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Piraji Sagara

2026-05-07T10:25:35Z

Filmeekeeda: adding new article

{{Short description|Indian painter and sculptor (1931–2014)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2018}}
'''Piraji Sagara''' was an Indian painter and sculptor from [[Ahmedabad]], [[Gujarat]].

==Life==
Piraji Sagara was born on 2 February 1931 in [[Ahmedabad]]. He [[matriculation|matriculated]] in 1950. He had a natural talent for art so he joined a drawing course and later served as a drawing teacher. He completed Masters in Drawing in 1957 and in Arts in 1960 from [[Sir Jamsetjee Jeejebhoy School of Art|Sir J. J. School of Art]], [[Bombay]]. His brother Ishwar Sagara was also an artist who learned from him without art education.<ref name="Chatterjee1971"/><ref name="Toiz">{{cite web | title=Artist Piraji Sagara no more | website=[[The Times of India]] | date=2 February 1931 | url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/Artist-Piraji-Sagara-no-more/articleshow/29320398.cms | accessdate=8 March 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Sûrya India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iCnoAAAAMAAJ|year=1979|publisher=A. Anand.|page=35}}</ref>

He taught art at the School (now Faculty) of Architecture, [[CEPT University]], [[Ahmedabad]] from 1963 to his retirement. He continued to work there until his death.<ref name="Toiz"/>

He died on 23 January 2014 in Ahmedabad.<ref name="Toiz"/>

==Works==
He introduced wood collages. He used coloured board, tin plates, brass plates, nails in sculptures and paintings.<ref name="Chatterjee1971">{{cite book|author=Ramananda Chatterjee|title=The Modern Review|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=71gjAQAAIAAJ|year=1971|publisher=Prabasi Press Private, Limited|page=356}}</ref><ref name="Toiz"/> He was also inspired by folk traditions of Gujarat.<ref name="Upadhya1994">{{cite book|author=Om Datt Upadhya|title=The Art of Ajanta and Sopoćani: A Comparative Study : an Enquiry in Prāṇa Aesthetics|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LCPx0R1TqOMC&pg=PA21|year=1994|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass|isbn=978-81-208-0990-1|page=21}}</ref> His works are exhibited around the world including São Paulo Biennale, Brazil in 1971; Art Now in India exhibition around Europe 1972–73; Exhibition of Asian Artists by Fukukoma Museum of Art, Tokyo 1979–80. He was invited to the 12th international festival of painters at Cagne Sur-Mer, France.<ref name="Lem">{{cite web | title=Artist: Piraji Sagara from India | website=Lemongrasshopper Art Gallery | date=2017 | url=http://www.lemongrasshopper.com/artists/piraji-sagara-profile.php | accessdate=8 March 2017}}</ref>

About the themes of his works, Subhash Shah wrote,<ref name="Asia Art Archive 2012">{{cite web | title=Piraji Sagara | website=Asia Art Archive | date=5 June 2012 | url=http://www.aaa.org.hk/Collection/Details/16766 | accessdate=8 March 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170308222708/http://www.aaa.org.hk/Collection/Details/16766 | archive-date=8 March 2017 | url-status=dead }}</ref>{{blockquote|Curious relationship of man with nature, with birds and animals, inherent contradictions in human existence, chaos and turmoil of the worlds we live in and above all, the profound mystery of nature are some of the prime and direct concerns of Piraji's world of thought and imagery. All these themes are given persuasive forms in his work.}}

==Recognition==
He received the medal of Kolkata Fine Arts Academy in 1960 and 1961. He was awarded the first prize of Gujarat State Lalit Kala Akademi in 1962. He received the award of [[Lalit Kala Akademi]], New Delhi in 1963. The basement of Faculty of Architecture in the CEPT University was named after him later.<ref name="Toiz"/><ref name="Lem"/>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lx8_pmFO3lo Short Interview By Hasmukh Baradi on Youtube]

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sagara, Piraji}}
[[Category:1931 births]]
[[Category:2014 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian male painters]]
[[Category:Artists from Ahmedabad]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian painters]]
[[Category:Sir J. J. School of Art alumni]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian sculptors]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian painters]]
[[Category:Painters from Gujarat]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male artists]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male artists]]

Surat Split

2026-05-07T06:54:43Z

Filmeekeeda:

{{Short description|1907 division of the Indian National Congress}}
{{refimprove|date=March 2020}}{{Copy edit|date=May 2026|for=grammar, style, and cohesion and to remove repetitive content}}
The '''Surat Split''' was the splitting of the (INC) [[Indian National Congress]] into two groups - the Early Nationalists aka Moderates and Radicals aka Extremists - at the Surat session in 1907.

However, this split was mended in the Congress session held in Lucknow in 1916

== History ==
'''1885-1907''' was known as the period of the moderates because they dominated the [[Indian National Congress]]. The Moderates used petitions, prayers, meetings, leaflets, pamphlets, memorandums, and delegations to present their demands to British Government . Their only notable achievements were the expansion of the legislative council by the [[Indian Councils Act 1892]]. This created dissatisfaction among the people. The 1907 INC meeting was to be held in [[Nagpur]]. The Radical leaders were not released till that date. Some of the new Radicals came into being with the same policy of prior Radicals. The Moderates supported [[Rash Behari Ghosh]]. [[Gopal Krishna Gokhale]] moved the meeting place from Nagpur to [[Surat]] fearing that in Nagpur, [[Bal Gangadhar Tilak]] would win. The partition of the Bengal Presidency drove the rise of radicalism in INC.

Surat was in Bombay Presidency/Province, Tilak's birthplace. Nagpur Province was the province of [[British India]] that covered parts of the present-day states of [[Madhya Pradesh]], [[Maharashtra]] and [[Chhattisgarh]], with Nagpur city as the capital. Since Surat was the home province of Tilak, he could not preside over the meeting. Hence it was decided that Rash Behari Ghosh would be president. Radicals protested in the INC meeting as Tilak was not given permission even to speak by pundit [[Madan Mohan Malaviya]]. A motion was moved in support of Rash Behari Ghosh to be elected as new president, moderates supported motion by voice vote, aye while Radicals/Extremists shouted boo in opposition. Some moderates got angry after hearing boo and sent their goons to attack extremists and Tilak. In retaliation radicals reacted by throwing eggs and footwear and called for the meeting to be cancelled. The shoes hit not one but two stalwarts: first [[Surendranath Banerjee|Surendranath Banerjeea]] and then Sir [[Pherozeshah Mehta]]. Worse, the shoe-throwing was followed by a pandemonium in which Radicals threw chairs at the dais and hit their rivals with sticks.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2009-05-07|title=Desi antecedents of shoe-throwing|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/blogs/Legalairs/desi-antecedents-of-shoe-throwing/|access-date=2020-08-27|website=Times of India Blog|language=en-US}}</ref> The Moderates held a secret meeting and decided to expel the radicals.

The Moderates and the Radicals patched up their differences for a year, but in 1907 the two groups permanently split up. When they met at Surat for their annual session, they shouted at each other and threw chairs and shoes. The police stopped the meeting.

A further split occurred between Hindu and Muslim nationalists due to the militant nationalism that had long existed, set in place due to the multifaceted culture and tradition. Radicals such as Tilak advocated for the Hindu culture that was prevalent in the country. While he succeeded in creating a strong political identity, he also used [[Shivaji]] and [[Akbar]] to stimulate religious beliefs as a unifier. To this day, there is a false perception that the Tilak was against Muslims, but he developed a good rapport with [[Muhammad Ali Jinnah]] before he joined [[Muslim League (Opposition)|Muslim League]]. Jinnah was Tilak's lawyer when the British colonial government charged him with sedition. Muslims were seen by the colonial government as an effective counter-balance to the demands of Hindu independence activists, which influenced them to grant Muslims separate electorates in the [[Indian Councils Act 1909]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Kulke |first1=Hermanne |last2=Rothermund |first2=Dietmar |title=A History of India|url=http://www.ahandfulofleaves.org/documents/A%20History%20of%20India_Kulke.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150226092618/http://ahandfulofleaves.org/documents/A%20History%20of%20India_Kulke.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-date=February 26, 2015|edition=4th|publisher=Routledge |year=2004}}</ref>

In the light of the split, the Moderates restated the goal of Congress to be the attainment of self-government within the [[British Empire]]. The [[Indian National Congress]] was also split into two different groups called Moderates and Radicals because Moderates wanted to go against the British peacefully but Radicals wanted to go against the British violently, but the aim of both was to expel or suppress the [[British Empire]] from [[India]].

==Background==
Moderates believed in the policy of settlement of minor issues with the government by deliberations. But the radicals believed in agitation, strikes, and boycotts. Nationalists led by [[Lokmanya Tilak]] agitated against the Moderates. The split between these two sections became visible at the end of Congress' Banaras Session (1905). Lokmanya Tilak and his followers held a separate conference and formed the Extremist Party.<ref>{{cite web|title=Surat Split 1907|url=http://www.ias.org.in/2012/03/surat-split-1907.html|publisher=ias.org.in|accessdate=24 August 2013}}</ref> However they decided to work as a part of the INC. The difference between moderates and extremists widened in Congress' Calcutta Session of (1906) and attempts were made to select one of them as the president. The moderates opposed the resolutions on [[Swaraj]], [[Swadeshi movement|Swadeshi]], Boycott of foreign goods, and National Education and requested to withdraw from the policy laid down in the Calcutta session. But the extremists were not ready to do so.<ref>{{cite web|title=THE SURAT CONGRESS|url=http://www.sriaurobindoashram.org/research/show.php?set=doclife&id=11|publisher=Documents in the Life of Sri Aurobindo|accessdate=24 August 2013}}</ref>

In Surat Session (1907), The Radicals or Extremists wanted Lala Lajpat Rai or Tilak as a [[President (corporate title)|presidential]] candidate, and Moderates supported Rash Behari Ghosh to be the President.<ref>{{cite web|title=Surat Session (1907)|url=http://www.historytuition.com/early_phase_of_nation/surat_session.html|accessdate=24 August 2013}}</ref> But Lala Lajpat Rai stepped down and Rash Behari Ghosh became the President. The colonial authorities immediately clamped down on the extremists and their newspapers were suppressed. Lokmanya Tilak, their main leader, was imprisoned in [[Mandalay]] (present-day [[Myanmar]]) for six years.<ref>{{cite web|title=Split in Congress - Part II|url=http://indiansaga.com/history/bengal_split1.html|publisher=IndianSaga.com|accessdate=24 August 2013}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Early Nationalists]]

==References==
<References/>

[[Category:1907 in India]]
[[Category:Indian independence movement]]

Yajamana (2000 film)

2026-05-07T01:37:15Z

Filmeekeeda: New New Details - done

{{short description|2000 film by Radha Bharathi}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| native_name =
| image = Yajamana (2000 film).jpg
| caption = DVD cover
| director = {{plainlist|
*R. Sheshadri
*[[Radha Bharathi]]
}}
| producer = {{plainlist|
*K. Mustafa
*Smt. Meharunnisa. K. Rehman
}}
| writer = [[Ravi Srivatsa]] (dialogues)
| story = [[Vikraman]]
| screenplay = {{plainlist|
*R. Sheshadri
*Radha Bharathi
}}
| based_on = {{based on|''[[Vaanathaippola]]'' (Tamil) by [[Vikraman]]}}
| starring = {{plainlist|
*[[Vishnuvardhan (actor)|Vishnuvardhan]]
*[[Shashi Kumar]]
*[[Abhijith (actor)|Abhijith]]
*[[Prema (actress, born 1977)|Prema]]
}}
| music = [[Rajesh Ramanath]]
| cinematography = Ramesh Babu
| editing = P. R. Soundar Raj
| studio = Oscar Films
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|2000|12|01|df=yes}}
| runtime = 161 minutes
| country = India
| language = Kannada
| gross = ₹20 crore<ref name=":20"/>
}}

'''''Yajamana''''' ({{audio|Kn-ಯಜಮಾನ.ogg|pronunciation}}; {{Translation|Figure Head}}) is a 2000 Indian [[Kannada]]-language [[drama film]] directed by R. Sheshadri and [[Radha Bharathi]].
The film stars [[Vishnuvardhan (actor)|Vishnuvardhan]], [[Shashikumar]], [[Abhijith (actor)|Abhijith]], and [[Prema (actress, born 1977)|Prema]]. It is a remake of Tamil film ''[[Vaanathaippola]]'', which released at the same year. The movie became an industry hit by creating many records.<ref name=ms>{{Cite web |url=https://metrosaga.com/top-5-surprising-facts-about-the-2000-hit-yajamana-starring-dr-vishnuvardhan/ |title=Top 5 Surprising Facts About the 2000-Hit Yajamana Starring Dr. Vishnuvardhan |date=11 October 2019 |access-date=3 February 2023 |archive-date=3 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230203205137/https://metrosaga.com/top-5-surprising-facts-about-the-2000-hit-yajamana-starring-dr-vishnuvardhan/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Plot==
{{More plot|date=May 2025}}
Shankar sacrifices his own interests and refuses to marry in order to focus his attention on supporting and educating his three younger brothers. However, his life changes when a girl falls in love with him.

== Cast ==
{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
* [[Vishnuvardhan (actor)|Vishnuvardhan]] in dual role as Shankar / Ganesha
* [[Shashi Kumar]] as Subramanya
* [[Abhijith (actor)|Abhijith]] as Shanmukha
* [[Prema (actress, born 1977)|Prema]] as Sangeetha
* [[Avinash Yelandur|Avinash]] as Devaraj
* [[Ramesh Bhat]] as Ramesh
* [[Tennis Krishna]] as Tippesha
* [[Pavitra Lokesh]] as Lakshmi
* [[Swathi (actress)|Swathi]] as Keerti
* [[M. N. Lakshmi Devi]] as Ammamma
* Lakshman as Rajeeva, Sangeetha's father
* Ashalatha as Sangeetha's mother
* [[Shivaram]] as hotel owner
* [[R. G. Vijayasarathy]] as Swamiji at hotel
* [[Archana (Kannada actress)|Archana]]
* [[Shobaraj (Kannada Actor)|Shobaraj]]
* [[Michael Madhu]] as Beggar
* [[Kazan Khan]] as Keerthi's cousin who wants to marry her
{{div col end}}

==Production==
Two songs were shot at Nepal and Darjeeling.<ref>{{cite web|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030210154449/http://movies.indiainfo.com/kannada/onthesets/index.html|archive-date=10 February 2003|title=Indiainfo: Kannada: on the sets|url=http://movies.indiainfo.com/kannada/onthesets/index.html|work=India info}}</ref> The film was shot at Chikmagalur while the hotel scenes were shot on a set at Kadur Road, Bangalore.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://movies.indiainfo.com/kannada/onthesets/more3.html|title=Yajamana's unit back in Bangalore|website=Indiainfo|access-date=14 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041216072853/http://movies.indiainfo.com/kannada/onthesets/more3.html|archive-date=16 December 2004}}</ref>

== Soundtrack ==
{{Infobox album
| name = Yajamana
| type = Soundtrack
| artist = [[Rajesh Ramanath]]
| cover = Yejamana album cover.JPG
| border = yes
| alt =
| caption = Soundtrack cover
| released = 1 April 2000
| recorded =
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Film soundtrack|Feature film soundtrack]]
| length = 34:47
| language = Kannada
| label = [[Anand Audio]]
| producer =
| prev_title =
| prev_year =
| next_title =
| next_year =
}}

The official soundtrack contains all songs tuned by [[Rajesh Ramanath]] with all the tunes reprising from the Tamil original composed by [[S. A. Rajkumar]] except the song "Mysore Mallige". The lyrics for the tracks were penned by [[K. Kalyan]]. The album consists of eight tracks.<ref>{{cite web |title= Yejamana (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) |url= https://music.apple.com/in/album/yejamana-original-motion-picture-soundtrack/998330743 |publisher= iTunes |access-date= 22 August 2014 |archive-date= 15 October 2017 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20171015170308/https://itunes.apple.com/in/album/yejamana-original-motion-picture-soundtrack/id998330743 |url-status= live }}</ref> The song "Namma Maneyalli" is based on "Dil Deewana" from the [[Hindi]] film ''[[Daag (1999 film)|Daag]]'' (1999),<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://chennaimemes.in/when-ravi-jadeja-played-engal-veetil-from-vanathai-pola-song-while-working-out-at-gym/|title=When Ravi Jadeja Played "Engal Veetil" From "Vanathai Pola" Song While Working Out At Gym !!|work=Chennai Memes|date=5 June 2021|access-date=24 April 2024|archive-date=30 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230130090142/https://chennaimemes.in/when-ravi-jadeja-played-engal-veetil-from-vanathai-pola-song-while-working-out-at-gym/|url-status=live}}</ref>
which itself borrows its [[charanam]] from "Pehli Pehli Baar Mohabbat Ki Hai" from ''[[Sirf Tum]]'' (1999).<ref>{{Cite tweet |user=Sylvianism |number= 1713460227511624131|title=Engal Veetil (2000) is a photocopy of Dil Deewana (Daag, 1999). But Dil Deewana shares the charanam with Pehli Pehli (Siri Tum, 1999).|first=Sylvian|last=Patrick|author-link=Medium (website)}}</ref> The audio rights for the film was purchased by [[Anand Audio]] for 9 lakh rupees. Interestingly, the audio company earned 113 times their investment making 8 crore rupees.<ref name=ms /> It was also reported to have collected more than {{INR}}3 [[crore]] in [[Cassette tape|cassette]] sales of the film's soundtrack album.<ref name=dh /> The audio was launched at Hotel Ashok.<ref>{{cite web|title=Audio release of YAJAMANA|website=Indiainfo|access-date=29 April 2025|url=http://movies.indiainfo.com/kannada/movienews/8june.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20021214130347/http://movies.indiainfo.com/kannada/movienews/8june.html|archive-date=14 December 2002}}</ref>

{{track listing
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length = 34:47
| title1 = Premachandrama
| extra1 = [[Rajesh Krishnan]]
| length1 = 4:32
| title2 = Namma Maneyalli
| extra2 = [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[K. S. Chithra|Chithra]], Rajesh Krishnan
| length2 = 4:41
| title3 = Mysoru Mallige
| extra3 = Rajesh Krishnan, Chithra
| length3 = 4:01
| title4 = Premachandrama
| extra4 = S. P. Balasubrahmanyam
| length4 = 4:23
| title5 = Sree Gandhada Gombe
| extra5 = Chithra, Rajesh Krishnan
| length5 = 5:28
| title6 = O Maina O Maina
| extra6 = Chithra, Rajesh Krishnan
| length6 = 5:35
| title7 = Bana Chandrama
| extra7 = Chithra
| length7 = 1:57
| title8 = Navile Pancharangi
| extra8 = [[Nanditha (singer)|Nanditha]], [[Devan Ekambaram]]
| length8 = 4:10
}}

== Reception ==
The film opened to positive reviews from critics and media. Vishnuvardhan's acting and music by Rajesh Ramnath were appreciated.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.vishnuvardhan.com/yajmana.htm |title=Yajamana — Review |publisher=Vishnuvardhan.com |access-date=2013-02-23 |archive-date=10 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190910211453/http://www.vishnuvardhan.com/yajmana.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> ''Chitraloka'' wrote "It is a treat to watch for the family audience. Leave aside that this film is a remake of a Tamil film ‘''Vannatha Polai''’. The subject is good the making is perfect, the artist contribution is remarkable and Kalyan haunts you with lovely lyrics. Added attraction is immaculately mixed sentiments. You have comedy at regular intervals and take you from all worries".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.chitraloka.com/movie-reviews/2034-yajamana-movie-review.html|work=Chitraloka|access-date=5 April 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231002135749/https://www.chitraloka.com/movie-reviews/2034-yajamana-movie-review.html|archive-date=2 October 2023|title=YAJAMANA}}</ref> ''Online Bangalore'' wrote "This heavily story-laden movie is filled with family sentiments. Sometimes they even look highly dramatic and unrealistic".<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.onlinebangalore.com/movi/yajamana/ |title=''Online Bangalore'' review |access-date=27 August 2022 |archive-date=27 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220827215007/https://www.onlinebangalore.com/movi/yajamana/ |url-status=live }}</ref> ''Go4i'' wrote "In all, Yajamana is an above average film".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.go4i.com/cinema/reviews/south/kannada/reviewyajamana.shtml|title=Yajamana|access-date=25 September 2024|website=Go4i|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010810005840/http://www.go4i.com/cinema/reviews/south/kannada/reviewyajamana.shtml|archive-date=10 August 2001}}</ref> ''Sify'' wrote "The original tamil film however was inspired from the Hindi film ''Hum Aapke Hain Kaun''. Anyway it is a wholesome entertainer for the whole family".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://sify.com/movies/kannada/review.php?id=6007722&ctid=5&cid=2427|title=Yajamana|website=[[Sify]]|access-date=11 November 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050111204023/http://sify.com/movies/kannada/review.php?id=6007722&ctid=5&cid=2427|archive-date=11 January 2005}}</ref>

==Box office==
The film became an all-time blockbuster and collected more than {{INR}}20 [[crore]] at the box office.<ref name=":20">{{Cite news |date=21 July 2006 |title=Gandhinagar Gossip |url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/gandhinagar-gossip/article3218879.ece |newspaper=The Hindu}}</ref> It went on to create many records. The film completed 100-day runs in 130 main centres, 25 weeks in 51 main centres, 35 weeks in 42 centres and one year in 4 main centres including Apsara theatre in [[Hubli]] and Shankar theatre in [[Chitradurga]].<ref name=ms /><ref name=dh>{{cite web |last1=Srinivas |first1=Srikanth |title=Back to the people |url=http://www.deccanherald.com/deccanherald/may27/ent3.htm |website=Deccan Herald |access-date=25 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010624055744/http://www.deccanherald.com/deccanherald/may27/ent3.htm |archive-date=24 June 2001 |date=27 May 2001 |url-status=dead}}</ref> The film's silver jubilee function was held at Kanteerava Studios.<ref name=dh />

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|tt3180664}}

[[Category:2000 Kannada-language films]]
[[Category:2000 films]]
[[Category:Kannada remakes of Tamil films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Rajesh Ramanath]]
[[Category:Indian drama films]]
[[Category:2000 drama films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Radha Bharathi]]

Criminal Justice: A Family Matter

2026-05-06T10:40:28Z

Filmeekeeda:

{{Short description|Indian Hindi-language legal drama television series}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2025}}
{{Infobox television
| image = CJ Poster.jpg
| caption = Promotional poster
| genre = [[Crime (genre)|Crime]] [[Legal drama]] 
[[Thriller (genre)|Thriller]]
| based_on =
| runtime =
| creator = Harman Wadala Rahul Ved Prakash 
| director = {{ubl|[[Rohan Sippy]]}}
| starring = {{Plainlist|
*[[Pankaj Tripathi]]
*[[Mohammed Zeeshan Ayyub]]
*[[Surveen Chawla]]
*Khushboo Atre
*[[Asha Negi]]
*Khushi Bhardwaj
}}
| writer = Harman Wadala Sameer Mishra Sandeep Jain
| theme_music_composer =
| composer =
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| location = India
| cinematography =
| editor =
| network = [[JioHotstar]]
| released =
| first_aired = {{Start date|2025|05|29|df=y}}
| last_aired = {{End date|2025|07|03|df=y}}
| company = [[BBC Studios|BBC Studios India]] [[Applause Entertainment Limited|Applause Entertainment]]
| executive_producer =
| producer = {{Plainlist| [[Sameer Nair]] Deepak Segal Sameer Gogate}}
| num_seasons =
| num_episodes =
| list_episodes =
| related = {{Plainlist|
* ''[[Criminal Justice (Indian TV series)|Criminal Justice]]'' (2019)
}}
| image_alt =
| channel =
}}
'''''Criminal Justice: A Family Matter''''' is an [[India]]n [[Hindi]]-language [[legal drama]] television series, directed by [[Rohan Sippy]] and produced by [[Sameer Nair]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Criminal Justice 4 teaser: Pankaj Tripathi returns with another intriguing case |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/entertainment/ott/story/criminal-justice-4-teaser-pankaj-tripathi-returns-with-another-intriguing-case-2716728-2025-04-29 |access-date=2 May 2025 |work=[[India Today]] |date=29 April 2025 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Sameer Nair opens up on the fourth season of Criminal Justice: "This is just the beginning" : Bollywood News - Bollywood Hungama |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/sameer-nair-opens-fourth-season-criminal-justice-just-beginning/ |access-date=2 May 2025 |work=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |date=1 May 2025 |language=en |archive-date=2 May 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250502030703/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/sameer-nair-opens-fourth-season-criminal-justice-just-beginning/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Starring [[Pankaj Tripathi]],<ref>{{cite news |title=Pankaj Tripathi's Madhav Mishra To Return In Criminal Justice A Family Matter On THIS Date |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/web-series/pankaj-tripathi-madhav-mishra-to-return-in-criminal-justice-a-family-matter-on-this-date-article-151528190 |access-date=5 May 2025 |work=[[Times Now]] |date=29 April 2025 |language=en |archive-date=29 April 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250429090654/https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/web-series/pankaj-tripathi-madhav-mishra-to-return-in-criminal-justice-a-family-matter-on-this-date-article-151528190 |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Mohammed Zeeshan Ayyub]], [[Surveen Chawla]], Khushboo Atre and [[Asha Negi]] in prominent roles.<ref>{{cite news |title=Criminal Justice Season 4: Pankaj Tripathi's Thriller Legal Drama To Release On This Date |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/season-four-of-pankaj-tripathis-criminal-justice-to-debut-on-jiohotstar-on-may-22-8283852 |access-date=2 May 2025 |work=[[NDTV]] |language=en}}</ref>

==Synopsis==
Veteran lawyer Madhav Mishra defends Raj Nagpal, found holding the murdered body of nurse Roshni Saluja after his daughter's birthday. As the courtroom battle intensifies, buried truths begin to surface, suggesting not everyone is who they claim to be.

==Cast==
* [[Pankaj Tripathi]] as Advocate Madhav Mishra
* [[Mohammed Zeeshan Ayyub]] as Dr. Raj Nagpal
* [[Surveen Chawla]] as Anju Nagpal, Raj's wife
* [[Asha Negi]] as Roshni Saluja, Nurse
* Khushboo Atre as Ratna Mishra, Madhav's wife
* [[Mita Vashisht]] as Mandira Mathur, Corporate lawyer
* [[Shweta Basu Prasad]] as Lekha Agastya, Public Prosecutor
* Khushi Bharadwaj as Ira
* [[Barkha Singh]] as Shivani Mathur
* Kalyanee Mulay as API Gauri Karmarkar
* [[Sohaila Kapur]] as Gurmeet Nagpal
* Pankaj Saraswat as DCP Raghu Salian
* [[Rajesh Khera]] as Solkar, Lekha's senior
* Ajeet Singh Palawat as Sr. Inspector Harsh Pradhan; Gauri's ex-husband
* Raaj Gopal Iyer as Constable Namdeo Jadhav
* Aatm Prakash Mishra as Deepu, Madhav's assistant
* Garrvil Mohan as Shaurya
* Avirat Parekh as TV News Anchor
* Ranjit Deval as Sessions Court Judge

==Episodes==

{{Episode table |background=64544C |overall= |title= |director= |writer= |airdate= |episodes=
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 1
|Title = A Birthday to Remember
|RTitle =
|DirectedBy = [[Rohan Sippy]]
|WrittenBy =
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|05|29|df=y}}
|ShortSummary = Raj Nagpal, a successful surgeon lives with his daughter Ira and his mother. Ira has Asperger's and Raj's estranged wife, Anju lives next door. Anju, a former lawyer has given up her career to focus on Ira. Raj is in a relationship with nurse Roshni who is also Ira's caretaker. Ira is given a piano as a gift for her birthday but she faints as she is playing it. Ira seems to have recently developed health issues and the wait for her test results has everyone on edge. Dr Mistry, Ira's physician tells Raj that Ira does not have pancreatic cancer but is suffering from hypoglcemia. Morning after Ira's birthday party, Kamala the maid arrives at Raj's flat to see the door open and Raj, covered in blood, holding Roshni's body. API Gauri is assigned the case by ACP Salian and detains Raj. However, the police are not able to find the murder weapon at the scene.

Meanwhile, Madhav has opened his own firm with Deepu and Mandira Mathur's daughter, Shivani working as an associate. He is also working for a corporate firm CLU which uses Madhav's common man image to settle cases with plaintiffs suing their high profile clients. For his good work, CLU gifts him a red Jeep.

At the end of the episode, Anju comes to Madhavs firm to ask him to defend Raj.
|LineColor = 64544C
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 2
|Title = Buried Secrets
|RTitle =
|DirectedBy = [[Rohan Sippy]]
|WrittenBy =
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|05|29|df=y}}
|ShortSummary = Dr. Raj Nagpal is arrested for murder. Madhav questions Ira under Anju's supervision but his questions trigger Ira. He see's a drawing in her book showing Roshni on the floor surrounded by blood. Gauri see's an award given to Raj in the pics taken at the birthday party. Concluding that the scalpel embedded in the glass is the murder weapon, the police try to locate it. Gauri see's the garbage truck leaving the building and asks the garbage pick up man Monu where the bags are dropped off. The police try to locate the weapon at the landfill.

Shivani's attempt to recreate the crime scene with Madhavs team has hilarious consequences. CLU rep Shaurya reminds Madhav that he should not take high profile cases contrary to his image which could endanger his arrangement with CLU.

Lekha Agastya watches prosecutor Kadam at the arraignment and feels he will not succeed against Madhav.
|LineColor = 64544C
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 3
|Title = Quid Pro Quo
|RTitle =
|DirectedBy = [[Rohan Sippy]]
|WrittenBy =
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|05|29|df=y}}
|ShortSummary = The police are unable to find the murder weapon. CLU issue a termination letter to Madhav asking him to decide by the end of the day.Lekha approaches Solkar suggesting that Kadam may not be the man for the case and Solkar rebukes for trying to get back at Madhav rather than prosecuting the guilty.
Deepu, noticing Monu's lecherous behaviour, follows him and records him taking pics and videos of ladies and leaks it the media. Since he had access to the entire building and also means of disposal, Monu is arrested. The police find that most of the pics and video's on Monu's phone are of Roshni. Deepu's deeds anger Madhav who tells him that they could have used this to cast reasonable doubt during the trial.
Disappointed with Gauri, Salian brings in her ex husband Harsh to oversee the case. While interrogating Monu, Harsh realises that he is left handed while forensics confirmed that the murderer is right handed. Gauri finds another video on Monu's phone showing Raj and Anju kissing in his car in the parking lot.
|LineColor = 64544C
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 4
|Title = Domino Effect
|RTitle =
|DirectedBy = [[Rohan Sippy]]
|WrittenBy =
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|06|05|df=y}}
|ShortSummary = Lekha is assigned the case with a warning from Solkar. Gauri finds that Roshni had an abortion 2 months before the murder at 9 weeks into the pregnancy. At Roshni's cremation, Madhav's team meets Digvijay, Roshni's ex-fiance who says Roshni left him after meeting Raj. Gauri's team find the scalpel and file the charge sheet. Anju is seen writing a cheque and putting it in an envelope. Anju hires Mandira as her lawyer because the garbage bag, in which the weapon was found , was from her house.
|LineColor = 64544C
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 5
|Title = Trauma Flashback
|RTitle =
|DirectedBy = [[Rohan Sippy]]
|WrittenBy =
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|06|12|df=y}}
|ShortSummary = Madhav and Shivani are bothered by Mandira representing Anju. Harsh tries to intimidate Raj into pleading guilty but both Raj and Anju plead not guilty. Madhav brings up the Zara murder case to try and paint Gauri as an incompetent investigator and this angers Harsh. On the witness stand, Kamala suddenly remembers that she saw the murder weapon by the body on the day. Madhav and Mandira immediately object to this change in witness testimony but the judge allows it based on Lekha's argument that it was a "trauma flashback". Madhav asks Raj to remember if Kamala has any grudge against him.
|LineColor = 64544C
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 6
|Title = Sins of Privileged
|RTitle =
|DirectedBy = [[Rohan Sippy]]
|WrittenBy =
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|06|19|df=y}}
|ShortSummary = Madhav cross questions Kamala and it is revealed that Raj had refused to loan her 9 lakhs for her sons admission to engineering college. Kamala says that Anju gave her a cheque of 9 lakhs on the day the murder weapon was found. This leads to Kamala's entire testimony to be stricken due to witness tampering.
Lekha puts Rajs mom, Gurmeet on the stand and questions the charity the Nagpal family runs. Further questioning reveals that Gurmeet, unbeknownst to Raj, offered Roshni 22 lakhs for her mothers heart operation on the condition that she abort Rajs child.
|LineColor = 64544C
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 7
|Title = The Missing link
|RTitle =
|DirectedBy = [[Rohan Sippy]]
|WrittenBy =
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|06|26|df=y}}
|ShortSummary = Madhavs team finds that, on the night of the party, Roshni ended up at the bar where Digvijay is a regular. On the stand, Digvijay presents a story different from what Raj said, happened on the night of the party when Raj and Roshni had a private argument. Madhav observes some secret communication between Ira and Anju and tries to search for the missing link. Anju whispers some instructions to Mandira.
When a lactose intolerant Shivani has a reaction after accidentally drinking Khushboo's coffee, Madhav reviews the contents of the garbage bag to see, that along with the scalpel, a box of lactose free milk and also a medicine used to treat diabetes. Remembering that Ira is also lactose intolerant and was diagnosed to be hypoglycemic, he finally begins to put together the pieces of the puzzle.
|LineColor = 64544C
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 8
|Title = The Higher Law
|RTitle =
|DirectedBy = [[Rohan Sippy]]
|WrittenBy =
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|07|03|df=y}}
|ShortSummary = Mandira puts Ira on the stand in a closed court and Madhav is able to get her to tell the court the secret she and Anju have been hiding, which is that Ira was responsible for breaking the award in which the scalpel was embedded. Trying to sneak up on Roshni, Ira startled her leading to the award falling from the shelf. Roshni then put the scalpel on the shelf while cleaning up the rest of the broken pieces.
Madhav then puts Anju on the stand. He hypothesizes that Anju, thinking that Roshni would not show up in the morning to give Ira her meds, went to Raj's flat only to see that Roshni spiking the milk with the diabetic medicine. Roshni still in shock over her forced abortion and thinking that she was losing Raj, was poisoning Ira so she could come closer to the family as her caretaker. In the ensuing scuffle, Anju accidentally cut Roshni's jugular leading to her death. Anju's confesses to the events as described by Madhav.
Raj is set free and Anju goes to prison.

A few months later, Raj and Ira visit Madhav to pay his fee's and Raj informs him that Anju is dying from stage 4 pancreatic cancer and has been moved to palliative care on compassionate grounds. Raj has stopped practicing, finding himself unable to hold a scalpel. This sets Madhav into thinking. He visits Anju at the hospice and asks her to tell him what really happened. Anju tells him that everything happened as he hypothesized except that it was Raj who accidentally killed Roshni. Anju was aware that she had cancer and did not have long to live so, using her brilliant legal mind, she colluded with Raj to take the blame. She deliberately tampered with Kamala and also instructed Mandira to put Ira on the stand, setting herself up to take the blame so that Ira would have one parent to take care of her.

As Madhav walks away, he meets Raj and cryptically tells him that his salvation is possible if he picks up the scalpel again.
As Anju meets her family, Madhav who has recorded Anju's confession on tape, deletes the recording and walks away with a smile.
|LineColor = 64544C
}}
}}

==Production==
On 17 May 2024, [[Disney+ Hotstar|JioHotstar]] officially announced its fourth season.<ref>{{cite news |title=Disney+ Hotstar announces season four of Pankaj Tripathi-led Criminal Justice |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/disney-hotstar-announces-season-four-of-pankaj-tripathi-led-criminal-justice-9334624/ |access-date=2 May 2025 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |date=17 May 2024 |language=en |archive-date=28 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240528125628/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/disney-hotstar-announces-season-four-of-pankaj-tripathi-led-criminal-justice-9334624/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Release==

On 29 April 2025, [[Disney+ Hotstar|JioHotstar]] released the teaser and announced the release date.<ref>{{cite news |title=Pankaj Tripathi to be back as Madhav Mishra in Criminal Justice. Here's the biggest update about season 4 |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/web-series/pankaj-tripathi-to-be-back-as-madhav-mishra-in-criminal-justice-here-s-the-biggest-update-about-season-4-release-date-101745908713503.html |access-date=2 May 2025 |work=[[Hindustan Times]]}}</ref> The series started streaming on [[Disney+ Hotstar|JioHotstar]] from 29 May 2025.<ref>{{cite news |title=Criminal Justice A Family Matter Trailer: Pankaj Tripathi Is Back On The Case, Series Pushed To THIS Date - Watch |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/web-series/criminal-justice-a-family-matter-trailer-pankaj-tripathi-is-back-on-the-case-series-pushed-to-this-date-watch-article-151635431 |access-date=21 May 2025 |work=[[Times Now]] |date=14 May 2025 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Pankaj Tripathi Returns to Courtroom in Season 4 of Criminal Justice |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/pankaj-tripathi-returns-to-courtroom-in-season-4-of-criminal-justice/articleshow/120721154.cms |access-date=2 May 2025 |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=29 April 2025 |archive-date=2 May 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250502100259/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/pankaj-tripathi-returns-to-courtroom-in-season-4-of-criminal-justice/articleshow/120721154.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Reception==

''Criminal Justice: A Family Matter'' received a mix of positive reviews from critics and audiences. The performances, especially by '''Pankaj Tripathi''', were widely praised, though the '''episode release format''' received criticism from some fans.

===Critical Response===
The ''Times of India'' noted that Pankaj Tripathi's return as Madhav Mishra was "entertaining and impactful," highlighting the show's gripping courtroom drama and strong storytelling.<ref>{{cite web |title=Criminal Justice Season 4: Pankaj Tripathi makes an entertaining comeback |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/web-series/news/hindi/criminal-justice-season-4-pankaj-tripathi-makes-an-entertaining-comeback-madhav-mishra/articleshow/110202159.cms |website=The Times of India |date=17 May 2024 |access-date=28 May 2025}}</ref>

''BollywoodTime.in'', a growing entertainment portal, reviewed the series as a "twisting legal drama" with "strong performances and a well-layered plot." The review also noted viewers’ disappointment over the limited episode release.<ref>{{cite web |title=Criminal Justice Season 4 Review: Pankaj Tripathi Returns With a Twisting Legal Drama |url=https://bollywoodtime.in/criminal-justice-season-4-review-pankaj-tripathi-returns-with-a-twisting-legal-drama-but-fans-want-more-episodes/ |website=BollywoodTime.in |date=28 May 2025 |access-date=28 May 2025}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|tt36813889}}

[[Category:Hindi-language Disney+ Hotstar original programming]]
[[Category:2025 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:Indian drama television series]]
[[Category:Indian legal television series]]
[[Category:Hindi-language television shows]]

Indianization of Southeast Asia

2026-05-05T12:33:47Z

Filmeekeeda: Created redirect page

#Redirect [[Greater India#Indianization of Southeast Asia]]

Gopal Mukund Huddar

2026-04-29T15:38:55Z

Filmeekeeda: Added a details

{{Short description|Indian anti-colonial activist and soldier (1902–1981)}}
{{pp-extended|small=yes}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2026}}
{{Use British English|date=February 2026}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Gopal Mukund Huddar
| image = Gopal Mukund Huddar in 1936.jpg
| caption = Huddar in 1936.
| office = 1st [[Sarkaryavah]] of the [[Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh]]
| predecessor = ''Position established''
| term_start = {{Circa|1926}} or {{Circa|1928}}
| term_end = {{Circa|1931}}
| birth_date = 17 June 1902
| birth_place = [[Mandla]], [[Central Provinces]], [[British India]]
| death_date = {{Circa|1981}}
| party = {{Flagicon image|CPI-banner.svg}} [[Communist Party of India]] (1938–1952)
| allegiance = {{Flag|Spanish Republic}}
| branch = {{Flagicon image|Emblem of the International Brigades.svg}} [[International Brigades]]
| service_years = 1937–1938
| battles = {{Tree list}}
* [[Spanish Civil War]]
** [[Battle of Gandesa]]
{{Tree list/end}}
| unit = [[XV International Brigade|"Abraham Lincoln" XV International Brigade]]
| spouse = Manorama
}}

'''Gopal Mukund Huddar''' (17 June 1902 – {{Circa|1981}}), also known as '''Balaji Huddar''',{{Sfn|Deshpande|2003|page=3520}}{{Sfn|Jha|2024|page=64}} was an Indian anti-colonial activist and soldier. A founding member of the [[Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh]] (RSS), a [[Hindutva]] [[paramilitary]] organisation, Huddar served as its first [[sarkaryavah]] ({{Translation|General Secretary}}). Upon travelling to London to study journalism, exposure to [[Left-wing politics|left-wing]] and [[Anti-fascism|anti-fascist]] circles led him to volunteer for the [[International Brigades]] in the [[Spanish Civil War]]. Due to his shift towards [[Communism in India|communism]] and his calls for the RSS to engage in the [[Indian independence movement]], the leadership of the organisation, particularly its [[sarsanghchalak]] ({{Translation|Chief}}) [[K. B. Hedgewar]], increasingly estranged themselves from him.

== Early and personal life ==
Gopal Mukund Huddar was born on 17 June 1902 in [[Mandla]], [[Central Provinces]], [[British Raj|British India]].{{Sfn|Tsou|Tsou|2016}} He had a brother named Shridhar Narayan Huddar.{{Sfn|Central Provinces and Berar|1941|page=7}} When he was four years old, Gopal was brought to [[Nagpur]] and adopted by a [[Brahmin]] widow named Udhoji. In 1920, he assumed leadership in a [[students' union]].{{Sfn|Tsou|Tsou|2016}} He graduated from [[Vasantrao Naik Government Institute of Arts and Social Sciences|Morris College]] in 1924 with a [[Bachelor of Arts]] degree.{{Sfn|Jha|2024|page=64–65}}{{Sfn|Tsou|Tsou|2016}} Huddar's wife was named Manorama. He died in {{Circa|1981}}.{{Sfn|Kasturi|2019}}

== Early politics ==
A founding member of the [[Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh]] (RSS), a [[Hindutva]] [[Paramilitary|paramilitary organisation]] established in 1925,{{Sfn|Jha|2024|page=65}} Huddar was one of the 26 individuals involved in choosing its name.{{Sfn|Karthikeyan|2025}} He was also actively involved in the activities of the [[Hindu Mahasabha]], a [[Far-right politics|far-right]] Hindutva political party, and was viewed highly favourably by [[B. S. Moonje]].{{Sfn|Jha|2024|page=65}} The [[Mentorship|protégé]] of [[K. B. Hedgewar]], the founder and first [[sarsanghchalak]] ({{Translation|Chief}}) of the RSS, Huddar was appointed by his mentor as the organisation's first [[sarkaryavah]] ({{Translation|General Secretary}}){{Sfn|Jha|2024|page=64–69}} in {{Circa|1926}}{{Sfn|Tsou|Tsou|2016}} or {{Circa|1928}}.{{Sfn|Andersen|Damle|1987|page=64}} Hedgewar originally intended for Huddar to succeed him as the next sarsanghchalak.{{Sfn|Jha|2024|page=64}}

Noted to have a "radiant energy", Huddar was known for delivering speeches which "awoke enthusiasm and delight in the listener". His speeches were particularly admired by Hedgewar, who made a point of attending them whenever possible. After missing one such speech in August 1929, Hedgewar wrote to his associates expressing his regret, adding, "No matter how many times you listen to him, his speeches are so delightful that you feel like listening to them again and again."{{Sfn|Jha|2024|page=65}}

Dissatisfied with the lack of engagement of the RSS with the [[Indian independence movement]], Huddar decided to pursue clandestine revolutionary activities independent of the organisation.{{Sfn|Tsou|Tsou|2016}} To fund such activities,{{Sfn|Andersen|Damle|1987|page=37}} he conducted an armed robbery in [[Balaghat]], [[Central Provinces and Berar]], in 1931.{{Sfn|Sonwalkar|2019}} The act was condemned by Hedgewar;{{Sfn|Andersen|Damle|1987|page=37}} Huddar resigned as sarkaryavah in protest.{{Sfn|Mukhopadhyay|2025|page=28}} Huddar was tried and imprisoned for five years, resulting in the loss of his job as a teacher at a [[Single-sex education|girls' school]]. He was released on 1 November 1935.{{Sfn|Jha|2024|page=65}} Following a brief period of unemployment, he began working for ''Sawadhan'' ({{Translation|Warning}}), a journal edited by his friend Ramchandra Balaji Maokar, a local leader of the Hindu Mahasabha.{{Sfn|Jha|2024|page=65–66}} Huddar sought to build a militant anti-imperial mass movement.{{Sfn|Tsou|Tsou|2016}}

== Spanish Civil War ==
In September 1936, encouraged and financially supported by his friends, he travelled to London to study journalism.{{Sfn|Jha|2024|page=66}} While in London, he became increasingly influenced by the international solidarity shown towards the [[Republican faction (Spanish Civil War)|Republican cause]] in the [[Spanish Civil War]] and its struggle against the [[Nationalist faction (Spanish Civil War)|fascist forces]] led by [[Francisco Franco]]. He attended rallies and meetings addressed by progressive and [[Socialism in the United Kingdom|communist]] speakers; the latter were particularly influential to Huddar. As a result, he decided to volunteer to fight against fascism in Spain. By 5 October 1937, he had departed from London.{{Sfn|Jha|2024|page=66}}

[[File:1938 Indian Swaraj League Invitation Card.jpg|thumb|On 12 November 1938, a few days after his release from [[San Pedro de Cardeña]], Huddar was accorded a public reception in London by the Indian Swaraj League, chaired by [[R. Palme Dutt]].{{Sfn|Jha|2024|page=68}}{{Efn|Although he was highlighted as the sole Indian member of the [[International Brigades]], he was in fact one of several Indian volunteers, including writer [[Mulk Raj Anand]].{{Sfn|Tsou|Tsou|2016}}}}]]

Huddar arrived in [[Albacete]], [[Spain]], on 17 October 1937, where he enlisted in the [[International Brigades]].{{Sfn|Jha|2024|page=66–67}} To conceal his Indian identity, he adopted the ''[[nom de guerre]]'' "John Smith", presenting himself as British.{{Sfn|Kasturi|2019}}{{Efn|To distinguish himself from other soldiers also named John Smith, Huddar later adopted the name "John Smith Irakian".{{Sfn|Ortiz|2019|pages=445–466}} He claimed to be from Iraq;{{Sfn|Tremlett|2020|page=6}} in reality, he had never even been to Iraq.{{Sfn|Ortiz|2019|pages=445–466}}}} He joined the [[XV International Brigade]], commonly referred to as the Abraham Lincoln Brigade,{{Sfn|Kasturi|2019}} and was assigned to its [[British Battalion|British contingent]], formally named the Saklatvala Battalion in honour of Indian communist [[Shapurji Saklatvala]].{{Sfn|Jha|2024|page=67}}{{Sfn|Framke|2016|pages=63–81}} On 11 February 1938, Huddar went to [[Tarazona]] for military training and subsequently served as an infantry instructor.{{Sfn|Kasturi|2019}}{{Sfn|Tsou|Tsou|2016}} On 3 April 1938, while taking part in the [[Battle of Gandesa]], Huddar, alongside other Brigade members involved in the battle, were captured by Franco's forces and imprisoned in [[San Pedro de Cardeña]],{{Sfn|Jha|2024|page=67}}{{Sfn|Tremlett|2020|page=466}} which was used as a [[Francoist concentration camps|concentration camp]] during the civil war.{{Sfn|Hernández de Miguel|2019}}{{Sfn|Preston|2013|page=514}} During his imprisonment, Huddar often engaged in [[Palmistry|palm reading]] with his fellow inmates. By late 1938, amid public pressure on the British government to secure the release of British citizens held by Franco's forces, a team was dispatched to arrange a [[Prisoner of war|prisoner of war swap]], leading to Huddar's release.{{Sfn|Kasturi|2019}}{{Sfn|Jha|2024|page=67}}

=== Relationship with the RSS ===
In the period leading up to his departure for the Spanish Civil War, Huddar remained in regular correspondence with Hedgewar.{{Sfn|Jha|2024|page=67}}{{Efn|In a letter sent to Huddar on 11 March 1937, Hedgewar wrote, "I received your letter dated February 4 on February 20. Your letter made me elated but simultaneously I became sad to know that we won't be able to meet for one year. But whatever it takes, we have to wait till then. [...] The work of [[Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh|the Sangh]] is going well. It is true that my health is not as good as it should be. [...] But I will remember your suggestion that I should take care of my health, and I will definitely do efforts to that end."{{Sfn|Jha|2024|page=67–68}}}} On 1 October 1937, five days before leaving London, Huddar wrote to the new editor of ''Sawadhan'', W. W. Fadnavis, detailing his plan to resume working for the RSS upon his eventual return to India. Alongside this letter, he enclosed a message addressed to RSS members, urging them to extend [[Hindutva|the organisation's political movement]] across Asia.{{Sfn|Jha|2024|page=68}} According to scholar Dhirendra K. Jha, "Huddar's conversion into an enthusiastic supporter of the fight against fascism was quick and smooth. The ease with which he crossed from one worldview to another betrays the fact that he had not properly understood the world he had grown in."{{Sfn|Jha|2024|page=66}} Jha further states, "Huddar's association with communists in London had influenced him but it had not shaped him yet."{{Sfn|Jha|2024|page=68}}

Following his release from San Pedro de Cardeña, Huddar had now abandoned many of his earlier views and had come to espouse a worldview entirely different from that of the RSS. Nevertheless, he remained deferential towards Hedgewar.{{Sfn|Jha|2024|page=68}}

=== Return to India ===
Huddar returned to India on 18 December 1938.{{Sfn|Jha|2024|page=68}} Arriving in [[Mumbai|Bombay]], [[Bombay Presidency|Bombay Province]], he addressed a public meeting organised by several Bombay [[Trade unions in India|trade unions]] and the [[Congress Socialist Party|Bombay Congress Socialist Party]], where he spoke:

{{Blockquote|The honour you have done me is really the honour to the cause of democracy and freedom which Spanish workers and peasants are defending with their lives. [...] The fight for democracy is in India just as it is in Spain. The very same [[British Empire|British Imperialism]] which helps Franco and [[Benito Mussolini|Mussolini]] in their attempt to destroy Spain is holding us down. We have to fight against it. We have to build the unity of the workers, peasants and the middle classes just as the Spanish people have done.{{Sfn|Jha|2024|pages=68–69}}}}

== Later politics ==
=== Estrangement from the RSS ===
A few days after his return to India, Huddar had a meeting with Hedgewar. By then, Huddar was, as Jha states, "no longer blind to the motivations that fuelled the RSS or naïve about the mechanisms by which it sought to achieve its objectives." However, he remained convinced that he could persuade Hedgewar to align the RSS,{{Sfn|Jha|2024|page=69}} an organisation which actively collaborated with the [[British Raj]] and played no role in the Indian independence movement,{{Sfn|Lal|2005|pages=1–26}}{{Sfn|Bhatt|2001|page=99}} with the [[Decolonization|anti-colonial cause]].{{Sfn|Jha|2024|page=69}} Hedgewar, who had become increasingly obedient to the colonial government during Huddar's absence, grew alienated by his suggestions. According to Huddar, "My words fell on deaf ears and all my efforts to woo the Sarsanghchalak came to a naught." Following the meeting, the two became increasingly distant.{{Sfn|Jha|2024|page=68–70}} Huddar's shift in perspective led Hedgewar to develop a growing interest in [[M. S. Golwalkar]].{{Sfn|Jha|2024|page=81–82}}

On 7 July 1939, Huddar visited Hedgewar in [[Nashik|Nasik]] as an emissary of [[Subhas Chandra Bose]], who had contacted him in an effort to involve the RSS in the anti-colonial movement. Accompanied by Shah, an associate of Bose, Huddar found Hedgewar in high spirits with young RSS members. After they departed, Huddar conveyed Bose's wish to meet him, as Shah waited outside. Hedgewar declined, stating that he was ill with "some unknown malady". Huddar suggested that he inform Shah of his illness, fearing that Bose might suspect sabotage. According to Huddar, Hedgewar then stretched himself out on the bed, remarking, "Balaji, I am really very ill and cannot stand even the strain of a short interview." Huddar later recalled that as he left, the RSS members returned and laughter resumed.{{Sfn|Jha|2024|page=85–87}}{{Sfn|Jha|2023}}{{Efn|In later years, pro-RSS authors, such as [[Rakesh Sinha]], have propagated a false version of the exchange, where Hedgewar never refused the call to join the anti-colonial movement. In Sinha's version, the inaccuracies extend further, wherein he incorrectly identifies the location of the incident, stating that it occurred in [[Nagpur]] rather than in Nasik.{{Sfn|Jha|2024|page=86–87}}}}

=== Communist Party of India ===
Huddar became a member of the [[Communist Party of India]] (CPI) in December 1938.{{Sfn|Sonwalkar|2019}}{{Sfn|Kasturi|2019}} During his time as a member of the CPI, he developed associations with figures such as [[A. B. Bardhan]]. He regularly conducted lectures on [[Dialectical materialism|dialectical]] and [[historical materialism]].{{Sfn|Tsou|Tsou|2016}} Following his departure from the party in 1952,{{Sfn|Sonwalkar|2019}}{{Sfn|Kasturi|2019}} he gradually distanced himself from political activities. According to Bardhan, this retreat was due to his declining health as well as a move towards spiritualism. Nevertheless, Huddar remained a sympathiser of [[History of communism|communist movements]].{{Sfn|Tsou|Tsou|2016}}

== Explanatory notes ==
{{Notelist}}

== References ==
=== Citations ===
{{Reflist}}

=== Bibliography ===
{{Refbegin}}
* {{Cite journal |first=G. P. |last=Deshpande |year=2003 |title=The Missed Centenary of Balaji Huddar |journal=[[Economic and Political Weekly]] |volume=38 |issue=34 |jstor=4413925}}
* {{Cite book |first=Dhirendra K. |last=Jha |year=2024 |title=Golwalkar: The Myth Behind the Man, The Man Behind the Machine |publisher=[[Simon & Schuster]] |isbn=9788197949241}}
* {{Cite web |last=Tsou |first=Nancy |last2=Tsou |first2=Len |date=25 August 2016 |title=Gopal Mukund Huddar: An Indian Volunteer in the IBs |url=https://albavolunteer.org/2016/08/gopal-mukund-huddar-an-indian-volunteer-in-the-ibs/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160902205206/https://albavolunteer.org/2016/08/gopal-mukund-huddar-an-indian-volunteer-in-the-ibs/ |archive-date=2 September 2016 |website=The Volunteer |url-status=live}}
* {{Cite journal |author=[[Central Provinces and Berar]] |year=1941 |title=Statement of newspapers and periodicals published in the Central Provinces and Berar for the year 1940 |journal=South Asia Open Archives |jstor=saoa.crl.38827515}}
* {{Cite web |first=Charu Sudan |last=Kasturi |date=30 November 2019 |title=Why These Indians Fought for Spanish Democracy |url=https://thewire.in/history/why-these-indians-fought-for-spanish-democracy |archive-date=30 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191130183352/https://thewire.in/history/why-these-indians-fought-for-spanish-democracy |website=[[The Wire (India)|The Wire]] |url-status=live}}
* {{Cite web |last=Karthikeyan |first=Suchitra |date=30 September 2025 |title=Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh: A look at its origins, ideology and rise (1925–1966) |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/rashtriya-swayamsevak-sangh-a-look-at-its-origins-ideology-and-rise-1925-1966/article69813925.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250930155409/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/rashtriya-swayamsevak-sangh-a-look-at-its-origins-ideology-and-rise-1925-1966/article69813925.ece |archive-date=30 September 2025 |website=[[The Hindu]] |url-status=live}}
* {{Cite book |first1=Walter K. |last1=Andersen |first2=Shridhar D. |last2=Damle |year=1987 |title=The Brotherhood in Saffron: The Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh and Hindu Revivalism |publisher=Avalon Publishing |isbn=9780813373584}}
* {{cite web |first=Prasun |last=Sonwalkar |date=25 September 2019 |title=From saffron to red: MI5 closely tracked Nagpur journalist studying in London |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/world-news/from-saffron-to-red-mi5-closely-tracked-nagpur-scribe-gopal-mukund-huddar/story-rZD6tQDGU4D2H9uuVmEyAL.html |archive-date=25 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190925051451/https://www.hindustantimes.com/world-news/from-saffron-to-red-mi5-closely-tracked-nagpur-scribe-gopal-mukund-huddar/story-rZD6tQDGU4D2H9uuVmEyAL.html |website=[[Hindustan Times]] |url-status=live}}
* {{Cite book |first=Nilanjan |last=Mukhopadhyay |year=2025 |title=The RSS: Icons of the Indian Right |publisher=[[Westland Books]] |isbn=9789395767415}}
* {{Cite book |first=Giles |last=Tremlett |year=2020 |title=The International Brigades: Fascism, Freedom and the Spanish Civil War |publisher=[[Bloomsbury Publishing]] |isbn=9781408854006}}
* {{Cite journal |first=Michael P. |last=Ortiz |year=2019 |title=Spain! Why? Jawaharlal Nehru, Non-Intervention, and the Spanish Civil War |journal=[[European History Quarterly]] |volume=49 |issue=3 |doi=10.1177/0265691419853688}}
* {{Cite journal |first=Maria |last=Framke |year=2016 |title=Political humanitarianism in the 1930s: Indian aid for Republican Spain |journal=[[European Review of History]] |volume=23 |issue=1–2 |doi=10.1080/13507486.2015.1117421|doi-access=free }}
* {{Cite web |first=Carlos |last=Hernández de Miguel |date=8 March 2019 |url=https://elpais.com/elpais/2019/03/04/eps/1551726594_395569.html |title=Terror en los campos de Franco |archive-date=9 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190309142837/https://elpais.com/elpais/2019/03/04/eps/1551726594_395569.html |website=[[El País]] |trans-title=Terror in Franco's Camps |url-status=live |language=es-ES}}
* {{cite book |first=Paul |last=Preston |year=2013 |title=The Spanish Holocaust: Inquisition and Extermination in Twentieth-Century Spain |publisher=[[W. W. Norton & Company]] |isbn=0393345912}}
* {{Cite book |first=Vinay |last=Lal |year=2005 |title=The History of History: Politics and Scholarship in Modern India |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |isbn=9780199081929 |doi=10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195672442.003.0001}}
* {{Cite book |first=Chetan |last=Bhatt |year=2001 |title=Hindu Nationalism: Origins, Ideologies and Modern Myths |publisher=[[Berg Publishers]] |isbn=9781859733431}}
* {{cite web |first=Dhirendra K. |last=Jha |date=30 June 2023 |title=The Great Betrayal: How Hedgewar spurned Bose and his own protégé's call to join the freedom struggle |url=https://caravanmagazine.in/cover-story/rss-history-how-hedgewar-spurned-bose-and-his-own-proteges-call-to-join-the-freedom-struggle |archive-date=24 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240524002953/https://caravanmagazine.in/cover-story/rss-history-how-hedgewar-spurned-bose-and-his-own-proteges-call-to-join-the-freedom-struggle |website=[[The Caravan]] |url-status=live}}
{{Refend}}

== External links ==
{{Sister project links |collapsible=yes |wikt=no |d=Q138241568 |commons=Category:Gopal Mukund Huddar |commonscat=yes |n=no |q=Gopal Mukund Huddar |s=no |b=no |v=no |voy=no |species=no}}

{{Sangh Parivar}}
{{XV International Brigade}}
{{Portal bar|Biography|Modern history|Politics|Conservatism|Socialism|India}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Huddar, Gopal Mukund}}
[[Category:1902 births]]
[[Category:1981 deaths]]
[[Category:Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh members]]
[[Category:Sarkaryavahs]]
[[Category:Indian independence armed struggle activists]]
[[Category:Indian revolutionaries]]
[[Category:Prisoners and detainees of British India]]
[[Category:Indian activist journalists]]
[[Category:Abraham Lincoln Brigade members]]
[[Category:Subhas Chandra Bose]]
[[Category:Communist Party of India politicians]]

Travancore Devaswom Board

2026-04-27T04:22:56Z

Filmeekeeda: New Entry

{{Short description|Kerala statutory board managing temples}}
{{Infobox organization
| image =
| caption =
| formation = {{start date and age|1950}}
| type = Autonomous Body
| purpose = Management of 1254 temples including [[Sabarimala]]
| headquarters = [[Thiruvananthapuram]]
| location = Nanthancode, Kawdiar Post, Thiruvananthapuram 695003, Kerala
 (EPABX Nos.: 0471-2317983 / 2316963 / 2310921 / 2723240 FAX: 0471-2310192)
| region_served = [[Kerala]]
| leader_title = President
| leader_name = [[K. Jayakumar]]
| leader_title2 = Member 1
| leader_name2 = [[K. Raju]]
| leader_title3 = Member 2
| leader_name3 = Adv. P D Santhosh Kumar
| leader_title4 = Devaswom Secretary
| leader_name4 = P N Ganeswaran Potti
| key_people = [[V. N. Vasavan]], Minister for Devaswoms, 
[[Government of Kerala]]<ref>https://kdrb.kerala.gov.in/?page_id=60</ref>
| website = {{URL|https://travancoredevaswomboard.org/}}
}}

The [[Travancore Devaswom Board]], headquartered in [[Thiruvananthapuram]] (Trivandrum) the capital city of [[Kerala]], is a [[Statute|statutory]] and [[Autonomy|autonomous]] body managing around 1252 [[temple]]s in [[South India|southern part of India]]. The regular operations of one of the major temples of India, the [[Sabarimala|Sabarimala temple]], works under its guidance

== History and Administration ==

Travancore Devaswom Board is an autonomous administrative body created for managing around 1200 temples in South India.<ref name="tr1">{{cite news |title=Temples to remain shut during lockdown in Kerala |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/india/temples-to-remain-shut-during-lockdown-in-kerala/articleshow/82455779.cms |access-date=25 June 2022 |publisher=The Economic Times |date=7 May 2021}}</ref> The management of one of the famous temples, Sabarimala, is under it.<ref name="tr5">{{cite news |title=Sabarimala virtual queue will be taken over by Devaswom Board |url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/news/kerala/sabarimala-virtual-queue-will-be-taken-over-by-devaswom-board-1.7460281 |access-date=25 June 2022 |publisher=English.Mathrubhumi |date=24 April 2022 |language=en}}</ref>

== Roles and Responsibilities ==

Travancore Devaswom Board is formed with below purpose<ref name="tr3">{{cite news |title=Travancore Devaswom Board to renovate assets at Varanasi |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/travancore-devaswom-board-to-renovate-assets-at-varanasi/article65504608.ece |access-date=25 June 2022 |publisher=The Hindu |date=7 June 2022 |language=en-IN}}</ref><ref name="tr4">{{cite news |last1=Hiran |first1=U. |title=Travancore Devaswom Board gears up to retrieve lost properties |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/travancore-devaswom-board-gears-up-to-retrieve-lost-properties/article65557296.ece |access-date=25 June 2022 |publisher=The Hindu |date=23 June 2022 |language=en-IN}}</ref><ref name="tr5" /><ref name="tr6">{{cite news |title=Parading of elephants: HC directs to follow rules issued by Travancore Devaswom Board |url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/news/kerala/parading-of-elephants-hc-directs-to-follow-rules-issued-by-travancore-devaswom-board-1.7436733 |access-date=25 June 2022 |publisher=English.Mathrubhumi |date=16 April 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="tr7">{{cite news |last1=Saikiran |first1=KP |title=Tdb Seeks Govt Land For Afforestation {{!}} Thiruvananthapuram News - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/thiruvananthapuram/tdb-seeks-govt-land-for-afforestation/articleshow/90363417.cms |access-date=25 June 2022 |publisher=The Times of India |date=22 March 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="tr8">{{cite news |title=Report flags quality of pooja items, finance of temples under TDB |url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/news/kerala/report-flags-quality-of-pooja-items-finance-of-temples-under-tdb-1.7405305 |access-date=25 June 2022 |publisher=English.Mathrubhumi |date=25 June 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="tr9">{{cite news |title=Temples can hold ‘Annadhanam’, distribute ‘Prasadam’ |url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/news/kerala/travancore-devaswom-board-ease-in-covid-protocols-1.6161784 |access-date=25 June 2022 |publisher=English.Mathrubhumi |date=25 June 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="tr11">{{cite news |title=Reports of 'Halal Jaggery' in Sabarimala Prasadam Baseless, Travancore Devaswom Board Tells Kerala HC |url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/travancore-devaswom-board-takes-legal-action-over-fake-propaganda-about-sabarimala-temple-prasadam-4457381.html |access-date=25 June 2022 |publisher=News18 |date=18 November 2021 |language=en}}</ref>

* Pilgrim welfare.
* Maintain properties of temple.
* Development of areas in and around temple.
* Welfare of staff working in temples managed by it.
* Purchase of temple ritual items.
* Offering guidelines on sacred Prasadam prepared at temples managed by it.
* Representing temple in court in all legal matters.
* Fire lit during [[Makaravilakku]] at [[ponnambalamedu]]

== Composition ==

Travancore Devaswom Board is headed by [[K. Jayakumar]]<ref name="tr2">{{cite news |date=8 November 2025 |title=K Jayakumar set to be TDB president |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/2025/Nov/08/k-jayakumar-set-to-be-tdb-president |access-date=8 November 2025 |work=[[The New Indian Express]] |publisher=The New Indian Express}}</ref>

== See also ==

* [[Devaswom boards in Kerala]]
* [[2025 Sabarimala gold row]]

== References ==

{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://travancoredevaswomboard.org/ Official website]

[[Category:Sabarimala]]
[[Category:Hindu organisations based in India]]

Mohammad Anwar Khan (Indian politician)

2026-04-20T04:42:53Z

Filmeekeeda: added a pg - done

{{Orphan|date=April 2026}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Mohammad Anwar Khan
| image =
| caption =
| birth_place = [[Baramulla]], Jammu and Kashmir
| occupation = Politician
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| term_start =
| known_for = General Secretary of the BJP, Jammu and Kashmir; surviving terrorist attacks
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1976|03|15}}
}}

'''Mohammad Anwar Khan''' (born 15 March 1976) is an Indian politician affiliated with the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP) from the Union Territory of [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]]. He serves as the General Secretary of the BJP Jammu and Kashmir and is a member of the BJP National Executive. Khan has survived multiple terrorist attacks due to his political affiliation.<ref name="WION2018" /><ref name="KNO2022" /><ref name="Excelsior2024" /><ref name=":0">{{Cite news |last=Ashiq |first=Peerzada |date=2018-03-15 |title=Gunfight erupts after militants attack BJP leader, guards in Srinagar |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/policeman-injured-as-militants-attack-bjp-leader-in-srinagar/article23259889.ece |access-date=2025-10-29 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

== Political career ==

Khan began his political career as the '''District General Secretary for Baramulla''', also holding responsibilities for [[Kupwara district]].<ref name="KNO2022">{{cite news |title=Meet Kashmir's lone BJP leader present on stage with Union Home Minister |url=https://www.kashmirnewsobserver.com/top-stories/meet-kashmir-s-lone-bjp-leader-present-on-stage-with-union-home-minister-kno-174268 |work=Kashmir News Observer |date=October 2022 |access-date=6 August 2025}}</ref>

In September 2024, Khan was designated as the in-charge coordinator for Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]]'s rally at Sher-e-Kashmir Park, Srinagar, organised ahead of the Jammu and Kashmir Assembly elections.<ref>{{Cite web |last=India |first=Press Trust of |date=2024-09-11 |title=JK Polls: PM Modi to Address Rally in Srinagar on Sep 19 |url=https://kashmirlife.net/jk-polls-pm-modi-to-address-rally-in-srinagar-on-sep-19-366133/ |access-date=2025-10-29 |website=Kashmir Life |language=en-GB}}</ref>

He later became a Party Observer and played a significant role in the BJP's membership drive in Jammu and Kashmir in 2024. He was honored by the party leadership for achieving the highest enrollment figures during the campaign.<ref name="Excelsior2024">{{cite news |title=BJP honours senior party leader Mohammad Anwar Khan |url=https://www.dailyexcelsior.com/bjp-honours-senior-party-leader-mohammad-anwar-khan/ |work=Daily Excelsior |date=December 2024 |access-date=6 August 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=SERVICE |first=GK NEWS |date=2024-09-12 |title=PM Modi to address BJP rally in Srinagar on Sep 19 |url=https://www.greaterkashmir.com/front-page-2/pm-modi-to-address-bjp-rally-in-srinagar-on-sep-19/ |access-date=2025-10-29 |website=Greater Kashmir |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |title=Jammu-Kashmir polls: PM Modi to address rallies in Srinagar & Katra today |url=https://www.business-standard.com/elections/jammu-kashmir-elections/jammu-kashmir-polls-pm-modi-to-address-rallies-in-srinagar-katra-today-124091900204_1.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241227065813/https://www.business-standard.com/elections/jammu-kashmir-elections/jammu-kashmir-polls-pm-modi-to-address-rallies-in-srinagar-katra-today-124091900204_1.html |archive-date=2024-12-27 |access-date=2025-10-29 |website=www.business-standard.com |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2024-09-12 |title=Assembly Polls: PM Modi to address rally in Srinagar on September 19 |url=https://asianewsnetwork.net/assembly-polls-pm-modi-to-address-rally-in-srinagar-on-september-19/ |access-date=2025-10-29 |website=ANN News |language=en-GB}}</ref>

In January 2025, Khan was appointed to the '''National Executive of the Bharatiya Janata Party''', a top decision-making body within the party.<ref name="Crown2025">{{cite news |title=Mohammad Anwar Khan inducted as National Executive Member of BJP |url=https://www.kashmircrown.com/mohammad-anwar-khan-inducted-as-national-executive-member-of-bjp/ |work=Kashmir Crown |date=January 2025 |access-date=6 August 2025}}</ref>

In July 2025, he was elevated to the position of General Secretary of BJP Jammu and Kashmir.<ref name="Excelsior2025">{{cite news |title=BJP announces office bearers for J&K |url=https://www.dailyexcelsior.com/bjp-announces-office-bearers-for-jk/ |work=Daily Excelsior |date=July 2025 |access-date=6 August 2025}}</ref> His appointment marked the first time a Kashmiri Muslim held this position within the state party leadership.<ref name="ThakurCongrats">{{cite news |title=Altaf Thakur congratulates Anwar Khan on appointment as BJP J&K General Secretary |url=https://www.thenewsnow.co.in/altaf-thakur-congratulates-anwar-khan-on-appointment-as-bjp-jk-general-secretary |work=The News Now |date=July 2025 |access-date=6 August 2025}}</ref>

== Assassination Attempts ==

Due to his active political role in a conflict-prone region, Khan has been the target of multiple terrorist attacks.

In March 2018, militants opened fire near his convoy in [[Pulwama district]]’s Khanmoh area, injuring his personal security officer. Khan escaped unharmed.<ref name="WION2018">{{cite news |title=J&K: Terrorists who attacked BJP leader killed |url=https://www.wionews.com/india-news/jk-terrorists-who-attacked-bjp-leader-killed-35976 |work=WION |date=15 March 2018 |access-date=6 August 2025}}</ref><ref name=":0" />

On April 1, 2021, militants attacked Khan's residence in Aaribagh, Nowgam, in Srinagar, killing his security guard Constable Rameez Raja. Khan was not present at the time. Militants also snatched the guard's rifle before fleeing. A day later, three militants involved in the attack were killed by security forces in an encounter in Pulwama district.<ref name="IEattack">{{cite news |title=Militants attack residence of BJP leader in Srinagar, policeman killed |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/militants-attack-residence-of-bjp-leader-in-srinagar-policeman-killed-7254204/ |work=The Indian Express |date=1 April 2021 |access-date=6 August 2025}}</ref><ref name="IEencounter">{{cite news |title=Three militants killed in Pulwama after Srinagar attack |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/srinagar-bjp-leader-house-militants-killed-in-encounter-7255509/ |work=The Indian Express |date=2 April 2021 |access-date=6 August 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-04-02 |title=Militants who attacked BJP leader's house in Srinagar shot dead |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/srinagar-bjp-leader-house-militants-killed-in-encounter-7255509/ |access-date=2025-10-29 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

== Public Recognition ==
Khan was the only BJP leader from the Kashmir Valley to share the stage with Union Home Minister [[Amit Shah]] and Lieutenant Governor [[Manoj Sinha]] during a large political rally in Baramulla in 2022.<ref name="KNO2022"/>

== See also ==
* [[Politics of Jammu and Kashmir]]
* [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
* [[Insurgency in Jammu and Kashmir]]

== References ==
<references />

{{DEFAULTSORT:Khan, Mohammad Anwar}}
[[Category:1976 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Jammu and Kashmir]]

Mahuwa Assembly constituency

2026-04-17T09:16:55Z

Filmeekeeda: added new stub - done

{{short description|Legislative assembly constituency in Rajasthan, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2021}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Mahuwa
| map_image = Assembly constituencies of Rajasthan-86-Mahuwa.svg
| mla = [[Rajendra Meena]]
| party = [[Bhartiya Janta Party]]
| incumbent_image =
| state = [[Rajasthan]]
| district = [[Dausa district|Dausa]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Dausa Lok Sabha constituency|Dausa]]
| established = 1951
| reservation = None
| electors = {{formatnum:221302}}<ref name=election2023>{{cite web |url=https://www.eci.gov.in/eci-backend/public/all_files/full-statistical-reports/rajasthan/2023/Detailed_Results.pdf |title=State Election,2023 to the legislative assembly of Rajasthan |website=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date= 12 February 2021 |url-access=limited}}</ref>{{update after|2029|1}}
| type = SLA
| constituency_no = 86
| preceded_by = [[Omprakash Hudla]]
| latest_election_year = [[2023 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
}}
'''Mahuwa Assembly constituency''' is one of the 200 [[Rajasthan Legislative Assembly|legislative assembly]] constituencies of [[Rajasthan]] state in [[India]]. Mahuwa is located in [[Dausa district|Dausa]] district.<ref name=delimitation2008>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3931-delimitation-of-parliamentary-assembly-constituencies-order-2008/ |title=Delimitation of Parliamentary & Assembly Constituencies Order - 2008 |website=Election Commission of India |date=26 November 2008 |accessdate= 12 February 2021}}</ref><ref name=ceomap>{{cite web |url=https://ceorajasthan.nic.in/map/RAJASTHAN_ACS_MAP/RAJASTHAN_ACS_MAP.pdf |title=New Assembly Constituencies |website=ceorajasthan.nic.in |date=25 January 2006| access-date=12 February 2021}}</ref>

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Year
!Member
!colspan="2"|Party
|-
|[[1952 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|1952]]
|[[Tika Ram Paliwal]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=3}}
|-
|rowspan=2|[[1957 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|1957]]
|Gopi Sahai
|-
|[[Tika Ram Paliwal]]
|-
|1958 (by-poll)
|Bhora
|{{Full party name with color|Jan Sangh}}
|-
|1959 (by-poll)
|C. Chhuttan Lal Meena
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[1962 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|1962]]
|Shiv Ram
|{{Full party name with color|Jan Sangh}}
|-
|1964 (by-poll)
|Mandhata Singh
|{{Full party name with color|Swatantra Party}}
|-
|[[1967 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
|S. Singh
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[1972 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|1972]]
|Vishamber Dayal
|{{Full party name with color|Independent (politician)}}
|-
|[[1977 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|1977]]
|Umrao Singh
|{{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}
|-
|[[1980 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|1980]]
|[[Hari Singh Mahua]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress (I)}}
|-
|[[1985 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|1985]]
|[[Kirodi Lal Meena]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}
|-
|[[1990 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|1990]]
|rowspan=3|[[Hari Singh Mahua]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=3}}
|-
|[[1993 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|1993]]
|-
|[[1998 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|1998]]
|-
|[[2003 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|2003]]
|Harigyan Singh
|{{Full party name with color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}
|-
|[[2008 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|2008]]
|[[Golma Devi Meena]]
|{{Full party name with color|Independent (politician)}}
|-
|[[2013 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|2013]]
|rowspan=2 |[[Omprakash Hudla]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bhartiya Janata Party}}
|-
|[[2018 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|2018]]
|{{Full party name with color|Independent (politician)}}
|-
|[[2023 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
|[[Rajendra Meena]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|}

== Election results ==
=== 2023 ===
{{Election box begin
|title = [[2023 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election]]: Mahuwa<ref name="election2023"/>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Rajendra Meena]]
|votes = {{formatnum:66376}}
|percentage = 41.54
|change = +13.48
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = [[Omprakash Hudla]]
|votes = {{formatnum:58459}}
|percentage = 36.58
|change = +25.41
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Aazad Samaj Party (Kanshi Ram)
|candidate = Mukul Bhadana
|votes = {{formatnum:14861}}
|percentage = 9.3
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Ramniwas Goyal
|votes = {{formatnum:11008}}
|percentage = 6.89
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Kamla
|votes = {{formatnum:3125}}
|percentage = 1.96
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Banwari Lal Santha
|votes = {{formatnum:2737}}
|percentage = 1.71
|change = -4.69
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:1133}}
|percentage = 0.71
|change = -0.04
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:7917}}
|percentage = 4.96
|change = -1.82
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:159798}}
|percentage = 72.21
|change = -1.63
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser = Independent
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2018 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2018 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|Rajasthan Legislative Assembly Election, 2018]]: Mahuwa<ref name=election2018>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/9645-statistical-data-of-rajasthan-la-2018/ |title=Statistical Data of Rajasthan LA 2018 |website=Election Commission of India |date= |accessdate= 12 February 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = [[Omprakash Hudla]]
|votes = {{formatnum:51310}}
|percentage = 34.84
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Rajendra Meena]]
|votes = {{formatnum:41325}}
|percentage = 28.06
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Ajeet Singh
|votes = {{formatnum:19624}}
|percentage = 13.33
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Ajay Kumar
|votes = {{formatnum:16452}}
|percentage = 11.17
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Vijay Kumar
|votes = {{formatnum:9423}}
|percentage = 6.4
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Nationalist People's Front
|candidate = Chandra Prakash Meena
|votes = {{formatnum:3964}}
|percentage = 2.69
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:1109}}
|percentage = 0.75
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:9985}}
|percentage = 6.78
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:147260}}
|percentage = 73.84
|change =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[List of constituencies of the Rajasthan Legislative Assembly]]
* [[Dausa district]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Rajasthan}}

{{coord|26|75.68|display=title}}

[[Category:Dausa district]]
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Politics of Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1951]]
[[Category:1951 establishments in Rajasthan]]

Kullu Assembly constituency

2026-04-15T23:47:28Z

Filmeekeeda: Put up basic stub added tags

{{short description|Legislative Assembly constituency in Himachal Pradesh State, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2017}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Kullu
| type = SLA
| constituency_no = 23
| map_image = 23-Kullu constituency.svg
| mla = [[Sunder Singh Thakur]]
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]
| latest_election_year = [[2022 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2022]]
| state = [[Himachal Pradesh]]
| district = [[Kullu district|Kullu]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Mandi Lok Sabha constituency|Mandi]]
| established = 1967
| reservation = None
| electors = {{formatnum:92050}}<ref name=election2022>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/14751-himachal-pradesh-general-legislative-election-2022/ |title=Himachal Pradesh General Legislative Election 2012 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=22 April 2023}}</ref>{{update after|2028|1}}
}}
'''Kullu Assembly constituency''' is one of the 68 assembly constituencies of [[Himachal Pradesh]] a northern Indian state. [[Kullu]] is also part of [[Mandi Lok Sabha constituency]].<ref>[https://www.elections.in/himachal-pradesh/assembly-constituencies/kullu.html Sitting and previous MLAs from Kullu Assembly constituency]</ref>

==Members of Legislative Assembly==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Year
!Member
!Picture
!colspan="2"|Party
|-
|[[1967 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
| rowspan=2|Lal Chand Prarthi ||rowspan=2|
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[1972 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1972]]
|-
|[[1977 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1977]]
|rowspan=2| Kunj Lal Thakur ||rowspan=2|
|{{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}
|-
|[[1982 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1982]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|[[1985 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1985]]
| Raj Krishan Gour ||
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[1990 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1990]]
| Kunj Lal Thakur ||
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|[[1993 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1993]]
| Raj Krishan Gour ||
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[1998 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1998]]
| Chander Sain Thakur ||
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|[[2003 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2003]]
| Raj Krishan Gour ||
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[2007 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2007]]
| [[Govind Singh Thakur]] ||
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|[[2012 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2012]]
| [[Maheshwar Singh (Kullu politician)|Maheshwar Singh]] ||
|{{Full party name with color|Himachal Lokhit Party}}
|-
|[[2017 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2017]]
|rowspan="2"| [[Sunder Singh Thakur]]<ref name=election2017/> ||rowspan="2"|
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[2022 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2022]]
|-
|}

== Election results ==
===Assembly Election 2022 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2022 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Kullu}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Sunder Singh Thakur]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=30,286 |percentage=42.56% |change={{decrease}}7.22 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Narotam Singh |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=26,183 |percentage=36.79% |change={{decrease}}10.55 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ram Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=11,937 |percentage=16.77% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sher Singh |party=Aam Aadmi Party |votes=1,119 |percentage=1.57% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Hotam Singh |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes=1,102 |percentage=1.55% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Nota |party=None of the above |votes=346 |percentage=0.49% |change={{decrease}}0.16 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Lot Rama Thakur |party=Independent politician |votes=192 |percentage=0.27% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=4,103 |percentage=5.77% |change= {{increase}}3.33 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=71,165 |percentage=77.31% |change= {{increase}}0.01 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 92,050 |ref = |change= {{increase}}12.73 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}7.22 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 2017 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2017 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Kullu<ref name=election2017>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3815-himachal-pradesh-general-legislative-election-2017/ |title=Himachal Pradesh General Legislative Election 2017 |author=Election Commission of India |access-date=8 July 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Sunder Singh Thakur]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=31,423 |percentage=49.78% |change={{increase}}23.84 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Maheshwar Singh (Kullu politician)|Maheshwar Singh]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=29,885 |percentage=47.34% |change={{increase}}20.06 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Renuka Dogra |party=Rashtriya Azad Manch |votes=469 |percentage=0.74% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes=407 |percentage=0.64% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,538 |percentage=2.44% |change= {{decrease}}2.79 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=63,122 |percentage=77.31% |change= {{decrease}}0.25 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 81,653 |ref = |change= {{increase}}10.78 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Himachal Lokhit Party |swing= {{increase}}17.28 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 2012 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2012 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Kullu}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Maheshwar Singh (Kullu politician)|Maheshwar Singh]] |party=Himachal Lokhit Party |votes=18,582 |percentage=32.51% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ram Singh |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=15,597 |percentage=27.28% |change={{decrease}}13.43 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Sunder Singh Thakur]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=14,830 |percentage=25.94% |change={{increase}}0.39 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Prem Lata Thakur |party=Independent politician |votes=7,256 |percentage=12.69% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Lot Rama Thakur |party=Shivsena |votes=458 |percentage=0.80% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sarita |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=392 |percentage=0.69% |change={{decrease}}32.94 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=2,985 |percentage=5.22% |change= {{decrease}}1.86 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=57,165 |percentage=77.56% |change= {{increase}}3.88 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 73,707 |ref = |change= {{decrease}}23.57 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Himachal Lokhit Party |loser=Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= {{decrease}}8.21 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 2007 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2007 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Kullu}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Govind Singh Thakur]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=28,925 |percentage=40.71% |change={{increase}}20.33 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Dharamvir Dhami |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=23,892 |percentage=33.63% |change={{increase}}31.46 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Raj Krishan Gour |party=Indian National Congress |votes=18,156 |percentage=25.56% |change={{decrease}}8.14 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=5,033 |percentage=7.08% |change= {{decrease}}4.29 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=71,045 |percentage=73.67% |change= {{decrease}}2.50 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 96,433 |ref = |change= {{increase}}14.87 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 2003 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2003 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Kullu<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1998 to the Legislative Assembly of Himachal Pradesh |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1998/StatisticalReport-HP98.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120111191922/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1998/StatisticalReport-HP98.pdf|archive-date=11 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Raj Krishan Gour |party=Indian National Congress |votes=21,547 |percentage=33.70% |change={{decrease}}14.11 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Govind Singh Thakur]] |party=Independent politician |votes=14,277 |percentage=22.33% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Karan Singh |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=13,033 |percentage=20.38% |change={{decrease}}27.49 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Dharam Vir |party=Independent politician |votes=12,953 |percentage=20.26% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Master Jawahar Lal |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=1,384 |percentage=2.16% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Charan Dass |party=Samajwadi Party |votes=747 |percentage=1.17% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=7,270 |percentage=11.37% |change= {{increase}}11.30 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=63,941 |percentage=76.30% |change= {{increase}}12.22 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 83,947 |ref = |change= {{increase}}5.05 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= {{decrease}}14.18 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1998 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1998 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Kullu<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1998 to the Legislative Assembly of Himachal Pradesh |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1998/StatisticalReport-HP98.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120111191922/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1998/StatisticalReport-HP98.pdf|archive-date=11 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Chander Sain Thakur |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=24,467 |percentage=47.88% |change={{increase}}8.22 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Raj Krishan Gaur |party=Indian National Congress |votes=24,429 |percentage=47.80% |change={{decrease}}8.66 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Gopal Dass |party=Himachal Vikas Congress |votes=1,519 |percentage=2.97% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sar Chand |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes=688 |percentage=1.35% |change={{decrease}}0.18 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=38 |percentage=0.07% |change= {{decrease}}16.73 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=51,103 |percentage=64.53% |change= {{decrease}}8.78 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 79,908 |ref = |change= {{increase}}12.85 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}8.59 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1993 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1993 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Kullu<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1993 to the Legislative Assembly of Himachal Pradesh |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1993/Statistical%20Report%201993%20Himachal%20Pradesh.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120111133700/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1993/Statistical%20Report%201993%20Himachal%20Pradesh.pdf|archive-date=11 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Raj Krishan Gour |party=Indian National Congress |votes=29,077 |percentage=56.46% |change={{decrease}}5.20 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Kunj Lal |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=20,423 |percentage=39.66% |change={{increase}}2.27 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sar Chand |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes=786 |percentage=1.53% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Duglu Ram |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=649 |percentage=1.26% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Dhani Ram |party=Independent politician |votes=307 |percentage=0.60% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=8,654 |percentage=16.81% |change= {{decrease}}7.47 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=51,496 |percentage=73.16% |change= {{increase}}2.04 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 70,806 |ref = |change= {{increase}}49.23 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}5.20 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1985 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1985 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Kullu<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1985 to the Legislative Assembly of Himachal Pradesh |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/StatisticalReport%201985%20Himachal%20Pradesh.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114090530/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/StatisticalReport%201985%20Himachal%20Pradesh.pdf|archive-date=14 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Raj Krishan Gour |party=Indian National Congress |votes=20,685 |percentage=61.67% |change={{increase}}20.59 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Chander Sain Thakur |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=12,542 |percentage=37.39% |change={{decrease}}8.41 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Nawal Thakur |party=Independent politician |votes=315 |percentage=0.94% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=8,143 |percentage=24.28% |change= {{increase}}19.56 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=33,542 |percentage=71.36% |change= {{decrease}}1.20 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 47,448 |ref = |change= {{increase}}4.39 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1982 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1982 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Kullu<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1982 to the Legislative Assembly of Himachal Pradesh |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/SE_1982/Statistical%20Report%201982%20Himachal%20Pradesh.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120117041754/eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/SE_1982/Statistical%20Report%201982%20Himachal%20Pradesh.pdf|archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Kunj Lal |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=14,967 |percentage=45.80% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Raj Krishan Gaor |party=Indian National Congress |votes=13,425 |percentage=41.08% |change={{increase}}13.16 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Lal Chand Prarthi |party=Independent politician |votes=3,522 |percentage=10.78% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Anirudh |party=Independent politician |votes=500 |percentage=1.53% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Nawal Thakur |party=Independent politician |votes=204 |percentage=0.62% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,542 |percentage=4.72% |change= {{decrease}}10.13 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=32,677 |percentage=72.93% |change= {{increase}}13.87 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 45,451 |ref = |change= {{increase}}16.43 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser=Janata Party |swing= {{increase}}3.03 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1977 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1977 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Kullu<ref>{{cite web|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1977 to the Legislative Assembly of Himachal Pradesh |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/SE_1977/Statistical%20Report%201977%20Himachal%20Pradesh.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160319174923/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/SE_1977/Statistical%20Report%201977%20Himachal%20Pradesh.pdf|archive-date=19 March 2016|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Kunj Lal |party=Janata Party |votes=9,688 |percentage=42.77% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Raj Krishan Gour |party=Indian National Congress |votes=6,324 |percentage=27.92% |change={{decrease}}23.16 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Bhagat Ram |party=Independent politician |votes=3,558 |percentage=15.71% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ani Rudh |party=Independent politician |votes=2,003 |percentage=8.84% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Charan Dass |party=Independent politician |votes=921 |percentage=4.07% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Nawal Thakur |party=Independent politician |votes=157 |percentage=0.69% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=3,364 |percentage=14.85% |change= {{decrease}}8.51 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=22,651 |percentage=58.96% |change= {{increase}}5.67 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 39,037 |ref = |change= {{increase}}14.51 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Janata Party |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}8.31 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1972 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1972 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Kullu<ref>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3802-himachal-pradesh-1972/ |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1972 to the Legislative Assembly of Himachal Pradesh |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=10 February 2022}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Lal Chand Prarthi |party=Indian National Congress |votes=9,116 |percentage=51.08% |change={{increase}}5.59 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Kunj Lal |party=Bharatiya Jana Sangh |votes=4,946 |percentage=27.71% |change={{increase}}15.81 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Nawal Thakur |party=Independent politician |votes=1,669 |percentage=9.35% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Durga Dass |party=Lok Raj Party Himachal Pradesh |votes=1,223 |percentage=6.85% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Kewal Ram |party=Independent politician |votes=661 |percentage=3.70% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Amar Chand |party=Independent politician |votes=232 |percentage=1.30% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=4,170 |percentage=23.37% |change= {{decrease}}2.07 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=17,847 |percentage=53.81% |change= {{increase}}9.95 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 34,090 |ref = |change= {{increase}}38.26 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{increase}}5.59 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1967 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1967 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Kullu<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1967 to the Legislative Assembly of Himachal Pradesh |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Himachal%20Pradesh%201967.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120117081612/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Himachal%20Pradesh%201967.pdf|archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Lal Chand Prarthi |party=Indian National Congress |votes=4,756 |percentage=45.49% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=N. Kishore |party=Independent politician |votes=2,097 |percentage=20.06% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=B. Ram |party=Bharatiya Jana Sangh |votes=1,244 |percentage=11.90% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=J. Ram |party=Independent politician |votes=805 |percentage=7.70% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=K. Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=716 |percentage=6.85% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=B. Guru |party=Independent politician |votes=481 |percentage=4.60% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=J. Nath |party=Independent politician |votes=250 |percentage=2.39% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=C. Ram |party=Independent politician |votes=106 |percentage=1.01% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=2,659 |percentage=25.43% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=10,455 |percentage=45.03% |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 24,657 |ref = |change= }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner=Indian National Congress |loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[List of constituencies of the Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]
* [[Kullu district]]
* [[Kullu]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{cite web |title=Results of Himachal Pradesh Assembly Elections |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/74-himachal-pradesh/ |website=eci.gov.in |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=15 March 2022}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Himachal Pradesh|state=expanded}}
{{Himachal Pradesh elections|state=collapsed}}

{{coord|31.96|77.11|display=title}}

[[Category:Kullu district]]
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Himachal Pradesh]]
[[Category:Politics of Himachal Pradesh]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1967]]
[[Category:1967 establishments in Himachal Pradesh]]

Poovanna Chandura Boby

2026-04-13T05:10:26Z

Filmeekeeda: adding post...

{{Short description|Indian hockey player (born 2002)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2026}}
'''Poovanna Chandura Boby''' (born 5 October 2002) is an Indian [[field hockey]] player from [[Karnataka]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Poovanna CB - Hockey India |url=https://www.hockeyindia.org/players/poovanna-cb-profile-8812 |access-date=2026-03-14 |website=www.hockeyindia.org}}</ref> He plays as a defender for the [[India men's national field hockey team|Indian national team]] and represents [[State Bank of India]] in domestic tournaments. He represented Bengal Tigers in the Hero Hockey India League.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Newsdesk |first=C. L. N. |date=2025-07-05 |title=Chandura Poovanna selected for India-A men’s hockey squad |url=https://clnews.in/2025/07/05/chandura-poovanna-selected-for-india-a-mens-hockey-squad/ |access-date=2026-03-14 |website=CoffeeLand News |language=en-US}}</ref>

Boby is from Kandangala village, [[Virajpet]] taluk, Kodagu, Karnataka.<ref name=":0" /> He was inspired to take up hockey after watching the Kodava family hockey festival.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Agencies |date=2025-05-16 |title=Poovanna aims to make India debut after recovering from serious injury |url=https://www.dtnext.in/news/sports/poovanna-aims-to-make-india-debut-after-recovering-from-serious-injury-833868 |access-date=2026-03-14 |website=DT Next |language=en}}</ref> He worked with CAG office in Chhattisgarh.<ref name=":0" />

== Career ==
He represented India in the 2022 [[Sultan of Johor Cup]] held at Johor Bahru, Malaysia where India won the gold medal. He was also part of the Indian team which won the bronze in the Sultanof Johor Cup in 2023. In 2023, he represented Junior India in the 2023 [[Men's FIH Hockey Junior World Cup|FIH Junior World Cup]] (Men), where India finished fourth. In the same year, he was also part of the gold winning Indian team at the Men's Junior Asia Cup 2023.

In February 2026, he was selected for the [[FIH Pro League]] matches in Hobart from February 20 to 25.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-02-17 |title=Harmanpreet out of India squad for Pro League games in Australia: Indian Sports, February 17 |url=https://www.espn.in/espn/story/_/id/47947761/indian-sports-live-updates-news-scores-results-17-february-2026 |access-date=2026-03-14 |website=ESPN |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2026-02-18 |title=Our backs are against the wall, says Hardik Singh |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/hockey/top-stories/our-backs-are-against-the-wall-says-hardik-singh/articleshow/128492279.cms |access-date=2026-03-14 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Chandura Boby, Poovanna}}
[[Category:2002 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian men's field hockey players]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian sportsmen]]
[[Category:Field hockey players from Karnataka]]
[[Category:People from Kodagu district]]

Ratul Shankar

2026-03-31T16:36:32Z

Filmeekeeda:

{{Short description|Indian percussionist and actor}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2018}}
{{Infobox person
|name = Ratul Shankar
|image =
|caption =
|birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1979|07|30}}
|birth_place = [[Calcutta]] (now [[Kolkata]])
|death_date =
|death_place =
|other_names =
|known_for =
|occupation = [[Percussionist]], [[actor]]
| parents = [[Chandrodoy Ghosh]] (father), [[Mamata Shankar]] (mother)
| relatives = [[Uday Shankar]] (grandfather) [[Ravi Shankar]] (granduncle)
| yearsactive =
}}

'''Ratul Shankar''' (born Ratul Shankar Ghosh) is a [[percussionist]] and [[actor]].<ref name="blessing">{{cite web|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-05-13/news-and-interviews/28294922_1_dance-instruments-folk-orchestra |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131101211833/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-05-13/news-and-interviews/28294922_1_dance-instruments-folk-orchestra |url-status=dead |archive-date=2013-11-01 |title=How do I promote a blessing?: Ratul |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |date=2010-05-13 |accessdate=2013-10-29}}</ref><ref name="pro.imdb">{{cite web|url=https://pro.imdb.com/name/nm1136227/ |title=Ratul Shankar Ghosh Business Details |publisher=Pro.imdb.com |date= |accessdate=2013-10-29}}</ref>

== Family background ==
Ratul Shankar is the great-grandson of [[Shyam Shankar Chowdhury]], grandson of [[Uday Shankar]], grandnephew of renowned sitarist [[Ravi Shankar]], and son of [[Mamata Shankar]]. He is the nephew of [[Ananda Shankar]], sitar player [[Anoushka Shankar]], and western singer [[Norah Jones]].

Born in the Shankar family on 30 July 1979, Ratul was exposed to the various forms of [[performing arts]] at a very young age. He has been touring with his parents [[Mamata Shankar]] and Chandrodoy Ghosh from the age of two.

Trained under Pt. [[Tanmoy Bose]], Ratul has performed in his World Music Project "TAAL TANTRA" and has been performing with the project for the last 13 years. He has also been a feature of various other World Music projects.

A Major in Mass Communication and Videography from [[St. Xavier's College, Kolkata]], Shankar made his debut in acting with [[Rituporno Ghosh]] in the [[National Film Awards|National Award]] winning film [[Utsab]] in 2000.

But music has always been his first love and shall always be, as he always says, his greatest influence has been his uncle [[Ananda Shankar]]. While performing with "TAAL TANTRA" and other various projects, Ratul performed with the maestros such as [[Ustad Amjad Ali Khan]], Ustad Taufique Quereshi, [[Selvaganesh]], Pt. [[Tejendra Narayan Majumdar]], Pt. [[Bickram Ghosh]], [[Pete Lockett]], [[Tilmann Dienhart]], [[Niladri Kumar]], [[Carl Peters]], [[Ranajit Sengupta]], [[Wolfgang Netzer]], [[Soweto Kinch]], [[Jesse Bannister]], and [[Attab Hadad]].

Shankar has been touring extensively with various projects scattered over the world. His main interest lies in collaborating with musicians from all over and believes in the Cultural Exchange that takes place fluently.

== As an actor ==
Ratul has acted in [[Anuranan]] and [[Rituparno Ghosh]]'s [[Utsab]]<ref name="blessing" /><ref name="pro.imdb" />

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Shankar family}}
{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Shankar, Ratul}}
[[Category:1979 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Bengali musicians]]
[[Category:Male actors from Kolkata]]
[[Category:Indian percussionists]]
[[Category:Shankar family|Ratul]]

Ritu Mitharwal

2026-03-30T04:24:00Z

Filmeekeeda: adding new stub

{{Short description|Indian kabaddi player}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2026}}

'''Ritu Mithawal''' is an Indian kabaddi player from [[Haryana]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ravi |date=2026-03-20 |title=Indian team announced for Women Kabaddi World Cup 2025 |url=https://possible11.com/blog/indian-team-announced-for-women-kabaddi-world-cup-2025/ |access-date=2026-03-20 |website=possible11 |language=en}}</ref> She plays for the [[India women's national kabaddi team|Indian women's national kabaddi team]] and for Haryana in the domestic tournaments. She is an all-rounder and defender.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rohit |date=2025-11-15 |title=Ritu Mitharwal Bio: Haryana Defender's Journey to National Team |url=https://sportsvichar.com/ritu-mitharwal-bio-haryana-defenders-journey-to-national-team/ |access-date=2026-03-20 |website=sportsvichar.com |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Daliya |first=Ragini |date=25 November 2025 |title=India Women’s Kabaddi Team Wins 2025 World Cup: See Player Profiles |url=https://thebetterindia.com/web-stories/sports/india-womens-kabaddi-world-cup-2025-player-profiles-10810649 |access-date=20 March 2026 |website=The Better India |language=en}}</ref>

She is from Kalali village, [[Bhiwani district]], [[Haryana]]. Her father Vijay Singh is a farmer and her mother is Krishna Devi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=रीतू मिठारवाल का भारतीय कबड्डी टीम में चयन |url=https://www.dainiktribuneonline.com/news/gurugram/ritu-mitharwal-selected-in-the-indian-kabaddi-team/ |access-date=2026-03-20 |website=Dainiktribuneonline.com |language=hi}}</ref>

She was a part of the Indian women's national kabaddi team that won gold in the Women’s Kabaddi World Cup 2025 at Bangladesh in November 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nag |first=Utathya |date=24 November 2025 |title=Women’s Kabaddi World Cup 2025: India defend title - all match results, scores and points table |url=https://www.olympics.com/en/news/women-kabaddi-world-cup-2025-results-scores-standings-points-table |access-date=16 March 2026 |website=Olympics}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mitharwal, Ritu}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian female kabaddi players]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian sportswomen]]
[[Category:Sportswomen from Haryana]]
[[Category:People from Bhiwani district]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

Kurta

2026-03-28T01:39:40Z

Filmeekeeda: rework formatting also and added references based on references

{{Short description|Loose shirt or tunic worn traditionally in South Asia}}
{{Italic title}}
{{About|the item of clothing|the abandoned village in Georgia|Kurta (village)|the Ukrainian footballer|Serhiy Kurta}}
[[File:Kurta traditional front sandalwood buttons.jpg|thumb|right|A traditional cotton ''kurta'' with wooden cuff-links-style buttons, centre [[placket]] opening with ''[[chikan (embroidery)|chikan]]'', a style of embroidery from [[Lucknow]], India ]]

A '''''kurta''''' is a loose collarless shirt or tunic worn in many regions of South Asia,<ref name=oed-kurta>{{citation |chapter=kurta, n. |title=OED Online |date=September 2022 |publisher=Oxford University Press |chapter-url=https://www.oed.com/view/Entry/104592?redirectedFrom=kurta |access-date=November 22, 2022}} (subscription required) Quote: "A loose shirt or tunic worn by men and women."</ref><ref name="Stevenson2010">{{citation |last=Stevenson |first=Angus |title=Oxford Dictionary of English |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=anecAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA981 |year=2010 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-957112-3 |page=981 |quote=A loose collarless shirt worn by people from South Asia, usually with a salwar, churidars, or pyjama. From Urdu and Persian kurtah.}}</ref><ref name=cambridge-english>{{citation |title=Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary and Thesaurus |publisher=Cambridge University Press |chapter=kurta |chapter-url=https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/kurta |year=2013}} Quote: "Kurta: a loose shirt without a collar, worn by women and men from South Asia"</ref> and now also worn around the world.<ref name="Shukla2015">{{citation |last=Shukla |first=Pravina |title=The Grace of Four Moons: Dress, Adornment, and the Art of the Body in Modern India |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MlObCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA71 |year=2015 |publisher=Indiana University Press |isbn=978-0-253-02121-2 |page=71}} Quote: "The kurta—the tunic—is likewise variable in its cut. It might be wide or tight, there is variety in the length and width of the sleeves, the height of the slits on either side, and especially the shape of the neck. The length of the tunic varies as well, ranging from upper-thigh to well below the knee. Like most garments of this type, worn by people in many countries in South Asia, the Middle East, and North Africa, the tunic always covers the crotch area of both genders."</ref> Tracing its roots to [[Central Asian]] nomadic [[tunic]]s, or upper body garments, of the late-ancient- or early-medieval era, the kurta has evolved stylistically over the centuries, especially in South Asia, as a garment for everyday wear as well as for formal occasions.<ref name="Rahman-Alkazi2002">{{citation |last=Alkazi |first=Roshen |editor-last=Rahman |editor-first=Abdur |title=India's Interaction with China, Central and West Asia |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NZvpAAAAMAAJ |year=2002 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-565789-0 |pages=464–484 |chapter=Evolution of Indian Costume as a result of the links between Central Asia and India in ancient and medieval times |quote=This exposure to a different mode of dress for four centuries in the ancient period and for six centuries under Islamic rulers later, created the varieties of cut and sewn garments which now form and intrinsic part of what today is called Indian costume. This applies particularly to the Deccan and the Northern parts of India. The South, however, retained the earlier draped and unstitched garments of ancient India, e.g., the ''antariya/dhoti'', the ''uttariya/dupatta'' and ''cummerband''/waist cloth. These cut and sewn garments of the invaders underwent dramatic changes evolving from simple Central Asian nomadic costume (both Kushan and the Turk Mongol peoples were horse-riding nomads) to the highly civilized, urban and decorative costume of the Mughal court and the day-to-day comfortable and relaxed dress of the common man of today called the ''kurta-pyjama'' (page 468)}}</ref>

The kurta is traditionally made of cotton or silk. It is worn plain or with embroidered decoration, such as ''[[chikan (embroidery)|chikan]]''; and it can be loose or tight in the torso, typically falling either just above or somewhere below the knees of the wearer.<ref name="Shukla2015" /> The front and back of a traditional kurta are made of rectangular pieces, and its side-seams are left open at the bottom, up to varying lengths, to enable ease of movement.<ref name="Shukla2015" />

The sleeves of a traditional kurta fall to the wrist without narrowing, the ends hemmed but not cuffed; the kurta can be worn by both men and women; it is traditionally collarless, though [[mandarin collar|standing collars]] are increasingly popular. Kurtas are traditionally worn over ordinary [[pajamas]],<ref name="Rahman-Alkazi2002"/> loose [[Shalwar Kameez|shalwars]], or [[churidar]]s. Among urban youth, kurtas are being increasingly worn over [[jeans]],<ref name=kapadia-kurta-over-jeans>{{cite book |last=Kapadia |first=Shagufa |title=Adolescence in Urban India: Cultural Construction in a Society in Transition |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-81-322-3731-0 |year=2017 |page=31 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QdQ5DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA31 |quote=The adolescents, all high school students, belong to educated and economically well-off middle class Hindu Gujarati nuclear families in Baroda city. All of them were studying in English medium schools. Almost all of them have a two-wheeler and a cell phone—two indispensable possessions. ... In terms of clothing, there is a preference for modern Western styles, and at the same time, the Indo-Western fusion style (example, wearing a ''kurta'' over jeans) is popular}}</ref> not only in South Asia,<ref name=khaire-kurti-jeans>{{cite book |last=Khaire |first=Mukti |chapter=Entrepreneurship by design: the construction of meanings and market for cultural craft goods |title=Culture, Innovation and Entrepreneurship, New Directions in Theory and Research |editor1-last=Lounsbury |editor1-first=Michael |editor2-last=Cornelissen |editor2-first=Joep |editor3-last=Granqvist |editor3-first=Nina |editor4-last=Grodal |editor4-first=Stine |publisher=Routledge |year=2021 |isbn=978-0-367-64000-2 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ifwgEAAAQBAJ&pg=PT32 |quote=Similarly, as more Indian women adopted jeans and trousers instead of Indian clothing for everyday wear, Fabindia introduced a shorter version of the traditional long Indian tunic (the kameez or kurta), called a 'kurti'. The kurti is a scaled-down version og the kurta that nevertheless covers a woman's hips when worn over trousers or jeans; this modest length made Indian women – used to having their hips covered – more comfortable wearing trousers in public.}}</ref> but also in the [[South Asian diaspora]], both the recently established,<ref name = perkins-kurta-jeans>{{cite book |last=Perkins |first=Mitali |title=First Daughter: Extreme American Makeover |publisher=Penguin |series=Dutton Children's Books series |year=2007 |isbn=978-0-525-47800-3 |page=189 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=E0QdH0ql9FAC&pg=PA189 |quote=They were definitely all South Asian, but their parents were from different places. George was a Christian with roots in South India, Bobby's parents spoke Bengali, Nadia's parents were from Pakistan, and Sangi's heritage was Punjabi. ... The dance floor was packed with bodies rising and falling to fusion of what sounded like pop, Bollywood, and reggae. ... Most dancers were wearing western clothes, but several of the girls were in ''salwar kameez'' outfits, and some guys and girls were wearing long, cottom kurta shirts over their jeans.}}</ref> and the longstanding.<ref name="kloß-kurta-jeans">{{cite book |last=Kloß |first=Sinah Theres |title=Fabrics of Indianness: The Exchange and Consumption of Clothing in Transnational Guyanese Hindu Communities |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |isbn=978-1-137-56540-2 |year=2016 |page=123 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_aPCDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA123 |quote=Caribbean masculinity is constructed through one's presentation of being tough and strong. These characteristic s of hard and soft are transferred to clothing. Bhavani further explains that she finds it appropriate to wear kurt with soft pants, preferably matching (Indian) pants bought in a set with the kurta. She expresses her preference for 'matching' clothes: to her, mixing hard and soft clothing—possibly interpreted as English and Indian styles—does not seem appropriate or aesthetic. Her remark of 'mixing' refers to a recent practise among boys and young me, who commonly attend puja in kurta and jeans.}}</ref> Young women and girls in urban areas are increasingly wearing ''kurtis'', which are short hip-length kurtas, with jeans or leggings, in addition to more traditional lower-body garments.<ref name = parames-kurta-jeans>{{cite book |last=Parameswaran |first=Ambi |title=For God's Sake: An Adman on the Business of Religion |date=April 2015 |publisher=Penguin UK |isbn=9789351186083 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wSxiAgAAQBAJ&pg=PT30 |quote=... about ten years ago the humble kurta worn with a churidar was reinvented as the kurti which is today worn with jeans, leggings, pyjamas—churidar.}}</ref>

== Etymology ==
[[File:Silk kurta churidar mojari2.jpg|thumb|right|A silk kurta worn with [[churidar]] and decorative [[mojari]] sandals.]]
* According to the ''Oxford Dictionary of English'',<ref name="Stevenson2010"/><blockquote>kurta (n): A loose collarless shirt worn by people from South Asia, usually with a salwar, churidars, or pyjama. From Urdu and Persian kurtah.</blockquote>
* According to the ''Oxford English Dictionary'' (online, subscription required),<ref name=OED89>Oxford English Dictionary, Second Edition. 1989.</ref> the first use of ''kurta'' in English is attributed to W.G. Lawrence in [[T. E. Lawrence]], ''Home Letters'', 1913, "Me in a [[dhoti]] khurta, White Indian clothes."
* According to Cannon and Kay's ''[[The Persian Contributions to the English Language: A Historical Dictionary]]'', 2001,<ref name="CannonKaye2001">{{citation |last1=Cannon |first1=Garland Hampton |last2=Kaye |first2=Alan S. |title=The Persian Contributions to the English Language: A Historical Dictionary |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2iX3RXJnHCUC&pg=PA103 |year=2001 |publisher=Otto Harrassowitz Verlag |isbn=978-3-447-04503-2 |pages=103–}}</ref> <blockquote>'''kurta''', n. (Ogilby 1673: 50) Cloth., var. '''khurta''', '''kurtha''' + 1 [Persian. a tunic, waistcoat, jacket & Hindi & Urdu ( < Persian.)] A loose shirt or tunic worn by Persian men and now esp. by Indians; a woman's dress resembling the man's kurta, popular in the West.</blockquote>
* According to Platt's ''A Dictionary of Urdu, Classical Hindi, and English'', 1884, online, updated 2015,<ref>{{citation |url=https://dsal.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/app/platts_query.py?qs=kurta&matchtype=default |author=Platts, John T. (John Thompson) |title=A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English |location=London |publisher=W. H. Allen & Co. |year=1884}} (online; updated February 2015)</ref> <blockquote>Persian کرته kurta, s.m. A shirt worn outside the drawers; a frock, a kind of tunic; a waistcoat or jacket.</blockquote>
* According to McGregor's ''Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary'':<ref name="McGregor1993">{{citation |last=McGregor |first=Ronald Stuart |title=The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MILAQgAACAAJ&pg=PA206 |year=1993 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-864339-5 |page=206}}</ref> <blockquote>कुरता ''kurtā'': (Persian. masculine), a collarless shirt</blockquote>
* According to Winer's ''Dictionary of the English/Creole of Trinidad & Tobago: On Historical Principles'', 2009,<ref name="Winer2009">{{citation |last=Winer |first=Lise |title=Dictionary of the English/Creole of Trinidad & Tobago: On Historical Principles |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_n82hsbDJBMC&q=kurti&pg=PA504 |year=2009 |pages=1072– |isbn=9780773576070}}</ref> <blockquote>'''kurti''', '''kurtee''' ''n'' A traditional form of Indian woman's long loose-fitting tunic, with long sleeves. /kurti/ * Usually the Kurti was longer than men's ''Kurta'', for sometimes it reached down [past] the knees. (Raghoo 1984:3) * She used to wear long dress and kurtee and tie a handkerchief on her head. (Deen 1994:167)</blockquote>
* According to Steingass's ''A Comprehensive Persian-English Dictionary'', 1892 (updated 2007) <blockquote>کرته kurta, A tunic, waistcoat, jacket; a long loose-skirted under-gown or shirt; a shirt. کرتی kurtī, A waistcoat for women, a short bodice reaching to the hips, with very short, if any sleeves, open under the throat; a soldier's jacket.<ref name=steingass-1021>{{citation |url=https://dsal.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/app/steingass_query.py?qs=kurta&matchtype=default |author=Steingass, Francis Joseph |title=A Comprehensive Persian-English dictionary, including the Arabic words and phrases to be met with in Persian literature |page=1021 |location=London |publisher=Routledge & K. Paul |year=1892}} (Updated 2007)</ref> Arabic قرطق qurt̤aq (Persian. كرته kurta), A kind of garment. Arabic قرطقة qartaqat (v.n. of قرطق), Putting the garment qurt̤aq on (any person).<ref name=steingass-964>{{citation |url=https://archive.org/details/comprehensiveper0000stei_d9o9/page/964/mode/1up |url-access=registration |author=Steingass, Francis Joseph |title=A Comprehensive Persian-English dictionary, including the Arabic words and phrases to be met with in Persian literature |page=964 |location=New Delhi |publisher=Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers |year=2000 |orig-year=First published 1892}} (Updated 2007)</ref></blockquote>

== History ==
[[File:Kurta closeup side open knot2.jpg|thumb|right|Close up of knot-and-loop button for a kurta with opening off the left shoulder, a relic of the ''qaba'' of the [[Ghaznavid]] period.<ref name="Rahman-Alkazi2002-467"/>]]

According to author Roshen Alkazi, stitched (''i.e.'' cut and sewn) attire came to South Asia from Central Asia. There was a trickle during the Scythian/Parthian/Kushan invasions of the late ancient period.<ref name="Rahman-Alkazi2002-465">{{citation |last=Alkazi |first=Roshen |editor-last=Rahman |editor-first=Abdur |title=India's Interaction with China, Central an-5d West Asia |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NZvpAAAAMAAJ |year=2002 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-565789-0 |pages=464–484 |chapter=Evolution of Indian Costume as a result of the links between Central Asia and India in ancient and medieval times}} Quote:"Taking the Kushan period as a starting point the changes that took place in Indian costume as a result of the connections with Uzbekistan in Central Asia are discussed The ordinary dress of the people of India till then had consisted usually of unstitched garments as ''antariya/dhoti'', ''uttariya/dupatta'' and a ''kayabandh/cummerbund'' with a turban for men. With the advent of the Kushans this was extended, and the fashion of wearing sewn garments of Central Asiatic pattern seems to have made headway with many classes of Indian in North India The cut-and-sewn garments which are rarely visible in the previous Mauryan and Sunga sculptures are more commonly found in this period. The Kushans under Kanishka spread their empire over large parts of Central Asia and India. The Kushans in AD 48 entered Gandhara under Kadphises and overthrew the Greeks. Later they took the Kabul valley from the Parthians and extended their empire to cover the Punjab. Sind, northern Gujarat. and part of Central Asia. Still later they annexed Kashmir and part of Chinese Turkestan. Kanishka (AD 120–162) was their greatest ruler. Although the Kushans ruled for almost three centuries, they never looked on India as their home. Detesting the heat of the plains they retired to Kashmir or Afghanistan in the summer. They wore the clothes of Central Asia which were cut and sewn and consisted of long padded coals and riding boots with spurs and pointed caps, totally different from the draped and unstitched garments worn by the Indians. (page 465)"</ref> with [[Mahmud of Ghazni]], the floodgates opening with the Muslim conquests of the late 12th century, until the kurta became an item of common attire during the early modern era.<ref name="Rahman-Alkazi2002-468-1">{{citation |last=Alkazi |first=Roshen |editor-last=Rahman |editor-first=Abdur |title=India's Interaction with China, Central and West Asia |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NZvpAAAAMAAJ |year=2002 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-565789-0 |pages=464–484 |chapter=Evolution of Indian Costume as a result of the links between Central Asia and India in ancient and medieval times}} Quote: "This exposure to a different mode of dress for four centuries in the ancient period and for six centuries under Islamic rulers later, created the varieties of cut and sewn garments which now form and intrinsic part of what today is called Indian costume. This applies particularly to the Deccan and the Northern parts of India. The South, however, retained the earlier draped and unstitched garments of ancient India, e.g., the ''antariya/dhoti'', the ''uttariya/dupatta'' and ''cummerband''/waist cloth. These cut and sewn garments of the invaders underwent dramatic changes evolving from simple Central Asian nomadic costume (both Kushan and the Turk Mongol peoples were horse-riding nomads) to the highly civilized, urban and decorative costume of the Mughal court and the day-to-day comfortable and relaxed dress of the common man of today called the ''kurta-pyjama'' (page 468)"</ref><ref name="Rahman-Alkazi2002-468-2">{{citation |last=Alkazi |first=Roshen |editor-last=Rahman |editor-first=Abdur |title=India's Interaction with China, Central and West Asia |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NZvpAAAAMAAJ |year=2002 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-565789-0 |pages=464–484 |chapter=Evolution of Indian Costume as a result of the links between Central Asia and India in ancient and medieval times}} Quote: "Timur's large empire in Central Asia influenced the garments worn at all Islamic courts including India. Babur who himself came from the Ferghana Valley in Uzbekistan was the first of the Mughals and he and his progeny continued exercising their influence on Indian costume right till the advent of the British. The role of the Mughals in creating new and fashionable modes of dress started to percolate to the masses in the same way that British costume did in a later period. What we see today in the trousers, shirts and coats is the British influence on Indian dress, just as the kurta, pyjama, salwar, achkan is that of Central Asia ..."</ref>

According to Alkazi:<ref name="Rahman-Alkazi2002-467">{{citation |last=Alkazi |first=Roshen |editor-last=Rahman |editor-first=Abdur |title=India's Interaction with China, Central and West Asia |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NZvpAAAAMAAJ |year=2002 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-565789-0 |pages=464–484 |chapter=Evolution of Indian Costume as a result of the links between Central Asia and India in ancient and medieval times}}</ref> <blockquote> ...In the Ghaznavid period, we have only one clear visual reference to their actual costume, those worn by the [[Mamluk]] (slave) palace guards of Mahmud of [[Ghazni]], in the wall paintings of Lashkari Bazaar in Afghanistan. They wear the ''qaba'' made of rich patterned textiles. This was a mid-calf length tunic with long narrow sleeves and ''tiraz''. The opening is from right to left and has a small loop for closing it higher at the left shoulder. This closing at the left shoulder was one of the earliest forms of neck closing and a relic of this is still seen in the Russian tunic and in the contemporary ''kurtas'' used in certain parts of India, both of which close at the left shoulder. (p 467) </blockquote>

==Styles==
[[File:Kurta closeup sandalwood buttons.jpg|thumb|right|Close up of front opening kurta with [[plackets]] and cuff links]]
[[File:Kurta ornate side open chikan2.jpg|thumb|right|A formal-wear kurta with off-centre placket opening and [[chikan (embroidery)|chikan]] embroidery]]
A traditional kurta is composed of rectangular fabric pieces with perhaps a few [[gusset]] inserts, and is cut so as to leave no waste fabric. The cut is usually simple, although decorative treatments can be elaborate.{{Citation needed|date=July 2019}}

The sleeves of a traditional kurta fall straight to the wrist; they do not narrow, as do many Western-cut sleeves. Sleeves are not [[Cuff#Shirt cuffs|cuffed]], just [[hem]]med and decorated.{{Citation needed|date=July 2019}}

The front and back pieces of a simple kurta are also rectangular. The side seams are left open for 6-12 inches above the hem, also referred to as the ''chāk'', which gives the wearer some ease of movement. (Note: ''chāk'' derives from the Persian "چاك ćāk, Fissure, cleft, rent, slit, a narrow opening intentionally left in clothes)."<ref>{{citation |url=https://dsalsrv04.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/app/platts_query.py?page=418 |author=Platts, John T. (John Thompson) |title=A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English |location=London |page=418 |publisher=W. H. Allen & Co. |year=1884 |access-date=2019-04-30 |archive-date=2021-02-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210224204345/https://dsalsrv04.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/app/platts_query.py?page=418 |url-status=dead}} (online; updated February 2015)</ref>

The kurta usually opens in the front; some styles, however, button at the shoulder seam. The front opening is often a hemmed slit in the fabric, tied or buttoned at the top; some kurtas, however, have [[placket]]s rather than slits. The opening may be centered on the chest, or positioned off center.

A traditional kurta does not have a collar. Modern variants may feature stand-up collars of the type known to tailors and seamstresses as "mandarin" collars. These are the same sort of collars seen on [[achkan]]s, [[sherwani]]s, and [[Nehru jacket]]s.{{Citation needed|date=July 2019}}

==Material==
[[File:Cotton-kurta-pant-and-dupatta-set-made-in-khari-print.jpg|right|thumb|Cotton kurta worn over matching cotton pants.]]
Kurtas worn in the summer months are usually made of thin silk or cotton fabrics; winter season kurtas are made of thicker fabric such as [[wool]] or "[[Khadi]] silk", a thick, coarse, handspun and handwoven silk that may be mixed with other fibers. A very common fabric for the kurta pajama is [[linen]], or a linen-cotton mix ideal for both summers and winters.{{Citation needed|date=July 2019}}

Kurtas are typically fastened with tasselled ties, cloth balls, and loops, or buttons. Buttons are often wood or plastic. Kurtas worn on formal occasions might feature decorative metal buttons, which are not sewn to the fabric, but, like [[cufflink]]s, are fastened into the cloth when needed. Such buttons can be decorated with jewels, enameling, and other traditional jewelers' techniques.{{Citation needed|date=July 2019}}

==Decoration==
Tailors from the South Asia command a vast repertoire of methods, traditional and modern, for decorating fabric. It is likely that all of them have been used, at one time or another, to decorate kurtas. However, the most common decoration is embroidery. Many light summer kurtas feature [[Chikan (embroidery)|Chikan]] embroidery, a specialty of [[Lucknow]], around the hems and front opening. This embroidery is typically executed on light, semi-transparent fabric in a matching thread.{{Citation needed|date=July 2019}}

==Regional variants==
Regional styles include the Bhopali, Hyderabadi, Lucknowi and straight-cut kurtas. The Bhopali kurta (taking its name from [[Bhopal]]) is a loose kurta with pleats at the waist, flowing like a skirt reaching midway between the knees and the ankles.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=h9-BAAAAMAAJ&q=punjabi+lucknowi+bhopali+hyderabadi+kurta Jamila Brij Bhushan (1958), ''The Costumes and Textiles of India'']</ref>{{refn|group=note|The Bhopali kurta was popular with the local royal families and is believed to have been adopted from the dress of [[Turkey]] by Sultan Jehan Begum<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=4yMqAAAAYAAJ&q=bhopali+kurta+from+turkey ''Cine Blitz'', Volume 29, Issue 1 (2003)]</ref> who reigned between 1901 and 1926 C.E.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=ZZKOBF2ST-0C&dq=Sultan+Jehan+Begum&pg=PA340 S.R. Bakshi and O.P. Ralha (2008), ''Madhya Pradesh Through the Ages'']</ref>}} The Hyderabadi kurta is named after the former royal state of [[Hyderabad State|Hyderabad]] and is a short top which sits around the waist, with a keyhole neck opening. It was popular with the local royal households.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=qYK1AAAAIAAJ&q=hyderabadi+kurta Kumar, Ritu (2006), ''Costumes and Textiles of Royal India'']</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=TS1uAAAAMAAJ&q=kurta- Mohan Lal Nigam, Anupama Bhatnagar (1997), ''Romance of Hyderabad Culture'']</ref> Traditionally, the Hyderabadi kurta was of white material,<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=ag1uAAAAMAAJ&q=kurta Javed, Arifa Kulsoom (1990), ''Muslim Society in Transition'']</ref> but modern versions can be of any colour. Over the kurta, some versions have net material, the combination of which is called ''jaali karga'', worn by men and women.<ref>Aslan, Reza (2011), ''Tablet & Pen: Literary Landscapes from the Modern Middle East'' (Words Without Borders): Literary Landscapes from the Modern Middle East [https://books.google.com/books?id=ZQXGAgAAQBAJ&dq=jaali+karga&pg=PA148]</ref>
The traditional [[Lucknow]]i kurta can either be short<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=7RCe2E5ch80C&q=+kurta&pg=PA119 Mukherji, P. C., ''The Pictorial Lucknow'' (1883)]</ref> or long, using as much as 12 yards of cloth.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=F4x9oVY-KoYC&q=kurti Ravi Bhatt. ''The Life and Times of the Nawabs of Lucknow'']</ref> The traditional Lucknowi kurta styles have an overlapping panel.<ref name="books.google.co.uk"/> However, the term "Lucknowi kurta" now applies to the straight-cut kurta embroidered using local [[Chikan (embroidery)|Chikan]] embroidery. Another style is the kali or kalidar kurta which is similar to a [[frock]] and has many panels.<ref name="books.google.co.uk">[https://books.google.com/books?id=Bfmxx6m0hqEC&dq=kali+kurta&pg=PA38 Karampuri, Aradhana (2005), ''Punjabi Dress Drafting and Cutting'']</ref> The kalidar kurta is made up of several geometrical pieces. It has two rectangular central panels in the back and the front.<ref>Bhandari, Vandana (2005), ''Costume, Textiles and Jewellery of India: Traditions in Rajasthan'' [https://books.google.com/books?id=nckSAQAAIAAJ&q=kalidar]</ref> The kali kurta is worn by men<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=ihtuAAAAMAAJ&q=kalidar+mens+kurta Rashtriya, ''Sahara'', Volume 2, Issue 2 (1991)]</ref> and women.

The straight-cut traditional kurta is known as a ''panjabi'' in [[Bangladesh]], [[West Bengal]] and [[Assam]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Fraser |first=Bashabi |author-link1=Bashabi Fraser |year=2008 |title=Bengal Partition Stories: An Unclosed Chapter |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zW30rV_UAskC&pg=PA619 |publisher=Anthem Press |page=619 |isbn=978-1-84331-225-3}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Redclift |first=Victoria |year=2013 |title=Statelessness and Citizenship: Camps and the Creation of Political Space |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BVxtNBjTaCgC&pg=PA178 |publisher=Routledge |page=178 |isbn=978-0-203-09687-1}}</ref> Local embroidery designs give a regional outlook to the traditional kurta. In [[Assam]], the Panjabi<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=moVlXosSoJQC&q=assam+panjabi+shirt Census of India, 1971: Series 3: Assam, Volume 6, Part 3]</ref> is worn with a scarf (Gamosa) using local prints. Other designs include [[Bengal]]i [[Kantha]] embroidery;<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=oNAwl-jS3gwC&dq=bengal+embroidery+kantha&pg=PA1 Naik, Shailaja D. (1996), ''Traditional Embroideries of India'']</ref> Multani crocheted designs of [[Multan]] ([[Punjab, Pakistan]]);<ref>''Official Journal of the European Communities: Legislation'', Volume 30, Issues 248-256 (1987) [https://books.google.com/books?id=AWcNAQAAMAAJ&q=sindhi+kurta+multani+kurta]</ref> the [[Phulkari]] kurta<ref>The Journal of industry and trade, Volume 21. Ministry of Commerce & Industry, Government of India., 1971 [https://books.google.com/books?id=zBQoAAAAMAAJ&q=phulkaria]</ref> using the Phulkari embroidery of the [[Punjab region]];<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=oNAwl-jS3gwC&dq=punjabi+phulkari&pg=PA103 Naik, Shailaja D. (1996), ''Traditional Embroideries of India'']</ref> [[Bandhani]] tye-dyeing of the [[Cholistan Desert]];<ref>Nasreen Askari, Liz Arthur, Paisley Museum and Art Galleries Merrell Holberton, (1999) Uncut cloth [https://books.google.com/books?id=FBJPAAAAMAAJ&q=origins+of+bandhani+dyeing+sindh]</ref> [[Delhi]] style kurtas which include the wooden beaded kurta and a kurta heavily laden with embroidery;<ref>''United States Treaties and Other International Agreements'', Volume 21, Part 3 (1971) [https://books.google.com/books?id=2JjIE5x0uggC&dq=hyderabad+kurta&pg=PA2171]</ref>

[[Sindhis|Sindhi]] kurtas called Pehran/Pehriyan in [[Sindhi language|Sindhi]] are made out of many [[Sindhi embroidery|Sindhi embroideries]] like Kacha, Pakka, Hurmuch, Muka, Pani etc, Sindhi kurtas are also made of applique called "Tuk ja Kurta"<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=EjTVAAAAMAAJ&q=Rilli+Kurta Pakistan Exports, Volume 28 (1977)]</ref><ref>{{Citation |title=Tunic |date=c. 1855 |url=https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O480355/tunic-unknown/?carousel-image=2014GY2243 |access-date=2024-03-27}}</ref> Sindhi kurtas utilise mirrors and the local art of [[bandhani]] (creating patterned textiles by resisting parts of a fabric by tying knots on it before it is dyed). Sindhi kurtas are worn by both men and women, the female kurtas are called "Padhri" which are tied at either side of shoulder are heavily embroidered with heavy embellishments like [[Shisha (embroidery)|mirrorwork]], [[Pom-pom|pompoms]] (phundra), [[sequin]]s, [[cowrie]]s, [[Seashell|shells]], [[bead]]s and [[button]]s,<ref>{{Citation |title=Pehran |date=c. 1900 |url=https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O453665/pehran-unknown/ |access-date=2024-03-27}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |title=Shirt |date=c. 1855 |url=https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O188208/shirt/ |access-date=2024-03-27}}</ref> the male kurtas are called Pehran or Pehriyan which are embroidered as well, and are collarless having either side neck or center necks.

Traditional Punjabi kurta of the Punjab region is wide and falls to the knees<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=3MNFAQAAIAAJ&q=kurta+mens+punjab ''Punjab District Gazetteers: Attock district, 1930''. Printed 1932]</ref> and is cut straight.<ref>Asoke Kumar Bhattacharyya, Pradip Kumar Sengupta (1991), ''Foundations of Indian Musicology: Perspectives in the Philosophy of Art and Culture'' [https://books.google.com/books?id=JMjpz-lAm0sC&dq=kurta+maharashtra&pg=PA113]</ref> The modern version of the regional kurta is the Muktsari kurta which originates from [[Muktsar]] in [[Punjab, India|Punjab]]. This modern Punjabi kurta is famous for its slim-fitting cuts and smart fit designs. It is very popular among young politicians.<ref>Puneet Pal Singh Gill (04.01.2012) ''The Chandigarh Tribune''. "Muktsari-style kurta pyjama a fad" [http://www.tribuneindia.com/2012/20120105/ldh1.htm]</ref>

{{Gallery
| title = Kurta styles
| align = center
| style = packed
| height = 200px
| File:Dom man2 kurta eastbengal1860.jpg
| A Dom man, East Bengal (Bangladesh), 1860
| File:Muslim scholar2 in kurta1860eastbengal.jpg
| Muslim scholar, East Bengal (Bangladesh), 1860
| File:Punjabi Sikh woman in Amritsar Punjabi suthan and short kurta 1874.jpg
| Punjabi woman in short kurta 1874
| File:Punjabi kurta Ferozepur 1845.jpg
| Man in kurta, [[Ferozepur]], 1845
| File:Pahari women kashmir3.jpg
| [[Pahari people (Kashmir)|Pahari]] (Hill) women, [[Kashmir]], 1890
| File:Blue_khadi_kurta.jpg
| A blue [[khadi]] kurta
| File:Kurta - Mens.jpg
| Men's kurta
| File:Man in Dhoti Kurta.JPG
| Man in dhoti kurta
| File:Kurta, India, 20th century, cotton blend - Saint Ignatius Church, San Francisco, CA - DSC02637.JPG
| Kurta, India, 20th century, cotton blend - Saint Ignatius Church, San Francisco, CA
}}

===Jeans and straight-cut kurta===
Kurtas are often worn with [[jeans]].<ref name=kurtis-jeans>[https://archive.today/20121216133710/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1040417/asp/calcutta/story_3131072.asp "Regal chic"], ''The Telegraph''k, [[Calcutta]], April 24, 2004. Quote: "The first sequence was a range of traditional [[sari]]s in silk and cotton, moving on to kurtis and jeans and short kurtas in silk and [[georgette (fabric)|georgette]]."</ref> Women sometimes wear kurtas as [[blouse]]s, usually over [[jeans pant]]s.<ref>[Yet, jeans are among the most comfortable outfits as they can go with just about anything, a short top or even a kurta.]</ref> Jeans are sometimes preferred over [[pajamas]] or [[leggings]] as they are more durable for rough use. Most colours of kurtas match with blue jeans.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/113573/comfort-dressing-their-mantra.html |title=Comfort dressing is their mantra |work=Deccan Herald |date=2010-11-17}}</ref> In 2014, an Indian family court in [[Mumbai]] ruled that a husband objecting to his wife wearing a kurta and jeans and forcing her to wear a [[sari]] amounts to cruelty inflicted by the husband and can be a ground to seek divorce.<ref name="gulfnews1">{{cite news |agency=Press Trust of India |url=http://gulfnews.com/news/asia/india/wife-s-jeans-ban-is-grounds-for-divorce-india-court-rules-1.1353273 |title=Wife's jeans ban is grounds for divorce, India court rules |work=Gulf News |date=2014-06-28 |access-date=2015-10-28}}</ref> The wife was thus granted a divorce on the ground of cruelty as defined under section 27(1)(d) of Special Marriage Act, 1954.<ref name="gulfnews1"/>

===Leggings and straight cut kurta===
Ladies' kurtas/blouses, along with leggings, are most popular in South Asia, and the community from South Asia in Singapore and [[Malaysia]].<ref>Jaime Koh, Stephanie Ho Ph.D (2009), ''Culture and Customs of Singapore and Malaysia'' [https://books.google.com/books?id=MWlFCQAAQBAJ&dq=kurta+malaysia&pg=PA109]</ref>

===Kurti===
In modern usage, a short kurta for women is referred to as the [[kurti top|kurti]]. However, traditionally, the kurti refers to [[waistcoat]]s,<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=WfYCAAAAQAAJ&dq=kurti+waistcoat&pg=PA260 Forbes, Duncan (1861), ''A Smaller Hindustani and English Dictionary'']</ref> jackets and blouses<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=debQiFq5jjgC&dq=kurti+waistcoat&pg=PA368 Bahri, Hardev (2006), ''Advanced Learner's Hindi English Dictionary'']</ref> which sit above the waist without side slits, and are believed to have descended from the tunic of the [[Shunga Empire|Shunga period]] (2nd century B.C.).<ref>Panjab University Research Bulletin: ''Arts'', Volume 13, Issue 1 - Volume 14, Issue (1982) [https://books.google.com/books?id=nvE7AQAAIAAJ&q=Shunga]</ref> Kurtis are typically much shorter than the traditional garments and made with lighter materials, like those used in sewing [[shalwar kameez|kameez]].{{Citation needed|date=July 2019}}

== See also ==
* [[Barong Tagalog]] (influenced from Kurta)
* [[Angarkha]]
* [[Áo dài]]
* [[Jama (coat)]]
* [[Khādī Development and Village Industries Commission]] ([[Khadi Gramodyog]])
* [[Thawb]]

== Explanatory notes ==
{{Reflist|group=note}}

== Citations ==
{{Reflist|25em}}

== General and cited references ==
* {{Cite book |last=Bhandari |first=Vandana |year=2004 |title=Costume Textiles and Jewellery of India: Traditions in Rajasthan |location=London |publisher=Mercury Books |isbn=1-904668-89-5 |oclc=58481881}} 192 pages.
* {{Cite book |last=Tarlo |first=Emma |year=1996 |title=Clothing Matters: Dress and Identity in India |url=https://archive.org/details/clothingmattersd0000tarl |location=Chicago |publisher=University of Chicago Press |isbn=0-226-78976-4 |oclc=32779537}} 382 pages.

== External links ==
* {{Commons category-inline|Kurtas}}

{{Clothing in South Asia}}

[[Category:Afghan clothing]]
[[Category:Bangladeshi clothing]]
[[Category:Indian clothing]]
[[Category:Pakistani clothing]]
[[Category:Tops (clothing)]]
[[Category:Folk costumes]]

Bermo subdivision

2026-03-25T03:37:10Z

Filmeekeeda: Added New Data - done

{{Infobox settlement
| name = Bermo subdivision
| other_name = 
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Subdivision
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Jharkhand#India
| pushpin_label_position = left
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Jharkhand, India
| coordinates = {{coord|23|47|N|85|57|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Jharkhand]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Bokaro district|Bokaro]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| seat_type = Headquarters
| seat = [[Tenu]]ghat
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 1,018,690
| population_as_of =
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi]], [[Urdu]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| registration_plate =
| website = {{URL|bokaro.nic.in/}}
| footnotes =
}}
'''Bermo subdivision''' is an [[Administrative divisions of India|administrative subdivision]] of the [[Bokaro district]] in the [[North Chotanagpur division]] in the state of [[Jharkhand]], [[India]].

==History==
Bokaro district was created on 1 April 1991 by taking out Chas and Chandankiyari CD blocks of Dhanbad district and the entire Bermo subdivision of Giridih district and merging them.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://bokaro.nic.in/about-district/ |title = About district – brief history of the district |publisher= Bokaro district | access-date = 1 June 2016}}</ref> Earlier, in 1972, Giridih district, including Bermo subdivision, was carved out of Hazaribagh district.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://giridih.nic.in/history/ |title = History |publisher= Giridih district | access-date = 1 June 2016}}</ref>

==Administrative set up==
Bokaro district has two subdivisions:<ref name=census2011>{{cite web| url = https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2010_PART_A_DCHB_BOKARO.pdf |title = District Census Handbook, Bokaro, Series 21, Part XII A | work= Table 1 Decadal change in population of tahsils by residence, 2001-2011 |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand, 2011 | access-date = 1 June 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = https://bokaro.nic.in/district-profile/ |title = Bokaro District | work= District Profile |publisher= Government of Jharkhand | access-date = 1 June 2021}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Subdivision ||Headquarters|| Area km2 || Population (2011) ||Rural population % (2011)||Urban population % (2011)
|-
|[[Bermo]]||[[Tenu]]ghat|| n/a ||1,018,690||59.98||40.02
|-
|[[Chas subdivision|Chas]]||[[Chas, Bokaro|Chas]]|| n/a ||1,043,640||44.81||55.19
|-
|[[Bokaro district]]||[[Bokaro Steel City]]||2,883||2,062,330||52.30||47.70
|}

{{OSM Location map
| width=610| height=330| zoom=10
| coord={{coord|23|41|0|N|86|4|0|E}}| float=left|caption='''Cities, towns and locations in Bokaro district in North Chotanagpur Division''' M: municipal town, CT: census town, R: rural/ urban centre, F: Factory, A: Coal Mining Area Abbreviation used: TPS – Thermal Power Station Owing to space constraints in the small map, the actual locations in a larger map may vary slightly
|mark-coord1={{coord|23|41|2|N|86|22|26|E}} | label-pos1=bottom|label1= Amlabad | numbered1=CT| mark-title1=[[Amlabad]] (CT)|label-color1=#800000 |label-size1=11| mark-size1=12|shape1=l-circle|shape-color1= #A40000|shape-outline1=white|label-offset-x1=2
|mark-coord2={{coord|23|38|39|N|86|26|46|E}} | label-pos2=bottom|label2= Bhojudih| numbered2=CT| mark-title2=[[Bhojudih]] (CT)
|mark-coord3={{coord|23|48|55|N|85|53|3|E}} | label-pos3=top|label3= Bokaro (Thermal)| numbered3=CT| mark-title3=[[Bokaro (Thermal)]] (CT)
|mark-coord4={{coord|23|48|0|N|85|55|22|E}} | label-pos4=top|label4= Kurpania| numbered4=CT| mark-title4=[[Kurpania]] (CT)
|mark-coord5={{coord|23|47|10|N|85|57|0|E}} | label-pos5=left|label5= Bermo| numbered5=CT| mark-title5=[[Bermo]] (CT)
|mark-coord6={{coord|23|45|30|N|85|55|40|E}} | label-pos6=right|label6= Jaridih Bazar| numbered6=CT| mark-title6=[[Jaridih Bazar]] (CT)
|mark-coord7={{coord|23|49|12|N|86|7|31|E}} | label-pos7=left|label7= Telo| numbered7=CT| mark-title7=[[Telo, Bokaro]] (CT)
|mark-coord8={{coord|23|47|50|N|86|6|35|E}} | label-pos8=right|label8= Narra| numbered8=CT| mark-title8=[[Narra, Bokaro]] (CT)
|mark-coord9={{coord|23|45|30|N|86|7|50|E}} | label-pos9=left|label9= Chandrapura| numbered9=CT| mark-title9=[[Chandrapura]] (CT)
|mark-coord10={{coord|23|46|16|N|86|3|20|E}} | label-pos10=right|label10= Termi| numbered10=CT| mark-title10=[[Termi]] (CT)
|mark-coord11={{coord|23|45|52|N|86|8|44|E}} | label-pos11=top|label11= Bursera| numbered11=CT| mark-title11=[[Bursera, Bokaro]] (CT)
|mark-coord12={{coord|23|46|10|N|86|9|40|E}} | label-pos12=right|label12= Sijhua| numbered12=CT| mark-title12=[[Sijhua]] (CT)
|mark-coord13={{coord|23|45|30|N|86|9|32|E}} | label-pos13=right|label13= Dugda| numbered13=CT| mark-title13=[[Dugda]] (CT)
|mark-coord14={{coord|23|40|12|N|86|9|0|E}} | label-pos14=right|label14= Bokaro Steel City| numbered14=CT| mark-title14=[[Bokaro Steel City]] (CT)
|mark-coord15={{coord|23|37|12|N|86|9|8|E}} | label-pos15=right|label15= Bandhgora| numbered15=CT| mark-title15=[[Bandhgora]] (CT)
|mark-coord16={{coord|23|48|48|N|85|49|23|E}} | label-pos16=left|label16= Gomia| numbered16=CT| mark-title16=[[Gomia]] (CT)
|mark-coord17={{coord|23|46|53|N|85|48|18|E}} | label-pos17=left|label17= Hasir| numbered17=CT| mark-title17=[[Hasir]] (CT)
|mark-coord18={{coord|23|43|50|N|85|44|0|E}} | label-pos18=bottom|label18= Lalpania| numbered18=CT| mark-title18=[[Lalpania]] (CT)
|mark-coord19={{coord|23|47|10|N|85|49|25|E}} | label-pos19=right|label19= Saram| numbered19=CT| mark-title19=[[Saram, Bokaro]] (CT)
|mark-coord20={{coord|23|44|50|N|85|50|39|E}} | label-pos20=right|label20= Tenudam-cum-Kathara| numbered20=CT| mark-title20 =[[Tenudam-cum-Kathara]] (CT)
|mark-coord21={{coord|23|39|55|N|86|0|58|E}} | label-pos21=left|label21= Bandh Dih| numbered21=CT| mark-title21=[[Bandh Dih]] (CT)
|mark-coord22={{coord|23|40|48|N|86|1|12|E}} | label-pos22=left|label22= Jena| numbered22=CT| mark-title22=[[Jena, Bokaro]] (CT)
|mark-coord23={{coord|23|40|38|N|86|3|23|E}} | label-pos23=top|label23= Tanr Balidih| numbered23=CT| mark-title23=[[Tanr Balidih]] (CT)
|mark-coord24={{coord|23|52|57|N|86|6|29|E}} | label-pos24=left|label24= Bhandra| numbered24=CT| mark-title24=[[Bhandra]] (CT)
|mark-coord25={{coord|23|44|0|N|85|50|50|E}} | label-pos25=right|label25= Tenu| numbered25=CT| mark-title25=[[Tenu]] (CT)
|mark-coord26={{coord|23|38|44|N|86|10|25|E}} | label-pos26=right|label26=Chas| numbered26=M| mark-title26= [[Chas, Bokaro|Chas]] (M) |label-color26=#800000
|mark-coord27={{coord|23|46|22|N|86|0|24|E}} | label-pos27=left|label27=Phusro| numbered27=M| mark-title27= [[Phusro]] (M) |label-size27=12 |label-color27=#800000
|mark-coord28={{coord|23|47|55|N|85|58|18|E}} | label-pos28=right|label28= CCL B&K Area | numbered28=A| mark-title28= [[Bokaro and Kargali Area]] (A) | label-size28=12|label-color28=#AA6666
|mark-coord29={{coord|23|47|10|N|85|58|38|E}} | label-pos29=right|label29= CCL Dhori Area| numbered29=A| mark-title29= [[Dhori Area]] (A) | label-size29=12|label-color29=#AA6666
|mark-coord30={{coord|23|45|50|N|85|53|12|E}} | label-pos30=left|label30= CCL Kathara Area| numbered30=A| mark-title30= [[Kathara Area]] (A) |label-size30=12|label-color30=#AA6666
|mark-coord31={{coord|23|43|50|N|85|45|0|E}} | label-pos31=top|label31= Tenughat TPS| numbered31=F| mark-title31= [[Tenughat Thermal Power Station]] |shape-color31=#967117
|mark-coord32={{coord|23|48|0|N|85|52|48|E}} | label-pos32=left|label32= Bokaro B TPS| numbered32=F| mark-title32= [[Bokaro Thermal Power Station B]] |shape-color32=#967117
|mark-coord33={{coord|23|38|50|N|86|7|40|E}} | label-pos33=left|label33= Bokaro Steel Plant| numbered33=F| mark-title33= [[Bokaro Steel Plant]] |shape-color33=#967117
|mark-coord34={{coord|23|34|41|N|86|21|35|E}} | label-pos34=left|label34= Chandankiyari| numbered34=R|mark-title34=[[Chandankiyari]] (R) |shape-color34= #C40000
|mark-coord35={{coord|23|38|2|N|86|18|16|E}} | label-pos35=left|label35= Siyaljori| numbered35=R|mark-title35=[[Siyaljori]] (R) |shape-color35= #C40000
|mark-coord36={{coord|23|30|56|N|86|12|9|E}} | label-pos36=left|label36= Pindrajora| numbered36=R|mark-title36=[[Pindrajora]] (R) |shape-color36= #C40000
|mark-coord37={{coord|23|42|9|N|85|40|6|E}} | label-pos37=right|label37= Mahuatand| numbered37=R|mark-title37=[[Mahuatand]] (R) |shape-color37= #C40000
|mark-coord38={{coord|23|36|44|N|85|56|6|E}} | label-pos38=right|label38= Kasmar| numbered38=R|mark-title38=[[Kasmar]] (R) |shape-color38= #C40000
|mark-coord39={{coord|23|51|32|N|86|2|31|E}} | label-pos39=left|label39= Nawadih| numbered39=R|mark-title39=[[Nawadih]] (R) |shape-color39= #C40000
|mark-coord40={{coord|23|37|17|N|85|51|4|E}} | label-pos40=top|label40= Petarwar| numbered40=R|mark-title40=[[Petarwar]] (R) |shape-color40= #C40000
|mark-coord41={{coord|23|44|0|N|85|49|50|E}}| label41= Tenughat|labela41= Dam| label-color41 = #C42222 | label-angle41=0| label-pos41=left| label-size41=10| mark-size41=12| numbered41=D|mark-title41 =[[Tenughat Dam]]| shape-color41=#C42222
|mark-coord42={{coord|23|42|40|N|86|7|0|E}} |label42= Damodar River |label-color42 = #77A1CB| label-angle42=9| label-pos42=top| label-size42=10| mark-size42=0| mark-title42 =none
|mark-coord43={{coord|23|51|30|N|85|49|0|E}} |label43= Konar |labela43= River|label-color43 = #77A1CB| label-angle43= 60| label-pos43=top| label-size43=10| mark-size43=0| mark-title43 =none
|mark-coord44={{coord|23|47|50|N|85|43|0|E}} |label44= Bokaro |labela44= River|label-color44 = #77A1CB| label-angle44= 10| label-pos44=top| label-size44=10| mark-size44=0| mark-title44 =none
|arc-coordA={{coord|23|30|0|N|86|24|0|E}}|arc-textA= WEST BENGAL| arc-text-colorA=hard grey| arc-angleA=-75| arc-gapA=2.5| arc-radiusA=0.4}}

===Urban frame===
[[Phusro]] is the only statutory town in Bermo subdivision. It has 21 [[census towns]]: [[Bhandra]], [[Telo, Bokaro|Telo]], [[Narra, Bokaro|Narra]], [[Chandrapura]], [[Bursera, Bokaro|Bursera]], [[Dugda]], [[Sijhua]], [[Termi]], [[Bermo]], [[Kurpania]], [[Bokaro (Thermal)]], [[Gomia]], [[Saram, Bokaro|Saram]], [[Hasir]], [[Jaridih Bazar]], [[Tenudam-cum-Kathara]], [[Tenu]], [[Lalpania]], [[Jena, Bokaro|Jena]], [[Bandh Dih]] and [[Tanr Balidih]].<ref>{{cite web| url = https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2010_PART_A_DCHB_BOKARO.pdf |title = District Census Handbook, Bokaro, Series 21, Part XII A | work= Table 7 Sex ration of towns, 2011 |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand, 2011 | access-date = 1 June 2021}}</ref>

The percentage of the population living in the urban areas is very high in [[Bermo block|Bermo]] CD block at 97.78%, and it is reasonably high in [[Chandrapura (community development block)|Chandrapura]] CD block at 63.09% and in [[Gomia block|Gomia]] CD block at 43.38%.<ref name=census2011/>

===Rural frame===
There are 363 inhabited villages in Bermo subdivision.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2010_PART_A_DCHB_BOKARO.pdf |title = District Census Handbook, Bokaro, Series 21, Part XII A | work= Table 2 Number and percentage of inhabited villages in specified population ranges with the related population, 2011 Rural |publisher = Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand, 2011 | access-date = 1 June 2021}}</ref>

==Police stations==
Police stations in Bermo subdivision were at:<ref>{{cite web| url = https://jhpolice.gov.in/| title = District Police Profile - Bokaro| publisher = Jharkhand Police| accessdate = 1 June 2021| archive-date = 17 May 2021| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210517061135/https://www.jhpolice.gov.in/| url-status = dead}}</ref>
#[[Bermo]]
#[[Chandrapura]]
#[[Dugda]]
#[[Gomia]]
#IEL
#[[Jaridih Bazar|Jaridih]]
#[[Kasmar]]
#[[Mahuatand]]
#[[Nawadih]]
#[[Petarwar]]
#[[Pindrajora]]

==Blocks==
Community development blocks in Bermo subdivision are<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/2010_PART_B_DCHB_BOKARO.pdf |title = District Census Handbook, Bokaro, Series 21, Part XII B | work= District Primary Census Abstract, pages 24-25|publisher= | access-date = 16 June 2019}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! CD block ||Headquarters|| Area km2|| Population (2011) ||[[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|SC]] %||[[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|ST]] %||Literacy rate %||Census Towns
|-
|[[Nawadih block|Nawadih]]||[[Nawadih]]||318.03||138,454||13.34||12.53||52.51||[[Bhandra]]
|-
|[[Chandrapura (community development block)|Chandrapura]]||[[Chandrapura]]||121.08||132,162||11.29||8.52||65.08||[[Telo, Bokaro|Telo]], [[Narra, Bokaro|Narra]], [[Chandrapura]], [[Termi]], [[Bursera, Bokaro|Bursera]], [[Sijua, Bokaro|Sijua]], [[Dugda]]
|-
|[[Bermo block|Bermo]]||[[Bermo]]||57.74||100,599||14.61||6.50||69.13||[[Bokaro (Thermal)]], [[Kurpania]], [[Bermo]], [[Jaridih Bazar]]
|-
|[[Gomia block|Gomia]]||[[Gomia]]||670.49||23,118||12.45||20.24||55.46||[[Gomia]], [[Hasir]], [[Lalpania]], [[Saram, Bokaro|Saram]], [[Tenudam-cum-Kathara]]
|-
|[[Petarwar block|Petarwar]]||[[Petarwar]]||305.64||132150||14.85||29.09||52.93||[[Tenu]]ghat
|-
|[[Kasmar block|Kasmar]]||[[Kasmar]]||195.26||89,974||10.91||15.05||55.98|| -
|-
|[[Jaridih block|Jaridih]]||[[Bandhdih]]||207.52||104,988||10.72||30.67||58.80||[[Bandh Dih]], [[Jena, Bokaro|Jena]], [[Tanr Balidih]]
|-
|}

==Economy==
===Collieries===
Projects of the [[Central Coalfields]] in Bermo subdivision are given below:<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.centralcoalfields.in/areas/bkkrgli.php |title = Central Coalfields Limited | work= Areas – Bokaro & Kargali, Dhori, Katharara |publisher= CCL| accessdate = 18 December 2020}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Operational Area||Collieries
|-
|[[Bokaro and Kargali Area]]||Bokaro open cast, Kargali open cast, Kargali underground, Karo opencast, Karo underground, Khas Mahal opencast, Khas Mahal underground, Karo Special underground, Giridih opencast*, Kabribad opencast*, Kargali washery. The area office is at Kargali, PO Bermo 829104
|-
|[[Dhori Area]]||Amlo opencast, Dhori open cast, Selected Dhori Quarry No. I open cast, Selected Dhori Quarry No. III open cast, New Selected Dhori underground, Dhori Khas underground. The area office is at Dhori, PO Dhori 825102.
|-
|[[Kathara Area]]||Kathara open cast, Jarangdih opencast, Jarangdih underground, Sawang opencast/ underground, Govindpur underground, Kathara Washery, Swang Washery. The area office is at Kathara, PO Kathara 829116.
|}

.*Located outside the subdivision

Damoda colliery in the [[Barora Area]] of [[Bharat Coking Coal Limited|BCCL]] is in Bermo subdivision.<ref name=baroraarea>{{cite web| url = http://www.bcclweb.in/?page_id=1712| title = Barora Area| publisher = Bharat Coking Coal Limited| accessdate = 19 June 2019| archive-date = 10 August 2020| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200810015951/http://www.bcclweb.in/?page_id=1712| url-status = dead}}</ref>

Dugda Coal Washery of [[Bharat Coking Coal|BCCL]] at [[Dugda]] has two units: Dugda I with annual capacity of 1 million tonnes per year washes non-coking coal, Dugda II with annual capacity of 2 million tonnes per year washes coking coal.<ref name=bccl>{{cite web | url = http://www.bccl.gov.in/?page_id=248 | title = Bharat Coking Coal Limited | work = Washery | publisher = BCCL | access-date = 5 December 2015 | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151208114110/http://www.bccl.gov.in/?page_id=248 | archive-date = 8 December 2015 }}</ref>

===Tenughat Dam===
The four main multipurpose dams of the [[Damodar Valley Corporation]], located at [[Tilaiya]], [[Konar Dam|Konar]], [[Maithon]] and [[Panchet]] were commissioned during 1953–1959. In addition, a single purpose reservoir on the main stream, the [[Damodar River|Damodar]], at [[Tenu]]ghat (with live storage 224 million m3 and without provision for flood storage) was constructed later in 1974.<ref>{{cite web|url = http://iahs.info/redbooks/a230/iahs_230_0095.pdf | title = Regulation of a multipurpose reservoir system: Damodar Valley, India |author1=Debasri Roy |author2=Sandip Mukherjee |author3=Balaram Bose | access-date = 2010-06-08 }}</ref> While the four earlier dams are controlled by Damodar Valley Corporation, [[Tenughat Dam]] is controlled by the Government of Jharkhand.<ref>{{cite web|url =http://www.apfm.info/publications/casestudies/cs_india_full.pdf | title = Integrated Flood Management Case Study1 India: Flood Management – Damodar River Basin |publisher = World Meteorological Organization | access-date = 2010-06-08 }}</ref>

===Thermal Power Plants===
[[Bokaro (Thermal)]] has two power plants:
*'''BTPS 'A'''' was started in 1952 and closed down on 17 July 2000 for violating pollution norms. A new efficient 500MW has been set up in May 2016.
*'''[[Bokaro Thermal Power Station B|BTPS 'B']] '''has an installed capacity of 630 MW. The first unit was commissioned in March 1986. The station is located on the banks of the [[Konar River]] near Bokaro ‘A’ Thermal Power Station.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dvcindia.org/Bokarob.htm |title=Bokaro Thermal Power Station B |publisher=Damodar Valley Corporation. |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720015147/http://www.dvcindia.org/Bokarob.htm |archivedate=2011-07-20 }}</ref>

'''[[Chandrapura Thermal Power Station]]''' is a thermal power plant located in [[Chandrapura]], operated by the [[Damodar Valley Corporation]]. It has 3 units with a total installed capacity of 630 '''MW'''. All of the units are coal-based.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dvc.gov.in/powerplants.htm |title=Damodar Valley Corporation |accessdate=2014-03-19 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140227195833/http://www.dvc.gov.in/powerplants.htm |archivedate=2014-02-27 }}</ref>

'''[[Tenughat Thermal Power Station]]''' is a [[coal]]-based thermal power plant located at [[Lalpania]], owned by Jharkhand State owned Tenughat Vidyut Nigam Limited,<ref name="tvnlonline">{{cite web|url=http://www.tvnlonline.com/organization.htm|title=Organization|publisher=tvnlonline.com|accessdate=2014-08-21}}</ref>
with an installed capacity of 420 MW (2x210 MW).<ref name="jharkhandindustry">{{cite web|url=http://jharkhandindustry.gov.in/power.html|title=Jharkhand Industry|publisher=jharkhandindustry.gov.in|accessdate=2014-08-21|archive-date=2014-08-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140824071715/http://jharkhandindustry.gov.in/power.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>

===Explosives===
Indian Explosives Ltd. set up a plant at [[Gomia]] in 1954.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.business-standard.com/company/akzo-nobel-266/information/company-history |title = Akzo Nobel India Ltd. – Company History |publisher= Business Standard | access-date = 5 December 2015}}</ref>

==Education==
In 2011, in Bermo subdivision out of a total 363 inhabited villages there were 63 villages with pre-primary schools, 340 villages with primary schools, 193 villages with middle schools, 51 villages with secondary schools, 23 villages with senior secondary schools, 6 locations with general degree colleges, 2 locations with non-formal training centres, 3 locations with vocational training institutes, 1 polytechnic, 20 villages with no educational facility.<ref name=directory>{{cite web | url = https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2010_PART_A_DCHB_BOKARO.pdf | title=District Census Handbook, Bokaro |work = Page 341, Appendix I: Directory | publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, Jharkhand. | access-date = 15 June 2021}}</ref>
 .*Senior secondary schools are also known as Inter colleges in Jharkhand

===Educational institutions===
The following institutions are located in Bermo subdivision:
*Krishna Ballav Mahavidyalaya, established in 1964, at [[Bermo]].<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.kbcollegebermo.in/ | title = Krishna Ballav College, Bermo | publisher = KBM | access-date = 15 June 2021}}</ref>
*Jhabbu Singh Memorial College, established in 1980, at [[Phusro]].<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.boardunivresult.in/2013/09/jsm-college-phusro-results-courses-time.html | title = Board Univ Result | publisher = JSMC | access-date = 15 June 2021}}</ref>

(Information about degree colleges with proper reference may be added here)

==Healthcare==
In 2011, in Bermo subdivision there were 16 villages with primary health centres, 69 villages with primary health subcentres, 17 villages with maternity and child welfare centres, 11 villages with allopathic hospitals, 20 villages with dispensaries, 5 villages with veterinary hospitals, 11 villages with family welfare centres, 38 villages with medicine shops.<ref name=directory/>
 .*Private medical practitioners, alternative medicine etc. not included

===Medical facilities===
(Anybody having referenced information about location of government/ private medical facilities may please add it here)

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Bokaro District}}
{{North Chotanagpur Division topics}}

[[Category:Subdivisions of Jharkhand]]

V. Mahendrao

2026-03-25T01:47:33Z

Filmeekeeda: New A Bio - done

{{Short description|Indian civil servant and administrator}}
{{Orphan|date=September 2019}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific_prefix =
| name = V. Mahendrao
| honorific_suffix =
| image =
| image_size = 200px
| order1 = [[List of administrators of Mahe|Administrator of Mahe]]
| term_start1 = July 10, 1979
| term_end1 = April 14, 1980
| | predecessor1 = [[D. S. Negi]]
| successor1 = [[K. Ramachandran]]
| birth_date =
| death_date =
}}

'''V. Mahendrao''' was an Indian civil servant and administrator. He was the administrator of [[Mahé, India|Mahe]] from July 10, 1979, to April 14, 1980.

== References ==
* {{cite web|title=Regional Administrators of Mahe|url=http://mahe.gov.in/update/admin%5B1%5D.html|publisher=Government of Pondicherry|access-date=2011-09-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110926000746/http://mahe.gov.in/update/admin%5B1%5D.html|archive-date=2011-09-26|url-status=dead}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mahendrao, V.}}
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian civil servants]]
[[Category:Place of birth missing (living people)]]

{{India-bio-stub}}
{{Gov-bio-stub}}

Rina Banerjee

2026-03-23T01:48:09Z

Filmeekeeda: added info

{{Short description|American artist and sculptor (born 1963)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2018}}
{{Infobox artist
| name = Rina Banerjee
| image = RBanerjee Portrait.jpg
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = June 5, 1963
| birth_place = [[Calcutta]], [[West Bengal]], [[India]] (now [[Kolkata]], West Bengal)
| spouse =
| field =
| training =
| known_for = <nowiki>[[Sculpture], [Painting]]</nowiki>
| movement =
| works =
| patrons =
| awards =
| elected =
| website = {{URL|http://rinabanerjee.com}}
| bgcolour =
| signature =
}}
'''Rina Banerjee''' (born 1963) is an [[Indian Americans|Indian-American]] artist and sculptor.<ref name="Bio">[https://rinabanerjee.com/links.html "Bio"], Rinabanerjee.com, Retrieved online 17 October 2018.</ref> She currently lives and works in New York City.<ref name="Bio"/> Her ambitious mid-career survey exhibition, ''Make Me a Summary of the World''––co-organized by and exhibited at the [[Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts]] and the [[San Jose Museum of Art]]––opened in 2018 and is slated to travel to the [[Fowler Museum at UCLA]], the [[Frist Art Museum]] in Nashville, TN, and the [[Nasher Museum of Art]] at Duke University, Durham, NC through July 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-11-05 |title=Exhibitions + Collection - Rina Banerjee: Make Me a Summary of the World |url=https://sjmusart.org/exhibition/rina-banerjee-make-me-summary-world |access-date=2020-09-22 |website=San José Museum of Art |language=en}}</ref>

==Early life and career==
In 1963, Banerjee was born in a [[Bengalis|Bengali]] family in [[Kolkata|Calcutta]] (now [[Kolkata]]) in the [[India]]n state of [[West Bengal]].<ref>[http://rinabanerjee.com/home.html Home page], Rinabanerjee.com.</ref> She grew up in [[London]], Manchester and [[Queens, New York]],<ref>https://rinabanerjee.com/page/4-About%20.html</ref><ref name="Artforum 2011">{{Cite web |last=Jumabhoy |first=Zehra |date=22 June 2011 |title=Rina Banerjee discusses her exhibition at Musée Guimet |url=https://www.artforum.com/interviews/rina-banerjee-discusses-her-exhibition-at-musee-guimet-28485 |access-date=21 July 2022 |website=Art Forum |language=en-US}}</ref> and has lived in the [[United States]] ever since. She was previously married to Columbia Professor [https://www.cheme.columbia.edu/faculty/sanat-kumar Sanat Kumar],<ref>{{Cite news |last=Williams |first=Stephen P. |date=2006-12-24 |title=After Years Apart, a Family Is Reunited in a Brownstone |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/12/24/realestate/24habi.html |access-date=2025-06-05 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> with whom she had one child, Ananya. She remarried in 2023 to Peggy Reynolds.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Peggy Reynolds, Rina Banerjee at The Art Show 2024 Benefit Preview |url=https://bfa.com/home/photo/6724985?page=1&people=rina-banerjee |access-date=2025-06-05 |website=bfa.com |language=en}}</ref>

Banerjee has mentioned in interviews that the inspiration for her art comes from her childhood memories of visiting her grandfather during his homeopathic treatments. Many of the images and visuals from her visits with her grandfather have stayed with her and can be seen in her art work. She likes her artwork to be not static, but ever changing.<ref name="SGpost">{{Cite news |last=Shetty |first=Deepika |date=3 February 2014 |title=Suggestive sculptures that move by New York-based artist Rina Banerjee |work=The Straits Times Communities |url=http://www.stcommunities.sg/entertainment/arts/news/suggestive-sculptures-move-new-york-based-artist-rina-banerjee |url-status=dead |access-date=4 March 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150328234520/http://www.stcommunities.sg/entertainment/arts/news/suggestive-sculptures-move-new-york-based-artist-rina-banerjee |archive-date=28 March 2015}}</ref> She completed an [[Master of Fine Arts|M.F.A.]] in Painting and Printmaking from [[Yale School of Art]], [[Yale University]] in 1995, after graduating from [[Case Western Reserve University]], [[Ohio]] with a [[Bachelor of Science|B.S.]] in [[Polymer Engineering]].<ref name="Artforum 2011" /> Banerjee's work has been exhibited at the [[Bronx Museum of the Arts]], the [[Whitney Museum of American Art]], and other notable museums.

== Exhibitions ==
[[File:Lady of Commerce - wooden.jpg|thumb|''Lady of Commerce - wooden. Hers is a transparent beauty, her eager sounds, her infinite and clamorous land and river, ocean and island, earth and sky...all contained, bottled for delivery to open an hole, a commerce so deep while large her arms fool stretched too wide and her sulfurous halo - a ring of glass, metal, stone retire to a sun of fire'' (2012), [[National Museum of Women in the Arts]], Washington, D.C.]]
Below is a list of some of Banerjee's solo and group exhibits.<ref name=":1" />

* 1998: ''Home within a Harem'', Colgate University Gallery, NY
* 2000: ''Auf Weidersehen,'' Admit One, [[Chelsea, Manhattan|Chelsea]], NY<ref name=":0" /> — Banerjee uses Asian and Western materials. The exhibit has plastic tubing that runs along the walls and ending which end with rotten-looking fruit and leaves. The plants in the show represent tropical plants that were taken by western settlers to bring to other countries; some of the plants didn't translate well to other land while some blossomed. The room is also filled with a thick webbing which is meant to represent a digestive system, and within the system colorful ritual powder and spices are captured.<ref name=":0" />
* 2001: ''Antenna'', Bose Pacia Modern, New York
* 2001: ''Phantasmal Pharmacopeia'', Debs & Company, [[Chelsea, Manhattan|Chelsea]], NY<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |last=Cotter |first=Holland |date=16 June 2000 |title=ART IN REVIEW; Rina Banerjee |pages=Section E, Page 33 |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2000/06/16/arts/art-in-review-rina-banerjee.html |access-date=4 March 2015}}</ref>
* 2002: ''Phantasmal Pharmacopeia'', curated by Susette Min, [[Painted Bride Art Center]], Philadelphia, PA (catalogue)
* 2006: ''Fantasies without travel will travel'', AMT Gallery, Como, Italy
* 2007: ''Foreign Fruit'', Galerie [[Nathalie Obadia]], Paris
* 2007: ''"Where the Wild Things Are" ...is no place at all and all places that cannot be lived in but visited, realized out of our careful, playful and tenacious tourism of others, realized as our mobility wanders too far'', [[Volker Diehl|Galerie Volker Diehl]], Berlin (2007)<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://rinabanerjee.com/page/3-CV.html|title=CV|website=rinabanerjee.com|access-date=2018-03-03|archive-date=4 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180304054830/http://rinabanerjee.com/page/3-CV.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Rina Banerjee - Artist Biography |url=http://www.lalouver.com/html/gallery-history-images/artist-biographies/rina-banerjee-biography.pdf |access-date=3 March 2018 |website=LA Louver}}</ref>
* 2008: ''Distant Nearness'' (with [[Bharti Kher]] and [[Subodh Gupta]]), [[Nerman Museum of Contemporary Art]], Kansas City, KS
* 2008: ''Allure'', Gallery Espace, [[New Delhi]], India
* 2009: ''Look into my eyes and you will see a world unexplainable, out of place'', Galerie Nathalie Obadia, Brussels
* 2009: ''Rina Banerjee and Raqib Shaw'', Thomas Gibson Ltd., London<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Shaw |first1=Raqib |title=Raqib Shaw - Rina Banerjee October 7th - 28th 2009, Thomas Gibson Fine Art Ltd. |last2=Banerjee |first2=Rina |last3=Thomas Gibson Fine Art |date=2009 |publisher=Thomas Gibson Fine Art |location=London |language=English |oclc=906974923}}</ref>
* 2010: ''Forever Foreign'', [[Haunch of Venison]], London — Banerjee's first solo show in the UK.<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 April 2010 |title=First UK Solo Show of Bengali-American Artist Rina Banerjee at Haunch of Venison |url=http://artdaily.com/index.asp?int_sec=11&int_new=37384&int_modo=2 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304191716/http://artdaily.com/index.asp?int_sec=11&int_new=37384&int_modo=2#.VtnfRoTP2Uk |archive-date=4 March 2016 |website=Art Daily}}</ref>
* 2011: ''Chimeras of India & the West'', [[Musée Guimet]], [[Paris]]<ref name="Artforum 2011" />
* 2011: ''Imagining the other half of the world from here'', Galerie Nathalie Obadia, Paris
* 2012: ''Creationismʼs Kiss'', Galerie Nathalie Obadia, Brussels<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rina Banerjee {{!}} 7 September - 17 November 2012 - Installation Views |url=https://www.nathalieobadia.com/exhibitions/73-rina-banerjee-creationisms-kiss/installation_shots/ |access-date=21 July 2022 |website=Galerie Nathalie Obadia |language=en}}</ref>
* 2012: ''A World of Lies'', Galerie Espace, Hong Kong, China
* 2013: ''Bowerbirdnest'', Future Perfect, Singapore
* 2013: ''A world lost'', The Smithsonian Sackler Gallery, Washington, D.C.
* 2013: ''What am I made of and how do you know my name?'', Ota Fine Art, Tokyo
* 2013: ''Seven Sisters,'' Jenkins Johnson Gallery, San Francisco, CA
* 2014: ''Of Men and Worlds'', curated by Alain Berland, [[Collège des Bernardins|College des Bernardins]], Paris<ref>{{Cite web |date=2014 |title=Des hommes, des mondes |url=https://www.collegedesbernardins.fr/content/des-hommes-des-mondes |access-date=21 July 2022 |website=Collège des Bernardins |language=fr |archive-date=22 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220722014650/https://www.collegedesbernardins.fr/content/des-hommes-des-mondes |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* 2014: ''Disgust'', [[L.A. Louver]], [[Venice, Los Angeles|Venice]], CA — Her four sculptures in this show are made from an uncountable number of small objects that are wired and strung together. She uses cowry shells, rooster feathers, gourds, acrylic horns, glass vials, silk, and many other objects.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Decolonizing culture: essays on the intersection of art and politics|last=Vikram|first=Anuradha|publisher=Art Practical + Sming Sming Books|year=2017|isbn=9780998500652|edition= First |location=San Francisco|pages=103–105|oclc=1007152194}}</ref> Her sculptures could be either human or animal, still life or moving. It seems as though Banerjee does not look through junk to find materials for her art, but instead will selectively choose what she wants by ordering her materials off of specialty sites. This selective process she uses emphasizes the global culture of her art, and how she has many different pieces from all over the world, all of which form one cohesive work of art.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Pagel |first=David |date=14 May 2014 |title=Review Rina Banerjee "Disgust" at LA Louvre |work=[[Los Angeles Times]] |url=http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/arts/culture/la-et-cm-art-review-rina-banerjee-disgust-at-la-louver-20140513-story.html}}</ref>
* 2015: ''Migrations Breath'', OTA Fine Arts, Gillman Barracks, [[Singapore]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rina Banerjee: Migration's Breath - Presented by Ota Fine Arts |url=https://www.artsy.net/show/ota-fine-arts-rina-banerjee-migrations-breath |access-date=2018-03-03 |website=Artsy |language=en}}</ref> — Colorful yet suggestive pieces of art, which seem to change with different angles or positions. She uses many objects in her works such as Indian sarees, glass bottles, and seashells. Critics have suggested that some of the names of Banerjee's artwork carry sexual implications. For example, the piece ''She Drew A Premature Prick'' and many of the pieces have been suggested to represent reproductive organs. Banerjee has said that she enjoys the way that artwork can be fluid and how one's perspective could change with something so simple as wind blowing.<ref name="SGpost" />
*2019: ''Rina Banerjee: Make Me a Summary of the World'', Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, Philadelphia;<ref>{{Cite web |last=Stamler |first=Hannah |date=March 2019 |title=Rina Banerjee - The Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts Museum |url=https://www.artforum.com/print/reviews/201903/rina-banerjee-78681 |access-date=2019-03-22 |website=Art Forum |language=en-US}}</ref> Traveling to San Jose Museum of Art, San Jose, CA; Fowler Museum at University of California, Los Angeles, CA; Frist Art Museum, Nashville, TN; Nasher Museum of Art at Duke University, Durham, NC
*2019: ''Rina Banerjee: Blemish'', Hosfelt Gallery, San Francisco
*2020: ''Irresistible Earth'', an uncontrollable and unconditional love is bestowed to us upon birth. Love for nature infinitely ripening, delicious and dangerous, their fruits, a fermented and fresh gorgeous beauty..., Galerie Nathalie Obadia, Brussels, Belgium
*2020: ''Vapor, Thread, Fire and Earth'', between ground and sky Masculine Mythologies and Feminine Escapes, [[Museum of Contemporary Art Jacksonville|Museum of Contemporary Art]] (MOCA), Jacksonville, FL
*2020: ''Make Me A Summary of the World'', Traveling Solo Retrospective: curated by Jodi Throckmorton and Lauren Dickens, Frist Art Museum, Nashville, TN
*2023: ''Take Me to the Palace of Love'', [[Syracuse University Art Museum]], Syracuse, New York<ref>{{Cite web |title=Take Me to the Palace of Love - Art Museum – Syracuse University |url=https://museum.syr.edu/exhibition/past-exhibitions/rina-banerjee/ |access-date=2026-03-23 |website=museum.syr.edu}}</ref>
*2023-2024: ''Spirit in the Land'', organized by the [[Nasher Museum of Art]] at Duke University, North Carolina; traveling to the [[Pérez Art Museum Miami]], Florida.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Spirit in the Land |url=https://nasher.duke.edu/exhibitions/spirit-in-the-land/ |access-date=2024-02-28 |website=Nasher Museum of Art at Duke University |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Spirit in the Land • Pérez Art Museum Miami |url=https://www.pamm.org/en/exhibition/spirit-in-the-land/ |access-date=2024-02-28 |website=Pérez Art Museum Miami |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Schoonmaker |first=Trevor |title=Spirit in the land: Exhibition, Nasher Museum of Art at Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, 2023 |date=2023 |publisher=Nasher Museum of Art at Duke University |isbn=978-0-938989-45-5 |location=Durham, North Carolina}}</ref>
*2026: ''Rina Banerjee: Take me, take me, take me . . . to the Palace of love'', [[Yale Center for British Art]], New Haven, Connecticut<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rina Banerjee: Take me, take me, take me . . . to the Palace of love {{!}} Yale Center for British Art |url=https://britishart.yale.edu/exhibitions-programs/rina-banerjee-take-me-take-me-take-me-palace-love |access-date=2026-03-23 |website=britishart.yale.edu |language=en}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{wikiquote}}

*[https://www.artsy.net/artist/rina-banerjee Rina Banerjee] at [[Artsy.net]]
*[https://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=&role=&nation=&subjectid=500114571 Rina Banerjee] at [[ULAN]]
*[https://whitney.org/artists/8111 Rina Banerjee] at the [[Whitney Museum of American Art]]

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Banerjee, Rina}}
[[Category:American people of Bengali descent]]
[[Category:Painters from New York (state)]]
[[Category:Indian emigrants to the United States]]
[[Category:Case Western Reserve University alumni]]
[[Category:Yale School of Art alumni]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian painters]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1963 births]]
[[Category:20th-century Bengali people]]
[[Category:Bengali Hindus]]
[[Category:21st-century Bengali people]]
[[Category:Bengali artists]]
[[Category:Bengali women artists]]
[[Category:Artists from Kolkata]]
[[Category:21st-century American women sculptors]]
[[Category:21st-century American sculptors]]
[[Category:Indian women painters]]
[[Category:Indian women contemporary artists]]
[[Category:Indian contemporary painters]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian women artists]]
[[Category:American artists of Indian descent]]
[[Category:Women artists from West Bengal]]
[[Category:Painters from West Bengal]]
[[Category:Sculptors from New York (state)]]
[[Category:21st-century American women painters]]
[[Category:21st-century American painters]]
[[Category:20th-century American women painters]]
[[Category:20th-century American painters]]

Kallekulangara

2026-03-22T20:04:51Z

Filmeekeeda: Put up some post and citations

{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Kallekulangara
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name = Hemambika Nagar
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Suburb
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Kerala#India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Kerala, India
| coordinates = {{coord|10|49|N|76|39|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Kerala]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Palakkad]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body = [[Akathethara]] Panchayat
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total =
| population_as_of =
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 =
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Malayalam language|Malayalam]], [[English language|English]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 678 009
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = 0491
| registration_plate = [[List of RTO districts in India#KL.E2.80.94Kerala|KL]]-09
| blank1_name_sec1 = Civic agency
| blank1_info_sec1 =
| website =
| Phone =
| footnotes =
| blank3_name_sec1 =
Parliament constituency
| blank3_info_sec1 = [[Palakkad Lok Sabha constituency|Palakkad]]
| blank4_name_sec1 = Assembly constituency
| blank4_info_sec1 = [[Malampuzha Assembly constituency|Malampuzha]]
}}

'''Kallekulangara''' is an area in [[Palakkad]] city, [[Kerala]], India.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pincode of HEMAMBIKA NAGAR H J B S KALLEKULANGARA AKATHETHARA PART PALAKKAD KERALA 678009 Pincode.net.in |url=https://pincode.net.in/hemambika-nagar-h-j-b-s-kallekulangara-akathethara-part-palakkad-kerala-678009 |access-date=2022-09-04 |website=pincode.net.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Local Self Government Department {{!}} Local Self Government Department |url=https://lsgkerala.gov.in/en/lbelection/electdmemberdet/2010/886 |access-date=2022-09-04 |website=lsgkerala.gov.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Official Website of Palakkad - Hemambika Nagar Police Station |url=https://palakkad.keralapolice.gov.in/page/hemambika-nagar-police-station |access-date=2022-09-04 |website=palakkad.keralapolice.gov.in}}</ref> Kallekulangara is famous for Sree Emoor Bhagavathy temple which is believed to be consecrated by [[Parashurama]] and Hemambika Devi is the deity,due to this Kallekulangara is also known by Hemambika Nagar.<ref>{{Cite web |title=പ്രതിഷ്ഠ കൈപ്പത്തി, ഇന്ത്യയിലെ ഒരേയൊരു ക്ഷേത്രം! |url=https://www.manoramaonline.com/astrology/astro-news/2018/06/09/kallekulangara-hemambika-temple.html |access-date=2022-09-05 |website=ManoramaOnline|language=ml}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=SREE EMOOR BHAGAVATHY TEMPLE {{!}} KALLEKULANGARA {{!}} PALAKKAD |url=https://sreeemoorbhagavathy.org/about.php |access-date=2022-09-04 |website=sreeemoorbhagavathy.org}}</ref> Head office of [[Palakkad railway division]] of [[Southern Railway zone]] and a residential colony of the railway employees under Southern Railway known as [[Palakkad Railway Colony|Hemambika Nagar railway colony]] is located here.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-04-18 |title=World Heritage Day: Palakkad railway division showcases narrow gauge locomotive |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Mangalore/palakkad-division-showcases-narrow-gauge-locomotive/article65332450.ece |access-date=2022-09-04 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

==Education==
*[[NSS College of Engineering, Palakkad]]
*[[Railway High School Palakkad]]
*Kendriya Vidyalaya No.1, Palakkad<ref>{{Cite web |title=Home {{!}} KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA HEMAMBIKA NAGAR NO.I PALAKKAD |url=https://no1palakkad.kvs.ac.in/ |access-date=2022-09-04 |website=no1palakkad.kvs.ac.in |archive-date=4 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220904063330/https://no1palakkad.kvs.ac.in/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
*
*St.Thomas Convent Higher Secondary School<ref>{{Cite web |title=Saint Thomas Convent Higher Secondary School, Olavakkod, Palakkad. {{!}} Home |url=http://www.stthomaschssolavakkode.com/ |access-date=2022-09-04 |website=www.stthomaschssolavakkode.com}}</ref>
*Hemambika Sanskrit High School<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hemambika Sanskrit High School located at Kallekulangara, Palakkad, Kerala - 678009 in Palakkad, Palaghat, Palakkad, Kerala - Palakkad City Guide {{!}} Palakkad City Directory |url=https://city.webindia123.com/d-t/kerala/palakkad/hemambika-sanskrit-high-school/870/ |access-date=2022-09-04 |website=Webindia123.com City Guide}}</ref>
*CBKM GHSS,Puthuppariyaram<ref>{{Cite web |title=schoolist |url=http://www.dhsekerala.gov.in/schoolist.aspx?dcode=09 |access-date=2022-09-04 |website=www.dhsekerala.gov.in}}</ref>
*Govt. High School Ummini<ref>{{Cite web |title=schoolist |url=http://www.dhsekerala.gov.in/schoolist.aspx?dcode=09 |access-date=2022-09-04 |website=www.dhsekerala.gov.in}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Suburbs of Palakkad]]

Simran Pareenja

2026-03-19T08:57:37Z

Filmeekeeda:

{{short description|Indian actress}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2023}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Simran Pareenja
| image =
| birth_date =
| birth_place =
| occupation = Actress
| known for = {{ubl|''[[Bhagyalakshmi (2015 TV series)|Bhagyalakshmi]]''
|''[[Kaala Teeka]]''}}
| years_active = 2015–2022
}}

'''Simran Pareenja''' is an Indian actress who primarily works in [[Television in India|Hindi]] television. She made her acting debut in 2015 with ''[[Tu Mera Hero]]'' portraying Rajni. Pareenja is best known for her portrayal of Bhoomi Shukla Prajapati in ''[[Bhagyalakshmi (2015 TV series)|Bhagyalakshmi]]'' and her dual portrayal of Kaali Nandu Singh and Thakurain Pavitra in ''[[Kaala Teeka]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Simran Pareenja plays 'All My Firsts', says traveling in public transport is not a problem for her|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/tv/hindi/simran-pareenja-plays-all-my-firsts-says-traveling-in-public-transport-is-not-a-problem-for-her/videoshow/84579337.cms|access-date=20 July 2021|website=Times Of India|language=en}}</ref>

Pareenja made her film debut in 2018 with the [[Telugu cinema|Telugu]] film ''[[Kirrak Party]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|last=India|first=The Hans|date=2018-03-24|title=Kirrak Party First Week Box Office Report|url=https://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Cinema/2018-03-24/Kirrak-Party-First-Week-Box-Office-Report/369106|access-date=17 March 2021|website=www.thehansindia.com|language=en}}</ref>

== Career ==
Pareenja made her acting debut in 2015 with ''[[Tu Mera Hero]]'' portraying Rajni.<ref>{{cite news|author1=Priyanka Bhadani|title=Tu Mera Hero is Star Plus next offering|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/screen/tu-mera-hero-is-star-pluss-next-offering/|accessdate=17 March 2015|work=[[The Indian Express]]|date=5 December 2014}}</ref> She then portrayed Bhoomi Shukla Prajapati opposite [[Varun Sharma (TV actor)|Varun Sharma]] in ''[[Bhagyalakshmi (2015 TV series)|Bhagyalakshmi]]'' in 2015.<ref>{{Cite web|title=WATCH! All Episodes Of Varun Sharma And Simran Pareenja Starrer ' Bhagyalaxmi'|access-date=18 July 2017|work=ZEE5|url=https://www.zee5.com/tv-shows/details/bhaghyalakshmi/0-6-200/bhaghyalakshmi/0-1-1002}}</ref>

From 2015 to 2017, she portrayed Kaali Nandu Singh opposite Mayank Gandhi and [[Rohan Gandotra]] in ''[[Kaala Teeka]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Kaala-Teeka-A-TV-show-against-superstitions/articleshow/49565575.cms|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151029042956/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Kaala-Teeka-A-TV-show-against-superstitions/articleshow/49565575.cms|url-status=dead|archive-date=29 October 2015|title='Kaala Teeka': A TV show against superstitions|work=The Times of India|accessdate=9 April 2016}}</ref> It proved as a major turning point in her career.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/television/140816/we-share-a-very-good-equation-simran-pareenja.html|title=We share a very good equation: Simran Pareenja|last=Razzaq|first=Sameena|date=2016-08-14|website=Deccan Chronicle|language=en|access-date=2019-08-14}}</ref> She portrayed her character's on-screen daughter Thakurain Pavitra Sinha opposite [[Karan Sharma (TV actor)|Karan Sharma]] in 2017.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Kaala Teeka: The cast celebrates last day on the set; see pics|work=Times Of India|date=13 April 2017 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/kaala-teeka-cast-celebrates-last-day-on-the-set/articleshow/58169380.cms|access-date=15 April 2017}}</ref>

Pareenja made her film debut in 2018 with the [[Telugu language|Telugu]] film ''[[Kirrak Party]]'', portraying Meera Joseph opposite [[Nikhil Siddharth]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/simran-pareenja-to-make-tollywood-debut-with-nikhil-siddharths-next/articleshow/61188710.cms|title=Simran Pareenja to make Tollywood debut with Nikhil Siddharth's next - Times of India|website=The Times of India|date=23 October 2017 |language=en|access-date=2019-08-14}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/nikhils-kirrak-party-nears-completion/articleshow/62055803.cms|title=Nikhil and Simran's 'Kirrak Party' nears completion|work=The Times of India|date=13 December 2017 |access-date=14 December 2017}}</ref> It received mixed reviews from the critics.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-03-16|title=Kirrak Party movie review: This Nikhil Siddharth film remains loyal to the original|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/kirrak-party-movie-review-nikhil-siddharth-5100069/|access-date=2021-07-05|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref> The same year, she portrayed Nayan opposite [[Jay Soni]] in an episode of ''[[Laal Ishq (Indian TV series)|Laal Ishq]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|title=WATCH! Laal Ishq Episode 12 'Best Friend' starring Jay Soni and Simran Pareenja|work=ZEE5|access-date=30 July 2018|url=https://www.zee5.com/tv-shows/details/laal-ishq/0-6-tvshow_1306724328/laal-ishq/0-1-tvshow_1306724328-season_1403040319-episode_1456711081}}</ref>

From 2019 to 2020, she portrayed Gunjan Sharma Shrivastava<ref>{{Cite web|title=Exclusive! Meet the entire cast of Isharon Isharon Mein|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/video/meet-the-entire-cast-of-isharon-isharon-mein-1568302-2019-07-13|website=India Today|date=13 July 2019 |language=en|access-date=2020-05-02}}</ref> in ''[[Ishaaron Ishaaron Mein]]'' opposite [[Mudit Nayar]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/beyhadh-2-ishaaron-ishaaron-mein-and-patiala-babes-to-go-off-air-post-covid-19-lockdown-report/story-6w47DO5BAfYmohCWMhYhbK.html|title=Beyhadh 2, Ishaaron Ishaaron Mein and Patiala Babes to go off air post Covid-19 lockdown: report|date=21 April 2020|website=Hindustan Times}}</ref> In 2021, she portrayed Maithili Tiwari Kumar in ''[[Lakshmi Ghar Aayi]]'' opposite [[Akshit Sukhija]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/actress-simran-pareenja-lakshmi-ghar-aayi-a-call-against-dowry-system/articleshow/82006110.cms|title=Actress Simran Pareenja: 'Lakshmi Ghar Aayi' a call against dowry system|website=[[Times Of India]]|date=10 April 2021 |access-date=8 July 2021}}</ref> It ended within two months due to [[COVID-19 pandemic]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://news.abplive.com/videos/entertainment/lakshmi-ghar-aayi-cast-enjoys-lunch-together-1467382|title='Lakshmi Ghar Aayi' cast enjoys Lunch together|access-date=2021-07-17|language=en-GB|website=[[ABP News]]|date=4 July 2021}}</ref>

Pareenja will next appear in the Telugu films ''Ee Kathalo Nenu'' alongside Homanand and Revanth<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ee Kathalo Nenu: 'ఈ కథలో నేను' టైటిల్ లోగో విడుదల..|work=News18 Telugu|access-date=28 February 2022|url=https://telugu.news18.com/news/national/title-logo-of-tollywood-movie-ee-kathalo-nenu-released-pk-1131720.html}}</ref> and ''Nuvvakkada Nenikkada'' alongside Parvatheesam. She has completed her shoot for both the films.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nuvvakkada Nenikkada Movie: Simran Pareenja and Parvatheesam|work=TFPC-Youtube|date=4 September 2018 |access-date=10 February 2019|url=https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=Nuv7MRevQsM&ved=2ahUKEwiQl4zejqf5AhXLxjgGHcSHBA0QtwJ6BAgDEAI&usg=AOvVaw2XNvyqDDAa1tlBZ1fTsZ6q}}</ref>

== Filmography ==
=== Films ===
{{Pending films key}}
*''All films are in Telugu unless otherwise noted.''
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Title
! Role
! Notes
! Ref.
|-
|2018
|''[[Kirrak Party]]''
|Meera Joseph
|
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/tollywood/261217/from-soap-opera-to-silver-screen.html|title=Simran Pareenja: From soap opera to silver screen!|last=Adivi|first=Sashidhar|date=2017-12-26|website=Deccan Chronicle|language=en|access-date=2019-08-14}}</ref>
|-
|TBA
|{{Pending film|Ee Kathalo Nenu}}
|{{TBA}}
|Completed
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ee Kathalo Nenu: Song - Nuvvunnadi Nee Lokam Kademo (Lyrical)|work=Times Of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/music/telugu/ee-kathalo-nenu-song-nuvvunnadi-nee-lokam-kademo-lyrical/videoshow/90075313.cms|access-date=8 March 2022}}</ref>
|-
|TBA
|{{Pending film|Nuvvakkada Nenikkada}}
|{{TBA}}
|Completed
|
|}

=== Television ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year
! Serial
! Role
! Notes
! Ref.
|-
| rowspan = "2" | 2015
|''[[Tu Mera Hero]]''
| Rajni
|
|
|-
| ''[[Bhagyalakshmi (2015 TV series)|Bhagyalakshmi]]''
| Bhoomi Shukla Prajapati
|
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi//photostory/48857397.cms|title='Bhagyalakshmi': On the sets|date=10 September 2015|website=The Times of India|language=en|access-date=14 August 2019}}</ref>
|-
| 2016–2017
| rowspan = "2" | ''[[Kaala Teeka]]''
| Kaali Nandu Singh
|
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/television/010216/tv-show-kaala-teeka-fast-forwards-14-years.html|title=TV show Kaala Teeka fast forwards 14 years|last=Razzaq|first=Sameena|date=2016-02-01|website=Deccan Chronicle|language=en|access-date=2019-08-14}}</ref>
|-
| 2017
| Thakurain Pavitra Sinha
|
| <ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Kaala-Teeka-completes-250-episodes/articleshow/54261906.cms|title='Kaala Teeka' completes 250 episodes - Times of India|website=The Times of India|date=10 September 2016 |language=en|access-date=2019-08-14}}</ref>
|-
|2018
|[[Laal Ishq (2018 TV series)|''Laal Ishq'']]
|Nayan
|Episode: "Best Friend"
|
|-
|2019–2020
|''[[Ishaaron Ishaaron Mein (TV Series)|Ishaaron Ishaaron Mein]]''
|Gunjan Sharma Shrivastava
|
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/mudit-nayar-isharon-isharon-mein-actor-yogi-5830563/|title=Mudit Nayar: Isharon Isharon Mein is like a breath of fresh air on television|date=2019-07-15|website=The Indian Express|language=en-IN|access-date=2019-08-14}}</ref>
|-
| 2021
| ''[[Lakshmi Ghar Aayi]]''
| Maithili Tiwari Kumar
|
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/entertainment/simran-pareenja-hopes-to-empower-women-237993|title=Simran Pareenja hopes to empower women|date=2021-04-12|website=[[The Tribune]]|language=en-GB|access-date=2021-07-17}}</ref>
|}

==See also==
*[[List of Indian television actresses]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb name|8994245}}

{{Portal bar|Films|Television}}
{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Pareenja, Simran}}
[[Category:Indian television actresses]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Actresses in Hindi television]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

Charbagh metro station

2026-03-18T04:55:21Z

Filmeekeeda: slightly reworked references for clarity further and cleaned formatting

{{Short description|Lucknow Metro's Red Line metro station}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2018}}
{{one source|dae=October 2025|date=October 2025}}
{{Infobox station
| name = {{ric|Lucknow Metro|size=40}} Charbagh
| other_name =
| architectural_style = Lucknow Metro
| type = {{Lucknow Metro Infobox station line|line=Red|line2=Blue}}
| image = Charbagh metro station.jpg
| image_size =
| image_caption =
| address = Cash and Pay Colony, Charbagh, Lucknow, [[Uttar Pradesh]] 226004
| coordinates = {{coord|26.832343|N|80.922989|E|display=inline,title}}
| owned = [[Lucknow Metro]]
| operator = [[Uttar Pradesh Metro Rail Corporation]]
| line = {{rcb|Lucknow Metro|Red|croute}}
{{color box|#{{rcr|Lucknow Metro|Blue}}; font-size:100%|[[Blue Line (Lucknow Metro)|'''Blue Line ''(Under Construction)''''']]|}}
| connections = {{ric|Indian Railways}} [[Lucknow Charbagh railway station|Lucknow Charbagh]]
| platform = [[Side platform]]
Platform-1 → [[Munshi Pulia metro station|Munshi Pulia]] Platform-2 → [[Chaudhary Charan Singh International Airport metro station|CCS International Airport]]
| tracks = 2 2 Under Construction
| other =
| accessible = Yes {{access icon}}
| bicycle =
| depth =
| levels = 2
| parking =
| baggage_check =
| structure = [[Elevated]], [[Double-track railway|Double track]]
| code =
| status = Staffed
| zone =
| closed =
| former =
| opened_date = {{start date and age|df=yes|2017|09|05}} (Red Line)
| rebuilt =
| electrified = Single-phase {{25 kV 50 Hz}} through [[overhead catenary]]
| passengers =
| mpassengers =
| smartcardname =
| smartcardstatus =
| pass_system =
| pass_year =
| pass_rank =
| pass_percent =
| services = {{adjacent stations|system1=Lucknow Metro|line1=r|left1=Durgapuri|right1=Hussainganj|header2=Proposed|line2=b|right2=Gautam Buddha Marg}}
| map_locator =
| route_map = {{Red Line (Lucknow Metro)}}
| map_state = collapsed
| mapframe = yes
| mapframe-marker = rail
| mapframe-marker-color = #{{rail color|Lucknow Metro|Red}}
| mapframe-zoom = 14
}}

'''Charbagh''' is an important elevated metro station on the North-South Corridor of the [[Red Line (Lucknow Metro)|Red Line]] of [[Lucknow Metro]] in the city of [[Lucknow]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[India]]. This metro station holds the main [[Lucknow Junction railway station|Lucknow Junction]] belonging to the [[Lucknow NR railway division|Lucknow NR Division]].

== Station layout ==
{{stack|{{Routemap
| title = Charbagh track layout
| title-color = white
| title-bg = #{{rcr|Lucknow Metro|Red}}
| legend = track
| collapsible = no
| map = vCONTgfa
cPLT\vSTR\cPLT ~~ ~~ ~~ to [[Hussainganj metro station|Hussainganj]]
*'''P1'''\cPLT\vSTR\cPLT\*'''P2'''
cPLT\vSTR\cPLT ~~ ~~ ~~ to [[Durgapuri metro station|Durgapuri]]
vCONTgfe
| bottom = <div style="width:23.5em;text-align:center">Station with two tracks and two side platforms</div>
}}}}
{|table border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=3
|architectural_style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;border-top:solid 1px gray;" width=50 valign=top|'''G'''
|architectural_style="border-top:solid 1px gray;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width=100 valign=top|Street level
|architectural_style="border-top:solid 1px gray;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width=500 valign=top|Exit/Entrance
|-
|valign=top|'''L1'''
|valign=top|Mezzanine
|valign=top|Fare control, station agent, Metro Card vending machines, crossover 
|-
|architectural_style="border-top:solid 1px gray;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width=50 rowspan=4 valign=top|'''L2'''
|architectural_style="border-top:solid 1px gray;border-right:solid 2px black;border-left:solid 2px black;border-bottom:solid 2px black;text-align:center;" colspan=2|[[Side platform]] | Doors will open on the left {{access icon}}
|-
|architectural_style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width=100|'''Platform 2''' '''Southbound'''
|architectural_style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width=500|Towards → [[Chaudhary Charan Singh International Airport metro station|CCS International Airport]] '''Next Station:''' [[Durgapuri metro station|Durgapuri]]
|-
|'''Platform 1''' '''Northbound'''
|Towards ← [[Munshi Pulia metro station|Munshi Pulia]] '''Next Station:''' [[Hussainganj metro station|Hussainganj]]
|-
|architectural_style="border-top:solid 2px black;border-right:solid 2px black;border-left:solid 2px black;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;text-align:center;" colspan=2|[[Side platform]] | Doors will open on the left {{access icon}}
|-
|architectural_style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width=50 rowspan=2 valign=top|'''L2'''
|architectural_style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width=100|
|architectural_style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width=500|
|-
|}

{{Infobox building
| name = Charbagh metro station
| logo =
| logo_size = 80px
| logo_alt =
| logo_caption = Lucknow Metro Logo
| image =
| image_size =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| map_caption =
| pushpin_mapsize = 280
| pushpin_label =
| pushpin_mark =
| pushpin_relief =
| former_names =
| alternate_names =
| etymology =
| status = Complete
| cancelled =
| topped_out =
| building_type = [[Railway station]]
| classification =
| location = Charbagh, Lucknow
| address =
| location_city = [[Lucknow]]
| location_country = {{flagu|India}}
| coordinates = {{coord|26.832343|80.922989|type:railwaystation_region:SG|format=dms}}
| altitude = 126.5m
| current_tenants =
| namesake =
| groundbreaking_date =
| construction_start_date = 2014
| construction_stop_date =
| est_completion =
| topped_out_date =
| completion_date = {{end date|df=yes|2017}}
| opened_date = {{end date|2017|09|06|df=y}}
| inauguration_date = {{end date|2017|09|05|df=y}}
| relocated_date =
| renovation_date =
| closing_date =
| demolished_date =
| cost =
| ren_cost =
| client =
| owner =
| landlord =
| affiliation =
| height =
| architectural =
| tip =
| antenna_spire =
| roof =
| top_floor =
| observatory =
| diameter =
| circumference =
| weight =
| other_dimensions =
| structural_system =
| material =
| size =
| floor_count = 2
| floor_area =
| elevator_count = 4
| grounds_area =
| architect =
| architecture_firm =
| developer =
| engineer =
| structural_engineer =
| services_engineer =
| civil_engineer =
| other_designers =
| quantity_surveyor =
| main_contractor = Larsen & Toubro
| awards =
| designations =
| known_for =
| ren_architect =
| ren_firm =
| ren_engineer =
| ren_str_engineer =
| ren_serv_engineer =
| ren_civ_engineer =
| ren_oth_designers =
| ren_qty_surveyor =
| ren_contractor =
| ren_awards =
| number_of_rooms =
| parking =
| website = www.lmrcl.com
| embed =
| embedded =
| references =
| footnotes =
}}

==Connections==
*[[Lucknow Charbagh railway station]]

'''Lucknow City Transport Services Ltd''' bus routes number 11, 11A, 11D, 11E, 11G, 12, 13, 15, 23, 23A, 23B, 23T, 24A, 24B, 25, 25A, 31, 31A, 33, 33B, 33C, 33M, 33PGI, 33S, 33SAKHI, 34, 34IT, 35A, 35I, 35LU, 44B, 44D, 45, 65T, 65V, 66, 66A, 66LU, 68, 69 serves the station from nearby Charbagh bus stand.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lucknow City Transportation Services Ltd. |url=http://lctsl.org/Service.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160608114247/http://lctsl.org/Service.aspx |archive-date=2016-06-08}}</ref>

==See also==
{{columns-list|colwidth=22em|
*[[Lucknow]]
*[[List of Lucknow Metro stations]]
*[[Blue Line (Lucknow Metro)]]
*[[Uttar Pradesh Metro Rail Corporation]]
*[[Uttar Pradesh State Road Transport Corporation]]
*[[Rapid transit in India|List of rapid transit systems in India]]
*[[List of Metro Systems]]
}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons|Lucknow Metro}}
{{Wikivoyage|Lucknow}}
*{{Google maps|url=https://www.google.co.in/maps/place/Charbagh+Metro+Station/@26.8321983,80.9221081,19z/data=!4m12!1m6!3m5!1s0x399bfc3362c1e933:0xc0bb684da0b7fada!2sDurgapuri+Metro+Station!8m2!3d26.8319454!4d80.9151395!3m4!1s0x0:0xb82aca9abce24584!8m2!3d26.832367!4d80.9229879|title=Charbagh metro station}}
{{Portal bar|India|Trains|Transport|Engineering}}

{{Lucknow Metro Stations}}

[[Category:Lucknow Metro stations]]
[[Category:Railway stations in India opened in 2017]]

{{UttarPradesh-railstation-stub}}

Rajat Nagpal

2026-03-15T20:48:43Z

Filmeekeeda: Started Basic Info Initial Version.

{{short description| Indian singer, composer, producer and mix engineer}}
{{BLP sources|date=June 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2018}}
{{Infobox musical artist
| name = Rajat Nagpal
| image = Rajat 3400.jpg
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_name = Rajat Nagpal
| birth_date = {{birth based on age as of date |23|2017|April|15}}<ref name=Bhaskar/>
| birth_place =
| origin = [[Fatehabad, Haryana]], India
| instruments = {{flatlist|
* [[Keyboard instrument|Keyboards]]
* [[Piano]]
* [[Harmonium]]
}}
| occupation = Music Director, Singer
| years_active = 2016–present
| label = {{Flatlist|
* [[T-Series (company)|T-Series]]
* Desi Music Factory
* [[Zee Music Company]]}}
| website = {{URL|www.rajatnagpal.com|rajatnagpal.com}}
}}
'''Rajat Nagpal'''<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.hotfridaytalks.com/music/rajat-nagpals-latest-songs-2018/|title=Rajat Nagpal's Latest Songs 2018|date=19 May 2018|work=HotFridayTalks|access-date=6 August 2018|language=en-US}}</ref> is an Indian singer, [[composer]], producer and mix engineer associated with [[Music of Punjab|Punjabi]] and [[Music of Bollywood|Hindi]] music. He is trained in Indian and Western classical music. He has been working as a studio engineer and a [[Record producer|music producer]] at Beatfactory Studios and is known for his work in songs like Fashion,<ref>Archived at [https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211209/vgr2y70Vlk0 Ghostarchive]{{cbignore}} and the [https://web.archive.org/web/20160927164603/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vgr2y70Vlk0&gl=US&hl=en Wayback Machine]{{cbignore}}: {{cite AV media| url = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vgr2y70Vlk0| title = Guru Randhawa: FASHION Video Song {{!}} Latest Punjabi Song 2016 {{!}} T-Series | website=[[YouTube]]}}{{cbignore}}</ref> Taare,<ref>Archived at [https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211209/32Dh6uk1Xh0 Ghostarchive]{{cbignore}} and the [https://web.archive.org/web/20170211085700/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=32Dh6uk1Xh0&gl=US&hl=en Wayback Machine]{{cbignore}}: {{cite AV media| url = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=32Dh6uk1Xh0| title = Guru Randhawa: TAARE {{!}} T-SERIES | website=[[YouTube]]}}{{cbignore}}</ref> Ban Ja Rani,<ref>Archived at [https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211209/ZsUjyV7mSwA Ghostarchive]{{cbignore}} and the [https://web.archive.org/web/20171017102633/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZsUjyV7mSwA Wayback Machine]{{cbignore}}: {{cite AV media| url = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZsUjyV7mSwA| title = Guru Randhawa "Ban Ja Rani" {{!}} Tumhari Sulu Video Song {{!}} Vidya Balan Manav Kaul | website=[[YouTube]]}}{{cbignore}}</ref> Suit Suit,<ref>Archived at [https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211209/88LgZ-cf_P4 Ghostarchive]{{cbignore}} and the [https://web.archive.org/web/20170413105941/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=88LgZ-cf_P4&gl=US&hl=en Wayback Machine]{{cbignore}}: {{cite AV media| url = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=88LgZ-cf_P4| title = Suit Suit Video Song {{!}} Hindi Medium {{!}} Irrfan Khan & Saba Qamar {{!}} Guru Randhawa {{!}} Arjun | website=[[YouTube]]}}{{cbignore}}</ref> All I Need, Akhiyan, Khamkha Yu Hi, and many more.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://epaper.dailypostindia.com//imageview_7447_32306_4_72_14-06-2018_i_1_sf.html |title=ErrorPage |access-date=14 June 2018 |archive-date=14 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180614073647/http://epaper.dailypostindia.com//imageview_7447_32306_4_72_14-06-2018_i_1_sf.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> He uses the piano as the main instrument for his compositions and produces music on [[Logic Pro]] and [[Pro Tools]].

He has worked for numerous big artists as an assistant [[composer]]/producer and recording engineer.

==Early life==

He hails from [[Fatehabad, Haryana]], India.<ref name=Bhaskar>{{cite news| url=https://www.bhaskar.com/news/HAR-OTH-MAT-latest-fatehabad-news-020503-2400533-NOR.html |title=फतेहाबाद के रजत नागपाल ने बॉलीवुड फिल्म में दिया संगीत |website=[[Dainik Bhaskar]] |date=15 April 2017 |accessdate=7 March 2019 |language=hi}}</ref> He started learning music and participating in youth festivals at school.

He and [[Guru Randhawa]] composed the song "SUIT SUIT" which was featured in the feature film ''[[Hindi Medium (film)|Hindi Medium]]''. They together then made songs for films like [[Tumhari Sulu]], [[Dil Juunglee]], [[Sonu Ke Titu Ki Sweety]].

== Nomination and awards ==
*[[Mirchi Music Awards]] for Listener's Choice Album of The Year For [[Sonu Ke Titu Ki Sweety|Sonu Ki Titu Ki Sweety]].
*IIFA AWARDS 2018 for Best Music Direction in [[Tumhari Sulu]].

==Discography==
'''Bollywood Songs'''

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year !! Movie !! Song !! Singer(s) !! Writer(s) !! Music director
|-
|2025
|''[[Ek Deewane Ki Deewaniyat]]''
|"Dil Dil Dil"
|[[Sunidhi Chauhan]], [[Divya Kumar (singer)|Divya Kumar]]
|Siddhant Kaushal
|rowspan=5|[[Rajat Nagpal]]
|-
|rowspan=4|2024
|rowspan=4|''[[Ruslaan]]'' || "Pehla Ishq"
|[[Rito Riba]]
|rowspan=2|[[Rana Sotal]]
|-
|"Dil Phisal Gaya"
|[[Vishal Dadlani]]
|-
|"Dua-E-Khair
|[[Divya Kumar (singer)|Divya Kunar]]
|[[Bipin Das]]
|-
|"Roar of Ruslaan"
|colspan=2|MellowD
|-
|rowspan=2|2018
| ''[[Sonu Ke Titu Ki Sweety]]'' || "Kaun Nachdi"
|rowspan="2"|[[Guru Randhawa]], [[Neeti Mohan]]
|rowspan="2"|Guru Randhawa
|rowspan="3"|Rajat Nagpal, Guru Randhawa
|-
| ''[[Dil Juunglee]]''<ref>{{Cite web|title = Dil Juunglee: Dil Juunglee - itunes|url=https://music.apple.com/ie/album/nachle-na-from-dil-juunglee-single/1337991069|website = itunes|access-date = 13 April 2017}}</ref> ||"Nachle Na"
|-
|rowspan="2"|2017
| ''[[Tumhari Sulu]]''<ref>{{Cite web|title = Tumhari Sulu: Hindi Medium - |url=https://www.musixmatch.com/lyrics/Guru-Randhawa-feat-Rajat-Nagpal/Ban-Ja-Rani-From-Tumhari-Sulu|website = |access-date = 13 April 2017}}</ref> || "Ban Ja Rani"
|colspan="2"|Guru Randhawa
|-
| ''[[Hindi Medium]]''<ref>{{Cite web|title = Suit Suit: Hindi Medium - itunes|url=https://music.apple.com/in/album/suit-suit-feat-arjun/1229021041?app=music&i=1229021047&ign-itscg=30201&ign-itsct=Shazam_1&ign-mpt=uo%3D5|website = itunes| date=13 April 2017 |access-date = 13 April 2017}}</ref> || Suit Suit ||colspan="2"| Guru Randhawa, Arjun
|Rajat Nagpal, Guru Randhawa, Arjun
|}

===Non-film songs===
{|class="wikitable"
!Album
!Song
!Singer(s)
!Music director(s)
|-
|-
|
|''Gora Rang''
|[[Millind Gaba]] Inder Chahal
|Rajat Nagpal
|-
| rowspan="7" |Single
|''Koi vi Nahi''<ref>{{Cite web|title = Koi vi Nahi: - YOUTUBE|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZtFjx3-gRkY|website = [[YouTube]]|access-date = }}</ref>|| Gurnazar [[Shirley Setia]]
|Rajat Nagpal
|-
|Kudi Kudi
|Gurnazar ft Rajat Nagpal
|Rajat Nagpal 
|-
|''Fashion''<ref>{{Cite web|title = Fashion: -Itunes|url=https://music.apple.com/ca/album/fashion-single/1159324492|website = Itunes|date=20 September 2016|access-date = 20 September 2016}}</ref>|| Guru Randhawa
|Rajat Nagpal
|-
| ''All I Need''<ref>{{Cite web|title = All i need title: - Desi Hiphop |url=http://desihiphop.com/all-i-need-ikka-coming-way/291500|website = Desi Hiphop|access-date = 28 October 2016}}</ref>||[[Ikka Singh|IKKA]]
|Rajat Nagpal
|-
| ''Taare''<ref>{{Cite web|title = Taare: - Itunes |url=https://music.apple.com/ca/album/taare-single/1200376618|website = itunes|date=30 January 2017|access-date = 30 January 2017}}</ref>|| Guru Randhawa
|Rajat Nagpal
|-
|''OMG''<ref>{{Cite web|title = OMG : - Simply Bhangra|url=https://simplybhangra.com/bhangra-videos/10743-shipra-goyal-omg-video.html|website = SimplyBhangra|access-date = 17 April 2017}}</ref>
| rowspan="2" |[[Shipra Goyal]]
|Rajat Nagpal
|-
|''Choti Choti Gal''<ref>{{Cite web|title = OMG : - Simply Bhangra|url=https://simplybhangra.com/bhangra-videos/10942-shipra-goyal-choti-choti-gal-video.html|website = SimplyBhangra|access-date = 17 April 2017}}</ref>
|Rajat Nagpal
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Nagpal, Rajat}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian music directors]]
[[Category:People from Fatehabad, Haryana]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

Sibi Thomas

2026-03-07T23:38:22Z

Filmeekeeda:

{{Short description|Indian actor (born 1972)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2022}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Sibi Thomas
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1972|12|15}}{{Citation needed|date=December 2020}}
| birth_place = [[Kanhangad]], [[Kasaragod]], Kerala, India
| alma_mater = [[Nirmalagiri College]]
| occupation = {{Hlist |Actor | [[Deputy Superintendent of Police]] |Screenwriter}}
| years_active = 2017{{endash}}present
| awards =
| spouse =
| children =
}}
'''[[Deputy superintendent of police|DYSP]] Sibi Thomas''' is an Indian police officer and actor. He appears in [[Malayalam cinema|Malayalam films]]. Having made his debut with ''[[Thondimuthalum Driksakshiyum]]'' in 2017.<ref>{{cite news |title='സിബിച്ചന്‍ തകര്‍ത്തഭിനിയച്ചു...'; നായകനായെത്തുന്ന ചിത്രത്തിന് ഭാര്യ ജോളിയുടെ കയ്യടി |url=https://www.mathrubhumi.com/movies-music/interview/thondimuthalum-driksakshiyum-police-officer-sibi-thomas-new-movie-sidharthan-interview-1.3814087 |accessdate=24 August 2020 |work=Mathrubhumi |language=en}}</ref> He is the Deputy Superintendent of Police in [[Kerala Police]] Service.<ref>{{cite news |title=യു.പിയില്‍ പോയി ശരിക്കും തൊണ്ടിമുതല്‍ പിടിച്ചയാളാണ് എസ്.ഐ സാജന്‍, സോറി സി.ഐ.സിബി |url=https://www.mathrubhumi.com/movies-music/interview/thondimuthalum-driksakshiyum-sibi-thomas-thomas-dileesh-pothan-fahadh-faasil-suraj-venjaramoodu-1.2098783 |accessdate=24 August 2020 |work=Mathrubhumi |language=en}}</ref>

==Personal life==
Sibi Thomas was born in [[Kanhangad]], [[Kasaragod]], Kerala. He graduated in BSc [[Chemistry]] from [[Nirmalagiri College]], [[Kannur]]. After graduation, he joined the [[Kerala Police]] in 2003 as a [[Circle officer|Sub Inspector]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=m.g |first1=Gokul |title=Donning the next cap |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/lifestyle/viral-and-trending/230519/donning-the-next-cap.html |accessdate=24 August 2020 |work=Deccan Chronicle |date=23 May 2019 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Kerala police officer, who first turned actor, now turns scriptwriter |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/kerala-police-officer-who-first-turned-actor-now-turns-scriptwriter-102300 |website=www.thenewsminute.com |date=23 May 2019 |accessdate=24 August 2020}}</ref>

==Filmography==
{| class="wikitable"
| style="background:#ffc;"| {{dagger|alt=Films that have not yet been released}}
| Denotes films that have not yet been released
|}

===As actor===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! scope="col"| Year
! scope="col"| Title
! scope="col"| Role(s)
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Notes
|-
| 2017 || ''[[Thondimuthalum Driksakshiyum]]'' || S.I Sajan ||
|-
| rowspan=4 | 2018 || ''[[Kuttanadan Marpappa]]'' || Sub Inspector ||
|-
|''[[Premasoothram]]'' || Basura Chandran ||
|-
| ''[[Kamuki]]'' || Professor ||
|-
| ''[[Oru Kuprasidha Payyan]]'' || Praveen Kumar ||
|-
| rowspan=2 |2019 || ''Sidharthan Enna Njan'' || ||
|-
|''[[Happy Sardar]]'' || Dr. Tony Jose ||
|-
| 2020 || ''[[Trance (2020 film)|Trance]]'' || Esther Villa Security ||
|-
| 2021 || ''[[Jai Bhim (film)|Jai Bhim]]''|| SP Ashok Varadan || [[Tamil movie]]
|-
| rowspan=3|2022 || ''[[Kuttavum Shikshayum (2021 film)|Kuttavum Shikshayum]]''|| Aravindan ||
|-
| ''[[Nna Thaan Case Kodu]]'' || Johny ||
|-
| ''[[Palthu Janwar]]'' || Veterinary doctor ||
|-
| rowspan=2 | 2023 || ''Laika'' || ||<ref>{{Cite web |title=Laika to release this Friday |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2023/mar/28/laika-to-release-this-friday-41641.html |access-date=2023-04-02 |website=[[Cinema Express]] |date=28 March 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| ''Oru Vattam Koodi'' || George ||
|-
| rowspan=2 | 2024 || ''[[Grrr (2024 film)|Grrr]]'' || Fire and Rescue Officer Sujanapalan ||<ref>{{Cite web |last=Features |first=C. E. |date=2024-05-25 |title=First single of Kunchacko Boban's Grrr, Dhurithame Pranayam, out |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2024/May/25/first-single-of-kunchacko-bobans-grrr-dhurithame-pranayam-out |access-date=2024-05-25 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| {{Pending film| Porattu Naadakam}} || {{TBA}} ||<ref>{{Cite web |last=Features |first=C. E. |date=2024-07-14 |title=Saiju Kurup's Porattu Naadakam gets a release date |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2024/Jul/14/saiju-kurups-porattu-naadakam-gets-a-release-date |access-date=2024-07-17 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|}

===As writer===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year
! Title
! Director
! Notes
|-
| 2022 || ''[[Kuttavum Shikshayum (2022 film)|Kuttavum Shikshayum]]'' || Rajeev Ravi || Released on 27 May 2022
|-
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb name|9115333}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Thomas, Sibi}}
[[Category:1972 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Actors from Kerala]]
[[Category:Kerala Police officers]]

{{India-film-actor-1970s-stub}}

West Indian cricket team in New Zealand in 2005–06

2026-03-06T20:42:24Z

Filmeekeeda: Started Basic Article W/ Sources.

{{Short description|none}}
{{Refimprove|date=March 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020}}
{{Infobox cricket tour
| series_name = West Indies in New Zealand in 2005–06
| team1_image =
| team1_name = West Indies
| team2_image = Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg
| team2_name = New Zealand
| from_date = 16 February
| to_date = 29 March 2006
| team1_captain = [[Shivnarine Chanderpaul]]
| team2_captain = [[Stephen Fleming]]
| no_of_tests = 3
| team1_tests_won = 0
| team2_tests_won = 2
| team1_tests_most_runs = [[Chris Gayle]] (235)
| team2_tests_most_runs = [[Stephen Fleming]] (144)
| team1_tests_most_wickets = [[Shane Bond]] (8) [[James Franklin (cricketer)|James Franklin]] (8) [[Chris Martin (cricketer)|Chris Martin]] (8)
| team2_tests_most_wickets = [[Ian Bradshaw]] (7) [[Fidel Edwards]] (7)
| player_of_test_series = no award
| no_of_ODIs = 5
| team1_ODIs_won = 1
| team2_ODIs_won = 4
| team1_ODIs_most_runs = [[Runako Morton]] (229)
| team2_ODIs_most_runs = [[Nathan Astle]] (295)
| team1_ODIs_most_wickets = [[Ian Bradshaw]] (9) [[Dwayne Smith]] (9)
| team2_ODIs_most_wickets = [[Shane Bond]] (10)
| player_of_ODI_series = no award
| no_of_twenty20s = 1
| team1_twenty20s_won = 0
| team2_twenty20s_won = 1
| team1_twenty20s_most_runs = [[Shivnarine Chanderpaul|Shiv Chanderpaul]] (26) [[Daren Ganga]] (26)
| team2_twenty20s_most_runs = [[Lou Vincent]] (42)
| team1_twenty20s_most_wickets = [[Ian Bradshaw]] (2) [[Dwayne Bravo]] (2) [[Chris Gayle]] (2) [[Dwayne Smith]] (2)
| team2_twenty20s_most_wickets = [[Shane Bond]] (2) [[Scott Styris]] (2)
| player_of_twenty20_series = [[Dwayne Smith]]
}}

The '''West Indies cricket team''' toured '''New Zealand''' in February and March 2006 as part of the '''2005–06 New Zealand cricket season'''.

Coming into the series the [[Black Caps|New Zealand cricket team (''Black Caps'')]] and the West Indies had very different fortunes. The Black Caps had won their [[Sri Lankan cricket team in New Zealand in 2005-06|recent ODI series with Sri Lanka]] 3–1 whilst the West Indies, in November, were [[West Indian cricket team in Australia in 2005-06|whitewashed by the Australians]] 3–0, who retained the [[Frank Worrell Trophy]].

Both New Zealand and the West Indies were looking to win as many of the [[One Day International]]s as possible to improve their rankings – New Zealand and the West Indies were, as of 29 January, ranked fourth and eighth respectively.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.icc-cricket.com/odi/ |title=ICC ODI Ranking |publisher=[[International Cricket Council]] |date=29 January 2006 |access-date=23 October 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061202030820/http://www.icc-cricket.com/odi/ |archive-date=2 December 2006 }}</ref> Being ranked in the top six teams meant avoiding having to compete in the preliminary round of that year's [[2006 ICC Champions Trophy|ICC Champions Trophy]].

New Zealand vice-captain [[Daniel Vettori]] believed his side was the favourite for the series.
:"I wouldn't say we're overwhelming favourites but I think we generally start as favourites against most teams at home. Touring teams often take a bit of time to adapt to our conditions and I think we saw a bit of that in the way Sri Lanka began the most recent series. The Windies haven't played any one-day cricket for a while and we're in the middle of our season, so I suppose we are the team to beat. But having said that, if they find their feet they're a very good side and we'll have to play very well to win."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/we-re-favourites-at-home-vettori-237002|title=We're favourites at home: Vettori|website=[[ESPNcricinfo]]|date=14 February 2006}}</ref>

The West Indian team arrived in [[Auckland]] on 10 February. Soon after arriving after a marathon journey that took almost four days West Indian coach [[Bennett King]] accused the [[ICC Future Tours Programme]] of "benefiting the rich at the expense of the poor."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/weary-king-slams-icc-dictated-itinerary-236266|title=Weary King slams ICC-dictated itinerary|website=ESPNcricinfo|date=9 February 2006}}</ref>

The tour consisted of 5 [[One Day International]], 3 [[Test cricket|Tests]] and a [[Twenty20 international]]. The Twenty20 was [[Chris Cairns]]' last international cricket game in [[New Zealand]] colours.

==Squads==
ODIs
{|
|-
! colspan="2" | New Zealand<ref>[http://www.cricketweb.net/article.php?CategoryIDAuto=59&NewsIDAuto=1296 Mason recalled for Windies] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927005331/http://www.cricketweb.net/article.php?CategoryIDAuto=59&NewsIDAuto=1296 |date=27 September 2007 }} published by Cricket Web on 8 January 2006</ref>
! colspan="3" | West Indies<ref>[http://www.cricketweb.net/country/series/squads.php?SeriesIDAuto=134 Squads – West Indies in New Zealand] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060213220800/http://www.cricketweb.net/country/series/squads.php?SeriesIDAuto=134 |date=13 February 2006 }}, Cricket Web</ref>
|-
|| [[Stephen Fleming]] || [[captain (cricket)|CPT]], [[batsman|LHB]], [[fast bowling|RM]] || [[Shivnarine Chanderpaul]] || [[captain (cricket)|CPT]], [[batsman|LHB]], [[leg break|LB]]
|-
|| [[Daniel Vettori]] || [[batsman|LHB]], [[Left-arm orthodox spin|SLA]] || [[Ramnaresh Sarwan]] || [[batsman|RHB]], [[leg break|LB]]
|-
|| [[Nathan Astle]] || [[batsman|RHB]], [[fast bowling|RFM]] || [[Chris Gayle]] || [[batsman|LHB]], [[off break|OB]]
|-
|| [[Shane Bond]] || [[batsman|RHB]], [[fast bowling|RF]] || [[Wavell Hinds]] || [[batsman|LHB]], [[fast bowling|RFM]]
|-
|| [[James Franklin (cricketer)|James Franklin]] || [[batsman|LHB]], [[fast bowling|LMF]] || [[Daren Ganga]] || [[batsman|RHB]], [[off break|OB]]
|-
|| [[Peter Fulton]] || [[batsman|RHB]], [[fast bowling|RFM]] || [[Runako Morton]] || [[batsman|RHB]], [[off break|OB]]
|-
|| [[Jamie How]] || [[batsman|RHB]], [[fast bowling|RFM]] || [[Dwayne Bravo]] || [[batsman|RHB]], [[fast bowling|RMF]]
|-
|| [[Hamish Marshall]] || [[batsman|RHB]], [[fast bowling|RFM]] || [[Dwayne Smith]] || [[batsman|RHB]], [[fast bowling|RFM]]
|-
|| [[Michael Mason (cricketer)|Michael Mason]] || [[batsman|RHB]], [[fast bowling|RFM]] || [[Denesh Ramdin]] || [[Wicket-keeper|WKT]], [[batsman|RHB]]
|-
|| [[Brendon McCullum]] || [[Wicket-keeper|WKT]], [[batsman|RHB]]|| [[Rawl Lewis]] || [[batsman|RHB]], [[leg break|LB]]
|-
|| [[Jeetan Patel]] || [[batsman|RHB]], [[off break|OB]] || [[Ian Bradshaw]] || [[batsman|LHB]], [[fast bowling|LFM]]
|-
|| [[Scott Styris]] || [[batsman|RHB]], [[fast bowling|RFM]] || [[Jerome Taylor]] || [[batsman|RHB]], [[fast bowling|RF]]
|-
|| [[Lou Vincent]] || [[batsman|RHB]], [[fast bowling|RFM]] || [[Fidel Edwards]] || [[batsman|RHB]], [[fast bowling|RF]]
|-
|| || || [[Deighton Butler]] || [[batsman|LHB]], [[fast bowling|LMF]]
|-
|}

==Fixtures==

===February===
*16 Twenty20 [[Eden Park|Auckland]] note: [[Chris Cairns]]' last international match.
*18 1st ODI (D/N) [[Westpac Stadium|Wellington]]
*22 2nd ODI [[Queenstown, New Zealand|Queenstown]]
*25 3rd ODI [[Jade Stadium|Christchurch]]

===March===
*1 4th ODI [[McLean Park|Napier]]
*4 5th ODI [[Eden Park|Auckland]]
*9 -13 1st Test [[Eden Park|Auckland]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/a-six-to-rue-240544|title=A six to rue|website=ESPNcricinfo|date=13 March 2006|access-date=18 March 2024|archive-date=21 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210921175522/https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/a-six-to-rue-240544|url-status=live}}</ref>
*17 -21 2nd Test [[Basin Reserve|Wellington]]
*25 -29 3rd Test [[McLean Park|Napier]]

==Limited Overs Matches==

===Twenty20: 16 February in Auckland===
{{Limited overs matches
| date = 16 February 2006
| time = 19:00
| daynight = yes
| team1 = {{cr-rt|WIN}}
| score1 = 126/7 (20 overs)
| score2 = 126/8 (20 overs)
| team2 = {{cr|NZL}}
| runs1 = [[Shivnarine Chanderpaul]] 26 (33)
| wickets1 = [[Shane Bond]] 2/15 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Lou Vincent]] 42 (57)
| wickets2 = [[Dwayne Smith]] 2/9 (3.2 overs)
| result = Match tied, {{cr|NZL}} won [[bowl-out]] (3–0, NZ {{fontcolor|green|X X X}}, WI {{fontcolor|red|O O O}})
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/237242.html]
| venue = [[Eden Park]], [[Auckland]]
| umpires = [[Billy Bowden]] and [[Tony Hill (umpire)|Tony Hill]]
| motm = [[Dwayne Smith]] (WI)
| toss = New Zealand won the toss and elected to field
| rain =
| notes =
}}

The New Zealanders won the toss, playing in the beige uniforms of the 80s, and sent the West Indies in. The "Windies" scored a modest 126–7 off their 20 overs, a run rate of only 6.30 an over. In reply, Lou Vincent scored 42 off 37, the highest score in the match. New Zealand looked to have the game in the bag, needing just 47 off nine overs. However, in the next 7 overs, [[Dwayne Smith]] and [[Chris Gayle]] had only 31 runs scored of their bowling, reducing the Black Caps to 110–8. New Zealand then required 17 to win off the last over and the game looked beyond them. A [[James Franklin (cricketer)|James Franklin]] six off the second ball changed things and off the last ball, New Zealand required 5 to win and 4 to tie with [[tailender]] [[Shane Bond]] facing. Bond hit a four, sending the game into a bowl off. The first 12 balls missed the stumps and it took two hits from last ball hero Shane Bond to break the deadlock and then a hit from [[Scott Styris]] gave New Zealand a 3–0 win in the bowl off.

===First ODI: 18 February in Wellington===
{{Limited overs matches
| date = 18 February 2006
| time = 14:30
| daynight = yes
| team1 = {{cr-rt|NZL}}
| score1 = 288/9 (50 overs)
| score2 = 207 (47.3 overs)
| team2 = {{cr|WIN}}
| runs1 = [[Nathan Astle]] 90 (106)
| wickets1 = [[Chris Gayle]] 2/42 (10 overs)
| runs2 = [[Ramnaresh Sarwan]] 56 (83)
| wickets2 = [[Daniel Vettori]] 2/29 (10 overs)
| result = {{cr|NZL}} won by 81 runs.
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/237568.html]
| venue = [[Westpac Stadium]], [[Wellington]]
| umpires = [[Rudi Koertzen]] and [[Tony Hill (umpire)|Tony Hill]]
| motm = [[Nathan Astle]] (New Zealand)
| toss = New Zealand won the toss and elected to bat.
| rain =
| notes =
}}
New Zealand recorded a comprehensive victory with [[Nathan Astle]] scoring 90 and New Zealand ending up on 288–9 off 50 overs. West Indies never looked like winning, with wickets falling at regular intervals, despite [[Ramnaresh Sarwan]] and [[Daren Ganga]] both scoring 50s. Vice Captain [[Daniel Vettori]] was the pick of the New Zealand bowlers with 2–29 off 10 overs.

===Second ODI: 22 February in Queenstown===
{{Limited overs matches
| date = 22 February 2006
| time = 10:30
| daynight =
| team1 = {{cr-rt|WIN}}
| score1 = 200/9 (50 overs)
| score2 = 204/7 (42 overs)
| team2 = {{cr|NZL}}
| runs1 = [[Wavell Hinds]] 76 (88)
| wickets1 = [[Shane Bond]] 2/23 (10 overs)
| runs2 = [[Daniel Vettori]] 53* (56)
| wickets2 = [[Ian Bradshaw]] 2/31 (10 overs)
| result = {{cr|NZL}} won by 3 wickets (with 48 balls remaining).
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/238176.html]
| venue = [[Queenstown Events Centre]], [[Queenstown, New Zealand|Queenstown]]
| umpires = [[Rudi Koertzen]] and [[Billy Bowden]]
| motm = [[Daniel Vettori]] (New Zealand)
| toss = New Zealand won the toss and elected to field.
| rain =
| notes =
}}

New Zealand won the toss and elected to field first. Good opening spells from [[James Franklin (cricketer)|James Franklin]] and [[Shane Bond]] restricted the West Indies to 10–2 of 10.1 overs. [[Wavell Hinds]] was the only West Indian batsman who looked dangerous, scoring 76 off 88 balls. Bond was the pick of the New Zealand bowlers, who did well to restrict the West Indies to 200–9 off 50 overs. The West Indies struck back early in New Zealand's innings, leaving the hosts struggling on 13–4 after 3.2 overs. This was thanks to the bowling of [[Ian Bradshaw]] and [[Fidel Edwards]] who both got two wickets. However, sensible batting from [[Peter Fulton]] (49), [[Brendon McCullum]] (45) and vice-captain [[Daniel Vettori]] (53*) saw New Zealand home with 3 wickets in hand. Vettori was awarded [[Man of the match]] for his allround figures of 53 [[not out]] and 28–1 off ten overs.

===Third ODI: 25 February in Christchurch===
{{Limited overs matches
| date = 25 February 2006
| time = 14:30
| daynight = yes
| team1 = {{cr-rt|NZL}}
| score1 = 276/6 (50 overs)
| score2 = 255 (49 overs)
| team2 = {{cr|WIN}}
| runs1 = [[Nathan Astle]] 118* (126)
| wickets1 = [[Ian Bradshaw]] 3/41 (8 overs)
| runs2 = [[Ramnaresh Sarwan]] 65 (78)
| wickets2 = [[Jeetan Patel]] 3/42 (8 overs)
| result = {{cr|NZL}} won by 21 runs.
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/238177.html]
| venue = [[Lancaster Park|Jade Stadium]], [[Christchurch]]
| umpires = [[Rudi Koertzen]] and [[Billy Bowden]]
| motm = [[Nathan Astle]] (New Zealand)
| toss = New Zealand won the toss and elected to bat.
| rain =
| notes = New Zealand won the 5 match series, 3–0.
}}

New Zealand won the toss and decided to bat first, going less than five an over for most of the innings. However some late hitting by [[Nathan Astle]], who finished on 118 [[not out]] and hit three sixes off the last three balls of the innings, got New Zealand to 276–6. [[Ian Bradshaw]] was the pick of the West Indian bowlers, with 3–41 off 8 overs. In the West Indies innings, [[Chris Gayle]] scored a 23 ball 38, putting the run rate above 6 an over. However [[Daniel Vettori]] brought the Kiwis back into the game with two wickets in one over. Later on, Astle backed up his batting effort with a one handed catch on the rope. The West Indies finished all out at the end of 49 overs. Astle was named [[Man of the Match]] for the second time in three matches. New Zealand have now won the series.

===Fourth ODI: 1 March in Napier===
{{Limited overs matches
| date = 1 March 2006
| time = 10:30
| daynight =
| team1 = {{cr-rt|NZL}}
| score1 = 324/6 (50 overs)
| score2 = 233/8 (50 overs)
| team2 = {{cr|WIN}}
| runs1 = [[Lou Vincent]] 102 (117)
| wickets1 = [[Chris Gayle]] 3/50 (10 overs)
| runs2 = [[Runako Morton]] 110 (155)
| wickets2 = [[Kyle Mills]] 3/45 (10 overs)
| result = {{cr|NZL}} won by 91 runs.
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/238178.html]
| venue = [[McLean Park]], [[Napier, New Zealand|Napier]]
| umpires = [[Rudi Koertzen]] and [[Billy Bowden]]
| motm = [[Lou Vincent]] (New Zealand)
| toss = West Indies won the toss and elected to field.
| rain =
| notes =
}}

The West Indies won the tost and decided to field. New Zealand got off to a good start, with an opening partnership of 106 between [[Lou Vincent]] and captain [[Stephen Fleming]]. [[Nathan Astle]] continued his fine form, with 81 runs. Debutant [[Ross Taylor]] made 15 off ten balls before being runout. Some late hitting from [[Brendon McCullum]] got New Zealand past the 300 mark. [[Chris Gayle]] and [[Fidel Edwards]] were the West Indies best bowlers, with respective figures of 3–50 and 0–23, with each bowling 10 overs.

The West Indies found themselves in trouble early, losing Gayle for 5. The West Indies never looked competitive, with only [[Runako Morton]] getting past fifty, going on to make 110 [[not out]] off 155. Kyle Mills was New Zealands best bowler, with 3–45 while [[Daniel Vettori]] continued his economical series, claiming 1–32 off ten overs.

===Fifth ODI: 4 March in Auckland===
{{Limited overs matches
| date = 4 March 2006
| time = 14:30
| daynight = yes
| team1 = {{cr-rt|NZL}}
| score1 = 233 (49.3 overs)
| score2 = 234/7 (49.4 overs)
| team2 = {{cr|WIN}}
| runs1 = [[Scott Styris]] 90 (119)
| wickets1 = [[Dwayne Smith]] 5/45 (10 overs)
| runs2 = [[Shivnarine Chanderpaul]] 41 (47)
| wickets2 = [[Shane Bond]] 3/32 (9.4 overs)
| result = {{cr|WIN}} won by 3 wickets (with 2 balls remaining).
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/238178.html]
| venue = [[Eden Park]], [[Auckland]]
| umpires = [[Daryl Harper]] and [[Tony Hill (umpire)|Tony Hill]]
| motm = [[Dwayne Smith]] (West Indies)
| toss = New Zealand won the toss and elected to bat.
| rain =
| notes = New Zealand won the 5 match series, 4–1.
}}

New Zealand won the toss, electing to bat, resting [[Daniel Vettori]], [[Jamie How]] and [[Michael Mason (cricketer)|Michael Mason]] who all played in the first ODI, as they had already won the series. New Zealand were in trouble early, with [[Lou Vincent]] and [[Nathan Astle]] both being dismissed before the side reached double figures. Despite 90 from [[Scott Styris]], New Zealand failure at creating partnerships left them all out on 233. [[Dwayne Smith]] picked up 5–45.

The West Indies played very conservatively in the first ten overs, scoring just 10, in the hopes of not losing a wicket to [[Shane Bond]]. The West Indies then looked to score after that, with every batsmen making a contribution. The West Indies managed to get 234 in the final over, with 3 wickets in hand and 2 balls to spare.

==Test Matches==
===First Test (9–13 March)===
{{Test match
|date = 9–13 March 2006
|team1 = {{cr-rt|NZL}}
|team2 = {{cr|WIN}}
|score-team1-inns1 = 275 (69.1 overs)
|runs-team1-inns1 = [[Scott Styris|SB Styris]] 103[[not out|*]] (122)
|wickets-team1-inns1 = [[Ian Bradshaw|IDR Bradshaw]] 3–73 (23.1 overs)
|score-team2-inns1 = 257 (71.2 overs)
|runs-team2-inns1 = [[Ramnaresh Sarwan|RR Sarwan]] 62 (108)
|wickets-team2-inns1 = [[Chris Martin (cricketer)|CS Martin]] 3–80 (17 overs)
|score-team1-inns2 = 272 (103.1 overs)
|runs-team1-inns2 = [[Brendon McCullum|BB McCullum]] 74 (126)
|wickets-team1-inns2 = [[Chris Gayle|CH Gayle]] 4–71 (30.1 overs)
|score-team2-inns2 = 263 (102.3 overs)
|runs-team2-inns2 = [[Daren Ganga|D Ganga]] 95 (231)
|wickets-team2-inns2 = [[Shane Bond|SE Bond]] 5–69 (27.3 overs)
|result = New Zealand won by 27 runs
|venue = [[Eden Park]], [[Auckland]], [[New Zealand]]
|umpires = [[Daryl Harper|DJ Harper]] ([[Australia|AUS]]) and [[Rudi Koertzen|RE Koertzen]] ([[South Africa|SA]])
|toss = West Indies won the toss and elected to field.
|motm = [[Shane Bond|SE Bond]] ([[New Zealand|NZ]])
|report = [http://uk.cricinfo.com/db/ARCHIVE/2005-06/WI_IN_NZ/SCORECARDS/WI_NZ_T1_09-13MAR2006.html Scorecard]
|rain =
|notes = [[Peter Fulton|PG Fulton]] and [[Jamie How|JM How]] (both NZ) and [[Ian Bradshaw|IDR Bradshaw]] (WI) made their Test debuts.
}}

===Second Test (17–20 March)===
{{Test match
|date = 17–20 March 2006
|team1 = {{cr-rt|WIN}}
|team2 = {{cr|NZL}}
|score-team1-inns1 = 192 (61.4 overs)
|runs-team1-inns1 = [[Runako Morton|RS Morton]] 63 (117)
|wickets-team1-inns1 = [[James Franklin (cricketer)|JEC Franklin]] 5–53 (20 overs)
|score-team2-inns1 = 372 (106.3 overs)
|runs-team2-inns1 = [[Stephen Fleming|SP Fleming]] 97 (131)
|wickets-team2-inns1 = [[Fidel Edwards|FH Edwards]] 5–65 (15.3 overs)
|score-team1-inns2 = 215 (90.5 overs)
|runs-team1-inns2 = [[Chris Gayle|CH Gayle]] 68 (145)
|wickets-team1-inns2 = [[Kyle Mills|KD Mills]] 3–29 (9.5 overs)
|score-team2-inns2 = 37/0 (8.1 overs)
|runs-team2-inns2 = [[Hamish Marshall|HJH Marshall]] 23[[not out|*]] (30)
|wickets-team2-inns2 =
|result = New Zealand won by 10 wickets
|venue = [[Basin Reserve]], [[Wellington]], [[New Zealand]]
|umpires = [[Mark Benson|MR Benson]] ([[England|ENG]]) and [[Daryl Harper|DJ Harper]] ([[Australia|AUS]])
|toss = West Indies won the toss and elected to bat.
|motm = [[Stephen Fleming|SP Fleming]] ([[New Zealand|NZ]])
|report = [http://uk.cricinfo.com/db/ARCHIVE/2005-06/WI_IN_NZ/SCORECARDS/WI_NZ_T2_17-21MAR2006.html Scorecard]
|rain = The match was scheduled for five days but completed in four.
|notes =
}}

===Third Test (25–29 March)===
{{Test match
|date = 25–29 March 2006
|team1 = {{cr-rt|WIN}}
|team2 = {{cr|NZL}}
|score-team1-inns1 = 256/4 (78.1 overs)
|runs-team1-inns1 = [[Brian Lara|BC Lara]] 83 (107)
|wickets-team1-inns1 = [[Nathan Astle|NJ Astle]] 1–23 (14 overs)
|score-team2-inns1 =
|runs-team2-inns1 =
|wickets-team2-inns1 =
|score-team1-inns2 =
|runs-team1-inns2 =
|wickets-team1-inns2 =
|score-team2-inns2 =
|runs-team2-inns2 =
|wickets-team2-inns2 =
|result = Match drawn
|venue = [[McLean Park]], [[Napier, New Zealand|Napier]], [[New Zealand]]
|umpires = [[Mark Benson|MR Benson]] ([[England|ENG]]) and [[Ian Howell|I Howell]] ([[South Africa|SA]])
|toss = New Zealand won the toss and elected to field.
|motm = No award
|report = [http://uk.cricinfo.com/db/ARCHIVE/2005-06/WI_IN_NZ/SCORECARDS/WI_NZ_T3_25-29MAR2006.html Scorecard]
|rain = There was no play on the third, fourth, and fifth days.
|notes =
}}

Despite the Test Series already in the bag for [[New Zealand cricket team|New Zealand]], [[West Indian cricket team|West Indies]] started the third Test with renewed vigour until the first day was stopped after only 27 overs, with the score at 95/1. The second day seemed more promising until, after 52 overs bad rain stopped play – the third and fourth day followed suit until the game was abandoned.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://aus.cricinfo.com/db/ARCHIVE/2005-06/WI_IN_NZ/WI_IN_NZ_FEB-MAR2006_SCHEDULE.html Schedule]

{{International cricket in 2005-06}}
{{International cricket tours of New Zealand}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:West Indian cricket team in New Zealand in 2005-06}}
[[Category:2006 in New Zealand cricket]]
[[Category:2006 in West Indian cricket]]
[[Category:2005–06 New Zealand cricket season]]
[[Category:International cricket competitions in 2005–06]]
[[Category:West Indian cricket tours of New Zealand|2005–06]]

Kaash (2015 film)

2026-03-04T01:27:03Z

Filmeekeeda: minor add structure for accuracy and added references

{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2017}}
{{Infobox film
|name = Kaash
|image = Kaash 2015 poster.jpg
|caption =
|director = Ishaan Nair
|producer = [[Irrfan Khan]]
|story =
|screenplay = Ishaan Nair
|starring = [[Nidhi Sunil]] [[Kavya Trehan]] Varun Mitra [[Kalki Koechlin]]
|music =
|editing =
|cinematography =
|studio =
|distributor =
|released = {{Film date|2015|10|24|df=y|Tokyo International Film Festival}}
|country = India
|runtime = 106 minutes
|language = Hindi
|gross = 
}}

'''''Kaash''''' ({{langx|en|If Only}}) is a 2015 Indian Hindi-language drama film written and directed by Ishaan Nair. Produced by [[Irrfan Khan]], it features [[Nidhi Sunil]], [[Kavya Trehan]], and Varun Mitra in pivotal roles. Actress [[Kalki Koechlin]] makes cameo appearance as a French born hippie in the film. The film premiered at the 2014 Tokyo film festival.<ref>{{cite web|title=If Only|url=http://2015.tiff-jp.net/en/lineup/works_sp.php?id=38|publisher=Tokyo International Film Festival 2015|accessdate=31 December 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Bhaskaran|first1=Gautaman|title=Two Indian movies, vastly different, play at Tokyo Film Fest|url=http://m.hindustantimes.com/world-cinema/two-indian-movies-vastly-different-play-at-tokyo-film-fest/story-UccLPNa0WaMtV3cxjvoR4J.html|website=[[Hindustan Times]]|accessdate=31 December 2016|date=27 October 2016|archive-date=6 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190706194502/https://www.hindustantimes.com/world-cinema/two-indian-movies-vastly-different-play-at-tokyo-film-fest/story-UccLPNa0WaMtV3cxjvoR4J.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>

== Plot ==

{{no plot|date=July 2018}}
Frustrated with his dwindling relationship, Aadil, a dreamy young photographer, spontaneously sets off to meet a girl he has connected with over the vast universe of the Internet. Far from the urban dystopia of Bombay he falls into Khushali's simple world of earthly delights. In her, he finds strains of Samira, as she was and as she has become.

== Cast ==
* [[Nidhi Sunil]] as Samira
* [[Kavya Trehan]] as Khushali
* Varun Mitra as Aadil
* [[Kalki Koechlin]] (cameo)

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{IMDb title|5111940}}

[[Category:2015 films]]
[[Category:2015 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:2015 Indian films]]
[[Category:Indian drama films]]

{{2010s-Hindi-film-stub}}

Awara (film)

2026-03-04T00:21:31Z

Filmeekeeda: fixed issues

{{Distinguish|text=the 1951 film [[Awaara]]}}
{{EngvarB|date=January 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2014}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Awara
| image = Awara (2012) poster.jpg
| caption =
| director = [[Rabi Kinagi|Ravi Kinnagi]]
| story = [[Akula Siva]]
| producer = [[Shree Venkatesh Films]]
| starring = [[Jeet (actor)|Jeet]] [[Sayantika Banerjee]] [[Mukul Dev]] [[Ashish Vidyarthi]]
| cinematography = Mohan Verma
| editing = Mohammad Kalam
| music = [[Jeet Gannguli]]
| screenplay = [[N.K. Salil]]
| studio = [[Shree Venkatesh Films]]
| distributor = [[Shree Venkatesh Films]]
| released = {{Film date|2012|07|13|df=yes}}
| runtime = 160 minutes
| country = [[India]]
| language = [[Bengali language|Bengali]]
| budget = 
| gross = 
}}

'''''Awara''''' is a 2012 Indian [[Bengali language|Bengali]]-language [[Action comedy|action comedy film]] co-written and directed by [[Ravi Kinagi|Ravi Kinnagi]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Awara (2012) - Movie {{!}} Reviews, Cast & Release Date in meerut - BookMyShow|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/meerut/movies/awara-/ET00010363|access-date=2021-10-23|website=in.bookmyshow.com}}</ref> Produced by [[Shrikant Mohta]] under the banner of [[Shree Venkatesh Films]], the screenplay and dialogues of the film were written by [[N. K. Salil]]. It stars [[Jeet (actor)|Jeet]], [[Sayantika Banerjee]], [[Mukul Dev]] (in his debut in [[Cinema of West Bengal|Bengali cinema]]) and [[Ashish Vidyarthi]] in lead roles, while [[Kharaj Mukherjee]], [[Biswajit Chakraborty]], [[Biswanath Basu]], [[Supriyo Dutta]], Tulika Basu, [[Kamalika Banerjee]] and [[Arun Bannerjee|Arun Banerjee]] play another pivotal roles, with Subhasish Mukherjee in a guest appearance. It is a remake of the Telugu Movie ''[[Krishna (2008 film)|Krishna]].'' The film is placed [[List of highest-grossing Indian Bengali films|List of highest-grossing Bengali films]].<ref>{{Cite news|title=Awara - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/previews/awara/articleshow/13699156.cms|access-date=2021-10-23|website=The Times of India|date=June 2012 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Jeet's the new awara - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/jeets-the-new-awara/articleshow/13517075.cms|access-date=2021-10-23|website=The Times of India}}</ref>

==Plot==
The film is about Surya Narayan ([[Jeet (actor)|Jeet]]) who was once a software engineer but quits his job to give it to his poor friend and is unemployed in the city of [[Cooch Behar]]. Poulomi ([[Sayantika Banerjee]]) is a girl from [[Kolkata]] who studies in college and comes to [[Cooch Behar]] for her vacation to stay with her elder brother Madan Mohan ([[Kharaj Mukherjee]]) and his wife. Surya falls in love with Poulomi at first sight in Ransh Mela and starts chasing her to win her heart and enters the upper portion of their house as tenants with his elder brother, Upendra Narayan ([[Biswajit Chakraborty]]) and sister in law (Tulika Basu). In this process Surya will clash with local rowdy Shanatan Panja ([[Tamal Roychowdhury]]). Mistaking him to be one tapori, Poulomi hates him first but later on she realizes his true nature . She returns to [[Kolkata]] and lives with her older brother ([[Ashish Vidyarthi]]), a former builder and now a very powerful rowdy who is very possessive and protective of his sister. Surya follows Poulomi to [[Kolkata]] and works his way into their house with the help of Madan Mohan and finally both of them confess their love. There, Surya knows the past of Poulomi and how she is being chased by the notorious and cruel Tony Bharadwaj ([[Mukul Dev]]) assisted by his uncle ([[Supriyo Dutta]]) for marriage. Surya fights Tony, Poulomi's older brother kills Tony, and Surya marries Poulomi.

==Cast==

{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
! ACTOR !! ROLE
|-
|[[Jeet (actor)|Jeet]]
|Surya Narayan/Surya
|-
|[[Sayantika Banerjee|Sayantika]]
|Poulomi
|-
|[[Mukul Dev]]
|Tony Bharadwaj, who controls all the local MLAs and ministers
|-
|[[Ashish Vidyarthi]]
|Indrajit
|-
|[[Kharaj Mukherjee]]
|Madan Mohan
|-
|[[Kamalika Banerjee]]
|Madan Mohan's wife
|-
|[[Supriyo Dutta]]
| Gunodhar Chakraborty, Tony's uncle
|-
|[[Biswajit Chakraborty]]
|
|-
|Tulika Bose
|Surya's sister-in-law (Upendra's wife)
|-
|[[Biswanath Basu]]
|Surya's friend
|-
|[[Tamal Roy Chowdhury]]
|Sanatan Panja
|-
|[[Subhasish Mukhopadhyay|Subhasish Mukherjee]]
|The man who gives rooms for rent to Surya and Poulami
|-
|[[Mousumi Das]]
|Prashanta's daughter
|-
|[[Rintu Dey]]
|Bubai; Upendra's son and Surya's Nephew
|-
|[[Rajat Ganguly]]
|Prashanta, Chairman of the Municipal Corporation
|-
|[[Arun Banerjee]]
|Advocate Dulal Bhowmik
|}

==Soundtrack==

{{Infobox album
| name = Awara
| type = soundtrack
| artist = [[Jeet Gannguli]], Dev Sen
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 13 July 2012
| recorded = 2012
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Film soundtrack|Feature film soundtrack]]
| length =
| language = Bengali
| label = [[Shree Venkatesh Films|SVF]]
| producer = [[Shree Venkatesh Films]]
| prev_title =
| prev_year =
| next_title =
| next_year =
| misc = {{Singles
| name = Awara
| type = Soundtrack
| single1 = Awara (title track)
| single1date = 12 Jun 2012
| single2 = Porle Mone
| single2date = 22 Jun 2012
| single3 = Moner Radio
| single3date = 27 Jun 2012
| single4 = Phool Koli
| single4date = 3 Jul 2012
| single5 = Sarunsa
| single5date = 22 August 2012
| single6 = Ebar Beshi Hobe Na
| single6date = 5 September 2012
| single7 = Moner Radio (female)
| single7date = 15 November 2012
}}
{{Extra chronology
| artist = [[Jeet Gannguli]]
| type = soundtrack
| prev_title = [[Jaaneman (2012 film)|Jaaneman]]
| prev_year = 2012
| title = Awara
| year = 2012
| next_title = [[Paglu 2]]
| next_year = 2012
}}
{{Extra chronology
| artist = Dev Sen
| type = Soundtrack
| prev_title =
| prev_year =
| title = Awara
| year = 2012
| next_title = [[Deewana (2013 film)|Deewana]]
| next_year = 2013
}}
}}
<ref>{{Cite news |date=2017-01-11 |title=Language was no barrier for Shilpa Rao |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/language-was-no-barrier-for-shilpa-rao/articleshow/13006855.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250831151903/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/language-was-no-barrier-for-shilpa-rao/articleshow/13006855.cms |archive-date=2025-08-31 |access-date=2025-08-31 |work=[[The Times of India]] |issn=0971-8257 |quote=Shilpa Rao to lend her voice in ''Awara'', under Jeet Gannguli's supervision.}}</ref>{{tracklist
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length =
| all_writing =
| all_lyrics =
| all_music = [[Jeet Gannguli]], Dev Sen
| title1 = Porle Mone
| lyrics1 =
| music1 = Jeet Gannguli
| extra1 = Jeet Gannguli
| length1 = 4:29
| title2 = Moner Radio
| lyrics2 =
| music2 = Jeet Gannguli
| extra2 = Jeet Gannguli, [[Shilpa Rao]]
| length2 = 2:50
| title3 = Phool Koli
| lyrics3 =
| music3 = Dev Sen
| extra3 = Prasenjit Mallick, Dev Sen
| length3 = 3:42
| title4 = Awara (Title Track)
| lyrics4 =
| music4 = Dev Sen
| extra4 = Prasenjit Mallick, Megha Bhardwaj
| length4 = 4:08
}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|2794316}}
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Alaigal Oivathillai

2026-03-03T05:06:25Z

Filmeekeeda: adjust structure for consistency and cleaned formatting as per guidelines

{{short description|1981 film by Bharathiraja}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2022}}
{{Infobox film
| image = Alaigal Oivathillai poster.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Bharathiraja]]a
| screenplay = Bharathirajaa
| story = [[Manivannan]]
| starring = {{ubl|[[Karthik (actor)|Karthik]]|[[Radha (actress)|Radha]]}}
| producer = R. D. Bhaskar
| music = [[Ilaiyaraaja]]
| cinematography = [[B. Kannan]]
| editing = R. Bhaskaran
| studio = Pavalar Creations
| runtime = 138 minutes{{Sfn|Dhananjayan|2011|p=64}}
| released = {{film date|1981|7|18|df=y}}
| country = India
| language = Tamil
}}

'''''Alaigal Oivathillai''''' ({{translation|Waves never cease}}) is a 1981 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[Teen film|teen]] [[romantic drama film]] written and directed by [[Bharathiraja]]a, from a story by [[Manivannan]]. The film stars [[Karthik (actor)|Karthik]] and [[Radha (actress)|Radha]], in their acting debuts. [[Thiagarajan]], [[Silk Smitha]] and [[Kamala Kamesh]] appear in supporting roles. The story follows a [[Hinduism|Hindu]] boy who falls in love with a [[Christianity in Tamil Nadu|Christian]] girl. How the lovers unite braving all the obstacles, forms the crux of the story.

The story and screenplay were written by [[Manivannan]] and Bharathiraja, respectively. The cinematography was handled by [[B. Kannan]], and editing was handled by R. Bhaskaran while the music was composed by [[Ilaiyaraaja]]. The film was simultaneously shot along with its [[Telugu language|Telugu]] version titled ''[[Seethakoka Chilaka]]'' (1981) where Karthik and Smitha reprised their roles. Filming took place entirely in [[Muttom, Kanyakumari]].

''Alaigal Oivathillai'' was released on 18 July 1981 to majorly positive reviews and became a commercial success. The film received eight [[Tamil Nadu State Film Awards]], including [[Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Film|Best Film]], [[Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Director|Best Director]] and [[Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Story Writer|Best Story Writer]]. It was remade by Bharathiraja in [[Hindi]] as [[Lovers (1983 film)|''Lovers'']] in 1983.

== Plot ==
Vichu, a laidback teenager from an orthodox [[Brahmin]] family, lives with his widowed mother, a music teacher, in a coastal village. Mary, a modernised [[Christianity in Tamil Nadu|Christian]] girl studying in a nearby town, returns to the village after finishing her examinations, where her wealthy brother David lives with his wife Elissy. David is ruthless, arrogant and feared by the villagers. However, he is extremely protective of his sister. Once when she sings with her friends, Vichu and his friends mock her singing skills. Feeling insulted, she decides to learn singing, obtains permission from David and enrolls in music classes under Vichu's mother.

Mary soon excels and gets the appreciation of Vichu's mother. Vichu gets impressed with Mary's perseverance and when she sings a song exceedingly well, he loses his heart to her. He starts chasing her and expresses his love. Mary, however, avoids him and goes to the extent of slapping him. But the same anger turns into love when she realises his true love for her.

The relationship between Vichu and Mary grows and they become very close to each other without their families knowing. Two children playing on the beach see Vichu and Mary romancing; one of them informs her mother, who in turn informs Elissy about their affair. Elissy berates Mary for courting a non-Christian and warns her of the consequences, should David learn. Elissy prevents Mary from leaving her house, instead arranging for Vichu's mother to teach her there. Vichu and Mary start exchanging messages written on paper pieces tucked in the [[harmonium]]. Despite Elissy's control, Mary manages to meet Vichu. Vichu's mother accidentally sees a note in the harmonium and cautions Vichu. However, he explains his true love and seeks her support.

Mary gets admission in a city college, but her love for Vichu prompts her to adopt ingenious techniques to fall ill to enable her to get excuses to cancel the trip. Vichu's friends say the best way to resolve the matter is by proposing formally. Vichu and his friends visit David at his house and propose Vichu's marriage with Mary; David angrily refuses, beats Mary and berates Elissy for being irresponsible. He then locks up Mary and vows to stop her love affair with Vichu.

During the course of events, David gets aroused by his servant Mari's wife undressing, enters her bath hut (which had no door lock) and rapes her. Elissy who sees the whole thing is too afraid to stop David and she frantically tries to divert Mari's attention to avoid exposing David and thereby shaming her family. Though he is caught in the act, David cleanly gets away due to his clout and Mari and his wife, realizing David's power and influence in the village quietly leave the house, after sarcastically telling David that he had already 'repaid' them for their loyalty, and Elissy — rather than they — should be given the final payment for [[coolie]] services rendered, for standing 'guard' so faithfully during the shameful act.

Hurt by the barbed comment but knowing she did wrong and enraged at David's lack of remorse and callousness when she confronted him about the rape, Elissy now turns against David. She decides to help Mary, who truly loves Vichu and helps Mary meet Vichu secretly. David, who comes to know of this, decides to get Mary married to a relative in a hurry. The priest at the local church meets David and advises him to understand true love and support the young lovers, but David disagrees as he feels religion is more important than emotions. Elissy is against his plan, and advises Mary to meet Vichu and decide their future.

Mary and Vichu decide not to run away, but to live in the same village. When they are together, David ends up beating Vichu and his friends, takes Mary away and speeds up the process of her forced marriage. When Mary is determined to marry Vichu, Elissy takes her to Vichu's house and hands her over to his mother. Though Vichu's mother is apprehensive, she does not wish to abort their love and accepts Mary. However, David and his people arrive; Vichu's mother asks him and Mary to run away to a safer place. They both run away but remain at the beach. The night passes with protection from their friends. David meets the villagers and provokes them for allowing a [[Hinduism|Hindu]] to elope with a Christian. All the villagers join him and come to attack the lovers the next morning.

Vichu and Mary notice the armed crowds coming and decide to face them. An armed David comes to attack Vichu, but is stopped by the priest who advises David to be a human and respect love. David insists that as a true Christian he will not allow Mary to marry a non-Christian as long as she is Christian. In response, Vichu and Mary renounce their respective religions, much to the shock of David and the villagers, then walk away. Vichu's friends celebrate the lovers' newfound happiness and peace.

== Cast ==
{{Cast listing|
* [[Karthik (actor)|Karthik]] as Vichu
*[[Radha (actress)|Radha]] as Mary
* [[Thiagarajan]] as David
*[[Silk Smitha]] as Elissy
*[[Kamala Kamesh]] as Vichu's mother
* Mohamad as Vagai
*Deepak
*Yunes
*Ranga
*Ramesh
*Purushothaman
*[[Periya Karuppu Thevar]] as Mari
* Renu Chandra as Mari's wife
*[[Vellai Subbaiah]]
*Suresh Chakravarthy
}}

== Production ==
''Alaigal Oivathillai'' is the first film produced by R. D. Bhaskar through the company Pavalar Creations.<ref>{{Cite web |last=அமலன் |date=6 January 2014 |title=பாரதிராஜாவுக்காக படம் எடுத்த இளையராஜா! |trans-title=Ilaiyaraaja produced a film for Bharathiraja! |url=http://www.kungumam.co.in/Articalinnerdetail.aspx?id=6449&id1=67&issue=20140106 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220905044831/http://www.kungumam.co.in/Articalinnerdetail.aspx?id=6449&id1=67&issue=20140106 |archive-date=5 September 2022 |access-date=5 September 2022 |website=[[Kungumam (magazine)|Kungumam]] |language=ta}}</ref> [[Bava Lakshmanan]], who had finished the ninth grade, initially screen tested for the film before [[Karthik (actor)|Karthik]] was selected.<ref>{{cite web |last=பாரதிராஜா |first=மை. |date=11 May 2015 |title=எங்கேயோ பார்த்த முகம் |trans-title=A familiar face |url=http://kungumam.co.in/Articalinnerdetail.aspx?id=8695&id1=3&issue=20150511 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220810091205/http://www.kungumam.co.in/Articalinnerdetail.aspx?id=8695&id1=3&issue=20150511 |archive-date=10 August 2022 |access-date=22 December 2024 |website=[[Kungumam (magazine)|Kungumam]] |language=Tamil}}</ref> Karthik and [[Radha (actress)|Radha]] made their acting debut with this film.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Raghavan |first=Nikhil |date=23 April 2011 |title=Baby steps to fame? |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/Baby-steps-to-fame/article14694089.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191123080501/https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/Baby-steps-to-fame/article14694089.ece |archive-date=23 November 2019 |access-date=6 April 2020 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=15 June 2018 |title=Radha and Karthik made their debut in the same film |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/did-you-know/radha-and-karthik-made-their-debut-in-the-same-film/articleshow/64538444.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200406120150/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/did-you-know/radha-and-karthik-made-their-debut-in-the-same-film/articleshow/64538444.cms |archive-date=6 April 2020 |access-date=6 April 2020 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> When Karthik's father, actor [[R. Muthuraman|Muthuraman]] asked Karthik if he would accept the film, Karthik readily agreed without giving it a second thought.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Ramanujam |first=Srinivasa |date=5 July 2018 |title=Wouldn't advise Gautam to do adult comedies like 'Iruttu Araiyil Murattu Kuthu', says dad Karthik |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/how-a-popular-dialogue-from-mouna-ragam-went-on-to-become-the-title-of-a-film/article24339256.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180718092651/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/how-a-popular-dialogue-from-mouna-ragam-went-on-to-become-the-title-of-a-film/article24339256.ece |archive-date=18 July 2018 |access-date=18 July 2018 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> [[Suresh (actor, born 1963)|Suresh]] said he was also approached for the role but he opted to do ''[[Panneer Pushpangal]]''.<ref>{{Cite interview |last=Suresh |subject-link=Suresh (actor, born 1963) |interviewer=Jyothsna |title=Interview |url=http://www.videos.behindwoods.com/videos-q1-09/actor-actress-interview/suresh.html |access-date=6 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612141109/http://www.videos.behindwoods.com/videos-q1-09/actor-actress-interview/suresh.html |archive-date=12 June 2018 |work=Behindwoods}}</ref> Bharathiraja had also contemplated casting [[Murali (Tamil actor)|Murali]] in the lead role, but ultimately did not do so.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kadal Pookkal |url=http://cinematoday2.itgo.com/kadal_pookkal.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040804003526/http://cinematoday2.itgo.com/kadal_pookkal.htm |archive-date=4 August 2004 |access-date=6 April 2020 |website=Cinema Today}}</ref> [[Thiagarajan]], who was then working as regional manager of [[Polydor Records|Polydor]], made his acting debut with the film.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rangarajan |first=Malathi |date=9 October 2002 |title=It's all about choices |url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/its-all-about-choices/article28383484.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200406111059/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/its-all-about-choices/article28383484.ece |archive-date=6 April 2020 |access-date=6 April 2020 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> None of the three actors recorded their dialogues in their own voices; Karthik's voice was dubbed by [[S. N. Surendar]], Radha's by Anuradha and Thiagarajan's by Bharathiraja.{{Sfn|Dhananjayan|2011|p=65}}<ref>{{Cite web |last=கண்ணன் |first=சுரேஷ் |date=10 July 2020 |title=இளமை காதல், மரபை உடைத்த 'புரட்சி' க்ளைமாக்ஸ்... 80-களில் புதிய அலையை உண்டாக்கிய 'அலைகள் ஓய்வதில்லை!' |url=https://cinema.vikatan.com/tamil-cinema/revisiting-bharathirajas-80s-classic-movie-alaigal-oivathillai-nostalgia-series |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220716230944/https://cinema.vikatan.com/tamil-cinema/revisiting-bharathirajas-80s-classic-movie-alaigal-oivathillai-nostalgia-series |archive-date=16 July 2022 |access-date=5 September 2022 |website=[[Ananda Vikatan]] |language=ta}}</ref> The film was shot entirely in [[Muttom, Kanyakumari]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=ராம்ஜி |first=வி. |date=21 July 2019 |title='' 'அலைகள் ஓய்வதில்லை' க்ளைமாக்ஸை வைத்து முதல் காட்சி எடுத்தார் பாரதிராஜா'' - சித்ரா லட்சுமணன் பேட்டி |url=https://www.hindutamil.in/news/cinema/tamil-cinema/508049-alaigal-oivathillai.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241226123020/https://www.hindutamil.in/news/cinema/tamil-cinema/508049-alaigal-oivathillai.html |archive-date=26 December 2024 |access-date=26 December 2024 |website=[[Hindu Tamil Thisai]] |language=ta}}</ref> For the song "Aayiram Thamarai", Bharathiraja wanted a set with swaying lotuses, for which assistant directors [[Manobala]] and [[Manivannan]] "ran from pillar to post to get it ready". According to Manobala, "We peeled off a plantain sheath and stuck lotus stems to it. Then, both of us raised and swayed the lotus flowers from underwater".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Saravanan |first=T. |date=9 January 2011 |title=Always in reckoning |url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-cinemaplus/Always-in-reckoning/article15512011.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200406123443/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-cinemaplus/Always-in-reckoning/article15512011.ece |archive-date=6 April 2020 |access-date=6 April 2020 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>

== Soundtrack ==
The music was composed by [[Ilaiyaraaja]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Alaigal Oyvathillai Tamil Film LP Vinyl Record by Ilayaraja |url=https://mossymart.com/product/alaigal-oyvathillai-tamil-film-lp-vinyl-record-by-ilayaraja-2/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220902112324/https://mossymart.com/product/alaigal-oyvathillai-tamil-film-lp-vinyl-record-by-ilayaraja-2/ |archive-date=2 September 2022 |access-date=2 September 2022 |website=Mossymart}}</ref> The song "Vizhiyil Vizhundhu", set in [[Shuddha Dhanyasi]] raga,{{Sfn|Sundararaman|2007|p=168}} was composed within 10 minutes while the other songs were composed within half an hour.<ref>{{Cite web |last=மனோபாலா |author-link=Manobala |date=2 November 2015 |title=நான் உங்கள் ரசிகன் 6 |url=http://kungumam.co.in/Articalinnerdetail.aspx?id=9534&id1=3&issue=20151102 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230221155625/http://kungumam.co.in/Articalinnerdetail.aspx?id=9534&id1=3&issue=20151102 |archive-date=21 February 2023 |access-date=21 February 2023 |website=[[Kungumam (magazine)|Kungumam]] |language=ta}}</ref> The song "Putham Pudhu Kaalai", set to [[Natabhairavi]],{{Sfn|Sundararaman|2007|p=155}} was originally recorded for a film titled ''Maruthani'' to be directed by [[Mahendran (filmmaker)|Mahendran]]. As that film was shelved, the song was included on the LP records of ''Alaigal Oivathillai'',<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=44YQC1oCeVQ |title=Putham Pudhu Kaalai – Megha {{!}} Making Video – Part 01 |date=28 April 2016 |language=ta |publisher=GB STUDIO FILMS |time=3:35 |access-date=2 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220902111300/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=44YQC1oCeVQ |archive-date=2 September 2022 |url-status=live |via=[[YouTube]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=துரைக்கண்ணு |first=குமார் |date=2 June 2023 |title=மனத்திரையில் மட்டும் காட்சிப் படிமங்களாக நீந்தும் இளையராஜாவின் 10 பாடல்கள் {{!}} Ilayaraja Birthday Special |url=https://www.hindutamil.in/news/cinema/tamil-cinema/1000362-unpicturised-songs-of-ilayaraja.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230620070203/https://www.hindutamil.in/news/cinema/tamil-cinema/1000362-unpicturised-songs-of-ilayaraja.html |archive-date=20 June 2023 |access-date=24 October 2023 |website=[[Hindu Tamil Thisai]] |language=ta}}</ref> but it was not featured in the film itself.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Yamunan |first=Sruthisagar |date=10 March 2019 |title=Ilaiyaraaja at 75: His preludes and interludes changed the way we listened to Tamil film music |url=https://scroll.in/reel/914398/ilaiyaraaja-at-75-his-preludes-and-interludes-changed-the-way-we-listened-to-tamil-film-music |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190928072005/https://scroll.in/reel/914398/ilaiyaraaja-at-75-his-preludes-and-interludes-changed-the-way-we-listened-to-tamil-film-music |archive-date=28 September 2019 |access-date=6 February 2020 |website=[[Scroll.in]]}}</ref> The flute portions in the song were performed by Sudhakar.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kolappan |first=B. |date=28 March 2023 |title=Flautist Sudhakar, who collaborated with Ilaiyaraaja on many memorable songs, no more |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/flautist-sudhakar-who-collaborated-with-ilaiyaraaja-on-many-memorable-songs-no-more/article66670957.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231118171121/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/flautist-sudhakar-who-collaborated-with-ilaiyaraaja-on-many-memorable-songs-no-more/article66670957.ece |archive-date=18 November 2023 |access-date=5 January 2024 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> It was later remastered for ''[[Megha (2014 film)|Megha]]'' (2014), in which Ilaiyaraaja was also the composer.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kumar |first=S. R. Ashok |date=13 September 2013 |title=Audio Beat: Megha — Musical cloudburst |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-reviews/audio-beat-megha-musical-cloudburst/article5124165.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171028044602/http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-reviews/audio-beat-megha-musical-cloudburst/article5124165.ece |archive-date=28 October 2017 |access-date=6 April 2020 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> The song was also reused as "Halke Se Bole" in the [[Hindi]] film ''[[Paa (film)|Paa]]'' (2009),<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kini |first=Nandan |title=A Novel Score |url=http://www.planetradiocity.com/musicreporter/music-review-details/Paa/135 |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://archive.today/20150209124652/http://www.planetradiocity.com/musicreporter/music-review-details/Paa/135 |archive-date=9 February 2015 |access-date=2 April 2018 |website=Planet Radio City}}</ref> and was sampled for a [[Hindustan Unilever|Kissan Fruit Kick]] commercial.<ref>{{Cite web |last=S |first=Karthik |title=Indian Advertisements |url=https://www.itwofs.com/advt.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240718201220/https://itwofs.com/advt.html |archive-date=18 July 2024 |access-date=26 December 2024 |website=[[ItwoFS]]}}</ref> The song "Kadhal Oviyam" was reused as "Meri Zindagi" in the Hindi film ''[[Aur Ek Prem Kahani]]'' (1996), which was also composed by [[Ilaiyaraaja]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Arunachalam |first=Param |title=BollySwar: 1991–2000 |publisher=Mavrix Infotech |isbn=978-81-938482-1-0 |pages=670}}</ref> The song "Aayiram Thamarai", set to [[Shubhapantuvarali]],{{Sfn|Sundararaman|2007|p=125}} was reused in ''[[Vaigai (film)|Vaigai]]'' (2009).<ref>{{Cite news |date=25 April 2009 |title=Sabesh and Murali's musical journey |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/Sabesh-and-Muralis-musical-journey/articleshow/4444364.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230506142020/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/sabesh-and-muralis-musical-journey/articleshow/4444364.cms |archive-date=6 May 2023 |access-date=6 April 2020 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> The song "Vaadi En Kappa Kelange" was remixed by [[Dhina]] in ''[[Sandai]]'' (2008).<ref>{{Cite news |date=9 October 2019 |title=Lights Camera Playback: 12 times filmmakers tried their hands at playback singing |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/photos/slideshows/2019/oct/09/lights-camera-playback-12-times-filmmakers-tried-their-hands-at-playback-singing-666.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20231020064717/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/photos/slideshows/2019/oct/09/lights-camera-playback-12-times-filmmakers-tried-their-hands-at-playback-singing-666--10.html |archive-date=20 October 2023 |access-date=20 October 2023 |work=[[Cinema Express]] |pages=10}}</ref>

{{Track listing
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Aayiram Thaamarai
| lyrics1 = [[Vairamuthu]]
| extra1 = [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[S. Janaki]]
| length1 = 4:30
| title2 = Darisanam Kidaikaathaa
| note2 = Female
| lyrics2 = [[Vairamuthu]]
| extra2 = S. Janaki
| length2 = 1:12
| title3 = Darisanam Kidaikaathaa
| note3 = Male
| lyrics3 = Vairamuthu
| extra3 = [[Ilaiyaraaja]]
| length3 = 1:50
| title4 = Kaadhal Oviyam
| note4 = Version 1
| lyrics4 = Panchu Arunachalam
| extra4 = Ilaiyaraaja, [[Jency Anthony]]
| length4 = 4:38
| title5 = Kaadhal Oviyam
| note5 = Version 2
| lyrics5 = Panchu Arunachalam
| extra5 = Ilaiyaraaja, Jency Anthony
| length5 = 1:51
| title6 = Lambodhara
| lyrics6 = Ilaiyaraaja
| extra6 = S. Janaki
| length6 = 0:53
| title7 = Putham Pudhu Kaalai
| lyrics7 = [[Gangai Amaran]]
| extra7 = S. Janaki
| length7 = 4:34
| title8 = Sa Ri Ga Ma Pa
| lyrics8 = Ilaiyaraaja
| extra8 = Guruvayoor Rajam, S. Janaki
| length8 = 2:03
| title9 = Thothiram Paadiye
| lyrics9 = Ilaiyaraaja
| extra9 = Ilaiyaraaja, B. S. Sasirekha
| length9 = 0:47
| title10 = Vaadi En Kappa Kelange
| lyrics10 = Gangai Amaran
| extra10 = Ilaiyaraaja, [[Gangai Amaran]], Bhaskaran, Jency Anthony
| length10 = 4:45
| title11 = Vaazhvellaam Aanandame
| lyrics11 = Ilaiyaraaja
| extra11 = Ilaiyaraaja, S. Janaki
| length11 = 1:27
| title12 = Vizhiyil Vizhundhu
| lyrics12 = Vairamuthu
| extra12 = Ilaiyaraaja, B. S. Sasirekha
| length12 = 4:03
| total_length = 32:33
}}

== Release and reception ==
''Alaigal Oivathillai'' was released on 18 July 1981.<ref>{{Cite news |last=ராம்ஜி |first=வி. |date=18 July 2019 |title=''முதல் படத்துல ஒரு திட்டு கூட வாங்கலை'' - நடிகை ராதாவின் 'அலைகள் ஓய்வதில்லை' ப்ளாஷ்பேக் பேட்டி |url=https://www.hindutamil.in/news/cinema/tamil-cinema/507685-alaigal-oivathillai-radha.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190718100035/https://www.hindutamil.in/news/cinema/tamil-cinema/507685-alaigal-oivathillai-radha.html |archive-date=18 July 2019 |access-date=6 April 2020 |work=[[Hindu Tamil Thisai]] |language=ta}}</ref> In a review dated 2 August 1981, the Tamil magazine ''[[Ananda Vikatan]]'' rated the film 50 out of 100.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 August 1981 |title=சினிமா விமர்சனம்: அலைகள் ஓய்வதில்லை! |url=https://www.vikatan.com/arts/nostalgia/43116--2 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200406113401/https://www.vikatan.com/arts/nostalgia/43116--2 |archive-date=6 April 2020 |access-date=6 February 2020 |website=[[Ananda Vikatan]] |language=ta}}</ref> Sindhu-Jeeva of ''[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]]'' praised Kannan's cinematography, Ilaiyaraaja's music, editing and the climax for creating excitement and concluded calling it another colourful painting by Bharathiraja highlighting love.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=சிந்து-ஜீவா |date=16 August 1981 |title=அலைகள் ஓய்வதில்லை |url=https://archive.org/details/kalki1981-08-16/page/7/mode/2up |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20230410130304/https://archive.org/details/kalki1981-08-16/page/7/mode/2up |archive-date=10 April 2023 |access-date=10 April 2023 |magazine=[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]] |page=7 |language=Ta |via=[[Internet Archive]]}}</ref> The then [[Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu]], [[M. G. Ramachandran]] applauded the performance of Smitha, and encouraged her to perform more similar roles.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Ramesh |first=Neeraja |date=23 September 2019 |title=Decoding Silk Smitha for Gen Z |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/decoding-silk-smitha-for-gen-z/articleshow/71250400.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211020103717/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/decoding-silk-smitha-for-gen-z/articleshow/71250400.cms |archive-date=20 October 2021 |access-date=10 April 2020 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>

== Accolades ==
''Alaigal Oivathillai'' won eight [[Tamil Nadu State Film Awards]]. They were [[Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Film|Best Film]], [[Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Director|Best Director]] (Bharathiraja), [[Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Music Director|Best Music Director]] (Ilaiyaraaja), [[Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Lyricist|Best Lyricist]] (Vairamuthu), [[Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Cinematographer|Best Cinematographer]] (B. Kannan), [[Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Story Writer|Best Story Writer]] (Manivannan), Best Debut Actor Male (Karthik) and Best Debut Actor Female (Radha).{{Sfn|Dhananjayan|2011|p=66}}

== Other versions ==
''Alaigal Oivathillai'' was simultaneously shot along with its Telugu version titled ''[[Seethakoka Chilaka]]'' by Bharathiraja himself with Karthik and Smitha reprising their roles, which was released one month later.<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 April 2018 |title=నువ్వు పట్టుచీర కడితే... |url=https://www.sakshi.com/news/family/describing-seethakoka-chilaka-movie-song-1070024 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220207131939/https://www.sakshi.com/news/family/describing-seethakoka-chilaka-movie-song-1070024 |archive-date=7 February 2022 |access-date=2 April 2021 |website=[[Sakshi (newspaper)|Sakshi]] |language=te}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=21 August 2021 |title=నాలుగు ప‌దుల సీతాకోక‌చిలక‌ |url=https://ntvtelugu.com/40-years-for-seethakoka-chilaka-movie/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210821053922/https://ntvtelugu.com/40-years-for-seethakoka-chilaka-movie/ |archive-date=21 August 2021 |access-date=13 November 2024 |website=[[NTV (India)|NTV]] |language=te}}</ref> Bharathiraja remade it in Hindi as ''[[Lovers (1983 film)|Lovers]]'' in 1983.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Verma |first=Sukanya |date=11 April 2016 |title=Ranbir's forgotten romance in Bachna Ae Haseeno |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/column/ranbirs-forgotten-romance-in-bachna-ae-haseeno/20160411.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200207063101/https://www.rediff.com/movies/column/ranbirs-forgotten-romance-in-bachna-ae-haseeno/20160411.htm |archive-date=7 February 2020 |access-date=6 April 2020 |website=[[Rediff.com]]}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== Bibliography ==
* {{Cite book |last=Dhananjayan |first=G. |author-link=G. Dhananjayan |title=The Best of Tamil Cinema, 1931 to 2010: 1977–2010 |publisher=Galatta Media |year=2011 |oclc=733724281}}
*{{Cite book |last=Sundararaman |title=Raga Chintamani: A Guide to Carnatic Ragas Through Tamil Film Music |publisher=Pichhamal Chintamani |year=2007 |edition=2nd |oclc=295034757 |orig-date=2005}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title}}
* {{Rotten Tomatoes}}
{{Bharathiraja}}
{{TamilNaduStateFilmAwardBestFilm}}
[[Category:1981 Indian films]]
[[Category:1981 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:1980s teen romance films]]
[[Category:1981 films]]
[[Category:1981 romantic drama films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Bharathiraja]]
[[Category:Films scored by Ilaiyaraaja]]
[[Category:Films with screenplays by Bharathiraja]]
[[Category:Indian interfaith romance films]]
[[Category:Indian romantic drama films]]
[[Category:Indian teen romance films]]
[[Category:Tamil films remade in other languages]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language romantic drama films]]

Bengali Hindu diaspora

2026-03-02T18:12:51Z

Filmeekeeda: enhance citations to improve readability and updated info

{{Short description|Worldwide population of Bengali hindus of Indian and Bengali origin}}
{{EngvarB|date=June 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2020}}
The '''Bengali Hindu diaspora''' is the worldwide population of the [[Bengali Hindus]] of [[Indian people|Indian]] and [[Bangladeshi]] origin.

== History ==
In the modern era, the migration of the Bengali Hindus began during the [[British Raj|British colonial era]]. The Bengali Hindu migrants to [[Assam]] were mostly government officials, doctors, lawyers, and teachers by profession. They also settled in parts of the present-day Indian states of [[Bihar]] and [[Jharkhand]], which were at the time included in the [[Bengal Presidency|Presidency of Bengal]]. After the [[partition of India]] and subsequent communal violence in [[East Pakistan]] and [[Bangladesh]] (such as during the [[1971 Bangladesh genocide]]), millions of Bengali Hindu refugees migrated to [[Assam]], [[Bihar]], [[Jharkhand]], [[Tripura]], [[Odisha]], [[Chhattisgarh]], [[Maharashtra]], [[Uttarakhand]] and the [[Andaman and Nicobar Islands]]. Over the years, professionals have migrated from [[Kolkata]] to cities like [[New Delhi]], [[Mumbai]], [[Bangalore]] and [[Pune]], as well as overseas.

== Indian diaspora ==

=== Assam ===
The [[Barak Valley]] comprising the present districts of [[Cachar]], [[Karimganj]] and [[Hailakandi]] is contiguous to [[Sylhet]] (Bengal plains), where the Bengali Hindus, according to historian J.B. Bhattacharjee, had settled well before the colonial period, influencing the culture of Dimasa Kacaharis.<ref name="Cachar">{{cite book |last1=Baruah |first1=Professor of Political Studies Sanjib |last2=Baruah |first2=Sanjib |title=India Against Itself: Assam and the Politics of Nationality |date=29 June 1999 |publisher=University of Pennsylvania Press |isbn=978-0-8122-3491-6 |page=103 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8k-irMMTnywC&dq=bengalis+in+cachar&pg=PA103 |language=en}}</ref> Bhattacharjee describes that the Dimasa kings spoke Bengali and the inscriptions and coins written were in Bengali script.<ref name="Cachar"/> Migrations to Cachar increased after the British annexation of the region.<ref name="Cachar"/> The Bengali Hindus settled in [[Brahmaputra Valley]] largely during the colonial period as professionals. After the Partition and especially after the [[1950 East Bengal genocide|genocide of 1950]], Bengali Hindus of Sylhet immigrated to the Barak Valley. Later on during the 1971 Bangladesh genocide, thousands of Bengali Hindus took refuge in Assam. The Bengali Hindu organizations estimate that there are approximately 6.5 million Bengali Hindus in the state.<ref name="telegraphindia.com">{{cite news |title=12 groups move President - Hindu Bengalis in Assam allege harassment |url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1101127/jsp/northeast/story_13225697.jsp |newspaper=The Telegraph |date=27 November 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304071823/https://www.telegraphindia.com/1101127/jsp/northeast/story_13225697.jsp|archive-date=4 March 2016|access-date=15 July 2012}}</ref>
However different sources have varied estimation of Bengali Hindu population in Assam.

{| class="wikitable"
|+ ''Number of Bengali Hindus residing in Assam (2010-2019)''
|-
! Source/claimed by
! Population
|-
| Claimed by Assam marriage board.<ref>{{cite news |title=Assam board suggests cash incentive to Bengali Hindus marrying Assamese Hindus |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/assam-board-suggests-cash-incentive-to-bengali-hindus-marrying-assamese-hindus/story-ghVIGWWqjquMWIwss7MFVI.html |work=Hindustan Times |date=18 February 2020 |language=en}}</ref>
| 3,000,000
|-
|Confusion, hope run high among Assam's Hindu Bengalis.<ref>{{cite news |title=Confusion, hope run high among Assam's Hindu Bengalis |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/national/east-and-northeast/confusion-hope-run-high-among-assams-hindu-bengalis-786418.html |work=Deccan Herald |date=17 December 2019 |language=en}}</ref>
| 5,000,000
|-
| Claimed KMSS leader Akhil Gogoi.<ref name="fp18Dec2019">{{cite news |title=Citizenship Amendment Act: BJP chasing ghosts in Assam; Census data shows number of Hindu immigrants may have been exaggerated |url=https://www.firstpost.com/india/citizenship-amendment-bill-bjp-chasing-ghosts-in-assam-as-census-data-shows-number-of-hindu-immigrants-couldve-been-exaggerated-5640511.html |work=Firstpost |date=18 December 2019}}</ref>
| 10,000,000
|-
| Claimed AASU chief adviser Samujjal Bhattacharya.<ref name="fp18Dec2019" />
| 7,000,000-7,200,000
|-
| BJP government estimation.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sabrangindia.in/article/exclusive-bjp-govt-plans-evict-70-lakh-muslims-60-lakh-bengali-hindus-through-its-land|title = EXCLUSIVE: BJP Govt plans to evict 70 lakh Muslims, 60 lakh Bengali Hindus through its Land Policy (2019) in Assam|date = 5 December 2019}}</ref>
| 6,000,000
|-
| 2016 Assam election assembly results.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.india.com/news/india/assam-assembly-elections-2016-assamese-are-minority-muslims-are-largest-electoral-group-in-this-poll-battle-1093774/|title = Assam Assembly Elections 2016: Assamese are minority, Muslims are largest electoral group in this poll battle!|date = 8 April 2016}}</ref>
| 6,000,000
|-
| Claimed by NDTV<ref name="thenewsweb.in">{{Cite web|url=https://www.thenewsweb.in/india/bengali-speaking-voters-may-prove-crucial-in-the-second-phase-of-assam-poll/|title=Bengali speaking voters may prove crucial in the second phase of Assam poll - the News Web|access-date=1 June 2021|archive-date=3 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210603194154/https://www.thenewsweb.in/india/bengali-speaking-voters-may-prove-crucial-in-the-second-phase-of-assam-poll/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| 5,620,000
|-
| Claimed by Assam Bengali Hindu organization (ABHO).<ref name="telegraphindia.com"/><ref name="sentinel3jan">{{cite news |title=Hindu Bengali youth body flays 'government neglect' |url=http://www.sentinelassam.com/ghy_city/story.php?sec=1&subsec=0&id=59144&dtP=2011-04-08&ppr=1 |work=The Sentinel |location=Guwahati |date=2 January 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928210951/http://www.sentinelassam.com/ghy_city/story.php?sec=1&subsec=0&id=59144&dtP=2011-04-08&ppr=1 |archive-date=28 September 2011}}</ref>
| 6,500,000-7,200,000
|-
| Claimed by The All Assam Bengali Hindu Association (AABHA)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nenow.in/north-east-news/assam/hindu-bengalis-want-member-in-clause-6-panel-of-assam-accord.html|title = Hindu Bengalis want member in Clause 6 panel of Assam Accord}}</ref>
| 7,802,000
|-
| Claimed by Times of India<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/over-1cr-bengali-refugees-living-outside-bengal/articleshow/67348291.cms|title = Over 1 crore Bengali refugees living outside Bengal | Kolkata News - Times of India|website = [[The Times of India]]}}</ref>
| 7,500,000
|-
| Claimed by Daily O News<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dailyo.in/politics/citizenship-amendment-bill-assam-nrc-illegal-immigration-bangladeshi-infiltration-bjp-hindu-muslim-divide/story/1/24330.html|title = Citizenship Amendment Bill — What is it the Assamese fear the most}}</ref>
| 7,000,000
|-
| Claimed by The Wire<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thewire.in/politics/assam-on-the-boil-again-this-time-over-hindu-migrants-from-bangladesh|title = Assam on the Boil Again, this Time over Hindu Migrants from Bangladesh}}</ref>
| 5,900,000-7,500,000
|-
| Claimed by The News Web <ref name="thenewsweb.in"/>
| 7,500,000
|-
| Claimed by The Hindu <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/former-officers-plea-to-respect-diversity-of-barak-valley/article29272612.ece|title=Former officers' plea to respect diversity of Barak Valley|newspaper=The Hindu|date=28 August 2019}}</ref>
| 7,801,250
|}

=== Tripura ===
The non-tribal population of Tripura, the mostly Bengali-speaking Hindus and Muslims, constitute more than two-thirds of the state's population. The resident and the migrant Bengali population benefitted from the culture and language of the [[Manikya dynasty|royal house of Tripura]] thanks to embracement of Hinduism and adoption of Bengali as the state language by the Maharajahs of Tripura much before [[Indian Independence Act 1947|Indian independence]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Dikshit |first1=K. R. |last2=Dikshit |first2=Jutta K. |title=North-East India: Land, People and Economy |date=21 October 2013 |publisher=Springer Science & Business Media |isbn=978-94-007-7055-3 |page=352 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iorHBAAAQBAJ&dq=The+Manikya+kings+adopted+Bengali+culture&pg=PA352 |language=en}}</ref> After the Partition of India and Tripura's accession to the [[Dominion of India]], thousands of Bengali Hindus from eastern Bengal took refuge in Tripura. The influx of the Bengali Hindus increased during the [[Bangladesh Liberation War]], when of Bengali Hindus were massacred in Bangladesh by the [[Pakistan Army|Pakistani occupation army]]. At present there are around 2.2 million Bengali Hindus in Tripura, making them the largest ethnic group in the state, constituting over 60% of the total population.<ref>{{cite news |title=BJP eyes 2.2 m Bengali Hindus in Tripura quest |url=https://www.dailypioneer.com/2017/sunday-edition/bjp-eyes-22-m-bengali-hindus-in-tripura-quest.html |work=The Pioneer |date=14 May 2017}}</ref>

==Worldwide diaspora==
===Europe===
The Bengali Hindus started migrating into the [[United Kingdom]] from the colonial times. However, the majority of the immigrants settled in the UK in the latter half of the 20th century mostly with white collar jobs. The exact population of the Bengali Hindus are not maintained in the census records.{{citation needed|date=February 2025}}

In [[Italy]], the moderate community of Bengali Hindus celebrate [[Durga Puja]] in [[Bologna]] and [[Rome]]. There are around 15,000 Bengali Hindu families in Paris.<ref>{{cite news |title=Durga Puja festivities kicked off in Paris |last=Nayar |first=Ranvir |url=http://www.rediff.com/us/2001/oct/23fra.htm |newspaper=Rediff.com |date=23 October 2001 |access-date=15 July 2012}}</ref> The Bengali Hindus began to migrate to [[Germany]] in the 1950s and the 1960s.<ref name="goel">{{cite web|url=http://www.urmila.de/forschung/bergen/Vortrag/GoelVortragAHKR101007.pdf|title=Indian Religions in Germany|last=Goel|first=Urmila|date=October 2007|access-date=10 September 2014}}</ref>

Notable Bengali Hindus in Europe include British Communist leader [[Rajani Palme Dutt]], German politician [[Anita Bose Pfaff]], German football manager [[Robin Dutt]], and the richest hotelier of Sweden [[Bicky Chakraborty]].

===North America===
[[Bengali Hindus]] began to arrive in [[Canada]] in the 1970s.<ref name="cowardetal">{{cite book |editor-last1=Coward |editor-first1=Harold G. |editor-link1=Harold Coward |editor-last2=Hinnells |editor-first2=John R. |editor-last3=Williams |editor-first3=Raymond Brady |title=The South Asian Religious Diaspora in Britain, Canada, and the United States |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mXrdXMaaYCkC |access-date=11 September 2014 |year=2000 |publisher=SUNY Press |isbn=978-0-7914-9302-1 |page=153}}</ref> In 1991, there were an estimated 4,000 Bengali Hindus living in Canada, mainly from India.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |last1=Buchignani |first1=Norman |encyclopedia=The Canadian Encyclopedia |title=South Asians |publisher=Historica Foundation |url=http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/articles/south-asians |access-date=15 July 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120708203640/http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/articles/south-asians |archive-date=8 July 2012}}</ref> However, after the [[Information technology|IT]] [[Economic boom|boom]] in the late 1990s, more and more professionals began to settle in Canada. According to the 2006 census, there are 52,130 Bengali Hindus in Canada.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www12.statcan.ca/census-recensement/2006/dp-pd/tbt/Rp-eng.cfm?LANG=E&APATH=3&DETAIL=0&DIM=0&FL=A&FREE=0&GC=0&GID=837928&GK=0&GRP=1&PID=92333&PRID=0&PTYPE=88971,97154&S=0&SHOWALL=0&SUB=0&Temporal=2006&THEME=80&VID=0&VNAMEE=&VNAMEF= |title=Ethnic Origin (247), Single and Multiple Ethnic Origin Responses (3) and Sex (3) for the Population of Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2006 Census – 20% Sample Data |publisher=Statistics Canada |access-date=17 October 2010 |archive-date=25 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225043024/http://www12.statcan.ca/census-recensement/2006/dp-pd/tbt/Rp-eng.cfm?LANG=E&APATH=3&DETAIL=0&DIM=0&FL=A&FREE=0&GC=0&GID=837928&GK=0&GRP=1&PID=92333&PRID=0&PTYPE=88971,97154&S=0&SHOWALL=0&SUB=0&Temporal=2006&THEME=80&VID=0&VNAMEE=&VNAMEF= |url-status=dead }}</ref> The Bengali Hindus are mostly concentrated in the cities of [[Toronto]], [[Ottawa]], [[Montreal]], [[Edmonton]], [[Calgary]], [[Vancouver]] and [[Halifax, Nova Scotia|Halifax]].

The earliest Bengali Hindus in the United States were the revolutionaries fighting for [[Indian independence movement|Indian independence]]. They arrived in the first few decades of the twentieth century. Examples include [[Gopal Bose|Noni Gopal Bose]],<ref>{{cite magazine |url=http://www.outlookindia.com/article.aspx?201416 |title=Rich & Famous in the US | Padma Rao Sundarji |magazine=Outlook India |date=22 May 1996 |access-date=21 July 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130817090746/http://www.outlookindia.com/article.aspx?201416 |archive-date=17 August 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | first = Brad | last = Lemley | title = Discover Dialogue: Amar G. Bose | date = 1 October 2004 | url = http://discovermagazine.com/2004/oct/discover-dialogue | work = [[Discover (magazine)|Discover Magazine]] | access-date = 1 February 2012}}</ref> the father of [[Bose Corporation|Bose Corp]]'s [[Amar Bose]]. In 1913, the Bengali Hindu [[A. K. Mozumdar|Okhoy Kumar Mozumdar]] became the second Indian-born person to get [[Citizenship of the United States|U.S. citizenship]] after the [[Punjabi Sikhs|Punjabi Sikh]] [[Bhagat Singh Thind]] who was the first one to obtain it after the [[United States v. Bhagat Singh Thind]] court case. Later the citizenship was stripped from him for not being [[White Americans|White]]/[[Caucasian race|Caucasian]].<ref>[[Indian American#Timeline]]</ref> According to the 2006 census, there were around 33,400 Bengali Hindus of Indian origin in the United States.<ref name="mpi">{{cite web|url=http://www.migrationinformation.org/usfocus/display.cfm?ID=687|title=Indian Immigrants in the United States|last=Terrazas|first=Aaron|date=July 2008|publisher=Migration Policy Institute|access-date=9 June 2013}}</ref>

===Asia===
{{unreferenced section|date=August 2025}}
The Bengali Hindu diaspora in Asia is distributed in two major regions, [[South East Asia]] and the Middle East. India had developed [[Greater India#Indianised kingdoms|religious and economic ties with South East Asia since the ancient times]]. This cultural cross exchange took place through the port of [[Tamralipta]] in [[Bengal]]. In the modern age, the emigration of Bengali Hindus to South East Asia has taken place since the colonial times. Famous Bengali Hindus from [[Myanmar]] include [[H. N. Goshal]] and [[Dr. Amar Nag (Yebaw Tun Maung)|Amar Nath]], both of whom were foremost and important leaders of the [[Communist Party of Burma]].

Bengali Hindus settled in present-day Myanmar, Singapore and [[Malaysia]] since the beginning of the 20th century. A small community of Bengali Hindus numbering around 1,600 live in [[Thailand]]. The annual Durga Puja festival is celebrated in [[Bangkok]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Durga Puja in Bangkok / Thailand |url=https://bharatithailand.org/durga-puja-in-bangkok-thailand/ |access-date=2026-01-12 |website=Bharati Thailand |language=en-US}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[States of India by Bengali speakers]]
* [[East Bengali refugees]]
* [[Hindu diaspora]]
* [[Non-resident Indian and person of Indian origin]]
* [[Bangladeshi diaspora]]
* [[Bengali Hindus in Myanmar]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Overseas Asians}}
{{Indian diaspora}}
{{Bengali Hindu people}}

[[Category:Bengali Hindus]]
[[Category:Ethnic groups in India]]
[[Category:Indian diaspora by ethnic group]]

Malegaon Assembly constituency

2026-02-27T22:42:50Z

Filmeekeeda: added data - done

{{Short description|Constituency of the Maharashtra legislative assembly in India}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Malegaon
| type= SLA
| state = Maharashtra
| established = 1962
| abolished = 2008<ref>{{cite web |url=https://upload.indiacode.nic.in/showfile?actid=AC_CEN_3_20_00030_200233_1517807324510&type=order&filename=Delimitation%20Order,2008.pdf |title=Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008 |date=26 November 2008 |access-date= 24 June 2021}}</ref>
| electors = 243,955
| mla = Shaikh Rashid Haji Shaikh Shaffi
| party = {{Party index link|Indian National Congress}}
| constituency_no =
| latest_election_year = [[2004 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2004]]
| district =
| loksabha_cons =
| reservation =
}}
Malegaon Assembly constituency was an assembly constituency in the [[India]] [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Maharashtra]].
== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Election
! Member
! colspan=2|Party
|-
| [[1962 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1962]] || Haroon Ahmed Ansari || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1967 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1967]] || [[Nihal Ahmed Maulavi Mohammed Usman]] || {{Full party name with color|Praja Socialist Party}}
|-
| [[1972 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1972]] || Asisha Chiragh Hakim || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1978 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1978]] || rowspan=5 | [[Nihal Ahmed Maulavi Mohammed Usman]] || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party|rowspan=3}}
|-
| [[1980 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1980]]
|-
| [[1985 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1985]]
|-
| [[1990 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1990]] || {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[1995 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1995]]
|-
| [[1999 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1999]] || rowspan=2 | Shaikh Rashid Haji Shaikh Shaffi || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[2004 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2004]]
|}
== Election results ==
===Assembly Election 2004===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2004 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Malegaon}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Shaikh Rashid Haji Shaikh Shaffi |party=Indian National Congress |votes=80,579 |percentage=49.85% |change={{decrease}}3.97 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Gaikwad Sunil (Aaba) Babulal |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=10,398 |percentage=6.43% |change={{decrease}}0.13 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Moh. Yunus Sh. Isa |party=Samajwadi Party |votes=6,483 |percentage=4.01% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Dr. Ansari Javeed Ah.Abdul Razzaque |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=1,988 |percentage=1.23% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=70,181 |percentage=43.42% |change= {{increase}}24.49 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=161,631 |percentage=66.25% |change= {{increase}}6.21 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 243,955 |ref = |change= {{increase}}5.91 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}3.97 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1999===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1999 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Malegaon<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1999 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1999/StatisticalReport-MH99.pdf|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117044316/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1999/StatisticalReport-MH99.pdf|archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Shaikh Rashid Haji Shaikh Shaffi |party=Indian National Congress |votes=74,433 |percentage=53.82% |change={{increase}}40.18 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=[[Nihal Ahmed Maulavi Mohammed Usman]] |party=Janata Dal (Secular) |votes=48,254 |percentage=34.89% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Tapadiya Govind Kanhaiyalal |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=9,082 |percentage=6.57% |change={{decrease}}8.70 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Shakil Ahamad Mohammad Hasan (Jober) |party=Akhil Bharatiya Sena |votes=2,665 |percentage=1.93% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=26,179 |percentage=18.93% |change= {{decrease}}1.39 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=138,301 |percentage=58.48% |change= {{decrease}}6.79 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 230,334 |ref = |change= {{increase}}0.26 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Janata Dal |swing= {{increase}}11.08 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1995===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1995 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Malegaon<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1995 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1995/StatisticalReport-MH95.pdf|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117121534/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1995/StatisticalReport-MH95.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=[[Nihal Ahmed Maulavi Mohammed Usman]] |party=Janata Dal |votes=65,621 |percentage=42.74% |change={{decrease}}7.65 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Shaikh Rashid Haji Shaikh Shaffi |party=Independent politician |votes=34,418 |percentage=22.42% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Sharma Pralhad Badrinarayan |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=23,437 |percentage=15.27% |change={{decrease}}4.17 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Moh. Yunus Sh. Isa |party=Indian National Congress |votes=20,948 |percentage=13.64% |change={{decrease}}12.81 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Qureshi Md. Hanif Md. Umar |party=Independent politician |votes=1,910 |percentage=1.24% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Abdul Khalik Khatib Abdul Hakim |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=1,114 |percentage=0.73% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=31,203 |percentage=20.32% |change= {{decrease}}3.62 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=153,532 |percentage=65.41% |change= {{decrease}}4.14 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 229,733 |ref = |change= {{increase}}20.92 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Janata Dal |loser=Janata Dal |swing= {{decrease}}7.65 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1990===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1990 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Malegaon<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1990 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1990/StatRep_MT_90.pdf |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117080722/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1990/StatRep_MT_90.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=[[Nihal Ahmed Maulavi Mohammed Usman]] |party=Janata Dal |votes=67,944 |percentage=50.39% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Haji Shabbir Ahmed Haji Gulam Rasool |party=Indian National Congress |votes=35,668 |percentage=26.46% |change={{decrease}}16.35 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Sharma Pralhad Badrinarayan |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=26,209 |percentage=19.44% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Shahnawaj Ab. Salam |party=Independent politician |votes=1,054 |percentage=0.78% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=32,276 |percentage=23.94% |change= {{increase}}20.86 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=134,824 |percentage=70.17% |change= {{increase}}0.15 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 189,984 |ref = |change= {{increase}}27.95 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Janata Dal |loser=Janata Party |swing= {{increase}}4.51 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1985===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1985 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Malegaon<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1985 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/Statistical%20Report%20Maharashtra%201985.pdf |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117075119/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/Statistical%20Report%20Maharashtra%201985.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=[[Nihal Ahmed Maulavi Mohammed Usman]] |party=Janata Party |votes=48,254 |percentage=45.89% |change={{decrease}}4.31 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Haji Shabbir Ahmed Haji Gulam Rasool |party=Indian National Congress |votes=45,016 |percentage=42.81% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Yogibaba Anandnathji |party=Independent politician |votes=5,703 |percentage=5.42% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Farqlit Abdul Khalique Md. Husain |party=Independent politician |votes=3,313 |percentage=3.15% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Magare Vithal Dhama |party=Independent politician |votes=788 |percentage=0.75% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=3,238 |percentage=3.08% |change= {{increase}}0.90 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=105,157 |percentage=69.95% |change= {{increase}}2.33 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 148,485 |ref = |change= {{increase}}19.83 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Janata Party |loser=Janata Party |swing= {{decrease}}4.31 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1980===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1980 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Malegaon<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1980 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1980/Statistical%20Report%201980%20Maharashtra.pdf |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117083555/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1980/Statistical%20Report%201980%20Maharashtra.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=[[Nihal Ahmed Maulavi Mohammed Usman]] |party=Janata Party |votes=42,604 |percentage=50.20% |change={{decrease}}6.37 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Shabbir Ahmed Haji Gulam Rasool |party=Indian National Congress (I) |votes=40,756 |percentage=48.02% |change={{increase}}40.49 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,848 |percentage=2.18% |change= {{decrease}}31.41 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=84,866 |percentage=67.70% |change= {{decrease}}7.00 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 123,911 |ref = |change= {{increase}}12.02 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Janata Party |loser=Janata Party |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1978===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1978 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Malegaon<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1978 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/Statistical%20Report%201978%20Maharashtra.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170629182050/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/Statistical%20Report%201978%20Maharashtra.pdf|archive-date=29 June 2017|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=[[Nihal Ahmed Maulavi Mohammed Usman]] |party=Janata Party |votes=47,237 |percentage=56.57% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Gazi Naseem Ahmed Khan Md. Mardan |party=All-India Muslim League |votes=19,192 |percentage=22.98% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Hakim Aisha Chiragha Hasan |party=Indian National Congress (I) |votes=6,288 |percentage=7.53% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Gawali Bhima Daga |party=Independent politician |votes=5,936 |percentage=7.11% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Magare Vithal Dhama |party=Independent politician |votes=3,431 |percentage=4.11% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=28,045 |percentage=33.59% |change= {{increase}}25.55 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=83,501 |percentage=74.20% |change= {{increase}}4.61 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 110,620 |ref = |change= {{increase}}3.00 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Janata Party |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{increase}}8.17 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1972===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1972 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Malegaon<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1967 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatReport_MT_72.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170519183024/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatReport_MT_72.pdf|archive-date=19 May 2017|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Asisha Chiragh Hakim |party=Indian National Congress |votes=36,848 |percentage=48.40% |change={{increase}}23.78 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=[[Nihal Ahmed Maulavi Mohammed Usman]] |party=Samyukta Socialist Party |votes=30,729 |percentage=40.37% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Eknath Mahadu Tisge |party=Bharatiya Jana Sangh |votes=2,125 |percentage=2.79% |change={{decrease}}6.55 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=B. A. Haroon |party=Communist Party of India |votes=1,908 |percentage=2.51% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Ah. Vahid Md. Amin |party=Independent politician |votes=1,520 |percentage=2.00% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=S. Ahmed Md. Ismail |party=Independent politician |votes=895 |percentage=1.18% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=6,119 |percentage=8.04% |change= {{decrease}}5.48 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=76,125 |percentage=69.20% |change= {{increase}}0.40 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 107,403 |ref = |change= {{increase}}33.90 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Praja Socialist Party |swing= {{increase}}10.26 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1967===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1967 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Malegaon<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1967 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=https://www.eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Maharashtra%201967.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180926233227/https://www.eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Maharashtra%201967.pdf|archive-date=26 September 2018|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=[[Nihal Ahmed Maulavi Mohammed Usman]] |party=Praja Socialist Party |votes=21,565 |percentage=38.15% |change={{increase}}0.65 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=H. A. Ansari |party=Indian National Congress |votes=13,924 |percentage=24.63% |change={{decrease}}14.58 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=K. A. Kasamali |party=Independent politician |votes=11,186 |percentage=19.79% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=G. M. Puntambekar |party=Bharatiya Jana Sangh |votes=5,282 |percentage=6.94% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=S. A. M. Ismail |party=Independent politician |votes=351 |percentage=0.46% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=7,641 |percentage=13.52% |change= {{increase}}11.80 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=56,534 |percentage=65.35% |change= {{increase}}6.49 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 80,212 |ref = |change= {{decrease}}16.18 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Praja Socialist Party |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}1.07 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1962===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1962 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Malegaon<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1962 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Maharastra_1962.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120117085627/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Maharastra_1962.pdf|archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Haroon Ahmed Ansari |party=Indian National Congress |votes=24,011 |percentage=39.21% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=A. Moulavi M. Usman Nihal |party=Praja Socialist Party |votes=22,962 |percentage=37.50% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Aziz Haji A. Hamid Shoukat |party=Communist Party of India |votes=5,902 |percentage=9.64% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Ahmadkhan M. Mardankhan (Gazi) Mobin |party=Independent politician |votes=2,246 |percentage=3.67% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Madhukar Bhikaji Chavan |party=Socialist Party (India, 1948) |votes=1,091 |percentage=1.78% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Yashwant Sadashiv Shirke |party=Independent politician |votes=1,075 |percentage=1.76% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,049 |percentage=1.71% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=61,233 |percentage=59.86% |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 95,695 |ref = |change= }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner=Indian National Congress |loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Assembly constituencies of Maharashtra}}

{{coord missing|Maharashtra}}

[[Category:Former assembly constituencies of Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Long stubs with short prose]]

{{Maharashtra-geo-stub}}

Kanhu Charan Mohanty

2026-02-23T16:56:25Z

Filmeekeeda: Put up basic data v1 - done

[[File:Kanhu Charan Mohanty.png|thumb|Kanhu Charan Mohanty with the Sahitya Akademi Award received in 1958]] {{Short description|Indian Odia language novelist}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2017}}
{{Infobox writer
| image =
| caption =
| birth_name =
| pseudonym =
| birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1906|08|11}}
| birth_place = Nagabali, Sankhatras, [[Cuttack]], British India
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1994|04|6|1906|08|11}}
| death_place =
| occupation = [[Novelist]]
| nationality = Indian
| alma_mater = [[Ravenshaw College]]
| language = [[Odia language|Odia]]
| period =
| genre =
| notableworks =
| awards = [[List of Sahitya Akademi Award winners for Odia|Sahitya Akademi Award]] (1958) [[List of Sahitya Akademi fellows|Sahitya Akademi fellowship]] (1994)
}}

'''Kanhu Charan Mohanty''' (11 August 1906 – 6 April 1994) was an Indian [[Odia language]] novelist who wrote fifty-six novels in a career spanning over six decades from 1930 to 1985. He is considered "one of the most popular and celebrated novelists of [[Odisha|Odisa]]".<ref name="storm">{{cite web|url=http://www.nbtindia.gov.in/books_detail__1__aadan-pradan__682__the-storm.nbt|title=The Storm: Kanhu Charan Mohanty; translated by Bijay Kumar Nanda|publisher=National Book Trust|access-date=19 March 2017}}</ref> Mohanty was awarded the [[List of Sahitya Akademi Award winners for Odia|Sahitya Akademi Award]] in 1958 for his novel, ''Kaa'', published in 1956, and was one of the [[List of Sahitya Akademi fellows|fellows]] of the [[Sahitya Akademi]]. Mohanty died on 6 April 1994 at the age of 87.

== Personal life ==
Kanhu Charan Mohanty was born on 11 August 1906 in Nagabali village of [[Cuttack]], India, to a [[Karan (caste)|Karan]] family.<ref name="SAF">{{cite web|url=http://sahitya-akademi.gov.in/sahitya-akademi/library/fellowship_pdf/Shri.%20Kanhu%20Charan%20Mohanty.pdf|title=Sahitya Akademi Fellowship: Late Kanhu Charan Mohanty|format=PDF|access-date=17 March 2017|publisher=Sahitya Akademi}}</ref><ref name="bbl"/> He is an elder brother of [[Gopinath Mohanty]] (1914–91) who was also a [[Jnanpith Award]]-winning (1974) Odia novelist.<ref name="bbl"/>{{rp|299}}<ref name="George1992">{{cite book|author=George, K. M.|title=Modern Indian Literature, an Anthology: Surveys and poems|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=m1R2Pa3f7r0C&pg=PA317|year=1992|publisher=Sahitya Akademi|isbn=978-81-7201-324-0|pages=1148}}</ref>{{rp|317}} He completed his schooling at [[Cuttack]] and joined an engineering college which he was forced to leave due to financial difficulties. Later, he completed his graduation from [[Ravenshaw College]] (now [[Ravenshaw University]]) in 1929. Mohanty joined as a clerk in Government Service and retired as a Senior Administrative Officer in 1964. Mohanty died on 6 April 1994 at the age of 87.<ref name="SAF"/>

== Literary works ==
Mohanty wrote his first novel ''Utshabe Byasane'' during 1923–24. However, the novel was never published and its manuscript could not be traced later.<ref name="SAF"/> His novels first published in 1930, ''Arana'' and ''Patalaka''.<ref name="SAF"/><ref name="bbl">{{cite web|url=http://odisha.gov.in/e-magazine/orissaannualreference/ORA-2004/pdf/eminent_literacy_luminaries_of_orissa.pdf|title=Eminent Literary Luminaries of Orissa|format=PDF|pages=30|publisher=Government of Odisha|access-date=19 March 2017|date=2004|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170102081624/http://odisha.gov.in/e-magazine/orissaannualreference/ORA-2004/pdf/eminent_literacy_luminaries_of_orissa.pdf|archive-date=2 January 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref>{{rp|15}} His 1932 published novel ''Nishpatti'' is considered the first Oriya novel to depict the events of a marriage between a child and a widow. He published two novels in 1944, ''Bhala Paibara Sesha Katha'' and ''Tunda Baida''. ''Bhala Paibara Sesha Katha'' portrays the [[untouchability]] in the Indian society and ''Tunda Baida'' depicts the relation between a widow and her younger brother-in-law and rumors spread about them by villagers.<ref name="ON3040">{{cite web|url=http://odisha.gov.in/e-magazine/Orissareview/2008/Sept-Octo-2008/engpdf/73-77.pdf|title=Oriya Novels in the 1930s and 1940s|format=PDF|publisher=Government of Odisha|access-date=20 March 2017|date=2008|author=Patnaik, Jitendra Narayan|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150824090207/http://odisha.gov.in/e-magazine/Orissareview/2008/Sept-Octo-2008/engpdf/73-77.pdf|archive-date=24 August 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref>{{rp|74–75}} While ''Haa Anna'' (1935) was set against the backdrop of [[Orissa famine of 1866]], his 1946 published novel ''Shasti'' (Punishment) depicts famine's aftermath and pestilence during the years 1866 and 1870. Both the novels portrayed the romantic love stories with social and economical inequality.<ref name="ON3040"/>{{rp|74–75}}<ref name="Lal1992"/> His [[List of Sahitya Akademi Award winners for Odia|Sahitya Akademi Award]]-winning novel ''Kaa'' (Impersonation, 1956) deals with the subject of [[female infertility]] and [[maternal death]]. In ''Kshana Kshanake Ana '' (The World Changes Every Moment, 1975) Mohanty narrates the story of step-mothers and domestic violence.<ref name="4writers"/>{{rp|67}} He published fifty-six novels in a career spanning over six decades from 1930 to 1985 with ''Jaksha'' (1985) being his last published novel.<ref name="SAF"/><ref name="ON3040"/>{{rp|74–75}}

== Legacy ==
Mohanty is considered "one of the most popular and celebrated novelists of [[Odisha]]".<ref name="storm"/> He is known for depicting social realism and most of his work involved problems associated with plight of woman,<ref name="storm"/> caste and economic exploitation.<ref name="OP">{{cite web|url=http://www.odisha.gov.in/portal/ViewDetails.asp?vchglinkid=GL012&vchplinkid=PL098&vchslinkid=SL069|title=Odisha Profile: Literature [Novel/Prose]|publisher=Government of Odisha|access-date=19 March 2017|author=Mishra, Ganeswar}}</ref> It was noted that he, being an [[Dvija|upper caste]] writer, portrayed [[Dalit|lower caste]] characters in his writings.<ref name="AbrahamMisrahi-Barak2015">{{cite book|author1=Abraham, Joshil K.|author2=Misrahi-Barak, Judith |title=Dalit Literatures in India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ph4-CgAAQBAJ&pg=PA148|date=24 July 2015|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-317-40880-2|pages=366}}</ref>{{rp|148}} His novels are set around [[Geography of Odisha|coastal Odisha]]. Scholar [[Sisir Kumar Das]] appreciated Mohanty's authentic illustration of regions compared to actual geographical location but noted that the author has tendency to create an [[Utopia|Utopian world]] while representing the human life.<ref name="Das1991">{{cite book|author=Das, Sisir Kumar|title=History of Indian Literature: 1911–1956, struggle for freedom : triumph and tragedy|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sqBjpV9OzcsC&pg=PA298|year=1991|publisher=Sahitya Akademi|isbn=978-81-7201-798-9|pages=908}}</ref>{{rp|298}} ''Shasti'' (1946) is considered "one of the best progressive writings in Oriya" and "one of the earliest novels to use [[psychoanalysis]] to reveal different moods and emotions of its characters".<ref name="Lal1992">{{cite book|author=Lal, Mohan|title=Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature: Sasay to Zorgot|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KnPoYxrRfc0C&pg=PA3989|year=1992|publisher=Sahitya Akademi|isbn=978-81-260-1221-3|volume=5|pages=818}}</ref>{{rp|3988–89}} Mohanty's work, in terms of its theme and writing style, is noted to be on the similar lines of another Odia novelist [[Fakir Mohan Senapati]] (1843–1918) with more critical social and cultural evaluation but lacking sense of humour and satire of Senapati.<ref name="SAF"/><ref name="OP"/><ref name="4writers"/>{{rp|67}} He said to have been influenced by ''[[The Woodlanders]]'' (1887) by [[Thomas Hardy]] for ''Shasti'' and by ''Pavilion of Women'' (1946) by [[Pearl S. Buck]] for ''Kaa'' (Impersonation, 1956).<ref>{{cite book|title=Transactions|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=n-knAAAAYAAJ|year=1972|publisher=The Institute|pages=530}}</ref>{{rp|82}}

In 2006, The [[Government of Odisha]] decided to republish three Odia novels, ''Kaa'' by Mohanty, ''Matira Manisha'' (1931) by [[Kalindi Charan Panigrahi]],<ref name="4writers">{{cite web|url=http://odisha.gov.in/e-magazine/Orissareview/2008/November-2008/engpdf/65-72.pdf|title=Four Major Modern Oriya Novelists|format=PDF|publisher=Government of Odisha|access-date=21 March 2017|date=2008|author=Patnaik, Jitendra Narayan|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160914150719/http://odisha.gov.in/e-magazine/Orissareview/2008/November-2008/engpdf/65-72.pdf|archive-date=14 September 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref>{{rp|65}} and ''Mamu'' (1913) by [[Fakir Mohan Senapati]] to increase the popularity of Odia language among the youth.<ref name="Mukherjee2002">{{cite book|author=Mukherjee, Meenakshi|title=Early Novels in India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VPJ7jqVSl34C&pg=PA240|date=1 January 2002|publisher=Sahitya Akademi|isbn=978-81-260-1342-5|pages=278}}</ref>{{rp|240}}<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/1060727/asp/jamshedpur/story_6531490.asp|title=New life for Oriya classics|author=Das, Subrat|date=27 July 2006|access-date=20 March 2017|newspaper=The Telegraph (Calcutta)|location=Jamshedpur}}{{dead link|date=February 2023|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> In January 2007, the [[Sahitya Akademi]] and Sarala Sahitya Sansad organised a two-day national seminar, "Kanhu Charan and the Rise of Indian Novel", to commemorate Mohanty's birth centenary. Odia novelist and a pioneer member of Sarala Sahitya Sansad,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://saralasahityasansad.org/web/AboutUs.aspx|title=Sarala Sahitya Sansad: About US|access-date=21 March 2017|publisher=Sarala Sahitya Sansad|archive-date=17 June 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160617204314/http://saralasahityasansad.org/web/AboutUs.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref> Pravakar Swain, noted that "[Mohanty's] books had a social commitment and sympathy for the insulted and the injured".<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/1070115/asp/jamshedpur/story_7261987.asp|title=Novelist recalled in 100-yr gathering|date=15 January 2007|access-date=21 March 2017|newspaper=The Telegraph (Calcutta)|location=Cuttack}}{{dead link|date=February 2023|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref>

== Artistic depiction of novels ==
Some of Mohanty's novels were later made into films. 1965 [[Cinema of Odisha|Odia film]] ''Abhinetri'' (The Actress) is based on his 1947 published novel by the same name and marked first occurrence of [[Dual role]], played by Jharna Das, in Odia cinema. Another novel ''Kaa'' (1956) was later made into a film ''[[Kaa (1965 film)|Kaa]]'' (1965). The film was awarded the [[National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Odia|Certificate of Merit for the Best Feature Film in Odia]] at [[14th National Film Awards]]. ''Tunda Baida'' (Gossip, 1944) was also made into a film in 1987 by the same name.<ref name="GokulsingDissanayake2013">{{cite book|author1=Gokulsing, K. Moti|author2=Dissanayake, Wimal|title=Routledge Handbook of Indian Cinemas|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QwGgF-rDucEC&pg=PT141|date=17 April 2013|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-136-77291-7|pages=486}}</ref>{{rp|141}}<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/Conscience-of-Odia-Cinema/article14617785.ece|title=Conscience of Odia Cinema|date=1 September 2016|access-date=21 March 2017|newspaper=The Hindu}}</ref>

== Awards ==
Mohanty won several awards for his literary work. He won the [[List of Sahitya Akademi Award winners for Odia|Sahitya Akademi Award]] in 1958 for ''Kaa'', the Jeevan Rang Prize in 1970, and the Neela Saila Award in 1992. On 4 February 1994, the [[Sahitya Akademi]], India's National Academy of Letters, selected him as its [[List of Sahitya Akademi fellows|fellow]], the highest honour conferred by the Akademi; however, Mohanty died on 6 April 1994 before the honour could formally be conferred upon him.<ref name="SAF"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://sahitya-akademi.gov.in/sahitya-akademi/aboutus/about.jsp|title=Sahitya Akademi: About Us|access-date=23 March 2017|publisher=Sahitya Akademi}}</ref>

== Bibliography ==
Mohanty published the following works under his name:<ref name="SAF"/><ref name="bbl"/>
{{Col-begin}}
{{Col-4}}
;1920–40
#''Utsabe Byasane'' (1923) {{small|(Unpublished)}}
#''Arana'' (1930)
#''Patalaka'' (1930)
#''Baliraja'' (1932)
#''Nishpatti'' (1932)
#''Swapnana Satya'' (1933)
#''Duniara Dau'' (1934)
#''Haa Anna'' (1935)
#''Tathastu'' (1936)
#''Parichaya'' (1936)
#''Olatapalata'' (1937)
#''Parakiya'' (1938)
#''Udandi'' (1939)
{{Col-break}}
;1941–60
#''Adekha Hata'' (1943)
#''Pratiksha'' (1943)
#''Bhala Paibara Sesha Katha'' (1944)
#''Tunda Baida'' (1944)
#''Eparisepari'' (1945)
#''Shasti'' (1946)
#''Banagahanara Jale'' (1947)
#''Antaraya'' (1947)
#''Abhinetri'' (1947)
#''Bhuli Huena'' (1948)
#''Jhanja'' (1950)
#''Milanara Chhanda'' (1951)
#''Sarbari'' (1952)
#''Pari'' (1954)
#''Kaa'' (1956)
#''Bajrabahu'' (1959)
{{Col-break}}
;1961–80
#''Dheudheuka'' (1962)
#''Bagabaguli'' (1964)
#''Itihasa'' (1967)
#''Swapna'' (1968)
#''Chhutileghata'' (1968)
#''Jarangara Tale'' (1969)
#''Mana Jane Papa'' (1969)
#''Manamanthana'' (1970)
#''Ati Gopaniya'' (1970)
#''Angana'' (1971)
#''Mamatara Maya'' (1971)
#''Kahibaku Laja'' (1973)
#''Nirbisanka'' (1973)
#''Aji Nuhen Aau Dine'' (1973)
#''Kshana Kshanake Ana'' (1975)
#''Maya Bartta'' (1978)
#''Satya Bati'' (1980)
#''Kshanika'' (1980)
#''Apa'' (1980)
#''Namati Tara Champa'' (1980)
{{Col-break}}
;1981–85
#''Taraka'' (1981)
#''Tapasi'' (1982)
#''Lalatalikhana'' (1983)
#''Melani Maguni'' (1983)
#''Pabani'' (1984)
#''Jaksha'' (1985)
{{Col-end}}

== References ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

{{Odia literature}}
{{SahityaAkademiFellowship}}
{{Sahitya Akademi Award For Odia}}
{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mohanty, Kanhu Charan}}
[[Category:1906 births]]
[[Category:1994 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Cuttack district]]
[[Category:Ravenshaw University alumni]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Sahitya Akademi Fellowship]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Sahitya Akademi Award in Odia]]
[[Category:Odia-language novelists]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian novelists]]
[[Category:Novelists from Odisha]]

Natesan Punniamurthy

2026-02-07T12:17:47Z

Filmeekeeda: added post

'''Natesan Punniamurthy''' is a [[veterinarian]] and researcher from [[Tamil Nadu]], India. The Government of India has conferred upon him the [[Padma Shri]] award for the year 2026 in recognition of his distinguished service in the field of veterinary medicine.

==Education==
Punniamurthy hails from [[Thanjavur]], Tamil Nadu. He earned his Bachelor’s and Master’s degrees in [[Veterinary medicine|Veterinary Science]], as well as a Ph. D. in research, from the [[Madras Veterinary College]] in [[Chennai]].<ref>Nair, B. M. N.; Natesan, P.; Kumar, S. K. Reduction of Antibiotic Residue in Milk Through the Use of Cost Effective Ethno-Veterinary Practices (Evp) for Cattle Health Management. Preprints 2021, 2021010050. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202101.0050.v1</ref> He served as a professor at the [[Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University]] (TANUVAS) research center located in Thanjavur.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.vetdrpunnyia.com/#about | title=Dr. N. Punniamurthy | accessdate=27 January 2026}}</ref>

==Awards==
* 2026: [[Padma Shri]] – [[Government of India]]<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2218547&reg=3&lang=1 | title=Padma Awards 2026 announced | accessdate=27 January 2026}}</ref>
* 2019: Lifetime Achievement Award – [[Veterinary Council of India]]
* 2013: Tamil Nadu Scientist Award – Tamil Nadu State Council for Science and Technology, Chennai

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Punniamurthy, Natesan}}
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in medicine]]
[[Category:Scientists from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

{{India-med-bio-stub}}
{{veterinary-med-stub}}

Jeet (actor)

2026-02-05T18:09:54Z

Filmeekeeda: slightly improve page based on references and cleaned formatting as per guidelines

{{Short description|Indian film actor (born 1978)}}
{{About|the actor|his filmography|Jeet filmography}}
{{use Indian English|date=May 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2023}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Jeet
| image = Jeet (actor) portrait 2017.jpg
| caption = Jeet in 2017
| other_names = Jeetu
| birth_name = Jeetendra Madnani
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1978|11|30}}<ref name="TimesOfIndiaJeetBirthday">The Times of India, "Jeet", https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/topic/Jeet, Accessed Oct 12, 2024.</ref>
| birth_place = [[Kalighat]], [[Kolkata]], [[West Bengal]], India
| occupation = {{hlist|Actor|model|producer|entrepreneur}}
| years_active = 1994–present
| works = [[Jeet filmography|Full list]]
| spouse = {{marriage|Mohna Ratlani|2011}}
| children = 2
| awards = [[List of awards and nominations received by Jeet|Full list]]
| alma_mater = [[Bhawanipur Education Society College]]
| website = {{URL|jeetonline.com}}
| signature = The signature by Jeet.png
}}
'''Jeetendra Madnani''' (born 30 November 1978), mononymously known as '''Jeet''', is an Indian actor and film producer who works in [[Cinema of West Bengal|Bengali cinema]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Actors who changed the face of 21st-century Bengali cinema |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/photo-features/actors-who-changed-the-face-of-21st-century-bengali-cinema/photostory/63715331.cms?picid=63715367 |access-date=5 July 2024 |work=The Times of India |date=21 August 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=সাহা |first1=পারমিতা |title=Exclusive interview of tollywood actor Jeet |url=https://www.anandabazar.com/entertainment/exclusive-interview-of-tollywood-actor-jeet-1.946362 |access-date=31 May 2021 |website=anandabazar.com |language=bn}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=In Tollywood, where many actors are shifting to urban-centric projects, Jeet is a standout as the only one sticking to mainstream masala films. |url=https://www.millenniumpost.in/features/want-to-keep-doing-commercial-masala-films-even-when-im-70-jeet-541549 |access-date=1 August 2024 |work=Millennium Post |date=23 November 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Boomerang marks a shift from Jeet's usual Mass Action Avatar. |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/jeet-on-boomerang-i-felt-there-was-a-bit-of-monotony-with-the-films-i-was-doing/cid/2030753 |access-date=5 July 2024 |work=[[The Telegraph (India)|The Telegraph]] |date=1 July 2024}}</ref> In a career spanning over two decades, Jeet has acted in [[Jeet filmography|57 films]] and is one of the most commercially successful actors in Bengali cinema, also being amongst the highest paid actors in West Bengal, India. Referred to in the media as the "Boss", he owns the production houses [[Jeet filmography|Grassroot Entertainment]] and Jeetz Filmworks.<ref>{{Cite news |title=How Bengali actor Jeet is moving the goalposts for Futsal in Kolkata |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/how-bengali-actor-jeet-is-moving-the-goalposts-for-futsal-in-kolkata-116070600628_1.html |access-date=31 May 2021 |newspaper=Business Standard India |date=6 July 2016 |language=en |last1=Malvania |first1=Urvi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Actor Jeet in Dhaka for 'Boss 2' promotion |url=https://www.daily-sun.com/post/233355/Actor-Jeet-in-Dhaka-for-‘Boss-2’-promotion |access-date=31 May 2021 |website=Daily Sun |language=en}}</ref> Since 2022, he is the executive president of West Bengal Motion Picture Artists' Forum.<ref>{{cite news |title=Artist Forum: আর্টিস্ট ফোরামের সভাপতি রঞ্জিত মল্লিক, কার্যনির্বাহী সভাপতি জিৎ|url=https://www.anandabazar.com/entertainment/west-bengal-motion-picture-artists-forum-gets-new-committee-with-ranjit-mallick-as-the-new-president-dgtl/cid/1322712 |access-date=2 August 2024 |work=[[Anandabazar Patrika]] |date=9 January 2022|quote=ওয়েস্ট বেঙ্গল মোশন পিকচার্স আর্টিস্টস ফোরামের নতুন সভাপতি নির্বাচিত হলেন প্রবীণ অভিনেতা রঞ্জিত মল্লিক। কার্যনির্বাহী সভাপতি জিৎ। সহ-সভাপতি পদে রইলেন পাঁচ শিল্পী— সব্যসাচী চক্রবর্তী, সুমন্ত মুখোপাধ্যায়, কৌশিক সেন, অপরাজিতা আঢ্য এবং ভরত কল। সাধারণ সম্পাদকের পদ পেয়েছেন শান্তিলাল মুখোপাধ্যায়। যুগ্ম সম্পাদক পদে দিগন্ত বাগচীর সঙ্গে নতুন সংযোজন অঙ্কুশ হাজরা।
}}</ref>

His first acting assignment was opposite [[Sudipta Chakraborty]] in Bishnu Palchoudhuri's Hindi TV series ''Vish Briksha'' (1994) which was based on [[Bankim Chandra Chatterjee]]'s celebrated Bengali novel ''[[Bishabriksha]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-02-04 |title='এতগুলো বিয়ে আপনি ঠান্ডা মাথায় সামলালেন কীভাবে?', প্রসেনজিতকে প্রশ্ন সুদীপ্তার |url=https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/sudipta-chakraborty-s-hilarious-comment-on-prosenjit-chatterjee-s-marriage-3-times-31675509140570.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250819225419/https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/sudipta-chakraborty-s-hilarious-comment-on-prosenjit-chatterjee-s-marriage-3-times-31675509140570.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=19 August 2025 |access-date=2025-03-26 |website=Hindustantimes Bangla |language=bn}}</ref> After a string of roles in television, he made his big screen debut with ''[[Chandu (2001 film)|Chandu]]'' (2001) which was a commercial failure.<ref name="Chandu">{{cite news |title=Did you know Jeet made his debut in a Telugu film? |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/did-you-know/did-you-know-jeet-made-his-debut-in-a-telugu-film/articleshow/86454325.cms |access-date=29 July 2024 |work=The Times of India |date=25 September 2021}}</ref> He was catapulted to stardom after he portrayed the lead in ''[[Sathi (2002 film)|Sathi]]'' (2002) which became one of the [[List of highest-grossing Indian Bengali films|highest grossing Bengali films]] of all time.

In a career spanning over two decades, he has become one of the highest paid and biggest stars of [[Cinema of West Bengal|Bengali cinema]] throughout the years, receiving both critical acclaim and commercial success.<ref>{{cite news |title=Tollywood creates history, signs on Jeet for Rs 1 crore |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/tollywood-creates-history-signs-on-jeet-for-rs-1-crore/articleshow/50765962.cms |access-date=5 July 2024 |work=The Times of India |date=29 January 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Jeet: Interesting and lesser-known facts about the Bengali superstar |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/photo-features/jeet-interesting-and-lesser-known-facts-about-the-bengali-superstar/photostory/65484166.cms |access-date=5 July 2024 |work=The Times of India |date=29 August 2018}}</ref> Some of his commercially successful ventures includes ''[[Nater Guru]]'' (2003), ''[[Sangee]]'' (2003), ''[[Shubhodrishti]]'' (2005), ''[[Jor (film)|Jor]]'' (2008), ''[[Dui Prithibi (2010 film)|Dui Prithibi]]'' (2010), ''[[Josh (2010 film)|Josh]]'' (2010), ''[[Awara (2012 film)|Awara]] (2012)'', ''[[Fighter (2012 film)|Fighter]]'' (2012), ''[[Boss: Born to Rule]]'' (2013), ''[[Deewana (2013 film)|Deewana]]'' (2013), ''[[Bachchan (2014 film)|Bachchan]]'' (2014), ''[[Game: He Plays to Win|Game]]'' (2014), ''[[Badsha – The Don]]'' (2016), ''[[Boss 2: Back to Rule]]'' (2017), ''[[Raavan (2022 film)|Raavan]]'' (2022), ''[[Chengiz]]'' (2023) and ''[[Boomerang (2024 Bengali film)|Boomerang]]'' (2024).<ref>{{cite news |title=I don't look back and regret: Jeet |newspaper=[[Hindustan Times]] |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/regional-movies/i-don-t-look-back-and-regret-jeet/story-DVVMrL8fV9leLE0aQMpzUL.html |accessdate=5 Oct 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=You should not take decisions when you are angry: Jeet |newspaper=[[Hindustan Times]] |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/regional-movies/you-should-not-take-decisions-when-you-are-angry-jeet/story-sk7OCJhBV0nZ0juD0L5g5M.html |accessdate=28 Oct 2016}}</ref> ''[[Chengiz]]'' became the first Bengali film to get a simultaneous Hindi release, and was a commercial success.<ref name="indianexpress1">{{cite news |title=Jeet's Chengiz becomes first Bengali film to get a simultaneous Hindi release |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/regional/jeets-chengiz-becomes-first-bengali-film-to-get-a-simultaneous-hindi-release-8510060/|work=[[The Indian Express]] |date=21 March 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Chengiz, which was also the first Bengali film to release in Hindi, was the biggest hit of 2023 |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/box-office-special-features/box-office-2023-punjabi-films-grossed-rs-235-crores-marathi-films-grossed-rs-201-crores-bengali-films-grossed-rs-66-crores-2023/2024 |work=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |date=2 February 2024}}</ref>

He debuted as a producer in 2012 with his film ''[[100% Love (2012 film)|100% Love]]'', which became a box-office success. He has also been a recipient of numerous awards including Tele Cine Awards, [[Anandalok Puraskar]] for the Best Actor, [[Bengal Film Journalists' Association Awards|BFJA Awards]] (2003), [[Filmfare Awards East]] (2014), Bengali Film & Television Award (2023, 2024), [[Zee Media Corporation|Zee 24 Ghanta]] Ananya Samman (2024), Kalakar Awards (2014) for "King of Tollywood", and TV9 Bangla Ghorer Bioscope Awards for Contributions to the [[Cinema of West Bengal|Bengali Film Industry]].<ref>{{cite news |title=5 actors who changed Bengali cinema |url=https://www.thestatesman.com/entertainment/dev-saswata-prosenjit-5-actors-changed-bengali-cinema-1502567857.html#google_vignette |access-date=5 July 2024 |work=[[The Statesman (India)|The Statesman]] |date=19 January 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Bengali Superstar Jeet's actioner Chengiz – The first Bengali film ever to release in Hindi & Bengali simultaneously |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/bengali-superstar-jeets-actioner-chengiz-the-first-bengali-film-ever-to-release-in-hindi-bengali-simultaneouly-12324252.html |access-date=5 July 2024 |work=[[Firstpost]] |date=21 March 2023}}</ref>

== Personal life ==
Jeet was born into a [[Sindhis|Sindhi]] family.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/1090705/jsp/graphiti/story_11196272.jsp |title=Filmy comeback |access-date=4 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180305064824/https://www.telegraphindia.com/1090705/jsp/graphiti/story_11196272.jsp |archive-date=5 March 2018 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/1141019/jsp/7days/18942156.jsp |title=I am not an athlete with a number on my back, nor am I a telephone number |access-date=4 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180305064827/https://www.telegraphindia.com/1141019/jsp/7days/18942156.jsp |archive-date=5 March 2018 |url-status=dead}}</ref> He had reportedly been in a relationship with his co-star [[Swastika Mukherjee]] during the shooting of the film ''[[Mastan]]''.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/I-want-to-gift-Jeet-a-vase-Swastika/articleshow/7561039.cms |title=I want to gift Jeet a vase: Swastika |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=24 February 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180626205044/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/I-want-to-gift-Jeet-a-vase-Swastika/articleshow/7561039.cms |archive-date=26 June 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref>

Jeet subsequently married Mohna Ratlani, a school teacher from [[Lucknow]], India, on 24 February 2011.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/news-interviews/Marriages-are-made-in-heaven-Jeet/articleshow/7532443.cms?referral=PM |title=Marriages are made in heaven: Jeet |work=The Times of India |access-date=31 January 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140607235403/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/news-interviews/Marriages-are-made-in-heaven-Jeet/articleshow/7532443.cms?referral=PM |archive-date=7 June 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref> On 12 December 2012, they became parents to a daughter, Navanya Madnani.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/Jeets-a-father/articleshow/17587365.cms |title=Jeet's a father! |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=13 December 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170811102336/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/Jeets-a-father/articleshow/17587365.cms |archive-date=11 August 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Tollywood actor Jeet and wife Mohna set to welcome their second child|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/tollywood-actor-jeet-and-wife-mohna-set-to-welcome-their-second-child/cid/1969379|work=[[The Telegraph (India)|The Telegraph online]]|date=27 September 2023|access-date=29 July 2024}}</ref> In October 2023, Jeet and Mohna welcomed their second child, a son they named Ronav Madnani.<ref>{{cite news |title=Jeet becomes father for second time, welcomes baby boy with wife Mohna Madnani |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/jeet-becomes-father-for-second-time-welcomes-baby-boy-with-wife-mohna-madnani/cid/1973756}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Catch a glimpse of Jeet's adorable baby, Ronav!|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/my-kolkata/try-this/social/jeet-and-mohna-madnani-share-pic-of-second-child-ronav-on-instagram/cid/1993928|work=[[The Telegraph (India)|my KOLKATA]]|date=15 January 2024|access-date=29 July 2024}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |title=Jeet and his family celebrate son's first birthday |url=https://www.mobilemasala.com/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250625113928/https://www.mobilemasala.com/film-gossip/Jeet-and-his-family-celebrate-sons-first-birthday-i309627 |archive-date=2025-06-25 |access-date=2025-06-25 |website=Home {{!}} Mobile Masala |language=en}}</ref>

== Career ==
=== 1993–1997: Foray into television ===
Inspired by [[Uttam Kumar]] and [[Amitabh Bachchan]] in his childhood, Jeet began his career with modelling assignments and several ad films. In 1994, he starred in an advertisement of Nawab ganji under the production of [[DD Bangla|Doordarshan Bangla]]. This gave him the opportunity to star opposite [[Sudipta Chakraborty]] in Bishnu Pal Chowdhury's television series ''Bish Briksha'' (1994–95), based on the [[Bishabriksha|1873 novel of the same name]] by [[Bankim Chandra Chatterjee|Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay]]. His portrayal of Taracharan in the series led to his further appearances including as Anil in ''Janani'' (1995) under the production of Doordarshan Bangla. In this timespace, he also played minor parts in the serials including ''Bhabna'' (1995) and ''Sei Raate Raat Chhilo'' (1994–95). His appearances in these serials led critics to compare his look and acting style with those of [[Soumitra Chatterjee]], while Jeet had denied this fact claiming it to be a rumour.<ref name="Television" /> In 1995, he assisted [[Tapan Sinha]] in his Hindi anthology film ''[[Daughters of This Century]]'', in which he also starred in two of the film's segments – ''Kadambini'' starring [[Shabana Azmi]] and ''Champiya'' starring [[Deepa Sahi]].<ref name="Chandu"/><ref name="Television"/>

Jeet changed his decision to act in films in November 1996. He moved from Kolkata to [[Mumbai]] along with his friend Nirmal to pursue a full-time career in Bollywood.<ref>{{Cite web |last=IANS |date=2023-04-21 |title=Chengiz Actor Jeet On Being An Accidental Actor: "None Of My Family Members Are Related To Films Or Theatres" |url=https://www.koimoi.com/television/chengiz-actor-jeet-on-being-an-accidental-actor-none-of-my-family-members-are-related-to-films-or-theatres/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250625113325/https://www.koimoi.com/television/chengiz-actor-jeet-on-being-an-accidental-actor-none-of-my-family-members-are-related-to-films-or-theatres/ |archive-date=2025-06-25 |access-date=2025-06-25 |website=Koimoi |language=en-US}}</ref> He used to stay in a [[Housing cooperative|housing co-operative society]] named "Saathi" in [[Andheri]], where he met a cinematographer named Arif.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |date=2013-08-13 |title=JEET GOES DOWN MUMBAI MEMORY LANE |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/jeet-goes-down-mumbai-memory-lane/cid/267593 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250624191523/https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/jeet-goes-down-mumbai-memory-lane/cid/267593 |archive-date=2025-06-24 |access-date=2025-06-25 |work=[[The Telegraph (India)|The Telegraph]]}}</ref> On the latter's suggestion, Jeet started to feature in several music videos including "Kuchh Kuchh" and "Bewafa Tera Masoom Chehra" from the respective albums ''Loriyaan'' and ''Bewafa Tera Masoom Chehra'' in 1997. The same year, he played a small role of a police officer in [[B. P. Singh]]'s horror thriller series ''[[Aahat (Indian TV series)|Aahat]]'' in a segment named ''Raaz'',<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S9wYyidq9dU |title=''Jeet in'' Aahat Season 1: Raaz |date=2020-03-11 |last=TOPOF THETOP |access-date=2025-06-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250624190854/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S9wYyidq9dU&t=2177s |archive-date=2025-06-24 |via=[[YouTube]]}}</ref> and also made a cameo appearance in ''[[Jai Hanuman (1997 TV series)|Jai Hanuman]]'' (1997).<ref name="Television">{{Cite web |last=Dasgupta |first=Priyanka |date=7 February 2019 |title=I am happy at No. 3: Jeet |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/i-am-happy-at-no-3-jeet/articleshow/67868010.cms |access-date=13 April 2025 |work=[[The Times of India]] |quote=“I will not bring in Soumitra Chatterjee here. In the entire world, he is undoubtedly one of the most inspirational actors in the last two decades,” Jeet says.}}</ref> During this time, Jeet appeared with [[Kim Sharma]] in a [[Pepsi]] commercial featuring [[Shah Rukh Khan]].<ref name=":0" /> He was cast as the protagonist in a film named ''Suraj Dhalne Ke Baad'', which was never released.

In early 1998, Jeet returned to Kolkata being disappointed and began assisting Tapan Sinha in his horror comedy ''[[Ajab Gayer Ajab Katha|Ajab Gayer Ajab Kotha]]'' (1998). By this time, he started doing theatres in Proscenium Art Centre and got appraisals for his performances in the [[George Bernard Shaw]] written plays [[Arms and the Man|''Arms'' ''and The Man'']] and ''Man'' ''at The Floor''.<ref name=":3">{{Cite news |last=Mukherjee |first=Promita |date=2008-12-21 |title=The rising stars |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/culture/the-rising-stars/cid/514906 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250625114426/https://www.telegraphindia.com/culture/the-rising-stars/cid/514906 |archive-date=2025-06-25 |access-date=2025-06-25 |work=[[The Telegraph (India)|The Telegraph]] |quote=Haranath Chakrabarty, who turned new faces like Jeet in Sathi, says: “To make it big, youngsters should have confidence and self-belief, a photogenic face, know how to act and dance and should have a sense of rhythm."}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Unknown |date=2012-09-28 |title=RUN MADNANI: JEET |url=https://runthefighter.blogspot.com/2012/09/jeet-madnani-biography.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250624194804/https://runthefighter.blogspot.com/2012/09/jeet-madnani-biography.html |archive-date=2025-06-24 |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=[[Aaj Tak]]}}</ref> His time with the theatre company shaped his craft and kindled his attraction to makeup.<ref name=":1" /><ref name="Television" />

=== 2001–2004: Debut as a lead actor and beginning with tragic characters ===
In December 2000, Jeet auditioned for a bilingual film titled ''[[Chandu (2001 film)|Chandu]]''; it was to be shot simultaneously in Telugu and Hindi, while was filmed in the former language later. Credited as Pavan Kumar in the film, Jeet made his feature film debut as well as debut in [[Telugu cinema]], which was a box office failure.<ref name=":2">{{Cite news |date=2021-08-09 |title=When Jeet's Telugu debut film tanked at the box office |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/did-you-know/did-you-know-jeet-made-his-debut-in-a-telugu-film/articleshow/85170667.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250625075114/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/did-you-know/did-you-know-jeet-made-his-debut-in-a-telugu-film/articleshow/85170667.cms |archive-date=2025-06-25 |access-date=2025-06-25 |work=[[The Times of India]] |issn=0971-8257 |quote=The Tollywood hunk made his cinematic debut in a Telugu film named ‘Chandu’ which failed to gain positive response at the box office.}}</ref> The film's lacklustre performance led him to question his prospects in the film industry, prompting a brief hiatus during which he reevaluated his aspirations and approach to acting.<ref name=":12">{{Cite news |date=2021-09-25 |title=Did you know Jeet made his debut in a Telugu film? |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/did-you-know/did-you-know-jeet-made-his-debut-in-a-telugu-film/articleshow/86454325.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221111101132/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/did-you-know/did-you-know-jeet-made-his-debut-in-a-telugu-film/articleshow/86454325.cms |archive-date=11 November 2022 |access-date=2024-12-13 |work=[[The Times of India]] |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref name=":2" /> He made his foray into Bengali cinema through the musical romance ''[[Sathi (2002 film)|Sathi]]'' the next year, alongside [[Priyanka Upendra]].<ref name="Chatterjee">{{Cite news |last=Chatterjee |first=Arindam |date=29 May 2014 |title=Man on a mission |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/1140529/jsp/t2/story_18391502.jsp |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171109045812/https://www.telegraphindia.com/1140529/jsp/t2/story_18391502.jsp |archive-date=9 November 2017 |access-date=9 November 2017 |work=The Telegraph}}</ref> An adaptation of the 1931 [[Charlie Chaplin]] film ''[[City Lights]]'', the film had Jeet playing the role of an aspiring singer who is desperate to restore the sights of his love interest.<ref name="Chatterjee"/> With global revenues of {{INR convert|10.19|c}}, ''Sathi'' emerged as the [[List of Indian Bengali films of 2002|highest-grossing Bengali film of 2002]] and one of the [[List of highest-grossing Indian Bengali films|highest-grossing Bengali films of all time]]. Jeet's performance was acclaimed by critics; he received [[Bengal Film Journalists' Association Awards|Most Promising Actor]] and [[Anandalok Best Actor Award|Best Actor]] awards at the [[Bengal Film Journalists' Association Awards|BFJA Awards]] and [[Anandalok Puraskar]] respectively.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jeet received his accolades for ''Sathi'' |url=http://jeetfansclubdumdum.weebly.com/awards.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250625120357/https://jeetfansclubdumdum.weebly.com/awards.html |archive-date=2025-06-25 |access-date=2025-06-25 |website=Maars.com}}</ref> The film established him as a prominent actor in Bengali cinema.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Roy |first=Priyanka A. |date=2024-06-14 |title=Jeet marks June 14 as a significant day. t2ONLINE gives you the deets |url=https://t2online.in/screen/bengali/superstar-jeet-marks-june-14-as-a-significant-day--t2online-gives-you-the-deets/984446 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250625112951/https://t2online.in/screen/bengali/superstar-jeet-marks-june-14-as-a-significant-day--t2online-gives-you-the-deets/984446 |archive-date=2025-06-25 |access-date=2025-06-25 |website=[[The Telegraph (India)|t2online.in]] |language=en}}</ref> The actor found life hard after his overnight success, particularly the demands on his time.<ref name=":3" /><ref>{{Cite news |date=2018-08-29 |title=Jeet: Interesting and lesser-known facts about the Bengal's Boss |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/photo-features/jeet-interesting-and-lesser-known-facts-about-the-bengali-superstar/photostory/65484166.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250625112219/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/photo-features/jeet-interesting-and-lesser-known-facts-about-the-bengali-superstar/photostory/65484166.cms |archive-date=2025-06-25 |access-date=2025-06-25 |work=[[The Times of India]] |issn=0971-8257 |quote=The personal diary becomes his best friend at that time and he pours his heart out there. Most of us drastically fail at managing our anger because we often let anger cloud our judgment but for Jeet, in these troubled times, the diary is his only loyal companion.}}</ref>

Following the success of ''Sathi'', Jeet garnered the most appreciation for portraying tragic roles in two box office hits: a one-sided lover in ''[[Sangee (2003 film)|Sangee]]'' (2003), and a footballer who is responsible for his best friend as well as an ex-footballer's disability in ''[[Premi]]'' (2004), which is an adaptation of [[Moti Nandi]]'s 1991 novel ''Aparajita Ananda''.<ref>{{cite news |date=5 August 2004 |title=Premi |url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1040805/asp/calcutta/story_3584409.asp |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130203152048/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1040805/asp/calcutta/story_3584409.asp |archive-date=3 February 2013 |access-date=2 July 2024 |work=[[The Telegraph (India)|The Telegraph]]}}</ref> In the latter, he shared screen with [[Jisshu Sengupta]] and the debutante [[Chandana Sharma]] and it also marked [[Jeet Gannguli]]'s debut as a composer, with whom Jeet collaborated multiple times later. His another release was ''[[Nater Guru]]'' (2003), based on a story by [[Samaresh Basu]], in his third collaboration with Haranath Chakraborty. It was the first of many appearances of Jeet with [[Koel Mallick]], who made her debut with the film.<ref>{{cite news |date=24 April 2003 |title=Koel's on a Tolly high with Nater Guru |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/calcutta-times/koels-on-a-tolly-high-with-nater-guru/articleshow/44312101.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250626060426/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/calcutta-times/koels-on-a-tolly-high-with-nater-guru/articleshow/44312101.cms |archive-date=2025-06-26 |access-date=2024-07-02 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> Jeet's performance as a struggling lyricist in ''[[Shakti (2004 film)|Shakti]]'' (2004) co-starring [[Raima Sen]], conferred him with the Best Actor award in the Bangla Sangeet Chalacchitra Samman in 2005.<ref>{{cite news |title=Akrosh Review |url=http://www.gomolo.com/akrosh-movie/15304 |access-date=2 July 2024 |work=Gomolo |archive-date=9 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191109091526/http://www.gomolo.com/akrosh-movie/15304 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

In 2004, Jeet starred in a Bengali and Odia bilingual film ''[[Mastan]]'' co-starring [[Swastika Mukherjee]], in his first of the frequent collaborations with its director [[Ravi Kinagi|Ravi Kinnagi]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bhattacharya |first=Arnab |date=29 October 2004 |title=Hand-picked kitsch |url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1041029/asp/etc/story_3936767.asp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130203123148/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1041029/asp/etc/story_3936767.asp |archive-date=3 February 2013 |accessdate=19 November 2008 |publisher=telegraphindia.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Mitra |first1=Anindita |date=11 November 2006 |title=Anchor of strength |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/culture/anchor-of-strength/cid/1541313 |access-date=1 April 2025 |work=[[The Telegraph (India)|The Telegraph]] |quote=Swastika’s debut film, Mastan with Jeet as her co-star did well.}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Mastaan |url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1041029/asp/etc/story_3936767.asp |access-date=2 July 2024 |work=The Telegraph |date=29 October 2004 |archive-date=3 February 2013 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130203123148/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1041029/asp/etc/story_3936767.asp |url-status=bot: unknown }}</ref> In his final release of the year, he portrayed a widower father in Kinnagi's family drama ''[[Bandhan (2004 film)|Bandhan]]'', co-starring Koel Mallick.<ref name=":4">{{cite news |date=24 December 2004 |title=Bandhan |url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1041224/asp/etc/story_4170235.asp |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://archive.today/20121208220922/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1041224/asp/etc/story_4170235.asp |archive-date=8 December 2012 |access-date=2 July 2024 |work=[[The Telegraph (India)|The Telegraph]]}}</ref> The writer Janine Martin has referred to the picture as the blockbuster of the 2000s, a "pot-pourri of romance, songs, and entertainment." Jeet won the [[Bengal Film Journalists' Association – Best Actor Award|Best Actor]] award at the [[Bengal Film Journalists' Association Awards|BFJA Awards]], although he and several critics believed his performance to have been overshadowed by that of Mallick.<ref name=":5">{{Cite news |last=Ganguly |first=Ruman |date=2017-01-12 |title=Hit jodi Jeet, Koel back on screen! |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/hit-jodi-jeet-koel-back-on-screen/articleshow/48111778.cms#:~:text=Talking%20about%20the%20Jeet%20Koel,Shree%20Venkatesh%20Films,%20releases%20today. |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250626121333/https://gum.criteo.com/syncframe?origin=criteoPrebidAdapter&topUrl=timesofindia.indiatimes.com&gpp= |archive-date=2025-06-26 |access-date=2025-06-26 |work=[[The Times of India]] |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref name=":4" /> Running for over 40 weeks in theatres, ''Bandhan'' gave a new name to the pair of Jeet and Mallick, which is "JeKo", known by the initials of their names.<ref name=":5" /><ref>{{Cite news |date=2017-01-11 |title=Jeet, Koel share the secret of their chemistry |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/jeet-koel-share-the-secret-of-their-chemistry/articleshow/11302168.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250626122804/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/jeet-koel-share-the-secret-of-their-chemistry/articleshow/11302168.cms |archive-date=2025-06-26 |access-date=2025-06-26 |work=[[The Times of India]] |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

The roles in this phase of his career, and the series of romantic tragedies and family dramas that followed, earned Jeet widespread adulation from audiences, and according to the author Bhaswati Ghosh, established him as an icon of tragedy in [[West Bengal]]. He continued to have frequent professional associations with [[Shree Venkatesh Films|Shrikant Mohta]], [[Nispal Singh]] and Kinnagi, who moulded his image and made him into a superstar. Jeet became a romantic leading man without ever actually kissing any of his co-stars, and also gained a huge popularity for featuring songs lend by [[Sonu Nigam]], [[Shaan (singer)|Shaan]] and [[Babul Supriyo]].

=== 2005–2008: Critical and commercial success ===
In 2005, he acted in ''[[Yuddho]]'' along with [[Mithun Chakraborty]], [[Debashree Roy]] and Koel Mallick.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Telegraph Calcutta: Metro |url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1050829/asp/calcutta/story_5169894.asp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924130906/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1050829/asp/calcutta/story_5169894.asp |archive-date=24 September 2015 |access-date=31 January 2015 |work=The Telegraph |location=Kolkota}}</ref> That same year, Jeet collaborated with Mallick in ''[[Shubhodrishti]]'' and ''[[Manik (2005 film)|Manik]]'', both directed by [[Prabhat Roy]].<ref>{{cite news |title=A match for screen |url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1051101/asp/calcutta/story_5424926.asp |access-date=2 July 2024 |work=The Telegraph |date=1 November 2005 |archive-date=5 January 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100105110409/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1051101/asp/calcutta/story_5424926.asp |url-status=bot: unknown }}</ref> Jeet won the [[Anandalok Puraskar|Anandalok Awards]] for Best Actor for ''[[Manik (2005 film)|Manik]]''.<ref>{{cite news |title=Mixed menu for Poila Baisakh platter |url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1050331/asp/calcutta/story_4556863.asp |access-date=2 July 2024 |work=The Telegraph |date=31 March 2005 |archive-date=18 December 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071218213736/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1050331/asp/calcutta/story_4556863.asp |url-status=bot: unknown }}</ref>

Jeet again acted with Mallick in two consecutive films – ''Ghatak'' and ''[[Hero (2006 film)|Hero]]''.<ref>{{cite news |title=Ghatak (2006 – Bengali) |url=http://www.gomolo.com/ghatak-movie/15427 |access-date=2 July 2024 |work=Gomolo |archive-date=5 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191205044225/http://www.gomolo.com/ghatak-movie/15427 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Cast & Crew of "Hero" |url=http://www.gomolo.com/hero-movie-cast-crew/15386 |access-date=2 July 2024 |work=Gomolo |archive-date=28 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160328120140/http://www.gomolo.com/hero-movie-cast-crew/15386 |url-status=dead }}</ref> He played Govindlal in [[Raja Sen]]'s directional venture ''Krishnakanter Will'', which starred [[Swastika Mukherjee]] and [[Monali Thakur]] as female leads.<ref>{{cite news |title=For me, unlucky 13 is not a concern: Jeet |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/For-me-unlucky-13-is-not-a-concern-Jeet/articleshow/14743544.cms |access-date=2 July 2024 |work=Times of India |date=8 July 2012}}</ref> His next film was with [[Hrishitaa Bhatt]], titled ''Bidhatar Lekha'', which starred [[Priyanshu Chatterjee]] as the main [[antagonist]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Bidhatar Lekha (2007 - Bengali) |url=http://www.gomolo.com/bidhatar-lekha-movie/15444 |access-date=2 July 2024 |work=Gomolo |archive-date=5 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191105052954/http://www.gomolo.com/bidhatar-lekha-movie/15444 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The film explores two lovers and their relationship in their last life that had come to a tragic end, and the pair confronts each other again in the current incarnation. He again collaborated with Mukherjee for the film ''[[Partner (2008 film)|Partner]]'' in 2008.<ref>{{cite news |title=Partnership that works |url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1080728/jsp/entertainment/story_9610128.jsp |access-date=3 July 2024 |work=The Telegraph |date=28 July 2008 |archive-date=25 May 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110525234430/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1080728/jsp/entertainment/story_9610128.jsp |url-status=bot: unknown }}</ref> Jeet collaborated with [[Varsha Priyadarshini]] for ''[[Jor (film)|Jor]]'' which, made on a budget {{INR}}1.25 crore, crossed seven weeks in theater and proved to be a hit at the box office.<ref>[http://www.telegraphindia.com/1080312/jsp/entertainment/story_9011073.jsp Tolly tally] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402124803/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1080312/jsp/entertainment/story_9011073.jsp|date=2 April 2015}}. Telegraph India.com. 12 March 2008</ref>

=== 2009–2017: Further success ===
[[File:Jeet actor.JPG|thumb|upright|Jeet during a film shoot in 2009]]

Jeet appeared with Mallick in the films ''[[Saat Paake Bandha]]'' and ''[[Neel Akasher Chandni]]''. He starred in ''[[Dui Prithibi (2010 film)|Dui Prithibi]]'', which was released on 14 October 2010. ''Dui Prithibi'' was the highest grosser of 2010, according to a study conducted by [[Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce & Industry|FICCI]] and [[Deloitte]].<ref name="st">{{Cite news |date=23 December 2011 |title=Alive & Kicking |work=The Statesman |url=http://www.thestatesman.net/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=394374&catid=47 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130222052710/http://www.thestatesman.net/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=394374&catid=47 |archive-date=22 February 2013}}</ref><ref name="et">{{Cite news |date=30 April 2011 |title=The revival of Bangla film industry |work=The Economic Times |url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2011-04-30/news/29490800_1_bengali-films-bengali-cinema-mukta-arts/2 |url-status=dead |access-date=31 January 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150426213655/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2011-04-30/news/29490800_1_bengali-films-bengali-cinema-mukta-arts/2 |archive-date=26 April 2015}}</ref><ref name="i">{{Cite news |date=19 December 2011 |title=Film industry wants Mamata to focus right in revamp shot |work=The Indian Express |url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/Film-industry-wants-Mamata-to-focus-right-in-revamp-shot/889518/}}</ref><ref name="de">{{Cite news |date=Dec 2011 |title=A symphony of art Media & Entertainment in East India-Bengal |publisher=Deloitte |url=http://www.deloitte.com/assets/Dcom-India/Local%20Assets/Documents/A_symphony_of_art.pdf}}{{dead link|date=April 2017|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref>

Jeet next starred with [[Srabanti Chatterjee]] in ''[[Fighter (2011 film)|Fighter]]'', the remake of the [[Telugu cinema|Telugu film]] ''[[Lakshyam (2007 film)|Lakshyam]]''.<ref>{{cite news |title=Pack a punch |url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1101216/jsp/entertainment/story_13304549.jsp |access-date=4 July 2024 |work=The Telegraph |date=16 December 2010 |archive-date=19 December 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101219164758/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1101216/jsp/entertainment/story_13304549.jsp |url-status=bot: unknown }}</ref> He worked with [[Nusrat Jahan]] in [[Raj Chakraborty]]'s action film ''[[Shotru]]'', which was a remake of the [[Tamil language|Tamil]] film ''[[Singam]]''.<ref>{{cite news |title=Clash of remakes in film industry |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/Clash-of-remakes-in-film-industry/articleshow/8459216.cms |access-date=4 July 2024 |work=Times of India |date=20 May 2011}}</ref> Roshni Mukherjee of ''[[The Times of India]]'' gave the film a positive review.<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 June 2011 |title=Shatru Movie Review |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movie-reviews/Shatru/movie-review/8757899.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141228050530/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movie-reviews/Shatru/movie-review/8757899.cms |archive-date=28 December 2014 |access-date=31 January 2015 |work=The Times of India}}</ref> Jeet reappeared with [[Priyanka Trivedi]] in ''Hello Memsaheb''.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 October 2011 |title=Hello Memsaheb (2011) – Bengali Movie Review |url=http://calcuttatube.com/hello-memsaheb-2011-bengali-movie-review/156588 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120617062524/http://calcuttatube.com/hello-memsaheb-2011-bengali-movie-review/156588/ |archive-date=17 June 2012 |access-date=31 January 2015 |publisher=calcuttatube.com}}</ref> In 2012 he became a producer with the movie ''[[100% Love (2012 film)|100% Love]]'', in which he also acted together with Mallick.<ref>{{cite news |title=Koel-Jeet chemistry |url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1120117/jsp/entertainment/story_15013126.jsp |access-date=4 July 2024 |work=The Telegraph |date=17 January 2012 |archive-date=20 January 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120120204517/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1120117/jsp/entertainment/story_15013126.jsp |url-status=bot: unknown }}</ref> His second film in 2012 with [[Sayantika Banerjee]] was ''[[Awara (film)|Awara]]'', which was the highest-grossing film of the year 2012. In 2013, he appeared in the gangster action film ''[[Boss: Born to Rule|Boss]]'' with [[Subhashree Ganguly]] which was a remake of [[Mahesh Babu]]'s ''[[Businessman (film)|Businessman]]''.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2017-01-11 |title=Exclusive first look of Jeet's next |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/exclusive-first-look-of-jeets-next/articleshow/20572776.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250625115151/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/exclusive-first-look-of-jeets-next/articleshow/20572776.cms |archive-date=2025-06-25 |access-date=2025-06-25 |work=[[The Times of India]] |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Jeet or Subhashree: Who is the Boss? |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/Jeet-or-Subhashree-Who-is-the-Boss/articleshow/21186167.cms |access-date=4 July 2024 |work=Times of India |date=20 July 2013 |archive-date=26 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150226051146/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/Jeet-or-Subhashree-Who-is-the-Boss/articleshow/21186167.cms |url-status=bot: unknown }}</ref> Although the film received mixed reviews from critics, Jaya Biswas of ''The Times of India'' wrote that "Jeet [...] can dance, fight and emote as well."<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 August 2013 |title=Boss Movie Review |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movie-reviews/Boss/movie-review/21746174.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140221012635/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movie-reviews/Boss/movie-review/21746174.cms |archive-date=21 February 2014 |access-date=31 January 2015 |work=The Times of India}}</ref> Jeet won the Kalakar Awards for The King of Tollywood for the film. He was also nominated for Best Actor in the inaugural ceremony of [[Filmfare Awards East]].

Jeet acted in an extended special performance with [[Abir Chatterjee]] and [[Shraddha Das]] in [[Neeraj Pandey]]'s debut Bengali production venture ''[[The Royal Bengal Tiger (film)|The Royal Bengal Tiger]]''.<ref>{{cite news |title=Abir and Jeet steal the show at the premiere of The Royal Bengal Tiger in Kolkata |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/events/kolkata/Abir-and-Jeet-steal-the-show-at-the-premiere-of-The-Royal-Bengal-Tiger-in-Kolkata/articleshow/29710866.cms |access-date=5 July 2024 |work=The Times of India |date=1 February 2014}}</ref> Produced by [[Friday Filmworks]] and Jeet's Grassroot Entertainment and distributed by [[Viacom18 Studios|Viacom 18 Motion Pictures]], the film turned out to be a critical and commercial success. Jeet's performance of a suave and slightly dangerous Anjan who completely transforms the main [[protagonist]] in the film, received critical acclaim.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 February 2014 |title=The Royal Bengal Tiger Movie Review |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movie-reviews/The-Royal-Bengal-Tiger/movie-review/29764631.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140424143623/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movie-reviews/The-Royal-Bengal-Tiger/movie-review/29764631.cms |archive-date=24 April 2014 |access-date=31 January 2015 |work=The Times of India}}</ref> He also acted in Baba Yadav's second directional venture ''[[Game (2014 film)|Game]]'', in which he played an officer of the [[Defence Intelligence Agency (India)|Defence Intelligence Agency]] (DIA) working in the [[Indian Army]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Game (Bengali) / More action less romance |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/screen/game-bengali-more-action-less-romance/ |access-date=5 July 2024 |work=Indian Express |date=20 June 2014}}</ref> In 2014, Jeet co-starred with [[Aindrita Ray]] (in her debut Bengali film) in the film ''[[Bachchan (2014 film)|Bachchan]]'', which was released on 3 October 2014, to positive response from critics as well as from audiences.<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 April 2013 |title=Full Biography Bengali Film Actor Jeet |url=http://cinejalsha.com/full-biography-bengali-film-actor-jeet |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130914042151/http://cinejalsha.com/full-biography-bengali-film-actor-jeet/ |archive-date=14 September 2013 |access-date=9 April 2013 |publisher=cinejalsha.com}}</ref>

In 2015 he co-starred in the [[action comedy]] film ''[[Besh Korechi Prem Korechi]]'' with [[Koel Mallick]]. The film included [[Kharaj Mukherjee]], [[Puneet Issar]] and [[Ashish Vidyarthi]] in lead roles.<ref>{{cite news |title=Hit jodi Jeet, Koel back on screen! |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/Hit-jodi-Jeet-Koel-back-on-screen/articleshow/48111778.cms |access-date=5 July 2024 |work=The Times of India |date=17 July 2015}}</ref> It was a remake of the Telugu movie [[Loukyam]]. In 2016, he starred in ''[[Power (2016 film)|Power]]'' and ''[[Badsha – The Don]]''.<ref>{{cite news |title=Power Movie Review |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movie-reviews/power/movie-review/51889891.cms |access-date=5 July 2024 |work=The Times of India |date=15 April 2016}}</ref> Directed by [[Baba Yadav]], ''[[Badsha – The Don]]'' was an Indian-Bangladeshi action [[comedy film]]. Both films failed at the box office.<ref>{{cite news |title=Here are the remake Rajas of Tollywood|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/here-are-the-remake-rajas-of-tollywood/articleshow/58695752.cms |access-date=5 July 2024 |work=The Times of India |date=16 May 2017}}</ref> He also played the lead role in ''[[Abhimaan (2016 film)|Abhimaan]]''.<ref>{{cite news |title=Jeet, Subhashree, Sayantika team up for Raj's film |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/Jeet-Subhashree-Sayantika-team-up-for-Rajs-film/articleshow/52795589.cms |access-date=5 July 2024 |work=The Times of India |date=18 June 2016}}</ref> 2017 onwards all his films have been released under the banner of his own production houses "Grassroot Entertainment" and "Jeetz Filmworks". In 2017 he starred in ''[[Boss 2: Back to Rule]]'', a sequel to his 2013 film ''[[Boss: Born to Rule]]''. Jeet reprised his role of Surya aka Surya Bhai. An India-Bangladesh joint production directed by Baba Yadav, it features [[Subhashree Ganguly]] and Bangladeshi actress [[Nusraat Faria]] in the leading roles.<ref>{{cite news |title=Jeet and Subhashree pair up for Boss sequel |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/Jeet-and-Subhashree-pair-up-for-Boss-sequel/articleshow/22544220.cms |access-date=5 July 2024 |work=The Times of India |date=13 September 2013}}</ref> It went on to become the [[List of highest-grossing Indian Bengali films|fourth highest grossing Bengali film of all time]] grossing more than 10.5 crores.<ref>{{cite news |title=Top 5 Bengali films with good numbers at box office |url=https://www.thestatesman.com/entertainment/top-5-bengali-films-with-good-numbers-at-box-office-1502545532.html |access-date=5 July 2024 |work=[[The Statesman (India)|The Statesman]] |date=15 December 2017}}</ref>

=== 2018–2021: Career fluctuations ===

In 2018, first he released ''[[Inspector Notty K]]''. It failed at the box office and received negative reviews from the critics.<ref>{{cite news |title=INSPECTOR NOTTY K MOVIE REVIEW |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movie-reviews/inspector-notty-k/movie-review/62603802.cms |access-date=5 July 2024 |work=The Times of India |date=19 January 2018}}</ref> Then he played the titular role in ''[[Sultan: The Saviour]]'' which is a remake of 2015 Tamil movie [[Vedalam]]. It was commercial success.<ref>{{cite news |title=SULTAN THE SAVIOUR MOVIE REVIEW |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movie-reviews/sultan-the-saviour/movie-review/64683966.cms |access-date=5 July 2024 |work=The Times of India |date=15 June 2018}}</ref> His third film that year was ''Bagh Bandi Khela''.<ref>{{cite news |title='বাঘ বন্দি খেলা'য় এক ফ্রেমে প্রসেনজিৎ, জিৎ ও সোহম |url=https://bengali.indianexpress.com/entertainment/bagh-bandi-khela-is-coming-on-star-jalsha-movies/ |access-date=5 July 2024 |work=Indian Express Bangla |date=12 November 2018}}</ref> In 2019, he first acted in the [[comedy-drama]] ''[[Baccha Shoshur]]''.<ref>{{cite news |title=The quirky trailer of 'Baccha Shoshur' is winning hearts |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/the-quirky-trailer-of-baccha-shoshur-is-winning-hearts/articleshow/67598029.cms |access-date=5 July 2024 |work=The Times of India |date=19 January 2019}}</ref> Then he co-starred in ''[[Shesh Theke Shuru]]'' with [[Koel Mallick]].<ref>{{cite news |title=SHESH THEKE SHURU MOVIE REVIEW |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movie-details/shesh-theke-shuru/movieshow/68890128.cms |access-date=5 July 2024 |work=The Times of India |date=5 June 2019}}</ref> It was the 50th movie of Jeet since his first movie [[Chandu (2001 film)|''Chandu'']] (2001) and it marked the collaboration between Jeet and [[Koel Mallick]] after four years since they last worked altogether in 2015 film ''[[Besh Korechi Prem Korechi]]''. His third film in 2019 was ''[[Panther: Hindustan Meri Jaan]]''. An [[action thriller]] directed by debutant Anshuman Pratyush, although majority of the audiences appreciated it, critics gave it overwhelmingly negative reviews.<ref>{{cite news |title=Jeet wraps up 'Panther' shoot, pens an emotional message |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/jeet-wraps-up-panther-shoot-pens-an-emotional-message/articleshow/70035814.cms |access-date=5 July 2024 |work=The Times of India |date=2 July 2019}}</ref> In 2020, Jeet starred in the critically acclaimed ''[[Asur (film)|Asur]]'' directed by [[Pavel Bhattacharjee]].<ref>{{cite news |title=ASUR MOVIE REVIEW |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movie-reviews/asur/movie-review/73107291.cms |access-date=5 July 2024 |work=The Times of India |date=3 January 2020}}</ref> It was a tribute to the sculptor [[Ramkinkar Baij]]. In 2021, he starred in ''[[Baazi (2021 film)|Baazi]]'', a film made under his production house Jeetz Filmworks, opposite [[Mimi Chakraborty]]. It was released in October during [[Durga Puja|Puja holidays]] and became a box office failure.<ref>{{cite news |title=প্রথমবার একসঙ্গে জিৎ-মিমি, প্রকাশ্যে এল 'বাজি'-র টিজার |url=https://bangla.aajtak.in/cinema-and-tv-serial-news/tollywood-bengali-cinema/story/jeet-mimi-chakraborty-pairs-together-first-time-bengali-movie-baazi-teaser-releases-250176-2020-11-12 |access-date=5 July 2024 |work=Aaj Tak Bangla |language=bn|date=12 November 2020}}</ref>

=== 2022–present: Comeback and commercial expansion ===

In 2022, he starred in ''[[Ravaan (2022 film)|Ravaan]]'', a film made under his production house Jeetz Filmworks. It released on [[Eid al-Fitr]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jeet starts shooting for his next 'Raavan' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/jeet-starts-shooting-for-his-next-raavan/articleshow/87204830.cms |website=The Times of India |date=22 October 2021 }}</ref> The film received moderate reviews and became successful at the box office.<ref>{{cite news |title=লাল চোখে কুটিল হাসি, 'রাবণ'-এর চরিত্রে চমকে দিলেন অভিনেতা জিৎ |url=https://www.sangbadpratidin.in/entertainment/cinema/actor-jeet-turns-raavan-for-upcoming-film/ |access-date=5 July 2024 |work=[[Sangbad Pratidin]] |language=bn|date=16 October 2021}}</ref> While Jeet's performance received praise, the plot and screenplay was criticised. In 2023, he starred in the action-thriller ''[[Chengiz]]'' which became the first Bengali film to be released simultaneously in both [[Bengali language|Bengali]] and [[Hindi]] languages on 21 April 2023.<ref name="indianexpress1" /><ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2023-03-21 |title=Jeet's Chengiz to become first film in the country to release in Hindi and Bengali simultaneously |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/international/news/2023/Mar/21/jeets-chengiz-to-become-first-film-in-the-country-to-release-in-hindi-and-bengali-simultaneously-41354.html |access-date=2025-06-25 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref> It received a superhit verdict and became the highest grossing Bengali film of 2023.<ref>{{cite news |title=Chengiz, which was also the first Bengali film to release in Hindi, was the biggest hit of 2023 |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/box-office-special-features/box-office-2023-punjabi-films-grossed-rs-235-crores-marathi-films-grossed-rs-201-crores-bengali-films-grossed-rs-66-crores-2023/ |work=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |date=2 February 2024}}</ref> His second film in 2023 was ''[[Manush: Child of Destiny]]'' with Jeetu Kamal, Sushmita Chatterjee and [[Bidya Sinha Saha Mim]]. It was also released in Hindi besides Bengali and performed average at the box office.<ref>{{cite news |title=Jeet-Jeetu Kamal in One Frame, 'Manush' Star Cast Revealed |url=https://eisamay.com/entertainment/cinema/bengali-actor-jeet-reveals-the-star-cast-of-upcoming-movie-manush/articleshow/96231747.cms|work=[[Ei Samay]] |date=14 December 2022}}</ref>

His next venture was ''[[Boomerang (2024 Bengali film)|Boomerang]]'', which released on 7 June 2024 after it was postponed due to the [[2024 Indian general election|2024 General Elections]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Jeet's Boomerang gets new release date, will hit cinemas June first week |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/jeets-boomerang-gets-new-release-date-will-hit-cinemas-june-first-week/cid/2008740 |work=[[The Telegraph (India)|The Telegraph]] |date=23 March 2024}}</ref> The first [[sci-fi]] [[comedy film]] of Bengal, the film received positive reviews from the critics and audience alike.<ref>{{cite news |title=সুপারহিরো জিৎ, রোবট রুক্মিণী, মন জিততে পারল 'বুমেরাং'? পড়ুন রিভিউ |url=https://www.sangbadpratidin.in/entertainment/film-review/here-is-the-review-of-jeet-rukmini-maitra-starrer-boomerang-movie/ |access-date=19 June 2024 |work=[[Sangbad Pratidin]] |language=bn|date=8 June 2024}}</ref> In 2025, he made his web series debut in the [[Netflix]] series ''[[Khakee: The Bengal Chapter]]'' created by [[Neeraj Pandey]]. It also marked his Hindi debut and earned him multiple OTT awards.<ref>{{cite news |last=Chakraborty|first=Shamayita|title=Khakee: The Bengal Chapter: Jeet shoots with Neeraj Pandey in North Kolkata |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/khakee-the-bengal-chapter-jeet-shoots-with-neeraj-pandey-in-north-kolkata/9d3a0b6a55882 |work=[[HT Media|OTTplay]] |date=19 June 2024|access-date=8 August 2024}}</ref>

== Filmography ==
{{Main|Jeet filmography}}

== Other works ==

=== Brand endorsements ===
A relatively small budget ad of a regional brand of men's underwear had Jeet in the lead. He became the brand ambassador of Fashion at [[Big Bazaar]] (a unit of [[Future Group]]) on 18 September 2013.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.futuregroup.in/pdf/fbb-Jeet_Event.pdf |title=Superstar Jeet is the new face of FBB |publisher=Future Group |access-date=18 September 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140814161553/http://futuregroup.in/pdf/fbb-Jeet_Event.pdf |archive-date=14 August 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref> In 2005, a special [[Durga Puja]] campaign of [[Thums Up]] launched Jeet as their brand ambassador in [[West Bengal]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1060818/asp/calcutta/story_6623196.asp |title=Enter, box-office brandwagon- Door of product promotion opens up for cash-starved Tollywood |work=[[The Telegraph (Kolkata)|The Telegraph]] |author=Reshmi Sengupta |date=18 August 2006 |access-date=2 March 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402174224/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1060818/asp/calcutta/story_6623196.asp |archive-date=2 April 2015 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Jeet launched the Times Food Guide 2012 in [[Kolkata]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/food/food-reviews/Times-Food-Guide-2012-launched-in-Kolkata/articleshow/11847927.cms |title=Times Food Guide 2012 launched in Kolkata |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=12 February 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170811151639/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/food/food-reviews/Times-Food-Guide-2012-launched-in-Kolkata/articleshow/11847927.cms |archive-date=11 August 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Sports ventures ===
Jeet was also the ex-captain of the [[Celebrity Cricket League|Bengal Tigers]] in the [[Celebrity Cricket League]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.sify.com/news/kolkata-s-bengal-tigers-to-play-in-ccl-ii-news-sports-ll1qQvbdcdjsi.html |title=Kolkata's 'Bengal Tigers' to play in CCL II |work=[[Rediff.com]] |access-date=27 November 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170404052622/http://www.sify.com/news/kolkata-s-bengal-tigers-to-play-in-ccl-ii-news-sports-ll1qQvbdcdjsi.html |archive-date=4 April 2017 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Jeet had also acquired the Kolkata franchise of the first-ever multi-nation [[2016 Premier Futsal season]] that started on 15 July 2016. The team is known as "Kolkata 5s" as each franchise was similarly named in the inaugural season.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/sports/football/bengali-actor-jeet-acquires-kolkata-team-of-premier-futsal-league-2897246/ |title=Bengali actor Jeet acquires Kolkata team of Premier Futsal league |work=[[The Indian Express]] |access-date=6 July 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160706130341/http://indianexpress.com/article/sports/football/bengali-actor-jeet-acquires-kolkata-team-of-premier-futsal-league-2897246/ |archive-date=6 July 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref>

== Awards==
{{Main|List of awards and nominations received by Jeet}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category}}
* {{Wikiquote inline}}
* {{Official website|url=http://www.jeetonline.com}}
* {{IMDb name|3359107}}


{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Jeet}}
[[Category:Bengal Film Journalists' Association Award winners]]
[[Category:Bhawanipur Education Society College alumni]]
[[Category:Indian Sindhi people]]
[[Category:Sindhi male actors]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Male actors from Kolkata]]
[[Category:Male actors in Bengali cinema]]
[[Category:People from New Alipore]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Sindhi Hindus]]
[[Category:Indian television presenters]]
[[Category:Bengali film producers]]

Deccanis

2026-01-29T03:34:42Z

Filmeekeeda:

{{short description|Ethnoreligious community in India}}
{{pp-extended|small=yes}}
{{infobox ethnic group
| group = Deccani
| image = Portrait of Burhan Nizam Shah II.jpg
| image_caption =
| population = 11,747,400 (2011)<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://kcm.co.kr/bethany_eng/p_code2/747.html|title=Deccani population statistics, 2011}}</ref>
| popplace = [[India]] • [[Saudi Arabia]] • [[Pakistan]] • [[United Arab Emirates]] • [[United States of America]] • [[United Kingdom]] • [[Canada]] • [[Turkey]]
| languages = [[Deccani language|Deccani]]
| rels = [[File:Allah-green.svg|15px]] '''[[Islam]]''' '''Majority''' [[File:Star and Crescent.svg|15px|link=]] [[Sunni Islam]] '''Minority''' [[Shia]] (incl. [[Isma'ilism]] and [[Twelver Shi'ism]])
| related = • [[Hyderabadi Muslims]] • [[Muhajir (Urdu-speaking people)|Muhajir people]]
| native_name_lang =
}}
The '''Deccanis''' or '''Deccani people''' are an [[Indo-Aryans|Indo-Aryan]] ethno-religious community of [[Deccani language|Deccani-speaking]] [[Muslims]] who inhabit or are from the [[Deccan]] region of [[India]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Eaton |first=Richard M. |url=https://www.google.ca/books/edition/A_Social_History_of_the_Deccan_1300_1761/cGd2huLXEVYC?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=deccanis&pg=PA69&printsec=frontcover |title=A Social History of the Deccan, 1300-1761: Eight Indian Lives |date=2005-11-17 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-25484-7 |language=en}}</ref> The community traces its origins to the shifting of the [[Delhi Sultanate]]'s capital from [[Delhi]] to [[Daulatabad Fort|Daulatabad]] in 1327 during the reign of [[Muhammad bin Tughluq]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Aggarwal|first=Dr Malti Malik and Mala|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Z1FADAAAQBAJ&q=muhammad+bin+tughlaq+shifted+his+capital+from+delhi+to&pg=PA33|title=Social Science|publisher=New Saraswati House India Pvt Ltd|isbn=978-93-5199-083-3|language=en}}</ref> Further ancestry can also be traced from immigrant Muslims referred to as [[Afāqi|Afaqis]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Āfāqī {{!}} people {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/afaqi |access-date=2023-10-25 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref> also known as Pardesis who came from [[Central Asia]], [[Iraq]] and [[Iran]] and had settled in the Deccan region during the [[Bahmani Sultanate]] (1347). The migration of Muslim [[Hindustani language|Hindavi]]-speaking people to the Deccan and intermarriage with the local Hindus who converted to Islam,<ref>{{Cite book |last=Eaton |first=Richard Maxwell |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=j2F9BgAAQBAJ&dq=deccanis&pg=PA41 |title=The Sufis of Bijapur, 1300-1700: Social Roles of Sufis in Medieval India |date=2015-03-08 |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-1-4008-6815-5 |language=en}}</ref> led to the creation of a new community of [[Hindustani language|Hindustani]]-speaking Muslims, known as the Deccani, who would come to play an important role in the politics of the Deccan.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Burton|first=J.|date=February 1968|title=V. N. Misra and M. S. Mate Indian prehistory: 1964. (Deccan College Building Centenary and Silver Jubilee Series, No.32.) xxiii, 264 pp. Poona: Deccan college postgraduate and Research Institute, 1965. Rs.15.|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0041977x00113035|journal=Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies|volume=31|issue=1|pages=162–164|doi=10.1017/s0041977x00113035|s2cid=161064253 |issn=0041-977X|url-access=subscription}}</ref> Their language, Deccani, emerged as a language of linguistic prestige and culture during the Bahmani Sultanate, further evolving in the [[Deccan sultanates|Deccan Sultanates]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.britannica.com/place/Bahmani-sultanate|title=Bahmani sultanate {{!}} historical Muslim state, India|website=Encyclopædia Britannica|access-date=2016-03-18}}</ref>

Following the demise of the Bahmanis, the [[Deccan sultanates|Deccan Sultanate]] period marked a golden age for Deccani culture, notably in the [[Deccan painting|arts]], language, and [[Monuments and Forts of the Deccan Sultanates|architecture]].<ref name="metmuseum">{{cite web|url=http://www.metmuseum.org/press/exhibitions/2015/sultans-of-deccan-india|title=Sultans of Deccan India, 1500-1700 Opulence and Fantasy | The Metropolitan Museum of Art|publisher=metmuseum.org|access-date=2016-03-18}}</ref> The Deccani people form significant minorities in the [[Deccan]], including the [[Maharashtra|Maharashtran]] regions of [[Marathwada]] and [[Vidarbha]], and the states of [[Telangana]], [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[Karnataka]] (except [[Tulu Nadu]]) and northern [[Tamil Nadu]]. They form a majority in the old cities of Hyderabad and Aurangabad.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-09-02|title=Urdu is the 2nd most spoken language in 5 states|url=https://www.siasat.com/urdu-2nd-most-spoken-language-5-states-1604362/|access-date=2021-03-04|website=The Siasat Daily|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Eaton|first1=Richard Maxwell|title=Sufis of Bijapur, 1300 - 1700 : social roles of Sufis in medieval India|date=1996|publisher=Munshiram Manoharlal Publ.|location=New Delhi|isbn=978-8121507400|page=41|edition=2nd|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=j2F9BgAAQBAJ&q=arab+deccan&pg=PA56|access-date=11 May 2016}}</ref> After the [[Partition of India]] and the [[annexation of Hyderabad]], large diaspora communities formed outside the Deccan, especially in [[Pakistan]], where they make up a significant portion of the Urdu speaking minority, the [[Muhajir (Urdu-speaking people)|Muhajirs]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HQCvgavbQjgC|title=Locating Home: India's Hyderabadis Abroad|last=Leonard|first=Karen Isaksen|date=2007-01-01|publisher=Stanford University Press|isbn=9780804754422|language=en}}</ref>

The Deccani people are further divided into various groups that can broadly be lumped into three: the [[Hyderabadi Muslims|Hyderabadis]] (from [[Hyderabad State]]); Mysoris (from [[Mysore State|Mysore state]], including [[Bangalore]]), and Madrasis (from [[Madras State|Madras state]], including [[Kurnool]], [[Nellore]], [[Guntur]] and [[Chennai]]). Deccani is the [[First language|mother tongue]] of most Muslims in the states of Karnataka, Telangana and Andhra Pradesh, and it is spoken by a section of Muslims in Maharashtra, [[Goa]], [[Kerala]] and Tamil Nadu.

==History==
The word ''Deccani'' ({{langx|fa|دکنی}} from [[Shauraseni Prakrit|Prakrit]] ''dakkhin'' "south") was derived in the court of [[Bahmani Sultanate|Bahmani]] rulers in 1487 AD during [[Mahmood Shah Bahmani II|Sultan Mahmood Shah Bahmani II]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Prince;Poet;Lover;Builder: Mohd. Quli Qutb Shah - The founder of Hyderabad|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4B_iDQAAQBAJ|author=Narendra Luther|publisher=Publications Division Ministry of Information & Broadcasting|year=1991|isbn=9788123023151|access-date=13 January 2020}}</ref>

<gallery class="center" widths="200px" heights="150px">

File:Deccani Horseman.png|A medieval Deccani Muslim horseman
File:Bahamani-sultanate-map.svg|Map of the Bahmanid empire
</gallery>

The Bahmanid empire was founded by [[Ala-ud-Din Bahman Shah|Hasan Gangu]], or also known as Zafar Khan, a ruler of Afghan or Turk origin. following the [[Rebellion of Ismail Mukh]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Jenkins|first=Everett|title=The Muslim Diaspora (Volume 1, 570-1500): A Comprehensive Chronology of the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe and the Americas, Volume 1 |publisher=McFarland |year=2015 |isbn=9781476608884 |pages=257 |language=English|quote=Zafar Khan alias Alauddin Hasan Gangu ('Ala al-Din Hasan Bahman Shah), an Afghan or a Turk soldier, revolted against Delhi and established the Muslim Kingdom of Bahmani on August 3 in the South (Madura) and ruled as Sultan Alauddin Bahman Shah.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Kulke|first1=Hermann|title=A History of India |last2=Rothermund|first2=Dietmar|publisher=Psychology Press|year=2004|isbn=9780415329200 |pages=181 |language=English|quote=The Bahmani sultanate of the Deccan Soon after Muhammad Tughluq left Daulatabad, the city was conquered by Zafar Khan, a Turkish or Afghan officer of unknown descent, had earlier participated in a mutiny of troops in Gujarat.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Wink |first=André |title=The Making of the Indo-Islamic World C.700-1800 CE |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2020 |isbn=9781108417747 |pages=87 |language=English}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Kerr|first=Gordon|title=A Short History of India: From the Earliest Civilisations to Today's Economic Powerhouse |publisher=Oldcastle Books Ltd|year=2017|isbn=9781843449232|pages=160|language=English|quote=In the early fourteenth century, the Muslim Bahmani kingdom of the Deccan emerged following Alauddin's conquest of the south. Zafar Khan, an Afghan general and governor appointed by Sultan Muhammad bin Tughluq, was victorious against the troops of the Delhi Sultanate, establishing the Bahmani kingdom with its capital at Ahsanabad (modern-day Gulbarga).}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Scott |first=Jonathan |title=Ferishta's History of Dekkan from the first Mahummedan conquests: with a continuation from other native writers, of the events in that part of India, to the reduction of its last monarchs by the emperor Aulumgeer Aurungzebe: also, the reigns of his successors in the empire of Hindoostan to the present day: and the history of Bengal, from the accession of Aliverdee Khan to the year 1780 |publisher=hansebooks |year=2016 |isbn=9783743414709 |pages=15|quote=Some Authors write that he was descended from Bahman, one of the ancient kings of Persia. And I have seen a pedigree of him, fo derived (?), in the royal library of Ahmednagar: but am inclined to believe, such lineage was only framed upon his accession to royalty, by flatterers and poets, and that his origin is too obscure to be authentically traced. The apellation of Bahmani, he certainly took in compliment to Kango Brahmin, which is often pronounced Bhamen, and by tribe he was an Afghan.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Wink|first=Andre|title=Indo-Islamic society: 14th - 15th centuries |publisher=BRILL|year=1991|isbn=9781843449232|pages=144|language=English}}</ref> Hasan Gangu revolted against the [[Tughlaq dynasty]] of the [[Delhi Sultanate]], with the revolt being led by another Afghan, named Ismail Mukh.<ref name="Ahmed Farooqui 2011 150">{{Cite book |last=Ahmed Farooqui |first=Salma |title=Comprehensive History of Medieval India: From Twelfth to the Mid-Eighteenth Century |publisher=Pearson |year=2011 |isbn=9789332500983 |pages=150}}</ref> Ismail Mukh succeeded and then abdicated in favor of Zafar Khan, who founded the Bahmani Sultanate.<ref name="Ahmed Farooqui 2011 150"/><ref>{{cite book |title= Anecdotes from Islam |author= Ibrahim Khan |publisher= M. Ashraf |year= 1960 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=jaQGAQAAIAAJ&q=native+of+delhi }}</ref> Hasan Gangu was one of the inhabitants of Delhi who were forced to immigrate to Daulatabad in the during the Delhi Sultanate, with the purpose of building a large Muslim urban centre in the Deccan.<ref>{{cite book |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=O_WNqSH4ByQC |page= 34 |title=Mediaeval Deccan History: Commemoration Volume in Honour of Purshottam Mahadeo Joshi |date= 1996 |publisher= Popular Prakashan |author1=A. Rā Kulakarṇī |author2=M. A. Nayeem |author3=Teotonio R. De Souza |isbn= 9788171545797 }}</ref>

===Vijayanagara Wars===
[[File:Deccan-bands-tulwar-1.jpg|thumb|All Steel Deccani Sword, the Tulwar]]
The Bahmanids' aggressive confrontation with the two main Hindu kingdoms of the southern Deccan, Warangal and Vijayanagar, made them renowned among Muslims as warriors of the faith.<ref>{{cite book |title=The Art and Architecture of Islam 1250-1800|author= Sheila Blair, Sheila S. Blair, Jonathan M. Bloom |date= 25 September 1996 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-mhIgewDtNkC&dq=warangal+bahmanids&pg=PA156 |page=159| publisher=Yale University Press |isbn= 0300064659 }}</ref> Ahmad Shah Bahmani I conquered Warangal kingdom in 1425, annexing it to the empire. The Vijayanagar empire, which had subdued the Madurai Sultanate after a conflict lasting four decades, found a natural enemy in the Bahmanids of the northern Deccan, over the control of the Godavari-basin, Tungabadhra Doab, and the Marathwada country, although they seldom required a pretext for declaring war.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ro--tXw_hxMC&dq=warangal+bahmanids&pg=PA1072 |title=E.J. Brill's First Encyclopaedia of Islam |author= E. J. Brill |date=1993 |page=1072 |publisher=Brill |isbn=9789004097940 }}</ref> Military conflicts between the Bahmanids and Vijayanagara were almost a regular feature and lasted as long as these kingdoms continued. These military conflicts resulted in widespread devastation of the contested areas by both sides, resulting in considerable loss of life and property.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vKxiDwAAQBAJ&dq=warangal+bahmanids&pg=PA183|title= Medieval India UPSC Preparation Books History Series |publisher=Mocktime Publication |date=2011 }}</ref> Military slavery involved captured slaves from Vijayanagar and having them embrace a Deccani identity by converting them to Islam and integrating into the host society, so they could begin military careers within the Bahmanid empire. This was the origin of powerful political leaders such as Nizam-ul-Mulk Bahri.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cGd2huLXEVYC&dq=slaves+deccani&pg=PA126 |title=A Social History of the Deccan, 1300-1761: Eight Indian Lives, Part 1, Volume 8 |author=Richard M. Eaton |date=17 November 2005 |page=126 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=9780521254847 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UHoxEAAAQBAJ&dq=deccanis+bahri&pg=PA67 |title=Local States in an Imperial World |page=72 |author=Roy S. Fischel |date=2020 |isbn=9781474436090 }}</ref>

===Deccan Sultanates===
The five [[Deccan Sultanates]] of diverse origins continued to identify as successor states of the Bahmanid dynasty as the basis of legitimacy, and minted Bahmanid coins rather than issue their own coins.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gSaODwAAQBAJ&dq=deccani+political+identity+bahmani&pg=PA59 |title=The Architecture of a Deccan Sultanate |page=59 |author=Pushkar Sohoni |date=2018 |publisher=Bloomsbury |isbn=9781838609283 }}</ref> The [[Ahmadnagar Sultanate|Nizam Shahs]] and [[Berar Sultanate|Berar Shahs]] were founded by the heads of the Deccani Muslim party.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=W3tDAAAAYAAJ&q=nizam+mulk+bahri+dakhani |title=Ancient India and South Indian History & Culture |author=Sakkottai Krishnaswami Aiyangar |date=1951|page=81 |publisher=Oriental Book Agency }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YW5CAQAAMAAJ&q=Fathullah+Imad+-+ul+-+Mulk+,+Malik+Hasan+Nizam+-+ul+-+Mulk+,+and+his+son+,+Malik+Ahmad+,+Deccanis+%3B+and+Khudawand+... |title= Historic Landmarks of the Deccan |page=6 |author= Thomas Wolseley Haig · |date=101|publisher=Pioneer Press }}</ref> The [[Bijapur Sultanate|Adil Shahi]] Sultanate, which was founded by a Shia [[Georgians|Georgian slave]], also switched to a Deccani ethnic and political identity under [[Ibrahim Adil Shah I]], who established Sunnism (the religion of the Deccani Muslims).<ref>{{cite book|author1=Navina Najat Haidar|author2=Marika Sardar|title=Sultans of Deccan India, 1500–1700: Opulence and Fantasy|url=https://archive.org/details/sultansofdeccani1500haid|url-access=registration|date=13 Apr 2015|publisher=Metropolitan Museum of Art|isbn=9780300211108|page=[https://archive.org/details/sultansofdeccani1500haid/page/6 6]|edition=illustrated}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author1=Shanti Sadiq Ali|title=The African Dispersal in the Deccan: From Medieval to Modern Times|date=1 Jan 1996|publisher=Orient Blackswan|isbn=9788125004851|page=112}}</ref> He degraded the Afaqis ''(Persians)'' and dismissed them from their posts with a few exceptions, replacing them with nobles of the Deccani party.<ref>{{cite book|author1=Sanjay Subrahmanyam|title=Three Ways to be Alien: Travails and Encounters in the Early Modern World|date=2011|publisher=UPNE|isbn=9781611680195|page=36|edition=illustrated}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author1=Richard M. Eaton|title=A Social History of the Deccan, 1300-1761: Eight Indian Lives, Volume 1|date=17 Nov 2005|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=9780521254847|page=145|edition=illustrated}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author1=Radhey Shyam Chaurasia|title=History of Medieval India: From 1000 A.D. to 1707 A.D.|date=1 Jan 2002|publisher=Atlantic Publishers & Dist|isbn=9788126901234|page=101}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author1=Shihan de S. Jayasuriya|author2=Richard Pankhurst|title=The African Diaspora in the Indian Ocean|date=2003|publisher=Africa World Press|isbn=9780865439801|pages=196–7|edition=illustrated}}</ref> Uniting in a coalition under the leadership of Hussain Nizam Shah, the [[Ahmadnagar Sultanate|Nizam Shahi]] Sultan, the five Deccan Sultanates defeated the Hindu [[Vijayanagar empire]] in the [[Battle of Talikota]], resulting in the Sack of Vijayanagara. Hussain Nizam Shah personally beheaded the Vijayanagar Emperor, [[Aliya Rama Raya|Rama Raya]].<ref>Subrahmanyam, Sanjay (12 April 2012). "Courtly Insults". Courtly Encounters : Translating Courtliness and Violence in Early Modern Eurasia. Harvard University Press. pp. 34–102. doi:10.4159/harvard.9780674067363.c2. {{ISBN|978-0-674-06736-3}}.</ref>
<gallery class="center" widths="200px" heights="150px">
File:Malik-e-Maidan Bijapur.JPG|The Malik-i Maidan cannon
File:Battle of Talikota (detail).jpg|Sultan Hussain Nizam Shah I beheads Rama Raya
File:Ruins of Vijianuggur, porches in Hampi, Vijayanagara, 1868 photo.jpg|Ruins of Vijayanagar
</gallery>

===Pindaris===
The first mention of the [[Pindaris]] referred to Muslim mercenaries generally settled in the districts of Bijapur, who had served as mercenaries for the armies of most of the Muslim Deccani kingdoms. They took part in the numerous wars against the Mughals of Delhi. The disintegration of the Muslim kingdoms of the Deccan led to the gradual disbandment of the Pindaris. These were at that stage taken in the service of the [[Marathas]]. The inclusion of the Pindaris eventually became an indispensable part and parcel of the Maratha army. As a class of freebooters in Maratha armies they acted as a "sort of roving cavalry...rendering them much the same service as the Cossacks for the armies of Russia." The Pindaris would also later be used by kings such as [[Tipu Sultan]].<ref>{{cite book |url= https://archive.org/details/in.gov.ignca.53026/page/n21/mode/2up?q=pindari |title=Origin growth and suppression of the Pindaris
|author= Roy, M.P. |date= 1973 }}</ref>

===18th century===
Muslim military men with Deccani background were much sought after by the Marava and Kallar warrior chiefs of the south Indian hinterland. Their fortress towns soon acquired concentrations of migrant Deccanis and Urdu-speaking service people, mostly Sunnis. These incomers included seasoned fighters who had seen service with the Mughals and the Muslim states in northern India.<ref name="Keith E. Yandell Keith E. Yandell, John J. Paul 2013 200">{{cite book |author=Keith E. Yandell Keith E. Yandell, John J. Paul |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=v8UeAgAAQBAJ&dq=rohilla+urdu+speaking&pg=PA200 |title=Religion and Public Culture:Encounters and Identities in Modern South India |date=2013 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |isbn=9781136818011 |page=200}}</ref> This was the source of the phenomenal rise of rulers such as [[Hyder Ali]] and [[Tipu Sultan]].

====''Sultanat-i-Khudadad'' of Mysore====
Hyder Ali had initially served as an ordinary soldier for the Hindu [[Wadiyar dynasty|Wadiyar]] [[Kingdom of Mysore]] and became a cavalry officer in 1749. Once he took control of the army, he took advantage of court politics, stormed into [[Srirangapatna]], and [[Coup d'état|proclaimed himself ruler]]. Having styled himself as ''sultan'' in 1761, Hyder Ali launched [[Maratha–Mysore wars|a preemptive war]] against the [[Maratha Confederacy|Marathas]], westernizing the army of Mysore in the process and developing the [[Mysorean rockets|first successful iron-cased rockets]] as an artillery weapon. With the withdrawal of [[Madhavrao I|Madhav Rao]], he overran the borderlands between the kingdoms and seized land and immense booty, increasing his power.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=d1wUgKKzawoC&dq=hyder+ali+mysore+court&pg=PA456 |title=Advanced Study in the History of Modern India 1707-1813 |page=457 |author=Jaswant Lal Mehta |date=2005 |publisher=Sterling Publishers Pvt. |isbn=9781932705546 }}</ref> Ultimately, this brought him into conflict with the [[East India Company]], between whom [[Anglo-Mysore Wars|a series of wars]] would begin. His son and successor Tipu Sultan would inherit both conflicts. He saw [[Siege of Bahadur Benda|victory against the Marathas]] and allied with the [[French Indies Company|French]] in order to fight the British and their allies. Eventually, after existing for 38 years, the Deccani Muslim ''Sultanat-e-Khudadad'' ({{Translation|God-gifted kingdom}}) would be defeated by an alliance of the British, [[Hyderabad State|Hyderabad]] and the Marathas, and the Wadiyars were reinstated on the Mysori throne.<gallery class="center" widths="200px" heights="150px">
File:Joppen1907MysoreChickDeoWadiyar1704.jpg|Territories of the original Wadeyar kingdom
File:Hyder's Dominions in 1780.jpg|Hyder's Dominions in 1780
File:Waverley novels (1900) (14761659876).jpg|Hyder Ali as 'The Pretended Fakir'
File:General Sir David Baird Discovering the Body of Sultan Tippoo Sahib.jpg |Sir David Baird Discovering Body of Tipu Sultan
</gallery>

==Culture==
===Painting===
[[File:Hunting party deccan.jpg|thumb|Hunting party, Deccan, 1st half of 17th century]]
[[Indian painting#Malwa, Deccan and Jaunpur schools of painting|Deccani style painting]] originated in the 16th century in the Deccan region, containing an insightful native style with the blend of Persianate techniques and is similar to neighbouring Vijayanagara paintings. Due to Islamic influence, Deccani paintings are mostly of nature and inspired by local [[floral]] and [[fauna]]. Some Deccani paintings present the historical events of the region.<ref name="BE">{{citation|title=Deccani painting|publisher=britannica.com|date=10 April 2012}}</ref><ref name="Mark_Zebrowski">{{cite book|title=Deccani Painting|publisher=[[University of California Press]]|pages=40–285|year=1983|isbn=0-85667-153-3| author=Mark Zebrowski}}</ref>

===Handicraft===
[[File:Bidriware Hookah.jpg|thumb|Bidriware Hookah]]

The craftspersons of Bidar were so famed for their inlay work on copper and silver that it came to be known as [[Bidriware|Bidri]].<ref name="TOI">{{cite news| title=Proving their mettle in metal craft| url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/Proving-their-mettle-in-metal-craft/articleshow/11332582.cms| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130508043800/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-01-02/hyderabad/30580986_1_bidriware-hyderabad-bidar| url-status=live| archive-date=8 May 2013| date=2 January 2012| work=[[The Times of India]]| access-date=2 January 2012}}</ref> It was developed in the 14th century C.E. during the rule of the [[Bahmani Sultanate|Bahmani Sultans]].<ref name="TOI"/> The term "bidriware" originates from the township of Bidar, which is still the chief center of production.<ref name="art">{{cite news|title=Karnataka tableau to feature Bidriware|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-karnataka/karnataka-tableau-to-feature-bidriware/article1079557.ece|access-date=6 March 2015|work=The Hindu|date=11 January 2011}}</ref> Bidriware is a [[Geographical Indication Registry (India)|Geographical Indication]] (GI) awarded craft of India.<ref name="TOI"/>

{{clear}}

== See also ==
*[[South Asian ethnic groups]]
*[[Deccani language|Dakhini]]
*[[Deccan Sultanates]]
*[[Hyderabadi Muslims]]
*[[Andhra Muslims]]

==Further reading==
*[https://www.jstor.org/stable/42930498?read-now=1&refreqid=excelsior%3A4d3399e813fe25bb6d2bf75052ff5a77&seq=10#page_scan_tab_contents Urban Culture of Medieval Deccan (1300 A.D. TO 1650 A.D.)]
*[https://www.jstor.org/stable/42930820?read-now=1&refreqid=excelsior%3A64c0dabb15b84e8cd023730ef1f04f34#metadata_info_tab_contents Bulletin of the Deccan College Post-Graduate and Research Institute, Volume 22 (1963)]
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2017}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Hyderabadi Muslims|*]]
[[Category:Muslim communities of India|*]]
[[Category:Muhajir communities]]
[[Category:Social groups of Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Deccan sultanates]]
[[Category:Deccan Plateau]]
[[Category:Ethnoreligious groups in Asia]]

Kamalini Dutt

2026-01-12T04:23:46Z

Filmeekeeda: Put up some biography w/ infobox - done

{{Short description|Indian Producer and Kathak Dancer}}

'''Kamalini Nagarajan Dutt'''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.asianage.com/life/more-features/250319/anticipating-a-rare-treat-for-rasikas-rangontaratma.html|title=Anticipating a rare treat for rasikas: Rango'ntaratma|first=Sharon|last=Lowen|date=March 25, 2019|website=The Asian Age}}</ref> was an Indian producer and [[Bharatnatyam]] dancer.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://ignca.gov.in/events/dance-through-the-lens-eye-by-ms-kamalini-dutt/ | title=Dance Through the Lens-Eye by Ms. Kamalini Dutt. | IGNCA }}</ref> She worked mostly for [[Doordarshan]] and was the major reason behind the restoration of old and decaying database (''performances and Interviews of different Notable Artistes'').<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://scroll.in/magazine/1018502/if-not-for-kamalini-dutt-doordarshan-would-have-lost-some-of-its-most-valuable-treasures-for-good|title=If not for Kamalini Dutt, Doordarshan would have lost some of its most valuable treasures for good|first=Malini|last=Nair|website=Scroll.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/dance/a-bend-in-the-path/article25849128.ece|title=Kathak dancers want to know more about their style: Kamalini Dutt|first=Anjana|last=Rajan|newspaper=The Hindu |date=December 28, 2018|via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://creativeyatra.com/tag/kamalini-dutt/|title=Kamalini Dutt Archives}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.casemine.com/judgement/in/5afc869d4a9326672a89f861|title=Kamalini Nagrajan Dutt v. Union Of India, Central Administrative Tribunal, Judgment, Law, casemine.com|website=www.casemine.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://narthaki.com/info/bn/bn9.html | title=Base Notes - Doordarshan Archives, a national treasure, is rolling! - Shanta Serbjeet Singh }}</ref>

She died on 27 April 2025. She is survived by her daughter and disciple, Purvadhanashree.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Instagram |url=https://www.instagram.com/p/DI724_yBEzC/ |access-date=2025-04-27 |website=www.instagram.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Classical |first=Claps |date=28 April 2025 |title=Kamalini Nagarajan Dutt: A Visionary Guardian of India's Classical Arts - ClassicalClaps |url=https://classicalclaps.com/kamalini-nagarajan-dutt-a-visionary-guardian-of-indias-classical-arts/2025/04/ |access-date=2025-05-05 |website=ClassicalClaps.com}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Dutt, Kamalini}}
[[Category:21st-century Indian dancers]]
[[Category:Kathakali dancers]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing]]
[[Category:2025 deaths]]

Mahila Paksh

2025-12-13T04:58:19Z

Filmeekeeda: added new article - done

{{Short description|Newspaper in India}}
{{Orphan|date=October 2025}}

{{Infobox newspaper
| name = Mahila Paksh
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| owner = Shrivastava family
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| chief_editor = Samnvy Kumar
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| custom_label = Membership fee
| custom_data = Two dollars and fifty cents per year
| founded = 
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| language = Hindi
| ceased_publication =
| relaunched =
| headquarters = Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India
| publishing_city = Gwalior
| publishing_country = India
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'''''Mahila Paksh''''' is an Indian women's [[newspaper]] published in [[Gwalior]], [[Madhya Pradesh]], in [[Hindi]]. It covers issues and subjects ranging from atrocities committed against women to following their successes in different fields. It is published by the Shrivastava family. The paper operates through the creation of members, which it does through signing up people at a fee of two dollars and fifty cents per year.

The paper's quoted mission, as expressed by Samnvy Kumar, the chief editor of the newspaper: "Our main purpose is to create awareness in the women not about the social issues but awareness for the self. They don't understand themselves and realise their potential. We want them to recognise their potential, caliber and capability. They can take their own independent decisions."<ref name="newswatch7949">{{cite web|url=http://www.newswatch.in/old/newsblog/7949 |title=India's first women-centric newspaper | Newswatch |publisher=Newswatch.in |date= |accessdate=2014-05-04}}</ref>

The newspaper has women filing stories across India- but includes many stories that are compiled by poor and illiterate women who are relatively disenfranchised and generally prevented from speaking out about their perceptions or situations. The stories are published with the help of editors who write them down and who train the women in reportage.

Kanta Tomar, the State Commissioner on women's issues, also has only good things to say about the paper: "Mahila Paksh is a unique newspaper of Madhya Pradesh to bring forward various problems of women. Through the initiatives of this paper, we have got lot of help to carry out various activities in the region. The paper is doing a wonderful job in this male dominated society."<ref name="newswatch7949" />

==Sources==
{{reflist}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20071011063345/http://www.newswatch.in/news-analyses/media-and-issues/2490.html India's First Women-centric paper. Asia News International, 2007.]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080204170058/http://www.womensenews.org/article.cfm?aid=3331 Klein, Lauren D. September 30, 2007. India Paper Taps Marginalized Women as Reporters. ]
* Khullar, Mridu and Bob Garfield. May 4, 2007. Writing for Their Rights. On the Media: [[National Public Radio]].

[[Category:Newspapers published in India]]
[[Category:Feminism in India]]
[[Category:Publications with year of establishment missing]]
[[Category:Mass media in Maharashtra]]

The Quint

2025-11-24T12:10:33Z

Filmeekeeda: add structure and updated info

{{short description|English and Hindi language Indian news website}}
{{pp|reason=Persistent addition of [[WP:INTREF|unsourced or poorly sourced content]]|small=yes}}
{{DISPLAYTITLE:''The Quint''}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2018}}{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2018}}{{italic title}}
{{Infobox website
| name = ''The Quint''
| logo = The Quint logo with purple background.svg
| type = News
| language = English & Hindi
| owner = Quint Digital Limited<ref name="Quint Digital" /> (formerly known as Quint Digital Media Limited)<ref name=":3" /><ref>[https://www.bseindia.com/stock-share-price/quint-digital-ltd/quint/539515/corp-announcements/ Quint Digital Ltd.], BSE.</ref>
|key_people = Raghav Bahl; Ritu Kapur
| CEO = [[Ritu Kapur]]<ref name=":92">{{Cite web|title=Raghav Bahl and Ritu Kapur's The Quint turns 4|url=https://www.exchange4media.com/media-others-news/raghav-bahl-and-ritu-kapurs-the-quint-turns-4-95499.html|date=20 March 2019|website=exchange4media|language=en|access-date=20 May 2020|archive-date=22 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200722100204/https://www.exchange4media.com/media-others-news/raghav-bahl-and-ritu-kapurs-the-quint-turns-4-95499.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
| employees = 155 {{small|(as of March 2023)}}<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Quint sends 45 staffers on indefinite leave without pay, ToI lays off 3 from Sunday magazine|url=https://www.newslaundry.com/2020/04/13/the-quint-sends-45-staffers-on-indefinite-leave-without-pay-toi-lays-off-3-from-sunday-magazine|last=Tiwari|first=Ayush|date=13 April 2020|website=[[Newslaundry]]|language=en|access-date=20 May 2020|archive-date=29 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129075851/https://www.newslaundry.com/2020/04/13/the-quint-sends-45-staffers-on-indefinite-leave-without-pay-toi-lays-off-3-from-sunday-magazine|url-status=live}}</ref>
| website = {{URL|https://www.thequint.com}} {{URL|https://www.quintdigitalmedia.com}}
| launch_date = 2015
}}'''''The Quint''''' is an English and [[Hindi]] language Indian general news and opinion website founded by [[Raghav Bahl]] and [[Ritu Kapur]] after their exit from [[Network18]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=How We Are Funded|url=https://www.thequint.com/about-us/how-we-are-funded|website=The Quint|language=en|access-date=2019-05-14|archive-date=14 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190514152407/https://www.thequint.com/about-us/how-we-are-funded|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> The publication's journalists have won three [[Ramnath Goenka Excellence in Journalism Awards]] and two Red Ink Awards.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" />

== History ==
In May 2014, [[Raghav Bahl]] and [[Ritu Kapur]], the promoters of [[Network18]] ended their shareholding of the media conglomerate with the takeover by [[Reliance Industries]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Raghav Bahl exits Network18|url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/companies/Raghav-Bahl-exits-Network18/article20786685.ece|last=Chatterjee|first=Purvita|date=30 May 2014|website=[[Business Line]]|language=en|access-date=20 May 2020|archive-date=12 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112015505/https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/companies/Raghav-Bahl-exits-Network18/article20786685.ece|url-status=live}}</ref> Following the controversial exit, they founded the [[digital media]] company, Quintillion Media. The company was the first major investor in the tech startup Quintype founded by [[Amit Rathore]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|last=Datta|first=Kanika|date=2014-12-17|title=For Bahl, it's 18 all over again|work=[[Business Standard India]]|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/for-bahl-it-s-18-all-over-again-114121700898_1.html|access-date=20 May 2020|archive-date=26 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160826114353/http://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/for-bahl-it-s-18-all-over-again-114121700898_1.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Quintillion Media launched ''The Quint'' publication in January 2015 on [[Facebook]] and as a website by March 2015.<ref name=":722">{{Cite web|title=The Quint|url=http://india.mom-rsf.org/en/media/detail/outlet/the-quint/|website=Media Ownership Monitor|publisher=[[Reporters without Borders]]|language=en|access-date=30 May 2020|archive-date=9 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200609161056/http://india.mom-rsf.org/en/media/detail/outlet/the-quint/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":822">{{Cite web|title=Inside The Quint: The Indian media start-up getting news to younger audiences on mobile {{!}} Media news|url=https://www.journalism.co.uk/news/inside-the-quint-the-indian-media-start-up-getting-news-to-younger-audiences-on-mobile-and-social-media/s2/a659535/|date=2016-07-27|website=www.journalism.co.uk|access-date=2019-05-14|archive-date=14 September 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160914172122/https://www.journalism.co.uk/news/inside-the-quint-the-indian-media-start-up-getting-news-to-younger-audiences-on-mobile-and-social-media/s2/a659535/|url-status=live}}</ref> Quintype took over the digital technology operations of the publication.<ref name=":822" /> By December 2016, ''The Quint'' website had crossed the mark of 10 million unique visitors.<ref>{{Cite web|title=As Arnab Goswami, Raghav Bahl and Barkha Dutt set up their own ventures, here's how they intend to disrupt yet again|url=https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/arnab-goswami-raghav-bahl-to-barkha-dutt-set-up-own-ventures-heres-how-they-intend-to-disrupt-yet-again/569190/|last=Mathur|first=Chandi|date=2017-02-28|website=[[The Financial Express (India)|The Financial Express]]|language=en-US|access-date=20 May 2020|archive-date=29 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129024609/https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/arnab-goswami-raghav-bahl-to-barkha-dutt-set-up-own-ventures-heres-how-they-intend-to-disrupt-yet-again/569190/|url-status=live}}</ref>

In February 2017, ''The Quint'' launched two online content verticals ''Quint Neon'', a lifestyle news section and QuintLabs, a [[multimedia]] exposition platform.<ref name=":5" /> In the same year, it also launched the fact checking initiative ''WebQoof'' and partnered with [[BBC News]] for the production of a video series to combat [[disinformation]].<ref name=":422">{{Cite web |date=1 February 2019 |title=The Quint's WebQoof becomes verified signatory of Poynter Institute 'Code of Principles' |url=https://www.exchange4media.com/media-others-news/the-qunits-webqoof-becomes-verified-signatory-of-poynter-institute-code-of-principles-94384.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200918074751/https://www.exchange4media.com/media-others-news/the-qunits-webqoof-becomes-verified-signatory-of-poynter-institute-code-of-principles-94384.html |archive-date=18 September 2020 |access-date=20 May 2020 |website=exchange4media |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":5" /> In September 2018, [[Google|Google India]] entered into a partnership with ''The Quint'', to host the "Bol: Love Your Bhasha" event featuring [[panel discussion]]s on media readership and business strategy with the objective of laying emphasis on the potential of [[Languages of India|Indian languages]].<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":8">{{Cite news|date=14 September 2018|title=Quint Hindi and Google India present 'Bol: Love Your Bhasha'|work=exchange4media|url=https://www.exchange4media.com/industry-briefing-news/quint-hindi-and-google-india-present-'bollove-your-bhasha'-92083.html|access-date=30 June 2020|archive-date=30 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200630202211/https://www.exchange4media.com/industry-briefing-news/quint-hindi-and-google-india-present-'bollove-your-bhasha'-92083.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The event was attended by Anant Goenka, the executive director of the [[Indian Express Group]], Arvind Pani, the co-founder and CEO of Reverie Language Technologies and the [[Minister of Road Transport and Highways]], [[Nitin Gadkari]], among others.<ref name=":8" />

The offices of ''The Quint'' and Raghav Bahl's residence were raided by the [[Income Tax Department]] of India in October 2018 in connection to an alleged case of tax evasion, the raid was termed as a survey by the Income Tax officers.<ref name=":322">{{Cite web|title=Tax raids on Quint founder Raghav Bahl's Noida home, office|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/media-baron-raghav-bahl-s-premises-raided-by-i-t-dept-over-alleged-tax-evasion/story-dZe2igWwqdTss8AIFOEtUO.html|date=2018-10-11|website=Hindustan Times|language=en|access-date=2019-05-14|archive-date=14 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190514152405/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/media-baron-raghav-bahl-s-premises-raided-by-i-t-dept-over-alleged-tax-evasion/story-dZe2igWwqdTss8AIFOEtUO.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=IT Raids: Attack on press or a case of money laundering?|url=https://www.newslaundry.com/2018/10/12/it-raids-attack-on-press-money-laundering-quint-raghav-bahl|last=Newslaundry|website=Newslaundry|language=en-UK|access-date=2019-11-15|archive-date=15 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191115131403/https://www.newslaundry.com/2018/10/12/it-raids-attack-on-press-money-laundering-quint-raghav-bahl|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2018-10-11|title=IT dept searches premises of Quint founder Raghav Bahl|work=The Economic Times|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/it-dept-searches-premises-of-media-baron-raghav-bahl/articleshow/66159397.cms|access-date=2019-05-14|archive-date=4 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211104123356/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/it-dept-searches-premises-of-media-baron-raghav-bahl/articleshow/66159397.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> Raghav Bahl released a statement which termed the raid as an attack on journalistic freedom while appealing to the autonomous [[Editors Guild of India]] to back ''The Quint'' such that a precedent is set against repetition of a similar exercise on any journalistic entity.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Raghav Bahl under I-T scanner: Income Tax department raids premises of Quint, Network18 Group founder|url=https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/raghav-bahl-income-tax-raid-i-t-scanner-premises-quint-network18-group-founder-delhi-noida/1345056/|date=2018-10-11|website=[[The Financial Express (India)|The Financial Express]]|language=en-US|access-date=20 May 2020|archive-date=29 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129020715/https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/raghav-bahl-income-tax-raid-i-t-scanner-premises-quint-network18-group-founder-delhi-noida/1345056/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title='Tax department searches were an attempt at a frame-up,' says The Quint's founder Raghav Bahl|url=https://scroll.in/latest/898041/tax-department-searches-were-an-attempt-at-a-frame-up-says-the-quints-founder-raghav-bahl|author=Scroll Staff|website=Scroll.in|language=en-US|access-date=2019-05-14|archive-date=14 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190514152914/https://scroll.in/latest/898041/tax-department-searches-were-an-attempt-at-a-frame-up-says-the-quints-founder-raghav-bahl|url-status=live}}</ref> The Editors Guild of India raised concerns that while the department was within its rights to carry out inquiries, the conduct of such exercises should not be akin to [[intimidation]] tactics.<ref>{{Cite web|date=24 October 2018|title=In India, tax officials raid offices, home of Quint editor-in-chief and Modi critic|url=https://cpj.org/2018/10/in-india-tax-officials-raid-offices-home-of-quint-.php|website=[[Committee to Protect Journalists]]|language=en|access-date=20 May 2020|archive-date=11 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190411202518/https://cpj.org/2018/10/in-india-tax-officials-raid-offices-home-of-quint-.php|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|agency=[[Press Trust of India|PTI]]|date=2018-10-11|title=I-T raids on Raghav Bahl's premises: motivated searches will undermine media freedom, says Editors Guild|language=en-IN|work=[[The Hindu]]|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/i-t-raids-on-raghav-bahls-premises-motivated-searches-will-undermine-media-freedom-says-editors-guild/article25192181.ece|issn=0971-751X|access-date=20 May 2020|archive-date=9 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109030942/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/i-t-raids-on-raghav-bahls-premises-motivated-searches-will-undermine-media-freedom-says-editors-guild/article25192181.ece|url-status=live}}</ref>

In January 2019, ''The Quint'' introduced [[subscriptions]] for advertisement free delivery of its content and in July, it also introduced a premium membership initiative for access to [[webinar]]s for members.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web|last1=Posetti|first1=Julie|last2=Simon|first2=Felix|last3=Shabbir|first3=Nabeelah|date=October 2019|title=What if Scale Breaks Community? Rebooting Audience Engagement, When Journalism is Under Fire|url=https://reutersinstitute.politics.ox.ac.uk/sites/default/files/2019-10/Posetti_What_if_scale_breaks_community_FINAL.pdf|publisher=[[Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism]]|access-date=29 June 2020|archive-date=6 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106115017/https://reutersinstitute.politics.ox.ac.uk/sites/default/files/2019-10/Posetti_What_if_scale_breaks_community_FINAL.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Raghav Bahl completed his investment in the news publisher over the course of the years, amounting to $21.5 million from the capital gained following the sale of Network18.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Bhattacharyya|first=Anushree|date=18 June 2019|title=Raghav Bahl invests $7.2 million in The Quint|url=https://brandequity.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/media/raghav-bahl-invests-7-2-million-in-the-quint/69844213|website=[[The Economic Times]]|language=en|access-date=2 July 2020|archive-date=3 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200703021515/https://brandequity.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/media/raghav-bahl-invests-7-2-million-in-the-quint/69844213|url-status=live}}</ref>

In May 2020, ''The Quint'' was acquired by Gaurav Mercantiles through which it was listed on the [[Bombay Stock Exchange]]. The acquisition involved all assets of Quintillion Media excluding [[BloombergQuint]].<ref name=":3">{{cite news |last1=Mampatta |first1=Sachin P. |title=Quint gets listed via little-known trading firm promoted by Raghav Bahl |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/markets/quint-gets-listed-via-little-known-trading-firm-controlled-by-raghav-bahl-120050800058_1.html |access-date=4 June 2020 |work=Business Standard India |date=8 May 2020 |archive-date=1 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200601011702/https://www.business-standard.com/article/markets/quint-gets-listed-via-little-known-trading-firm-controlled-by-raghav-bahl-120050800058_1.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The transaction of Quintillion Media's assets to Gaurav Mercantiles was made on a related party basis due to the Bahl and Kapur's stake in both the companies and increased the [[borrowing base]] of Gaurav Mercantiles in accordance with the [[Companies Act 2013]].<ref name=":6">{{Cite web|date=2020-05-07|title=Raghav Bahl transfers Quint's operations under Gaurav Mercantile; also owned by him|url=https://www.financialexpress.com/brandwagon/raghav-bahl-transfers-quints-operations-under-gaurav-mercantile-also-owned-by-him/1950862/|website=[[The Financial Express (India)|The Financial Express]]|language=en-US|access-date=29 June 2020|archive-date=29 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200629230404/https://www.financialexpress.com/brandwagon/raghav-bahl-transfers-quints-operations-under-gaurav-mercantile-also-owned-by-him/1950862/|url-status=live}}</ref> Gaurav Mercantiles was earlier a [[ship breaking]] and trading firm which had not made any revenue since March 2018; ergo it entered into a [[debt-for-equity swap]] agreement in which Bahl and Kapur collectively acquired 66.42% of the company's stakes while [[Haldiram Snacks Pvt Ltd]] and the investment bank Elara Capital acquired 17-18% and 10% stake respectively.<ref>{{cite news|date=7 May 2020|title=Raghav Bahl promoted Gaurav Mercantile acquires The Quint|work=Outlook|agency=IANS|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/raghav-bahl-promoted-gaurav-mercantile-acquires-the-quint/1826299|access-date=4 June 2020|archive-date=4 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200604162208/https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/raghav-bahl-promoted-gaurav-mercantile-acquires-the-quint/1826299|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":4" /><ref>{{Cite web|last1=Kapur|first1=Narinder|last2=Doshi|first2=Ankit|date=2020-05-06|title=How is Quint valued as Haldiram's owners-backed firm set to buy the news portal?|url=https://www.vccircle.com/how-is-quint-valued-as-haldiram-s-owners-backed-firm-set-to-buy-the-news-portal|website=[[VCCircle]]|language=en-US|access-date=2 July 2020|archive-date=3 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200703165719/https://www.vccircle.com/how-is-quint-valued-as-haldiram-s-owners-backed-firm-set-to-buy-the-news-portal|url-status=live}}</ref> Mohan Lal Jain, the former chairman of Gaurav Mercantiles retained 4.99% stake in the company.<ref name=":3" /> In September 2020, Gaurav Mercantiles was renamed to Quint Digital Media Limited.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web|last=Joseph|first=Anto T.|date=7 May 2020|title=What is Raghav Bahl's game plan with the Quint's unusual sale and purchase?|url=https://www.newslaundry.com/2020/05/07/what-is-raghav-bahls-game-plan-with-the-quints-unusual-sale-and-purchase|website=Newslaundry|language=en|access-date=29 June 2020|archive-date=29 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200629052844/https://www.newslaundry.com/2020/05/07/what-is-raghav-bahls-game-plan-with-the-quints-unusual-sale-and-purchase|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Quint Digital">{{cite web|access-date=2020-09-30|title=Change in Name of the Company.|url=https://www.bseindia.com/markets/MarketInfo/DispNewNoticesCirculars.aspx?page=20200929-52|website=[[Bombay Stock Exchange]]|date=29 September 2020|archive-date=28 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201128202800/https://www.bseindia.com/markets/MarketInfo/DispNewNoticesCirculars.aspx?page=20200929-52|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Content ==
In terms of editorial content, ''The Quint'' is focused on educational and explanatory journalism. The primary mode of presentation is through [[newsletters]], [[multimedia]], [[documentary series]], [[Live broadcast|live video broadcasts]], [[graphic journalism]] and [[podcasts]].<ref name=":5" /> The site has published a range of influential stories on topics concerning [[sexual harassment]], [[freedom of speech]] and [[Hindutva|Hindu nationalism]].<ref name=":42">{{Cite web|last1=Sen|first1=Arijit|last2=Nielsen|first2=Rasmus Kleis|author-link2=Rasmus Kleis Nielsen|date=May 2016|title=Digital Journalism Start-Ups in India|url=https://reutersinstitute.politics.ox.ac.uk/sites/default/files/2017-04/Digital%20Journalism%20Start-ups%20in%20India_0.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180806093856/https://reutersinstitute.politics.ox.ac.uk/sites/default/files/2017-04/Digital%20Journalism%20Start-ups%20in%20India_0.pdf|archive-date=6 August 2018|website=[[Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism]]}}</ref> According to [[Reporters Without Borders]], the site differs from other traditional news outlets in its interpretations of news with dedicated sections such as Documentaries and Explainers.<ref name=":722" /> The portal operates ''QuintLab'' which is described as an "innovation wing" of the publication and features an interface of various multimedia storytelling formats.<ref name=":5" /> The co-founder and CEO of ''The Quint'', [[Ritu Kapur]] states that the publication's experimentation is concerted more towards the form and style of presentation that can be developed in a [[digital environment]] rather than the professional craft of journalism itself.<ref name=":42" />

In order to combat [[disinformation]], the publication also operates ''WebQoof'', a fact-checking initiative certified by the [[International Fact-Checking Network]].<ref name=":422" /> The fact-checking unit runs as a [[public service]] and encourages user submissions of claims for verification. Through [[audience participation]], it gains access to hundreds of unverified claims and uses resource intensive techniques of employing journalists to fact-check claims and debunk hoaxes.<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":9">{{Cite web|last=Flueckiger|first=Simone|date=2018-06-29|title=How The Quint is tackling misinformation in India|url=https://blog.wan-ifra.org/2018/06/29/how-the-quint-is-tackling-misinformation-in-india|website=[[WAN-IFRA]]|access-date=1 July 2020|archive-date=15 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200815053630/https://blog.wan-ifra.org/2018/06/29/how-the-quint-is-tackling-misinformation-in-india|url-status=live}}</ref> ''The Quint'' is in particular involved in combating disinformation on the messenger app [[WhatsApp]] which has been noted to have become a difficult-to-penetrate viral distribution network afflicted by disinformation in India.<ref name=":52">{{Cite web|last=Posetti|first=Julie|date=November 2019|title=Time to step away from the 'bright, shiny things'? Towards a sustainable model of journalism innovation in an era of perpetual change|url=https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:ea046265-9e51-4aa7-af82-105610f3653f/download_file?file_format=pdf&safe_filename=Posetti%2B-%2BTowards%2Ba%2BSustainable%2Bmodel%2Bof%2BJournalism%2BFINAL.pdf&type_of_work=Report|publisher=[[Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism]]|access-date=2 July 2020|archive-date=2 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200702231410/https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:ea046265-9e51-4aa7-af82-105610f3653f/download_file?file_format=pdf&safe_filename=Posetti%2B-%2BTowards%2Ba%2BSustainable%2Bmodel%2Bof%2BJournalism%2BFINAL.pdf&type_of_work=Report|url-status=live}}</ref> According to [[Ritu Kapur]], the co-founder of the publication, the ''WebQoof'' initiative has a reassuringly high consumption which goes against the presumptions of a [[post-truth]] world.<ref name=":9" /> The publication had also entered into a partnership with [[BBC News]] for the co-production of an educational video series "Swacch Digital India" to highlight the importance of fact-checking to its viewers.<ref name=":5" />

The portal has also been noted for its [[advocacy journalism]] on [[gender]] related issues.<ref name=":5" /> In 2018, the "Talking [[Stalking]]" project on ''QuintLab'' was awarded gold in the "Best Innovation to Engage Youth Audiences" category by the [[World Association of Newspapers and News Publishers]].<ref name=":7">{{Cite journal|date=November 2018|title=RIND Survey|url=https://www.pressinstitute.in/file-folder/rindsurvey/RS%20Nov%202018.pdf|journal=Research Institute for Newspaper Development|publisher=[[Press Institute of India]]|volume=39|issue=11|pages=14–15|access-date=29 June 2020|archive-date=30 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200630211306/https://www.pressinstitute.in/file-folder/rindsurvey/RS%20Nov%202018.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> The project was the first gender themed editorial initiative launched by the publication.<ref name=":5" /> Later, with funding from [[Facebook Inc]], it launched "Me, The Change" editorial campaign focusing on stories of notable women alongside live events to encourage young women to become first time voters and elicit changes in legislation.<ref>{{Cite web|date=17 November 2018|title=The Quint Launches the 'Me, the Change' Initiative|url=https://www.adgully.com/the-quint-launches-the--me-the-change-initiative-81737.html|website=adgully|language=en-US|access-date=30 June 2020|archive-date=3 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200703123201/https://www.adgully.com/the-quint-launches-the--me-the-change-initiative-81737.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":5" /> As a result of the campaign, the [[Delhi Legislative Assembly]] passed a resolution in support of drafting a bill for making stalking, a non-bailable offence; the publication had previously held a feature event at [[Oxford Bookstore]], [[New Delhi]] to raise support for the Stalking Bill.<ref name=":5" /> In 2019, the "Me, The Change" campaign received the Digipub World Award for "Best Brand Partnership".<ref>{{Cite web|date=31 August 2019|title=The Quint Bags 12 Awards at Digipub World Awards 2019|url=https://www.thequint.com/news/india/the-quint-wins-big-at-digi-pub-world-awards-2019|website=The Quint|access-date=30 June 2020|archive-date=3 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200703102812/https://www.thequint.com/news/india/the-quint-wins-big-at-digi-pub-world-awards-2019|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":5" />

The news publication operates through three [[Web portal|digital platforms]];<ref name=":6" /> the [[English language]] edition ''The Quint'', the [[Hindi language]] edition ''The Quint Hindi'' and the healthcare news microsite called ''FIT''.<ref name=":3" /> According to [[Raghav Bahl]], co-founder of ''The Quint'', the site's distinctive feature is its broad spectrum of coverage which "includes [[policy]], politics, sports, business, food, entertainment and everything else" extending beyond the "narrow focus" of other news outlets.<ref name=":42" /> It has also been described by [[Reporters Without Borders]] as the first mobile based news service;<ref name=":722" /> the content of ''The Quint'' is primarily emphasized towards distribution through social media and mobile devices.<ref name=":42" /> Since December 2015, the publication has also been in a collaboration with [[Facebook, Inc.]] on its [[Instant Articles]] project and has presence on the social media platforms of [[Facebook]], [[Twitter]], [[Instagram]] and [[YouTube]].<ref name=":42" /><ref name=":5" />

== Reception ==
A story published in the ''[[Columbia Journalism Review]]'' in late 2016 identified ''The Quint'' as one of several independent and recently founded internet-based media platforms – a group that also included ''[[Newslaundry]]'', ''[[Scroll.in]]'', ''[[The News Minute]]'', [[The Wire (India)|''The Wire'']] and [[ScoopWhoop]] – that were attempting to challenge the dominance of India's traditional print and television news companies and their online offshoots.<ref name=":2222">{{Cite news|title=Can the digital revolution save Indian journalism?|language=en|work=Columbia Journalism Review|url=https://www.cjr.org/special_report/india_digital_revolution_startups_scoopwhoop_wire_times.php|access-date=5 July 2017|archive-date=7 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200607124936/https://www.cjr.org/special_report/india_digital_revolution_startups_scoopwhoop_wire_times.php|url-status=live}}</ref> ''The Quint'' has also been certified by the [[Poynter Institute]]'s International Fact-Checking Network for its reporting in ''WebQoof'', its in-house [[fact-checking]] division.<ref>{{cite web|last=Kaur|first=Kanchan|date=15 December 2019|title=The Quint: Conclusion and recommendations|url=https://ifcncodeofprinciples.poynter.org/application/public/the-quint/773632C0-3AF7-F954-75EA-5014963C12CA|access-date=29 May 2020|website=[[International Fact-Checking Network]]|archive-date=4 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201204081206/https://ifcncodeofprinciples.poynter.org/application/public/the-quint/773632C0-3AF7-F954-75EA-5014963C12CA|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Mantas|first=Harrison|date=20 May 2020|title=Why would Indian police issue and then withdraw a manual on misinformation? Political divides could be the answer|url=https://www.poynter.org/fact-checking/2020/why-would-indian-police-issue-and-then-withdraw-a-manual-on-misinformation-political-divides-could-be-the-answer/|access-date=2020-05-29|website=[[Poynter Institute]]|archive-date=27 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200527090551/https://www.poynter.org/fact-checking/2020/why-would-indian-police-issue-and-then-withdraw-a-manual-on-misinformation-political-divides-could-be-the-answer/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=24 September 2019|title=Fact checkers team up against disinformation at U.N. GA|url=https://www.rappler.com/newsbreak/fact-check/240890-fact-checkers-team-up-fight-disinformation-united-nations-general-assembly-2019|access-date=2020-05-29|website=[[Rappler]]|archive-date=1 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191001222510/https://www.rappler.com/newsbreak/fact-check/240890-fact-checkers-team-up-fight-disinformation-united-nations-general-assembly-2019|url-status=live}}</ref> The publication has received recognition through a number of prestigious awards for its [[public interest]] journalism.<ref name=":5" />

In a report of the [[Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism]], ''The Quint'' was compared with the [[Philippines|Filipino]] news publication [[Rappler]] and the [[South Africa]]n online newspaper ''[[Daily Maverick]]'', and described as digital-born commercial news publishers engaged in producing critical independent journalism in destabilising democracies. According to the report, ''The Quint'' has faced extreme external pressure in the form of politically motivated attacks on [[media freedom]], orchestrated digital [[disinformation]] campaigns and significant [[online harassment]] against its journalists; it was noted that online harassment was particularly severe against [[women journalists]], often including threats of violence ranging from [[sexual assault]] to rape and murder.<ref name=":5" />

In February 2017, ''The Quint'' published a sting video focused on how the [[Indian Army|Army]]'s ''[[jawans]]'' were being deployed as [[Batman (military)#India|''sahayaks'']] and performed a variety of menial tasks for officers;<ref name="newslaundry.com">{{Cite web|title=Gunner Roy Mathew's Death Raises Serious Questions That The Quint Must Answer|url=https://www.newslaundry.com/2017/03/03/gunner-roy-mathews-death-raises-serious-questions-that-the-quint-must-answer|website=[[Newslaundry]]|language=en|access-date=2020-01-28|archive-date=28 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200128020941/https://www.newslaundry.com/2017/03/03/gunner-roy-mathews-death-raises-serious-questions-that-the-quint-must-answer|url-status=live}}</ref> the profiled [[Naik (military rank)|''naik'']] committed suicide a week afterwards<ref name="Scroll Staff">{{Cite web|title=Sahayak system sting video: HC quashes FIR against journalist accused of abetting jawan's suicide|url=https://scroll.in/latest/920602/sahayak-system-sting-video-hc-quashes-fir-against-journalist-for-allegedly-abetting-jawans-suicide|author=Scroll Staff|website=Scroll.in|language=en-US|access-date=2020-01-28|archive-date=16 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200416232954/https://scroll.in/latest/920602/sahayak-system-sting-video-hc-quashes-fir-against-journalist-for-allegedly-abetting-jawans-suicide|url-status=live}}</ref> in fear of an impending [[court-martial]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Jawan suicide: None responsible for my death, says Lance Naik Roy Mathew in diary|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/jawan-suicide-none-responsible-for-my-death-says-lance-naik-roy-mathew-in-diary-4554832/|date=2017-03-05|website=The Indian Express|language=en-US|access-date=2020-01-28|archive-date=28 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200128020939/https://indianexpress.com/article/india/jawan-suicide-none-responsible-for-my-death-says-lance-naik-roy-mathew-in-diary-4554832/|url-status=live}}</ref> The Army subsequently booked the ''Quint'' reporter for abetting his suicide, and violating the [[Official Secrets Act (India)|Official Secrets Act]] of India by trespassing into a prohibited area.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Jawan suicide: Reporter who shot sting is booked under OSA, for abetment|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/lance-naik-roy-mathew-jawan-suicide-reporter-who-shot-sting-is-booked-under-osa-for-abetment-4588476/|date=2017-03-28|website=The Indian Express|language=en-US|access-date=2020-01-28|archive-date=28 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200128020941/https://indianexpress.com/article/india/lance-naik-roy-mathew-jawan-suicide-reporter-who-shot-sting-is-booked-under-osa-for-abetment-4588476/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Army blames media for death of whistle-blower soldier Roy Mathew|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/army-blames-media-for-death-of-whistle-blower-soldier-roy-mathew-4553134/|date=2017-03-03|website=The Indian Express|language=en-US|access-date=2020-01-28|archive-date=28 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200128021015/https://indianexpress.com/article/india/army-blames-media-for-death-of-whistle-blower-soldier-roy-mathew-4553134/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Quint Reporter Accused Of Abetting Suicide Of Jawan Who Criticised Sahayak System In Sting Video Gets Bail|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/website/story/quint-reporter-accused-of-abetting-suicide-of-jawan-who-criticised-sahayak-syste/298692|website=Outloook|access-date=2020-01-28|archive-date=28 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200128020941/https://www.outlookindia.com/website/story/quint-reporter-accused-of-abetting-suicide-of-jawan-who-criticised-sahayak-syste/298692|url-status=live}}</ref> Media critics have since dubbed the sting-operation as "overzealous journalism" with a host of ethical issues.<ref name=":522">{{Cite web|title=The Tragic Consequences of Irresponsible, Overzealous Journalism|url=https://thewire.in/security/quint-roy-mathew-army-soldier-suicide|website=The Wire|access-date=2020-01-28|archive-date=28 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200128020938/https://thewire.in/security/quint-roy-mathew-army-soldier-suicide|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="newslaundry.com"/> In 2019, [[Bombay High Court]] quashed all charges against ''The Quint'' noting the Army to be vindictive.<ref name="Scroll Staff"/>

[[Kulbhushan Jadhav]] is an Indian national who was arrested in [[Pakistan]] on charges of terrorism and spying for the [[Research and Analysis Wing]] (RAW) – India's external intelligence agency.<ref name="nytimes22">{{cite web|title=Pakistan Releases Video of Indian Officer, Saying He's a Spy|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/30/world/asia/pakistan-releases-video-of-indian-officer-saying-hes-a-spy.html|author=Salman Masood|date=29 March 2016|work=The New York Times|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160330192058/http://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/30/world/asia/pakistan-releases-video-of-indian-officer-saying-hes-a-spy.html|archive-date=30 March 2016|access-date=30 March 2016}}</ref> After the arrest, on 5 January 2018, ''The Quint'' published a story by the journalist Chandan Nandy which claimed that Jadhav was being used to collect intelligence for India and that two former chiefs of the Research and Analysis Wing had allegedly stated that they were against the recruitment of Jadhav as a spy.<ref name=":232">{{Cite web|title=द क्विंट ने हटायी कुलभूषण जाधव पर विवादित स्टोरी, पाकिस्तान ने पूछा- ये है मीडिया की आजादी?|url=https://www.lokmatnews.in/india/quint-retracted-story-kulbhushan-jadhav-claiming-he-was-raw-agent-pakistans-media-lauded-it/|date=2018-01-06|website=Lokmat|language=hi|access-date=30 May 2020|archive-date=4 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211104123358/https://www.lokmatnews.in/india/quint-retracted-story-kulbhushan-jadhav-claiming-he-was-raw-agent-pakistans-media-lauded-it/|url-status=live}}</ref> ''[[The Hindu]]'''s [[Frontline magazine|''Frontline'' magazine]] also published a story with a similar claim.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2019-02-19|title=Pakistan cites articles in Indian media at ICJ to claim Jadhav was a spy|work=[[The Economic Times]]|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/pak-responds-to-indias-arguments-at-icj-over-kulbhushan-jadhavs-case/articleshow/68064040.cms|access-date=22 May 2020|archive-date=4 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804151130/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/pak-responds-to-indias-arguments-at-icj-over-kulbhushan-jadhavs-case/articleshow/68064040.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=India's secret war|url=https://frontline.thehindu.com/the-nation/indias-secret-war/article10055129.ece|last=Swami|first=Praveen|author-link=Praveen Swami|date=16 February 2018|website=[[Frontline (magazine)|Frontline]]|language=en|access-date=22 May 2020|archive-date=4 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200604211242/https://frontline.thehindu.com/the-nation/indias-secret-war/article10055129.ece|url-status=live}}</ref> The stories were picked up by Pakistani media agencies as apparent confirmation of Jadhav's affiliation.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Jadhav may be serving naval officer, says Indian magazine|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1386827|date=2018-02-02|website=[[Dawn (newspaper)|Dawn]]|language=en|access-date=2019-11-15|archive-date=15 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191115002539/https://www.dawn.com/news/1386827|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=The Quint retracts story which confirmed 'Kulbhushan Jadhav was RAW agent'|url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/1602223/1-quint-retracts-story-confirmed-kulbhushan-jadhav-raw-agent/|date=2018-01-06|website=[[The Express Tribune]]|language=en-US|access-date=11 December 2018|archive-date=14 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180114220356/https://tribune.com.pk/story/1602223/1-quint-retracts-story-confirmed-kulbhushan-jadhav-raw-agent/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Jadhav And The Quint|url=https://nation.com.pk/08-Jan-2018/jadhav-and-the-quint|date=2018-01-08|website=The Nation|language=en|access-date=2020-05-19|archive-date=24 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200524203644/https://nation.com.pk/08-Jan-2018/jadhav-and-the-quint|url-status=live}}</ref> It drew criticism in India; the media watchdog ''Newslaundry'' raised questions on how ''The Quint'' could have been privy to such information.<ref name=":022">{{Cite web|title=What The Quint's recent fiasco tells us about digital journalism|url=https://www.newslaundry.com/2018/01/09/quint-jadhav-story-fiasco-digital-journalism|website=Newslaundry|language=en-UK|access-date=2019-11-15|archive-date=15 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191115131801/https://www.newslaundry.com/2018/01/09/quint-jadhav-story-fiasco-digital-journalism|url-status=live}}</ref> The publication retracted the story on 7 January stating that the factual accuracy of the article required rechecking.<ref name=":232" /><ref name=":022" /> The story was later quoted by Pakistan in a related [[International Court of Justice]] case.<ref>{{Cite web|title=कुलभूषण जाधव केस: भारतीय मीडिया ने की पाक की मदद?|url=https://www.punjabkesari.in/national/news/indian-media-will-help-pak-about-kulbhushan-jadhav-case-954552|date=2019-02-20|website=punjabkesari|access-date=2019-11-15|archive-date=15 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191115002543/https://www.punjabkesari.in/national/news/indian-media-will-help-pak-about-kulbhushan-jadhav-case-954552|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":122">{{Cite web|title=कुलभूषण जाधव मामला: ICJ में PAK को झटका, केस स्थगित करने की मांग खारिज|url=https://aajtak.intoday.in/story/pakistan-reiterates-its-allegation-that-jadhav-was-raw-agent-cites-indian-media-reports-1-1062720.html|website=aajtak.intoday.in|language=hi|access-date=2019-11-15|archive-date=15 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191115002313/https://aajtak.intoday.in/story/pakistan-reiterates-its-allegation-that-jadhav-was-raw-agent-cites-indian-media-reports-1-1062720.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

On 27 March 2020, during the [[COVID-19 pandemic in India]], ''The Quint'' published an article which reported that India was in stage-3 transmission ([[community transmission]]). The government's [[Press Information Bureau]] denied the occurrence of community transmission and labeled the story as "misleading". ''[[The Times of India]]'' published a "fact-check" affirming the PIB statement and clarifying that the person being quoted did not have medical qualifications but had a [[PhD]] in [[Quality management]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=FAKE ALERT: Leading digital news portal falsely claims India in Stage 3 of Covid-19 - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/times-fact-check/news/fake-alert-leading-digital-news-portal-falsely-claims-india-in-stage-3-of-covid-19/articleshow/74863286.cms|website=The Times of India|access-date=2020-03-28|archive-date=28 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200328182751/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/times-fact-check/news/fake-alert-leading-digital-news-portal-falsely-claims-india-in-stage-3-of-covid-19/articleshow/74863286.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Team|first=BS Web|date=2020-03-27|title=Covid-19: Govt says report on stage 3 misleading, denied by official|work=Business Standard India|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/india-has-entered-stage-3-of-coronavirus-pandemic-120032701891_1.html|access-date=2020-03-28|archive-date=28 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200328145348/https://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/india-has-entered-stage-3-of-coronavirus-pandemic-120032701891_1.html|url-status=live}}</ref> However, medical professionals also questioned the basis of the government's continued denial with some asserting that community transmission had already begun in March.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Jain|first=Yogesh|date=18 March 2020|title=ICMR has little basis to claim there is no community transmission of COVID-19|url=https://caravanmagazine.in/health/icmr-little-basis-to-claim-no-community-transmission-covid|website=[[The Caravan]]|language=en|access-date=29 June 2020|archive-date=2 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200602154739/https://caravanmagazine.in/health/icmr-little-basis-to-claim-no-community-transmission-covid|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Garari|first=Kaniza|date=2020-03-22|title=Has India entered stage three of Covid19 outbreak?|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/220320/has-india-enters-stage-three-of-virus-outbreak.html|website=[[Deccan Chronicle]]|language=en|access-date=29 June 2020|archive-date=26 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200326081206/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/220320/has-india-enters-stage-three-of-virus-outbreak.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The report published by ''The Quint'' had quoted Girdhar Gyani, the head of the [[NGO]], Association of Healthcare Providers.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Journalism at the time of the pandemic|url=http://theshillongtimes.com/2020/04/24/journalism-at-the-time-of-the-pandemic/|last=Mukhim|first=Pactricia|date=24 April 2020|website=[[The Shillong Times]]|language=en-US|access-date=2020-05-19|archive-date=5 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200505141333/http://theshillongtimes.com/2020/04/24/journalism-at-the-time-of-the-pandemic/|url-status=live}}</ref> Later the publication updated the article without any retractions to include information about Girdhar Gyani having been appointed as the convener of a COVID-19 hospital task force.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Agarwal|first=Poonam|date=2020-03-26|title=India May be in Stage 3: COVID-19 Hospital Task Force Convener|url=https://www.thequint.com/news/india/coronavirus-covid-19-india-in-stage-3-community-transmission-says-dr-gyani-task-force-for-covid-19-hospitals|website=The Quint|language=en|access-date=12 June 2020|archive-date=12 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200612223027/https://www.thequint.com/news/india/coronavirus-covid-19-india-in-stage-3-community-transmission-says-dr-gyani-task-force-for-covid-19-hospitals|url-status=live}}</ref> As of 12 June, the [[Ministry of Health (India)|Ministry of Health]] continued to deny any occurrence of community transfer in contradiction to opinions of independent medical experts.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2020-06-12|title=Why does India deny Covid community transmission?|language=en-GB|work=[[BBC News]]|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-53018912|access-date=29 June 2020|archive-date=7 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200707081558/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-53018912|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Awards ===

* ''The Quint'' won three gold and one bronze at [[WAN–IFRA]] South Asian Digital Media Awards 2016. The publication's website won gold and bronze in the categories of "Best Reader Engagement" and "Best News Mobile Service" respectively.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Mahapatro|first=Abhipsha|title=The Quint Wins 3 Golds at South Asian Digital Media Awards 2016|url=https://www.thequint.com/social-buzz/2016/09/21/the-quint-wins-3-golds-at-south-asian-digital-media-awards-2016|website=The Quint}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2016-09-21|title=Winners of South Asian Digital Media Awards announced; Best in Print – Asia Media awards also presented|url=https://www.wan-ifra.org/articles/2016/09/21/winners-of-south-asian-digital-media-awards-announced-best-in-print-asia-media-a|website=[[WAN-IFRA]]|access-date=30 June 2020|archive-date=2 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200702200740/https://www.wan-ifra.org/articles/2016/09/21/winners-of-south-asian-digital-media-awards-announced-best-in-print-asia-media-a|url-status=live}}</ref>
* ''The Quint'' won one gold, two silver and one bronze at WAN–IFRA South Asian Digital Media Awards 2018. It won silver in the category of "Best [[Branded content|Branded Content]] Project" for its feature on [[Madhya Pradesh Tourism]].<ref name=":7" /><ref>{{Cite web|date=26 September 2018|title=South Asian Digital Media Awards 2018|url=https://events.wan-ifra.org/events/south-asian-digital-media-awards-2018/content/2944|website=[[WAN-IFRA]]|access-date=30 June 2020|archive-date=30 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200630201954/https://events.wan-ifra.org/events/south-asian-digital-media-awards-2018/content/2944|url-status=live}}</ref>
* Two of ''The Quint''<nowiki/>'s journalists won the Red Ink Awards in 2019.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|date=2019-06-28|title=The Quint Wins in Two Categories at RedInk Awards 2019|url=https://www.thequint.com/news/india/the-quint-wins-awards-at-the-redink-awards-2019|website=The Quint|language=en|access-date=1 June 2020|archive-date=22 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200722115722/https://www.thequint.com/news/india/the-quint-wins-awards-at-the-redink-awards-2019|url-status=live}}</ref>
* ''The Quint'' won one silver and two bronze at WAN–IFRA South Asian Digital Media Awards 2019. The publication's website won bronze in the "Best News Website or Mobile Service" for a second time.<ref>{{Cite web|date=18 February 2020|title=The Wire Wins 'Best News Startup', 'Best Use of Video' at South Asian Digital Media Awards 2019|url=https://thewire.in/media/south-asian-digital-media-awards-wire|website=[[The Wire (India)|The Wire]]|access-date=30 June 2020|archive-date=30 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200630201714/https://thewire.in/media/south-asian-digital-media-awards-wire|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-12-27|title=Manoramaonline.com Awarded Best News Website of the Year in South Asia.|url=https://www.wan-ifra.org/press-releases/2019/12/27/manoramaonlinecom-awarded-best-news-website-of-the-year-in-south-asia|website=[[WAN-IFRA]]|access-date=30 June 2020|archive-date=1 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200701004744/https://www.wan-ifra.org/press-releases/2019/12/27/manoramaonlinecom-awarded-best-news-website-of-the-year-in-south-asia|url-status=live}}</ref>
* Four of ''The Quint''<nowiki/>'s journalists won the [[Ramnath Goenka Excellence in Journalism Awards]] in three categories for 2019.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-01-20|title=The Quint Wins 3 Ramnath Goenka Excellence in Journalism Awards|url=https://www.thequint.com/news/india/3-ramnath-goenka-awards-in-journalism|access-date=2020-01-21|website=The Quint|language=en|archive-date=21 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200121134616/https://www.thequint.com/news/india/3-ramnath-goenka-awards-in-journalism|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|date=2020-02-06|title=RNG awards: Here's the full list of winners|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/ramnath-goenka-journalism-awards-rng-full-list-6226734/|website=[[The Indian Express]]|language=en|access-date=30 May 2020|archive-date=2 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200702095059/https://indianexpress.com/article/india/ramnath-goenka-journalism-awards-rng-full-list-6226734/|url-status=live}}</ref><nowiki/>

== Readership ==
''The Quint'' website received a monthly unique readership of approximately 16 million as of March 2019. According to [[Google Analytics]], nearly 69% of the readership was estimated to be between the ages of 18 and 34. In addition, the website had a subscriber base of over 175,000 readers on [[WhatsApp]]. The combined monthly exposure of unique users through all internet assets of ''The Quint'' was estimated to be 100 million. Per February 2019 data of [[CrowdTangle]], the publication was the largest digital only news publisher on [[Facebook]].<ref name=":92"/>{{better source needed|date=January 2021}}

Per [[ComScore]] data, the monthly unique readership of website was 24.8 million as of August 2019.<ref name=":42" />

== See also ==

* [[Rappler]]
* [[Daily Maverick]]
* [[BloombergQuint]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{Official website|https://www.thequint.com}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Quint, The}}
[[Category:Indian news websites]]

1535 in India

2025-11-22T19:50:37Z

Filmeekeeda: brief updated page to improve readability also and improved wording for accuracy

{{Short description|none}}
{{list incomplete|date=November 2025}}
{{More citations needed|date=February 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2024}}
{{year in India|1535}}

Events from the year '''1535 in India'''.
==Events==
* [[Chittorgarh Fort#Siege of 1534|Siege of Chittorgarh Fort]]<ref>{{cite book |title=Chittorgarh |date=1928 |publisher=State Printing Press |page=48 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-OsCAAAAMAAJ |access-date=27 February 2024}}</ref>
* [[Bahadur Shah of Gujarat]] first reign as sultan of [[Gujarat|Gujarat Sultanate]] ends (began [[1526 in India|1526]])

==Births==
* 19 January [[Mata Bhani]], also known as Bibi Bhani,<ref>{{cite book |last1=Singh |first1=Sardar Harjeet |title=Faith & Philosophy of Sikhism |date=2009 |publisher=Kalpaz Publications |isbn=9788178357218 |page=162 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fleka3YEE8sC |access-date=27 February 2024}}</ref> daughter of third Sikh guru [[Guru Amar Das]], wife of fourth Sikh guru [[Guru Ram Das]] and mother of fifth Sikh guru [[Guru Arjan Dev]] is born (dies [[1598 in India|1598]])
==See also==
{{Portal|India}}
* [[Timeline of Indian history]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{India year nav}}
{{Year in Asia|1535}}

[[Category:1535 in India| ]]
[[Category:1535 by country]]
[[Category:Years of the 16th century in India]]
[[Category:1535 in Asia]]
[[Category:1530s in India]]

{{India-year-stub}}

2021 CFL Premier Division

2025-09-22T03:58:13Z

Filmeekeeda: Added A Data

{{short description|123rd season of Calcutta Premier Division}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Infobox football league season
| competition = CFL Premier Division A
| season = 2021
| dates = 17 August – 18 November
| winners = [[Mohammedan SC (Kolkata)|Mohammedan]] (12th title)
| promoted =
| relegated =
| matches = 41
| total goals = 123
| best player = Anurag Dhawa
| league topscorer = Santosh Baro
| best goalkeeper = Kuldeep Singh
| highest scoring = [[Tollygunge Agragami]] 2–6 [[Peerless SC|Peerless]]
| prevseason = [[2019 CFL Premier Division|2019]]
| nextseason = [[2022 CFL Premier Division|2022]]
}}

The '''2021 [[Calcutta Football League]] Premier Division A''' was the 123rd season of the top [[Indian State Leagues|state-level]] [[association football|football]] league of [[West Bengal]]. It was held between mid-August and November 2021.<ref name="cfl21">{{cite web|first=Sabyasachi|last=Ghosh|date=1 July 2021|url=https://xtratimebangla.in/calcutta-football-league-set-to-start-in-mid-august-as-sc-east-bengal-not-there-in-ifa-meeting/|title=আগস্টের মাঝে শুরু হবে কলকাতা লিগ, আইএফএর বৈঠকে গরহাজির এসসি ইস্টবেঙ্গল|trans-title=Kolkata League to start mid-August, SC East Bengal absentee in meeting|language=bn|work=XtraTime Bangla|accessdate=2 Jul 2021|archive-date=1 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210701212222/https://xtratimebangla.in/calcutta-football-league-set-to-start-in-mid-august-as-sc-east-bengal-not-there-in-ifa-meeting/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="attd">{{cite web|date=1 July 2021|url=https://www.anandabazar.com/sports/cfl-to-start-from-18th-august-dgtl/cid/1290258|title=CFL: ১৮ অগস্ট থেকে শুরু হচ্ছে কলকাতা ফুটবল লিগ|trans-title=Kolkata League to start from 18th August|language=bn|work=Anandabazar|accessdate=2 July 2021|archive-date=1 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210701212143/https://www.anandabazar.com/sports/cfl-to-start-from-18th-august-dgtl/cid/1290258|url-status=live}}</ref> Due to the [[COVID-19 pandemic in India|COVID-19 pandemic]], it was decided to cancel Calcutta League last season,<ref>{{Cite web|title=No Calcutta Football League This Season, Decide Premier Division Clubs|url=https://ifawb.org/no-calcutta-football-league-this-season-decides-ifa/|access-date=2021-03-23|website=Indian Football Association (West Bengal)|date=25 February 2021|language=en}}</ref> but it was played this year.<ref name=cfl21b>{{cite web|author=Sagnik|date=1 July 2021|url=https://thebridge.in/exclusive/no-east-bengal-calcutta-football-league-ifa-shorter-format-22596|title=No East Bengal in Calcutta Football League? IFA to consider shorter format|work=The Bridge|accessdate=2 July 2021|archive-date=1 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210701212230/https://thebridge.in/exclusive/no-east-bengal-calcutta-football-league-ifa-shorter-format-22596|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=cfl21c>{{cite web|date=2021-07-02|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/sports/indian-football-association-plans-premier-group-a-from-august/cid/1820906|title=Indian Football Association plans Premier Group A from August|work=The Telegraph|accessdate=2021-07-02|archive-date=2 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210702062928/https://www.telegraphindia.com/sports/indian-football-association-plans-premier-group-a-from-august/cid/1820906|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Changes from last season ==
=== Rules and regulations ===
*Owing to the [[COVID-19 pandemic in West Bengal]], the tournament format is shortened by adopting a league-cum-knockout format.<ref name=cfl21b/> The 14 participating teams would be divided into two groups and each team would play against all the other teams in their respective groups once. The top three teams from each group would earn a direct quarter final berth. The remaining four teams from each group would play against each other once for the last two quarter final spots. The eight qualified teams would then play knockout matches to reach the final of Premier Division A.<ref name=cfl21c/> From similar reasons [[ATK Mohun Bagan FC|ATK Mohun Bagan]] and [[East Bengal Club|East Bengal]] have not participated.

*The IFA had also increased the number of overseas players a club could register from 4 to 6, but only 2 could be named in the starting eleven.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|date=2021-07-13|title=Calcutta Football League pullout may relegate SC East Bengal, says Indian Football Association|url=https://www.firstpost.com/sports/calcutta-football-league-pullout-may-relegate-sc-east-bengal-says-indian-football-association-9800751.html|access-date=2021-07-13|website=Firstpost}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=আগস্টের তৃতীয় সপ্তাহেই শুরু কলকাতা লিগ, নিয়মে একাধিক বদল|url=https://www.sangbadpratidin.in/sports/football/kolkata-league-to-start-from-august-18/|access-date=2021-07-02|website=sangbadpratidin|language=en-US|archive-date=2 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210702063156/https://www.sangbadpratidin.in/sports/football/kolkata-league-to-start-from-august-18/|url-status=live}}</ref>

*The teams were exempted from relegation this season as the lower divisions of CFL were cancelled due to the pandemic.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":0" />

=== Promoted clubs ===
* [[United SC|United]]
* Railway
* [[Tollygunge Agragami FC|Tollygunge Agragami]]
* [[Kidderpore SC|Kidderpore]]

=== Relegated clubs ===
* [[Rainbow AC|NBP Rainbow]]
* [[Kalighat Milan Sangha FC|Kalighat Milan Sangha]]

== Teams ==
=== Managers and captains ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: left; font-size:85%"
|-
! scope="col" | Team
! scope="col" | Head coach
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align: left;" |[[Aryan FC|Aryan]]
|{{Flagicon|IND}} Rajdeep Nandy
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align: left;" |[[Bhawanipore FC|Bhawanipore]]
| {{flagicon|India}} [[Sankarlal Chakraborty]]
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align: left;" |[[BSS Sporting Club|BSS]]
|{{flagicon|IND}} Goutam Ghosh
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align: left;" |[[Calcutta Customs Club|Calcutta Customs]]
|
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align: left;" |[[George Telegraph S.C.|George Telegraph]]
|{{flagicon|IND}} Ranjan Bhattacharjee
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align: left;" |[[Kidderpore SC|Kidderpore]]
|{{flagicon|India}} Sanjib Pal
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align: left;" |[[Mohammedan SC (Kolkata)|Mohammedan]]
|{{flagicon|RUS}} [[Andrey Chernyshov]]
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align: left;" |[[Tollygunge Agragami FC|Tollygunge Agragami]]
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Bimal Ghosh]]
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align: left;" |[[Peerless SC|Peerless]]
|{{Flagicon|IND}} Subrata Bhattacharya
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align: left;" |Railway
| {{Flagicon|IND}} Souren Dutta
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align: left;" |[[Southern Samity]]
|{{Flagicon|IND}} [[Biswajit Bhattacharya]]
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align: left;" |[[United SC|United]]
| {{flagicon|Belgium}} Steven Herbots
|}

=== Foreign players ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: left; font-size:85%" "
|-
!Team
!Player 1
!Player 2
!Player 3
!Player 4
|-
! Aryan
|{{flagicon|Cameroon}} Aristide Vaillant
|{{flagicon|Nigeria}} [[Kareem Omolaja]]
|
|
|-
! Bhawanipore
| {{flagicon|Ivory Coast}} [[Kamo Stephane Bayi]]
| {{flagicon|Uganda}} [[Henry Kisekka]]
|
|
|-
! BSS
| {{flagicon|Ivory Coast}} [[Léonce Dodoz]]
| {{flagicon|Ivory Coast}} Seydou Kourouma
|
|
|-
! Calcutta Customs
| {{flagicon|Ivory Coast}} Gatch Arthure Diomande
| {{flagicon|Liberia}} [[Varney Kallon]]
|
|
|-
! George Telegraph
| {{flagicon|Nigeria}} [[Echezona Anyichie]]
|
|
|
|-
! Kidderpore
| {{flagicon|Nigeria}} Ejiogu Chinedu Emmanuel
| {{flagicon|Ghana}} Stephen Abeiku
|
|
|-
! Mohammedan
| {{flagicon|Serbia}} [[Nikola Stojanović (footballer, born 1995)|Nikola Stojanović]]
| {{flagicon|Serbia}} [[Stefan Ilić]]
| {{flagicon|Trinidad and Tobago}} [[Marcus Joseph]]
| {{flagicon|Syria}} [[Shaher Shaheen]]
|-
! Peerless
| {{flagicon|Liberia}} [[Ansumana Kromah]]
| {{flagicon|Sierra Leone}} Dixon Alusine
|{{flagicon|Cameroon}} Romaric Bettat
|
|-
! Railway
| {{flagicon|Ghana}} Ben Quansah
| {{flagicon|Cameroon}} Rayden Gonzo
| {{flagicon|Liberia}} Kelvin Kollie
|
|-
! Southern Samity
| {{flagicon|Zimbabwe}} [[Victor Kamhuka]]
|
|
|
|-
! Tollygunge Agragami
| {{flagicon|Nigeria}} [[Christopher Chizoba]]
|
|
|
|-
! United
| {{flagicon|Zimbabwe}} Dennis
| {{flagicon|Zimbabwe}} Matthew Tendai
|
|
|-
|}

== Group stage ==
=== Group A ===
<onlyinclude>{{#invoke:Sports table|main|style=WDL
|section = Premier Division A - Group A
|update = 3 September 2021
|source = [https://theawayend.co/calcutta-premier-division/ The Away End]

|team2 = BS |team4 = MM |team1 = BF |team3 = US |team7 = EB |team6 = SS |team5 = RL
|result1=Q|result2=Q|result3=Q|result4=R|result5=R|result6=R
|result7=R

|win_US = 4 |draw_US = 1 |loss_US = 1 |gf_US = 11 |ga_US = 5 |status_US = 
|win_EB = 0 |draw_EB = 0 |loss_EB = 6 |gf_EB = 0 |ga_EB = 18 |status_EB =

|win_MM = 3 |draw_MM = 1 |loss_MM = 2 |gf_MM = 10 |ga_MM = 5 |status_MM = 
|win_SS = 1 |draw_SS = 0 |loss_SS = 5 |gf_SS = 7 |ga_SS = 12 |status_SS = 
|win_BF = 4 |draw_BF = 2 |loss_BF = 0 |gf_BF = 14 |ga_BF = 7 |status_BF = 
|win_BS = 4 |draw_BS = 1 |loss_BS = 1 |gf_BS = 13 |ga_BS = 7 |status_BS = 
|win_RL = 2 |draw_RL = 1 |loss_RL = 3 |gf_RL = 8 |ga_RL = 9 |status_RL = 


|name_US = [[United SC|United]]
|name_EB = [[SC East Bengal|East Bengal]]
|name_MM = [[Mohammedan S.C. (Kolkata)|Mohammedan]]
|name_BF = [[Bhawanipore F.C.|Bhawanipore]]
|name_RL = Railway
|name_SS = [[Southern Samity]]
|name_BS = [[BSS Sporting Club|BSS]]

|res_col_header = QR
|col_Q = green1 |text_Q = Qualified for Quarterfinals
|col_R = yellow1 |text_R = Relegated to Elimination round

|show_limit=5
}}</onlyinclude>
''Note:'' East Bengal withdrew from the league hence the oppositions were awarded walkover of 3 goals.

====Fixtures and results====

{{#invoke:sports results|main
|source = [https://theawayend.co/calcutta-premier-division/ The Away End]
|update = 5 September 2021
|matches_style = FBR


|team1 = MMD
|team2 = BSS
|team7 = SSY
|team4 = RLY
|team3 = BFC
|team5 = EAB
|team6 = USC


|name_USC = [[United SC|United]]
|name_EAB = [[SC East Bengal|East Bengal]]
|name_MMD = [[Mohammedan S.C. (Kolkata)|Mohammedan]]
|name_BFC = [[Bhawanipore F.C.|Bhawanipore]]
|name_RLY = Railway
|name_SSY = [[Southern Samity]]
|name_BSS = [[BSS Sporting Club|BSS]]


|match_BFC_BSS = 2-2
|match_BFC_EAB = 3-0
|match_BFC_MMD = 2-0
|match_BFC_RLY = 2-2
|match_BFC_SSY = 3-2
|match_BFC_USC = 2-1


|match_BSS_BFC = —
|match_BSS_EAB = —
|match_BSS_MMD = —
|match_BSS_RLY = 3-1
|match_BSS_SSY = —
|match_BSS_USC = 1-3


|match_EAB_BFC = —
|match_EAB_BSS = 0-3
|match_EAB_MMD = 0-3
|match_EAB_RLY = 0-3
|match_EAB_SSY = 0-3
|match_EAB_USC = 0-3

|match_MMD_BFC = —
|match_MMD_BSS = 0-1
|match_MMD_EAB = —
|match_MMD_RLY = 2-0
|match_MMD_SSY = —
|match_MMD_USC = 2-2

|match_RLY_BFC = —
|match_RLY_BSS = —
|match_RLY_EAB = —
|match_RLY_MMD = —
|match_RLY_SSY = —
|match_RLY_USC = 0-1


|match_SSY_BFC = —
|match_SSY_BSS = 1-3
|match_SSY_EAB = —
|match_SSY_MMD = 0-3
|match_SSY_RLY = 1-2
|match_SSY_USC = 0-1


|match_USC_BFC = —
|match_USC_BSS = —
|match_USC_EAB = —
|match_USC_MMD = —
|match_USC_RLY = —
|match_USC_SSY = —
}}

=== Group B ===
<onlyinclude>{{#invoke:Sports table|main|style=WDL
|section = Premier Division A - Group B
|update = 26 August 2021
|source = [https://theawayend.co/calcutta-premier-division/ The Away End]

|team4 = AR |team2 =CC |team5 = TA |team7 = AM |team6 =KS |team1 = PR |team3 = GT
|result1=Q|result2=Q|result3=Q|result4=R|result5=R|result6=R
|result7=R

|win_AR = 2 |draw_AR = 3 |loss_AR = 1 |gf_AR = 9 |ga_AR = 3 |status_AR = 
|win_CC = 4 |draw_CC = 1 |loss_CC = 1 |gf_CC = 13 |ga_CC = 4 |status_CC = 
|win_GT = 3 |draw_GT = 3 |loss_GT = 0 |gf_GT = 9 |ga_GT = 3 |status_GT = 
|win_AM = 0 |draw_AM = 0 |loss_AM = 6 |gf_AM = 0 |ga_AM = 18 |status_AM = 
|win_PR = 4 |draw_PR = 1 |loss_PR = 1 |gf_PR = 14 |ga_PR = 5 |status_PR = 
|win_KS = 1 |draw_KS = 1 |loss_KS = 4 |gf_KS = 6 |ga_KS = 16 |status_KS = 
|win_TA = 2 |draw_TA = 1 |loss_TA = 3 |gf_TA = 8 |ga_TA = 10 |status_TA = 


|name_AR = [[Aryan F.C.|Aryan]]
|name_CC = [[Calcutta Customs Club|Calcutta Customs]]
|name_GT = [[George Telegraph S.C.|George Telegraph]]
|name_AM = [[ATK Mohun Bagan]]
|name_PR = [[Peerless SC|Peerless]]
|name_KS = [[Kidderpore SC|Kidderpore]]
|name_TA = [[Tollygunge Agragami FC|Tollygunge Agragami]]

|res_col_header = QR
|col_Q = green1 |text_Q = Qualified for Quarterfinals
|col_R = yellow1 |text_R = Relegated to Elimination round

|show_limit=5
}}</onlyinclude>
''Note:'' ATK Mohun Bagan withdrew from the league hence the oppositions were awarded walkover of 3 goals.

====Fixtures and results====

{{#invoke:sports results|main
|source = [https://theawayend.co/calcutta-premier-division/ The Away End]
|update = 26 August 2021
|matches_style = FBR


|team2 = ARN
|team4 = AMB
|team5 = CCU
|team6 = GTL
|team7 = KSC
|team1 = PRL
|team3 = TAG


|name_ARN = [[Aryan F.C.|Aryan]]
|name_CCU = [[Calcutta Customs Club|Calcutta Customs]]
|name_GTL = [[George Telegraph S.C.|George Telegraph]]
|name_AMB = [[ATK Mohun Bagan FC|ATK Mohun Bagan]]
|name_PRL = [[Peerless SC|Peerless]]
|name_KSC = [[Kidderpore SC|Kidderpore]]
|name_TAG = [[Tollygunge Agragami FC|Tollygunge Agragami]]


|match_ARN_AMB = 3-0
|match_ARN_CCU = 0-1
|match_ARN_GTL = 1-1
|match_ARN_KSC = 5-1
|match_ARN_PRL = 0-0
|match_ARN_TAG = 0-0


|match_AMB_ARN = —
|match_AMB_CCU = 0-3
|match_AMB_GTL = 0-3
|match_AMB_KSC = 0-3
|match_AMB_PRL = 0-3
|match_AMB_TAG = —


|match_CCU_ARN = —
|match_CCU_AMB = —
|match_CCU_GTL = —
|match_CCU_KSC = —
|match_CCU_PRL = —
|match_CCU_TAG = —


|match_GTL_ARN = —
|match_GTL_AMB = —
|match_GTL_CCU = 1-1
|match_GTL_KSC = 1-1
|match_GTL_PRL = 2-0
|match_GTL_TAG = —


|match_KSC_ARN = —
|match_KSC_AMB = —
|match_KSC_CCU = 0-5
|match_KSC_GTL = —
|match_KSC_PRL = —
|match_KSC_TAG = —


|match_PRL_ARN = —
|match_PRL_AMB = —
|match_PRL_CCU = 1-0
|match_PRL_GTL = —
|match_PRL_KSC = 4-1
|match_PRL_TAG = —


|match_TAG_ARN = —
|match_TAG_AMB = 3-0
|match_TAG_CCU = 2-3
|match_TAG_GTL = 0-1
|match_TAG_KSC = 1-0
|match_TAG_PRL = 2-6
}}

== Elimination round ==
<section begin=QF />
{{#invoke:RoundN|N4
|style=white-space:nowrap|widescore=yes|bold_winner=high|3rdplace=no
|RD1=[[#Play-off 1|Play-off round 1]]
|RD2=[[#Play-off 2|Play-off round 2]]


||[[Mohammedan SC (Kolkata)|Mohammedan]]|[[walkover|w/o]]|[[ATK Mohun Bagan]]|
||[[Tollygunge Agragami FC|Tollygunge Agragami]]|2; 5{{pso}}|[[Southern Samity]]|2; 4{{pso}}

||[[Mohammedan SC (Kolkata)|Mohammedan]]|3|[[Tollygunge Agragami FC|Tollygunge Agragami]]|1
}}

{{#invoke:RoundN|N4
|style=white-space:nowrap|widescore=yes|bold_winner=high|3rdplace=no
|RD1=[[#Play-off 1|Play-off round 1]]
|RD2=[[#Play-off 2|Play-off round 2]]


||[[Aryan FC|Aryan]]|[[walkover|w/o]]|[[SC East Bengal|East Bengal]]|
||Railway|5|[[Kidderpore SC|Kidderpore]]|0

||[[Aryan FC|Aryan]]|0; 2{{pso}}|Railway|0; 4{{pso}}
}}
<section end=QF />

== Knockout stage ==
<onlyinclude>
<section begin=Bracket />{{#invoke:RoundN|N8
|style=white-space:nowrap|widescore=yes|bold_winner=high|3rdplace=no
|RD1=[[#Quarter-finals|Quarter-finals]]
|RD2=[[#Semi-finals|Semi-finals]]
|RD3=[[#Final|Final]]


|1 October 2021 – [[Kalyani Stadium|Kalyani]]|[[BSS Sporting Club|BSS]]|1|[[George Telegraph SC|George Telegraph]]|2
|5 October 2021 – Naihati Stadium|[[Peerless SC|Peerless]]|0|Railway|4
|2 October 2021 – Naihati Stadium|[[United SC|United]]|3|[[Calcutta Customs Club|Calcutta Customs]]|2
|9 October 2021 – [[Kalyani Stadium|Kalyani]]|[[Bhawanipore FC|Bhawanipore]]|0|[[Mohammedan SC (Kolkata)|Mohammedan]]|7

|8 October 2021 - Naihati Stadium|[[George Telegraph SC|George Telegraph]]|0|Railway {{aet}}|1
|12 October 2021 - [[Kalyani Stadium|Kalyani]]|[[United SC|United]]|0|[[Mohammedan SC (Kolkata)|Mohammedan]]|1

|18 November 2021 - [[Salt Lake Stadium]]|Railway|0|[[Mohammedan SC (Kolkata)|Mohammedan]]|1
}}<section end=Bracket /></onlyinclude>

==See also==
* [[2021–22 season in state football leagues of India]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Calcutta Football League}}
{{2021–22 in Indian football}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:2021-22 CFL Premier Division}}
[[Category:CFL Premier Division seasons]]
[[Category:2021–22 in Indian football leagues]]
[[Category:2021–22 in Indian football]]

Kalyan Ghosh (cricketer)

2025-07-07T12:21:03Z

Filmeekeeda: Put up new page initial version - done

{{Short description|Indian cricketer (born 1946)}}
{{for|the politician|Kalyan Ghosh (politician)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2016}}
{{Infobox cricketer
| name = Kalyan Ghosh
| image =
| country = India
| fullname =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1946|11|4|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Calcutta]], India
| death_date =
| death_place =
| batting =
| bowling =
| role =

| club1 =
| year1 =
| clubnumber1 =
| club2 =
| year2 =
| clubnumber2 =

| date = 28 March 2016
| source = http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/29120.html ESPNcricinfo
}}
'''Kalyan Ghosh''' (born 4 November 1946) is an Indian former [[cricket]]er. He played ten [[first-class cricket|first-class]] matches for [[Bengal cricket team|Bengal]] between 1964 and 1971.<ref name="Bio">{{Cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/29120.html |title=Kalyan Ghosh |access-date=28 March 2016 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[List of Bengal cricketers]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{cricinfo|ref=ci/content/player/29120.html}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ghosh, Kalyan}}
[[Category:1946 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian cricketers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian sportsmen]]
[[Category:Bengal cricketers]]
[[Category:Cricketers from Kolkata]]

{{India-cricket-bio-1940s-stub}}

Encyclopaedia Mundarica

2025-05-28T15:07:26Z

Filmeekeeda: Added new entry

[[File:Encyclopedia mundarica (John-Baptist Hoffmann).JPG|thumb|Spines of the work]]
'''Encyclopaedia Mundarica''' is a multi-volume work describing the language and culture of the [[Munda people]] of [[Chota Nagpur Plateau|Chota Nagpur]]. The project was begun by Jesuit priest [[John-Baptist Hoffmann|John Baptist Hoffmann]] and completed after Hoffmann's death by [[Arthur van Emelen]]. Hoffmann's contributions during his lifetime went into sixteen parts (sometimes listed as sixteen volumes but in reality just five). It was completed and published after his death with 13 volumes of text and 1 volume of plates between 1930 and 1950.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Thiel-Horstmann |first=Monika |date=1981 |title=Review of The Munda World |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/40460988 |journal=Anthropos |volume=76 |issue=3/4 |pages=613–616 |issn=0257-9774}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Roy |first=S. C. |date=1935 |title=Encyclopædia Mundarica. By Rev J. Hoffmann, S.J., in collaboration with Rev. A. Van Emelen, S.J. Vols. V–VII. |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0035869X00086998/type/journal_article |journal=Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain & Ireland |language=en |volume=67 |issue=2 |pages=430–432 |doi=10.1017/S0035869X00086998 |issn=0035-869X|url-access=subscription }}</ref> The 48 plates in the last volume included illustrations of material culture made by Reverend [[Louis Cardon]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Niggemeyer |first=Hermann |date=1934 |title=Review of Encyclopaedia Mundarica. I-VIII |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/40447050 |journal=Anthropos |volume=29 |issue=5/6 |pages=882–885 |issn=0257-9774}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://archive.org/details/dli.ernet.14919 Volume 1] [https://archive.org/details/dli.bengal.10689.21001 Volume 2] [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.14921 Volume 3] [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.14921 Volume 4] [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.14925 Volume 5] [https://archive.org/details/dli.bengal.10689.20084 Volume 6] [https://archive.org/details/dli.bengal.10689.20088 Volume 7] [https://archive.org/details/dli.bengal.10689.20080 Volume 8] [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.14924 Volume 9] [https://archive.org/details/dli.bengal.10689.20997 Volume 10] [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.462388 Volume 11] [[iarchive:dli.ernet.14931|Volume 12]] [https://archive.org/details/dli.ernet.14932 Volume 13]

[[Category:Ethnographic literature]]

Moghal Masjid, Mumbai

2025-02-22T13:01:49Z

Filmeekeeda: added post - done

{{Short description|Mosque in Mumbai, Maharashtra, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2025}}
{{Infobox religious building
| name = Moghal Mosque
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| image = Gate of Mughal Masjid.jpg
| image_upright = 1.4
| alt =
| caption = The gate of the mosque, in 2016
| religious_affiliation = [[Shia Islam]]
| tradition =
| sect =
| district =
| prefecture =
| province =
| region =
| deity =
| rite =
| festival = 
| organisational_status = [[Mosque]]
| ownership =
| governing_body =
| leadership =
| bhattaraka =
| patron =
| consecration_year =
| functional_status = Active
| religious_features_label =
| religious_features =
| location = [[Dongri]], [[Mumbai]], [[Maharashtra]]
| country = [[India]]
| map_type = India Mumbai
| map_size = 250
| map_alt =
| map_relief = yes
| map_caption = Location of the mosque in [[Mumbai]]
| grid_name =
| grid_position =
| sector =
| territory =
| administration =
| coordinates = {{coord|18.9595403|N|72.8334339|E|region:IN-MH|format=dms|display=it}}
| coordinates_footnotes =
| heritage_designation =
| architect =
| architecture_type = {{nowrap|[[Mosque architecture]]}}
| architecture_style = [[Qajar art#Qajar architecture|Qajar]]
| founded_by =
| creator =
| funded_by = Haji Mohammed Husain Shirazi
| general_contractor =
| established =
| groundbreaking =
| year_completed = 1860
| construction_cost =
| date_demolished = 
| facade_direction =
| capacity =
| length =
| width =
| width_nave =
| interior_area =
| height_max =
| dome_quantity =
| dome_height_outer =
| dome_height_inner =
| dome_dia_outer =
| dome_dia_inner =
| minaret_quantity = Two
| minaret_height =
| spire_quantity =
| spire_height =
| site_area =
| temple_quantity =
| monument_quantity =
| shrine_quantity =
| inscriptions =
| materials =
| elevation_m = 
| elevation_footnotes =
| nrhp =
| designated =
| added =
| refnum =
| delisted1_date =
| website =
| module = {{Infobox historic site
| embed = yes
| designation1 = | designation1_offname = | designation1_type = | designation1_criteria = | designation1_date = | delisted1_date = | designation1_partof = | designation1_number = | designation1_free1name = | designation1_free1value = | designation1_free2name = | designation1_free2value = | designation1_free3name = | designation1_free3value = }}
| footnotes =
}}
The '''Moghal Masjid''', officially the '''Masjid-e-Iranian''', is a [[Shia Islam|Shia]] [[mosque]], located in the [[Dongri]] area of [[Mumbai]], in the state of [[Maharashtra]], India.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Shaikh |first=Zeeshan |date=2021-10-16 |title=Mumbai Rewind: Moghul Masjid, a testimony to Bombay’s Iranian connect |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/mumbai-rewind-moghul-masjid-bombay-iranian-connect-7573995/ |access-date=2023-10-14 |website=[[The Indian Express]] |language=en}}</ref>

== Overview ==
The mosques was built in 1860, with the support of Haji Mohammed Husain Shirazi, a prominent Iranian businessman who was living in Mumbai.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Shukla |first=Ashutosh M. |title=Handmade Iranian tiles part of Mughal Masjid renovation |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-handmade-iranian-tiles-part-of-mughal-masjid-renovation-2351878 |access-date=2023-10-14 |website=DNA India |language=en}}</ref>

Built in an Iranian [[Qajar art#Qajar architecture|Qajar]] style, the exterior is embellished with coloured tiles. The carpets and chandeliers in the mosque interior were imported from [[Iran]]. Verses from the [[Quran]] are inscribed on the walls.<ref name=":0" /> In the 1990s, the mosque was restored by [[Reza Kabul]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nair |first=Manoj |location=Mumbai |date=2013-04-29 |title=152-year-old mosque in Mumbai to allow women into its main hall |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/mumbai/152-year-old-mosque-in-mumbai-to-allow-women-into-its-main-hall/story-gZgdKZ9FoNtbuR08zlHXQN.html |access-date=2023-10-14 |website=[[Hindustan Times]] |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Maskeri |first=Anju |date=2015-05-03 |title=Moghul Masjid: A piece of Persia in Mumbai |url=https://www.mid-day.com/lifestyle/culture/article/moghul-masjid--a-piece-of-persia-in-mumbai-16182156 |access-date=2023-10-14 |website=Mid-day |language=en}}</ref>

The mosque is managed by the Haji Mohammed Husain Shirazi trust.

== See also ==
{{stack|{{portal|India|Shia Islam}}}}
[[File:Entrance_of_Mughal_Masjid.jpg|thumb|Detail of the [[Qajar art#Qajar architecture|Qajar]] architecture, at the mosque entrance]]
* [[Shia Islam in India]]
* [[List of mosques in India]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{commons category-inline|Mughal Masjid, Mumbai}}
* {{cite web |url=https://heritagechronicles.blogspot.com/2019/11/a-slice-of-persian-architecture-in.html |title=A slice of Persian architecture |work=Heritage Chronicles |author= |date=November 2019 |format=Blog }}

{{Mosques in India}}

[[Category:19th-century mosques in India]]
[[Category:Mosque buildings with minarets in India]]
[[Category:Mosques completed in the 1860s]]
[[Category:Mosques in Mumbai]]
[[Category:Qajar mosques]]
[[Category:Religious buildings and structures completed in 1860]]
[[Category:Shia mosques in India]]

Bagaha railway station

2025-01-23T21:48:21Z

Filmeekeeda: cleanup section additionally and updated info

{{Short description|Railway station in Bihar, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2023}}
{{Infobox station
| name = Bagaha
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| style = Indian Railways
| type = [[Passenger train]] station
| image =
| caption =
| address = State Highway 64, Naraipur, [[Bagaha]], [[West Champaran district]], [[Bihar]]
| country = [[India]]
| coordinates = {{Coord|27.130045|N|84.066991|E|format=dms}}
| elevation = {{cvt|93|m}}
| owned = [[Indian Railways]]
| operator = East Central Railway
| line = [[Muzaffarpur–Gorakhpur main line]]
| platform = 2
| tracks = 3
| other =
| accessible =
| parking =
| structure = Standard (on ground station)
| code = {{Indian railway code
| code = BUG
| zone = [[East Central Railway zone]]
| division = {{rwd|Samastipur}}
}}
| status = Active
| closed =
| former =
| opened =1930s
| rebuilt =
| electrified = Yes
| pass_system =
| pass_year =
| pass_percent =
| services = {{Adjacent stations|system=Indian Railways|line=East Central Railway zone|left=Awasani|right=Kharpokhra|type=[[Muzaffarpur–Gorakhpur main line]]}}
| map_locator =
}}
'''Bagaha railway station''' is a railway station on [[Muzaffarpur–Gorakhpur main line]] under the [[Samastipur railway division]] of [[East Central Railway zone]]. This is situated beside State Highway 64 at Naraipur, [[Bagaha]] in [[West Champaran district]] of the Indian state of [[Bihar]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Mehrotra|first=Yash|title=Bagaha Railway Station Map/Atlas ECR/East Central Zone - Railway Enquiry|url=https://indiarailinfo.com/station/map/bagaha-bug/566|access-date=2021-08-30|website=indiarailinfo.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=TTI|title=BUG / Bagaha Railway Station {{!}} Train Arrival / Departure Timings at Bagaha|url=http://www.totaltraininfo.com/station/bug/|access-date=2021-08-30|website=www.totaltraininfo.com|language=en}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Railway stations in India opened in the 1930s]]
[[Category:Railway stations in West Champaran district]]
[[Category:Samastipur railway division]]

{{Bihar-railstation-stub}}

Bhiwani (Lok Sabha constituency)

2022-05-23T13:58:50Z

Filmeekeeda: refine section for accuracy and added references

#REDIRECT [[Bhiwani Lok Sabha constituency]]

{{Redirect category shell|
{{R from move}}
}}

Romeoo

2022-05-17T02:42:56Z

Filmeekeeda: improved article

#REDIRECT [[Romeo (2007 film)]]

{{Redirect category shell|
{{R from move}}
}}