" who had killed Munna earlier in Manali. Saravanan refuses to give his research and fights with them as well as their henchmen, subduing them, as well as releasing all the prison inmates. Madhu tries to kill Saravanan, but she is later killed by the escaping inmates in a stampede. Saravanan, Thulasi and Velan leave the prison and return home. Ojo Pharmaceuticals is shut down for illegally testing medicines on humans, while Formula J is approved by the [[World Health Organization|WHO]], making its sale and use legal. Perumal comes out of his coma and is cured. Saravanan is honoured by the [[Government of India]] for his success.

Then, VJ is revealed to not be dead in a [[post-credits scene]], where a lead to the second part is cleverly put into place.

==Cast==
{{cast listing|
* [[Legend Saravanan]] as Dr. Saravanan
* [[Urvashi Rautela]] as Dr. Madhumitha "Madhu"
* Geethika Tiwary as Thulasi alias Vaathu, Saravanan’s wife (credited as "Gitika")
* [[Vivek (actor)|Vivek]] as Thangam, Saravanan's uncle
* [[Yogi Babu]] as Dada
* [[Prabhu (actor)|Prabhu]] as Dr. Pugazhenthi, Saravanan's elder brother
* [[Suman (actor)|Suman]] as VJ
* [[Nassar (actor)|Nassar]] as Dr. Desikan
* [[Vijayakumar (Tamil actor)|Vijayakumar]] as Saravanan's father
* [[Latha (actress)|Latha]] as Saravanan's mother
* [[Sachu|Kumari Sachu]] as Saravanan's grandmother
* [[Thambi Ramaiah]] as Thulasi's father
* [[Robo Shankar]] as Thirupati, Saravanan's friend
* [[Devadarshini]] as Thirupati's wife
* [[Mayilsamy]] as Thangam's sidekick
* [[Munishkanth]] as Vasanthan Perumal, a volunteer who helps for diabetes research
* [[Deepa Shankar]] as Vasanthan Perumal's wife
* [[Singampuli]] as VJ's Assistant
* [[J. Livingston|Livingston]] as Dr. Gopi
* [[Mansoor Ali Khan (actor)|Mansoor Ali Khan]] as a politician
* [[Hareesh Peradi]] as Dr. Venu Pappu
* [[Vamsi Krishna]] as Munna, VJ's henchman
* [[Besant Ravi]] as Henchman
* [[Rahul Dev]] as a member of VJ's medical mafia
* [[Amit Tiwari]] as VJ's henchman
* [[Cell Murugan]] as a man from Manali
* [[Ashwanth Ashokkumar]] as Thirupathi's son
* [[Manasvi Kottachi]] as Thulasi's friend
* [[Yashika Aannand]] (special appearance in the song "Mosalo Mosalu")
* [[Raai Laxmi]] (special appearance in the song "Vaadi Vaasal")
* Amudhavanan as Thirupathi's brother-in-law
* KPY Yogi as Dr. Pugazhenthi's assistant
* [[J. D.–Jerry]] (special appearance in the song "Popopo")
}}

==Production==
=== Development ===
Legend [[Saravana Stores]] Productions<ref>{{Cite web |title=Events - Legend New Saravana Stores Brammandamai Production NO-1 Pooja Movie Launch and Press Meet photos, images, gallery, clips and actors actress stills |url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/tamil-events-legend-new-saravana-stores-brammandamai-production-no-1-pooja-photos-79503 |access-date=2023-05-19 |website=IndiaGlitz.com}}</ref> company announced a project with [[J. D.–Jerry]] as the directors which marks their comeback to directing and with Legend Saravanan in the lead role which would mark his debut as an actor in this film after he previously appeared in ad films of his store with multiple heroines of the film industry present in the ad.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2022/mar/04/jd-jerrys-film-with-saravanan-titled-the-legend-30071.html|title=JD-Jerry's film with Saravanan titled The Legend|website=[[Cinema Express]]|date=4 March 2022 |access-date=28 July 2022|archive-date=28 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220728044922/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2022/mar/04/jd-jerrys-film-with-saravanan-titled-the-legend-30071.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name = ":1" >{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/first-look-of-legend-saravanans-film-titled-the-legend/articleshow/89985090.cms|title=First look of Legend Saravanan's film titled 'The Legend'|website=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=10 July 2022|archive-date=10 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220710134527/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/first-look-of-legend-saravanans-film-titled-the-legend/articleshow/89985090.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> It would also marks the first production venture of the businessman-turned actor's production.

[[Pattukkottai Prabakar]] was announced to be writing the dialogues and [[Harris Jayaraj]] was announced to compose the music which marks his comeback to composing after ''[[Kaappaan]]'' while [[R. Velraj]] and [[Ruben (film editor)|Ruben]] were announced to be handling cinematography and editing respectively. It was also reported that SS Moorthy was bought in as the art director, while [[Raju Sundaram]], [[Brinda (choreographer)|Brindha]], and [[Dinesh (choreographer)|Dinesh]] have been roped in as choreographers of the film.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.indiaglitz.com/the-legend-preview-tamil-movie-27451|title= The Legend Preview|access-date= 10 July 2022|archive-date= 10 July 2022|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20220710112551/https://www.indiaglitz.com/the-legend-preview-tamil-movie-27451|url-status= live}}</ref> Initially, it was reported that the film would be a bilingual film made in Tamil and Hindi languages, however these reports proved to be false.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Legend Saravanan and Urvashi Rautela to shoot in Iceland for the Tamil-Hindi bilingual|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/legend-saravanan-and-urvashi-rautela-to-shoot-in-iceland/articleshow/86007466.cms|date=7 September 2021|work=Times Of India|access-date=9 April 2022|archive-date=2 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220702203622/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/legend-saravanan-and-urvashi-rautela-to-shoot-in-iceland/articleshow/86007466.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Casting ===

Legend Saravanan was reported to play the role of a scientist,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/legend-saravanan-confirms-his-second-film-at-the-legend-audio-launch/articleshow/91883900.cms|title=Legend Saravanan confirms his second film at 'The Legend' audio launch|website=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=14 July 2022|archive-date=14 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220714115255/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/legend-saravanan-confirms-his-second-film-at-the-legend-audio-launch/articleshow/91883900.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> while [[Urvashi Rautela]] who appeared predominantly in Hindi films, was cast as the female lead, marking her debut in Tamil cinema. She will be seen playing the role of a microbiologist — an IITian in the film. Actress Geethika Tiwari was also announced to play another female lead in this film.<ref name = ":2" /> Her scenes were shot in Chennai.<ref name = ":2" >{{cite news |url= https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/geethika-tiwary-it-was-a-challenge-to-survive-the-odds-and-sustain-in-the-entertainment-industry/articleshow/86037230.cms |title= Geethika Tiwary: It was a challenge to survive the odds and sustain in the entertainment industry |website= [[The Times of India]] |access-date= 6 July 2022 |archive-date= 5 March 2022 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20220305105421/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/geethika-tiwary-it-was-a-challenge-to-survive-the-odds-and-sustain-in-the-entertainment-industry/articleshow/86037230.cms |url-status= live }}</ref> [[Suman (actor)|Suman]] is also playing a negative role in this film called VJ a filthy medical mafia who is very evil and cruel.<ref>{{cite news|url= https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/meet-urvashi-rautela-the-heroine-of-legend-saravanan-in-jd-jerys-film/articleshow/81470589.cms|title= Meet Urvashi Rautela, the heroine of Legend Saravanan in JD-Jery's film|website= [[The Times of India]]|access-date= 2022-07-01|archive-date= 2022-06-24|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20220624183337/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/meet-urvashi-rautela-the-heroine-of-legend-saravanan-in-jd-jerys-film/articleshow/81470589.cms|url-status= live}}</ref>

The film also has an ensemble cast of actors including [[Nassar (actor)|Nassar]], [[Vivek (actor)|Vivek]], [[Vijayakumar (Tamil actor)|Vijayakumar]], [[Prabhu (actor)|Prabhu]], [[J. Livingston|Livingston]], [[Yogi Babu]], [[Robo Shankar]], [[Sachu]], [[Vamsi Krishna]], [[Latha (actress)|Latha]], [[Deepa Shankar]], [[Hareesh Peradi]], [[Singampuli]], [[Mayilsamy|Mayilswamy]], [[Besant Ravi]] and [[Mansoor Ali Khan (actor)|Mansoor Ali Khan]] in other pivotal roles. Actresses [[Raai Laxmi]] and [[Yashika Aannand]] were signed on to make special appearances in the songs "Vaadi Vaasal" and "Mosalo Mosalu" respectively.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.indiaglitz.com/the-legend-movie-release-date-july-28th-saravanan-urvaashi-rautela-vivek-harris-jayaraj-tamil-news-319338|title= Saravanan's 'The Legend' movie release date announced officially with massive theater count|date= 6 July 2022|access-date= 7 July 2022|archive-date= 7 July 2022|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20220707185207/https://www.indiaglitz.com/the-legend-movie-release-date-july-28th-saravanan-urvaashi-rautela-vivek-harris-jayaraj-tamil-news-319338|url-status= live}}</ref>

=== Filming ===
The film has been shot at various locations abroad, apart from [[Chennai]], [[Pollachi]], and the Himalayas. The team shot a song at a set made on a cost of {{INR}}30 crore.<ref>{{cite news|url= https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/legend-saravanan-resumes-shooting-for-his-debut-film/articleshow/81270685.cms|title= Legend Saravanan resumes shooting for his debut film|website= [[The Times of India]]|access-date= 2022-07-01|archive-date= 2022-06-24|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20220624111204/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/legend-saravanan-resumes-shooting-for-his-debut-film/articleshow/81270685.cms|url-status= live}}</ref>

==Music==

{{Infobox album
| name = The Legend
| type = soundtrack
| artist = [[Harris Jayaraj]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 30 May 2022
| recorded =
| venue =
| studio = Studio H
| genre = [[Film soundtrack|Feature film soundtrack]]
| length = 19:28
| label = [[Think Music India]]
| language = Tamil
| producer = [[Harris Jayaraj]]
| prev_title = [[Kaappaan]]
| prev_year = 2019
| next_title = [[Extra Ordinary Man]]
| next_year = 2023
}}

The music of the film is composed by [[Harris Jayaraj]], making his comeback to composing after ''[[Kaappaan]]'', which marks his first collaboration with both Legend Saravanan and [[J. D.–Jerry]], as well as his return to music following a hiatus of almost three years since 2019's ''[[Kaappaan]]''.<ref>{{cite news|url= https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/music/music-director-harris-jayaraj-records-a-song-with-armaan-malik-for-legend-saravanas-film/articleshow/88342762.cms|title= Music director Harris Jayaraj records a song with Armaan Malik for 'Legend' Saravana's film|website= [[The Times of India]]|access-date= 2022-07-01|archive-date= 2022-06-24|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20220624070656/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/music/music-director-harris-jayaraj-records-a-song-with-armaan-malik-for-legend-saravanas-film/articleshow/88342762.cms|url-status= live}}</ref> The audio rights of the film were purchased by [[Think Music|Think Music India]]. The first single titled "Mosalu Mosalu" was released on 9 April 2022.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/videos/2022/apr/09/mosalo-mosalu-harris-jayarajs-first-single-for-the-legend-out-30794.html|title= Mosalo Mosalu, Harris Jayaraj's first single for The Legend out|website= [[Cinema Express]]|date= 9 April 2022|access-date= 12 July 2022|archive-date= 12 July 2022|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20220712111116/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/videos/2022/apr/09/mosalo-mosalu-harris-jayarajs-first-single-for-the-legend-out-30794.html|url-status= live}}</ref> The second single titled "Vaadi Vaasal" was released on 20 May 2022.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/music/the-legend-second-single-vaadi-vaasal-turns-on-the-celebration-mode/articleshow/91682094.cms|title='The Legend' second single 'Vaadi Vaasal' turns on the celebration mode|website=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=12 July 2022|archive-date=12 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220712113431/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/music/the-legend-second-single-vaadi-vaasal-turns-on-the-celebration-mode/articleshow/91682094.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> The entire soundtrack album was released on 30 May 2022.<ref>{{cite news|url= https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/music/legend-saravanans-film-the-legend-tracklist-revealed/articleshow/91855589.cms|title= Legend Saravanan's film 'The Legend' tracklist revealed|website= [[The Times of India]]|access-date= 12 July 2022|archive-date= 12 July 2022|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20220712113750/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/music/legend-saravanans-film-the-legend-tracklist-revealed/articleshow/91855589.cms|url-status= live}}</ref>

{{Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| headline = Track listing<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.jiosaavn.com/album/the-legend/WARMH8U4w,Y_|title=The Legend Songs Download - Free Online Songs @ JioSaavn|date=9 April 2022 |access-date=2022-07-01|archive-date=2022-06-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220607053859/https://www.jiosaavn.com/album/the-legend/WARMH8U4w,Y_|url-status=live}}</ref>
| total_length = 29:12
| title1 = Mosalo Mosalu
| extra1 = [[Armaan Malik]], [[Mukesh Mohamed]]
| lyrics1 = [[Pa. Vijay|Pa.Vijay]]
| length1 = 4:45
| title2 = Vaadi Vaasal
| extra2 = [[Benny Dayal]], [[Jonita Gandhi]]
| lyrics2 = [[Snehan]]
| length2 = 4:19
| title3 = Kone Komaane
| extra3 = [[Javed Ali]], Chandana Bala Kalyan
| lyrics3 = [[Vairamuthu]]
| length3 = 5:35
| title4 = Maayakari
| extra4 = [[Unni Menon]], [[Bombay Jayashri]]
| lyrics4 = Vairamuthu
| length4 = 4:42
| title5 = Konji Konji
| extra5 = [[KK (singer)|Kay Kay]], [[Shreya Ghoshal]], [[Haricharan]] (Uncredited)
| lyrics5 = [[Kabilan Vairamuthu|Kabilan]]
| length5 = 4:45
| title6 = Popopo
| extra6 = [[KK (singer)|Kay Kay]], Prasad SN, [[Jonita Gandhi]]
| title7 = Saravanan Saravedi
| length7 = 1:06
| lyrics7 = MC Vickey
| extra7 = MC Vickey
| lyrics6 = [[Madhan Karky]]
| length6 = 2:59
}}

== Marketing ==
The [[Moster (motion movie poster)|motion poster]] of the film was unveiled on 3 March 2022 at the film's poster launch held at [[2022 Cannes Film Festival]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.zoomtventertainment.com/tamil-cinema/urvashi-rautela-to-attend-cannes-film-festival-for-poster-launch-of-debut-tamil-film-the-legend-article-91601752|title=Urvashi Rautela to attend Cannes Film Festival for poster launch of debut Tamil film The Legend|access-date=22 July 2022|archive-date=22 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220722190248/https://www.zoomtventertainment.com/tamil-cinema/urvashi-rautela-to-attend-cannes-film-festival-for-poster-launch-of-debut-tamil-film-the-legend-article-91601752|url-status=live}}</ref>

The [[theatrical trailer]] of the film was released on 29 May 2022 in the occasion of the [[music release]] of the film.<ref name= ":7" >{{cite web|url= https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/videos/2022/may/29/the-legend-trailer-out-saravanan-is-here-to-save-the-day-31842.html|title= The Legend trailer out:Saravanan is here to save the day|website= [[Cinema Express]]|date= 29 May 2022|access-date= 2022-07-01|archive-date= 2022-06-24|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20220624074839/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/videos/2022/may/29/the-legend-trailer-out-saravanan-is-here-to-save-the-day-31842.html|url-status= live}}</ref> Within 24 hours days, the trailer crosses over 14 million views.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.news18.com/news/movies/tamil-movie-the-legends-trailer-gets-over-1-crore-views-within-2-days-5283649.html|title= Tamil Movie The Legend's Trailer Gets Over 1 Crore Views Within 2 Days|date= 31 May 2022|access-date= 2022-07-01|archive-date= 2022-06-24|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20220624075202/https://www.news18.com/news/movies/tamil-movie-the-legends-trailer-gets-over-1-crore-views-within-2-days-5283649.html|url-status= live}}</ref> Reviewing the trailer of the film ''[[Cinema Express]]'' wrote "The film directed by the duo JD-Jerry looks like a typical mass entertainer with colourful songs, gravity-defying action, comedy tracks and a mandatory social message in it. From the slick-looking trailer, it is evident that the film boasts of an excellent technical team, rich production values and a stellar ensemble."<ref name= ":7" /> ''Indiaglitz'' too wrote after reviewing the trailer that "The trailer promised a mass entertainer with some gravity-defying action sequences, beautiful locations, colourful songs, comedy tracks and a mandatory social message."<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.indiaglitz.com/legend-saravanan-the-legend-movie-trailer-urvashi-rautela-tamil-movie-debut-tamil-news-315595|title= The banging trailer of Legend Saravanan's 'The Legend' is out!|date= 30 May 2022|access-date= 23 July 2022|archive-date= 23 July 2022|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20220723130202/https://www.indiaglitz.com/legend-saravanan-the-legend-movie-trailer-urvashi-rautela-tamil-movie-debut-tamil-news-315595|url-status= live}}</ref>

The film's music release took place in [[Chennai]] on 29 May 2022.<ref>{{cite news|url= https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/following-vikram-saravanan-aruls-the-legend-to-have-a-grand-trailer-and-audio-launch-on-this-date/articleshow/91654079.cms|title= Following 'Vikram', Saravanan Arul's 'The Legend' to have a grand trailer and audio launch on this date!|website= [[The Times of India]]|access-date= 22 July 2022|archive-date= 22 July 2022|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20220722191426/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/following-vikram-saravanan-aruls-the-legend-to-have-a-grand-trailer-and-audio-launch-on-this-date/articleshow/91654079.cms|url-status= live}}</ref> It was also reported that ten more female lead actresses would be a part of the film's audio launch.<ref>{{cite news|url= https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/from-pooja-hegde-to-tamannaah-10-actresses-to-be-part-of-the-legend-audio-launch/articleshow/91839234.cms|title= From Pooja Hegde to Tamannaah, 10 actresses to be part of The Legend audio launch|website= [[The Times of India]]|access-date= 22 July 2022|archive-date= 22 July 2022|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20220722192225/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/from-pooja-hegde-to-tamannaah-10-actresses-to-be-part-of-the-legend-audio-launch/articleshow/91839234.cms|url-status= live}}</ref> Another pre-release event was also held in [[Cochin]] to promote the film.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.onmanorama.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/2022/07/26/saravanan-arul-the-legend-movie-promotion.html|title= Who is Saravanan Arul, the man spotted in Kochi for 'The Legend' promotions?|access-date= 27 July 2022|archive-date= 26 July 2022|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20220726214428/https://www.onmanorama.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/2022/07/26/saravanan-arul-the-legend-movie-promotion.html|url-status= live}}</ref>

==Release==
=== Theatrical ===
''The Legend'' was released theatrically on 28 July 2022.<ref name = "release" >{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/sarvanan-aruls-the-legend-to-release-on-july-28/articleshow/92651995.cms|title=Sarvanan Arul's 'The Legend' to release on July 28|website=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=6 July 2022|archive-date=6 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220706131141/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/sarvanan-aruls-the-legend-to-release-on-july-28/articleshow/92651995.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> It was initially slated that the film would be released theatrically on 1 July 2022.<ref>{{cite news|url= https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/legend-saravanans-debut-film-to-release-in-july/articleshow/92056055.cms|title= 'Legend' Saravanan's debut film to release in July|website= [[The Times of India]]|access-date= 2022-07-01|archive-date= 2022-06-24|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20220624070432/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/legend-saravanans-debut-film-to-release-in-july/articleshow/92056055.cms|url-status= live}}</ref> However, there were reports suggesting that the film would release on 15 July 2022.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Legend Release Date Is Here |url=https://www.moviecrow.com/News/30689/the-legend-saravanan-release |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220628063833/https://www.moviecrow.com/News/30689/the-legend-saravanan-release |archive-date=28 June 2022 |access-date=8 July 2022 |website=Moviecrow}}</ref> However the release date was postponed.<ref>{{cite web |date=4 July 2022 |title=Legend Saravanan movie 'The Legend' to hit the cinemas on this date? |url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/legend-saravanan-movie-the-legend-release-date-urvashi-rautela-tamil-news-319186 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220706125820/https://www.indiaglitz.com/legend-saravanan-movie-the-legend-release-date-urvashi-rautela-tamil-news-319186 |archive-date=6 July 2022 |access-date=6 July 2022 |website=IndiaGlitz}}</ref>

=== Distribution ===
The theatrical rights of the film in [[Tamil Nadu]] was brought by Gopuram Cinemas.<ref>{{cite web |date=7 July 2022 |title=Gopuram Cinemas to release 'The Legend' in over 800 theatres in TN |url=https://www.dtnext.in/cinema/2022/07/07/gopuram-cinemas-to-release-the-legend-in-over-800-theatres-in-tn |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221123192548/https://www.dtnext.in/cinema/2022/07/07/gopuram-cinemas-to-release-the-legend-in-over-800-theatres-in-tn |archive-date=23 November 2022 |access-date=6 March 2023 |website=[[DT Next]] |agency=[[Indo-Asian News Service|IANS]]}}</ref> The distribution rights of the film in [[Kerala]] was brought by [[Magic Frames]],<ref>{{cite web |date=12 July 2022 |title=சரவணன் நடிக்கும் "THE LEGEND".. கேரள வினியோக உரிமையை கைப்பற்றிய 'பீஸ்ட்' வினியோகஸ்தர்! |url=https://m.behindwoods.com/ta/tamil-movies-cinema-news-ta/the-legend-movie-kerala-theatrical-rights-bagged-by-magic-frames.html?ref=www.google.ae |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230306075255/https://tamil.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-cinema-news-ta/the-legend-movie-kerala-theatrical-rights-bagged-by-magic-frames.html?ref=www.google.ae |archive-date=6 March 2023 |access-date=27 July 2022 |website=Behindwoods |language=Ta}}</ref> while the worldwide distribution rights were acquired by AP International.<ref name = "moviecrow" />

=== Home media ===
The satellite rights of the film sold to [[Star Vijay]] and the digital rights are acquired by [[Disney+ Hotstar]].<ref name="moviecrow">{{cite web |title=The Legend: Theatrical, Satellite & OTT Rights |url=https://www.moviecrow.com/News/30763/the-legend-movie-distribution-satellite-ott |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220714112917/https://www.moviecrow.com/News/30763/the-legend-movie-distribution-satellite-ott |archive-date=14 July 2022 |access-date=14 July 2022 |website=Moviecrow}}</ref> The film was premiered on Disney+ Hotstar from 3 March 2023 in Tamil and dubbed versions of Telugu, Malayalam and Hindi languages.

==Reception==
=== Box office ===
On day 4, of its release the film collected {{INR}}6 crore.<ref name = ":40" >{{cite news|title= 'The Legend' box office collection day 4: The science fiction mints Rs 6 crore worldwide|website= [[The Times of India]]|url= https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/box-office/the-legend-box-office-collection-day-4-the-science-fiction-mints-rs-6-crore-worldwide/articleshow/93272417.cms|access-date= 2 August 2022|archive-date= 2 August 2022|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20220802081615/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/box-office/the-legend-box-office-collection-day-4-the-science-fiction-mints-rs-6-crore-worldwide/articleshow/93272417.cms|url-status= live}}</ref> The film started streaming in the [[Disney+ Hotstar]] on 3 March 2023, where it went on to collect more than {{INR}}65 crores in total revenue with its theatrical and OTT releases combined.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-08-02 |title=A Look At The Legend First Week Box Office Collection |url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/a-look-at-the-legend-first-week-box-office-collection-5673859.html |access-date=2023-10-27 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-05-13 |title=Legend's legendary moments - Tamil News |url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/legends-legendary-moments-tamil-news-336845 |access-date=2023-06-02 |website=IndiaGlitz.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=டிவி |first=தந்தி |date=2023-05-14 |title='தி லெஜண்ட்' படத்திற்கு ரூ.60 கோடி வருவாய் என தகவல்... படத்திற்கு கிடைத்த வரவேற்பால் உற்சாகத்தில் சரவணன் |url=https://www.thanthitv.com/latest-news/the-legend-is-reported-to-have-earned-rs-60-crore-saravanan-is-excited-by-the-response-for-the-film-186147 |access-date=2023-06-02 |website=www.thanthitv.com |language=ta}}</ref>

=== Critical response ===
''The Legend'' received negative reviews from critics.

Avinash Ramachandran of ''[[Cinema Express]]'' gave the film 2 out of 5 stars and wrote "For the uninitiated, the film might be just one big joke, but honestly, Saravanan and team clearly know what they wanted to do with The Legend. They are all in on the joke, and so are we".<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/review/2022/jul/28/the-legend-movie-review-saravananvanity-project-is-more-a-vibe-than-a-film-harris-jayaraj-jd-jerry-33147.html|title= The Legend Movie Review: Saravanan's vanity project is more a vibe than a film|website= [[Cinema Express]]|date= 28 July 2022|access-date= 28 July 2022|archive-date= 28 July 2022|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20220728151515/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/review/2022/jul/28/the-legend-movie-review-saravananvanity-project-is-more-a-vibe-than-a-film-harris-jayaraj-jd-jerry-33147.html|url-status= live}}</ref>

M Suganth of ''[[The Times of India]]'' gave the film 1.5 out of 5 and stated that "The one thing that JD-Jery get right is in glossing their product to hide its two major shortcomings - writing and lead performances. The film is mounted on a scale that reminds us of big-star movies from the 2000s, and even the plastic visual tone (R Velraj is the cinematographer), and grand but empty score (by Harris Jayaraj) are from that time. Alas, if only had they spent some of the money that they have splashed on the needless songs and stunts for the writing! Forget a wannabe star like Saravanan, even a bona fide superstar like Rajinikanth wouldn't have managed to save this vanity project".<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/the-legend/movie-review/93175776.cms|title=The Legend Movie Review : Legend Saravanan's vanity project is commercial cinema at its dullest|website=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=28 July 2022|archive-date=28 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220728044017/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/the-legend/movie-review/93175776.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> Bharathy Singaravel of ''[[The News Minute]]'' rated the film 1.5 out of 5 stars and wrote "Such as putting on display every possible stunt sequence Kollywood has conceived of over the years. To keep pace, Harris Jayraj’s music desperately tries to inflate all the mass moments Saravanan desires. At a run-time of 2 hours 40 minutes, The Legend starts off laughable and quickly becomes unendurably grating. Opinions may differ, but even as a film so awful it could become iconically bad, it fails. It has its utterly charmless hero to thank for that".<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/legend-review-expressionless-saravanan-leads-cringe-fest-166303|title= The Legend review: An expressionless Saravanan leads a cringe-fest|date= 28 July 2022|access-date= 28 July 2022|archive-date= 28 July 2022|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20220728181255/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/legend-review-expressionless-saravanan-leads-cringe-fest-166303|url-status= live}}</ref>

Bhuvaneshvar Chander of ''[[The Hindu]]'' wrote "Sadly, The Legend also fails to consistently be hilarious in its long 160-minute runtime. On top of it all, this is also a film that ridiculously uses Vivekh, even making one feel guilty for disliking the role of the late legendary actor".<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/the-legend-review-an-absurd-campy-saravana-stores-advertisement/article65692727.ece |title='The Legend' movie review: An absurd, campy Saravana Stores advertisement |website=[[The Hindu]] |date=28 July 2022 |last1=Chandar |first1=Bhuvanesh |access-date=28 July 2022 |archive-date=28 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220728182552/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/the-legend-review-an-absurd-campy-saravana-stores-advertisement/article65692727.ece |url-status=live }}</ref> Kirubhakar Prabhakaran of ''[[The Indian Express]]'' gave the film 1 out of 5 stars and wrote "The innate problem of The Legend is that it’s not a movie but a set piece to propel Saravanan into stardom. Even the well-intended story about taking on the medical mafia is exploited to serve the hero. All the scenes are carefully crafted to exalt the hero, and it is saddening and excruciating to see these renowned actors reduced to auxiliary templates with only one objective – to hype up the hero. JD and Jerry have made much better ad films, and The Legend ends up as an elaborate and expensive addition to their stable. The pseudo movie aims to sell Saravanan Arul as a star. Unfortunately, the attempt is in vain since stars – both cinematic and celestial – cannot be designed".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/the-legend-movie-review-an-elaborate-advertisement-of-a-bloated-ego-8057492/|title=The Legend movie review: An elaborate advertisement of a bloated ego|date=28 July 2022|access-date=30 July 2022|archive-date=30 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220730193656/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/the-legend-movie-review-an-elaborate-advertisement-of-a-bloated-ego-8057492/|url-status=live}}</ref>

Jayadeep Jayesh of ''[[Deccan Herald]]'' rated the film 1 out of 5 and wrote "Haris Jayaraj’s music does not reflect his best work. Sloppy VFX and over-saturated cinematography are also minuses of the film. A few self-aware jokes would have made ‘The Legend’ a moderately enjoyable spoof of the vintage ‘masala film’. But the film takes itself way too seriously".<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.deccanherald.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/the-legend-review-an-outrageously-silly-film-1131349.html|title= 'The Legend' review: An outrageously silly film|date= 30 July 2022|access-date= 2 August 2022|archive-date= 6 August 2022|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20220806010108/https://www.deccanherald.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/the-legend-review-an-outrageously-silly-film-1131349.html|url-status= live}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Legend, The (2022 film)}}
[[Category:2022 films]]
[[Category:2022 Indian films]]
[[Category:2022 science fiction action films]]
[[Category:2022 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:Film productions suspended due to the COVID-19 pandemic]]
[[Category:Films directed by J. D.–Jerry]]
[[Category:Films postponed due to the COVID-19 pandemic]]
[[Category:Films scored by Harris Jayaraj]]
[[Category:Indian science fiction action films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language science fiction action films]]

Chebrolu, Kakinada district

2026-04-07T19:29:51Z

FinlayPulido6: Starting a place - done

{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2018}}

{{Infobox settlement
| name = Chebrolu
| native_name =
| native_name_lang = te
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Andhra Pradesh#India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Andhra Pradesh, India
| coordinates = {{coord|17.195653|N|82.315922|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Andhra Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = Kakinada
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| parts_type = [[Taluka]]s
| parts = Gollaprolu
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 14,912
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 533449
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = 08869
| registration_plate =
| website =
| footnotes =
| mapframe = yes
| mapframe-zoom = 14
}}

'''Chebrolu''' is a village in [[Gollaprolu Mandal]]<ref name="vlist">{{cite web|url=http://vlist.in/sub-district/04902.html|title=Villages in Gollaprolu}}</ref> in [[Kakinada district]] of [[Andhra Pradesh]], India.

The village is known for the Seetharama temple and its festival in Srirama Navami used to done for 7 days from Navami.

The village is also known for Seri Culture Cultivation, more than 60% farming is basically on seri culture.

The village is biggest major panchayat in Gollaprolu Mandal.

Various private schools, Government high school and women's intermediate college and Polytechnic, Engineering, MTech & MBA college Namely Adarsh College of engineering are available in the village.

One IPS, 2 Group -2 officers, doctors, government teachers, central and state government employees, railway employees, bankers, police department, software employees, upcoming entrepreneurs and most important, the backbone of the country, farmers.

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Villages in Gollaprolu mandal]]

{{Kakinada-geo-stub}}

Noblewomen Playing Chess in the Zenana

2026-03-26T12:41:53Z

FinlayPulido6: Created

{{orphan|date=November 2025}}
{{Short description|Indian painting}}
{{Infobox artwork
| image = Attributed to Nevasi Lal - Noblewomen Playing Chess in the Zenana.jpg
| artist = Nevasi Lal
| medium = Gouache on Paper
| dimensions = 47cm (h) x 60cm (w)
| museum = Musée Guimet, Paris
| accession = MA12112
}}

'''Noblewomen Playing Chess in the Zenana''' is a [[gouache]], attributed to the Indian artist Nevasi Lal (active during the period 1760-1800), a court painter of [[Awadh]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=GrandPalaisRmnPhoto |url=https://images.grandpalaisrmn.fr/ark:/36255/05-513397 |access-date=2025-04-04 |website=GrandPalaisRmnPhoto |language=en-us}}</ref> He was active during the reign of [[Shuja-ud-Daula]] ( from 1754 to 1775), and [[Asaf-ud-Daula]] (who reigned from 1775 to 1797).

== Style, technique and subject of the painting ==
[[File:GuimetMuseum.JPG|thumb|The [[Guimet Museum]] in Paris, where the gouache is located.]]
This painting is 47 × 62 cm in size and executed in gouache and gold on paper. It is currently at the [[Guimet Museum|National Museum of Asian Arts - Guimet]], in [[Paris]], France (inventory number MA 12112).<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-06-20 |title=De l'Inde au Japon, 10 ans d'acquisitions au musée Guimet |url=https://www.guimet.fr/fr/expositions/expositions-passees/de-linde-au-japon-10-ans-dacquisitions-au-musee-guimet |access-date=2025-04-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170620074347/https://www.guimet.fr/fr/expositions/expositions-passees/de-linde-au-japon-10-ans-dacquisitions-au-musee-guimet |archive-date=20 June 2017 }}</ref>

It is one of the few paintings that survived the [[siege of Lucknow]] during the [[Indian Rebellion of 1857|Indian Rebellion]] of 1857-1858.<ref>{{Cite web |title=chessblog.com - Alexandra Kosteniuk's Chess Blog |url=http://www.chessblog.com/2011/10/rare-watercolour-noblewomen-playing.html |access-date=2025-04-04 |language=en}}</ref> Nevasi Lal, the artist to whom the gouache is attributed, worked in the city of [[Lucknow]], in the second half of the 18th century. This gouache was created between 1780 and 1800.

=== Subject and composition ===
Two Indian aristocratic women play [[Shatranj|a game of shatranj .]] On a summer afternoon at the zenana, family members and servants gather to watch the game. The painter emphasizes the spontaneity, the naturalness of the characters: the children play together, the maids whisper, without being interested in the game, and in the background a mother breastfeeds her infant. A young girl hidden behind a column secretly observes what is happening in the room while another servant brings in the [[hookah]].

The work combines elements from European painting ( skillful representation of perspective, chiaroscuro effects) and the tradition of local miniature in India.

Art critics suggest that the composition of this gouache may have been inspired by the paintings of British artist [[Tilly Kettle]] (1735-1786). Kettle had worked in India from 1768 to 1776, and many of his paintings ended up in Lucknow at the end of the century. They were still there until the sepoy uprising in 1857-1858, and were made available to local artists to make studies and copies.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Markel |first1=Stephen |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-Ek54sGLagMC&q=Noblewomen%20playing%20chess%20Nevasi%20Lal |title=India's Fabled City: The Art of Courtly Lucknow |last2=Gude |first2=Tushara Bindu |date=2010 |publisher=Los Angeles County Museum of Art |isbn=978-3-7913-5075-2 |language=en}}</ref>

==== The game of Shatranj (as seen in the painting) ====
[[File:Позиция_на_картине_Неваши_Лала.png|thumb|Reconstruction of the position of the chessboard pieces on the chatrang board]]
In ''shatranj, the'' game board is single-colored (a unique aspect of the game), and divided into fields by narrow white lines drawn on a black background. This is visible in the painting.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Shatranj |url=https://www.chessvariants.com/historic.dir/shatranj.html |access-date=2025-04-04 |website=www.chessvariants.com}}</ref>

The game has just begun and only one piece has been moved. It can be assumed that it is the rules of the Indian ''shatranj'' that apply because the pawn is moved only one square while in European chess it can be moved two squares from the initial position. In the painting, the kings are not placed in E1 and E8 but in the unusual place of the queens d1 and d8 as is allowed in the ''shatranj''.

The pieces though, are of standard European type and not of the type traditionally used for ''shatranj''.

=== Henry Colebrooke ===
[[Henry Thomas Colebrooke]], an eminent Sanskrit scholar, who lived in India from 1782 to 1814, is supposed to have brought this gouache back to England.<ref>{{Cite web |title=chessblog.com - Alexandra Kosteniuk's Chess Blog |url=http://www.chessblog.com/2011/10/rare-watercolour-noblewomen-playing.html |access-date=2025-04-04 |language=en}}</ref>
[[File:HTColebrooke.jpg|left|thumb|[[Henry Thomas Colebrooke]]]]

This Gouache has been exhibited several times in exhibitions devoted to Indian art of the 18th century.

== References ==
<references />

[[Category:Chess paintings]]
[[Category:Genre paintings]]
[[Category:Shatranj players]]
[[Category:History of Awadh]]
[[Category:18th century in chess]]

Maintenance of Internal Security Act

2026-03-25T18:06:01Z

FinlayPulido6: expanded content

#REDIRECT [[Maintenance of Internal Security Act, 1971]]

{{Redirect category shell|
{{R from move}}
}}

Dwarka Expressway

2026-03-23T07:03:53Z

FinlayPulido6:

{{Short description|Expressway in Delhi and Haryana, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2017}}

{{Distinguish|Dwarka Express}}{{Infobox road
| country = IND
| name = Dwarka Expressway (NH 248-BB)
| image_alt = Welcome sign for the expressway.
| image = Dwarka_Expressway.jpg
| alternate_name = Dwarka Expressway
| map = {{Maplink|frame=yes|plain=yes|frame-width=290|frame-height=300|zoom=9|frame-align=center|type=line|stroke-width=3|id= Q7058857|title=Dwarka Expressway}}
| map_custom = yes
| map_notes = Dwarka Expressway in red
| established = 17 August 2025
| length_km = 27.6
| terminus_a = Shiv Murti, Mahipalpur, Delhi
| terminus_b = Kherki Daula Toll Plaza, Gurugram
| states = [[Delhi]], [[Haryana]]
| header_type = UC
}}

'''NH 248-BB''', also known as '''Dwarka Expressway''', is an existing {{Convert|27.6|km|mi|abbr=on}} long opertional,<ref name=extkale1/> 16-lane,<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.dnaindia.com/delhi/report-dwarka-expressway-with-16-lanes-to-open-by-2023-union-minister-nitin-gadkari-2967996 | title=Dwarka Expressway with 140 lanes to open by 2023: Union Minister Nitin Gadkari }}</ref> including 8-lane [[Elevated highway|elevated]] [[Grade separation|grade separated]] and 8-lane service road,<ref>{{cite web | url=https://bollywoodwallah.in/nitin-gadkari-posted-video-of-indias-first-elevated-expressway-engineering-marvelous/ | title=Nitin Gadkari posted VIDEO of India's first elevated expressway, Engineering Marvelous | date=21 August 2023 }}</ref> [[Expressways of India|expressway]] connecting [[Dwarka, Delhi|Dwarka]] in [[Delhi]] to Kherki Daula Toll Plaza at [[Gurgaon]] in [[Haryana]]. The expressway takes off from km 20 milestone of [[National Highway 48 (India)|NH-48]] at Shiv Murti in [[Mahipalpur]] adjacent to the [[IGI Airport]] in Delhi and terminate at km 40 of NH-48 near [[Kherki Daula]] Toll Plaza in Gurgaon in Haryana.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/gurgaon/nhai-inspects-dwarka-e-way-shiv-murti-to-be-the-zero-point/story-ko4ATlgKPGGwiNxGxUIX4O.html|title=NHAI inspects Dwarka e-way, Shiv Murti to be the zero point|last=Behl|first=Abhishek|date=2016-06-04|work=Hindustan Times|access-date=2017-10-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160604182843/http://www.hindustantimes.com/gurgaon/nhai-inspects-dwarka-e-way-shiv-murti-to-be-the-zero-point/story-ko4ATlgKPGGwiNxGxUIX4O.html|archive-date=2016-06-04|url-status=live}}</ref> The Dwarka Expressway serves as an alternate road link between Delhi and Gurgaon to ease the traffic congestion on the [[Delhi–Gurgaon Expressway]] section of NH-48.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/north/story/delhi-gurgaon-expressway-northern-peripheral-road-delay-commuter-woes-117611-2012-10-02|title=Delay in work on Northern Peripheral Road adds to commuter's woes on Delhi-Gurgaon expressway|last=Kumar|first=Ajay|date=2012-10-03|work=India Today|access-date=2017-10-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170308120907/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/delhi-gurgaon-expressway-northern-peripheral-road-delay-commuter-woes/1/223137.html|archive-date=2017-03-08|url-status=live|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-01-17 |title=Dwarka Expressway - Route, Map, Cost, Progress, and Latest Updates - Infra Info Hub |url=https://infrainfohub.com/dwarka-expressway-route-map-cost-progress-and-latest-updates/ |access-date=2025-05-30 |language=en-US}}</ref>
The Dwarka Expressway corridor has seen rapid residential and commercial development in recent years, especially in sectors of Gurgaon such as 83, 84, 85, and 86.
== History ==

=== Conception ===

Entire project, costing [[Indian rupee|₹]]7,500 [[crore]] was planned in 2006.<ref name=hitup1/> After the land acquisition started in 2007-08,<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/dwarka-expressway-gets-a-shot-in-the-arm/article8415349.ece|title=Dwarka Expressway gets a shot in the arm|last=Kumar|first=Ashok|date=2016-03-31|work=The Hindu|access-date=2017-10-21|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> the construction contract was awarded to JSR Construction Private Ltd and [[Indiabulls|India Bulls]] Private Ltd in April 2011 with the completion date of 31 March 2012.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/mail-today/story/dwarka-expressway-haryana-government-gurugram-delhi-delhi-gurugram-expressway-348022-2016-10-22|title=Troubleshooter for commuters: Haryana government to expand Dwarka Expressway up to 16 lanes|last=Kumar|first=Ajay|date=2016-10-23|work=India Today|access-date=2017-10-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170226130517/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/dwarka-expressway-haryana-government-gurugram-delhi-delhi-gurugram-expressway/1/793327.html|archive-date=2017-02-26|url-status=live}}</ref> Contract was awarded in 2011 and 14 km out of the original 18 route were completed by 2016. Several more kilometre project routes was added to the scope of the project as an extension,<ref name=hitup1/> by altering the originally planned route to the current alignment.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/gurgaon/khattar-orders-completion-of-dwarka-e-way-by-june-2017/story-VQVbWUMPWU5NIsjvUu6wzK.html|title=Khattar orders completion of Dwarka e-way by June 2017|last=Behl|first=Abhishek|date=2016-01-11|work=Hindustan Times|access-date=2017-10-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170706093440/http://www.hindustantimes.com/gurgaon/khattar-orders-completion-of-dwarka-e-way-by-june-2017/story-VQVbWUMPWU5NIsjvUu6wzK.html|archive-date=2017-07-06|url-status=live|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/gurgaon/now-huda-to-hand-over-cpr-project-to-nhai/articleshow/57903110.cms|title=Now, Huda to hand over CPR project To NHAI|last=Jha|first=Bagish|date=2017-03-30|work=The Times of India|access-date=2017-10-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170402051726/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/gurgaon/now-huda-to-hand-over-cpr-project-to-nhai/articleshow/57903110.cms|archive-date=2 April 2017|url-status=live|language=en|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

Land acquisition issues delayed the project for several years. After the [[Punjab and Haryana High Court]] disposed of the petitions by the land owners in May 2015,<ref name=":0" /> the partially completed project was acquired by [[National Highways Authority of India]] and road was renamed National Highway 248-BB in June 2016,<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/gurgaon/dwarka-expressway-to-be-completed-as-national-highway/story-oc1KLfe9DoLuSmGEhW5NAI.html|title=NHAI gives go-ahead for Dwarka Expressway elevation|last=Behl|first=Abishek|date=2016-06-01|work=Hindustan Times|access-date=2017-10-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161127050709/http://www.hindustantimes.com/gurgaon/dwarka-expressway-to-be-completed-as-national-highway/story-oc1KLfe9DoLuSmGEhW5NAI.html|archive-date=27 November 2016|url-status=live|language=en|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/gurgaon/nhai-speeds-up-land-acquisition-for-delhi-part-of-dwarka-expressway/story-W7FUyqTQhxZA6Ap355F4aJ.html|title=NHAI speeds up land acquisition for Delhi part of Dwarka expressway|last=Behl|first=Abishek|date=2016-07-22|work=Hindustan Times|access-date=2017-10-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161231065955/http://www.hindustantimes.com/gurgaon/nhai-speeds-up-land-acquisition-for-delhi-part-of-dwarka-expressway/story-W7FUyqTQhxZA6Ap355F4aJ.html|archive-date=31 December 2016|url-status=live|language=en|df=dmy-all}}</ref> and the scope of the project was expanded by including the proposed Central Peripheral Road (CPR) and 6.3 km long section of Urban Extension Road-II (UER II) as part of the expressway.<ref name="f_report">{{Cite report|url=http://www.nhai.org/Doc/11oct17/Draft%20Feasibility%20Report%20Package%202.pdf|title=Draft Feasibility Report - Package 2 Dwarka Expressway.|date=September 2017|access-date=2017-10-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171215173300/http://nhai.org/Doc/11oct17/Draft%20Feasibility%20Report%20Package%202.pdf|archive-date=15 December 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> But construction couldn't be started immediately as [[Haryana Urban Development Authority|HUDA]] was not able to hand over land to NHAI due to the matter of allotment of alternate plots to oustees being heard in Punjab and Haryana High Court.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/gurgaon/14-reasons-why-dwarka-expressway-is-still-stuck/articleshow/63769980.cms|title=14 reasons why Dwarka Expressway is still stuck|last=Jha|first=Bagish|date=15 April 2018|work=The Times of India|access-date=1 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180416083350/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/gurgaon/14-reasons-why-dwarka-expressway-is-still-stuck/articleshow/63769980.cms|archive-date=16 April 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> On 28 May 2018, the High Court directed HUDA to allot alternate houses to 72 oustees, holding General Power of Attorney or Special Power of Attorney, within two weeks and thus allowing the authority to demolish remaining houses and hand over the land to NHAI.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/gurgaon/dwarka-e-way-oustees-without-registry-to-get-alternative-plots/articleshow/64376099.cms|title=Dwarka expressway oustees without registry to get alternative plots|last=Jha|first=Bagish|date=30 May 2018|work=The Times of India|access-date=1 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180601032847/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/gurgaon/dwarka-e-way-oustees-without-registry-to-get-alternative-plots/articleshow/64376099.cms|archive-date=1 June 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> Still, various parts of the project remained delayed due to land acquisition and tree transplantation hurdles, resulting in the intervention from the [[Prime Minister of India|Prime Minister]]'s office in November 2018 to resolve the pending issues,<ref name=hitup1/> and all the land related issues were resolved within 2018.<ref name=hitup1>[https://www.hindustantimes.com/delhi-news/pm-s-office-may-step-in-to-resolve-delays-in-dwarka-expressway-project/story-4YcA59KRIomL0Nw5Gb3FrN.html PM's office may step in to resolve delays in Dwarka Expressway project], ''Hindustan Times'', 20 Nov 2018.</ref><ref name=award1>[https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/delhi/igi-to-get-two-new-approach-roads-in-three-years/articleshow/63873778.cms Delhi: IGI to get 2 new approach roads in 3 years], Times of India, April 2018.</ref><ref name=agree1>[http://www.asianage.com/metros/delhi/310118/igi-land-to-highway-body-for-dwarka-expressway.html IGI land to highway body for Dwarka Expressway?], Asian Age, Jan 2018.</ref>

Having resolved the land issues, on 08-March-2019 [[Union Council of Ministers|Union Minister]] [[Nitin Gadkari]] laid the foundation stone having already awarded most of the construction contracts.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/india/union-ministers-lay-foundation-stone-for-dwarka-expressway-3626531.html|title=Union Ministers Lay Foundation Stone for Dwarka Expressway|date=8 March 2019 }}</ref> In March 2024, Prime Minister Narendra Modi inaugurated the partially-completed 18.9 km stretch in Haryana,<ref name=mdop1>[https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/transportation/roadways/dwarka-expressway-in-gurugram-opens-for-public-special-features-of-historic-highway/shallow-tunnel/slideshow/108395003.cms?from=mdr Dwarka Expressway in Gurugram opens for public: Special features of historic highway], Economic Times, 11 Mar 2024.</ref> and the entire route of the completed expressway became operational in June 2025.<ref name=extkale1/>

=== Construction ===

Construction packages awarded, from north to south, are as follows:

* '''Package 1 - in Delhi: Mahipalpur Shiv Murti cloverleaf interchange to [[Bijwasan railway station]] underpass, 5.3km including 3.6 km deep tunnel:''' This stretch starts from Shiv Murti at [[National Highway 48 (India)|NH48]] and ends at the Bijwasan Rail Underbridge near Dwarka Sector 21. 3.5 km of this is a deep tunnel running under the runway costing INR1000 crore.<ref name=award1/>

* '''Package 2 - in Delhi: Bijwasan rail underpass to Delhi–Haryana border, 4.2 km elevated:''' from km 5.3 at the Bijwasan rail underbridge till km 9.5 at the Delhi–Haryana border on the expressway.

* '''Package 3 - in Gurugram: Delhi–Haryana border to approach of [[Basai]] railway overbridge, 10.2 km elevated:''' It passes through [https://www.joyvillehomes.com/joyville-gurugram/ Sectors 102], 103, 104, 105, 106, 109, 110, 111, 112 and 113 in Gurugram and has been constructed as an elevated dual carriageway of 4 lanes each.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/gurgaon/gurgaon-10km-elevated-road-to-come-up-on-dwarka-expressway-tenders-invited/story-r6Id3jT4Vz0EzFeJcuhF8H.html|title=Gurgaon: 10km elevated road to come up on Dwarka Expressway, tenders invited|last=Jha|first=Dhananjay|date=2017-09-20|work=Hindustan Times|access-date=2017-10-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170920200222/http://www.hindustantimes.com/gurgaon/gurgaon-10km-elevated-road-to-come-up-on-dwarka-expressway-tenders-invited/story-r6Id3jT4Vz0EzFeJcuhF8H.html|archive-date=2017-09-20|url-status=live|language=en}}</ref> Another 4-lane dual carriage way of the service roads run beneath the main carriageway.<ref name="f_report"/>

* '''Package 4 - in Gurugram: Basai rail overbridge to Kherki Daula Toll Plaza, 8.77 km elevated, cost INR 1,333 crore:''' From Rail over Bridge at Basai to the [[cloverleaf interchange]] near Kherki Daula will be constructed on EPC Mode at a cost of ₹1,047.007 crore by M/s [[Larsen & Toubro|Larsen and Toubro]] Ltd. The project consists of an 8-lane elevated structure for the main carriageway of Dwarka Expressway, Trumpet Interchange for Manesar Road and Cloverleaf interchange with NH-8-SPR intersection. The completion period of the project is two years with a maintenance period of four years. Under the project, a minor bridge will be widened, additional ROBs, five VUP, six Bus Bays with Bus Shelter will be erected and four Junction Improvements will be carried out.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/gurgaon/huda-to-acquire-10-acres-land-for-revised-cpr-plan/story-BC1kHkAULTjHih1iLGYdWJ.html|title=Huda to acquire 10 acres land for revised CPR plan|last=Jha|first=Dhananjay|date=2017-10-18|work=Hindustan Times|access-date=2017-10-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171022201429/http://www.hindustantimes.com/gurgaon/huda-to-acquire-10-acres-land-for-revised-cpr-plan/story-BC1kHkAULTjHih1iLGYdWJ.html|archive-date=2017-10-22|url-status=live|language=en}}</ref><ref name=statusdec07>[https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/business/economy/haryana-govt-transfers-land-to-nhai-to-start-construction-of-dwarka-e-way-3261101.html Haryana govt transfers land to NHAI to start construction of Dwarka e-way], Moneycontrol.com, 7 Dec 2018.</ref>

* '''Package 5 - in Delhi: Mahipalpur Shiv Murti to IGI Airport T3 Tunnel (also called ''Delhi Airport Tunnel Expressway''), 2.3 km shallow tunnel to T3''': An east-to-west running new INR350 crore 4-lane shallow 2.3 km tunnel as part of Dwarka Expressway from Shiv Murti to Terminal 3 of [[Indira Gandhi International Airport]].<ref name=mdop1>[https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/transportation/roadways/dwarka-expressway-in-gurugram-opens-for-public-special-features-of-historic-highway/shallow-tunnel/slideshow/108395003.cms?from=mdr Dwarka Expressway in Gurugram opens for public: Special features of historic highway], Economic Times, 11 Mar 2024.</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/economy/infrastructure/government-invites-bids-for-consultant-for-4-km-tunnel-from-dwarka-expressway/articleshow/61696132.cms|title=Government invites bids for consultant for 4-km tunnel from Dwarka Expressway|last=Sharma|first=Aman|date=18 November 2017|work=The Economic Times|access-date=1 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201104247/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/economy/infrastructure/government-invites-bids-for-consultant-for-4-km-tunnel-from-dwarka-expressway/articleshow/61696132.cms|archive-date=1 December 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Route ==

=== Existing ===

The route alignment to the west of Gurgaon is as follows:<ref name=route1>[https://www.google.com.sg/maps/dir/T3,+Indira+Gandhi+International+Airport,+New+Delhi,+Delhi,+India/Mahipalpur,+New+Delhi,+Delhi,+India/Bijwasan+Railway+Station,+Nayak+Pura,+Bijwasan,+New+Delhi,+Delhi,+India/Basai+Rail+Overbridge,+Gurugram,+Haryana,+India/Kherki+Daula+Toll+Plaza,+Gurugram,+Haryana/@28.475275,76.9041332,11z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m32!4m31!1m5!1m1!1s0x390d1b9993a248df:0x28f954cbf617fd67!2m2!1d77.0844015!2d28.5550838!1m5!1m1!1s0x390d1c1514f5a741:0x545ffeef6b14c5aa!2m2!1d77.1281345!2d28.5448686!1m5!1m1!1s0x390d1a35dd137225:0xbc0413c065149702!2m2!1d77.0512732!2d28.53685!1m5!1m1!1s0x390d164da5c4a2bf:0x112cd4d3891ae56f!2m2!1d76.9630298!2d28.4537001!1m5!1m1!1s0x390d3d6b5e36a693:0x8b3d0eb225d6d48d!2m2!1d76.9818127!2d28.3956097!3e2 Route of Dwarka expressway].</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/gurgaon/gurgaon-npr-project-report-to-be-submitted-this-week-tenders-to-be-floated-soon/story-LyXtIE1yXojwB1MUhHeg8L.html|title=Gurgaon: NPR project report to be submitted this week, tenders to be floated soon|last=Jha|first=Dhananjay|date=2017-06-20|work=Hindustan Times|access-date=2017-10-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170627111255/http://www.hindustantimes.com/gurgaon/gurgaon-npr-project-report-to-be-submitted-this-week-tenders-to-be-floated-soon/story-LyXtIE1yXojwB1MUhHeg8L.html|archive-date=2017-06-27|url-status=live|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/economy/infrastructure/7-projects-to-reduce-load-on-nh-8-stretch/articleshow/60054944.cms|title=7 projects to reduce load on NH-8 stretch|last=Dash|first=Deepak K.|date=2017-08-14|work=The Economic Times|access-date=2017-10-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170819164852/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/delhi/7-projects-to-reduce-load-on-nh-8-stretch/articleshow/60049975.cms|archive-date=2017-08-19|url-status=live|language=en}}</ref>

* In Delhi
** [[Mahipalpur]], commences at Shiv Murti on 20 km milestone of NH 48
** Along [[Indira Gandhi International Airport]] southern perimeter
** Under Delhi–Rewari railway line near new terminus of [[Bijwasan railway station]]
** [[Dwarka, Delhi|Dwarka]] Sectors 21, 22, 25, 27, 28
** Najafgarh-Bijwasan Road
* In Haryana
** [[Bajghera]] village in Gurgaon
** Road bridge over Delhi-Rewari railway line at Sectors 99 x 37D in Gurgaon
** [[National Highway 352W (India)|National Highway 352W]] (Pataudi Road) near [[Garhi Harsaru|Harsaru]] in Gurgaon
** [[Kherki Daula]] Toll Plaza, terminates here to [[Delhi–Mumbai Expressway]] and Southern Peripheral Road (Ghata-Kherki Daula 16  km route to east of Gurugram)

=== Planned extensions ===

* '''[[Urban_Extension_Road-II#Rangpuri|Shiv Murti-Vasant Kunj Tunnel]]''' (Rangpuri Bypass Expressway): 6-lane expressway from Shiv Murti on Dwarka Expressway & NH-48 intersection to Nelson Mandela Marg in [[Vasant Kunj]] with interchanges at Andheria Mor and [[National Highway 148A (India)|NH148A]] Anuvrat Marg-Mehraul intersection, then [[Mehrauli]] to [[Badarpur, Delhi|Badarpur]] at [[National Highway 19 (India)|NH19]].<ref name=new3>[https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/noida/factories-to-flyovers-what-2022-has-in-store-for-noida-gr-noida/articleshow/88576839.cms Factories to flyovers, what 2021 has in store for Noida and greater Noida.], Times of India, 31 December 2021</ref>

* '''Shiv Murti-Sarai Kale Khan Tunnel''': The northern end of the tunnel at Mahipalpur in Delhi from the existing Shiv Murti is planned to be extended another 18 to 20 km to [[Sarai Kale Khan]] multi-model transport hub where the bus station, suburban metro, NCR regional RRTS, long-distance national rail, etc are co-located (June 2025 update).<ref name=extkale1>[https://www.msn.com/hi-in/autos/news/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0-%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%95-%E0%A4%B9-%E0%A4%88%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87-%E0%A4%95-%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87-%E0%A4%96-%E0%A4%82-%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87-igi-%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%95-%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B2-%E0%A4%A6-%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2-%E0%A4%95-%E0%A4%AE-%E0%A4%B2-%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%88-24000-%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0-%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BC-%E0%A4%95-%E0%A4%B8-%E0%A4%97-%E0%A4%A4/ar-AA1G3WHY?ocid=msedgntp&pc=U531&cvid=b2f4e48725d34a678653d3b259df0e1e&ei=34 कटरा तक हाईवे, काले खां से IGI तक टनल... दिल्ली को मिल गई 24000 करोड़ की सौगात], MSN, 4 June 2025.</ref>

==Related connectivity==

===Existing connectivity===

* '''Northern end of Dwarka Expressway in Delhi''': connects to the [[Urban Extension Road-II|UER II]] (NH-344M), IGI Airport, [[Delhi–Gurgaon Expressway]] (part of NH-48), and [[Delhi Metro]] NCR suburban rail.

* '''Southern end of Dwarka Expressway in Gurugram''': connects to the NH-48 which in turn connects to the [[Western Peripheral Expressway]] (WPE), [[National_Capital_Region_Transport_Corporation#Establishment|RRTS]] Delhi NCR regional rail, and [[Inter-State Bus Terminals|Kherki Daula ISBT]] bus terminal. The WPE in turn connects to the [[Haryana Orbital Rail Corridor]], [[Eastern Peripheral Expressway]] (EPE), [[Delhi–Mumbai Expressway]], [[Delhi–Amritsar–Katra Expressway]], [[Delhi–Faridabad Skyway]] and [[DND Flyway]].

===Future connectivity===

{{anchor| MIVB }}
* '''11 Murti-INA-Vasant Kunj-Bandhwari-Gurugram Elevated Highway''': The route from 11 Murti Circle (on Mother Teresa Crescent), to [[INA Colony]] and Nelson Mandela Marg in Vasant Kunj in New Delhi to Gurugram-Faridabad Road ([[Bandhwari Landfill|Bandhwari]] and Ghata) will be upgraded to the elevated expressway.<ref name=extkale1/><ref name=mut1>[https://www.msn.com/hi-in/autos/news/%E0%A4%B8-%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D-%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B2-%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0-%E0%A4%B9-%E0%A4%9C-%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%97-%E0%A4%A6-%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D-%E0%A4%B2-%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%95-%E0%A4%B6-%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87-%E0%A4%AA-%E0%A4%A4-%E0%A4%B2-%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%95-%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%97-%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BC%E0%A4%95-%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D-%E0%A4%AE-%E0%A4%B9-%E0%A4%9C-%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%97-%E0%A4%9C-%E0%A4%AE/ar-AA1G7Z4t?ocid=msedgntp&pc=U531&cvid=3dc6a0956ddd45ce9d4ef6746f827ce0&ei=49 सिग्‍नल फ्री हो जाएगी दिल्‍ली! आकाश से पाताल तक बनेगी सड़क, खत्‍म हो जाएगा जाम], MSN, 5 June 2025.</ref> In addition to the existing NH-48 and Dwarka Expressway, it will serve as the third major highway between Delhi and Gurugram.

* '''Delhi–Jaipur SuperExpressway''' ([[National Highway 352B (India)|NH-352B]]), is a greenfield expressway which is under construction of ₹6,530 crore 6-lane 195-km-long from [[Kherki Daula]] (from Dwarka Expressway in [[Gurgaon]]) to [[Chandwaji]] (on [[National Highway 48 (India)|NH-48]] on northern outskirts of [[Jaipur]]) runs parallel to western side of NH48. It cuts down Delhi–Jaipur distance by 40 km and travel time from 3–4 hours (270 km by [[Delhi–Mumbai Expressway]]) to 2 hours. It passes through [[Haryana]] (Kherki Daula, [[Farrukhnagar]], [[Pataudi]], [[Taoru]], [[Rewari]], north of [[Bawal]], Jhajhar & [[Nangal Choudhary]]) and [[Rajasthan]] ([[Behror]], [[Kotputli]], [[Shahpura, Jaipur|Shahpura]] & Chandwaji).<ref name=toij1>[https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/gurgaon/super-e-way-to-jaipur-will-be-195-km-long-have-6-lanes/articleshow/57741963.cms 195 km super e-way to link Delhi, Jaipur], ''Times of India'', 21 March 2017.</ref> In April 2023, the earthworks had already started and expected completion date is 2025.

* '''Gurugram Heli Hub''': In FY2025-26 Haryana Budget, funds were allocated to develop 16-acre heliport off Dwarka Expressway in Sector 84 near Global Cit, which will provide direct helicopter rides to IGI Delhi Airport, [[Salasar Balaji Temple]], [[Khatu Shyam Temple]], Pitambari Mata Temple Pehowa, Chandigarh, and other regions.<ref name=civilmet1>[https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/gurugram-news/hry-budget-focuses-on-ai-metro-and-infra-growth-in-gurugram-101742235304928.html Hry budget focuses on AI, metro, and infra growth in Gurugram], Hindustan Times, 1 Mar 2025.</ref>

==Current status ==

* June 2025: The entire route of the expressway, from Kherki Daula to Shiv Murti at Mahipalpur, was completed and made operational in June 2025. There is plan to further extend this route by building 18 to 20 km long tunnel from Shiv Murti to Serai Kale Khan multi-model transport hub.<ref name=extkale1/>

==See also==

* [[Expressways of India]]
* [[List of highways in Haryana]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
<references group="real estate websites" />

<references group="The propfit" />

[[Category:Expressways in Delhi]]
[[Category:Transport in Gurgaon]]
[[Category:Transport in Delhi]]
[[Category:Expressways in Haryana]]

Manirampur

2026-03-22T02:55:27Z

FinlayPulido6: Added a info

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Manirampur
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Census Town
| image_skyline = MANIRAMPUR, CHANDITALA-I.png
| image_alt =
| image_caption = Raksha kali Temple, Monirampur
| image_map =
| map_alt =
| map_caption =
| pushpin_map = India West Bengal#India
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in West Bengal, India
| coordinates = {{coord|22.7456608|N|88.2288799|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[West Bengal]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Hooghly district|Hooghly]]
| established_title = Nearest City
| established_date = [[Serampore]]
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 7,428
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]], [[English language|English]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 712306
| registration_plate = WB
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Serampore (Lok Sabha constituency)|Serampore]]
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency
| blank2_info_sec1 = [[Chanditala (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Chanditala]]
| website = {{URL|wb.gov.in}}
| footnotes =
}}

'''Manirampur''' is a [[census town]] in [[Chanditala I]] CD Block in [[Srirampore subdivision]] of [[Hooghly district]] in the state of [[West Bengal]], [[India]].<ref name="census_2011">{{cite web |url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/1912_PART_B_DCHB_HUGLI.pdf |title=Hugli district census handbook |access-date=27 February 2016 }}</ref>

==Geography==
[[File:Gangadharpur Map.svg|200px|thumb|left|Map of Gangadharpur GP showing Mouzas]]
{{OSM Location map
| width=500| height=300| zoom=11
| coord={{coord|22|43|20|N|88|10|10|E}}| float=left|caption='''Cities and towns in Chanditala I, Chanditala II and Jangipara CD Blocks in Srirampore subdivision in Hooghly district''' M: municipal city/ town, CT: census town, R: rural/ urban centre, Owing to space constraints in the small map, the actual locations in a larger map may vary slightly
|mark-coord1={{coord|22|41|15|N|88|17|31|E}} | label-pos1=right|label1=Dankuni | numbered1=M| mark-title1= [[Dankuni]] (M)|label-color1=#800000 |label-size1=11| mark-size1=12|shape1=l-circle|shape-color1=#800000|shape-outline1=white|label-offset-x1=2
|mark-coord2={{coord|22|46|32|N|88|0|19|E}} | label-pos2=right|label2= Rajbalhat| numbered2=CT| mark-title2= [[Rajbalhat]] (CT)| shape-color2=#A40000
|mark-coord3={{coord|22|44|10|N|88|3|5|E}} | label-pos3=right|label3=Jangipara| numbered3=R| mark-title3= [[Jangipara]] (R)| shape-color3=#C42222
|mark-coord4={{coord|22|47|0|N|88|2|37|E}} | label-pos4=right|label4=Antpur| numbered4=R| mark-title4= [[Antpur]] (R)| shape-color4=#C42222
|mark-coord5={{coord|22|45|16|N|88|7|45|E}} | label-pos5=left|label5=Furfura Sharif| numbered5=R| mark-title5= [[Furfura Sharif]] (R)| shape-color5=#C42222
|mark-coord6={{coord|22|44|40|N|88|11|30|E}} | label-pos6=left|label6= Masat| numbered6=CT| mark-title6= [[Masat, Hooghly|Masat]] (CT)| shape-color6=#A40000
|mark-coord7={{coord|22|43|54|N|88|12|24|E}} | label-pos7=left|label7= Jangalpara| numbered7=CT| mark-title7= [[Jangalpara]] (CT)| shape-color7=#A40000
|mark-coord8={{coord|22|46|0|N|88|13|12|E}} | label-pos8=left|label8= Gangadharpur| numbered8=CT| mark-title8= [[Gangadharpur]] (CT)| shape-color8=#A40000
|mark-coord9={{coord|22|45|10|N|88|13|20|E}} | label-pos9=left|label9= Manirampur| numbered9=CT| mark-title9= Manirampur (CT)|shape-color9=black| label-size9=13|label-color9=black 
|mark-coord10={{coord|22|43|6|N|88|11|57|E}} | label-pos10=left|label10= Dudhkalmi| numbered10=CT| mark-title10= [[Dudhkalmi]] (CT)| shape-color10=#A40000
|mark-coord11={{coord|22|42|26|N|88|11|59|E}} | label-pos11=right|label11= Nababpur| numbered11=CT| mark-title11= [[Nababpur]] (CT)| shape-color11=#A40000
|mark-coord12={{coord|22|42|0|N|88|13|36|E}} | label-pos12=left|label12= Kumirmora| numbered12=CT| mark-title12= [[Kumirmora]] (CT)| shape-color12=#A40000
|mark-coord13={{coord|22|41|10|N|88|13|8|E}} | label-pos13=left|label13= Ramanathpur| numbered13=CT| mark-title13= [[Ramanathpur]] (CT)| shape-color13=#A40000
|mark-coord14={{coord|22|41|37|N|88|11|37|E}} | label-pos14=left|label14= Bhagabatipur| numbered14=CT| mark-title14= [[Bhagabatipur]] (CT)| shape-color14=#A40000
|mark-coord15={{coord|22|41|40|N|88|15|58|E}} | label-pos15=right|label15=Chanditala| numbered15=R| mark-title15= [[Chanditala]] (R)| shape-color15=#C42222
|mark-coord16={{coord|22|44|40|N|88|14|51|E}} | label-pos16=left|label16= Kharsarai| numbered16=CT| mark-title16= [[Kharsarai]] (CT)| shape-color16=#A40000
|mark-coord17={{coord|22|45|14|N|88|15|0|E}} | label-pos17=left|label17= Tisa| numbered17=CT| mark-title17= [[Tisa, Hooghly|Tisa]] (CT)| shape-color17=#A40000
|mark-coord18={{coord|22|45|40|N|88|16|0|E}} | label-pos18=right|label18= Kapashanria| numbered18=CT| mark-title18= [[Kapashanria]] (CT)| shape-color18=#A40000
|mark-coord19={{coord|22|44|38|N|88|15|44|E}} | label-pos19=right|label19= Jaykrishnapur| numbered19=CT| mark-title19= [[Jaykrishnapur]] (CT)| shape-color19=#A40000
|mark-coord20={{coord|22|45|7|N|88|15|30|E}} | label-pos20=right|label20= Purba Tajpur| numbered20=CT| mark-title20= [[Purba Tajpur]] (CT)| shape-color20=#A40000
|mark-coord21={{coord|22|44|12|N|88|15|11|E}} | label-pos21=left|label21= Begampur| numbered21=CT| mark-title21= [[Begampur, India]] (CT)| shape-color21=#A40000
|mark-coord22={{coord|22|43|25|N|88|14|26|E}} | label-pos22=left|label22= Baksa| numbered22=CT| mark-title22= [[Baksa, Hooghly]] (CT)| shape-color22=#A40000
|mark-coord23={{coord|22|44|8|N|88|16|3|E}} | label-pos23=right|label23= Panchghara| numbered23=CT| mark-title23= [[Panchghara]] (CT)| shape-color23=#A40000
|mark-coord24={{coord|22|42|10|N|88|16|11|E}} | label-pos24=right|label24= Naiti| numbered24=CT| mark-title24= [[Naiti]] (CT)| shape-color24=#A40000
|mark-coord25={{coord|22|43|12|N|88|16|12|E}} | label-pos25=right|label25= Chikrand| numbered25=CT| mark-title25= [[Chikrand]] (CT)| shape-color25=#A40000
|mark-coord26={{coord|22|42|50|N|88|14|33|E}} | label-pos26=left|label26= Janai| numbered26=CT| mark-title26= [[Janai, Hooghly|Janai]] (CT)| shape-color26=#A40000
|mark-coord27={{coord|22|42|40|N|88|15|38|E}} | label-pos27=right|label27= Pairagchha| numbered27=CT| mark-title27= [[Pairagachha]] (CT)| shape-color27=#A40000
|mark-coord28={{coord|22|41|10|N|88|15|52|E}} | label-pos28=left|label28= Barijhati| numbered28=CT| mark-title28= [[Barijhati]] (CT)| shape-color28=#A40000
|mark-coord29={{coord|22|40|40|N|88|16|12|E}} | label-pos29=left|label29= Garalgachha| numbered29=CT| mark-title29= [[Garalgachha]] (CT)| shape-color29=#A40000
|mark-coord30={{coord|22|39|55|N|88|16|34|E}} | label-pos30=left|label30= Krishnapur| numbered30=CT| mark-title30= [[Krishnapur, West Bengal|Krishnapur]] (CT)| shape-color30=#A40000
|mark-coord31={{coord|22|42|6|N|88|5|13|E}} | label-pos31=right|label31=Kotalpur| numbered31=R| mark-title31= [[Kotalpur, Hooghly]] (R)| shape-color31=#C42222}}

===Location===
Manirampur is located at: {{coord|22.7456608|N|88.2288799|E| source:itwiki_region:IN|format=dms}}
<ref>{{cite web |url= http://banglarbhumi.gov.in/banglarbhumi/(S(34prhyngb4rxzrx25wan0tst))/ASP%20PAGES/info_block.aspx?distcode=06&bcode=10 |title= banglarbhumi.gov.in |publisher= WEST BENGAL ->HUGLI(হুগলী) ->CHANDITALA - I(চণ্ডীতলা-১) Mouza Information |access-date= 11 April 2016 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20161222011900/http://banglarbhumi.gov.in/banglarbhumi/(S(o5nvju0slgdmw3352gvdrcuo))/ASP%20PAGES/info_block.aspx?distcode=06&bcode=10 |archive-date= 22 December 2016 |url-status= dead }}</ref>

[[Gangadharpur]], Manirampur, [[Masat, Hooghly|Masat]], [[Jangalpara]], [[Dudhkalmi]], [[Nababpur]], [[Bhagabatipur]], [[Kumirmora]] and [[Ramanathpur]] form a cluster of census towns in Chanditala I CD Block.<ref name=censushandbook>{{cite web | url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/DCHB/DCHB_A/19/1912_PART_A_DCHB_HUGLI.pdf | title= Census of India 2011, West Bengal: District Census Handbook, Hooghly |work = Map of Chanditala I CD Block, page 649| publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal |access-date = 4 October 2018}}</ref>

===Urbanisation===
Srirampore subdivision is the most urbanized of the subdivisions in Hooghly district. 73.13% of the population in the subdivision is urban and 26.88% is rural. The subdivision has 6 municipalities and 34 census towns. The municipalities are: [[Uttarpara Kotrung Municipality]], [[Konnagar Municipality]], [[Serampore Municipality]], [[Baidyabati Municipality]], [[Rishra Municipality]] and [[Dankuni Municipality]]. Amongst the CD Blocks in the subdivision, Uttarapara Serampore (census towns shown in a separate map) had 76% urban population, Chanditala I 42%, Chanditala II 69% and Jangipara 7% (census towns shown in the map above).<ref name=handbook2014>{{cite web |url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook |title = District Statistical Handbook 2014 Hooghly |work = Table 2.2, 2.4(a) |publisher = Department of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of West Bengal |access-date = 3 October 2018 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190121045803/http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook |archive-date = 21 January 2019 |url-status = dead }}</ref><ref name=census2011>{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/cdb_pca_census/Houselisting-housing-WB.html |title = C.D. Block Wise Primary Census Abstract Data(PCA) | work= 2011 census: West Bengal – District-wise CD Blocks|publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India | access-date = 3 October 2018}}</ref> All places marked in the map are linked in the larger full screen map.

===Gram panchayat===
[[File:Gangadharpur Gram panchayat, West Bengal, India.jpg|thumb|left|'''Gangadharpur Gram panchayat''']]

Villages and census towns in Gangadharpur [[gram panchayat]] are: [[Bankrishnapur]], [[Gangadharpur]], [[Malipukur]] and Manirampur.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://villageinfo.in/west-bengal/hugli/chanditala-i/bankrishnapur.html | title = Bankrishnapur| publisher = Indian Village Directory |access-date = 12 October 2018}}</ref>
[[File:Map of Gangadharpur GP 1.png|thumb|Map of Gangadharpur GP]]
Market: Ganngadharpur Bazar, Hajaghata, Manirampur.

==Demographics==
As per [[2011 Census of India]] Manirampur had a total population of 7,428 of which 3,706 (50%) were males and 3,722 (50%) were females. Population below 6 years was 679. The total number of literates in Manirampur was 5,381 (79.73% of the population over 6 years).
<ref name=census2011/>

===Dankuni Urban Agglomeration===
As per the 2011 census, Dankuni Urban Agglomeration includes: [[Dankuni]] (M), [[Purba Tajpur]] (CT), [[Kharsarai]] (CT), [[Begampur, India|Begampur]] (CT), [[Chikrand]] (CT), [[Pairagachha]] (CT), [[Barijhati]] (CT), [[Garalgachha]] (CT), [[Krishnapur, West Bengal|Krishnapur]] (CT), [[Baruipara]] (CT), [[Borai, Hooghly|Borai]] (CT), [[Nawapara]] (CT), [[Basai, Hooghly|Basai]] (CT), [[Gangadharpur]] (CT), Manirampur (CT), [[Janai, Hooghly|Janai]] (CT), [[Kapashanria]] (CT), [[Jaykrishnapur]] (CT), [[Tisa, Hooghly|Tisa]] (CT), [[Baksa, Hooghly|Baksa]] (CT), [[Panchghara]] (CT) and [[Naiti]] (CT).<ref>{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_4_PR_UAs_1Lakh_and_Above_Appendix.pdf | title = Constituents of urban Agglomerations Having Population 1 Lakh & above |work= Provisional Population Totals, Census of India 2011|access-date = 20 October 2018 }}</ref>

==Transport==
[[Baruipara railway station]] is the nearest railway station on [[Howrah-Bardhaman chord]] line, which is a part of the [[Kolkata Suburban Railway]] system.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://indiarailinfo.com/train/timetable/all/14441/1/2 | title = 36811 Howrah Bardhaman Local (via Chord) | publisher = indiarailinfo |access-date = 6 October 2018}}</ref><ref name=google>Google maps</ref>

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

{{Hooghly District}}
{{Srirampore subdivision}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Hooghly district]]
[[Category:Census towns in Chanditala I CD Block]]

Ritu Varma

2026-03-14T10:18:30Z

FinlayPulido6:

{{short description|Indian actress}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2016}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Ritu Varma
| image = Ritu Varma (cropped).jpg
| caption = Ritu in 2019
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1990|3|10|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Hyderabad]], [[Andhra Pradesh]], India (now in [[Telangana]], India)
| alma mater = [[Malla Reddy Engineering College]]
| years active = 2013–present
| occupation = Actress
}}

'''Ritu Varma''' (born 10 March 1990)<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 March 2021 |title=On Ninnila Ninnila star Ritu Varma's birthday, fans pour love and special wishes |url=https://www.zoomtventertainment.com/telugu-cinema/article/on-ninnila-ninnila-star-ritu-varmas-birthday-fans-pour-love-and-special-wishes/730604 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210310084024/https://www.zoomtventertainment.com/telugu-cinema/article/on-ninnila-ninnila-star-ritu-varmas-birthday-fans-pour-love-and-special-wishes/730604 |archive-date=10 March 2021 |access-date=19 March 2021 |website=[[Zoom (Indian TV channel)|Zoom Entertainment]]}}</ref><ref name="NIE" /> is an Indian actress who works in [[Telugu cinema|Telugu]] and [[Tamil cinema|Tamil]] films. After appearing in short films and supporting roles, Varma played the lead role in the Telugu film ''[[Pelli Choopulu]]'' (2016), for which she received the [[Nandi Award for Best Actress]] and the [[Filmfare Critics Award for Best Actress – Telugu]]. She has appeared in several commercially successful films such as ''[[Yevade Subramanyam]]'' (2015), ''[[Kannum Kannum Kollaiyadithaal]]'' (2020), ''[[Oke Oka Jeevitham]]'' (2022) and ''[[Mark Antony (2023 film)|Mark Antony]]'' (2023).

== Early life and work ==
Ritu Varma was born and brought up in [[Hyderabad]] in a [[North India|North Indian]] family.<ref name="dc2">{{Cite web |last=Kavirayani |first=Suresh |date=2016-08-06 |title=Rituaj Varma: A star in the making |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/tollywood/060816/a-star-in-the-making.html |access-date=2019-07-29 |website=Deccan Chronicle |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":22">{{Citation |title=Ritu Varma Special Interview {{!}} Diwali Special {{!}} Telugu News {{!}} TV5 News |date=30 October 2016 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HHcOYzcA52A&t=441s |access-date=2020-02-18 |language=en}}; From 7:21 to 8:00</ref> Her father is from [[Madhya Pradesh]] and she speaks [[Hindi]] at home. She is fluent in [[Telugu language|Telugu]] and does her own dubbing for her Telugu films.<ref name=":22" />

She did her intermediate from [[Villa Marie Degree College|Villa Marie College for Women]], Hyderabad and holds a [[bachelor's degree]] in engineering from [[Malla Reddy Engineering College]].<ref name="NIE">{{Cite web |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/education/edex/2016/oct/02/i-got-caught-when-i-bunked-ritu-varma-1518490.html |title=I got caught when i bunked: Ritu Varma |website=The New Indian Express |access-date=29 July 2019 |archive-date=29 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190729075745/http://www.newindianexpress.com/education/edex/2016/oct/02/i-got-caught-when-i-bunked-ritu-varma-1518490.html |url-status=live}}</ref> After completing her graduation, she took part in the Miss Hyderabad Beauty pageant and was declared the first runner-up.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/hyderabad/2017/sep/07/the-hunt-for-go-getting-hyderabadi-girls-is-on-1653424.html |title=The hunt for go-getting Hyderabadi girls is on |website=The New Indian Express |access-date=29 July 2019 |archive-date=29 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190729080335/http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/hyderabad/2017/sep/07/the-hunt-for-go-getting-hyderabadi-girls-is-on-1653424.html |url-status=live}}</ref>

== Career ==
Varma started her career with her performance in the Telugu short film ''Anukokunda''. The short film won the Best Film award at the 48HR Film Project competition in 2012 and also fetched Varma the Best Actor (Female) award.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/hyderabad/2012/apr/15/anukokunda-wins-best-48-hour-film-award-358661.html |title='Anukokunda' wins best 48-Hour Film award |website=The New Indian Express |access-date=29 July 2019 |archive-date=29 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190729101311/http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/hyderabad/2012/apr/15/anukokunda-wins-best-48-hour-film-award-358661.html |url-status=live}}</ref> The short film was later screened at the Cannes Short Film Corner in 2013.<ref name="kavirayani">{{Cite web |last=Kavirayani |first=Suresh |date=17 August 2016 |title=Pellichoopulu director Tharun yet to make up his mind |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/tollywood/170816/pellichoopulu-director-tharun-yet-to-make-up-his-mind.html |access-date=29 July 2019 |website=Deccan Chronicle |language=en |archive-date=29 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190729101309/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/tollywood/170816/pellichoopulu-director-tharun-yet-to-make-up-his-mind.html |url-status=live}}</ref> Her first feature film was ''[[Baadshah (2013 film)|Baadshah]]'' where she played a supporting role of Pinky. She signed her next film as a lead ''[[Prema Ishq Kaadhal]]'' in which she played the role of a costume designer Sameera opposite [[Sree Vishnu]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Prema Ishq Kadhal to be aired on TV soon |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/telugu/Prema-Ishq-Kadhal-to-be-aired-on-TV-soon/articleshow/45059197.cms |access-date=17 April 2015 |work=The Times of India |date=6 November 2014 |archive-date=13 March 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170313044535/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/telugu/Prema-Ishq-Kadhal-to-be-aired-on-TV-soon/articleshow/45059197.cms |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Ritu Varma excited about her Telugu debut |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Ritu-Varma-excited-about-her-Telugu-debut/articleshow/26419247.cms?from=mdr |access-date=26 November 2013 |work=The Times of India |archive-date=27 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180827222954/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Ritu-Varma-excited-about-her-Telugu-debut/articleshow/26419247.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live}}</ref> Sebsequently, she appeared in ''[[Naa Rakumarudu]]'' (2014), which was followed by ''[[Yevade Subramanyam]]'' (2015),<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Ritu-Varma-to-romance-Nani/articleshow/44837976.cms/ |title=Ritu Varma to romance Nani |website=[[The Times of India]] |date=15 January 2017 |access-date=20 October 2015 |archive-date=19 October 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141019173838/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Ritu-Varma-to-romance-Nani/articleshow/44837976.cms |url-status=live}}</ref> for which she received [[IIFA Utsavam|IIFA Utsavam Award for Best Supporting Actress – Telugu]] nomination.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.iifa.com/nominations/ |title=Nominations 2016 |access-date=19 April 2016 |archive-date=22 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140822034114/http://iifa.com/nominations/ |url-status=live}}</ref>

Varma had her career breakthrough with the 2016 film ''[[Pelli Choopulu]]''. She played Chitra, an entrepreneur opposite [[Vijay Deverakonda]].<ref name="kavirayani" /><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/pelli-choopulu-bags-two-national-awards-is-best-film-in-telugu/articleshow/58066962.cms |title=Pelli Choopulu bags two national awards; is 'best film' in Telugu |website=The Times of India |date=8 April 2017 |language=en |access-date=29 July 2019 |archive-date=14 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190814210359/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/pelli-choopulu-bags-two-national-awards-is-best-film-in-telugu/articleshow/58066962.cms |url-status=live}}</ref> The film was a box office success,<ref>{{Cite web |title=25 Greatest Telugu Films Of The Decade |url=https://www.filmcompanion.in/fc-decades/pages/telugu.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191017163531/https://www.filmcompanion.in/fc-decades/pages/telugu.html |archive-date=17 October 2019 |access-date=26 June 2021 |website=[[Film Companion]]}}</ref> and won her the [[Nandi Award for Best Actress]] and [[Filmfare Critics Award for Best Actress – Telugu]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/13-nandi-awards-for-baahubali/articleshow/61655551.cms |title=Nandi awards: Nandi Awards Winners List: AP government announces Nandi awards for 2014–2016 |date=15 November 2017 |first=Amrutha |last=Vasireddy |website=The Times of India |language=en |access-date=29 July 2019 |archive-date=22 December 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171222065941/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/13-nandi-awards-for-baahubali/articleshow/61655551.cms |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/filmfare-awards-south-2017-complete-list-of-winners-1713702 |title=Filmfare Awards South 2017: Complete List Of Winners |website=NDTV.com |access-date=29 July 2019 |archive-date=29 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190729094142/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/filmfare-awards-south-2017-complete-list-of-winners-1713702 |url-status=live}}</ref> Suhas Yellapantula noted, "Ritu is simply delightful as Chitra. The way she carries herself as a fiercely independent lady is a treat to watch."<ref>{{Cite news |date=29 July 2016 |title='Pelli Choopulu' review: A Refreshing and realistic love story |work=[[The New Indian Express]] |url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/telugu/Pelli-Choopulu-review-A-Refreshing-and-realistic-love-story/2016/07/29/article3553338.ece |url-status=dead |access-date=25 October 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161001114317/http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/telugu/Pelli-Choopulu-review-A-Refreshing-and-realistic-love-story/2016/07/29/article3553338.ece |archive-date=1 October 2016}}</ref> In 2017, she appeared in [[Keshava (film)|''Keshava'']] opposite [[Nikhil Siddharth]] and had a cameo in ''[[Velaiilla Pattadhari 2]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/regional/keshava-box-office-collection-nikhil-siddhartha-starrer-mints-rs-11-4-crore-in-three-days-4667756/ |title=Keshava box office collection: Nikhil Siddhartha-starrer mints Rs. 11.4 crore in three days |date=22 May 2017 |website=The Indian Express |language=en-IN |access-date=29 July 2019 |archive-date=29 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190729100947/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/regional/keshava-box-office-collection-nikhil-siddhartha-starrer-mints-rs-11-4-crore-in-three-days-4667756/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://quintdaily.com/2017/08/vip-2-review-velai-illa-pattathari-2-theatrical-response-rating/ |title=VIP 2 Review: Velaiilla Pattadhari 2 Theatrical Response & Rating |website=QuintDaily |date=11 August 2017 |access-date=11 August 2017 |archive-date=11 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170811105443/http://quintdaily.com/2017/08/vip-2-review-velai-illa-pattathari-2-theatrical-response-rating/ |url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2020, Varma played Madhu, a con artist in ''[[Kannum Kannum Kollaiyadithaal]]'' opposite [[Dulquer Salmaan]], which emerged a commercial success.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment/south-gossip/article/videokannum-kannum-kollaiyadithal-trailer-out-dulquer-salmaan-as-the-lover-boy-will-instantly-win-you-over/460354 |title=[VIDEO]Kannum Kannum Kollaiyadithal trailer out! Dulquer Salmaan as the lover boy will instantly win you over |website=timesnownews.com |language=en-GB |access-date=29 July 2019 |archive-date=29 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190729075052/https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment/south-gossip/article/videokannum-kannum-kollaiyadithal-trailer-out-dulquer-salmaan-as-the-lover-boy-will-instantly-win-you-over/460354 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-03-10 |title=Ritu Varma On Being An Accidental Actress, How 'Kannum Kannum Kollaiyadithaal' Helped Her Break The Mould And What's Next |url=https://silverscreenindia.com/movies/features/ritu-varma-interview-kannum-kannum-kollaiyadithal-pelli-choopulu-dulquer-salmaan/ |access-date=2023-08-17 |website=Silverscreen India |language=en-US |archive-date=17 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230817143652/https://silverscreenindia.com/movies/features/ritu-varma-interview-kannum-kannum-kollaiyadithal-pelli-choopulu-dulquer-salmaan/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Sreedhar Pillai called her comeback "terrific" and appreciated her performance in the climax.<ref>{{cite news |title=Kannum Kannum Kollaiyadithaal movie review: Dulquer Salmaan's long-delayed Tamil release is a breath of fresh air |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/kannum-kannum-kollaiyadithaal-movie-review-dulquer-salmaans-long-delayed-tamil-release-is-a-breath-of-fresh-air-8096811.html |access-date=28 February 2020 |archive-date=19 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220519000453/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/kannum-kannum-kollaiyadithaal-movie-review-dulquer-salmaans-long-delayed-tamil-release-is-a-breath-of-fresh-air-8096811.html |url-status=live }}</ref> She then appeared in a segment of ''[[Putham Pudhu Kaalai]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |date=5 October 2020 |title='Putham Pudhu Kaalai' trailer: Tamil anthology set and filmed in times of COVID-19 lockdown |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-putham-pudhu-kaalai-trailer-tamil-anthology-set-and-filmed-in-times-of-covid-19-lockdown-2847555 |access-date=5 October 2020 |website=DNA India |language=en |archive-date=8 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201008040212/https://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-putham-pudhu-kaalai-trailer-tamil-anthology-set-and-filmed-in-times-of-covid-19-lockdown-2847555 |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2021, Varma first appeared in ''[[Ninnila Ninnila]]'' alongside [[Ashok Selvan]] and [[Nithya Menen]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/ashok-selvan-to-debut-in-telugu-cinema-with-ninnila-ninnila/article32890696.ece |title=Ashok Selvan to make his Telugu debut |date=19 October 2020 |work=The Hindu |access-date=19 October 2020 |archive-date=19 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201019173746/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/ashok-selvan-to-debut-in-telugu-cinema-with-ninnila-ninnila/article32890696.ece |url-status=live}}</ref> She then starred opposite [[Nani (actor)|Nani]] in ''[[Tuck Jagadish]]''.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/nani-to-romance-his-yevade-subramanyam-actress-in-shiva-nirvanas-next/articleshow/72303878.cms |title=Nani to romance his 'Yevade Subramanyam' actress in Shiva Nirvana's next? |website=The Times of India |date=30 November 2019 |language=en |access-date=30 November 2019 |archive-date=3 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191203074443/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/nani-to-romance-his-yevade-subramanyam-actress-in-shiva-nirvanas-next/articleshow/72303878.cms |url-status=live}}</ref> She then played a businesswoman Bhoomi in ''[[Varudu Kaavalenu]]'' opposite [[Naga Shaurya]].<ref>{{Cite news|title=Ritu Varma & Naga Shaurya wrap up the shoot of Varudu Kaavalenu; Announce 'coming soon in theatres'|url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/south/naga-shaurya-ritu-varma-wrap-shoot-varudu-kaavalenu-announce-coming-soon-theatres-847074?amp|date=7 August 2021|access-date=7 August 2021|work=[[Pinkvilla]]|archive-date=7 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210807113720/https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/south/naga-shaurya-ritu-varma-wrap-shoot-varudu-kaavalenu-announce-coming-soon-theatres-847074?amp|url-status=live}}</ref> Sangeetha Devi Dundoo stated, "It is one of the better roles given to Ritu in recent times and she carries it off gracefully."<ref>{{Cite news|last=Dundoo|first=Sangeetha Devi|date=2021-10-29|title='Varudu Kaavalenu' movie review: Doesn't hit the mark|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/reviews/varudu-kaavalenu-movie-review-doesnt-hit-the-mark/article37230284.ece|access-date=2021-11-14|issn=0971-751X|archive-date=14 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211114173808/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/reviews/varudu-kaavalenu-movie-review-doesnt-hit-the-mark/article37230284.ece|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2022, her first release was the anthology ''[[Modern Love Hyderabad]]''.<ref>{{cite web|title=Modern Love Hyderabad Review: A Few Fine Performances Add Up To Mildly Diverting Fare|url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/modern-love-hyderabad-review-a-few-fine-performances-add-up-to-mildly-diverting-fare-2-and-a-half-stars-3141879|website=[[NDTV]]|access-date=9 July 2022|archive-date=9 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220709040404/https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/modern-love-hyderabad-review-a-few-fine-performances-add-up-to-mildly-diverting-fare-2-and-a-half-stars-3141879|url-status=live}}</ref> She next played Vaishnavi in the bilingual ''[[Oke Oka Jeevitham]]'' opposite [[Nitham Oru Vaanam]],which was a box office success.<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 December 2022 |title=Year Ender 2022: RRR సహా 2022లో టాలీవుడ్ బాక్సాఫీస్ దగ్గర హిట్టైన చిత్రాలు ఇవే.. |url=https://telugu.news18.com/photogallery/movies/year-ender-2022-tollywood-box-office-hit-films-report-bangarraju-dj-tillu-rrr-kgf-2-major-dhamaka-hit-2-bimbisara-karthikeya2-movies-got-success-ta-1559562-page-5.html |access-date=2023-03-01 |website=[[News18]] |language=te}}</ref> Balakrishna Ganeshan stated, "Ritu does not have much of a role, but she manages to do her part fairly well."<ref>{{cite web|title=Oke Oka Jeevitham review: Weak writing stops this film from being extraordinary|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/oke-oka-jeevitham-review-weak-writing-stops-film-being-extraordinary-167715%3famp|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230407224955/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/oke-oka-jeevitham-review-weak-writing-stops-film-being-extraordinary-167715?amp|url-status=dead|archive-date=7 April 2023|website=[[The News Minute]]|access-date=9 September 2022}}</ref> She later appeared opposite Ashok Selvan in ''[[Nitham Oru Vaanam]]''.<ref>{{cite web |last=Sharma |first=Tanmayi |title=Nitham Oru Vaanam Movie Review: Beautiful story of a flawed protagonist that we all will connect with |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/south/nitham-oru-vaanam-movie-review-beautiful-story-of-a-flawed-protagonist-that-we-all-will-connect-with-1197517 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221104110339/https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/south/nitham-oru-vaanam-movie-review-beautiful-story-of-a-flawed-protagonist-that-we-all-will-connect-with-1197517 |archive-date=4 November 2022 |access-date=4 November 2022 |website=[[Pinkvilla]]}}</ref> Her first release of 2023 was ''[[Mark Antony (2023 film)|Mark Antony]]'' opposite [[Vishal (actor)|Vishal]], which was commercially successful.<ref>{{Cite news |date=5 May 2022 |title=Vishal, SJ Suryah's 'Mark Antony' begins shoot; Ritu Varma plays the female lead |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/vishal-sj-suryahs-mark-antony-begins-shoot-ritu-varma-plays-the-female-lead/articleshow/91340916.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221230105424/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/vishal-sj-suryahs-mark-antony-begins-shoot-ritu-varma-plays-the-female-lead/articleshow/91340916.cms |archive-date=30 December 2022 |access-date=30 December 2022 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Singh |first=Jatinder |date=2023-10-09 |title=Mark Antony box office collections: Vishal, SJ Surayh starrer tops Rs. 100 crore worldwide |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/box-office/mark-antony-box-office-collections-vishal-sj-surayh-starrer-tops-rs-100-crore-worldwide-1249420 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231105203011/https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/box-office/mark-antony-box-office-collections-vishal-sj-surayh-starrer-tops-rs-100-crore-worldwide-1249420 |archive-date=5 November 2023 |access-date=2025-01-18 |website=[[Pinkvilla]] |language=en}}</ref> She then appeared in the anthology ''[[Modern Love Chennai]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 May 2023 |title=Modern Love Chennai review: A fantastic sixer! |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/modern-love-chennai-review-prime-video-a-fantastic-sixer-8615416/ |access-date=18 May 2023 |website=The Indian Express |language=en |archive-date=18 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230518164134/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/modern-love-chennai-review-prime-video-a-fantastic-sixer-8615416/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

In her only film of 2024, Varma played dual roles of Queen Rukmini Devi and Anubhuti opposite Sree Vishnu in ''[[Swag (film)|Swag]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rachavelpula |first=Kausalya |date=2024-09-29 |title=Ritu Varma to Shine as Maharani Rukmini Devi in the Upcoming Film Swag |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/tollywood/ritu-varma-to-shine-as-maharani-rukmini-devi-in-the-upcoming-film-swag-910625 |access-date=2024-10-04 |website=www.thehansindia.com |language=en}}</ref> In 2025, she played Meera, whose aunt falls for her lover's father opposite [[Sundeep Kishan]] in ''[[Mazaka]]''.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Dundoo |first=Sangeetha Devi |date=2025-02-26 |title=‘Mazaka’ movie review: Sundeep Kishan, Rao Ramesh film entertains occasionally |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/mazaka-movie-review-occasionally-entertaining-but-mostly-middling/article69265916.ece |access-date=2025-02-26 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> Her much delayed film ''[[Dhruva Natchathiram (unreleased film)|Dhruva Natchathiram]]'', opposite [[Vikram (actor)|Vikram]], is set to release in 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kumar |first=Akshay |date=28 February 2025 |title=Harris Jeyaraj reveals Dhruva Natchathiram's release window |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2025/Feb/28/harris-jeyaraj-reveals-dhruva-natchathirams-release-window |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250301153526/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2025/Feb/28/harris-jeyaraj-reveals-dhruva-natchathirams-release-window |archive-date=1 March 2025 |access-date=1 March 2025 |website=[[Cinema Express]] |language=en}}</ref>

== Filmography ==
{{Pending films key}}

=== Films ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Title
! Role
! Language
! class="unsortable" | Notes
! class="unsortable" | Ref.
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2013
| ''[[Baadshah (2013 film)|Baadshah]]''
| Pinky
|rowspan="6"|[[Telugu language|Telugu]]
|Debut film
|
|-
| ''[[Prema Ishq Kaadhal]]''
| Sameera
|Debut as Lead actress
|
|-
| 2014
| ''[[Naa Rakumarudu]]''
| Bindu
|
|
|-
| 2015
| ''[[Yevade Subramanyam]]''
| Riya
|
|
|-
| 2016
| ''[[Pelli Choopulu]]''
| Chitra
|
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |2017
| ''[[Keshava (film)|Keshava]]''
| Sathyabhama
|
|
|-
| ''[[Velaiilla Pattadhari 2]]''
|Anitha
| rowspan=3|[[Tamil language|Tamil]]
| Tamil Debut
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |2020
| ''[[Kannum Kannum Kollaiyadithaal]]''
| Meera / Madhumitha "Madhu" / Ishita
| Debut as lead actress in Tamil
|
|-
|''[[Putham Pudhu Kaalai]]''
| Kanna
| released on [[Amazon Prime Video]]; Segment: "Avarum Naanum-Avalum Naanum"
| <ref>{{Cite web |title='Putham Pudhu Kaalai' trailer: Tamil anthology film is set during the Covid-19 lockdown |url=https://scroll.in/reel/974523/putham-pudhu-kaalai-trailer-tamil-anthology-film-is-set-during-the-covid-19-lockdown |access-date=5 October 2020 |website=Scroll.in |date=5 October 2020 |language=en-US |archive-date=8 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201008000539/https://scroll.in/reel/974523/putham-pudhu-kaalai-trailer-tamil-anthology-film-is-set-during-the-covid-19-lockdown |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3" |2021
|''[[Ninnila Ninnila]]''
| Tara/Amara
| rowspan="4"|Telugu
|released on [[ZEE TV|ZEEPLEX]]
|
|-
| ''[[Tuck Jagadish]]''
| V.R.O Gummadi Varalakshmi
| Released on [[Amazon Prime Video]]
|
|-
| ''[[Varudu Kaavalenu]]''
| Bhoomika "Bhoomi"
|
|<ref>{{cite web |title=Naga Shaurya And Ritu Varma HD Stills From Varudu Kaavalenu Movie |url=https://www.socialnews./2020/11/13/naga-shaurya-and-ritu-varma-hd-stills-from-varudu-kaavalenu-movie/ |website=Social News}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3" |2022
| ''[[Oke Oka Jeevitham]]''
| rowspan="2" |Vaishnavi
| rowspan="2" |Bilingual film
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sharwanand's next titled Oke Oka Jeevitham |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/stories/news/2021/jun/28/sharwanands-next-titled-oke-oka-jeevitham-25206.html |access-date=17 July 2021 |website=[[Cinema Express]] |archive-date=9 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211109004705/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/stories/news/2021/jun/28/sharwanands-next-titled-oke-oka-jeevitham-25206.html |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Oke Oka Jeevitham|Kanam]]''
| rowspan="4" |Tamil
|
|-
| ''[[Nitham Oru Vaanam]]''
| Subhadra "Subha"
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 February 2022 |title=Ashok Selvan, Ritu Varma team up again |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/telugu/2022/feb/08/ashok-selvan-ritu-varma-team-up-again-2416591.html |access-date= |website=The New Indian Express |archive-date=13 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220213194619/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/telugu/2022/feb/08/ashok-selvan-ritu-varma-team-up-again-2416591.html |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2023
| ''[[Mark Antony (2023 film)|Mark Antony]]''
| Ramya
|
|<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/vishal-and-sj-suryahs-mark-antony-revolves-around-twisted-time-travel-watch-the-teaser/articleshow/99819991.cms |title=Vishal and SJ Suryah's 'Mark Antony' revolves around twisted time travel! Watch the teaser |website=The Times of India |date=27 April 2023 |access-date=3 May 2023 |archive-date=14 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230714074236/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/vishal-and-sj-suryahs-mark-antony-revolves-around-twisted-time-travel-watch-the-teaser/articleshow/99819991.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Dhruva Natchathiram (unreleased film)|Dhruva Natchathiram]]''
| Unknown
|Unreleased film
|<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/vishal-and-sj-suryahs-mark-antony-revolves-around-twisted-time-travel-watch-the-teaser/articleshow/99819991.cms |title=Vishal and SJ Suryah's 'Mark Antony' revolves around twisted time travel! Watch the teaser |website=The Times of India |date=27 April 2023 |access-date=3 May 2023 |archive-date=14 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230714074236/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/vishal-and-sj-suryahs-mark-antony-revolves-around-twisted-time-travel-watch-the-teaser/articleshow/99819991.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| 2024
| ''[[Swag (film)|Swag]]''
| Queen Vinjamara Rukmini Devi / Sagunaka Anubhuti
| rowspan="2" |Telugu
|Dual role
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sistu |first=Suhas |date=2024-10-01 |title='Swag' explores the conflict between matriarchy and patriarchy: Sree Vishnu |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/tollywood/swag-explores-the-conflict-between-matriarchy-and-patriarchy-sree-vishnu-911163 |access-date=2024-10-04 |website=www.thehansindia.com |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| 2025
| ''[[Mazaka]]''
| Meera
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-10-26 |title=Ritu Varma Cast Opposite Sundeep Kishan In His Upcoming Telugu Movie Majaka |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/telugu/ritu-varma-cast-opposite-sundeep-kishan-in-his-upcoming-telugu-movie-majaka-article-114624182 |access-date=2024-10-27 |website=Times Now |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|2026
|{{Pending film|[[Dhruva Natchathiram (unreleased film)|Dhruva Natchathiram]]}}
| {{TBA}}
| Tamil
| Completed
|
|-
|TBA
|{{Pending film|Gopichand 33}}
| {{TBA}}
| Telugu
| Filming
|
|-
|}

=== Web series ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Title
! Role
! Language
! Network
! class="unsortable" | Notes
! class="unsortable" | Ref.
|-
| 2022
| ''[[Modern Love Hyderabad]]''
| Renuka "Renu"
| Telugu
|rowspan="2"|[[Amazon Prime Video]]
| Segment: "Fuzzy, Purple and full of Thorns"
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Modern Love Hyderabad Trailer: Six heartwarming stories of love & life that will touch your heart |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/south/modern-love-hyderabad-trailer-six-heartwarming-stories-love-life-will-touch-your-heart-1151237 |access-date=29 September 2022 |website=Pinkvilla |date=27 June 2022 |language=en |archive-date=3 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230503185902/https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/south/modern-love-hyderabad-trailer-six-heartwarming-stories-love-life-will-touch-your-heart-1151237 |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| 2023 || ''[[Modern Love Chennai]]'' || Mallika || Tamil || Segment: "Kaadhal Enbadhu Kannula Heart Irukkura Emoji"|| <ref>{{cite web |title=Modern Love Chennai to premiere on Prime Video on May 18. See poster |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/binge-watch/story/modern-love-chennai-to-premiere-on-prime-video-on-may-18-see-poster-2376338-2023-05-08 |website=[[India Today]] |access-date=17 May 2023 |language=en |archive-date=17 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230517090759/https://www.indiatoday.in/binge-watch/story/modern-love-chennai-to-premiere-on-prime-video-on-may-18-see-poster-2376338-2023-05-08 |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| 2025
| ''[[Devika & Danny]]''
| Devika
| Telugu
| [[Hotstar]]
|
|<ref name="‘Devika & Danny’ review: Ritu Varma impresses in her debut web series">{{cite news |last1= |first1= |title=‘Devika & Danny’ review: Ritu Varma impresses in her debut web series |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/devika-danny-review-ritu-varma-impresses-in-her-debut-web-series/article69667944.ece |access-date=9 June 2025 |publisher=The Hindu |date=7 June 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250608043720/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/devika-danny-review-ritu-varma-impresses-in-her-debut-web-series/article69667944.ece |archive-date=8 June 2025 |language=en-IN}}</ref>
|}

== Awards and nominations ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+
|-
!Year
!Award
!Category
!Title
!Result
!class="unsortable"|{{Tooltip|Ref.|Reference(s)}}
|-
|2016
|[[IIFA Utsavam]]
|Best Supporting Actress – Telugu
|''[[Yevade Subramanyam]]''
|{{nominated}}
|<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/four-emerging-tollywood-heroines-who-are-finding-their-way-top-51627 |title=four emerging tollywood heroines who are finding their way top |website=thenewsminute.com |access-date=29 July 2019 |date=19 October 2016 |archive-date=29 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190729094602/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/four-emerging-tollywood-heroines-who-are-finding-their-way-top-51627 |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="5" |2017
|[[Nandi Awards of 2016|Nandi Awards]]
|[[Nandi Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]]
|rowspan="5" | ''[[Pelli Choopulu]]''
|{{Won}}
|<ref name=":0" />
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[Filmfare Awards South]]
|[[Filmfare Critics Award for Best Actress – Telugu|Best Actress Critics – Telugu]]
|{{won}}
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 June 2017 |title=Winners of the 64th Jio Filmfare Awards (South) |url=https://www.filmfare.com/news/winners-of-the-64th-jio-filmfare-awards-south-21594.html |access-date=12 March 2020 |website=Filmfare |archive-date=16 April 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180416113129/https://www.filmfare.com/news/winners-of-the-64th-jio-filmfare-awards-south-21594.html |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Actress – Telugu|Best Actress – Telugu]]
|{{Nom}}
|<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.filmfare.com/features/nominations-for-the-64th-jio-filmfare-awards-south-21257.html |title=Nominations for the 64th Jio Filmfare Awards (South) |website=filmfare.com |language=en |access-date=29 July 2019 |archive-date=4 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200704171930/https://www.filmfare.com/features/nominations-for-the-64th-jio-filmfare-awards-south-21257.html |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|[[IIFA Utsavam]]
|[[IIFA Utsavam Award for Best Actress – Telugu|Best Actress – Telugu]]
|{{nom}}
|<ref>{{Citation |title=IIFA Utsavam 2017 Awards Full Event Telugu – South India IIFA Awards Full Show |date=24 October 2017 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_JOo7p13AeI |access-date=29 July 2019 |archive-date=16 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220316093441/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_JOo7p13AeI |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[South Indian International Movie Awards]]
|[[SIIMA Award for Best Actress – Telugu|Best Actress – Telugu]]
|{{Nom}}
|<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/regional/siima-nominations-theri-janatha-garage-maheshinte-prathikaram-and-kirik-party-lead-4683082/ |title=SIIMA Nominations: Theri, Janatha Garage, Maheshinte Prathikaram and Kirik Party lead |date=31 May 2017 |website=The Indian Express |language=en-IN |access-date=29 July 2019 |archive-date=5 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200705012559/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/regional/siima-nominations-theri-janatha-garage-maheshinte-prathikaram-and-kirik-party-lead-4683082/ |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|2021
|[[SIIMA Award for Best Female Debut – Tamil|Best Female Debut – Tamil]]
|''[[Kannum Kannum Kollaiyadithaal]]''
|{{Won}}
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 September 2021 |title=SIIMA: Soorarai Pottru, Ala Vaikunthapurramuloo win big, K Viswanath honoured with Lifetime Achievement Award |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/regional/mohanlal-dhanush-manju-warrier-samantha-akkineni-among-big-winners-at-siima-2021-7519773/ |url-status=live |website=The Indian Express |access-date=20 September 2021 |archive-date=23 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220923163929/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/regional/mohanlal-dhanush-manju-warrier-samantha-akkineni-among-big-winners-at-siima-2021-7519773/}}</ref>
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Commons}}
* {{IMDb name}}
* {{Twitter}}
{{Nandi Award for Best Actress}}{{Filmfare Critics Award for Best Actress – Telugu}}{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Varma, Ritu}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Actresses from Hyderabad, India]]
[[Category:Indian film actresses]]
[[Category:Actresses in Telugu cinema]]
[[Category:Actresses in Tamil cinema]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]
[[Category:Female models from Hyderabad, India]]
[[Category:1990 births]]
[[Category:Nandi Award winners]]
[[Category:Filmfare Awards South winners]]

Ravi Shastri

2026-03-13T08:50:15Z

FinlayPulido6: added info

{{Short description|India cricket player, coach and commentator (born 1962)}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020}}
{{Infobox cricketer
| name = Ravi Shastri
| image = Ravi Shastri (1).jpg
| caption = Shastri in May 2019
| country = India
| fullname = Ravishankar Jayadritha Shastri
|birth_place = [[Bombay]], [[Maharashtra]], India
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1962|05|27|df=yes}}
| batting = Right-handed
| bowling = [[Slow left-arm orthodox]]
| role = Batting [[all-rounder]]
| height = 1.91 m
| international = true
| internationalspan = 1981–1992
| testdebutdate = 21 February
| testdebutyear = 1981
| testdebutagainst = New Zealand
| testcap = 151
| lasttestdate = 26 December
| lasttestyear = 1992
| lasttestagainst = South Africa
| odidebutdate = 25 November
| odidebutyear = 1981
| odidebutagainst = England
| odicap = 36
| lastodidate = 17 December
| lastodiyear = 1992
| lastodiagainst = South Africa
| club1 = [[Mumbai cricket team|Bombay]]
| year1 = 1979–1993
| club2 = [[Glamorgan County Cricket Club|Glamorgan]]
| year2 = 1987–1991
| columns = 4
| column1 = [[Test cricket|Test]]
| matches1 = 80
| runs1 = 3,830
| bat avg1 = 35.79
| 100s/50s1 = 11/12
| top score1 = 206
| deliveries1 = 15,751
| wickets1 = 151
| bowl avg1 = 40.96
| fivefor1 = 2
| tenfor1 = 0
| best bowling1 = 5/75
| catches/stumpings1 = 36/–
| column2 = [[One Day International|ODI]]
| matches2 = 150
| runs2 = 3,108
| bat avg2 = 29.04
| 100s/50s2 = 4/18
| top score2 = 109
| deliveries2 = 6,613
| wickets2 = 129
| bowl avg2 = 36.04
| fivefor2 = 1
| tenfor2 = 0
| best bowling2 = 5/15
| catches/stumpings2 = 40/–
| column3 = [[First-class cricket|FC]]
| matches3 = 245
| runs3 = 13,202
| bat avg3 = 44.00
| 100s/50s3 = 34/66
| top score3 = 217
| deliveries3 = 42,425
| wickets3 = 509
| bowl avg3 = 32.89
| fivefor3 = 18
| tenfor3 = 3
| best bowling3 = 9/101
| catches/stumpings3 = 141/–
| column4 = [[List A cricket|LA]]
| matches4 = 278
| runs4 = 6,383
| bat avg4 = 31.12
| 100s/50s4 = 6/38
| top score4 = 138[[not out|*]]
| deliveries4 = 11,966
| wickets4 = 254
| bowl avg4 = 32.18
| fivefor4 = 5
| tenfor4 = 0
| best bowling4 = 5/13
| catches/stumpings4 = 84/–
| date = 6 September
| year = 2008
| source = http://www.espncricinfo.com/india/content/player/33975.html Cricinfo
|medaltemplates={{MedalSport|Men's [[cricket]]}}
{{MedalCountry|{{IND}}}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[Cricket World Cup|ICC Cricket World Cup]]}}
{{Medal|W|[[1983 Cricket World Cup|1983 England & Wales]]}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[Asia Cup|ACC Asia Cup]]}}
{{Medal|W|[[1984 Asia Cup|1984 UAE]]}}
{{Medal|W|[[1990–91 Asia Cup|1990–91 India]]}}

{{MedalCountry|{{IND}}}} as Coach
{{MedalCompetition|[[World Test Championship|ICC World Test Championship]]}}
{{Medal|RU|[[2019–2021 World Test Championship|2019-2021]]|}}
}}

'''Ravishankar Jayadritha Shastri''' (born 27 May 1962) is an Indian [[cricket]] commentator, former professional cricketer and [[head coach|former head coach]] of the [[India national cricket team]]. As a player, he played for the [[India national cricket team]] between 1981 and 1992 in both [[Test cricket|Test matches]] and [[One Day International]]s. Although he started his career as a [[Left-arm orthodox spin|left arm spin bowler]], he later transformed into a batting [[all-rounder]]. Shastri was a member of the Indian team that won the [[1983 Cricket World Cup]]. He won the [[C. K. Nayudu Lifetime Achievement Award]] at the Indian cricket team annual award show NAMAN in 2024.

As a cricketer, Shastri was essentially defensive with his trademark "chapati"<ref name="chapati1">{{cite news |url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/2001/07/14/stories/07140288.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030819050823/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/2001/07/14/stories/07140288.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=19 August 2003 |work=[[The Hindu]] |title=Some interesting trademark shots |access-date=2007-05-02 |location=Chennai, India |date=14 July 2001}}</ref><ref name="chapati2">{{cite web|url=http://www.hinduonnet.com/tss/tss2535/25350240.htm |work=[[The Hindu]] |title=Restraint is the essence |access-date=2007-05-02 |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050111100537/http://www.hinduonnet.com/tss/tss2535/25350240.htm |archive-date=11 January 2005 }}</ref> (a [[Cricket terminology#F|flick]] off the pads), but he could raise his [[strike rate]] when required. Due to his above-average height (he stood 6' 3" tall) and an upright stance, he had a limited number of shots against [[fast bowlers|fast bowling]], but was able to put the lofted shot to good use against [[spin bowling]]. Ravi played either as an opening batsman or in the middle order.

The highlight of his career was when he was elected Champion of Champions in the [[World Championship of Cricket]] in Australia in 1985. In the same season, on 10 January 1985,<ref>[https://www.news18.com/cricketnext/news/10th-january-1985-ravi-shastri-hits-six-sixes-in-an-over-1628315.html "10th January 1985: Ravi Shastri Hits-Six-Sixes-in-an-Over"]</ref> he equaled [[West Indies cricket team|West Indian]] [[Garry Sobers]]'s record of hitting six [[Six (cricket)|sixes]] in an [[Over (cricket)|over]] in [[First-class cricket|first class cricket]]. He was regarded as a potential captain, but his image outside cricket,<ref name="ic02">Raju Bharatan, "Ravi Shastri : Always 'on the ball'", Special Portrait, ''Indian Cricket 2002''.</ref> injuries and tendency to lose form at crucial times meant that he captained India in only one Test match.

In domestic cricket, he played for [[Mumbai cricket team|Bombay]] and led them to the [[Ranji Trophy]] title in his final year of playing. He also played four seasons of [[county cricket]] for [[Glamorgan County Cricket Club|Glamorgan]]. He was forced to retire aged 31 due to a recurring knee injury. He has done commentary on behalf of BCCI in the matches that India play.<ref>{{cite web|title=Ravi .Shastri|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/33975.html}}</ref> In 2014, he became the director of Indian cricket team for a period of eight months from India's tour of England until the [[2015 Cricket World Cup|2015 World Cup]]. On 13 July 2017, he was appointed as the head coach of Indian cricket team.<ref>{{cite news|title=Ravi Shastri appointed Head Coach|url=http://www.bcci.tv/news/2017/bcci-news/16160/ravi-shastri-appointed-head-coach|access-date=12 July 2017|work=BCCI|date=11 July 2017|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170714023626/http://www.bcci.tv/news/2017/bcci-news/16160/ravi-shastri-appointed-head-coach|archive-date=14 July 2017}}</ref> On 16 August 2019, he was re-appointed as the head coach of the senior men's Indian team and remained in charge until the [[2021 ICC Men's T20 World Cup|2021 ICC T20 World Cup.]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Ravi Shastri to continue as India head coach|url=https://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-news/109389/ravi-shastri-to-continue-as-india-head-coachay |website=Cricbuzz |access-date=16 August 2019 |date=16 August 2019}}</ref>

== Personal life ==
Ravi Shastri is of [[Mangalorean]] descent,<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.daijiworld.com/news/newsDisplay.aspx?newsID=381114 |title=Proud to hail from Mangaluru-Team Indian director Ravi Shastri |access-date= 18 February 2016 |publisher=Daijiworld news }}</ref> was born in Bombay and studied at [[Don Bosco High School, Matunga|Don Bosco High School]]. As a teenager, he took to cricket seriously. Playing for Don Bosco (Matunga), Shastri reached the final of the 1976 inter-school Giles Shield, finally losing to St Mary's, whose lineup included two future [[Ranji Trophy|Ranji]] players, Shishir Hattiangadi and Jignesh Sanghani. The next year, under Shastri's captaincy, Don Bosco won the Giles Shield in 1977, the first time in the history of that school.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mid-day.com/sports/local/2002/november/36349.htm |title=Report of Sanket Chavan improving Shastri's Giles shield record |publisher=Mid-day.com |access-date=2014-08-09}}</ref> At school, his coach was B. D. Desai, once a Tatas and Dadar Union player. While Don Bosco was not traditionally a major force in schools cricket, the [[Ramniranjan Anandilal Podar College of Commerce & Economics|R. A. Podar College]], where Shastri later studied [[commerce]], produced many good cricketers. Vasant Amladi and, in particular, V. S. "Marshall" Patil, were integral figures in Shastri's development as a cricketer.

When not in Mumbai, Shastri lives in [[Alibaug]].<ref>{{cite news |title=अलिबागकर असल्याचा अभिमान – रवी शास्त्री |url=https://www.loksatta.com/krida/proud-to-be-alibagkar-ravi-shastri-zws-70-2840079/ |access-date=9 April 2022 |work=[[Loksatta]] |date=14 March 2022 |language=mr}}</ref>

On 18 March 1990, Shastri married Ritu Singh.<ref>[[Harsha Bhogle]], "Howzat ! Ritu Singh appealed and Ravi Shastri walked up the aisle", Sportsworld, 4–10 April 1990, pp. 30-31</ref> They have one daughter named Alekha Shastri. After 22 years of marriage, Shastri filed for divorce.{{citation needed|date=December 2024}}

==Domestic career==
In his last year at the junior college, he was selected to represent the [[Mumbai cricket team|Bombay]] team in the Ranji Trophy.<ref name="woc">Javed Akhtar, ''The Young Veteran'', Interview with Ravi Shastri, ''World of Cricket'', April 1986</ref> At 17 years and 292 days, he was then the youngest cricketer to play for Bombay.
[[File:Ravi Shastri graph.png|left|thumb|350px|Ravi Shastri's career graph]]
An Indian under-19 team was scheduled to tour Pakistan in 1980–81. Shastri was included in the coaching camp at the last minute by the National Coach [[Hemu Adhikari]]. Shastri captained one of the two teams in a trial game and was then asked to lead the Indian Under-19 team. The tour, however, was cancelled. The team later went to Sri Lanka, but the games were frequently interrupted by rain.<ref>Pradeep Vijayakar, Cricketer of the Year article, ''Indian Cricket 1981''</ref>

His only notable achievement in his first two Ranji seasons were bowling figures of 6-61, which he took against Delhi in the 1979–80 Ranji final that Bombay lost. While he was playing against Uttar Pradesh at [[Green Park Stadium|Kanpur]] in the next season, he was called up to the squad touring New Zealand to stand in for the injured left arm spinner [[Dilip Doshi]]. Shastri arrived in [[Wellington]] the night before the first Test. His first over in Test cricket was a maiden to the New Zealand captain [[Geoff Howarth]]. In the second innings, he took 3 wickets in four balls, all to catches by [[Dilip Vengsarkar]], to bring a quick close to the [[New Zealand cricket team|New Zealand]] innings. In the third Test, his seven [[wicket]]s won him the man of the match award, while his 15 wickets in the series were the highest for either team.{{citation needed|date=October 2025}}

The Ranji final of 1984/85 turned out to be one of the finest matches in Indian domestic cricket history. A sleepy Gavaskar won the toss and batted. He could hardly close his eyes before Bombay was 3 down for 42. Batting at No.5, he scored his 20th and last Ranji Trophy hundred and took Bombay to 333. Shastri made 29 before he was bowled attempting to cut an [[Arm ball|arm–ball]]. Delhi was in early trouble before they were rescued by [[Chetan Chauhan]], batting with a fractured finger in his last first class match. [[Ajay Sharma]], in his first season, scored a hundred and took Delhi into the lead with nine wickets down.{{citation needed|date=October 2025}}

The rules of the competition specified that in the event of a draw, the team with the first innings lead would be declared the winners. With two days and 100 minutes left, Bombay went for quick runs. A crowd of about 46,000 turned up for match on the fourth day and the organizers ran out of tickets. Shastri top scored with 76 as Bombay set Delhi 300 to win in a day and ninety minutes.

Except for the odd delivery, the ball spun slowly and afforded enough time for the batsmen to play their strokes. Early on the final day, Delhi reached 95 for no loss and then collapsed. His first wicket was Chauhan who was declared out caught behind with the ball having spun across the face of the bat without apparently touching it. The match changed dramatically and the batsmen lost their head. [[Gursharan Singh]] was lbw playing no stroke, [[Kirti Azad]] played on, [[Surinder Khanna]] was stumped after a few slogs. Shastri took 8 for 91; Bombay won by 90 runs. In the 50th year of Ranji trophy, it was their 30th title.<ref name="sw1">Ayaz Memon, "Bombay pull off a remarkable win", ''Sportsweek'', 17–23 April 1985</ref>

After the tour of Australia in 1985–86, he also began to decline as a bowler. Bombay lost to Haryana in the semifinal of the Ranji trophy but West Zone won the [[Duleep Trophy]]. His major contribution was as a bowler in the semifinal against North Zone on a flat wicket at Trivandrum. Like in the Ranji final, North looked the likely winner going into the last day, before he took 8 for 145.

He scored hundreds in the quarterfinal and semifinal of the Duleep trophy, but West Zone lost to South on first innings lead in the latter match. Shastri's only other score over fifty in the season was a particularly dull 125 against Pakistan in the [[Sawai Mansingh Stadium|Jaipur]] Test. He did well enough to be the man of the one day series. In the first one-day match against Pakistan he captained India for the first time, scoring 50 and taking three wickets. He took four wickets at Calcutta and 69* at [[Lal Bahadur Shastri Stadium, Hyderabad|Hyderabad]] in two thrilling finishes. Later at [[Vidharba Cricket Association Ground|Nagpur]] with India facing a big target, he scored 52 in 40 balls.

In 1987, [[Glamorgan County Cricket Club|Glamorgan]] contracted Shastri to play for them. He stayed with them until 1991, with a break in 1990 due to India's tour of England. Shastri's presence did little for the fortunes of the county which finished at the bottom of the first class table in two of those seasons. Shastri topped 1000 runs in 1989 and scored hundreds in both innings against [[Middlesex County Cricket Club|Middlesex]]. His best bowling performance of 7 for 49 (11 for 90) in the match came against Lancashire in 1988, where he got bounce and turn and was 'unplayable' according to Wisden. The almanack noticed that Shastri was already becoming reluctant to bowl.

1988 was by far the best of the seasons for Glamorgan in one day matches. They finished 5th in the Sunday League – up from 14 in 1987 – and reached the semifinal of the Benson & Hedges Cup. Shastri won the leading six hitter award for the Sunday league matches of 1988 with 14 sixes. He was part of the [[Marylebone Cricket Club|MCC]] team that played a Rest of the World team in the MCC bicentennial match at [[Lord's]] in 1987.

Bombay breezed through the West Zone league of the 1993–94 Ranji Trophy winning all four matches – a very rare feat<ref>''Indian Cricket 1994''</ref> – by big margins. With the Test players away, Shastri captained the young team in the knockout matches. Bombay defeated Haryana by an innings and 202 runs in the pre quarter final but ran into trouble against Karnataka in the next round. Against 406, Bombay lost their first six for 174, before Shastri and [[Sairaj Bahutule]] added 259 in six hours. Shastri's individual score was 151. Bombay survived the best part of the last day to win on first innings lead. Shastri scored 612 runs in the season and took 17 wickets at 15. Bombay went on to beat Bengal in a low scoring final to lift the Ranji Trophy. It was their first championship since the famous win against Delhi nine years ago.

In September 1994, while in [[Sri Lanka]] covering the Singer World Series, Shastri announced his retirement from first class cricket.

==International career==
===Early days===
Within eighteen months of his Test debut, Shastri had moved up from tenth position in the [[batting order (cricket)|batting order]] to being an opening batsman. "His calm, sensible batting lower in the order", wrote [[Wisden Cricketers' Almanack|Wisden]], commenting on his first series,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://content.cricinfo.com/wisdenalmanack/content/story/154320.html |title=Wisden review of India in New Zealand 1980–81 |publisher=Content.cricinfo.com |access-date=2014-08-09}}</ref> "raised promise of his developing into a useful all-rounder, and his [[fielding (cricket)|fielding]] too was an asset". By the end of his career, he had batted in every position from one to ten. By his own admission,<ref name="woc" /> he ignored his bowling in favour of his batting. This was reflected in his performances. However, his figures of 9–101 in the season-opening 1981 [[Irani Trophy]] stood as a tournament record for nearly twenty years.

It was the failure of the regular openers [[Pranab Roy]] and [[Ghulam Parkar]] that led to Shastri being made to open at [[the Oval]] against England in 1982. He distinguished himself by scoring 66 [[Run (cricket)|runs]] in that match. An injury in the [[webbing]] of his hand ruled him out of four of the Tests to be played in Pakistan. Forced again to open in the final Test at [[National Stadium, Karachi|Karachi]], against the fast bowling of [[Imran Khan]] (then at the peak of his career), he scored his first Test hundred. He later made another hundred against the [[West Indies cricket team|West Indies]] in [[Antigua Recreation Ground|Antigua]]. ''[[Indian Cricket (annual)|Indian Cricket]]'' was impressed enough to suggest that, given time, he could become one of the best batsmen in the Indian team.<ref>''Indian Cricket 1983'', p.3, in the review of the tour of West Indies</ref>

Shastri was not selected to play in most of the important matches in the [[1983 cricket World Cup|1983 World Cup]]. In the series against the West Indies later that year, he again distinguished himself with his bold effort in batting against the domineering West Indian pace bowlers.

===The glorious winter===
In October 1984, [[Indian cricket team|India]] toured [[Pakistan]] for the third time in six years. The [[Gaddafi Stadium|Lahore]] Test saw India collapse to 156 against [[Pakistani cricket team|Pakistan]]'s 428, and [[Cricket terminology#F|follow on]]. India went into the last day trailing by 92 with six wickets in hand but were saved by a fifth wicket [[Cricket terminology#P|partnership]] of 126 between Shastri and [[Mohinder Amarnath]]. Shastri scored 71, while Amarnath made 101*. Shastri was even more successful in the next Test at [[Iqbal Stadium|Faisalabad]], where he scored 139 and shared a stand of 200 with [[Sandeep Patil]]. The last Test and the remainder of the tour were cancelled because of the [[assassination of Indira Gandhi]].

There were already signals that Shastri was being groomed as a future captain. Indian captain [[Sunil Gavaskar]] was coming to the end of his career and [[Kapil Dev]], who had led India in the previous season, was expected to succeed him. Shastri appeared to be the next in line. He led the Young India team to Zimbabwe in early 1984. Against the touring English team in November, he led the India Under–25 to an innings win - the first defeat of [[English cricket team|England]] in a tour match in India for fifty years.

Around this time, Shastri also began to open the innings regularly in [[One-day cricket|one day games]]. He scored 102 against Australia in October – [[Indian cricket team|India]]'s second hundred in ODIs – and made the same score against [[English cricket team|England]] at [[Barabati Stadium|Cuttack]] in December. Shastri had stood in for Gavaskar and opened with Srikkanth in two matches of the [[1983 cricket World Cup|1983 World Cup]]. The third time that they opened was at Cuttack and they set a world record of 188 for the first wicket. Later in the season, this partnership was to form the foundation for the Indian triumph in the WCC in Australia.

Shastri's success continued in Test matches against England. In the [[Wankhede Stadium|Bombay]] Test his 235 run stand with [[wicket-keeper]] [[Syed Kirmani]] led to victory for India. His 142 improved upon the 139 at Faisalabad as his highest score.

In the third Test at [[Eden Gardens|Kolkata]], Shastri made 111 in 357 balls and 455 minutes, though his innings was heavily interrupted by rain. With [[Mohammad Azharuddin]] he added 214 for the fifth wicket, another Indian record. When India started the second innings late in the final day, he was sent in to open, thus becoming one of the few batsmen to bat on all five days of a Test.

Shastri set another record for Bombay against Baroda in a West Zone Ranji match. His first hundred came up in 72 minutes and 80 balls and included nine fours and four sixes. The second took just 41 minutes and 43 balls. His 123 ball, 113-minute 200* became the fastest double hundred in first class history, beating the previous record by 7 minutes, and included 13 fours and 13 sixes. Six of the sixes came off a single over of the left arm spinner [[Tilak Raj]]. In terms of the number of sixes, it bettered the 58-year-old Indian record of [[CK Nayudu]] who had struck 11 sixes against a touring MCC team at Bombay Gymkhana in 1926–7. Shastri's unfinished sixth wicket stand of 204* with Ghulam Parkar, who contributed only 33 to the partnership, took only 83 minutes. In Baroda's second innings, Shastri took two wickets in four overs.<ref name="ic85">''Indian Cricket 1985''</ref>

===World Championship of Cricket - 1985===
Except for a few series in Pakistan and the 1983 World Cup final, the World Championship of Cricket in Australia was the first time overseas cricket matches were shown live in India. The WCC saw India win every match convincingly. The WCC was conceived as a celebration of the 150th year of the formation of [[Victoria (Australia)|Victoria]], but the finalists turned out to be India and Pakistan.<ref name="ic85" /><ref>Sunil Gavaskar, ''One day wonders''</ref>

Shastri had a slow start to the tournament but finished with fifties in the last three matches. Srikkanth too scored three fifties and India posted century opening stands against [[Australian cricket team|Australia]] and in the final. India went in with two spinners for every match. It helped that all the matches were played at [[Melbourne Cricket Ground|Melbourne]] and [[Sydney Cricket Ground|Sydney]] which have turning tracks and long boundaries. Sivaramakrishnan and Shastri claimed 18 wickets between them in five matches.

For his 182 runs and 8 wickets, Shastri was chosen as the man of the series which in this tournament was called 'The Champion of Champions'. He won an [[Audi 100]] car for his efforts. By the special order of Prime Minister [[Rajiv Gandhi]], Indian customs waived the heavy duty its import would have normally entailed.<ref>[https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=gFURAAAAIBAJ&sjid=tJUDAAAAIBAJ&pg=4106,2623622 ''The Age'', 19 March 1985]{{Dead link|date=August 2014}}</ref>

===Vice-Captaincy 1985===
Two weeks later India won the Rothman's cup in [[Sharjah Cricket Stadium|Sharjah]] beating Pakistan and Australia. The victory against [[Pakistani cricket team|Pakistan]] was particularly memorable because India defended a total of only 125. Shastri and Siva continued their successful partnership with the ball. It was for this tournament that Shastri served as the Indian vice captain for the first time. Gavaskar had announced his decision to resign his captaincy at the end of the WCC before the tournament began.<ref>[https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=KFMRAAAAIBAJ&sjid=XpUDAAAAIBAJ&pg=4995,7931286 ''The Age'', 14 February 1985]{{Dead link|date=August 2014}}</ref> Before the final, former Australian captain [[Ian Chappell]] suggested that for the good of Indian cricket, Gavaskar should continue as the captain until Shastri could take over from him.<ref>David McMahon, Interview with Shastri, ''Sportsworld'' 24–30 April 1985</ref>

Shastri continued as vice captain to Kapil Dev in the 1985–86 season. This season and the England tour of 1986 were ordinary ones for him. Australia, Sri Lanka and Pakistan toured India in 1986–87. Shastri played a crucial role in the [[Tied Test]] at [[M. A. Chidambaram Stadium|Madras]] against [[Australian cricket team|Australia]], scoring 62 and 48*. When Indian middle order collapsed and India fell behind the run rate, his two sixes in quick succession off [[Off spin|off–spinner]] [[Greg Matthews]] came in handy. In the final Test at Bombay he scored 121*. As was becoming increasingly common, it was played in first and fourth gear. He hung around for around 30 minutes for the last run for his fifty and twice as long in the nineties. Yet he hit six sixes, three of which came after he completed his hundred. The huge six off left arm fast bowler [[Bruce Reid]] – a cross batted heave that went over longon – was particularly memorable. Six sixes in an innings was an Indian record at the time. But he was outshone by [[Dilip Vengsarkar]] who scored 164* in the same innings. They added a record 298* for the sixth wicket.

In early 1987, he presented a 15-minute coaching series which went by the name 'That's Cricket'. This was aired on the national channel [[Doordarshan]] on Sunday mornings. There were even rumours of an involvement with actress [[Amrita Singh]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://cricket.indiatimes.com/articleshow/10350428.cms |title=BBC/Indiatimes interview |publisher=Cricket.indiatimes.com |date=2005-08-07 |access-date=2014-08-09 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090421092053/http://cricket.indiatimes.com/articleshow/10350428.cms |archive-date=21 April 2009 }}</ref>

India lost the final Test at [[M. Chinnaswamy Stadium|Bangalore]] to lose the 1986–87 series against Pakistan. Kapil Dev was widely criticised in the media for his captaincy. The selectors retained him as captain in the [[1987 Cricket World Cup|Reliance World Cup]] at the beginning of the 1987–88 season. Shastri failed with the bat in the Reliance Cup but formed a successful bowling partnership with [[Maninder Singh (cricketer)|Maninder Singh]], another left arm spinner. India topped its group but went down to England in the semifinal. Kapil Dev received more criticisms for skying a catch to deep midwicket when a win was still a possibility.

===Captaincy issues 1987===
About this time, Vengsarkar emerged as the strongest candidate to take over from Kapil. He had had a dream run with the bat, starting from the series in England in 1986. In 1987, the newly established Deloitte ratings (the forerunner of the current LG ratings) ranked him the best batsman in the world. The Indian selectors have conventionally leaned towards making the best player of the team the captain. So before the home series against [[West Indies cricket team|West Indies]], Kapil was sacked and Vengsarkar was made the Indian captain.

Vengsarkar had his left arm fractured in the third Test and Shastri captained India for the only time in his Test career. On an underprepared turning track in Madras, India won the toss and elected to bat first. Debutant [[Narendra Hirwani]] took 16 for 136 as India won by 255 runs to draw the series 1–1. Apart from this, Shastri did little with bat or ball. West Indies won 7 of the eight one day matches, he was the captain in six of them. Vengsarkar meanwhile picked up a six-month ban from [[Board of Control for Cricket in India|BCCI]] for writing newspaper columns. So Shastri continued as the captain for a three nations tournament in Sharjah in April. Sri Lanka and New Zealand were the other teams and India won easily.

===Sacking and vice captaincy 1989===
India travelled to West Indies in early 1989. Though a failure overall, Shastri played the best innings by either team in the series. It came at [[Kensington Oval|Bridgetown]] in the second Test. India trailed by 56 in the first innings and lost the six second innings wickets for 63. Batting at No.3, Shastri was last out for a courageous 107 out of 251 all out. Looking back at the end of his career, he was to consider this his finest innings.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cricinfo.com/link_to_database/ARCHIVE/ARTICLES/PLAYERS/SHASTRI_INTERVIEW_HOOVER_FEB94 |title=Interview with Cricinfo in 1994 |publisher=Cricinfo.com |date= |access-date=2014-08-09}}</ref> The bowlers were [[Malcolm Marshall]], [[Curtly Ambrose]], [[Courtney Walsh]] and [[Ian Bishop (cricketer, born 1967)|Ian Bishop]] and the pitch, difficult.

On the way back many of the Indian players took part in an exhibition match in United States. BCCI suspended the players. Though the suspension was later revoked, Vengsarkar was sacked. Srikkanth became the new captain and Shastri, yet again, the deputy. After an indifferent series in Pakistan, both were excluded from the tour of New Zealand in 1990. Azharuddin led an experimental team which a selector called the 'team of the nineties'. Within a few weeks, the phrase got the status of a joke. Shastri was recalled for the tour to England that summer as the vice-captain. 

===The Indian summer===
Shastri's career generally remained a struggle until the England tour of 1990 where he scored two hundreds in the three Test rubber. Opening the innings for India, he began with an even 100 in India's reply to a huge England score at Lord's. It was a hard-working innings and Shastri played and missed often with most of the runs came with his usual flicks and nudges. Towards the end of his innings, he grew aggressive, reaching his hundred by hitting the English off-spinner [[Eddie Hemmings (cricketer)|Eddie Hemmings]] for two fours and a six in an over, and departed immediately attempting another big hit.

He topped this with 187 at the Oval. Journalist and commentator [[Harsha Bhogle]]'s description of this innings holds true for many of Shastri's major efforts:<ref>Harsha Bhogle, ''The Joy of a Lifetime : India's tour of England 1990''</ref>

:Watching Shastri bat is like admiring the [[Qutub Minar]]; tall, timeless, solid. You admire it for the virtues, not for its style. For nine hours and 21 minutes, he chiselled away the England attack and the sculpture that he left behind represented perseverance and craft. There was the usual stoic, expressionless face under the helmet, but you could see the determination in his eyes as he planted himself at the wicket, struck root and bore fruit.

: Only occasionally, the bat wavered in its resolve but the mind put it on the right path again, almost in admonishment, and the bat grew broader and straighter ... He may never be a Gavaskar, but he at least represents the great man's virtues, even if by proxy. It would be a relief too, to know that he will never throw away his wicket for nobody guards his crease more fiercely.

Following the innings at the Oval, Shastri scored his career best score of 217 in the Irani trophy in the opening match of the Indian season and a top score of 88 on a very bad wicket in the [[Sector 16 Stadium|Chandigarh]] Test against Sri Lanka. He carried his bat for 101* against the same opponents in a one-day match a week later, reaching the hundred with a two off the last ball. Next year in South Africa's first-ever ODI series on their return to international cricket, he scored 109 at Delhi, his fourth and last one day hundred. A series of abandoned tours meant India played few matches at home at this time.

At the end of 1991, India travelled to Australia for a five Test series, to be followed by the World Cup. [[Nine Network|Channel 9]] dubbed it ''the Indian Summer''. The series was a disaster for India – they lost four of the Tests – and was rife with umpiring controversies. But it also saw the final flourishes in the careers of Shastri and Kapil Dev.

Shastri took 5 wickets for 15 runs against Australia in an early match in the World Series Cup. It was then the best bowling figures by an Indian in [[One Day International|ODIs]]. Most of the wickets were gratuitously earned, though – three batsmen were caught on the [[leg side|legside]] [[Boundary (cricket)|boundary]] and another stumped. In the third Test at Sydney, he scored his only double hundred in Test cricket, the first by an Indian against Australia. He was dropped in the sixties by the Australian leg-spinner [[Shane Warne]], who was making his debut, off his own bowling. Amidst frequent interruptions by rain, he completed his hundred early on the fourth day and a six off Warne brought up the 150. He finally fell to a tired shot at Warne after nine and a half hours, scoring 206 with 17 fours and the two sixes, thus becoming Warne's first Test wicket.

It was also during this innings that the knee injury that would soon end his career appeared for the first time. India had gone into the match with four pace bowlers and no regular spinners. Shastri was little more than a part-time bowler by this time. By the final day, pitch started taking spin. Shastri took four wickets in the second innings and Australia just about beat the clock to draw the match. India could well have won the match with another spinner.<ref>[http://content.cricinfo.com/wisdenalmanack/content/story/152073.html ''Wisden 1992''] (accessed 25 June 2005)</ref><ref>[http://www.cricinfo.com/db/ARCHIVE/1991-92/IND_IN_AUS/ Cricinfo match reports of India in Australia 1991/2] (accessed 25 June 2005)</ref>

[[File:Ravi Shastri.jpg|thumb|right|Ravi Shastri in 2015]]

===Late career===
{{BLP unreferenced section|date=April 2022}}
The remaining [[World Series Cup|WSC]] matches followed the Sydney Test. In the second final against Australia Shastri worsened the knee injury. At the later stages of the innings he was forced to stand and slog. After a few quick runs, it ended in an inevitable mishit to cover. He missed the remaining two Test matches, both of which India lost. For a while it seemed doubtful that he would be able to play the [[1992 Cricket World Cup|World Cup]] which was being hosted by Australia and New Zealand, but was included at the last moment.

In their second match, India chased 238 to win in 50 overs against Australia. A rain interruption meant that the target was revised to 236 in 47 overs. Shastri took 67 balls for his 25; India went on to lose by one run. He was blamed for the defeat and dropped from the remaining matches of the tournament.

In the next season, South Africa hosted India for their first ever tour. Shastri opened in all four Tests and struggled to score runs. The only bright spot was a 16 ball 27 not out, in India's one day win at Centurion park. He had batted down the order in the one day matches of this series. In reference to the World Cup innings against Australia, he commented later that for once he knew what his exact role was.

India hosted England immediately after the South Africa series. The knee injury returned before the series and put Shastri out of cricket for eight months. He never again represented India in international cricket.

==Post-retirement==
He made his debut as a TV commentator with the World Masters Tournament in Mumbai in March 1995.<ref name="ic02" /> In 2003, he collaborated in starting up ''Showdiff Worldwide'', a celebrity management company. He has since served [[International Cricket Council|ICC]] and [[Board of Control for Cricket in India|BCCI]] in temporary official capacities and as a [[UNICEF Goodwill Ambassador]]. Some of his temporary shows, such as Super Spells, still run [[Star Sports (Indian TV network)|Star Sports]] and related channels. He and fellow commentator [[Sunil Gavaskar]] ended their long-term associations with [[ESPN STAR Sports|ESPN-STAR Sports]] in April 2008 as they were contracted by the BCCI as commentators for lucrative [[Indian Premier League]] which was broadcast by rival network [[Sony Max]].[http://www.dnaindia.com/report.asp?newsid=1160208] 2008 also held great significance for Shastri as he became the father of Alekha at the age of 46.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mangalorean.com/news.php?newstype=local&newsid=74464 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110714025856/http://www.mangalorean.com/news.php?newstype=local&newsid=74464 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2011-07-14 |title=Up Close With Ravi Shastri |publisher=Mangalorean.com |access-date=2014-08-09 }}</ref> He temporarily coached the [[Indian cricket team]] for their 2007 Bangladesh tour. He was named the Celebrity Torchbearer for the [[Oman]] Leg of the [[2008 Summer Olympics torch relay]].

==Coaching career==
In July 2017 Shastri, the former team director, was appointed as Head Coach for the national team by the Cricket Advisory Committee (CAC), comprising [[Sourav Ganguly]], [[Sachin Tendulkar]] and [[VVS Laxman]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/india/content/story/1110473.html|title=Shastri, Zaheer, Dravid in India's new coaching team|work=Cricinfo }}</ref> The contract has him getting paid Rs. 8 crore per year. Rs. 1.5 Crore more than his predecessor [[Anil Kumble]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.firstpost.com/sports/how-does-ravi-shastris-annual-salary-of-rs-8-crore-compare-with-previous-india-coaches-3830285.html|title=How does Ravi Shastri's annual salary of Rs 8 crore compare with previous India coaches? - Firstpost|website=www.firstpost.com|date=19 July 2017 |access-date=2018-03-10}}</ref> As the World cup 2019 was in progress, on 13 June, the BCCI announced an extension of Shastri's contract by 45 days after the tournament.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/cricket/report-world-cup-2019-indian-coach-ravi-shastri-and-his-staff-to-be-handed-45-day-extended-contract-after-tournament-2760233|title=World Cup 2019: Indian coach Ravi Shastri and his staff to be handed 45-day extended contract after tournament|date=2019-06-13|website=DNA India|language=en|access-date=2019-06-13}}</ref> On 16 August 2019, he was re-appointed as the head coach of the senior men's Indian team, with his new contract extending up to the [[2021 ICC T20 World Cup]] in UAE.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ravi Shastri to remain India head coach|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/27398849/ravi-shastri-remain-india-head-coach |website=ESPN Cricinfo |access-date=16 August 2019 |date=16 August 2019}}</ref>

==Legends League Cricket==
In November 2021, Shastri retired from coaching national cricket team and joined the Legends League Cricket as the commissioner.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cricket/ravi-shastri-roped-in-as-legends-league-cricket-commissioner-101636969343215.html|title=Shastri roped in as Commissioner of Legends League Cricket}}</ref>

==In popular culture==
A [[Hindi cinema|Bollywood]] film ''[[Azhar (film)|Azhar]]'' released in 2016, directed by Tony D'Souza, revolves around [[South Africa cricket match fixing|Match fixing scandals in late 90s and 2000]] and role of [[Mohammad Azharuddin]] in the scandal. Shastri's character was portrayed by [[Gautam Gulati]] in the film.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ex Bigg Boss Winner Gautam Gulati to Play Ravi Shastri In 'Azhar'|url=https://www.thequint.com/entertainment/2015/10/22/ex-bigg-boss-winner-gautam-gulati-to-play-ravi-shastri-in-azhar|access-date=2021-03-22|website=TheQuint|date=23 October 2015 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Gautam to play Ravi Shastri|url=https://m.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/features/gautam-to-play-ravi-shastri-90383|access-date=2021-03-22|website=Tribuneindia News Service|language=en}}</ref> However, the film portrayed Shastri's character in highly negative light as it depicts him as a Womaniser.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ravi Shastri portrayed as a womaniser in 'Azhar' - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/ravi-shastri-portrayed-as-a-womaniser-in-azhar/articleshow/52288852.cms|access-date=2021-03-22|website=The Times of India|date=28 January 2017 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Azhar: Ravi Shastri shown a womaniser, angry with makers of the film|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/gossip/story/azhar-ravi-shastri-shown-a-womaniser-angry-with-azhar-makers-323805-2016-05-16|access-date=2021-03-22|website=India Today|date=16 May 2016 |language=en}}</ref> Due to the negative depiction, Shastri slammed the makers of the film and further said that he has no intentions of watching the movie.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2016-05-17|title=Ravi Shastri says he has no intentions of watching 'Azhar'|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/sports/report-ravi-shastri-says-he-has-no-intentions-of-watching-azhar-2213143|access-date=2021-03-22|website=DNA India|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Virat's 'terrific' form can only benefit Indian cricket: Ravi Shastri|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cricket/virat-s-terrific-form-can-only-benefit-indian-cricket-ravi-shastri/story-lrdFcDBYmVjlcz8ekfsjTL.html|access-date=2021-03-22|website=Hindustan Times|date=22 May 2016 |language=en}}</ref>

The 2021 Indian film ''[[83 (film)|83]]'', which is based on India's World Cup win, features Dhairya Karwa portraying Shastri's character.<ref>{{Cite web|title=This 'Uri' actor will play Ravi Shastri in Ranveer Singh starrer 83′|url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/entertainment/this-uri-actor-will-play-ravi-shastri-in-ranveer-singh-starrer-83|access-date=2021-03-21|website=Free Press Journal|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-01-22|title=83: Ranveer Singh shares first poster of Dhairya Karwa as Ravi Shastri, calls him 'youngest gun amongst the devils'. See pic|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/83-ranveer-singh-shares-first-poster-of-dhairya-karwa-as-ravi-shastri-calls-him-youngest-gun-amongst-the-devils-see-pic/story-tUUIOdCEEHMfc15pPVyqGL.html|access-date=2021-03-21|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
*{{ESPNcricinfo|id=33975}}

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{{succession box |
before=[[Dilip Vengsarkar]] |
title=[[Indian National Test Cricket Captains|Indian National Test Cricket Captain]] |
years=1987/88 '''(1 Test Match)'''|
after=[[Dilip Vengsarkar]]
}}
{{succession box |
before= [[Greg Chappell]] |
title=Indian Cricket Team Coach/Manager |
years=2007 |
after=[[Chandu Borde]]
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{{Indian Test Cricket Captains}}
{{India ODI Cricket Captains}}
{{India national cricket team coaches}}
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{{India Squad 1983 Cricket World Cup}}
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{{India Squad 1990–91 Asia Cup}}
{{India Squad 1992 Cricket World Cup}}
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[[Category:1962 births]]
[[Category:Coaches of the Indian national cricket team]]
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[[Category:Indian cricketers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian sportsmen]]
[[Category:India Test cricket captains]]
[[Category:India One Day International cricketers]]
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[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Mangaloreans]]
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[[Category:Recipients of the Arjuna Award]]
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[[Category:M Parkinson's World XI cricketers]]

Kigga

2026-03-08T06:42:20Z

FinlayPulido6: adjusted article and cleaned formatting

{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Kigga
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name = Rushyashrungapura
| nickname =
| settlement_type = village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = 
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Karnataka, India
| coordinates =
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Karnataka]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Chikkamagaluru district|Chikkamagaluru]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total =
| population_as_of =
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Kannada]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code =
| registration_plate =
| blank1_name_sec1 = Nearest city
| blank1_info_sec1 = Sringeri
| website =
| footnotes =
}}

'''Kigga''' is a small village located at a distance of 9 km from Sringeri in Chikmagalur district. The main attraction of Kigga is Sri Rishya Shringeshwara temple ([[Rishyashringa|Rishya Shringa]]).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://rcmysore-portal.kar.nic.in/temples/shreerishyashringeshwaraswamytemple/ContactUs.htm|title=Shree Rishya Shringeshwara Swamy Temple : Contact Us|website=rcmysore-portal.kar.nic.in|access-date=2018-05-29}}</ref> Another attraction of Kigga is Narasimha Parvatha, the tallest peak in the [[Agumbe]] Ghats.
[[File:Peak pole Narasimha Parvatha Kigga.jpg|thumb|Pole at the summit of Narasimha Parvatha near Kigga village, Karnataka, India]]

[[File:Narasimha feet Narasimha Parvatha Kigga.jpg|thumb|Rock formation claimed by locals to be the feet of Narasimha, at the peak of Narasimha Parvatha near Kigga, Chikkamagaluru district, Karnataka, India]]
[[Sirimane Falls|Sirimane waterfall]] is located nearby Kigga.

The history of Kigga dates back to the era of Ramayana. It is perhaps one of the oldest temples in Karnataka.

Sage Vibhandaka, son of Kashyapa Brahma, engages in penance of Lord Shiva for thousands of years. Due to his devoted meditation, tapojwala from his forehead extended throughout the earth, and there was a chance that the earth would be burnt due to extreme tapo jwala.

Hence, as a plan to control this tapo jwala destroy the earth, all devatas send apsaras to earth from devaloka to deviate the concentration of the sage Vibhandaka.

Apsaras were engaged in jalakreeda on the banks of river Tunga with an intention to attract sage Vibhadaka. On seeing the apsaras on the bank of river Tunga, sage Vibhandaka is distracted by the divine power at work. Due to the momentary vacillation, there was an effusion of semen into the waters of river Tunga. Such an effusion of semen which was flowing in waters of River Tunga, was drunk by a cursed deer, which later gives birth to a male human child who was born with horn and had a divine radiant energy. As per its animal nature, deer leaves the child and walks away from the place.

As a regular practice of spiritual discipline, Sage Vibhandaka visits the banks of river Tunga and listens to a crying sound of a child without anybody around the child. Since the sage is a trikaala jnani (a person who knows past, present, and future) he learns the tale of the child and he identifies the child to be of his family lineage and takes the baby to his ashram to care for him.

As a mark of symbol for having come into existence through a deer, the child had a horn in his head. In Sanskrit, horn is called Shrunga. Since he had a rushi moola (primitive of a sage lineage) and a horn in his head, sage Vibhandaka named the child as "Rishyashrunga." The child grows in the shelter of sage Vibhandaka.

In the meantime, the concubine of King Dasharatha of Kosala desha gives birth to a female child in bad constellation, and the child is named Shanta. She was adopted by Raja Roma pada, King of Angadesha. Since Shanta was born in a bad constellation, there was huge famine in Anga desha for a brief period of 12 years. During such grief period, triloka sanchari Narada visits Anga desha. King Roma pada welcomes sage Narada and briefs him about the grief caused by extended famine in his kingdom. Sage Narada informs King Romapada that if he can ensure sage Rishyashrunga keeps his feet on the Angada desha, the famine will pass end to his divine radiant energy since he is an avatar of rain god. Courtesan women of Anga desha visit sage Vibhandakas ashram and attract sage Rishyashrunga and convince him to visit Anga desha with them.

When Sage Rishyashrunga keeps his foot in Angadesha, the whole kingdom receives sufficient downpour, and famine disappears from the kingdom, and there is complete prosperity within the kingdom.

As per the suggestion of sage Narada, King Romapada gets his adopted daughter Shanta married to Rishyashrunga and makes him the king of Anga desha. Due to the divine magical powers of Rishyashrunga, Anga desha becomes a prosperous country.

During the same period, King Dasharatha was ruling Kosala desha in its full prosperity. but he lacked a son to carry on his dynasty. He decided to perform an putrakamesti yaga in order to beget a son. His counsellor and charioteer, Sumantra, told him of a prophecy that by bringing the sage Rishyasringa to Ayodhyā, he would beget sons. To fulfil the prophecy, Dasharatha travelled to Angadesha and requested Rishyasringa to visit Kosala to perform the Yaga. A Putrakamesti yaga was performed for the attainment of sons.

During its performance, a figure emerged from the fire carrying a vessel of celestial porridge. Dasharatha offers this divine food to Kausalya, Sumitra, and Kaikeyi. Kausalya gives birth to the prince Rama and Kaikeyi to Bharata, and Sumitra became the mother of Lakshmana and [[Shatrughna]], who were avatars of God graced towards Loka kalyana

After ruling Anga desha for some time, Sage Rishyashrunga wishes to continue his penance and comes back to Shrungagiri (Present day Sringeri) with his wife Shanta. On returning to Shrunga giri, he learns that his father Vibhandaka had attained communion in Lord Shiva. He gets an Ashariravani (a human voice heard without the speaker being seen; a voice from the sky or empty space), Wherein he was ordered by the divine power to engage in penance in Narasimha Parvata (this place is situated in deep [[Western Ghats|western ghats]] behind Kigga village). Lord Narasimha was pleased with his penance and appeared to Rushyashrunga and preached him the "SHIVA PANCHAKSHARI MANTRA, i.e OM NAMAH SHIVAYA" and orders him to continue his penance in Kigga which is in downhill of Narasimha parvata with Shiva panchakshari mantra in devotion to "Lord Chandramouleshwara".

Lord Chandramouleshwara is pleased with his penance and asks for a boon. In anxiety of having pleased the Lord Shiva, the almighty, instead of asking for communion with Lord Shiva, he asks Lord Shiva to be Communited inside him. Lord Shiva agrees for his wish and is communited with Sage Rushyashrunga.

Due to differences in words used for asking the boon, the place was earlier named as "KAGGA." Later, during the course of time, the place started to be called "KIGGA".

==References==
<references />

{{coord missing|Karnataka}}https://www.deccanherald.com/india/karnataka/its-kigga-calling-2380938

[[Category:Villages in Chikmagalur district]]

NSS Hindu College, Changanassery

2026-02-22T10:05:00Z

FinlayPulido6: added info

{{Short description|Education institute in Perunna, Changanassery, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}
{{Infobox college
| name = NSS Hindu College
| image = File:NSS Hindu College, Changanassery Logo.png
| image_size = 160
| motto = ''तमसो मा ज्योतिर्गमय''
| mottoeng = ''From darkness, lead me to the Light''
| type = Aided
| established = {{Start date and age|df=yes|1947}}
| founder = [[Mannathu Padmanabha Pillai]]
| parent = [[Nair Service Society]]
| accreditation = [[National Assessment and Accreditation Council|NAAC]] 'A' Grade
| affiliation = [[Mahatma Gandhi University, Kerala]]
| principal = S.Sujatha
| location = {{flagicon|India}} [[Changanassery]]
| coordinates = {{coord|9.44074|76.54526}}
| website = {{URL|https://nsshinducollege.org/}}
}}
'''NSS Hindu College, Changanassery''' ('''NSSHC''')<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=SSR : NSS Hindu College |url=https://nsshinducollege.org/iqac/ssr/ |access-date=2024-05-30 |website=nsshinducollege.org}}</ref> is one of the oldest and largest institutions of higher education of [[Nair Service Society]] was established in 1947 by Indian social reformer and freedom fighter [[Mannathu Padmanabha Pillai]] and is located on par with its central headquarters at [[Perunna]], [[Changanassery]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=About NSS Hindu College : NSS Hindu College |url=https://nsshinducollege.org/about-us/about-nss-hindu-college/ |access-date=2024-05-30 |website=nsshinducollege.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=N.S.S. Hindu College, Changanacherry – Official website of Nair Service Society |url=https://nss.org.in/n-s-s-hindu-college-changanacherry/ |access-date=2024-05-30 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>[[V. Balakrishnan (author)|V. Balakrishnan]] & [[R. Leela Devi]], 1982, Mannathu Padmanabhan and the revival of Nairs in [[Kerala]], Vikas Publishing House, New Delhi.</ref> The college is affiliated to [[Mahatma Gandhi University, Kerala|Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam]]<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Affiliated Colleges |url=https://www.mgu.ac.in/affiliated-colleges/ |access-date=2024-05-30 |website=MG University |language=en}}</ref> and is re-accredited by [[National Assessment and Accreditation Council]] (NAAC) with 'A' grade.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=National Assessment and Accreditation Council |first=Ministry of Education, Government of India |date= |title=The Accreditation Results of institutions approved by the 29th Standing Committee-27th November 2017 (3rd Cycle) |url=http://naac.gov.in/docs/Archives/General%20Archive/ACCREDITATION%20RESULTS/29th-3rd_cycle.pdf |website=National Assessment and Accreditation Council}}</ref>

==History==
The land stationing the college starts its recorded history of ownership from ''Ezhanthi [[Bhattathiri]]'s'' and was later acquired by ''Kumaramangalam [[Nambudiri|Namboothirippad]]'s'' which they sold it to the public. [[Nair Service Society]] bought this northern part of the ''[[illam]]'s'' property in the 1940s where the college was constructed.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Mannathu |first=Padmanabhan |title=Reminiscences of My Life (A Biography of Mannathu Padmanabhan) |publisher=Cultural Publication Department, Kerala |isbn=8186365982 |edition=2003 |language=}}</ref> On establishment on 10 June 1947, the college started operation in the rooms provided at the NSS High School building in Changanassery.{{fact|date=May 2024}}

The foundation stone of the existing structure was laid in July 1949 by [[Panampilly Govinda Menon]], then Minister for Education of the state of [[Travancore–Cochin]]. The opening ceremony of the college was a fortnight long event held in January 1956 which started with the flag hoisting by [[Chithira Thirunal Balarama Varma]], the king of erstwhile [[Travancore]]. The college was inaugurated by [[Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan]], then vice president of India and declared open by [[Kanaiyalal Maneklal Munshi]], then governor of state of [[Uttar Pradesh]].<ref name=":0" />

==Overview==
=== Affiliation ===
The college was affiliated to the then [[University of Travancore]] when it was established in 1947. From 1983 onwards, it has been affiliated to [[Mahatma Gandhi University, Kerala|Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam]].<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />

=== Accreditation ===
The [[National Assessment and Accreditation Council]] (NAAC) accredited the college with 'B++' grade in 2006.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-03-04 |title=NSS hindu college |url=https://nsshinducollege.org/ |access-date=2024-05-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304202748/https://nsshinducollege.org/ |archive-date=4 March 2016 }}</ref> It was re-accredited with 'A' grade on third cycle by the 29th standing committee on 27 November 2017.<ref name=":2" />

=== National Cadet Corps ===
The college has two units of [[National Cadet Corps (India)|National Cadet Corps]], an Army Wing under 5 Kerala Battalion NCC, Changanassery with a sanctioned strength of 160 cadets and a Naval Wing under 5 Kerala Naval Unit, Changanassery with a sanctioned strength of 50 cadets.<ref>{{Cite web |title=NCC : NSS Hindu College |url=https://nsshinducollege.org/activities/ncc/ |access-date=2024-05-30 |website=nsshinducollege.org}}</ref>

=== National Service Scheme ===
The college has two units of [[National Service Scheme]] with a strength of 100 members each.<ref>{{Cite web |title=NSS : NSS Hindu College |url=https://nsshinducollege.org/activities/nss/ |access-date=2024-05-30 |website=nsshinducollege.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=MG UNIVERSITY-NSS |url=https://nss.mgu.ac.in/Nsscontrol/college_list |access-date=2024-05-30 |website=nss.mgu.ac.in}}</ref>

==Campus Infrastructure==
The college has a [[playground]] of around 3.5 acre in 2:1 [[aspect ratio]] with fixed [[Association football|football]] goal posts, an open [[basketball]] court, a multi-gymnasium and on-site canteen. It stations one of the four University Study Centre's of [[Mahatma Gandhi University, Kerala|Mahatma Gandhi University]].

[[File:NSS Hindu College, Changanassery.jpg|320px|right|thumb|Main Block of NSS Hindu College, Changanassery]]
It has a [[Local area network|LAN]] linked computer lab with an accommodation for 40 students. The library block houses about 80,676 books and is equipped with [[Koha (software)|Koha]] integrated library management system, e-gate and information [[Interactive kiosk|kiosk]]. It facilitates access to electronic resources like [[INFLIBNET Centre|INFLIBNET]] and DELNET.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Digital Library : NSS Hindu College |url=https://nsshinducollege.org/facilities/digital-library/ |access-date=2024-05-30 |website=nsshinducollege.org}}</ref><ref name=":3" /> Two ladies hostels are functioning in the campus with the principal as ex officio warden. As per the [[National Institutional Ranking Framework|NIRF]] data, the college has a strength of around 2500 students and 100 faculties.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=NIRF : NSS Hindu College |url=https://nsshinducollege.org/iqac/nirf-2/ |access-date=2024-05-30 |website=nsshinducollege.org}}</ref>

==Programmes==
As per [[Mahatma Gandhi University, Kerala|Mahatma Gandhi University]] regulations, the college follows Choice Based Credit and Semester System (CBCSS) from 2009 onwards for the three year [[Undergraduate education|undergraduate]] programme and Credit Based Semester System (CBCS) for the two year [[Postgraduate education|postgraduate]] programme from 2012.<ref name=":3" /> The Centralized Allotment Process (CAP) of the university handles admission procedure to the university qouta and admission to remaining few seats are handled by college management.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |title=Academic Calendar : NSS Hindu College |url=https://nsshinducollege.org/student-support/academic-calendar/ |access-date=2024-05-30 |website=nsshinducollege.org}}</ref>

{{legend inline|#8EEBEC|'''Department with Doctoral Programme'''|outline=silver}}
{| class="wikitable"
|+'''NSS Hindu College, Changanassery'''
|-
! rowspan="2" | Sl. No !! rowspan="2" | Department !! colspan="2" | Undergraduate
! colspan="2" |Postgraduate
|-
!Course
!Seats
!Course
!Seats
|-
! colspan="6" |Arts
|-
|1.
|style="background:#8EEBEC"|Hindi
|B.A. Hindi
|30
|M.A. Hindi
|15+4
|-
|2.
|style="background:#8EEBEC"|English
|B.A. English
|30
|M.A. English
|12+3
|-
|3.
|style="background:#8EEBEC"|Malayalam
|B.A. Malayalam
|30
|M.A. Malayalam
|15+4
|-
|4.
|style="background:#8EEBEC"|Political Science
|B.A. Politics
|60
|M.A. Politics
|15+4
|-
| 5. ||style="background:#8EEBEC"| History || B.A. History
|120
|M.A. History
|15+4
|-
| 6. ||style="background:#8EEBEC"|Economics|| B.A. Economics
|120
|M.A. Economics
|15+4
|-
|7.
|Philosophy
|B.A. Philosophy
|60
|{{N/A}}
|{{N/A}}
|-
! colspan="6" |Commerce
|-
|8.
|Commerce
|B.Com. Finance
|60+10
|M.Com. Finance
|15+4
|-
! colspan="6" |Science
|-
|9.
|Botany
|B.Sc. Botany
|24+6
|{{N/A}}
|{{N/A}}
|-
|10.
|style="background:#8EEBEC"|Zoology
|B.Sc. Zoology
|24+6
|M.Sc. Zoology
|12+3
|-
|11.
|style="background:#8EEBEC"|Physics
|B.Sc. Physics
|24+6
|M.Sc. Physics
|12+3
|-
|12.
|style="background:#8EEBEC"|Chemistry
|B.Sc. Chemistry
|32+6
|M.Sc. Chemistry
|10+3
|-
|13.
|style="background:#8EEBEC"|Mathematics
|B.Sc. Mathematics
|60
|M.Sc. Mathematics
|15+4
|-
|14.
|Food Science
|B.Sc. Food Science and Quality Control
|60
|{{N/A}}
|{{N/A}}
|-
! colspan="6" |Physical Education
|-
|15.
|Physical Education
|''Open Course (CBCSS)''
|{{N/A}}
|{{N/A}}
|{{N/A}}
|-
! colspan="6"|[https://www.mgu.ac.in/affiliated-colleges/?id=127 University Webpage] [https://nsshinducollege.org/programmes-offered-ug-pg-phd/ College Webpage] [https://cap.mgu.ac.in/ CAP Webpage]
|}

== Notable alumni ==
{{hidden begin
|title = Writers
|titlestyle = background:lightblue;
}}
#[[Prabha Varma]]
#[[Ganesh Puthur]]
#[[Tony Mathew]]
#[[Ambalapuzha Gopakumar]]
#Nedumudi Harikumar<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nedumudi Harikumar {{!}} Actor, Music Department |url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm4312341/ |access-date=2024-02-12 |website=IMDb |language=en-US}}</ref>
#[[Ezhacherry Ramachandran]]
#[[Acharya Narendra Bhooshan]]
{{Hidden end}}
{{hidden begin
|title = Politicians
|titlestyle = background:lightblue;
}}
#[[K. Suresh Kurup]]
#[[Ramesh Chennithala]]
{{Hidden end}}
{{hidden begin
|title = Film Industry
|titlestyle = background:lightblue;
}}
#[[Rajeev Pillai]]
#[[Janardhanan (actor)|Janardhanan]]
#[[Parvathy Jayaram]]
#[[Praveena]]
#[[G. Marthandan]]
#[[Jayakrishnan]]
#[[Divya Padmini]]
#[[Johny Antony]]
#[[Swaroop Philip]]
#[[Vishnu Narayanan]]
{{Hidden end}}

==See also==
* [[Nair Service Society]]
* [[Education in Kottayam district]]
* [[List of Educational Institutions of Nair Service Society]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}
{{coord|9.4528|76.5403|type:edu_region:IN-KL|display=title}}
{{Education in Kerala}}

[[Category:Changanassery]]
[[Category:1947 establishments in India]]
[[Category:Universities and colleges in Kottayam]]
[[Category:Arts and Science colleges in Kerala]]
[[Category:Universities and colleges established in 1947]]
[[Category:Colleges affiliated to Mahatma Gandhi University, Kerala]]

Religion in Brunei

2026-02-16T04:26:29Z

FinlayPulido6:

{{Short description|none}}
[[File:Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddin Mosque 02.jpg|thumb|upright=1.3|[[Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddin Mosque]] at night]]
{{Pie chart |caption = Population by religion from the Brunei 2021 census<ref name="US State Dept 2022 report">[https://www.state.gov/reports/2022-report-on-international-religious-freedom/brunei US State Dept 2022 report]</ref>|value1=82.1 |value2=6.7 |value3=6.3 |value4=4.9 |color1=Green |color2=#007FFF |color3=gold |color4=black |label1=Islam |label2=Christianity |label3=Buddhism |label4=Others}}

Among '''religions in Brunei''', [[Sunni Islam]] is predominant. In 2021, the government census showed that 82.1% of Brunei's population is Muslim. However, other religions also have a considerable foothold in [[Brunei]]: 6.7% of the population is [[Christianity|Christian]] and another 6.3% is [[Buddhism|Buddhist]]. The remaining 4.9% subscribe to various religions, including [[indigenous religions]].<ref name="US State Dept 2022 report">[https://www.state.gov/reports/2022-report-on-international-religious-freedom/brunei US State Dept 2022 report]</ref>

Islam is the [[state religion]] of Brunei. [[Freedom of religion in Brunei|Freedom of religion]] and the right to practice privately are nominally guaranteed. Furthermore, some non-Islamic holidays, such as [[Chinese New Year|Lunar New Year]], [[Christmas]], [[Vesak day]] and [[Gawai Dayak]], are recognised. These rights, however, are limited in practice: religious education is controlled, even in the Chinese, Christian and [[private schools]]. Brunei's penal code criminalizes efforts to promote religions other than Islam to Muslims or the non-religious, including persuading religious conversion, exposing Muslim children to other faiths, or opposing Islamic authorities. It also punishes those who assist in such acts. These provisions marginalize non-Muslims and non-believers, severely restricting their religious freedom in violation of international human rights standards.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-05-22 |title=Brunei's Pernicious New Penal Code {{!}} Human Rights Watch |url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2019/05/22/bruneis-pernicious-new-penal-code |access-date=2025-07-01 |language=en}}</ref> Non-Muslims must be at least 14 years and 7 months old if they want to convert to another religion. A minor will automatically become a Muslim if their parents convert to Islam.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Brunei |url=https://www.state.gov/reports/2019-report-on-international-religious-freedom/brunei/ |access-date=2020-12-05 |website=United States Department of State 2019 report |language=en-US}}</ref>

The state [[madh'hab]] of Islam is the [[Shafi'i]] school of jurisprudence of [[Sunni Islam]].<ref name=emory>{{cite web|title=Brunei|url=http://www.law.emory.edu/ifl/legal/brunei.htm|work=emory.edu|publisher=Emory|access-date=11 May 2011}}</ref> Most of Brunei's Muslim population subscribe to the Shafi'i school as well, and Shafi'i is a major source of law for the country.<ref name=emory /> However, with the Sultan's permission, lawmakers may also consult the other three [[Sunni]] schools of [[fiqh]].<ref name=emory />

{| class="wikitable"
|+Brunei Darussalam Official Censuses <ref>{{Cite web|title=Population by Religion, Sex and Census Year|url=http://www.deps.gov.bn/SiteAssets/Time-Series3.html}}</ref>
! colspan="2" |
! Islam
! Christianity
! Buddhism
! Others
! Total:
|-
! rowspan="2" | 1981 Census
! Number
| 122,269
| 18,767
| 27,063
| 24,733
| 192,832
|-
! Percent
| {{percentage bar|width=75|63.4}}
| {{percentage bar|width=75|9.7}}
| {{percentage bar|width=75|14.1}}
| {{percentage bar|width=75|12.8}}
| {{percentage bar|width=75|100}}
|-
! rowspan="2" | 1991 Census
! Number
| 174,973
| 25,994
| 33,387
| 26,128
| 260,482
|-
! Percent
| {{percentage bar|width=75|67.2}}
| {{percentage bar|width=75|10}}
| {{percentage bar|width=75|12.8}}
| {{percentage bar|width=75|10}}
| {{percentage bar|width=75|100}}
|-
! rowspan="2" | 2001 Census
! Number
| 249,822
| 31,291
| 28,480
| 23,251
| 332,844
|-
! Percent
| {{percentage bar|width=75|75}}
| {{percentage bar|width=75|9.4}}
| {{percentage bar|width=75|8.6}}
| {{percentage bar|width=75|7}}
| {{percentage bar|width=75|100}}
|-
! rowspan="2" | 2011 Census
! Number
| 309,962
| 34,176
| 30,814
| 18,420
| 393,272
|-
! Percent
| {{percentage bar|width=75|78.8}}
| {{percentage bar|width=75|8.7}}
| {{percentage bar|width=75|7.8}}
| {{percentage bar|width=75|4.7}}
| {{percentage bar|width=75|100}}
|-
! rowspan="2" | 2016 Census
! Number
| 337,391
| 29,510
| 29,495
| 20,860
| 417,256
|-
! Percent
| {{percentage bar|width=75|80.9}}
| {{percentage bar|width=75|7.1}}
| {{percentage bar|width=75|7}}
| {{percentage bar|width=75|5}}
| {{percentage bar|width=75|100}}
|-
! rowspan="2" |2021 Census
!Number
|362,035
|29,462
|27,745
|21,473
|440,715
|-
!Percent
|{{percentage bar|width=75|82.1}}
|{{percentage bar|width=75|6.7}}
|{{percentage bar|width=75|6.3}}
|{{percentage bar|width=75|4.9}}
|{{percentage bar|width=75|100}}
|}

{| class="wikitable"
|+Religion in Brunei Darussalam based on Ethnicity (2011 Estimate) <ref name=":0" />
!Ethnicity
!Islam
!Buddhism
!Christianity
!Folk Religion / Others
|-
|Malays
|{{percentage bar|100}}
| colspan=3 | N/A (all Malays are Muslims according to the Bruneian Law.)
|-
|Chinese
|{{percentage bar|14}}
|{{percentage bar|65}}
|{{percentage bar|20}}
|{{percentage bar|1}}
|-
|Indigenous tribes
|{{percentage bar|50}}
|N/A
|{{percentage bar|15}}
|{{percentage bar|35}}
|-
|Non-Citizens
|{{percentage bar|50}}
|{{percentage bar|15}}
|{{percentage bar|33}}
|{{percentage bar|2}}
|-
!Total:
!{{percentage bar|78.8}}
!{{percentage bar|7.8}}
!{{percentage bar|8.7}}
!{{percentage bar|4.7}}
|}

== Islam ==
{{Main|Islam in Brunei}}[[Islam]] is [[Brunei]]'s official religion, 82.70 percent of the population is Muslim. There were 362,035 Sunni Muslims in Brunei as of 2021—190,314 men and 171,721 women. 193 people converted to Islam in [[Brunei–Muara District]], 78 in [[Belait District]], 112 in [[Tutong District]], and 15 in [[Temburong District]] in 2023. The number of Bruneian converts to Islam has increased ever since Islam became the official religion of the country in 1954. And by 2004, it was recorded that over 16,000 Bruneians had converted to Islam. From 2009 to 2020, there have been 5,884 individuals who have converted to Islam in Brunei.

== Minority faiths ==
===Christianity===
{{excerpt|Christianity in Brunei}}

===Buddhism===
{{excerpt|Buddhism in Brunei}}

=== Hinduism ===
Almost the entire [[Hindu]] community in [[Brunei]] is made up of people of [[India]]n origin. The approximate size is a few thousand. There are two Hindu [[temple]]s in Brunei. According to the 2001 [[census]], 124 of the Hindus are citizens and another 91 are permanent residents. The rest are non-citizens.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://2001-2009.state.gov/g/drl/rls/irf/2006/71334.htm|title=IRF 2006 Report}}</ref>

Hinduism is practised by a minority of ethnic [[Tamils]],<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BBtwSo-oWq0C&q=indians%2520in%2520brunei&pg=PA86|title=Brunei|last=Orr|first=Tamra|date=2009-01-01|publisher=Marshall Cavendish|isbn=9780761431213|language=en}}</ref> which comprises mainly doctors, engineers working in Brunei and others working in the education sector, both at school and university or college level as professors and teachers as well as research personnel.<ref>"[http://www.bt.com.bn/business-national/2011/10/12/india-sees-prospects-work-bruneis-education-sector India sees prospects for work in Brunei's education sector] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120102071621/http://www.bt.com.bn/business-national/2011/10/12/india-sees-prospects-work-bruneis-education-sector |date=2012-01-02 }}", ''The Brunei Times'', 12 October 2011.</ref> There is a Nepalese community in [[Seria, Belait]] in Brunei, made up of members of the British Army's Brigade of Gurkhas. Historically, they have contributed in ensuring Brunei's autonomy.<ref>[https://asiatimes.com/article/how-gurkha-rifles-contributed-to-brunei-half-a-century-ago/ Asia Times]</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/his-majesty-visits-the-first-battalion-the-royal-gurkha-rifles-at-tuker-lines-seria|title = His Majesty visits the First Battalion, the Royal Gurkha Rifles at Tuker Lines, Seria}}</ref> Brunei's Hindu Welfare Board is a 50 year old Hindu religious organisation with approximately 3,000 members. There are two small Hindu temples in the country,<ref>"[https://openaccess.leidenuniv.nl/bitstream/handle/1887/17397/ISIM_5_Religious_Life_and_Institutions_in_Brunei.pdf?sequence=1 Religious Life and Institutions in Brunei]", ''ISIM Newsletter'', 27 September 2010.</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://borneobulletin.com.bn/bsbia-hosts-cultural-gathering-mark-indian-independence-day/ |title=BSBIA hosts cultural gathering to mark Indian Independence Day – Borneo Bulletin Online |website=borneobulletin.com.bn |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170820181229/http://borneobulletin.com.bn/bsbia-hosts-cultural-gathering-mark-indian-independence-day/ |archive-date=2017-08-20}}</ref> though only one is officially registered under Brunei's government.<ref>[https://2009-2017.state.gov/documents/organization/208428.pdf United States Department of State]</ref> The temple is located on the territory of the Gurkha Regiments in [[Seria]], Brunei. This Hindu temple is visited for prayer by the local Hindu and Buddhist communities.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://m.facebook.com/VaidikaSanatanaDharma/posts/354111354737730|title=Vedic Sanatana Dharma (Hinduism) - वैदिकः सनातनो धर्मः|website=[[Facebook]]}}</ref><ref name="census 2016">{{cite web |url=http://www.deps.gov.bn/DEPD%20Documents%20Library/DOS/KBPP/finalreport2016/KBPP_2016.pdf |title=Population and Housing Census Update Final Report 2016 |author= |date=December 2018 |website=www.deps.gov.bn |publisher=Statistics Department |access-date=27 June 2021 |page=}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Freedom of religion in Brunei]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== Further reading ==
* {{cite book|surname=Bakri|given=Syamsul|year=2020|title=Islam Melayu: Mozaik Kebudayaan Islam di Singapura dan Brunei|language=id|place=[Surakarta]|publisher=Aksara Solopos|isbn=978-623-92514-1-3|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/346558565}}
* {{cite encyclopedia|editor-surname=Esposito|editor-given=John L.|editor-link=John Esposito|year=1995|entry=Brunei|title=The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Modern Islamic World: 4-volume Set|place=New York; Oxford|publisher=Oxford University Press |volume=1 |url=https://archive.org/details/oxfordencycloped03espo_0/page/2/mode/1up |isbn=0-19-509614-2 |lang=en}}
* {{cite book|surname=Goh|given=Robbie B.H.|year=2005 |chapter=Chapter 6 |title=Christianity in Southeast Asia |place=Singapore |publisher=ISEAS: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies Publications |chapter-url= |url={{Google books|id=Yh3cAAYsi2UC|plainurl=y|page=|keywords=|text=}} |pages=65–72 |isbn=9812302972}}
* {{cite book|surname=Gross|given=L. Max|year=2016|title=A Muslim archipelago: Islam and Politics in Southeast Asia|place=Washington, D.C.|publisher=National Defense Intelligence College|url={{Google books|id=tm8tSwyTa7AC|plainurl=y|page=|keywords=|text=}}}}
* {{cite book|author=Helmiati|year=2014|title=Sejarah Islam Asia Tenggara|trans-title=History of Southeast-Asian Islam|place=Pekanbaru|publisher=Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat, [[Sultan Syarif Kasim II State Islamic University|Universitas Islam Negeri Sultan Syarif Kasim Riau]]|isbn=978-602-1366-69-1|lang=id|url=http://repository.uin-suska.ac.id/10369/1/Sejarah%20Islam%20Asia%20Tenggara.pdf}}
* {{cite book|surname=Leake|given=David, Jr|year=1989|title=Brunei: The Modern Southeast-Asian Islamic Sultanate|place=Jefferson, NC; London|publisher=McFarland & Co.|isbn=0-89950-434-5 |url=http://www.history-centre.gov.bn/SiteAssets/Info%2520Sejarah/INFO%2520SEJARAH/Brunei%2520The%2520Modern%2520Southeast-Asian%2520Islamic%2520Sultanate.pdf}}
* {{cite book|surname=Mansurnoor|given=Iik Arifin|year=2012|chapter=Part 1–2|title=Living Islamically in the Periphery: Muslim Discourse, Institution, and Intellectual Tradition in Southeast Asia|place=Tangerang Selatan|publisher=[[Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University Jakarta|UIN Jakarta]]|isbn= |url=https://www.academia.edu/127100132/Living_Islamically_In_The_Periphery_Muslim_Discourse_Institution_And_Intellectual_Tradition_In_Southeast_Asia}}
* {{cite encyclopedia|year=2010|entry=Brunei|editor-surname1=Melton|editor-given1=J. Gordon|editor-link1=J. Gordon Melton|editor-surname2=Baumann|editor-given2=Martin|title=Religions of the world: a comprehensive encyclopedia of beliefs and practices|edition=2nd|place=Santa Barbara, Ca; Denver; Oxford|publisher=ABC-Clio |volume=1 |pages= |url={{Google books|id=v2yiyLLOj88C|plainurl=y|page=|keywords=|text=}} |isbn=978-1-59884-203-6}}
* {{cite journal |surname=Müller |given=Dominik M. |date=2015 |title=Sharia Law and the Politics of 'Faith Control' in Brunei Darussalam: Dynamics of Socio-Legal Change in a Southeast Asian Sultanate |journal=Internationales Asienforum: International Quarterly for Asian Studies |volume=46 |issue=3/4 |pages=313–345 |url=https://hasp.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/journals/iaf/article/view/3728/3830}}
* {{cite book |surname=Mutalib |given=Hussin |year=2008 |chapter=Chap. 4. Brunei |title=Islam in Southeast Asia |series=Southeast Asia Background Series, 11 |place=Singapore |publisher=ISEAS–Yusof Ishak Institute |pages=41–46 |isbn=978-981-230-759-0 |chapter-url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/abs/islam-in-southeast-asia/brunei/F35A97322EFC8B906FFEDC7E11E6BAE3 |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/islam-in-southeast-asia/60CF1DBE1AFAE3667D74E591832433B9 |url-access=registration}}
* {{cite book |editor-surname=Puteh |editor-given=Haji Asri Haji |year=2003 |title=Hukum Kanun |trans-title=Kanun Law |place=Brunei |publisher=[[Language and Literature Bureau|Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka]] |lang=ms}}
* {{cite book |surname=Riddel |given=Peter G. |year=2001 |title=Islam and the Malay-Indonesian World: Transmission and Responses |place=Honolulu |isbn=0-8248-2473-3 |url={{Google books|id=a3x-JdCGn1UC|plainurl=y|page=|keywords=|text=}} |publisher=University of Hawai'i Press}}

{{Brunei topics}}
{{Asia in topic|Religion in|PS=Palestinian territories#Religion}}

[[Category:Religion in Brunei| ]]
[[Category:Religion in Southeast Asia by country|Brunei]]

Pattu Rajagopalan

2026-02-13T05:22:50Z

FinlayPulido6: Done

{{BLP sources|date=August 2019}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2019}}

'''Pattu Rajagopalan''' is a former vocal artist of [[Carnatic music]] in [https://web.archive.org/web/20050707082903/http://allindiaradio.org/ All India Radio] (AIR), Hyderabad and the [https://web.archive.org/web/20021005001643/http://www.tirumala.org/activities_relig_annama.htm Annamacharya Project] of [http://www.tirumala.org/ Tirumala-Tirupati Devasthanams] (TTD) in Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, [[India]].

She was selected for AIR Hyderabad by Sangeetha Kalanidhis [[Musiri Subramania Iyer]] and [[Semmangudi Srinivasa Iyer]] in 1949. She had her initial training in Carnatic music in Hyderabad from Sri T.G. Padhmanaban (disciple of [[Alathur Venkatesa Iyer]]) and Sri P. Kuppuswamy (disciple of Karur Chinnaswamy Iyer), a well-known violinist of the yester years. She learned in the Alathur and Karur Chinnaswamy Iyer bani. Her Shruti and Laya are her forte. Then, she had her special training from Tirutani Krishnamurthy in Tirupati.

She was trained in [[Annamacharya]] keerthanas conducted by TTD Tirupati, between 1976 and 1978 and graduated with a diploma. She was trained by Padmasri Sangeetha Kalacharya Dr. S.R. Janakiraman, Vidwan Sri D. Pasupati, and Sangeetha Kalanidhi Sandhyavandanam Sreenivasa Rao.

Recommended by the Executive Officer of TTD Tirupati, Smt. Pattu Rajagopalan came to the U.S. and Canada in 1981 as the first ambassador of the Annamacharya Project. From 1981 to 1994, she toured the U.S. and Canada, performing over 50 concerts with a special emphasis on Annamacharya songs and the musical Trinity. This included three concerts at the [http://www.svtemple.org/ Sri Venkateshwara Temple] in Pittsburgh, during the annual Bhramothsavam (1981) and the 2nd Annamacharya Aradhana Day (1993).

She has performed over 1000 concerts, especially in the Annamacharya Project and the [https://archive.today/20130416000534/http://www.tirumala.org/activities_relig_dpp.htm Dharma Prachara Parishad] of TTD, Tirupati and Tirumala. She is running two institutions, Abhirama Bhakta Mandali and Shruti Laya School of Music in Tirupati. For the last 40 years, she has trained over 2000 students of all ages in India and 100 students in the U.S., in keerthanas, bhakti sangeetham, bhajans, Annamacharya songs, and slokas in many languages. Ten of her disciples are now performing vocal artists. She has been invited to judge in musical competitions conducted at Sri Venkateshwara College of Music and Dance, the Annamacharya Project, the Hare Rama Hare Krishna Institution, and various schools in Tirupati. Recently, she was invited to act as a judge at the [[Papanasam Sivan]] Music Competition conducted by the [https://web.archive.org/web/20120324223545/http://www.shivanisai.org/sivanarts.html Sivan Fine Arts Academy], Chennai on 7–8 May 2011 in San Jose and Sunnyvale, CA, USA. Pooja Viswanath studied with her.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://india-herald.com/unusual-saxophone-concert-p296-1.htm|title=India Herald}}</ref>

Her distinctions include, Best Teacher Award and the title 'Sangeetha Saraswati,' from Sri Venkateshwara Social and Cultural Organization, Tirupati. Of late, she has performed in the '[https://web.archive.org/web/20101129074351/http://www.hindu.com/2010/08/15/stories/2010081553590500.htm Nadha Neerajanam]' program of TTD Tirupati on 3 October 2009 and the 1st Anniversary celebration of the same program on 15 August 2010 at Tirumala. She participated in the "Sahasragala Sankeerthanachana" conducted by [http://www.siliconandhra.org/nextgen/ Silicon Andhra] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250122130628/http://www.siliconandhra.org/nextgen/ |date=22 January 2025 }} during the Sri Tallapaka Annamacharya 603rd Jayanthi celebrations, at the Sunnyvale Hindu Temple, CA, USA on 12 May 2011. Thus, her musical career has spread over 60 years.

In the recent years, she has been honored by [http://www.swaralayam.org/ Swaralayam Arts Forum], in Houston, TX, including having an award in her name, presented to children showing promise in the field of music.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hindu.com/fr/2010/03/05/stories/2010030551440400.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100310102353/http://www.hindu.com/fr/2010/03/05/stories/2010030551440400.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=2010-03-10 |title=Friday Review Chennai / Miscellany : Homage to a guru |date=2010-03-05 |work=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=2011-06-02}}</ref> The Pattu Rajagopalan Award was given to members of the Junior Division at the 2010 Clear Creek Independent School District Science Fair.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www2.ccisd.net/departments/curriculuminstruction/science/sciencefair/SecondaryScienceFair/SecondaryScienceFairWinners/Swaralayam.aspx |title=Clear Creek Independent School District: Secondary Science Fair Winners |publisher=.ccisd.net |date= |access-date=2011-06-02 }}{{dead link|date=March 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rajagopalan, Pattu}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Women Carnatic singers]]
[[Category:Carnatic singers]]
[[Category:Women musicians from Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Singers from Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:People from Tirupati]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian women singers]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

Indra Sawhney and Others v. Union of India

2026-02-07T14:33:57Z

FinlayPulido6: started the pg v1

{{Short description|Indian public interest litigation case}}
{{Infobox court case
| name = Indra Sawhney v. Union of India
| court = [[Supreme Court of India]]
| imagesize = 150
| full name = Indra Sawhney & Ors. v. Union of India
| date decided = 16 November 1992
| citations = AIR 1993 SC 477; 1992 Supp 2 SCR 454
| judges = [[Madhukar Hiralal Kania|M.H. Kania (CJ)]], [[M. N. Venkatachaliah]], [[Ratnavel Pandian|S. R. Pandian]], Dr. T.K. Thommen, [[Aziz Mushabber Ahmadi|A.M. Ahmadi]], [[Kuldip Singh (judge)|Kuldip Singh]], [[P.B. Sawant]], R.M. Sahai, B.P. Jeevan Reddy
| number of judges = 9
| ChiefJudge = Bibek mandal
| decision by = Kania C.J., Venkatachaliah, Ahmadi and B.P. Jeevan Reddy, JJ.
| Majority = Kania CJ., Venkatachaliah, Pandian, Ahmadi, Sawant and B.P. Jeevan Reddy JJ.
| dissenting = Dr. Thommen J., Singh J., and Sahai J.
| concur/dissent = Pandian J., Sawant J., and Ahmadi J.
| subsequent actions = See [[#Judgement|below]]
| italic title = Bibek mandal
}}

'''Indra Sawhney & Others v. Union of India''' also known as the '''Mandal verdict''' was an Indian landmark [[public interest litigation]] case delivered by a 9-judge constitution bench of the Supreme Court of India.<ref name="ExpressCream">{{cite news |url=http://www.indianexpress.com/story/14983.html |work=[[The Indian Express]] |title=Court, quota and cream |date=20 October 2006 |access-date=17 November 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080513223328/http://www.indianexpress.com/story/14983.html |archive-date=13 May 2008 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/the-hindu-explains-why-does-the-supreme-court-think-the-mandal-verdict-should-be-referred-to-a-larger-bench/article34063665.ece|title=The Hindu Explains Why does the Supreme Court think the Mandal verdict should be referred to a larger Bench?|newspaper=The Hindu |date=13 March 2021 }}</ref>

==Facts==
The constitution recognized social and educational backwardness, but not economic backwardness. The court upheld separate reservation for OBC in Central Government jobs, but excluded these to the "[[creamy layer]]" (the forward section of a backward class, above a certain income).<ref name="Indra Sawhney Etc. vs Union Of India And Others, Etc. on 16 November 1992">{{cite web|title=Indra Sawhney Etc. vs Union Of India And Others, Etc. on 16 November, 1992|url=http://www.indiankanoon.org/doc/1363234/|publisher=IndianKanoon.org|accessdate=22 August 2012|quote="(4) Reservation being an extreme form of protective measure or affirmative action it should be confined to a minority of seats. Even though the Constitution does not lay down any specific bar but the constitutional philosophy being against proportional equality the principle of balancing equality ordains reservation, of any manner, not to exceed 50%"; "Reservation in promotion is constitutionally impermissible as once the advantaged and disadvantaged are made equal and are brought in one class or group then any further benefit extended for promotion on the inequality existing prior to being brought in the group would be treating equals unequally. It would not be eradicating the effects of past discrimination but perpetuating it."|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120917000604/http://indiankanoon.org/doc/1363234/|archive-date=17 September 2012|url-status=live}}</ref>{{unreliable source?|date=March 2020}}<ref name="NairBackward">{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/explained/bjps-obc-pitch-how-stronger-new-backward-classes-panel-will-function-4617203/|title=BJP's OBC pitch: How stronger new backward classes panel will function|date=18 April 2017|first=Shalini|last=Nair|work=[[The Indian Express]]|access-date=28 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190415011610/https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/bjps-obc-pitch-how-stronger-new-backward-classes-panel-will-function-4617203/|archive-date=15 April 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> At no point should the reservation exceed 50%.<ref>{{cite journal
| last = Basavaraju | first = C.
| authorlink =
| year = 2009
| title = Reservation Under the Constitution of India: Issues and Perspectives
| journal = Journal of the Indian Law Institute
| volume = 51 | number = 2 | page = 271
| jstor = 43953443
}}</ref>

The genesis of the debate was in 1980, when the Second Backward Classes Committee, headed by BP Mandal, submitted its report. The report recommended 27 percent reservation for Other Backward Classes (OBCs) and 22.5 percent for the Scheduled Castes/Scheduled Tribes.

The Central government, however, acted on the report a decade later, by issuing an office memorandum (OM), providing 27 percent vacancies for Socially and Educationally Backward Classes to be filled by direct recruitment.

Indra Sawhney, the petitioner in this case, made three principal arguments against the Order:<ref name=":32">{{Cite book|title=India After Gandhi: 10th Anniversary Edition|last=Guha|first=Ramchandra|publisher=Picador India|year=2017|isbn=9789382616979|location=New Delhi|pages=602–604}}</ref><ref name=":52">{{Cite news|url=https://www.legalbites.in/case-analysis-indira-sawhney-v-uoi/|title=Case analysis of Indira Sawhney v. UOI|date=15 September 2016|work=Legal Bites - Law And Beyond|access-date=4 November 2017|language=en-US}}</ref>
* The extension of reservation violated the Constitutional guarantee of equality of opportunity.
* Caste was not a reliable indicator of backwardness.
* The efficiency of public institutions was at risk.
The five-judge Bench of the Supreme Court issued a stay on the operation of the Government Order of 13 August till the final disposal of the case.

==Judgement==
On 16 November 1992, the Supreme Court, in its verdict, upheld the government order, being of the opinion that caste was an acceptable indicator of backwardness.<ref name=":52" /> Thus, the recommendation of reservations for OBCs in central government services was finally implemented in 1992.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/20-years-after-Mandal-less-than-12-OBCs-in-central-govt-jobs/articleshow/50328073.cms|title=20 years after Mandal, less than 12% OBCs in central govt jobs - Times of India|work=The Times of India|access-date=4 November 2017}}</ref> The [[Supreme Court of India]] gave verdict that 27% central government reservation for OBCs is valid.<ref name="NairBackward" /> However, some states denied the existence of the creamy layer, and a report commissioned by the supreme court was implemented. The case was pressed again in 1999 and, in 2006, the supreme court reaffirmed the creamy layer exclusion and extended it to SCs and STs.<ref name="ExpressCream" /> This judgement also overruled General Manager Southern Railway v. Rangachari and Akhil Bharatiya Soshit Karamchari Sangh (Railway) v. Union of India verdicts, which said that reservations could be made in promotions as well as appointments. Indra Sawhney v. Union of India held that reservations cannot be applied in promotions.

1992 Indra Sawhney & Others v. Union of India judgment laid down the limits of the state's powers: it upheld the ceiling of 50 per cent quotas, emphasized the concept of "social backwardness", and prescribed 11 indicators to ascertain backwardness. The nine-Judge Bench judgement also established the concept of qualitative exclusion, such as "creamy layer".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-order-reserved/|title=Explained: Order reserved|date=23 March 2015|access-date=4 March 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/building-a-just-society/|title=For an equitable society, reservations must be extended to private sector|date=23 October 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/Plea-to-reconsider-judgment-in-Indra-Sawhney-case-of-1992/article14821432.ece|title=Plea to reconsider judgment in Indra Sawhney case of 1992|newspaper=The Hindu |date=23 August 2007|access-date=4 March 2019|via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref> The creamy layer is only applicable in the case of Other Backward Castes and not applicable on other group like SC or ST. The creamy layer criterion was introduced at Rs 100,000 in 1993, and revised to Rs 250,000 in 2004, Rs 450,000 in 2008, Rs 600,000 in 2013 and 800,000 in 2015.

==See also==
* [[Mandal Commission]]
* [[Reservation policy in Tamil Nadu]]
* [[Reservation policy in Bihar]]
* [https://www.ifastjobs.com/ Odisha Govt Jobs]

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Indra Sawhney and Others v. Union of India}}
[[Category:Reservation in India]]
[[Category:Supreme Court of India cases]]

Mahantesh Doddagoudar

2026-02-05T04:35:44Z

FinlayPulido6: Added article

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2025}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Mahantesh Doddagoudar
| image =
| office = Member of the [[Karnataka Legislative Assembly]]
| constituency = [[Kittur Assembly constituency]]
| term_start = 2018
| term_end = 2023
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1973|9|2|df=y}}
}}

'''Mahantesh Doddagoudar''' (born 2 September 1973) is an Indian politician who has been a member of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP).<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 March 2020 |title=Karnataka Assembly deputy speaker Krishna Reddy resigns from post |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/karnataka-assembly-deputy-speaker-krishna-reddy-resigns-bjp-1656661-2020-03-17 |access-date=6 September 2024 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref> He served as the [[Member of the Legislative Assembly]] representing the [[Kittur Assembly constituency|Kittur constituency]] in [[Karnataka]] from 2018 to 2023.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |date=13 May 2023 |title=Kittur Constituency Election Results: Assembly seat details, MLAs, candidates & more |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/karnataka/constituency/kittur-assembly-constituency-election-results-assembly-seat-details-mlas-candidates/articleshow/99062894.cms |access-date=6 September 2024 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

== Early life ==
Mahantesh was born on 2 September 1973, to Basavantaray Doddagoudar in [[Karnataka]]. He pursued a [[Bachelor of Laws|LLB]] degree from R.L. College, [[Belagavi district|Belagavi]], graduating in 1997–98.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Doddagoudar Mahantesh Basavantaray |url=https://www.oneindia.com/politicians/doddagoudar-mahantesh-basavantaray-72235.html |access-date=6 September 2024 |website=One India}}</ref>

== Political career ==
In 2018, Mahantesh was selected by the [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] to contest the [[2018 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] from the [[Kittur Assembly constituency|Kittur constituency]]. He won the election, securing 73,155 votes and defeating his main opponent, [[B. D. Inamdar]], the candidate from the [[Indian National Congress]] (INC).<ref name=":0" />

In the [[2023 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|2023 elections]], Mahantesh sought re-election from the Kittur constituency.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Karnataka assembly elections: Here is the full list of BJP candidates |work=Hindustan Times |date=6 May 2023 |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/bengaluru-news/karnataka-assembly-elections-here-is-the-full-list-of-bjp-candidates-101683104261460.html}}</ref> However, he lost the seat to [[Babasaheb Patil]], the [[Indian National Congress|INC]] candidate.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 May 2023 |title=Kittur Election Result 2023: Congress Candidate Babasaheb Patil Wins |url=https://www.thedailyjagran.com/elections/karnataka-assembly-election/kittur-assembly-election-2023-karnataka-mla-results-bjp-congress-jds-aap-candidates-mahantesh-doddagoudar-babasaheb-patil-ashwini-singayya-pujare-latest-update-10076909 |access-date=6 September 2024 |website=English Jagran |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Karnataka Assembly Elections 2023: Kittur">{{cite news |last1=Election Commission of India |date=2023 |title=Karnataka Assembly Elections 2023: Kittur |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenMay2023/ConstituencywiseS1015.htm?ac=15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230607120403/https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenMay2023/ConstituencywiseS1015.htm?ac=15 |archive-date=7 June 2023 |access-date=19 November 2024}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Doddagoudar, Mahantesh}}
[[Category:1973 births]]
[[Category:Karnataka MLAs 2018–2023]]
[[Category:Living people]]

2018 Asia Cup final

2026-01-31T06:18:15Z

FinlayPulido6: put up new pg - done

{{Short description|Cricket tournament in United Arab Emirates}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2018}}
{{Infobox limited overs final
| title = 2018 Asia Cup Final
| image =
| event = [[2018 Asia Cup]]
| team1 = [[Bangladesh national cricket team|Bangladesh]]
| team1flag = {{flagicon|BAN|size=40px}}
| team2 = [[India national cricket team|India]]
| team2flag = {{flagicon|IND|size=40px}}
| details = India won by 3 wickets
| team1score = 222
| team1overs = 48.3 overs
| team2score = 223/7
| team2overs = 50 overs
| date = 28 September 2018
| stadium = [[Dubai International Cricket Stadium]]
| city = [[Dubai]]
| man_of_the_match = [[Liton Das]] (Ban)
| umpires = [[Marais Erasmus]] (SA) and [[Ruchira Palliyaguruge]] (SL)
| attendance = 24,000+
| television = [[Star Sports]]
| previous = [[2016 Asia Cup Final|2016]]
| next = [[2022 Asia Cup Final|2022]]
}}
The '''2018 Asia Cup Final''' was the final of the [[2018 Asia Cup]], a [[One Day International]] [[cricket]] tournament, and was played between [[India national cricket team|India]] and [[Bangladesh national cricket team|Bangladesh]] on 28 September 2018 in [[Dubai International Cricket Stadium|Dubai]].<ref name="Final">{{cite web|url=https://www.thenationalnews.com/sport/cricket/bangladesh-stun-pakistan-to-reach-asia-cup-final-and-set-up-showdown-with-india-1.774419 |title=Bangladesh stun Pakistan to reach Asia Cup final and set up showdown with India |work=The National |access-date=26 September 2018}}</ref> India were the defending champions,<ref name="champs">{{cite web |url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/661607 |title=India to host Asia Cup 2018 in UAE |access-date=10 April 2018 |work=International Cricket Council}}</ref> and retained their title by beating Bangladesh by three wickets in the final over.<ref name="Winner">{{cite web |url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/864025 |title=India creep home in final-over thriller to defend Asia Cup title |access-date=28 September 2018 |work=International Cricket Council}}</ref>

==Background==
The 2018 Asia Cup started on 15 September 2018 and was hosted by [[United Arab Emirates]] across 2 venues. Five full member national teams and an associate team from the [[2018 Asia Cup Qualifier|qualifier]] were split into two groups of three.<ref name="TOI">{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/asia-cup/asia-cup-2018-no-rest-for-india-before-pakistan-face-off/articleshow/65122993.cms |title=Asia Cup 2018: No break for India in group stage; will face qualifier and Pakistan on consecutive days |work=Times Of India |access-date=24 July 2018}}</ref> The top two teams from each of the groups progressed to the Super Four section of the tournament.<ref name="TOI"/> From there, the top two teams of the Super Four section played each other in the final.<ref name="TOI"/> Initially, the team that finishes second in Group A were scheduled to play their first Super Four game in [[Abu Dhabi]]. However, [[Board of Control for Cricket in India|BCCI]] later announced that India would be based in [[Dubai]], irrespective of their standing in Super Four.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/24721861/sarfraz-ahmed-miffed-skewed-asia-cup-scheduling |title=Sarfraz miffed by skewed Asia Cup scheduling |work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=19 September 2018}}</ref>

==Road to the final==
{{Main|2018 Asia Cup}}
{| style="width:100%;text-align:center"
|- style="vertical-align:top;background:#99CCFF"
!colspan="2"|{{cr|IND}}
!Titles
!colspan="2"|{{cr|BAN}}
|- style="vertical-align:top;background:#C1E0FF"
|Opponent
|Result
|[[2018 Asia Cup#Group stage|Group Stage]]
|Opponent
|Result
|-
|style="text-align:left"|{{cr|HK}}
|Won
|style="background:#C1E0FF"|Match 1
|style="text-align:left"|{{cr|SL}}
|Won
|-
|style="text-align:left"|{{cr|PAK}}
|Won
|style="background:#C1E0FF"|Match 2
|style="text-align:left"|{{cr|AFG|2013}}
|Lost
|-
|colspan="2" style="text-align:center"|'''Group A table'''
{{center|{{2018 Asia Cup Group A|only_pld_pts=yes|showteam=IND}}}}
|style="background:#C1E0FF"|Final standings
|colspan="2" style="text-align:center"|'''Group B table'''
{{center|{{2018 Asia Cup Group B|only_pld_pts=yes|showteam=BAN}}}}
|- style="vertical-align:top;background:#C1E0FF"
|Opponent
|Result
|[[2018 Asia Cup#Super Four|Super Four]]
|Opponent
|Result
|-
|style="text-align:left"|{{cr|BAN}}
|Won
|style="background:#C1E0FF"|Match 1
|style="text-align:left"|{{cr|IND}}
|Lost
|-
|style="text-align:left"|{{cr|PAK}}
|Won
|style="background:#C1E0FF"|Match 2
|style="text-align:left"|{{cr|AFG|2013}}
|Won
|-
|style="text-align:left"|{{cr|AFG|2013}}
|Tied
|style="background:#C1E0FF"|Match 3
|style="text-align:left"|{{cr|PAK}}
|Won
|- style="vertical-align:top;background:#C1E0FF"
!colspan="5"|Super Four Table
|}
{{center|{{2018 Asia Cup Super Four}}}}

===India===
In the second match of group A, India beat [[Hong Kong national cricket team|Hong Kong]] by 26 runs,<ref name="India HongKong">{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8532/report/1153246/hong-kong-vs-india-4th-match-group-a-asia-cup-2018 |title= India beats HonKong by 26 runs |access-date=18 September 2018 |work=ESPN}}</ref> with [[Khaleel Ahmed]] making his debut for India in the match. [[Shikhar Dhawan]]'s 14th ODI century carried India to 285 for 7, with Hong Kong's bowlers negating a powerful start to allow only 48 runs in the last 10 overs. They carried that momentum with them when they came out to bat, with openers [[Nizakat Khan]] and [[Anshuman Rath]] putting on a 174-run partnership,<ref name="Highest Partnership">{{cite web |url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/853271 |title= Hongkong give India a scale |access-date=18 September 2018 |work=ICC}}</ref> the highest for Hong Kong in ODIs.
On 19 September 2018, India faced rivals [[Pakistan national cricket team|Pakistan]] and followed the close match against Hong Kong to with a much improved bowling performance and registered their most comfortable chase against Pakistan, winning with 126 balls remaining.<ref name="India beat Pakistan">{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8532/report/1153247/india-vs-pakistan-5th-match-group-a-asia-cup-2018 |title= India beat Pakistan |access-date=19 September 2018 |work=ESPN}}</ref> India had won two ODIs on consecutive days and headed to the Super Four stage as leaders of the group.<ref name="India Super Four">{{cite web |url=https://www.msn.com/en-xl/asia/sport/asia-cup-2018-super-four-schedule-announced-india-to-face-pakistan-on-23-september/ar-BBNzLZH |title=India in super four |access-date=19 September 2018 |work=MSN |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180926130909/https://www.msn.com/en-xl/asia/sport/asia-cup-2018-super-four-schedule-announced-india-to-face-pakistan-on-23-september/ar-BBNzLZH |archive-date=26 September 2018 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref name="India Qualify in Super Four">{{cite web |url=https://cricket.yahoo.net/news/asia-cup-2018-india-qualify-200210289 |title= India in super four |access-date=19 September 2018 |work=Yahoo Cricket}}</ref> In the first match of Super Four, India beat Bangladesh by 7 wickets,<ref name="CI India Bangladesh">{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8532/report/1153249/bangladesh-vs-india-1st-match-super-four-asia-cup |title= India in super four |access-date=21 September 2018 |work=ESPN}}</ref> with [[Rohit Sharma]]'s unbeaten 83 from 104 balls the major contribution in India successfully chasing the total of 173.<ref name="Rohit Sharma 83 against Bangladesh">{{cite web |url=https://www.msn.com/en-in/video/watch/india-vs-bangladesh-asia-cup-2018-match-highlightsrohit-sharma-83-india-win-by-7-wickets-वनइंडिया/vp-AAAsh7z |title= Rohit Sharma 83 against Bangladesh |access-date=21 September 2018 |work=MSN}}</ref> In the next match India faced Pakistan again and openers Rohit Sharma and Shikhar Dhawan starred with the bat as India defeated their rivals Pakistan by nine-wickets and qualified for the final.<ref name="India beats Pakistan">{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8532/report/1153251/india-vs-pakistan-3rd-match-super-four-asia-cup-2018 |title= India beats Pakistan in a super four |access-date=23 September 2018 |work=ESPN}}</ref><ref name="CI India Pakistan S4">{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/24773817 |title= India beats Pakistan with biggest win |access-date=23 September 2018 |work=ESPN}}</ref> Sharma, the Indian skipper, scored his 19th ODI century,<ref name="Rohit Sharma 19th odi century">{{cite web |url=http://www.cricfooty.com/2017/06/23/rohit-sharma-centuries/ |title=Rohit Sharma 19th odi century |access-date=23 September 2018 |work=Cricfooty |archive-date=26 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180926104602/http://www.cricfooty.com/2017/06/23/rohit-sharma-centuries |url-status=dead }}</ref> while Dhawan scored his 15th and their partnership of 210 was India's highest while batting second against Pakistan and in their highest for the first wicket in Asia Cup history.<ref name="CI India Pakistan S4"/> In the process, Sharma scored his 7,000th run in ODI cricket.<ref name="Rohit Sharma 7000 runs">{{cite web |url=http://m.indiablooms.com/sports-details/SN/9189/rohit-sharma-completes-7000-runs-in-odi.html |title= Rohit 7000 runs |access-date=23 September 2018 |work=indiablooms}}</ref> On 25 September 2018, India faced [[Afghanistan national cricket team|Afghanistan]] in their final game of the Super Four stage. Left needing seven runs off the final over, with one wicket in hand, India scored six runs off first four balls to level the scores, but with the fifth, [[Rashid Khan (cricketer)|Rashid Khan]] got the better of [[Ravindra Jadeja]] to bowl India out for 252, leaving the match tied.<ref name="India vs Afghanistan">{{cite web |url=https://www.news18.com/cricketnext/news/india-vs-afghanistan-asia-cup-2018-highlights-as-it-happened-1888535.html |title= India vs Afghanistan |access-date=25 September 2018 |work=News18}}</ref><ref name="CI India vs Afghanistan">{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8532/report/1153253/afghanistan-vs-india-5th-match-super-four-asia-cup-2018 |title= India vs Afghanistan match |access-date=25 September 2018 |work=ESPN}}</ref><ref name="India vs Afghanistan Highlights">{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/asia-cup/india-vs-afghanistan-live-score-updates-afghanistan-off-to-a-flier/articleshow/65951049.cms |title= India vs Afghanistan match Highlights |access-date=25 September 2018 |work=Times of India}}</ref> This was the first tie in the history of the Asia Cup and the first tied ODI featuring Afghanistan.<ref name="First Tie">{{cite web |url=https://m.crictracker.com/asia-cup-2018-super-4s-match-5-india-vs-afghanistan-statistical-highlights/ |title=first tie Match at Asia Cup |access-date=25 September 2018 |work=ESPN |archive-date=27 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180927005418/https://m.crictracker.com/asia-cup-2018-super-4s-match-5-india-vs-afghanistan-statistical-highlights/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>

===Bangladesh===
On 15 September 2018, Bangladesh produced an all-round performance to defeat [[Sri Lanka national cricket team|Sri Lanka]] by 137 runs in the first match in the group B of the Asia Cup,<ref name="CI Bangladesh v Sri Lanka">{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8532/scorecard/1153243/bangladesh-vs-sri-lanka-1st-match-group-b-asia-cup-2018/ |title= Bangladesh Won by 137 runs |access-date=26 September 2018 |work=ESPN}}</ref> recording their biggest win in the history of Asia Cup.<ref name="CI Ban biggest ODI win">{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/24692719/stats-bangladesh-pull-their-biggest-odi-win-away-home/ |title= Bangladesh pull of their biggest ODI wan away from home |access-date=26 September 2018 |work=ESPN}}</ref> In the next match they were bowled out for just 119 runs to suffer 136 run defeat to [[Afghanistan national cricket team|Afghanistan]],<ref name="CI Bangladesh v Afghanistan ">{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8532/scorecard/1153248/afghanistan-vs-bangladesh-6th-match-group-b-asia-cup-2018/ |title= Bangladesh defeated by 137 runs |access-date=26 September 2018 |work=ESPN}}</ref> but still qualified to the Super Four stage. They faced India in the Super Four on September 21, when they only made 173 runs and lost by 7 wickets.<ref name="HT India v Bangladesh">{{cite web |url=https://m.hindustantimes.com/cricket/india-vs-bangladesh-live-score-updates-asia-cup-2018/story-YaKFdmlqHubt3UHqGiPTkL_amp.html/ |title= Bangladesh Defeated by 7 wickets |access-date=22 September 2018 |work=Hindustan Times}}</ref><ref name="CI India Bangladesh" /> On 23 September, Bangladesh beat Afghanistan by 3 runs in their second Super Four match and kept their chances of qualifying for the finals in their own hands.<ref name="Bangladesh vs Afganistan Scorecard">{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8532/report/1153252/afghanistan-vs-bangladesh-4th-match-super-four-asia-cup-2018/ |title= Bangladesh won against Afghanistan in super four |access-date=23 September 2018 |work=ESPN}}</ref> Chasing 250 to win, Afghanistan needed 8 runs off the last over, but [[Mustafizur Rahman]] restricted them to just 4 to help his team win.<ref name="economictimes">{{cite web |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/sports/mustafizur-rahman-s-last-over-heroics-help-bangladesh-pip-afghanistan/articleshow/65926826.cms |title= Bangladesh won against Afghanistan in super four |access-date=24 September 2018 |work=Economictimes}}</ref><ref name="HT Bangladesh v Afghanistan">{{cite web |url=https://m.hindustantimes.com/cricket/asia-cup-2018-bangladesh-vs-afghanistan-live-updates-teams-eye-first-win-in-super-four/story-hmkuFesBgkwbYnhdVlIHXL_amp.html/ |title= Bangladesh won against Afghanistan |access-date=23 September 2018 |work=Hindustan Times}}</ref> On 25 September, Bangladesh beat [[Pakistan cricket team|Pakistan]] by 37 runs to confirm their berth in the Asia Cup 2018 final against India.<ref name="CI Pakistan v Bangladesh">{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8532/report/1153254/bangladesh-vs-pakistan-6th-match-super-four-asia-cup-2018 |title= Bangladesh beat Pakistan|access-date=25 September 2018 |work=ESPN}}</ref><ref name="N18 Pakistan v Bangladesh">{{cite web |url=https://www.news18.com/cricketnext/news/pakistan-vs-bangladesh-asia-cup-2018-highlights-as-it-happened-1888941.html |title= Bangladesh won against Pakistan in super four to enter Final|access-date=25 September 2018 |work=News18}}</ref> This was Bangladesh's first win against Pakistan at the Asia Cup.<ref name="CI Pakistan v Bangladesh"/><ref name="TOI Pakistan v Bangladesh">{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/asia-cup/bangladesh-beat-pakistan-to-set-up-india-asia-cup-final-clash/articleshow/65972477.cms |title= Bangladesh First ever against Pakistan in Asia cup|access-date=27 September 2018 |work=Times of India}}</ref>

==Match==
===Bangladesh innings===
[[Mehedi Hasan]] opened the innings with [[Liton Das]], the first time he had done so in ODIs.<ref name="Hasan opener">{{cite web |url=https://www.firstpost.com/firstcricket/sports-news/india-vs-bangladesh-live-cricket-score-asia-cup-2018-final-at-dubai-liton-mehidy-off-to-aggressive-start-5281271.html |title=Mehedi Hasan First Time open for Bangladesh |work=First Post |access-date=28 September 2018}}</ref> Their opening stand of 120 was Bangladesh's highest since 31 December 2016, when [[Imrul Kayes]] and [[Tamim Iqbal]] put on 102 runs against [[New Zealand national cricket team|New Zealand]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Partnership records |url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?class=2;filter=advanced;orderby=start;partnership_runsmin1=100;partnership_runsval1=partnership_runs;partnership_wicketmax1=1;partnership_wicketval1=partnership_wicket;team=25;template=results;type=fow;view=innings |work=ESPNcricinfo |publisher=ESPN Sports Media |access-date=9 October 2018 }}</ref> With the fifth ball of the 21st over, [[Kedar Jadhav]] took the wicket of Mehedi for 32, followed by that of [[Mushfiqur Rahim]] six overs later,<ref name="CI Final">{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8532/commentary/1153255/bangladesh-vs-india-final-asia-cup |title= Final, Asia Cup. Match Commentary|work= ESPN|access-date=28 September 2018}}</ref> either side of Chahal trapping Kayes LBW in the 24th over. Das brought up his maiden ODI century in the 29th over, having faced 87 balls.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indianexpress.com/article/sports/cricket/asia-cup-2018-final-liton-das-slams-maiden-odi-hundred-5378390/ |title=Asia Cup 2018 final: Liton Das slams maiden ODI hundred |work=The Indian Express|access-date=28 September 2018}}</ref> In the 33rd over, [[Kuldeep Yadav]] took his first wicket in the match to dismiss [[Mahmudullah]],<ref name="CI Final"/> later also dismissing Das and [[Mashrafe Mortaza]], both stumped by [[MS Dhoni]].<ref name="CI Final"/> [[Soumya Sarkar]] provided some resistance in the end to drag Bangladesh beyond the 200-run mark as they managed to make 222 all out with nine balls left.<ref name="indianexpress">{{cite web |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/cricket/india-vs-bangladesh-live-cricket-score-asia-cup-2018-final-live-streaming-5377667/lite/ |title= Bangladesh effort to reach 200 runs |work= The Indian Express|access-date=28 September 2018}}</ref> Yadav finished the innings with figures of 3/45 and Jadhav 2/41 to help India regain control. Das was the top-scorer with 121 off 117 balls.<ref name="2018 Asia cup final Bangladesh Innings">{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/asia-cup/india-vs-bangladesh-live-cricket-score-asia-cup-2018-final/articleshow/65994073.cms |title= Bangladesh all out |work= The Times of India|access-date=28 September 2018}}</ref><ref name="Das 100 runs">{{cite web |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/amp/sports/cricket/story/liton-das-asia-cup-2018-india-vs-bangladesh-odi-cricket-liton-das-century-1351983-2018-09-28 |title= Das 100 runs against India |work= India Today|access-date=28 September 2018}}</ref>

===Indian innings===
The Indian team did not start well, losing the wickets of Shikhar Dhawan and [[Ambati Rayudu]] in the first eight overs.<ref name="India team">{{cite web |url=https://www.news18.com/cricketnext/amp/news/india-vs-bangladesh-live-score-asia-cup-final-at-dubai-rayudu-dhawan-depart-in-quick-succession-1892205.html |title= Indian Team Lost two wickets early |work= News 18|access-date=28 September 2018}}</ref> Rohit Sharma, with a score of 48, and [[Dinesh Karthik]], with 37, steadied the run chase for India in the middle overs.<ref name="CI Final"/><ref name="indianexpress"/> After the departure of Rohit, Karthik built a 54-run partnership with MS Dhoni, before the Bangladesh bowlers dismissed them both to put India back under pressure.<ref name="mykhel">{{cite web |url=https://www.mykhel.com/amphtml/cricket/india-vs-bangladesh-asia-cup-2018-final-live-updates-dubai-100088.html |title= India beat Bangladesh by 3 wickets in a last over thriller |work= My khel|access-date=28 September 2018}}</ref> Ravindra Jadeja and [[Bhuvneshwar Kumar]] then put together a 45-run partnership for the seventh wicket to take India close to their target.<ref name="India.com">{{cite web |url=http://www.india.com/hindi-news/sports-hindi/india-won-by-3-wickets-against-bangladesh-final-asia-cup-2018/ |title= Jadeja & Kumar 45 runs partnership |work= India .com|access-date=28 September 2018}}</ref> [[Kedar Jadhav]], who had retired hurt after suffering a hamstring injury, returned in the penultimate over and took India across the line on the final ball of the match.<ref name="timesnownews">{{cite web |url=https://hindi.timesnownews.com/amp/cricket/article/asia-cup-2018-final-india-vs-bangladesh-when-kedar-jadhav-injury-become-matter-of-worry-for-team-india/291664 |title= Kedar Jadhav injury |work= Hindi Times Now News|access-date=28 September 2018}}</ref>

===Match officials and result===
* '''On-field [[umpire (cricket)|umpires]]:''' [[Marais Erasmus]] (SA) and [[Ruchira Palliyaguruge]] (SL)
* '''[[Third umpire]]:''' [[Rod Tucker]] (Aus)
* '''[[Fourth umpire|Reserve umpire]]:''' [[Ahsan Raza]] (Pak)
* '''[[Match referee]]:''' [[David Boon]] (Aus)
* '''Toss:''' India won the toss and elected to field.

===Scorecard===

;1st innings
{{Cricket match batting box begin|title=Bangladesh batting<ref name="CI Final"/>}}
{{Cricket match batsman status|player=[[Liton Das]]|status=st [[MS Dhoni|Dhoni]] b [[Kuldeep Yadav|Yadav]]|runs=121|balls=117|4s=12|6s=2|strike_rate=103.41}}
{{Cricket match batsman status|player=[[Mehedi Hasan]]|status=c [[Ambati Rayudu|Rayudu]] b [[Kedar Jadhav|Jadhav]]|runs=32|balls=59|4s=3|6s=0|strike_rate=54.23}}
{{Cricket match batsman status|player=[[Imrul Kayes]]|status=lbw b [[Yuzvendra Chahal|Chahal]] |runs=2|balls=12|4s=0|6s=0|strike_rate=16.66}}
{{Cricket match batsman status|player=[[Mushfiqur Rahim]]|status=c [[Jasprit Bumrah|Bumrah]] b Jadhav|runs=5|balls=9|4s=1|6s=0|strike_rate=55.55}}
{{Cricket match batsman status|player=[[Mohammad Mithun]]|status=run out ([[Ravindra Jadeja|Jadeja]]/ Yadav)|runs=2|balls=4|4s=0|6s=0|strike_rate=50.00}}
{{Cricket match batsman status|player=[[Mahmudullah]]|status=c Bumrah b Yadav |runs=4|balls=16|4s=0|6s=0|strike_rate=25.00}}
{{Cricket match batsman status|player=[[Soumya Sarkar]]|status=run out (Rayudu)|runs=33|balls=45|4s=1|6s=1|strike_rate=73.33}}
{{Cricket match batsman status|player=[[Mashrafe Mortaza]]|status=st Dhoni b Yadav |runs=7|balls=9|4s=0|6s=1|strike_rate=77.77}}
{{Cricket match batsman status|player=[[Nazmul Islam]]|status=run out (sub [[Manish Pandey|Pandey]])|runs=7|balls=13|4s=0|6s=0|strike_rate=53.84}}
{{Cricket match batsman status|player=[[Mustafizur Rahman]]|status=not out|runs=2|balls=5|4s=0|6s=0|strike_rate=40.00}}
{{Cricket match batsman status|player=[[Rubel Hossain]]|status=b Bumrah|runs=0|balls=2|4s=0|6s=0|strike_rate=0.00}}
{{Cricket match batsman status|player='''Total'''|status='''48.3 overs'''|runs='''222'''|balls='''291'''|4s='''17'''|6s='''4'''|strike_rate='''4.58(run rate)'''}}
{{Cricket match box end}}

'''Fall of wickets:''' 1-120 (Mehedi, 20.5 overs), 2-128 (Kayes, 23.5 overs), 3-137 (Rahim, 26.5 overs), 4-139 (Mithun, 28 overs), 5-151 (Mahmudullah, 32.2 overs), 6-188 (Das, 41 overs), 7-196 (Mortaza, 42.5 overs), 8-213 (Nazmul, 46.4 overs), 9-222 (Sarkar 48.1 overs), 10-222 (Rubel 48.3 overs)

{{Cricket match bowling box begin|title=India bowling<ref name="CI Final"/>}}
{{Cricket match bowler status|bowler=[[Bhuvneshwar Kumar]]|overs=7|maiden=0|runs=33|wickets=0|econ=4.71}}
{{Cricket match bowler status|bowler=[[Jasprit Bumrah]]|overs=8.3|maiden=0|runs=39|wickets=1|econ=4.58}}
{{Cricket match bowler status|bowler=[[Yuzvendra Chahal]]|overs=8|maiden=1|runs=31|wickets=1|econ=3.87}}
{{Cricket match bowler status|bowler=[[Kuldeep Yadav]]|overs=10|maiden=0|runs=45|wickets=3|econ=4.50}}
{{Cricket match bowler status|bowler=[[Ravindra Jadeja]]|overs=6|maiden=0|runs=31|wickets=0|econ=5.16}}
{{Cricket match bowler status|bowler=[[Kedar Jadhav]]|overs=9|maiden=0|runs=41|wickets=2|econ=4.55}}
{{Cricket match box end}}

;2nd innings
{{Cricket match batting box begin|title= India batting<ref name="CI Final"/>}}
{{Cricket match batsman status|player=[[Rohit Sharma]]|status=c Nazmul b [[Rubel Hossain|Rubel]] |runs=48|balls=55|4s=3|6s=3|strike_rate=87.27}}
{{Cricket match batsman status|player=[[Shikhar Dhawan]]|status=c [[Soumya Sarkar|Sarkar]] b [[Nazmul Islam|Nazmul]] |runs=15|balls=14|4s=3|6s=0|strike_rate=107.14}}
{{Cricket match batsman status|player=[[Ambati Rayudu]]|status=c [[Mushfiqur Rahim|Rahim]] b [[Mashrafe Mortaza|Mortaza]] |runs=2|balls=7|4s=0|6s=0|strike_rate=28.57}}
{{Cricket match batsman status|player=[[Dinesh Karthik]]|status=lbw b [[Mahmudullah]] |runs=37|balls=61|4s=1|6s=1|strike_rate=60.65}}
{{Cricket match batsman status|player=[[MS Dhoni]]|status=c Rahim b [[Mustafizur Rahman|Mustafizur]]|runs=36|balls=67|4s=3|6s=0|strike_rate=53.73}}
{{Cricket match batsman status|player=[[Kedar Jadhav]]|status=not out|runs=23|balls=27|4s=1|6s=1|strike_rate=88.88}}
{{Cricket match batsman status|player=[[Ravindra Jadeja]]|status=c Rahim b Rubel|runs=23|balls=33|4s=1|6s=0|strike_rate=69.69}}
{{Cricket match batsman status|player=[[Bhuvneshwar Kumar]]|status=c Rahim b Mustafizur|runs=21|balls=31|4s=1|6s=1|strike_rate=67.74}}
{{Cricket match batsman status|player=[[Kuldeep Yadav]]|status=not out|runs=5|balls=5|4s=0|6s=0|strike_rate=100.00}}
{{Cricket match batsman status|player=[[Jasprit Bumrah]]|status=Did not bat|runs=|balls=|4s=|6s=|strike_rate=}}
{{Cricket match batsman status|player=[[Yuzvendra Chahal]]|status=Did not bat|runs=|balls=|4s=|6s=|strike_rate=}}
{{Cricket match batsman status|player='''Total'''|status='''50 overs'''|runs='''223'''|balls='''300'''|4s='''13'''|6s='''6'''|strike_rate='''4.46 (Run Rate)'''}}
{{Cricket match box end}}

'''Fall of wickets:''' 1-35 (Dhawan, 4.4 overs), 2-46 (Rayudu, 7.3 overs), 3-83 (Sharma, 16.4 overs), 4-137 (Karthik, 30.4 overs), 5-160 (Dhoni, 36.1 overs), 6-212 (Jadeja, 47.2 overs), 7-214 (Kumar, 48.1 overs)

{{Cricket match bowling box begin|title= Bangladesh bowling<ref name="CI Final"/>}}
{{Cricket match bowler status|bowler=[[Mehedi Hasan]]|overs=4|maiden=0|runs=27|wickets=0|econ=6.75}}
{{Cricket match bowler status|bowler=[[Mustafizur Rahman]]|overs=10|maiden=0|runs=38|wickets=2|econ=3.80}}
{{Cricket match bowler status|bowler=[[Nazmul Islam]]|overs=10|maiden=0|runs=56|wickets=1|econ=5.60}}
{{Cricket match bowler status|bowler=[[Mashrafe Mortaza]]|overs=10|maiden=0|runs=35|wickets=1|econ=3.50}}
{{Cricket match bowler status|bowler=[[Rubel Hossain]]|overs=10|maiden=2|runs=26|wickets=2|econ=2.60}}
{{Cricket match bowler status|bowler=[[Mahmudullah]]|overs=6|maiden=0|runs=33|wickets=1|econ=5.50}}
{{Cricket match box end}}

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

==External links==
* [http://www.espncricinfo.com/scores/series/1153237/season/2018/asia-cup Series home] at ESPNcricinfo

{{Asia Cup}}

[[Category:Limited overs cricket matches]]
[[Category:2018 in Bangladeshi cricket]]
[[Category:2018 in Indian cricket]]
[[Category:2018 in the United Arab Emirates]]
[[Category:September 2018 sports events in Asia]]
[[Category:Asia Cup finals]]
[[Category:Bangladesh–India sports relations]]
[[Category:Bangladesh in international cricket]]
[[Category:India in international cricket]]

Punjab Council of Ministers

2026-01-29T12:54:04Z

FinlayPulido6: Done

{{Short description|Executive branch of the government of Punjab, India}}
{{Update|reason=Cabinet expansion|date=July 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}

This is a historical list of ministers who have served in the Punjab government. For a list of current ministers see [[Mann ministry]] and [[Departments of Government of Punjab, India]].

List of the Departments arranged in alphabetical order.
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
|-
! Department
! Ministry
! Name
! Term start
! Term End
! colspan="2" scope="col" | Party
|-
| rowspan="4" |{{vanchor|Administrative Reforms}}
|[[Second Amarinder Singh ministry|2nd Amarinder ministry]]
|[[Amarinder Singh]]
|16 March 2017 <ref name="Amarinder Ministry" />
|18 September 2021
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[Channi ministry]]
|[[Vijay Inder Singla]]
|26 September 2021
|11 March 2022
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| rowspan="2" | [[Mann ministry]]
| [[Bhagwant Mann]]
| 16 March 2022
| 5 July 2022
| {{Full party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[Inderbir Singh Nijjar]]
|5 July 2022
|Incumbent
|-
| rowspan="4" |{{vanchor|Agriculture}}
|[[Second Amarinder Singh ministry|2nd Amarinder ministry]]
|[[Jatin Puri]]
|16 March 2017 <ref name="Amarinder Ministry" />
|18 September 2021
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[Channi ministry]]
|[[Randeep Singh Nabha]]
|26 September 2021
|11 March 2022
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| rowspan="2" | [[Mann ministry]]
| [[Bhagwant Mann]]
| 16 March 2022
| 5 July 2022
| {{Full party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[Kuldeep Singh Dhaliwal]]
|5 July 2022
|Incumbent
|-
| rowspan="3" |{{vanchor|Animal Husbandry, Dairy Development and Fisheries}}
|[[Second Amarinder Singh ministry|2nd Amarinder ministry]], [[Channi ministry]]
|[[Tripat Rajinder Singh Bajwa|Tript Rajinder Singh Bajwa]]
|16 March 2017
|11 March 2022
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| rowspan="2" | [[Mann ministry]]
| [[Kuldeep Singh Dhaliwal]]
| 21 March 2022
| 5 July 2022
| {{Full party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
|
|5 July 2022
|Incumbent
|-
| rowspan="3" |{{vanchor|Civil Aviation}}
|[[Second Amarinder Singh ministry|2nd Amarinder ministry]]
|[[Amarinder Singh]]
|16 March 2017 <ref name="Amarinder Ministry" />
|18 September 2021
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[Channi ministry]]
|[[Charanjit Singh Channi]]
|26 September 2021
|11 March 2022
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[Mann ministry]]
| [[Bhagwant Mann]]
| 16 March 2022
| Incumbent
| {{Full party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|-
| rowspan="4" |{{vanchor|Conservation of Land & Water}}
|[[Second Amarinder Singh ministry|2nd Amarinder ministry]]
|[[Amarinder Singh]]
|16 March 2017 <ref name="Amarinder Ministry" />
|18 September 2021
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[Channi ministry]]
|[[Charanjit Singh Channi]]
|26 September 2021
|11 March 2022
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| rowspan="2" | [[Mann ministry]]
| [[Bhagwant Mann]]
| 16 March 2022
| 5 July 2022
| {{Full party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
|
|5 July 2022
|Incumbent
|-
| rowspan="3" |{{vanchor|Cooperation}}
|[[Second Amarinder Singh ministry|2nd Amarinder ministry]], [[Channi ministry]]
|[[Sukhjinder Singh Randhawa]]
|16 March 2017
|16 March 2022
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| rowspan="2" | [[Mann ministry]]
| [[Harpal Singh Cheema]]

| 21 March 2022
| 5 July 2022
| {{Full party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
|
|5 July 2022
|Incumbent
|-
| rowspan="3" |{{vanchor|Defence Services Welfare}}
|[[Channi ministry]]
|[[Om Parkash Soni]]
|26 September 2021
|11 March 2022
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| rowspan="2" | [[Mann ministry]]
| [[Bhagwant Mann]]
| 16 March 2022
| 5 July 2022
| {{Full party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
|
|5 July 2022
|Incumbent
|-
| rowspan="3" |{{vanchor|Economic & Statistical Organisation}}
|[[Second Amarinder Singh ministry|2nd Amarinder ministry]]
|[[Amarinder Singh]]
|16 March 2017 <ref name="Amarinder Ministry" />
|18 September 2021
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[Channi ministry]]
|[[Charanjit Singh Channi]]
|26 September 2021
|11 March 2022
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[Mann ministry]]
| [[Bhagwant Mann]]
| 16 March 2022
| Incumbent
| {{Full party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|-
| rowspan="5" | Employment Generation and Training
| [[Second Amarinder Singh ministry|2nd Amarinder ministry]]
| [[Manpreet Singh Badal]]<ref name="Amarinder Ministry" />
| 16 March 2017
| 20 September 2021
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[Second Amarinder Singh ministry|2nd Amarinder ministry]], [[Channi ministry]]
|[[Brahm Mohindra|Brahm mohindra]]
|16 March 2017
|11 March 2022
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[Mann ministry]]
| [[Bhagwant Mann]]
| 16 March 2022
| Incumbent
| {{Full party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|-
| [[Channi ministry]]
| [[Rana Gurjeet Singh]]
| 20 September 2021
| 11 March 2022
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[Mann ministry]]
| [[Bhagwant Mann]]
| 16 March 2022
| Incumbent
| {{Full party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|-
| rowspan="2" | {{vanchor|Excise and Taxation}}
| [[Channi ministry]]
| [[Manpreet Singh Badal]]
| 26 September 2021
| 11 March 2022
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[Mann ministry]]
| [[Harpal Singh Cheema]]

| 21 March 2022
| Incumbent
| {{Full party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|-
| rowspan="4" |{{vanchor|Elections}}
|[[Second Amarinder Singh ministry|2nd Amarinder ministry]]
|[[Amarinder Singh]]
|16 March 2017 <ref name="Amarinder Ministry" />
|18 September 2021
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[Channi ministry]]
| -
|26 September 2021
|11 March 2022
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| rowspan="2" | [[Mann ministry]]
| [[Bhagwant Mann]]
| 16 March 2022
| 5 July 2022
| {{Full party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[Chetan Singh Jauramajra]]
|5 July 2022
|Incumbent
|-
| rowspan="3" | {{vanchor|Finance}}
| [[Fifth Badal ministry]]
| [[Parminder Singh Dhindsa]]
| 2012
| 2017
| {{Full party name with color|Shiromani Akali Dal}}
|-
| [[Second Amarinder Singh ministry|2nd Amarinder ministry]], [[Channi ministry]]
| [[Manpreet Singh Badal]]<ref name="Amarinder Ministry">{{cite news |title=Amarinder Singh sworn in as Punjab CM |url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/punjab-2017/amrinder-singh-sworn-in-as-punjab-cm/article61805206.ece |access-date=25 March 2022 |work=The Hindu |date=17 March 2017 |language=en-IN}}</ref>
| 16 March 2017
| 11 March 2022
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[Mann ministry]]
| [[Harpal Singh Cheema]]
| 21 March 2022
| Incumbent
| {{Full party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|-
| rowspan="2" |Food, Civil Supplies and Consumer Affairs
|[[Second Amarinder Singh ministry|2nd Amarinder ministry]], [[Channi ministry]]
|[[Bharat Bhushan Ashu]]
|16 March 2017
|11 March 2022
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[Mann ministry]]
| [[Lal Chand Kataruchakk]]
| 21 March 2022
| Incumbent
| {{Full party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|-
| rowspan="4" |Food Processing
|[[Second Amarinder Singh ministry|2nd Amarinder ministry]]
|[[Om Parkash Soni]]
|16 March 2017
|26 September 2021
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[Channi ministry]]
|[[Randeep Singh Nabha]]
|26 September 2021
|11 March 2022
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| rowspan="2" | [[Mann ministry]]
| [[Bhagwant Mann]]
| 16 March 2022
| 5 July 2022
| {{Full party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
|
|5 July 2022
|Incumbent
|-
| rowspan="3" |{{vanchor|Forest and Wild Life Preservation}}
|[[Second Amarinder Singh ministry|2nd Amarinder ministry]]
|[[Sadhu Singh Dharamsot]]
|16 March 2017
|26 September 2021
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[Channi ministry]]
|[[Sangat Singh Gilzian]]
|26 September 2021
|11 March 2022
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[Mann ministry]]
| [[Lal Chand Kataruchakk]]
| 21 March 2022
| Incumbent
| {{Full party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|-
| rowspan="3" |{{vanchor|General Administration}}
|[[Second Amarinder Singh ministry|2nd Amarinder ministry]]
|[[Amarinder Singh]]
|16 March 2017 <ref name="Amarinder Ministry" />
|18 September 2021
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[Channi ministry]]
|[[Charanjit Singh Channi]]
|26 September 2021
|11 March 2022
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[Mann ministry]]
| [[Bhagwant Mann]]
| 16 March 2022
| Incumbent
| {{Full party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|-
| rowspan="3" | {{vanchor|Governance Reforms and Public Grievances}}
| [[Channi ministry]]
| [[Manpreet Singh Badal]]
| 26 September 2021
| 11 March 2022
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| rowspan="2" | [[Mann ministry]]
| [[Bhagwant Mann]]
| 16 March 2022
| 5 July 2022
| {{Full party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
|
|5 July 2022
|Incumbent
|-
| rowspan="4" | {{vanchor|Health & Family Welfare}}
| [[Second Amarinder Singh ministry|2nd Amarinder ministry]], [[Channi ministry]]
| [[Om Parkash Soni]]
| 16 March 2017
| 11 March 2022
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| rowspan="3" | [[Mann ministry]]
| [[Vijay Singla]]
| 21 March 2022
|
| {{Full party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party|rowspan=3}}
|-
| [[Bhagwant Mann]]
|
|
|-
| [[Chetan Singh Jauramajra]]
|5 July 2022
|Incumbent
|-
| rowspan="3" |{{vanchor|Higher Education and Languages}}
|[[Second Amarinder Singh ministry|2nd Amarinder ministry]]
|[[Tripat Rajinder Singh Bajwa]]
|16 March 2017
|26 September 2021
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[Channi ministry]]
| [[Pargat Singh]]
| 26 September 2021
| 11 March 2022
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[Mann ministry]]
| [[Gurmeet Singh Meet Hayer]]

| 21 March 2022
| Incumbent
| {{Full party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|-
| rowspan="4" | {{vanchor|Home Affairs and Justice}}
| [[Fifth Badal ministry]]
| [[Sukhbir Singh Badal]]
| 2012
| 2017
| {{Full party name with color|Shiromani Akali Dal}}
|-
| [[Second Amarinder Singh ministry|2nd Amarinder ministry]]
| [[Amarinder Singh]]<ref name="Amarinder Ministry" />
| 16 March 2017
| 18 September 2021
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[Channi ministry]]
| [[Sukhjinder Singh Randhawa]]
| 20 September 2021
| 16 March 2022
| {{Full party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|-
| [[Mann ministry]]
| [[Bhagwant Mann]]
| 16 March 2022
| Incumbent
| {{Full party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|-
| rowspan="4" |{{vanchor|Horticulture}}
|[[Second Amarinder Singh ministry|2nd Amarinder ministry]]
|[[Amarinder Singh]]
|16 March 2017 <ref name="Amarinder Ministry" />
|18 September 2021
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[Channi ministry]]
|[[Rana Gurjeet Singh]]
|26 September 2021
|11 March 2022
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| rowspan="2" | [[Mann ministry]]
| [[Bhagwant Mann]]
| 16 March 2022
| 5 July 2022
| {{Full party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
|
|5 July 2022
|Incumbent
|-
| rowspan="4" |{{vanchor|Hospitality}}
|[[Second Amarinder Singh ministry|2nd Amarinder ministry]]
|[[Amarinder Singh]]
|16 March 2017 <ref name="Amarinder Ministry" />
|18 September 2021
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[Channi ministry]]
|[[Charanjit Singh Channi]]
|26 September 2021
|11 March 2022
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| rowspan="2" | [[Mann ministry]]
| [[Laljit Singh Bhullar]]

| 21 March 2022
| 5 July 2022
| {{Full party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
|
|5 July 2022
|Incumbent
|-
| rowspan="3" |{{vanchor|Housing and Urban Development}}
|[[Second Amarinder Singh ministry|2nd Amarinder ministry]], [[Channi ministry]]
|[[Sukhbinder Singh Sarkaria]]
|16 March 2017
|11 March 2022
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[Mann ministry]]
| [[Bhagwant Mann]]
| 16 March 2022
| 5 July 2022
| {{Full party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
|
|5 July 2022
|Incumbent
|-
| rowspan="3" |{{vanchor|Industries and Commerce}}
|[[Second Amarinder Singh ministry|2nd Amarinder ministry]]
|[[Sunder Sham Arora]]
|16 March 2017
|26 September 2021
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[Channi ministry]]
|Gurkirat Singh Kotli
|26 September 2021
|11 March 2022
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[Mann ministry]]
| [[Bhagwant Mann]]
| 16 March 2022
| Incumbent
| {{Full party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|-
| rowspan="4" |{{vanchor|Information and Public Relation}}
|[[Second Amarinder Singh ministry|2nd Amarinder ministry]]
|[[Amarinder Singh]]
|16 March 2017 <ref name="Amarinder Ministry" />
|18 September 2021
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[Channi ministry]]
|[[Charanjit Singh Channi]]
|26 September 2021
|11 March 2022
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| rowspan="2" | [[Mann ministry]]
| [[Bhagwant Mann]]
| 16 March 2022
| 5 July 2022
| {{Full party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
|
|5 July 2022
|Incumbent
|-
| rowspan="3" |{{vanchor|Information Technology}}
|[[Second Amarinder Singh ministry|2nd Amarinder ministry]]
|[[Amarinder Singh]]
|16 March 2017 <ref name="Amarinder Ministry" />
|18 September 2021
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[Channi ministry]]
|Gurkirat Singh Kotli
|26 September 2021
|11 March 2022
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[Mann ministry]]
| [[Bhagwant Mann]]
| 16 March 2022
| Incumbent
| {{Full party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|-
| rowspan="4" |{{vanchor|Investment Promotion}}
|[[Second Amarinder Singh ministry|2nd Amarinder ministry]]
|[[Amarinder Singh]]
|16 March 2017 <ref name="Amarinder Ministry" />
|18 September 2021
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[Channi ministry]]
|[[Charanjit Singh Channi]]
|26 September 2021
|11 March 2022
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| rowspan="2" | [[Mann ministry]]
| [[Bhagwant Mann]]
| 16 March 2022
| 5 July 2022
| {{Full party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
|
|5 July 2022
|Incumbent
|-
| rowspan="2" |{{vanchor|Jails}}
|[[Second Amarinder Singh ministry|2nd Amarinder ministry]], [[Channi ministry]]
|[[Sukhjinder Singh Randhawa]]
|16 March 2017
|11 March 2022
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[Mann ministry]]
| [[Harjot Singh Bains]]

| 21 March 2022
| Incumbent
| {{Full party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|-
| rowspan="4" |Labour
|[[Second Amarinder Singh ministry|2nd Amarinder ministry]]
|Balbir Singh Sidhu
|16 March 2017
|26 September 2021
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[Channi ministry]]
|[[Sangat Singh Gilzian]]
|26 September 2021
|11 March 2022
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| rowspan="2" | [[Mann ministry]]
| [[Bhagwant Mann]]
| 16 March 2022
| 5 July 2022
| {{Full party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
|
|5 July 2022
|Incumbent
|-
| rowspan="4" |Legal and Legislative Affairs
|[[Second Amarinder Singh ministry|2nd Amarinder ministry]]
|[[Amarinder Singh]]
|16 March 2017 <ref name="Amarinder Ministry" />
|18 September 2021
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[Channi ministry]]
|[[Charanjit Singh Channi]]
|26 September 2021
|11 March 2022
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| rowspan="2" | [[Mann ministry]]
| [[Harjot Singh Bains]]

| 21 March 2022
| 5 July 2022
| {{Full party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
|
|5 July 2022
|Incumbent
|-
| rowspan="4" |Local Government
|[[Second Amarinder Singh ministry|2nd Amarinder ministry]]
|[[Navjot Singh Sidhu]]
|16 March 2017
|14 July 2019 <ref name="LatestLY 9 June 2019">{{cite news |title=Navjot Singh Sidhu, Stripped of Local Bodies Ministry, Now Left Out of 8 Key Advisory Groups Formed by Punjab CM Amarinder Singh |url=https://www.latestly.com/india/politics/navjot-singh-sidhu-stripped-of-local-bodies-ministry-now-left-out-of-8-key-advisory-groups-formed-by-punjab-cm-amarinder-singh-911814.html |access-date=7 April 2022 |work=LatestLY |date=9 June 2019 |language=en}}</ref>
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[Second Amarinder Singh ministry|2nd Amarinder ministry]], [[Channi ministry]]
|[[Brahm Mohindra|Brahm mohindra]]
|14 July 2019
|11 March 2022
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| rowspan="2" | [[Mann ministry]]
| [[Bhagwant Mann]]
| 16 March 2022
| 5 July 2022
| {{Full party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
|
|5 July 2022
|Incumbent
|-
| rowspan="3" |Mines & Geology
|[[Second Amarinder Singh ministry|2nd Amarinder ministry]]
|[[Sukhbinder Singh Sarkaria]]
|16 March 2017
|26 September 2021
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[Channi ministry]]
|[[Charanjit Singh Channi]]
|26 September 2021
|11 March 2022
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[Mann ministry]]
| [[Harjot Singh Bains]]

| 21 March 2022
| Incumbent
| {{Full party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|-
| rowspan="5" |Medical Education and Research
|[[Second Amarinder Singh ministry|2nd Amarinder ministry]]
|[[Om Parkash Soni]]
|16 March 2017
|26 September 2021
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[Channi ministry]]
|[[Raj Kumar Verka]]
|26 September 2021
|11 March 2022
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|rowspan=3| [[Mann ministry]]
| [[Vijay Singla]]
| 21 March 2022
|
| {{Full party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party|rowspan=3}}
|-
|[[Bhagwant Mann]]
|
| 5 July 2022
|-
| [[Chetan Singh Jauramajra]]
|5 July 2022
|Incumbent
|-
| rowspan="4" |New & Renewable Energy Sources
|[[Second Amarinder Singh ministry|2nd Amarinder ministry]]
|[[Amarinder Singh]]
|16 March 2017 <ref name="Amarinder Ministry" />
|18 September 2021
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[Channi ministry]]
|[[Raj Kumar Verka]]
|26 September 2021
|11 March 2022
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| rowspan="2" | [[Mann ministry]]
| [[Bhagwant Mann]]
| 16 March 2022
| 5 July 2022
| {{Full party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
|
|5 July 2022
|Incumbent
|-
| rowspan="3" |NRI Affairs
|[[Second Amarinder Singh ministry|2nd Amarinder ministry]]
|[[Rana Gurmit Singh Sodhi]]
|16 March 2017
|26 September 2021
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[Channi ministry]]
| [[Pargat Singh]]
| 26 September 2021
| 11 March 2022
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[Mann ministry]]
| [[Kuldeep Singh Dhaliwal]]

| 21 March 2022
| Incumbent
| {{Full party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|-
| rowspan="3" |Parliamentary Affairs
|[[Second Amarinder Singh ministry|2nd Amarinder ministry]], [[Channi ministry]]
|[[Brahm Mohindra|Brahm mohindra]]
|16 March 2017
|11 March 2022
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| rowspan="2" | [[Mann ministry]]
| [[Bhagwant Mann]]
| 16 March 2022
| 5 July 2022
| {{Full party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
|
|5 July 2022
|Incumbent
|-
| rowspan="3" |Personnel
|[[Second Amarinder Singh ministry|2nd Amarinder ministry]]
|[[Amarinder Singh]]
|16 March 2017 <ref name="Amarinder Ministry" />
|18 September 2021
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[Channi ministry]]
|[[Charanjit Singh Channi]]
|26 September 2021
|11 March 2022
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[Mann ministry]]
| [[Bhagwant Mann]]
| 16 March 2022
| Incumbent
| {{Full party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|-
| rowspan="2" | Planning
| [[Second Amarinder Singh ministry|2nd Amarinder ministry]], [[Channi ministry]]
| [[Manpreet Singh Badal]]<ref name="Amarinder Ministry"/>
| 16 March 2017
| 11 March 2022
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[Mann ministry]]
| [[Harpal Singh Cheema]]

| 21 March 2022
| Incumbent
| {{Full party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|-
| rowspan="3" |Power
|[[Second Amarinder Singh ministry|2nd Amarinder ministry]]
|[[Navjot Singh Sidhu]]
|June 2019
|14 July 2019 <ref name="LatestLY 9 June 2019" />
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[Channi ministry]]
|[[Charanjit Singh Channi]]
|14 July 2019
|11 March 2022
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[Mann ministry]]
| [[Harbhajan Singh ETO]]

| 21 March 2022
| Incumbent
| {{Full party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|-
| rowspan="4" |Printing and Stationery
|[[Second Amarinder Singh ministry|2nd Amarinder ministry]]
|[[Sadhu Singh Dharamsot]]
|16 March 2017
|26 September 2021
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[Channi ministry]]
|[[Razia Sultana (politician)|Razia Sultana]]
|26 September 2021
|11 March 2022
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| rowspan="2" | [[Mann ministry]]
| [[Bhagwant Mann]]
| 16 March 2022
| 5 July 2022
| {{Full party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
|
|5 July 2022
|Incumbent
|-
| rowspan="2" | Program Implementation
| [[Second Amarinder Singh ministry|2nd Amarinder ministry]], [[Channi ministry]]
| [[Manpreet Singh Badal]]
| 16 March 2017
| 11 March 2022
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[Mann ministry]]
| [[Harpal Singh Cheema]]

| 21 March 2022
| Incumbent
| {{Full party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|-
| rowspan="2" |Public Works
|[[Second Amarinder Singh ministry|2nd Amarinder ministry]], [[Channi ministry]]
|[[Vijay Inder Singla]]
|16 March 2017
|11 March 2022
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[Mann ministry]]
| [[Harbhajan Singh ETO]]

| 21 March 2022
| Incumbent
| {{Full party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|-
| rowspan="3" |Punjab Energy Development Agency
|[[Second Amarinder Singh ministry|2nd Amarinder ministry]]
|[[Amarinder Singh]]
|16 March 2017 <ref name="Amarinder Ministry" />
|18 September 2021
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[Channi ministry]]
|[[Charanjit Singh Channi]]
|26 September 2021
|11 March 2022
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[Mann ministry]]
| [[Bhagwant Mann]]
| 16 March 2022
| Incumbent
| {{Full party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|-
| rowspan="2" |Removal of Grievances
| rowspan="2" |[[Mann ministry]]
|
|
| 5 July 2022
| {{Full party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
|
|5 July 2022
|Incumbent
|-
| rowspan="3" |Revenue, Rehabilitation & Disaster Management
|[[Second Amarinder Singh ministry|2nd Amarinder ministry]]
|[[Gurpreet Singh Kangar]]
|16 March 2017
|26 September 2021
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[Channi ministry]]
|[[Aruna Chaudhary]]
|26 September 2021
|11 March 2022
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[Mann ministry]]
| [[Brahm Shankar Jimpa]]

| 21 March 2022
| Incumbent
| {{Full party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|-
| rowspan="2" |Rural Development and Panchayat
|[[Second Amarinder Singh ministry|2nd Amarinder ministry]], [[Channi ministry]]
|[[Tripat Rajinder Singh Bajwa|Tript Rajinder Singh Bajwa]]
|16 March 2017
|11 March 2022
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[Mann ministry]]
| [[Kuldeep Singh Dhaliwal]]

| 21 March 2022
| Incumbent
| {{Full party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|-
| rowspan="4" |School Education
|[[Second Amarinder Singh ministry|2nd Amarinder ministry]]
|[[Vijay Inder Singla]]
|16 March 2017
|26 September 2021
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[Channi ministry]]
| [[Pargat Singh]]
| 26 September 2021
| 11 March 2022
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| rowspan="2" | [[Mann ministry]]
| [[Gurmeet Singh Meet Hayer]]
| 21 March 2022
| 5 July 2022
| {{Full party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
|
|5 July 2022
|Incumbent
|-
| rowspan="4" |Science, Technology & Environment
|[[Second Amarinder Singh ministry|2nd Amarinder ministry]]
|[[Amarinder Singh]]
|16 March 2017 <ref name="Amarinder Ministry" />
|18 September 2021
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[Channi ministry]]
|Gurkirat Singh Kotli
|26 September 2021
|11 March 2022
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| rowspan="2" | [[Mann ministry]]
| [[Bhagwant Mann]]
| 16 March 2022
| 5 July 2022
| {{Full party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
|
|5 July 2022
|Incumbent
|-
| rowspan="3" |Social Justice, Empowerment and Minorities
|[[Second Amarinder Singh ministry|2nd Amarinder ministry]]
|[[Aruna Chaudhary]]
|16 March 2017
|26 September 2021
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[Channi ministry]]
|[[Raj Kumar Verka]]
|26 September 2021
|11 March 2022
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[Mann ministry]]
| [[Baljit Kaur]]
| 21 March 2022
| Incumbent
| {{Full party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|-
| rowspan="3" |Social Security and Development of Women and Children
|[[Second Amarinder Singh ministry|2nd Amarinder ministry]]
|[[Aruna Chaudhary]]
|16 March 2017
|26 September 2021
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[Channi ministry]]
|[[Razia Sultana (politician)|Razia Sultana]]
|26 September 2021
|11 March 2022
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[Mann ministry]]
| [[Baljit Kaur]]
| 21 March 2022
| Incumbent
| {{Full party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|-
| rowspan="3" |Soil & Water Conservation
|[[Second Amarinder Singh ministry|2nd Amarinder ministry]]
|[[Amarinder Singh]]
|16 March 2017 <ref name="Amarinder Ministry" />
|18 September 2021
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[Channi ministry]]
|[[Rana Gurjeet Singh]]
|26 September 2021
|11 March 2022
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[Mann ministry]]
| [[Bhagwant Mann]]
| 16 March 2022
| Incumbent
| {{Full party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|-
| rowspan="3" |Sports and Youth Services
|[[Second Amarinder Singh ministry|2nd Amarinder ministry]]
|[[Rana Gurmit Singh Sodhi]]
|16 March 2017
|26 September 2021
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[Channi ministry]]
| [[Pargat Singh]]
| 26 September 2021
| 11 March 2022
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[Mann ministry]]
| [[Gurmeet Singh Meet Hayer]]

| 21 March 2022
| Incumbent
| {{Full party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|-
| rowspan="3" |Technical Education and Industrial Training
|[[Second Amarinder Singh ministry|2nd Amarinder ministry]]
|[[Charanjit Singh Channi]]
|16 March 2017
|26 September 2021
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[Channi ministry]]
|[[Rana Gurjeet Singh]]
|26 September 2021
|11 March 2022
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[Mann ministry]]
| [[Bhagwant Mann]]
| 16 March 2022
| Incumbent
| {{Full party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|-
| rowspan="4" |Tourism and Cultural Affairs
|[[Second Amarinder Singh ministry|2nd Amarinder ministry]]
|[[Navjot Singh Sidhu]]
|16 March 2017
|14 July 2019 <ref name="LatestLY 9 June 2019" />
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[Second Amarinder Singh ministry|2nd Amarinder ministry]], [[Channi ministry]]
|[[Charanjit Singh Channi]]
|July 2019
|11 March 2022
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| rowspan="2" | [[Mann ministry]]
| [[Harjot Singh Bains]]

| 21 March 2022
| 5 July 2022
| {{Full party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
|
|5 July 2022
|Incumbent
|-
| rowspan="3" |Transport
|[[Second Amarinder Singh ministry|2nd Amarinder ministry]]
|[[Razia Sultana (politician)|Razia Sultana]]
|16 March 2017
|26 September 2021
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[Channi ministry]]
| [[Amrinder Singh Raja Warring]]
| 26 September 2021
| 11 March 2022
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[Mann ministry]]
| [[Laljit Singh Bhullar]]

| 21 March 2022
| Incumbent
| {{Full party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|-
| rowspan="3" |Vigilance
|[[Second Amarinder Singh ministry|2nd Amarinder ministry]]
|[[Amarinder Singh]]
|16 March 2017 <ref name="Amarinder Ministry" />
|18 September 2021
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[Channi ministry]]
|[[Charanjit Singh Channi]]
|26 September 2021
|11 March 2022
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[Mann ministry]]
| [[Bhagwant Mann]]
| 16 March 2022
| Incumbent
| {{Full party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|-
| rowspan="3" |Water Resources
|[[Second Amarinder Singh ministry|2nd Amarinder ministry]], [[Channi ministry]]
|[[Sukhbinder Singh Sarkaria]]
|16 March 2017
|11 March 2022
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| rowspan="2" | [[Mann ministry]]
| [[Brahm Shankar Jimpa]]

| 21 March 2022
| 5 July 2022
| {{Full party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
|
|5 July 2022
|Incumbent
|-
| rowspan="2" |Water Supply and Sanitation
|[[Second Amarinder Singh ministry|2nd Amarinder ministry]], [[Channi ministry]]
|[[Razia Sultana (politician)|Razia Sultana]]
|16 March 2017
|11 March 2022
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[Mann ministry]]
| [[Brahm Shankar Jimpa]]

| 21 March 2022
| Incumbent
| {{Full party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|-
| rowspan="3" |Welfare of Freedom Fighters
|[[Second Amarinder Singh ministry|2nd Amarinder ministry]], [[Channi ministry]]
|[[Om Parkash Soni]]
|16 March 2017
|11 March 2022
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| rowspan="2" | [[Mann ministry]]
| [[Bhagwant Mann]]
| 16 March 2022
| 5 July 2022
| {{Full party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
|
|5 July 2022
|Incumbent
|}

<ref name="Tribune News 21 March 2022">{{cite news |title=Punjab portfolios announced; CM Mann keeps Home and Vigilance, Cheema gets Finance, Singla Health, Harbhajan Power |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/punjab/punjab-portfolios-announced-cheema-gets-finance-and-revenue-harbhajan-eto-power-dr-baljit-women-welfare-and-child-development-379489 |access-date=21 March 2022 |work=Tribuneindia News Service |date=21 March 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Allotments">{{cite web |title=GOVERNOR ALLOTS PORTFOLIOS TO NEWLY INDUCTED MINISTERS {{!}} Directorate of Information and Public Relations, Punjab, India ਸੂਚਨਾ ਤੇ ਲੋਕ ਸੰਪਰਕ ਵਿਭਾਗ ਪੰਜਾਬ ,ਭਾਰਤ |url=http://diprpunjab.gov.in/?q=content/governor-allots-portfolios-newly-inducted-ministers-0 |website=diprpunjab.gov.in |access-date=21 March 2022 |archive-date=21 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220321165955/http://diprpunjab.gov.in/?q=content%2Fgovernor-allots-portfolios-newly-inducted-ministers-0 |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Oath as the state chief minister/minister ==

{{Blockquote|text= I, <Name of Chief Minister/Minister>, do swear in the name of God/solemnly affirm that I will bear true faith and allegiance to the Constitution of India as by law established, that I will uphold the sovereignty and integrity of India, that I will faithfully and conscientiously discharge my duties as a Minister for the State of () and that I will do right to all manner of people in accordance with the Constitution and the law without fear or favour, affection or ill-will.|sign=|source=}}
==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Government of Punjab, India]]
[[Category:State cabinet ministers of Punjab, India| ]]
[[Category:2022 in Indian politics]]
[[Category:State council of ministers of India]]

List of New Zealand Test cricketers

2026-01-28T17:55:40Z

FinlayPulido6: updated details

{{Short description|None}}
{{About|the men's cricketers|the women's cricketers|List of New Zealand women Test cricketers}}
{{use New Zealand English|date=February 2024}}
{{use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
This is a '''list of New Zealand Test cricketers'''. A [[Test cricket|Test match]] is an international [[cricket]] match between two of the leading cricketing nations. The list is arranged in the order in which each player won his Test cap. Where more than one player won his first Test cap in the same Test match, those players are listed alphabetically by surname.

==Players==
Statistics are correct as of 21 December 2025.<ref>[http://www.espncricinfo.com/NewZealand/content/player/caps.html?country=5;class=1 List of New Zealand Test Cricketers]</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/averages/batting.html?class=1;id=5;type=team |title=New Zealand Test Batting Averages |publisher=ESPNCricinfo |access-date=6 January 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/averages/bowling.html?class=1;id=5;type=team |title=New Zealand Test Bowling Averages |publisher=ESPNCricinfo |access-date=6 January 2023}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable" width="100%"
|-
! colspan=4 | New Zealand Test cricketers
! colspan=5 | [[Batting (cricket)|Batting]]
! colspan=6 | [[Bowling (cricket)|Bowling]]
! colspan=2 | [[Fielding (cricket)|Fielding]]
|-
! [[Cap (sport)|Cap]]
! Name
! Career
! Mat
! [[Innings|Inn]]
! [[Not out|NO]]
! [[Run (cricket)|Runs]]
! HS
! [[Batting average (cricket)|Avg]]
! [[Cricket ball|Balls]]
! Mdn
! [[Run (cricket)|Runs]]
! [[Wicket|Wkt]]
! Best
! [[Bowling average|Avg]]
! [[Caught (cricket)|Ca]]
! [[Stump (cricket)|St]]
|-
||1||{{sortname|Ted|Badcock}}||1930–1933||7||9||2||137||64||19.57||1608||66||610||16||4/80||38.13||1||-
|-
||2||{{sortname|Roger|Blunt}}||1930–1932||9||13||1||330||96||27.50||936||34||472||12||3/17||39.33||5||-
|-
||3||{{sortname|Stewie|Dempster}}||1930–1933||10||15||4||723||136||65.73||5||-||10||-||-||-||2||-
|-
||4||{{sortname|George|Dickinson}}||1930–1932||3||5||-||31||11||6.20||451||13||245||8||3/66||30.63||3||-
|-
||5||{{sortname|Henry|Foley|dab=New Zealand cricketer}}||1930||1||2||-||4||2||2.00||-||-||-||-||-||-||-||-
|-
||6||{{sortname|Matt|Henderson|dab=cricketer}}||1930||1||2||1||8||6||8.00||90||3||64||2||2/38||32.00||1||-
|-
||7||{{sortname|Ken|James|dab=cricketer}}||1930–1933||11||13||2||52||14||4.73||-||-||-||-||-||-||11||5
|-
||8||{{sortname|Tom|Lowry}}||1930–1931||7||8||-||223||80||27.88||12||1||5||-||-||-||8||-
|-
||9||{{sortname|Bill|Merritt|dab=cricketer}}||1930–1931||6||8||1||73||19||10.43||936||10||617||12||4/104||51.42||2||-
|-
||10||{{sortname|Curly|Page}}||1930–1937||14||20||-||492||104||24.60||379||11||231||5||2/21||46.20||6||-
|-
||11||{{sortname|Alby|Roberts}}||1930–1937||5||10||1||248||66*||27.56||459||19||209||7||4/101||29.86||4||-
|-
||12||{{sortname|Eddie|McLeod|dab=cricketer}}||1930||1||2||1||18||16||18.00||12||-||5||-||-||-||-||-
|-
||13||{{sortname|John|Mills|dab=New Zealand cricketer}}||1930–1933||7||10||1||241||117||26.78||-||-||-||-||-||-||1||-
|-
||14||{{sortname|Lindsay|Weir|dab=cricketer}}||1930–1937||11||16||2||416||74*||29.71||342||7||209||7||3/38||29.86||3||-
|-
||15||{{sortname|Cyril|Allcott}}||1930–1932||6||7||2||113||33||22.60||1206||41||541||6||2/102||90.17||3||-
|-
||16||{{sortname|Herb|McGirr}}||1930||2||1||-||51||51||51.00||180||5||115||1||1/65||115.00||-||-
|-
||17||{{sortname|Mal|Matheson}}||1930–1931||2||1||-||7||7||7.00||282||9||136||2||2/7||68.00||2||-
|-
||18||{{sortname|Ian|Cromb}}||1931–1932||5||8||2||123||51*||20.50||960||36||442||8||3/113||55.25||1||-
|-
||19||{{sortname|Jack|Kerr|dab=cricketer}}||1931–1937||7||12||1||212||59||19.27||-||-||-||-||-||-||4||-
|-
||20||{{sortname|Giff|Vivian}}||1931–1937||7||10||-||421||100||42.10||1311||44||633||17||4/58||37.24||4||-
|-
||21||{{sortname|Don|Cleverley}}||1932–1946||2||4||3||19||10*||19.00||222||3||130||-||-||-||-||-
|-
||22||{{sortname|Jack|Newman|dab=New Zealand cricketer}}||1932–1933||3||4||-||33||19||8.25||425||11||254||2||2/76||127.00||-||-
|-
||23||{{sortname|Doug|Freeman}}||1933||2||2||-||2||1||1.00||240||3||169||1||1/91||169.00||-||-
|-
||24||{{sortname|Dennis|Smith|dab=New Zealand cricketer}}||1933||1||1||-||4||4||4.00||120||-||113||1||1/113||113.00||-||-
|-
||25||{{sortname|Paul|Whitelaw}}||1933||2||4||2||64||30||32.00||-||-||-||-||-||-||-||-
|-
||26||{{sortname|Jack|Dunning}}||1933–1937||4||6||1||38||19||7.60||830||20||493||5||2/35||98.60||2||-
|-
||27||{{sortname|Jack|Cowie}}||1937–1949||9||13||4||90||45||10.00||2028||65||969||45||6/40||21.53||3||-
|-
||28||{{sortname|Martin|Donnelly|dab=sportsman}}||1937–1949||7||12||1||582||206||52.91||30||-||20||-||-||-||7||-
|-
||29||{{sortname|Walter|Hadlee}}||1937–1951||11||19||1||543||116||30.17||-||-||-||-||-||-||6||-
|-
||30||{{sortname|Sonny|Moloney}}||1937||3||6||-||156||64||26.00||12||1||9||-||-||-||3||-
|-
||31||{{sortname|Eric|Tindill}}||1937–1947||5||9||1||73||37*||9.13||-||-||-||-||-||-||6||1
|-
||32||{{sortname|Merv|Wallace}}||1937–1953||13||21||-||439||66||20.90||6||-||5||-||-||-||5||-
|-
||33||{{sortname|Norman|Gallichan}}||1937||1||2||-||32||30||16.00||264||11||113||3||3/99||37.67||-||-
|-
||34||{{sortname|Mac|Anderson}}||1946||1||2||-||5||4||2.50||-||-||-||-||-||-||1||-
|-
||35||{{sortname|Ces|Burke}}||1946||1||2||-||4||3||2.00||66||2||30||2||2/30||15.00||-||-
|-
||36||{{sortname|Len|Butterfield}}||1946||1||2||-||0||||0.00||78||6||24||-||-||-||-||-
|-
||37||{{sortname|Don|McRae|dab=cricketer}}||1946||1||2||-||8||8||4.00||84||3||44||-||-||-||-||-
|-
||38||{{sortname|Gordon|Rowe}}||1946||1||2||-||0||||0.00||-||-||-||-||-||-||1||-
|-
||39||{{sortname|Verdun|Scott}}||1946–1952||10||17||1||458||84||28.63||18||-||14||-||-||-||7||-
|-
||40||{{sortname|Tom|Burtt}}||1947–1953||10||15||3||252||42||21.00||2593||119||1170||33||6/162||35.45||2||-
|-
||41||{{sortname|Roy|Scott}}||1947||1||1||-||18||18||18.00||138||3||74||1||1/74||74.00||-||-
|-
||42||{{sortname|Brun|Smith}}||1947–1952||4||6||1||237||96||47.40||-||-||-||-||-||-||1||-
|-
||43||{{sortname|Colin|Snedden}}||1947||1||-||-||0||||-||96||5||46||-||-||-||-||-
|-
||44||{{sortname|Bert|Sutcliffe}}||1947–1965||42||76||8||2727||230*||40.10||538||10||344||4||2/38||86.00||20||-
|-
||45||{{sortname|Don|Taylor|dab=cricketer}}||1947–1956||3||5||-||159||77||31.80||-||-||-||-||-||-||2||-
|-
||46||{{sortname|Harry|Cave}}||1949–1958||19||31||5||229||22*||8.81||4074||242||1467||34||4/21||43.15||8||-
|-
||47||{{sortname|Frank|Mooney}}||1949–1954||14||22||2||343||46||17.15||8||1||0||-||-||-||22||8
|-
||48||{{sortname|Geoff|Rabone}}||1949–1955||12||20||2||562||107||31.22||1385||48||635||16||6/68||39.69||5||-
|-
||49||{{sortname|John|Reid|John Richard Reid}}||1949–1965||58||108||5||3428||142||33.28||7725||444||2835||85||6/60||33.35||43||1
|-
||50||{{sortname|Fen|Cresswell}}||1949–1951||3||5||3||14||12*||7.00||650||30||292||13||6/168||22.46||-||-
|-
||51||{{sortname|John|Hayes|dab=cricketer}}||1951–1958||15||22||7||73||19||4.87||2675||86||1217||30||4/36||40.57||3||-
|-
||52||{{sortname|Tony|MacGibbon}}||1951–1958||26||46||5||814||66||19.85||5659||228||2160||70||5/64||30.86||13||-
|-
||53||{{sortname|Alex|Moir}}||1951–1959||17||30||8||327||41*||14.86||2650||82||1418||28||6/155||50.64||2||-
|-
||54||{{sortname|Don|Beard}}||1952–1956||4||7||2||101||31||20.20||806||37||302||9||3/22||33.56||2||-
|-
||55||{{sortname|Ray|Emery|dab=cricketer}}||1952||2||4||-||46||28||11.50||46||-||52||2||2/52||26.00||-||-
|-
||56||{{sortname|Gordon|Leggat}}||1952–1956||9||18||2||351||61||21.94||-||-||-||-||-||-||-||-
|-
||57||{{sortname|Bob|Blair|dab=cricketer}}||1953–1964||19||34||6||189||64*||6.75||3525||114||1515||43||4/85||35.23||5||-
|-
||58||{{sortname|Eric|Fisher|dab=cricketer}}||1953||1||2||-||23||14||11.50||204||6||78||1||1/78||78.00||-||-
|-
||59||{{sortname|Ted|Meuli}}||1953||1||2||-||38||23||19.00||-||-||-||-||-||-||-||-
|-
||60||{{sortname|Lawrie|Miller}}||1953–1958||13||25||-||346||47||13.84||2||-||1||-||-||-||1||-
|-
||61||{{sortname|Murray|Chapple}}||1953–1966||14||27||1||497||76||19.12||248||17||84||1||1/24||84.00||10||-
|-
||62||{{sortname|Eric|Dempster}}||1953–1954||5||8||2||106||47||17.67||544||17||219||2||1/24||109.50||1||-
|-
||63||{{sortname|Matt|Poore}}||1953–1956||14||24||1||355||45||15.43||788||24||367||9||2/28||40.78||1||-
|-
||64||{{sortname|Guy|Overton}}||1953–1954||3||6||1||8||3*||1.60||729||23||258||9||3/65||28.67||1||-
|-
||65||{{sortname|John|Beck|dab=cricketer}}||1953–1956||8||15||-||394||99||26.27||-||-||-||-||-||-||-||-
|-
||66||{{sortname|Bill|Bell|dab=cricketer}}||1954||2||3||3||21||21*||-||491||13||235||2||1/54||117.50||1||-
|-
||67||{{sortname|Ian|Leggat}}||1954||1||1||-||0||||0.00||24||-||6||-||-||-||2||-
|-
||68||{{sortname|Ian|Colquhoun}}||1955||2||4||2||1||1*||0.50||-||-||-||-||-||-||4||-
|-
||69||{{sortname|Noel|McGregor}}||1955–1965||25||47||2||892||111||19.82||-||-||-||-||-||-||9||-
|-
||70||{{sortname|Les|Watt}}||1955||1||2||-||2||2||1.00||-||-||-||-||-||-||-||-
|-
||71||{{sortname|Jack|Alabaster}}||1955–1972||21||34||6||272||34||9.71||3992||178||1863||49||4/46||38.02||7||-
|-
||72||{{sortname|Zin|Harris}}||1955–1965||9||18||1||378||101||22.24||42||2||14||-||-||-||6||-
|-
||73||{{sortname|Trevor|McMahon}}||1955–1956||5||7||4||7||4*||2.33||-||-||-||-||-||-||7||1
|-
||74||{{sortname|Noel|Harford}}||1955–1958||8||15||-||229||93||15.27||-||-||-||-||-||-||-||-
|-
||75||{{sortname|Eric|Petrie}}||1955–1966||14||25||5||258||55||12.90||-||-||-||-||-||-||25||-
|-
||76||{{sortname|John|Guy|dab=New Zealand cricketer}}||1955–1961||12||23||2||440||102||20.95||-||-||-||-||-||-||2||-
|-
||77||{{sortname|Allen|Lissette}}||1956||2||4||2||2||1*||1.00||288||16||124||3||2/73||41.33||1||-
|-
||78||{{sortname|Sammy|Guillen}}||1956||3 {{#tag:ref|[[Sammy Guillen]] also played Test cricket for the [[West Indian cricket team|West Indies]]. Only his record for [[New Zealand cricket team|New Zealand]] is shown above.|name=Sammy Guillen|group=note}}||6||-||98||41||16.33||-||-||-||-||-||-||5||3
|-
||79||{{sortname|Ian|Sinclair|dab=cricketer}}||1956||2||4||1||25||18*||8.33||233||9||120||1||1/79||120.00||1||-
|-
||80||{{sortname|Trevor|Barber}}||1956||1||2||-||17||12||8.50||-||-||-||-||-||-||1||-
|-
||81||{{sortname|John|D'Arcy|dab=cricketer}}||1958||5||10||-||136||33||13.60||-||-||-||-||-||-||-||-
|-
||82||{{sortname|Trevor|Meale}}||1958||2||4||-||21||10||5.25||-||-||-||-||-||-||-||-
|-
||83||{{sortname|Bill|Playle}}||1958–1963||8||15||-||151||65||10.07||-||-||-||-||-||-||4||-
|-
||84||{{sortname|John|Sparling}}||1958–1964||11||20||2||229||50||12.72||708||33||327||5||1/9||65.40||3||-
|-
||85||{{sortname|Bruce|Bolton}}||1959||2||3||-||59||33||19.67||-||-||-||-||-||-||1||-
|-
||86||{{sortname|Roger|Harris|Roger Harris (cricketer)}}||1959||2||3||-||31||13||10.33||-||-||-||-||-||-||-||-
|-
||87||{{sortname|Ken|Hough}}||1959||2||3||2||62||31*||62.00||462||23||175||6||3/79||29.17||1||-
|-
||88||{{sortname|Gary|Bartlett}}||1961–1968||10||18||1||263||40||15.47||1768||64||792||24||6/38||33.00||8||-
|-
||89||{{sortname|Paul|Barton}}||1961–1963||7||14||-||285||109||20.36||-||-||-||-||-||-||4||-
|-
||90||{{sortname|Frank|Cameron}}||1961–1965||19||30||20||116||27*||11.60||4570||220||1849||62||5/34||29.82||2||-
|-
||91||{{sortname|Artie|Dick}}||1961–1965||17||30||4||370||50*||14.23||-||-||-||-||-||-||47||4
|-
||92||{{sortname|Dick|Motz}}||1961–1969||32||56||3||612||60||11.55||7034||279||3148||100||6/63||31.48||9||-
|-
||93||{{sortname|Graham|Dowling}}||1961–1972||39||77||3||2306||239||31.16||36||2||19||1||1/19||19.00||23||-
|-
||94||{{sortname|Barry|Sinclair}}||1963–1968||21||40||1||1148||138||29.44||60||3||32||2||2/32||16.00||8||-
|-
||95||{{sortname|Bryan|Yuile}}||1963–1969||17||33||6||481||64||17.81||2897||168||1213||34||4/43||35.68||12||-
|-
||96||{{sortname|Bruce|Morrison|dab=cricketer}}||1963||1||2||-||10||10||5.00||186||5||129||2||2/129||64.50||1||-
|-
||97||{{sortname|Mike|Shrimpton}}||1963–1974||10||19||-||265||46||13.95||257||1||158||5||3/35||31.60||2||-
|-
||98||{{sortname|Graham|Gedye}}||1964–1965||4||8||-||193||55||24.13||-||-||-||-||-||-||-||-
|-
||99||{{sortname|John|Ward|dab=New Zealand cricketer}}||1964–1968||8||12||6||75||35*||12.50||-||-||-||-||-||-||16||1
|-
||100||{{sortname|Wynne|Bradburn}}||1964||2||4||-||62||32||15.50||-||-||-||-||-||-||2||-
|-
||101||{{sortname|Bob|Cunis}}||1964–1972||20||31||8||295||51||12.83||4250||140||1887||51||6/76||37.00||1||-
|-
||102||{{sortname|Richard|Collinge}}||1965–1978||35||50||13||533||68*||14.41||7689||228||3393||116||6/63||29.25||10||-
|-
||103||{{sortname|Bevan|Congdon}}||1965–1978||61||114||7||3448||176||32.22||5620||197||2154||59||5/65||36.51||44||-
|-
||104||{{sortname|Ross|Morgan}}||1965–1972||20||34||1||734||97||22.24||1114||38||609||5||1/16||121.80||12||-
|-
||105||{{sortname|Peter|Truscott}}||1965||1||2||-||29||26||14.50||-||-||-||-||-||-||1||-
|-
||106||{{sortname|Terry|Jarvis}}||1965–1973||13||22||1||625||182||29.76||12||1||3||-||-||-||3||-
|-
||107||{{sortname|Vic|Pollard}}||1965–1973||32||59||7||1266||116||24.35||4421||207||1853||40||3/3||46.33||19||-
|-
||108||{{sortname|Bruce|Taylor|dab=New Zealand cricketer}}||1965–1973||30||50||6||898||124||20.41||6334||206||2953||111||7/74||26.60||10||-
|-
||109||{{sortname|Graham|Vivian}}||1965-1972||5||6||-||110||43||18.33||198||7||107||1||1/14||107.00||3||-
|-
||110||{{sortname|Grahame|Bilby}}||1966||2||4||-||55||28||13.75||-||-||-||-||-||-||3||-
|-
||111||{{sortname|Tom|Puna}}||1966||3||5||3||31||18*||15.50||480||20||240||4||2/40||60.00||1||-
|-
||112||{{sortname|Mark|Burgess|dab=cricketer}}||1968–1980||50||92||6||2684||119*||31.21||498||27||212||6||3/23||35.33||34||-
|-
||113||{{sortname|Roy|Harford}}||1968||3||5||2||7||6||2.33||-||-||-||-||-||-||11||-
|-
||114||{{sortname|Bruce|Murray|dab=cricketer}}||1968–1971||13||26||1||598||90||23.92||6||1||0||1||1/0||0.00||21||-
|-
||115||{{sortname|Keith|Thomson|dab=sportsman}}||1968||2||4||1||94||69||31.33||21||1||9||1||1/9||9.00||-||-
|-
||116||{{sortname|Brian|Hastings}}||1969–1976||31||56||6||1510||117*||30.20||22||-||9||-||-||-||23||-
|-
||117||{{sortname|Barry|Milburn}}||1969||3||3||2||8||4*||8.00||-||-||-||-||-||-||6||2
|-
||118||{{sortname|Glenn|Turner}}||1969–1983||41||73||6||2991||259||44.64||12||1||5||-||-||-||42||-
|-
||119||{{sortname|Dayle|Hadlee}}||1969–1978||26||42||5||530||56||14.32||4883||114||2389||71||4/30||33.65||8||-
|-
||120||{{sortname|Hedley|Howarth}}||1969–1977||30||42||18||291||61||12.13||8833||393||3178||86||5/34||36.95||33||-
|-
||121||{{sortname|Ken|Wadsworth}}||1969–1976||33||51||4||1010||80||21.49||-||-||-||-||-||-||92||4
|-
||122||{{sortname|Murray|Webb}}||1971–1974||3||2||-||12||12||6.00||732||6||471||4||2/114||117.75||-||-
|-
||123||{{sortname|Richard|Hadlee}}||1973–1990||86||134||19||3124||151*||27.17||21918||809||9611||431||9/52||22.30||39||-
|-
||124||{{sortname|John|Parker|dab=New Zealand cricketer}}||1973–1980||36||63||2||1498||121||24.56||40||2||24||1||1/24||24.00||30||-
|-
||125||{{sortname|David|O'Sullivan|dab=cricketer, born 1944}}||1973–1976||11||21||4||158||23*||9.29||2744||75||1224||18||5/148||68.00||2||-
|-
||126||{{sortname|Rodney|Redmond}}||1973||1||2||-||163||107||81.50||-||-||-||-||-||-||-||-
|-
||127||{{sortname|Bryan|Andrews|dab=cricketer}}||1974||2||3||2||22||17||22.00||256||3||154||2||2/40||77.00||1||-
|-
||128||{{sortname|John|Morrison|dab=cricketer}}||1974–1982||17||29||-||656||117||22.62||264||17||71||2||2/52||35.50||9||-
|-
||129||{{sortname|Jeremy|Coney}}||1974–1987||52||85||14||2668||174*||37.58||2835||135||966||27||3/28||35.78||64||-
|-
||130||{{sortname|Lance|Cairns}}||1974–1985||43||65||8||928||64||16.28||10628||447||4280||130||7/74||32.92||30||-
|-
||131||{{sortname|Ewen|Chatfield}}||1975–1989||43||54||33||180||21*||8.57||10360||489||3958||123||6/73||32.18||7||-
|-
||132||{{sortname|Geoff|Howarth}}||1975–1985||47||83||5||2531||147||32.45||614||20||271||3||1/13||90.33||29||-
|-
||133||{{sortname|Andy|Roberts|dab=New Zealand cricketer}}||1976||7||12||1||254||84*||23.09||440||15||182||4||1/12||45.50||4||-
|-
||134||{{sortname|Robert|Anderson|dab=New Zealand cricketer}}||1976–1978||9||18||-||423||92||23.50||-||-||-||-||-||-||1||-
|-
||135||{{sortname|Warren|Lees}}||1976–1983||21||37||4||778||152||23.58||5||-||4||-||-||-||52||7
|-
||136||{{sortname|Peter|Petherick}}||1976–1977||6||11||4||34||13||4.86||1305||37||681||16||3/90||42.56||4||-
|-
||137||{{sortname|Murray|Parker|dab=cricketer}}||1976||3||6||-||89||40||14.83||-||-||-||-||-||-||2||-
|-
||138||{{sortname|Gary|Troup}}||1976–1986||15||18||6||55||13*||4.58||3183||105||1454||39||6/95||37.28||2||-
|-
||139||{{sortname|Jock|Edwards}}||1977–1981||8||15||-||377||55||25.13||-||-||-||-||-||-||7||-
|-
||140||{{sortname|Stephen|Boock}}||1978–1989||30||41||8||207||37||6.27||6598||327||2564||74||7/87||34.65||14||-
|-
||141||{{sortname|John|Wright|dab=cricketer, born 1954}}||1978–1993||82||148||7||5334||185||37.83||30||1||5||-||-||-||38||-
|-
||142||{{sortname|Brendon|Bracewell}}||1978–1985||6||12||2||24||8||2.40||1036||29||585||14||3/110||41.79||1||-
|-
||143||{{sortname|Bruce|Edgar}}||1978–1986||39||68||4||1958||161||30.59||18||1||3||-||-||-||14||-
|-
||144||{{sortname|John|Reid|John Fulton Reid}}||1979–1986||19||31||3||1296||180||46.29||18||1||7||-||-||-||9||-
|-
||145||{{sortname|Peter|Webb|dab=New Zealand cricketer}}||1980||2||3||-||11||5||3.67||-||-||-||-||-||-||2||-
|-
||146||{{sortname|Paul|McEwan|dab=cricketer}}||1980–1984||4||7||1||96||40*||16.00||36||1||13||-||-||-||5||-
|-
||147||{{sortname|John|Bracewell}}||1980–1990||41||60||11||1001||110||20.43||8403||360||3653||102||6/32||35.81||31||-
|-
||148||{{sortname|Ian|Smith|dab=New Zealand cricketer}}||1980–1992||63||88||17||1815||173||25.56||18||1||5||-||-||-||168||8
|-
||149||{{sortname|Martin|Snedden}}||1981–1990||25||30||8||327||33*||14.86||4775||194||2199||58||5/68||37.91||7||-
|-
||150||{{sortname|Martin|Crowe}}||1982–1995||77||131||11||5444||299||45.37||1377||52||676||14||2/25||48.29||71||-
|-
||151||{{sortname|Jeff|Crowe}}||1983–1990||39||65||4||1601||128||26.25||18||1||9||-||-||-||41||-
|-
||152||{{sortname|Evan|Gray}}||1983–1988||10||16||-||248||50||15.50||2076||87||886||17||3/73||52.12||6||-
|-
||153||{{sortname|Trevor|Franklin|dab=cricketer}}||1983–1991||21||37||1||828||101||23.00||-||-||-||-||-||-||8||-
|-
||154||{{sortname|Derek|Stirling}}||1984–1986||6||9||2||108||26||15.43||902||24||601||13||4/88||46.23||1||-
|-
||155||{{sortname|Ken|Rutherford|dab=cricketer}}||1985–1995||56||99||8||2465||107*||27.09||256||3||161||1||1/38||161.00||32||-
|-
||156||{{sortname|Vaughan|Brown}}||1985||2||3||1||51||36*||25.50||342||13||176||1||1/17||176.00||3||-
|-
||157||{{sortname|Stu|Gillespie}}||1986||1||1||-||28||28||28.00||162||2||79||1||1/79||79.00||-||-
|-
||158||{{sortname|Gary|Robertson|dab=cricketer}}||1986||1||1||-||12||12||12.00||144||6||91||1||1/91||91.00||-||-
|-
||159||{{sortname|Willie|Watson|dab=New Zealand cricketer}}||1986–1993||15||18||6||60||11||5.00||3486||182||1387||40||6/78||34.68||4||-
|-
||160||{{sortname|Tony|Blain}}||1986–1994||11||20||3||456||78||26.82||-||-||-||-||-||-||19||2
|-
||161||{{sortname|Dipak|Patel|dab=New Zealand cricketer}}||1987–1997||37||66||8||1200||99||20.69||6594||253||3154||75||6/50||42.05||15||-
|-
||162||{{sortname|Phil|Horne}}||1987–1990||4||7||-||71||27||10.14||-||-||-||-||-||-||3||-
|-
||163||{{sortname|Andrew|Jones|dab=New Zealand cricketer}}||1987–1995||39||74||8||2922||186||44.27||328||8||194||1||1/40||194.00||25||-
|-
||164||{{sortname|Danny|Morrison|dab=cricketer}}||1987–1997||48||71||26||379||42||8.42||10064||313||5549||160||7/89||34.68||14||-
|-
||165||{{sortname|Mark|Greatbatch}}||1988–1996||41||71||5||2021||146*||30.62||6||1||0||-||-||-||27||-
|-
||166||{{sortname|Robert|Vance|dab=cricketer}}||1988–1989||4||7||-||207||68||29.57||-||-||-||-||-||-||-||-
|-
||167||{{sortname|Chris|Kuggeleijn}}||1988||2||4||-||7||7||1.75||97||2||67||1||1/50||67.00||1||-
|-
||168||{{sortname|Chris|Cairns}}||1989–2004||62||104||5||3320||158||33.54||11698||414||6410||218||7/27||29.40||14||-
|-
||169||{{sortname|Shane|Thomson}}||1990–1995||19||35||4||958||120*||30.90||1990||74||953||19||3/63||50.16||7||-
|-
||170||{{sortname|Mark|Priest}}||1990–1998||3||4||-||56||26||14.00||377||15||158||3||2/42||52.67||-||-
|-
||171||{{sortname|Adam|Parore}}||1990–2002||78||128||19||2865||110||26.28||-||-||-||-||-||-||197||7
|-
||172||{{sortname|Grant|Bradburn}}||1990–2001||7||10||2||105||30*||13.13||867||28||460||6||3/134||76.67||6||-
|-
||173||{{sortname|Chris|Pringle}}||1990–1995||14||21||4||175||30||10.29||2985||113||1389||30||7/52||46.30||3||-
|-
||174||{{sortname|David|White|dab=New Zealand cricketer}}||1990||2||4||-||31||18||7.75||3||-||5||-||-||-||-||-
|-
||175||{{sortname|Blair|Hartland}}||1992–1994||9||18||-||303||52||16.83||-||-||-||-||-||-||5||-
|-
||176||{{sortname|Murphy|Su'a}}||1992–1995||13||18||5||165||44||12.69||2843||92||1377||36||5/73||38.25||8||-
|-
||177||{{sortname|Rod|Latham}}||1992–1993||4||7||-||219||119||31.29||18||2||6||-||-||-||5||-
|-
||178||{{sortname|Simon|Doull}}||1992–2000||32||50||11||570||46||14.62||6053||251||2872||98||7/65||29.31||16||-
|-
||179||{{sortname|Mark|Haslam}}||1992–1995||4||2||1||4||3||4.00||493||19||245||2||1/33||122.50||2||-
|-
||180||{{sortname|Dion|Nash}}||1992–2001||32||45||14||729||89*||23.52||6196||312||2649||93||6/27||28.48||13||-
|-
||181||{{sortname|Chris|Harris|dab=cricketer}}||1992–2002||23||42||4||777||71||20.45||2560||106||1170||16||2/16||73.13||14||-
|-
||182||{{sortname|Michael|Owens|dab=cricketer}}||1992–1994||8||12||6||16||8*||2.67||1074||42||585||17||4/99||34.41||3||-
|-
||183||{{sortname|Justin|Vaughan}}||1992–1997||6||12||1||201||44||18.27||1040||41||450||11||4/27||40.91||4||-
|-
||184||{{sortname|Blair|Pocock}}||1993–1997||15||29||-||665||85||22.93||24||-||20||-||-||-||5||-
|-
||185||{{sortname|Richard|de Groen}}||1993–1994||5||10||4||45||26||7.50||1060||44||505||11||3/40||45.91||-||-
|-
||186||{{sortname|Bryan|Young|dab=cricketer}}||1993–1999||35||68||4||2034||267*||31.78||-||-||-||-||-||-||54||-
|-
||187||{{sortname|Matthew|Hart}}||1994–1995||14||24||4||353||45||17.65||3086||127||1438||29||5/77||49.59||9||-
|-
||188||{{sortname|Stephen|Fleming}}||1994–2008||111||189||10||7172||274*||40.06||-||-||-||-||-||-||171||-
|-
||189||{{sortname|Heath|Davis}}||1994–1997||5||7||4||20||8*||6.67||1010||26||499||17||5/63||29.35||4||-
|-
||190||{{sortname|Gavin|Larsen}}||1994–1996||8||13||4||127||26*||14.11||1967||109||689||24||3/57||28.71||5||-
|-
||191||{{sortname|Darrin|Murray}}||1994–1995||8||16||1||303||52||20.20||-||-||-||-||-||-||6||-
|-
||192||{{sortname|Kerry|Walmsley}}||1995–2000||3||5||-||13||5||2.60||774||26||391||9||3/70||43.44||-||-
|-
||193||{{sortname|Lee|Germon}}||1995–1997||12||21||3||382||55||21.22||-||-||-||-||-||-||27||2
|-
||194||{{sortname|Roger|Twose}}||1995–1999||16||27||2||628||94||25.12||211||2||130||3||2/36||43.33||5||-
|-
||195||{{sortname|Craig|Spearman}}||1995–2000||19||37||2||922||112||26.34||-||-||-||-||-||-||21||-
|-
||196||{{sortname|Geoff|Allott}}||1996–1999||10||15||7||27||8*||3.38||2023||62||1111||19||4/74||58.47||2||-
|-
||197||{{sortname|Nathan|Astle}}||1996–2006||81||137||10||4702||222||37.02||5688||317||2143||51||3/27||42.01||70||-
|-
||198||{{sortname|Robert|Kennedy|dab=cricketer}}||1996||4||5||1||28||22||7.00||636||17||380||6||3/28||63.33||2||-
|-
||199||{{sortname|Greg|Loveridge}}||1996||1||1||1||4||4*||-||-||-||-||-||-||-||-||-
|-
||200||{{sortname|Daniel|Vettori}}||1997–2014||112 {{#tag:ref|[[Daniel Vettori]] has also played Test cricket for the [[ICC Super Series|ICC World XI]]. Only his record for [[New Zealand cricket team|New Zealand]] is shown above.|name=Daniel Vettori|group=note}}||172||22||4523||140||30.15||28652||1187||12330||361||7/87||34.15||58||-
|-
||201||{{sortname|Matt|Horne}}||1997–2003||35||65||2||1788||157||28.38||66||7||26||-||-||-||17||-
|-
||202||{{sortname|Shayne|O'Connor}}||1997–2001||19||27||9||103||20||5.72||3667||149||1724||53||5/51||32.53||6||-
|-
||203||{{sortname|David|Sewell}}||1997||1||1||1||1||1*||-||138||3||90||-||-||-||-||-
|-
||204||{{sortname|Craig|McMillan}}||1997–2005||55||91||10||3116||142||38.47||2502||101||1257||28||3/48||44.89||22||-
|-
||205||{{sortname|Paul|Wiseman}}||1998–2005||25||34||8||366||36||14.08||5660||209||2903||61||5/82||47.59||11||-
|-
||206||{{sortname|Matthew|Bell|dab=cricketer}}||1998–2008||18||32||2||729||107||24.30||-||-||-||-||-||-||19||-
|-
||207||{{sortname|Gary|Stead}}||1999||5||8||-||278||78||34.75||6||-||1||-||-||-||2||-
|-
||208||{{sortname|Mathew|Sinclair}}||1999–2010||33||56||5||1635||214||32.05||42||2||14||-||-||-||31||-
|-
||209||{{sortname|Daryl|Tuffey}}||2000–2010||26||36||10||427||80*||16.42||4877||220||2445||77||6/54||31.75||15||-
|-
||210||{{sortname|Mark|Richardson|dab=cricketer}}||2000–2004||38||65||3||2776||145||44.77||66||-||21||1||1/16||21.00||26||-
|-
||211||{{sortname|Chris|Martin|dab=cricketer}}||2000–2013||71||104||52||123||12*||2.36||14026||486||7878||233||6/26||33.81||14||-
|-
||212||{{sortname|Brooke|Walker|dab=cricketer}}||2000–2002||5||8||2||118||27*||19.67||669||17||399||5||2/92||79.80||-||-
|-
||213||{{sortname|Hamish|Marshall}}||2000–2006||13||19||2||652||160||38.35||6||-||4||-||-||-||1||-
|-
||214||{{sortname|James|Franklin|dab=cricketer}}||2001–2013||31||46||7||808||122*||20.71||4767||143||2786||82||6/119||33.97||12||-
|-
||215||{{sortname|Chris|Drum}}||2001–2002||5||5||2||10||4||3.33||806||27||482||16||3/36||30.13||4||-
|-
||216||{{sortname|Shane|Bond}}||2001–2009||18||20||7||168||41*||12.92||3372||113||1922||87||6/51||22.09||8||-
|-
||217||{{sortname|Lou|Vincent}}||2001–2007||23||40||1||1332||224||34.15||6||-||2||-||-||-||19||-
|-
||218||{{sortname|Ian|Butler|dab=cricketer}}||2002–2004||8||10||2||76||26||9.50||1368||37||884||24||6/46||36.83||4||-
|-
||219||{{sortname|Andre|Adams}}||2002||1||2||-||18||11||9.00||190||5||105||6||3/44||17.50||1||-
|-
||220||{{sortname|Robbie|Hart|dab=cricketer}}||2002–2003||11||19||3||260||57*||16.25||-||-||-||-||-||-||29||1
|-
||221||{{sortname|Scott|Styris}}||2002–2007||29||48||4||1586||170||36.04||1966||76||1023||20||3/28||51.15||23||-
|-
||222||{{sortname|Jacob|Oram}}||2002–2009||33||59||10||1780||133||36.32||4964||240||1983||60||4/41||33.05||15||-
|-
||223||{{sortname|Richard|Jones|dab=New Zealand cricketer}}||2003||1||2||-||23||16||11.50||-||-||-||-||-||-||-||-
|-
||224||{{sortname|Brendon|McCullum}}||2004–2016||101||176||9||6453||302||38.64||175||5||88||1||1/1||88.00||198||11
|-
||225||{{sortname|Michael|Papps}}||2004–2007||8||16||1||246||86||16.40||-||-||-||-||-||-||11||-
|-
||226||{{sortname|Michael|Mason|dab=cricketer}}||2004||1||2||-||3||3||1.50||132||5||105||-||-||-||-||-
|-
||227||{{sortname|Kyle|Mills}}||2004–2009||19||30||5||289||57||11.56||2902||118||1453||44||4/16||33.02||4||-
|-
||228||{{sortname|Craig|Cumming}}||2005–2008||11||19||2||441||74||25.94||-||-||-||-||-||-||3||-
|-
||229||{{sortname|Iain|O'Brien}}||2005–2009||22||34||5||219||31||7.55||4394||158||2429||73||6/75||33.27||7||-
|-
||230||{{sortname|James|Marshall|dab=cricketer}}||2005||7||11||-||218||52||19.81||-||-||-||-||-||-||5||-
|-
||231||{{sortname|Peter|Fulton}}||2006–2013||17||28||1||843||136||31.22||-||-||-||-||-||-||17||-
|-
||232||{{sortname|Jamie|How}}||2006–2009||19||35||1||772||92||22.70||12||1||4||-||-||-||18||-
|-
||233||{{sortname|Jeetan|Patel}}||2006–2017||24||38||8||381||47||12.70||5833||202||3078||65||5/110||47.35||13||-
|-
||234||{{sortname|Ross|Taylor}}||2007–2022||112||196||24||7683||290||44.66||99||3||48||3||2/4||16.00||163||-
|-
||235||{{sortname|Mark|Gillespie|dab=New Zealand cricketer}}||2007–2012||5||8||1||76||27||10.85||868||24||631||22||6/113||28.68||1||-
|-
||236||{{sortname|Grant|Elliott}}||2008–2009||5||9||1||86||25||10.75||282||9||140||4||2/8||35.00||2||-
|-
||237||{{sortname|Tim|Southee}}||2008–2024||107||156||11||2245||77*||15.48||23490||889||11832||391||7/64||30.26||86||-
|-
||238||{{sortname|Daniel|Flynn|dab=cricketer}}||2008–2013||24||45||5||1038||95||25.95||6||1||0||-||-||-||10||-
|-
||239||{{sortname|Aaron|Redmond}}||2008||7||14||1||299||83||23.00||73||2||62||3||2/47||20.66||5||-
|-
||240||{{sortname|Gareth|Hopkins}}||2008–2012||4||7||1||71||15||11.82||-||-||-||-||-||-||9||-
|-
||241||{{sortname|Jesse|Ryder}}||2008–2011||18||33||2||1269||201||40.93||492||23||280||5||2/7||56.00||12||-
|-
||242||{{sortname|Tim|McIntosh|dab=cricketer}}||2008–2011||17||33||2||854||136||27.54||||-||-||-||-||-||10||-
|-
||243||{{sortname|Martin|Guptill}}||2009–2016||47||89||1||2586||189||29.38||428||3||298||8||3/11||37.25||50||-
|-
||244||{{sortname|BJ|Watling}}||2009–2021||75||117||16||3790||205||37.52||-||-||-||-||-||-||267||8
|-
||245||{{sortname|Peter|Ingram}}||2010||2||4||-||61||42||15.25||-||-||-||-||-||-||-||-
|-
||246||{{sortname|Brent|Arnel}}||2010–2012||6||12||4||45||8*||5.62||1008||37||566||9||4/95||62.88||3||-
|-
||247||{{sortname|Hamish|Bennett|dab=cricketer}}||2010||1||1||-||4||4||4.00||90||2||47||-||-||-||-||-
|-
||248||'''{{sortname|Kane|Williamson}}'''||2010–||108||192||19||9461||251||54.68||2151||48||1207||30||4/44||40.23||92||-
|-
||249||{{sortname|Andy|McKay}}||2010||1||2||1||25||20*||25.00||186||5||120||1||1/120||120.00||-||-
|-
||250||{{sortname|Reece|Young}}||2011||5||10||3||169||57||24.14||-||-||-||-||-||-||8||-
|-
||251||{{sortname|Doug|Bracewell}}||2011–2023||28||45||4||568||47||13.85||5164||157||2873||74||6/40||38.82||11||-
|-
||252||{{sortname|Dean|Brownlie}}||2011–2013||14||25||1||711||109||29.62||66||-||52||1||1/13||52.00||17||-
|-
||253||{{sortname|Trent|Boult}}||2011–2022||78||94||46||759||52*||15.81||17417||656||8717||317||6/30||27.49||43||-
|-
||254||{{sortname|Rob|Nicol}}||2012||2||4||-||28||19||7.00||17||1||13||-||-||-||2||-
|-
||255||{{sortname|Kruger|van Wyk}}||2012||9||17||1||341||71||21.31||-||-||-||-||-||-||23||1
|-
||256||{{sortname|Neil|Wagner}}||2012–2024||64||84||24||875||66*||14.58||13725||473||7169||260||7/39||27.57||19||-
|-
||257||{{sortname|Todd|Astle}}||2012–2020||5||6||1||98||35||19.60||667||16||368||7||3/39||52.57||3||-
|-
||258||{{sortname|Colin|Munro}}||2013||1||2||-||15||15||7.50||108||4||40||2||2/40||20.00||-||-
|-
||259||{{sortname|Bruce|Martin}}||2013||5||6||1||74||41||14.80||1518||77||646||12||4/43||53.83||-||-
|-
||260||{{sortname|Hamish|Rutherford}}||2013–2015||16||29||1||755||171||26.96||6||-||2||-||-||-||6||-
|-
||261||{{sortname|Corey|Anderson|dab=cricketer}}||2013–2016||13||22||1||683||116||32.52||1302||34||659||16||3/47||41.18||7||-
|-
||262||'''{{sortname|Ish|Sodhi}}'''||2013–||21||31||4||561||65||20.77||4043||91||2500||58||6/86||43.10||11||-
|-
||263||'''{{sortname|Tom|Latham|dab=cricketer}}'''||2014–||91||164||6||6261||264*||39.62||-||-||-||-||-||-||111||0
|-
||264||{{sortname|James|Neesham}}||2014–2017||12||22||1||709||137*||33.76||1076||18||675||14||3/42||48.21||12||-
|-
||265||{{sortname|Mark|Craig}}||2014–2016||15||25||9||589||67||36.81||3669||100||2326||50||7/94||46.52||14||-
|-
||266||'''{{sortname|Matt|Henry|dab=cricketer}}'''||2015–||33||45||6||670||72||17.17||7299||255||3799||140||7/23||27.13||13||-
|-
||267||{{sortname|Luke|Ronchi}}||2015–2016||4||8||0||319||88||39.87||-||-||-||-||-||-||5||-
|-
||268||'''{{sortname|Mitchell|Santner}}'''||2015–||32||44||2||1085||126||25.83||5551||188||2603||78||7/53||33.37||26||-
|-
||269||'''{{sortname|Henry|Nicholls|dab=cricketer}}'''|||2016–||58||90||9||3161||200*||39.02||-||-||-||-||-||-||36||-
|-
||270||{{sortname|Colin|de Grandhomme}}|||2016–2022||29||44||7||1432||120*||38.70||4054||163||1615||49||6/41||32.95||19||-
|-
||271||{{sortname|Jeet|Raval}}|||2016–2020||24||39||1||1143||132||30.07||84||1||34||1||1/33||34.00||21||-
|-
||272||{{sortname|Neil|Broom}}|||2017||2||3||0||32||20||10.66||-||-||-||-||-||-||0||-
|-
||273||'''{{sortname|Tom|Blundell|dab=cricketer}}'''|||2017–||44||72||7||2173||138||33.43||18||0||13||0||-||-||113||16
|-
||274||'''{{sortname|Ajaz|Patel}}'''|||2018–||22||32||13||219||35||11.52||5020||160||2623||91||10/119||28.82||10||-
|-
||275||{{sortname|Will|Somerville|dab=cricketer}}|||2018–2021||6||10||2||115||40*||14.37||1466||34||724||15||4/75||48.26||0||-
|-
||276||'''{{sortname|Daryl|Mitchell|dab=New Zealand cricketer}}'''|||2019–||35||55||5||2175||190||43.50||775||30||398||4||1/7||99.50||50||-
|-
||277||{{sortname|Lockie|Ferguson}}|||2019||1||2||2||1||1*||-||66||1||47||-||-||-||0||-
|-
||278||'''{{sortname|Glenn|Phillips|dab=cricketer}}'''|||2020–||17||29||5||775||87||32.29||1722||26||1024||33||5/45||31.03||18||-
|-
||279||'''{{sortname|Kyle|Jamieson}}'''|||2020–||19||26||4||432||51*||19.63||3558||187||1579||80||6/48||19.73||5||-
|-
||280||'''{{sortname|Will|Young|dab=cricketer}}'''|||2020–||23||41||3||1215||89||31.97||-||-||-||-||-||-||26||-
|-
||281||'''{{sortname|Devon|Conway}}'''|||2021–||32||60||2||2533||227||43.67||-||-||-||-||-||-||15||-
|-
||282||'''{{sortname|Rachin|Ravindra}}'''|||2021–||20||37||5||1526||240||47.68||1026||34||515||11||3/33||46.81||11||-
|-
||283||'''{{sortname|Michael|Bracewell|dab=cricketer}}'''|||2022–||10||17||1||339||74*||21.18||1995||52||1198||25||4/75||47.92||14||-
|-
||284||'''{{sortname|Scott|Kuggeleijn}}'''|||2023–||3||6||0||92||44||15.33||354||4||294||6||2/75||49.00||1||-
|-
||285||'''{{sortname|Blair|Tickner}}'''|||2023–||4||3||2||13||8||13.00||731||13||467||16||4/32||29.18||1||-
|-
||286||'''{{sortname|William|O'Rourke|dab=cricketer}}'''|||2024–||11||19||13||18||5*||3.00||1562||59||947||39||5/34||24.28||6||-
|-
||287||'''{{sortname|Ben|Sears}}'''|||2024–||1||2||2||0||0*||-||198||5||161||5||4/90||32.20||1||-
|-
||288||'''{{sortname|Nathan|Smith|dab=New Zealand cricketer}}'''|||2024–||4||6||1||125||42||25.00||518||15||398||10||4/86||39.80||0||-
|-
|289
|[[Jacob Duffy|'''Jacob Duffy''']]
|2025–
|4
|5
|1
|78
|36
|19.50
|1030
|46
|407
|25
|5/34
|16.28
|2
| -
|-
|290
|[[Matthew Fisher (New Zealand cricketer)|'''Matthew Fisher''']]
|2025–
|1
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
|71
|1
|38
|2
|1/16
|19.00
|0
| -
|-
|291
|[[Zak Foulkes|'''Zak Foulkes''']]
|2025–
|4
|4
|2
|39
|23*
|19.50
|768
|29
|369
|13
|5/37
|28.38
|3
| -
|-
|292
|'''[[Mitchell Hay]]'''
|2025–
|1
|1
|0
|61
|61
|61.00
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
|3
|0
|-
|293
|'''[[Michael Rae]]'''
|2025–
|1
|1
|0
|13
|13
|13.00
|180
|7
|111
|6
|3/45
|18.50
|2
| -
|}

== Shirt Number History ==
From the [[2019 Ashes series|2019 Ashes Series]], names and numbers were introduced on all Test player's shirts.<ref>{{Cite web |title=New look revealed for Test shirts |url=https://www.cricket.com.au/news/test-whites-names-numbers-australia-a-tim-paine-ashes-test-championship/2019-07-08 |access-date=2023-07-06 |website=cricket.com.au |language=en}}</ref> This is for the [[World Test Championship|ICC World Test Championship]] that is played between the top nine cricket nations over two years. The top two nations at the end of the two years play in the Final, where the Winner is the World Test Champion.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-10-13 |title=Test, ODI leagues approved by ICC Board |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/test-odi-leagues-approved-by-icc-board-1123784 |access-date=2023-07-06 |website=ESPNcricinfo |language=en}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!S/N
!Current Player
!Past Player(s)
|-
|1
|[[Jeet Raval]]
|-
| 2
| [[Will O'Rourke ]]
|-
|3
|
|[[Ross Taylor]] (2019–2022)
|-
|4
|[[Michael Bracewell (cricketer)|Michael Bracewell]]
|
|-
|8
|[[Rachin Ravindra]]
|
|-
|10
|[[Nathan Smith (New Zealand cricketer)|Nathan Smith]]
|[[Neil Wagner]] (2019-2023)
|-
| 12
| [[ Kyle Jamieson ]]
|
|-
|13
|[[Blair Tickner]]
|-
| 14
| [[ Ben Sears ]]
|
|-
|18
|[[Trent Boult]]
|
|-
|21
|[[Matt Henry (cricketer)|Matt Henry]]
|
|-
|22
|[[Kane Williamson]]
|
|-
|23
|[[Glenn Phillips (cricketer)|Glenn Phillips]]
|
|-
|24
|[[Ajaz Patel]]
|
|-
|28
|
|[[Will Somerville (cricketer)|William Somerville]]
|-
|32
|[[Will Young (cricketer)|Will Young]]
|
|-
|34
|[[Doug Bracewell]]
|
|-
|38
|[[Tim Southee]]
|
|-
|47
|
|[[BJ Watling]]
|-
|48
|[[Tom Latham (cricketer)|Tom Latham]]
|
|-
|61
|[[Ish Sodhi]]
|
|-
|66
|[[Tom Blundell (cricketer)|Tom Blundell]]
|
|-
|68
|[[Scott Kuggeleijn]]
|
|-
|74
|[[Mitchell Santner]]
|
|-
|75
|[[Daryl Mitchell (New Zealand cricketer)|Daryl Mitchell]]
|
|-
|77
|
|[[Colin de Grandhomme]]
|-
|86
|[[Henry Nicholls (cricketer)|Henry Nicholls]]
|
|-
|87
|[[Lockie Ferguson]]
|
|-
|88
|[[Devon Conway]]
|
|}

== See also ==

* [[List of New Zealand ODI cricketers]]
* [[List of New Zealand Twenty20 International cricketers]]
* [[New Zealand national cricket team]]
* [[List of New Zealand Test cricket records]]

== Notes ==
{{Reflist|group=note}}

== External links ==
* [http://content.cricinfo.com/newzealand/content/player/caps.html?country=5;class=1 Cricinfo]
* [http://www.howstat.com.au/cricket/Statistics/Players/PlayerCountryList.asp Howstat]

{{Lists of New Zealand cricketers}}
{{International cricketers}}
{{Cricket in New Zealand}}

[[Category:New Zealand Test cricketers|*]]
[[Category:Lists of New Zealand cricketers|Test]]
[[Category:Lists of Test cricketers|New Zealand]]

Koraput Lok Sabha constituency

2026-01-27T07:07:19Z

FinlayPulido6: started basic info more to come - done

{{Short description|Lok Sabha constituency in Odisha}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2021}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| type = LS
| name = Koraput (ST) {{Small|OD-21}}
| map_image = {{Maplink|frame=yes|plain=y|frame-width=300|frame-height=300|frame-align=center|type=shape|from=Lok Sabha constituencies/2019/Odisha/Koraput.map}}
| map_caption = Interactive Map Outlining Koraput Lok Sabha constituency
| state = [[Odisha]]
| established = 1952
| reservation = ST
| electors = 14,81,642{{efn|as on 2024}}{{efn|as data published by election commission}}
| incumbent_image = Saptagiri Sankar Ulaka MP 2024.jpg
| mp = [[Saptagiri Sankar Ulaka]]
| party = {{flagicon image|Indian National Congress Flag.svg}}[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
| latest_election_year = [[2024 Indian general election|2024]]
| assembly_cons = [[Gunupur Assembly constituency|Gunupur]] [[Bissam Cuttack Assembly constituency|Bissam Cuttack]] [[Rayagada Assembly constituency|Rayagada]] [[Laxmipur Assembly constituency|Lakshmipur]] [[Jeypore Assembly constituency|Jeypore]] [[Koraput Assembly constituency|Koraput]] [[Pottangi Assembly constituency|Pottangi]]
}}

'''Koraput''' is a [[Lok Sabha]] parliamentary [[constituency]] in [[Odisha]]. It's considered a bastion of [[Indian National Congress]] as it has won this seat for a record 16 times out of 18 elections including one bypoll . Former Chief Minister of Odisha [[Giridhar Gamang]] has represented this constituency for a record 9 times from 1972 to 2004.

==Assembly Segments==

Assembly constituencies which constitute this parliamentary constituency are:<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://archive.eci.gov.in/se2000/background/S18/Orissa_AC_Dist_PC.pdf
|title=Assembly Constituencies - Corresponding Districts and Parliamentary Constituencies of Orissa
|publisher=Election Commission of India
|access-date=2008-09-20
|url-status=dead
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090304184320/http://archive.eci.gov.in/se2000/background/S18/Orissa_AC_Dist_PC.pdf
|archive-date=March 4, 2009
}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
!#
!Name
!District
!Member
! colspan="2" |Party
! colspan="2" |Leading
{{small|(in 2024)}}
|-
|138
|[[Gunupur Assembly constituency|Gunupur]] (ST)
| rowspan="3" |[[Rayagada district|Rayagada]]
|[[Satyajeet Gomango]]
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=5}}
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=7}}
|-
|139
|[[Bissam Cuttack Assembly constituency|Bissam Cuttack]] (ST)
|[[Nilamadhab Hikaka]]
|-
|140
|[[Rayagada Assembly constituency|Rayagada]] (ST)
|[[Kadraka Appala Swamy]]
|-
|141
|[[Laxmipur Assembly constituency|Lakshmipur]] (ST)
| rowspan="4" |[[Koraput district|Koraput]]
|[[Pabitra Saunta]]
|-
|143
|[[Jeypore Assembly constituency|Jeypore]]
|[[Tara Prasad Bahinipati]]
|-
|144
|[[Koraput Assembly constituency|Koraput]] (SC)
|[[Raghuram Machha]]
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|145
|[[Pottangi Assembly constituency|Pottangi]] (ST)
|[[Rama Chandra Kadam]]
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|}

== Elected members ==

{{bar box
|float=right
|title= Vote share of winning candidates
|titlebar=#ddd
|width=300px
|barwidth=275px
|bars=
{{bar percent|2024|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|41.03}}
{{bar percent|2019|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|34.34}}
{{bar percent|2014|{{party color|Biju Janata Dal}}|30.39}}
{{bar percent|2009|{{party color|Biju Janata Dal}}|25.68}}
{{bar percent|2004|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|45.5}}
{{bar percent|1999|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|50.33}}
{{bar percent|1998|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|53.92}}
{{bar percent|1996|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|57.59}}
{{bar percent|1991|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|66.14}}
{{bar percent|1989|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|56.41}}
{{bar percent|1984|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|68.52}}
{{bar percent|1980|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|64.6}}
{{bar percent|1977|{{party color|Indian National Congress (I)}}|55.06}}
{{bar percent|1971|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|42.84}}
}}

Since its formation in 1952, 18 elections have been held till date including one bypoll in 1972.

List of members elected from Koraput constituency are:

{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year
! Name
! colspan=2|Party
|-
| colspan="4"| {{center|''As Rayagada Phulbani Constituency''}}
|-
|[[1952 Indian general election|1952]]
|[[T. Sanganna]]
|{{full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| colspan="4"| {{center|''As Koraput Constituency''}}
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[1957 Indian general election|1957]]{{efn|It was a 2 member constituency}}
|[[Jagannath Rao|R. Jagannath Rao]]
|{{full party name with color|rowspan=7|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[T. Sanganna]]
|-
|[[1962 Indian general election|1962]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Ramachandra Ulaka]]
|-
|[[1967 Indian general election|1967]]
|-
|[[1971 Indian general election|1971]]
|[[Bhagirathi Gamang]]
|-
|1972 (bypoll){{efn|Resignation of [[Bhagirathi Gamang]]}}
| rowspan="8" |[[Giridhar Gamang]]
|-
|[[1977 Indian general election|1977]]
|-
|[[1980 Indian general election|1980]]
|{{full party name with color|Indian National Congress (I)|dab=yes}}
|-
|[[1984 Indian general election|1984]]
|{{full party name with color|rowspan=7|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[1989 Indian general election|1989]]
|-
|[[1991 Indian general election|1991]]
|-
|[[1996 Indian general election|1996]]
|-
|[[1998 Indian general election|1998]]
|-
|[[1999 Indian general election|1999]]
|[[Hema Gamang]]
|-
|[[2004 Indian general election|2004]]
|[[Giridhar Gamang]]
|-
|[[2009 Indian general election|2009]]<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=IndiaVotes PC: Koraput 2009 |url=https://www.indiavotes.com/pc/www.indiavotes.com/pc/detailsearch?eid=15&pcname=Koraput&submit= |access-date=2025-07-06 |website=IndiaVotes}}</ref>
|[[Jayaram Pangi]]
|{{full party name with color|rowspan=2|Biju Janata Dal}}
|-
|[[2014 Indian general election|2014]]<ref name=":1" />
|[[Jhina Hikaka]]
|-
|[[2019 Indian general election|2019]]<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=IndiaVotes PC: Koraput 2019 |url=https://www.indiavotes.com/pc/www.indiavotes.com/pc/detailsearch?eid=17&pcname=Koraput&submit= |access-date=2025-07-06 |website=IndiaVotes}}</ref>
|rowspan=2|[[Saptagiri Sankar Ulaka]]
|{{full party name with color|rowspan =2|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[2024 Indian general election|2024]]<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Koraput (ST) lok sabha election results 2024: Koraput (ST) Winning Candidates List and Vote Share |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/lok-sabha/odisha/koraput-st-constituency-result-18521 |access-date=2025-07-06 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>
|}

==Election results==

=== 2024 ===
Voting were held on 13th May 2024 in 4th phase of Indian General Election. Counting of votes was on 4th June 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |title=General Election to Legislative Assembly of Odisha 2024 |url=https://elections24.eci.gov.in/election-details-odisa.html |website=[[Election Commission of India|ECI]] |access-date=1 June 2024 |archive-date=7 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240507223908/https://elections24.eci.gov.in/election-details-odisa.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> In 2024 election, [[Indian National Congress]] candidate [[Saptagiri Shankar Ulaka]] defeated [[Biju Janata Dal]] candidate Kausalya Hikaka by a margin of 1,47,744 votes.<ref name=":3" />
{{Election box begin |
|title = [[2024 Indian general election]]: [[Koraput]]<ref name="Koraput Constituency Lok Sabha Election Result 2024">{{cite news |title=Koraput Constituency Lok Sabha Election Result 2024 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/lok-sabha-constituencies/odisha/koraput |access-date=24 March 2025 |publisher=The Times of India |date=4 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250324144036/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/lok-sabha-constituencies/odisha/koraput |archive-date=24 March 2025 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="2024 Loksabha Elections Results - Koraput">{{cite news |title=2024 Loksabha Elections Results - Koraput |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/PcResultGenJune2024/candidateswise-S1821.htm |access-date=24 March 2025 |publisher=Election Commission of India |date=4 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250324144147/https://results.eci.gov.in/PcResultGenJune2024/candidateswise-S1821.htm |archive-date=24 March 2025}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = [[Saptagiri Sankar Ulaka]]
|votes = 471,393
|percentage = 41.03
|change = {{increase}}6.67
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Biju Janata Dal
|candidate = Kausalya Hikaka
|votes = 323,649
|percentage = 28.17
|change = {{decrease}}5.85
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Kaliram Majhi
|votes = 232,514
|percentage = 20.24
|change = {{increase}}0.95
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = None of the above
|candidate = None of the above
|votes = 37,131
|percentage = 3.23
|change = {{decrease}}0.15
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 147,744
|percentage = 12.86
|change = {{increase}}12.52
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 11,55,221
|percentage = 77.97
|change = {{increase}}2.62
}}
{{Election box hold with party link no swing|
|winner = Indian National Congress
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2019 ===
In 2019 election, [[Indian National Congress]] candidate [[Saptagiri Shankar Ulaka]] defeated [[Biju Janata Dal]] candidate Kausalya Hikaka by a margin of 3,613 votes.<ref name=":2" />

{{Election box begin|
|title = [[2019 Indian general elections]]: [[Koraput]]}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = [[Saptagiri Shankar Ulaka]]
|votes = 371,129
|percentage = 34.36
|change = {{decrease}}3.62
|Symbol =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Biju Janata Dal
|candidate = Kausalya Hikaka
|votes = 367,516
|percentage = 34.02
|change = {{decrease}}5.91
|Symbol =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Jayaram Pangi]]
|votes = 208,398
|percentage = 19.29
|change = {{increase}}10.20
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = None of the above
|candidate = None of the above
|votes = 36,561
|percentage = 3.38
|change = 0.02
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Bhaskar Mutuka
|votes = 35,764
|percentage = 3.31
|change = 0.22
|Symbol =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Ambedkarite Party of India
|candidate = Banamali Majhi
|votes = 18,849
|percentage = 1.75
|change = 0.25
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation
|candidate = Damodara Sabar
|votes = 26,117
|percentage = 2.42
|change = 1.07
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Red Star
|candidate = Rajendra Kendruka
|votes = 15,827
|percentage = 1.47
|change = +0.5
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 3,613
|percentage = 0.34
|change = {{decrease}}1.61
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 1,080,669
|percentage = 75.34
|change = {{up}}2.19
}}
{{Election box gain with party link no swing|
|winner = Indian National Congress
|loser = Biju Janata Dal
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2014 ===
In 2014 election, [[Biju Janata Dal]] candidate [[Jhina Hikaka]] defeated [[Indian National Congress]] candidate [[Giridhar Gamang]] by a margin of 19,328 votes.<ref name=":1">{{cite web|title=Odisha Result Status|url=http://eciresults.nic.in/statewiseS18.htm?st=S18|publisher=ELECTION COMMISSION OF INDIA|access-date=31 May 2014|archive-date=28 May 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140528011759/http://eciresults.nic.in/statewiseS18.htm?st=S18|url-status=dead}}</ref>

{{Election box begin |
|title = [[2014 Indian general elections]]: [[Koraput]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://eciresults.nic.in/ConstituencywiseS1821.htm?ac=21|title=Election Commission of India}}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Lok Sabha Election 2014 - Orissa, Constituency: Koraput(21)|url=http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/Pconstituency.aspx?eid=987&cid=21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170917041123/http://empoweringindia.org/new/Pconstituency.aspx?eid=987&cid=21|url-status=usurped|archive-date=17 September 2017|publisher=EmpoweringIndia.org|access-date=31 May 2014}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Biju Janata Dal
|candidate = [[Jhina Hikaka]]
|votes = 395,109
|percentage = 39.93
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = [[Giridhar Gamang]]
|votes = 375,781
|percentage = 37.98
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Shibashankar Ulka
|votes = 89,788
|percentage = 9.07
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Praska Renga
|votes = 34,957
|percentage = 3.53
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above]]
|votes = 33,232
|percentage = 3.36
|change = ''-''
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 19,328
|percentage = 1.95
|change = ''-''
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 990,657
|percentage = 76.18
|change =
}}
{{Election box Registered electors
|reg. electors = 1,300,437
}}
{{Election box hold with party link no swing|
|winner = Biju Janata Dal
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2009 ===
In 2009 election, [[Biju Janata Dal]] candidate [[Jayaram Pangi]] defeated [[Indian National Congress]] candidate [[Giridhar Gamang]] by a margin of 96,360 votes.<ref name=":0" />

{{Election box begin|
|title=[[2009 Indian general elections]]: [[Koraput]]}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Biju Janata Dal
|candidate = [[Jayaram Pangi]]
|votes = 312,776
|percentage = 41.00
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = [[Giridhar Gamang]]
|votes = 216,416
|percentage = 28.37
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Upendra Majhi
|votes = 111,690
|percentage = 14.64
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 96,360
|percentage = 12.63
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 762,826
|percentage = 62.64
|change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link no swing|
|winner = Biju Janata Dal
|loser = Indian National Congress
}}
{{Election box end}}

==Notes==
{{Noteslist}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://www.indiaelections2014.info/parliament/2019/states/odisha/koraput/lok_sabha_parliamentary_election_2019_dates.html Koraput lok sabha constituency election 2019 date and schedule]

{{Lok Sabha constituencies of Orissa}}
{{Odisha elections}}
{{coord |18.814545|82.708125|display=title}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Koraput Lok Sabha constituency}}
[[Category:Lok Sabha constituencies in Odisha]]
[[Category:Koraput district]]
[[Category:Rayagada district]]

Sri Sathya Sai district

2026-01-23T02:09:24Z

FinlayPulido6: Revised and enhanced article content

{{Short description|District in Andhra Pradesh, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2022}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Sri Sathya Sai district
| settlement_type = [[List of districts of Andhra Pradesh|District]] of [[Andhra Pradesh]]
| image_skyline = Shiva's Bull at Lepakshi (Lepakshi Nandi).jpg
| image_caption = Nandi at [[Lepakshi]]
| image_map = Sri Sathya Sai in Andhra Pradesh (India).svg
| mapframe = yes
| mapframe-zoom = 7
| mapframe-wikidata = yes
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{IND}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and union territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = {{Flag icon image|Emblem of Andhra Pradesh.svg}} [[Andhra Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[list of regions in India|Region]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Rayalaseema]]
| named_for = [[Sathya Sai Baba]]
| coordinates = {{coord|14.16|77.81|display=title,inline}}
| coor_pinpoint = Puttaparthi
| seat_type = Headquarters
| seat = [[Puttaparthi]]
| seat1_type = Largest city
| seat1 = [[Hindupur]]am
| parts_type = Administrative Divisions
| parts = {{bulleted list|
| [[List of revenue divisions in Andhra Pradesh|5 revenue divisions]]
| [[List of mandals of Andhra Pradesh|32 Mandalas]]
| 467 [[villages]]
}}
| native_name = 
| government_footnotes =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| leader_party =
| leader_title = [[District collector]]
| leader_name = Shyam prasad,{{small| I.A.S. }}<ref>{{Cite web | title=Sri Sathyasai District {{!}} Welcome to Sri Sathyasai District {{!}} India | url=https://srisathyasai.ap.gov.in | access-date=2025-08-29 | website=srisathyasai.ap.gov.in}}</ref>
| leader_title1 = [[List of constituencies of the Lok Sabha#Andhra Pradesh (25)|Lok Sabha constituencies]]
| leader_name1 = [[Hindupur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Hindupuram]]
| leader_title2=
[[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha|MP]]
| leader_name2=
[[B K Parthasarathi]]
| leader_title3 = [[Vidhan Sabha|Assembly constituencies]]
| leader_name3 = [[List of constituencies of the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly|07]]
| total_type = Total
| area_total_km2 = 8925
| area_footnotes = <ref name="demographics"/> {{sfn|CPO|2022|p=12}}
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_footnotes = <ref name="demographics"/>
| population_total = 1840043
| population_density_km2 = auto
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset = +05:30
| website = {{URL|https://srisathyasai.ap.gov.in/}}
| established_title = Formed
| established_date = 4 April 2022
| founder = [[Government of Andhra Pradesh]]
}}

'''Sri Sathya Sai district''' is a [[district]] in the Indian state of [[Andhra Pradesh]]. Its headquarters is at [[Puttaparthi]]. It was formed on 4 April 2022 from parts of the erstwhile [[Anantapur district]].

== Etymology ==
[[File:Sathya_Sai_Baba_2013_stamp_of_India.jpg|left|150px|[[Sri Sathya Sai Baba]]]]
This district is named after Indian Guru [[Sri Sathya Sai Baba]], who contributed to improving the infrastructure of the Rayalaseema region by building schools, university, free healthcare institutions and drinking water projects.

== History ==
Sri Sathya Sai district was formed on 4 April 2022 from the [[Dharmavaram revenue division|Dharmavaram]], [[Penukonda revenue division|Penukonda]], [[Kadiri revenue division|Kadiri]] revenue divisions of erstwhile [[Anantapur district]]. A new [[Puttaparthi revenue division]] is created as part of the formation.<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 March 2022 |title=New districts to come into force on April 4 |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/new-districts-to-come-into-force-on-april-4/article65274658.ece |access-date=31 March 2022 |website=[[The Hindu]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=31 March 2022 |title=కొత్త జిల్లా తాజా స్వరూపం |url=https://www.eenadu.net/telugu-news/ap-top-news/general/2501/122062849 |access-date=31 March 2022 |website=[[Eenadu.net]] |language=te}}</ref>
On Dec 31st 2025 [[Madakasira revenue division]] formed in this district.

==Geography==
This district is bounded on the North by [[Anantapur district]], on the East by [[Annamayya district]] and [[Kadapa district]] and on the West and South West by [[Chitradurga district|Chitradurga]], [[Tumakuru district|Tumakuru]], [[Chikkaballapura district|Chikkaballapura]] districts of [[Karnataka]] State.
{{sfn|CPO|2022|p=1}}

Mallappakonda, Penukonda, Madakasira and Nagasamudram are the major hill ranges, which account for the uncultivable, uninhabitable regions in the district.{{sfn|CPO|2022|p=2-4}} Pennar, Chitravathi, Jayamangala, Maddileru, Papagni, Vandamaneru, Tadakaleru, Pandameru are the main rivers.{{sfn|CPO|2022|p=4-5}} The district has average elevation of about 1760 feet which results in h tolerable climate throughout the year. The normal rainfall is 590.9 mm, 60.3% of which happens during The normal the South West Monsoon period.{{sfn|CPO|2022|p=5}} March, April and May are warm months with the normal maximum temperature range of 37.6 °C - 39.2 °C. December and January are cooler months with the normal minimum temperature range of 17.5 °C to 17.7 °C.{{sfn|CPO|2022|p=6}} The soils are mostly red soil in the district.{{sfn|CPO|2022|p=6}}

===Mineral resources===
Gold, diamond, quartz, granite, pyrophyllite, road metal, gravel are found in the district.{{sfn|CPO|2022|p=7-8}}

== Demographics ==

{{bar box
|title=Religions in Sri Sathya Sai district based on 2011 Census<ref name="religion">{{Cite web|date=2011|title=Population by Religion - Andhra Pradesh|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11363/download/14476/DDW28C-01%20MDDS.XLS|website=censusindia.gov.in|publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>
|titlebar=#Fcd116
|left1=Religion
|right1=Percent
|float=right
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Hinduism]]|darkorange|87.89}}
{{bar percent|[[Andhra Muslims|Islam]]|green|11.47}}
{{bar percent|Other or not stated|black|0.64}}
|caption=Distribution of religions
}}

Based on 2011 census, the district had a population of 1,840,043 of which 392,357 (21.32%) lives in urban areas. Sri Sathyasai district has a sex ratio of 975 females per 1000 males. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes make up 2,48,993 (13.53%) and 83,966 (4.56%) of the population respectively.<ref name="demographics">{{cite web |title=District Census Hand Book – Anantapur |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/160/download/290/DH_2011_2822_PART_A_DCHB_ANANTAPUR.pdf|website=[[Census of India]] |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>{{rp|78–83}}

{{Pie chart
|caption = Languages of Sri Sathya Sai district based on 2011 Census<ref name="language"/>
|label1 = [[Telugu language|Telugu]] |value1 = 78.47 |color1 = steelblue
|label2 = [[Urdu]] |value2 = 11.03 |color2 = green
|label3 = [[Kannada]] |value3 = 7.08 |color3 = darkslateblue
|label4 = [[Lambadi]] |value4 = 2.67 |color4 = khaki
|label5 = Others |value5 = 0.75 |color5 = grey
|thumb=right}}

Based on 2011 census, 78.47% of the population spoke [[Telugu language|Telugu]], 11.03% [[Urdu language|Urdu]], 7.08% [[Kannada language|Kannada]] and 2.67% [[Lambadi language|Lambadi]] as their first language.<ref name="language">{{Cite web |title=Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: Andhra Pradesh |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/10193/download/13305/DDW-C16-STMT-MDDS-2800.XLSX |website=[[Census of India]] |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>

== Politics ==

There are one parliamentary and six assembly constituencies in the district. The parliamentary constituency is [[Hindupur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Hindupur]]
The assembly constituencies that constitute it are given below.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ceoandhra.nic.in/Right%20to%20Infn.Act/annex1.htm|title=District-wise Assembly-Constituencies|work=ceoandhra.nic.in}}</ref>
{|class="wikitable sortable"
!width="50px" style="font-size:75%"|Constituency number
!Name
!style="font-size:75%"|Reserved for ([[Dalit|SC]]/[[Adivasi|ST]]/None)
!Parliament
|-
|156
|[[Madakasira (Assembly constituency)|Madakasira]]
|[[Dalit|SC]]
| rowspan="6" |[[Hindupur Lok Sabha constituency|Hindupuram]]
|-
|157
|[[Hindupur (Assembly constituency)|Hindupuram]]
|None
|-
|158
|[[Penukonda (Assembly constituency)|Penukonda]]
|None
|-
|159
|[[Puttaparthi (Assembly constituency)|Puttaparthi]]
|None
|-
|160
|[[Dharmavaram (Assembly constituency)|Dharmavaram]]
|None
|-
|161
|[[Kadiri Assembly constituency|Kadiri]]
|None
|}

== Administrative divisions ==
[[File:Sri Sathya Sai.png|alt=Puttaparthy District, Hindupuram District|thumb|Satellite view of Sri Sathya Sai district]]

The district is divided into 5 revenue divisions: [[Dharmavaram revenue division|Dharmavaram]], [[Madakasira revenue division|Madakasira]], [[Kadiri revenue division|Kadiri]], [[Penukonda revenue division|Penukonda]] and [[Puttaparthi revenue division|Puttaparthi]], which are further subdivided into a total of 32 mandals, each headed by a sub-collector.

=== Mandals ===
The list of 32 mandals in Sri Sathya Sai district, divided into 5 revenue divisions, is given below.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-04-03 |title=New AP Map: Check Out Biggest and Smallest Districts in Andhra Pradesh |url=https://english.sakshi.com/news/andhrapradesh/heres-how-new-ap-map-looks-after-districts-reorganization-153041 |access-date=2022-05-03 |website=Sakshi Post |language=en}}</ref>
{{Div col|colwidth=18em}}
*[[Dharmavaram revenue division]]
** [[Bathalapalle mandal|Bathalapalle]]
** [[Chennekothapalle mandal|Chennekothapalle]]
** [[Dharmavaram, Sri Sathya Sai district|Dharmavaram]]
** [[Kanaganapalle mandal|Kanaganapalle]]
** [[Mudigubba mandal|Mudigubba]]
** [[Ramagiri, Sri Sathya Sai district|Ramagiri]]
** [[Tadimarri mandal|Tadimarri]]
*[[Kadiri revenue division]]
** [[Gandlapenta mandal|Gandlapenta]]
** [[Kadiri mandal|Kadiri]]
** [[Nallacheruvu mandal|Nallacheruvu]]
** [[Nambulapulakunta mandal|Nambulapulakunta]]
** [[Talupula mandal|Talupula]]
** [[Tanakal mandal|Tanakal]]
*[[Madakasira revenue division]]
** [[Agali mandal|Agali]]
** [[Amarapuram, Sri Sathya Sai district|Amarapuram]]
** [[Gudibanda mandal|Gudibanda]]
** [[Madakasira mandal|Madakasira]]
** [[Rolla, Sri Sathya Sai district|Rolla]]
*[[Penukonda revenue division]]
** [[Chilamathur mandal|Chilamathur]]
** [[Gorantla, Sri Sathya Sai district|Gorantla]]
** [[Hindupur mandal|Hindupur]]
** [[Lepakshi mandal|Lepakshi]]
** [[Parigi, Sri Sathya Sai district|Parigi]]
** [[Penukonda]]
** [[Roddam, Sri Sathya Sai district|Roddam]]
** [[Somandepalle mandal|Somandepalle]]
*[[Puttaparthi revenue division]]
** [[Amadagur mandal|Amadagur]]
** [[Bukkapatnam mandal|Bukkapatnam]]
** [[Kothacheruvu mandal|Kothacheruvu]]
** [[Nallamada mandal|Nallamada]]
** [[Obuladevaracheruvu mandal|Obuladevaracheruvu]]
** [[Puttaparthi mandal|Puttaparthi]]
{{Div col end}}

== Cities and towns ==
Hindupur is the largest city in the district, with a population of over 1.5 lakhs, and is the major economic hub in the district.
The district has three municipalities at Hindupur, Dharmavaram, Kadiri and three Nagar Panchayats at Puttaparthi, Penukonda and Madakasira. {{sfn|CPO|2022|p=2}}
{|class="wikitable sortable"
|+ List of Cities/towns in Sri Sathya Sai District
!City/Town !! Civic status !!Revenue division !! Population
|-
| [[Hindupur]]
| Municipality
| Penukonda
| 1,51,677
|-
| [[Dharmavaram, Sri Sathya Sai district|Dharmavaram]]
| Municipality
| Dharmavaram
| 1,21,874
|-
| [[Kadiri]]
| Municipality
| Kadiri
| 1,12,283
|-
| [[Puttaparthi]]
| Municipality
| Puttaparthi
| 68,657
|-
| [[Penukonda]]
| Nagar Panchayat
| Penukonda
| 27,382
|-
| [[Madakasira]]
| Nagar Panchayat
| Madakasira
| 21,464
|}

==Economy==

Kia, Berger paints, Texport industries are the major industries in the district. Kia India Private Limited manufactures automobiles in 536-acre factory in Yerramanchi village of Penukonda mandal.
It started commercial operations in 2019 with a capital investment of Rs.7948.00 Crs.
The plant has annual capacity of 3,50,000 units.
It generated 18000 jobs. Berger Paints India Ltd has a paint manufacturing unit at Hindupur. It invested 385 Crs.
It started operations in 2016. It generated 1554 jobs. Texport Industries located at Gollapuram in Hindupur mandal
manufactures woven and knitted apparel fabric.
Texport Industries designs and manufactures soft, casual and sportswear.
It has an integrated mill with an investment of Rs.70 Crs. It generated 250 jobs when it commenced operations in November 2017.{{Sfn|CPO|2022|p=8-9}}

== Education ==
As per 2019-20, there are 40 degree colleges, 6 B.Ed colleges, 5 polytechnics, 2 engineering colleges, 15 ITIs, 5 MBA, 5 MCA colleges.{{Sfn|CPO|2022|p=15}}

Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning (SSSIHL), a deemed university with headquarters at Puttaparthi and additional campuses at Anantapur, kadugodi and Muddenahalli in Karnataka provides free education to students, in various courses has completed 40 years of service in 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.sssihl.edu.in/about-us/history-timeline/ |title=History & Timeline |access-date=2023-04-24 |website=SSSIHL}}</ref>
[[B.E.S.T Innovation University]] Private University situated at Palasamudram in 134 Acres offers various courses.{{Citation needed|date=September 2025}}

== Transport ==

=== Road ===
[[National Highway 42 (India)|NH 42]], [[National Highway 44 (India)|NH 44]], [[National Highway 342 (India)|NH 342]], [[National Highway 716G (India)|NH 716G]] and [[National Highway 544E (India)|NH 544E]], pass through the district.

===Rail===
Dharmavaram is the major train junction in the district. [[Guntakal–Bangalore section|Bangalore–Guntakal railway line]], Guntakal- Tirupati line pass through the district.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://scr.indianrailways.gov.in/view_section.jsp?lang=0&id=0,1,291,353,1864 |title=Guntakal division map |access-date=2023-04-23 |website=South central railway}}</ref>

=== Air ===
[[Puttaparthi Airport]] serves the [[Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Medical Sciences, Puttaparthi]] for emergency purposes, and dignitaries who visit the town.<ref>{{cite news |title=Puttaparthi airport to facilitate emergency landings; security to be beefed up |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/in-other-news/250721/puttaparthi-airport-to-facilitate-emergency-landings-security-to-be-b.html |access-date=10 August 2021 |agency=DECCAN CHRONICLE |date=25 Jul 2021}}</ref>

The nearest international airport is the [[Kempegowda International Airport]] at [[Devanahalli]], a suburb of Bangalore which is about 119 km from Puttaparthi. 84 km from Hindupur town commercial and biggest town of district.

=== Sea Port ===

[[Krishnapatnam Port]] popularly known as KPCL which was operated by [[Adani Ports & SEZ]] is 360 KMs from district.

== Tourist attractions ==
Several spiritual and religious, historical places are found in the district.{{Sfn|CPO|2022|p=9-11}}

[[File:Kadiri 03.jpg|right|thumb|Sri Khadri Lakshmi Narasimha Swamy Temple, [[Kadiri]]]]
* [[Kadiri]]: Sri Khadri Lakshmi Narasimha Swamy Temple at Kadiri is dedicated to Lord Vishnu. It is said that Lord Vishnu handed over the deity to Brugu Maharshi for worship.
* [[Prasanthi Nilayam]]: Hospital and many institutions founded by Sri Sathya Sai baba.
* [[Lepakshi]]: Veerabhadra Swamy temple dating back to Vijayanagar dynasty
* [[Madakasira Fort]], Historical fort dating back to 15th Century CE
* Thimmamma Marrimanu, Gutibayalu: Banyan tree spread over 5 acres.
* Batrepalli waterfalls at [[Kadiri]]
* [[Penukonda]] Tomb of [[Baba Fakruddin]] a sufi saint who settled in Penukonda.

== Notable people ==
[[Sathya Sai Baba]], 20th century Indian guru with worldwide devotees was born in Puttaparthi. He contributed to improving the infrastructure of the Rayalaseema region by building schools, university, free healthcare institutions and drinking water projects.

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==Books==
{{Cite book|url=https://cdn.s3waas.gov.in/s3647bba344396e7c8170902bcf2e15551/uploads/2022/04/2022041684.pdf|title=Handbook of statistics - 2020 Sri Sathya Sai District |author=CPO|year=2022|access-date=2023-03-07}}

==External links==
{{Sister project links| wikt=no | commons=Category:Sri Sathya Sai district | b=no | n=no | q=no | s=no | v=no | voy=no | species=no | d=Q110714863}}

* [https://overpass-turbo.eu/map.html?Q=%2F*%0AShow%20Mandals%20with%20English%20labels%20for%20Andhra%20Pradesh%0A*%2F%0A%5Bout%3Ajson%5D%5Btimeout%3A25%5D%3B%0Aarea%5Bname%3D%22Andhra%20Pradesh%22%5D-%3E.b%3B%0Arel(area.b)%5Bname%3D%22Sri%20Sathya%20Sai%22%5D%3B%0Amap_to_area%20-%3E%20.searchArea%3B%0A(%0A%20%20relation%5B%22admin_level%22%3D%226%22%5D(area.searchArea)%3B%0A)%3B%0A%2F%2F%20print%20results%0Aout%20body%20geom%3B%0A%0A%0A%0A%0A%0A%7B%7Bstyle%3A%20%0A%20%20node%2Cway%2Crelation%20%7B%0A%20%20%20%20text%3Aeval(%27tag(%22name%22)%27)%3B%0A%7D%0A%20%7D%7D Mandals of Sri Sathya Sai district - Overpass turbo OSM interactive map]
{{Sri Sathya Sai district}}
{{Andhra Pradesh}}

[[Category:Districts of Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:2022 establishments in Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Sri Sathya Sai district| ]]

Scottish Church College

2026-01-19T09:42:11Z

FinlayPulido6: slightly fix lead to improve readability further and updated info for clarity

{{Short description|Public college in Kolkata, West Bengal, India}}
{{EngvarB|date=June 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020}}{{Infobox college
| name = Scottish Church College
| image_name = Scottish Church College Kolkata.jpg
| image_upright =
| image_size =
| logo = Scottish Church College logo.png
| image_alt = Image of the campus
| caption = [[Seal (emblem)|Emblem]] of the Scottish Church College
| motto = ''Nec Tamen Consumebatur''<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.highlandcathedral.org/building/door.asp |title=Saint Columba's main doorway |access-date=31 October 2005 |archive-date=12 May 2005 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050512233515/http://www.highlandcathedral.org/building/door.asp |url-status=dead }}</ref> ([[Latin]])
| mottoeng = "The bush burns, but is not consumed"
| established = {{Start date and age|df=yes|13 July 1830}}
| former_names = 1830: General Assembly's Institution 1843: Free Church Institution 1863: Duff College 1908: Scottish Churches College 1929: Scottish Church College
| language = English, Bengali, Hindi
| founder = [[Alexander Duff (missionary)|Alexander Duff]]
| colours =
| nickname = The Caledonians
| type = Public
| administrative_staff = 164
| studeinstitution nts =
| undergrad = 1518 {{small|(As of 2016–17)}}
| postgrad = 97 {{small|(As of 2017–18)}}
| academic_affiliation = [[University of Calcutta]]
| religious_affiliation = [[Church of North India]], [[Presbyterian]]
| principal = Dr. Madhumanjari Mandal
| campus = Urban
| address = 1 & 3, Urquhart Square, Manicktala, Azad Hind Bag
| city = [[Kolkata]]
| state = [[West Bengal]]
| postalcode =
| country = [[India]]
| coor = {{Coord|22.54837|88.35596|type:edu_source:Googlemaps|display=inline,title}}
| website = {{URL|http://www.scottishchurch.ac.in/}}
| footnotes =
}}

'''Scottish Church College''' is a college affiliated by [[Calcutta University]], [[India]]. It offers selective co-educational undergraduate and postgraduate studies and is the oldest continuously running [[Christians|Christian]] [[Liberal arts college|liberal arts and sciences college]] in Asia.<ref>{{harvnb|Basu|2008|p=35}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Matilal|2008|pp=19–20}}</ref> It has been rated ('''A''') by the Indian [[National Assessment and Accreditation Council]]. Students and alumni call themselves "[[Caledonia]]ns" in the name of the college festival, "Caledonia". The Scottish Church College has been embellished as GRADE-I Heritage Building<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Kolkata Heritage Buildings List by Kolkata Municipal Corporation |url=https://www.kmcgov.in/KMCPortal/downloads/Graded_List_of_Heritage_Buildings_Grade_I_IIA_IIB.pdf }}</ref> on 8 November 2023.

==Foundation==
The origins are traceable to the life of [[Alexander Duff (missionary)|Alexander Duff]] (1806–1878), the first overseas missionary of the [[Church of Scotland]], to India. Known initially as the ''General Assembly's Institution'', it was founded on 13 July 1830.<ref name=History>{{Cite web |url=http://www.scottishchurch.ac.in/College%20History02.pdf |title=Sen, Asit and John Abraham. ''Glimpses of college history'', 2008 (1980). Retrieved on 2009-10-03 |access-date=10 March 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091222083113/http://scottishchurch.ac.in/College%20History02.pdf |archive-date=22 December 2009 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Alexander Duff was born on 25 April 1806, in [[Moulin, Scotland|Moulin]], [[Perthshire]], located in the Scottish countryside. He attended the [[University of St Andrews]] where after graduation, he opted for a missionary life.<ref name=History/> Subsequently, he undertook his evangelical mission to India. In a voyage that involved two shipwrecks (first on the ship ''Lady Holland'' off Dassen Island, near Cape Town, and later on the ship ''Moira'', near the Ganges delta) and the loss of his personal library consisting of 800 volumes (of which 40 survived), and college prizes, he arrived in Calcutta on 27 May 1830.<ref name=Pitlochry>[http://www.pitlochrychurchofscotland.org.uk/Duff.htm Pitlochry Church of Scotland's obituary of Alexander Duff] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120330131833/http://www.pitlochrychurchofscotland.org.uk/Duff.htm |date=30 March 2012 }}</ref><ref name="autogenerated2">[https://archive.today/20130203131705/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1091122/jsp/7days/story_11770216.jsp The missionary’s mission in Calcutta]</ref>

Supported by the [[Governor-General of India]] [[Lord William Bentinck]],<ref name=Pitlochry/> Rev. Alexander Duff opened his institution in ''[[Basu#Notable people|Feringhi Kamal Bose]]'''s house, located in upper Chitpore Road, near [[Jorasanko]]. In 1836 the institution was moved to Gorachand Bysack's house at Garanhatta.<ref name=History/> Mr. MacFarlane, the Chief-Magistrate of Calcutta, laid the foundation stone on 23 February 1837. Mr. John Gray, elected by Messrs. Burn & Co. and superintended by Captain John Thomson of the [[East India Company]] designed the building. It is possible that he may have been inspired by the facade of the [[Santa Casa da Misericórdia (Macau)|Holy House of Mercy]] in [[Portuguese Macau|Macau]], which reflects the influence of Portuguese. Traces of English [[Palladian architecture#Neo-Palladianism|Palladianism]] are also evident in the design of the college. The construction of the building was completed in 1839.<ref name=History/>
[[File:Rev-alexander-duff-1806-1878-missionary-and-educat.jpg|thumb|Alexander Duff (1806–1878)]]

==Historical context==
In the early 1800s, under the regime of the [[Company rule in India|East India Company]], English education and Missionary activities were initially suspect.<ref name=History/> While the [[East India Company]] supported Orientalist instruction in the vernacular languages like Persian, Arabic and Sanskrit, and helped to establish institutions like [[Aliah University|Calcutta Madrasah College]], and [[Sanskrit College]], in general, colonial administrative policy discouraged the dissemination of knowledge in their language, that is in English. The general apathy of the Company towards the cause of education and improvement of natives is in many ways, the background for the agency of missionaries like Duff.<ref>{{harvnb|Matilal|2008|p=17}}</ref>

Inspired by the [[General Assembly of the Church of Scotland]], Reverend Alexander Duff, then a young missionary, arrived in India's colonial capital to set up an English-[[Medium of instruction|medium]] institution. Though [[Bengal]]is had shown some interest in the spread of Western education from the beginning of the 19th century, both the local church and government officers were skeptical about the high-caste Bengali's response to the idea of an English-medium institution.<ref name=History/> While Orientalists like [[James Prinsep]] were supportive of the idea of vernacular education, Duff and prominent Indians like [[Raja Ram Mohan Roy]] supported the use of English as a medium of instruction.<ref name=History/>{{Disputed inline|James Prinsep and vernacular education|date=December 2021}} His emphasis on the use of English on Indian soil was prophetic:
{{quote|The English language, I repeat it, is the lever which, as the instrument of conveying the entire range of knowledge, is destined to move all Hindustan.<ref>{{harvnb|Basu|2008|pp=33–34}}</ref>}}

Raja [[Ram Mohan Roy]] helped Duff by organizing the venue and bringing in the first batch of students. He also assured the guardians that reading the [[Authorized King James Version|King James's Bible]] did not necessarily imply religious conversion, unless that was based on inner spiritual conviction. Imbibing the tenets of the Scottish educational system that shaped his ideals, Duff was, unlike the missionaries and scholars at the [[Senate of Serampore College (University)|Serampore College]], wholeheartedly committed to the cause of instruction in the English language, as that facilitated the advanced study of European religion, literature and science. By carefully selecting teachers, European and Indian, who brought out the best of Christian and secular understandings, and by emphasizing advanced pedagogical techniques that emphasized the [[Socratic method]] of classroom debate, inquiry, and rational thinking, Duff and his followers established an educational system, whose impact in spreading progressive values in contemporary Bengal would be profound.<ref>Sardella, Ferdinando. ''Rise of Nondualism in Bengal'' in ''Modern Hindu Personalism: The History, Thought and Life of Bhaktisiddhanta''. Oxford University Press, 2013. pp. 39–40.</ref> Although his ultimate aim was the spread of English education, Duff was aware that a foreign language could not be mastered without command of the native language. Hence in his General Assembly's Institution (as later in his Free Church Institution), teaching and learning in the dominant vernacular [[Bengali language]] was also emphasized. Duff and his successors also underscored the necessity of sports among his students.<ref>{{harvnb|Bandyopadhyay|2008|pp=74–75}}</ref> When he introduced [[political economy]] as a subject in the curricula, his faced his church's criticism. [[File:Ram Mohan Roy statue.jpeg|thumb|left|upright|The great social reformer Raja Ram Mohan Roy supported Reverend Duff in his efforts.]]

In 1840, Duff returned to India. At the [[Disruption of 1843]], Duff sided with the Free Church. He gave up the college buildings, with all their effects and established a new institution, called the Free Church Institution.<ref name=Pitlochry/> He had the support of Sir [[Sir James Outram, 1st Baronet|James Outram]] and Sir [[Henry Montgomery Lawrence|Henry Lawrence]], and the encouragement of seeing a new band of converts, including several young men born of high caste. In 1844, governor-general [[Henry Hardinge, 1st Viscount Hardinge|Viscount Hardinge]] opened government appointments to all who had studied in institutions similar to Duff's institution. In the same year, Duff co-founded the ''[[Calcutta Review]]'', of which he served as editor from 1845 to 1849. In 1857, when the [[University of Calcutta]] was established, the Free Church Institution was one of its earliest affiliates, and Duff would also serve in the university's first senate.<ref name=Notable_Firsts>[http://www.caluniv.ac.in/About%20the%20university/Noteble%20first.htm A Tradition of Notable Firsts] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130307001947/http://www.caluniv.ac.in/About%20the%20university/Noteble%20first.htm |date=7 March 2013 }}</ref> These two institutions founded by Duff, i.e., the General Assembly's Institution and the Free Church Institution would be merged later to form the Scottish Churches College. After the unification of the Church of Scotland in 1929, the institution would be known as Scottish Church College.<ref name=History/>

Along with Raja [[Ram Mohan Roy]], the great social reformer often called the ''father of modern India'', Dr. Duff supported [[Thomas Babington Macaulay, 1st Baron Macaulay|Lord Macaulay]] in drafting his influential ''Minute for the introduction of English education in India''. Eminent contemporary and successive missionary scholars from Scotland, notably Dr. Ogilvie, Dr. Hastie,<ref>{{usurped|[https://web.archive.org/web/20021017191139/http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/mag/2002/06/23/stories/2002062300310400.htm Master visionary]}}</ref> Dr. Macdonald, Dr. Stephen, Dr. Watt, and [[William Spence Urquhart]] contributed in spreading [[Liberalism|liberal]] [[Western culture|Western]] education. The institutions founded by Duff have been coterminous with other contemporary institutions like the Serampore College, and the Hindu College in ushering the spirit of intellectual inquiry and a general acceptance of the ideals of the [[Age of Enlightenment|Enlightenment]] among [[Bengali Hindu]]s, the then dominant indigenous ethno-linguistic group in the [[Company rule in India|Company administered Indian territories]]. This exchange of ideas and ideals, and adoption of progressive values that would eventually influence many social reform movements in South Asia, has been widely regarded by historians specializing in nineteenth century India, as the epochs of the [[Young Bengal|Young Bengal Movement]] and later, the [[Bengal Renaissance]].<ref>{{harvnb|Basu|2008|p=35}}</ref>

Duff's contemporaries included Reverend Mackay, Reverend Ewart and [[Thomas Smith (missionary)|Reverend Thomas Smith]]. Till the early 20th century the norm was to bring teachers from Scotland, and this brought forth scholars like William Spence Urquhart, Henry Stephen, H.M. Percival etc. Indian scholars were also engaged as teachers by the college authorities, and the [[:Category:Academic staff of Scottish Church College|notable faculty]] includes names like Surendranath Banerjee, Kalicharan Bandyopadhyay, [[Jnan Chandra Ghosh]], Gouri Shankar Dey, Adhar Chandra Mukhopadhyay, Sushil Chandra Dutta, Mohimohan Basu, Sudhir Kumar Dasgupta, Nirmal Chandra Bhattacharya, Bholanath Mukhopadhyay and Kalidas Nag, all of whom had all contributed to enhancing the academic standards of the college.<ref>{{harvnb|Basu|2008|p=35}}</ref>

The college authorities played a pioneering role in promoting gender equality by emphasizing the significance of women's education. During much of the nineteenth century, the college remained the only institution of its kind in the city of Calcutta (and indeed in the country) to promote the cause of co-education.<ref name=Pitlochry/><ref>Manna, Mausumi, ''Women's Education through Co-Education: the Pioneering College'' in ''175th Year Commemoration Volume''. Scottish Church College, April 2008, pp. 107–116</ref> Female students comprise half the present roll strength of the college. With the added interest of the missionaries in educational work and social welfare, the college stands as a monument to Indo-[[Scotland|Scottish]] co-operation.

=== Postage stamp ===
On 27 September 1980, the [[Indian Postal Service]] released a commemorative stamp of the college.<ref name="Datta 2008 559–561">{{harvnb|Datta|2008|pp=559–561}}: "Photo Gallery"</ref>

== Campus and infrastructure ==
=== Buildings ===
[[File:Scottish Church College - Main building.jpg|thumb|Scottish Church College main building]]
[[File:Scottish Church College assembly hall.jpg|thumb|Scottish Church College Assembly Hall]]
The main building houses the economics, history, political science, philosophy, zoology, botany, mathematics, English, Sanskrit and Bengali departments. A separate Science annex building houses the departments of physics and chemistry. Situated in the main campus, the central library of the college is computerized. The biological science departments are in possession of a museum and a 'poly-house'. The college is encompassed by a garden and a lawn. Many medicinal plants are grown in the garden under the care of the botany department. There are rare and non-native plants in the garden as well. The Scottish Church College campus is a 'green' campus with solar lighting.<ref name=Criterion_IV/> A separate building houses the department of teacher education.<ref name=Criterion_IV>[http://www.scottishchurch.ac.in/NAAC/PDF-GEN/08.pdf Criterion IV: Infrastructure and Learning Resources]</ref>
[[File:Scottish Church College Millennium Building - Kolkata 2012-01-23 8663.JPG|thumb|Scottish Church College Millennium Building]]

== Halls of residence ==
The college presently has four hostels for its students, all of which are situated near the college. Previously, another hostel, Students' Residence (for Girls) was present. They have recreational common rooms with audio-visual equipment.

*Lady Jane Dundas Hostel (For-Girls only): 71/1 Bidhan Sarani, Kolkata-6.
*Duff Hostel: 32/8, Abhedananda Road, Kolkata-6.(Beadon Street)
*Ogilvie Hostel: 31/2, Hurtaki Bagan Lane, Kolkata-6.
*Wann Hostel: 32/8 Abhendananda Road, Kolkata-6. (Beadon Street)<ref>{{Cite web |title=College Hostels - Scottish Church College {{!}} Kolkata |url=https://www.scottishchurch.ac.in/hostel.php |access-date=2022-05-30 |website=www.scottishchurch.ac.in}}</ref>

== College publications ==
The college publications are annual and consists of contributions from students and staffs.
*''The Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences'', a refereed international academic journal with an interdisciplinary approach which publishes research articles written by both experienced and young scholars all over the world, is annually published by the college. The journal discusses issues from points of view such as liberalism, empiricism, positivism, Marxism, structuralism, psychoanalysis, postmodernism, deconstruction, feminism, subaltern studies school and postcolonialism. The advisory board consists of personalities such as [[Amartya Sen]], [[Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak]], [[Partha Chatterjee (scholar)|Partha Chatterjee]], [[Dipesh Chakrabarty]] and [[Amiya Kumar Bagchi]].<ref>{{harvnb|Basu|2008|p=35}}</ref><ref name="Datta 2008 559–561"/>
*''Sanket'', a short magazine, is published annually by the Scottish Church College Literary society. It was first published in 2015.

== Extra-curricular activities ==
=== National Service Scheme ===
Four faculty members and three library staff are involved with social work at an informal level in their neighbourhood. The NSS Unit organised several environment/health/hygiene-related programmes in the college in collaboration with the ''United Board for Christian Higher Education in Asia'' and the college's department of Teacher Education.<ref name=Criterion_III>.[http://www.scottishchurch.ac.in/NAAC/PDF-GEN/07.pdf Criterion III: Research, Consultancy and Extension]</ref>
The volunteers of the college NSS unit participated in North-East Youth Festival, held at Arunachal Pradesh in 2012 and NSS Mega Camp held at Assam in 2013. Some of them also took part in Rock Climbing and Adventure camp at Balasore, Odisha (India) and were awarded the title of "Basic Mountaineer".

The college received four awards from the University of Calcutta for its activities in NSS. Prof. U.N. Nandi became the Best Program Officer in 2009. Parag Chatterjee, a student of Computer Science and the NSS student leader (2011–2013), was awarded "Best Volunteer" by the university.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.scottishchurch.ac.in/NAAC/PDF-GEN/16.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=20 July 2015 |archive-date=24 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924095453/http://www.scottishchurch.ac.in/NAAC/PDF-GEN/16.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>

== Awards and recognition ==
In 2006, the [[University Grants Commission (India)]] accepted the recommendations of the [[University of Calcutta]] to regard the college as "College with Potential for Excellence".<ref name="History" /><ref>[https://archive.today/20130203144806/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1060309/asp/calcutta/story_5942047.asp Star tag on six colleges]</ref><ref>[https://archive.today/20120911202631/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1060510/asp/frontpage/story_6205245.asp Half in, half out in college tag race]</ref>

== Alumni ==
{{Main|List of alumni of Scottish Church College}}

==Status and initiatives==
* Until 1953, administrative control over the college was exercised by the Foreign Mission Committee of the Church of Scotland. This was exercised by a local council consisting of representatives of the Church of Scotland and the United Church of Northern India. Later the Foreign Mission Committee of Church of Scotland relinquished its authority to the United Church of Northern India, and in 1970, the United Church of Northern India joined the [[Church of North India]] as a constituent body. This made the Church of North India the ''de facto'' and ''de jure'' successor (to the Church of Scotland) in running the administration of the college. As the college was founded on Christian (Protestant and [[Presbyterian]]) foundations, it derives its legal authority and status as a religious [[minority group|minority]] institution as defined by the scope of Article 30 of the [[Constitution of India]].<ref name=History/>
* On 27 September 1980, the [[Indian Postal Service]] released a commemorative stamp on the college.
* In 2003, the college buildings and premises underwent renovation, with the financial support of the alumni and well-wishers.<ref name="Datta 2008 559–561"/><ref>{{harvnb|Abraham|2008|p=4}}</ref>
* In 2004, the general section of the college was awarded grade 'A' after accreditation by the [[National Assessment and Accreditation Council]].<ref>{{harvnb|Abraham|2008|p=6}}</ref> The same grade was awarded upon reaccreditation in 2014.
* Since 2004, the college has been a member of the ''United Board for Christian Higher Education in Asia'' and is a participant in that organization's ''Asian University Leadership Program''.<ref name=History/><ref>[http://www.unitedboard.org/PARTNERS.aspx#india United Board Partner Institutions] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130214010534/http://www.unitedboard.org/PARTNERS.aspx |date=14 February 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Abraham|2008|p=8}}</ref>
* In 2011, the [[Scottish Government]] instituted a Centre of Tagore Studies in [[Edinburgh]]'s [[Napier University]], to facilitate integrated research on [[Rabindranath Tagore]]'s works and philosophy. In Calcutta, this scholarly initiative (with student exchange programs) was extended to the college, involving the departments of English, Bengali and philosophy.<ref name=Criterion_III/><ref name=Tagore>[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/10799964.cms Tagore drew inspiration from Scottish bard for his poem – article in the Times of India]</ref><ref name=Glasgow_CU>[https://archive.today/20130203130158/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1111113/jsp/nation/story_14743778.jsp Glasgow tie-up for CU – article in the Calcutta Telegraph]</ref>
* The University Grants Commission sponsors the construction of the Quarto Sept Centennial Jubilee Building project of the college. The building plan has been approved by the Heritage Committee of the Kolkata Municipal Corporation for necessary approval. The construction of the new building has been completed with modern equipments and audio-visual system worth for having special lectures which can also be broadcast to other colleges through online.<ref name=Annual>[http://www.scottishchurch.ac.in/AnnualDay/130122%20AnnualDayAddressPrinci.pdf The College Annual Day 2012–13]</ref> The building was Inaugurated by the Members of college administrative body (College Rector Dr.J.Abraham and Principal alongside)
*Scottish Church College celebrated its 184th Foundation Day and its first Alexander Duff Memorial Lecture on 13 July 2013. Dr. S. C. Jamir, the Honorable Governor of Odisha and an alumnus of the college, delivered the first Alexander Duff Memorial Lecture.{{cn|date=July 2024}}

==In popular culture==
===In fiction===
* [[Satyajit Ray]]'s fictional scientist-cum-investigator [[Professor Shonku]] started his career as a professor of physics at the Scottish Church College.
* [[Samaresh Majumdar]]'s bestselling novel ''Kalbela'', which explores Calcutta's culture, politics and society in the aftermath of the 1970s Naxalite movement, won the [[Sahitya Akademi Award to Bengali Writers|Sahitya Akademi Award]] in 1984.<ref>[http://www.sahitya-akademi.gov.in/old_version/awa10302.htm#bengali Sahitya Akademi Awards 1955–2007] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100616020438/http://www.sahitya-akademi.gov.in/old_version/awa10302.htm |date=16 June 2010 }}</ref> It featured the college as a backdrop in the storyline.
*Samaresh Majumdar's [[Animesh quartet]], a series of four novels (''Uttoradhikar'', ''Kalbela'' and ''Kalpurush'', and ''Mousholkal''), revolves around the life and experiences of Animesh Mitra, an alumnus, who witnesses the tumultuous socio-political transformations in post-independence West Bengal.

===In non-fiction===
* ''[[Kaalbela|Kaalbela: Calcutta My Love]]'', a 2009 Bengali film directed by [[Goutam Ghose]] on the events of the 1970s [[Naxalite|Naxalite movement]], had scenes which were shot at the college.<ref>[https://archive.today/20120914032538/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1090117/jsp/entertainment/story_10400316.jsp Article in The Telegraph on the film Kaalbela]</ref>
* ''[[Egaro|Egaro: The Immortal Eleven]]'' was a 2011 [[sports film]] in [[Cinema of West Bengal|Bengali]] directed by Arun Roy, that was based on the [[Mohun Bagan AC|Mohun Bagan Athletic Club's]] victory over the [[East Yorkshire Regiment]] in the finals of the 1911 [[IFA Shield]].<ref>[http://www.sportskeeda.com/2013/04/14/the-death-anniversary-of-indian-footballs-first-legend/ The death anniversary of Indian Football's first legend]</ref> Three members of the winning team were students of the college. The film also showed the college as a background.<ref>[https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/asia/football-scores-at-the-box-office-in-cricketmad-india-2234411.html Football scores at the box office in cricket-mad India]</ref>
*''[[Natoker Moto]]'' was a 2015 biographical Bengali language film, which was roughly based on the life and tragic death of Keya Chakraborty, an alumna,<ref>{{harvnb|Datta|2008|p=589}}: "Some Alumni of Scottish Church College"</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Datta|2008|p=573}}: "Teaching Staff: English"</ref> who subsequently became a prominent theatre personality. The character based on her is called ''Kheya'' in the film.

== Courses ==

* [[Bengali language|Bengali]]
* [[English language|English]]
* [[Hindi]]
* [[History]]
* [[Philosophy]]
* [[Political science]]
* [[Sanskrit]]
* [[Sociology]]
* [[Psychology]]
* [[Physical education]]
* [[Commerce]]

=== Science ===

* [[Botany]]
* [[Chemistry]]
* [[Computer science]]
* [[Economics]]
* [[Mathematics]]
* [[Physics]]
* [[Zoology]]
* [[Statistics]]
* [[Microbiology]]

=== Post Graduate ===

* [[Botany]]
* [[Chemistry]]

==== Teacher Education ====

* B.Ed

==See also==
* [[Scottish Church Collegiate School]], the twin institution of the college, also founded by Reverend Alexander Duff
* [[:Category:Academic staff of Scottish Church College]]

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

==Sources==
{{refbegin|2}}
* {{Citation |last1=Abraham |first1=John |editor1-last=Datta |editor1-first=Asit |title=175th Year Commemoration Volume |date=2008 |publisher=Scottish Church College |location=Kolkata, India |chapter=A Foreword |oclc=243677369}}
* {{Citation |last1=Bandyopadhyay |first1=Kausik |editor1-last=Datta |editor1-first=Asit |title=175th Year Commemoration Volume |date=2008 |publisher=Scottish Church College |location=Kolkata, India |chapter=Games Ethic in Bengal: A Commentary on the sporting tradition of the Scottish Church College |oclc=243677369 |quote=}}
* {{Citation |last1=Basu |first1=Pradip |editor1-last=Datta |editor1-first=Asit |title=175th Year Commemoration Volume |date=2008 |publisher=Scottish Church College |location=Kolkata, India |chapter=The Question of Colonial Modernity and Scottish Church College |oclc=243677369}}
* {{Citation |editor1-last=Datta |editor1-first=Asit |title=175th Year Commemoration Volume |date=2008 |publisher=Scottish Church College |location=Kolkata, India |oclc=243677369}}
* {{Citation |last1=Matilal |first1=Anup |editor1-last=Datta |editor1-first=Asit |title=175th Year Commemoration Volume |date=2008 |publisher=Scottish Church College |location=Kolkata, India |chapter=The Scottish Church College: A Brief Discourse on the Origins of an Institution |oclc=243677369}}
{{refend}}
==External links==
* {{official}}

{{Kolkata topics}}
{{Protestant missions to India}}
{{authority control}}

[[Category:Universities and colleges in Kolkata]]
[[Category:University of Calcutta affiliates]]
[[Category:Academic institutions associated with the Bengal Renaissance]]
[[Category:Schools in Colonial India]]
[[Category:Christian universities and colleges in India]]
[[Category:19th century in Kolkata]]
[[Category:Universities and colleges affiliated with the Church of North India]]
[[Category:Scotland and the British Empire]]
[[Category:Church of Scotland]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 1830]]
[[Category:1830 establishments in India]]
[[Category:1830s in British India]]
[[Category:British colonial architecture in India]]

Sultanganj railway station

2026-01-11T04:15:46Z

FinlayPulido6: expanded content

{{Short description|Railway station in Bhagalpur, Bihar, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2018}}
{{Infobox station
| name = Ajgaibinath Dham
| other name = Sultanganj
| type = [[Light rail]] & [[Commuter rail]] station
| style = Indian Railways
| image = [[File:Indian_Railways_Suburban_Railway_Logo.svg|80px]]
| image_caption = Ajgabinath Dham
| address = {{jct|NH|33|country=IND}} [[Sultanganj]], [[Bhagalpur district]], [[Bihar]]
| country = India
| coordinates = {{Coord|25.2416|N|86.7353|E|type:railwaystation_region:IN|display=inline}}
| map_type = India#India Bihar
| elevation =
| line = [[Sahibganj loop]]
| other =
| structure = [[Intersection_(road)#At_grade_railways|At grade]]
| platform = 3
| tracks = 5
| parking = Available
| opened =
| closed =
| rebuilt =
| electrified = Yes
| accessible = {{Access icon|20px}}{{citation needed|date=February 2019}}
| code = {{Indian railway code
| code = SGG
| zone = [[Eastern Railway zone|Eastern Railway]]
| division = {{rwd|Malda}}
}}
| owned = [[Indian Railways]]
| operator = [[Eastern Railway zone]]
| status = Functioning
| former =
| zone = [[Indian Railways]]
| passengers =
| pass_year =
| pass_percent =
| pass_system =
| map_locator =
| route_map =
| map_state = collapsed
}}
'''Ajgaibinath Dham railway station''', formerly called ''Sultanganj railway station'',<ref>{{cite web|title=Sultanganj in Bihar to be renamed after Ajgaibinath Dham|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2024/Nov/04/sultanganj-railway-station-in-bihar-to-be-renamed-after-ajgaibinath-dham}}</ref> station code '''SGG''', is a [[railway station]] in the [[Bhagalpur district]]. Ajgaibinath Dham railway station comes under the [[Malda railway division]] of the [[Eastern Railway Zone]], [[Indian Railways]].<ref>{{cite web |title=SultanGanj Railway Station Map/Atlas ER/Eastern Zone - Railway Enquiry |url=https://indiarailinfo.com/station/map/sultanganj-sgg/1162 |website=indiarailinfo.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Sultanganj (SGG) Railway Station: Station Code, Schedule & Train Enquiry - RailYatri |url=https://www.railyatri.in/stations/sultanganj-sgg |website=www.railyatri.in}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Portal bar|India|Transport|Railways|border=Yes}}
{{Railway stations in Bihar}}

[[Category:Railway stations in Bhagalpur district]]
[[Category:Malda railway division]]

{{Bihar-railstation-stub}}

Dahod

2026-01-01T20:15:38Z

FinlayPulido6: enhance information as per guidelines and added references

{{About|the municipality in India|its namesake district|Dahod district}}
{{more citations needed|date=November 2012}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2016}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Dahod
| native_name_lang = Gujarati
| other_name =
| settlement_type = City
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| nickname =
| image_map =
| map_alt =
| map_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Gujarat#India
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption =
| coordinates = {{coord|22|50|05|N|74|15|20|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = India
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_type3 = Collector & DM
| subdivision_name1 = [[Gujarat]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Dahod district|Dahod]]
| subdivision_name3 = Dr. Harshit Gosavi I.A.S.
| established_title = 
| established_date = 2006
| government_type = Municipality
| governing_body = Dahod Muncipalality
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_total_km2 = 14
| area_rank =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_metro = 130,503
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_footnotes = <ref name=census>{{cite web|title=Dohad Metropolitan Urban Region Population 2011 Census|url=http://www.census2011.co.in/census/metropolitan/300-dohad.html|website=www.census2011.co.in|access-date=23 October 2017}}</ref>
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_rank =
| population_demonym =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 389151
| area_code = 2673
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| registration_plate = GJ-20
| website = https://dahod.gujarat.gov.in
| footnotes =
| demographics1_info1 = [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]]
| area_urban_km2 = 3,642
}}

[[File:Jilla Panchayat Bhawan Dahod.jpg|thumb|District Panchayat Bhawan of Dahod]]

'''Dahod''' is a city on the banks of the Dudhimati River in [[Dahod District]] in the State of [[Gujarat]], India. It is said that it has taken its name from Saint [[Dadhichi]], who had an [[Ashram]] on the bank of Dudhumati river. This city is known for being the birthplace of the sixth Mughal emperor, [[Aurangzeb]], son of the fifth Mughal emperor, [[Shah Jahan]]. The city serves as District Headquarters for Dahod District. It is {{convert|214|km}} from [[Ahmedabad]] and {{convert|159|km}} from [[Vadodara]]. It is also known as ''Dohad'' (meaning "two boundaries", as the borders of the states of [[Rajasthan]] and [[Madhya Pradesh]] are nearby).<ref name="Desai2007">{{cite book|author=Anjali H. Desai|title=India Guide Gujarat|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gZRLGZNZEoEC&pg=PA180|access-date=28 August 2017|year=2007|publisher=India Guide Publications|isbn=978-0-9789517-0-2|page=180}}</ref>

[[Mughal Emperor]] [[Aurangzeb]] was born in Dahod in 1618, during the reign of [[Jahangir]]. Aurangzeb was said to have ordered his ministers to favour this town, as it was his birthplace.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Shikoh |first=Dara |title=On Becoming an Indian Muslim: French Essays on Aspects of Syncretism |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |year=2008 |isbn=9780195658071 |editor-last=Waseem |editor-first=M. |page=103 |chapter=An Experiment in Hindu-Muslim Unity}}</ref> [[Tatya Tope]], the freedom fighter, is known to have absconded in Dahod. He is believed to have lived his last days in this region.

It was previously within the boundaries of [[Panchmahal District]]. However, in 2006, Dahod was recognized as a separate district. Urban Bank Hospital is situated here. The foundation stone for a dental college was laid by the trust of philanthropist Girdharlal Sheth.

The railway colony, also known as Parel area of Dahod was built by the British and it still follows the same architecture. There is also a western railway locomotive workshop here, and this area contributes to population of mostly people from other states, working here in railways workshop. Dahod is taking step into digital era also.
Iskcon Dahod also functions here for the welfare of society by providing them cultural and value{{En dash}}based education, youth program.
Dahod has been selected as one of the hundred Indian cities to be developed as a [[smart city]] under Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]]'s flagship [[Smart Cities Mission]].

== Demographics ==
As per the 2011 census,<ref name=census/> Dahod had a population of 130,503. Males constituted 51% of the population and females 49%. Dahod had an average literacy rate of 83.57%, higher than the national average of 74.04%.

== Education ==
Educational institutions in Dahod include: Hindi Higher Secondary School, Hindi Primary School, Edu Nova, St. Stephen's Higher Secondary School, R.R.Dabiyal Primary School, Government Engineering College.

St. Mary's School, Government Polytechnic, M.Y. High School, S&I Dadararwala higher secondary school, Little Flowers School, Shashi Dhan Day School, Jamali English School, Burhani English Medium School, R.L. Pandya High School, Sunrise Public School, Kendriya Vidyalaya, Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya, Shree Gnanjyot Secondary and High Secondary School, and Aadivasi Secondary and Higher Secondary School. Many other village government schools.

== Cuisine ==
{{unreferenced section|date=October 2017}}
[[Kachori]], [[Samosa]], [[Ratlami sev]] and [[Panipuri]] are the main ''[[List of Indian snacks|namkeen]]'' of the city. Dahod is also known for [[Mattha]] and [[Pakwan]].

== Health ==
Dahod is also a medical hub for Gujarat, and surrounding areas of Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh. Dahod hosts some non-profit health centers like Urban
hospital, Anjuman Trust, and Government Hospital. Drashtri Netralaya<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.drashtinetralaya.org/home.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100610220113/http://drashtinetralaya.org/home.html |archive-date=10 June 2010 |title=Drashti Netralaya}}</ref> is a famous non-profit eye clinic with a staff of 20+ specialists. It also offers a Bachelor in Optometry course and DNB OPHTHALMOLOGY SINCE 2006

==Economy==
=== Engineering ===
Dahod is a city in the Indian state of Gujarat, and it is home to a growing engineering sector. The city has a number of small and medium-sized engineering firms that specialize in areas such as [[metal fabrication]], [[machining]], and tool and die making. Additionally, there are several larger companies that have established manufacturing operations in Dahod, including [[Siemens (India)|Siemens India]], which plans to manufacture and maintain freight [[locomotive]]s at its facility in the city.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-01-19 |title=Siemens sign contract worth ₹26,000 cr for Dahod Locomotive Project in Gujarat |url=https://www.deshgujarat.com/2023/01/19/siemens-sign-contract-worth-₹26000-cr-for-dahod-locomotive-project-in-gujarat/ |access-date=2023-04-07 |website=DeshGujarat |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Jaiswar |first=Pooja Sitaram |date=2022-12-08 |title=Siemens shares extend rally after winning ₹20,000 cr Dahod locomotives project |url=https://www.livemint.com/market/stock-market-news/siemens-shares-extend-rally-after-winning-rs-20-000-cr-dahod-locomotives-project-should-you-buy-11670469679605.html |access-date=2023-04-07 |website=www.livemint.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Indian Railways issues Letter of Award for Manufacturing and Maintenance of 9000 HP Electric Freight Locomotives to Siemens, India |url=https://pib.gov.in/pib.gov.in/Pressreleaseshare.aspx?PRID=1886240 |access-date=2023-04-07 |website=pib.gov.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Siemens Mobility awarded a €3 billion project in India – large ... |url=https://press.siemens.com/global/en/pressrelease/siemens-mobility-awarded-eu3-billion-project-india-largest-locomotive-order-company |access-date=2023-04-07 |website=press.siemens.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=www.ETEnergyworld.com |title=Siemens lowest bidder for manufacturing 1,200 electric locomotives worth Rs 20,000 cr - ET EnergyWorld |url=https://energy.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/power/siemens-lowest-bidder-for-manufacturing-1200-electric-locomotives-worth-rs-20000-cr/96044480 |access-date=2023-04-07 |website=ETEnergyworld.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Railways awards ₹26,000-cr contract to Siemens India in Dahod |url=https://www.fortuneindia.com/macro/railways-awards-26000-cr-contract-to-siemens-india/110881 |access-date=2023-04-07 |website=www.fortuneindia.com |language=en}}</ref>

== Arts and authors ==
The town's ''Najmi Masjeed'' mosque, inaugurated in 2002, is one of the largest mosques in the [[Dawoodi Bohra]] community. Dahod is also famous for its handicraft products by Sahaj- An Organisation for Women's Development, an NGO with outreach to 3000 women. Founded in 2001, Sahaj creates fine handicraft products and is an established brand in tribal handicraft in India and the world.
Sachin Desai publish dahod histrory's three gujarati book name with ''dahod dot com'', ''atit na ovare, vikas na pagthare: dahod'' ane ''Dahod gatha''. he write so many articals about dahod's history.

==Climate==
{{Weather box
|location = Dahod (1981–2010, extremes 1932–2003)
|metric first = yes
|single line = yes
| Jan record high C = 35.0
| Feb record high C = 42.0
| Mar record high C = 44.4
| Apr record high C = 45.4
| May record high C = 45.8
| Jun record high C = 47.0
| Jul record high C = 35.0
| Aug record high C = 36.5
| Sep record high C = 39.6
| Oct record high C = 40.2
| Nov record high C = 39.6
| Dec record high C = 35.0
|year record high C = 47.0
| Jan high C = 28.3
| Feb high C = 30.5
| Mar high C = 34.9
| Apr high C = 38.2
| May high C = 39.4
| Jun high C = 36.3
| Jul high C = 31.1
| Aug high C = 29.4
| Sep high C = 31.6
| Oct high C = 34.2
| Nov high C = 32.1
| Dec high C = 29.2
|year high C = 32.9
| Jan low C = 11.7
| Feb low C = 13.7
| Mar low C = 18.5
| Apr low C = 22.7
| May low C = 25.1
| Jun low C = 24.8
| Jul low C = 23.3
| Aug low C = 22.8
| Sep low C = 22.5
| Oct low C = 19.7
| Nov low C = 15.2
| Dec low C = 11.9
|year low C = 19.3
| Jan record low C = 0.0
| Feb record low C = 2.2
| Mar record low C = 9.0
| Apr record low C = 12.1
| May record low C = 17.5
| Jun record low C = 18.6
| Jul record low C = 17.1
| Aug record low C = 16.6
| Sep record low C = 16.3
| Oct record low C = 11.7
| Nov record low C = 7.6
| Dec record low C = 5.0
|year record low C = 0.0
| rain colour = green
| Jan rain mm = 3.7
| Feb rain mm = 0.0
| Mar rain mm = 0.1
| Apr rain mm = 4.2
| May rain mm = 7.6
| Jun rain mm = 100.6
| Jul rain mm = 236.3
| Aug rain mm = 234.3
| Sep rain mm = 112.2
| Oct rain mm = 36.7
| Nov rain mm = 15.8
| Dec rain mm = 3.4
|year rain mm = 754.9
| Jan rain days = 0.3
| Feb rain days = 0.0
| Mar rain days = 0.0
| Apr rain days = 0.1
| May rain days = 0.5
| Jun rain days = 4.7
| Jul rain days = 11.1
| Aug rain days = 9.9
| Sep rain days = 5.1
| Oct rain days = 1.8
| Nov rain days = 0.5
| Dec rain days = 0.3
|year rain days = 34.3
|time day = 17:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| Jan humidity = 32
| Feb humidity = 26
| Mar humidity = 22
| Apr humidity = 22
| May humidity = 29
| Jun humidity = 45
| Jul humidity = 68
| Aug humidity = 74
| Sep humidity = 61
| Oct humidity = 40
| Nov humidity = 34
| Dec humidity = 35
|year humidity = 41
|source 1 = [[India Meteorological Department]]<ref name=IMDnormals>
{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200205040301/http://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/1981-2010%20CLIM%20NORMALS%20%28STATWISE%29.pdf
| archive-date = 5 February 2020
| url = https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/1981-2010%20CLIM%20NORMALS%20%28STATWISE%29.pdf
| title = Station: Dohad Climatological Table 1981–2010
| work = Climatological Normals 1981–2010
| publisher = India Meteorological Department
| date = January 2015
| pages = 257–258
| access-date = 28 September 2020}}</ref><ref name=IMDextremes>
{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200205042509/http://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/EXTREMES%20OF%20TEMPERATURE%20and%20RAINFALL%20upto%202012.pdf
| archive-date = 5 February 2020
| url = https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/EXTREMES%20OF%20TEMPERATURE%20and%20RAINFALL%20upto%202012.pdf
| title = Extremes of Temperature & Rainfall for Indian Stations (Up to 2012)
| publisher = India Meteorological Department
| date = December 2016
| page = M53
| access-date = 28 September 2020}}</ref>
}}

== Transport ==
[[File:Dahod Bus stand.jpg|thumb|GSRTC Bus station, Dahod]]

===Road ways===

Road Connectivity
Dahod is connected to all major towns of Gujarat by public transport service operated by [[GSRTC]].

===Rail Ways===

[[Dahod railway station]] is located on [[New Delhi–Mumbai main line]], Many Superfast and Express train halts in the railway station. <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.ndtv.com/indian-railway/dahod-dhd-station |title=Dahod Railway Station (DHD) : Station Code, Time Table, Map, Enquiry |publisher=[[NDTV]] |location=India |access-date=2019-01-21}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url=https://indiarailinfo.com/arrivals/dahod-dhd/875| title=DHD/Dahod| website=India Rail Info}}</ref>

===Airport===

Nearest Airports are [[Vadodara Airport]] (125 km), [[Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel International Airport|Ahmedabad Airport]] (210 km) and [[Devi Ahilya Bai Holkar Airport|Indore Airport]] (190 km).

'''City'''

Dahod is a city but nearest city to Dahod is Indore .

==References==
<references></references>

[[Category:Cities and towns in Dahod district]]

Jayadeva birth controversy

2025-12-29T10:21:33Z

FinlayPulido6: started new article w/ refs - done

{{Short description|Birth controversy}}
The birthplace of the twelfth-century Sanskrit poet [[Jayadeva]], author of the [[Gita Govinda|Gitagovinda]], has been disputed, with the neighboring states of [[Odisha]], [[West Bengal]] and the region of [[Mithila (region)|Mithila]] in the state of [[Bihar]] staking a claim.<ref name=":3" /> This had led to a bitter feud between people on both sides that lasted for over a century.<ref>
{{cite web|url=http://orissamatters.com/news/index.php/2001/12/11/bengalis-had-a-jayadeva-too/
|title=Bengalis had a Jayadeva too
|date=11 December 2001
}}</ref> The issue is still debated by scholars.<ref>{{cite book|last=Reddy|first=William|title=Longing and Sexuality in Europe, South Asia, and Japan, 900-1200 CE|year=2012|publisher=University of Chicago Press|isbn=9780226706283|page=257|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qrKScdZ8M8kC&q=Jayadeva+bengal&pg=PA257}}</ref>

==Bengali view==
A few earlier accounts by Bengali writers had linked Jayadeva to the famous king of Bengal [[Lakshman Sen|Lakshmana Sena]], the fourth ruler of the [[Sena dynasty]] and the last [[Hindu]] ruler of unified [[Bengal]].
These views originated from a single Bengali book, ''Jayadeva Charita'' authored by ''Banamali Das'', then subsequently disseminated by Bengali historians. The book was written in 1803 when little was known about the poet's life. Since this was the only published source of information then, it eventually came to be accepted that Jayadeva may have been born in Bengal. This idea was further propagated in 1906 through an article by a certain M. M. Chakraborty where he mentioned that the great poet belonged to Bengal in [[The Asiatic Society]].<ref name=":4">{{cite web |url=http://www.newindpress.com/NewsItems.asp?ID=IEQ20070602222030&Page=Q&Title=ORISSA&Topic=0 |title=Poet Jaydev belonged to Orissa: Bengal scholar |date=6 March 2007 |access-date=3 June 2007 |archive-date=27 September 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927004927/http://www.newindpress.com/NewsItems.asp?ID=IEQ20070602222030&Page=Q&Title=ORISSA&Topic=0 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Since Jayadeva mentions the village of ''Kindubilva'' as his birthplace, a location in Birbhum, where a traditional [[Baul]] festival is held each year, was identified to have been the original ''Kenduli'' village of Jayadeva. Under the assumption that the illustrious poet was born there, that festival too became associated with Jayadeva. A nearby village acquired the sobriquet of "Jayadeva Kenduli" and became a tourist attraction, and the Baul festival was renamed as "Jayadeva Mela". Jayadeva lived for a long time in Navadwip during the reign of the king of Bengal, Lakshman Sen, making his home not far from the king's palace. At that time, the king's chief scholar was Govardhan Acharya. According to [[Ashutosh Deb]]'s Bengali dictionary, Jayadeva was Lakshman Sen's court poet.{{Citation needed|date=July 2023|reason=No source cited for Jayadeva's stay in Nabadwip. Govardhana Acharya's being in the Sena court is disputed. A particular scholar can be cited instead of giving the appearance that this is the prevalent consensus.}}

Shrila [[Bhaktivinoda Thakur]] writes in his ''Navadvipa-dhama-mahatmya'' that Lakshman Sen was delighted when he heard Jayadeva's hymn to the ten incarnations, the Dasavatara-stotra. When Govardhan Acharya notified the king that it was Jayadeva who had composed the hymn, he became desirous to meet the poet. He went incognito to Jayadeva's house and when he saw him, he noticed that Jayadeva possessed all the characteristics of a great and powerful spiritual personality.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hindubooks.org/temples/bengal/birbhum/page2.htm |title=The temples of Birbhum |access-date=2007-05-15 |archive-date=2016-04-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160415232316/http://www.hindubooks.org/temples/bengal/birbhum/page2.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> In spite of having originated centuries later during the time of [[Chaitanya Mahaprabhu|Chaitanya]]. Also The Krishna worshipping was prevailing in Bengal from long time before Sri Chaitanya. In the Gaudiya Vaishnava Abhidhana, it is stated that Jayadeva found his Radha Madhava Deities in this river's waters. It is also stated there that he used to rest and worship at the Temple of Shiva known as Kusheshwar, which is also on the banks of the Ajaya River.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dailyexcelsior.com/web1/03nov14/national.htm#1 |title=Scholars provide new twist to Jayadev birth controversy |access-date=2007-05-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927201547/http://www.dailyexcelsior.com/web1/03nov14/national.htm#1 |archive-date=2007-09-27 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

Since Jayadeva's composition, including the Gita Govinda clearly were composed in Puri in Odisha, Bengali historians who supported the idea that Jayadeva must have been from that state, went on to explain that the poet eventually settled in Puri in that state where he began composing poetry.

Sikh encyclopedist [[Kahn Singh Nabha]] writes in his Encyclopedia [[Mahan Kosh]] (1926) that Jayadev was born in Kendooli, [[Birbhum district]], Bengal.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Nabha, Kahan Singh Bhai.|url=http://worldcat.org/oclc/650255395|title=Gurshabad ratnakar : mahan kosh.|date=1995|publisher=National Book Shop|oclc=650255395}}</ref>

[[Sahitya Akademi]]'s ''[[Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature|The Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature]]'' describes Jayadeva as a "Brahman [sic] of Bengal", who lived between 1201–1245.''<ref name=":6">{{Cite book |last=Datta |first=Amaresh |title=Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature: A-Devo, Volume 1 |publisher=Sahitya Akademi |year=1987 |isbn=9788126018031 |pages=79 |quote=}}</ref>''

==Odia view==
[[File:Ancient stone idol of poet Jayadeba at Akhandaleswara Temple, Prataparudrapura, Odisha.jpg|thumb|Ancient stone idol of Jayadeba at Akhandaleswara Temple, Prataparudrapura, Odisha]]
Proponents of the Odia view cite evidence from archaeological, epigraphical, literary and musicological sources, among others.<ref name=":5">{{Cite book |last1=Pathy |first1=Dinanath |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CKL-lgEACAAJ |title=Gītagovinda and Odisha |last2=Rath |first2=Bijaya Kumar |date=2012 |publisher=Niyogi Books |isbn=978-93-81523-50-6 |language=en}}</ref> Archaeological discoveries establish Jayadeva's extended presence in Odisha. There also exists a village called ''Kenduli Sasana'' in Odisha where the Hindu deity [[Krishna]], who was also the main theme in Jayadeva's works, has traditionally been worshipped as the main god. Coincidentally, the inhabitants of that village also worship Jayadeva. A ''Sasana'' is a name for villages that traditionally were centers of [[Brahmin]] scholarly activity in Odisha, and Jayadeva himself was a Brahmin. The Gitagovinda is said to have been composed in the Dasavatara Matha on Badadanda, Puri.<ref name=":5" />

Furthermore, researchers opine that Jayadeva is among the central-most figures in Odia culture.<ref>
{{cite book|url=http://www.alibris.com/search/books/qwork/3417472/used/Jayadeva%20and%20Gitagovinda%20in%20the%20Traditions%20of%20Orissa
|title=Jayadeva and Gitagovinda in the Traditions of Orissa
|year=1995}}
</ref><ref>
{{cite web|url=http://www.orissa.gov.in/e-magazine/Orissareview/Aug2006/engpdf/56-57.pdf
|title=Influence of Gitagovinda on Orissa's Culture
|year=2006}}
</ref> Jayadeva's works, they observe, have spread to southern India, but are rare in neighboring [[Bengal]].<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.sankeertanam.com/saints%20texts/Jayadeva%20%26%20Gita%20Govindam_2003_SK.pdf
|title=Musical Saints of India: Excerpts from a musical discourse on Bhakta Jayadeva and Gita Govindam
|year=2003
|access-date=2007-05-15
|archive-date=2017-12-15
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171215100851/http://www.sankeertanam.com/saints%20texts/Jayadeva%20%26%20Gita%20Govindam_2003_SK.pdf
|url-status=dead
}}</ref> It has been pointed out that the Gita Govinda's influence outside Odisha is most felt in the southern states of [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[Kerala]] and [[Tamil Nadu]], where verses of the poet's work have been incorporated into the [[Kuchipudi]], [[Kathakali]] and [[Bharatanatyam]] classical dance forms respectively.<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.sankeertanam.com/saints%20texts/Jayadeva%20%26%20Gita%20Govindam_2003_SK.pdf
|title=Saints of India Excerpts on a musician discourses on Bhakta Jayadeva and Gita Govindam
|year=2003
|access-date=2007-05-15
|archive-date=2017-12-15
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171215100851/http://www.sankeertanam.com/saints%20texts/Jayadeva%20%26%20Gita%20Govindam_2003_SK.pdf
|url-status=dead
}}</ref> It is Jayadeva's ''ashtapadi''s that are sung in dance performances of [[Odissi]], the classical dance of Odisha.<ref>
{{cite web|url=http://www.krepublishers.com/02-Journals/JSS/JSS-08-0-000-000-2004-Web/JSS-08-2-085-178-2004-Abst-PDF/JSS-08-2-113-127-2004-Hacker/JSS-08-2-113-127-2004-Hacker.pdf
|title=Dressing Lord Jagannatha in Silk: Cloth, Clothes, and Status
|year=2004}}
</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Citaristi |first=Ileana |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=b2J6EAAAQBAJ&dq=gitagovinda+odissi&pg=PT217 |title=Odissi and the Geeta Govinda |date=2022-10-06 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |isbn=978-1-000-78098-7 |language=en}}</ref> Traditional [[Odissi music|Odissi Music]] is based on [[raga]]s and [[Tala (music)|tala]]s specified by Jayadeva's hymns.<ref>
{{cite web|url=http://www.orissa.gov.in/e-magazine/Orissareview/sept-oct2006/engpdf/37-40.pdf
|title=Sri Jayadev's Music and Its Impact on the Culture of Odisha
|year=2004}}
</ref> Jayadeva was a devotee of Krishna, and Krishna in the form of [[Jagannath]] is the central deity of Odisha, whereas the female deity [[Durga]] is prominent in Bengal.<ref>
{{cite web|url=http://www.orissa.gov.in/e-magazine/Orissareview/june2006/engpdf/158-163.pdf
|title=The lord and his land
|year=2006}}
</ref><ref>{{cite web
|url=http://orissagov.nic.in/e-magazine/Orissareview/july2003/englishchpter/The%20Cult%20of%20Jagannath.pdf
|title=The cult of Jagannath
|year=2003
|access-date=2007-05-17
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927211152/http://orissagov.nic.in/e-magazine/Orissareview/july2003/englishchpter/The%20Cult%20of%20Jagannath.pdf
|archive-date=2007-09-27
|url-status=dead
}}</ref> The [[Gita Govinda]] composed by Jayadeva is one of the popular themes in the traditional ''[[pattachitra]]'' paintings of Odisha.<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://orissagov.nic.in/e-magazine/orissaannualreference/ORA-2004/pdf/eminent_literacy_luminaries_of_orissa.pdf
|title=Eminent literary luminaries of Odisha
|year=2004
|access-date=2007-05-15
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927211059/http://orissagov.nic.in/e-magazine/orissaannualreference/ORA-2004/pdf/eminent_literacy_luminaries_of_orissa.pdf
|archive-date=2007-09-27
|url-status=dead
}}</ref><ref name=":5" /> Additionally, a highly Sanskritized and sophisticated classical culture had been firmly entrenched in Odisha during that period, while neighboring Bengal only had a folk based culture until recent times.{{citation needed|date=July 2023}}

===Archaeological evidence===
Supporters of Odisha as his birthplace, including the [[Government of Odisha|Odisha state government]], argue that the archaeological records, including temple inscriptions, [[Palm-leaf manuscript|palm leaf manuscripts]] and lithographs of that era have revealed the poet's Odia origin.<ref>
{{cite web
|url = http://orissagov.nic.in/e-magazine/Orissareview/jan2004/englishpdf/chapter4.pdf
|title = Historical Perspective of Saint Poet Sri Jayadev
|year = 2006
|url-status = dead
|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20070930015045/http://orissagov.nic.in/e-magazine/Orissareview/jan2004/englishpdf/chapter4.pdf
|archivedate = 2007-09-30
}}
</ref> The worship of the Hindu deity, Krishna, in the form of [[Jagannath]] was widespread in Odisha during Jayadeva's birth.<ref>
{{cite web|url=http://orissagov.nic.in/e-magazine/Journal/jounalvol1/pdf/orhj-6.pdf
|title=Panoramic palmleaf manuscripts of Odisha
|year=2006}}
</ref> On the other hand, they argue that there is no archaeological evidence of such worship in Bengal until the arrival of [[Chaitanya Mahaprabhu|Chaitanya]], which was over three centuries after the era of Jayadeva.<ref>
{{cite web|url=http://orissagov.nic.in/e-magazine/Orissareview/july2003/englishchpter/Jagannatha%20Puri%20as%20a%20Centre%20of%20Culture.pdf
|title=Jagannatha Puri as a Centre of Culture Through the Ages
|year=2004}}
</ref> Inscription at the ''[[Lingaraja Temple|Lingaraja temple]]'' in [[Bhubaneswar]] tells us that Jayadeva had been a member of the teaching faculty of the school at ''Srikurmapataka''. The inscriptions, that refer to "Sadhu Pradhana Jayadeva" were carved by the Odisha monarch of that period.<ref>
{{cite web|url=http://www.orissa.gov.in/e-magazine/Orissareview/April2006/engpdf/sanskrit_scholars_of_orissa.pdf
|title=Sanskrit Scholars of Orissa
|year=2006}}
</ref> Later discoveries of inscriptions at the ''[[Mukhalingam|Madhukeswara]]'' and ''[[Varaha Lakshmi Narasimha temple, Simhachalam|Simhachala]]'' temples, temples erected by Odia monarchs, are believed to establish the linkage between Jayadeva and the dancing families of ''Kurmapataka'', who held sway during the reign of [[Chodaganga Deva]].<ref>
{{cite web|url=http://www.orissa.gov.in/e-magazine/Orissareview/june2006/engpdf/58-61.pdf
|title=Sri Jagannath Temple: The Nerve Centre of Odishian Culture
|year=2006}}
</ref>

Thomas Donaldson, a scholar of architecture and sculpture of Odisha, remarks on the controversy:<blockquote>
"Many scholars identify this Kenduvilva with a site of the Ajaya river in the Birbhum district of Bengal. More convincing, however are arguments of Orissan scholars such as K. Mahapatra and B. Rath, who identify it with the village of Kenduli in the Puri district of Orissa, between the Prachi and Kusabhadra rivers."<ref name=":0">
{{cite book |last1=Donaldson |first1=Thomas E. |title=Kamadeva's Pleasure Garden: Orissa |year=1987 |isbn=8170183936 |pages=365–377|publisher=B.R. Publishing Corporation }}
</ref></blockquote>

=== Evidence based on medieval manuscripts ===
Historian Kedarnath Mahapatra refers to the evidence in manuscripts to observe historical opinions on the controversy,<ref>{{Cite book |title=A Descriptive Catalogue of Sanskrit Manuscripts of Orissa, in the Collection of the Orissa State Museum, Bhubaneswar |publisher=Department of Cultural Affairs, Government of Orissa |editor-last=Mahapatra |editor-first=Kedarnath |volume=II |location=Bhubaneswar, Odisha}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Chatterji |first=Suniti Kumar |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aHV1AAAAIAAJ |title=Jayadeva |date=1973 |publisher=Sahitya Akademi |pages= |language=en |chapter=Jayadeva - claimed by Bengal, Orissa and Mithila}}</ref> "There is little evidence, literary or archaeological, that the Gitagovinda was popular in Bengal prior to the advent of Chaitanya. In fact, Chaitanya first discovered the jewel of Gitagovinda when he visited Puri in AD 1590, and came to realize the religious significance of the work from Raya Ramananda on the banks of the Godavari when he went on pilgrimage to the south."<ref name=":0" /> Donaldson adds that "In Orissa, on the other hand, the popularity of the Gitagovinda was almost immediate and the two earliest commentaries on the poem were produced there, the ''Bhavavibhavini'' by Udayana Acharya (AD 1190) and the ''Sarvangasundari'' by Kaviraja Narayana Dasa."<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":3">{{Cite book |last=Śrī Jayadeva |first=Kaviraja |title=Śrī Gītagovindamahākāvyam (with Sarvāngasundarī and Śrutiranjanī commentaries) |publisher=Directorate of Culture, Odisha |year=1985 |editor-last=Panda |editor-first=Dr. Bhagaban |location=Bhubaneswar, Odisha}}</ref>[[File:Odissi_poet_Gopalakrusna's_handwritten_Gitagobinda_Pothi.jpg|thumb|345x345px|Handwritten palm leaf manuscript of Jayadeva's ''Gitagovinda'' by the medieval [[Odissi music|Odissi musician-poet]] Gopalakrusna Pattanayaka of [[Paralakhemundi]]]]
Furthermore, scholars maintain that accounts by numerous medieval authors, such as Chandra Dutta of [[Mithila (region)|Mithila]] and Navaji of [[Gwalior]] support Odisha as the poet's birthplace. The poet Mahipati of [[Maharashtra]] writes in his book ''Bhakti Vijaya'', that Jayadeva's native village was very close to Puri.<ref>
{{cite book
|last=Abbott
|first=Justin E.
|author2=N.R. Godbole
|title=Stories of Indian Saints: Translation of Mahipati's Marathi poem Bhakta-Vijaya
|year=1999
|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass Publishers Pvt. Ltd.
|isbn=81-208-0469-4
}}
</ref> The Assamese text, ''Sampradaya Kula Dipak'' as well as the Telugu text, ''Sanskrita Kavi Jivani'', contain elaborate descriptions of the poet's birth taking place near the Jagannath Dham in Utkala. Another book, ''Vaishnava Lilamruta'' by Madhaba Patnaik, who lived in the sixteenth century and was contemporaneous to [[Chaitanya Mahaprabhu|Chaitanya]], clearly mentions that the poet was born near Puri.<ref name=":3" />

Some further details about Jayadeva have been garnered from Madhaba Patnaik's book. It gives a clear account of Chaitanya's visit to Puri and mentions that Chaitanya paid a visit to Kenduli Sasan near Puri to pay homage to Jayadeva and to sing passages from the Gita Govinda. The book mentions that Kenduli Sasan was in fact the birthplace of the illustrious poet. It also gives an account of Jayadeva's early life based on the legends around Puri.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Paṭṭanāyaka |first=Mādhaba |title=Baiṣṇaba Lilāmṛuta |publisher=Pradeep Publications |year=1986 |editor-last=Acharya |editor-first=Brundaban Chandra |location=Sambalpur |language=or |script-title=or:ବୈଷ୍ଣବ ଲୀଳାମୃତ}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Tripathy |first=Ajit Kumar |date=May 2012 |title=Madhav Patnaik on Jayadev |url=http://magazines.odisha.gov.in/Orissareview/2012/May/engpdf/4-6.pdf |journal=Odisha Review}}</ref>

=== Evidence from Jayadeva's own writings ===
Some historians now suggest that some of the poet's own compositions in Odia unequivocally support the idea that Jayadeva belonged to Puri, Odisha.<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://orissagov.nic.in/e-magazine/Orissareview/july2003/englishchpter/Hymns%20to%20Jagannatha.pdf
|title=Hymns to Jagannatha
|year=2006
|access-date=2007-05-15
|archive-date=2009-04-10
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090410165755/http://orissagov.nic.in/e-magazine/Orissareview/july2003/englishchpter/Hymns%20to%20Jagannatha.pdf
|url-status=dead
}}</ref> For example Jayadeva mentions his birthplace as "Kendubilva by the sea" ("''Kendubilva Samudra Sambhava''") in his 7th ''Ashtapadi'', and Birbhum, unlike Puri, does not abut on the sea. Jayadeva used to bathe each morning in the banks of a river, mentions the book ''Bhaktamala''. A. K. Tripathy, an eminent scholar on Jayadeva, and P. C. Tripathy point out that the poet could never have walked daily to the river ''Ajeya'' which is 36 miles away from the Bengali village, unlike the ''Prachi'' river upon whose banks is situated the Kenduli village near Puri. Jayadeva's hymns refer to the ocean using the Sanskrit word "''[[Mahodadhi]]''", which is a typical name given to the sea in Puri.<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.orissatourism.gov.in/new/shreksh_festival.htm
|title=Shreekshetra Utsav: The Puri festival
|access-date=2006-10-28
|archive-date=2015-09-24
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924061723/http://www.orissatourism.gov.in/new/shreksh_festival.htm
|url-status=dead
}}</ref><ref>
{{cite book
|last=Tripathy
|first=A. K.
|author2=P. C. Tripathy
|title=The Gita Govinda of Sri Jayadev
|year=2006
|publisher=Publication Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India
|isbn=81-230-1313-2}}
</ref> It's also argued that one of Jayadeva's compositions remotely suggest that he ever served in the court of any monarch. Besides, Lakshmana Sena ruled Birbhum between 1179 AD and 1185 AD, that was just about a few years after birth of the poet. Bengali scholars, Dr. Satyakam Sengupta and Dr. Ashis Chakravarti have confirmed Jayadeva's birth in Kendubilva of Prachi valley of Orissa, based on their research findings.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book |first= |title=Sri Jayadeva's Gita Govinda : with illustrations and commentary by Dhananjaya |collaboration=Ajit Kumar Tripathy, Thomas E. Donaldson |publisher=Odisha State Museum |year=2008 |editor-last=Malla |editor-first=Dr. Bhagyalipi |location=Bhubaneswar, Odisha |pages=12–19 |chapter=Introduction - Dr. Bhagyalipi Malla}}</ref><ref name=":4" />

=== Musicological evidence ===
Various scholars have analysed the ''ragas'' and ''talas'' employed by Jayadeva, considered to be the first lyric in Sanskrit where the parameters of classical music have been delineated by the author. The ragas and talas employed by Jayadeva are peculiar to the tradition of [[Odissi music]] and this has been independently observed by several scholars as an indication of the poet's Odia origin.<ref name=":3" /> Pt. [[Gopal Chandra Panda]], who has done extensive research on traditional Odissi music renditions of the Gitagovinda, writes :<blockquote>Jayadeva's Gitagovinda forms an inextricable part of Odissi classical music. The ragas used by Jayadeva such as ''Mangala Gujjari, Baradi, Desa Baradi'' are found only in Orissan ''kabya''s, ''kabita'', ''chhanda'' and ''chaupadi''; these ragas are not found to be in usage outside Odisha. Why only ragas, according to many early commentators the talas used by Jayadeva such as '''Astatali''<nowiki/>' are only found in Odisha, and are not found to be in use anywhere else. From these musicological points it is very clear that Jayadeva is Odia.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Panda |first=Gopal Chandra |title=Sri Gita Gobinda Swara Lipi |publisher=Smt. Bhagabati Panda |year=1995 |location=Bhubaneswar, Odisha |language=or |trans-title=Notations of the Gita Govinda |author-link=Gopal Chandra Panda}}</ref></blockquote>In contrast, according to Thomas Donaldson, "Jayadeva's ragas do not match the lyrical patterns of Bengal, which unlike Odisha, does not even possess a classical vocal tradition" "It is also noteworthy that all the musical notes (ragas) used in the Gitagovinda are fully utilized with greater dimensions by the old Oriya writers whereas these ragas are rarely met with in old Bengali literature".<ref name=":0" /><ref>
{{cite web |year=2006 |title=A Cult to Salvage Mankind |url=http://www.orissa.gov.in/e-magazine/Orissareview/june2006/engpdf/or-june-06.pdf}}
</ref> The lack of correlation between Bengali traditional music and the compositions of Jayadeva were independently observed in Barbara Stoler Miller's book, ''[[Love Song of the Dark Lord]]''.

Musicologist Kirtan Narayan Parhi affirms this, with special reference to the ''tala''s referred to by Jayadeva :<blockquote>Jayadeva has composed this illustrious Gitagovinda as per the specifications of the ''Udramagadhi Pravrtti'', ''Ardhamagadhi padasrita Giti'', ''Bhinna Svarasrita Giti'' and ''Nava Talasrita Giti''. The songs of the Gitagovinda are set to talas such as Rupaka, Nihsara, Jati, Astatala and Ekatali which are included in ''navatala''s, commonly used in Odishi (music) till to-day. One has to acknowledge that the Gitagovinda was written in order to be sung before Lord Jagannatha and since then (12th century) the recital has been continued as a daily ritual in Srimandira to entertain the Lord.'''<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Parhi |first=Dr. Kirtan Narayan |title=The Classicality of Orissi Music |publisher=Maxcurious Publications Pvt. Ltd. |year=2017 |isbn=9788193215128 |location=India |pages=383 |author-link=Kirtan Narayan Parhi}}</ref>'''</blockquote>

==The ''Kaun Banega Crorepati'' faux pas==
The April 16, 2007 episode of the popular Indian TV game show ''[[Kaun Banega Crorepati]]'' (KBC III) mentioned Jayadeva as the court poet of king Lakshmanasena of Bengal. This triggered an immediate volley of protests by the culture-aware people of Odisha. Shah Rukh Khan, the game show's host was denounced for spreading false information. The government of Odisha has also demanded an apology from ''Kaun Banega Crorepati'' as it claims that the game show "mutilated historical facts" and "hurt the feelings of the people of Odisha".<ref>
{{cite news|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2007-04-22/india/27869954_1_kbc-poet-odisha-government |archive-url=https://archive.today/20131113183649/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2007-04-22/india/27869954_1_kbc-poet-odisha-government |url-status=dead |archive-date=2013-11-13 |title=Odisha wants KBC apology for wrong info on poet
|accessdate=2007-04-22|first1=Sandeep|last1=Mishra|work=[[The Times of India]] |date=2007-04-22}}</ref> The Jayadeva Foundation Trust launched a protest against the TV show.<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.chennaionline.com/colnews/newsitem.asp?NEWSID=%7B945D28F4-59FB-4A8C-AC52-39BA3207E753%7D&CATEGORYNAME=NATL
|title=Odisha to file complaint against Star
|year=2007
|accessdate=2007-04-20
|archive-date=2007-10-07
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071007155031/http://www.chennaionline.com/colnews/newsitem.asp?NEWSID=%7B945D28F4-59FB-4A8C-AC52-39BA3207E753%7D&CATEGORYNAME=NATL
|url-status=dead
}}</ref><ref>
{{cite web|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2007-04-22/india/27869954_1_kbc-poet-orissa-government
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121016192942/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2007-04-22/india/27869954_1_kbc-poet-orissa-government
|url-status=dead
|archive-date=2012-10-16
|work=[[The Times of India]]
|title=Orissa wants KBC apology for wrong info on poet
|year=2007}}</ref> Some scholars have expressed concern over the false depiction of Jayadeva's origin by Kaun Banega Crorepati, which they call a "historical humbug".<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/2007/05/02/stories/2007050211580500.htm
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071001062516/http://www.hindu.com/2007/05/02/stories/2007050211580500.htm
|url-status=dead
|archive-date=2007-10-01
|title=Wrong depiction of poet in TV shows irks scholars
| location=Chennai, India|work=[[The Hindu]]
|date=2007-05-02}}</ref>

==Postage stamps commemorating Jayadeva's birth ==
In July 2009, the government of India's Department of Posts has decided to release 11 stamps in Bhubaneswar to commemorate the birth of Jayadeva. One stamp depicts the poet himself, while the other ten show the 10 incarnations of [[Vishnu]], or [[Dasavatara]], that the poet popularized in his epic poem, the [[Gita Govinda]].<ref>{{cite news
|url=http://www.hindu.com/2009/07/28/stories/2009072852830300.htm
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100616202305/http://www.hindu.com/2009/07/28/stories/2009072852830300.htm
|url-status=dead
|archive-date=2010-06-16
|title=Commemorative stamp on Jayadev released
| location=Chennai, India
|work=[[The Hindu]]
|date=2009-07-28}}</ref> Chief Minister Naveen Patnaik unveiled the stamps at a special function in Jayadev Bhawan. The stamps are in the denomination of Rs 5. A total of 800,000 stamps were released for sale in Odisha.<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://orissadiary.com/CurrentNews.asp?id=13639
|title=Odisha CM releases postal stamp on poet Jaydev
|year=2009
|access-date=2009-07-28
|archive-date=2011-07-24
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110724235444/http://orissadiary.com/CurrentNews.asp?id=13639
|url-status=dead
}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.tathya.in/2009/story.asp?sno=3133
|title=Postal stamp on Jayadev
|year=2009
}}{{Dead link|date=February 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

==See also==
{{portal|Poetry
}}
* [[Kenduli Sasan]]
* [[Jaydev Kenduli]]

== References ==
{{Reflist|3}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Jayadeva Birth Controversy}}
[[Category:Jayadeva]]
[[Category:Indian literature]]
[[Category:Controversies in India]]
[[Category:Birthplaces]]

Meghalaya State Information Commission

2025-12-08T13:56:15Z

FinlayPulido6: Added pg

{{Short description|Statutory body in Meghalaya, India}}
{{Infobox high court
| court_name = Meghalaya State Information Commission
|| native_name =
| established = 2 March 2006
| location = 1st Floor, New Administrative Building, Lower Lachumiere, Shillong – 793001,Meghalaya, India.<ref name="meic ref1">{{cite web |title=Meghalaya State Information Commission |url=http://megsic.gov.in/contactus.html |website=Meghalaya State Information Commission |access-date=19 January 2022}}</ref>
| appeals =
| terms = 3 years from the date of entering office or up to 65 years of [[Ageing|age]] (whichever is earlier)
| authority = [[Right to Information Act, 2005]]
| website = http://megsic.gov.in/contactus.html
| motto = सूचना जनाधिकार:॥ ''(Soochna Janadhikaraha) Information is the right of the people.'' ([[Sanskrit]])
| chiefjudgetitle = State Chief Information Commissioner
| chiefjudgename = Shri H. Nongpluh, IPS (Retd)
| chiefjudgetitle2 =
| chiefjudgename2 =
}}

'''Meghalaya State Information Commission''' is an [[Autonomy|autonomous]] and [[Statute|statutory]] body constituted by the state government of [[Meghalaya]] through a notification in [[Government gazette|official Gazette]].

== History and objective ==

Meghalaya State Information Commission has to be constituted as per The Right to Information Act, 2005 by the State Governments in India through a notification in official Gazette.<ref name="sic ref1">{{cite news |title=State Information Commission: Composition, Power and Functions |url=https://www.jagranjosh.com/general-knowledge/state-information-commission-1438319829-1 |access-date=15 January 2022 |publisher=jagranjosh.com |date=30 March 2019}}</ref>

Meghalaya State Information Commission is formed to take up the following:<ref name="sic ref12">{{cite news |title=The decline of India's right to information regime, in four charts |url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/the-decline-of-india-s-right-to-information-regime-in-four-charts-11604385637705.html |access-date=16 January 2022 |publisher=livemint |date=4 November 2020}}</ref>

* Appeals on the information shared by various government entities under the Right to Information Act.
* Complaints on refusal to give information or in relation to inability to file Right to Information Act.
* Commission should get annual report from various departments working in the state about complaints received under Right to Information Act, 2005 and their responses on the same.

Meghalaya Information Commission occasionally conducts awareness programmes on implementation of the Right to Information (RTI) Act, 2005 effectively by general public.

== Tenure and service ==

Any vacancy in the State Information Commission has to be filled within six months from the date of vacancy.<ref name="sic ref7">{{cite news |title=SC Asks States for Updates on Vacancies, Pendency in Information Commissions |url=https://thewire.in/government/sc-orders-state-to-file-status-reports-on-information-commissions |access-date=16 January 2022 |publisher=The Wire |date=19 August 2021}}</ref>

Meghalaya Chief Information Commissioner (CIC), Information Commissioner (IC) and State Information Commissioner's salaries, allowances and other service terms and conditions are equivalent to a Judge of the Supreme Court.<ref name="sic ref10">{{cite news |title=RTI Bill 2019: Undermining autonomy of information commissions and transparency in governance |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/rti-bill-2019-undermining-autonomy-of-information-commissions-and-transparency-in-governance-1571439-2019-07-19 |access-date=16 January 2022 |publisher=indiatoday.in |date=19 July 2019}}</ref>

== Powers and functions ==

The commission under powers granted to it can secure from the public authorities compliance of any of its decisions.

Commission is duty bound to receive and conduct enquiry into any complaint received from any person.

The commission has civil judicial authority for issuing summons requiring examination of any witnesses or related documents or any other prescribed matters relating to complaint.

Any provision under which summons were issued and as per which attendance is required of persons and requires them to give written or oral evidence under an oath and producing documents or other details relevant to it.

Provision requiring evidence on stamped [[affidavit]].

Powers relating to request from any court or office of any public record.

Commission under the powers can recommend steps which can be taken for confirming to the provisions of the act if any public authority fails to do so.

== Challenges ==

Meghalaya State Information Commission are overburdened with backlog cases,<ref name="sic ref6" /> similar to [[Central Vigilance Commission]].<ref name="sic ref8">{{cite news |last1=Mishra |first1=Soni |title=Central Information Commission headless for 5th time in 6 years |url=https://www.theweek.in/news/india/2020/08/27/central-information-commission-headless-for-5th-time-in-6-years.html |access-date=16 January 2022 |publisher=the week |date=27 August 2020}}</ref> A shortage of available staff has produced a backlog of cases filed.<ref name="sic ref4">{{cite news |last1=sharma |first1=nidhi |title=Info commissions have a waiting time of over one year for an applicant seeking information under RTI Act: Report |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/india/info-commissions-have-a-waiting-time-of-over-one-year-for-an-applicant-seeking-information-under-rti-act-report/articleshow/86946016.cms?from=mdr |access-date=16 January 2022 |publisher=economictimes |date=11 October 2021}}</ref><ref name="sic ref5">{{cite news |title=Over 32,000 RTI appeals pending with Central Information Commission: Govt. |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/over-32000-rti-appeals-pending-with-central-information-commission-govt/article37969462.ece |access-date=16 January 2022 |publisher=thehindu.com |date=16 December 2021}}</ref> Uttar Pradesh has the largest backlog as of October 2014. States like Mizoram, Sikkim and Tripura didn't have pending complaints.<ref name="sic ref6">{{cite news |title=21 of 29 state information commissions did not hold any RTI hearings during lockdown |url=https://theprint.in/india/21-of-29-state-information-commissions-did-not-hold-any-rti-hearings-during-lockdown/426103/ |access-date=16 January 2022 |publisher=The Print |date=21 May 2020}}</ref> State Information Commission as per the provision has limited to provide information and cannot take any action.

In spite of above limitation, Madhya Pradesh State Information Commissions plays a crucial role in ensuring transparency in public life and supports in greater way in checking corruption, combating oppression, preventing nepotism and misuse of the public authority.

A survey conducted by [[Commonwealth Human Rights Initiative]], showed that most State Information Commission in India were inactive during Covid pandemic.<ref name="sic ref11">{{cite news |title=State information commissions inactive during COVID-19: Survey |url=https://www.downtoearth.org.in/news/governance/state-information-commissions-inactive-during-covid-19-survey-70736 |access-date=16 January 2022 |publisher=downtoearth |date=28 April 2020}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Central Information Commission]]

== References ==

{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [http://megsic.gov.in/contactus.html Official Website]
* [http://meghalaya.nic.in/rti/. RTI Link]


[[Category:Indian commissions and inquiries]]
[[Category:Anti-corruption measures in India]]
[[Category:Anti-corruption agencies]]

2021 Rajya Sabha elections

2025-12-05T00:59:07Z

FinlayPulido6: Refined content and updated sections

{{short description|Elections for the Upper House of Indian Parliament}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}

{{Infobox election
| country = India
| type = parliamentary
| ongoing = no
| previous_election = 2020 Rajya Sabha elections
| previous_year = 2020
| next_election = 2022 Rajya Sabha elections
| next_year = 2022
| election_date = February - November 2021
| seats_for_election = 17{{efn|Including 13 [[Casual vacancy|casual vacancies]]}} of the 233{{efn|excluding 12 [[List of nominated members of the Rajya Sabha|nominated seats]]}} elected seats in the [[Rajya Sabha]]
| majority_seats = 121{{efn|out of 241 (excluding 4 vacancies and including 12 [[List of nominated members of the Rajya Sabha|nominated seats)]]}} total

| image1 = {{CSS image crop|Image=Piyush_Goyal_crop.jpg|bSize=110|cWidth=100|cHeight=120|oLeft=10|oTop=04}}
| leader1 = [[Piyush Goyal]]
| party1 = Bharatiya Janata Party
| leader_since1 = 14 July 2021
| leaders_seat1 =
| alliance1 = [[National Democratic Alliance|NDA]]
| seats_before1 = 84{{efn|excluding 8 [[List of nominated members of the Rajya Sabha|nominated members]]}}
| seats_after1 = '''88'''{{efn|excluding 9 [[List of nominated members of the Rajya Sabha|nominated member]]s}}
| seat_change1 = {{increase}} 4
| image2 = {{CSS image crop|Image=Mallikarjun_Kharge_briefing_the_media_after_presenting_the_Interim_Railway_Budget_2014-15_in_New_Delhi_(cropped).jpg|bSize=110|cWidth=100|cHeight=120|oLeft=10|oTop=04}}
| leader2 = [[Mallikarjun Kharge]]
| party2 = Indian National Congress
| leader_since2 = 16 February 2021
| leaders_seat2 =
| alliance2 = [[United Progressive Alliance|UPA]]
| seats_before2 = 35
| seats_after2 = 34
| seat_change2 = {{decrease}} 1
| 1blank = Alliance seats before
| 1data1 = 107{{efn|excluding 12 [[List of nominated members of the Rajya Sabha|nominated member]]s}}
| 1data2 = 50
| 2blank = Alliance seats after
| 2data1 = 107{{efn|excluding 12 [[List of nominated members of the Rajya Sabha|nominated members]]}}
| 2data2 = 52
| 3blank = Seat change
| 3data1 = {{steady}}
| 3data2 = {{increase}} 2

| title = Majority
| posttitle = Majority after election
| before_election = ''None''
| before_party =
| after_election = ''None''
| after_party =
}}

'''Rajya Sabha elections''' were held throughout 2021, to elect new members to fill vacancies in the [[Rajya Sabha]], the [[Parliament of India|Indian Parliament's]] [[upper chamber]]. Members sit for [[Staggered elections|staggered terms]] lasting six years, with elections every year but almost a third of the 233 designates up for election every two years.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://164.100.47.5/NewMembers/RetLMemState.aspx|title=Statewise Retirement|website=164.100.47.5}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/nda-likely-to-get-majority-in-rajya-sabha-by-2021/articleshow/69527636.cms?from=mdr|title=NDA likely to get majority in Rajya Sabha by 2021|date=May 27, 2019|newspaper=The Economic Times}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://theprint.in/politics/bjps-rajya-sabha-tally-will-marginally-drop-after-march-but-real-worry-will-be-after-2022/372061/|title=BJP's Rajya Sabha tally will marginally drop after March, but real worry will be after 2022|first=Shanker|last=Arnimesh|date=March 2, 2020}}</ref>

Elections to the 4 vacant seats from [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]] were not held in February as the union territory is under [[President's rule]] and the assembly had been dissolved. These were held later in [[2025 Rajya Sabha elections#Jammu and Kashmir|2025]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/j-k/jammu-and-kashmir-set-to-lose-representation-in-rajya-sabha-209157 |title=Jammu and Kashmir set to lose representation in Rajya Sabha |newspaper=The Tribune India |date=8 February 2021 |access-date= 31 May 2021}}</ref>

==Results==
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
!colspan="4" rowspan="2"|Alliance/ Party
! Seats
! +/–
|-
|rowspan=3 {{party color cell|National Democratic Alliance}}
|rowspan=3 style="text-align:center;"|[[National Democratic Alliance|NDA]]
|{{party color cell|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|style="text-align:center;"|6
|{{color|green|+4}}
|-
|{{party color cell|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|[[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
|style="text-align:center;"|0
|{{color|red|-4}}
|-
|colspan="2"style="background:#FEE4CB"|Total
|style="color:inherit;background:#FEE4CB;text-align:center;"|6
|style="color:inherit;background:#FEE4CB"|0
|-
|rowspan=5 {{party color cell|United Progressive Alliance}}
|rowspan=5 style="text-align:center;"|[[United Progressive Alliance|UPA]]
| {{party color cell|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
| [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
| style="text-align:center;"|3
| {{color|green|+3}}
|-
|{{party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|style="text-align:center;"|1
|{{color|red|-1}}
|-
|{{party color cell|Indian Union Muslim League}}
|[[Indian Union Muslim League]]
|style="text-align:center;"|1
|0
|-
|{{party color cell|Kerala Congress (M)}}
|[[Kerala Congress (M)]]
|style="text-align:center;"|1
|0
|-
|colspan="2"style="background:#D8F5FF"|Total
|style="color:inherit;background:#D8F5FF;text-align:center;"|6
|style="color:inherit;background:#D8F5FF"|{{color|green|+2}}
|-
|rowspan=2 {{party color cell|Others}}
|rowspan=2 style="text-align:center;"|Others
|{{party color cell|All India Trinamool Congress}}
|[[All India Trinamool Congress]]
|style="text-align:center;"|3
|0
|-
|{{party color cell|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}
|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]
|style="text-align:center;"|2
|{{color|green|+1}}
|-
|}

==Members retiring & Elected==

=== [[List of Rajya Sabha members from Kerala|Kerala]] ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
!Seat No.
!Previous MP
! colspan="2" |Previous Party
!Date of retirement
! Elected MP
! colspan="2" | Party
!Appointing date
! Ref.
|- style="text-align:center;"
| 1
| [[K. K. Ragesh]]
| bgcolor=#FF0000|
| [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]
| 21-Apr-2021
| [[John Brittas]]
| rowspan="2" bgcolor="#FF0000" |
| rowspan="2" | [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]
|24-Apr-2021
|Rowspan=3|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/kerala-v-sivadasan-john-brittas-pv-abdul-wahab-elected-to-rajya-sabha-unopposed-1794876-2021-04-25|title = Kerala: V Sivadasan, John Brittas, PV Abdul Wahab elected to Rajya Sabha unopposed}}</ref>
|- style="text-align:center;"
| 2
| [[Vayalar Ravi]]
| bgcolor="#00BFFF"|
| [[Indian National Congress]]
| 21-Apr-2021
| [[V. Sivadasan]]
|24-Apr-2021
|- style="text-align:center;"
| 3
| [[P. V. Abdul Wahab]]
| bgcolor=#008500|
| [[Indian Union Muslim League]]
| 21-Apr-2021
| [[P. V. Abdul Wahab]]
| bgcolor=#008500|
| [[Indian Union Muslim League]]
|24-Apr-2021

|}

=== [[List of Rajya Sabha members from Puducherry|Puducherry]] ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
!Seat No.
!Previous MP
! colspan="2" |Previous Party
!Date of retirement
! Elected MP
! colspan="2" |Party
!Appointing date
! Ref.
|- style="text-align:center;"
| 1
| [[N Gokulakrishnan]]
| bgcolor=#007500|
| [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
| 06-Oct-2021
| [[S Selvaganapathy]]
| bgcolor=#FF9933|
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| 7 October 2021
| <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2021/sep/21/bjp-nominates-s-selvaganapathy-for-puducherry-rajya-sabha-elections-2361891.html|title = BJP nominates S Selvaganapathy for Puducherry Rajya Sabha elections}}</ref>
|}

===By-elections===
Aside from automatic elections, unforeseen vacancies caused by members' resignation, death or disqualification, are unless a few months before the expected natural expiry of the term of tenure, filled via [[by-election]]s, which for the Rajya Sabha often take some months to organise.

==== [[List of Rajya Sabha members from Assam|Assam]] ====

* On 21 November 2020 Biswajit Daimary resigned.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Choudhury |first1=Ratnadip |title=Bodoland People's Front Lone MP Resigns From Rajya Sabha, To Join BJP |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/bodoland-peoples-front-lone-mp-biswajit-daimary-resigns-from-rajya-sabha-to-join-bjp-2328489 |access-date=22 November 2020 |work=NDTV.com |date=22 November 2020}}</ref>
*Biswajit Daimary Elected As MLA.
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! S.No
! Former MP
! colspan="2" | Party
! Date of Vacancy
! Elected MP
! colspan="2" |Party
!Date of Appointment
! Date of retirement
|- style="text-align:center;"
!1
| rowspan="2" |[[Biswajit Daimary]]
| width="1px" bgcolor="{{party color|Bodoland People's Front}}" |
|[[Bodoland People's Front]]
| 21 November 2020
|[[Biswajit Daimary]]<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/bjp-names-former-bpf-member-its-rajya-sabha-candidate-from-assam/article33841888.ece|title = BJP names former BPF member Biswajit Daimary as its Rajya Sabha candidate from Assam|newspaper = The Hindu|date = 15 February 2021}}</ref>
| width="1px" bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
| rowspan="2" |[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| 22 February 2021
| rowspan="2" | 9 April 2026
|- style="text-align:center;"
!2
| width="1px" bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| 12 May 2021
|[[Sarbananda Sonowal]]
| width="1px" bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
| 27 September 2021
|}

==== [[List of Rajya Sabha members from Gujarat|Gujarat]] ====

* On 25 November 2020 Ahmed Patel died.<ref name="ahmedPatel">{{cite web |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/ahmed-patel-senior-congress-leader-dies-at-71-2329787 |title=Congress Veteran Ahmed Patel Dies at 71 After Battling Covid |website=ndtv.com |date=25 November 2020 }}</ref>
* On 1 December 2020 Abhay Bharadwaj died.<ref name="abhayBhardwaj">{{cite web |url=https://newsd.in/gujarat-rajya-sabha-mp-abhay-bharadwaj-passes-away-pm-modi-condoles-his-death/ |title=Gujarat Rajya Sabha MP Abhay Bharadwaj passes away, PM Modi condoles his death |website=newsd.in |date=1 December 2020 |access-date= 14 January 2021}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
! S.No
! Former MP
! colspan="2" | Party
! Date of Vacancy
! Elected MP
! colspan="2" |Party
!Date of Appointment
! Date of retirement
|- style="text-align:center;"
!1
|[[Ahmed Patel]]
| width="1px" bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| 25 November 2020
|[[Dineshchandra Anavadiya]]<ref name="hindustantimes.com">{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/gujarat-rajya-sabha-bypolls-old-timer-obc-leader-on-bjp-s-list-101613513496891.html|title = Gujarat Rajya Sabha bypolls: Old-timer, OBC leader on BJP's list|date = 17 February 2021}}</ref>
| rowspan="2" width="1px" bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
| rowspan="2" |[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| 23 February 2021
| 18 August 2023
|- style="text-align:center;"
!2
|[[Abhay Bharadwaj]]
| width="1px" bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| 1 December 2020
|[[Rambhai Mokariya]]<ref name="hindustantimes.com" />
| 23 February 2021
| 21 June 2026
|}

==== [[List of Rajya Sabha members from Kerala|Kerala]] ====

* On 9 January 2021 Jose K. Mani resigned.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/jose-k-mani-resigns-from-rajya-sabha/article33535384.ece|title = Jose K. Mani resigns from Rajya Sabha|newspaper = The Hindu|date = 9 January 2021}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
! S.No
! Former MP
! colspan="2" | Party
! Date of Vacancy
! Elected MP
! colspan="2" |Party
!Date of Appointment
! Date of retirement
|- style="text-align:center;"
!1
|[[Jose K. Mani]]
| width="1px" bgcolor="{{party color|Kerala Congress (M)}}" |
|[[Kerala Congress (M)]]
| 9 January 2021
|[[Jose K. Mani]]
| width="1px" bgcolor="{{party color|Kerala Congress (M)}}" |
|[[Kerala Congress (M)]]
| 24-Nov-2021
| 01-Jul-2024
|- style="text-align:center;"
|}

==== [[List of Rajya Sabha members from West Bengal|West Bengal]] ====

* On 12 February 2021, Dinesh Trivedi resigned.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/india/west-bengal/article/dinesh-trivedi-quits-as-rajya-sabha-mp-says-feeling-suffocated-in-trinamool-congress/719400|title = 'Suffocated' Trinamool Congress MP Dinesh Trivedi resigns from Rajya Sabha, praises PM Narendra Modi}}</ref>
*Manas Bhunia Elected As MLA.
* On 15 September 2021, Arpita Ghosh resigned.
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! S.No
! Former MP
! colspan="2" | Party
! Date of Vacancy
! Elected MP
! colspan="2" |Party
!Date of Appointment
! Date of retirement
|- style="text-align:center;"
!1
|[[Dinesh Trivedi]]
| rowspan="3" width="1px" bgcolor="{{party color|All India Trinamool Congress}}" |
| rowspan="3" |[[All India Trinamool Congress]]
| 12-Feb-2021
|[[Jawhar Sircar]]
| rowspan="3" width="1px" bgcolor="{{party color|All India Trinamool Congress}}" |
| rowspan="3" |[[All India Trinamool Congress]]
| 03-Aug-2021
| 02-Apr-2026
|- style="text-align:center;"
!2
|[[Manas Bhunia]]
| 9-May-2021
|[[Sushmita Dev]]
| 27-Sep-2021
| 18-Aug-2023
|- style="text-align:center;"
!3
|[[Arpita Ghosh]]
|15-Sept-2021
|[[Luizinho Faleiro]]
| 24-Nov-2021
| 02-Apr-2026
|- style="text-align:center;"
|}

==== [[List of Rajya Sabha members from Tamil Nadu|Tamil Nadu]] ====

* On 24 March 2021, A. Mohammedjan died.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2021/mar/23/aiadmk-mp-mohammedjan-dies-of-sudden-heart-attack-after-round-of-hectic-electioneering-2280475.html|title = AIADMK MP Mohammedjan dies of sudden heart attack after round of hectic electioneering}}</ref>
*On 10 May 2021, K. P. Munusamy Resigned Due To Election As MLA.
*On 10 May 2021, R. Vaithilingam Resigned Due To Election As MLA.
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! S.No
! Former MP
! colspan="2" | Party
! Date of Vacancy
! Elected MP
! colspan="2" |Party
!Date of Appointment
! Date of retirement
|- style="text-align:center;"
!1
|[[A. Mohammedjan]]
| rowspan="3" bgcolor="#007500" |
| rowspan="3" | [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
| 24-Mar-2021
| [[M. M. Abdulla]]
| rowspan="3" width="1px" bgcolor="{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}" |
| rowspan="3" |[[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
| 06-Sept-2021
| 24-Jul-2025
|- style="text-align:center;"
!2
|[[K. P. Munusamy]]
| 10-May-2021
| [[Kanimozhi NVN Somu]]
| 27-Sep-2021
| 02-Apr-2026
|- style="text-align:center;"
!3
|[[R. Vaithilingam]]
| 10-May-2021
| [[K. R. N. Rajeshkumar]]
| 27-Sep-2021
| 29-Jun-2022
|- style="text-align:center;"
|}

==== [[List of Rajya Sabha members from Maharashtra|Maharashtra]] ====

* On 16 May 2021, Rajeev Satav died.

{| class="wikitable sortable"
! S.No
! Former MP
! colspan="2" | Party
! Date of Vacancy
! Elected MP
! colspan="2" |Party
!Date of Appointment
! Date of retirement
|- style="text-align:center;"
!1
|[[Rajeev Satav]]
| width="1px" bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| 16 May 2021
|[[Rajani Patil]]
| width="1px" bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|27-Sep-2021
|02-Apr-2026
|}

==== [[List of Rajya Sabha members from Madhya Pradesh|Madhya Pradesh]] ====

* On 7 July 2021, Thawar Chand Gehlot resigned due to his appointment as Governor of Karnataka.

{| class="wikitable sortable"
! S.No
! Former MP
! colspan="2" | Party
! Date of Vacancy
! Elected MP
! colspan="2" |Party
!Date of Appointment
! Date of retirement
|- style="text-align:center;"
!1
|[[Thawar Chand Gehlot]]
| width="1px" bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|07-Jul-2021
|[[L. Murugan]]
| width="1px" bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|27-Sep-2021
|02-Apr-2024
|}

== Nominations ==
=== [[List of nominated members of the Rajya Sabha|Nominated]] members ===

* On 16 March 2021, Swapan Dasgupta resigned.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/to-fight-for-a-better-bengal-says-swapan-dasgupta-after-quitting-rajya-sabha-101615878314115.html|title=To fight for a better Bengal, says Swapan Dasgupta after quitting Rajya Sabha|date=16 March 2021}}</ref>
* On 9 May 2021, Raghunath Mohapatra died <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.aninews.in/news/national/general-news/rajya-sabha-mp-raghunath-mohapatra-dies-of-covid-19-pm-modi-expresses-grief20210509191332|title=Rajya Sabha MP Raghunath Mohapatra dies of COVID-19, PM Modi expresses grief}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! S.No
! Former MP
! colspan="2" | Party
! Date of Vacancy
! Elected MP
! colspan="2" |Party
!Date of Appointment
! Date of retirement
|- style="text-align:center;"
!1
|[[Swapan Dasgupta]]
| bgcolor=#000000|
|Nominated
| 16-Mar-2021
|[[Swapan Dasgupta]]
| rowspan="2" bgcolor="#Ff9933" |
| rowspan="2" |Nominated (BJP whip)
|02-Jun-2021
| 24-Apr-2022
|- style="text-align:center;"
!2
|[[Raghunath Mohapatra]]
| bgcolor=#Ff9933|
|Nominated (BJP whip)
| 9-May-2021
|[[Mahesh Jethmalani]]
|02-Jun-2021
|13-Jul-2024
|- style="text-align:center;"
|}

== See also ==
*[[List of current members of the Rajya Sabha]]
*[[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)]]
*[[List of members of the 17th Lok Sabha]]
*[[2021 elections in India]]
*[[2022 Punjab Legislative Assembly election]]
*[[2021 Legislative Council elections]]

==Notes==
{{noteslist}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Rajya Sabha}}

[[Category:2021 elections in India]]
[[Category:Rajya Sabha elections in India|2021]]

Kallamaala Samaram

2025-12-02T13:35:13Z

FinlayPulido6:

{{Short description|1915 social unrest in Kollam district, India}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2019}}

'''Kallamaala Samaram''' ({{Translation|Stone Necklace Protest}}) (Not ''Kallumaala Samaram'') is a period of social revolution by the [[Pulayar]] community that took place at [[Perinad]] and nearby villages such as Cherumoodu, [[Kanjavely]] in [[Kollam district]] on 24 October 1915.

It is at the climax of [[Perinad]] Lahala or [[Perinad]] Mutiny.

== History ==
[[File:Ayyankali Statue Kollam Cantonment.jpg|thumb|Memorial at Cantonment ground, Kollam]]
Kallamaala Samaram was a sudden uprising against the upper class's dictum of the minority castes to not use the public road, wear good dresses, use umbrellas, receive education, enter temples, take days off from labor, and wear gold or metal ornaments.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/thiruvananthapuram/Communist-Party-of-India-revives-Perinad-Lahala-memories-to-fight-extremism/articleshow/54670958.cms|title=Communist Party of India revives Perinad Lahala memories to fight extremism|date=4 October 2016|newspaper=The Times of India|access-date=25 August 2019}}</ref>

There was a ''naattukoottam'' organised to discuss these issues but the landlord class rejected the proposals from [[Pulayar|Pulayas.]]The unrest intensified following this and the lower caste communities decided to convene a large meeting at Plavilapurayidom, Cherumoodu, near [[Perinad]] on 24 October 1915.<ref>{{Cite web|title=ചരിത്രത്തിൽ നിന്നുള്ള ഉറവയുമായി കമ്മാൻകുളം|url=https://www.manoramaonline.com/district-news/kollam/2021/03/01/kollam-kamankulam-with-a-source-from-history.html|access-date=2021-03-04|website=ManoramaOnline|language=ml}}</ref> On the day of meeting a group of [[Nair|nair landlords]] under leadership of Koori Maathu and Kannan Pillai attacked and injured many who have gathered at the meeting place. There was violent clashes between both the groups and arson ensuing this incident.

At the end by December, a meeting was convened under the chair of [[Ayyankali]], [[Changanassery Parameswaran Pillai]] and British officials on 21 December 1915 at [[Peeranki Maidan]] bringing together both the conflicting groups. In this meeting, women belonging to Pulaya community threw away the ''Kallamaala'' (ornaments made out of stone and woods) and proclaimed that they will only use gold or metal ornaments. ''Kallamaalas'' were chains of beads worn by their ladies as a symbol of slavery and inferior caste status.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://socialscienceijksubdist.blogspot.in/2010/01/kallumala-samaram.html|title=kallumala samaram|website=socialscienceijksubdist.blogspot.in|access-date=2016-10-05}}</ref>

During pre-independence era, several rules were imposed on women from lower castes in Kerala There were strict diktats regarding dress codes and ornaments and there were taxes to be paid to erstwhile [[Travancore]] kings for covering their breasts.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-kerala/200-years-on-nangelis-sacrifice-only-a-fading-memory/article5256145.ece|title=200 years on, Nangeli's sacrifice only a fading memory|last=Surendranath|first=Nidhi|date=2013-10-21|newspaper=The Hindu|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X|access-date=2016-10-05}}</ref>

Once the unrest was over, there were many cases and counter cases that were filed before the magistrate. The advocate Elanjikkal John Vakil represented the cases for Dalits.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2004-07-13 |title=Social reformer |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-bookreview/social-reformer/article28467510.ece |access-date=2021-03-02 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> In lieu of the lawyer's fees, he asked the accused to contribute labour to build a pond for public use at Kollam. This pond named Kamman kulam still exist near the Kollam district panchayath office, Thevally.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Sudhish|first=Navamy|date=2019-12-14|title=A pond etched in Dalit history in ruins|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/a-pond-etched-in-dalit-history-in-ruins/article30307613.ece|access-date=2021-03-02|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Caste system in India]]
* [[Ayyankali]]
* [[Caste system in Kerala]]
* [[Channar revolt]]
* [[Ooruttambalam]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:History of Kollam district]]
[[Category:Caste system in India]]
[[Category:1915 in India]]
[[Category:People from Kollam district]]

Anand Amritraj

2025-11-26T23:04:32Z

FinlayPulido6: expanded formatting per standard format and cleaned formatting for consistency

{{short description|Indian tennis player (born 1951)}}
{{Use British English|date=August 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2024}}
{{Infobox tennis biography
| name = Anand Amritraj
| image =
| caption =
| residence =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1951|03|20}}
| birth_place = [[Madras]], [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]] (now [[Chennai]], Tamil Nadu)
| height = {{convert|1.85|m|ftin|0|abbr=on}}
| turnedpro =
| retired = yes
| plays = Right-handed (one-handed backhand)
| careerprizemoney = [[US$|$]]332,133
| singlesrecord = 195–170
| singlestitles = 7
| highestsinglesranking = No. 74 (6 November 1974)
|AustralianOpenresult =
|FrenchOpenresult = 1R ([[1973 French Open – Men's singles|1973]], [[1974 French Open – Men's singles|1974]], [[1976 French Open – Men's singles|1976]], [[1979 French Open – Men's singles|1979]])
|Wimbledonresult = 2R ([[1973 Wimbledon Championships – Men's singles|1973]], [[1977 Wimbledon Championships – Men's singles|1977]], [[1978 Wimbledon Championships – Men's singles|1978]])
|USOpenresult = 3R ([[1974 US Open – Men's singles|1974]])
| doublesrecord = 288–269
| doublestitles = 12
| highestdoublesranking = No. 80 (2 January 1984)
| AustralianOpenDoublesresult = 1R (1984)
| FrenchOpenDoublesresult = 3R (1979)
| WimbledonDoublesresult = SF (1976)
| USOpenDoublesresult = QF (1973, 1976)
| Team = yes
| DavisCupresult = F ([[1974 Davis Cup|1974]], [[1987 Davis Cup|1987]])
}}

'''Anand Amritraj''' (born 20 March 1951) is an Indian former tennis player and businessman.<ref name="hindu1">{{cite web |url=http://www.hinduonnet.com/mp/2003/05/13/stories/2003051300260100.htm |title=Advantage! Amritraj |last=Padmanaban |first=Geeta |date=13 May 2003 |work=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=31 January 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110606104523/http://www.hinduonnet.com/mp/2003/05/13/stories/2003051300260100.htm|archive-date=6 June 2011|url-status=usurped}}</ref><ref name="nyt1">{{cite web |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/11/29/sports/tennis/29davis.html |title=The Year the Davis Cup Felt Empty |last=Seminara |first=Dave |date=28 November 2009 |work=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=31 January 2010 |archive-date=25 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190325165030/https://www.nytimes.com/2009/11/29/sports/tennis/29davis.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="hindu2">{{cite web |url=http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/2003/01/01/stories/2003010105451800.htm |title=Anand – the genial Indian |last=Keerthivasan |first=K |date=1 January 2003 |work=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=31 January 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110606104528/http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/2003/01/01/stories/2003010105451800.htm|archive-date=6 June 2011|url-status=usurped}}</ref> He, along with brother [[Vijay Amritraj]], led India into the [[1974 Davis Cup]] finals against [[South Africa]],<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.daviscup.com/en/draws-results/tie.aspx?id=M-DC-1974-WG-M-RSA-IND-01 |title=South Africa v India |publisher=Davis Cup |access-date=31 July 2021 |archive-date=12 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191212144251/https://www.daviscup.com/en/draws-results/tie.aspx?id=M-DC-1974-WG-M-RSA-IND-01 |url-status=live }}</ref> and was a part of the [[India Davis Cup team|Indian team]] captained by Vijay Amritraj which reached the final of the [[Davis Cup]] in [[1987 Davis Cup|1987]] against [[Sweden]].

==Career==
Anand Amritraj and his younger brothers, [[Vijay Amritraj|Vijay]] and [[Ashok Amritraj|Ashok]], were among the first Indians to play in top-flight international tour tennis. In 1976, Anand and Vijay were semi-finalists in the [[The Championships, Wimbledon|Wimbledon]] men's doubles. Anand was part of the Indian team for [[1974 Davis Cup]], which advanced to the finals of the tournament and then forfeited the championship to South Africa as the [[Government of India]] decided to boycott the match in protest of South Africa's [[Apartheid]] policies,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.resultsfromtennis.com/tournament-wimbledon-1976-men-doubles.html |title=1976 Wimbledon men doubles | access-date=15 May 2008 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080703182754/http://www.resultsfromtennis.com/tournament-wimbledon-1976-men-doubles.html | archive-date=3 July 2008 | url-status=dead}}</ref> and again reached the final in 1987 against Sweden.

His son [[Stephen Amritraj]] is an American former professional tennis player who represented India.

He did his schooling from [[Don Bosco Matriculation Higher Secondary School, Chennai|Don Bosco]] and graduated from [[Loyola College, Chennai|Loyola College]] in Madras.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/english/2017/dec/15/hollywoods-chennaiite-ashok-amritraj-talks-about-his-love-for-hollywood-and-tennis-1728490.html |title=Hollywood's Chennaiite: Ashok Amritraj talks about his love for Hollywood and Tennis |work=The New Indian Express |date=15 December 2017 |access-date=23 July 2018 |archive-date=23 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180723122953/http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/english/2017/dec/15/hollywoods-chennaiite-ashok-amritraj-talks-about-his-love-for-hollywood-and-tennis-1728490.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
[[File:A07 Amritrajs Practice.jpg|thumb|right|Vijay and Anand Amritraj warm up at 2000 Wimbledon Sr Invitation Doubles Finals in the Centre Court]] His daughter-in-law [[Alison Riske-Amritraj]] is also a top-50 player on the [[WTA Tour]].<ref>[https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/tennis/story/alison-riske-stephen-amritraj-riske-dance-video-american-tennis-star-wimbledon-2019-1572477-2019-07-23 Watch: American tennis star Alison Riske grooves to Bollywood song at her wedding with Stephen Amritraj] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240103143546/https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/tennis/story/alison-riske-stephen-amritraj-riske-dance-video-american-tennis-star-wimbledon-2019-1572477-2019-07-23 |date=3 January 2024 }} 23 July 2019</ref>

==Career finals==
[[File:Anand and Vijay Amritraj 2000 Wimbledon Sr Invitation Doubles Finals.jpg|thumb|Anand and Vijay Amritraj 2000 Wimbledon Sr Invitation Doubles Finals]]

===Doubles: 30 (12–18)===
{| class="sortable wikitable"
|-
!style="width:40px"|Result
!style="width:35px" class="unsortable"|No.
!style="width:60px"|Date
!style="width:180px"|Tournament
!style="width:50px"|Surface
!style="width:145px"|Partner
!style="width:145px"|Opponents
!style="width:120px" class="unsortable"|Score
|-
| style="background:#ffa07a;"|Loss
| 1.
| Oct 1973
| New Delhi, India
|
| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Vijay Amritraj]]
| {{flagicon|USA}} [[Jim McManus (tennis)|Jim McManus]] {{flagicon|MEX}} [[Raúl Ramírez]]
| 2–6, 4–6
|-
| style="background:#98fb98;"|Win
| 1.
| Nov 1973
| [[Christchurch]], New Zealand
|
| {{flagicon|USA}} [[Fred McNair]]
| {{flagicon|FRG}} [[Jürgen Fassbender]] {{flagicon|NZL}} [[Jeff Simpson]]
| w/o
|-
| style="background:#98fb98;"|Win
| 2.
| Nov 1974
| [[Bombay]], India
| Clay
| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Vijay Amritraj]]
| {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Dick Crealy]] {{flagicon|NZL}} [[Onny Parun]]
| 6–4, 7–6
|-
| style="background:#ffa07a;"|Loss
| 2.
| Aug 1974
| [[South Orange]], US
| Hard
| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Vijay Amritraj]]
| {{flagicon|USA}} [[Brian Gottfried]] {{flagicon|MEX}} [[Raúl Ramírez]]
| 6–7, 7–6, 6–7
|-
| style="background:#98fb98;"|Win
| 3.
| Aug 1974
| [[Columbus, Ohio|Columbus]], US
| Hard
| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Vijay Amritraj]]
| {{flagicon|USA}} [[Tom Gorman (tennis)|Tom Gorman]] {{flagicon|USA}} [[Robert Lutz (tennis)|Robert Lutz]]
| w/o
|-
| style="background:#ffa07a;"|Loss
| 3.
| Feb 1975
| [[Toronto]], Canada
| Carpet (i)
| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Vijay Amritraj]]
| {{flagicon|USA}} [[Dick Stockton (tennis)|Dick Stockton]] {{flagicon|USA}} [[Erik van Dillen]]
| 4–6, 5–7, 1–6
|-
| style="background:#ffa07a;"|Loss
| 4.
| Mar 1975
| Washington DC, US
| Carpet (i)
| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Vijay Amritraj]]
| {{flagicon|USA}} [[Mike Estep]] {{flagicon|NZL}} [[Jeff Simpson]]
| 6–75, 3–6
|-
| style="background:#98fb98;"|Win
| 4.
| Mar 1975
| [[Atlanta]], US
| Carpet (i)
| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Vijay Amritraj]]
| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Mark Cox (tennis)|Mark Cox]] {{flagicon|RSA|1928}} [[Cliff Drysdale]]
| 6–3, 6–2
|-
| style="background:#ffa07a;"|Loss
| 5.
| Aug 1975
| [[Louisville, Kentucky|Louisville]], US
| Clay
| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Vijay Amritraj]]
| {{flagicon|POL}} [[Wojtek Fibak]] {{flagicon|ARG}} [[Guillermo Vilas]]
| n/p
|-
| style="background:#98fb98;"|Win
| 5.
| Sep 1975
| Los Angeles, US
| Hard
| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Vijay Amritraj]]
| {{flagicon|RSA|1928}} [[Cliff Drysdale]] {{flagicon|USA}} [[Marty Riessen]]
| 7–6, 4–6, 6–4
|-
| style="background:#ffa07a;"|Loss
| 6.
| Nov 1975
| [[Calcutta]], India
| Clay
| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Vijay Amritraj]]
| {{flagicon|ESP}} [[Juan Gisbert]] {{flagicon|ESP}} [[Manuel Orantes]]
| 6–1, 4–6, 3–6
|-
| style="background:#98fb98;"|Win
| 6.
| Mar 1976
| [[Memphis, Tennessee|Memphis]], US
| Carpet (i)
| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Vijay Amritraj]]
| {{flagicon|USA}} [[Roscoe Tanner]] {{flagicon|USA}} [[Marty Riessen]]
| 6–3, 6–4
|-
| style="background:#ffa07a;"|Loss
| 7.
| Nov 1976
| Hong Kong
| Hard
| {{flagicon|ROM}} [[Ilie Năstase]]
| {{flagicon|USA}} [[Hank Pfister]] {{flagicon|USA}} [[Butch Walts]]
| 4–6, 2–6
|-
| style="background:#ffa07a;"|Loss
| 8.
| Nov 1976
| [[Manila]], Philippines
| Hard
| {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Corrado Barazzutti]]
| {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Ross Case]] {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Geoff Masters]]
| 0–6, 1–6
|-
| style="background:#98fb98;"|Win
| 7.
| Jun 1977
| Queen's Club, London, UK
| Grass
| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Vijay Amritraj]]
| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[David Lloyd (tennis)|David Lloyd]] {{flagicon|GBR}} [[John Lloyd (tennis)|John Lloyd]]
| 6–1, 6–2
|-
| style="background:#98fb98;"|Win
| 8.
| Sep 1978
| [[Mexico City]], Mexico
| Clay
| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Vijay Amritraj]]
| {{flagicon|USA}} [[Fred McNair]] {{flagicon|MEX}} [[Raúl Ramírez]]
| 6–4, 7–5
|-
| style="background:#ffa07a;"|Loss
| 9.
| Jan 1979
| [[Baltimore]], US
| Carpet (i)
| {{flagicon|RSA|1928}} [[Cliff Drysdale]]
| {{flagicon|USA}} [[Marty Riessen]] {{flagicon|USA}} [[Sherwood Stewart]]
| 6–7, 4–6
|-
| style="background:#ffa07a;"|Loss
| 10.
| Mar 1979
| [[San Jose, Costa Rica]]
| Hard
| {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Colin Dibley]]
| {{flagicon|ROM|1965}} [[Ion Țiriac]] {{flagicon|ARG}} [[Guillermo Vilas]]
| 4–6, 6–2, 4–6
|-
| style="background:#ffa07a;"|Loss
| 11.
| Apr 1979
| [[Cairo]], Egypt
| Clay
| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Vijay Amritraj]]
| {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Peter McNamara]] {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Paul McNamee]]
| 5–7, 4–6
|-
| style="background:#ffa07a;"|Loss
| 12.
| Aug 1979
| [[Stowe, Vermont|Stowe]], US
| Hard
| {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Colin Dibley]]
| {{flagicon|USA}} [[Mike Cahill (tennis)|Mike Cahill]] {{flagicon|USA}} [[Steve Krulevitz]]
| 6–3, 3–6, 4–6
|-
| style="background:#ffa07a;"|Loss
| 13.
| Mar 1980
| [[San Jose, Costa Rica]]
| Hard
| {{flagicon|USA}} [[Nick Saviano]]
| {{flagicon|CHI}} [[Jaime Fillol]] {{flagicon|CHI}} [[Álvaro Fillol]]
| 2–6, 6–7
|-
| style="background:#ffa07a;"|Loss
| 14.
| Apr 1980
| Los Angeles, US
| Hard
| {{flagicon|USA}} [[John Austin (tennis)|John Austin]]
| {{flagicon|USA}} [[Brian Teacher]] {{flagicon|USA}} [[Butch Walts]]
| 2–6, 4–6
|-
| style="background:#98fb98;"|Win
| 9.
| Apr 1980
| [[São Paulo]], Brazil
| Carpet (i)
| {{flagicon|USA}} [[Fritz Buehning]]
| {{flagicon|AUS}} [[David Carter (tennis)|David Carter]] {{flagicon|NZL}} [[Chris Lewis (tennis)|Chris Lewis]]
| 7–6, 6–2
|-
| style="background:#ffa07a;"|Loss
| 15.
| Aug 1980
| [[Atlanta]], US
| Hard
| {{flagicon|USA}} [[John Austin (tennis)|John Austin]]
| {{flagicon|USA}} [[Tom Gullikson]] {{flagicon|USA}} [[Butch Walts]]
| 7–6, 6–7, 5–7
|-
| style="background:#ffa07a;"|Loss
| 16.
| Apr 1981
| [[Houston]], US
| Clay
| {{flagicon|USA}} [[Fred McNair]]
| {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Mark Edmondson]] {{flagicon|USA}} [[Sherwood Stewart]]
| 4–6, 3–6
|-
| style="background:#ffa07a;"|Loss
| 17.
| Aug 1981
| [[Columbus, Ohio|Columbus]], US
| Hard
| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Vijay Amritraj]]
| {{flagicon|USA}} [[Bruce Manson]] {{flagicon|USA}} [[Brian Teacher]]
| 1–6, 1–6
|-
| style="background:#98fb98;"|Win
| 10.
| Nov 1982
| [[Baltimore]], US
| Carpet (i)
| {{flagicon|USA}} [[Tony Giammalva]]
| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Vijay Amritraj]] {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Fred Stolle]]
| 7–5, 6–2
|-
| style="background:#98fb98;"|Win
| 11.
| Nov 1982
| Chicago, US
| Carpet (i)
| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Vijay Amritraj]]
| {{flagicon|USA}} [[Mike Cahill (tennis)|Mike Cahill]] {{flagicon|USA}} [[Bruce Manson]]
| 3–6, 6–3, 6–3
|-
| style="background:#ffa07a;"|Loss
| 18.
| Feb 1983
| [[Delray Beach]], US
| Clay
| {{flagicon|USA}} [[Johan Kriek]]
| {{flagicon|TCH}} [[Pavel Složil]] {{flagicon|TCH}} [[Tomáš Šmíd]]
| 6–7, 4–6
|-
| style="background:#98fb98;"|Win
| 12.
| Jul 1983
| [[Stuttgart]], West Germany
| Clay
| {{flagicon|USA}} [[Mike Bauer]]
| {{flagicon|TCH}} [[Pavel Složil]] {{flagicon|TCH}} [[Tomáš Šmíd]]
| 4–6, 6–3, 6–2
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{ATP}}
* {{ITF}}
* {{Davis Cup player}}
* {{ESPN Tennis}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Amritraj, Anand}}
[[Category:1951 births]]
[[Category:Indian male tennis players]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Sportspeople from Chennai]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Arjuna Award]]
[[Category:Tamil sportspeople]]
[[Category:Amritraj family]]
[[Category:Tamil people]]

Rajadhani Institute of Engineering and Technology

2025-11-25T14:54:05Z

FinlayPulido6: improved article

{{Short description|Technical college in Nagaroor, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2018}}
{{Infobox university
| name = Rajadhani Institute of Engineering & Technology
| native_name = RIET
| image = File:Rajadhani_institute_of_engineering_and_technology.jpg
| image_size =
| image_alt = Front view
| caption = Front view of the college
| latin_name =
| motto =
| mottoeng =
| established = 2009
| closed =
| type = Private Self Financing
| endowment =
| budget =
| chairman = Dr.Biju Ramesh
| principal = Dr. Madhukumar.S
| academic_staff =
| administrative_staff =
| students = 1500
| undergrad =
| postgrad =
| doctoral =
| other =
| city = Nagaroor, [[Thiruvananthapuram]]
| state = Kerala
| country = India
| campus = {{convert|10|acre|m2}}
| former_names =
| free_label =
| free =
| athletics =
| colours =
| sports =
| director =
| nickname = RIET
| mascot =
| website = {{URL|riet.edu.in}}
| footnotes =
| image_name =
| coor = {{coord|8|44|12|N|76|50|4|E|display=inline,title}}
| colors =
| affiliations = [[APJ Abdul Kalam Technological University]]
| social media =
}}
'''Rajadhani Institute of Engineering & Technology''' (RIET), Established in 2009, is a private self-financing technical institution at Nagaroor, [[Thiruvananthapuram]], [[India]].<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.hindu.com/2009/08/26/stories/2009082654170400.htm | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090903192315/http://www.hindu.com/2009/08/26/stories/2009082654170400.htm | url-status = dead | archive-date = 2009-09-03 | title = Third allotment round process begins today | date = 2009-08-26 | newspaper = [[The Hindu]] | access-date = 2012-04-21 }}</ref> It is affiliated to [[APJ Abdul Kalam Technological University]], and is approved by the [[All India Council for Technical Education]].<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.facebook.com/officialpageRIET| title = Official Facebook Page Rajadhani Institute of Engineering and Technology | publisher = Facebook | date = 2009-08-26 }}</ref>

==Courses==
The college offers the following graduate and postgraduate courses: 
'''B.Tech Degree courses:'''
* [[Aeronautical Engineering]] (60 seats)
* [[Civil Engineering]] (60 seats)
* [[Computer Science and Engineering]] (180 seats)
* [[Electronics and Communication Engineering]] (60 seats)
* [[Electrical and Electronics Engineering]] (60 seats)
* [[Mechanical Engineering]] (60 seats)
*[[Robotics and Automation]] (60 seats)
*[[Cybersecurity]] (60 seats)<ref>{{Cite web|title=B.Tech – Rajadhani Institute of Engineering Technology|url=https://riet.edu.in/btech/|access-date=2020-10-27|language=en-US}}</ref>

'''Postgraduate level:'''
* [[Structural Engineering]] (18 Seats)
* [[Geo-Technical Engineering]] (18 seats)
'''Polytechnic'''

*[[Electrical and Electronics Engineering]] (60 seats)
*[[Mechanical Engineering]] (60 seats)
*[[Civil engineering]] (60 seats)
*[[Automobile Engineering]] (60 seats)
*[[Computer Technology]] (60 seats)

== Start-ups ==
Rajadhani Institute Of Engineering And Technology was successful in promoting the technical as well as the entrepreneurial mindset in the students. Examples are:
* Travancore Majestic
* Rajadhani Hi-Tech Equipments
* CE SQUARE
* KARMA RESEARCH LAB
* E4S (Engineering 4 solutions)
*.AST<ref>{{Cite web|title=RIET Start-ups – Rajadhani Institute of Engineering Technology|url=https://riet.edu.in/riet-start-ups/|access-date=2020-10-29|language=en-US}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{Official website|http://www.riet.edu.in/}}

{{Education in Kerala}}

[[Category: Private engineering colleges in Kerala]]
[[Category: Engineering colleges in Thiruvananthapuram]]
[[Category: Colleges affiliated to the University of Kerala]]
[[Category: Educational institutions established in 2009]]
[[Category:2009 establishments in Kerala]]

Meraj (UAV)

2025-11-09T02:13:13Z

FinlayPulido6: added new entry.

{{Short description|Iranian Unmanned Aerial Vehicle}}
{{Infobox aircraft
| name = Meraj UAV
| logo =
| logo_size =
| image = Various IRGC UAVs.jpg
| alt =
| caption = The Meraj is the drone on the right in this photo.
| long_caption =
| other_names =
| aircraft_type = UAV
| aim =
| outcome =
| related =
| national_origin = [[Iran]]
| manufacturer = [[Ground Forces of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps]]
| design_group = HESA
| designer =
| builder =
| issuer =
| status = In service
| owners =
| primary_user = [[Iran]]
| more_users =
| service =
| major_applications =
| proposals =
| prototypes =
| number_built = Not Mentioned
| construction_number =
| civil_registration =
| military_serial =
| radio_code =
| requirement =
| aircraft_carried =
| flights =
| total_hours =
| total_distance =
| construction_date = 22 September 2017 (was shown)
| introduction = 27 June 2020 (Was Unveiled)
| retired =
| first_flight = 22 September 2017 (Was displayed)
| initiated =
| in_service =
| last_flight =
| expected =
| developed_from =
| variants =
| developed_into =
| preservation =
| fate =
| predecessors =
| successors =
| concluded =
}}

'''Meraj UAV''' ({{langx|fa|پهپاد معراج}}) is an Iranian <ref>[https://www.tasnimnews.com/fa/news/1399/02/20/2259537/ Exclusive film | Meraj; The latest IRGC ground reconnaissance drone] [[Tasnim News Agency|tasnimnews.com]], Retrieved 18 March 2021</ref><ref>[https://iranplatform.com/en/2020/08/234-meraj-uav/ Meraj UAV] iranplatform.com, Retrieved 18 March 2021</ref><ref>[https://www.aparat.com/v/u3lGj/%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%9B_%D8%AC%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%AF%D8%AA%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%86_%D9%BE%D9%87%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D8%B4%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C_%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C_%D8%B2%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%B3%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%87 Meraj, The latest IRGC ground reconnaissance drone] [[Aparat|aparat.com]], Retrieved 18 March 2021</ref> drone belonging to the [[Ground Forces of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps|Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps]]. This unmanned aerial vehicle is able to fly at a speed of 140 km/h to an altitude of 12,000 feet (3660 m). Meraj's weight is 33 kilograms and is capable of carrying a load of 5 kilograms. This UAV which is considered among the latest [[IRGC]] ground drones, has done its tests/experiments, and is ready to perform reconnaissance missions.<ref>[https://nournews.ir/En/News/49476/Meraj;-the-latest-IRGC-ground-reconnaissance-drone Meraj; the latest IRGC ground reconnaissance drone] nournews.ir, Retrieved 18 March 2021</ref> Meraj unmanned aerial vehicle is a product of design/construction at the [[Ground Forces of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps|NEZSA]] Self-Sufficiency Jihad Organization's UAV Research Center.<ref>[https://www.irinn.ir/fa/news/794789/ Meraj, The latest IRGC ground reconnaissance drone] [[Islamic Republic of Iran News Network|irinn.ir]]</ref><ref>[https://www.alef.ir/news/3990407084.html Unveiling of the new achievements of the IRGC] alef.ir, Retrieved 18 March 2021</ref><ref>[https://www.alef.ir/news/3991128032.html Features of IRGC Ascension UAV + video and photos] alef.ir, Retrieved 18 March 2021</ref>
==History==
The first time, Meraj-UAV was indicated<ref>[http://sobhe-no.ir/newspaper/962/4/39098 Unveiling of several IRGC defense achievements (Meraj UAV)]{{Dead link|date=March 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} sobhe-no.ir, Retrieved 18 March 2021</ref><ref>[http://kayhan.ir/fa/news/191677 Unveiling of several IRGC defense achievements (Meraj UAV)] kayhan.ir, Retrieved 18 March 2021</ref> during a parade on 22 September 2017 in [[Tehran]]. The recoil of this Iranian unmanned aerial vehicle is a kind of landing on the belly of the UAV, and that's why this utilizes a built-in elevator camera in its body, which doesn't cause of any damage during its landing. The utilizing of this sort of launcher lets the ascension unmanned aerial vehicle to not need a specific runway for landing/takeoff, and in order to be capable to fly on any type of road(s) or highway(s) that possesses a flat surface.<ref>[https://nournews.ir/En/News/49476/Meraj;-the-latest-IRGC-ground-reconnaissance-drone Meraj; the latest IRGC ground reconnaissance drone] nournews.ir, Retrieved 18 March 2021</ref><ref>[https://www.mashreghnews.ir/news/1070798 Familiarity with the new IRGC ground drone + photo] mashreghnews.ir, Retrieved 18 March 2021</ref><ref>[https://www.hamshahrionline.ir/news/509795 Videos and photos | See the latest IRGC ground reconnaissance drone] hamshahrionline.ir, Retrieved 18 March 2021</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

{{Iran Military}}
{{Iranian Aircraft}}
{{Weapons of Iran}}

[[Category:Military equipment of Iran]]
[[Category:Unmanned aerial vehicles of Iran]]
[[Category:Aircraft manufactured in Iran]]
[[Category:Iranian military aircraft]]
[[Category:Weapons of Iran]]
[[Category:High-wing aircraft]]
[[Category:Unmanned military aircraft]]
[[Category:Unmanned military aircraft of Iran]]

Rahul Mathur

2025-11-07T00:46:40Z

FinlayPulido6: added references

{{notability|1=Biographies|date=July 2022}}

Deputy Commandant '''Rahul Mathur''' is a serving [[Central Reserve Police Force|CRPF]] officer of 2008 Batch [[Union Public Service Commission|UPSC]] who was awarded with [[Kirti Chakra]] by [[President of India]] [[Ram Nath Kovind]]<ref>{{Citation |title=President Kovind presents Kirti Chakra to Shri Rahul Mathur, Deputy Commandant, CRPF | date=23 November 2021 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I6aKYx19cHI |language=en |access-date=2022-06-10}}</ref>

== Career ==
Mathur joined the CRPF as Assistant Commandant and trained at [[CRPF Academy]] in [[Gurgaon]]. He has also served in [[CRPF Valley QAT]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=CRPF deputy commandant, wounded in Batmaloo encounter, critical |url=https://www.theweek.in/news/india/2020/09/17/crpf-deputy-commandant-wounded-in-batmaloo-encounter-critical.html |access-date=2022-06-10 |website=The Week |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Indian police officers]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

{{cat improve|date=July 2022}}

{{India-bio-stub}}
{{Law-enforcement-bio-stub}}

Serve in crpf

Kanak Durga Temple

2025-09-29T13:18:14Z

FinlayPulido6: started new place more to come - done

{{Short description|Hindu temple dedicated to Devi Durga}}
{{distinguish|Kanaka Durga Temple}}
{{Infobox Hindu temple
|name = Kanak Durga Temple
|native_name = কনক দুর্গা মন্দির
|native_name_lang = bn
|image = Chilkigarh Kanak Durga Temple.jpg
|map_type = India# India West Bengal
|map_relief = yes
|map_caption = Location in India
|coordinates = {{coord|22.454185 |N|86.881557|E|type:landmark_region:IN_source:dewiki|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|country = {{flag|India}}
|state = [[West Bengal]]
|district = [[Jhargram district|Jhargram]]
|location = [[Chilkigarh]]
|deity = [[Durga]]
|festivals = [[Durga Puja]]
|temple_quantity =
|monument_quantity =
|established = 500 years ago (approximately)
|creator =
|website = {{URL|https://jhargram.gov.in/tourist-place/kanak-durga-temple/|jhargram.gov.in/kanak-durga-temple}}
}}

'''Kanak Durga Temple '''is a [[Hinduism|Hindu]] temple dedicated to [[Durga|Devi Durga]], located at [[Chilkigarh]], [[Jhargram district]] in [[West Bengal]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Chakraborty |first=Goutam |year=2020 |title=Know Your State West Bengal |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nSUhEAAAQBAJ |publisher=Arihant Publication India Limited |isbn=9789325292222 |page=156}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.google.co.in/maps/place/FV3J%2BMM2+Chilkigarh+Kanak-Durga+Temple,+Shankar+Rd,+Chilkigarh-+Jamboni+Rd,+Chilkigarh,+West+Bengal+721505/@22.4541403,86.8816346,16z/data=!4m6!3m5!1s0x3a1d825df2bb36b5:0xcc135d3c41a3b577!8m2!3d22.4541403!4d86.8816346!16s%2Fg%2F1tfvrcmf|title=Kanak Durga Temple on Google Maps|access-date= 12 July 2024}}</ref>

== About ==
The Kanak Durga Temple is laying on the bank of Dulung river, which is 14 kilometers away from [[Jhargram district|Jhargram]] town.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kanak Durga Temple {{!}} Jhargram District, Government of West Bengal {{!}} India |url=https://jhargram.gov.in/tourist-place/kanak-durga-temple/ |access-date=2024-07-18 |language=en-US}}</ref> The family of Ramchandra Sarangi, a [[Brahmin]] from [[Odisha]], is the family priest of the [[Jhargram Palace|Jhargram royal family]], is also the priest of this temple through generations.<ref>{{cite web
| url = https://bengali.indianexpress.com/lifestyle/kanakdurga-temple-in-jhargram-479391/
| title = কয়েকশো বছরের পুরোনো মন্দির, মনস্কামনা পূরণের জন্য জঙ্গলপথ পেরিয়ে যেখানে পৌঁছন ভক্তরা
| date = 10 August 2022
| website = bengali.Indianexpress.com
| publisher = [[The Indian Express]]
| access-date = 12 July 2024
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20240712014842/https://bengali.indianexpress.com/lifestyle/kanakdurga-temple-in-jhargram-479391/
| archive-date = 12 July 2024
| language = bn
}}</ref>

== History ==
History says that the feudal king of Chilakigarh, Gopinath Singh, built this temple. Following a divine dream, he crafted the idol using his wife's bangles. Locals say that once upon a time human sacrifices offered to Deity until the blood reached Dulung river (following down the temple).<ref>{{cite web
| url = https://www.anandabazar.com/ananda-utsav/puja-parikrama/lesser-known-rituals-of-jhargrams-kanak-durga-temple-dgtl/cid/1462498
| title = নবমীর রাতে নরবলি হত ঝাড়গ্রামের কনকদুর্গা মন্দিরে!
| last = সরকার
| first = অনিরুদ্ধ
| date = 25 September 2023
| website = anandabazar.com
| publisher = [[Anandabazar Patrika]]
| access-date = 12 July 2024
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20240712003531/https://www.anandabazar.com/ananda-utsav/puja-parikrama/lesser-known-rituals-of-jhargrams-kanak-durga-temple-dgtl/cid/1462498
| archive-date = 12 July 2024
| language = bn
}}</ref> However, following the goddess's directive, this practice was stopped. Yet, [[Animal sacrifice|animal sacrifices]], specifically goat sacrifices, still occur. This takes place on the night of [[Ashtami]], deep within the nearby forest. Only members of the royal family participate in the night worship. Locals believe that on [[Navami]], the offerings are cooked by [[Durga|Goddess Durga]] herself. During the Maoist era, the statue was stolen twice in 2007–2008.<ref>{{cite web
| url = https://bangla.latestly.com/west-bengal/durga-puja-2023jhargrams-kanak-durga-temple-is-a-blend-of-history-and-tradition-see-details-250186.html
| title = Durga Puja 2023: প্রায় ৫০০ বছরের প্রাচীন চিল্কিগড়ের কনক দুর্গা মন্দির, জনশ্রুতি অষ্টমীর রাতে ভোগ রান্না করেন দেবী স্বয়ং
| last = Mukherjee
| first = Indranil
| date = 4 October 2023
| website = bangla.latestly.com
| publisher = Latestly
| access-date = 12 July 2024
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20240712010405/https://bangla.latestly.com/west-bengal/durga-puja-2023jhargrams-kanak-durga-temple-is-a-blend-of-history-and-tradition-see-details-250
| archive-date = 12 July 2024
| language = bn
| url-status = live
}}</ref> A new idol made of [[Ashtadhatu]] (an alloy of eight metals) was created. CCTV cameras were installed in the temple. The Kanak Durga Temple has also made its place on the tourism map of West Bengal.<ref>{{Cite web |title='Holy Forest' around Jhargram declared Bio-Heritage Site |url=https://www.getbengal.com/details/holy-forest-around-jhargram-declared-bio-heritage-site |access-date=2024-07-18 |website=Get Bengal |language=en}}</ref> There is a vast herbal forest adjacent to the temple.<ref>{{cite book
|title = Temples of Bengal
|last = Mukherjee
|first = Sreecheta
|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=lkM4DwAAQBAJ
|year = 2012
|publisher = Aesthetics Media Services
|pages = 94–99
}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{Commons category-inline|Kanak Durga Temple, Jhargram}}

{{Hindu temples in West Bengal}}
{{Portal bar|India|Hinduism|History}}

[[Category:Durga temples]]
[[Category:Jhargram district]]
[[Category:Hindu temples in West Bengal]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Jhargram district|J]]

{{India-hindu-temple-stub}}

Tamar, India

2025-07-27T22:01:59Z

FinlayPulido6: put up post

{{other uses|Tamar (disambiguation){{!}}Tamar}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Tamar
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Jharkhand#India3
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Jharkhand, India
| coordinates = {{coord|23.0544|N|85.6553|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Jharkhand]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of Jharkhand|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Ranchi district|Ranchi]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 12345
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages (*For language details see [[Tamar block#Language and religion]])
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]], [[Urdu language|Urdu]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 835225
| area_code_type = Telephone/ [[Subscriber trunk dialling|STD code]]
| area_code = 06585
| registration_plate = JH 01
| blank1_name_sec1 = Literacy
| blank1_info_sec1 = 68.96%
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank2_info_sec1 = [[Khunti (Lok Sabha constituency)|Khunti]]
| blank3_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency
| blank3_info_sec1 = [[Tamar (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Tamar]]
| website = {{URL|ranchi.nic.in/}}
| footnotes =
}}
'''Tamar''' is a village in the [[Tamar block|Tamar]] [[Community development block in India|CD block]] in the [[Bundu subdivision]] of the [[Ranchi district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Jharkhand]].

==Geography==
{{OSM Location map
| width=450| height=350| zoom=9
| coord={{coord|23|23|0|N|85|25|0|E}}| float=left|caption='''Cities, towns and locations in Ranchi district in South Chotanagpur Division''' M: municipality, CT: census town, R: rural/ urban centre, N: neighbourhood, T: tourist centre, D: dam, H: historical/ religious centre Owing to space constraints in the small map, the actual locations in a larger map may vary slightly
|mark-coord1={{coord|23|24|26|N|85|29|6|E}} | label-pos1=right|label1= Angara | numbered1=R| mark-title1=[[Angara, Jharkhand]] (R)|label-color1=#800000 |label-size1=11| mark-size1=12|shape1=l-circle|shape-color1= #C40000|shape-outline1=white|label-offset-x1=2
|mark-coord2={{coord|23|32|53|N|84|55|25|E}} | label-pos2=right|label2= Balsokra| numbered2=R| mark-title2=[[Balsokra]] (R)
|mark-coord3={{coord|23|18|5|N|85|0|56|E}} | label-pos3= right|label3= Bero| numbered3=R| mark-title3=[[Bero, India]] (R)
|mark-coord4={{coord|23|34|28|N|85|7|53|E}} | label-pos4=right|label4= Burmu| numbered4=R| mark-title4=[[Burmu]] (R)
|mark-coord5={{coord|23|30|44|N|84|58|35|E}} | label-pos5=right|label5= Chanho| numbered5=R| mark-title5=[[Chanho]] (R)
|mark-coord6={{coord|23|34|43|N|85|31|2|E}} | label-pos6=left|label6= Chutupalu| numbered6=R| mark-title6=[[Chutupalu]] (R)
|mark-coord7={{coord|23|40|5|N|85|1|20|E}} | label-pos7=right|label7= Dakra| numbered7=R| mark-title7=[[Dakra, Ranchi]] (R)
|mark-coord8={{coord|23|21|24|N|85|7|21|E}} | label-pos8=top|label8= Itki| numbered8=R| mark-title8=[[Itki, India]] (R)
|mark-coord9={{coord|23|6|45|N|84|56|32|E}} | label-pos9=right|label9= Lapung| numbered9=R| mark-title9=[[Lapung]] (R)
|mark-coord10={{coord|23|27|47|N|85|5|29|E}} | label-pos10=left|label10= Mandar| numbered10=R| mark-title10=[[Mandar, Ranchi]] (R)
|mark-coord11={{coord|23|26|5|N|85|24|44|E}} | label-pos11=right|label11= Mesra| numbered11=R| mark-title11=[[Mesra, Ranchi]] (R)
|mark-coord12={{coord|23|19|20|N|85|11|0|E}} | label-pos12=left|label12= Nagri| numbered12=R| mark-title12=[[Nagri, Jharkhand]] (R)
|mark-coord13={{coord|23|29|30|N|85|29|0|E}} | label-pos13=left|label13= Ormanjhi| numbered13=R| mark-title13=[[Ormanjhi]] (R)
|mark-coord14={{coord|23|15|55|N|85|38|40|E}} | label-pos14=top|label14= Rahe| numbered14=R| mark-title14=[[Rahe, Jharkhand]] (R)
|mark-coord15={{coord|23|21|1|N|85|51|4|E}} | label-pos15=left|label15= Silli| numbered15=R| mark-title15=[[Silli]] (R)
|mark-coord16={{coord|23|12|13|N|85|42|26|E}} | label-pos16=right|label16= Sonahatu| numbered16=R| mark-title16=[[Sonahatu]] (R)
|mark-coord17={{coord|23|3|15|N|85|39|19|E}} | label-pos17=right|label17= Tamar| numbered17=R| mark-title17= Tamar (R)|shape-color17=black| label-size17=13|label-color17=black 
|mark-coord18={{coord|23|16|40|N|85|18|30|E}} | label-pos18=right|label18= Hatia| numbered18=R| mark-title18=[[Hatia]] (R)
|mark-coord19={{coord|23|21|6|N|85|19|12|E}} | label-pos19=left|label19=Ranchi| numbered19=M| mark-title19= [[Ranchi]] (M) |label-size19=12 |label-color19=#800000
|mark-coord20={{coord|23|10|12|N|85|34|48|E}} | label-pos20=top|label20=Bundu| numbered20=M| mark-title20= [[Bundu, India]] (M) |label-color20=#800000
|mark-coord21={{coord|23|21|25|N|85|24|15|E}} | label-pos21=right|label21= Ara | numbered21=CT| mark-title21=[[Ara, Ranchi]] (CT) |shape-color21= #A40000
|mark-coord22={{coord|23|25|50|N|85|20|40|E}} | label-pos22=top|label22= Arsande | numbered22=CT| mark-title22=[[Arsande]] (CT) |shape-color22= #A40000
|mark-coord23={{coord|23|18|20|N|85|22|11|E}} | label-pos23=right|label23= Bargarwa | numbered23=CT| mark-title23=[[Bargarwa]] (CT) |shape-color23= #A40000
|mark-coord24={{coord|23|39|40|N|85|0|16|E}} | label-pos24=left|label24= Bishrampur | numbered24=CT| mark-title24=[[Bishrampur, Jharkhand]] (CT) |shape-color24= #A40000
|mark-coord25={{coord|23|41|55|N|85|1|11|E}} | label-pos25=left|label25= Churi | numbered25=CT| mark-title25=[[Churi]] (CT) |shape-color25= #A40000
|mark-coord26={{coord|23|27|46|N|85|26|32|E}} | label-pos26=right|label26= Irba | numbered26=CT| mark-title26=[[Irba]] (CT) |shape-color26= #A40000
|mark-coord27={{coord|23|26|8|N|85|18|20|E}} | label-pos27=bottom|label27= Kanke | numbered27=CT| mark-title27=[[Kanke]] (CT) |shape-color27= #A40000
|mark-coord28={{coord|23|38|10|N|84|59|0|E}} | label-pos28=bottom|label28= Khelari | numbered28=CT| mark-title28=[[Khelari]] (CT) |shape-color28= #A40000
|mark-coord29={{coord|23|23|44|N|85|51|41|E}} | label-pos29=left|label29= Muri | numbered29=CT| mark-title29=[[Muri, Ranchi]] (CT) |shape-color29= #A40000
|mark-coord30={{coord|23|19|50|N|85|22|36|E}} | label-pos30=right|label30= Namkum | numbered30=N| mark-title30=[[Namkum, Ranchi]] (N) |shape-color30=#C42222
|mark-coord31={{coord|23|25|13|N|85|13|14|E}} | label-pos31=top|label31= Ratu | numbered31=CT| mark-title31= [[Ratu, Ranchi]] (CT) |shape-color31= #A40000
|mark-coord32={{coord|23|42|36|N|85|3|12|E}} | label-pos32=right|label32= Ray | numbered32=CT| mark-title32=[[Ray, Jharkhand]] (CT) |shape-color32= #A40000
|mark-coord33={{coord|23|22|57|N|85|25|44|E}} | label-pos33=right|label33= Tati | numbered33=CT| mark-title33=[[Tati, Ranchi]] (CT) |shape-color33= #A40000
|mark-coord34={{coord|23|19|20|N|85|14|10|E}} | label-pos34=bottom|label34= Tundul | numbered34=CT| mark-title34=[[Tundul]] (CT) |shape-color34= #A40000
|mark-coord35={{coord|23|27|4|N|85|41|36|E}} | label-pos35= bottom|label35=Hundru |labela35= Falls| numbered35=T| mark-title35= [[Hundru Falls]] (T) |shape-color35= #74C365
|mark-coord36={{coord|23|20|30|N|85|36|30|E}} | label-pos36=right|label36=Jonha Falls| numbered36=T| mark-title36= [[Jonha Falls]] (T) |shape-color36= #74C365
|mark-coord37={{coord|23|8|46|N|85|28|2|E}} | label-pos37=left|label37=Dassam Falls| numbered37=T| mark-title37= [[Dassam Falls]] (T) |shape-color37= #74C365
|mark-coord38={{coord|23|27|34|N|85|32|40|E}}| label38= Getalsud |labela38= Dam| label-color38 = #C42222 | label-angle38=0| label-pos38=right| label-size38=11| mark-size38=12| numbered38=D|mark-title38 =[[Getalsud Dam]]| shape-color38=#C42222
|mark-coord39={{coord|23|28|0|N|85|48|0|E}} |label39= Subarnarekha |labela39= River |label-color39 = #77A1CB| label-angle39= 5| label-pos39=top| label-size39=10| mark-size39=0| mark-title39 =none
|mark-coord40={{coord|23|16|0|N|85|46|0|E}} |label40= Raru |labela40= River |label-color40 = #77A1CB| label-angle40= 10| label-pos40=top| label-size40=10| mark-size40=0| mark-title40 =none
|mark-coord41={{coord|23|5|20|N|85|43|0|E}} |label41= Kanchi |labela41= River |label-color41 = #77A1CB| label-angle41= -25| label-pos41=top| label-size41=10| mark-size41=0| mark-title41 =none
|mark-coord42={{coord|22|58|0|N|85|48|0|E}} |label42= Karkari |labela42= River |label-color42 = #77A1CB| label-angle42= 5| label-pos42=top| label-size42=10| mark-size42=0| mark-title42 =none
|mark-coord43={{coord|23|29|40|N|85|37|0|E}} |label43= Bhairavi |labela43= River |label-color43 = #77A1CB| label-angle43= -10| label-pos43=top| label-size43=10| mark-size43=0| mark-title43 =none
|mark-coord44={{coord|23|42|20|N|85|9|0|E}} |label44= Damodar |labela44= River |label-color44 = #77A1CB| label-angle44= 0| label-pos44=top| label-size44=10| mark-size44=0| mark-title44 =none
|mark-coord45={{coord|23|24|0|N|84|55|0|E}} |label45= Koel |labela45= River |label-color45 = #77A1CB| label-angle45= 0| label-pos45=top| label-size45=10| mark-size45=0| mark-title45 =none
|mark-coord46={{coord|23|38|20|N|85|1|20|E}} | label-pos46=right|label46=CCL North|labela46= Karanpura Area |numbered46=0 | mark-title46=[[North Karanpura Area]] | label-size46=12| shape-color46=#AA6666
|mark-coord47={{coord|23|23|18|N|84|57|45|E}} | label-pos47=left|label47= Narkopi| numbered47=R| mark-title47=[[Narkopi]] (R)
|mark-coord48={{coord|23|31|17|N|85|17|29|E}} | label-pos48=left|label48= Pithuriya| numbered48=R| mark-title48=[[Pithuriya]] (R)
|mark-coord49={{coord|23|29|6|N|85|36|33|E}} | label-pos49=right|label49= Sikidiri| numbered49=R| mark-title49=[[Sikidiri]] (R)
|arc-coordA={{coord|23|12|10|N|85|57|0|E}}|arc-textA= WEST BENGAL| arc-text-colorA=hard grey| arc-angleA=-95| arc-gapA=2.5| arc-radiusA=0.4}}

===Location===
Tamar is located at {{coord|23.0544|N|85.6553|E|display=inline}}.

===Area overview===
The map alongside shows a part of the [[Chota Nagpur Plateau|Ranchi plateau]], most of it at an average elevation of 2,140 feet above sea level. Only a small part in the north-eastern part of the district is the lower Ranchi plateau, spread over [[Silli block|Silli]], [[Rahe block|Rahe]], [[Sonahatu block|Sonahatu]] and [[Tamar block|Tamar]] CD blocks, at an elevation of 500 to 1,000 feet above sea level. There is a 16 km long ridge south-west of Ranchi. There are isolated hills in the central plateau. The principal river of the district, the [[Subarnarekha River|Subarnarekha]], originates near [[Ratu, Ranchi|Ratu]], flows in an easterly direction and descends from the plateau, with a drop of about 300 feet at [[Hundru Falls]]. Subarnarekha and other important rivers are marked on the map. The forested area is shaded in the map.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2019_PART_A_DCHB_RANCHI.pdf|title = District Census Handbook, Ranchi, Series 21, Part XII A| work= Pages 10-11: Physiography, Drainage |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand | access-date = 19 September 2021}}</ref> A major part of the [[North Karanpura Area]] and some fringe areas of the [[Piparwar Area]] of the [[Central Coalfields|Central Coalfields Limited]], both located in the [[North Karanpura Coalfield]], are in Ranchi district.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.centralcoalfields.in/areas/nrkpra.php | title= Central Coalfields Limited| work= Areas – North Karanpura |publisher= CCL| accessdate = 19 September 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.centralcoalfields.in/areas/pprwr.php| title= Central Coalfields Limited| work= Areas – Piparwar |publisher= CCL| accessdate = 19 September 2021}}</ref> There has been extensive industrial activity in Ranchi district, since independence.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2019_PART_A_DCHB_RANCHI.pdf|title = District Census Handbook, Ranchi, Series 21, Part XII A| work= Page 14: Industry |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand | access-date = 19 September 2021}}</ref> Ranchi district is the first in the state in terms of population. 8.83% of the total population of the state lives in this district - 56.9% is rural population and 43.1% is urban population.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2019_PART_A_DCHB_RANCHI.pdf|title = District Census Handbook, Ranchi, Series 21, Part XII A| work= Pages 10-11: Physiography, Drainage |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand | access-date = 19 September 2021}}</ref>

Note: The map alongside presents some of the notable locations in the district. All places marked in the map are linked in the larger full screen map.

==Civic administration==
===Police station===
There is a police station at Tamar.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://jhpolice.gov.in/ranchi| title = District Police Profile - Ranchi| publisher = Jharkhand Police| access-date = 7 September 2021| archive-date = 8 September 2021| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210908124539/https://www.jhpolice.gov.in/ranchi| url-status = dead}}</ref>

===CD block HQ===
The headquarters of Tamar CD block are located at Tamar village.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2019_PART_A_DCHB_RANCHI.pdf|title = District Census Handbook, Ranchi, Series 21, Part XII A| work= Map of Ranchi district on the third page |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand | access-date = 7 September 2021}}</ref>

==Demographics==
According to the [[2011 Census of India]], Tamar had a total population of 12,345, of which 6,312 (51%) were males and 6,033 (49%) were females. Population in the age range 0–6 years was 1,779. The total number of literate persons in Tamar was 7,286 (68.96% of the population over 6 years).<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/2019_PART_B_DCHB_RANCHI.pdf |title = District Census Handbook, Ranchi , Series 21, Part XII B| work= Rural PCA-C.D. blocks wise Village Primary Census Abstract, location no. 374683, page 316-317|publisher= Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand | access-date = 7 September 2021}}</ref>

==Transport==
[[National Highway 43 (India)|National Highway 43]] (earlier NH 33) (Ranchi-Bundu-Tamar-Chandil-Jamshedpur), an important roadway in Ranchi district, passes through Tamar.<ref>{{cite web | url =https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2019_PART_A_DCHB_RANCHI.pdf | title = District Census Handbook Ranchi, Census of India 2011, Series 21, Part XII A | work= Page 15 Transport| publisher = Directorate of census Operations, Jharkhand|access-date = 25 September 2021}}</ref><ref name=google>Google maps</ref> Tamar is one of the terminal points of [[State Highway 3 (Jharkhand)|State Highway 3]].<ref name=google/>

==Education==
Government High School is a Hindi-medium coeducational high school established in 1949. It has facilities for teaching from class IX to class XII. It has a playground and a library with 927 books.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://schools.org.in/ranchi/20142011510/govt-plus-two-high-school-tamar.html | title = Government Plus 2 High School Tamar | publisher = Schools.org | access-date = 7 September 2021}}</ref>

Project High School is a Hindi-medium girls only institution established in 1980. It has facilities for teaching from class VIII to class X. It has a library with 25 books.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://schools.org.in/ranchi/20142011522/project-high-school-tamar.html | title = Project High School Tamar | publisher = Schools.org | access-date = 7 September 2021}}</ref>

Government ST Residential Girls High School is a Hindi-medium girls only institution established in 1981. It has facilities for teaching from class I to class X. It has a library with 1,800 books and has 5 computers for teaching and learning purposes.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://schools.org.in/ranchi/20142011520/govt-st-residential-girls-high-school-tamar.html| title = Government ST Residential Girls High School Tamar | publisher = Schools.org | access-date = 7 September 2021}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{South Chotanagpur Division}}

[[Category:Villages in Ranchi district]]

Vishnupad Temple, Gaya

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#REDIRECT [[Vishnupad Temple]]

{{Redirect category shell|
{{R from move}}
}}

Todoopura

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{{refimprove|date=May 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Todoopura
| native_name =
| native_name_lang = Hindi
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = [[Gram Panchayat]]
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Rajasthan#India
| pushpin_label_position = left
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Rajasthan, India
| coordinates = {{coord|26.38|N|76.60|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Rajasthan]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Karauli district|Karauli]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Tehsil]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Hindaun Block|Hindaun Tehsil]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 235
| population_total = 7000
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 322234
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = 91-7469
| registration_plate = RJ 34
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Human sex ratio|Sex ratio]]
| blank1_info_sec1 = 815:1000 [[male|♂]]/[[female|♀]]
| website =
| iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:IN|RJ-IN]]
| footnotes =

}}

'''Todoopura''' is a village in [[Hindaun Block]], [[Karauli district]] in the Indian State of [[Rajasthan]].<ref>{{cite web |author= |date=2011 |title=Basic Population Figures of India, States, Districts, Sub-District and Village, 2011 |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/42554/download/46180/2011-IndiaStateDistSbDistVill-0000.xlsx |website=censusindia.gov.in |publisher=[[Ministry of Home Affairs (India)|Ministry of Home Affairs]] |access-date=May 18, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220711042331/https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/42554/download/46180/2011-IndiaStateDistSbDistVill-0000.xlsx |archive-date=2022-07-11}}</ref>

Todoopura is located on the karaouli- hindaun highway. the village's current population is near 7000.

The majority caste in this village is jagarwad, ([[Meena|Meena community]]). jagarwad is the subcaste of zamindar meena (Meena community ). jagarwad people are famous for their strong control in the area.12 villages belongs to jagarwad sub cast.

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Villages in Karauli district]]

{{Bharatpurdivision-geo-stub}}

Lalchawngpuii

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#REDIRECT [[Laltheri]]

National Highway 161H (India)

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{{Short description|National highway in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2018}}

{{Infobox road
| country = IND
| type = NH
| route = 161H
| length_km = 28
| map = {{Maplink|frame=yes|frame-width=290|frame-height=300|frame-align=center|type=line|stroke-width=3
| id= Q56257059|title=National Highway 161H|text= Map of National Highway '''161H''' in red }}
| map_custom = yes
| direction_a = North
| direction_b = South
| terminus_a = [[Jalgaon Jamod]]
| terminus_b = [[Nandura]]
| junction =
| spur_type = NH
| spur_of = 61
| previous_type = NH
| next_type = NH
| previous_route = 161G
| next_route = 53
| states = [[Maharashtra]]
| destinations =
}}

'''National Highway 161H''', commonly referred to as '''NH 161H''', is a [[National Highway (India)|national highway]] in [[India]].<ref name=":122">{{Cite web|url=http://www.egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/2017/173465.pdf|title=New national highways notifications dated Jan, 2017|website=[[The Gazette of India]] - [[Ministry of Road Transport and Highways]]|access-date=25 Aug 2018}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://morth.nic.in/showfile.asp?lid=2924|title=State-wise length of National Highways (NH) in India as on 30.06.2017|website=[[Ministry of Road Transport and Highways]]|access-date=25 Aug 2018}}</ref> It is a [[Spur route|spur]] road of [[National Highway 61 (India)|National Highway 61]].<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=http://www.egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/2011/E_574_2012_016.pdf|title=New Numbering of National Highways notification - Government of India|website=[[The Gazette of India]]|access-date=25 Aug 2018}}</ref> NH-161H traverses the state of [[Maharashtra]] in India.

== Route ==

[[Jalgaon Jamod]] - [[Nandura]].<ref name=":122" /><ref name=":0" />

== Junctions ==
{{RJL|date=November 2021}}

: {{jct|NH|161G|country=IND}} Terminal near Jalgaon Jamod.<ref name=":122" />
: {{jct|NH|53|country=IND}} Terminal near Nandura.<ref name=":122" />

== See also ==
* [[List of national highways in India]]
* [[List of national highways in India by state]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==

* [http://openstreetmap.org/browse/relation/6857125 NH 161H on OpenStreetMap]

{{Indian Highways Network}}
{{IND NH61 sr}}

[[Category:National highways of India]]
[[Category:National highways in Maharashtra]]

{{India-NH-stub}}