Bharatpedia - User contributions [en]

Udne Ki Aasha

2026-05-08T11:34:28Z

FerminDodson605: New...

{{Short description|Indian drama television series}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2024}}
{{Infobox television
| image = UdneKiAashaRevamp.jpg
| caption =
| genre = [[Drama (film and television)|Family drama]]
| creator = Rahul Kumar Tewary
| developer =
| screenplay =
| story =
| starring = {{plainlist|
* Neha Harsora
* [[Kanwar Dhillon]]
}}
| writer =
| director = {{plainlist|
* Dharmesh Shah
* Rajesh Babbar
}}
| creative_director = Simran Narula
| producer = {{ubl|Rahul Kumar Tewary}}
| company =
| executive_producer =
| camera = [[Multiple-camera setup|Multi-camera]]
| cinematography =
| editor =
| runtime = 20-25 minutes
| num_seasons = 1
| num_episodes = 786
| opentheme =
| endtheme =
| theme_music_composer =
| composer =
| language = Hindi
| country = India
| first_aired = {{Start date|2024|03|12|df=y}}
| last_aired = present
| network = [[StarPlus|Star Plus]]
| narrated =
| related = ''[[Siragadikka Aasai (TV series)|Siragadikka Aasai]]''

}}
'''''Udne Ki Aasha''''' ({{translation|''Hope to Fly''}}) is an Indian Hindi-language television [[Drama (film and television)|family drama]] series that premiered on 12 March 2024 on [[Star Plus]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Pandit|first=Vishaka |date=22 February 2024 |title=Kanwar Dhillon, Neha Harsora's Udne Ki Aasha REPLACES Baatein Kuch Ankahee Si|website=[[Times Now]] |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/tv/kanwar-dhillon-neha-harsoras-udne-ki-aasha-replaces-baatein-kuch-ankahee-si-article-107908022/amp|access-date=11 November 2024 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Hungama |first=Bollywood |date=26 July 2024 |title=Star Plus announces new show Advocate Anjali Awasthi at 8:30 pm slot as Udne Ki Aasha shifts to 9 pm slot : Bollywood News - Bollywood Hungama |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/star-plus-announces-new-show-advocate-anjali-awasthi-830-pm-slot-udne-ki-aasha-shifts-9-pm-slot/ |access-date=11 November 2024 |language=en}}</ref> and streams digitally on [[Disney+ Hotstar]]. It is produced by Rolling Tales Productions, and stars Neha Harsora and [[Kanwar Dhillon]] in lead roles.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hungama |first=Bollywood |date=26 February 2024 |title=Udne Ki Aasha: Neha Harsora, aka Sailee, opens up about collaborating with Star Plus for the first time; says, "I am nervous and excited at the same time"|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/udne-ki-aasha-neha-harsora-aka-sailee-opens-collaborating-star-plus-first-time-says-nervous-excited-time/|access-date=11 November 2024 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Hungama |first=Bollywood |date=12 February 2024 |title=Pandya Store fame Kanwar Dhillon returns to Star Plus with new show Udne ki Asha co-starring Neha Harsora|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/pandya-store-fame-kanwar-dhillon-returns-star-plus-new-show-udne-ki-asha-co-starring-neha-harsora/|access-date=11 November 2024 |language=en}}</ref> It is the [[Hindi language|Hindi]] adaptation of [[Star Vijay]]'s [[Tamil language|Tamil]] series ''[[Siragadikka Aasai (TV series)|Siragadikka Aasai]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=26 April 2024 |title=Siragadikka Aasai is remade into Telugu, Malayalam, Marathi and Hindi |website=[[Asianet News]] |url=https://tamil.asianetnews.com/gallery/gallery/tamil-serial-siragadikka-aasai-remake-in-telugu-malayalam-marathi-and-hindi-gan-scjdho |access-date=11 November 2024 |language=ta |archive-date=10 October 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241010073755/https://tamil.asianetnews.com/gallery/gallery/tamil-serial-siragadikka-aasai-remake-in-telugu-malayalam-marathi-and-hindi-gan-scjdho |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Plot==
{{More plot|date=October 2025}}Set against a Marathi backdrop, ''Udne Ki Aasha'' revolves around the middle-class lives of Sachin and Sailee as they navigate the complexities of their relationship. It centers on Sailee's struggles as she encounters a roadblock in the form of a resistant husband and her efforts to inspire change, not just for their own growth, but for the betterment of their entire family.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hungama |first=Bollywood |date=11 March 2024 |title=Ayesha Singh returns as Sai post-GHKKPM exit; shoots with Kanwar Dhillon for his next show Udne Ki Asha, watch|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/ayesha-singh-returns-sai-post-ghkkpm-exit-shoots-kanwar-dhillon-next-show-udne-ki-asha-watch/|access-date=11 November 2024 |language=en}}</ref>

==Cast==
===Main===
*[[Neha Harsora]] as Sayli Jadhav Deshmukh: A honest florist; Shobha and Alok's eldest daughter; Juhi and Dilip's sister; Tejas ex-fiancee; Sachin's wife (2024–present)
*[[Kanwar Dhillon]] as Sachin Deshmukh: An aggressive and honest taxi driver; Paresh and Renuka's second son; Tejas and Akash brother; Savitri's grandson; Anish's best friend; Sailee's husband (2024–present)

===Recurring===
*[[Sanjay Narvekar]] as Paresh Deshmukh: An honest retired locomotive pilot and the owner of Renuka Home Gadgets; Savitri's son; Renuka's husband; Tejas, Sachin and Aakash's father; Krish's step grandfather (2024–present)
*Radhika Vidyasagar as Renuka Deshmukh: Paresh's wife; Tejas, Sachin and Akash's mother; Krish's step-grandmother (2024–present)
*[[Puru Chibber]] as Tejas Deshmukh: The dishonest manager and the former owner of Renuka Home Gadgets; Paresh and Renuka's eldest son; Akash and Sachin's brother; Sailee's ex-fiance; Kalyani's estranged second husband; Krish's step-father (2024–present)
*Tanvi Shewale as Kalyani aka Roshani Deshmukh: A makeup artist and the former owner of Renuka's Beauty World; Supriya's daughter; Satish's widow; Tejas' estranged wife; Krish's mother; Sachin, Sayli and Riya's enemy (2024–present)
*Devashish Chandiramani as Akash Deshmukh: An honest chef; Paresh and Renuka's youngest son; Tejas and Sachin's brother; Riya's husband (2024–present)
*Vaishali Arora as Riya Banerjee Deshmukh: A dubbing artist; Mamta and Joy's daughter; Akash's wife (2024–present)
*[[Shama Deshpande]] as Savitri Deshmukh: Paresh's mother; Tejas, Sachin and Akash's grandmother; Krish's step-great-grandmother (2024–present)
*Sneha Raikar/Unknown as Shobha Jadhav: An honest florist; Alok's widow; Sailee, Juhi and Dilip's mother (2024–2025)/(2026-present)
*Ravi Mahashabde as Alok Jadhav: Shobha's late husband; Sailee, Juhi and Dilip's father (2024)
*Pari Bhatti/Rachel Babbar/Tanu Upadhyay: as Juhi Jadhav: Shobha and Alok's younger daughter; Sailee and Dilip's sister; Akash's friend; Arun's wife (2024–2025)/(2025–2026)/(2026–present)
*Sahil Balani as Dilip "Baadu" Jadhav: Shobha and Alok's son; Sailee and Juhi's brother (2024–present)
*Anuja Lokre as Supriya: Kalyani's mother; Krish's grandmother (2024–present)
*Saarth Kumar as Krish: Kalyani and Satish's son; Tejas' step-son (2024–present)
*Akshita Vatsayan as Vidya: Kalyani's best friend (2024)
*Smita Sinkar Shah as Shakuntala "Shaku"; Renuka's best friend (2024–present)
*Vikash Tiwari as Anish "Anya": Sachin's best friend (2024–present)
*[[Hemant Choudhary]] as Joy Banerjee: Mamta's husband; Riya's father; Paresh's former employer (2024–present)
*Unknown/Simran Gangwani/[[Ginnie Virdi]]/Jaswinder Gardner as Mamta Banerjee: Joy's wife; Riya's mother (2024)/(2024–2025)/(2025)/(2025–present)
*Navdeep Gujjar as Sudhakar: A loan shark; Sailee's one-sided obsessive love interest, stalker and enemy; Sachin's enemy (2024)
*Akash Aggarwal as Kishore: Paresh's best friend; Sushma's husband; Bhavana's father (2024–present)
*Amit Kumar as Sandeep (2026–present)
*Abhaykant Mishra as Chitti: A criminal and loan shark; Dilip's former employer; Sachin and Sailee's enemy (2024–present)
*Afreen Alvi/Anshu Zarbade as Esha: Tejas' ex-girlfriend (2024; 2025)
*[[Rajkumar Kanojia]] as Sultan "Kiran": A butcher and a meat shop owner; Kalyani's fake uncle (2024–2025)
*[[Guddi Maruti]] as Mandira: A dishonest decorator and florist; Sailee's enemy (2025–present)
*[[Krip Suri]] as Arun: A dishonest police officer; Saraswati's son; Sachin's enemy; Juhi's husband (2025–present)
*[[Krissann Barretto]] as Sonali: A hotel manager (2025)
*[[Tassnim Sheikh|Tasneem Sheikh]] as Pari: Renu's friend (2025)
*Pankaj Avadhesh Shukla as Chandu: Sailee's stalker (2025)
*[[Ajay Chaudhary]] as Ranjeet: A thief; Sachin's ex-friend and enemy (2025)
*Anushka Bajpayee as Neetu: An honest businesswoman; Akash's boss (2025–present)
*Saundarya as Manjiri: Deshmukh family's maid (2025 ; 2026)
*Ajay Raju as Drunk Man (2025)
*Rohit Gill as Police inspector (2025)
*Hemnt Bharrti as Anant: Sailee's former one-sided love interest; Sachin's friend; Shikha's husband (2025, 2026)
*[[Mohammad Nazim]] as Vikas Singhania (2025)
*Shrashti Maheshwari as Sheetal: Vikas's assistant, ex love interest and enemy (2025)
*Himanshi Parahar as Simran (2026)
*Nandini Thakur as Saraswati: Arun's mother; Sachin's enemy (2025–2026)
*Kapil Kumar as A financer; Tejas'enemy (2026-present)
*Unknown as Ajay: A con artist, fraud and thief; Kalyani and Tejas' enemy (2025)
*Unknown as Neeraj Wadekar: An honest police inspector: Arun's superior officer (2024–present)
*Unknown as Mr. Santoshi: An honest businessman; Paresh's business partner; Sachin's well-wisher; Tejas' former business partner (2025)
*Unknown a Sushma: Kishore's wife; Bhavana's mother (2025)
*Unknown as Shikha: Kalyani's best friend; Anant's wife (2025-present)

==Accolades==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year !! Award !! Category !! Nominee !! Result
|-
| rowspan="8" | 2024
| rowspan= "8" | [[Indian Television Academy Awards]]
| Best Serial
| Udne Ki Aasha
|{{won}}<ref>https://www.imdb.com/event/ev0001931/2024/1/</ref>
|-
|Best Actress (Drama)
|Neha Harsora
|{{won}}<ref>https://www.imdb.com/event/ev0001931/2024/1/</ref>
|-
|Best Actor (Drama)
|[[Kanwar Dhillon]]
|{{nom}}<ref>https://www.imdb.com/event/ev0001931/2024/1/</ref>
|-
|Best Actor in a Supporting Role
|[[Sanjay Narvekar]]
|{{won}}<ref>https://www.imdb.com/event/ev0001931/2024/1/</ref>
|-
|Best Actress in a Negative Role
|Radhika Vidyasagar
|{{nom}}<ref>https://www.imdb.com/event/ev0001931/2024/1/</ref>
|-
|Best Dialogue (Drama)
|Yash Kumar Sharda
|{{won}}<ref>https://www.imdb.com/event/ev0001931/2024/1/</ref>
|-
|Best Story
|Radhika Srinivasan
|{{won}}<ref>https://www.imdb.com/event/ev0001931/2024/1/</ref>
|-
|Best Teleplay
|Medha Jadhav
|{{won}}<ref>https://www.imdb.com/event/ev0001931/2024/1/</ref>
|-
| rowspan="11" | 2025
| rowspan="11" | Indian Telly Awards
|-
| Best Actor in a Lead Role
| [[Kanwar Dhillon]]
| {{won}}<ref>https://www.imdb.com/event/ev0004366/2025/1/</ref>
|-
| Best Actor in a Supporting Role
| Sanjay Narvekar
| {{nom}}<ref>https://www.imdb.com/event/ev0004366/2025/1/</ref>
|-
| Best Actress in a Negative Role/Fan Favourite Negative Actress
| Radhika Vidyasagar
| {{nom}}<ref>https://www.imdb.com/event/ev0004366/2025/1/</ref>
|-
| Best Drama Series
| Udne Ki Aasha
| {{won}}<ref>https://www.indiantellyawards.com/winners.html</ref>
|-
| Best Onscreen Couple
| [[Kanwar Dhillon]] and Neha Harsora
| {{won}}<ref>https://www.imdb.com/event/ev0004366/2025/1/</ref>
|-
| Fan Favorite Actress
| Neha Harsora
| {{nom}}<ref>https://www.imdb.com/event/ev0004366/2025/1/</ref>
|-
| Fan Favourite Supporting Actor
| Sanjay Narvekar
| {{won}}<ref>https://www.indiantellyawards.com/winners.html</ref>
|-
| Editor's Choice: Best Actor in a Supporting Role
| Puru Chhiber
| {{won}}<ref>https://www.indiantellyawards.com/winners.html</ref>
|-
| Best TV Cameraman (Fiction)
| Dannie
| {{won}}<ref>https://www.indiantellyawards.com/winners.html</ref>
|-
| Best Showrunner
| Rahul Tewary, Srinivasan B./ Radhika Srinivasan
| {{won}}<ref>https://www.indiantellyawards.com/winners.html</ref>
|}

==Production==
===Development===
The concept was developed in December 2023 and the first promo was released in February 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gupta|first=Akanksha|date=13 February 2024|title=Udne Ki Aasha: Interesting promo of the show 'Udne Ki Aasha' released, Kanwar Dhillon and Neha Harsora's pair will rock|website=[[Amar Ujala]] |url=https://www.amarujala.com/entertainment/kanwar-dhillon-and-neha-harsora-new-show-udne-ki-asha-first-intriguing-promo-out-actor-excited-about-it-2024-02-13|access-date=11 November 2024 |language=hi}}</ref>

===Casting===
In January 2024, Neha Harsora was cast to play the female lead,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hungama |first=Bollywood |date=10 May 2024 |title=
Udne Ki Aasha actress Neha Harsora opens up about an upcoming plot twist; says, "Sailee will take a stand for herself and her self-respect"|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/udne-ki-aasha-actress-neha-harsora-opens-upcoming-plot-twist-says-sailee-will-take-stand-self-respect/|access-date=11 November 2024 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Hungama |first=Bollywood |date=10 April 2024 |title=Udne Ki Aasha actress Neha Harsora shares insights about the new intriguing promo about her marriage; says, "The life of Sailee after her wedding with Sachin is going to be difficult" |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/udne-ki-aasha-actress-neha-harsora-shares-insights-new-intriguing-promo-marriage-says-life-sailee-wedding-sachin-going-difficult/ |access-date=11 November 2024 |language=en |archive-date=9 October 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241009082027/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/udne-ki-aasha-actress-neha-harsora-shares-insights-new-intriguing-promo-marriage-says-life-sailee-wedding-sachin-going-difficult/ |url-status=live }}</ref> while [[Kanwar Dhillon]] was cast as the male lead.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hungama |first=Bollywood |date=9 September 2024 |title=
Udne Ki Aasha: Kanwar Dhillon opens up about the Ganesh Chaturthi special Mahasaptah episodes; says, "Audiences can expect high-voltage drama in the lives of Sachin and Sailee"|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/udne-ki-aasha-kanwar-dhillon-opens-ganesh-chaturthi-special-mahasaptah-episodes-says-audiences-can-expect-high-voltage-drama-lives-sachin-sailee/|access-date=11 November 2024 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=8 March 2024|title=Drunk boy, responsible wife... A new serial 'Udne Ki Asha' is knocking on TV, know everything from the cast to the story|website=[[Zee News]]|url=https://zeenews.india.com/hindi/entertainment/television/new-tv-serial-udne-ki-asha-cast-story-date-timing-know-all-about-show/2147349|access-date=11 November 2024|language=hi|archive-date=4 December 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241204172711/https://zeenews.india.com/hindi/entertainment/television/new-tv-serial-udne-ki-asha-cast-story-date-timing-know-all-about-show/2147349|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Ratings===
The show entered the list of the top five most rated shows of BARC in its opening week.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=22 March 2024 |title=Neha Harsora Reacts As Udne Ki Aasha Enters TRP List: 'Lots Of People Had High Hopes' - Exclusive |website=[[Times Now]] |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/tv/neha-harsora-reacts-as-udne-ki-aasha-enters-trp-list-lots-of-people-had-high-hopes-exclusive-article-108697516 |access-date=11 November 2024 |language=en |archive-date=7 December 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241207054415/https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/tv/neha-harsora-reacts-as-udne-ki-aasha-enters-trp-list-lots-of-people-had-high-hopes-exclusive-article-108697516 |url-status=live }}</ref> In week 47, it was one of the top 3 shows.<ref>{{Cite web |last=|first=|date=22 March 2024 |title=TRP Race Week 47: So let's dive into the top 10 shows that kept audiences glued to their screens this week|website=[[Times Now]] |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/tv/trp-race-week-47-anupamaa-reclaims-number-1-position-again-after-two-week-setback-article-115763818|access-date=11 November 2024 |language=en}}</ref> Since week 48, the show is consistently in competition with ''[[Anupamaa]]'' to occupy the top spot.<ref>{{Cite web |last=|first=|date=5 December 2024 |title=TRP Race Week 48: Kanwar Dhillon-Neha Harsora's Udne Ki Aasha TOPS The List, Dethrones Anupamaa|website=[[Times Now]] |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/tv/trp-race-week-48-kanwar-dhillon-neha-harsoras-udne-ki-aasha-tops-the-list-dethrones-anupamaa-article-115998733|access-date=11 April 2025|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=10 April 2025|title=TRP Race Week 13: Udne Ki Aasha Dethrones Anupamaa, See Top 10 Shows|website=[[Times Now]]|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/tv/trp-race-week-13-udne-ki-aasha-dethrones-anupamaa-see-top-10-shows-article-151387659|access-date=11 April 2025|language=en|archive-date=10 April 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250410162048/https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/tv/trp-race-week-13-udne-ki-aasha-dethrones-anupamaa-see-top-10-shows-article-151387659|url-status=live}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb title|tt31548582}}
*[https://www.hotstar.com/in/shows/udne-ki-aasha/1271270408 ''Udne Ki Aasha''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250410223434/https://www.hotstar.com/in/shows/udne-ki-aasha/1271270408 |date=10 April 2025 }} on [[Disney+ Hotstar]]

{{Star Plus Shows}}

[[Category:2024 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:Indian drama television series]]
[[Category:StarPlus original programming]]
[[Category:Hindi-language television shows]]
[[Category:Television shows set in Mumbai]]
[[Category:Indian television soap operas]]

Deepa Shankar

2026-05-08T04:32:33Z

FerminDodson605:

{{Short description|Indian actress}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2022}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Deepa Shankar
| image = Deepa Shankar.jpg
| image_upright = yes
| birth_name = Deepa
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1978|06|10}}
| birth_place = [[Chennai]], [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]]
| caption = Deepa in 2021
| other_names = Deepa Akka<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/vijay-tvs-deepa-akka-opens-up-about-sivakarthikeyans-wife-4735478.html |title=Vijay TV's Deepa Akka Opens Up About Sivakarthikeyan's Wife |date=4 February 2022 |website=News18 |access-date=16 July 2022 |archive-date=17 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220217203220/https://www.news18.com/news/movies/vijay-tvs-deepa-akka-opens-up-about-sivakarthikeyans-wife-4735478.html |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://tamil.news18.com/news/entertainment/television-sivakarthikeyan-wife-aarthi-aaradhana-vijay-tv-deepa-akka-about-actor-sivakarthikeyan-wife-viral-video-sk-aarthi-sre-683301.html |title=நான் நினைச்ச மாறி அவங்க இல்லை... சிவகார்த்திகேயன் மனைவி பற்றி விஜய் டிவி தீபா அக்கா சொன்ன உண்மை! |date=3 February 2022 |website=News18 Tamil |access-date=16 July 2022 |archive-date=3 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220203104820/https://tamil.news18.com/news/entertainment/television-sivakarthikeyan-wife-aarthi-aaradhana-vijay-tv-deepa-akka-about-actor-sivakarthikeyan-wife-viral-video-sk-aarthi-sre-683301.html |url-status=live}}</ref>
| occupation = {{hlist|Actress|Television personality|YouTuber|Dance teacher}}
| education = Kumaraguru College of Arts and Science
| years_active = 2002-present
| spouse = Shankar
| children = 2
| relatives = 
| website =
| module =
}}
'''Deepa Shankar''' is an Indian actress who works in the Tamil film and television industries.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://tamil.news18.com/news/entertainment/television-actress-deepa-shankar-in-modern-dress-with-her-husband-1-vin-ghta-545551.html |title=கணவருடன் சேர்ந்து மாடர்ன் டிரெஸ்ஸில் கலக்கும் குக் வித் கோமாளி புகழ் நடிகை தீபா! |date=27 August 2021 |website=News18 Tamil |access-date=16 July 2022 |archive-date=23 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220523062458/https://tamil.news18.com/news/entertainment/television-actress-deepa-shankar-in-modern-dress-with-her-husband-1-vin-ghta-545551.html |url-status=live}}</ref>

==Early life and career ==
She moved on from Thoothukudi to Coimbatore for her higher education at Kumaraguru College of Arts and Science. She auditioned for ''[[Metti Oli]]'' in which she was selected for a supporting role, which was her first on-screen role. After working in television, she was noticed for her role in ''[[Doctor (2021 film)|Doctor]]'' (2021) for which one critic wrote that she had "imppecable comic timing".<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/opinion-entertainment/nelson-dilipkumar-character-sivakarthikeyan-doctor-7568111/ |title=Doctor: From Redin Kingsley to Yogi Babu, 6 actors who shine in Sivakarthikeyan-starrer |date=12 October 2021 |access-date=16 July 2022 |archive-date=12 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211012132933/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/opinion-entertainment/nelson-dilipkumar-character-sivakarthikeyan-doctor-7568111/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="auto">{{Cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/doctor/movie-review/86887365.cms |title=Doctor Movie Review: Doctor is a deliciously dark comedy |work=The Times of India |access-date=16 July 2022 |archive-date=7 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210207074311/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/doctor/movie-review/86887365.cms |url-status=live}}</ref> Another critic opined that "Then, there is Deepa Shankar, who gets some of the film’s funniest lines, and is great with physical comedy".<ref name="auto"/><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://thefederal.com/entertainment/ott-crazy-surreal-tamil-film-doctor-chasing-cleopatras-eggs-wild-adventure/ |title=OTT: Crazy, surreal Tamil film Doctor, chasing Cleopatra's eggs & wild adventure |date=12 November 2021 |website=The Federal |access-date=16 July 2022 |archive-date=16 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220716105256/https://thefederal.com/entertainment/ott-crazy-surreal-tamil-film-doctor-chasing-cleopatras-eggs-wild-adventure/ |url-status=live}}</ref>

On the TV front, Deepa made a mark with her appearance on the reality show ''[[Cooku with Comali season 2]]''. She also participated in another reality show ''[[Mr and Mrs Chinnathirai]]'' along with her husband Shankar. She is playing a guest role in the popular romantic TV show ''[[Abhi Tailor]]''.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Deepa Shankar plays a cameo in Abhi Tailor |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/deepa-shankar-plays-a-cameo-in-abhi-tailor/articleshow/87605972.cms |access-date=2021-09-09 |work=The Times of India}}</ref>

==Filmography==
===Films===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year !! Title !! Role !! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Notes
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2009 ||''[[Mayandi Kudumbathar]]'' || Mayakka Sonakkarupu ||
|-
|''[[Vedigundu Murugesan]]'' || Ponni ||
|-
|2016 || ''[[Kidaari]]'' || Ponnamma ||
|-
|rowspan="2"| 2018 || ''[[Semma]]'' || Muthupechi ||
|-
|''[[Kadaikutty Singam]]'' || Velunachiar Rani ||
|-
| rowspan="3"| 2019 || ''[[Magamuni]]'' || Gomathy ||
|-
|''[[Sillu Karuppatti]]'' || Cashier ||
|-
|''[[Sangathamizhan]]'' || Murugan's sister ||
|-
|2020 || ''[[Pon Manickavel (film)|Pon Manickavel]]'' || Victim's mother ||
|-
| rowspan="8"| 2021 || ''[[Aelay]]'' || Village school teacher ||
|-
|''[[Mandela (2021 film)|Mandela]]'' || Rathnam's wife ||
|-
|''[[Paramapadham Vilayattu]]'' || Chezhiyan's supporter ||
|-
| ''[[Devadas Brothers]]'' || Jegathesh's mother ||
|-
|''[[Rudra Thandavam (2021 film)|Rudhra Thandavam]]'' || Maaran's mother ||
|-
|''[[Doctor (2021 film)|Doctor]]'' || Preethi || Won, [[10th South Indian International Movie Awards|SIIMA Award for Best Comedian]]
|-
|''[[Udanpirappe]]'' || Vairavan's sister-in-law ||
|-
|''[[Jango (2021 film)|Jango]]'' || Servant ||
|-
| rowspan="4" | 2022 || ''[[Veetla Vishesham]]'' || Deepa ||
|-
|''[[Ward 126]]'' || Neighbour ||
|-
|''[[The Legend (2022 film)|The Legend]]'' || Volunteer's wife ||
|-
|''[[DSP (film)|DSP]]'' || Pandiyamma ||
|-
| rowspan="10" |2023 ||''[[Soppana Sundari]]'' || Selvi Amma ||
|-
|''[[Rudhran]]'' || Karpagam ||
|-
| ''[[Deiva Machan]]'' || Manjula ||
|-
| ''[[Kathar Basha Endra Muthuramalingam]]'' || ||
|-
|''[[Raavana Kottam]]'' || Deepa ||
|-
| ''[[Thandatti]]'' || Thangaponnu's daughter ||
|-
|''[[DD Returns]]'' || Mallika ||
|-
|''[[Let's Get Married (2023 film)|Let's Get Married]]'' || Selvi ||
|-
| ''[[License (film)|License]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Va Varalam Va]]'' || ||
|-
| rowspan=10 | 2024 || ''[[Aalakaalam]]'' || Amudha ||
|-
| ''[[Pon Ondru Kanden]]'' || Karpagam ||
|-
| ''[[Ninnu Vilayadu]]'' || Velu's mother ||
|-
| ''[[Oru Nodi]]'' || Ponnuthayi ||
|-
| ''[[Saamaniyan]]'' || Lakshmi ||
|-
| ''[[Haraa (film)|Haraa]]'' || Judge ||
|-
| ''[[Indian 2]]'' || Thambesh's sister ||
|-
| ''[[Veerayi Makkal]]'' || Vadivu ||
|-
| ''[[Pogumidam Vegu Thooramillai]]'' || Avudaiyammal ||
|-
| ''[[Rajakili]]'' || Deivanai ||
|-
| rowspan="15" | 2025 || ''Kalan'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Madraskaaran]]'' || Sathya's aunt ||
|-
| ''[[Kaadhal Enbadhu Podhu Udamai]]'' || Mary ||
|-
|''[[Dragon (2025 film)|Dragon]]'' || Maid ||
|-
|''[[Perusu]]'' || Sundari ||
|-
|''[[Robber (film)|Robber]]'' || Sathya's mother ||
|-
|''[[Pei Kottu]]'' || Deepa ||
|-
| ''[[Test (2025 film)|Test]]'' || Karpagam ||
|-
|''[[Vallamai]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Peranbum Perungobamum]]'' || ||
|-
| ''Aakkiramippu'' || ||
|-
|''[[Thalaivan Thalaivii]]'' || Pottu ||
|-
| ''[[Vaanaran]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Aan Paavam Pollathathu]]'' || Maid ||
|-
| ''[[Madharas Mafia Company]]'' || ||
|-
| rowspan="2"| 2026 || ''[[Vadam]]'' || || <ref>{{Cite web |last=|date=2026-03-09 |title=“வடம்” திரைப்பட விமர்சனம் |url=https://www.dailythanthi.com/cinema/movie-review/vadam-movie-review |access-date=2026-03-09 |website=Daily Thanthi |language=ta}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[TN 2026]]'' || Andalamma ||
|-
|}

===Television===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Year
! Title
! Role
!Channel
!Notes
|-
|2002–2003
|''[[Metti Oli]]''
|Meena
|rowspan="8"|[[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]]
|Acting Debut
|-
|2005–2006
|''Muhurtham''
|
|
|-
|2005–2007
|''[[Malargal]]''
|Revathy
|
|-
|2006–2009
|''[[Kolangal (TV series)|Kolangal]]''
|Sundhari Rajesh
|
|-
|2007–2010
|''[[Megala (TV series)|Megala]]''
|Thamarai
|
|-
|2012–2013
|''[[Karthigai Pengal]]''
|
|
|-
|2015
|''[[Vani Rani (TV series)|Vani Rani]]''
|Muthupechi
|
|-
|2014–2017
|''[[Maragatha Veenai (TV series)|Maragatha Veenai]]''
|Sundari
|
|-
|2016–2018
|''[[Saravanan Meenatchi (season 3)|Saravanan Meenatchi (season 2)]]''
|Pazhaniyammal
|[[Star Vijay|Vijay TV]]
|
|-
|2018–2020
|rowspan="2"|''[[Lakshmi Stores]]''
|Ponnamma
|[[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]]
|Bilingual TV series
|-
|2019
|Shanthamma
|[[Gemini TV]]
|
|-
|2019
|''[[Bharathi Kannamma (2019 TV series)|Bharathi Kannamma]]''
|Shenbagam
|[[Star Vijay]]
|Photo appearance only
|-
|2019–2020
|''[[Nachiyarpuram|Nachiyapuram]]''
|Saraswathi
|[[Zee Tamil]]
|
|-
|2020–2022
|''[[Senthoora Poove (TV series)|Senthoora Poove]]''
|Mariamma
|[[Star Vijay]]
|
|-
|2020–2021
|''[[Anbudan Kushi]]''
|Rajeshwari
| rowspan="5" style=" text-align:center;" | [[Star Vijay]]||
|-
| 2020-2021 ||''[[Cooku with Comali (season 2)|Cooku With Comali Season 2]]''|| Contestant
|
|-
|2021
|''[[Mr and Mrs Chinnathirai]] season 3''
|Contestant
|
|-
| 2021
|''[[Comedy Raja Kalakkal Rani]]''
|2nd Runner-up
|
|-
|2022
|''Raju Vootla Party''
|Raju's mother
|
|-

|rowspan="2"|2022
|''[[Abhi Tailor]]''
|Kamakshi
|rowspan="2"|[[Colors Tamil]]
|Cameo appearance<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/deepa-shankar-plays-a-cameo-in-abhi-tailor/articleshow/87605972.cms |title=Deepa Shankar plays a cameo in Abhi Tailor |website=The Times of India |access-date=16 July 2022 |archive-date=7 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211207211924/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/deepa-shankar-plays-a-cameo-in-abhi-tailor/articleshow/87605972.cms |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Idhu Solla Marandha Kadhai]]''
|Chandrakala
|
|-
|2022–2024
|''[[Meenakshi Ponnunga]]''
|Shantha
|rowspan="2"|[[Zee Tamil]]
|
|-
|2023
|''Vidhya No.1''
|Deepa Laxmi
|Cameo Appearance
|-
|2023
|''[[Bharathi Kannamma 2]]''
|Bhakyalakshmi
|[[Star Vijay]]
|
|-
|2024
|''[[Seetha Raman]]''
|Sevappi
|[[Zee Tamil]]
|-
|2024
|''[[Top Cooku Dupe Cooku (season 1)]]''
|Dupe Cooku
|[[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]]
|
|-
|2025
|''[[Parijatham (2025 TV series)|Parijatham]]''
|Pattammal
|rowspan="2"|[[Zee Tamil]]
|Cameo Appearance
|-
|2026
|''[[Gettimelam]]''
|Sakuntala
|Cameo Appearance
|}

===Dubbing Artist===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year
! Actress
! Title
! Notes
|-
|2008
|[[Poornima Indrajith]]
|''[[Kolangal (TV series)|Kolangal]]''
|Dubbed for Chellamma character
|-
|2019|| [[Rama (actress)|Rama]] || ''[[Namma Veetu Pillai]]'' ||
|-
|2025
|Radha
|''[[Ethirneechal (TV series)|Ethirneechal Thodargirathu]]''
|Dubbed for Sub-Inspector Thamaraiselvi character
|}

==Awards and nominations==

{| class="wikitable"
!scope="col" | Year
!scope="col" | Work
!scope="col" | Award
!scope="col" | Category
!scope="col" | Result
!scope="col" | Ref.
|-
| rowspan="2" |2021
| rowspan="2" |''Anbudan Kushi''
| rowspan="2" |[[Vijay Television Awards]]
|Best Mother
|{{Nom}}
|
|-
|Best Mamiyar
|{{Nom}}
|
|-
| rowspan="1" |2022
| rowspan="1" |''[[Doctor (2021 film)|Doctor]]''
| rowspan="1" |[[10th South Indian International Movie Awards]]
|Best Actor in a Comic Role (Tamil)
|{{won}}
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/minnal-murali-and-doctor-win-big-in-siima-2022-check-out-the-details-here/articleshow/94145372.cms|title=‘Minnal Murali’ and ‘Doctor’ win big in ‘SIIMA 2022'. Check out the details here!|date=12 September 2022|work= The Times of India}}</ref>
|-
|2023
|''Meenakshi Ponnunga''
|Zee Tamil Kudumba Virudugal 2022
|Best Comedian
|{{Nom}}
|
|-
|2023
|''Vidhya No.1''
|Zee Tamil Golden Moments Awards - 2023
|Best Comedian
|{{won}}
|
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

== External links ==
*{{IMDb name|7211198}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Shankar, Deepa}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Actresses in Tamil cinema]]
[[Category:Actresses in Tamil television]]
[[Category:Cooku with Comali contestants]]
[[Category:1978 births]]

Siege of Bankibazar

2026-05-06T17:43:43Z

FerminDodson605: Done

{{Short description|1744 siege in Hooghly}}
{{Infobox military conflict
| conflict = Siege of Bankibazar
| place = [[Ichapore]], [[Hooghly River]], [[Bengal Subah]]
| image = Map of European Trading Settlements on the Ganges (1726).jpg
| caption = European trading settlements on the Hooghly River including Bankibazar, Francois Harrewyn {{Circa|1726}}
| result = [[Bengal Subah]] victory{{Bulleted list|Fall of [[Austrian Netherlands]] colony of [[Ichapore|Bankibazar]]}}
| territory = [[Bankipur (Bengal)|Bankibazar]] annexed to the [[Bengal Subah]]
| combatant1 = {{flagicon image|Bengal subah flag (Nautical).svg}} [[Bengal Subah]]
| combatant2 = [[File:Ostend company flag.png|23px]] [[Ostend Company]]
| commander1 = {{flagicon image|Bengal subah flag (Nautical).svg}} [[Mir Jafar]] {{flagicon image|Bengal subah flag (Nautical).svg}} Sayeed Ahmed Khan {{flagicon image|Bengal subah flag (Nautical).svg}} Subhan Singh {{flagicon image|Bengal subah flag (Nautical).svg}} Husain Raza Khan
| commander2 = [[File:Ostend company flag.png|23px]] {{Interlanguage link|François de Schonamille|nl}}
| strength1 = 10,000 cavalry
| strength2 = Unknown
| casualties1 = Unknown
| casualties2 = 2 ships captured
| date = 22 September 1744
| map_type = West Bengal#India
| map_relief = yes
| map_size = 220
| map_mark = Big battle symbol.svg
| map_marksize = 12
| map_label = '''Siege of Bankibazar'''
| coordinates = {{Coord|22|48|04.35|N|88|22|10.78|E|region:IN|display=inline,title}}
}}
The '''Siege of Bankibazar''' was a military action in September 1744 in which forces of the [[Nawabs of Bengal|Nawab of Bengal]], [[Alivardi Khan]] ({{Reign|1740|1756}}), attacked the chief factory of the [[Ostend Company]] at [[Ichapore|Bankibazar]] near Hooghly. A dispute over customs duties and accusations of aiding the [[Maratha Empire|Marathas]] led to clashes between the Ostenders and the [[faujdar]] of [[Hooghly district|Hooghly]]. After the [[Germans]] repelled a Mughal attack and routed their camp in a surprise night assault, Alivardi Khan ordered [[Mir Jafar]] to besiege the factory with 10,000 troops. The Ostend settlement was quickly abandoned, with contemporary accounts suggesting Mir Jafar accepted a bribe allowing the Germans to escape unharmed. The siege effectively ended the Ostend Company's presence in Bengal.

== Background ==
In 1724, the [[Ostend Company]]'s first ship, the ''Emperor Charles'', arrived in Bengal. Though the ship was lost on the [[Ganges]], its crew occupied [[Ichapore|Bankibazar]] and built temporary houses. Within two years, three more ships arrived, and the Ostend factory quickly grew prominent. The factors soon replaced thatched huts with brick houses and walled the settlement. After a brief period of success, the company faced strong opposition from the [[East India Company|English]], [[Dutch East India Company|Dutch]], and [[French East India Company|French]]. In 1727, the Austrian monarch [[Maria Theresa]] ({{Reign|1740|1780}}) of the [[House of Habsburg|Habsburg]] revoked its charter and banned trade with the East Indies for seven years. Despite this, the Ostenders continued trading in Bengal.<ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Roy|1968|p=453}}{{Break}}{{Harvard citation no brackets|Sarkar|1943|p=420}}</ref><ref name=":0" />

== Siege ==
[[File:Drawing Banquibazar.jpg|thumb|Illustration of Bankibazar, {{Circa|1730}}]]
The chief settlement of the Ostend Company in India was established at Bankibazar. There, the [[Austrian flags|Austrian flag]] was hoisted, and trade was carried on under its protection hence the enterprise was often referred to as the German Company.<ref name="Sarkar 1943 420">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Sarkar|1943|p=420}}</ref> During the [[Maratha invasions of Bengal|Maratha invasions]], Sayeed Ahmad was appointed by Alivardi Khan to the post of faujdar of Hooghly. During his tenure, Sayeed Ahmad became embroiled in a dispute with the German traders at Hooghly over customs duties. The company's chief, Francois de Schonamille, was accused of aiding the Marathas and asked to pay a large indemnity. Then, situation escalated when one of his officers, Subhan Singh, imposed oppressive measures that provoked the Germans to launch a night attack on the Hooghly fort on 22 September 1744. The assault was repelled by the guards, forcing the Germans to retreat by boat the following morning. Though the town was set ablaze, two ships with valuable cargo were captured. In retaliation, Sayeed Ahmad dispatched Husain Raza Khan and Subhan Singh with a strong force to besiege the German factory. However, lacking military experience and lulled into a false sense of security, they encamped in the garden of the merchant [[Omichund|Omichand]] near Hooghly. At midnight, the Germans mounted a surprise attack, throwing the camp into confusion and compelling the Mughal troops to flee. On hearing of this setback, Alivardi Khan ordered [[Mir Jafar|Mir Jafar Khan]] to punish the Germans. Mir Jafar acting at the instigation of English and Dutch traders, laid siege to Bankibazar with 10,000 troops. The factory was soon abandoned. Contemporary accounts suggest that Mir Jafar may have accepted bribe from the Germans, allowing them to escape unharmed.<ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Datta|1939|p=93}}</ref><ref name="Sarkar 1943 420"/><ref name=":0">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Wilson|2023|p=179}}</ref>

== Aftermath ==
Schonamille and a few companions managed to escape, sailing down the Ganges and eventually taking refuge in [[Bago, Myanmar|Pegu]], Burma.<ref name=":0" /> Three years later, Schonamille was killed in a skirmish among European traders. His companions continued piracy in the sea. Only a military factory in [[Ichapore]] exists in the place of the former Ostend colony.<ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Wanner|2009|p=118}}</ref>

== See also ==

* [[Siege of Hooghly]]
* [[Anglo-Mughal war (1686–1690)|Anglo-Mughal war]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== Bibliography ==
{{refbegin}}
* {{Cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.24396 |title=The History of Bengal |publisher=B.R. Publishing Corporation |year=1943 |isbn=81-7646-239-X |editor-last=Sarkar |editor-first=Jadunath |editor-link=Jadunath Sarkar |volume=II: Muslim Period |location=Delhi}}
* {{cite book |last=Roy |first=Atul Chandra |title=History of Bengal: Mughal Period, 1526-1765 A.D. |url=https://books.google.com/books/about/History_of_Bengal.html?id=AacsAAAAMAAJ |year=1968 |publisher=Nababharat Publishers |volume=3 |location=Calcutta |archive-url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.532589/mode/2up |archive-date=2017-01-23}}
* {{Cite book |last=Datta |first=Kalikinkar |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.279485 |title=Alivardi and His Times |date=1939 |publisher=University of Calcutta |language=en}}
* {{Cite journal |last=Wanner |first=Michal |date=2009-01-01 |title=Bankibazar – Ostend and Imperial Factory in Bengal 1722-1744 |url=https://www.academia.edu/44078419/Bankibazar_Ostend_and_Imperial_Factory_in_Bengal_1722_1744 |journal=Prague PHIR}}
* {{Cite book |last=Wilson |first=Charles Robert |url=https://books.google.com/books/about/Old_Fort_William_in_Bengal.html?id=gUMZ0AEACAAJ |title=Old Fort William in Bengal: A Selection of Official Documents Dealing With Its History; Volume 2 |date=2023-07-18 |publisher=Creative Media Partners, LLC |isbn=978-1-02-190149-1 |language=en}}
{{refend}}

[[Category:1740s in India]]
[[Category:Wars involving the Bengal Subah]]
[[Category:Conflicts in 1744]]

Behala Purba Assembly constituency

2026-05-06T14:35:24Z

FerminDodson605: added info...

{{Short description|West Bengal Legislative Assembly constituency}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2024}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Behala Purba
| type = SLA
| map_image = {{Maplink|frame=yes|plain=y|frame-width=300|frame-height=300|frame-align=center|type=shape|from=Vidhan Sabha constituencies/West Bengal/Behala Purba.map}}
| map_caption = Interactive Map Outlining Behala Purba Assembly Constituency
| map_alt =
| mla = [[Sankar Sikder]]
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| alliance =
| latest_election_year = [[2026 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2026]]
| state = [[West Bengal]]
| district = [[South 24 Parganas]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Kolkata Dakshin (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kolkata Dakshin]]
| constituency_no = 153
| established = 1951
| electors = 308,157
| reservation = None
| abolished =
}}

'''Behala Purba Assembly constituency''' (earlier known as '''Behala East Assembly constituency''') is a [[Vidhan Sabha|Legislative Assembly]] constituency of [[South 24 Parganas district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[West Bengal]].

==Overview==
As per order of the [[Delimitation Commission of India|Delimitation Commission]] in respect of the [[Delimitation of constituencies]] in the [[West Bengal]], Behala Purba Assembly constituency is composed of the following:
* Ward Nos. [[Ward No. 115, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|115]], [[Ward No. 116, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|116]], [[Ward No. 117, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|117]], [[Ward No. 120, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|120]], [[Ward No. 121, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|121]], [[Ward No. 122, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|122]], [[Ward No. 123, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|123]], [[Ward No. 124, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|124]], [[Ward No. 142, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|142]], [[Ward No. 143, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|143]] and [[Ward No. 144, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|144]] of [[Kolkata Municipal Corporation]].

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
! Borough
! Ward No.
! [[2021 Kolkata Municipal Corporation election|Councillor]]
! colspan="2" |2021 Winner
|-
|rowspan=4|XIII
|[[Ward No. 115, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|115]]
|Ratna Sur
|{{Full party name with color|Trinamool Congress|rowspan=14}}
|-
|[[Ward No. 116, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|116]]
|Krishna Singh
|-
|[[Ward No. 117, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|117]]
|Amit Singh
|-
|[[Ward No. 120, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|120]]
|Susanta Ghosh
|-
|XIV
|[[Ward No. 121, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|121]]
|Rupak Ganguly
|-
|XIII
|[[Ward No. 122, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|122]]
|Soma Chakraborty
|-
|rowspan=5|XVI
|[[Ward No. 123, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|123]]
|Sudip Polley
|-
|[[Ward No. 124, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|124]]
|Rajib Kumar Das
|-
|[[Ward No. 142, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|142]]
|Raghunath Patra
|-
|[[Ward No. 143, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|143]]
|Christina Biswas
|-
|[[Ward No. 144, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|144]]
|Shefali Pramanik
|}

Behala Purba Assembly constituency is part of No. 23 [[Kolkata Dakshin Lok Sabha constituency]].<ref name=delimitation>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/delim/Final_Publications/WestBengal/FINAL%20ORDER%20NOTIFICATION_English.pdf | title = Delimitation Commission Order No. 18 dated 15 February 2006 | access-date=25 October 2010|work = West Bengal| publisher=Election Commission of India}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url =http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/LS_2004/Vol_III_LS_2004.pdf | title = Statistical Report on General Elections, 2004 to the 14th Lok Sabha | access-date = 1 November 2010 | work = Volume III Details For Assembly Segments of Parliamentary Constituencies | publisher = Election Commission of India | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20101006140327/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_2004/Vol_III_LS_2004.pdf| archive-date= 6 October 2010 | url-status= live}}</ref>

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Year
!Name
!colspan=2|Party
|-
!colspan="4"|''Behala''
|-
|[[1952 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1952]]
|Biren Roy
|{{Party name with color|All India Forward Bloc (Ruikar)|dab=yes}}
|-
|[[1957 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1957]]
|rowspan="2"|Rabindra Nath Mukhopadhyay
|{{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[1962 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1962]]
|-
!colspan="4"|''Behala East''
|-
|[[1967 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
|rowspan="3"|Niranjan Mukherjee
|{{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)|dab=yes|rowspan=3}}
|-
|[[1969 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1969]]
|-
|[[1971 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1971]]
|-
|[[1972 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1972]]
|Indrajit Majumdar
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[1977 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1977]]
|rowspan="3"|Niranjan Mukherjee
|{{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)|dab=yes|rowspan=5}}
|-
|[[1982 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1982]]
|-
|[[1987 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1987]]
|-
|[[1991 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1991]]
|rowspan="2"|Kumkum Chakraborti
|-
|[[1996 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1996]]
|-
|[[2001 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2001]]
|[[Parash Dutta]]
|{{Full party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|-
|[[2006 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2006]]
|Kumkum Chakraborti
|{{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)|dab=yes}}
|-
!colspan="4"|''Major boundary changes; constituency renamed as Behala Purba''
|-
|[[2011 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2011]]
|rowspan="2"|[[Sovan Chatterjee]]
|{{Full party name with color|Trinamool Congress|rowspan=3}}
|-
|[[2016 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2016]]
|-
|[[2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2021]]
|[[Ratna Chatterjee]]
|-
|[[2026 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2026]]
|[[Sankar Sikder]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|}

==Election results==
===2026<ref>{{Cite web |last=Coommission |first=Election |title=Result in Election Commission website |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenMay2026/candidateswise-S25153.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenMay2026/candidateswise-S25153.htm}}</ref>===
{{Election box begin|title=[[2026 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]]: [[Behala|Behala Purba]]}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link||candidate=[[Sankar Sikder]]|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|votes=1,15,502|percentage=49.22|change={{increase}} '''16.07'''}}{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Subhasish Chakravarty|party=Trinamool Congress|votes=90,365|percentage=38.5|change={{decrease}} 11.51}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Dr. Niloy Majumder|party=Communist Party of India (Marxist)|votes=21,991|percentage=9.37|change={{decrease}} 4.23}}

{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Abhijit Raha|party=Indian National Congress|votes=1883|percentage=0.8|change=''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]|party=None of the above (India)|votes=1635|percentage=0.7|change={{decrease}} 0.58}}
{{Election box majority||votes=25,137|percentage=10.7|change={{decrease}} 6.2}}| style="text-align:right;" | {{decrease}} '''16.07'''
{{Election box turnout||votes=234,687|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box gain with party link|winner=Bharatiya Janata Party|swing={{increase}} '''16.07'''|loser=Trinamool Congress}}
{{Election box end}}

===2021===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]]: [[Behala|Behala Purba]] }}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link||party=All India Trinamool Congress|candidate=[[Ratna Chatterjee]]|votes=1,10,968|percentage=50.01|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=[[Payel Sarkar]]|votes=73,540|percentage=33.15|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Communist Party of India (Marxist)|candidate=Samita Har Chowdhury|votes=30,172|percentage=13.60|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=None of the above|party=None of the Above|votes=2,835|percentage=1.28|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Bahujan Samaj Party|candidate=Rina Roy|votes=1,175|percentage=0.53|change=}}

{{Election box majority||votes=37,428|percentage=17.08|change=}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=2,21,885|percentage=71.97|change=}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = All India Trinamool Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2016===

{{Election box begin | title=[[2016 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]]: [[Behala|Behala Purba]] }}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=All India Trinamool Congress|candidate=[[Sovan Chatterjee]]|votes=96,621|percentage=47.33|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Independent (politician)|candidate=[[Ambikesh Mahapatra]]|votes=72,327|percentage=35.43|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=Chandra Bhan Singh|votes=21,854|percentage=10.71|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Shiv Sena|candidate=Sumit Banerjee|votes=3,649|percentage=1.79|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=None of the above|party=None of the Above|votes=3,919|percentage=1.92|change=}}
{{Election box majority||votes=24,294|percentage=11.90|change=}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=2,05,294|percentage=73.83|change=}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = All India Trinamool Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2011===
In 2011 Sovan Chatterjee of Trinamool Congress defeated his nearest rival Kumkum Chakraborty of CPI(M),
{{Election box begin | title=[[2011 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]]: [[Behala|Behala Purba]]<ref name="vidhansabha2011">{{cite web| url =http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2011/stat_WB_May2011.pdf|title = General Elections, India, 2011, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 1 November 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=736&cid=153| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120513171303/http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=736&cid=153| url-status = usurped| archive-date = 13 May 2012|title = West Bengal Assembly Election 2011 |work = Behala Purba| publisher =Empowering India |access-date = 30 April 2011}}</ref>}}

{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = All India Trinamool Congress
|candidate = [[Sovan Chatterjee]]
|votes = 1,16,709
|percentage = 60.28
|change = +14.33
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|candidate = Kumkum Chakraborty
|votes = 68,536
|percentage = 35.40
|change = -15.33
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = A. Biswajit Naidu
|votes = 3,692
|percentage = 1.91
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Indrajit Kumar Halder
|votes = 1,170
|percentage = 0.60
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate
|party = [[Independent politician|IND]]
|candidate = Tarun Kanti Das
|votes = 1,131
|percentage = 0.58
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = 48,173
|percentage = 24.88
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 1,94,208
|percentage = 79.79
|change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = All India Trinamool Congress
|loser = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|swing = 30.50#
}}
{{Election box end}}
.# Swing calculated on Congress+Trinamool Congress vote percentages taken together in 2006.

===1977–2006===
In the [[2006 West Bengal state assembly election|2006 state assembly elections]],<ref name="vidhansabha2006">{{cite web| url =http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2006/StatReport_WB_2006.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 2006, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 1 November 2014}}</ref> Kumkum Chakraborti of [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]] won the Behala East assembly seat defeating her nearest rival [[Sovan Chatterjee]] of [[All India Trinamool Congress|Trinamool Congress]]. Contests in most years were multi cornered but only winners and runners are being mentioned. [[Parash Dutta]] of Trinamool Congress defeated Kumkum Chakraborti of CPI(M) in 2001.<ref name="vidhansabha2001">{{cite web| url =http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2001/StatRept_WB_2001.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 2001, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 1 November 2014}}</ref> Kumkum Chakraborti of CPI(M) defeated Sonali Guha of [[Indian National Congress|Congress]] in 1996,<ref name="vidhansabha1996">{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1996/StatisticalReport-WB96.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1996, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 1 November 2014}}</ref> and Sailen Dasgupta of Congress in 1991.<ref name="vidhansabha1991">{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1991/StatisticalReport-West%20Bengal91.pdf|title = General Elections, India, 1991, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 1 November 2014}}</ref> Niranjan Mukherjeee of CPI(M) defeated Debashis Bhattacharya of Congress in 1987,<ref name="vidhansabha1987">{{cite web| url =http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1987/StatisticalReportWestBengal87.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1987, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 1 November 2014}}</ref> Balaram Goswami of Congress in 1982,<ref name="vidhansabha1982">{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1982/StatisticalReportWestBengal82.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1982, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 1 November 2014}}</ref> and Indrajit Mazumdar of Congress in 1977.<ref name="vidhansabha1977">{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1977/StatisticalReportWestBengal77.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1977, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 1 November 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/archive/ElectionAnalysis/AE/S25/Partycomp112.htm |title = 112 – Behala East Assembly Constituency |work = Partywise Comparison Since 1977 | publisher = Election Commission of India|access-date = 25 October 2010}}</ref>

===1952–1972===
Indrajit Majumdar of Congress won the Behala East seat in 1972.<ref name="vidhansabha1972">{{cite web| url =http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatReport_WB_72.pdf |title =General Elections, India, 1972, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 1 November 2014}}</ref> Niranjan Mukherjee of CPI(M) won in 1971,<ref name="vidhansabha1971">{{cite web| url =http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1971/StatReport_WB_71.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1971, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 1 November 2014}}</ref> 1969<ref name="vidhansabha1969">{{cite web| url =http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1969/StatReport_WB_69.pdf|title = General Elections, India, 1969, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission |access-date = 1 November 2014}}</ref> and 1967.<ref name="vidhansabha1967">{{cite web| url =http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20report%20WB1967.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1967, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 1 November 2014}}</ref> Prior to that Behala was a single seat. Rabindra Nath Mukhopadhyay of [[Communist Party of India|CPI]] won the Behala seat in [[1962 West Bengal state assembly election|1962]]<ref name="vidhansabha1962">{{cite web| url =http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_WB_1962.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1962, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 1 November 2014}}</ref> and [[1957 West Bengal state assembly election|1957]].<ref name="vidhansabha1957">{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_WB_1957.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1957, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 1 November 2014}}</ref> In [[1952 West Bengal state assembly election|independent India's first election in 1952]],<ref name="vidhansabha1952">{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/STATISTICALREPORTS_51_WestBengal.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1951, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 1 November 2014}}</ref> Biren Roy of [[All India Forward Bloc (Ruikar)|Forward Bloc (RG)]] won the Behala seat.

==References==
===Notes===
{{notelist}}

===Citations===
{{Reflist}}

{{South 24 Parganas topics}}
{{Vidhan Sabha constituencies of West Bengal}}

{{West Bengal elections}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of West Bengal]]
[[Category:Politics of South 24 Parganas district]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1951]]
[[Category:1951 establishments in West Bengal]]

INS Karmuk

2026-05-05T17:35:27Z

FerminDodson605:

{{Use Indian English|date=July 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2023}}
{{Short description|Kora class corvette}}
'''{{italic title|string=Karmuk}}'''

{{Infobox ship
|section1={{Infobox ship/image
| image = INS Karmuk P64 at Visakhapatnam.jpg
| image_caption = INS Karmuk (P64) at Visakhapatnam. P.Suresh.
}}

|section2={{Infobox ship/career
| hide_header =
| country = India
| flag = {{shipboxflag|India|naval}}
| name = INS ''Karmuk''
| namesake = [[Astra (weapon)|Mythological weapon]]
| ordered =
| builder = [[Garden Reach Shipbuilders and Engineers]]
| laid_down = 27 August 1997
| launched = April 2001
| acquired =
| commissioned = 4 February 2004
| decommissioned =
| in_service =
| out_of_service =
| struck =
| reinstated =
| identification = *{{IMO Number|4558108}}
*[[Pennant number]]: P64
| honours =
| fate =
| status = Active
| notes =
| badge =
}}

|section3={{Infobox ship/characteristics
| hide_header =
| header_caption =
| class = {{sclass|Kora|corvette}}
| displacement = 1,400 tons full load
| length = {{convert|91.1|m|ft|abbr=on}}
| beam = {{convert|10.5|m|ft|abbr=on}}
| draught = {{convert|4.5|m|ft|abbr=on}}
| draft =
| propulsion = *2 diesel motors with 14,400 hp
*2 shafts
| speed = {{convert|25|kn|km/h|0}}
| range = {{convert|4000|mi|km|abbr=on}} at {{convert|16|kn|km/h}}
| complement = 134 (incl 14 officers)
| sensors = *1 × MR 352 Pozitiv-E radar
*Bharat 1245 navigation radar
*Bharat Vympel IPN-10 combat data system
| EW =
| armament = *16 × [[Kh-35|Kh-35 Uran-E SSM]]
*2 × [[Strela 2|Strela-2M]] (SA-N-5) SAM
*1 × 76.2mm [[AK–176]] gun
*2 × 30mm [[AK-630]] guns
| armour =
| armor =
| aircraft = 1 [[HAL Chetak]] or [[HAL Dhruv]] helicopter
| aircraft_facilities =
| notes =
}}
}}

'''INS ''Karmuk''''' is a {{sclass|Kora|corvette}}, currently in active service with the [[Indian Navy]].<ref name="in-kora">{{cite web|url=http://indiannavy.nic.in/corvettes_kora.htm |title=Surface Ships of Indian Navy |access-date=2009-08-06 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090619082545/http://indiannavy.nic.in/corvettes_kora.htm |archive-date=19 June 2009 }}</ref>

==Service history==
=== South China Sea and the North West Pacific ===
The ships, as part of a battle group of 4 ships began a sustained operational deployment to the [[South China Sea]] and the North West Pacific Ocean. The other three ships were the [[INS Rana (D52)|INS Rana]], a [[Rajput-class destroyer|Rajput class]] guided missile destroyer, [[INS Shivalik (F47)|INS Shivalik]], a stealth frigate, and [[INS Shakti (A57)|INS Shakti]], a [[Deepak-class fleet tanker]]. This battle group was under the command of [[Rear admiral (India)|Rear Admiral]] [[Ajit Kumar P|P Ajit Kumar]], [[Flag Officer Commanding Eastern Fleet|Flag Officer Commanding]], [[Eastern Fleet (India)|Eastern Fleet]]. According to the [[Ministry of Defence (India)|Ministry of Defence]], the two-month deployment, far from India's usual area of operations, along with naval exercises with a number of countries, aimed to demonstrate the Indian navy's operational reach.<ref name=indpr>{{cite news|title=First bilateral maritime exercise between India and Japan|url=http://indiannavy.nic.in/sites/default/files/PRel_120609_JIMEX12_Indio-Japan-Ex.pdf|access-date=17 January 2013|newspaper=Indian Navy Press Release|date=9 May 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140109235842/http://indiannavy.nic.in/sites/default/files/PRel_120609_JIMEX12_Indio-Japan-Ex.pdf|archive-date=9 January 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=orf>{{cite web|last=Mohan|first=C Raja|title=Analysis: Japanese Navy|url=http://www.orfonline.org/cms/sites/orfonline/modules/analysis/AnalysisDetail.html?cmaid=38345&mmacmaid=38346|publisher=Observer Research Foundation|access-date=17 January 2013|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130415132910/http://www.orfonline.org/cms/sites/orfonline/modules/analysis/AnalysisDetail.html?cmaid=38345&mmacmaid=38346|archive-date=15 April 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref>

During the deployment the battle group participated in passage exercises with the navies of the countries visited. The 'Passage Exercises' focussed on maritime security cooperation, which included humanitarian aid & disaster relief (HADR) operations and 'visit, board, search and seizure' (VBSS) drills for anti-piracy operations. These exercises aimed to increase naval inter-operability, enabling the two navies to function together smoothly during possible HADR operations. In addition, during the port visits, the Fleet Commander along with the commanding officers of the ships met high-ranking officials of the Navy, state administration, port management, coastal security organization, police, and other stakeholders of maritime security in the countries visited, to share professional experiences and exchange
best practices in areas of mutual interest.<ref name=indpr /><ref name=orf />

=== JIMEX 2012 ===
The ship was deployed in the [[Pacific Ocean|North West Pacific]] for JIMEX 2012 (Japan-India Maritime Exercise) with the four ship group, and took part in India's first bi-lateral maritime exercise with Japan. The [[Japanese Maritime Self Defence Force]] (JMSDF) was represented by two destroyers, one maritime patrol aircraft and a helicopter.<ref name=ibn9j>{{cite news|title=India, Japan to hold first naval exercise from today|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/india-japan-to-hold-first-naval-exercise-from-today/265085-3.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130903064627/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/india-japan-to-hold-first-naval-exercise-from-today/265085-3.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=3 September 2013|access-date=14 January 2013|newspaper=IBN Live|date=9 June 2012}}</ref>

The four ships entered [[Tokyo]] on 5 June 12 after visiting Singapore, Vietnam, Philippines and Republic of Korea. They stayed in Tokyo for 3 days. This visit coincides with commemoration of 60 years of diplomatic relations between India and Japan. Vice Admiral [[Anil Chopra (admiral)|Anil Chopra]], Flag Officer Commanding-in-Chief [[Eastern Naval Command]] also visited Tokyo to witness the first JIMEX.<ref name=indpr /><ref name=ndtv25j>{{cite news|title=How Indian Navy is expanding and modernising|url=http://www.ndtv.com/article/india/how-indian-navy-is-expanding-and-modernising-235746|access-date=14 July 2012|publisher=NDTV|date=25 June 2012|archive-date=7 July 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120707094414/http://www.ndtv.com/article/india/how-indian-navy-is-expanding-and-modernising-235746|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=hin15j>{{cite news|title=Japanese warships call at Kochi|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Kochi/japanese-warships-call-at-kochi/article3531095.ece|access-date=17 January 2013|newspaper=The Hindu|date=15 June 2012}}</ref>

=== Southeast Asia ===
After the deployment in the North pacific, the battle group was deployed in the [[South China Sea]].<ref name=znj13>{{cite news|title=Warm reception to Indian naval ships in China|url=http://zeenews.india.com/news/world/warm-reception-to-indian-naval-ships-in-china_781647.html|access-date=14 January 2013|newspaper=Zee News|date=13 June 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Indian warships to dock at Chinese port|url=http://zeenews.india.com/news/nation/indian-warships-to-dock-at-chinese-port_781351.html|access-date=14 January 2013|newspaper=Zee News|date=12 June 2012}}</ref> As part of India's [[Look East policy (India)|''Look East'' policy]], the ships visited the [[Shanghai]] port on 13 June 2012, for a five-day goodwill tour.<ref name=ndtv25j /><ref>[https://archive.today/20130103033933/http://www.hindustantimes.com/world-news/China/Indian-warships-to-dock-at-Chinese-port-after-6-yrs-gap/Article1-870003.aspx Indian warships to dock at Chinese port after 6 yrs gap]</ref> INS ''Shakti'' served as the fuel and logistics tanker to the three destroyers. The ships left the port on 17 June 2012.<ref name=ndtv19>{{cite news|title=Indian warships wrap up China visit|url=http://www.ndtv.com/article/india/indian-warships-wrap-up-china-visit-233603|access-date=29 July 2012|publisher=NDTV|date=19 June 2012|archive-date=20 June 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120620023301/http://www.ndtv.com/article/india/indian-warships-wrap-up-china-visit-233603|url-status=dead}}</ref> Before leaving the port, the ships conducted routine passage exercise with the [[People's Liberation Army Navy]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Chinese Navy calls for trust building with India|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/international/article3529270.ece|access-date=3 January 2013|newspaper=The Hindu|date=15 June 2012}}</ref><ref name=idsa>{{cite web|title=Chinese Navy calls for trust building with India|url=http://idsa.in/TWIR/6_3_2012_National|work=THE WEEK IN REVIEW|publisher=IDSA|access-date=3 January 2013|archive-date=3 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303205022/http://idsa.in/TWIR/6_3_2012_National|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=orf />

After the visits to Singapore, Vietnam, Philippines, Japan, South Korea and China, the ships visited [[Port Klang]], [[Malaysia]]. This was the last port call of the battle group, after which it returned to the Eastern Fleet of the Indian Navy, after being on a two-month-long deployment which started in May 2012.<ref name=indpr /><ref name=ndtv28>{{cite news|title=Indian warships on goodwill tour, dock in Malaysia|url=http://www.ndtv.com/article/india/indian-warships-on-goodwill-tour-dock-in-malaysia-237232|access-date=29 July 2012|publisher=NDTV|date=28 June 2012|archive-date=15 August 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120815145053/http://www.ndtv.com/article/india/indian-warships-on-goodwill-tour-dock-in-malaysia-237232|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=nst>{{cite news|title=Indian navy ships on 4-day visit|url=http://www.nst.com.my/nation/general/indian-navy-ships-on-4-day-visit-1.99103|access-date=29 July 2012|newspaper=New Straits Times|date=28 June 2012}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category-inline|INS Karmuk (P64)}}

{{Corvettes of the Indian Navy}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Karmuk (P64)}}
[[Category:Kora-class corvettes]]
[[Category:Corvettes of the Indian Navy]]
[[Category:2001 ships]]
[[Category:Ships built in Kolkata]]

Reenat Sandhu

2026-05-02T19:06:39Z

FerminDodson605: new!

{{Short description|Indian diplomat}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2023}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| image = Ambassador Reenat Sandhu.jpg
| office = [[Indian people|Indian]] [[Ambassador]] to [[Italy]] and [[San Marino]]<ref name="archive.org">{{cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2017/jun/14/new-indian-envoys-to-eu-italy-denmark-named-1616551.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180608111215/http://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2017/jun/14/new-indian-envoys-to-eu-italy-denmark-named-1616551.html|url-status=live|archive-date=8 June 2018|title=New Indian envoys to EU, Italy, Denmark named- The New Indian Express|date=8 June 2018|publisher=}}</ref>
| term_start = 9 July 2017
| term_end = September 2020
| predecessor = [[Anil Wadhwa]]
| successor =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1964|06|7|df=y}}<ref name="archive.org1">{{cite web|url=https://mea.gov.in/writereaddata/images/Civi_List_27-7-12.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180422070724/https://mea.gov.in/writereaddata/images/Civi_List_27-7-12.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-date=22 April 2018|title=|date=22 April 2018|publisher=}}</ref>
| occupation = [[Diplomat]] [[Indian Foreign Service|IFS]]
| children = 2
| party =
| alma_mater = [[Delhi School of Economics]]
| profession =
| spouse = [[Taranjit Singh Sandhu]]
| sibling =
| website =
| office1 = Additional Secretary (Indo-Pacific, South, Oceania)
| term_end1 = 2021
| term_start1 = September 2020
| office2 = Secretary (West)
| term_start2 = 2021
| term_end2 = 2022
}}
'''Reenat Sandhu''' (born 7 June 1964)<ref name="archive.org1"/> is a retired [[Indian people|Indian]] [[diplomat]] and former ambassador of [[India]] to the [[Netherlands]]. She had previously served as Secretary West in the [[Ministry of External Affairs (India)|Ministry of External Affairs]] and as the [[Indian people|Indian]] [[Ambassador]] to [[Italy]] and [[San Marino]].<ref name="archive.org"/>

==Personal life==
Sandhu holds a [[Master of Arts]] degree in Economics from the [[Delhi School of Economics]].<ref name="archive.org2">{{cite web|url=http://www.indianembassyrome.in/eoi.php?id=Ambassador|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180608111556/http://www.indianembassyrome.in/eoi.php?id=Ambassador|url-status=dead|archive-date=8 June 2018|title=Embassy of India, Rome, Italy : Ambassador's Profile|date=8 June 2018|publisher=}}</ref> She is married to [[Taranjit Singh Sandhu]] who served as [[List of ambassadors of India to the United States|Ambassador of India to the United States]]. They have two children.<ref name="archive.org2"/>

==Career==
Reenat Sandhu joined the [[Indian Foreign Service]] in August 1989.<ref name="archive.org1"/> She has served at the [[Indian people|Indian]] missions in [[Moscow]], [[Kyiv]], [[Washington, D.C.]], [[Colombo]], [[New York City|New York]] and [[Geneva]].<ref name="archive.org2"/> She has also worked at the [[Ministry of External Affairs (India)|Ministry of External Affairs]] in [[New Delhi]] and handled Investment and Trade Promotion, Projects, East Europe and [[Sri Lanka]] desks.{{citation needed|date=January 2023}}

She was the Deputy [[Permanent Representative]] of India to the [[World Trade Organization]] in [[Geneva]] from 2011 to 2014. From 2014 to 2017, she was the Minister (Commerce)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://investpunjab.gov.in/ImageGallery/ViewImages/10055|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180608113107/http://investpunjab.gov.in/ImageGallery/ViewImages/10055|url-status=dead|archive-date=8 June 2018|title=Ms. Reenat Sandhu, Minister (Commerce), Embassy of India, Washington at Invest Punjab - 10.10.2016, PBIP|date=8 June 2018|publisher=}}</ref> and later the [[Deputy Chief of Mission]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indianembassy.org/archives_details.php?nid=22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180608113218/https://www.indianembassy.org/archives_details.php?nid=22|url-status=dead|archive-date=8 June 2018|title=Welcome to Embassy of India, Washington D C, USA|date=8 June 2018|publisher=}}</ref> at the [[Embassy of India, Washington, D.C.|Indian Embassy in Washington, D.C.]]<ref name="archive.org2"/>

Sandhu was made the first Additional Secretary of the new Oceania vertical in the MEA, including the former Indo-Pacific and South divisions.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Bagchi|first=Indrani|date=29 September 2021|title=With eye on China, MEA brings Indo-Pacific, Asean policies under one unit|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/with-eye-on-china-mea-brings-indo-pacific-asean-policies-under-one-unit/articleshow/78374295.cms|access-date=2021-09-24|website=The Times of India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Roche|first=Elizabeth|date=2020-09-29|title=New MEA division to focus on Indo-Pacific|url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/new-mea-division-to-focus-on-indo-pacific-11601342184071.html|access-date=2021-09-24|website=mint|language=en}}</ref> Following this she became Secretary (West) and served there till February 2022.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Profiles :Secretary (West)|url=https://mea.gov.in/sw.htm|access-date=2021-09-24|website=mea.gov.in}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sandhu, Reenat}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian Foreign Service officers]]
[[Category:Women ambassadors of India]]
[[Category:1964 births]]
[[Category:Ambassadors of India to Italy]]
[[Category:Ambassadors of India to San Marino]]
[[Category:Ambassadors of India to the Netherlands]]
[[Category:Delhi School of Economics alumni]]

{{India-diplomat-stub}}

Bhagabanpur Assembly constituency

2026-05-01T04:51:16Z

FerminDodson605:

{{Use Indian English|date=January 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2021}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Bhagabanpur
| type = SLA
| map_image = {{Maplink|frame=yes|plain=y|frame-width=300|frame-height=300|frame-align=center|type=shape|from=Vidhan Sabha constituencies/West Bengal/Bhagabanpur.map}}
| map_caption = Interactive Map Outlining Bhagabanpur Assembly Constituency
| map_alt =
| mla = [[Rabindranath Maity]]
| party = {{Party index link|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| alliance = {{Party index link|National Democratic Alliance}}
| latest_election_year = [[2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2021]]
| state = [[West Bengal]]
| district = [[Purba Medinipur district|Purba Medinipur]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Kanthi (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kanthi]]
| constituency_no = 214
| established = 1957
| electors = 2,54,184
| reservation = None
| abolished =
}}

'''Bhagabanpur Assembly constituency''' is an [[Vidhan Sabha|assembly]] constituency in [[Purba Medinipur district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[West Bengal]].

==Overview==
As per orders of the [[Delimitation Commission of India|Delimitation Commission]], No. 214 Bhagabanpur Assembly constituency is composed of the following: Bhagabanpur, Kajlagarh, Kotbarh and Shimulia [[gram panchayat]]s of [[Bhagabanpur I]] [[Community Development Block in India|community development block]], Arjunnagar, Basudevberia, Baroj, Itaberia, Jukhia, Mugberia and Radhapur gram panchayats of [[Bhagabanpur II]] community development block, and Argoyal and Mathura gram panchayats of [[Patashpur II]] community development block.<ref name=delimitation>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/delim/Final_Publications/WestBengal/FINAL%20ORDER%20NOTIFICATION_English.pdf | title = Delimitation Commission Order No. 18 dated 15 February 2006 | access-date= 6 August 2015| work = West Bengal| publisher= Election Commission of India}}</ref>

Bhagabanpur Assembly constituency is part of No. 31 [[Kanthi (Lok Sabha constituency)]].<ref name=delimitation/>

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year
! Name
! colspan=2|Party
|-
|[[2011 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2011]]
|rowspan="2"|[[Ardhendu Maity]]
|{{Full party name with color|All India Trinamool Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[2016 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2016]]
|-
|[[2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2021]]
|[[Rabindranath Maity]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|}

==Election results==
==2026===
In the 2026 election, '''Santanu Pramanik''' of BJP defeated his nearest rival, '''Manab Kumar Parua''' of Trinamool Congress.
{{Election box begin | title=[[2026 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]]: Bhagabanpur}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Santanu Pramanik]]
|votes =
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=All India Trinamool Congress|candidate=Manab Kumar Parua|votes=|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Indian National Congress|candidate=Biswajit Panigrahi|votes=|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Bahujan Samaj Party|candidate=Makhan Lal Mahapatra|votes=|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)|candidate=Prativa Rani Kar Shasmal|votes=|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist)|candidate=Gopal Chandra Patra|votes=|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box turnout|votes=|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner =
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2021===
In the 2021 election, Rabindranath Maity of BJP defeated his nearest rival, Ardhendu Maity of Trinamool Congress.
{{Election box begin | title=[[2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|West Bengal assembly elections, 2021]]: Bhagabanpur}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Rabindranath Maity]]
|votes = 121,480
|percentage = 54.56
|change = +50.76
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=All India Trinamool Congress|candidate=[[Ardhendu Maity]]|votes=93,931|percentage=42.19|change=-11.99}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Indian National Congress|candidate=Shiu Maiti|votes=5,274|percentage=2.37|change=-36.25}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=None of the above|candidate=[[None of the above]]|votes=1,019|percentage=0.46|change=-0.10}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist)|candidate=Ashoktaru Pradhan|votes=946|percentage=0.42|change=-0.19}}
{{Election box turnout|votes=222,650|percentage=90.64|change=+2.42}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser = All India Trinamool Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2016===
In the 2016 election, Ardhendu Maity of Trinamool Congress defeated his nearest rival, Hemangshu Shekhar Mahapatra of Indian National Congress.

{{Election box begin | title=[[2016 West Bengal state assembly election|West Bengal assembly elections, 2016]]: Bhagabanpur}}

{{Election box candidate with party link|party=All India Trinamool Congress|candidate=[[Ardhendu Maity]]|votes=111,201|percentage=54.18|change=+3.03}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Indian National Congress|candidate=Hemangshu Shekhar Mahapatra|votes=79,258|percentage=38.62|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=Prasanta Panda|votes=7,802|percentage=3.80|change=+1.21}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Independent (politician)|candidate=Priyabrata Dutta|votes=1,634|percentage=0.80|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Bahujan Samaj Party|candidate=Ansar Ali Sk.|votes=1,621|percentage=0.79|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist)|candidate=Ashoktaru Pradhan|votes=1,259|percentage=0.61|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=None of the above|candidate=[[None of the above]]|votes=1,149|percentage=0.56|change=}}
{{Election box candidate
|party = Bharat Nirman Party
|candidate = Goutam Pradhan
|votes = 763
|percentage = 0.37
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Akhil Bharatiya Hindu Mahasabha|candidate=Thakurdas Mandal|votes=540|percentage=0.26|change=}}
{{Election box turnout|votes=205,227|percentage=88.22|change=-4.14}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = All India Trinamool Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2011===
In the 2011 election, Ardhendu Maity of Trinamool Congress defeated his nearest rival Ranajit Manna of SP.

{{Election box begin | title=[[2011 West Bengal state assembly election|West Bengal assembly elections, 2011]]: Bhagabanpur <ref>{{cite web |url = http://eciresults.nic.in/ConstituencywiseS25214.htm |title = Bhagabanpur |work = Assembly Elections May 2011 Results |publisher = Election Commission of India |access-date = 2011-05-17 |archive-date = 16 May 2011 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110516120209/http://eciresults.nic.in/ConstituencywiseS25214.htm |url-status = dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=736&cid=214| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120519165106/http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=736&cid=214| url-status = usurped| archive-date = 19 May 2012|title = West Bengal Assembly Election 2011 |work = Bhagabanpur| publisher =Empowering India |access-date = 2011-05-01 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ceowestbengal.nic.in/mis_pdf/election_2011/canddtl_4th_phase.pdf |title=West Bengal Assembly Election 2011 |work=Bhagabanpur |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=2011-05-01 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110912030612/http://www.ceowestbengal.nic.in/mis_pdf/election_2011/canddtl_4th_phase.pdf |archive-date=2011-09-12 }}</ref> }}

{{Election box candidate with party link|party=All India Trinamool Congress|candidate=[[Ardhendu Maity]]|votes=93,945|percentage=51.15|change=-0.87#}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Samajwadi Party|candidate=Ranjit Manna|votes=84,948|percentage=46.25|change=-0.05}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=Sadananda De|votes=4,763|percentage=2.59|change=}}
{{Election box turnout|votes=183,656|percentage=92.36|change=}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = All India Trinamool Congress
|swing = -0.92#
}}
{{Election box end}}
.# Swing calculated on Congress+Trinamool Congress vote percentages taken together in 2006.

===1977-2006===
In the 2006 and 2001 state assembly elections, Ardhendu Maity of [[All India Trinamool Congress|Trinamool Congress]] won the Bhagabanpur assembly seat defeating his nearest rivals Gour Kanti Bal and Prasanta Pradhan, both of [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]], in respective years. Contests in most years were multi cornered but only winners and runners are being mentioned. Ajit Khanra of [[Indian National Congress|Congress]] defeated Prasanta Pradhan of CPI(M) in 1996. Prasanta Pradhan of CPI(M) defeated Asoktaru Panda of Congress in 1991, Haripada Jana of Congress in 1987 and Ramkrishna Sarkar of Congress in 1982. Haripada Jana of [[Janata Party]] defeated Prasanta Pradhan of CPI(M) in 1977.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/archive/ElectionAnalysis/AE/S25/Partycomp208.htm |title = 208 - Bhagabanpur Assembly Constituency |work = Partywise Comparison Since 1977 | publisher = Election Commission of India|access-date = 2010-12-07 }}</ref>

===1957-1972===
Amales Jana of Congress won in 1972. Prasanta Kumar Pradhan of CPI(M) won in 1971. [[Abha Maiti]] of Congress won in 1969, 1967 and 1962. In 1957 Bhagabanpur had a dual seat. It was won by Basanta Kumar Panda of [[Praja Socialist Party|PSP]] and Bhikhari Mondal of Congress.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/electionstatistics.asp | title = Statistical Reports of Elections | access-date = 2010-12-01 | work = General Election Results and Statistics | publisher = Election Commission of India | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101005110118/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/ElectionStatistics.asp | archive-date = 2010-10-05 }}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Purba Medinipur topics}}
{{Vidhan Sabha constituencies of West Bengal}}

{{West Bengal elections}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of West Bengal]]
[[Category:Politics of Purba Medinipur district]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1957]]
[[Category:1957 establishments in West Bengal]]

Gangapur Formation

2026-04-30T09:20:39Z

FerminDodson605:

{{Short description|Geological formation in India}}

{{Infobox rockunit
| name = Gangapur Formation
| image =
| caption =
| type = [[Geological formation]]
| age = [[Early Cretaceous]], {{fossilrange|135.15|117.30|[[Valanginian]] to [[Aptian]]}}
| period = Cretaceous
| prilithology =
| otherlithology =
| namedfor = Gangapur Village
| namedby =
| region = [[Telangana]]
| country = [[India]]
| coordinates = {{coord|19.16|N|79.26|E|display=inline,title}}
| paleocoordinates =
| unitof =
| subunits =
| underlies =
| overlies = Unconformity with the [[Kota Formation]]
| thickness =
| extent = [[Pranhita-Godavari Basin]]
| area =
| map = {{Location map+ | India
| relief = 1
| width = 250
| float = center
| places =
{{Location map~ | India
| lat_deg = 18.9
| lon_deg = 80.0
| mark = Green pog.svg
| marksize = 10
}}
}}
| map_caption =
}}
The '''Gangapur Formation''' is a geological [[Formation (geology)|formation]] in [[Telangana]], [[India]]. The Gangapur formation is [[Early Cretaceous]] in age. It forms a part of the [[Pranhita–Godavari Basin]] and overlies the [[Jurassic]] [[Kota Formation]]. The outcrops near the Gangapur village was first described in 1881 as the Gangapur beds.<ref>King W. 1881. The geology of the Pranhita-Godavari Valley. Mem. Geol. Surv. India 18(3): 151-311.</ref> In 1969, the area was instituted as the Gangapur Formation. It was also determined that the Gangapur Formation extends from north of Nowgaon (Lat. 19°20’N; Long. 79°24’E) to the west of Gangapur (Lat. 19°16’N; Long. 79°26’E) and in the east up to Dharmaram and Paikasigudem.<ref>Kutty T. S. 1969. Some contributions to the stratigraphy of the Upper Gondwana Formations of the Pranhita-Godavari Valley, central India. J. geol. Soc. India. 10(1): 33-48.</ref> Fossils of plants have been found in large quantities in the formation.

==Stratigraphy==
The Gangapur Formation was laid down sometime in the Early Cretaceous due to renewed rift activity.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Biswas |first=S. K. |date=2003-03-01 |title=Regional tectonic framework of the Pranhita–Godavari basin, India |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1367912002001451 |journal=Journal of Asian Earth Sciences |series=Geology of the Pranhita-Godavari Valley, India |volume=21 |issue=6 |pages=543–551 |doi=10.1016/S1367-9120(02)00145-1 |issn=1367-9120|url-access=subscription }}</ref> The rocks of the formation are composed of coarse ferruginous sandstone interrupted with pebble bands succeeded by an alternating sequence of sandstones and mudstones or silty mudstone. Both the Gangapur Formation and the [[Chikiala Formation]] overlie the Kota formation however their exact relationships are uncertain. This uncertainty is partly due to the lack of fossils from the Chikiala Formation. It is possible that the Gangapur Formation is older than the Chikiala Formation<ref>Raiverman V., Rao M. R. & Pal D. 1985. Stratigraphy and structure of the Pranhita-Godavari Graben. Petrol. Asia J. 8(2): 174-189.</ref><ref>Lakshminarayana G. 1996. Stratigraphy and structural framework of the Gondwana sediments in the Pranhita-Godavari Valley, Andhra Pradesh. Gondwana Nine (1), Geol. Surv. India: 311- 330.</ref> or that they are both of the same age.<ref>Rudra D. K. 1982. Upper Gondwana stratigraphy and sedimentation in the Pranhita-Godavari valley, India. Quart. Jour. Geol. Min. Metall. Soc. India 54: 56-79.</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |date=2022-08-17 |title=Gondwana Sequence of the northern Pranhita-Godavari Valley: its stratigraphy and vertebrate faunas {{!}} Journal of Palaeosciences |url=https://www.jpsonline.co.in/index.php/jop/article/view/1582 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":0">https://www.researchgate.net/publication/269109738_GYMNOSPERM_FOSSILS_FROM_THE_GANGAPUR_FORMATION_EARLY_CRETACEOUS_OF_ADILABAD_DISTRICT_Gymnosperm_fossils_from_the_Gangapur_Formation_Early_Cretaceous_of_Adilabad_District_Telangana_India</ref>

== Fossil content ==
{{Paleobiota-key-compact}}
=== Osteichthyes ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Genus
! Species
! Location
! Stratigraphic position
! Material
! Notes
! Images
|-
|[[Caturidae]]<ref name="GangapurFishes">Prasad, G. V. R.; Manhas, Brijesh K. & Arratia, Gloria (2004). [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/257968608_Elasmobrach_and_actinopterygian_remains_from_the_Jurassic_and_Cretaceous_of_India Elasmobranch and actinopterygian remains from the Jurassic and Cretaceous of India]. In: Arratia G and Tintori A (eds) Mesozoic Fishes 3 - Systematics, Paleoenvironments and Biodiversity. Verlag Dr. Friedrich Pfeil, München, pp 625-638.</ref>
|Indeterminate
|
|
|VPL/JU/KF/126-128, teeth
|The teeth are said to be ''[[Caturus]]''-like.
|
|-
|[[Palaeoniscidae]]<ref name="GangapurFishes" />
|Indeterminate
|
|
|VPL/JU/KF/104-105, teeth
|The teeth are said to be ''[[Gyrolepis]]''-like.
|
|}

=== Megaflora ===
Plant megafossils are common in the Gangapur Formation, dominated by the [[Pinales|Coniferales]].<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2">http://14.139.63.228:8080/pbrep/bitstream/123456789/978/1/PbV30N2_121.pdf</ref><ref>Ramakrishna H. & Muralidhar Rao G. 1986. Pterophyllum medlicottianum from the Gangapur Formation of Andhra Pradesh. Curr. Sci. 55(23): 1199-1200</ref><ref>Ramakrishna H. & Muralidhar Rao G. 1991. Conites sripermaturensis from the Gangapur Formation, A. P. J. Swamy. Bot. Cl. 8(3&4): 113-114</ref><ref>Muralidhar Rao G. & Ramakrishna H.1988. Torreyites sitholeyi, a new record from the Gangapur Formation of Andhra Pradesh. Curr. Sci. 57(4): 203-204</ref><ref>Lakshminarayana G. & Kutumba Rao N. 1988. A note on the occurrence of Ptilophyllum fl ora from the Chintalapudi subbasin, Pranhita-Godavari Valley, Khammam District, Andhra Pradesh. J. geol. Soc. India 32(2): 137-142</ref><ref name=":1">Sukh-Dev & Rajanikanth A. 1988. The Gangapur: fossil fl ora and stratigraphy. Geophytology 18(1): 1-27</ref><ref>Rajanikanth A. 1996. Palaeobotany of Mesozoic Gondwana sediments of Pranhita-Godavari Basin. Gondwana Nine (1), Geol. Surv. India: 425-438</ref>
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Genus
! Species
! Location
! Stratigraphic position
! Material
! Notes
! Images
|-
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" rowspan = "3" |''[[Taeniopteris]]''
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" | ''T. kutchensis''<ref name=":0" />
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" | Ralpet, Rampur and Peddavagu.
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" | Leaves.
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" | [[Cycad]] also known from the [[Bhuj Formation]].
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |
|-
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |''T. spatulata''<ref name=":0" />
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |Rampur, Butarmal Nala and
Peddavagu.
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" | Leaves
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |[[Cycad]] also known from the [[Rajmahal Traps]].<ref>{{Cite journal |date=2023-12-06 |title=Cycadophytic leaves from Jurassic - Lower Cretaceous rocks of India {{!}} Journal of Palaeosciences |url=https://jpsonline.co.in/index.php/jop/article/view/1416 |language=en-US}}</ref>
|style="background:#D1FFCF;"|
|-
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |''T.'' sp.<ref name=":0" />
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |Rampur, Nowgaon and Peddavagu.
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" | Leaves
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |[[Cycad]] similar to ''T.sp'' from Antarctica.
|style="background:#D1FFCF;"|
|-
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" | ''[[Cycadites]]''<ref name=":2" />
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |''C.''sp.
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" | [[Cycad]].
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |
|-
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" rowspan = "5"|''[[Ptilophyllum]]''
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" | ''P. cutchense''<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" />
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" | Rampur and Nowgaon.
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |Leaves.
|style="background:#D1FFCF;"| [[Bennettitales]].
|style="background:#D1FFCF;"|
|-
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" | ''P. acutifolium''<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" />
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" | Rampur and Peddavagu.
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |Leaves.
|style="background:#D1FFCF;"| [[Bennettitales]]. Resembles ''P. acutifolium'' from the [[Raghavapuram Formation]].
|style="background:#D1FFCF;"|
|-
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" | ''P. rarinervis''<ref name=":0" /><ref>Bose M. N. & Kasat M. L. 1972. The genus Ptilophyllum in India. Palaeobotanist 19(2): 115-145.

</ref><ref>https://eurekamag.com/research/006/869/006869186.php</ref>
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" | Butarmal Nala.
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |Leaves.
|style="background:#D1FFCF;"| [[Bennettitales]]. Originally referred to as [[Otozamites]] rarinervis.<ref>Feistmantel O. 1879. The fossil fl ora of the Upper Gondwanas. Outliers on the Madras Coast. Mem. Geol. Surv. India, Palaeont. Indica, Ser.2, 1(4):191-224</ref>
|style="background:#D1FFCF;"|
|-
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" | ''cf. P. distans''<ref name=":0" />
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" | Butarmal Nala.
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |Leaves.
|style="background:#D1FFCF;"| [[Bennettitales]]. Resembles P. distans.
|style="background:#D1FFCF;"|
|-
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" | ''P. distans''<ref name=":1" />
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" | Butarmal Nala.
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |Leaves.
|style="background:#D1FFCF;"| [[Bennettitales]].
|style="background:#D1FFCF;"|
|-
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" | ?''[[Anomozamites]]''<ref name=":2" />
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" | ?''A. sp''
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" | Nowgaon.
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |
|style="background:#D1FFCF;"| Leaves.
|style="background:#D1FFCF;"| [[Bennettitales]].
|style="background:#D1FFCF;"|
|-
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" rowspan = "6"|''[[Elatocladus]]''
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" | ''E. confertus''<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" />
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" | Ralpet, Rampur, Nowgaon,
Butarmal Nala and Peddavagu.
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |Leaves.
|style="background:#D1FFCF;"| [[Coniferales]]. Very common in the Gangapur Formation.
|style="background:#D1FFCF;"|
|-
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" | ''E. sehoraensis''<ref name=":0" />
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" | Ralpet and Butarmal Nala.
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |Leaves.
|style="background:#D1FFCF;"| [[Coniferales]]. Also known from the [[Jabalpur Formation]].
|style="background:#D1FFCF;"|
|-
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" | '' cf. E. bosei''<ref name=":0" />

|style="background:#D1FFCF;" | Ralpet and Butarmal Nala.
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |Leaves.
|style="background:#D1FFCF;"| [[Coniferales]]. Comparable to E. bosei of the [[Jabalpur Formation]].
|style="background:#D1FFCF;"|
|-
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" | ''E. andhrensis''<ref name=":0" />
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" | Ralpet, Nowgaon and Peddavagu.
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |Leaves.
|style="background:#D1FFCF;"| [[Coniferales]]. Specimens belonging to this species were also registered as E. confertus<ref name=":2" /> and E. heterophylla.<ref>Pal A. K., Datta P. M., Basu P. K., Shome S. & Ghosh S. C. 1988. Cone bearing shoots of Elatocladus Halle from Gangapur Formation (Lower Cretaceous) of Andhra Pradesh, India. Curr. Sci. 57(3): 141-142.</ref>
|style="background:#D1FFCF;"|
|-
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" | ''E. sp''<ref name=":2" />
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" | Nowgaon and Peddavagu.
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |Leaves.
|style="background:#D1FFCF;"| [[Coniferales]].
|style="background:#D1FFCF;"|
|-
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" | ''E. kingianus''<ref name=":2" />
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" | Cave Temple.
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |Leaves.
|style="background:#D1FFCF;"| [[Coniferales]].
|style="background:#D1FFCF;"|
|-
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" rowspan = "2" | ''[[Pagiophyllum]]''<ref name=":0" />
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" | ''P. marwarensis''
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" | Rampur.
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |
|style="background:#D1FFCF;"| Leaves.
|style="background:#D1FFCF;"| [[Coniferales]]. Also known from the [[Jabalpur Formation]].
|style="background:#D1FFCF;"|
|-
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" | ''P. rewaensis''
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" | Peddavagu.
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |
|style="background:#D1FFCF;"| Leaves.
|style="background:#D1FFCF;"| [[Coniferales]]. Also known from the [[Jabalpur Formation]].
|style="background:#D1FFCF;"|
|-
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" | ''?[[Cladophlebis]]''<ref name=":2" />
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" | ''?C. sp''
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" | Peddavagu.
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |
|style="background:#D1FFCF;"| Leaves.
|style="background:#D1FFCF;"| [[Fern]].
|style="background:#D1FFCF;"|
|-
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" | ''[[Gleichenia]]''<ref name=":2" />
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" | ''G. nordenskioildii''
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" | Nowgaon.
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |
|style="background:#D1FFCF;"| Leaves.
|style="background:#D1FFCF;"| [[Fern]].
|style="background:#D1FFCF;"|
|-
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" | ?''[[Gleichenia]]''<ref name=":2" />
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" | ''G. sp''
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" | Nowgaon.
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" |
|style="background:#D1FFCF;"| Leaves.
|style="background:#D1FFCF;"| [[Fern]].
|style="background:#D1FFCF;"|
|-
| rowspan="2" style="background:#D1FFCF;" | ''[[Coniferocaulon]]''<ref name=":2" />
|style="background:#D1FFCF;" | ''C.'' sp.
| rowspan="2" style="background:#D1FFCF;" | Peddavagu and quarry north of the Cave Temple.
| rowspan="2" style="background:#D1FFCF;" |
| rowspan="2" style="background:#D1FFCF;" | Leaves.
| rowspan="2" style="background:#D1FFCF;" | [[Coniferales]]. Also known from the [[Jabalpur Formation]].
| rowspan="2" style="background:#D1FFCF;" |
|-
|style="background:#D1FFCF;"|cf. ''C. rajmahalense''
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Geography of Telangana]]
[[Category:Geologic formations of India]]
[[Category:Cretaceous India]]

List of Odia films of 2020

2026-04-28T11:12:14Z

FerminDodson605: created a info first draft - done

{{Short description|none}}
{{Ollywood films}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2024}}
This is a list of [[Odia Cinema|Odia films]] that are released in 2020.

List of Odia films produced in the Ollywood in India that are released in the year 2020.<ref>{{Cite web |title=List of Odia Films released in 2020 |url=https://odialive.com/list-of-odia-films-released-in-2020/ |access-date=2023-03-14 |website=OdiaLive |language=en-US}}</ref>

==Films==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!#
!Title
!Director
!Cast
!Release date
!Ref
|-
|1
|''Mun Paradeshi Chadhei''
|K. Murali Krishna
|Ardhendu Sahu, Anubha Sourya, [[Mihir Das]], [[Puspa Panda]]
|10 January
|<ref>{{cite news |date=12 January 2020 |title=ଏ ବର୍ଷ ନାମୀ ଓଲିଉଡ୍ ନାୟିକାମାନଙ୍କର କେଉଁ ଓଡ଼ିଆ ସିନେମା ଆସୁଛି {{!}} Sambad |language=Odia |work=ସମ୍ବାଦ |publisher=sambad.in |url=https://sambad.in/entertainment/odia-heroines-2020-story-470168/ |url-status=live |accessdate=16 December 2021 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211216135015/https://sambad.in/entertainment/odia-heroines-2020-story-470168/ |archivedate=16 December 2021}}</ref>
|-
|2
|''Babu Bhaijan''
|[[Tapas Saragharia]]
|[[Arindam Roy]], Shivani Sangita, Babi Mishra, [[Samaresh Routray]]
|12 January
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mallick |first=Sharmili |title=Ollywood actor Arindam Roy, who is known for experimenting with characters, will once again entertain audience pairing opposite Shivani in his upcoming film 'Babu Bhaijaan'. |url=https://odishatv.in/entertainment/based-on-true-story-odia-movie-babu-bhaijaan-to-hit-theatres-soon-392497 |access-date=2023-03-14 |website=Ollywood actor Arindam Roy, who is known for experimenting with characters, will once again entertain audience pairing opposite Shivani in his upcoming film 'Babu Bhaijaan'. |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|3
|''Queen''
|Mrutyunjay Sahoo
|[[Varsha Priyadarshini]], Jayjit Das, Lipsa Mishra, [[Harihar Mohapatra]]
|15 January
|<ref>{{cite news |date=14 January 2020 |title=କାଲି ପରଦାକୁ 'କୁଇନ୍' ରୂପରେ ଆସିବେ ବର୍ଷା ପ୍ରିୟଦର୍ଶିନୀ {{!}} Sambad |work=ସମ୍ବାଦ |publisher=sambad.in |url=https://sambad.in/entertainment/queen-releases-tomorrow-470923/ |accessdate=19 January 2020}}</ref>
|-
|4
|''[[Sala Budhar Badla]]''
|[[Sabyasachi Mohapatra]]
|[[Atal Bihari Panda]], Chandan Singh, Lochan Bag
|17 January
|<ref>{{Cite news |title=Sala Budhar BadlaU |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/oriya/movie-details/sala-budhar-badla/movieshow/73265189.cms |access-date=2023-03-14 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
|5
|''Adrushyam''
|Rajendra Mahanta
|Shanu, Ankita, Chitta Ranjan Tripathy, Samaresh Routray, Lipsa Mishra
|31 January
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-01-24 |title=Studio version 'Akhi Bhije' song from upcoming Adrushyam released {{!}} Sambad English |url=https://sambadenglish.com/studio-version-akhi-bhije-song-from-upcoming-adrushyam-released/ |access-date=2023-03-14 |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|6
|''Dahara Toka''
|[[Debu Patnaik]], [[Sritam Das]]
|Lipsa Mishra, Babi Mishra, [[Pradyumna Lenka]], Priyanka Patnaik
|9 February
|{{fact|date=February 2024}}
|-
|7
|''Golmaal''
|Ashwini Garnayak
|Sidhant Mohapatra, Anisha Sharma, Chitta Tripathy, Babi Mishra
| rowspan="2" |8 March
|-
|8
|''Anu Didi Not Out''
|Tapas Saragharia
|[[Anu Choudhury]], Aman, Tanushree, Bijayini
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mallick |first=Sharmili |title=Close on the heels of the massive success of its first web series ‘Chumbak- A Love Beyond’, Tarang Cine Productions is all set to release ‘Anu Didi Not Out’ on International Women’s Day tomorrow. |url=https://odishatv.in/odisha-news/tarang-cine-productions-anu-didi-not-out-all-set-for-release-on-international-womens-day-439000 |access-date=2023-03-14 |website=Close on the heels of the massive success of its first web series ‘Chumbak- A Love Beyond’, Tarang Cine Productions is all set to release ‘Anu Didi Not Out’ on International Women’s Day tomorrow. |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|9
|''Moosha Mora Rajanikant''
|Sanjay Nayak
|Lipika Senapati, Karan, Abhijit, [[Ashrumochan Mohanty]], [[Biju Badajena]]
| rowspan="2" |14 June
|-
|10
|''Mu Tume Lockdown''
|Dwipayan Majumdar
|Deepika Tripathy, Biswabhushan Panda
|<ref>{{cite news |date=5 July 2021 |title=ମୁଁ, ତୁମେ ଓ ଲକ୍‌ଡାଉନ୍ {{!}} Sambad |language=Odia |work=ସମ୍ବାଦ |publisher=sambad.in |url=https://sambad.in/entertainment/me-you-and-lockdown-685461/ |url-status=live |accessdate=14 November 2021 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211114151754/https://sambad.in/entertainment/me-you-and-lockdown-685461/ |archivedate=14 November 2021}}</ref>
|-
|11
|''Paika Bidroha''
|NIschay Rout
|Samaresh Routray, [[Manoj Mishra]], [[Shakti Baral]], Priya Mishra
|14 August
|<ref>{{cite news |last= |first= |date=13 August 2020 |title=ରିଲିଜ ହେବ ପ୍ରମାଣିକ ଚଳଚ୍ଚିତ୍ର ପାଇକ ବିଦ୍ରୋହ {{!}} Kanak News |work=Kanak News |publisher=kanaknews.com |url=https://kanaknews.com/the-documentary-pike-rebellion-will-be-released-tomorrow/ |url-status=live |accessdate=14 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200814180507/https://kanaknews.com/the-documentary-pike-rebellion-will-be-released-tomorrow/ |archive-date=14 August 2020}}</ref>
|-
|12
|''Pheria''
|Mihir Ranjan Acharya
|Pritiraj Shatapathy, Jina Samal, Debidutta Pradhan, Jayanta Santara
|15 August
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=State Film Awards: ‘Bhija Matira Swarga’ best film |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/2019/dec/11/state-film-awards-bhija-matira-swarga-best-film-2074557.html |access-date=2023-03-14 |website=The New Indian Express}}</ref>
|-
|13
|''Anguru na Milile Khata''
|Ashwini Garnayak
|Debasish Patra, Ankita Mohanty, Pupindar Singh, [[Pintu Nanda]]
|30 August
|{{fact|date=February 2024}}
|-
|14
|''Mo Mummy Papanka Bahaghara''
|Rajesh Mohanty
|Sai Yashobanta, Cookies Swain, Ananta Mishra
|6 September
|{{fact|date=February 2024}}
|-
|15
|''Lucky Ra Lock Down Love Story''
|Ashok Pati
|[[Sabyasachi Mishra]], [[Tamanna Vyas]], Babi Mishra, [[Papu Pom Pom]]
| rowspan="2" |18 October
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sahoo |first=Jyoti Prakash |date=2020-10-14 |title=Sabyasachi’s “Lucky Ra Lockdown Love Story” To Hit Screens On October 18 |url=http://sh045.global.temp.domains/~mycityli/sabyasachi-s-lucky-ra-lockdown-love-story-to-hit-screens-on-october-18/ |access-date=2023-03-14 |website=My City Links |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|16
|''Prema Na Pagalapana''
|Ashwini Garnayak
|[[Akash Dasnayak]], Lipsa Mishra, [[Kuna Tripathy]], [[Raimohan Parida|Raimohan]]
|<ref>{{cite news |last1=Mishra |first1=Soubhagya Ranjan |date=8 October 2020 |title=ଲକଡାଉନରେ ଲିପ୍ସାଙ୍କ ପ୍ରେମରେ ଉବୁଡୁବୁ ଆକାଶ, ସିନେମା କହିବ କାହାଣୀ... |language=Odia |work=Zee News |location=[[New Delhi]] |url=https://zeenews.india.com/hindi/zeeodisha/lifestyle/new-love-story-prema-na-pagalapana-akash-dasnayak-lipsa-mishra/761569 |url-status=live |accessdate=9 January 2022 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220109173504/https://zeenews.india.com/hindi/zeeodisha/lifestyle/new-love-story-prema-na-pagalapana-akash-dasnayak-lipsa-mishra/761569 |archivedate=9 January 2022}}</ref>
|-
|17
|''Durgatinashini''
|Raja Dash
|[[Archita Sahu]], [[Jiban Panda]], Partya Sarathi Ray
|15 November
|<ref>{{cite news |date=11 November 2020 |title=Archita Sahu starrer Odia flick ‘Durgatinasini’ to release on Diwali |language=English |work=KalingaTV |location=Bhubaneswar |url=https://kalingatv.com/entertainment/archita-sahu-starrer-odia-flick-durgatinasini-to-release-on-diwali/ |url-status=live |accessdate=8 January 2022 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220108154019/https://kalingatv.com/entertainment/archita-sahu-starrer-odia-flick-durgatinasini-to-release-on-diwali/ |archivedate=8 January 2022}}</ref>
|-
|18
|''Charitra''
|Shishir Kumar Sahu, Pinaki Singh
|[[Gargi Mohanty]], [[Ananya Mishra]], [[Hara Rath]], [[Partha Sarathi Ray]], [[Dipanwit Dashmohapatra|Dwipanwit Dash Mohapatra]]
|25 December
|<ref>{{cite news |date=22 April 2021 |title=World Television premiere of ‘Charitra’ on April 25; WATCH trailer here {{!}} Sambad English |language=English |work=Sambad English |publisher=sambadenglish.com |location=Bhubaneswar |url=https://sambadenglish.com/world-television-premiere-of-charitra-on-april-25-watch-trailer-here/ |url-status=live |accessdate=13 December 2021 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211213185836/https://sambadenglish.com/world-television-premiere-of-charitra-on-april-25-watch-trailer-here/ |archivedate=13 December 2021}}</ref>
|-
|19
|''Love You Priya''
|Vivek Kumar
|Soham Singh, Mahima Das, Puspa Panda, Pritiraj Satapathy
| rowspan="3" |27 December
|<ref>{{cite news |date=26 September 2021 |title=ଲଭ୍ ୟୁ ପ୍ରିୟା |language=Odia |work=Dharitri |url=https://www.dharitri.com/ଲଭ୍%E2%80%8C-ୟୁ-ପ୍ରିୟା/ |url-status=live |accessdate=4 January 2022 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220104122702/https://www.dharitri.com/%E0%AC%B2%E0%AC%AD%E0%AD%8D%E2%80%8C-%E0%AD%9F%E0%AD%81-%E0%AC%AA%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%B0%E0%AC%BF%E0%AD%9F%E0%AC%BE/ |archivedate=4 January 2022}}</ref>
|-
|20
|''Tike Love Tike Twist''
|S.K. Muralidhran
|Sambit Acharya, Punam Mishra, Mihir Das, Samaresh Routray
|<ref>{{cite news |date=19 January 2019 |title=Odia films ‘Awara Dil’, ‘Tike Love Tike Twist’ announced |language=English |work=KalingaTV |location=Bhubaneswar |url=https://kalingatv.com/entertainment/odia-films-awara-dil-tike-love-tike-twist-announced/ |url-status=live |accessdate=6 January 2022 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220106153341/https://kalingatv.com/entertainment/odia-films-awara-dil-tike-love-tike-twist-announced/ |archivedate=6 January 2022}}</ref>
|-
|21
|''Tu Mora Sathire''
|Raja D.
|[[Sailendra Samantaray]], [[Dibya Mohanty]], Ashrumochan Mohanty, Trupti Sinha
|{{fact|date=February 2024}}
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Indian film list}}
{{2020 films}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Oriya films}}
[[Category:Lists of 2020 films by language]]
[[Category:2020s Odia-language films|*]]
[[Category:Lists of Odia films by year|2020]]

Kadapa Municipal Corporation

2026-04-25T14:06:33Z

FerminDodson605: cleanup

{{Short description|Local civic body in Kadapa, Andhra Pradesh, India}}
{{More citations needed|date=August 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2019}}
{{Infobox legislature
| name = Kadapa Municipal Corporation
| coa_pic = File:Kadapa_Municipal_Corporation_Logo.jpg
| coa_res = 250px
| coa_alt =
| coa_caption =
| house_type = Municipal Corporation
| body = Kadapa
| foundation = 2005
| houses =
| party1 =
| election1 =
| leader1_type = [[Mayor]]
| leader1 = ''Vacant'' (since 18 March 2026)
| leader2_type = [[Deputy Mayor]]
| leader2 = ''Vacant'' (since 18 March 2026)
| leader3_type = [[Municipal commissioner]]
| leader3 = Sri G.Surya Sai Praveenchand I.A.S
| members =
| house1 =
| house2 =

| structure1_res = 250px
| structure2 =
| structure2_res =
| seats = '''50'''

| political_groups2 =
| committees1 =
| committees2 =
| voting_system1 =
| voting_system2 =
| last_election1 = [[2021 Andhra Pradesh urban local bodies elections|10 March 2021]]
| next_election1 = ''TBH''
| session_room =
| session_res =
| meeting_place =
| website = {{URL|https://kmc.ap.gov.in/|Kadapa Municipal Corporation}}
| footnotes =
}}

'''Kadapa Municipal Corporation''' is the civic body that governs the city of [[Kadapa]] in the [[Indian state]] of [[Andhra Pradesh]]. It is one of the oldest Municipalities of the state, constituted in the year 1868 and was upgraded to Corporation in 2004.<ref>{{cite web|title=Brief about Kadapa Municipal Corporation|url=http://www.kadapamunicipalcorporation.org/|website=Kadapa Municipal Corporation|access-date=12 February 2016}}</ref> Its jurisdiction encompasses an area of 164.08 km2 (63.35 sq mi). Established in the year 2004, the executive power of the corporation is vested in the [[Municipal Commissioner (India)|Municipal Commissioner]], appointed by the [[Government of Andhra Pradesh]] which is currently held by Sri G. Surya Sai Praveenchand. The newly constituted general body elected Sri Kothamaddi Suresh Babu as mayor, Smt. Syed Mumthaj Begam as deputy mayor and Sri Bandi Nityananda Reddy as second deputy mayor in March 2021.

==History==
[[Kadapa]] is one of the oldest municipalities in the [[Indian state]] of [[Andhra Pradesh]]. It is located in the [[Rayalaseema]] region, and is the district headquarters of [[Kadapa district]]. It was constituted as a ''III–Grade'' municipality in 1868. It was then upgraded to ''II–Grade'' in 1958 and ''Special Grade'' in 1980. It covers an area of 6.84 km2. It was upgraded as [[Municipal Corporation]] on 17 November 2004<ref name="stats">{{cite web|title=Kadapa Municipal Corporation at a Glance|url=http://www.kadapamunicipalcorporation.org/images/kadapabasicinformation.pdf|website=Kadapa Municipal Corporation|access-date=12 February 2016|archive-date=24 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224192452/http://www.kadapamunicipalcorporation.org/images/kadapabasicinformation.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> vide G.O.Ms.No.481, dated : 17.11.2004 with an area of 91.05 km2. subsequently vide G.O.Ms.No.125, dated : 17.03.2005 and G.O.Ms.No.89, MA, dated : 30.05.2006 the area of corporation was increased to 164.08 km2 (63.35 sq mi) by merging surrounding gram panchayat. The [[Population (human biology)|population]] of the city in the [[2001 Census of India]] was (2,87,093) and the approximate population in the [[2011 Census of India]] was 3,44,078.

==Jurisdiction==

The municipal corporation has an area of {{convert|164.08|km2}}.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://cdma.ap.gov.in/KADAPA/|title=Kadapa Municipal Corporation|website=cdma.ap.gov.in|access-date=24 October 2014}}</ref>

==List of Mayors==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|+
!rowspan=2 |Sno.
!rowspan=2 |Mayor
!rowspan=2 |DY Mayor
!colspan=3 |Tenure
!rowspan=2 colspan=2 |Political Party
!rowspan=2 |Election
!rowspan=2 |Ref.
|-
!Took office
!Left office
!Duration
|-
!1
|[[Pochimareddy Ravindranath Reddy]]
|
|2005
|2010
|5 years
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|
|
|-
!rowspan=2 |2
|rowspan=2 |Kothamaddi Sureshbabu
|B.Arifulla
|2014
|2019
|5 years
|{{Full party name with color|YSR Congress Party|rowspan=2}}
|[[2014 Andhra Pradesh urban local bodies elections|2014]]
|
|-
|rowspan=2 |1.Bandi Nityanandareddy 2.Sd.Mumthajbegam
|2021
|2025
|4.8 years
|[[2021 Andhra Pradesh municipal elections|2021]]
|
|-
!3
|Paka Suresh
|2025
|2026
|
|{{Full party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
|
|
|}

===2021 elections===

{|CLASS="sortable wikitable"
|-
!colspan=2|Party name
!Symbol
!Won
!Change
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|YSR Congress Party}}"|
|[[YSR Congress Party]]
|[[File:Indian_Election_Symbol_Ceiling Fan.svg|105px]]
|48
|{{no change}}
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}}"|
|[[Telugu Desam Party]]
|[[File:Indian Election Symbol Cycle.png|55px]]
|1
|{{no change}}
|-
|bgcolor="{{party color|Jana Sena Party}}"|
|[[Jana Sena Party]]
|[[File:Indian_election_symbol_glass_tumbler.svg|45px]]
|1
|{{no change}}
|}

==Civic administration==
The area of Kadapa Municipal Corporation is {{convert|164.08|km2|mi2|abbr=on}}. The corporation is administered by an elected body headed by the Mayor. The corporation population as per the 2011 census was 3,44,078. The present commissioner of the corporation is G.Surya Sai Praveenchand I.A.S. and the mayor is Kothamaddi Suresh Babu.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.kadapamunicipalcorporation.org/ |title=Home |website=kadapamunicipalcorporation.org}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-andhrapradesh/ysrcs-suresh-babu-is-kadapa-mayor/article6175657.ece|title=YSRC's Suresh Babu is Kadapa Mayor|author=Special Correspondent|work=The Hindu|date=4 July 2014|access-date=24 October 2014}}</ref>

==Public services==
The Kadapa Municipal Corporation provides drinking water to the public and its [[per capita]] water supply per day is 120 LPCD. It has 3 [[public parks]], [[secondary schools]], [[elementary schools]] and many other services including [[colleges]], playgrounds etc.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://cdma.ap.gov.in/KADAPA/Public%20services_amenities.html|title=Kadapa Municipal Corporation|website=cdma.ap.gov.in|access-date=24 October 2014}}</ref>

==Functions==

Kadapa Municipal Corporation is created for the following functions:<ref name="Ka9">{{cite news |title=Municipal Corporation - Functions, Roles, Members Qualification and Term |url=https://www.elections.in/government/municipal-corporation-in-india.html |access-date=18 May 2022 |publisher=www.elections.in}}</ref><ref name="Ka10">{{cite news |title=Good municipal governance key to improve quality of life {{!}} Pune News - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/pune/good-municipal-governance-key-to-improve-quality-of-life/articleshow/57320746.cms |access-date=18 May 2022 |work=The Times of India |date=24 February 2017 |language=en}}</ref>

* Planning for the town including its surroundings which are covered under its Department's Urban Planning Authority .
* Approving construction of new buildings and authorising use of land for various purposes.
* Improvement of the town's economic and Social status.
* Arrangements of water supply towards commercial, residential and industrial purposes.
* Planning for fire contingencies through Fire Service Departments.
* Creation of solid waste management, public health system and sanitary services.
* Working for the development of ecological aspect like development of Urban Forestry and making guidelines for environmental protection.
* Working for the development of weaker sections of the society like mentally and physically handicapped, old age and gender biased people.
* Making efforts for improvement of slums and poverty removal in the town.

==Revenue sources==

The following are the Income sources for the corporation from the Central and State Government.<ref name="Ka11">{{cite news |last1=Jadhav |first1=Radheshyam |title=Why civic bodies in India need municipal bonds |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/why-civic-bodies-in-india-need-municipal-bonds/article33237962.ece |access-date=18 May 2022 |publisher=www.thehindubusinessline.com |date=3 December 2020 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Ka12">{{cite news |title=Municipal corporations under severe strain as revenues sink: RBI Report |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/latest/economy/story/municipal-corporations-under-severe-strain-as-revenues-sink-rbi-report-314215-2021-12-02 |access-date=18 May 2022 |publisher=Business Today |date=2 December 2021 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Ka13">{{cite news |title=If cities are to deliver better quality life, need to have business models which are sustainable |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/opinion/if-cities-are-to-deliver-better-quality-life-need-to-have-business-models-which-are-sustainable/642276/ |access-date=18 May 2022 |publisher=Financialexpress |date=17 May 2022 |language=en}}</ref>

===Revenue from taxes===

Following is the Tax related revenue for the corporation.

* Property tax.
* Profession tax.
* Entertainment tax.
* Grants from Central and State Government like Goods and Services Tax.
* Advertisement tax.

===Revenue from non-tax sources===

Following is the Non Tax related revenue for the corporation.

* Water usage charges.
* Fees from Documentation services.
* Rent received from municipal property.
* Funds from municipal bonds.

==Kadapa Municipal Elections==

===2021 Ordinary Elections===
After 2014, third Kadapa Municipal Corporation elections were held in March 2021.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/politics/140321/ysrc-wave-all-the-way.html|title=AP Municipal election results: YSRC wave all the way|date=15 March 2021}}</ref>
{|CLASS="sortable wikitable"
|-
!S.No.
!colspan=2|Party Name
!Symbol
!Won
!Change
|-
|1
|bgcolor="{{party color|YSR Congress Party}}"|
|[[YSR Congress Party]]
|[[File:Indian_Election_Symbol_Ceiling Fan.svg|105px]]
|48
|{{increase}}6
|-
|2
|bgcolor="{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}}"|
|[[Telugu Desam Party]]
|[[File:Indian Election Symbol Cycle.png|55px]]
|1
|{{decrease}}7
|-
|3
|bgcolor=#C1C1C1|
|[[Independent politician|Independents]]
|
|1
|{{no change}}
|-
|4
|bgcolor="{{party color|Jana Sena Party}}"|
|[[Jana Sena Party]]
|[[File:Indian_election_symbol_glass_tumbler.svg|45px]]
|0
|{{no change}}
|-
|5
|bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|[[File:BJP election symbol.png|50px]]
|0
|{{no change}}
|-
|}

===2014 Ordinary Elections===
The second Kadapa Municipal Corporation elections were conduced in 2014.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-andhrapradesh/ysrcs-suresh-babu-is-kadapa-mayor/article6175657.ece|title=YSRC's Suresh Babu is Kadapa Mayor|author=Special Correspondent|work=The Hindu|date=4 July 2014|access-date=24 October 2014}}</ref>
{|CLASS="sortable wikitable"
|-
!S.No.
!colspan=2|Party Name
!Symbol
!Won
!Change
|-
|1
|bgcolor="{{party color|YSR Congress Party}}"|
|[[YSR Congress Party]]
|[[File:Indian_Election_Symbol_Ceiling Fan.svg|105px]]
|42
|{{no change}}
|-
|2
|bgcolor="{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}}"|
|[[Telugu Desam Party]]
|[[File:Indian Election Symbol Cycle.png|55px]]
|8
|{{no change}}
|-
|3
|bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|[[File:BJP election symbol.png|50px]]
|0
|{{no change}}
|-
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Municipalities in Andhra Pradesh}}

[[Category:Kadapa]]
[[Category:Municipal corporations in Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:2004 establishments in Andhra Pradesh]]

Shreema Bhattacherjee

2026-04-25T05:30:23Z

FerminDodson605: Done

{{Short description|Indian actress (born 1997)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2024}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Shreema Bhattacherjee
| image = Shreema bhattacherjee.jpg
| website =
| caption = Shreema in 2020
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1997|02|26|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Kolkata]], [[West Bengal]], [[India]]
| alma_mater = Bagbazar Women's College
| occupation = Actress Model YouTuber
| years_active = 2016-present
| known_for = Role Nilasha Banerjee aka Nil in [[Jamai Raja (2017 TV Series)|Jamai Raja]]
| notable_works = [[Gaatchora]]
| height =
| spouse =
| partner = Gourab Roy Chowdhury (2020)
}}

'''Shreema Bhattacherjee''' is an Indian Bengali television actress best known for her portrayal of the character Nilasha Banerjee aka Neel in the Bengali drama-romance-comedy television series ''[[Jamai Raja (2017 TV Series)|Jamai Raja]]'' that aired on [[Zee Bangla]] from 5 June 2017 to 12 August 2018.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-06-19 |title='রাশি' ও 'অগ্নিপরীক্ষা'র পর 'জামাই রাজা' |url=https://www.banglanews24.com/entertainment/news/bd/582087.details |access-date=2024-03-13 |website=banglanews24.com |language=bn}}</ref> She debuted on the big screen Abhimanyu Mukherjee's ''[[Teko (film)|Teko]]'' in 2019.

==Education==
Bhattacherjee earned a degree in Journalism and Mass Communication from Bagbazar Women's College.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2019-02-23 |title='Jamai Raja' actress Shreema Bhattacharjee juggles between shoot and studies |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/bengali/jamai-raja-actress-shreema-bhattacharjee-juggles-between-shoot-and-studies/articleshow/68126477.cms |access-date=2025-02-13 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2018-04-06 |title=Jamai Raja actress Shreema Bhattacharya goes LIVE on FB about gender discrimination |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/bengali/jamai-raja-actress-shreema-bhattacharya-goes-live-on-fb-about-gender-discrimination/articleshow/63638823.cms |access-date=2025-02-13 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

==Personal life==
[[File: Shreema in 2025.jpg|thumb|right|upright=1.0|Shreema in 2025]]
Shreema was born on 26 February 1997 and raised in [[Kolkata]], [[West Bengal]], India.<ref>{{Cite web |title=মধ্যরাতে কেক কেটেছেন, পেয়েছেন বড় সারপ্রাইজ, জন্মদিনে সারাদিন কী প্ল্যান শ্রীমার |url=https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/exclusive-shreema-bhattacherjee-got-big-surprise-at-mid-night-revels-her-birthday-plan-31708923268962.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240311060507/https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/exclusive-shreema-bhattacherjee-got-big-surprise-at-mid-night-revels-her-birthday-plan-31708923268962.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=11 March 2024 |access-date=2024-04-23 |website=Hindustantimes Bangla |date=26 February 2024 |language=bn}}</ref> She was in a relationship with actor Gourab Roy Chowdhury in 2020.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Bahadur |first1=Nur |last2=Television |first2=Jamuna |date=2021-09-11 |title=কাউকে ধরে রাখা যায় না, যে যাওয়ার সে যাবেই: গৌরবের উদ্দেশে শ্রীমা! |url=https://jamuna.tv/news/261523 |access-date=2024-04-22 |website=Jamuna Television |language=en}}</ref>

==Controversies==
It was widely rumoured that Shreema was in a relationship with actor Sayanta Modak<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-04-22 |title=Shreema Bhattacharya: গৌরব নয়, এই অভিনেত্রীর প্রাক্তনের সঙ্গে চুটিয়ে প্রেম করছেন শ্রীমা! |work=HoopHaap |url=https://m.hoophaap.com/article/shreemas-new-instagram-reel-viral/50935 |access-date=2025-02-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240422154858/https://m.hoophaap.com/article/shreemas-new-instagram-reel-viral/50935 |archive-date=22 April 2024 |last1=Media |first1=Hoophaap Digital }}</ref> and cricketer Kanishk Sheth<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-02-26 |title=২৫-এ পা দিলেন শ্রীমা ভট্টাচার্য, জন্মদিনের শুভেচ্ছায় উত্তাল ইনস্টা |url=https://poridorshok.com/news/entertainment/actress-shreema-bhattacherjees-25th-birthday-celebration-see-pictures-with-rumored-boyfriend/ |access-date=2025-02-21 |website=poridorshok.com |language=bn}}</ref> in 2021 and 2022, respectively. However, she clarified that the matter regarding Sayanta Modak was just a rumour and that they were actually friends in 2021.<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?si=7Rr-yArrvjGPfu8I&v=16ifNaa8zKk&feature=youtu.be |title=সায়ন্তর সঙ্গে প্রেমের গুজব - মুখ খুললেন শ্রীমা {{!}} Exclusive Interview {{!}} Shreema Bhattacharya |date=2021-09-23 |last=Tollywood Focus Kolkata |access-date=2025-04-14 |via=YouTube}}</ref> It is also widely rumoured that she has a relationship with actor Indranil Chatterjee<ref>{{Cite web |last=Goswami |first=Ranita |date=2023-10-04 |title=‘যার মর্ম শুধু মনের মানুষ জানে’! বৃষ্টির দিনেই ইন্দ্রনীলকে প্রেম নিবেদন শ্রীমার |url=https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/actress-shreema-bhattacharjee-post-a-new-emotional-song-is-it-for-actor-indranil-chatterjee-31696412832213.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231012173135/https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/actress-shreema-bhattacharjee-post-a-new-emotional-song-is-it-for-actor-indranil-chatterjee-31696412832213.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=12 October 2023 |access-date=2025-04-15 |website=Hindustantimes Bangla |language=bn}}</ref> since 2022. They frequently shared posts together on social media. However, there have been no such posts in recent days. She has chosen not to comment on the matter.

==Career==
Shreema Bhattacherjee made her television debut in the [[Colors Bangla]] series ''Nagleela'', which was quite successful.<ref>{{Cite web |title=I wanted to be a news reader: Shreema Bhattacherjee |url=https://admin.tellychakkar.com/tv/tv-news/i-wanted-be-news-reader-shreema-bhattacherjee-160310 |access-date=2025-04-03 |website=admin.tellychakkar.com |language=en}}</ref> Her second television series was ''[[Jamai Raja (2017 TV Series)|Jamai Raja]]'', which brought her immense success and popularity. Her portrayal of Nilasha Banerjee, also known as Neel, was well received by the audiences and appreciated by critics', earning her wide recognition. <ref>{{Cite news |date=2018-12-17 |title=Actress Shreema Bhattacharjee gets nostalgic about her 'Jamai Raja' days; take a look |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/bengali/actress-shreema-bhattacharjee-gets-nostalgic-about-her-jamai-raja-days-take-a-look/articleshow/67126552.cms |access-date=2025-02-11 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

Shreema made her silver screen debut with the comedy ''[[Teko (film)|Teko]]'', directed by Abhimanyu Mukherjee, which was released in November 2019.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2020-05-26 |title=Actress Shreema Bhattacharjee to feature in 'Priyo Tarokar Andarmohol' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/bengali/actress-shreema-bhattacharjee-to-feature-in-priyo-tarokar-andarmohol/articleshow/76003917.cms |access-date=2024-05-02 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

From 2021 to 2023, Shreema portrayed the female lead antagonist, Dyuti Bhattacharya, in the [[Star Jalsha]] series ''[[Gaatchora]]''. Her performance in the role was highly acclaimed by audiences and praised by critics' alike.<ref>{{Cite web |title=পর্দায় এবার 'গাঁটছড়া' বাঁধবেন গৌরব-শোলাঙ্কি, থাকবেন শ্রীমা, অনুষ্কা, অনিন্দ্য, রিয়াজও |url=https://bengali.abplive.com/photo-gallery/entertainment/bengali-serial-new-bengali-serial-gantchhora-to-be-coming-soon-853653 |access-date=2024-05-02 |website=ABP Bengali |date=18 December 2021 |language=bn}}</ref>
Besides, she debuted on the OTT platform with the Hoichoi web series ''Srikanto.''

==Television==
{| class= "wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year !! Title !! Role !! Channel
|-
|2016-2017||''Naagleela''||Ganga (Lead role)||[[Colors Bangla]]
|-
|2017-2018||''[[Jamai Raja (2017 TV Series)|Jamai Raja ]]''||Nilasha Banerjee aka Neel (Lead role-Female)||[[Zee Bangla]]
|-
|2019||''Mahaprabhu Shree Chaitanya''||Bishnupriya (Supporting role)||[[Colors Bangla]]
|-
|2020-2021||''[[Beder Meye Jyotsna (TV series)|Beder Meye Jyotsna]]''||Rohini (Lead role)<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-12-13 |title=রূপকথার নায়িকা হয়ে টেলিপর্দায় ফিরলেন শ্রীমা |url=https://bengali.indianexpress.com/entertainment/shreema-bhattacharjee-as-rohini-in-sun-bangla-fantasy-beder-meye-jyotsna-170469/ |access-date=2024-03-15 |website=Indian Express Bangla |language=bn}}</ref>||[[Sun Bangla]]
|-
|2021||''Jay Jagannath''||Jambobati (Cameo appearance)<ref>{{Cite web |last=সংবাদদাতা |first=নিজস্ব |title=Shreema-Bipul: ধারাবাহিক 'জয় জগন্নাথ'-এর বিপুলকে আচমকা দেখা গেল নৈশভোজে শ্রীমার সঙ্গে |url=https://www.anandabazar.com/entertainment/actor-shreema-bhattacharya-gives-a-birthday-treat-to-her-actor-friend-bipul-patra-dgtl/cid/1334020 |access-date=2024-03-15 |website=www.anandabazar.com |language=bn}}</ref>||[[Colors Bangla]]
|-
|2021-2023||''[[Gaatchora]]''||Dyuti Bhattacharya (Lead antagonist-Female)||[[Star Jalsha]]
|-
|2024|||''Basu Paribar''||Neela (Lead role-Female; later replaced by Sampurnaa Mandal)<ref>{{Cite web |title=রাতারাতি মুখ বদল নায়িকার! মাঝপথেই 'বসু পরিবার' থেকে কেন সরে এলেন শ্রীমা ভট্টাচার্য? |url=https://www.aajkaal.in/story/25940/bengali_actress_shreema_bhattacharya_is_left_sun_bangla_serial_basu_paribar_and_sampurna_mondal_is_playing_that_role_ent |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241112063230/https://aajkaal.in/story/25940/bengali_actress_shreema_bhattacharya_is_left_sun_bangla_serial_basu_paribar_and_sampurna_mondal_is_playing_that_role_ent |url-status=dead |archive-date=12 November 2024 |access-date=2024-10-12 |website=aajkaal.in |language=en}}</ref>||[[Sun Bangla]]
|-
|}

==Filmography==
{| class= "wikitable sortable"
! Year !! Film !! Role !! Director !! Notes
|-
|2019||''[[Teko (film)|Teko]]''||Rupa||Abhimanyu Mukherjee||Debut film
|-
|2025
|''[[Omorshongi|Omor Shongi]]''<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-05-29 |title=''এখন বাংলা সিরিয়ালেরও কোনও ভরসা নেই'': শ্রীমা ভট্টাচার্য |url=https://kolkata24x7.in/entertainment/shreema-bhattacharya-talks-about-her-views-about-upcoming-serial/ |access-date=2024-06-13 |website=Latest Bengali News, News in Bangla, বাংলা নিউজ – Kolkata24x7 |language=bn}}</ref>||Shree||Dibyi Chatterjee||
|-
|2026||''Promoter Boudi''||Sushmita||Sourya Deb||
|-
|Upcoming||''Take Care Bhalobasa''||Saanjana||Soumojit Adak||
|-
|Upcoming||''Made in Kolkata''||Priyanjali||[[Mainak Bhaumik]]||
|-
|Upcoming||''Kottha''||Ananya||Sayan Basu Chowdhury||
|-
|Upcoming||''Anumaner Bhitite''||TBA||Abhigyan Mukherjee||
|-
|}

==Telefilm==
{| class= "wikitable sortable"
! Year !! Title !! Role !! Channel
|-
|2018||''Mittir Parar Maradona''||Soheli||[[Zee Bangla Cinema]]
|-
|2021||''Mon Kharaper Osudh''||Ishani Ghosh||[[Zee Bangla Cinema]]
|}

==Web series==
{| class= "wikitable sortable"
! Year !! Title !! Director !! Role !! Platform !! Notes
|-
|2022||''Srikanto''||Sani Ghose Ray||Annie||Hoichoi||Based on [[Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay]]'s novel ''[[Srikanta (book)|Srikanta]]''
|-
|}

==TVCs==
{| class= "wikitable sortable"
! Year !! Brand !! Director
|-
|2017||''[[Amazon (company)|Amazon]]''||
|-
|2019||''Kinley''||
|-
|2021||''Bactrol Soap''||
|-
|2021||''SNV Shopee''||Shib Ram Sharma
|-
|2022||''[[Shopsy (company) |Shopsy App]]''||
|-
|2022||''[[Sunsilk]]''||
|-
|2023||''Rich Marie'' ||
|-
|2023||''[[Amazon (company)|Amazon]]''||
|-
|}

==Mahalaya==
{| class= "wikitable sortable"
! Year !! Title !! Role !! Channel
|-
|2021||''Nabarupe Mahadurga''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Shreema Bhattacherjee: মহালয়ার প্রাক্কালে ব্রহ্মাণি রূপে শ্রীমা! অভিনেত্রীর স্নিগ্ধ রুপে মুগ্ধ নেটিজেনরা |url=https://www.bharatbarta.com/you-look-like-a-real-thakur-shrima-as-brahmani-before-mahalaya-there-were-new-surprises/ |access-date=2024-03-20 |website=Bharat Barta |date=5 October 2021 |language=en-US}}</ref>||Devi Mahagauri||[[Colors Bangla]]
|-
|}

==Pujo special show==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year !! Title !! Channel !! Role !! Co-anchor
|-
|2021||''Agomoni Aradhona''||[[Zee Bangla]]||Host||[[Aneek Dhar]]
|-
|}

==Music video==
{| class= "wikitable sortable"
! Year !! Title !! Platform !! Director
|-
|2019||''Khachar Bhitor Achin Pakhi''||[[YouTube]]||Sandy Rong & Rahul
|-
|2021||''Tor Duchokhe''||[[YouTube]]||
|-
|2021||''Dugga Mai Ki Joy''||[[YouTube]]||Rahul Ghosh
|-
|2021||''Ami Chaichi Tomay''||[[YouTube]]||Prabitra Jana
|-
|2022||''Tumi Hou Jodi''||[[YouTube]]||
|-
|2023||''Besh Toh Chilam Ami''||[[YouTube]]||Rupanti Mallick
|-
|2023||''Moner Password''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Anupam Roy Song: ৬ বছর পর নতুন অ্যালবাম অনুপমের, গাইলেন শ্রীমা- রাহুলের 'মনের পাসওয়ার্ড' |url=https://bangla.aajtak.in/cinema-and-tv-serial-news/story/anupam-roy-new-album-moner-password-song-featuring-shreema-bhattacharjee-rahul-dev-bose-anupam-roy-romantic-song-soc-513779-2023-02-16 |access-date=2024-03-15 |website=Aaj Tak বাংলা |language=bn}}</ref>||[[YouTube]]||Rohan Basu
|-
|2025||''Bor Elo''<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-12-05 |title=বিয়ের মরশুমের নতুন গান 'বর এলো'তে নজরকাড়া শ্রীমা! বর বেশে চমক মৈনাকের |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bangla/photos/shreema-bhattacherjee-mainak-dhol-aakangsha-datta-new-music-vedio-bor-elo-is-out-now-271764872621477.html |access-date=2025-12-05 |website=Hindustan Times |language=bn}}</ref>||[[YouTube]]||SD dey
|-
|2026||''Hoye Jaa Sudhu Amar''||[[YouTube]]||Soumojit Adak
|-
|2026||''Jab Se Mili Tu''||[[YouTube]]||Susovon Sau
|-
|}

==Awards and nominations==
{| class= "wikitable sortable"
! Year !! Award !! Category !! Film/TV Show !! Result
|-
|rowspan="1"|2020
|Women Empowerment Award 2020
|
|{{n/a}}
|{{won}}
|-
|rowspan="2"|2021
|Bengali Icon Award
|Most Popular Face in Television
|{{n/a}}
|{{won}}
|-
|Black Binodini Photography festival 2021
|Photogenic Face of Bengal
|She te Biporit
|{{won}}
|-
|rowspan="2"|2022
|Social Star Awards 2022
|Best Actress in TV Industry
|{{n/a}}
|{{won}}
|-
|Bengali Icon Award
|Best Actress
|''[[Gaatchora]]''
|{{won}}
|-
|rowspan="3"|2023
|Josh Creator Awards
|Most Influential Creator (Gold)
|{{n/a}}
|{{won}}
|-
|Tolly Cine Samman 2023<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kolkata's Finest "Tolly Cine Samman 2023": A Night of Awards, Glamour, Inspiration, and Celebration! |url=https://www.aninews.in/news/business/business/kolkatas-finest-tolly-cine-samman-2023-a-night-of-awards-glamour-inspiration-and-celebration20230417192437/#:~:text=Arkajyoti%20Paul%20Chowdhury%20and%20Shreema,the%20best%20female%20lead%20character. |access-date=2024-09-14 |website=ANI News |language=en}}</ref>
|Best Parallel Lead Female
|''[[Gaatchora]]''
|{{won}}
|-
|TV9 Bangla Ghorer Bioscope Awards
|Best Supporting Actress-TV Serial
|''[[Gaatchora]]''
|{{nom}}
|-
|rowspan="1"|2024
|Serar Sera Somman 2024
|Best Actress
|''Basu Paribar''
|{{won}}
|-
|rowspan="1"|2025
|Serar Sera Somman 2025
|Most Versatile Actress
|{{n/a}}
|{{won}}
|-
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb name|12391367|Shreema Bhattacherjee}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bhattacherjee, Shreema}}
[[Category:1997 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Actresses from Kolkata]]
[[Category:Indian television actresses]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]

Yelganamoni Anjaiah Yadav

2026-04-23T08:04:37Z

FerminDodson605: New...

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2019}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Yelganamoni Anjaiah Yadav
| image = Anjaiah Yadav Y.jpg
| office = [[Member of Legislative Assembly|Member]] of [[Telangana Legislative Assembly]]
| constituency = [[Shadnagar (Assembly constituency)|Shadnagar]]
| term_start = 2014
| term_end = 2023
| successor = K. Shankaraiah
| birth_name = Anjaiah Yadav Yelganamoni
| party = [[Bharat Rashtra Samithi|BRS]]
| occupation = Politician
}}

'''Yelganamoni Anjaiah Yadav''' is a Member of the [[Telangana Legislative Assembly]] representing [[Shadnagar (Assembly constituency)|Shadnagar constituency]]. He belongs to the [[Telangana Rashtra Samithi]] party.<ref>{{cite web |title=Sri Anjaiah Yelganamoni |website=Telangana Legislative Assembly |url=https://www.telanganalegislature.org.in/web/legislative-assembly/members-information?p_auth=UnvJDOZT&p_p_id=AssemblyMemberInfo_WAR_TGportlet&p_p_lifecycle=1&p_p_state=normal&p_p_mode=view&p_p_col_id=column-1&p_p_col_count=1&_AssemblyMemberInfo_WAR_TGportlet_const_id=84&_AssemblyMemberInfo_WAR_TGportlet_javax.portlet.action=getMemberDetails&_AssemblyMemberInfo_WAR_TGportlet_mem_id=3096&_AssemblyMemberInfo_WAR_TGportlet_term_id=15 |accessdate=17 July 2021 |archive-date=17 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210717083526/https://www.telanganalegislature.org.in/web/legislative-assembly/members-information?p_auth=UnvJDOZT&p_p_id=AssemblyMemberInfo_WAR_TGportlet&p_p_lifecycle=1&p_p_state=normal&p_p_mode=view&p_p_col_id=column-1&p_p_col_count=1&_AssemblyMemberInfo_WAR_TGportlet_const_id=84&_AssemblyMemberInfo_WAR_TGportlet_javax.portlet.action=getMemberDetails&_AssemblyMemberInfo_WAR_TGportlet_mem_id=3096&_AssemblyMemberInfo_WAR_TGportlet_term_id=15 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Yelganamoni, Anjaiah}}
[[Category:1981 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Telangana MLAs 2014–2018]]
[[Category:Bharat Rashtra Samithi politicians]]
[[Category:Telangana MLAs 2018–2023]]

{{Telangana-TRS-politician-stub}}

Rajahmundry Rural Assembly constituency

2026-04-19T19:33:34Z

FerminDodson605: done!

{{short description|Constituency of the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2019}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Rajahmundry Rural
| map_image = Legislative Assembly constituencies of Andhra Pradesh (51-Rajahmundry Rural highlighted).png
| map_caption = Location of Rajahmundry Rural Assembly constituency within Andhra Pradesh
| mla = [[Gorantla Butchaiah Chowdary]]
| party = {{Party index link|Telugu Desam Party}}
| alliance = {{Party index link|National Democratic Alliance}}
| latest_election_year = [[2024 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2024]]
| state = [[Andhra Pradesh]]
| district = [[East Godavari district|East Godavari]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Rajahmundry Lok Sabha constituency|Rajahmundry]]
| reservation = None
| electors = 254,339
| established = 2008
| constituency_no = 51
| type = SLA
}}

'''Rajahmundry Rural Assembly constituency''' is a constituency in [[East Godavari district]] of [[Andhra Pradesh]] that elects representatives to the [[Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] in [[India]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ceoandhra.nic.in/ceoap_new/ceo/documents/Electors_Summary%20_25.03.2019.pdf|title=Electors Summary|date=25 May 2019|website=Chief Electoral Officer, Andhra Pradesh|access-date=24 May 2019}}</ref> It is one of the seven assembly segments of [[Rajahmundry Lok Sabha constituency]].<ref name="constituencies">{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf|title=Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008|date=17 December 2018|website=The Election Commission of India|pages=19, 30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181003220916/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf|archive-date=3 October 2018|url-status=dead|access-date=24 May 2019}}</ref>

[[Gorantla Butchaiah Chowdary]] is the current [[Member of Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]] of the constituency, having won the [[2024 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]] from [[Telugu Desam Party]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Assembly Election 2024 |url=http://results.eci.gov.in/ac/en/constituencywise/ConstituencywiseS011.htm |website=Election Commission of India |access-date=24 May 2019}}</ref> As of 2024, there are a total of 254,339 electors in the constituency.<ref name="electors">{{cite web|url=http://ceoandhra.nic.in/ceoap_new/ceo/documents/Electors_Summary%20_25.03.2019.pdf|title=Electors Summary|date=25 May 2019|website=Chief Electoral Officer, Andhra Pradesh|access-date=24 May 2019}}</ref>{{update after|2024|7}} The constituency was established in 2008, as per the ''Delimitation Orders (2008)''.

== Mandals ==

The mandals and wards that form the assembly constituency are:<ref name="constituencies" />

{{srn}}
{|class="wikitable sortable static-row-numbers static-row-header-hash"
!Mandal
|-
| [[Kadiam]]
|-
| [[Rajahmundry Rural]]
|-
| [[Rajahmundry Municipal Corporation]] (Ward No.1 to 6, 36 to 41 and 90)
|-
|}

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Member
! colspan="2" | Political party
|-
| [[2009 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2009]]
| [[Chandana Ramesh]]
| {{Full party name with color|Telugu Desam Party|rowspan=4}}
|-
| [[2014 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2014]]
| rowspan=3 |[[Gorantla Butchaiah Chowdary]]
|-
| [[2019 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2019]]
|-
| [[2024 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2024]]
|}

== Election results ==
=== 2024 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2024 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Rajahmundry Rural<ref name="Election Commission of India">{{cite news |title=General Election to Assembly Constituencies: Trends & Results June-2024 |publisher=Election Commission of India |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/AcResultGenJune2024/candidateswise-S0151.htm |access-date=4 June 2024 |date=4 June 2024 |archive-date=}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Telugu Desam Party
|candidate = [[Gorantla Butchaiah Chowdary]]
|votes = 129,060
|percentage = 63.87
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = YSR Congress Party
|candidate = [[Chelluboyina Venugopala Krishna]]
|votes = 64,970
|percentage = 32.15
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Balepalli Muralidhar
|votes = 2,728
|percentage = 1.35
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = NOTA
|candidate = None Of The Above
|votes = 2,699
|percentage = 1.34
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 64,090
|percentage = 32.17
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 1,99,219
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Telugu Desam Party
|loser = YSR Congress Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2019 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2019 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Rajahmundry Rural}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Telugu Desam Party
|candidate = [[Gorantla Butchaiah Chowdary]]
|votes = 74,166
|percentage = 39.28
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = YSR Congress Party
|candidate = Akula Veerraju
|votes = 63,762
|percentage = 33.77
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Janasena Party
|candidate = [[Kandula Lakshmi Durgesh Prasad|Kandula Durgesh]]
|votes = 42,685
|percentage = 22.61
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 10,404
|percentage = 5.51
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes =
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Telugu Desam Party
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2014 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2014 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Rajahmundry Rural}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Telugu Desam Party
|candidate = [[Gorantla Butchaiah Chowdary]]
|votes = 87,540
|percentage = 52.22
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = YSR Congress Party
|candidate = [[Akula Veerraju]]
|votes = 69481
|percentage = 41.45
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 18,058
|percentage = 10.77
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 167,626
|percentage = 73.85
|chance = +1.15
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Telugu Desam Party
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2009 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2009 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Rajahmundry Rural}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Telugu Desam Party
|candidate = [[Chandana Ramesh]]
|votes = 44,617
|percentage = 32.39
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Praja Rajyam Party
|candidate = [[Ravanam Swami Naidu]]
|votes = 43,070
|percentage = 31.27
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = [[J. Vijaya Lakshmi]]
|votes = 38,340
|percentage = 27.83
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 1,547
|percentage = 1.12
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 137,742
|percentage = 72.70
|change =
}}
{{Election box new seat win|
|winner = Telugu Desam Party
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

== See also ==
* [[List of constituencies of the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Coord|17.067|81.777|display=title}}
{{Assembly constituencies of Andhra Pradesh}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:East Godavari district]]
[[Category:Rajahmundry]]
[[Category:Politics of Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:2008 establishments in Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 2008]]

Dongargarh Assembly constituency

2026-04-19T19:20:39Z

FerminDodson605: Put up new info!

{{short description|Legislative Assembly constituency in Chhattisgarh State, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2021}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Dongargarh
| mla = Harshita Swami Baghel
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]
| latest_election_year = [[2023 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
| preceded_by = Bhuneshwar Shobharam Baghel
| state = [[Chhattisgarh]]
| district = [[Rajnandgaon district|Rajnandgaon]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Rajnandgaon (Lok Sabha constituency)|Rajnandgaon]]
| established = 1952
| reservation = SC
| electors = {{formatnum:209950}}<ref name=election2023>{{cite web |url=https://www.eci.gov.in/mp-legislative-election-2023-statistical-report |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2023 to the Legislative Assembly of Madhya Pradesh |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=26 January 2023 |url-access=limited}}</ref>{{update after|2029|1}}
| type = SLA
| constituency_no = 74
| map_image = Dongargarh Assembly constituency map.svg
}}

'''Dongargarh''' is one of the 90 [[Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]] constituencies of [[Chhattisgarh]] state in [[India]].<ref name=delimitation2008>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3931-delimitation-of-parliamentary-assembly-constituencies-order-2008/ |title=Delimitation of Parliamentary & Assembly Constituencies Order - 2008 |website=Election Commission of India |date=26 November 2008 |accessdate= 12 February 2021}}</ref><ref name=ceomap>{{cite web |url=https://ceochhattisgarh.nic.in/en/new-maps-assembly-constituency |title=New Maps of Assembly Constituency |website=ceochhattisgarh.nic.in| access-date=1 September 2021}}</ref> It is in [[Rajnandgaon district]] and is reserved for candidates belonging to the [[Scheduled Castes]]. It is a segment of [[Rajnandgaon (Lok Sabha constituency)|Rajnandgaon]] [[constituency]] in the [[Lok Sabha]].

== Members of Assembly ==

{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Election
!Name
! colspan="2" |Party
|-
! colspan=4|[[Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]
|-
|[[1952 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1952]]
| rowspan="2" |Vijaylal
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=6}}
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[1957 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1957]]
|-
|Bhootnath
|-
|[[1962 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1962]]
|rowspan=2 |Ganeshmal Bhandari
|-
|[[1967 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
|-
|[[1972 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1972]]
|Hiraram Ramsewak
|-
|[[1977 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1977]]
|Vinayak Meshram
|{{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}
|-
|[[1980 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1980]]
|Tuman Lal
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress (Indira)}}
|-
|[[1985 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1985]]
|rowspan=4 |Dhanesh Kumar Patila
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=4}}
|-
|[[1990 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1990]]
|-
|[[1993 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1993]]
|-
|[[1998 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1998]]
|-
! colspan=4|[[Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly]]
|-
|[[2003 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election|2003]]
|Vinod Khandekar
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=3}}
|-
|[[2008 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election|2008]]
|Ramji Bharti
|-
|[[2013 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election|2013]]
|Sarojini Banjare
|-
|[[2018 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election|2018]]<ref name=election2018/>
|Bhuneshwar Shobharam Baghel
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[2023 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
|[[Harshita Swami Baghel]]
|}

==Election results==

===2023===

{{Election box begin | title=[[2023 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election]]: Dongargarh<ref name=election2023/>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|candidate = [[Harshita Swami Baghel]]
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = 89,145
|percentage = 51.59
|change = -2.56
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Vinod Khandekar|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|votes=74,778|percentage=43.27|change=+11.18}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Bahadur Kurre|party=Bahujan Samaj Party|votes=2,032|percentage=1.18|change=-2.18}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[None of the Above]]|party=None of the above|votes=1,679|percentage=0.97|change=-1.46}}
{{Election box majority|votes=14,367|percentage=8.32|change=-13.74}}
{{Election box turnout|votes=172,810|percentage=82.31|change=-0.39}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = Indian National Congress
|loser = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2018===

{{Election box begin | title=[[2018 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election]]: Dongargarh<ref name=election2018>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/9643-statistical-data-of-general-election-to-chhatisgarh-assembly/ |title=State Election, 2018 to the Legislative Assembly Of Chhattisgarh |website=Election Commission of India |date= |accessdate= 1 September 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|candidate = Bhuneshwar Shobaram Baghel
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = 86,949
|percentage = 54.15
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Sarojini Banjare
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = 51,531
|percentage = 32.09
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Tarun Kumar Hathel
|party = Independent politician
|votes = 6,699
|percentage = 4.17
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Mishri Lal Markande
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|votes = 5,388
|percentage = 3.36
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = [[None of the Above]]
|party = None of the above
|votes = 3,896
|percentage = 2.43
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = 35,418
|percentage = 22.06
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 160,127
|percentage = 82.7
|change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = Indian National Congress
|loser = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2013===
* Sarojini Banjare (BJP): 67,158 votes<ref name="elections2013">{{cite web |title=Chhattisgarh Assembly Election Results in 2013 |url=https://www.elections.in/chhattisgarh/assembly-constituencies/2013-election-results.html |accessdate=2020-06-26 |website=elections.in}}</ref>
* Dr. Thaneshwar Patila (INC): 62,474 votes

===2003===
* Vinod Khandekar (BJP): 55,188 votes<ref name="elections2003">{{cite web |title=Chhattisgarh Assembly Election Results in 2003 |url=https://www.elections.in/chhattisgarh/assembly-constituencies/2003-election-results.html |accessdate=2020-06-26 |website=elections.in}}</ref>
* Dhanesh Patila (INC): 40,711 votes

==See also==
*[[List of constituencies of the Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly]]
*[[Rajnandgaon district]]

== References ==
{{reflist|1}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Chhattisgarh}}

{{coord|21.19|80.76|display=title}}

[[Category:Rajnandgaon district]]
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Chhattisgarh]]
[[Category:Politics of Chhattisgarh]]
[[Category:2003 establishments in Chhattisgarh]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 2003]]

Bethel Ashram, Thiruvalla

2026-04-14T02:16:40Z

FerminDodson605: added a post...

{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2019}}
{{Infobox organization
| name = Bethel Ashram, Thiruvalla
| image =
| type = [[Community]]
| location = [[India]]
| headquarters = Warikad, [[Thiruvalla]]
| founder = Miss Edith Neve & Miss Rachel Joseph
| founded = 1922
| founding_location = [[Alappuzha]]
| website = https://www.bethelashram.org
}}

'''Bethel Ashram''' is an institution which exclusively works for needs among [[women]]. The ashram is situated at Warikkad, [[Thiruvalla]] in [[Kerala]] state of [[India]].

==History==
In 1922, Miss Edith Neve, a C.M.S. missionary, felt the need to serve the women of the diocese in a wider sphere than in the training school (B.I. Pallom) where she was working. Miss Rachel Joseph, a high school teacher, joined her in the new venture. They rented a house in Alappuzha and undertook various activities among the women there. The name 'Bethel' was adopted, and their work soon attracted women students from all parts of the Diocese.
Bethel moved to permanent quarters at Warikkad, Tiruvalla, in 1926.<ref>[http://www.csimichigan.org/CKD_Chapter2.htm History of Bethel Ashram]</ref>

==Location==
Bethel Ashram is located at Warikkad which is on the [[Thiruvalla]]–[[Mallapally]] road and has an area of 20 acres.

==Administration==
The ashram is managed by [[Madhya Kerala Diocese]] of [[Church of South India]]. The administration of the ashram is handled by sisters at Bethel Ashram. The current Bethel mother is Sister Shanta Joseph and Asst. Mother is Sister P. J Annnama.

==Activities==
The ashram runs an old age home which caters to elderly people and mentally ill patients. A nursery school which is named 'Shanti Nursery School', an orphanage and a playschool is also functioning at Bethel Ashram. Two boarding homes which is named as 'Shanti' and 'Love cottage' has the facility to study up to 7th standard. A chapel has been constructed at Bethel Ashram in 1935 and been consecrated the same year itself. A community center which is called 'Karunalayam' provides training to women in [[sewing]] and [[Stitch (textile arts)|switching]].

==Bethel Ashram branches==
Bethel Ashram has various branches in [[Kerala]] at [[Trichur]], [[Melukavu]], Fern Hill bethel at [[Trivandrum]] and Kallada, which is near [[Kollam]]. Outside [[Kerala]] the branches are at [[Parkal]], Bhagirathapetta and Patpara.

==See also==
*[[Madhya Kerala Diocese]]
*[[Church of South India]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{coord missing|Kerala}}

[[Category:Religious buildings and structures in Pathanamthitta district]]
[[Category:1932 establishments in India]]

P. C. Haldar

2026-04-11T12:37:46Z

FerminDodson605: creating!

{{Short description|20th Director of the Intelligence Bureau, India}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Pradyot Chandra Haldar
| office = 20th [[Director of the Intelligence Bureau]]
| term_start = January 2007
| term_end = December 2008
| image =
| predecessor = [[E. S. L. Narasimhan]]
| successor = [[Rajiv Mathur]]
| prime_minister =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1947|01|21}}
| birth_place =
| service_years =
| rank = [[File:IPS 4 star.png|25px]] [[Director of the Intelligence Bureau]]
| honorific_prefix = 20th [[Director of the Intelligence Bureau|Director]] of [[Intelligence Bureau (India)|Intelligence Bureau]] (DIB)
| honorific_suffix = [[Indian Police Service|IPS]]
}}

'''Pradyot Chandra Haldar''' (best known as '''P. C. Haldar''')<ref>{{cite book |title=The Civil List of Indian Police Service |date=1974 |publisher=[[Ministry of Home Affairs]], [[Government of India]] |page=14 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Policy Perspectives Foundation |url=https://ppf.org.in/about-us/governing-council/pradyot-chandra-haldar |website=Policy Perspectives Foundation |access-date=28 December 2025 |language=en}}</ref> is a retired [[Indian Police Service|IPS officer]] who served as 20th [[Director of the Intelligence Bureau|Director]] of [[Intelligence Bureau (India)|Intelligence Bureau of India]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Tikku |first1=Aloke |title=PC Haldar will take over reins of Intelligence Bureau |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/pc-haldar-will-take-over-reins-of-intelligence-bureau/story-sZN3dyzS1qe6VqMqu6raXI.html |access-date=31 December 2025 |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |date=26 December 2006 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Raghavan |first1=V. R. |last2=Hazarika |first2=Sanjoy |author1-link=V. R. Raghavan |title=Conflicts in the Northeast: Internal and External Effects |date=10 November 2011 |publisher=Vij Books India Pvt Ltd |isbn=978-93-82573-48-7 |page=44 |language=en}}</ref>

== Police career ==
Haldar is a 1970 batch IPS officer of the Bihar cadre.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Farson |first1=Stuart |last2=Gill |first2=Peter |last3=Phythian |first3=Mark |last4=Shpiro |first4=Shlomo |title=PSI Handbook of Global Security and Intelligence [2 Volumes]: National Approaches |date=30 April 2008 |publisher=Bloomsbury Academic |isbn=978-0-275-99206-4 |page=221 |language=en}}</ref>

In 1990s, Haldar played a key role as negotiator between [[Government of India]] and [[Northeast India|North Eastern]] insurgents.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Khosa |first1=Aasha |title=Aasha Khosa: Fatal failure |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/opinion/aasha-khosa-fatal-failure-108120801038_1.html |access-date=21 January 2026 |work=[[Business Standard]] |date=29 January 2013}}</ref>

Haldar, on 24 September 2008, informed the then [[Director general of police|DGP]] of [[Maharashtra]] about [[Lashkar-e-Taiba|LeT]]'s planning of attack in several places of the state priors to [[2008 Mumbai attacks|Mumbai attacks, November 2008]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Raza |first1=M. Maroof |author1-link=Maroof Raza |title=Confronting Terrorism |date=2009 |publisher=Penguin Books India |isbn=978-0-670-08369-5 |page=103 |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Confronting_Terrorism/Zn65l2PdfYIC?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=%22P.+C.+Haldar%22+-wikipedia&pg=PA103&printsec=frontcover |language=en}}</ref>

Haldar was also the [[Interlocutor (politics)|interlocutor]] between the [[Government of India]] and militant outfits including [[United Liberation Front of Asom|ULFA]] and [[National Democratic Front of Boroland|NDFB]] till 2015.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Talukdar |first1=Sushanta |title=Former IB chief warns of security issues in North East |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/former-ib-chief-warns-of-security-issues-in-north-east/article5649219.ece |url-access=subscription |access-date=31 December 2025 |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=3 February 2014 |language=en-IN}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Gupta Kashyap |first1=Samudra |title=Haldar interlocutor for ULFA talks |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/news-archive/web/haldar-interlocutor-for-ulfa-talks/ |url-access=subscription|access-date=31 December 2025 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |date=17 June 2010 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Historic Agreement Signed between Centre, Assam Govt. and UPDS |url=https://www.pib.gov.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=77623&reg=3&lang=2 |website=[[Press Information Bureau]] |access-date=31 December 2025}}</ref>

Halder also served in [[British High Commission]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Tikku |first1=Aloke |title=Haldar is new IB chief |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/haldar-is-new-ib-chief/story-0bodn7M1ydmt8EaguEBLVL.html |access-date=31 December 2025 |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |date=27 December 2006 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Dayal |first1=John |title=Gujarat 2002: Untold and Re-told Stories of Hindutva Lab |date=2003 |publisher=Justice & Peace Commission and All India Christian Council |isbn=978-81-7495-114-4 |page=522 |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==

{{reflist}}

[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1947 births]]
[[Category:Directors of Intelligence Bureau (India)]]
[[Category:Indian Police Service officers]]

Hemang Joshi

2026-04-05T03:36:20Z

FerminDodson605: new a post

{{Short description|Member of Parliament from Vadodara constituency}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Dr. Hemang Joshi
| office1 = [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha]]
| constituency1 = [[Vadodara Lok Sabha constituency|Vadodara]]
| term_start1 = 4 June 2024
| term_end1 =
| predecessor1 = [[Ranjanben Bhatt]]
| successor1 =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1991|1|31|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Porbandar]], [[Gujarat]], India
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| occupation = Politician
}}

'''Dr. Hemang Joshi''' (born 31 January 1991) is an Indian politician and a member of the [[Lok Sabha]] from the [[Vadodara Lok Sabha constituency]].<ref name="eci">{{Cite web |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/PcResultGenJune2024/candidateswise-S0620.htm |title=Election Commission of India |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=5 June 2024}}</ref> He is a member of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]].<ref name="eci"/><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/elections/lok-sabha/india/bjps-hemang-joshi-youngest-candidate-in-gujarat-aims-for-10-lakh-vote-margin-in-vadodara/articleshow/109461156.cms |title=BJP's Hemang Joshi, the youngest candidate in Gujarat, aims for 10 lakh vote margin in Vadodara |publisher=[[Times of India]] |access-date=5 June 2024}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/candidates/LokSabha2024/dr-hemang-joshi-3606/ |title=Dr. Hemang Joshi, BJP candidate bio: Assets, Total Income, Liabilities, Criminal Cases and other details |work=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=5 June 2024}}</ref> In the [[2024 Indian general election|2024 general election of India]], he defeated Jashpalsinh Mahendrasinh Padhiyar of the [[Indian National Congress]] by 582,126 votes.<ref name="eci"/><ref name="Doctors {{!}} Healthy corps">{{cite news|last1=India Today|title=Doctors {{!}} Healthy corps|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/cover-story/18th-lok-sabha-the-debutants/story/20240722-doctors-healthy-corps-2565856-2024-07-13|accessdate=9 November 2024|date=13 July 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20241109153202/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/cover-story/18th-lok-sabha-the-debutants/story/20240722-doctors-healthy-corps-2565856-2024-07-13|archivedate=9 November 2024|language=en}}</ref>

His previous career was in human resources.<ref>https://www.thehindu.com/elections/candidates/LokSabha2024/dr-hemang-joshi-3606/</ref> Joshi notably questioned opposition leader [[Rahul Gandhi]] over the well being of a fellow BJP MP after a scuffle in Lok Sabha.<ref>https://indianexpress.com/article/political-pulse/first-time-bjp-mp-on-whose-complaint-rahul-was-booked-over-parliament-scuffle-hemang-joshi-9739199/</ref>

==See also==
* [[18th Lok Sabha]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Portal bar|India|Politics}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Joshi, Hemang}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Gujarat]]
[[Category:Indian Hindus]]
[[Category:Lok Sabha members from Gujarat]]
[[Category:India MPs 2024–2029]]
[[Category:1991 births]]

Kalishankar (2007 Odia film)

2026-03-31T06:41:39Z

FerminDodson605: Made redirect

#REDIRECT [[List of Indian Bengali films of 2007]] {{R from merge}}

Hinduism in Mauritius

2026-03-28T22:56:58Z

FerminDodson605:

{{Short description|none}}
{{Infobox religious group
| group = Hinduism in Mauritius
| flag = File:Aum_Om_red.svg
| flag_size = 50px|
| image = Statue_Durga_Mata.jpg
| image_size = 200px
| image_alt =
| image_caption = [[Durga]] in Ganga Talao
| population = {{circa|591,319}} (2022 census) ('''47.87%''' of total population)
|languages= {{Plain list|
* '''Sacred''': [[Sanskrit]] and [[Old Tamil]]
* '''Majority''': [[Bhojpuri language|Bhojpuri]]-[[Awadhi language|Awadhi]], [[Hindi language|Hindi]]-[[Urdu language|Urdu]], [[Marathi languages|Marathi]], [[Tamil language|Tamil]], [[Telugu language|Telugu]], [[Mauritian Creole]], [[English language|English]], [[French language|French]] and [[Languages of South Asia|other South Asian languages]]
}}
| religions = '''[[Hinduism]]''' '''Majority''' [[Sanātana Dharma]] '''Minority''' [[Arya Samaj in Mauritius|Arya Samaj]] and Others
}}

[[Hinduism]] came to [[Mauritius]] when [[Indian people|Indians]] were brought as indentured labourers to [[Isle de France (Mauritius)|French Mauritius]] and later, in much larger numbers, to [[British Mauritius]]' plantation fields and neighbouring islands in the [[Indian Ocean]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Meenakshi Thapan|title=Transnational Migration and the Politics of Identity|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1cjiKF_VucYC|year=2005|publisher=SAGE Publications|isbn=978-0-7619-3425-7|pages=65–67}}</ref><ref name="ht">{{cite web |url= http://www.hinduismtoday.com/modules/smartsection/item.php?itemid=3759|title= The Hindus of Mauritius|access-date=2007-04-25 |date=2003|last=Malik|first=Rajiv|work=Hinduism Today|publisher=Himalayan Academy}}</ref> These immigrants primarily came from what are now the [[India|Indian States]] of [[Bihar]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[Jharkhand]], [[Maharashtra]], [[Tamil Nadu]], [[Telangana]] and [[Andhra Pradesh]] and the [[Madhesh Province]] of [[Nepal]].<ref name="Younger2009p3">{{cite book |author=Paul Younger |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=F0X9eLq57ocC |title=New Homelands: Hindu Communities in Mauritius, Guyana, Trinidad, South Africa, Fiji, and East Africa |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2009 |isbn=978-0-19-974192-2 |pages=3–8, 30–31, 53–54}}</ref><ref name="CIATONGA">{{cite web |title=Africa: Mauritius |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/mauritius/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109090348/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/mauritius |url-status=dead |archive-date=January 9, 2021 |access-date=9 July 2020 |publisher=CIA The World Factbook}}</ref>

Hinduism is the largest religion in [[Mauritius]], accounting for approximately 47.87% of the current population according to the 2022 census.<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://statsmauritius.govmu.org/Documents/Census_and_Surveys/Census2022/HPC_TR_Vol2_Demography_Yr22.pdf | title=2022 Housing and population census - Republic of Mauritius | website=statsmauritius.govmu.org}}</ref> As such, Mauritius has the third largest percentage of Hindus in the world, after [[Nepal]] and [[India]], and remains the only country in [[Africa]] where Hinduism forms a plurality of the population.

== Demographics ==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year
! Percentage
! Change
|-
| '''1871'''
| '''51.97%'''
| -
|-
| '''1881'''
| '''55.99%'''
| style="background: #00A300" | '''+4.02%'''
|-
| '''1891'''
| '''56.10%'''
| style="background: lightgreen" | '''+0.11%'''
|-
| '''1901'''
| '''55.62%'''
| style="background: pink" | '''-0.48%'''
|-
| '''1911'''
| '''54.26%'''
| style="background: pink" | '''-1.36%'''
|-
| '''1921'''
| '''52.70%'''
| style="background: pink" | '''-1.56%'''
|-
| '''1931'''
| '''50.37%'''
| style="background: red" | '''-2.33%'''
|-
| '''1941'''
| '''47.26%'''
| style="background: red" | '''-3.11%'''
|-
| '''1951'''
| '''46.97%'''
| style="background: pink" | '''-0.29%'''
|-
| '''1961'''
| '''47.55%'''
| style="background: lightgreen" | '''+0.58%'''
|-
| '''1971'''
| '''49.56%'''
| style="background: #2EB82E" | '''+2.01%'''
|-
| '''1981'''
| '''50.65%'''
| style="background: lightgreen" | '''+1.09%'''
|-
| '''1991'''
| '''50.63%'''
| style="background: pink" | '''-0.02%'''
|-
| '''2001'''
| '''49.64%'''
| style="background: pink" | '''-0.99%'''
|-
| '''2011'''
| '''48.54%'''
| style="background: pink" |
'''-1.10%'''
|-
|'''2022'''
|'''47.87%'''
| style="background: pink" | '''-0.67%'''
|}

==History==
{{Historical populations
|type =
|footnote =
|1871 | 132,652
|1881 | 202,281
|1891 | 209,079
|1901 | 206,131
|1911 | 202,716
|1921 | 201,895
|1931 | 202,192
|1944 | 203,709
|1952 | 241,660
|1962 | 332,851
|1972 | 421,707
|1983 | 506,486
|1990 | 535,028
|2000 | 585,210
|2011 | 600,327
|2022 |591,319|align=left}}The European colonial powers banned slave capture and trading in the first half of the 19th century. The [[British Empire]] banned them in the early decades of the 19th century. However, demand kept rising for low cost, high intensity labor in colonial plantations of sugarcane, cotton, tobacco and other cash crops. The British Empire substituted the slave labour supplies from [[Africa]] with indentured labour supplies from [[Indian subcontinent|India]].<ref name="Younger2009p4">{{cite book|author=Paul Younger|title=New Homelands: Hindu Communities in Mauritius, Guyana, Trinidad, South Africa, Fiji, and East Africa |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=F0X9eLq57ocC |year=2009|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-974192-2|pages=3–4}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Steven Vertovik (Robin Cohen, ed.)|title=The Cambridge survey of world migration|year=1995|pages=[https://archive.org/details/cambridgesurveyo00robi/page/57 57–68]|publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-44405-7|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/cambridgesurveyo00robi/page/57}}</ref>

Indentured people brought from India were primarily Hindus, but also Muslims and Christians. They were subject to [[Indentured servant|indenture]], a long-established form of contract which bound them to forced labour for a fixed term; apart from the fixed term of servitude, this resembled slavery.<ref>{{cite book|title=New System of Slavery|first= Hugh | last=Tinker| year=1993| isbn=978-1-870518-18-5| publisher= Hansib Publishing, London}}</ref> The first ships carrying indentured labourers from India left in 1836.<ref name=britain1>{{cite web|title=Forced Labour| year=2010| publisher=The National Archives, Government of the United Kingdom| url= http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/pathways/blackhistory/india/forced.htm}}</ref> [[Sugarcane]], a crop that is native to India, does not grow in the cold latitudes such as those found in Europe, but grows in tropical latitudes. It was grown in large colonial tropical plantations to meet the growing European and American demand. It is these sugarcane and other tropical cash crop plantations that brought the indentured Hindus and other migrants from India to [[Republic of Mauritius|Mauritius]], and other tropical colonies such as [[Fiji]], [[Jamaica]], [[Trinidad]], [[Martinique]], [[Suriname]] among others.<ref name=britain1/>

The Hindus and non-Hindus who accepted indentured labour contracts and were brought to Mauritius faced difficult conditions in India. [[Poverty in India#Before Independence|Poverty in colonial India]], [[Starvation diet|starvation]], [[Epidemic|epidemics]] and severe periodic [[Famine in India|famines]] in [[British Raj]] were rampant during colonial rule.<ref name="Northrup1995p62">{{cite book|author=David Northrup|title=Indentured Labor in the Age of Imperialism, 1834-1922|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kS84AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA62|year=1995|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-48047-5|pages=62–67}}</ref><ref name="Emmer1986">{{cite book|author=Pieter C. Emmer|title=Colonialism and Migration; Indentured Labour Before and After Slavery |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cudhBAAAQBAJ |year=1986|publisher=Springer |isbn=978-94-009-4354-4|pages=194–199, for context see 187–199|chapter=Chapter 9: The meek Hindu, the recruitment of Indian indentured labourers for service overseas}}</ref> Millions of Indians died from mass starvation during the 19th-century British India.<ref name="Davis2002p6">{{cite book|author=Mike Davis|author-link=Mike Davis (scholar)|title=Late Victorian Holocausts: El Nino Famines and the Making of the Third World|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2LjYUY3LHkoC|year=2002|publisher=Verso Books|isbn=978-1-78168-061-2|pages=6–11, 54–59, 167–173}}</ref> The extreme circumstances broke families, villages and triggered migrations. By 1839, Mauritius already had 25,000 Indians working in slave-like conditions in its colonial plantations, but these were predominantly men since colonial labour laws prevented women and children from accompanying them. In the 1840s, a severe shortage of cheap labour in British plantation colonies led to the systematic shipment of a large number of Indian indentured labourers to Mauritius, both men and women, particularly from the ports of [[Port of Kolkata|Calcutta]], [[Bombay Port|Bombay]] and [[Madras Port|Madras]]. The Hindus and non-Hindus of India who arrived in Mauritius were a small percentage of the over 30 million indentured Indian workers shipped around the colonial world between the 18th and early 20th century (many of whom returned after serving for years on plantations).<ref name="Marriott2016">{{cite book|author=Michael Mann|editor=John Marriott |title=The Ashgate Research Companion to Modern Imperial Histories| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zs3OCwAAQBAJ | year=2016| publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-317-04251-8|chapter=Chapter 16: Circulation and Migration}}</ref>

By the time Mauritius gained independence from the British Empire, a majority of its population were of Indian heritage. About 70% of Mauritius' total population is of Indian origin. Those who identify as Hindu constitute about 48% of the total population, and make up about 69% of those of Indian origin.<ref>{{cite book|author=Patrick Eisenlohr|title=Little India: Diaspora, Time, and Ethnolinguistic Belonging in Hindu Mauritius|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QFzcGV9FlxgC|year=2006|publisher=University of California Press|isbn=978-0-520-24879-3|pages=7–8}}</ref>

==Languages==
The majority language spoken by Hindus, like with any other ethnic group on the island, is [[Mauritian Creole]]. [[Mauritian Bhojpuri]], [[Marathi language|Marathi]], [[Tamil language|Tamil]] and [[Telugu language|Telugu]] are still spoken but have been in sharp decline as mother tongue but are taught as ancestral languages in public schools.<ref name=eisenlohr51>{{cite book|author=Patrick Eisenlohr|title=Little India: Diaspora, Time, and Ethnolinguistic Belonging in Hindu Mauritius|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QFzcGV9FlxgC|year=2006|publisher=University of California Press|isbn=978-0-520-24879-3|pages=51–55}}</ref> Politically active Hindus have attempted to preserve [[Hindi]] by calling it their [[mother tongue]] and [[Indigenous language|ancestral language]], erasing differences between Bhojpuri and Hindi, despite the fact that the latter language was never spoken natively in Mauritius. Most Hindus mainly use Mauritian Creole in their daily lives – a [[French-based creole languages|French-based creole]] language that developed on the island in the colonial era, through contact between various groups, including Indians and Africans.<ref>{{cite book|author=Patrick Eisenlohr|title=Little India: Diaspora, Time, and Ethnolinguistic Belonging in Hindu Mauritius|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QFzcGV9FlxgC|year=2006|publisher=University of California Press|isbn=978-0-520-24879-3|pages=72–73}}</ref>

Mauritius produces many [[Bhojpuri language]] television programs on the [[Mauritius Broadcasting Corporation]], the state-owned TV channel.<ref name="eisenlohr67">{{cite book |author=Patrick Eisenlohr |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QFzcGV9FlxgC |title=Little India: Diaspora, Time, and Ethnolinguistic Belonging in Hindu Mauritius |publisher=University of California Press |year=2006 |isbn=978-0-520-24879-3 |pages=67–69, 207–208}}</ref> Hindus in Mauritius that widely use Bhojpuri reside in the rural south and the north-central region near [[:fr:La Nicolière|La Nicolière]]. They primarily hail from the [[Indo-Gangetic Plain|Gangetic plain regions]] of western [[Bihar|Bihar State]] and eastern [[Uttar Pradesh|Uttar Pradesh State]] of [[India]], and their mother tongue is a modified form – a [[Koiné language|koiné]] – of the original Bhojpuri language that is spoken in India by the [[Bhojpuri people]].<ref name="Hollup 1994 297">{{cite journal | last=Hollup | first=Oddvar | title=The Disintegration of Caste and Changing Concepts of Indian Ethnic Identity in Mauritius | journal=Ethnology | volume=33 | issue=4 | year=1994 | pages=297–316 | doi=10.2307/3773901 | doi-access=free | jstor=3773901 }}</ref>

==Social stratification and caste system==
The first [[Hindus]] that settled in Mauritius did not observe the [[Caste system in India|caste system]] and [[Inter-caste|inter-caste restrictions]] have been unimportant in Mauritius.<ref>{{cite journal | last=Grieco | first=Elizabeth M. | title=The Effects of Migration on the Establishment of Networks: Caste Disintegration and Reformation among the Indians of Fiji | journal=International Migration Review | volume=32 | issue=3 | year=1998 | pages=704–736 | doi=10.2307/2547769 | jstor=2547769 | pmid=12293998 }}</ref> Most scholars observe that this may be because "the economic and political conditions in the host societies where Indian indentured labourers were introduced had conditions that were not conducive to the maintenance of caste", and that caste was not a principle of social organisation as all Indian labourers ([[Coolie|Coolies]]) were "doing the same kind of work and sharing the same living conditions".<ref>{{cite journal | last=Jayawardena | first=Chandra | title=Migration and Social Change: A Survey of Indian Communities Overseas | journal=Geographical Review | volume=58 | issue=3 | year=1968 | pages=426–449 | doi=10.2307/212565 | jstor=212565 | bibcode=1968GeoRv..58..426J }}</ref>

However, casteism has become an integral part of Mauritian politics. The major political parties which are involved in general elections propose Hindu candidates on the basis of their castes in order to match the caste demographics of voters in each constituency and district.<ref>{{cite web |last1=G. |first1=R. |title=The fallacy of the caste system in Mauritius |date=7 June 2017 |url=https://lexpress.mu/idee/309149/fallacy-caste-system-mauritius |publisher=L'Express |access-date=2017-06-07}}</ref> Casteism is a major consideration by politicians who strictly respect this system although they tend to publicly deny its existence in Mauritius.<ref>{{cite web |title=Portrait: Atma Doolooa, un chamar fier de l'être |date=8 July 2012 |url=https://www.lemauricien.com/actualites/societe/portrait-atma-doolooa-chamar-fier-letre/119171/ |publisher=Le Mauricien |access-date=2012-07-08}}</ref> What is now known as the ''Vaish'' caste in Mauritius is a relatively recent innovation which did not exist when Coolies arrived on the island in and after 1836. In Mauritius, the term ''Vaish'' nowadays collectively refers to the sub castes Ahir, Koyri, Kurmi and Nonya.

Another relatively modern form of stratification emerged in 1983 when the [[Mauritian Militant Movement|MMM]] attempted to isolate the Hindi-speaking Hindus by inventing the new group ''TTM'' (Tamil, Telegu, Marathi). The MMM also attempted to separate the ''[[Ravived]]'' and ''Rajput'' castes from the ''Vaish'' group for political gains during the 1983 elections, but these methods failed as the MMM lost these elections after being in power for less than a year.<ref>{{cite web |title=Kurmi, Ahir, Blanc, Kurmi, Ahir, re-Ahir… |date=5 February 2017 |url=https://lexpress.mu/idee/299542/kurmi-ahir-blanc-kurmi-ahir-re-ahir |publisher=L'Express |access-date=2017-02-05}}</ref>

==Major Hindu festivals==

[[File:Mauritius Divali Diwali Lighting and Decorations 2010.jpg|thumb|]]<big>[[Hindu Festival of Lights|The Hindus in Mauritius observe major festivals, such as Divali in Port Louis above.]]</big>

* [[Maha Shivaratri|Mahashivratri]] ("The Great Night of Shiva") is one of the biggest Hindu festivals occurring on a public holiday celebrated in Mauritius mainly by [[Biharis|Bihari]] Hindus and also other Hindu communities. During this annual Hindu celebration, which takes place in the months of February and March, seven to sometimes forty days of [[fasting]] and ongoing preparations for [[pilgrimage]] to bring the [[Holy water|Ganga Jal]] from [[Ganga Talao]] finally lead up to an overnight [[vigil]] of [[Shiva|Lord Shiva]]'s worship.

Other important Hindu festivals in Mauritius include:<ref>{{cite book|author=Jan Dodd|title=Mauritius, Réunion & Seychelles|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=G_H5-2H_OcUC&pg=PA134|year=2004|isbn=978-1-74059-301-4|pages=93, 134 |publisher=Lonely Planet }}</ref>
* [[Thaipusam]] [[Kavadi Aattam|Cavadee]], honoring [[Batu Caves Murugan Statue|Lord Murugan]]/[[Kartikeya]]. This Hindu festival is particularly observed by [[Tamils|Tamil]] Hindus, hence is attributed as a public holiday to them.<ref>{{cite journal | last1=Xygalatas | first1=D. | last2=Mitkidis | first2=P. | last3=Fischer|display-authors=etal | first3=R. |title=Extreme Rituals Promote Prosociality | journal=Psychological Science | volume=24 | issue=8 | year=2013 | pages=1602–1605 | doi=10.1177/0956797612472910 | pmid=23740550| url=https://pure.au.dk/ws/files/54437983/Psychological_Science_2013_Xygalatas_0956797612472910.pdf }}</ref>
* [[Ganesh Chaturthi]], a Hindu festival occurring on a public holiday assigned to the extensive [[Marathi people|Marathi]]-speaking community, celebrates the birth of [[Ganesha|Lord Ganesha]].
* [[Shravani Mela|Shravan Maas]], an annual Hindu festival occurring during [[Shravana (month)|monsoon month]], is celebrated just like [[Maha Shivaratri|Mahashivratri]] on the island. [[Pilgrimage|Pilgrims]]/[[Devotion (group)|devotees]] fast during it and walk/travel to [[Ganga Talao]] to fetch [[Holy water|Ganga Jal]] so they can offer it on [[Lingam|Shivling]].
* [[Durga Puja in Kolkata|Durga Puja]]/[[Navaratri|Navratri]], celebrated in honour of the titular [[Durga|Goddess Durga]] over nine days and nine nights venerating her nine different forms. This Hindu festival comes twice in a year, during March to April months and October to November months.
* [[Diwali|Divali]] ("The Festival of Lights"), also known as Deepawali. This Hindu festival is a national public holiday in Mauritius. It is widely popular, cuts across ethnic barriers, with [[General Population (Mauritius)|Mauritian Christians]] observing it as well.
* [[Ugadi]]/[[Gudi Padwa]], a Hindu New Year festival occurring on a public holiday particularly observed by [[Telugu people|Telugus]] and [[Marathi people|Marathis]] respectively.
* [[Holi]] ("The Festival of Colors") is also widely popular and cuts across ethnic barriers where everyone celebrate it together. One day before it [[Holika Dahan]] is being performed together with [[Chowtal|Chawtaal]] which is an [[Indian folk music]].
* [[Rama Navami|Ram Nawmi]], celebrated in honour of the ideal King of [[Ayodhya (Ramayana)|Ayodhya]] [[Rama|Lord Rama]] who is the embodiment of a man's perfect character. Apart the [[Tamils|Tamil]] Hindus, other Hindu communities celebrate it grandly specially [[Awadhi people|Awadhis]]. Coincidently it comes together with March-April months of [[Durga Puja|Durga Nawmi]].
* [[Pongal (festival)|Pongal]]/[[Makar Sankranti]], a Hindu harvest festival dedicated to the [[Hindu deities|Sun God]] [[Surya]], particularly observed by [[Tamils|Tamil]] and [[Biharis|Bihari]] Hindus respectively. It is also known as [[Uttarayana|Uttarayan]] in other Hindu communities.
* [[Hanuman Jayanti]], a Hindu festival celebrating the birth of [[ape]] [[Hanuman|God Hanuman]] who is famous for his great devotion towards [[Rama|Lord Rama]]. On this occasion [[Hanuman Chalisa]] is being chanted 108 times.
* [[Krishna Janmashtami]], a Hindu festival celebrating the birth of [[Dvārakā|Dwarka]] King [[Krishna|Lord Krishna]]. Every year during this occasion [[ISKCON guru system|ISKCON]] organises the [[Jagannath]] [[Ratha Yatra|Rath Yatra]].

==Temples in Mauritius==

The [[International Society for Krishna Consciousness]] maintains several temples in [[Mauritius]].
<gallery mode="packed" heights="150px">
Ile maurice 1463a.jpg|[[Ganesha]]
Sagar Shiv Mandir 1.jpg|[[Sagar Shiv Mandir|Sagar Shiv Mandir, Poste de Flacq]]
Temple vers trou aux biches.JPG|[[Maheswarnath Mandir|Maheswarnath Mandir, Triolet]]
GangaTalaoLake.jpg|Temple at [[Ganga Talao]]'s [[Grand Bassin (Mauritius)|Grand Bassin]]
</gallery>

==See also==
{{Portal|Hinduism|Religion
}}
* [[Hinduism in Africa]]
* [[Religion in Mauritius]]
* [[Demographics of Mauritius]]
* [[Hindu eschatology]]

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

== External links ==

* {{Commons category-inline|Hinduism in Mauritius}}
{{Hinduism in Africa}}

[[Category:Hinduism in Mauritius| ]]
[[Category:Religion in Mauritius]]

Kamdev Singh

2026-03-26T21:07:36Z

FerminDodson605: quick rework section per sources after review

{{Short description|Indian criminal}}
'''Kamdev Singh''' (also spelled Kamdeo Singh; born c. 1930 – died 15 May 1980) was a gangster, smuggler and mafia strongman from [[Begusarai district]] of [[Bihar]], India. He was an anti-communist and for the locals of his hometown, he has been called a "Robin Hood" and "God".<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ahmed|first=Farzand|date=28 January 2014|orig-year=15 May 1980|title=After 20 years of terrorising, Kamdeo Singh lived by the gun and died by it|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/indiascope/story/19800515-after-20-years-of-terrorising-kamdeo-singh-lived-by-the-gun-and-died-by-it-806652-2014-01-28|access-date=2021-04-02|website=India Today|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=19 February 2014|orig-year=31 October 1979|title=Kamdeo Singh: The mafia don of Bihar as elusive as the Yeti|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/indiascope/story/19791031-kamdeo-singh-the-mafia-don-of-bihar-as-elusive-as-the-yeti-822453-2014-02-19|access-date=2021-04-02|website=India Today|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=स्वरोची|first=दीपक सिंह|date=15 September 2020|title=सम्राट कामदेव सिंह: बेगूसराय का वो नाम जो माफिया था और मसीहा भी|trans-title=Emperor Kamdev Singh: The name of Begusarai which was Mafia and also the Messiah|url=https://www.aajtak.in/elections/bihar-assembly-elections/story/kamdev-singh-begusarai-mafia-don-history-downtrodden-people-call-him-god-1129609-2020-09-15|access-date=2021-04-02|website=Aaj Tak|language=hi}}</ref> Kamdev Singh was hired by various politicians for booth capturing.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Chaudhary|first=Pranava K.|date=14 February 2005|title=Where booth capturing was born|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/where-booth-capturing-was-born/articleshow/1020435.cms|access-date=2021-04-02|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Vaishnav|first=Milan|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=g0nJDQAAQBAJ&q=criminals+of+bihar|title=When Crime Pays: Money and Muscle in Indian Politics|date=2017-01-24|publisher=Yale University Press|isbn=978-0-300-22474-0|pages=82|language=en}}</ref> His son is [[Rajkumar Singh (politician)|Rajkumar Singh]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Kumar|first=Rajiv|date=31 October 2020|title=A lot at stake for Left parties in Begusarai|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/a-lot-at-stake-for-left-parties-in-begusarai/articleshow/78959831.cms|access-date=2021-04-02|website=The Times of India|language=en|quote=Raj Kumar, who did his graduation from Delhi University in 1990, has a clean image with no criminal record. However, he is the son of Kamdeo Singh, the most dreaded gangster of the eastern part of India whose smuggling network extended from Nepal to far off Kolkata and Mumbai during the 70s.}}</ref>Known locally as “Samrat” (Emperor) and dubbed the “Pablo Escobar of Bihar,” he led an extensive criminal network spanning smuggling, dacoity, and political muscle-power operations. He was notorious for his anti-communist activities and was widely hired by politicians for booth capturing during elections.

==Early life and background==
Kamdev Singh was born circa 1930 into a Bhumihar family in the village of Naya Gaon, Matihani block, Begusarai district, Bihar.<ref name="aajtak_1129609">{{cite news |last=स्वरोची, दीपक सिंह |title=सम्राट कामदेव सिंह: बेगूसराय का वो नाम जो माफिया था और मसीहा भी |work=Aaj Tak |date=15 September 2020 |url=https://www.aajtak.in/elections/bihar-assembly-elections/story/kamdev-singh-begusarai-mafia-don-history-downtrodden-people-call-him-god-1129609-2020-09-15}}</ref> Little is recorded about his formal education; contemporaries describe him as semi-literate, having begun work as a cowherd before turning to crime.<ref name="HarperCollins is proud">{{cite news |agency=Storizen |title=HarperCollins is proud to announce Kamdev Singh: The Original Godfather of Indian Politics by Santosh Singh |work=Storizen |date=2022}}</ref>

==Rise as dacoit and criminal career==
Singh began his criminal career in the late 1950s as a dacoit operating in northern Bihar. By the late 1960s, he had established a powerful smuggling network that extended from Begusarai into neighboring districts, Uttar Pradesh, Nepal, and major Indian cities such as Kolkata and Mumbai. He amassed firearms and “maintained an army of gunners, mercenaries, and smugglers,” and by 1979 carried a ₹10,000 police bounty on his head.<ref name="indiatoday_19800515">{{cite news |first=Farzand |last=Ahmed |title=After 20 years of terrorising, Kamdeo Singh lived by the gun and died by it |work=India Today |date=15 May 1980 |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/indiascope/story/19800515-after-20-years-of-terrorising-kamdeo-singh-lived-by-the-gun-and-died-by-it-806652-2014-01-28}}</ref><ref name="indiatoday_822453">{{cite news |title=Kamdeo Singh: The mafia don of Bihar as elusive as the Yeti |work=India Today |date=19 February 2014 |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/indiascope/story/19791031-kamdeo-singh-the-mafia-don-of-bihar-as-elusive-as-the-yeti-822453-2014-02-19}}</ref>

==Anti-communist activities and political influence==
In the late 1960s and 1970s, Begusarai was known as the “Leningrad of the East” for its powerful Communist Party of India (CPI) presence. Singh emerged as the leading anti-communist enforcer in the region, engaging in violent confrontations that left dozens dead. His supporters viewed him as a Robin Hood-like figure opposing CPI excesses, while critics decried his use of terror to influence local politics.<ref name="aajtak_1129609"/><ref>{{cite news |last=Anand |first=Saffron |title=Saffron is the new red in Bihar’s Leningrad |work=The Times of India |date=5 September 2015 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/saffron-is-the-new-red-in-bihars-leningrad/articleshow/49030326.cms}}</ref>

He was frequently hired by political parties to carry out booth-capturing during elections, a practice well-documented in studies of money and muscle power in Indian politics.<ref>{{cite book |last=Vaishnav |first=Milan |title=When Crime Pays: Money and Muscle in Indian Politics |publisher=Yale University Press |year=2017 |page=82 |isbn=978-0-300-22474-0}}</ref>

==Booth capturing and electoral roles==
Singh's reputation for decisive action made him a go-to enforcer for local Congress and allied candidates. In the 1969 Bihar Legislative Assembly election, he forcibly seized as many as 34 polling booths in Matihani, ensuring a decisive victory for his patrons.<ref>{{cite news |last=राजेंद्र राजन |first= |title=बूथ कब्जाने का जनक: कामदेव सिंह के किस्से |work=Aaj Tak |date=15 September 2020}}</ref>

==Encounters and death==
On 15 May 1980, after multiple failed raids and tip-offs by corrupt officers, a combined force of Bihar Police and CRPF conducted a silent night operation in Naya Gaon. Accounts state that an alert Singh fled toward the Ganges but was shot and killed in an ensuing [[Encounter killing|encounter]]; his body, discovered on the riverbank the next morning, bore wounds consistent with both gunfire and injuries from a fall.<ref name="aajtak_1145866">{{cite news |last=स्वरोची, दीपक सिंह |title=बिहार: कैसे हुआ था सम्राट कामदेव का एनकाउंटर? एसपी की पत्नी ने सुनाई दास्तां |work=Aaj Tak |date=15 October 2020 |url=https://www.aajtak.in/elections/bihar-assembly-elections/story/taskar-samrat-kamdev-singh-mystery-about-his-encounter-who-was-kamdev-singh-1145866-2020-10-15}}</ref><ref name="indiatoday_19800515"/> His son, Rajkumar Singh, later alleged that the police “wrongly targeted” his father and that his death was an extrajudicial killing.<ref name="aajtak_1145866"/>

==Personal life and legacy==
Singh was survived by his wife and two sons. His elder son, Rajkumar Singh, entered electoral politics as an LJP candidate from Matihani in 2020, invoking his father's legacy among voters.<ref>{{cite news |last=KV Network |title=Begusarai: ‘तस्कर सम्राट’ कामदेव सिंह के बेटे राजकुमार को LJP ने दिया टिकट |work=Aaj Tak |date=15 October 2020 |url=https://www.aajtak.in/elections/bihar-assembly-elections/story/bihar-election-ljp-gave-ticket-to-kamdev-singh-son-rajkumar-singh-tstb-1146142-2020-10-15}}</ref>

Locally, Kamdev Singh is remembered ambivalently: celebrated by some as a protector of the downtrodden—earning monikers like “Robin Hood” and “God”.

==In popular culture==

Santosh Singh's Kamdev Singh: The Original Godfather of Indian Politics (2022) chronicles his life and times.<ref name="HarperCollins is proud"/>

Multiple documentaries and regional news segments have been produced, highlighting his dual image as a feared don and a folk-hero.<ref>{{cite news |last=KV Studio |title=कहानी बिहार वाले सम्राट कामदेव सिंह की |work=Facebook/kvnewsnetworkliv |date=2023}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Begusarai]] (municipality)
* [[Organised crime in India]]
* [[When Crime Pays: Money and Muscle in Indian Politics]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Organised crime in India}}

[[Category:Criminals from Bihar]]
[[Category:Indian anti-communists]]

K. Vijayan

2026-03-16T21:57:46Z

FerminDodson605: cleanup

{{Short description|Indian film director}}
{{EngvarB|date=September 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2014}}
{{Infobox person
| name = K. Vijayan
| image = K Vijayan - Director.jpg
| caption =
| birth_name = K. Sathyanathan
| birth_date = 7 December 1939
| birth_place = [[Tirur]], [[Kerala]], [[British Indian]]
| death_date = 21 July 1988 (aged 48)
| death_place = Chennai
| othername =
| yearsactive = 1969–1988
| spouse =
| parents =
| relatives =
| children =
| occupation = Director producer actor
}}

''' K. Vijayan''' (1933–1988) was an Indian film director. He predominantly worked in [[Tamil cinema]]. He mainly worked with [[Sivaji Ganesan]].<ref>{{cite web|title=K. Vijayan|url=http://www.cinesouth.com/cgi-bin/persondb.cgi?name=k.vijayan|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120722142500/http://www.cinesouth.com/cgi-bin/persondb.cgi?name=k.vijayan|url-status=dead|archive-date=22 July 2012|publisher=cinesouth.com|access-date=2 June 2011}}</ref> He directed many [[Malayalam cinema|Malayalam films]] as well.

==Career==
K. Vijayan was an employee of the [[Golden Rock Railway Workshop]] in [[Tiruchirappalli]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Dhananjayan |first=G. |author-link=G. Dhananjayan |title=PRIDE OF TAMIL CINEMA: 1931 TO 2013: Tamil Films that have earned National and International Recognition |title-link=Pride of Tamil Cinema |date=3 November 2014 |publisher=Blue Ocean Publishers}}</ref> His first role as lead actor was portraying [[Paadhai Theriyudhu Paar]] in 1960. By the end of that decade he started directing, mostly associated with Producer [[K.Balaji]] of Sujatha Cine Arts. During the 1970s and until the mid-1980s, he directed many [[Sivaji Ganesan]] movies, including ''[[Kaaval Dheivam]]'', ''[[Punniya Boomi]]'' and the 1979 blockbuster ''[[Thirisoolam]]''. His other notable movies include ''[[Vidhi (1984 film)|Vidhi]]'', ''[[Sattam]]'', ''[[Viduthalai (1986 film)|Viduthalai]]'', a remake of ''[[Qurbani (film)|Qurbani]]'' and ''[[Vandichakkaram]]''. He died in 1988 during the filming of ''[[En Rathathin Rathame]]'', which was eventually completed by his son [[Sundar K. Vijayan]].<ref name="su">{{Cite web |date=18 July 2018 |title=18 வயதில் இயக்குனர் ஆனேன்! |url=http://www.kungumam.co.in/Articalinnerdetail.aspx?id=13909&id1=3&issue=20180713 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20231031160256/http://www.kungumam.co.in/Articalinnerdetail.aspx?id=13909&id1=3&issue=20180713 |archive-date=31 October 2023 |access-date=1 November 2023 |website=Kungumam}}</ref>

His son was assisted by assistants including [[Samuthirakani]] and [[K. S. Adhiyaman]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Samuthirakani: My mother may not understand my work |url=http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/tamil/article/47525.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090614043552/http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/tamil/article/47525.html |archive-date=14 June 2009 |access-date=5 June 2011 |website=Indiaglitz.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=10 November 2006 |title="Bollywood respects directors coming from the south" |url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/ampquotbollywood-respects-directors-coming-from-the-southampquot/article18495557.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240611015712/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/ampquotbollywood-respects-directors-coming-from-the-southampquot/article18495557.ece |archive-date=11 June 2024 |access-date=11 March 2019 |work=The Hindu}}</ref>

== Partial filmography ==
{{unreferenced section|date= November 2022}}

===As director===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|- style="background:#000;"
! Year
! Film !! Language
|-
| 1969
| ''[[Kaaval Dheivam]]'' || Tamil
|-
| 1972
| ''[[Iniyoru Janmam Tharu]]'' || Malayalam
|-
| 1973
| ''Dheiva Vamsam'' || Tamil
|-
| 1974
| ''Ore Satchi'' || Tamil
|-
| 1975
| ''Puthu Vellam'' || Tamil
|-
| 1975
| ''[[Eduppar Kai Pillai]]'' || Tamil
|-
| 1976
| ''Madhana Maaligai'' || Tamil
|-
| 1976
| ''[[Rojavin Raja]]'' || Tamil
|-
| 1977
| ''[[Dheepam]]'' || Tamil
|-
| 1977
| ''[[Annan Oru Koyil]]'' || Tamil
|-
| 1978
| ''[[Thyagam]]'' || Tamil
|-
| 1978
| ''[[Rudra Thandavam (1978 film)|Rudhra Thaandavam]]'' || Tamil
|-
| 1978
| ''[[Punniya Boomi]]'' || Tamil
|-
| 1979
| ''[[Amar Deep (1979 film)|Amardeep]]'' || Hindi
|-
| 1979
| ''[[Thirisoolam]]'' || Tamil
|-
| 1979
| ''[[Nallathoru Kudumbam]]'' || Tamil
|-
| 1980
| ''[[Vandichakkaram]]'' || Tamil
|-
| 1980
| ''[[Ratha Paasam (1980 film)|Ratha Paasam]]'' || Tamil
|-
| 1980
| ''[[Doorathu Idi Muzhakkam|Doorathu Idhi Muzhakkam]]'' || Tamil
|-
| 1980
| ''[[Rusthum Jodi]]'' || Kannada
|-
| 1980
| ''Yeh Rishta Na Toote'' || Hindi
|-
| 1981
| ''Pennin Vazhkai'' || Tamil
|-
| 1981
| ''[[Aani Ver]]'' || Tamil
|-
| 1981
| ''[[Koyil Puraa]]'' || Tamil
|-
| 1982
| ''[[Auto Raja (1982 film)|Auto Raja]]'' || Tamil
|-
| 1983
| ''Neeru Pootha Neruppu'' || Tamil
|-
| 1983
| ''[[Sattam]]'' || Tamil
|-
| 1983
| ''[[Anantham Ajnatham]]'' || Malayalam
|-
| 1983
| ''Snehabandanam'' || Malayalam
|-
| 1984
| ''[[Thirakal]]'' || Malayalam
|-
| 1984
| ''[[Niraparaadhi]]'' || Tamil
|-
| 1984
| ''Karimbu'' || Malayalam
|-
| 1984
| ''Jeevitham'' || Malayalam
|-
| 1984
| ''[[Azhagu]]'' || Tamil
|-
| 1984
| ''[[Vidhi (1984 film)|Vidhi]]'' || Tamil
|-
| 1984
| ''[[Osai]]'' || Tamil
|-
| 1985
| ''Premapaasam'' || Tamil
|-
| 1985
| ''[[Vasantha Sena (1985 film)|Vasantha Sena]]'' || Malayalam
|-
| 1985
| ''Kaaval'' || Tamil
|-
| 1985
| ''[[Mangamma Sabadham (1985 film)|Mangamma Sabadham]]'' || Tamil
|-
| 1985
| ''[[Bandham (film)|Bandham]]'' || Tamil
|-
| 1986
| ''[[Viduthalai (1986 film)|Viduthalai]]'' || Tamil
|-
| 1986
| ''[[Anandha Kanneer]]'' || Tamil
|-
| 1987
| ''[[Vairagyam]]'' || Tamil
|-
| 1987
| ''[[Velicham]]'' || Tamil
|-
| 1987
| ''[[Krishnan Vandhaan]]'' || Tamil
|-
| 1987
| ''[[Thambathyam]]'' || Tamil
|-
| 1989
| ''[[En Rathathin Rathame]]'' || Tamil
|-
| 1995
| ''[[Aval Potta Kolam]]'' || Tamil
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb name|0897216}}

{{K. Vijayan}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Vijayan, K.}}
[[Category:1939 births]]
[[Category:1988 deaths]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian people]]
[[Category:Artists from Tiruchirappalli]]
[[Category:Film directors from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Hindi-language film directors]]
[[Category:Kannada film directors]]
[[Category:Malayalam film directors]]
[[Category:Place of birth missing]]
[[Category:Tamil film directors]]

Bhimbetka rock shelters

2026-03-09T12:14:51Z

FerminDodson605: General cleanup and content improvements

{{Short description|30,000+ years old archaeological World Heritage site in Madhya Pradesh, India}}
{{protection padlock|small=yes}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2019}}
{{Infobox UNESCO World Heritage Site
| WHS = Rock Shelters of Bhimbetka
| image = Rock Shelter 8, Bhimbetka 02.jpg
| image_upright = 1.2
| caption = Bhimbetka rock painting
| location = [[Raisen district]], [[Madhya Pradesh]], [[India]]
| Type =[[World Heritage Site]]
| ID = 925
| coordinates = {{coord|22.938415|N|77.613085|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
| year = 2003
| area = {{cvt|1893|ha|sqmi}}
| buffer_zone = {{cvt|10280|ha|sqmi}}
| locmapin = India#India Madhya Pradesh
| map_caption = Bhimbetka rock shelters,
Madhya Pradesh, India
|Criteria=Cultural: (iii), (v)
}}

The '''Bhimbetka rock shelters''' are an archaeological site in central [[India]] that spans the [[Paleolithic]] and [[Mesolithic]] periods, as well as the historic period.<ref name="PeregrineEmber2003p315">{{cite book|author1=Peter N. Peregrine|author2=Melvin Ember|title=Encyclopedia of Prehistory: Volume 8: South and Southwest Asia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=C-TQpUtI-dgC&pg=PA315 |year=2003|publisher=Springer Science |isbn=978-0-306-46262-7|pages=315–317}}</ref><ref name=alip15/> It exhibits the earliest traces of human life in India and evidence of the [[Stone Age]] starting at the site in [[Acheulean]] times.<ref>{{cite journal |title= Chronology of Indian prehistory from the Mesolithic period to the Iron Age|journal=Journal of Human Evolution|volume=7|pages=37–44|doi=10.1016/S0047-2484(78)80034-7 |quote=The microlithic occupation there is the last one, as the Stone Age started there with Acheulian times. These rock shelters have been used to light fires even up to recent times by the tribals. This is re-fleeted in the scatter of 14C dates from Bhimbetka|year=1978|last1=Agrawal|first1=D.P.|last2=Krishnamurthy|first2=R.V.|last3=Kusumgar|first3=Sheela|last4=Pant|first4=R.K.}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=07HGDQAAQBAJ&pg=PT7|title=A Short History of India: From the Earliest Civilisations to Today's Economic Powerhouse|page=17|publisher=Oldcastle Books Ltd|first=Gordon|last=Kerr|isbn=9781843449232|date=2017-05-25}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|author1=Neda Hosse in Tehrani|author2= Shahida Ansari| author3= Kamyar Abdi| title= Anthropogenic Processes in Caves/Rock Shelters in Izeh Plain (Iran) and Bhimbetka Region (India)|journal=Bulletin of the Deccan College Research Institute| volume=76|pages= 237–248| year=2016|quote=the rock shelter site of Bhimbetka in Madhya Pradesh exhibits the earliest traces of human life|jstor= 26264790}}</ref> It is located in the [[Raisen district]] in the Indian [[States and union territories of India|state]] of [[Madhya Pradesh]], about {{convert|45|km}} south-east of [[Bhopal]]. It is a [[UNESCO]] [[World Heritage Site]] that consists of seven hills and over 750 rock shelters distributed over {{Cvt|10|km}}.<ref name=alip15>Javid, Ali and Javeed, Tabassum (2008), ''World Heritage Monuments and Related Edifices in India'', Algora Publishing, 2008, pages 15–19</ref><ref>[https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/925/documents/ Rock Shelters of Bhimbetka: Advisory Body Evaluation], UNESCO, pages 43–44</ref> At least some of the shelters were inhabited more than 100,000 years ago.<ref name="alip15"/><ref>[https://whc.unesco.org/uploads/nominations/925.pdf Rock Shelters of Bhimbetka: Advisory Body Evaluation], UNESCO, pages 14–15</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Rock Shelters of Bhimbetka - A UNESCO Heritage Site in Madhya Pradesh {{!}} MP Tourism |url=https://www.mptourism.com/destination-bhimbetka.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250125135506/https://www.mptourism.com/destination-bhimbetka.php |archive-date=2025-01-25 |access-date=2025-02-14 |website=www.mptourism.com |language=en}}</ref>

The rock shelters and caves provide evidence of human settlement and the cultural evolution from hunter-gatherers to agriculture, and expressions of [[Prehistoric religion|prehistoric spirituality]].<ref name="britannicabhimbetka" />

Some of the Bhimbetka rock shelters feature prehistoric [[cave painting]]s and the earliest are dated to 10,000 BCE, corresponding to the Indian [[Mesolithic]].<ref name="YM">{{cite book |last1=Mathpal |first1=Yashodhar |title=Prehistoric Painting Of Bhimbetka |date=1984 |publisher=Abhinav Publications |isbn=9788170171935 |pages=220–227 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GG7-CpvlU30C&pg=PA220 |language=en|quote=The paintings of the earlier five phases ( A - E ) belong to the prehistoric or Mesolithic stage. The oldest of them may be dated to 10,000 BC}}</ref><ref name="facets">{{cite book|title=Gurudakshina: Facets of Indian Archaeology|page=32|quote=The oldest of them may be dated to 10,000 B.C. or even earlier.|publisher=[[British Archaeological Reports]]|author=Alok Kumar Kanungo}}</ref><ref name="SKT">{{cite book |last1=Tiwari |first1=Shiv Kumar |title=Riddles of Indian Rockshelter Paintings |date=2000 |publisher=Sarup & Sons |isbn=9788176250863 |page=189 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-jO0fvT4r9gC&pg=PA189 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Unesco">{{cite book |title=Rock Shelters of Bhimbetka |date=2003 |publisher=UNESCO |page=16 |url=https://whc.unesco.org/uploads/nominations/925.pdf}}</ref><ref name="SM">{{cite book |last1=Mithen |first1=Steven |title=After the Ice: A Global Human History, 20,000 - 5000 BC |date=2011 |publisher=Orion |isbn=9781780222592 |page=524 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Uaxg_QDSsrQC&pg=PT524 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="AJ">{{cite book |last1=Javid |first1=Ali |last2=Jāvīd |first2=ʻAlī |last3=Javeed |first3=Tabassum |title=World Heritage Monuments and Related Edifices in India |date=2008 |publisher=Algora Publishing |isbn=9780875864846 |page=19 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=54XBlIF9LFgC&pg=PA19 |language=en}}</ref> These cave paintings show themes such as animals, early evidence of dance and hunting from the Stone Age as well as of warriors on horseback from a later time (perhaps the Bronze Age).<ref name=bhim3/><ref name=bhim1/><ref>{{Cite book |author=Sanyal, Sanjeev |url=http://worldcat.org/oclc/855957425 |title=Land of the seven rivers : a brief history of India's geography |isbn=978-0-14-342093-4 |oclc=855957425}}</ref> The Bhimbetka site has the oldest-known rock art in India,<ref name="Pearsall2008p1951">{{cite book|author=Deborah M. Pearsall|title= Encyclopedia of archaeology|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=RnoUAQAAIAAJ|year =2008|publisher =Elsevier Academic Press|isbn=978-0-12-373643-7|pages=1949–1951}}</ref> as well as is one of the largest prehistoric complexes.<ref name=britannicabhimbetka/><ref>{{cite book|author1=Jo McDonald|author2=Peter Veth|title=A Companion to Rock Art|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=excwzC1zhY0C&pg=PT291|year=2012|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=978-1-118-25392-2|pages=291–293}}</ref>

== Location ==
[[File:Path way Bhembetika (2).jpg|thumb|[[Archaeological Survey of India]] monument number N-MP-225]]

The Rock Shelters of Bhimbetka are 45 kilometers south-east of Bhopal and 9  km from [[Obedullaganj]] city in the [[Raisen District]] of [[Madhya Pradesh]] at the southern edge of the [[Vindhya Range|Vindhya]] Range. South of these rock shelters are successive ranges of the [[Satpura]] hills. It is inside the ''[[Ratapani Wildlife Sanctuary]]'', embedded in sandstone rocks, in the foothills of the Vindhya Range.<ref name=britannicabhimbetka>[https://www.britannica.com/place/Bhimbetka-rock-shelters Bhimbetka rock shelters], Encyclopædia Britannica</ref><ref>[https://whc.unesco.org/uploads/nominations/925.pdf Rock Shelters of Bhimbetka: Continuity through Antiquity, Art & Environment], Archaeological Survey of India, UNESCO, pages 14–18, 22–23, 30–33</ref> The site consists of seven hills: Vinayaka, Bhonrawali, Bhimbetka, Lakha Juar (east and west), Jhondra and Muni Babaki Pahari.<ref name="PeregrineEmber2003p315"/>

== Background ==

=== Etymology ===

Bhimbetka meaning ''"Bhima's resting place"'' or ''"Bhima's lounge"'', is compound word made of ''[[Bhima]]'' (second brother among the five [[Pandavas]] of [[Mahabharata]]) and ''Baithaka'' (seat or lounge). According to the native belief, Bhima during his exile used to rest here to interact with the locals. Bhima Worshiped Mata Vaishavi at this location and blessed for concurring the forthcoming war. There is a famous Mata Vaishavi Temple existing at this place since long.<ref name=out1>[https://www.outlookindia.com/outlooktraveller/explore/story/70582/the-sudden-discovery-of-the-bhimbetka-rock-shelters Bhimbetka: An Accidental Find], Outlook, 22 June 2020.</ref>

=== History ===
[[File:Information Palette Bhimbetka (3).jpg|thumb|right|240px|upright=1.35|Bhimbetka location]]
[[File:1 of the rock shelter caves at Bhimbetka, Madhya Pradesh.jpg|thumb|right|240px|One of about 750 rock shelter caves at Bhimbetka.]]

W. Kincaid, a British India era official, first mentioned Bhimbetka in a scholarly paper in 1888. He relied on the information he gathered from [[adivasi]]s (tribals) about Bhojpur lake in the area and referred to Bhimbetka as a [[Buddhist]] site.<ref name=asiunesco54>[https://whc.unesco.org/uploads/nominations/925.pdf Rock Shelters of Bhimbetka: Continuity through Antiquity, Art & Environment], Archaeological Survey of India, UNESCO, page 54</ref> The first archaeologist to visit a few caves at the site and discover its prehistoric significance was [[V. S. Wakankar]], who saw these rock formations and thought these were similar to those he had seen in Spain and France. He visited the area with a team of archaeologists and reported several prehistoric rock shelters in 1957.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://whc.unesco.org/pg.cfm?cid=31&id_site=925|title=Rock Shelters of Bhimbetka|publisher=World Heritage Site|access-date=2007-02-15| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20070308082739/https://whc.unesco.org/pg.cfm?cid=31&id_site=925| archive-date= 8 March 2007 | url-status= live}}</ref>

It was only in the 1970s that the scale and true significance of the Bhimbetka rock shelters was discovered and reported.<ref name=asiunesco54/> Since then, over 700 rock shelters, out of which around 400 contain prehistoric paintings that date back to the Paleolithic and Mesolithic periods (over 30,000 years old) are identified<ref>{{cite web |title=Bhimbetka Rock Shelters – UNESCO World Heritage Site of Prehistoric Art |url=https://raisen.nic.in/en/tourist-place/bhimbetka-rock-shelters-unesco-world-heritage-site-of-prehistoric-art/ |website=Govt. Of Madhya Pradesh District Raisen |access-date=9 March 2026}}</ref>. The Bhimbetka group contains 243 of these, while the Lakha Juar group nearby has 178 shelters. According to [[Archaeological Survey of India]], the evidence suggests that there has been a continuous human settlement here from the [[Stone Age]] through the late [[Acheulian]] to the late [[Mesolithic]] until the 2nd century BCE in these caves. This information is based on the findings from the excavation of the site, the unearthed artifacts and goods, pigments present in deposits, as well as the rock paintings.<ref name=bhimbetka15>[https://whc.unesco.org/uploads/nominations/925.pdf Rock Shelters of Bhimbetka: Continuity through Antiquity, Art & Environment], Archaeological Survey of India, UNESCO, pages 15–16, 22–23, 45, 54–60</ref>

The site contains the world's oldest stone walls and floors.<ref>{{cite book|title=Indian Rock Art and Its Global Context|author1=Kalyan Kumar Chakravarty|author2=Robert G. Bednarik|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass|page=29}}</ref>

The origin of the raw materials utilized in certain [[monolith]]s uncovered at Bhimbetka has been traced back to Barkheda.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://whc.unesco.org/archive/advisory_body_evaluation/925.pdf | title = Bhimbetka (India) No. 925 | publisher = UNESCO World Heritage Centre | access-date = 2012-04-28 }}</ref>

The site consisting of 1,892 hectares was declared as protected under Indian laws and came under the management of the [[Archaeological Survey of India]] in 1990.<ref>[https://whc.unesco.org/uploads/nominations/925.pdf Rock Shelters of Bhimbetka: Continuity through Antiquity, Art & Environment], Archaeological Survey of India, UNESCO, pages 10, 53</ref> It was declared as a [[World Heritage Site]] by [[UNESCO]] in 2003.<ref name=britannicabhimbetka/><ref>[http://asi.nic.in/asi_monu_whs_rockart_bhimbetka.asp World Heritage Sites – Rock Shelters of Bhimbetka] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140327162814/http://asi.nic.in/asi_monu_whs_rockart_bhimbetka.asp |date=27 March 2014 }}, Archaeological Survey of India</ref>

== Auditorium cave ==
{{multiple image
| align = right
| image1 = Entrance of bhimbetka.jpg
| width1 = 160
| caption1 = Bhimbetka quartzite towers
| image2 = Entry to "Auditorium Cave".jpg
| width2 = 160
| caption2 = Auditorium cave
}}

Of the numerous shelters, the Auditorium cave is one of the significant features of this site. Surrounded by [[quartzite]] towers which are visible from several kilometres' distance, the Auditorium rock is the largest shelter at Bhimbetka. [[Robert G. Bednarik]] describes the prehistoric Auditorium cave as one with a "cathedral-like" atmosphere, with "its Gothic arches and soaring spaces".<ref name=bednarik63/> Its plan resembles a "right-angled cross" with four of its branches aligned to the four cardinal directions. The main entrance points to the east. At the end of this eastern passage, at the cave's entrance, is a boulder with a near-vertical panel that is distinctive, one visible from distance and all directions. In archaeology literature, this boulder has been dubbed as "Chief's Rock" or "King's Rock", though there is no evidence of any rituals or its role as such.<ref name=bednarik63/><ref>Robert Bednarik (1993), Palaeolithic Art in India, ''Man and Environment'', Volume 18, Number 2, pages 33–40</ref><ref>{{cite book | last=Singh | first=Manoj Kumar | title=Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology | chapter=Bhimbetka Rockshelters | publisher=Springer New York | year=2014 | isbn=978-1-4419-0426-3 | doi=10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_2286 | pages=867–870}}</ref> The boulder with the Auditorium cave is the central feature of the Bhimbetka, midst its 754 numbered shelters spread over few kilometres on either side, and nearly 500 locations where rock paintings can be found, states Bednarik.<ref name=bednarik63>Robert G Bednarik (1996), The cupules on Chief's Rock, Auditorium Cave, Bhimbetka, The Artifact: Journal of the Archaeological and Anthropological Society of Victoria, Volume 19, pages 63–71</ref>

== Rock art and paintings ==

The rock shelters and caves of Bhimbetka have a large number of paintings. Some of the oldest paintings are dated to 10,000 BCE,<ref name="YM"/><ref name="facets"/><ref name="SKT"/><ref name="Unesco"/><ref name="SM"/><ref name="AJ"/> but some of the geometric figures date to as recently as the [[Middle Ages|medieval period]]. The drawings and paintings can be classified under seven different periods. [[V. S. Wakankar]] classified the drawings and paintings into seven different periods and dated the earliest paintings to have belonged to the upper Palaeolithic to be as early as 40,000 years ago.<ref>{{cite book | last=Agrawal | first=D.P. | last2=Kharakwal | first2=J.S. | title=Central Himalayas: An Archaeological, Linguistic, and Cultural Synthesis | publisher=Aryan Books International | year=1998 | isbn=978-81-7305-132-6 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6zVuAAAAMAAJ| page=66|quote=Based on C - 14 dates they are placed between 40,000 and 25,000 BP ( Wakankar 1987)}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | last=Bednarik | first=Robert G. | title=Art Origins | journal=Anthropos | publisher=Anthropos Institut | volume=89 | issue=1/3 | year=1994 | issn=0257-9774 | jstor=40463849 | pages=169–180 | url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/40463849 | access-date=2022-11-03}}</ref> The colours used are vegetable colours which have endured through time because the drawings were generally made deep inside a niche or on inner walls.

'''Period I''' – ([[Upper Paleolithic]]): These are linear representations in green of humans dancing and hunting.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Dubey-Pathak |first1=Meenakshi |title=Rock art of the Bhimbetka period in India |journal=Adoranten 2014 |date=2014 |url=https://www.rockartscandinavia.com/images/articles/a14pathak.pdf |access-date=13 September 2021 |publisher=Tanums Hällristningsmuseum Underslös}}</ref>

'''Period II''' – ([[Mesolithic]]): Comparatively small in size the stylised figures in this group show linear decorations on the body. In addition to animals there are human figures and hunting scenes, giving a clear picture of the weapons they used: barbed [[spear]]s, pointed sticks, [[bow and arrow|bows and arrows]].<ref name=bhim3/><ref name=bhim1/><ref name=bhim2/> Some scenes are interpreted as depicting tribal war between three tribes symbolised by their animal totems.<ref name="PeregrineEmber2003p315"/><ref>{{cite book|title=South Asian Prehistory: A Multidisciplinary study|author=D. P. Agrawal, J. S. Kharakwal |page=149 |publisher =Aryan Books International}}</ref> The depiction of communal dances, birds, musical instruments, mothers and children, pregnant women, men carrying dead animals, drinking and burials appear in rhythmic movement.<ref name=bhim3>Yashodhar Mathpal, 1984, [https://books.google.com/books?id=GG7-CpvlU30C&pg=PA214 Prehistoric Painting Of Bhimbetka], Page 214.</ref><ref name=bhim1>M. L. Varad Pande, Manohar Laxman Varadpande, 1987, [https://books.google.com/books?isbn=8170172217 History of Indian Theatre], Volume 1, Page 57.</ref><ref name=bhim2>[https://books.google.com/books?isbn=8170171539 Dance In Indian Painting], Page xv.</ref>

'''Period III''' – ([[Chalcolithic]]) Similar to the paintings of the Mesolithic, these drawings reveal that during this period the cave dwellers of this area were in contact with the agricultural communities of the [[Malwa]] plains, exchanging goods with them.

'''Period IV & V''' – (Early historic): The figures of this group have a schematic and decorative style and are painted mainly in red, white and yellow. The association is of riders, depiction of religious symbols, tunic-like dresses and the existence of scripts of different periods. The religious beliefs are represented by figures of [[yaksha]]s, tree gods and magical sky chariots.{{citation needed|date=March 2018}}

'''Period VI & VII''' – ([[Medieval India|Medieval]]): These paintings are geometric linear and more schematic, but they show degeneration and crudeness in their artistic style. The colors used by the cave dwellers were prepared by combining black [[manganese oxide]]s, red [[hematite]] and [[charcoal]].

One rock, popularly referred to as "Zoo Rock", depicts [[elephant]]s, [[barasingha]] (swamp deer), [[bison]] and [[deer]]. Paintings on another rock show a [[peacock]], a [[snake]], a deer and the sun. On another rock, two elephants with tusks are painted. Hunting scenes with hunters carrying bows, [[arrow]]s, [[sword]]s, and shields also find their place in the community of these pre-historic paintings. In one of the caves, a bison is shown in pursuit of a hunter while his two companions appear to stand helplessly nearby; in another, some horsemen are seen, along with archers. In one painting, a large wild bovine (possibly a [[gaur]] or [[bison]]) is seen.{{citation needed|date=March 2018}}

Yashodhar Mathpal has conducted a very careful study of the various animals depicted in these rock shelters. He has identified sloth bear, wolf, hyaena, rhinoceros, wild cattle, deer, antelopes, hare, monkeys, anteater, rats, fish, turtle, peafowl, some birds without any details among the wild animals and a domesticated dog. Deer and antelope are amongst the most numerous of the wild animals depicted. The pictures include groups of hunters; one such group is depicted as running away from a rhinoceros. Other groups are engaged in hunting deer, antelopes and other prey. Spear and bow and arrow are the main weapons of hunt; fish and turtle are being caught in a net, and rats are being driven out of their burrows to be caught. The paintings are classified largely in two groups, one as depictions of hunters and food gatherers, and in others as fighters, riding on horses and elephant carrying metal weapons. The first group of paintings date to prehistoric times while second one dates to historic times.<ref>{{cite book|title=Prehistoric Painting Of Bhimbetka|page=225|publisher=Abhinav Publications|year=1984|first=Yashodhar|last=Mathpal}}</ref><ref name=Javidp20>{{cite book| author =Javid, Ali and Javeed, Tabassum |title=World Heritage Monuments and Related Edifices in India|publisher=Algora Publishing|year= 2008|page=20}}</ref> Most of the paintings from the historic period depict battles between rulers carrying swords, spears, bows and arrows.<ref name=Javidp20/>

In one of the desolate rock shelters, the painting of a man holding a trident-like staff and dancing has been nicknamed "[[Nataraj]]" by archaeologist [[V. S. Wakankar]].<ref>{{cite book|title= Rock-art of India: Paintings and Engravings|page=123|publisher=Arnold-Heinemann|first=Kalyan Kumar|last=Chakravarty|quote=Nataraj figures from BHIM III E-19 and one from III F −16 are well decorated in fierce mood. Probably they represent conception of a fierce deity like Vedic Rudra.(Wa.kankar, op. cit)'.}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Riddles of Indian Rockshelter Paintings|author=Shiv Kumar Tiwari|page=245|publisher=Sarup & Sons}}</ref> It is estimated that paintings in at least 100 rock shelters might have eroded away.<ref>{{cite book|title=After the Ice: A Global Human History, 20,000–5000 BC|page=401|first=Steven|last=Mithen|publisher=Harvard University Press|year=2006|isbn=9780674019997}}</ref>
<gallery mode="packed" style="font-size:88%; line-height:130%; border-bottom:1px #aaa solid;" heights="150">
File:Dancing painting at Bhimbetka.jpg|Mesolithic dancers

File:Rock Shelter 15, Bhimbetka 02.jpg|A man being attacked by a horned bovine.
File:Bhimbetka.JPG|Rock painting dated to 8,000 - 3,000 BCE depicting a humpless [[bovine]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Mathpal |first1=Yashodhar |title=Prehistoric Painting Of Bhimbetka |date=1984 |publisher=Abhinav Publications |isbn=978-81-7017-193-5 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Sen |first1=Sailendra Nath |title=Ancient Indian History and Civilization |date=1999 |publisher=New Age International |isbn=978-81-224-1198-0 |language=en}}</ref>
File:Bhimbetka rock paintng1.jpg|people hunting animal
File:Bhimbetka Cave Paintings.jpg|People riding horses holding weapons
File:Rock Shelter at Bhimbetka.jpg|Man riding elephant
File:Bhimbetka Natraj painting.jpg|An eroded painting in the caves showing a man dancing and holding a trident-like staff
</gallery>

== "''Dickinsonia'' fossils" ==
{{see also | Fossil parks in India | l1= Fossil sites in India }}

[[Fossil]]s of ''[[Dickinsonia|Dickinsonia tenuis]]'', an early animal from the [[Ediacaran|Ediacaran Period]], were reported from Bhimbetka; they were said to be similar to [[Ediacaran biota|D. tenuis fossils]] found in the [[Ediacara Hills]] in [[South Australia]]. From this, several [[Palaeogeography|paleogeographic]] conclusions were made, such as the [[Gondwana#Formation|formation of Gondwanaland]] by 550 million years ago.<ref name="DG">{{cite journal |last1=Retallack |first1=Gregory J. |last2=Matthews |first2=Neffra A. |last3=Master |first3=Sharad |last4=Khangar |first4=Ranjit G. |last5=Khan |first5=Merajuddin |date=2021 |title=Dickinsonia discovered in India and late Ediacaran biogeography |url=https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gr.2020.11.008 |journal=Gondwana Research |language=en |volume=90 |pages=165–170 |doi=10.1016/j.gr.2020.11.008|s2cid=229451488 |url-access=subscription }}</ref> However, later examination showed that the purported fossil material was simply decayed remnants of a beehive.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Meert |first1=Joseph G. |last2=Pandit |first2=Manoj K. |last3=Kwafo |first3=Samuel |last4=Singha |first4=Ananya |date=2023-01-13 |title=Stinging News: 'Dickinsonia' discovered in the Upper Vindhyan of India Not Worth the Buzz |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1342937X23000254 |journal=Gondwana Research |volume=117 |pages=1–7 |language=en |doi=10.1016/j.gr.2023.01.003 |s2cid=255846878 |issn=1342-937X|url-access=subscription }}</ref>

== Similar sites in India==
{{see also | Archaeology in India}}

Some Mesolithic sites with cave art, tools, paintings, etc. are [[Anangpur#Cave|Anangpur Caves]] ([[Faridabad]]) and [[Mangar Bani#Cave|Mangar Bani Caves]] ([[Gurugram]]) in [[Delhi NCR]], and [[Pahargarh Caves]] ([[Morena, Madhya Pradesh|Morena]]) in [[Madhya Pradesh]].{{Citation needed|date=January 2024}}

== See also ==
* [[Belum Caves]]
* [[List of Stone Age art#Cave paintings and Rock art|Cave paintings and other rock art]]
* [[Cave paintings in India]]
* [[Cumbe Mayo]], Peru
* [[Pahargarh Caves]]
* [[Petroglyph National Monument]]
* [[Rock art]]
* [[Rock carvings at Alta]]
* [[Rock shelters of Madhya Pradesh]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Wikivoyage|Bhimbetka}}
{{Commons category|Rock shelters of Bhimbetka}}
* [https://whc.unesco.org/pg.cfm?cid=31&id_site=925 UNESCO World Heritage: Rock Shelters of Bhimbetka]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20151115173325/http://vm.kemsu.ru/en/mezolith/bhimpet.html Prehistoric Art of Bhimbetka]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20021105115224/http://www.geocities.com/Athens/Parthenon/2686/bhimbetka_index.htm Bhimbetka Gallery by A. N. Maheshwari]
* [http://www.kamat.com/kalranga/rockpain/betaka.htm Pre-historic Paintings of Bhimbetka by L. L. Kamat]
* [http://www.bradshawfoundation.com/india/ The Rock Art of Central India]
* [http://www.rupestre.net/tracce/?p=3585 TRACCE Online Rock Art Bulletin photogallery by Sarbanidas Roy]

{{World Heritage Sites in India}}
{{Navbox prehistoric caves}}
{{Tourism in India}}
{{Prehistoric technology}}
{{Narmada basin}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bhimbetka Rock Shelters}}
[[Category:1888 archaeological discoveries]]
[[Category:World Heritage Sites in India]]
[[Category:Caves of Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Archaeological sites in Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Bhopal]]
[[Category:Prehistoric art in India]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Raisen district]]
[[Category:Rock art in India]]
[[Category:Caves containing pictograms in India]]
[[Category:Rock shelters]]
[[Category:World Heritage Sites in Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Prehistoric sites in India]]

Rifle Club (film)

2026-03-08T06:52:04Z

FerminDodson605: creating!

{{Short description|2024 Indian film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2024}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Rifle Club
| image = Rifle_Club_Poster.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Aashiq Abu]]
| writer = {{Plainlist|
* [[Syam Pushkaran]]
* [[Dileesh Nair|Dileesh Karunakaran]]
* [[Suhas-Sharfu|Suhas]]
* [[Suhas-Sharfu|Sharfu]](uncredited)<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2024/Nov/21/aashiq-abus-rifle-club-gets-a-release-date |title=Aashiq Abu's Rifle Club gets a release date |website=[[Cinema Express]] |date=21 November 2024}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.reddit.com/r/InsideMollywood/comments/1i0acmc/any_tea_on_this_rifle_club_crew_change/?rdt=52022 |title=Any tea on this Rifle Club crew change? |date=13 January 2025}}</ref>
}}
| producer = {{Plainlist|
* [[Aashiq Abu]]
* Vincent Vadakkan
* Vishal Vincent Tony
}}
| starring = {{Plainlist|
* [[Dileesh Pothan]]
* [[Anurag Kashyap]]
* [[Vijayaraghavan]]
* [[Vani Viswanath]]
* [[Unnimaya Prasad]]
* [[Darshana Rajendran]]
* [[Surabhi Lakshmi]]
* [[Hanumankind]]
* [[Vineeth Kumar]]
* [[Suresh Krishna (actor)|Suresh Krishna]]
* Vishnu Agasthya
* Ramzan Muhammad
}}
| narrator =
| music = [[Rex Vijayan]]
| cinematography = Aashiq Abu
| editing = [[Editor|V. Saajan]]
| studio = {{Plainlist|
* OPM Cinemas
* TRU Stories
}}
| distributor = Sree Gokulam Movies (Worldwide) 
Dream Big Films
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2024|12|19}}<ref>{{Cite news |title='Rifle Club' release date: Aashiq Abu's film to hit the big screens on THIS date |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/rifle-club-release-date-aashiq-abus-film-to-hit-the-big-screens-on-this-date/articleshow/115547054.cms |access-date=22 November 2024 |website=[[The Times of India]] |language=en |archive-date=22 November 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241122022726/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/rifle-club-release-date-aashiq-abus-film-to-hit-the-big-screens-on-this-date/articleshow/115547054.cms |url-status=live}}</ref>
| runtime = 120 minutes
| country = India
| language = Malayalam
| budget = ₹10 crore
| gross = ₹30 crore<ref>{{Cite news |title=Rifle Club Worldwide Box Office Closing: Aashiq Abu's quirky-thriller-drama heads for a good Rs 30 crore closing |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/box-office/rifle-club-worldwide-box-office-closing-aashiq-abus-quirky-thriller-drama-heads-for-a-good-rs-30-crore-closing-1365999 |access-date=7 January 2024 |website=[[Pinkvilla]] |language=en |archive-date=7 January 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250107141905/https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/box-office/rifle-club-worldwide-box-office-closing-aashiq-abus-quirky-thriller-drama-heads-for-a-good-rs-30-crore-closing-1365999 |url-status=live}}</ref>
}}'''''Rifle Club'''''<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/malayalam/aashiq-abu-film-rifle-club-release-date-announced-article-115532758 |title=Aashiq Abu's Rifle Club Release Date Announced! |work=Rohit Panikker |publisher=[[Times Now]] |date=22 November 2024 |accessdate=2 December 2024 |archive-date=3 December 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241203031303/https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/malayalam/aashiq-abu-film-rifle-club-release-date-announced-article-115532758 |url-status=live}}</ref> is a 2024 Indian [[Malayalam]]-language [[action comedy film]] directed by [[Aashiq Abu]] and written by [[Syam Pushkaran]], [[Dileesh Nair|Dileesh Karunakaran]], and [[Suhas-Sharfu|Suhas]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=Ittiyanam and family set to make Christmas explosive! Release poster for "Rifle Club" unveiled |url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/movies-music/news/rifle-club-aashiq-abu-christmas-release-1.10103060 |access-date=23 November 2024 |website=[[Mathrubhumi]] |language=en |archive-date=23 November 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241123074454/https://english.mathrubhumi.com/movies-music/news/rifle-club-aashiq-abu-christmas-release-1.10103060 |url-status=live}}</ref> The film is produced by [[Aashiq Abu]], Vincent Vadakkan, and Vishal Vincent Tony under the banners of OPM Cinemas and TRU Stories. The film features [[Dileesh Pothan]], [[Vijayaraghavan]], [[Vani Viswanath]], [[Anurag Kashyap]], [[Suresh Krishna (actor)|Suresh Krishna]], [[Vineeth Kumar]], [[Hanumankind]], [[Ramzan Muhammed]], [[Unnimaya Prasad]], [[Darshana Rajendran]] and [[Surabhi Lakshmi]].<ref>{{Cite news |title='Gandharva Ganam': Rex Vijayan's party track from 'Rifle Club sets the mood |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/music/gandharva-ganam-rex-vijayans-party-track-from-rifle-club-sets-the-mood/articleshow/115514986.cms |access-date=21 November 2024 |website=[[The Times of India]] |language=en |archive-date=21 November 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241121053226/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/music/gandharva-ganam-rex-vijayans-party-track-from-rifle-club-sets-the-mood/articleshow/115514986.cms |url-status=live}}</ref>

The project was officially announced on 16 March 2024. Principal photography began on 20 March 2024, with filming taking place in [[Mundakayam]], the Rajahmundry forest, [[Thrissur]], and [[Ernakulam]]. The production was completed on 19 July 2024. The film's music was composed by [[Rex Vijayan]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/2024/Nov/07/vani-viswanath-is-ittiyanam-in-aashiq-abu-directorial-rifle-club |title=Vani Viswanath is Ittiyanam in Aashiq Abu directorial 'Rifle Club' |work=[[The New Indian Express]] |date=7 November 2024 |accessdate=2 December 2024 |archive-date=3 December 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241203202443/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/2024/Nov/07/vani-viswanath-is-ittiyanam-in-aashiq-abu-directorial-rifle-club |url-status=live}}</ref> It marks the acting debut of rapper [[Hanumankind]] and the Malayalam debut of [[Anurag Kashyap]].{{fact|date=May 2025}}

The film was released on 19 December 2024 and received mixed-to-positive reviews.<ref>{{cite web |date=19 December 2024 |title='Rifle Club' movie review: Aashiq Abu's stylish film is a treat to watch, but needed better writing |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/rifle-club-movie-review-aashiq-abus-stylish-film-is-a-treat-to-watch-but-needed-better-writing/article69004570.ece |accessdate=20 December 2024 |work=[[The Hindu]] |archive-date=19 December 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241219131500/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/rifle-club-movie-review-aashiq-abus-stylish-film-is-a-treat-to-watch-but-needed-better-writing/article69004570.ece |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=19 December 2024 |title=Rifle Club movie review: Aashiq Abu returns all guns blazing in this eclectic, explosive, and entertaining hunt |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/rifle-club-movie-review-aashiq-abu-returns-all-guns-blazing-in-this-eclectic-explosive-and-entertaining-hunt-9734365/ |accessdate=20 December 2024 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |archive-date=19 December 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241219210143/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/rifle-club-movie-review-aashiq-abu-returns-all-guns-blazing-in-this-eclectic-explosive-and-entertaining-hunt-9734365/ |url-status=live}}</ref> It was a commercial success at the box office.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/malayalam/first-look-poster-of-anurag-kashyap-unveiled-for-rifle-club-article-113257821 |title=First-Look Poster Of Anurag Kashyap Unveiled For 'Rifle Club' |work=Shashiprasad SM |publisher=[[Times Now]] |date=11 September 2024 |accessdate=2 December 2024 |archive-date=3 December 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241203104854/https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/malayalam/first-look-poster-of-anurag-kashyap-unveiled-for-rifle-club-article-113257821 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/malayalam/anurag-kashyap-to-make-acting-debut-malayalam-aashiq-abu-rifle-club-9219328/ |title=Anurag Kashyap to make acting debut in Malayalam with Aashiq Abu's Rifle Club |work=[[The Indian Express]] |date=17 March 2024 |accessdate=2 December 2024 |archive-date=2 December 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241202093704/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/malayalam/anurag-kashyap-to-make-acting-debut-malayalam-aashiq-abu-rifle-club-9219328/ |url-status=live}}</ref>

==Plot==
In 1991, [[Mangalore]]-based gangster Dayanand Bhare hosts a birthday party for his son Bichu, along with his other son, Bheera. During the celebration, Bichu becomes infatuated with a dancer, Nadiya, and tries to kiss her. Nadiya's partner, Ali, intervenes and strikes Bichu, causing him to fall into a [[dumpster]] multiple levels below. Furious, Dayanand sends his men to capture Ali and Nadiya, forcing the couple to flee to [[Kannur]], where they hope to seek refuge with Ali's cousin, Shajahan, an actor preparing for a hunter role in the film ''Vetamrugam''.

Shajahan joins a rifle club in [[Sulthan Bathery]] to enhance his [[method acting]]. The club is led by Kuzhiveli Lonappan and secretary Avaran, whose father, Kaduvachalil Skariya, was a co-founder. The club functions as an extended family of skilled hunters. Ali and Nadiya eventually arrive at the club and are given shelter. Shajahan and Avaran engage in hunting practice in the forest with other members.

Bheera tracks the couple to the rifle club. Enraged by Bichu's death and his humiliation by club member Ittiyanam, Bheera launches an attack on the club with his gang. The club members defend themselves, killing all the attackers except Bheera and Dayanand's associate, Chittappa. Dr. Lazar, Ittiyanam's ex-husband, offers to treat Bheera's injuries, but he refuses. Dayanand arrives and takes Bheera away, but Bheera succumbs to his wounds. Vowing revenge, Dayanand organizes another assault on the club.

During the attack, Avaran's wife, Sisily, fires a [[Flare gun|flare]] to warn him but fails to get his attention. She then sends their dog with a message, which reaches Avaran and Shajahan in the forest just before the dog is killed by a tiger. Avaran and Shajahan return to the club and repel the attackers. Shajahan overcomes his fears and fights alongside the club members.

The confrontation ends with the rifle club confronting Dayanand directly. They ultimately kill him, ensuring the safety of the club and the couple, Ali and Nadiya.

==Cast==
{{Cast listing|
* [[Dileesh Pothan]] as Kaduvachalil Avaran Skaria
* [[Vani Viswanath]] as Ittiyanam
* [[Anurag Kashyap]] as Dayanand Bare
* [[Vijayaraghavan]] as Kuzhiveli Lonappan
* [[Vineeth Kumar]] as Shajahan
* Vishnu Agasthya as Godjo Lonappan
* [[Suresh Krishna (actor)|Suresh Krishna]] as Dr. Lazar
* [[Hanumankind]] as Bheera Bare
* [[Unnimaya Prasad]] as Sisily Avaran
* [[Darshana Rajendran]] as Kaduvachalil Tresa "Kunjumol" Mary Skaria
* [[Surabhi Lakshmi]] as Susan
* [[Ramzan Muhammed]] as Ali
* Navani Devanand as Nadiya
* Prashant Murali as Fr. Joshi
* Kiran Peethambaran as Rappadi Krishnan
* Bibin Perumpilly as Perumpilly
* [[Ramu (actor)|Ramu]] as Contractor Punnoose
* [[Ponnamma Babu]] as Shoshanna Punnoose
* [[Senna Hegde]] as Chittappa
* Natesh Hegde as Pedro
* [[Rafi–Mecartin|Raffi]] as Adv. Koshi
* Vaishakh Shankar as Paul
* Niyaz Musaliyar as Shanawas
* Jithu Asharef
* Parimal Shais as Bichu Bare
* Sajeev Kumar as Joji
* [[K. P. A. C. Azeez]] as Kunnath Kochausep (photo appearance)
* [[K. P. A. C. Sunny]] as Kaduvachalil Skariya (photo appearance)
}}

== Production ==
=== Development ===
The film marks the 14th directorial venture of [[Aashiq Abu]]. On 16 March 2024, he announced his collaboration with [[Dileesh Pothan]], [[Anurag Kashyap]], and [[Vijayaraghavan]] for the project, revealing that the script would be written by [[Syam Pushkaran]], [[Dileesh Nair|Dileesh Karunakaran]] and [[Suhas-Sharfu]]. The film is produced by [[Aashiq Abu]] himself, along with Vincent Vadakkan and Vishal Vincent Tony under the banners of OPM Cinemas and TRU Stories.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2024/Mar/16/aashiq-abu-assembles-a-formidable-cast-and-crew-for-rifle-club |title=Aashiq Abu assembles a formidable cast and crew for Rifle Club |publisher=[[Cinema Express]] |date=16 March 2024 |accessdate=2 December 2024 |archive-date=3 December 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241203202957/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2024/Mar/16/aashiq-abu-assembles-a-formidable-cast-and-crew-for-rifle-club |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.onmanorama.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/2024/07/20/aashiq-abu-rifle-club-cast-and-crew-details-anurag-kashyap-shyam-pushkaran-dileesh-pothan.html |title=It's a wrap for Aashiq Abu's 'Rifle Club' |publisher=[[Onmanorama]] |date=20 July 2024 |accessdate=2 December 2024 |archive-date=3 December 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241203131633/https://www.onmanorama.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/2024/07/20/aashiq-abu-rifle-club-cast-and-crew-details-anurag-kashyap-shyam-pushkaran-dileesh-pothan.html |url-status=live}}</ref>

The cinematography for Rifle Club will be handled by Aashiq Abu himself. He announced on his social media that he would take on both the direction and cinematography for the film. The film's visuals and pacing are supervised by editor V Saajan.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/aashiq-abu-rifle-club-theatrical-release-during-onam-season/d3b4ca3d06183 |title=Aashiq Abu's Rifle Club to hit theatres during this festival season |work=Gayathri Krishna |publisher=[[HT Media|OTT Play]] |date=20 July 2024 |accessdate=2 December 2024}}</ref>

The movie was originally announced with [[Dileesh Nair|Dileesh Karunakaran]] and [[Suhas-Sharfu]] as the scriptwriters.<ref name="auto1">{{Cite web |last=Features |first=C. E. |date=16 March 2024 |title=Aashiq Abu assembles a formidable cast and crew for Rifle Club |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2024/Mar/16/aashiq-abu-assembles-a-formidable-cast-and-crew-for-rifle-club |access-date=16 January 2025 |website=Cinema Express |language=en |archive-date=3 December 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241203202957/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2024/Mar/16/aashiq-abu-assembles-a-formidable-cast-and-crew-for-rifle-club |url-status=live}}</ref> [[Syam Pushkaran]] joined the writing team after filming had already begun.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Desk |first=South First |date=18 March 2024 |title=Aashiq Abu reveals updates about his next — 'Rifle Club' |url=https://thesouthfirst.com/entertainment/malayalam/aashiq-abu-reveals-updates-about-his-next-rifle-club/ |access-date=16 January 2025 |website=The South First |language=en |archive-date=16 January 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250116145803/https://thesouthfirst.com/entertainment/malayalam/aashiq-abu-reveals-updates-about-his-next-rifle-club/ |url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Casting ===
[[Dileesh Pothan]] signed on for Rifle Club with director [[Aashiq Abu]]. The team announced that [[Dileesh Pothan]], [[Anurag Kashyap]], [[Vijayaraghavan]], [[Vani Viswanath]], and [[Hanumankind]] lead roles, with [[Vani Viswanath]] taking the female lead. The film will also feature [[Vineeth Kumar]], [[Suresh Krishna (actor)|Suresh Krishna]], Vishnu Agasthya, [[Darshana Rajendran]], [[Unnimaya Prasad]], and [[Surabhi Lakshmi]] in key roles. Additionally, the director has revealed that the movie will introduce few new faces to the audience.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/movies-music/news/aashiq-abu-rifle-club-packs-up-shooting-1.9748041 |title=Aashiq Abu's 'Rifle Club' packs up shooting |publisher=[[Mathrubhumi]] |date=22 July 2024 |accessdate=2 December 2024 |archive-date=3 December 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241203163116/https://english.mathrubhumi.com/movies-music/news/aashiq-abu-rifle-club-packs-up-shooting-1.9748041 |url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Filming ===
Filming began on 20 March 2024, with the primary shoot taking place in Mundakayam, Kottayam district, Kerala. Key scenes were filmed in rugged terrains, with additional shoots in [[Rajahmundry]], [[Andhra Pradesh]], and [[Thrissur]], [[Kerala]]. Some portions of the film were also shot at Kochi Studio.The filming wrapped up by November 2024. Cinematography was handled by [[Aashiq Abu]], and V Saajan was responsible for the editing. The shooting process was kept private, with only a few stills released towards the end of production.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/aashiq-abu-wraps-up-shoot-for-rifle-club-starring-anurag-kashyap/article68425441.ece |title=Aashiq Abu wraps up shoot for 'Rifle Club', starring Anurag Kashyap |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=20 July 2024 |accessdate=2 December 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/2024/Mar/21/aashiq-abus-new-film-rifle-club-goes-on-floors |title=Aashiq Abu's new film 'Rifle Club' goes on floors |work=[[The New Indian Express]] |date=21 March 2024 |accessdate=2 December 2024 |archive-date=8 December 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241208022708/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/2024/Mar/21/aashiq-abus-new-film-rifle-club-goes-on-floors |url-status=live}}</ref>

== Music ==
=== Soundtrack ===
{{Infobox album
| name = Rifle Club<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://open.spotify.com/album/4ljauieQ7eWxhZkn6PfxTV |title=Rifle Club (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) |date=27 December 2024 |via=open.spotify.com |access-date=16 January 2025 |archive-date=16 January 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250116151306/https://open.spotify.com/album/4ljauieQ7eWxhZkn6PfxTV |url-status=live}}</ref>
| type = soundtrack
| artist = [[Rex Vijayan]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 27 December 2024
| recorded = 2024
| venue =
| studio = 2 Bar Q Chennai, Deepak SR Studio, Legato Records
| genre = [[Film soundtrack|Feature film soundtrack]]
| length = 16:27
| label = [[Think Music|Think Music India]]
| producer = Rex Vijayan
| prev_title = [[Neelavelicham (film)|Neeelavelicham]]
| prev_year = 2023
| next_title =
| next_year =
| misc = {{External media
| audio1 =[https://open.spotify.com/album/4ljauieQ7eWxhZkn6PfxTV Original Motion Picture Soundtrack], from [https://open.spotify.com/ Spotify]
}}
}}

The film's soundtrack was composed, produced and arranged by [[Rex Vijayan]]. <ref>{{Cite web |date=19 December 2024 |title=Rifle Club movie review: Aashiq Abu returns all guns blazing in this eclectic, explosive, and entertaining hunt |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/rifle-club-movie-review-aashiq-abu-returns-all-guns-blazing-in-this-eclectic-explosive-and-entertaining-hunt-9734365/ |access-date=16 January 2025 |website=The Indian Express |language=en |archive-date=28 December 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241228053848/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/rifle-club-movie-review-aashiq-abu-returns-all-guns-blazing-in-this-eclectic-explosive-and-entertaining-hunt-9734365/ |url-status=live}}</ref>

{{track listing
| headline = ''Rifle Club'' (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack)<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://music.apple.com/gb/album/rifle-club-original-motion-picture-soundtrack-ep/1787677728 |title=Rifle Club (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) - EP by Rex Vijayan, Vinayak Sasikumar, Anwar Ali & The Imbachi on Apple Music |date=27 December 2024 |via=music.apple.com |access-date=16 January 2025 |archive-date=16 January 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250116145803/https://music.apple.com/gb/album/rifle-club-original-motion-picture-soundtrack-ep/1787677728 |url-status=live}}</ref>
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length = 16:27
| title1 = Gandharva Ganam
| length1 = 3:56
| lyrics1 = [[Vinayak Sasikumar]]
| extra1 = [[Swetha Mohan]], [[Sooraj Santhosh]]
| title2 = Aalunnu Neeye
| length2 = 3:42
| lyrics2 = [[Anwar Ali (poet)|Anwar Ali]]
| extra2 = [[Pradeep Kumar (musician)|Pradeep Kumar]], [[Sithara Krishnakumar]]
| title3 = Killer On The Loose
| length3 = 3:02
| lyrics3 = [[Street Academics|Imbachi]]
| extra3 = Imbachi
| title4 = Nayattu Prarthana
| length4 = 3:47
| lyrics4 = Vinayak Sasikumar
| extra4 = Rex Vijayan, [[Neha Nair]]
}}
=== Background score ===
An original soundtrack album composed by [[Rex Vijayan]], Yakzan Gary Pereira and [[Neha Nair]], produced by [[Rex Vijayan]] was released on 15 January 2025.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web |url=https://open.spotify.com/album/0ollD4OXx3En6IQXVVa5sd?si=9QPJguBiRPO-CFz9tfpv4w |title=Spotify |website=open.spotify.com}}</ref>

{{Infobox album
| name = Rifle Club (Original Score)<ref name="auto"/>
| type = film
| artist = [[Rex Vijayan]], Yakzan Gary Pereira, [[Neha Nair]]
| cover =
| border =
| alt =
| released = 15 January 2025
| recorded = 2024
| venue =
| studio = 2 Bar Q Chennai, Deepak SR Studio, Legato Records
| genre = [[Film Score]]
| length = {{Duration|m=58|s=59}}
| language = [[Malayalam language|Malayalam]], [[English language|English]]
| label = [[Think Music|Think Music India]]
| producer = Rex Vijayan
| prev_title =
| prev_year =
| next_title =
| next_year =
| chronology =
| misc = {{external media
| audio1= [https://open.spotify.com/album/0ollD4OXx3En6IQXVVa5sd?si=9QPJguBiRPO-CFz9tfpv4w Original score] from [https://open.spotify.com/ Spotify]
}}
}}
{{track listing
| headline = Rifle Club (Original score)
| total_length = 58:59
| extra_column = Artist(s)
| title1 = Vintage Vignettes
| extra1 = [[Rex Vijayan]], 6091
| length1 = 01:59
| title2 = Birthday Bash
| extra2 = Rex Vijayan, 6091
| length2 = 02:34
| title3 = Appa - The Big Fella
| extra3 = Rex Vijayan, Yakzan Gary Pereira, Neha Nair
| length3 = 00:56
| title4 = Ali & Nadiya Love Theme
| extra4 = Rex Vijayan, Yakzan Gary Pereira, Neha Nair
| length4 = 00:21
| title5 = Breathtaking Love
| extra5 = Rex Vijayan, 6091
| length5 = 02:16
| title6 = The Aftermath
| extra6 = Rex Vijayan, 6091
| length6 = 00:50
| title7 = Shajahan The Heartthrob
| extra7 = Rex Vijayan, Yakzan Gary Pereira, Neha Nair
| length7 = 00:35
| title8 = Wild Wild Western Ghats
| extra8 = Rex Vijayan, Arun Suradhaa
| length8 = 02:06
| title9 = Rifle Club Theme
| extra9 = Rex Vijayan
| length9 = 00:42
| title10 = The Lover Boy
| extra10 = Rex Vijayan
| length10 = 00:36
| title11 = Club Legacy
| extra11 = Rex Vijayan
| length11 = 01:01
| title12 = Of Guns N Roses
| extra12 = Rex Vijayan
| length12 = 00:53
| title13 = Treasured Guns
| extra13 = Rex Vijayan
| length13 = 00:38
| title14 = Underground Armoury
| extra14 = Rex Vijayan
| length14 = 00:36
| title15 = Double Trap
| extra15 = Rex Vijayan
| length15 = 01:34
| title16 = Ittiyanam - The Boss Lady
| extra16 = Rex Vijayan
| length16 = 00:28
| title17 = Sisisily - Lady Of The Manor
| extra17 = Rex Vijayan
| length17 = 00:17
| title18 = Bheera The Cub
| extra18 = Rex Vijayan
| length18 = 00:41
| title19 = Ladies Call The Shots
| extra19 = Rex Vijayan
| length19 = 00:52
| title20 = Vow To Avenge
| extra20 = Rex Vijayan, 6091
| length20 = 01:29
| title21 = Harsh Truth
| extra21 = Rex Vijayan, 6091
| length21 = 00:32
| title22 = Vengeance
| extra22 = Rex Vijayan, 6091
| length22 = 00:21
| title23 = Game Meat
| extra23 = Rex Vijayan, 6091
| length23 = 00:37
| title24 = Retreat
| extra24 = Rex Vijayan, 6091
| length24 = 01:23
| title25 = The Face Off
| extra25 = Rex Vijayan, Sujith Valiyaveetil
| length25 = 00:42
| title26 = Foreboarding
| extra26 = Rex Vijayan,Yakzan Gary Pereira, Neha Nair, 6091
| length26 = 00:42
| title27 = Lurking In The Shadows
| extra27 = Rex Vijayan, Yakzan Gary Pereira, Neha Nair
| length27 = 03:48
| title28 = A Shot In The Air
| extra28 = Rex Vijayan, Yakzan Gary Pereira, Neha Nair
| length28 = 01:21
| title29 = It's Nothing Just A Scratch
| extra29 = Rex Vijayan, Yakzan Gary Pereira, Neha Nair
| length29 = 00:51
| title30 = Ruby Red
| extra30 = Rex Vijayan, Yakzan Gary Pereira, Neha Nair
| length30 = 00:24
| title31 = Farewell My Son
| extra31 = Rex Vijayan, Yakzan Gary Pereira, Neha Nair
| length31 = 01:30
| title32 = Breakout
| extra32 = Rex Vijayan, Yakzan Gary Pereira, Neha Nair, Sujith Valiyaveetil
| length32 = 00:28
| title33 = Sprint To Safety
| extra33 = Rex Vijayan, Yakzan Gary Pereira, Neha Nair, Sujith Valiyaveetil
| length33 = 01:51
| title34 = A Truce
| extra34 = Rex Vijayan, Yakzan Gary Pereira, Neha Nair
| length34 = 00:25
| title35 = Rifles Against Snipers
| extra35 = Rex Vijayan, Yakzan Gary Pereira, Neha Nair
| length35 = 02:05
| title36 = Vault Blasted
| extra36 = Rex Vijayan, Yakzan Gary Pereira, Neha Nair
| length36 = 01:04
| title37 = Guns Gone Missing
| extra37 = Rex Vijayan, Yakzan Gary Pereira, Neha Nair
| length37 = 00:59
| title38 = Hunters Return
| extra38 = Rex Vijayan, Yakzan Gary Pereira, Neha Nair
| length38 = 00:19
| title39 = Open Fire
| extra39 = Rex Vijayan, Yakzan Gary Pereira, Neha Nair
| length39 = 00:35
| title40 = Epic Entrance
| extra40 = Rex Vijayan, Yakzan Gary Pereira, Neha Nair
| length40 = 00:34
| title41 = An Encounter
| extra41 = Rex Vijayan, Yakzan Gary Pereira, Neha Nair
| length41 = 01:04
| title42 = Back In The Game
| extra42 = Rex Vijayan, Yakzan Gary Pereira, Neha Nair
| length42 = 01:34
| title43 = Power Move
| extra43 = Rex Vijayan, Yakzan Gary Pereira, Neha Nair, Sujith Valiyaveetil
| length43 = 00:28
| title44 = Biker With A Sniper
| extra44 = Rex Vijayan, Yakzan Gary Pereira, Neha Nair
| length44 = 01:03
| title45 = Lynched
| extra45 = Rex Vijayan, Yakzan Gary Pereira, Neha Nair
| length45 = 01:08
| title46 = Ricochet Shot
| extra46 = Rex Vijayan, Yakzan Gary Pereira, Neha Nair
| length46 = 01:03
| title47 = Marching To Enemy Lines
| extra47 = Rex Vijayan, Yakzan Gary Pereira, Neha Nair
| length47 = 01:29
| title48 = Unhinged
| extra48 = Rex Vijayan, Yakzan Gary Pereira, Neha Nair
| length48 = 01:38
| title49 = Wicked Moves
| extra49 = Rex Vijayan, Yakzan Gary Pereira, Neha Nair
| length49 = 00:42
| title50 = Chief In Charge
| extra50 = Rex Vijayan, Yakzan Gary Pereira, Neha Nair
| length50 = 01:00
| title51 = Good Kill
| extra51 = Rex Vijayan, Yakzan Gary Pereira, Neha Nair
| length51 = 01:53
| title52 = The Hunter's Litany
| extra52 = Rex Vijayan, Yakzan Gary Pereira, Neha Nair
| length52 = 00:53
| title53 = Bullets To Spare
| extra53 = Rex Vijayan, Yakzan Gary Pereira, Neha Nair
| length53 = 00:26
| title54 = The Finale
| extra54 = Rex Vijayan, Yakzan Gary Pereira, Neha Nair
| length54 = 02:25
}}

== Release ==

=== Theatrical ===
The film was released on 19 December 2024. <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/most-awaited-malayalam-theatrical-releases-in-december-2024/fd7dde81b0633 |title=Barroz to Rifle Club: Most-awaited Malayalam theatrical releases in December 2024 |work=Divya P |publisher=[[HT Media|OTT Play]] |date=30 November 2024 |accessdate=2 December 2024 |archive-date=7 December 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241207120644/https://www.ottplay.com/news/most-awaited-malayalam-theatrical-releases-in-december-2024/fd7dde81b0633 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://thesouthfirst.com/entertainment/malayalam/ashiq-abus-rifle-club-to-release-on-19-december/#:~:text=Ashiq%20Abu's%20next%20directorial%20Rifle,the%20shoot%20by%20July%202024. |title=Ashiq Abu's 'Rifle Club' to release on 19 December |publisher=The South First |date=22 November 2024 |accessdate=2 December 2024}}</ref>

=== Home media ===
The post-theatrical streaming rights were acquired by [[Netflix]]. The film began streaming on the platform from 16 January 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |title='Rifle Club' all set for OTT release this week. Know when, which platform |url=https://www.onmanorama.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/2025/01/15/rifle-club-ott-release-aashiq-abu-movie-will-soon-be-out-on-this-platform.html |access-date=15 January 2025 |website='Rifle Club' all set for OTT release this week. Know when, which platform |language=en |archive-date=18 January 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250118090138/https://www.onmanorama.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/2025/01/15/rifle-club-ott-release-aashiq-abu-movie-will-soon-be-out-on-this-platform.html |url-status=live}}</ref> The satellite rights of the film are bought by [[Asianet (TV channel)|Asianet]] and premiered on 14 April 2025 on the occasion of [[Vishu]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/malayalam/rifle-club-tv-premiere-to-asif-ali-in-ith-item-vere-heres-what-to-watch-on-tv-this-vishu/articleshow/120252065.cms |access-date=14 April 2025 |title=Rifle Club TV premiere to Asif Ali in 'Ith Item Vere': Here's what to watch on TV this Vishu |website=The Times of India |language=en |archive-date=14 April 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250414024337/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/malayalam/rifle-club-tv-premiere-to-asif-ali-in-ith-item-vere-heres-what-to-watch-on-tv-this-vishu/articleshow/120252065.cms |url-status=live}}</ref>

==Controversy==
Raja Azeez, son of the late actor [[KPAC Azeez]], has lodged a complaint against the filmmakers, accusing them of using his father's image in the film without his family's permission. According to Raja, he was approached by someone requesting a photo of his father for a scene in the movie. He agreed and provided the necessary photographs, while also expressing interest in a minor role for himself. However, Raja alleges that the filmmakers went ahead with the movie's release without securing his consent or fulfilling the promise of offering him a role.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Used my father's photo without consent, made false promises: Chemistry lodged against 'Rifle Club' |url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/movies-music/news/used-my-fathers-photo-without-consent-made-false-promises-complaint-lodged-against-rifle-club-1.10194293 |website=[[Mathrubhumi English]] |date=24 December 2024 |access-date=26 December 2024 |archive-date=26 December 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241226200348/https://english.mathrubhumi.com/movies-music/news/used-my-fathers-photo-without-consent-made-false-promises-complaint-lodged-against-rifle-club-1.10194293 |url-status=live}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|tt31188121}}
{{Aashiq Abu}}
[[Category:2024 Malayalam-language films]]
[[Category:Indian drama films]]
[[Category:Films shot in Kottayam]]
[[Category:Films shot in Ernakulam]]
[[Category:Films shot in Rajahmundry]]
[[Category:Films shot in Thrissur]]
[[Category:Indian action films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Aashiq Abu]]
[[Category:Films set in Mangaluru]]
[[Category:Films set in Wayanad]]
[[Category:Films set in the 1990s]]
[[Category:Indian black comedy films]]

Nannavanu

2026-03-06T02:52:10Z

FerminDodson605: created new page w/ infobox - done

{{Use Indian English|date=December 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Nannavanu
| image = Nannavanu.jpeg
| caption =
| director = [[Srinivas Raju]]
| writer = Srinivas Raju
| based_on =
| producer = Thulasi Gopal
| starring = [[Prajwal Devaraj]] [[Aindrita Ray]] [[Avinash Yelandur|Avinash]] [[Jayanthi (actress)|Jayanthi]]
| music = [[Ilaiyaraaja]]
| cinematography = K. Datthu
| editing = [[Suresh Urs]]
| studio = Markwell Entertainment
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2010|5|28}}
| runtime = 145 minutes
| language = Kannada
| country = India
}}

'''''Nannavanu''''' ({{langx|kn|ನನ್ನವನು}}) is a [[Kannada films of 2010|2010]] Indian [[Kannada language]] romantic drama film written and directed by [[Srinivas Raju]] and produced by Thulasi Gopal. The film stars [[Prajwal Devaraj]] along with [[Aindrita Ray]] and [[Avinash Yelandur|Avinash]] in pivotal roles. The film deals with the reincarnation revenge story as the backdrop. Music maestro [[Ilaiyaraaja]] scored the music and V. Nagendra Prasad wrote the lyrics for the songs.

The film released on 28 May 2010 across Karnataka and set high expectations for its storyline, music and also some controversies. However upon release, the film generally met with negative reviews from the critics and audience.

==Plot==
Sanjana (Aindrita) suddenly wakes up to know that she was murdered in her previous birth. She musters up courage to fight a case and seek justice to her murder through a lawyer. She finds a struggling lawyer Bharadwaj (Prajwal) who has a striking resemblance to her lover in her previous birth. She hires him to fight her case and offers him huge amount even if he lost the case. They take up the case to fight against an MLA (Avinash) who was the Chief Minister earlier responsible for her death. What happens to her case and who wins forms the rest of the story.

== Cast ==
{{cast listing|
* [[Prajwal Devaraj]] as Bharadwaj
* [[Aindrita Ray]] as Sanjana
* [[Avinash Yelandur|Avinash]]
* [[Jayanthi (actress)|Jayanthi]]
* [[Doddanna]]
* [[Ramesh Bhat]]
* [[Komal (actor)|Komal]]
* [[Satya Prakash (actor)|Satya Prakash]]
* [[Bank Janardhan]]
* [[Shankar Melkote]] as Professor Melkote
* [[Mandya Ramesh]]
* [[Kishori Ballal]]
}}

==Production==
Director Srinivas Raju announced his second directorial venture and called ''Nannavanu'' as a pure love story. He had said that the story had flashed to his mind during his engineering study days and was keeping on working on it. He said that actor Prajwal was having two different get-ups, one being a lawyer role. Shooting was initially scheduled for a straight 72 days but the team finished well within 58 days.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://jaisontaccode.blogspot.in/2010/04/nannavanu-is-pure-love-story-says.html|title=Nannavanu is a pure love story says Director|publisher=Jaisontaccode Blog|date= 16 April 2010}}</ref> During the shooting process, since the days clashed with the general elections, the team had to shift to Hyderabad's Ramoji Rao Studios to complete some sequences.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiaglitz.com/nannavanu-in-hyderabad-kannada-news-38425|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924181259/http://www.indiaglitz.com/nannavanu-in-hyderabad-kannada-news-38425|url-status=dead|archive-date=24 September 2015|title='Nannavanu' in Hyderabad|work=Indiaglitz|date=8 May 2008}}</ref> However, the film got entangled in controversies such as actress Aindrita not attending the promotional campaigns since she alleged that she was not paid as promised by the producer.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/article292814.ece?service=print|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140527215205/http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/article292814.ece?service=print|url-status=dead|archive-date=27 May 2014|title=I decided to be flexible and punctual: Aindrita|publisher=The New Indian Express|date=20 October 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/62776/content/215996/F|title=Aindrita irks director|publisher=Deccan Herald|year=2010}}</ref> The director claimed that the producer's busy schedule was one of the reasons for the delayed release of the film.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/nannavanu-on-april-16-kannada-news-55909|title='Nannavanu' on April 16|work=Indiaglitz|date=6 April 2010}}</ref>

== Soundtrack ==
{{Infobox album
| name = Nannavanu
| type = Soundtrack
| artist = [[Ilaiyaraaja]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 8 May 2009
| recorded =
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Film soundtrack]]
| length =
| label = Audio 9
| producer = Ilaiyaraaja
| prev_title = [[Kadha Thudarunnu]]
| prev_year = 2010
| next_title = [[Gaayam 2]]
| next_year = 2010
}}

All the songs are composed by [[Ilaiyaraaja]] teaming up with the director yet again. A new audio company called Audio 9 was unveiled by politician Sahai Raj and the very first film to be produced under this label was ''Nannavanu''. Actor [[Devaraj]] was the special invitee and he released the official soundtrack. The event was held in Bangalore on 8 May 2010.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gandhadagudi.com/forum/viewtopic.php?f=1&t=3993|title='NANNAVANU' AUDIO FROM NEW 'AUDIO 9'|publisher=Cinecircle.in|date=9 May 2009}}</ref>

{{tracklist
| headline = Track listing
| all_music = [[Ilaiyaraaja]]
| all_lyrics = V. Nagendra Prasad
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Denna Dennanna
| extra1 = [[Vijay Yesudas]]
| length1 =
| title2 = Hey Maamu
| extra2 = [[Karthik (singer)|Karthik]], Vijay Yesudas, [[Tippu (singer)|Tippu]]
| length2 =
| title3 = Muthuthara Muthamma
| extra3 = [[Ilaiyaraaja]], [[Bela Shende]]
| length3 =
| title4 = Modalane Baari
| extra4 = [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], Bela Shende
| length4 =
| title5 = Om Shivoham
| extra5 = S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, Bela Shende
| length5 =
| title6 = Enidu Enidu
| extra6 = Sriram, Bela Shende
| length6 =
| title7 = Devaadi Deva (bit)
| extra7 = S. P. Balasubrahmanyam
| length7 =
}}

== Reception ==
=== Critical response ===

Shruti Indira Lakshminarayana of ''[[Rediff.com]]'' scored the film at 1 out of 5 stars and says "Prajwal gets to shed his action hero image with Nannavanu and does a decent job. He is better off in the second half though. Aindrita is okay. Nannavanu fails to recreate the magic of some of the recent rebirth-oriented scripts like Magadheera. It can definitely be avoided".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/review/south-kannada-movie-review-nannavanu/20100531.htm|title=Avoid Nannavanu|work=[[Rediff.com]]|date=31 May 2010}}</ref> A critic from [[The Times of India]] scored the film at 2 out of 5 stars and says "Prajwal has done exceptionally well in the second half. Aindritha is okay. Komal excels in an impressive role. Music by Ilayaraja has only Tamil tunes and camera by K Dattu is average".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-reviews/nannavanu/movie-review/11927171.cms?from=mdr|title=NANNAVANU MOVIE REVIEW|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=10 May 2016}}</ref> Satish Shile from [[Deccan Herald]] wrote "The movie’s pace in the first half simply tests the audiences’ patience. It is a mix of senseless comedy and illogical sequence of events. The only welcome relief is Ilayaraja’s music".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/amp/content/72130/nannavanu.html|title=Nannavanu|work=[[Deccan Herald]]|date=28 May 2010}}</ref> A critic from [[Bangalore Mirror]] wrote "Prajwal is good as the undertaker in the flashback while Aindrita does her job without much fuss. The music is a relief though not of the ‘hit’ quality you expect from Ilayaraja. Not a must watch but you won’t mind watching Nannavanu".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/reviews/nannavanu-an-average-film/articleshow/21860918.cms|title=Nannavanu: An average film|work=[[Bangalore Mirror]]|date=28 May 2010}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Nannavanu}}
[[Category:2010 films]]
[[Category:Indian romantic drama films]]
[[Category:2010 romantic drama films]]
[[Category:Films about reincarnation]]
[[Category:Films scored by Ilaiyaraaja]]
[[Category:2010 Kannada-language films]]
[[Category:2010 directorial debut films]]

Mooladhanam

2026-03-04T09:14:17Z

FerminDodson605: slightly reworked article to improve readability further and added references

{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Mooladhanam
| image =
| caption =
| director = [[P. Bhaskaran]]
| producer = M. Azim
| writer = [[Thoppil Bhasi]]
| screenplay = Thoppil Bhasi
| starring = {{Unbulleted_list|[[Sathyan (Malayalam actor)|Sathyan ]]|[[Prem Nazir|Premnazir]]|[[Sharada (actress)|Sharada]]|[[Jayabharathi]]|[[K. P. Ummer]]}}
| music = [[G. Devarajan]]
| cinematography = P. R. Ramalingam
| editing = {{Unbulleted_list|[[K. Narayanan]]|K. Sankunni}}
| studio = Azeem Company
| distributor = Azeem Company
| released = {{Film date|1969|08|15|df=yes}}
| country = India
| language = Malayalam
}}

'''''Mooladhanam''''' ({{translation|''[[Capital (economics)|Capital]]''}}) is a 1969 Indian [[Malayalam]]-language film directed by [[P. Bhaskaran]], written by [[Thoppil Bhasi]] and produced by M. Azim. The film stars [[Sathyan (Malayalam actor)|Sathyan]], [[Prem Nazir]], [[Sharada (actress)|Sharada]] and [[Jayabharathi]] in the lead roles. The film has musical score by [[G. Devarajan]]. The cinematography was handled by P. R. Ramalingam.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.malayalachalachithram.com/movie.php?i=289|title=Mooladhanam|accessdate=2014-10-14|publisher=www.malayalachalachithram.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://malayalasangeetham.info/a.php?411|title=Mooladhanam|accessdate=2014-10-14|publisher=malayalasangeetham.info}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://spicyonion.com/title/mooladhanam-malayalam-movie/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304094747/http://spicyonion.com/title/mooladhanam-malayalam-movie/|url-status=usurped|archive-date=4 March 2016|title=Mooladhanam|accessdate=2014-10-14|publisher=spicyonion.com}}</ref>

The film is set amidst the Communist movement in Kerala during the 1960s.

==Cast==
{{colbegin}}
*[[Sathyan (Malayalam actor)|Sathyan]] as Ravi
*[[Prem Nazir]] as Mammootty
*[[Sharada (actress)|Sharada]] as Sharada
*[[Ambika Sukumaran]] as Malathy
*[[Jayabharathi]] as Nabeeza
*[[Adoor Bhasi]] as Kuruppu
*[[Manavalan Joseph]] as I.D Kasimpilla
*[[Sankaradi]] as Hassanar
*[[Sreelatha Namboothiri]] as Chinnamma
*[[C.A. Balan]]
*[[K. P. Ummer]] as Madhu
*[[Kottayam Chellappan]] as Sharada's Brother
*[[Paravoor Bharathan]] as Nanu
{{colend}}

==Soundtrack==
The music was composed by [[G. Devarajan]] and the lyrics were written by [[P. Bhaskaran]].

{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
! No. !! Song !! Singers !! Lyrics !! Length (m:ss)
|-
| 1 || "Ente Veenakambiyellaam" || [[K. J. Yesudas]] || [[P. Bhaskaran]] ||
|-
| 2 || "Olichu Pidichu" || [[P. Susheela]] || P. Bhaskaran ||
|-
| 3 || "Oro Thullichorayil" || K. J. Yesudas, [[C. O. Anto]], [[Venu (cinematographer)|Venu]] || P. Bhaskaran ||
|-
| 4 || "Pularaaraayappol" || P. Susheela || P. Bhaskaran ||
|-
| 5 || "Swarga Gayike" || K. J. Yesudas || P. Bhaskaran ||
|}

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|0155882|Mooladhanam}}

[[Category:1969 films]]
[[Category:1969 Malayalam-language films]]
[[Category:Films directed by P. Bhaskaran]]
[[Category:1969 Indian films]]

{{1960s-Malayalam-film-stub}}

Jalwa

2026-03-03T23:49:54Z

FerminDodson605: Updated article with clearer structure

{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Jalwa
| image = Jalwa (1987).jpg
| caption = Movie poster
| director = [[Pankaj Parashar]]
| producer = Gul Anand
| writer = [[Kamlesh Pandey]]
| narrator =
| starring = [[Naseeruddin Shah]] [[Archana Puran Singh]] [[Saeed Jaffery]] [[Johnny Lever]]
| music = [[Anand–Milind]] [[Remo Fernandes]]
| cinematography =
| editing =
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|1987|1|23}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| budget =
}}

'''''Jalwa''''' is a 1987 Indian [[Hindi]]-language [[action film]] directed by [[Pankuj Parashar]] and produced by Gul Anand. The film stars [[Naseeruddin Shah]] and [[Archana Puran Singh]].<ref name=BHC>{{Cite web|url=https://scroll.in/reel/809832/the-magic-of-1980s-hit-jalwa-starring-naseeruddin-shah-as-a-hunk-on-a-drug-trail|title=The magic of 1980s hit 'Jalwa', starring Naseeruddin Shah as a hunk on a drug trail|first=Nandini|last=Ramnath|website=Scroll.in|date=13 June 2016|quote=Was Jalwa a copy of Beverly Hills Cops, as it is often described to be? “It’s better than Beverly Hills Cop,” Parashar said. “The editing pattern is better, for one thing. I once met that movie’s director ([[Martin Brest]]) in a hotel lobby in California and told him that I had remade his film without his permission, and done it better, and he laughed.”|access-date=3 February 2024|archive-date=16 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230416141541/https://scroll.in/reel/809832/the-magic-of-1980s-hit-jalwa-starring-naseeruddin-shah-as-a-hunk-on-a-drug-trail|url-status=live}}</ref> The film is set in [[Goa]], where it was mostly shot.<ref name="Sá2006">{{cite book|editor=Mário Cabral e Sá|title=Location Goa|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aeRkAAAAMAAJ|year=2006|page=96|publisher=Department of Information and Publicity, Government of Goa}}</ref> It is an unofficial remake of the 1984 American film ''[[Beverly Hills Cop]]''.<ref name=BHC/> It was remade in Telugu as ''[[Trinetrudu]]'' (1988) by [[A. Kodandarami Reddy]], starring [[Chiranjeevi]].

== Plot ==
Kapil's younger brother, Buntu, dies as a result of a [[drug overdose]]. Kapil vows to put an end to drugs and drug-dealers, by joining the [[Greater Mumbai Police|police]]. He soon attains the title of [[Criminal Investigation Department (India)|C. I. D.]] Inspector. He lives in [[Bombay]] with his mom.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/entertainment/photo/10-bollywood-movie-that-have-their-plots-revolving-around-substance-abuse-375565-2015-06-25|title=10 Bollywood films that revolve around drug abuse|website=India Today|quote=In this movie the lead character Kapil (Naseeruddin Shah) trails the drug racquet in Goa in order to put an end to drugs as his younger brother (Buntu) dies because of a drug overdose. This movie was directed by Pankaj Parashar and became quite popular among the masses.|date=25 June 2015|last=Singh|first=Aparna|access-date=3 February 2024|archive-date=16 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230416150202/https://www.indiatoday.in/entertainment/photo/10-bollywood-movie-that-have-their-plots-revolving-around-substance-abuse-375565-2015-06-25|url-status=live}}</ref>

One day, his friend from [[Goa]], Albert Pinto, is killed in front of him. He vows to avenge his death, but the local police will not permit him to do so. They assign this incident to another inspector. Frustrated, Kapil travels to Goa. Once there, he finds out that he has no powers as a policeman, and the [[Goa Police]] regard him as a nuisance. He attempts to uncover Albert's death, with the help of Jojo, but instead gets into brawls, is arrested, and is escorted by the local police, back to Bombay.

Kapil escapes from police custody, and soon he is on the run, not only from the police, but local goons also, who will not hesitate to kill him.

== Cast ==
*[[Naseeruddin Shah]] as Inspector Kapil
*[[Archana Puran Singh]] as Jyothi/Jojo
*[[Pankaj Kapur]] as Albert Pinto
*[[Tejeshwar Singh]] as DD
*[[Dalip Tahil]] as Champ
*[[Rohini Hattangadi]] as Sribaby
*[[Saeed Jaffrey]] as Yakub Saeed
*[[Johny Lever]] as Murty
*[[Cyrus Broacha]] as Jyothi's younger brother Suresh
*[[A K Hangal]] as Jyothi's dad
*[[Akash Khurana]] as [[Sub-inspector|Sub-Inspector]] Hosi Wadia
*[[Satish Kaushik]] as Sub-Inspector Ramu Ghadiali
*[[Javed Khan Amrohi]] as Taxi driver
*[[Kamini Kaushal]] as Kapil's mother
*[[Rajesh Puri]] as DD's Pandit Om Sharan
*[[Farah Khan]] as a dancer in the "Feeling Hot Hot" song<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/farah-khan-refused-to-step-out-tees-maar-khan-ripped-apart-poor-cousins-of-zoya-farhan-akhtar-8007437/|title=Farah Khan says she refused to step out when people 'ripped apart' Tees Maar Khan, called herself 'poor cousins' of Zoya-Farhan Akhtar|date=4 July 2022|quote=Farah Khan started off as an assistant and a background dancer. Stating how she never bothered about money, she said she agreed to be a part of Jalwa (1987) and dance behind Archana Puran Singh because she was getting to step in an aircraft for the first time. She shot in Goa and was paid Rs 300 per day.|access-date=3 February 2024|archive-date=21 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230421114648/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/farah-khan-refused-to-step-out-tees-maar-khan-ripped-apart-poor-cousins-of-zoya-farhan-akhtar-8007437/|url-status=live}}</ref>
*Brahmchari as Mohan Joshi
*[[Viju Khote]] as [[Bombay Police]] Escort
*[[Amitabh Bachchan]] as Himself (Guest appearance)
*[[Remo Fernandes]] as Himself

== Soundtrack ==
The music was composed by [[Anand–Milind]] and [[Remo Fernandes]] and lyrics were penned by [[Sameer (lyricist)|Sameer]].

{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
! # !! Title !! Singer(s)
|-
| 1
| "Feeling Hot Hot Hot"
| [[Sharon Prabhakar]], Chorus
|-
| 2
| "Let's Do It"
| [[Alisha Chinai]], Chorus
|-
| 3
| "Didi Mere Karde Kshama"
| [[Alka Yagnik]]
|-
| 4
| "Iss Jadu Ke Dande Main"
| [[Remo Fernandes|Remo]], Alka Yagnik & Chorus
|-
| 5
| "Pack That Smack"
| Remo
|-
| 6
| "Teda Meda Main"
| Remo
|-
| 7
| "Dekho Dekho Yeh Hai Jalwa"
| Remo
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{IMDb title|id=0093293}}

[[Category:1987 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:1987 Indian films]]
[[Category:1980s buddy comedy films]]
[[Category:1980s buddy cop films]]
[[Category:1980s crime action films]]
[[Category:1987 crime thriller films]]
[[Category:1980s police comedy films]]
[[Category:1980s police procedural films]]
[[Category:1987 action comedy films]]
[[Category:1987 action thriller films]]
[[Category:1987 drama films]]
[[Category:1987 films]]
[[Category:Beverly Hills Cop (franchise)]]
[[Category:Cultural depictions of Amitabh Bachchan]]
[[Category:Fictional portrayals of the Goa Police]]
[[Category:Fictional portrayals of the Maharashtra Police]]
[[Category:Films about murder]]
[[Category:Films about the illegal drug trade]]
[[Category:Films directed by Pankuj Parashar]]
[[Category:Films scored by Anand–Milind]]
[[Category:Films scored by Raj–Koti]]
[[Category:Films set in Goa]]
[[Category:Films set in Mumbai]]
[[Category:Films set in religious buildings and structures]]
[[Category:Films set on beaches]]
[[Category:Films set on ships]]
[[Category:Films shot in Goa]]
[[Category:Indian action comedy-drama films]]
[[Category:Indian action thriller films]]
[[Category:Indian buddy comedy films]]
[[Category:Indian crime action films]]
[[Category:Indian crime comedy films]]
[[Category:Indian crime thriller films]]
[[Category:Indian detective films]]
[[Category:Indian gangster films]]
[[Category:Indian remakes of American films]]
[[Category:Indian thriller films]]
[[Category:Police detective films]]
[[Category:Hindi films remade in other languages]]
[[Category:Films about kidnapping in India]]
[[Category:Films about organised crime in India]]
[[Category:Films about siblings]]
[[Category:Films about substance abuse]]
[[Category:Hindi remakes of English films]]

Chennai 600028

2026-03-03T04:26:18Z

FerminDodson605: fix

{{Use Indian English|date=April 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2024}}
{{Infobox film
| image = Chennai 600028.jpg
| caption = Poster
| director = [[Venkat Prabhu]]
| writer = Venkat Prabhu
| producer = [[S. P. B. Charan]] J. K. Saravana
| narrator = [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
| starring = [[Jai (actor)|Jai]] [[Shiva (actor)|Shiva]] [[Premji Amaren|Premji]] [[Nithin Sathya]] [[Aravind Akash]] [[Vijay Vasanth]] [[Vijayalakshmi Feroz]] [[Ajay Raj]]
| cinematography = [[Sakthi Saravanan]]
| editing = '''Film editor:''' [[B. Lenin]] '''Digital & Avid editor:''' [[Praveen K. L.]] [[N. B. Srikanth]]
| music = '''Background score:''' Premji '''Original songs:''' [[Yuvan Shankar Raja]]
| studio = [[S. P. B. Charan|Capital Film Works]]
| distributor = Tantra Films
| released = {{film date|2007|04|27|df=y|ref1=}}
| runtime = 141 minutes
| country = India
| language = Tamil
| budget = {{INR}} 1.65 crore<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Krishnamurthy |first=Akhila |date=9 July 2011 |title=The new darlings of Kollywood |url=http://www.tehelka.com/story_main50.asp?filename=hub090711The.asp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110707041158/http://www.tehelka.com/story_main50.asp?filename=hub090711The.asp |archive-date=7 July 2011 |access-date=5 July 2011 |magazine=[[Tehelka]] |volume=8 |issue=27}}</ref>
| gross = 
}}

'''''Chennai 600028''''' is a 2007 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[sports comedy]] film written and directed by [[Venkat Prabhu]] in his directorial debut. It stars [[Jai (actor)|Jai]], [[Shiva (actor)|Shiva]], [[Premgi Amaren|Premji]], [[Aravind Akash]], [[Nithin Sathya]] and newcomers [[Ajay Raj]], [[Vijay Vasanth]], Prasanna, [[Inigo Prabakaran]], Karthik and Arun in the lead along with [[Vijayalakshmi Feroz]] and Kristine Zedek, making their acting debuts as well. The film was produced by [[S. P. B. Charan]] along with J. K. Saravana, a Singapore-based award-winning producer.<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 January 2008 |title=A creative force from Singapore |url=http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/tamil/article/35687.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080104235323/http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/tamil/article/35687.html |archive-date=4 January 2008 |access-date=28 July 2009 |website=IndiaGlitz.com}}</ref> The film's score and soundtrack were composed by Premji and [[Yuvan Shankar Raja]] respectively.

The film is based on [[street cricket]] played in India, focusing on various themes such as friendship, love and [[sports rivalry|rivalry]] in a suburban area.<ref name="behindwoods.com">{{Cite web |title=BOX OFFICE TOP 10 Movies OF 2007 {{!}} CHENNAI 28 |url=http://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-slide-shows/movie-1/top-collection/chennai-28.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111231044320/http://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-slide-shows/movie-1/top-collection/chennai-28.html |archive-date=31 December 2011 |access-date=13 July 2012 |website=Behindwoods.com}}</ref> Following its theatrical release on 27 April 2007, it received critical acclaim and emerged as a surprise [[sleeper hit]], running successfully for more than one year in theatres,<ref name="behindwoods.com" /><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=JBR |date=11 July 2007 |title=Tamil cinema in 2007 – half year report |url=http://www.cinesouth.com/specials/specials/tamilcinima2007tam.shtml |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070811130931/http://www.cinesouth.com/specials/specials/tamilcinima2007tam.shtml |archive-date=11 August 2007 |access-date=13 July 2012 |website=Cinesouth}}</ref> while going on to achieve [[cult film|cult status]] in the subsequent years.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Movies that beat the odds {{!}} Chennai 600028 |url=http://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-slide-shows/movie-4/formulaic-films/chennai-28.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110902021000/http://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-slide-shows/movie-4/formulaic-films/chennai-28.html |archive-date=2 September 2011 |access-date=13 July 2012 |website=Behindwoods.com}}</ref> The film's title is derived from the [[Postal Index Number|pincode]] for [[Mandaveli]], a suburb of [[Chennai]], where the story takes place. The success of the film gained the relatively unknown actors – Jai, Shiva, Premji and Nithin Sathya, newcomers Vijayalakshmi and Vijay Vasanth and the director Venkat Prabhu popularity.<ref name="Telugu Cinema in 2007">{{Cite news |date=13 July 2007 |title=Cricket theme goes on |url=http://www.hindu.com/fr/2007/07/13/stories/2007071350160400.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081002052509/http://www.hindu.com/fr/2007/07/13/stories/2007071350160400.htm |archive-date=2 October 2008 |access-date=22 September 2008 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>

The film was also remade in Bengali as ''[[Le Chakka]]'' (2010), in [[cinema of Sri Lanka|Sinhalese]] as ''[[Super Six (film)|Super Six]]'' (2012), and in Kannada as ''[[Bangalore 560023]]'' (2015). A sequel to the film, ''[[Chennai 600028 II]]: Second Innings'', was released in 2016.

== Plot ==
The story revolves around two local cricket league teams that compete against each other in local matches and consider each other as sworn enemies. [[Royapuram]] Rockers are on top of the chain and keep bashing the Sharks year after year. The heroes of the movie are the Sharks' team.

The story begins when Raghu's parents move from Royapuram to Visalakshi Thottam, Chennai [[600028]]. Raghu is a member of the Royapuram Rockers cricket team, and a college student living with his parents. He has no choice but to move with them, although he detests the area. He is not very excited at the prospect of living in the same area as his sworn enemies. Raghu is faithful to his teammates, but they ignore him because of the distance. Angered at being replaced by a new guy in the team in one of the matches, Raghu distances himself from cricket and the Rockers.

Raghu informs him of Pazhani's sister Selvi's love for Karthik. This incident initiates Raghu's friendship with a few Sharks team players and eventually gets him induced into the team. Raghu practices with the Sharks to play against the Rockers in the upcoming Radio Mirchi trophy. Pazhani, who soon learns of his sister and Karthik's love affair is disappointed and then there is a tiff amongst the friends. The team splits up for a while, but Karthik apologises to Pazhani and they make up. The team reunites and starts practising for the trophy once again. Unfortunately, Karthik is stabbed by his brother's enemies and is rendered unfit to play the match. Pazhani replaces Karthik as the captain and the team heads for the match.

Under tight pressure and with a nail-biting finish, the Sharks finally defeat the Rockers in the semi-finals of the tournament. In the finals, they meet their enemies, a group of school kids named Bad Boys-II who practice by shirking school to play cricket on the beach. The kids are a really good team, and the Sharks know it because they have lost badly to them once before.

The movie ends with the team really struggling to stay in the game.

== Cast ==
{{cast listing|
* [[Jai (actor)|Jai]] as Raghuvaran 'Raghu' Sampath
* [[Shiva (actor)|Shiva]] as Karthik 'Karthi'
* [[Premgi Amaren|Premji]] as Sreenivasan 'Cheenu'
* [[Aravind Akash]] as Aravind
* [[Nithin Sathya]] as Pazhani
* [[Vijay Vasanth]] as Gopi
* [[Ajay Raj]] as Ezhumalai '7 malai'
* Prassanna as Shanmugham 'Shanu'
* Ranjith as Imran
* Arun as Uday
* Karthik Preath as Arivazhagan 'Arivu'
* [[Sampath Raj]] as Guna
* [[Ilavarasu]] as Manohar
* [[Vijayalakshmi Feroz]] as Selvi
* Kristine Zedek as Swetha
* [[Badava Gopi]] as Commentator
* [[Sakthi Saravanan]] as Aravind's boss
* [[Inigo Prabakaran]] as John (Rockers's captain)
* Mai Prakash as Rocker's team player
* Sundar as Jeeva
* [[Viraj (actor)|Hari Prashanth]] as Hari, Bad Boys' captain
* [[S. N. Surendar]] as Sampath, Raghu's father
* Neelu Nasreen as Guna's wife
* Srilatha as Durga, Raghu's mother
* [[Shanmugasundaram]] as Sports minister
* [[Sam Anderson (Tamil actor)|Sam Anderson]] as David
* [[Mirchi Senthil]] as Radio Mirchi RJ (special appearance)
* [[Kalyan (choreographer)|Kalyan]] special appearance in "Saroja Saman Nikalo" song
* [[Karunas]] as himself in a fight scene
}}

== Production ==
''Chennai 600028'' is the directorial debut of Venkat Prabhu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Don't expect another Chennai 28 from Saroja |url=http://www.behindwoods.com/features/Interviews/interview-5/director/venkat-prahbu.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180617124752/http://www.behindwoods.com/features/Interviews/interview-5/director/venkat-prahbu.html |archive-date=17 June 2018 |access-date=17 June 2018 |website=Behindwoods}}</ref> The film was initially ''Enga Area Ulla Varaadha'' (Do not enter our territory), but lyricist [[Vaali (poet)|Vaali]] was critical of the idea, feeling that the title was "negative" sounding. Subsequently, the film was retitled ''Chennai 600028'', with the idea of including the postal code taken from the title of the American television series ''[[Beverly Hills, 90210]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mani |first=Bhargavii |date=30 January 2016 |title=The kadalai man |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-columns/The-kadalai-man/article14028724.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230411140730/https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-columns/The-kadalai-man/article14028724.ece |archive-date=11 April 2023 |access-date=8 October 2018 |website=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> Venkat Prabhu felt the new title was "more apt and universal".<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 July 2007 |title='Rajni Sir enjoyed Chennai 600028' |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2007/jul/11sld2.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081017055236/http://www.rediff.com/movies/2007/jul/11sld2.htm |archive-date=17 October 2008 |access-date=31 March 2017 |website=[[Rediff.com]]}}</ref> The scene where Jai meets Shiva was shot at [[Broken Bridge, Chennai|Broken Bridge]] at Chennai.<ref>{{cite web |last=Mira S. |first=Sahana |date=21 August 2025 |title=Broken bridge in Chennai: A bridge with no destination, until Tamil cinema stepped in |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/broken-bridge-in-chennai-a-bridge-with-no-destination-until-tamil-cinema-stepped-in/article69946194.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20250820065841/https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/a-bridge-with-no-destination-until-cinema-stepped-in/article69946194.ece |archive-date=20 August 2025 |access-date=2 September 2025 |website=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>

== Soundtrack ==
{{Main|Chennai 600028 (soundtrack)}}
The film's score was composed by Prabhu's brother, [[Premji Amaran]], while his cousin, [[Yuvan Shankar Raja]] composed the soundtrack, with lyrics written by Yuvan himself, along with [[Vaali (poet)|Vaali]] and [[Gangai Amaran]]. The album, featuring 9 tracks, released on 19 February 2007 in India and four days later in Singapore and [[Malaysia]], on 23 February 2007.<ref name="Indiaglitzaudio">{{Cite web |date=21 February 2007 |title=Chennai-600028 audio on 19 Feb |url=http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/tamil/article/29324.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070223035534/http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/tamil/article/29324.html |archive-date=23 February 2007 |access-date=28 July 2009 |website=IndiaGlitz.com}}</ref> The album was both critically acclaimed and gained immense popularity upon its release.<ref name="Indiaglitzreview">{{Cite web |date=26 February 2007 |title=Chennai 600028 – A youthful musical journey |url=http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/tamil/musicreview/8805.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070305225733/http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/tamil/musicreview/8805.html |archive-date=5 March 2007 |access-date=28 July 2009 |website=IndiaGlitz.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=28 February 2007 |title=Chennai-600028 audio a big hit |url=http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/tamil/article/29505.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070302072511/http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/tamil/article/29505.html |archive-date=2 March 2007 |access-date=28 July 2009 |website=IndiaGlitz.com}}</ref>

== Release and reception ==
''Chennai 600028'' was released on 27 April 2007.{{citation needed|date=April 2024}} ''[[Sify]]'' in their review stated that "All the guys who acted in the film are candid and have let their hair down. RJ Shiva is the surprise packet in the film. Venkat Prabhu deserves a pat on his back for making a breezy fun movie which highlights the fact that cricket in India which is a religion for many is also won through team spirit and sacrifice. So go ahead, make your matinee and enjoy the match."<ref>{{Cite web |title=Chennai-600028 |url=https://www.sify.com/movies/chennai-600028-review--pclwoBaajccbf.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070429025157/http://sify.com/movies/tamil/review.php?id=14439141&ctid=5&cid=2429 |archive-date=29 April 2007 |access-date=9 January 2020 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref> Baradwaj Rangan reviewed the film as "A street-cricket saga from a bunch of no-names comes out of nowhere and knocks your socks off."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rangan |first=Baradwaj |author-link=Baradwaj Rangan |date=31 May 2007 |title=Review: Chennai 600028 |url=https://baradwajrangan.wordpress.com/2007/05/31/review-chennai-600028/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221024023514/https://baradwajrangan.wordpress.com/2007/05/31/review-chennai-600028/ |archive-date=24 October 2022 |access-date=9 January 2020 |website=Baradwaj Rangan |language=en}}</ref> Writing for ''[[Rediff.com]]'', Sriram Iyer stated "The movie is a result of a perfect team effort in every sense. A perfect entertainer, not to be missed."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Iyer |first=Sriram |date=30 April 2007 |title=Chennai 600028 -- a potential blockbuster |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/2007/apr/30chennai.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210818220806/https://www.rediff.com/movies/2007/apr/30chennai.htm |archive-date=18 August 2021 |access-date=9 January 2020 |website=[[Rediff.com]]}}</ref> Malathi Rangarajan of ''[[The Hindu]]'' wrote "Every city youngster would have experienced one or the other situation projected in `Chennai ... ' And that's the film's USP. Venkat Prabhu has shown that without a glowing star cast or formulaic gibberish, enjoyable films can be made. Down-to-earth approach and levity are Prabhu's strengths. `Chennai 600028' is proof enough."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rangarajan |first=Malathi |date=4 May 2007 |title=Leading a winning team – Chennai 600028 |url=http://hindu.com/thehindu/fr/2007/05/04/stories/2007050400100200.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071014161417/http://hindu.com/thehindu/fr/2007/05/04/stories/2007050400100200.htm |archive-date=14 October 2007 |access-date=11 April 2023 |website=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> Malini Mannath of ''Chennai Online'' wrote, "It's an interestingly scripted and narrated tale from producer-director duo of S P B Charan (his third production) and Venkat Prabhu. No doubt the takings at times are a bit amateurish. Also, the debutant director has done his bit of experimentation, breaking away from the grammar of conventional film-making. But all this has worked to the film's advantage. For, there is a candid, realistic feel to the whole narrative. The unconventional camera movements and angles (debutant Shakti Saravanan), and the slick editing (Lenin) all add to the effect. Yuvan Shanker Raja's songs too blend in well."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mannath |first=Malini |date=15 May 2007 |title=Chennai 600028 |url=http://www.chennaionline.com/film/Moviereviews/2007/05chennai28.asp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070717194531/http://www.chennaionline.com/film/Moviereviews/2007/05chennai28.asp |archive-date=17 July 2007 |access-date=1 May 2024 |website=Chennai Online}}</ref> Lajjavathi of ''[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]]'' praised the acting of debutants, Venkat Prabhu's direction, Sakthi saravanan's cinematography and Yuvan Shankar Raja's music and concluded calling it perfect jolly treatment for youth.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=லஜ்ஜாவதி |date=13 May 2007 |title=சென்னை 600028 |url=https://archive.org/details/kalki2007-05-13/page/50/mode/2up |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240501160114/https://archive.org/details/kalki2007-05-13/page/50/mode/2up |archive-date=1 May 2024 |access-date=1 May 2024 |magazine=[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]] |pages=50–51 |language=ta |via=[[Internet Archive]]}}</ref>

The film emerged a [[sleeper hit]] at the box office, and also attained [[cult following|cult status]], in coming years.<ref name=":0" /><ref name="behindwoods.com" /> The film's 100th day celebrations, took place in early August 2007 at [[Chennai Trade Centre]], with [[Rajinikanth]] and [[Kamal Haasan|Kamal Hassan]] being the chief guest.<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 August 2007 |title=Kamal, Rajni attend Chennai – 600028 celebrations |url=https://www.nowrunning.com/news/tamil/kamal-rajni-attend-chennai-600028-celebrations/11613/story.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240408090759/https://www.nowrunning.com/news/tamil/kamal-rajni-attend-chennai-600028-celebrations/11613/story.htm |archive-date=8 April 2024 |access-date=8 April 2024 |website=Nowrunning |language=en}}</ref> The film was later dubbed in [[Telugu language|Telugu]] as ''Kodithe Kottalira'' in 2009.<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 July 2007 |title=Audio launch – Kodithe Kottalira |url=https://www.idlebrain.com/news/functions/audio-kodithekottalira.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231107165904/https://idlebrain.com/news/functions/audio-kodithekottalira.html |archive-date=7 November 2023 |access-date=8 April 2024 |website=[[Idlebrain.com]]}}</ref>

== Remakes ==
The film was remade in [[Bengali language|Bengali]] as ''[[Le Chakka]]'' (2009),<ref>{{Cite news |date=12 September 2010 |title=Copycat chronicles |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/1100912/jsp/calcutta/story_12922038.jsp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100915024129/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1100912/jsp/calcutta/story_12922038.jsp |archive-date=15 September 2010 |access-date=17 June 2018 |work=[[The Telegraph (India)|The Telegraph]] |location=Calcutta}}</ref> and in [[Kannada]] as ''[[Bangalore 560023]]'' (2015). The film was also remade in [[Sinhala language|Sinhalese]] as ''[[Super Six (film)|Super Six]]'' in 2012.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sharma |first=Suparna |date=18 November 2023 |title=10 must-watch cricket films in the lead up to the World Cup final |url=https://rollingstoneindia.com/10-must-watch-cricket-films-in-the-lead-to-the-world-cup-final/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240101143647/https://rollingstoneindia.com/10-must-watch-cricket-films-in-the-lead-to-the-world-cup-final/ |archive-date=1 January 2024 |access-date=8 April 2024 |website=[[Rolling Stone India]] |language=en}}</ref>

== Awards and nominations ==
; [[Vijay Awards]]
* [[Vijay Award for Best Crew]]
* [[Vijay Award for Best Find of the Year]] – [[Venkat Prabhu]]
* Nominated – [[Vijay Award for Best Film]]
* Nominated – [[Vijay Award for Best Director]] – Venkat Prabhu
* Nominated – [[Vijay Award for Best Story, Screenplay Writer]] – Venkat Prabhu
* Nominated – [[Vijay Award for Best Debut Actor]] – [[Shiva (actor)|Shiva]]
* Nominated – [[Vijay Award for Best Debut Actress]] – [[Vijayalakshmi Ahathian]]
* Nominated – [[Vijay Award for Best Editor]] – [[B. Lenin]]
* Nominated – [[Vijay Award for Best Lyricist]] – [[Vaali (poet)|Vaali]]
* Nominated – [[Vijay Award for Best Male Playback Singer]] – [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
* Nominated – [[Vijay Award for Best Choreographer]] – [[Ajay Raj]]

; [[Tamil Nadu State Film Awards]]
*[[Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Family Film]]

== Sequel ==
{{Main|Chennai 600028 II}}
A sequel to ''Chennai 600028'' was released on 9 December 2016. It features several cast members from the earlier film including [[Jai (actor)|Jai]], [[Shiva (actor)|Shiva]], [[Premji Amaran|Premji]], [[Aravind Akash]] and [[Nithin Sathya]]. Actors [[Vaibhav Reddy|Vaibhav]], [[Subbu Panchu]], [[Abhinay Vaddi]] were chosen to play supporting roles in the film.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Subhakeerthana |first=S. |date=20 April 2016 |title=Abhinay plays baddie in Chennai-28 sequel! |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/kollywood/200416/abhinay-plays-baddie-in-chennai-28-sequel.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200623044348/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/kollywood/200416/abhinay-plays-baddie-in-chennai-28-sequel.html |archive-date=23 June 2020 |access-date=10 January 2020 |website=[[Deccan Chronicle]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=10 December 2019 |title=Chennai 600028 boys meet to celebrate three years of the sequel |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/chennai-600028-boys-meet-to-celebrate-three-years-of-the-sequel/articleshow/72456364.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191211125145/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/chennai-600028-boys-meet-to-celebrate-three-years-of-the-sequel/articleshow/72456364.cms |archive-date=11 December 2019 |access-date=8 April 2024 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title}}

{{Venkat Prabhu}}

[[Category:2000s buddy comedy films]]
[[Category:2007 Indian films]]
[[Category:2000s sports comedy films]]
[[Category:2007 sports films]]
[[Category:2007 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:2007 directorial debut films]]
[[Category:2007 romantic comedy-drama films]]
[[Category:Culture of Chennai]]
[[Category:Films about competitions]]
[[Category:Films about cricket in India]]
[[Category:Films about friendship]]
[[Category:Films about students]]
[[Category:Films directed by Venkat Prabhu]]
[[Category:Films scored by Yuvan Shankar Raja]]
[[Category:Films set in Chennai]]
[[Category:Films set in universities and colleges]]
[[Category:Films shot in Chennai]]
[[Category:Indian buddy comedy films]]
[[Category:Indian romantic comedy-drama films]] 
[[Category:Indian sports comedy films]]
[[Category:Street cricket]]
[[Category:Tamil films remade in other languages]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language sports comedy films]]

M. Venkataraju

2026-02-08T12:00:12Z

FerminDodson605: formatting fix

{{Short description|Indian music director and composer}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2019}}
{{infobox person
|name =M. Venkataraju
|image =
|birth_name=Mandapati Venkataraju<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.chittaranjanmusic.com/introduction/|title = Introduction | Chittarajan Music World}}</ref>
|birth_date =31 March 1916<ref name="R1">{{Cite web|url=https://kannadacinemalist.wordpress.com/2016/01/30/mvenkataraju/|title = M Venkataraju Kannada Movie Music Composer|date = 30 January 2016}}</ref>
|death_date =1969<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://chiloka.com/celebrity/m-venkataraju|title = M Venkataraju : Kannada Music Director Age, Movies, Biography}}</ref>
|occupation=Music director
|mother=Rangamma<ref name="R1"/>
|relatives =[[M. Ranga Rao]] (Brother)<ref name="R1"/>
}}
'''M Venkataraju''' (1916-1969) was a music director/composer of [[Kannada cinema]].<ref>{{cite web|title=List of Kannada movies online with music composed by M. Venkataraju|url=http://www.moovyshoovy.com/kannada_movie_list.php?searchType=music&search=M%20Venkataraju|website=www.moovyshoovy.com|accessdate=10 October 2017}}</ref>

==Filmography==
;List of films<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.saavn.com/s/artist/m.-venkataraju-albums/ZrqkWKP9Yxg_|title = M. Venkataraju - Top Albums - Listen on JioSaavn}}</ref>
*''[[Bhakta Kanakadasa]]'' (1960)
*''[[Raja Satyavrata]]'' (1961)
*''[[Swarna Gowri]]'' (1962)
*''[[Thejaswini]]'' (1962)
*''[[Sri Dharmasthala Mahathme]]'' (1962)
*''[[Nanda Deepa]]'' (1963)
*''[[Jeevana Tharanga]]'' (1963)
*''[[Chandra Kumara]]'' (In association with T.Chalapathi Rao) (1963)

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{cite web|title=M. Venkataraju|url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm5926150/|website=IMDb}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Venkataraju, M}}
[[Category:Kannada film score composers]]
[[Category:1916 births]]
[[Category:1969 deaths]]
[[Category:Film musicians from Karnataka]]

Taaza Khabar

2026-02-05T04:51:07Z

FerminDodson605: Done...

{{Short description|2023 Indian comedy thriller television series}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2023}}
{{Infobox television
| image = Taaza Khabar hotstar poster.jpg
| caption = Promotional poster
| genre = {{ubl|[[Comedy]]|[[Thriller (genre)|Thriller]]|[[Drama (film and television)|Drama]]}}
| creator = {{Plainlist|
*Abbas Dalal
*Hussain Dalal
}}
| writer = {{Plainlist|
*Abbas Dalal
*Hussain Dalal
}}
| director = Himank Gaur
| starring = {{Plainlist|
*[[Bhuvan Bam]]
*[[Mahesh Manjrekar]]
*[[Shriya Pilgaonkar]]
*[[JD Chakravarthy]]
*[[Deven Bhojani]]
*[[Prathamesh Parab]]
*Nitya Mathur
*[[Shilpa Shukla]]
*[[Mithilesh Chaturvedi]]
*[[Jaaved Jaaferi]]
}}
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| num_seasons = 2
| num_episodes = 12
| producer = {{Plainlist|
*Rohit Raj
*[[Bhuvan Bam]]
}}
| cinematography = Remy Dalai
| editor = Harshit Sharma
| music = Saurabh Lokhande Jarvis Menezes
| camera = [[Multi-camera]]
| runtime = 30–40 minutes
| company = [[BB Ki Vines]]
| network = [[Disney+ Hotstar]]
| first_aired = {{Start date|2023|01|05|df=yes}}
| last_aired = present
}}

'''''Taaza Khabar''''' ({{langx|hi|ताज़ा ख़बर|translit=Tāzā K͟habar|translit-std=ISO}}) is an Indian [[comedy]] [[Thriller (genre)|thriller]] television series on [[Disney+ Hotstar]]. It was written by Abbas Dalal and [[Hussain Dalal]] and directed by Himank Gaur. It stars [[Bhuvan Bam]], [[Shriya Pilgaonkar]], [[J. D. Chakravarthy]], [[Deven Bhojani]], [[Prathamesh Parab]], Nitya Mathur, and [[Shilpa Shukla]].{{citation needed|date=September 2024}} In April 2024, Disney+ Hotstar confirmed that the series had been renewed for a second season.<ref>{{cite web|last=Whittock|first=Jesse|title=Indian Action Drama 'Taaza Khabar' Lands Season 2 At Disney+ Hotstar|url=https://deadline.com/video/taaza-khabar-bhuvan-bam-season-2-disney-plus-hotstar/|website=Deadline Hollywood|date=5 April 2024|access-date=5 April 2024}}</ref>

The web series is [[Over-the-top media service|OTT]] debut of YouTuber [[Bhuvan Bam]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Bhuvan Bam kickstarts shoot for debut OTT project Taaza Khabar with Shriya Pilgaonkar and Deven Bhojani |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/bhuvan-bam-kickstarts-shoot-debut-ott-taaza-khabar-shriya-pilgaonkar-deven-bhojani-7962163/ |access-date=5 January 2023 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |date=10 June 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Bhuvan Bam To Make His OTT Debut With 'Taaza Khabar' |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/art-entertainment/bhuvan-bam-to-make-his-ott-debut-with-taaza-khabar--news-194904 |access-date=5 January 2023 |work=[[Outlook (Indian magazine)|Outlook India]] |date=9 May 2022}}</ref>

== Premise ==
Taaza Khabar follows the story of Vasant "Vasya" Gawade, a sanitation worker in Mumbai whose life takes an unexpected turn when he acquires a mystical power that allows him to receive news before it happens. In Season 1, Vasya initially uses this ability for personal gain, seeking to escape his life of poverty and uplift his loved ones. However, as his fortunes rise, he becomes entangled in a dangerous world of crime, ambition, and betrayal, learning that power comes with unforeseen consequences.

In Season 2, Vasya faces fallout of his actions from the previous season. With enemies closing in and his relationships unraveling, he struggles to maintain control over his destiny and the power that once seemed like a blessing. As his world grows darker and more treacherous, Vasya is forced to confront difficult choices about loyalty, morality, and the true cost of altering fate.

== Cast ==
* [[Bhuvan Bam]] as Vasant "Vasya" Gawade
* [[Shriya Pilgaonkar]] as Madhubala "Madhu"
* [[J. D. Chakravarthy]] as Shetty Anna
* [[Deven Bhojani]] as Mehboob Bhai
* [[Prathamesh Parab|Prathmesh Parab]] as Raja Chaturvedi aka Peter
* Tamanna Sharma as Julie
* Nitya Mathur as Shazia
* Sharad Joshi as Waseem
* [[Shilpa Shukla]] as Aapa/Reshma
* [[Mithilesh Chaturvedi]] as Billmoriya
* [[Mahesh Manjrekar]] as Kismat Bhai
* [[Atisha Naik]] as Vasant's Mother
* Vijay Nikam as Vasant's Father
* Vipul Deshpande as Senior Inspector Manoj Rathore
* [[Jaaved Jaaferi]] as Yusuf Akhtar
* [[Gauri Pradhan Tejwani]] as Swati
* [[Chetan Hansraj]] as Ikka, Yusuf's henchman

==Episodes==
{{Series overview
| color1 = #74E387
| link1 = #Season 1 (2023)
| episodes1 = 6
| released1 = {{Start date|2023|01|05}}

| color2 = #004000
| link2 = #Season 2 (2024)
| episodes2 = 6
| released2 = {{Start date|2024|09|27}}
}}

===Season 1 (2023)===
{{Episode table|background=#74E387|overall=12|title=20|director=20|writer=28|airdate=18|country=India|episodes=
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 1
|Title = Khabardaar
|DirectedBy = Himank Gaur
|WrittenBy = Hussain Dalal & Abbas Dalal
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|01|05|df=y}}
| ShortSummary = Vasya's slum-dog life is an uphill struggle. His only respite, and lady love, is Madhu, a sex worker. One day, his kindness gets rewarded when he receives an old lady's blessings.
|LineColor = 74E387
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 2
|Title = Vardaan
|DirectedBy = Himank Gaur
|WrittenBy = Hussain Dalal & Abbas Dalal
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|01|05|df=y}}
| ShortSummary = Only Vasya's friend Peter believes in him, and they set out to exploit his newfound power and try to sell a vintage vase. Will their first mission make them the kings of the city?
|LineColor = 74E387
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 3
|Title = Azaadi
|DirectedBy = Himank Gaur
|WrittenBy = Hussain Dalal & Abbas Dalal
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|01|05|df=y}}
| ShortSummary = Helping a contestant win a live game show does not work the way Vasya and Peter wanted, but all's not lost. He frees Madhu from the brothel, but will the lovers live in peace?
|LineColor = 74E387
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 4
|Title = Kismat
|DirectedBy = Himank Gaur
|WrittenBy = Hussain Dalal & Abbas Dalal
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|01|05|df=y}}
| ShortSummary = Betting on an upcoming cricket tournament, the team start earning big bucks. But, as Vasya eyes his mother's dream villa, the city has eyes on him, just like the police.
|LineColor = 74E387
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 5
|Title = Baazi
|DirectedBy = Himank Gaur
|WrittenBy = Hussain Dalal & Abbas Dalal
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|01|05|df=y}}
| ShortSummary = Vasya begins to distrust his team and fears for his mother's life. During a surprise romantic dinner, he proposes to Madhu. But, before she can say yes, her past catches up.
|LineColor = 74E387
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 6
|Title = Shraap
|DirectedBy = Himank Gaur
|WrittenBy = Hussain Dalal & Abbas Dalal
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|01|05|df=y}}
| ShortSummary = Vasya's dream of owning the villa comes true, and his mother and team move in. However, his blessing turns into a curse as this kind-hearted man slowly becomes a megalomaniac. He soon finds a predictive news that he's been murdered.
|LineColor = 74E387
}}
}}

=== Season 2 (2024) ===
{{Episode table|background=#004000|overall=6|season=6|title=20|director=20|writer=28|airdate=18|country=India|episodes=
{{Episode list
| EpisodeNumber = 7
| EpisodeNumber2 = 1
| Title = Hisaab
| DirectedBy = Himank Gaur
| WrittenBy = Aziz Dalal, Abbas Dalal & Hussain Dalal
| OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2024|09|27|df=y}}
| ShortSummary = Peter recounts the last interaction he had with Vasya. While Vasya's loved ones deal with his loss, a new enemy makes their life a living hell.
|LineColor = 004000
}}
{{Episode list
| EpisodeNumber = 8
| EpisodeNumber2 = 2
| Title = Waapsi
| DirectedBy = Himank Gaur
| WrittenBy = Aziz Dalal, Abbas Dalal & Hussain Dalal
| OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2024|09|27|df=y}}
| ShortSummary = Vasya's life hits the reset button as he turns to Taaza Khabar to repay Yusuf's losses but with a sly plan to outwit his nemesis this time.
|LineColor = 004000
}}
{{Episode list
| EpisodeNumber = 9
| EpisodeNumber2 = 3
| Title = Vardaan 2.0
| DirectedBy = Himank Gaur
| WrittenBy = Aziz Dalal, Abbas Dalal & Hussain Dalal
| OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2024|09|27|df=y}}
| ShortSummary = Madhu is glad when Vasya saves a child's life. Yusuf warns Vasya that no tricks will work on him. As the clock ticks down, Vasya is hit with a game-changing Taaza Khabar.
|LineColor = 004000
}}
{{Episode list
| EpisodeNumber = 10
| EpisodeNumber2 = 4
| Title = Sab Dhuan
| DirectedBy = Himank Gaur
| WrittenBy = Aziz Dalal, Abbas Dalal & Hussain Dalal
| OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2024|09|27|df=y}}
| ShortSummary = Vasya and his team navigate the twists of a revamped Taaza Khabar when an old ally unexpectedly re-enters their lives. The events that follow change everything forever.
|LineColor = 004000
}}
{{Episode list
| EpisodeNumber = 11
| EpisodeNumber2 = 5
| Title = Aakhri Daav
| DirectedBy = Himank Gaur
| WrittenBy = Aziz Dalal, Abbas Dalal & Hussain Dalal
| OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2024|09|27|df=y}}
| ShortSummary = Vasya, a changed man, receives his most joyful Taaza Khabar yet. Reignited by a new lease on life, he's determined to settle the score with Yusuf once and for all.
|LineColor = 004000
}}
{{Episode list
| EpisodeNumber = 12
| EpisodeNumber2 = 6
| Title = Aapki Marzi
| DirectedBy = Himank Gaur
| WrittenBy = Aziz Dalal, Abbas Dalal & Hussain Dalal
| OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2024|09|27|df=y}}
| ShortSummary = Vasya and Yusuf meet face to face - no escape, no turning back. Will Vasya conquer the seemingly invincible Yusuf or fall to his greatest foe?
|LineColor = 004000
}}
}}

== Reception ==
Taaza Khabar season 1 released on 6 January 2023 on [[Disney+Hotstar]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Srivastav |first1=Simran |title=Bollywood News LIVE: Bhuvan Bam's 'Taaza Khabar' Releases Today, Farzi First Look Out And More |url=https://www.thedailyjagran.com/entertainment/latest-entertainment-news-today-hollywood-south-korean-cinema-updates-bigg-boss-16-bts-shah-rukh-khan-taaza-khabar-ott-release-akshay-kumar-farzi-bhuvan-bam-deepika-padukone-pathaan-lb-385 |access-date=6 January 2023 |work=[[Dainik Jagran|Jagran English]] |date=6 January 2023 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Bhuvan Bam's OTT Debut Taaza Khabar To Streaming on Disney+Hotstar |url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/bhuvan-bams-ott-debut-taaza-khabar-to-streaming-on-disneyhotstar-6781453.html |access-date=7 January 2023 |work=[[CNN-News18|News18]] |date=7 January 2023 |language=en}}</ref> Archika Khurana of ''[[The Times of India]]'' rate 3 out of 5 stars and wrote "‘Taaza Khabar’ is an interesting watch for the way it narrates the everyday life of a simpleton with big dreams. It also reflects how people's attitudes and behaviours shift when money is involved."<ref>{{cite news |last=Khurana |first=Archika |title=Taaza Khabar Season 1 Review: Bhuvan Bam and Shriya Pilgaokar's balanced performances elevate this predictable dramedy |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/web-series/reviews/hindi/taaza-khabar/season-1/seasonreview/96428555.cms |access-date=6 January 2023 |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=6 January 2023}}{{rating|3|5}}</ref> Reviewing for ''[[NDTV]]'', Saibal Chatterjee rated the web series 2/5 stars and wrote "Expect no magic in Taaza Khabar."<ref>{{cite news |last=Chatterjee |first=Saibal |title=Taaza Khabar Review: Bhuvan Bam And Shriya Pilgaonkar's Series Is A Desultory Affair |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/taaza-khabar-review-bhuvan-bam-and-shriya-pilgaonkars-series-is-a-desultory-affair-2-stars-3668409 |access-date=6 January 2023 |work=[[NDTV]] |date=6 January 2023}}{{rating|2|5}}</ref> Sukanya Verma for ''[[Rediff.com]]'' wrote "Half a dozen episodes play out like an offhanded discussion between writers planning incidents and consequences but nothing is fleshed out."<ref>{{cite news |last=Verma |first=Sukanya |title=Taaza Khabar Review: No Magic Here |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/review/taaza-khabar-review/20230106.htm |access-date=6 January 2023 |work=[[Rediff.com]] |date=6 January 2023 |language=en}}{{rating|2|5}}</ref> Nandini Ramnath of ''[[Scroll.in]]'' wrote "Hell-bent on giving Vasant his comeuppance, the show’s makers miss some of the more unexpected turns that the story could have taken."<ref>{{cite news |last=Ramnath |first=Nandini |title='Taaza Khabar' review: Boon-as-bane comedy goes from boom to bust |url=https://scroll.in/reel/1041294/taaza-khabar-review-boon-as-bane-comedy-goes-from-boom-to-bust |access-date=6 January 2023 |work=[[Scroll.in]] |date=6 January 2023}}</ref> Pratikshya Mishra of ''[[The Quint]]'' wrote "As the poster suggests, Taaza Khabar is the Bhuvan Bam show – the secondary characters, though better written than I expected – still remain only secondary in the plot."<ref>{{cite news |last=Mishra |first=Pratikshya |title='Taaza Khabar' Review: Bhuvan Bam's Show Relies Almost Too Heavily on Its Cast |url=https://www.thequint.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/taaza-khabar-bhuvan-bam-ott-show-all-episodes-review-shriya-pilgaonkar |access-date=6 January 2023 |work=[[The Quint]] |date=6 January 2023 |language=en}}{{rating|2.5|5}}</ref> Zinia Bandyopadhyay of ''[[India Today]]'' rated 2.5/5 stars and wrote "It is the screenplay that you might have a complaint about, as it seems not-so-genuine. What was very important for the series to achieve was empathy for its lead character, as well as the friends he has."<ref>{{cite news |last=Bandyopadhyay |first=Zinia |title=Taaza Khabar Review: Bhuvan Bam has a treat for fans, but the show is stuck in superficiality |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/binge-watch/reviews/story/taaza-khabar-review-bhuvan-bam-has-a-treat-for-fans-but-the-show-is-stuck-in-superficiality-2318126-2023-01-06 |access-date=7 January 2023 |work=[[India Today]] |date=6 January 2023 |language=en}}{{rating|2.5|5}}</ref> Manik Sharma of ''[[Firstpost]]'' wrote "There isn’t a lack of commitment here, for Bam does go all-out to fit into a role that belies his larger-than-life personality as an internet icon. Turns out, acting is not an equal sport and it demands, and exposes in equal measure. Bam isn’t exactly disappointing here, but never effective either."<ref>{{cite news |last=Sharma |first=Manik |title=Taaza Khabar review: Bhuvan Bam's series take the predictable road and is lesser for it |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/taaza-khabar-review-bhuvan-bams-series-take-the-predictable-road-and-is-lesser-for-it-11941932.html |access-date=7 January 2023 |work=[[Firstpost]] |date=6 January 2023 |language=en}}</ref> Sanjana Deshpande for ''[[The Free Press Journal]]'' wrote "'Taaza Khabar' is crafted out of Bollywood's favourite trope, and starts on a promising note only leaving viewers high and dry. The end does not make viewers any wiser."<ref>{{cite news |last=Deshpande |first=Sanjana |title=Taaza Khabar Review: Bhuvan Bam's OTT debut is old wine served in a new package |url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/movie-review/taaza-khabar-review-bhuvan-bams-ott-debut-is-old-wine-served-in-a-new-package |work=[[The Free Press Journal]] |date=7 January 2023 |language=en}}{{rating|2.5|5}}</ref> Devasheesh Pandey of ''[[India TV]]'' rated 2.5/5 stars and wrote "The cinematography and music help a lot in making the world of Taaza Khabar seem palpable. The dialogue play is convincing but nothing extraordinary."<ref>{{cite news |last=Pandey |first=Devasheesh |title=Taaza Khabar Review: Bhuvan Bam is sincere in predictable Disney+Hotstar show about underdogs |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/movie-review/taaza-khabar-review-bhuvan-bam-shriya-pilgaonkar-sincere-in-predictable-disneyplushotstar-show-708 |access-date=7 January 2023 |work=[[India TV]] |date=6 January 2023 |language=en}}{{rating|2.5|5}}</ref> Kartik Bhardwaj of ''[[The New Indian Express]]'' wrote "Taaza Khabar does show promise at the start. It doesn’t play up Bam’s YouTube image, but rather than portraying him as an actor, it gets entangled in projecting him as the ‘hero’."<ref>{{cite news |last=Bhardwaj |first=Kartik |title=Taaza Khabar Series: Starts off fresh but resorts to old tactics |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2023/jan/07/taaza-khabar-series-starts-off-fresh-but-resorts-to-old-tactics-2535388.html |access-date=7 January 2023 |work=[[The New Indian Express]] |date=7 January 2023}}{{rating|2.5|5}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|tt22014226}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Taaza Khabar}}
[[Category:Hindi-language Disney+ Hotstar original programming]]
[[Category:2023 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:Indian comedy television series]]
[[Category:Hindi-language television shows]]
[[Category:2023 web series debuts]]
[[Category:Indian web series]]

Koorai silk saree

2026-02-02T11:34:03Z

FerminDodson605: new a data!

{{Coord|11.101800|79.652600|display=title}}{{Short description|Textile industry in Tamil Nadu and Silk in India}}
{{Infobox Sharee|name=Koorai silk saree|image=Koorai silk saree 6.jpg|image_size=250px|caption=A typical Koorai saree used in Tamil Hindu weddings|native_name=கூரை பட்டு புடவை|native_name_lang=ta|origin‌‌_place=[[Koranad]] [[Mayiladuthurai]] [[Mayiladuthurai district]]|origin‌‌_date=30th century BCE|ingredients=Silk & Cotton|length={{convert|9|yd|m|abbr=on}}|breadth={{convert|1.33|yd|m|abbr=on}}|state=[[Tamil Nadu]]|colour=Purple, dark pink and turmeric yellow|usage=Hindu wedding ceremonies|manufacturer=Tamilnadu handloom weavers co-operative society, [[Koranad]] [[Mayiladuthurai]]|gi_status=Applied and under review}}
'''Koorai silk saree''', also referred to as ''Koorai Pattu Pudavai'', ''Koorai Pattu'', or ''Koranad cloth'',<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SzWvq8EYBwUC&dq=The+Illustrated+Guide+to+the+South+Indian+Railway+kornad+cloth&pg=PA52 |title=Illustrated Guide to the South Indian Railway (Incorporated in England): Including the Tanjore District Board, Pondicherry, Peralam-Karaikkal, Travancore State, Cochin State, Coimbatore District Board, Tinnevelly-Tiruchendur, and the Nilgiri Railways |date=1926 |publisher=Asian Educational Services |isbn=978-81-206-1889-3 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Modak |first=S. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yHgsAAAAYAAJ&dq=kornad+cloth&pg=PA426 |title=Directory of Protestant Indian Christians |date=1900 |publisher=Printed at the Bombay Education Society's Steam Press |language=en}}</ref> is a traditional nine-yard [[Sari|saree]] originating from [[Kornad|Koranad]] in [[Mayiladuthurai]], [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]]. Traditionally worn by brides<ref>{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=Nagendra Kr |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=10IwAQAAIAAJ&q=koorai+pudavai |title=Global Encyclopaedia of the South Indian Dalit's Ethnography |date=2006 |publisher=Global Vision Publishing House |isbn=978-81-8220-170-5 |language=en}}</ref> during [[Hindus|Hindu]] wedding ceremonies,<ref>{{Cite book |last=Thyagarajan |first=Ms Padmaa |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HsDtDwAAQBAJ&dq=koorai+pudavai&pg=PT661 |title=Thus Spake The Divine - Vol. 1: (Translation of Deivattin Kural) |date=2018-01-01 |publisher=Giri Trading Agency Private Limited |isbn=978-81-7950-788-9 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-05-26 |title=பெண்கள் திருமணத்தின் போது முகூர்த்தத்திற்கு சிவப்பு நிற புடவை அணிவதில் இத்தனை விஷயங்கள் இருக்கா..! |url=https://tamil.news18.com/photogallery/lifestyle/fashion-why-red-has-almost-always-been-the-colour-of-indian-brides-esr-ghta-750533-page-5.html |access-date=2025-05-18 |website=tamil.news18.com |language=ta}}</ref> the saree is recognized for its unique weaving patterns and cultural significance. It is produced by the Sāliyan weaving community using a blend of [[silk]] and cotton, and is typically characterized by checked designs and vibrant colors such as green and yellow, which are traditionally associated with prosperity and fertility.<ref>{{Cite web |title=இன்று ஒரு மரபு, நாளை ஒரு நெஞ்சினம் |url=https://zeenews.india.com/tamil/photo-gallery/importance-of-the-koorai-pudavai-in-tamil-culture-and-its-essential-background-in-marriage-573536/%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%81-%E0%AE%92%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81-%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81-%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%88-%E0%AE%92%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81-%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%9E%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D-573537 |access-date=2025-05-18 |website=Zee Hindustan Tamil |language=ta}}</ref>

== History ==
The Koorai silk saree, originates from Koorai Naadu—present-day [[Kornad|Koranad]], a neighborhood in [[Mayiladuthurai]], Tamil Nadu, India.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hemingway F.r. |url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.210633 |title=Madras District Gazetteers Tanjore Vol-i |date=1906 |pages=231}}</ref><ref name="verandah">{{cite web |title=The Garb from Koranad - Koorai Pattu Pudavai |url=https://theverandahclub.com/article/the-garb-from-koranad-koorai-pattu-pudavai-482 |access-date=2025-04-12 |website=The Verandah Club}}</ref><ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N_TX5Epf3C8&ab_channel=HouseofTuhil |title=House of Tuhil - A Weaving Story {{!}} Making of our Koorainadu Silk Cotton Saree |date=2025-03-20 |last=House of Tuhil |access-date=2025-04-23 |via=YouTube}}</ref> The tradition is associated with Saint [[Nesa Nayanar]], a Nayanar saint reputed for weaving garments for devotees of [[Shiva|Lord Shiva]], and the [[Saliya|Sāliyan]] weaving community, who trace their lineage to Sāliya Mahā Rishi, according to the ''Sthalapurānam'' of the [[Nalladai Agneeswarar Temple|Nallādai temple]]. Believed to date back nearly 5,000 years,<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last1=Sathiaram |first1=Sarvadh |last2=Venkataraman |first2=Ramanujan |year=2022 |title=Revitalization of the Koorainadu Saree Industry of Mayiladuthurai, Tamil Nadu |url=https://www.academia.edu/104686976 |journal=International Journal of Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences Studies |volume=7 |issue=9 |issn=2582-1601 |access-date=2025-04-23}}</ref><ref name="gaatha">{{cite web |title=Koorai Pattu Pudavai |url=https://gaatha.com/koorainadu-sari/ |access-date=2025-04-12 |website=Gaatha|date=20 August 2018 }}</ref> the saree was originally woven from [[cotton]]. By the early 20th century, it transitioned to [[silk]] and became a prominent bridal garment, particularly until the 1950s.<ref name="deccan">{{cite web |title=Go that extra yard |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/features/go-that-extra-yard-793245.html |access-date=2025-04-12 |website=Deccan Herald}}</ref> Revival initiatives, such as those led by T. N. Venkatesh of Co-Optex in 2014, have aimed to sustain the craft amid a decline in the number of traditional weavers.<ref name="verandah" />

== Weaving and materials ==
Koorai Pattu Pudavai is traditionally handwoven using pit looms, raised pit looms, or frame looms, with each saree requiring approximately 6 to 10 days to complete and involving an estimated 13,000 hand and leg movements.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Koorainadu {{!}} Isha Sadhguru |url=https://isha.sadhguru.org/en/outreach/save-the-weave/indian-weaves/koorainadu-sari |access-date=2025-04-12 |website=isha.sadhguru.org |language=en}}</ref> The loom setup itself typically takes up to a week.<ref name=":0" /> The saree is produced using pure silk and fine-twisted mercerized cotton yarn in a 2:1 ratio,<ref>{{Cite book |last=M.N. PUSHPA |url=https://archive.org/details/dli.chennai.173 |title=TEXTILES AND TEXTILE BLOCKS |date=2006 |publisher=The Commissioner Of Museums, Government Museum, Chennai. |language=English}}</ref> resulting in a lightweight fabric with a silk-like texture.<ref name=":0" /> It is characterized by small checked patterns created through the interlacing of warp and weft threads, and includes a ''seer pallu'' (decorative end piece) often woven in contrasting colors.<ref name=":0" /> Synthetic dyes are used to produce vibrant shades such as green, yellow, maroon, and red, which are traditionally associated with cultural symbolism.<ref name=":0" />

== Design and features ==
The sari measuring approximately nine yards in length and 1.33 yards in width, the saree is traditionally designed for the ''Madisar'' drape—a Tamil style in which the lower portion resembles a dhoti and the upper portion a saree. This draping style is culturally associated with the symbolic representation of the union of masculine and feminine energies.<ref name=":2" /> A distinguishing feature of the Koorai Pattu saree is its cotton checked pattern, which requires skilled weaving techniques and sets it apart from other regional sarees.<ref name="gaatha-craft3">{{cite web |title=Weaving~Koorainadu sarees |url=https://gaatha.org/Craft-of-India/weavingkoorainadu-sarees/ |access-date=2025-04-12 |website=Gaatha|date=29 September 2021 }}</ref> While traditional versions included double-sided ''pallus'', contemporary designs more commonly feature a single-sided ''pallu'' in contrasting colors.<ref name=":0"/> Decorative motifs are typically inspired by elements of nature and marital customs, and color variations now include shades such as purple, dark pink, and turmeric yellow.<ref name=":0" />

== Cultural significance ==
In [[Tamils|Tamil]] [[Hindu wedding]]s, the Koorai Pattu Pudavai is traditionally worn during the ''muhurtham''—the auspicious moment when the ''mangalsutra'' is tied—an event believed to promote marital harmony.<ref name="verandah" /> The saree's colors are culturally symbolic: green is associated with fertility and growth, while yellow represents prosperity. Variants with wide borders are often offered to temples as devotional offerings. Despite evolving fashion trends, the saree continues to be valued in certain communities as part of bridal attire, contributing to the preservation of Tamil Nadu's textile heritage.<ref name="crimson2">{{cite journal |title=Threads of Tradition: Koorai Nadu Saree |url=https://crimsonpublishers.com/tteft/fulltext/TTEFT.000536.php |journal=Trends in Textile Engineering & Fashion Technology |date=10 April 2018 |volume=2 |issue=3 |pages=1–4 |publisher=Crimson Publishers |access-date=2025-04-12 |last1=Meena |first1=Chet Ram |last2=Janani |first2=T. |doi=10.31031/TTEFT.2018.02.000536 |doi-access=free }}</ref>

== Decline and revival ==
The Koorai Pattu weaving industry has faced significant challenges, with the number of weavers dropping from thousands to an estimated 20–30 by the 2020s. Some reports suggest only five weavers remain in local cooperatives. Factors contributing to the decline include lack of awareness, reduced demand, and younger generations pursuing alternative careers. Revival initiatives focus on promotional campaigns, design innovations, and cooperative support, but the craft's survival depends on broader recognition and patronage. The economic viability of the craft remains precarious due to limited market reach and competition from modern textiles.

The Koorai Pattu weaving industry has experienced a significant decline, with the number of active weavers decreasing from several thousand to an estimated 20 to 30 by the 2020s.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bharat |first=E. T. V. |date=2019-08-09 |title=காப்பாற்றப்படுமா கூறைநாடு பட்டுச்சேலை உற்பத்தி? |url=https://www.etvbharat.com/tamil/tamil-nadu/state/nagapattinam/koorai-pattu-special-story/tamil-nadu20190809161343218 |access-date=2025-05-18 |website=ETV Bharat News |language=ta}}</ref><ref name=":2" /> Some reports indicate that as few as five weavers remain within local cooperatives.<ref name=":2" /> Contributing factors include limited public awareness, declining demand, and a shift among younger generations toward alternative employment opportunities.<ref name=":2" /> Revival efforts have focused on promotional campaigns, design innovation, and cooperative-based support; however, the continued survival of the craft is considered dependent on wider recognition and sustained patronage.<ref name="deccan" /> The economic viability of Koorai Pattu weaving remains uncertain due to restricted market access and competition from mass-produced textiles.<ref name="gaatha-craft3" />

== Gallery ==

<gallery widths="200px">
File:Koorai silk saree 1.jpg|Koorai silk saree checked pattern
File:Koorai silk saree 2.jpg|Koorai silk saree
File:Koorai silk saree 3.jpg|Koorai silk saree inside design
File:Koorai silk saree 4.jpg|Koorai silk saree pattern
File:Koorai silk saree 5.jpg|Koorai silk saree
File:Koorai silk saree 6.jpg|Koorai silk saree
</gallery>

== See also ==

* [[Kanchipuram silk sari]]
* [[Sari]]
* [[Mysore silk]]
* [[Thirubuvanam Silk Sarees]]

== References ==

{{reflist}}
{{Mayiladuthurai district}}{{Mayiladuthurai Topics}}{{Sari}}
[[Category:Saris]]
[[Category:Tamil clothing]]
[[Category:Indian handicrafts]]
[[Category:Silk in India]]
[[Category:Textile industry in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Mayiladuthurai district]]
[[Category:Mayiladuthurai]]
[[Category:Indian clothing]]
[[Category:Tamil culture]]
[[Category:Culture of Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Culture of Mayiladuthurai]]
[[Category:Indian wedding clothing]]
[[Category:Handloom sarees]]

Anant Laxman Kanhere

2026-01-07T17:06:45Z

FerminDodson605: updated content for consistency for accuracy

{{short description|Indian revolutionary (1892-1910)}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2016}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{Original research|date=June 2014}}
{{more citations needed|date=June 2014}}
}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Anant Laxman Kanhere
| honorific_prefix = ''[[Martyr|Hutatma]]''
| birth_date = {{birth-date|7 January 1892}}
| image = Revolutionary, Anant Lakshman Kanhere.jpg
| caption = Anant Laxman Kanhere
| birth_place = Aayani ([[Anjani railway station|Anjani]]), [[Ratnagiri District]], [[British India]]
| death_date = {{d-da|19 April 1910|7 January 1892}}
| death_place = [[Thane]], [[British India]]
| death_cause = [[Execution by hanging]]
| known_for = [[Indian independence movement]]
}}
'''Anant Laxman Kanhere''' (7 January 1892 – 19 April 1910) was an Indian [[freedom fighter]]. On 21 December 1909, he shot [[A. M. T. Jackson|Arthur Mason Tippetts Jackson''',''']] who was the [[district collector]] of [[Nashik]] in [[British India]]. The murder was an important event in the history of [[Nashik]] and the Indian revolutionary movement in [[Maharashtra]].

==Background==
Kanhere was born on 7 January 1892 in Aayani ([[Anjani railway station|Anjani]]), a small village in [[Khed taluka, Ratnagiri|Khed Taluka]], [[Ratnagiri district]] in a Chitpavan Brahmin family. He completed his primary education in Nizamabad (which was then also called as Indur), and his English education took place in Chatrapati Sambhaji Nagar(Then Aurangabad). In 1908, Kanhere returned to Chatrapati Sambhaji Nagar where he met with members of secret revolutionary groups. Gangaram had a friend at Yewale named Tonpe. He was member of the secret society of Nashik. One Ganu Vaidya used to visit Yewala to meet his relative. Vaidya and Gangaram once went to purchase a weapon for the Nashik Secret Society. Anant acquainted with this Vaidya at Chatrapati Sambhaji Nagar(Maharashtra).<ref name="Gazetteer">{{cite web |last1=Pathak |first1=Arunchandra |title=History, British Period |url=https://cultural.maharashtra.gov.in/english/gazetteer/Nasik/005%20History/004%20BritishPeriod.htm |website=www.cultural.maharashtra.gov.in |publisher=Govt. of maharashtra |access-date=3 May 2020}}</ref> [[File:Full photo of Anant Kanhere.jpg|thumb|Full photo of Anant Kanhere]]

== Jackson assassination ==
{{Unreferenced section|date=February 2017}}
{{Main| Nasik Conspiracy}}
Jackson, a British officer, was aware of these activities. He started mixing with people, unlike other British officers, and made an image of himself as a people-friendly officer. He told people that he was a [[Vedas|Vedic]]-literate [[Brahmin]] in his previous life and that was why he felt affection towards the Indian people. He used to talk to people in [[Marathi language|Marathi]] and had knowledge of [[Sanskrit]].

Jackson was alleged to be instrumental in the arrest and prosecution of [[Babarao Savarkar]] for printing a sixteen-page book of the songs of [[Kavi Govind]], although this is not confirmed.

[[File:The two men in black coats, revolutionary Krishna Karve (sitting) and Vinayak Deshpande (standing).jpg|thumb|The two men in black coats, revolutionary Krishna Karve (sitting) and Vinayak Deshpande (standing).]]

A revolutionary group headed by [[Krishnaji Karve]] decided to eliminate Jackson in the first month of 1910 in response.<ref name="Gazetteer" /> However, by the end of 1909, Jackson was promoted to the post of Commissioner of [[Mumbai]]. Karve, [[Vinayak Deshpande]], and Kanhere decided to eliminate Jackson before his transfer. People in Nashik arranged a farewell for Jackson at Vijayanand theatre in Nashik and staged the drama [[Sangeet Sharada]] in his honour. Kanhere decided that he would kill Jackson and commit suicide by poison to avoid capture and save his other partners. The backup plan was that Deshpande was going to shoot Jackson if Kanhere's attempt failed. If both these failed, Karve was also carrying a weapon.

On 21 December 1909, after Jackson had arrived to see the play, Kanhere jumped in front of him and fired four bullets at him from [[Browning Arms Company|Browning pistol]].<ref name="Gazetteer" /> Jackson was killed immediately. One of the Indian officers, Mr. Palshikar, and former DSP Mr. Marutrao Toradmal, attacked Kanhere with their batons. Other people present caught Kanhere and he was not able to shoot himself or get the poison. A copy of paper written by Karve named "Murder for Murder" was discovered from him.<ref name="Gazetteer" />

Kanhere, now 18, admitted his part in the killing. On 29 March 1910, the Chief Justice of Bombay found him guilty. He was hanged in the Thane Prison on 19 April 1910. Along with Kanhere, Karve and Deshpande were also hanged. The other accused in the case Shankar Ramchandra Soman, [[Vaman Narayan Joshi|Waman ''alias'' Daji Narayan Joshi]] and Ganesh BalajiVaidya were given Transportation of Life (Life imprisonment) punishment and Dattatraya Pandurang Joshi was sent to two years rigorous imprisonment.<ref name="Gazetteer" /> None of the relatives of these three were present during the executions. Their bodies were burnt by the prison officers rather than being released to the families, and the remaining ash was thrown in the sea near Thane.
[[File:The three revolutionaries of Nasik, Krishna Karve, Anant Kanhere and Vinayak Deshpande.jpg|thumb|The three revolutionaries of Nasik, Krishna Karve, Anant Kanhere and Vinayak Deshpande]]

==Legacy ==

* Maharashtrains revere Anant Kanhere as a great martyr, revolutionary.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nashik: वेळ... |url=https://marathi.abplive.com/news/nashik/maharashtra-news-nashik-news-113-years-since-jackson-s-murder-at-vijayanand-theater-in-nashik-1133360/amp&ved=2ahUKEwjWi9y1wJWBAxX9UGwGHYCWC2o4FBAWegQIFBAB&usg=AOvVaw23YZZvavP6DY7AfyeYSYtA |website=[[ABP Majha]]}}</ref>
* A 2014, Marathi film ''[[1909 (film)|1909]]'' is based on Anant Kanhere, assassination of Collector Jackson. The initial premier of this film was released on 21 December 2013 on the very same day Jackson was killed at Vijyanand Theatre, Nasik. This is India's oldest theatre and also the exact location where Jackson was killed. The role of Jackson is played by Charles Thomson, an Australian now living in India and working in Bollywood films.{{citation needed|date=December 2022}}
* [[Hutatma Anant Kanhere Maidan|A major cricket ground]] in Nashik city is named in Anant Kanhere's honour, it host domestic matches of tournaments such as [[Ranji Trophy|Ranji trophy]]. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Anant Kanhere maidan Nashik |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/cricket-grounds/anant-kanhere-maidan-nasik-274830&ved=2ahUKEwi4gce0vpWBAxWCklYBHfXWADUQFnoECBcQAQ&usg=AOvVaw3gkq3DvaHh1KWd_46_Cy39 |access-date=September 6, 2023 |website=ESPN Cricinfo}}</ref>

==References==

{{Reflist}}
* Swantrya Yadnyatil Tajasvi Agnishalaka Hutatma Anant Laxman Kanhere by Davendranath N Pandya, Shree Vade Publication, Nashik
* Parakrami Yuvak Anant Kanhere was written by Prof. Dr. M B Kulkarni. Publisher: Bhartiya Itihas Sankalan Samiti, Nashik Branch
* {{cite book|title=Government of Bombay Source Material for A History of the Freedom Movement in India - Vol. II 1885-1920|date=1958|publisher=Government Central Press, India|url=https://archive.org/details/mkbook0900mkga}}
* Nashik Conspiracy case- Historical cases from Mumbai Highcourt archived documents [http://bombayhighcourt.nic.in/libweb/historicalcases/cases/Nasik_Conspiracy_Case_-1910.html] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090409230639/http://bombayhighcourt.nic.in/libweb/historicalcases/cases/Nasik_Conspiracy_Case_-1910.html |date=9 April 2009 }}
{{Indian Revolutionary Movement}}

{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Kanhere, Anant Laxman}}
[[Category:1892 births]]
[[Category:1910 deaths]]
[[Category:20th-century executions by British India]]
[[Category:Executed assassins]]
[[Category:Indian independence activists from Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Indian nationalist assassins]]
[[Category:Indian people convicted of murder]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian murderers]]
[[Category:Juvenile offenders executed by the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Male juvenile murderers]]
[[Category:Minors convicted of murder]]
[[Category:People executed by British India by hanging]]
[[Category:People from Ratnagiri district]]
[[Category:People convicted of murder by India]]
[[Category:Revolutionary movement for Indian independence]]

Aditya Narayan Purohit

2025-12-08T04:38:09Z

FerminDodson605: added new details

{{short description|Indian scientist and professor (born 1940)}}
{{More footnotes needed|date=June 2015|blp=yes}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2024}}
{{Infobox scientist
| name = Aditya Narayan Purohit
| image = Prof. A.N. Purohit.JPG
| caption = Purohit addressing research community
| title = Professor
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1940|07|30|df=y}}
| birth_place = Kimni, [[Tharali]], Chamoli, Uttarakhand, India
| field = Ecophysiology of tree species and Physiology of high altitude medicinal plants
| work_institution =
| doctoral_advisor =
| doctoral_students =
| prizes = [[Padma Shri]]
| footnotes =
}}

'''Aditya Narayan Purohit''' (born 30 July 1940) is an Indian scientist and professor who has mainly worked on [[ecophysiology]] of tree species and physiology of high altitude medicinal plants. He was the Vice-Chancellor of [[Hemwati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal University]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ucost.in/works/nasi.html |title=NASI UK |work=Ucost.in |access-date=26 June 2015}}</ref> and director of the university's High Altitude Plant Physiology Research Center.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://hnbgu.ac.in/forms/departments.aspx?lid=259 |title=Schools – Hemvati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal University |work=Hnbgu.ac.in |access-date=26 June 2015}}</ref> He was also the Director of [[G.B. Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment|Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Himalayan Environment and Development]] from 1990 to 1995.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://gbpihed.gov.in/StaffDatabase/StaffDatabase.htm |title=GBPIHED :: Faculty & Supporting Staff |work=Gbpihed.gov.in |access-date=26 June 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150629135745/http://gbpihed.gov.in/StaffDatabase/StaffDatabase.htm |archive-date=29 June 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Purohit was awarded [[Padma Shri]], the fourth highest civilian award of India, by the President of India in 1997 for his valuable scientific contribution in Indian mountains.<ref>{{cite web|title=Padma Awards Directory (1954–2013) |publisher=[[Ministry of Home Affairs (India)|Ministry of Home Affairs]], Government of India |url=http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151015193758/http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf |archive-date=15 October 2015 |url-status=dead}} ()</ref>

==Personal life==
Purohit was born in Kimni, [[Chamoli]] district, [[Uttarakhand]], India.<ref name="adityapurohit.com">{{cite web |url=http://adityapurohit.com/ |title=Prof |work=Adityapurohit.com |access-date=26 June 2015}}</ref>
He had his early education in Tharali and Rudraprayag in [[Chamoli]] district, Lansdowne in [[Pauri]] district, [[Nainital]] and research studies in [[Panjab University Chandigarh]].

He worked at [[Forest Research Institute (India)|Forest Research Institute]] Dehradun, [[Panjab University, Chandigarh|Panjab University Chandigarh]], [[Central Potato Research Institute]], Shimla, the [[University of British Columbia]] and [[North Eastern Hill University]], Shillong before joining [[Hemwati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal University|H.N.B. Garhwal University]] in 1977.
He has travelled all over the world to deliver lecturers and seminars in various conferences. He is married to Malti Purohit; they have a daughter and a son.

After joining HNB Garhwal University, Purohit initiated work on high-altitude plants. He established an institute with its alpine field station at 13000-ft elevation at [[Tungnath]], which is the ''first Alpine Center in India''. The work conducted at this centre has revealed that ''high altitude species are less sensitive than the low altitude species to the environmental stresses''. The germination studies of alpine plants made by Purohit and his associates have helped in germinating many endangered species and establishing them in nature in the alpine field station at Tungnath. He and his associates have come up with the cultivation technology for Aconites, alpine and sub-alpine plants of very high medicinal value, where yield is increased 10 to 12 fold. He has made valuable scientific contribution on mountain plants and the mountain ecosystem. After retiring from [[Hemwati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal University|H.N.B. Garhwal University]] in 2002, he was offered the special chair by Government of Uttarakhand to advice on conservation, development and cultivation of medicinal and aromatic plants in the State. He has established a Centre for Aromatic Plants for the State.<ref name="adityapurohit.com" />

==Books edited==
* Views on Physiology of Flowering,<ref>Gurumurti, K., Purohit, A. N., Nanda, K. K. (1978). Views on physiology of flowering: Professor K. K. Nanda commemoration volume. Dehra Dun: Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh.</ref> 1978 (with R. Gurumurti)
* Conservation and Management of Biological Resources in Himalaya, 1996<ref>{{cite book|author=P. S. Ramakrishnan|title=Conservation and Management of Biological Resources in Himalaya|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UyVFAQAAIAAJ|year=1997|publisher=Science Publishers|isbn=978-1-886106-88-8}}</ref> (with P.S. Ramakrishnan, K.G. Saxena, K.S. Rao and R.K. Maikhuri)
* Harvesting the Herbs -2000, 1997 (with A.R. Nautiyal and M.C. Nautiyal)

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==

{{1900s Padma Shri Award Recipients in Science & Engineering}}
{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Purohit, Aditya Narayan}}
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in science & engineering]]
[[Category:Fellows of the Indian National Science Academy]]
[[Category:Garhwali people]]
[[Category:People from Chamoli district]]
[[Category:Indian ecologists]]
[[Category:Plant physiologists]]
[[Category:1940 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Scientists from Dehradun]]
[[Category:Fellows of the National Academy of Sciences, India]]
[[Category:Fellows of the National Academy of Agricultural Sciences]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian botanists]]
[[Category:Himalayan studies]]
[[Category:Om Prakash Bhasin Award recipients]]

Chhotolok

2025-11-10T01:31:38Z

FerminDodson605: Put up new stub!

{{Short description|Indian Bengali-language web series}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2023}}
{{Infobox television
| image = Chhotolok Poster.jpg
| caption = Chhotolok Poster
| genre = Suspense Thriller
| creator = Indranil Roychowdhury
| inspired_by =
| writer =
| screenplay = Sugata Sinha, Indranil Roychowdhury
| director = Indranil Roychowdhury
| producer = Patralika Mukherjee, Soumya Mukhopadhyay, Anasua Roychoudhury
| starring = [[Indrani Haldar]] Daminee Benny Basu [[Gaurav Chakrabarty]] [[Priyanka Sarkar]] [[Ushasie Chakraborty]] [[Ushasi Ray]]
| music = Gaurab Gaboo Chatterjee
| country = India
| language = Bengali
| num_episodes = 9
| executive_producer = Samar Ray
| editor = Amit Ray
| company =
| network = [[ZEE5]]
| first_aired = {{Start date|2023|11|03|df=yes}}
| last_aired =
}}

'''Chhotolok''' is [[Bengali Language|Bengali]] [[Crime film|crime]] [[Thriller (genre)|thriller]] [[Drama (film and television)|drama]] web series starring [[Indrani Haldar]], Daminee Benny Basu, [[Gaurav Chakrabarty]], [[Priyanka Sarkar]], [[Ushashi Ray]], Pratik Dutta and [[Ushasie Chakraborty]]. It was created and directed by Indranil Roychowdhury. It is also the director's first web series.<ref>{{Cite news | title= Web series 'Chhotolok' to stream soon |url= https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/bengali/web-series-chhotolok-to-stream-soon/articleshow/104035860.cms |access-date=25 October 2023|website=The Times Of India |date= 29 September 2023 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web | title= Actor Ushasi Ray talks about her role in the web series Chhotolok |url= https://www.indulgexpress.com/entertainment/tv/2023/nov/02/actor-ushasi-ray-talks-about-her-role-in-the-web-series-chhotolok-54733.html |access-date=5 November 2023|website=IndulgeExpress |date= 2 November 2023 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web | title= Director Indranil Roychowdhury opens up about his web series debut Chhotolok |url= https://www.indulgexpress.com/entertainment/tv/2023/oct/26/director-indranil-roychowdhury-opens-up-about-his-web-series-debut-chhotolok-54503.html |access-date=5 November 2023|website=IndulgeExpress |date= 26 October 2023 |language=en}}</ref>

== Plot ==
Desperate to come out of a failing marriage, a married man gets into a whirlwind affair with a glamorous woman who has a criminal past, but ends up as the prime accused when she is murdered. The case falls into a timid but determined cop who unearths a deep buried scandal about the man's family involving his politically affiliated mother.

== Cast ==
*[[Indrani Haldar]]<ref>{{Cite web | title= Chhotolok trailer: Priyanka Sarkar, Ushasi Ray, Gaurav Chakraborty shine in Indranil Roychowdhury's show |url= https://www.ottplay.com/news/chhotolok-trailer-priyanka-sarkar-ushasi-ray-gaurav-chakraborty-shine-in-indranil-roychowdhurys-show/32bca368a3828|access-date=25 October 2023|website=ottplay.com |language=en}}</ref> as Mohor Bhattacharya: A political leader.
*Damini Benny Basu as Sabitri Mondol: Sub-Inspector of Gajipur Police Station; Investigator of the murder case of Rupsha Ghosh.
*[[Gaurav Chakrabarty]] as Raja Bhattacharya: An engineer; Mohor's son; Mallika's husband.
*[[Priyanka Sarkar]] as Mallika Das: An accountant; Raja's wife.
*[[Ushasi Ray]]<ref>{{Cite news | title= Ushasi Ray to entertain the viewers in a new web series |url= https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/bengali/ushasi-ray-to-entertain-the-viewers-in-a-new-web-series/articleshow/100870546.cms|access-date=25 October 2023|newspaper=The Times of India |date= 9 June 2023|language=en}}</ref> as Rupsha Ghosh: Model cum actor; Mallika's ex colleague.
*[[Ushasie Chakraborty]]<ref>{{Cite web | title= Exclusive! Ushasie Chakraborty: Lobbying and PR are more important qualities than the acting ability to bag a role in Tollywood |url= https://www.ottplay.com/interview/exclusive-ushasie-chakraborty-lobbying-and-pr-are-more-important-qualities-than-the-acting-ability-to-bag-a-role-in-tollywood/e6206db9b7854|access-date=25 October 2023|website=ottplay.com |language=en}}</ref> as Kasturi Guha: A chartered accountant, who rules many "big fishes".
*[[Debesh Chattopadhyay]] as Tanmay Bagchi: A political leader, MLA; Mohor Bhattacharya's rival.
*Loknath Dey as Farooq.
*[[Joydip Mukherjee]] as Aditya Bhattacharya: Mohor's husband; Raja's father.
*Sumeet Samaddar as Madhusudan: Mohor's younger brother.
*Jeet Sundar Chakrabarty as Basudev Das aka Basu.
*Pratik Dutta as Jamil Sheikh: Junior of Sabitri.
*Tapasya Dasgupta as Pushpo: Putul and Basu's mother.
*Suvrajit Dutta as Rudra Mondal: A medicine shop keeper; Sabitri's husband.
*

== Episodes ==
{{series overview

| color1 = #804848
| link1 = Chhotolok #Season 1 (2023)
| episodes1 = 9
| start1 = {{Start date|2023|11|03|df=yes}}
| end1 = {{N/A|TBA}}
}}

=== Season 1 (2023) ===
{{Episode table |background=#804848 |overall= |title= |director= |writer= |airdate= |airdateR= |country= |aux4= |aux4T= Length (Minutes) |episodes=
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 1
|Title = A Respectable Residential Complex
|DirectedBy = Indranil Roychowdhury
|WrittenBy = Sugata Sinha, Indranil Roychowdhury
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|11|03|df=yes}}
|Aux4 = 30 Minutes
|ShortSummary = A young woman is found dead in her apartment. Sub Inspector Sabitri Mondal and ASI Jamil Sheikh from the Gazitala Police Station are assigned to the case.
|LineColor = 000
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 2
|Title = An Open And Shut Case
|DirectedBy = Indranil Roychowdhury
|WrittenBy = Sugata Sinha, Indranil Roychowdhury
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|11|03|df=yes}}
|Aux4 = 30 Minutes
|ShortSummary = The police arrest the victim's secret lover, but he denies committing the crime. Is he telling the truth?
|LineColor = 000
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 3
|Title = The Little Mercies of an Antacid
|DirectedBy = Indranil Roychowdhury
|WrittenBy = Sugata Sinha, Indranil Roychowdhury
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|11|03|df=yes}}
|Aux4 = 30 Minutes
|ShortSummary = The interrogation continues as the police dive deep into Raja Bhattacharya's past. They find more details about his family and a brief affair with Rupsa.
|LineColor = 000
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 4
|Title = Darling, Come to Me
|DirectedBy = Indranil Roychowdhury
|WrittenBy = Sugata Sinha, Indranil Roychowdhury
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|11|03|df=yes}}
|Aux4 = 30 Minutes
|ShortSummary = The police start interrogating Mallika and find out about Rupsa's double life. An unnatural death from Mohor's past resurfaces.
|LineColor = 000
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 5
|Title = Patiala to Patuli
|DirectedBy = Indranil Roychowdhury
|WrittenBy = Sugata Sinha, Indranil Roychowdhury
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|11|03|df=yes}}
|Aux4 = 30 Minutes
|ShortSummary = Rupsa's murder case goes to court. Raja's married life comes to the forefront. Police start investigating the stories and plots surrounding the murder.
|LineColor = 000
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 6
|Title = City of Dogs
|DirectedBy = Indranil Roychowdhury
|WrittenBy = Sugata Sinha, Indranil Roychowdhury
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|11|03|df=yes}}
|Aux4 = 30 Minutes
|ShortSummary = An unexpected meeting of two old acquaintances reveals further details about the Bhattacharya family's murky past.
|LineColor = 000
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 7
|Title = A Big Fish
|DirectedBy = Indranil Roychowdhury
|WrittenBy = Sugata Sinha, Indranil Roychowdhury
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|11|03|df=yes}}
|Aux4 = 30 Minutes
|ShortSummary = Madhu gets a reality check, and more skeletons from the past tumble out. The investigation leads the police to an influential person.
|LineColor = 000
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 8
|Title = An Undelivered Package
|DirectedBy = Indranil Roychowdhury
|WrittenBy = Sugata Sinha, Indranil Roychowdhury
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|11|03|df=yes}}
|Aux4 = 30 Minutes
|ShortSummary = Sub Inspector Sabitri Mondal is about to take a chance that could potentially end her career. What will her next step be?
|LineColor = 000
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 9
|Title = Egg Mutton Roll
|DirectedBy = Indranil Roychowdhury
|WrittenBy = Sugata Sinha, Indranil Roychowdhury
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|11|03|df=yes}}
|Aux4 = 30 Minutes
|ShortSummary = Familiar faces emerge in unfamiliar territories as Sabitri wraps up the case. But is the case really solved?
|LineColor = 000
}}
}}

== Production ==
Director Indranil Roychowdhury started shooting for the show in October 2022 after a year of scripting and workshops with his actors.<ref>{{Cite web | title= Indranil Roychowdhury on Chhotolok: I want to make a pure Bengali thriller without any influence of Hollywood, Nordic or Korean style |url= https://www.ottplay.com/news/indranil-roychowdhury-on-chhotolok-i-want-to-make-a-pure-bengali-thriller-without-any-influence-of-hollywood-nordic-or-korean-style/3e318ac015940 |access-date=25 October 2023|website=ottplay.com |language=en}}</ref>

== Marketing ==
The show was officially announced by ZEE5 on December 11, 2022.<ref>{{Citation|title= ZEE5 announces new Bengali shows with popular directors and actors|url= https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/zee5-announces-new-bengali-shows-with-popular-directors-and-actors/cid/1903667 |access-date=25 October 2023 |website= The Telegraph (India) |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|title= ZEE5 to strengthen regional play with original content slate in Bengali|url= https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/info-tech/zee5-to-strengthen-regional-play-with-original-content-slate-in-bengali/article66251590.ece |access-date=25 October 2023 |website= TheHinduBusinessline.com |date= 11 December 2022 |language=en}}</ref> Following that, a teaser poster of the show was first revealed on Jun 8, 2023.<ref>{{Cite web | title= Chotolok Poster Out: ওটিটিতে এবার স্ক্রিনশেয়ার শ্রীময়ী-জুন আন্টির, মুক্তি পেল নতুন সিরিজের মোশন পোস্টার |url= https://www.etvbharat.com/bengali/west-bengal/entertainment/movie/indrani-halder-and-ushasi-chakrabortys-web-series-new-poster-out/wb20230608213840940940357 |access-date=25 October 2023|website=etvbharat.com |date= 8 June 2023 |language=bn}}</ref> The trailer of the show was launched on October 12, 2023.<ref>{{Cite web | title= Zee 5 Series Chhotolok Trailer: গোয়েন্দা গিন্নির পর রাজনীতির ময়দানে ইন্দ্রানী, রহস্য-যৌনতায় ঠাসা 'ছোটলোক'-র ট্রেলার |url= https://eisamay.com/entertainment/tv-news/zee-5-originals-upcoming-web-series-chhotolok-will-be-streaming-from-3-november-trailer-out-now/articleshow/104359570.cms |access-date=25 October 2023|website=eisamay.com |date= 12 October 2023 |language=bn}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news | title= 'Chhotolok' trailer: Indranil Roychowdhury's thriller promises a riveting murder mystery |url= https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/chhotolok-trailer-indranil-roychowdhurys-thriller-promises-a-riveting-murder-mystery/articleshow/104389903.cms?from=mdr|access-date=25 October 2023|newspaper=The Times of India | date=13 October 2023 |language=en}}</ref>

== Reception ==
The show drew positive reactions across board from critics. [[The Indian Express]] call it "Bengal's best web series" rating it 4 out of 5.<ref>{{Cite web | title= Caste, class and a special brand of sexism: Chhotolok, Bengal's best web series is defiantly feminist|url= https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/caste-class-and-a-special-brand-of-sexism-chhotolok-bengals-best-web-series-is-defiantly-feminist-9011862/|access-date=5 November 2023|website=IndianExpress.com |date= 3 November 2023|language=en}}</ref> [[OTTPlay]] commented, "Chhotolok is one of the finest Bengali content available in India in the OTT space."<ref>{{Cite web | title= Chhotolok review: Daminee Basu shines bright in Indranil Roy Chowdhury's unputdownable cop drama
|url= https://www.ottplay.com/review/chhotolok-review-daminee-basu-shines-bright-in-indranil-roy-chowdhurys-unputdownable-cop-drama/628bec8cb832|access-date=5 November 2023|website=OTTplay.com |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==

<references/>

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|id=tt29458434 }}
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kDSto24CaVI ''Chhotolok Trailer''] on [[YouTube]]
* [https://www.zee5.com/web-series/details/chhotolok/0-6-4z5379682 ''Chhotolok''] on [[ZEE5]]

[[Category:Indian web series]]
[[Category:Thriller web series]]
[[Category:2023 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:ZEE5 original programming]]
[[Category:Indian thriller television series]]
[[Category:Indian crime television series]]

People's Democratic Alliance (Nagaland)

2025-10-29T15:49:53Z

FerminDodson605:

{{short description|Governing coalition in Nagaland}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2023}}
{{use Indian English|date=October 2021}}
{{Infobox Indian political party
| party_name = People's Democratic Alliance
| native_name =
| abbreviation = PDA
| logo =
| founder =
| colorcode = green
| incumbent =
| formerpm =
|leader = [[Neiphiu Rio]]
| loksabha_leader =
| rajyasabha_leader =
| national_convener =
| foundation = 18 September 2021
| ideology = [[Big Tent]]
| position = [[Big tent]]
|state_seats_name = [[Nagaland Legislative Assembly]]
|state_seats = {{Composition bar|60|60|hex=green}}
| alliance =
* [[Naga People's Front|NPF]]
* [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
* ''other minor parties''
| predecessor = [[Democratic Alliance of Nagaland]]
}}

The '''People's Democratic Alliance''' (formerly '''United Democratic Alliance''') is a state-level [[political alliance]] in the Indian state of [[Nagaland]].

==Background==
In the run-up to the [[2018 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]], the ruling [[Naga People's Front]] split over whether to continue its coalition with the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]. A rebel group led by former chief minister [[Neiphiu Rio]] created the [[Nationalist Democratic Progressive Party]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.firstpost.com/politics/former-nagaland-cm-neiphiu-rio-says-he-quit-npf-after-party-severed-ties-with-bjp-will-join-newly-floated-ndpp-4309805.html|title=Former Nagaland CM Neiphiu Rio says he quit NPF after party severed ties with BJP, will join newly-floated NDPP |date=19 January 2018|website=Firstpost}}</ref> and the NDPP and BJP contested the election in alliance.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/nagaland-assembly-polls-bjp-to-join-hands-with-ndpp/articleshow/62584623.cms|title=nagaland: Nagaland Assembly polls: BJP to join hands with NDPP | India News – Times of India|website=The Times of India}}</ref> They won the election, and formed a coalition government under Rio, with the NPF serving as the opposition. The government was called the People's Democratic Alliance.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://indianexpress.com/article/north-east-india/nagaland/nagaland-neiphiu-rio-takes-cm-oath-cabinet-moves-to-rename-indira-stadium-5091437/ | title=Nagaland: Neiphiu Rio takes CM oath, cabinet moves to rename Indira stadium | date=9 March 2018 | newspaper=The Indian Express | first=Dipankar | last=Ghose | accessdate=1 October 2021 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/know-all-about-incumbent-neiphiu-rio-the-new-chief-minister-of-nagaland-1821287 | title=All About Neiphiu Rio, Nagaland's Chief Minister For Fourth Term | date=8 March 2018 | publisher=NDTV | accessdate=1 October 2021 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/pti-feed/story/senior-politician-neiphiu-rio-back-as-nagaland-cm-1185069-2018-03-08|title=Senior politician Neiphiu Rio back as Nagaland CM|agency=P. T. I. |date=8 March 2018 |magazine=India Today}}</ref>

In the [[2023 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]], the ruling [[Nationalist Democratic Progressive Party]] and [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] alliance secured a comfortable majority and [[Neiphiu Rio]] was re-elected as chief minister. Later, all parties joined the government, making Nagaland oppositionless state. Later in 2025, the NDPP merged with NPF.

==Formation==
On 22 July 2021, the NPF announced its intention to join the state government,<ref>{{cite news| url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kohima/nagaland-set-for-opposition-less-all-party-govt/articleshow/84626963.cms | title=Nagaland set for opposition-less all-party govt | date=22 July 2021 | newspaper=The Times of India | accessdate=1 October 2021 }}</ref> which was ratified by the PDA on 11 August, resulting in the formation of an all-party government. The NPF cited a shared need to resolve the "Naga political issue" and the ongoing negotiations with the [[National Socialist Council of Nagalim]] and other separatist groups as the reason for its decision.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/naga-peoples-front-joins-government-nagaland-becomes-opposition-less/articleshow/85391120.cms | title=Naga People's Front joins government, Nagaland becomes opposition less | date=11 August 2021 | newspaper=The Economic Times | first=Bikash | last=Singh | accessdate=1 October 2021 }}</ref> The new government was initially called the '''Nagaland Unity Government''', but Rio later announced that its name would be the United Democratic Alliance.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://easternmirrornagaland.com/opposition-less-government-in-nagaland-to-be-called-united-democratic-alliance/ | title=Opposition-less government in Nagaland to be called United Democratic Alliance | date=18 September 2021 | newspaper=Eastern Mirror | first=Reyivolü | last=Rhakho | accessdate=1 October 2021 }}</ref> Several news outlets dubbed the new government "Opposition-less",<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.eastmojo.com/news/2021/09/18/utd-democratic-alliance-opposition-less-govt-a-reality-in-nagaland/ | title=Utd Democratic Alliance: Opposition-less govt a reality in Nagaland | date=18 September 2021 | newspaper=EastMojo | first=Medolenuo | last=Ambrocia | accessdate=1 October 2021 }}</ref> as all seats in the [[Nagaland Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]] are held by constituent parties. The formation of such a government was criticised by some, with The Naga Rising calling it "a fraud on the people" and noting that there was already an all-party committee on resolving the Naga issue.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.nagalandpost.com/opposition-less-govt-would-be-a-fraud-on-people-says-tnr/239710.html | title=Opposition-less govt would be a fraud on people, says TNR | date=5 September 2021 | newspaper=Nagaland Post | accessdate=1 October 2021 }}</ref> The Kohima District [[Indian National Congress|Congress]] Committee expressed similar views.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://easternmirrornagaland.com/kdcc-ridicules-opposition-less-government/ | title=KDCC ridicules opposition-less government | date=8 September 2021 | newspaper=Eastern Mirror | accessdate=1 October 2021 }}</ref>

==See also==
*[[National unity government]]
*[[National Democratic Alliance]]
*[[North-East Democratic Alliance]]
*[[Fifth Neiphiu Rio ministry]]
*[[51st New Brunswick Legislature]], another Commonwealth legislature with a one-party composition

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Political parties established in 2021]]
[[Category:Government of Nagaland]]

BBC Gujarati

2025-10-13T00:18:16Z

FerminDodson605: minor cleanup

{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
{{Infobox broadcasting network
| name = BBC Gujarati {{nobold|બીબીસી ગુજરાતી}}
| logo =
| country = United Kingdom
| network_type = [[website]]
| available = International
| owner = [[BBC]]
| endowment = [[Foreign and Commonwealth Office]], UK
| key_people =
| language = [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]]
| launch_date = 2 October 2017
| website = {{URL|http://www.bbc.com/gujarati/}}
}}
'''BBC Gujarati''' ({{langx|gu|બીબીસી ગુજરાતી}}) is an international news service by [[BBC]] in the [[Gujarati language]]. It was launched on 2 October 2017.<ref name="bestmediainfo">{{cite web|url=http://bestmediainfo.com/2017/10/bbc-expands-news-services-in-four-more-languages/|website=bestmediainfo.com|title=BBC expands news services in four more languages |accessdate=2017-10-07}}</ref> The service is being operated on websites and social networking sites. The launch is part of the World Service's biggest expansion since the 1940s, following a government funding boost announced in 2016.<ref name="bbc.com">{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-41360801|title=BBC launches new Indian services|author=|date=2 October 2017|publisher=|via=www.bbc.com}}</ref><ref name="indiablooms">{{cite web|url=https://www.indiablooms.com/ibns_new/finance-details/7914/bbc-news-launches-news-service-in-four-indian-languages-as-part-of-expansion-plan.html|title=BBC News launches news service in four Indian languages as part of expansion plan|website=Indiablooms|accessdate=2017-10-07}}{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

According to the official website of the BBC, Gujarati is spoken by 50 million people, and hence it is the 26th most used language in the world.<ref name="bbc.com"/><ref name="verdict">{{cite web|url=https://www.verdict.co.uk/bbc-world-service-india/|website=verdict.co.uk|title=BBC World Service is going to be broadcast in four more Indian languages |date=2 October 2017 |accessdate=2017-10-07}}</ref>

== See also ==
{{Portal|BBC}}
*[[BBC World Service]]
*[[BBC Punjabi]]
*[[BBC Urdu]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [http://www.bbc.com/gujarati BBC Gujarati]

[[Category:British Indian mass media]]
[[Category:British Pakistani mass media]]
[[Category:Gujarati-language mass media]]
[[Category:BBC World Service foreign language stations]]
[[Category:Radio stations established in 2017]]

Mandawar, Uttar Pradesh

2025-09-25T12:19:38Z

FerminDodson605: created the info needs work

{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2016}}

{{Infobox settlement
| name = Mandawar
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Urban
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Uttar Pradesh
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Uttar Pradesh, India
| coordinates = {{coord|29.486|N|78.126|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Bijnor district|Bijnor]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 223
| population_total = 21078
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 246721
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = 01342
| registration_plate = UP-20
| website =
| footnotes =
}}
'''Mandawar''' is a town and a [[nagar panchayat]] city in [[Bijnor district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Uttar Pradesh]]. It is a green area near the [[Ganges river|Ganges]]. Most residents are farmers. The area was known for rose cultivation in the past but in recent decades farmers have switched to sugar cane production because of government incentives. There are also a lot of mango orchards around Mandawar. People engage in cultivation and harvest of mangoes during the summer months.

==Demographics==
{{As of|2011}} India [[census]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archivedate=2004-06-16|title= Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)|accessdate=2008-11-01|publisher= Census Commission of India}}</ref> Mandawar had a population of 21,078 of which 11,119 are males and 9,959 females. Mandawar has an average literacy rate of 61.22%, lower than the state average of 67.68%: male literacy is 65.62%, and female literacy is 56.38%. Children age 0-6 make up 3,020, 14.33 % of the total. The female sex ratio is 896, compared to the state average of 912. The child sex ratio is around 826, compared to the Uttar Pradesh state average of 902.

== Governance ==
Mandawar Nagar Panchayat hosts over 3,486 houses. It is authorized to build roads in the panchayat and impose taxes on properties in its jurisdiction.

==Education==
{{Unreferenced section|date=September 2019}}
St. Paul's High School was established in 1992 by the Education Society of the Catholic Diocese of Bijnor.A Hindi medium high school, enrolling 1500 students from the town and nearby villages. It used to be a leading institution of the town but it's prestige has been gradually taken over by other English medium school. The school continues to be popular among people of low income group who can't afford send their children to high fees demanding English medium schools.
https://www.stpaulsmandawar.com/

Mahatama Gandhi Inter College is the largest and oldest inter college in the town. It was established around 1957 by [[Pandit Keshav Sharan Sharma]]. Most of the children of the villages around Mandawar enroll there. Most of the time there was no fee for students in early period.{{Citation needed|date=September 2025}}

Adarsh Vidya Niketan Shahabazpur was established around 1980. Located in Kelawala (the four-way intersection where the roads to the villages Shahabazpur and Mohandiya meet), 1 km from Mandawar, it became an inter college about 2003 through the work of Surendra Vishnoi and Mahashay Natthu Singh, who was the founding principal and manager. A number of students study there too.

Adarsh Vidya Niketan (junior) school is located in Kelawala (Sahabazpur) along with the senior school which is managed by Sanjeev Kumar.

Shining Star Public High School was established in 1987. It provides education till middle school.

Modern Era Public School is located in Chandok Mandawar road. An English Medium school, It has slowly turned out to be the most popular school in the town specially people of middle income and high income groups.It was established in 2009. https://modernerapublicschoolmandawar.com

Prakash Public School on dayalwala road is another popular institution for English Medium Education.https://ppsmandawar.com/

Prema Satyaveera Girls Inter College is available for girls only.
It is a private institution that provides high school and senior secondary school education.

The nearest degree college, Mandawar Degree College sits on Mandawar Chandok road. It is established recently and provides a vast number of degrees such as BA, Bsc etc. It is becoming widely popular due to the proximity and the ease of transportation that comes with it.
https://www.shiksha.com/college/mandawar-degree-college-uttar-pradesh-other-112573

Many schools offer primary education. They are generally run on a small scales by families who employ graduates and sometimes even senior secondary school passed individuals as teachers.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Bijnor district}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Bijnor district]]

Urvashi

2025-08-31T20:16:48Z

FerminDodson605:

{{short description|Apsara in Hinduism}}
{{other uses}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2016}}
{{Infobox deity
| Devanagari = उर्वशी
| image = File:Urvashi.jpg
| alt = Urvashi
| caption = Urvashi leaving her husband Pururavas, a chromolithograph by [[Raja Ravi Varma]]
| abode = [[Svarga]]
| children = {{bulleted list|[[Ayus]], Dhimat, Amavasu and Dhridhayus, Vanayus and Satayus (from Pururavas){{efn|Alternative listing of the names—Ayus, Shrutayus, Satyayus, Raya, Vijaya and Jaya}}|
[[Vasishtha]] and [[Agastya]] (from [[Mitra (Hindu god)|Mitra]]-[[Varuna]])}}
| type = Hindu
| gender = Female
| affiliation = [[Apsara]]
| spouse = [[Pururavas]]
| dynasty =
}}
'''Urvashi''' ({{langx|sa|उर्वशी}}, {{IAST3|Urvaśī|}}) is the most prominent [[apsara]] mentioned in the [[Hindu scriptures]] like the ''[[Vedas]]'', the [[Hindu epics|epics]] ''[[Ramayana]]'' and ''[[Mahabharata]]'', as well as the ''[[Puranas]]''. She is regarded as the most beautiful of all the apsaras, and an expert dancer.

Urvashi has been featured in many [[Hindu mythology|mythological events]]. She emerged out of the thigh of sage [[Nara-Narayana|Narayana]] and occupies a special place in the court of [[Indra]], the king of the gods and ruler of [[svarga]]. She is famous for her marriage with [[Pururavas]], the first king of the legendary ''[[Chandravamsha|Chandravansha]]'', whom she later abandoned. She also plays a significant part in the birth of [[Vashishtha]] and [[Agastya]], two of the most revered [[sages]] in Hinduism. Urvashi's story has been an inspiration for various arts, performances and literature. The poet [[Kalidasa]] (fl. 4th -5th century CE) has adapted Urvashi and Pururavas as the main characters in his play [[Vikramorvashiyam]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Eck |first=Diana L. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rNlJOSf__xYC&dq=urvashi+most+beautiful&pg=PA337 |title=India: A Sacred Geography |date=2012-03-27 |publisher=Harmony/Rodale |isbn=978-0-385-53191-7 |pages=337 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Gupta |first=Shakti M. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6AMRAQAAIAAJ&q=urvashi+most+beautiful+apsara |title=Indian Mythology: Myths and Legends |date=2002 |publisher=B.R. Publishing Corporation |isbn=978-81-7646-276-1 |pages=133 |language=en}}</ref>

==Etymology==
The [[Sanskrit]] name ''"Urvaśī"'' is derived from roots{{mdash}}''uru'' and ''aś''. It can have multiple meanings.<ref name = "M" /> Indologist [[Monier Monier-Williams]] states that the name means 'widely pervasive' and he suggests that in its first appearances in Vedic texts Urvashi was a personification of dawn.<ref name = "M" >{{Cite book|last1=Monier-Williams|first1=Sir Monier|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zUezTfym7CAC&q=dawn+urvasi|title=A Sanskrit-English Dictionary: Etymologically and Philologically Arranged with Special Reference to Cognate Indo-European Languages|last2=Leumann|first2=Ernst|last3=Cappeller|first3=Carl|date=1899|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass Publishing House|pages=218, 637 |isbn=978-81-208-3105-6|language=en}}</ref> According to the scripture ''[[Devi Bhagavata Purana]]'', the apsara is known as Urvashi because she is born from the ''uru''—'thigh'—of the divine-sage [[Nara Narayana|Narayana]].<ref name="Lavanya">{{cite book |doi=10.1007/978-3-030-73165-6_12 |chapter=Urvashi: Celestial Women and Earthly Heroes |title=Feminine Journeys of the Mahabharata |year=2021 |last1=Vemsani |first1=Lavanya |pages=229–241 |isbn=978-3-030-73164-9 |s2cid=236730753 }}</ref> Some scholars believe that the name has a non-Aryan origin.<ref name="Devdasi">{{Cite book|last=Jamanadas|first=K.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-GYwAAAAYAAJ&q=urvashi+uru+thigh+heart|title=Devadasis: Ancient to Modern|date=2007|publisher=Kalpaz Publications|isbn=978-81-7835-547-4|language=en}}</ref>

==Literary background==
Urvashi is the apsara to be specially named in the ''[[Rigveda]]'', the oldest known Hindu scripture which was composed around 1900–1200 BCE. The 95th ''[[Sukta]]'' (section) of the 10th ''[[Mandala]]'' of the ''Rigveda'' is dedicated to a conversation between her and her husband, [[Pururavas]].<ref name="AW">{{Cite book|last=Varadpande|first=Manohar Laxman|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IsE5KAja3jAC&q=Urvashi|title=Woman in Indian Sculpture|date=2006|publisher=Abhinav Publications|isbn=978-81-7017-474-5|language=en}}</ref><ref name = "Gaur" >{{cite journal |last1=Gaur |first1=R. C. |title=The Legend of Purūravas and Urvaśī: An Interpretation |journal=Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland |date=1974 |volume=106 |issue=2 |pages=142–152 |doi=10.1017/S0035869X00131983 |jstor=25203565 |s2cid=162234818 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Pattanaik |first1=Devdutt |title=Three Vedic women |url=https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/others/sunday-read/three-vedic-women/articleshow/67606150.cms |work=Mumbai Mirror |date=20 January 2019 }}</ref> Urvashi remains a prominent figure in later texts. Her myth is retold and expanded in many later [[Hindu scriptures]], like the ''[[Shatapatha Brahmana]]'', ''[[Brihaddevata]]'', ''[[Mahabharata]]'', ''[[Ramayana]]'', ''[[Harivamsa]]'', ''[[Vayu Purana]]'', ''[[Vishnu Purana]]'', ''[[Matsya Purana]]'', ''[[Bhagavata Purana]]'', ''[[Devi-Bhagavata Purana]]'', ''[[Padma Purana]]'' and ''[[Skanda Purana]]''.<ref name = "Gaur" /><ref name = "Lavanya" /><ref name="UP">{{cite journal |last1=Kantawala |first1=S. G. |title=Purūravas-Urvaśī Episode: A Study in Vedico-Purāṇic Correlates |journal=Annals of the Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute |date=1976 |volume=57 |issue=1/4 |pages=49–58 |jstor=41692233 }}</ref><ref name="P">{{Cite book |last=Doniger |first=Wendy |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KI5D5aexThoC&dq=Urvasi+Pur%C5%ABravas&pg=PA8 |title=Purana Perennis: Reciprocity and Transformation in Hindu and Jaina Texts |date=1993-02-23 |publisher=SUNY Press |isbn=978-0-7914-1382-1 |language=en}}</ref>

Urvashi has been dramatized and adapted by many poets and authors. Among these, the most popular one is the play ''[[Vikramorvashiyam]]'' by the [[Sanskrit poet]] [[Kalidasa]], who probably lived in 4th - 5th century [[Gupta Period]]. The drama depicts the love of Urvashi and Pururavas, but the plot is very different from that told in the scriptures.<ref name = "UP" /><ref name = "Gaur" /> Indian poet [[Rabindranath Tagore]] (1861–1941) has also written a poem about Urvashi.<ref name="Dalal">{{Cite book|last=Dalal|first=Roshen|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DH0vmD8ghdMC&q=urvashi&pg=PA433|title=Hinduism: An Alphabetical Guide|date=2010|publisher=Penguin Books India|isbn=978-0-14-341421-6|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=George|first=K. M.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=m1R2Pa3f7r0C&q=urvashi&pg=PA481|title=Modern Indian Literature, an Anthology: Surveys and poems|date=1992|publisher=Sahitya Akademi|isbn=978-81-7201-324-0|language=en}}</ref>

==Mythology==
===Birth===
[[File:Nara Narayana Deogarh.jpg|thumb|A relief depicting Narayana (left) and Nara (right), [[Deogarh, Uttar Pradesh]], ca. 5th century CE]]
In Hindu mythology, Urvashi sprang from the divine-sage [[Nara Narayana|Narayana]]'s thigh as a fully fledged maiden. According to the ''[[Devi-Bhagavata Purana]]'', the sage-brothers [[Nara-Narayana|Nara and Narayana]] perform penance to please the creator god [[Brahma]], but this makes [[Indra]] (the king of the [[Deva (Hinduism)|devas]]) insecure about his throne and he does not want the sages to acquire divine powers. As a result, he creates multiple illusions to break their penance, but all of his tricks fail. Finally, he orders the apsaras of his court, including [[Rambha (apsara)|Rambha]], [[Menaka]], and [[Tilottama]], to go to Nara-Narayana and distract them through seduction. Accompanied by the god of love, [[Kama (god)|Kama]], and his consort, [[Rati]], the apsaras go to Nara-Narayana, and start to dance seductively in front of them. However, the sages remain unaffected by this and decide to break the pride of the apsaras. Narayana slaps his thigh, from which Urvashi emerges. Her beauty leaves Indra's apsaras matchless, and they become ashamed of their evil act. Nara and Narayana assure Indra that they would not take his throne, and gift Urvashi to him. She occupied the place of pride in [[Indra]]’s court.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Birth of Urvashi - Indian Mythology|url=http://www.apamnapat.com/articles/Devibhagavata025.html|access-date=2020-09-02|website=www.apamnapat.com|archive-date=14 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181014083055/http://www.apamnapat.com/articles/Devibhagavata025.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>''The Goddess in India: The Five Faces of the Eternal Feminine'' By Devdutt Pattanaik, Published 2000, Inner Traditions / Bear & Company, 176 pages, {{ISBN|0-89281-807-7}} p.66</ref><ref name="Mani">{{Cite book|last=Mani|first=Vettam|url=https://archive.org/details/puranicencyclopa00maniuoft/page/811/mode/1up|title=Puranic encyclopaedia : a comprehensive dictionary with special reference to the epic and Puranic literature|date=1975|publisher=Delhi : Motilal Banarsidass|others=Robarts - University of Toronto|page=811|isbn=9780842608220 }}</ref>

===Birth of Vasishtha and Agastya===
Urvashi plays a significant role in the birth of the [[sages]]—[[Vasishtha]] and [[Agastya]]—due to which she is sometimes referred to as their mother. The legend is narrated in many scriptures. In the ''Rigveda'', the gods [[Varuna]] and [[Mitra (Hindu god)|Mitra]] once perform a ''[[yajna]]'' (fire-sacrifice), when Urvashi arrives in front of them. After seeing her, they become sexually aroused and ejaculate their semen into a pitcher from which Vasishtha and Agastya are born. Similar accounts of this story appear in the ''Brihaddevata'' and some ''Puranic'' scriptures.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Patton|first=Laurie L.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xUZbDAAAQBAJ&q=agastya+vasistha+urvasi&pg=PA413|title=Myth as Argument: The Brhaddevata as Canonical Commentary|date=2014-05-14|publisher=Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG|isbn=978-3-11-081275-6|language=en}}
</ref><ref name = "Goodman" >
{{Cite book|last=Goodman|first=Hananya|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XF_a3cfrcLQC&q=agastya+vasistha+urvasi+rgveda&pg=PA218|title=Between Jerusalem and Benares: Comparative Studies in Judaism and Hinduism|date=2012-02-01|publisher=SUNY Press|isbn=978-1-4384-0437-0|language=en}}</ref>

In later Hindu texts, unlike the ''Vedas'', Vashishtha is described as a [[Manasputra]] (mind-created son) of the god [[Brahma]]. After his death from the king [[Nimi (Vedic king)|Nimi's]] curse, he takes rebirth through Urvashi and Mitra-Varuna. According to the legend attested in the ''[[Uttara Kanda]]'' of the ''[[Ramayana]]'', Vashishtha's spirit is consoled by Brahma after his death by telling him that he won't be born again in a womb. So Vashishtha is told to enter the body of [[Mitra-Varuna]]. Following their encounter, Varuna approaches Urvashi and expresses his wish to have a union with her. She declines it, nevertheless, as she had already promised Mitra that she would court him. To satisfy his desire, Varuna ejaculates inside a celestial jar that Brahma had made; Urvashi gets passionate, and tells him that though her body belonged to Mitra, her mind was fixed on him. As a result of her infidelity, Mitra curses Urvashi to become the wife of a mortal man, which eventually causes Mitra's seed to fall from her womb. It is subsequently put into the same jar containing Varuna's seed. In addition to Vashishtha's rebirth, Agastya is also born from the pitcher.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Shastri |first=Hari Prasad |date=1952 |title=Ramayana of Valmiki, Uttara Kanda, Chapter 56 [The Cursing of the Nymph Urvashi] |url=https://www.wisdomlib.org/hinduism/book/the-ramayana-of-valmiki/d/doc424827.html|language=en}}</ref><ref name = "Goodman" /><ref name="Mitra">{{Cite book|last=Obbink|first=Hendrik Willem|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9NMUAAAAIAAJ&q=urvasi+mitra&pg=PA122|title=Orientalia Rheno-traiectina|publisher=Brill Archive|language=en}}</ref><ref name = "Mani5" >{{Cite book|last=Mani|first=Vettam|url=https://archive.org/details/puranicencyclopa00maniuoft/page/5/mode/1up|title=Puranic encyclopaedia : a comprehensive dictionary with special reference to the epic and Puranic literature|date=1975|publisher=Delhi : Motilal Banarsidass|others=Robarts - University of Toronto|page=5|isbn=9780842608220 }}</ref>

===Wife of Pururavas===
[[File:Auspicious Emblem with Pururavas and Urvashi.jpg|thumb|An emblem depicting Pururavas and Urvashi, 1st century BCE - 1st century CE.]]
The most prominent myth featuring Urvashi is about her marriage to [[Pururavas]], a mortal king who is credited as the founder of [[Lunar dynasty|''Chandravamsha'']] (lit. 'lunar dynasty'), a legendary dynasty in ancient India. The myth is first narrated in the ''[[Rigveda]]'', where it is presented in the form of dialogue between them. The Vedic hymn suggest that she has left her husband Pururavas after living for four years with him. The king beseeches her to return, but she harshly refuses, complaining that he made too much love with her. She advises him to do good deeds to ascend to heaven and reunite with her.<ref name="Swan">{{Cite book |last=Leavy |first=Barbara Fass |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rkoTCgAAQBAJ&dq=Pururavas+rod&pg=PA35 |title=In Search of the Swan Maiden: A Narrative on Folklore and Gender |date=July 1995 |publisher=NYU Press |isbn=978-0-8147-5100-8 |language=en}}</ref> The context for this scene is provided in subsequent texts.<ref name = "Gaur" /> Scholars note that while in ''Rigveda'' Urvashi is portrayed as being a self-willed and unyielding woman who married Pururavas for her own desire and abandons him after giving birth to their son, the later adaptations mark her for her love for Pururavas and blame the celestial beings for their separation.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Deodhar |first=Lalita |date=1988 |title=ON SOME PURĀṆIC DIMENSION OF THE LEGEND OF URVAŚĪ AND PURURAVAS |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/42930212 |journal=Bulletin of the Deccan College Research Institute |volume=47/48 |pages=61–65 |jstor=42930212 |issn=0045-9801}}</ref><ref name="WD">{{Cite book |last=Doniger |first=Wendy |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nNsXZkdHvXUC&dq=pururavas+bamboo&pg=PA156 |title=The Hindus: An Alternative History |date=2010-09-30 |publisher=OUP Oxford |isbn=978-0-19-959334-7 |language=en}}</ref>

The Post-Vedic texts attest that Urvashi falls in love with handsome and heroic Pururavas and the latter also reciprocates his feelings for her. After Urvashi is cursed to descend on the Earth and become the wife of a mortal, she marries Pururavas on some conditions, with the most important being that he would never appear naked before her apart from during coitus. In the ''[[Shatapatha Brahmana]]'', Urvashi lays down two conditions that Pururavas would make love with her regularly, but only when she consented, and he would never appear naked in front of her.<ref name = "Swan" /> In the ''Puranas'', three conditions are mentioned—Pururavas would never appear naked in front of her, he would protect her two pet sheep and she would only consume [[ghee]] (clarified butter).<ref name = "Mani" /> According to ''[[Vishnu Purana]]'' and ''[[Bhagavata Purana]]'', the marriage was due to the curse of Mitra, while in the ''[[Devi Bhagavata Purana]]'' the curse is attributed to Brahma. Urvashi spends many years enjoying amorous sports with Pururavas. Meanwhile, Urvashi's presence is missed in heaven. A group of [[Gandharva]]s (celestial musicians), led by Vishvashu, are instructed to bring her back to heaven. One night when Urvashi and Pururavas are busy making love, the Gandharvas abduct Urvashi's pet lambs that were tied to her bed, and hearing their cries, Urvashi rebukes Pururavas for not protecting them. In haste, Pururavas forgets that he is naked, and stands up to chase the sheep. The Gandharvas then illuminate the place with a bolt of lightning, leading to Urvashi seeing Pururavas naked. Pururavas manages to bring back the sheep but Urvashi vanishes. Grief-sickened, he searches for her across the country and finds her disguised as a [[swan maiden|swan]] in a lake. He supplicates her to return but she refuses. Seeing his sorrow, Urvashi reveals that she is pregnant with their child and instructs him to return to the same place the next year so that they could spend that night together. Urvashi would return once every year to him and bore six sons—[[Ayus]], Shrutayus, Satyayus, Raya, Vijaya, and Jaya.<ref name = "Mani" /><ref name = "P" /> The ''[[Adi Parva]]'' of ''Mahabharata'' mentions different names of these six sons - Ayus, Dhimat, Amavasu and Dhridhayus, Vanayus, and Satayus. Following their birth, Urvashi suggests Pururavas to perform penance to transform himself into a Gandharva and ascend to heaven. Pururavas successfully accomplishes the task and is able to reunite with Urvashi in heaven.<ref name = "Mani" /><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/m01/m01076.htm | title=The Mahabharata, Book 1: Adi Parva: Sambhava Parva: Section LXXV }}</ref><ref name = "WD" /><ref name = "Swan" />

===Other legends===
[[File:Arjuna and Urvasee (Urvashi).jpg|thumb|Arjuna rejects Urvashi, print by B.P. Banerjee]]
In the ''[[Vayu Purana]]'', the sage Agastya once arrives in Indra's court and is welcomed by a dance performance of Urvashi. In the performance, Urvashi and [[Jayanta]], the son of Indra, look into each other's eyes in love. The distracted Urvashi misses a beat, and the dance goes haywire. Due to this, Jayanta is cursed to be born as bamboo, and Urvashi is cursed to take birth on Earth as a woman named Madhavi.<ref name = "Mani"/>

Urvashi is said to have caused the birth of the sage [[Rishyashringa]]. According to the ''Mahabharata'', Urvashi is traveling on the banks of a river, when rishi [[Vibhandaka]], son of [[Kashyapa]], sees her and becomes aroused by her beauty and has seminal emissions. His seed comes in contact with a doe, who turns out be an apsara cursed to remain in that form till she gives birth to a boy. She gives birth to Rishyashringa, and he is raised by his father.<ref name = "Mani" />

Another tale featuring Urvashi and a mortal prince is found in the ''Mahabharata''.{{efn|This tale is excluded in the Critical Edition of the ''Mahabharata'' and has been regarded by scholars as a later interpolation to the epic.<ref>{{Cite book|last=M. A. Mehendale|url=https://archive.org/details/InterpolationsInTheMahabharata|title=Interpolations In The Mahabharata|pages=200–201|date=2001-01-01}}</ref>}} [[Arjuna]], a prince belonging to ''Chandravamsha'' and the spiritual son of [[Indra]], comes to heaven to learn under Gandharva [[List of characters in the Mahabharata#Gandharva King Chitrasena|Chitrasena]]. Urvashi becomes attracted to him and reaches Arjuna's residence adorned in beautiful attire. She tells him about her desire, but the latter jilts her advances, considering her to be an ancestor of his, as well as a mother, because of her past marriage to Pururavas. Urvashi tries to convince him to accept her by telling that Apsaras are free and unconfined in their choice, and they can sport with any man they wish. Arjuna still refuses and an enraged Urvashi curses him to be destitute of his manhood and to be scorned as a [[eunuch]] for one year. Indra later pacifies Arjuna that the curse would be beneficial for him during his ''Agyatavasa'' (incognito exile).<ref name = "Mani" /><ref>{{Cite web|title=The Mahabharata, Book 3: Vana Parva: Indralokagamana Parva: Section XLVI|url=https://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/m03/m03046.htm|access-date=2021-09-20|website=www.sacred-texts.com}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Swan maiden]]
* [[Melusine]]

==Notes==
{{Notelist}}

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

===Bibliography===
*[[John Dowson|Dowson, John]]. ''A Dictionary of Hindu Mythology & Religion''.
* {{cite book |title=The Sri Mad Devi Bhagavatam: Books One Through Twelve 1923 |date=2004 |publisher=Kessinger Publishing |isbn=978-0-7661-8167-0 }}

==Further reading==
{{refbegin}}
* {{cite journal |last1=Gaur |first1=R. C. |title=The Legend of Purūravas and Urvaśī: An Interpretation |journal=Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland |date=1974 |volume=106 |issue=2 |pages=142–152 |doi=10.1017/S0035869X00131983 |jstor=25203565 |s2cid=162234818 }}
* {{cite book |last1=Leavy |first1=Barbara Fass |chapter=Urvaśī and the Swan Maidens: The Runaway Wife |pages=33–63 |jstor=j.ctt9qg995.5 |title=In Search of the Swan Maiden |date=1994 |publisher=NYU Press |isbn=978-0-8147-5268-5 }}
* {{cite journal |last1=Wright |first1=J. C. |title=Purūravas and Urvaśī |journal=Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London |date=1967 |volume=30 |issue=3 |pages=526–547 |doi=10.1017/S0041977X00132033 |jstor=612386 |s2cid=162788253 }}
* {{cite book |chapter='Cupid, Psyche, and the "Sun-Frog"', Custom and Myth: (London: Longmans, Green and Co., 1884) |pages=66–78 |jstor=10.3366/j.ctt16r0jdk.9 |editor1-last=Teverson |editor1-first=Andrew |editor2-first=Alexandra |editor2-last=Warwick |editor3-first=Leigh |editor3-last=Wilson |title=The Edinburgh Critical Edition of the Selected Writings of Andrew Lang, Volume 1: Anthropology, Fairy Tale, Folklore, The Origins of Religion, Psychical Research |date=2015 |publisher=Edinburgh University Press |isbn=978-1-4744-0021-3 }}
{{refend}}

==External links==
{{Wikiquote}}
{{Commons category}}
{{Hindu apsaras}}
{{HinduMythology}}
{{Swan Maiden}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Apsara]]
[[Category:Characters in the Mahabharata]]

Kaptipada

2025-08-10T01:25:13Z

FerminDodson605: new new post

{{short description| Community development block of Mayurbhanj, Odisha}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Kaptipada
| subdivision_name1 = [[Odisha]]
| demographics1_title1 = Literacy rate
| demographics1_info1 = 66.76%
| demographics_type1 = Demographic
| coordinates = {{coord|21.516|N|86.529|E|display=inline,title}}
| population_density_km2 = auto
| subdivision_type1 = State
| official_name = Kaptipada C.D. Block
| area_total_km2 = 647.53
| population_total = 148717
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_blank1_title = [[Scheduled Castes]]
| population_blank1 ={{number and percent|5854|148717|2}}
| population_blank2_title = [[Scheduled Tribes]]
| population_blank2 = {{number and percent|99054|148717|2}}
| subdivision_name2 = [[Mayurbhanj district|Mayurbhanj]]
| subdivision_type2 = District
| subdivision_name3 = Kaptipada Subdivision
| subdivision_type3 = Subdivision
| native_name = କପ୍ତିପଦା
| native_name_lang = od
| registration_plate = OD-11-XXXX
| named_for = [[Kaptipada Estate]]
| settlement_type = Rural
| postal_code = 757040
| postal_code_type = PIN
| iso_code = IN-OR
| pushpin_map = Odisha
| elevation_m = 14
| founder =
}}
'''Kaptipada''' is a [[community development block]] that forms an administrative division in Kaptipada subdivision of [[Mayurbhanj district]] in the Indian state of [[Odisha]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Subdivision & Blocks {{!}} Mayurbhanj District, Government of Odisha {{!}} India|url=https://mayurbhanj.nic.in/subdivision-blocks/|access-date=2021-11-12|language=en-US}}</ref> Kaptipada was a [[Kaptipada Estate|Kaptipada estate]], which was merged with [[Mayurbhanj State]] in 1890.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Gan|first=Pradeep Kumar|title=The Estate of Kaptipada : From Its Origin to Merger with Orissa|url=http://magazines.odisha.gov.in/Orissareview/aug2005/engpdf/the%2520estate%2520of%2520kaptipada.pdf|access-date=12 November 2021|website=magazines.odisha.gov.in|archive-date=24 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210924100623/http://magazines.odisha.gov.in/Orissareview/aug2005/engpdf/the%20estate%20of%20kaptipada.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>

== Demographics ==
{{OSM Location map
| coord = {{coord|21.516|86.528}}
| zoom = 13
}}
Kaptipada block located in the south-eastern part of Mayurbhanj. It is surrounded by Udala C.D. Block from north-west, north, and north-east, [[Balasore District]] from east and south, [[Keonjhar District]] from south-west, Thakurmunda C.D. Block from west. It is located in the north-central plateau of Odisha. The total geographical area of the block is {{cvt|626.73|km2}} out of which {{cvt|133.07|km2}} is forest area. The block has 26 Gram Panchayat i.e., Kolialam, J.P.S. Jamdiha, Nuddiha, Pedagodi, Badbisole, Debala, Pingu, Badgudgudia, Chakradharpur, Kaptipada, Jhinkpada, Badkhaladi, Salchua, Jadida, Jambani, Majhigadia, Mankadapada, Ranipokhari, Notta, Sarat, Saradiha, Kalamgadia, Padmapokhari, Labanyadeipur, Ramchandrapur and Dewani Bahali. The total population of this block is 1,48,717, which is dominated by Scheduled Tribes people like Bathudi, Kolha, Santal, Gond, Saunti and the mejor used languages are Odia, Santali, Ho, Bengali, Kui.<ref>{{Cite web|title=DISTRICT CENSUS HANDBOOK – MAYURBHANJ|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/2107_PART_B_DCHB_MAYURBHANJ.pdf|access-date=12 November 2021|website=[[Census of India]]}}</ref>

== Education ==
Kaptipada CD block has 120 primary schools, 54 upper primary schools and 36 High schools. There are two colleges named Kaptipada college, Kaptipada and Kaptipada college, Nuasahi both are affiliated to [[Maharaja Sriram Chandra Bhanja Deo University|North Odisha University]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kaptipada collage|url=https://www.rtiodisha.gov.in/Pages/printAllManual/office_id:4822/lang:|access-date=2021-11-12|website=www.rtiodisha.gov.in}}</ref>

== Tourist attractions ==
Kaptipada, situated within the southern core zone of [[Similipal National Park]] and encircled by [[Simlipal National Park|Similipal Tiger Reserve]], [[Hadgarh Wildlife Sanctuary]], and [[Kuldiha Wildlife Sanctuary]], forms a captivating tourist destination due to its remarkable natural beauty.

* [[Sunei Dam]]
* [[Kala Dam|Kalo Dam]]
* Jhinkeswar temple
* Samibrukya

==Villages==


{{cmn|colwidth=20em|rules=yes|
* Bada Bisol
* Gaudogan
* Jarada
* Kaptipada
* Karapada
* Kuanrpur
* Mahulabani
* [[Nudadiha]]
* Patpur
* Pedagadi
* Rathipur
* Sano Bisol
* Srabana Ghati
}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Mayurbhanj district]]
[[Category:Community development blocks in Odisha]]

Raja Shabir Khan

2025-07-29T07:12:05Z

FerminDodson605: stub!

{{Short description|Indian documenarty filmmaker}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Raja Shabir Khan
| education = PG Diploma in direction and screenplay writing
| alma_mater = [[Satyajit Ray Film and Television Institute]]
}}

'''Raja Shabir Khan''' is an Indian documenarty filmmaker from [[Kashmir]]<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Gani |first=Abdul |date=2019-01-29 |title=Shepherds of Paradise, Line of Control |url=https://www.thecitizen.in/index.php/en/NewsDetail/index/3/16146/Shepherds-of-Paradise-Line-of-Control-- |access-date=2023-11-15 |website=www.thecitizen.in |language=en}}</ref> who won two [[National Film Awards]] for his movie ''[[Shepherds of Paradise]],''<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Award winning Sgr film-maker Khan urges youth to dream big to script success |url=http://risingkashmir.com/-award-winning-sgr-filmmaker-khan-urges-youth-to-dream-big-to-script-success |access-date=2023-11-16 |website=risingkashmir.com}}</ref> The [[National Film Award for Best Non-Feature Film|Best Non-Feature Film]] and [[National Film Award for Best Cinematography|Best Cinematography]]<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=President Pranab Mukherjee presenting Best Cinematography Award (Shared) to Raja Shabir Khan during the 60th National Film Awards function in New Delhi. Union Minister for Communications and IT Kapil Sibal is also seen. |url=https://photogallery.indiatimes.com/awards/awards-and-honours/60th-national-film-awards/articleshow/19877869.cms |access-date=2023-11-16 |website=photogallery.indiatimes.com}}</ref> at the [[60th National Film Awards]] in 2013.<ref name=":02">{{Cite web |title=Gojri film shines at National Awards |url=https://m.tribuneindia.com/2013/20130320/j%26k.htm#6 |access-date=2023-11-15 |website=m.tribuneindia.com |archive-date=2023-11-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231115075108/https://m.tribuneindia.com/2013/20130320/j%26k.htm#6 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Regional films shine in non-feature category at National awards |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-regional-films-shine-in-non-feature-category-at-national-awards-1812684 |access-date=2023-11-15 |website=DNA India |language=en}}</ref>

== Early life and career ==
Raja was inspired by his father, an art lover, to pursue filmmaking. Raja began creating documentary films while still in school. During his school years, he directed and wrote the short film ''Pagla Baba'', which earned him the Bronze Remi Award at the World Film Festival 2007 in [[Houston|Houston, Texas]].<ref name=":0" />

Hailing from the Chanapora area on the outskirts of Srinagar, Khan graduated and did a [[Postgraduate diploma|PG Diploma]] in direction and screenplay writing from the [[Satyajit Ray Film and Television Institute]] in [[Kolkata]].<ref name=":0" />

Raja received widespread acclaim for his first independent documentary, ''Angels of Troubled Paradise''. The film aimed to portray the hardships of a child who gathers and sells scrap from tear smoke shells to make a living. It was broadcast in [[Tokyo]], Singapore, and various international festivals.<ref name=":0" />

His film ''Banafshe'' was showcased at the [[Osian's Cinefan Festival of Asian and Arab Cinema|Osian's Film Festival]] in [[New Delhi]] and received wide acclaim and praise.<ref name=":0" />

In 2013, Raja received two [[National Film Awards]] for his movie ''[[Shepherds of Paradise]],''<ref name=":0" /> The [[National Film Award for Best Non-Feature Film|Best Non-Feature Film]] and [[National Film Award for Best Cinematography|Best Cinematography]]<ref name=":2" /> at the [[60th National Film Awards]].<ref name=":02" /><ref name=":3" /> The movie was featured at the [[Guwahati International Film Festival]], hosted by [[Dr. Bhupen Hazarika Regional Government Film and Television Institute|Jyoti Chitraban Film Studio]], a government entity in [[Assam]], in collaboration with the [[Dr. Bhupen Hazarika Regional Government Film and Television Institute]] in [[Guwahati]].<ref name=":1" /> The documentary was also broadcast in [[Singapore]], [[South Korea]], the United States, and [[Japan]], in addition to being featured in festivals worldwide. The film depicts the challenges faced by the Bakerwals, nomadic shepherds in Kashmir, as they strive to sustain their way of life.<ref name=":0" />

He has also produced several other documentaries, including Fear ''And Freedom'', ''Vanishing Glaciers'', ''Line of Control'', and ''The Last Hope''.<ref name=":0" />

Raja has served as a jury member at the National Students Film Festival and the Himalayan Future Festival held in [[Ladakh]].<ref name=":0" />

His upcoming film, 'Rugby, Crows, and Hijab,' explores the theme of overcoming challenges.<ref name=":0" />

== Documentaries ==

* ''Pagla Baba''
* ''Angels of Troubled Paradise''
* ''Banafshe''
* ''[[Shepherds of Paradise]]''
* ''Fear'' ''And Freedom''
* ''Vanishing Glaciers''
* ''Line of Control''
* ''The Last Hope''

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Authority control}}

== Extermal links ==

* {{IMDb name|id=3701684}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Khan, Raja Shabir}}
[[Category:Indian filmmakers]]
[[Category:Satyajit Ray Film and Television Institute alumni]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:National Film Award (India) winners]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

Tuza Maza Breakup

2025-04-25T18:13:36Z

FerminDodson605:

{{Short description|Marathi-language drama series}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2023}}
{{Infobox television
| image = Tuza Maza Breakup.jpg
| image_size =
| writer = Madhugandha Kulkarni
| director =
| starring = [[#Cast|See below]]
| composer =
| voices =
| num_episodes = 286
| editor =
| camera = [[Multiple-camera setup|Multi-camera]]
| network = [[Zee Marathi]]
| genre = [[Drama]]
| location = [[Mumbai]], [[Maharashtra]], India
| country = India
| language = Marathi
| first_aired = {{start date|2017|09|18|df=y}}
| last_aired = {{end date|2018|08|11|df=y}}
| producer =
| company = Someel Creations
| runtime = 22 minutes
}}

'''''Tuza Maza Breakup''''' ({{translation|Yours and my Breakup}}) is a [[Marathi language]] television drama series.<ref>{{cite news|title=New twist in Tuza Maza Breakup? - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/new-twist-on-tuza-maza-breakup/articleshow/62819513.cms|access-date=2022-10-23|work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=लग्नानंतर सरलेल्या प्रेमाची उरलेली गंमतीदार गोष्ट|url=https://zeenews.india.com/marathi/entertainment/tuz-maz-break-up/383382|access-date=2022-10-23|work=[[Zee 24 Taas]]|language=mr}}</ref> It starred Ketaki Chitale and Sainkeet Kamat in lead roles.<ref>{{cite news|title=Ketaki shares a heartfelt message for Sainkeet - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/ketaki-shares-a-heartfelt-message-for-sainkeet/articleshow/65263735.cms|access-date=2022-11-30|work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=मीरा कोणाची होणार? समीरची की रजनीशची?|url=https://lokmat.news18.com/amp/photogallery/photo-gallery/serial-tuze-maze-breakup-meera-samir-rajnish-menaka-299347.html|access-date=2022-10-23|work=[[News18 Lokmat]]|language=mr}}</ref> The series premiered on [[Zee Marathi]] by replacing ''[[Khulta Kali Khulena]]''.<ref>{{cite news|title=Tuza Maza Breakup completes 200 episodes - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/trade-news/marathi/tuza-maza-breakup-completes-200-episodes/articleshow/64099411.cms|access-date=2022-10-23|work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=मीरा-समीरच्या नात्यात निर्माण होणार अविश्वासाची दरी!|url=https://divyamarathi.bhaskar.com/amp/news/BOL-MB-IFTM-new-twist-in-marathi-serial-tuza-maza-breakup-5795802-PHO.html|access-date=2022-11-30|work=Divya Marathi|language=mr}}</ref>

== Cast ==
=== Main ===
* Ketaki Chitale as Meera Sameer Desai
* Sainkeet Kamat as Sameer Sharad Desai

=== Recurring ===
;Sameer's family
* [[Uday Tikekar]] as Sharad Desai
* Radhika Harshe as Lata Sharad Desai
* [[Rohini Hattangadi]] as Tilottama Desai
* Mohiniraj Gatne as Sameer's uncle
* Sanyogita Bhave as Ashwini Desai

;Meera's family
* Vijay Nikam as Mangesh Rane
* Rekha Badhe as Bharati Mangesh Rane
* Neeta Pendse as Nanda Rane
* Shivraj Walvekar as Meera's father
* Reshma Ramchandra as Madhura Rane
* Mohit Gokhale as Tejas Mangesh Rane

;Others
* Umesh Jagtap as Satyawan Arnalkar
* Sanjeevani Patil as Mrs. Pradhan
* [[Maadhav Deochake]] as Rajneesh Pradhan
* Meera Joshi as Menaka Agarwal
* Ujjwala Jog as Mrs. Wagle
* Ashutosh Gokhale as Sameer's friend

== Reception ==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! rowspan="2" | Week
! rowspan="2" | Year
! colspan="2" | [[Broadcast Audience Research Council|BARC]] Viewership
! rowspan="2" | Ref.
|-
! [[Target Rating Point|TRP]]
! Rank
|-
|Week 15
|2018
|2.9
|3
|<ref>{{Cite web|title='माझ्या नवऱ्याची बायको' टीआरपीमध्ये एक नंबर|url=https://zeenews.india.com/marathi/entertainment/mazya-navryachi-bayko-top-in-trp/426628|access-date=2022-10-23|website=[[Zee 24 Taas]]|language=mr}}</ref>
|-
|Week 19
|2018
|2.9
|4
|<ref>{{cite news|title=टीआरपीमध्ये 'ही' मालिका नंबर वन|url=https://zeenews.india.com/marathi/entertainment/tujhyat-jeev-rangala-zee-marathi-serial-top-in-trp/430105|access-date=2022-10-23|work=[[Zee 24 Taas]]|language=mr}}</ref>
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|tt10375650}}
* [https://www.zee5.com/tv-shows/details/tuza-maza-breakup/0-6-659 ''Tuza Maza Breakup''] at [[ZEE5]]

[[Category:Marathi-language television shows]]
[[Category:Zee Marathi original programming]]
[[Category:2017 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:2018 Indian television series endings]]

Narendra Prajapati

2025-01-26T20:34:59Z

FerminDodson605: created a details v1

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2025}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| office = Member of [[Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]
| constituency = [[Mangawan Assembly constituency|Mangawan]]
| term_start = 2023
| term_end =
| profession = Politician
| predecessor = [[Panchu Lal Prajapati]]
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
}}
'''Narendra Prajapati''' is an Indian politician from Madhya Pradesh. He is a [[Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly|Member of the Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] from [[2023 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2023]], representing [[Mangawan Assembly constituency]] as a Member of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]].

==Political career==
In the [[2023 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]s, Prajapati was nominated by the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] to contest the [[Mangawan Assembly constituency]]. He ran against [[Indian National Congress]] candidate Babita Saket and won the election with a margin of 31,912 votes. Prajapati received a total of 78,754 votes, while Babita Saket secured 46,842 votes.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mangawan, Election Result 2023 Live: Winning And Losing Candidates & Parties, 2019 vs 2024 Results, Voting Percentage, Exit Polls-News18 Assembly Election 2023 Result News |url=https://www.news18.com/elections/madhya-pradesh/mangawan-assembly-constituency-s12aed2008a073/ |access-date=2024-10-31 |website=www.news18.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Mangawan Lok Sabha Election 2024 Live: Get Mangawan Lok Sabha Election Results and Candidate List |url=https://indianexpress.com/elections/madhya-pradesh-assembly-election/mangawan-constituency/ |access-date=2024-10-31 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-12-03 |title=Mangawan Assembly Election Results 2023 Highlights: BJP's Engineer Narendra Prajapati with 78754 defeats INC's Smt. Babita Saket |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/story/mangawan-assembly-election-results-2023-live-2470440-2023-12-03 |access-date=2024-10-31 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>

==Controversies==
On 23 November 2024 after the arrest of Mauganj MLA [[Pradeep Patel]] for attempting to demolish an illegal encroachment near Mahadevan Mandir in Devra [[Mauganj]],<ref>{{cite news|title=मंदिर की जमीन से अतिक्रमण हटाने पर अड़े भाजपा विधायक:खुद को कमरे में घंटों रखा बंद; प्रशासन ने दी है 7 दिन की डेडलाइन|website=www.bhaskar.com|url=https://www.bhaskar.com/local/mp/mauganj/news/mauganj-mla-locked-himself-in-the-room-134000709.html|date= 22 Nov 2024|access-date= 24 Nov 2024|language= Hindi}}</ref> Narendra Prajapati while speaking to the press in his support said that "Only those who say [[Jai Shree Ram]] will stay in India."<ref>{{cite news|title=नजरबंद विधायक के समर्थन में मनगंवा MLA का ऐलान:प्रजापति बोले- भारत में वही रहेगा जो जय श्रीराम कहेगा; मऊगंज में अतिक्रमण गिराने का काम शुरू|website=www.bhaskar.com|url=https://www.bhaskar.com/local/mp/rewa/news/after-the-mla-under-house-arrest-another-bjp-mla-announced-134005486.html|date= 23 Nov 2024|access-date= 24 Nov 2024|language= Hindi}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[List of chief ministers of Madhya Pradesh]]
* [[Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Prajapati, Narendra}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Madhya Pradesh MLAs 2023–2028]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

Biodiversity Park, Visakhapatnam

2024-11-19T00:04:42Z

FerminDodson605: Put up a info

{{short description|Park in Andhra Pradesh, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2020}}
{{Infobox park
| name = Biodiversity Park, Visakhapatnam
| alt_name =
| image = DNCS-Biodiversity Park, Visakhapatnam Inauguration 5th June 2002.jpg
| image_size = 250px
| image_alt =
| image_caption = Inauguration Stone
| type = Biodiversity park [[ex situ]] / educative [[botanical garden]]
| location = [[Rani Chandramani Devi Government Hospital]], [[Pedda Waltair]], [[Visakhapatnam]], [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[India]]
| area = 3 acres
| operator = DNCS in co-ordination with VMRDA and RCD Govt. Hospital
| status = Open all year
| coordinates = {{Coord|17.7290304|N|83.3364321|E| region:IN-HR_type:landmark|display=inline,title}}
| map =
| map_alt =
| map_caption =
}}

[[File:Lay out plan of Biodiversity Park, Visakhapatnam DNCS-VMRDA.jpg|thumb]]

'''Biodiversity Park, Visakhapatnam''', is a [[botanical garden]], an ''[[ex situ]]'' conservation park, first of its kind in [[Visakhapatnam]], [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[India]].<ref name="auto6">{{cite news |url= https://frontline.thehindu.com/environment/article30209367.ece|title=breathing new life|date=19 May 2006|newspaper=frontline|accessdate=22 April 2020}}</ref> The park is located in the premises of the [[Rani Chandramani Devi Government Hospital]]. It extends over {{convert|3|acre|ha}}. [[Dolphin Nature Conservation Society]] (DNCS), Visakhapatnam, a registered, eco-friendly, non-government organization, has maintained it for 13 years and is now maintaining it in collaboration with the hospital and [[Visakhapatnam Metropolitan Region Development Authority]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Visakhapatnam/a-fascinating-world-of-plant-kingdom-amid-concrete-jungle/article19387999.ece|title=fascinating world of plant kingdom|first=Nivedita|last=Ganguly|date=29 July 2017|via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref> The park was inaugurated on 5 June 2002.<ref name="auto6"/> This park has more than 2,000 species of plants.<ref name="auto1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Visakhapatnam/biodiversity-park-in-city-has-rare-species/article8351201.ece|title=Biodiversity Park in city has rare species|date=14 March 2016|via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref> and has recorded visits by 60 species of birds and 105 species of butterflies.<ref name="Ganguly">{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/energy-and-environment/causing-a-flutter-in-vizag/article24716290.ece|title=Causing a flutter in Vizag|first=Nivedita|last=Ganguly|date=17 August 2018|via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref> The park has become a "living laboratory" for education, awareness and research for students, and botanists, zoologists and researchers.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Visakhapatnam/biodiversity-park-fascinates-students-from-kolkata/article8330125.ece|title=attracts students from all places|first=Nivedita|last=Ganguly|date=9 March 2016|via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref><ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Visakhapatnam/rare-species-of-plants-and-trees-impress-them/article4360081.ece|title=Rare species of plants and trees impress them|first=Rani|last=Devalla|date=30 January 2013|via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.yovizag.com/rcd-biodiversity-park-vizag/|title=The open air biology lab in Vizag|date=12 January 2019}}</ref>

==Zones==

The park has 10 major zones:<ref name="auto5">{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/visakhapatnam/Generation-Y-join-hands-to-conserve-biodiversity/articleshow/17475367.cms|title=Krishna’s Butter Cup: Generation Y join hands to conserve biodiversity | Visakhapatnam News - Times of India|website=The Times of India}}</ref>
{{columns-list |colwidth=18em |
*Sacred Groves
*Living Fossil plants of Jurassic times (Gymnosperms)
*Cacti and Succulents
*Ornamental Plants
*Aquatic Plants
*Medicinal or Herbal and Aromatic Plants
*Insectivorous Plants
*Orchids
*Ferns
*Bamboo and Palm Groves
}}
These sections harbour very rare and endangered species like maidenhair tree (''[[Ginkgo biloba]]'') and botanical oddities or curiosities like Krishna's butter cup, holy cross, Jesus smile, autograph tree, upside-down tree, Mickey Mouse tree, laughing Buddha bamboo, octopus tree.<ref name="auto1"/><ref name="auto"/>
It has a 'green house or polynetted house', 'pond', 'cactus & succulent conservatory'. The society started a interpretation-cum-training centre,<ref name="auto2">{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Visakhapatnam/a-step-forward-in-spreading-environmental-awareness/article6097808.ece|title=A step forward in spreading environmental awareness|first=Nivedita|last=Ganguly|date=10 June 2014|via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref> to conduct workshops and training programs.

== Plants ==

The Biodiversity Park contains the following groups of plant:
*Sacred plants of Sacred Groves zone: [[Sacred groves]] section harbors plant species related to [[Ganesha]] worship (21 plants), [[Nakshatra]] vanam / birth stars or [[star]] constellations (27 plants), Raasi vana / [[Zodiac]] signs (12 plants), Saptharishi vana / 7 Indian [[sages]] garden (7 plants) and [[Navagraha]] vana (9 plants).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/visakhapatnam/sacred-groves-inaugurated-at-hospital/articleshow/56975395.cms|title=Sacred groves inaugurated at hospital | Visakhapatnam News - Times of India|website=The Times of India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Visakhapatnam/A-%E2%80%98sacred-grove%E2%80%99-inaugurated-at-Biodiversity-Park/article17195848.ece|title=A ‘sacred grove’ inaugurated at Biodiversity Park|author=Staff Reporter|date=5 February 2017|via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref>
*Medicinal / Herbal and Aromatic: Nearly 500 species of [[Medicinal plants]] or [[Medicinal herbs]], including [[Pterocarpus santalinus]], [[Santalum album]], [[Gloriosa superba]], [[Rauvolfia serpentina]], [[Gymnema sylvestre]], [[Costus igneus]].<ref name="auto3">{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/visakhapatnam/rcd-hospitals-biodiversity-park-houses-over-500-medicinal-plants/articleshow/58813407.cms|title=RCD hospital’s biodiversity park houses over 500 medicinal plants, 60 species of birds | Visakhapatnam News - Times of India|website=The Times of India}}</ref>
*Ornamentals: Over 200 varieties, such as [[Couroupita guianensis]], [[Passiflora]], [[Acalypha hispida]], [[Clerodendrum incisum]], [[Clerodendrum thomsoniae]], [[Aristolochia ringens|James Bond 007]], [[Ochna serrulata]].<ref name="auto4">{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/society/in-the-kingdom-of-plants/article24451823.ece|title=In the kingdom of plants|first=Nivedita|last=Ganguly|date=18 July 2018|via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref>

*Cacti: Nearly 100 varieties, including Golden Barrel cactus [[Echinocactus grusonii]], Rubyball cactus [[Gymnocalycium mihanovichii]]
*Succulents: 300 varieties, including [[Lithops]] spp.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Visakhapatnam/%E2%80%98Living-pebbles%E2%80%99-latest-additionto-Biodiversity-Park/article15135299.ece|title=‘Living pebbles’ latest addition to Biodiversity Park|date=4 October 2016|via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref>
*Aquatic plants: Over 50 species, including [[Victoria amazonica]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/life-and-style/homes-and-gardens/from-the-amazon-forests/article19896177.ece|title=From the Amazon forests|first=Nivedita|last=Ganguly|date=21 October 2017|via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref> Some other examples are: Lilies, Lotus, Equisitum, Vallisneria, Hydrilla, Potamogeton. The park has [[mangrove]] plants like [[Avicennia marina]] with respiratory roots or [[pneumatophores]], Sea brites, Acanthophyllum etc.
*Bromeliads: 15 species of bromeliads are cultivated, including plants that live on air ex:[[Tillandsia]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Visakhapatnam/eye-catching-plants-that-live-on-air/article22766538.ece|title=plants that live on air|first=Nivedita|last=Ganguly|date=16 February 2018|via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref>
*Ferns: Species cultivated include [[Nephrolepis]] (Swordfern), [[Asplenium nidus]] ([[Bird's nest fern]]), [[Pteris]], [[Polypodium]], [[Asplenium hemionitis]] – Star Fern (Notholaenaceae), [[Hemionitis arifolia]] – Heart Fern (Notholaenaceae).

*Insectivorous plants: [[Nepenthes]] ([[Pitcher plant]]).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Visakhapatnam/plants-that-feed-on-insects/article8334421.ece|title=Plants that feed on insects|first=Nivedita|last=Ganguly|date=10 March 2016|via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref><ref name="auto1"/>
*Bamboo Grove: 5 species of [[bamboo]] are seen, including Laughing Buddha bamboo [[Bambusa ventricosa]], Golden bamboo, Green bamboo.
*Palm Grove: Over 25 species, including [[Wodyetia bifurcata]], [[Caryota urens]], [[Hyophorbe lagenicaulis]], [[Cyrtostachys renda]]
*Arboretum: This includes over 200 native and exotic tree species.<ref name="auto5"/>

== Birds ==
60 species of birds have been recorded in the park, including [[Golden-backed woodpecker]], [[Spotted owlet]], [[Parakeets]], [[Brahminy starling]], [[Greater Coucal]], [[Red-whiskered bulbul]], [[Purple sunbird]] and [[Barn-owl|Barn owl]].<ref name="auto3"/>

== Butterflies ==

More than 100 species belonging to 6 families were observed in the Eastern Ghats Forests and Urban Environments of Visakhapatnam District, of which the family [[Papilionidae]] is represented by more than 10 species, [[Pieridae]] with more than 20 species, [[Nymphalidae]] with more than 30 species, [[Lycaenidae]] with more than 20 species, [[Riodinidae]] with 1 species and [[Hesperiidae]] with more than 10 species.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/140917/nation-current-affairs/article/girls-discover-25-new-species-butterflies|title=Girls discover 25 new species of butterflies|date=17 September 2014|website=Deccan Chronicle}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Visakhapatnam/Bio-diversity-Park-attracts-many-butterflies/article15453624.ece|title=Bio-diversity Park attracts many butterflies|first=Ramesh|last=Susarla|date=21 February 2011|via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref> Some species of male butterflies ex. crows n tigers show interesting mechanism called clustering. During monsoon months, males congregate around some species of plants like [[Crotalaria retusa]], [[Heliotropium indicum]] to suck some alkaloides or sex pheromones which are essential for mating.
<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/butterflies-are-back-again-at-biodiversity-park/article19589725.ece|title=Butterflies are back again at Biodiversity Park|first=Nivedita|last=Ganguly|date=31 August 2017|via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Visakhapatnam/Come-monsoon-they-create-a-flutter/article11274416.ece|title=Come monsoon, they create a flutter|first=Nivedita|last=Ganguly|date=21 July 2014|via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref>
<ref>Rama Murty, M, A. Rohini, STPL. Ushasri, Ch. Girija Rani, P. Sharon, S.Pavani and U. Joshna Rani. 2013: Preliminary study on Butterfly Diversity in the Biodiversity Park of Rani Chandramati Devi Government Hospital, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh. Advances in Pollen Spore Research Vol. XXXI (2013): 151–159.</ref>
<ref name="Ganguly"/>

==Cyclone Hudhud==
In October 2014 [[Cyclone Hudhud]] caused extensive damage and loss of life in eastern India and Nepal. The entire park was severely damaged and almost became like a graveyard; almost all tree species were uprooted, fences destroyed, and the pond, greenhouse and cacti house collapsed.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Visakhapatnam/living-lab-laid-waste/article6517119.ece|title=Living lab laid waste|date=20 October 2014|via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/141019/nation-current-affairs/article/hudhud-leaves-biodiversity-park-ravaged-vizag|title=Hudhud leaves Biodiversity Park ravaged in Vizag|date=19 October 2014|website=Deccan Chronicle}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Visakhapatnam/biodiversity-park-set-to-get-a-facelift-soon/article8363922.ece|title=Biodiversity Park set to get a facelift soon|first=Nivedita|last=Ganguly|date=17 March 2016|via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref> The park was rejuvenated within a span of one year by student volunteers with government support.<ref name="auto2"/><ref>{{cite web|title=nature lovers plant rare saplings|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Visakhapatnam/naturelovers-plant-rare-saplings/article6086238.ece|publisher=[[The Hindu]]|accessdate=23 May 2020|date=2014-06-06}}</ref>

== Awards ==
The Dolphin Nature Conservation Society (DNCS) received two [[Andhra Pradesh]] Government state level awards for the development and maintenance of Biodiversity Park, Visakhapatnam.<ref name="auto4"/>

== See also ==
*[[Biodiversity park, Hyderabad]]
*[[Yamuna biodiversity park]]
*[[Neela Hauz biodiversity park]]
*[[Tilpath Valley Biodiversity Park]]
*[[Northern Ridge biodiversity park]]
*[[Aravali Biodiversity Park, Gurgaon]]
*[[Acharya Jagadish Chandra Bose Indian Botanic Garden]]
*[[Biodiversity Park, Arjuni Morgaon]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Commons category|Biodiversity Park, Visakhapatnam}}
{{clear}}

[[Category:Parks in Visakhapatnam]]
[[Category:Botanical gardens in India]]
[[Category:2002 establishments in Andhra Pradesh]]

Chethan Jayalal

2024-10-25T00:07:05Z

FerminDodson605: Put up new pg!

{{Short description|Indian actor}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2018}}
{{BLP sources|date=March 2017}}

{{Infobox person
| name = Chethan Jayalal
| native_name =
| native_name_lang = ചേതൻ ജയലാൽ
| image =
| caption =
| birth_date =
| birth_place =
| alma_mater =
| other_names =
| occupation = actor
| years_active = 2012–present
| parents = Jayalal Manuja
| spouse =
| children =
| relatives =
| website =
}}

'''Chethan Jayalal''' is an Indian actor who appears in [[Malayalam film]]s.<ref>{{cite news|title=Kerala State film awards 2016|url=http://english.manoramaonline.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/kerala-state-film-awards-2016-best-movie-actor-director.html|publisher=manoramaonline.com}}</ref> He is known for ''[[Guppy (film)|Guppy]]'' (2016), ''[[Iyobinte Pusthakam]]'' (2014) and ''[[Oppam]]'' (2016). He won the [[Kerala State Film Award for Best Child Artist]] in 2016 for portraying the character Guppy in the film ''[[Guppy (film)|Guppy]]''.<ref>[http://english.manoramaonline.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/kerala-film-awards-winners-list-malayalam-movie-actor.html "Kerala State Awards 2016: full list of winners..."]. ''Malayala Manorama''. 7 March 2016. Retrieved 7 March 2016.</ref>

==Filmography==
#''[[Nanpakal Nerathu Mayakkam]]'' (2023)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mammootty calls Nanpakal Nerathu Mayakkam politically relevant, says 'we may digress from our paths but..' |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/mammootty-calls-nanpakal-nerathu-mayakkam-politically-relevant-says-we-may-digress-from-our-paths-but-2323209-2023-01-18 |access-date=2023-01-18 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>
#''[[Bheeshma Parvam]]'' (2022)
#''I promise RIA'' (2020)- Web Series
#''[[Ambili (film)|Ambili]]'' (2019)
# ''[[Varathan]]'' (2018) – Preman
#''Sanchari'' (2018) - Short film
#''En Kadhal'' (2018) - Musical Album
# ''[[Carbon (2018 film)|Carbon]]'' (2018) – Kannan
# ''[[Crossroad (2017 film)|Crossroad]]'' (2017)
#''Sughamano Daveede''. (2017)
# ''[[Rakshadhikari Baiju Oppu]]'' (2017) – Vipin
# ''[[Guppy (film)|Guppy]]'' (2016) – Guppy
# ''[[Oppam]]'' (2016)
# ''[[Charlie (2015 Malayalam film)|Charlie]]'' (2015) – Balan Pillai
# ''[[Jilebi (2015 film)|Jilebi]]'' (2015)
# ''[[Lailaa O Lailaa]]'' (2015)
# ''[[Oru Vadakkan Selfie]]'' (2015)
# ''[[Chirakodinja Kinavukal]]'' (2015)
# ''[[Vikramadithyan]]'' (2014)
# ''[[Iyobinte Pusthakam]]'' (2014)
# ''[[Central Theater (film)|Central Theater]]'' (2014)
# ''[[Sesham Kadhabhagam (film)|Sesham Kadhabhagam]]'' (2014)
# ''[[Law Point]]'' (2014)
# ''[[Thanal Theduna Bhoomi (film)|Thanal Theduna Bhoomi]]'' (2014)
# ''[[Salalah Mobiles|Salala Mobiles]]'' (2014)
# ''[[Orissa (film)|Orissa]]'' (2013)
# ''[[5 Sundarikal]]'' (2013) – Abhilash
# ''[[ABCD: American-Born Confused Desi (2013 film)|ABCD: American-Born Confused Desi]]'' (2013)
# ''[[Black Forest (2013)|Black Forest]]'' (2013)
# ''[[Theevram]]'' (2012)
# ''[[Ozhimuri]]'' (2012)
# ''[[Bachelor Party (2012 film)|Bachelor Party]]'' (2012) - Tony(childhood)

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb name|nm8255081}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Jayalal, Chethan}}
[[Category:Male actors in Malayalam cinema]]
[[Category:Indian male film actors]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male actors]]

National Highway 38 (India)

2024-10-17T21:47:03Z

FerminDodson605: typo fix

{{Short description|National highway in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2017}}
{{more citations needed|date=June 2016}}

{{infobox road
| country = IND
| image =
| type = NH
| route = 38
| map = {{Maplink|frame=yes|plain=yes|frame-width=290|frame-height=300|frame-align=center|type=line|id=Q25209324|stroke-width=3|title=National Highway 38}}
| map_custom = yes
| map_notes = Map of the National Highway in red
| length_km = 604
| direction =
| direction_a =
| terminus_a = [[Vellore]]
| destinations =
| direction_b =
| terminus_b = [[Thoothukudi]]
| junction =
| states =
| previous_type = NH
| previous_route = 75
| next_route = 138
| next_type = NH
| maint = Tamil Nadu Highway Department<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.tnhighways.tn.gov.in/en/list-of-roads/national-highways |title=Road Length Maintained by NH|access-date=2023-05-03 |website=tnhighways.tn.gov.in |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230129092135/https://www.tnhighways.tn.gov.in/en/list-of-roads/national-highways|archive-date=2023-01-29|url-status=live}}</ref>
}}
'''National Highway 38''' ('''NH 38''') is a [[National Highway (India)|National Highway]] in [[India]]. This highway runs entirely in the state of Tamil Nadu.<ref name="renumber">{{cite web|url=http://dorth.gov.in/writereaddata/sublinkimages/finaldoc6143316640.pdf|title=Rationalisation of Numbering Systems of National Highways|publisher=[[Department of Road Transport and Highways]]|access-date=3 April 2012|location=New Delhi|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120331002823/http://www.morth.nic.in/writereaddata/sublinkimages/finaldoc6143316640.pdf|archive-date=31 March 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref>

[[File:Nh 38 in daylight.jpg|thumb|A portion of NH 38 near [[Thoothukudi]]]]

The National Highway NH-38 originates from [[Vellore]] and terminates at [[Thoothukudi]].<ref name="nh38 ref1">{{cite news |title=1360 km of Tamil Nadu roads made National Highways over last 18 months |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2019/feb/04/1360km-of-tn-roads-made-nhs-over-last-18-months-1933901.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190209034759/http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2019/feb/04/1360km-of-tn-roads-made-nhs-over-last-18-months-1933901.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=9 February 2019 |access-date=6 October 2021 |publisher=The New Indian Express |date=4 February 2019}}</ref> It passes through the major cities of Tamilnadu.<ref name="nh38 ref2">{{cite news |last1=Karthik |first1=Deepak |title=Road relaying begins on Chennai-Trichy NH {{!}} Trichy News - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/trichy/road-relaying-begins-on-chennai-trichy-nh/articleshow/69732079.cms |access-date=6 October 2021 |work=The Times of India |date=11 June 2019 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="nh38 ref4">{{cite news |title=PM to inaugurate, lay foundation stone of Rs 5,010-cr highway projects in Tamil Nadu |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/pm-to-inaugurate-lay-foundation-stone-of-rs-5010cr-highway-projects-in-tamil-nadu/1490420 |access-date=6 October 2021 |publisher=outlookindia.com |date=5 March 2019 |language=en}}</ref> The cities and towns includes ( from Vellore to Thoothukudi) [[Polur]], [[Tiruvannamalai]], [[Viluppuram|Villupuram]], [[Ulundurpettai]], [[Perambalur]], [[Tiruchirappalli|Trichy]], [[Melur]], [[Madurai]], [[Aruppukkottai|Aruppukottai]], [[Ettayapuram]].<ref name="nh38 ref3">{{cite news |title=Narendra Modi to lay foundation stones for National Highway projects worth Rs 5,010 cr in Tamil Nadu tomorrow |url=https://www.firstpost.com/india/narendra-modi-to-lay-foundation-stones-for-national-highway-projects-worth-rs-5010-cr-in-tamil-nadu-tomorrow-6201941.html |access-date=6 October 2021 |publisher=Firstpost |date=5 March 2019 |language=en}}</ref>

<ref>{{Cite web |title=National Highways in Tamil Nadu under the control of State NH |url=https://data.gov.in/files/ogdpv2dms/s3fs-public/datafile/hways_nhunderstatenh_0.csv |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230503134842/https://data.gov.in/files/ogdpv2dms/s3fs-public/datafile/hways_nhunderstatenh_0.csv |archive-date=2023-05-03 |website=Open Government Data |format=CSV |publication-date=2017-11-10}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://openstreetmap.org/browse/relation/3231116 NH 38 on OpenStreetMap]

{{Highways in India}}
{{IND NH38 sr}}

[[Category:National highways of India]]
[[Category:National highways in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Transport in Vellore]]
[[Category:Transport in Thoothukudi]]

{{India-NH-stub}}

Gopadi

2024-05-31T06:08:56Z

FerminDodson605: new redirect

#REDIRECT [[Kundapur]]

{{R cat shell|
{{R from related topic}}
}}

Damavaram

2024-05-14T04:16:59Z

FerminDodson605: Put up article

{{Short description|Village in Andhra Pradesh, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2019}}
{{one source|date=May 2024}}

'''Damavaram''' is a village in [[Nellore district]], [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[India]]. In a 2011 census it had a population of 2,817.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Damavaram Village Population - Dagadarthi - Sri Potti Sriramulu Nellore, Andhra Pradesh |url=https://www.census2011.co.in/data/village/591861-damavaram-andhra-pradesh.html |website=www.census2011.co.in}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{coord|14.702347|79.947142|display=title}}
{{Nellore district}}

[[Category:Villages in Nellore district]]

{{Nellore-geo-stub}}

Karinjeshwara Temple

2024-02-21T14:34:04Z

FerminDodson605:

{{short description|Temple in India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2017}}
{{Infobox Hindu temple
| name = Karinjeshwara Temple
| image = Karinjeshwara Temple.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Karinjeshwara Temple
| map_type = Karnataka
| map_caption = Location in Karnataka
| coordinates = {{coord|12.91420|75.05960|type:landmark_region:IN|display=inline,title}}
| state = [[Karnataka]]
| district = [[Dakshina Kannada]]
| locale = [[Bantwala]]
| elevation_m =
| deity = [[Shiva]], (Parvathi-Parameshwra)
| festivals = [[Maha Shivaratri]], Car festival, Shiva- Parvathi sammilan, Navaratri, Deepotsava, Sona samaradhane, Aati Amavasya
| architecture =
| temple_quantity =
| monument_quantity =
| inscriptions =
| year_completed = 1200 C.E.
| creator =
| website = {{url|https://rcmysore-portal.kar.nic.in/temples/KarinjeshwaraTemple/History.html/}}
}}

'''Sri Karinjeshwara Temple''' ([[Tulu language|Kannada ]]: ''ಕಾರಿಂಜೇಶ್ವರ'' ''Kārin̄jēśvara'') is Hindu Temple, a famous Lord Shiva temple located Karinja in [[Bantwala]] Taluk, Kavalamudur Village, [[Dakshina Kannada]], [[Karnataka]], India. This temple is situated on the peak of Karinja Hill, about 1000 feet above sea level in Kodyamale hills, Karinjeshwara.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.karnataka.com/mangalore/sri-karinja-karinjeshwara-temple/|title=Sri Karinjeshwara Temple, Karinja, Mangalore|date=25 January 2017}}</ref>

There are about 600 steps to reach this temple. This temple has two parts- one is lord [[Shiva]] is on the top of a cliff and the other is for the Goddess Parvati and Lord Ganesha in the middle of the way to the hill.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://rcmysore-portal.kar.nic.in/temples/KarinjeshwaraTemple/History.htm|title=Mahathobhara Shree Karinjeshwara Temple, Karinja, Bantwal, D.K|website=rcmysore-portal.kar.nic.in}}</ref> There are ponds named Gadha teertha at hill bottom, Ungusta theerta at hill middle.

==Karinja Dadda==
This Karinja hill is inhabited by simians (monkeys) and they are well revered here. Every day after noon a [[Naivedya]], or food offering (mainly of rice in this case), is placed on a special large rectangular stone platform in front of the Shiva temple where the monkeys feast the food.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://megamedianews.com/index.php/180598/the-gods-at-karinjeshwara-beckon-devotees-as-well-as-leisure-travellers/|title=The Gods at Karinjeshwara beckon devotees as well as leisure travellers | Mega Media News English}}</ref>

This specialty of offering to the monkey is called the Vanara(Monkey) anna(rice) Seva. The leader of congress of the simian group, generally called Karinja Dadda, takes the first bite.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category|Karinjeshwara Temple}}

{{Holy temples of coastal Karnataka}}
{{Hindu temples in Karnataka}}

[[Category:Hindu temples in Dakshina Kannada district]]
[[Category:Shiva temples in Karnataka]]

{{India-Hindu-temple-stub}}

Shirdhe

2023-08-22T05:35:21Z

FerminDodson605: Done...

{{short description|Village in Maharashtra}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name =Shirdhe
| other_name =Shiradhe
| settlement_type = Village
| pushpin_map = India Maharashtra#India
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Maharashtra, India
| coordinates = {{coord|18.8485027|N|73.4854752|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Maharashtra, India|Maharashtra]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Pune district|Pune]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Tehsil]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Mawal taluka|Mawal]]
| unit_pref = Metric


| elevation_m =
| area_total_ha = 565
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_footnotes =
| population_total = 394
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_note = [[Human sex ratio|Sex ratio]] 203 / 191 [[male|♂]]/[[female|♀]]
| population_demonym =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Marathi language|Marathi]]
| demographics1_title2 = Other spoken
| demographics1_info2 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type =
| postal_code =
| area_code_type = [[Telephone code]]
| area_code = 02114
| registration_plate =[[List of RTO districts in India#MH.E2.80.94Maharashtra|MH]]-14
| iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:IN|IN-MH]]
| blank1_name_sec2 =
| blank1_info_sec2 =
| governing_body = [[Gram panchayat]]
| government_type = [[Panchayati raj (India)|Panchayati Raj]]
| website = {{URL|pune.nic.in}}
| footnotes =
}}

'''Shirdhe''' is a village and [[gram panchayat]] in India, situated in the [[Mawal taluka]] of [[Pune district]] in the state of [[Maharashtra]]. It encompasses an area of {{cvt|565|ha|acre|0}}.<ref name="census2011"/>

==Administration==
The village is administrated by a [[sarpanch]], an elected representative who leads a gram panchayat. At the time of the [[2011 Census of India]], the village was the headquarters for the eponymous gram panchayat, which also governed the villages of [[Jambhavali]], [[Rakaswadi]], [[Somavadi]] and [[Thoran, Mawal|Thoran]].<ref>{{cite web |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190411165725/http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/27/2725_PART_A_DCHB_PUNE.pdf |archivedate=2019-04-11 |url=http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/27/2725_PART_A_DCHB_PUNE.pdf |page=1201 |title=Census of India 2011: Maharashtra: District Census Handbook Part A: Pune |publisher=Directorate of Census Operations |accessdate=2019-05-23}}</ref>

==Demographics==
At the 2011 census, the village comprised 67 households. The population of 394 was split between 203 males and 191 females.<ref name="census2011">{{cite web |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160311054952/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/2725_PART_B_DCHB_PUNE.pdf |archivedate=2016-03-11 |url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/2725_PART_B_DCHB_PUNE.pdf |page=402 |title=Census of India 2011: Maharashtra: District Census Handbook Part B: Pune |publisher=Directorate of Census Operations |accessdate=2019-05-19}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[List of villages in Mawal taluka]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Talukas in Pune district}}

[[Category:Villages in Mawal taluka]]
[[Category:Gram Panchayats in Pune district]]

{{Pune-geo-stub}}

Sibsankar Roy

2023-07-22T10:58:11Z

FerminDodson605: new redirect

#REDIRECT [[Sibsankar Roy (cricketer)]]

Orissa State Film Award for Best Documentary

2023-07-02T12:34:20Z

FerminDodson605: new redirect

#REDIRECT [[Odisha_State_Film_Awards#Odisha_State_Film_Award_for_Best_Documentary]]

{{R with history}}