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Budh Singh

2026-05-02T03:05:17Z

Ferdinand78P: Made New Biography

{{short description|Maharao Raja of Bundi (1696 – 1730)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2026}}
{{infobox royalty
| name = Budh Singh
| title = [[Maharao Raja]]
| succession = [[Maharao Raja]] of [[Bundi State|Bundi]]
| reign = {{circa|1696}} – {{circa|1730}}
| predecessor = Anirudh Singh
| successor = [[Dalel Singh (ruler)|Dalel Singh]]
| death_date = 26 April 1739
| death_place = [[Begun]]
| spouse = {{ubl|Amar Kanwar|Chundawatji}}
| issue = {{ubl|Padam Singh|Umaid Singh|Dip Singh}}
| father = Anirudh Singh
}}
'''Budh Singh''' was the [[Maharao Raja]] of [[Bundi State|Bundi]] from 1696 to 1730.

== Early life and family ==
He was born to Anirudh Singh.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /> He married twice: firstly, in 1708, to Amar Kanwar, daughter of [[Bishan Singh]], the [[Raja]] of [[Kingdom of Amber|Amber]], and a sister of [[Sawai Jai Singh|Jai Singh II]]; and secondly, to Chundawatji, daughter of the [[Thakur (title)|Thakur]] of [[Begun]].<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /> He had three sons: Padam Singh, Umaid Singh and Dip Singh.<ref name=":2" /> Amar Kanwar had a son, Bhawani Singh, in 1720, but in 1729 he denied that Bhawani was his son.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3">{{Cite book |last=Gupta |first=R. K. |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Dalit_Literature/DLQeSBLpUwsC |title=Dalit Literature: Our Response |last2=Bakshi |first2=S. R. |date=2012 |publisher=Sarup & Sons |isbn=978-81-7625-841-8 |pages=145–146 |language=en}}</ref>

== Reign ==
Upon the death of his father Anirudh Singh in 1696, he succeeded him as the [[Rao Raja]] of [[Bundi State|Bundi]].<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Soszynski |first=Henry |title=BUNDI |url=http://members.iinet.net.au/~royalty/ips/b/bundi.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170703190306/http://members.iinet.net.au/~royalty/ips/b/bundi.html |archive-date=2017-07-03 |access-date=2026-03-28 |website=members.iinet.net.au}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Tod |first=James |url=http://archive.org/details/annalsantiquitie03todj |title=Annals and antiquities of Rajasthan, or The central and western Rajput states of India |last2=Crooke |first2=William |date=1920 |publisher=London, New York : H. Milford, Oxford University Press |others=University of California Libraries |pages=1494–1497}}</ref> He served at [[Kabul]] with [[Bahadur Shah I]] when the latter was still a prince.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Dhoundiyal |first=B. n |url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.120820 |title=Gazetteer Of India Rajasthan Bundi |date=1964 |pages=42–46}}</ref> In 1707, when [[Aurangzeb]] died, a [[Mughal war of succession (1707–1709)|war of succession]] for the Mughal throne took place between his sons, in which Singh espoused the cause of [[Bahadur Shah I]].<ref name=":0" /> In the meanwhile, his younger brother Jodh Singh died, and Bahadur Shah I, considering this, asked him to repair to [[Bundi State|Bundi]] so that he could there partake in his brother's mourning rites and console his kin, but Singh declined, saying that his conscience does not permit him to leave the [[Mughal emperor|Emperor's]] side at this hour.<ref name=":0" /> Ram Singh of [[Kota state|Kotah]] asked him to desert the cause of Bahadur Shah I and join the side of [[Muhammad Azam Shah|Azam Shah]], which he declined.<ref name=":0" /> Following this he participated with Bahadur Shah I in the [[battle of Jajau]].<ref name=":0" /> Afterwards, in recognition of his conduct, courage and gallantry, Bahadur Shah I granted him the title of [[Maharao Raja]], the [[mansabdar]]i of haft-hazari, i.e. the command of 7,000 horse, 52 districts, and admitted him to his friendship, which Singh enjoyed until the Shah's death.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite book |last=Solomon |first=R. V. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=47sfj8DUwNgC |title=Indian States: A Biographical, Historical, and Administrative Survey |last2=Bond |first2=J. W. |date=2006 |publisher=Asian Educational Services |isbn=978-81-206-1965-4 |pages=154 |language=en}}</ref> Singh fell into a dispute with [[Sawai Jai Singh|Jai Singh]] when, in 1729, he said that Bhawani Singh, when an infant, was smuggled by Amar Kanwar into the palace and was declared as his son.<ref name=":3" /> Singh did that when Amar Kanwar was planning to have Bhawani married to a daughter of the then [[Maharana]] of [[Kingdom of Mewar|Udaipur]].<ref name=":3" /> [[Sawai Jai Singh|Jai]] protested against this attack on the reputation and integrity of his sister's virtue and asked Budh if Bhawani was not his son why he had not killed him when he first saw him, and accused him that he was only doing this so that his son from his other wife could succeed him.<ref name=":3" /> Singh denied these allegations and sent Jai a letter, in which he asked him to kill Bhawani, to exclude his issues from his other wives to succeed him, and that Jai could freely choose a successor for him by adoption.<ref name=":3" /> This letter was attested by many of his vassals and was later verified in front of the Maharana.<ref name=":3" /> Following which, Jai killed Bhawani.<ref name=":3" /> But later, when Jai asked him to adopt [[Dalel Singh (ruler)|Dalel Singh]], a son of Salim Singh of Karwar, and to hand his son from his Chundawat wife over to him, and he would leave him be, Singh refused.<ref name=":4">{{Cite book |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Encyclopaedia_Indica_Jai_Singh_Mughals_a/_gEwAQAAIAAJ |title=Encyclopaedia Indica: Jai Singh, Mughals and Marathas |date=1999 |publisher=Anmol Publications |isbn=978-81-7041-859-7 |pages=217–220 |language=en}}</ref> Following which, Jai killed told the reigning [[Mughal Emperor]] [[Muhammad Shah]] that Singh was an incompetent ruler and a drug addict and was incapable of performing his duties to the imperial throne.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":4" /> Hearing which, the Emperor granted [[Bundi State|Bundi]] to Jai's nominee, Dalel Singh.<ref name=":3" /> Thereupon in 1730, Jai removed Budh from the throne and installed Dalel Singh in his place.<ref name=":4" />

== Death ==
He died on 26 April 1739 at [[Begun]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Mathur |first=R. S. |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Relations_of_Hadas_with_Mughal_Emperors/kHYtAAAAMAAJ |title=Relations of Hadas with Mughal Emperors, 1568-1720 A.D. |date=1985 |publisher=Deputy Publications |pages=204 |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
<references />

[[Category:Year of birth unknown]]
[[Category:1739 deaths]]
[[Category:Maharajas of Bundi State]]
[[Category:Hindu monarchs]]
[[Category:18th-century Indian monarchs]]
[[Category:18th-century Mughal Empire people]]

Ratish Nanda

2026-04-23T11:02:22Z

Ferdinand78P: started new entry.

{{Use British English|date=August 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Ratish Nanda
| image = 
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1973|08|23}}<ref>{{cite web | title = 'We want freedom to innovate and experiment'|publisher=India Today | url = https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/nation/story/20100215-we-want-freedom-to-innovate-and-experiment-741977-2010-02-03 |date= 4 February 2010|access-date = 26 November 2013 }}</ref>
| birth_place = Delhi, India
| death_date = 
| death_place =
| occupation = [[conservation architect]], Projects Director [[Aga Khan Trust for Culture]], India
| known_for = Conservation of Humayun's Tomb (1999–2013)

}}

'''Ratish Nanda''' (born 23 August 1973) is a noted Indian [[conservation architect]],<ref name=bs/> who is the Projects Director of [[Aga Khan Trust for Culture]], India.<ref>{{cite web | title = Ratish Nanda, Director of Aga Khan Trust for Culture, India|publisher= Aga Khan Foundation Canada| url = http://www.akfc.ca/events/past-events/225-ratish-nanda-director-of-aga-khan-trust-for-culture-india.html#| accessdate = 25 November 2013}}</ref>

He presently heads a multi-disciplinary team implementing the Nizamuddin Urban Renewal Initiative in Delhi – a project with distinct conservation, environmental development and socio-development components and the conservation initiative in the Quli Qutb Shah Heritage Park in Hyderabad.

He headed the team that oversaw the garden restoration work at [[Humayun's Tomb]] in Delhi completed in March 2003. This was also the first privately funded restoration of a [[World Heritage sites in India|World Heritage Site in India]], undertaken by the Aga Khan Trust for Culture (AKTC) and the [[Archaeological Survey of India]] (ASI), under the National Culture Fund.

In 2007, Nanda was awarded the [[Eisenhower Fellowship]].<ref>{{cite web| title =Indian Fellow Visited By U.S. President Obama|publisher= Eisenhower Fellowships| url = http://www.efworld.org/news/newsarchive/10/1210.php|date=28 December 2010|accessdate = 25 November 2013}}</ref>

==Early life and background==
Nanda was born and brought up in Delhi, where he studied at [[Modern School (New Delhi)|Modern School]] and subsequently did his BA from the TVB School of Habitat Studies, Delhi. His thesis for the course was on the renewal of historic urban villages in Delhi, and drew upon the work of [[Patrick Geddes]] (1854–1932), Scottish architect and urban planner who also spent time in India. This earned Nanda a Gold Medal at the institution in 1995.<ref>
{{cite web| title = Another string to his bow |publisher= The Herald, Scotland| url = http://www.heraldscotland.com/sport/spl/aberdeen/another-string-to-his-bow-1.348670|date= 30 March 1998| accessdate = 26 November 2013}}</ref> This was followed by an MA in Conservation Studies from the [[University of York]] in 1998.<ref name=bs>{{cite web | title = Lunch with BS: Ratish Nanda |publisher= Business Standard| url = http://www.business-standard.com/article/opinion/lunch-with-bs-ratish-nanda-111100400015_1.html |date=4 October 2011| accessdate = 25 November 2013}}</ref><ref name=arch>{{cite web | title = Biography for Ratish Nanda | url = http://archnet.org/shared/biography-one.jsp?user_id=3818&public_p=0 | publisher = ArchNet.org | accessdate = 25 November 2013 | url-status = dead | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20131203005630/http://archnet.org/shared/biography-one.jsp?user_id=3818&public_p=0 | archivedate = 3 December 2013 | df = dmy-all }}</ref>
Ratish Nanda married journalist Mandira Nayar, granddaughter of Kuldip Nayar, in 2004

==Career==

He started his career in 1992, working as a research assistant to Shakeel Hossain for his research on Ritual Architecture and Urbanity of Muharram in India. From 1995 onwards, he compiled the list of heritage buildings of Delhi published by INTACH in two volumes titled Delhi, the Built Heritage. The volumes were released by the Prime Minister of India.

He completed an MA is Historic Building Conservation from the [[Institute of Advanced Architectural Studies]] at the University of York in 1998 following which he worked with Edinburgh architect Benjamin Tindall, and then with [[Historic Scotland]], an agency of the [[Scottish Government]] based in [[Edinburgh]].<ref>{{cite web| title = Ideas man is a hard act to follow |publisher= The Herald, Scotland | url = http://www.heraldscotland.com/sport/spl/aberdeen/ideas-man-is-a-hard-act-to-follow-1.294641|date=27 April 1999| accessdate = 26 November 2013}}</ref> After working there for a year, he returned to India and joined Aga Khan Trust for Culture in 1999.<ref name=arch/> With AKTC, he started with the restoration of the gardens around the 16th-century Humayun's Tomb of [[Mughal Emperor]], [[Humayun]], (1999–2003) followed by restoration work at [[Bagh-e Babur]], the garden around the tomb of [[Babur]], the 15th-century founder of [[Mughal Empire]] in [[Kabul]], Afghanistan (2003–06).<ref name=arch/>

In 2007, the restoration work at Humayun's Tomb was also started, partly funded by [[Sir Dorabji Tata Trust]], in partnership with the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI). Along with it an Urban Renewal project of surrounding 300 acres area was also started, this included [[Nizamuddin West|Nizamuddin Basti]] and [[Chausath Khamba]] complex<ref>{{cite web | title = 'Humayun's Tomb has been restored the Indian way'|publisher=Indian Express | url = http://www.mid-day.com/news/2013/sep/290913-humayuns-tomb-has-been-restored-the-indian-way.htm |date=29 September 2013| accessdate = 25 November 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| title = Germany for conservation of Chausath Khambha in Nizamuddin|publisher=German Missions in India| url = http://www.india.diplo.de/Vertretung/indien/en/__pr/Embassy__Events/Chausath-Khamba.html| accessdate = 26 November 2013}}</ref> which included ''Mazar-e-Ghalib'', the tomb complex of poet [[Mirza Ghalib]] in Nizamuddin Basti.<ref>{{cite web | title = Ghalib's mazar to come alive again with mushairas – Indian Express | url = http://www.indianexpress.com/news/ghalibs-mazar-to-come-alive-again-with-mushairas/574782/0 |date=3 February 2010| accessdate = 26 November 2013 }}</ref>

Ongoing projects with AKTC include the landscaping of [[Sunder Nursery]] area spread over a 40-hectare (100-acre), close to Humayun's Tomb,<ref>{{cite web | title = Ratish Nanda plans on creating huge new park in Delhi |publisher=CNN-IBN| url = http://ibnlive.in.com/news/ratish-nanda-plans-on-creating-huge-new-park-in-delhi/417281-3-244.html | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130826073027/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/ratish-nanda-plans-on-creating-huge-new-park-in-delhi/417281-3-244.html | url-status = dead | archive-date = 26 August 2013 |date=26 August 2013|accessdate = 25 November 2013 }}</ref> and 16th-century [[Qutb Shahi Tombs]] near [[Golkonda Fort]] in Hyderabad, India.<ref>{{cite web | title = What lies under the Qutb Shahi tombs? |publisher= The New Indian Express| url = http://newindianexpress.com/cities/hyderabad/What-lies-under-the-Qutb-Shahi-tombs/2013/10/28/article1858926.ece| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131030074657/http://newindianexpress.com/cities/hyderabad/What-lies-under-the-Qutb-Shahi-tombs/2013/10/28/article1858926.ece| url-status = dead| archive-date = 30 October 2013|date=28 October 2013| accessdate = 26 November 2013}}</ref>
In 2011, he co-authored, ''Delhi: Red Fort to Raisina'' published by Roli Books, a book about over 600 years of architectural heritage of Delhi, with [[Salman Khurshid]] and [[Malvika Singh]].<ref>{{cite web | title = City of stories|publisher=The Telegraph | url = http://www.telegraphindia.com/1111216/jsp/opinion/story_14880021.jsp#.UpQ8EdJQE2Q| archive-url = https://archive.today/20131126062708/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1111216/jsp/opinion/story_14880021.jsp%23.UpQ8EdJQE2Q| url-status = dead| archive-date = 26 November 2013|date=16 December 2011| accessdate = 26 November 2013}}</ref>

He has been associated with [[INTACH]], Delhi Chapter and member of the Delhi Urban Arts Commission (DUAC) (2008–11).<ref name=arch/> He was awarded the [[Eisenhower Fellowship]] in 2007.<ref>{{cite web | title = Indian Fellow to Present Lecture in Washington D.C.|publisher=Eisenhower Fellowships| url = http://www.efworld.org/news/newsarchive/10/0410.php | accessdate = 26 November 2013}}</ref>

==Bibliography==
* {{cite book|author1=Narayani Gupta|author2=O. P. Jain|author3=Ratish Nanda|title=Delhi, the built heritage: a listing|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oaHpAAAAMAAJ|year=1999|publisher=INTACH, Delhi Chapter|isbn=978-81-900281-9-6}}
* {{cite book|author1=Ingval Maxwell|author2=Ratish Nanda|author3=Dennis Urquhart|title=Conservation of Historic Graveyards|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=T02GGQAACAAJ|year=2001|publisher=Historic Scotland|isbn=978-1-900168-74-8}}
* {{cite book|author1=Ratish Nanda|title=The Central Axis Reconstruction: Baghe Babur, Kabul, Afghanistan|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4k3UXwAACAAJ|year=2005|publisher=Aga Khan Trust for Culture}}
* {{cite book|author1=Salman Khurshid |author2=Ratish Nanda |author3=Malvika Singh |title=Delhi: Red Fort to Raisina|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vhZRtwAACAAJ|year=2012|publisher=Roli Books|isbn=978-81-7436-861-4}}

== References ==
{{Reflist|2}}

==External links==
* [http://www.akdn.org/aktc.asp Aga Khan Trust for Culture (AKTC), website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140331192106/http://www.akdn.org/aktc.asp |date=31 March 2014 }}
* [https://archive.today/20131125122529/http://www.nizamuddinrenewal.org/humayuntomb/start.html Nizamuddin Renewal, website]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Nanda, Ratish}}
[[Category:20th-century Indian architects]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Artists from Delhi]]
[[Category:Alumni of the University of York]]
[[Category:Conservation architects]]
[[Category:Indian architecture writers]]
[[Category:1974 births]]
[[Category:People from Delhi]]

Suchitra Sinha

2026-04-21T13:26:10Z

Ferdinand78P: Put up a article from scratch!

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name =
| image = File:Suchitra Sinha.jpg
| birth_date =
| death_date =
| death_place =
| office = Member of [[Bihar Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start = 2005
| term_end = 2010
| office1 = Minister for Food and Consumer Conservation, [[Government of Bihar]]
| term_start1 = 2005
| term_end1 = 2008
| predecessor = [[Shiv Bachan Yadav|Shivbachan Yadav]]
| successor = [[Satyadev Kushwaha]]
| constituency = [[Kurtha Assembly constituency|Kurtha]]
| spouse = [[Nagmani Kushwaha|Nagmani]]
| children =
}}
'''Suchitra Sinha''' is an Indian politician and a former member of [[Bihar Legislative Assembly]] from [[Kurtha Assembly constituency]]. Sinha was elected to Bihar Legislative Assembly in 2005 on the symbol of [[Lok Janshakti Party]]. In the re-election conducted same year, she was again elected, but this time on the symbol of [[Janata Dal (United)]]. She has also served as a minister in [[Government of Bihar]]. Sinha belongs to a political family of Bihar. Her father, [[Satish Prasad Singh]] was a former [[Chief Minister]] of Bihar and her father-in-law [[Jagdeo Prasad]] was a former Deputy Chief Minister for a short term in Satish Prasad Singh ministry.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bhaskar.com/bihar/patna/news/former-central-minister-nagmani-joined-jdu-01515527.html|title=Former minister Nagamani joins JDU|website=Dainik Bhaskar|accessdate=22 October 2023|archive-date=15 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190615094100/https://www.bhaskar.com/bihar/patna/news/former-central-minister-nagmani-joined-jdu-01515527.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/this-nagmani-is-very-funny/articleshow/6534460.cms|title=This Nagmani is very funny|website=Times of India|date=11 September 2010 |accessdate=22 October 2023|archive-date=16 August 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230816194748/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/this-nagmani-is-very-funny/articleshow/6534460.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> Sinha was the Minister for Food and Consumer Conservation in Nitish Kumar government from 2005 to 2008.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/latest-headlines/story/nitish-drops-eight-jdu-ministers-24426-2008-04-13|title=Nitish drops 8 JDU ministers|website=India Today|date=13 April 2008 |accessdate=22 October 2023|archive-date=2022-04-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407004013/https://www.indiatoday.in/latest-headlines/story/nitish-drops-eight-jdu-ministers-24426-2008-04-13|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Political career==
Sinha stepped in politics in the year 2005. In the February 2005 Bihar Legislative Assembly elections, she contested on the symbol of [[Lok Janshakti Party]]. She was victorious but political situation in state of Bihar in 2005 resulted in a re-election in the month of October the same year. Sinha got the symbol of [[Janata Dal (United)]] and retained the Kurtha Assembly constituency once again. She was made a minister in Government of Bihar and was allowed to continue in this office till 2008. It is opined by political analysts of the Bihar that it was her husband [[Nagmani Kushwaha|Nagmani]], who directed her political career. In 2008, Nagmani let her resign from the ministerial berth and replaced her as minister in Nitish Kumar government. It is believed that he wanted her to contest the [[Lok Sabha]] elections. In the meantime Janata Dal United denied her their symbol for the Lok Sabha polls and Nagmani resigned from the JDU. Sinha continued to remain the member of JDU till the end of her term in 2010.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections-east/bihar/story/couples-in-coalition-alliances-made-in-heaven-42776-2009-03-25|title=Couples in coalition: Alliances made in heaven|website=India Today|date=26 March 2009 |accessdate=22 October 2023|archive-date=2023-10-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231022173821/https://www.indiatoday.in/elections-east/bihar/story/couples-in-coalition-alliances-made-in-heaven-42776-2009-03-25|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/bihar-nagmani-a-record-holder-in-political-somersaults/articleshow/31641122.cms|title=Nagmani a record holder in political summersaults|website=Times of India|date=8 March 2014 |accessdate=22 October 2023|archive-date=29 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180729153056/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Bihar-Nagmani-a-record-holder-in-political-somersaults/articleshow/31641122.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>

When Nagmani founded his [[Samras Samaj Party]], Sinha was made the president of women wing of the party.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.jagran.com/bihar/darbhanga-12608964.html|title=नागमणि की पार्टी ने की प्रत्याशी की घोषणा|website=Dainik Jagran|access-date=22 October 2023|archive-date=22 October 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231022173821/https://www.jagran.com/lite/bihar/darbhanga-12608964.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Before 2015 Bihar Legislative Assembly elections, Sinha was a part of Nagmani's party (Samras Samaj Party) and a member of third front, a coalition of political parties like [[Samajwadi Party]] and [[Jan Adhikar Party (Loktantrik)]], having minimal presence in the state. After Nagmani's Samras Samaj Party quit the third front and announced its support to Grand Alliance of [[Janata Dal (United)]] and [[Rashtriya Janata Dal]], Sinha was fielded as the candidate of Samras Samaj Party from [[Morwa Assembly constituency]] of [[Samastipur district]]. She suffered defeat in the 2015 Assembly elections.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/elections/nagmani-s-ssp-quits-third-front-to-back-lalu-nitish-alliance-115102400530_1.html|title=Nagmani's SSP quit third front announced support to Lalu Nitish alliance|website=Business Standard|accessdate=22 October 2023|archive-date=16 July 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160716233324/http://www.business-standard.com/article/elections/nagmani-s-ssp-quits-third-front-to-back-lalu-nitish-alliance-115102400530_1.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.oneindia.com/morwa-assembly-elections-br-135/|title=Morwa Assembly constituency election history|website=One India|accessdate=22 October 2023|archive-date=4 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230304172450/https://www.oneindia.com/morwa-assembly-elections-br-135/|url-status=live}}</ref>

She again contested in 2020 Bihar Legislative Assembly elections from the Kurtha Assembly constituency, which has been a traditional seat of her family, represented earlier by her father-in-law and husband. This time she contested on the symbol of Bharatiya Sab Log Party. She, however, lost to [[Bagi Kumar Verma]] of Rashtriya Janata Dal.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://hindi.news18.com/assembly-election-2020/bihar-chunav/suchitra-sinha-s04a215c13-bhartiya-sablog-party-profile/|title=Suchitra Sinha Candidate|website=News18|accessdate=22 October 2023|archive-date=22 October 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231022173823/https://hindi.news18.com/assembly-election-2020/bihar-chunav/suchitra-sinha-s04a215c13-bhartiya-sablog-party-profile/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.amarujala.com/election/vidhan-sabha-elections/bihar/candidates/suchitra-sinha-bhartiya-sablog-party-2020-kurtha-215-bihar|title=Suchitra Sinha Candidate|website=Amarujala|accessdate=22 October 2023|archive-date=22 October 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231022173821/https://www.amarujala.com/election/vidhan-sabha-elections/bihar/candidates/suchitra-sinha-bhartiya-sablog-party-2020-kurtha-215-bihar|url-status=live}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[Suryadev Singh]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Bihar MLAs 2005–2010]]
[[Category:Lok Janshakti Party politicians]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian women politicians]]
[[Category:Janata Dal (United) politicians]]
[[Category:People from Jehanabad district]]
[[Category:People from Patna]]
[[Category:State cabinet ministers of Bihar]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Living people]]

Chhindwara Lok Sabha constituency

2026-04-19T08:57:35Z

Ferdinand78P: Made A Post

{{Short description|Lok Sabha constituency in Madhya Pradesh, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Chhindwara
| type = LS
| constituency_no =
| map_image = {{Maplink|frame=yes|plain=y|frame-width=300|frame-height=300|frame-align=right|type=shape|from=Lok Sabha constituencies/2019/Madhya Pradesh/Chhindwara.map}}
| map_caption = Interactive Map Outlining Chhindwara Lok Sabha constituency
| established = [[Indian general election, 1951–52|1951]]
| party = [[BJP]]
| mp = [[Vivek Kumar Sahu|Vivek Kumar Sahu (Bunty)]]
| latest_election_year = [[2024 Indian general election|2024]]
| state = [[Madhya Pradesh]]
| electors = 16,32,190<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://elections24.eci.gov.in/docs/WYKXFehhEH.pdf |title=Press Note |author= |date=25 May 2024 |website=Election Commission of India |access-date=11 December 2024}}</ref>
| reservation = None
| assembly_cons = [[Junnardeo (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Junnardeo]] [[Amarwara (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Amarwara]] [[Chourai (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Chourai]] [[Saunsar (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Saunsar]] [[Chhindwara (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Chhindwara]] [[Parasia (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Parasia]] [[Pandhurna (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Pandhurna]]
}}
'''Chhindwara''' is one of the 29 [[Lok Sabha]] constituencies in [[Madhya Pradesh]] state in [[Central India]]. This constituency came into existence in 1951, and it presently covers the entire [[Chhindwara district]] and [[Pandhurna district]].

==Assembly segments==
Most Lok Sabha seats in MP and Chhattisgarh, with few seats like Durg (which has nine assembly segments under it) being exceptions, have 8 assembly seats as their segments. This seat is among the exceptions. Chhindwara and Satna have 7 assembly segments under them. Chhindwara Lok Sabha constituency comprises the following seven [[Vidhan Sabha]] (Legislative Assembly) segments:
{| class="wikitable"
!#
!Name
!District
!Member
! colspan="2" |Party
! colspan="2" |2024 Lead
|-
|122
|[[Junnardeo Assembly constituency|Junnardeo]] (ST)
| rowspan="7" |[[Chhindwara district|Chhindwara]]
|Sunil Uikey
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=7}}
|-
|123
|[[Amarwara Assembly constituency|Amarwara]] (ST)
|[[Kamlesh Shah]]
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|124
|[[Chourai Assembly constituency|Chourai]]
|Chaudhry Sujit
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=5}}
|-
|125
|[[Saunsar Assembly constituency|Sausar]]
|Vijay Revanth Chore
|-
|126
|[[Chhindwara Assembly constituency|Chhindwara]]
|[[Kamal Nath]]
|-
|127
|[[Parasia Assembly constituency|Parasiya]] (SC)
|Sohanlal Balmik
|-
|128
|[[Pandhurna Assembly constituency|Pandhurna]] (ST)
|Neelesh Uikey
|-
|}

== Members of Parliament ==
{{Pie chart
| caption = [[Indian National Congress]] is the most successful political party in [[Chhindwara (Lok Sabha constituency)|Chhindwara]] Lok Sabha elections.
| value1 = 84.21
| label1 = [[Indian National Congress|'''INC''']] (16 terms)
| color1 = {{party color|Indian National Congress}}
| value2 = 10.53
| label2 = [[Bharatiya Janata Party|'''BJP''']] (2 terms)
| color2 = {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| value3 = 5.26
| label3 = [[Indian National Congress (I)|'''INC (I)''']] (1 term)
| color3 = #0ef4e1
}}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year
! Member
! colspan="2" |Party
|-
|[[1951–52 Indian general election|1952]]
|[[Raichandbhai Shah]]
| rowspan="6" style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
| rowspan="6" |[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|[[1957 Indian general election|1957]]
| rowspan="2" |Bhikulal Chandak
|-
|[[1962 Indian general election|1962]]
|-
|[[1967 Indian general election|1967]]
| rowspan="3" |[[Gargi Shankar Mishra]]
|-
|[[1971 Indian general election|1971]]
|-
|[[1977 Indian general election|1977]]
|-
|[[1980 Indian general election|1980]]
| rowspan="4" |[[Kamal Nath]]
|style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress (I)}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress (I)]]
|-
|[[1984 Indian general election|1984]]
| rowspan="4" style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
| rowspan="4" |[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|[[1989 Indian general election|1989]]
|-
|[[1991 Indian general election|1991]]
|-
|[[1996 Indian general election|1996]]
|[[Alka Nath]]
|-
|1997^
|[[Sunder Lal Patwa]]
|style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|[[1998 Indian general election|1998]]
| rowspan="5" |[[Kamal Nath]]
| rowspan="6" style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
| rowspan="6" |[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|[[1999 Indian general election|1999]]
|-
|[[2004 Indian general election|2004]]
|-
|[[2009 Indian general election|2009]]
|-
|[[2014 Indian general election|2014]]
|-
|[[2019 Indian general election|2019]]
|[[Nakul Nath]]
|-
|[[2024 Indian general election|2024]]
|[[Vivek Kumar Sahu]]
|style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|}
^ by poll

==Election results==
===2024===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2024 Indian general election]]: [[Chhindwara]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Chhindwara Constituency Lok Sabha Election Results 2024 |url=https://www.brutimes.com/news/politics/chhindwara-constituency-lok-sabha-election-results-2024 |website=Bru Times News |language=en}}</ref><ref name="2024 Loksabha Elections Results - Chhindwara">{{cite news |title=2024 Loksabha Elections Results - Chhindwara |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/PcResultGenJune2024/candidateswise-S1216.htm |access-date=30 September 2024 |date=4 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240930151919/https://results.eci.gov.in/PcResultGenJune2024/candidateswise-S1216.htm |archive-date=30 September 2024}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[Vivek Kumar Sahu|Vivek Bunty Sahu]]
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = 6,44,738
|percentage = 49.41
|change = +5.36
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[Nakul Nath]]
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = 5,31,120
|percentage = 40.70
|change = -6.34
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Deviram Bhalavi
|party = Gondwana Ganatantra Party
|votes = 55,988
|percentage = 4.29
|change = +4.09
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = None of the above
|candidate = None of the above
|votes = 9,903
|percentage = 0.76
|change = -0.87
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 1,13,618
|percentage = 8.71
|change = +5.70
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 13,04,827
|percentage = 79.83
|change = -2.59
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}
{{notelist}}

===2019===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2019 Indian general elections]]: Chhindwara}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = [[Nakul Nath]]
|votes = 5,47,305
|percentage = 47.06
|change = -3.48
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Nathan Shah
|votes = 5,09,769
|percentage = 44.05
|change = +4.04
}}
{{Election box candidate|
|party = ABGP
|candidate = Manmohan Shah Batti
|votes = 35,968
|percentage = 2.88
|change = new
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Gyaneshwar Gajbhiye
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|votes = 14,275
|percentage = 1.14
|change = +0.03
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Rajkumar Saryam
|party = Gondwana Ganatantra Party
|votes = 4,706
|percentage = 0.38
|change = -1.93
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[None of the Above]]
|party = None of the above
|votes = 20,324
|percentage = 1.63
|change = -0.67
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 37,536
|percentage = 3.00
|change = -7.53
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 12,48,478
|percentage = 82.42
|change = +3.43
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Indian National Congress
|swing = -7.53
}}
{{Election box end}}
<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://results.eci.gov.in/pc/en/constituencywise/ConstituencywiseS1216.htm?ac=16|title=General Election 2019 - Election Commission of India|website=results.eci.gov.in|access-date=2019-05-23}}</ref>

===2014 Indian general election===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2014 Indian general elections]]: [[Chhindwara]]}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = [[Kamal Nath]]
|votes = 5,59,755
|percentage = 50.54
|change = +1.13
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Chandrabhan Singh Chaudhary|Ch. Chandrabhan Kuber Singh]]
|votes = 4,43,218
|percentage = 40.01
|change = +5.22
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Pardeshi Hartapshah Tirgam
|party = Gondwana Ganatantra Party
|votes = 25,628
|percentage = 2.31
|change = new
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Sitaram Sareyam
|party = Independent (politician)
|votes = 12,762
|percentage = 1.15
|change = new
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Nitin Kumar Sahu
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|votes = 12,241
|percentage = 1.11
|change = -0.08
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[None of the Above]]
|party = None of the above
|votes = 25,499
|percentage = 2.30
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 1,16,537
|percentage = 10.53
|change = -4.09
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 11,07,498
|percentage = 78.99
|change = +7.14
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Indian National Congress
|swing = -2.04
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2009 Indian general election===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2009 Indian general elections]]: [[Chhindwara]] }}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[Kamal Nath]]
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = 4,09,736
|percentage = 49.41
|change = +8.52
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Marot Rao Khavase
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = 2,88,516
|percentage = 34.79
|change = +2.34
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Manmohan Shah Batti
|votes = 27,414
|percentage = 3.31
|change = new
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Tulsiram Suryawanshi
|party = Independent (politician)
|votes = 21,211
|percentage = 2.56
|change = new
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Rao Saheb Shinde
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|votes = 9,880
|percentage = 1.19
|change = new
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 1,21,220
|percentage = 14.62
|change = +6.18
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 8,29,294
|percentage = 71.85
|change = +5.93
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2004 Indian general election===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2004 Indian general elections]]: [[Chhindwara]] }}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[Kamal Nath]]
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = 3,08,563
|percentage = 40.89
|change = -23.09
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[Prahlad Singh Patel]]|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|votes=2,44,855|percentage=32.45|change=-1.3}}
{{Election box majority||votes=63,708|percentage=8.44|change=-21.26}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=7,52,439|percentage=65.92|change=+5.61}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===1999 Indian general election===
{{Election box begin | title=[[1999 Indian general election]]: [[Chhindwara]] }}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[Kamal Nath]]
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = 3,99,904
|percentage = 63.98
|change = +6.88
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Santosh Jain|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|votes=2,10,976|percentage=33.75|change=-1.75}}
{{Election box majority||votes=1,88,928|percentage=29.7|change=+8.1}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=6,36,741|percentage=60.31|change=-10.20}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===1998 Indian general election===
{{Election box begin | title=[[1998 Indian general election]]: [[Chhindwara]] }}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[Kamal Nath]]
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = 4,06,249
|percentage = 57.1
|change = +11.35
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[Sunder Lal Patwa]]|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|votes=2,52,851|percentage=35.5|change=-15.87}}
{{Election box majority||votes=153,398|percentage=21.6|change=+15.98}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=|percentage=70.51|change=+3.22}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Indian National Congress
|loser = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===By election, 1997===
{{Election box begin | title=By Election, 1997: Chhindwara}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[Sunder Lal Patwa]]
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = 3,44,302
|percentage = 51.37
|change = +11.37
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[Kamal Nath]]
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = 3,06,622
|percentage = 45.75
|change = +2.61
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = I. S. Chauhan
|party = Janata Party
|votes = 4,151
|percentage = 0.62
|change = new
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Vijay Singh Baghel
|party = Independent (politician)
|votes = 3,210
|percentage = 0.48
|change = new
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Dilip Parsram
|party = Independent (politician)
|votes = 2,972
|percentage = 0.44
|change = new
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 37,680
|percentage = 5.62
|change = +2.48
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 6,70,220
|percentage = 67.29
|change = +3.2
}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===1996 Indian general election===
{{Election box begin | title=[[1996 Indian general election]]: Chhindwara }}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[Alka Nath]]
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = 2,81,414
|percentage = 43.14
|change = -12.84
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[Chandrabhan Singh Chaudhary]]
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = 2,60,032
|percentage = 40
|change = +4.81
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 21,382
|percentage = 3.14
|change = -17.65
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes =
|percentage = 64.09
|change = +17.47
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===1991 Indian general election===
{{Election box begin | title=[[1991 Indian general election]]: Chhindwara}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[Kamal Nath]]
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = 2,14,456
|percentage = 55.98
|change = +5.84
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[Chandrabhan Singh Chaudhary]]
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = 1,34,824
|percentage = 35.19
|change = new
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 79,632
|percentage = 20.79
|change = +11.3
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes =
|percentage = 46.62
|change = -6.79
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===1989 Indian general election===
{{Election box begin | title=[[1989 Indian general election]]: Chhindwara }}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[Kamal Nath]]
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = 2,11,799
|percentage = 50.14
|change = -16.97
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Madhav Lal Dube
|party = Janata Dal
|votes = 1,71,695
|percentage = 40.65
|change = new
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 40,104
|percentage = 9.49
|change = -34.51
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes =
|percentage = 53.41
|change = 4.41
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===1984 Indian general election===
{{Election box begin | title=[[1984 Indian general election]]: Chhindwara}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[Kamal Nath]]
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = 2,34,846
|percentage = 67.17
|change = +15.58
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Batra Ram Kishan
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = 81,021
|percentage = 23.17
|change = new
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 153,825
|percentage = 44
|change = -20.7
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes =
|percentage = 57.82
|change = +4.92
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===1980 Indian general election===
{{Election box begin | title=[[1980 Indian general election]]: Chhindwara }}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[Kamal Nath]]
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = 1,47,779
|percentage = 51.59
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Pratul Chandra Dwivedi|party=Janata Party|votes=77,648|percentage=27.11|change=N/A}}
{{Election box majority||votes=70,131|percentage=23.3|change=N/A}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=3,00,998|percentage=52.9|change=N/A}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[Chhindwara district]]
* [[List of constituencies of the Lok Sabha]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Lok Sabha constituencies of Madhya Pradesh}}

{{coord|22.07|78.93|display=title}}

[[Category:Lok Sabha constituencies in Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Chhindwara district]]

Vidisha Assembly constituency

2026-04-15T23:02:49Z

Ferdinand78P: Put up basic article first draft!

{{Short description|Constituency of the Madhya Pradesh legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2018}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Vidisha
| type = SLA
| constituency_no = 144
| map_image = 144-Vidisha.svg
| mla = [[Mukesh Tandan]]
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| latest_election_year = [[2023 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
| preceded_by = Shashank Bhargava
| state = [[Madhya Pradesh]]
| district = [[Vidisha district|Vidisha]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Vidisha Lok Sabha constituency|Vidisha]]
| established = 1957
| reservation = None
| electors = {{formatnum:203390}}<ref name="election2018"/>
}}

'''Vidisha Assembly constituency''' Vidhan Sabha seat is one of the 230 Vidhan Sabha<ref name="election2014">{{cite web|title=Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly|url=http://legislativebodiesinindia.gov.in/States/madhya%20pradesh/madhya-w.htm|access-date=27 December 2014}}</ref> (Legislative Assembly) constituencies of Madhya Pradesh state in central India. This constituency came into existence in 1957, as one of the Vidhan Sabha constituencies of Madhya Pradesh state. Presently INC's Shashank Bhargava is the MLA from this constituency. He was preceded by Kalyan Singh Thakur in 2014 when the [[by-election]] for this seat was held in 2014 after CM of Madhya Pradesh [[Shivraj Singh Chouhan]] resigned from this constituency post registering victory at two seats [[Budhni]] and [[Vidisha]] Assembly constituency.

==Overview==

Vidisha (constituency number 144) is one of the 5 Vidhan Sabha constituencies located in Vidisha district. This constituency presently covers the entire Vidisha tehsil of the district with 141, and entire Gulabganj tehsil's 75 villages.

It is a segment of [[Vidisha (Lok Sabha constituency)]] along with seven other Vidhan Sabha segments namely [[Basoda]] in [[Vidisha district]]; [[Bhojpur, Madhya Pradesh|Bhojpur]], [[Sanchi]] and [[Silwani tehsil|Silwani]] in [[Raisen district]]; [[Budhni]], [[Ichhawar]] in [[Sehore District]]; [[Khategaon]] in [[Dewas district]].

==Members of Legislative Assembly==

{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Year
!Name
!colspan=2|Party
|-
| [[1957 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1957]]
| [[Hiralal Pippal]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1962 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1962]]
| Gore Lal
| {{Full party name with color|Hindu Mahasabha}}
|-
| [[1967 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
| S. Singh
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Jana Sangh}}
|-
| [[1972 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1972]]
| Surya Prakash
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1977 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1977]]
| Narsinghdas Goyal
| {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}
|-
| [[1980 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1980]]
|rowspan='4'| Mohar Singh Thakur
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=9}}
|-
| [[1985 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1985]]
|-
| [[1990 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1990]]
|-
| [[1993 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1993]]
|-
| [[1998 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1998]]
| Sushila Devi Thakur
|-
| [[2003 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2003]]
| Gurucharan Singh
|-
| [[2008 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2008]]
| [[Raghavji|Raghav Ji]]
|-
|| [[2013 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2013]]
|[[Shivraj Singh Chouhan]]
|-
| 2013^
| [[Kalyan Singh Thakur]]
|-
| [[2018 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2018]]
| Shashank Bhargava<ref name="election2018"/>
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[2023 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
| [[Mukesh Tandan]]
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|}

*By-Poll

==Election results==
=== 2023 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2023 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Vidisha<ref name="election2023">{{Cite web |title=Madhya Pradesh General Legislative Election 2023 Statistical Report |url=https://www.eci.gov.in/mp-legislative-election-2023-statistical-report |website=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|candidate = [[Mukesh Tandan]]
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = {{formatnum:99246}}
|percentage = 56.31
|change = +13.9
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Shashank Bhargava
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = {{formatnum:72436}}
|percentage = 41.1
|change = -11.41
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:1323}}
|percentage = 0.75
|change = -0.23
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:26810}}
|percentage = 15.21
|change = +5.11
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:176250}}
|percentage = 77.96
|change = +2.74
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2018 ===
{{Election box begin | title= [[2018 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Vidisha<ref name=election2018>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/9685-madhya-pradesh-legislative-election-2018-statistical-report/ |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2018 to the Legislative Assembly of Madhya Pradesh |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |accessdate=30 September 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|candidate = Shashank Bhargava
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = {{formatnum:80332}}
|percentage = 52.51
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Mukesh Tandon
|votes = {{formatnum:64878}}
|percentage = 42.41
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Sapaks Party
|candidate = Rakesh Sharma
|votes = {{formatnum:2569}}
|percentage = 1.68
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:1492}}
|percentage = 0.98
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:15454}}
|percentage = 10.1
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:152994}}
|percentage = 75.22
|change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = Indian National Congress
|loser = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Madhya Pradesh}}
{{coords|23.52|77.81|display=title}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Vidisha]]
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Politics of Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Vidisha district]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1957]]
[[Category:1957 establishments in Madhya Pradesh]]

Vikramsinh Balasaheb Sawant

2026-04-13T22:30:08Z

Ferdinand78P: Put up first pg needs work!

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2023}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Vikramsinh Balasaheb Sawant
| native_name =
| image =
| office = Member of [[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start = 2019
| term_end = 2024
| predecessor = [[Vilasrao Narayan Jagtap]]
| successor = [[Gopichand Padalkar]]
| office1 =
| prime_minister1 =
| predecessor1 =
| successor1 =
| birth_date =
| birth_place =
| occupation = [[Politician]]
| children =
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]
| constituency1 = [[Jat Assembly constituency|Jat]]
| profession =
| spouse =
| sibling =
| website =
}}

'''Vikramsinh Balasaheb Sawant''' is a leader of [[Indian National Congress]] and a member of the [[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly]] elected from
[[Jat Assembly constituency]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 October 2019 |title=Jat Election Results 2019 Live Updates (जत): Vikramsinh Balasaheb Sawant of Congress Wins|url=https://www.news18.com/news/politics/jat-election-results-2019-live-updates-winner-loser-leading-trailing-2358653.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221101192432/https://www.news18.com/news/politics/jat-election-results-2019-live-updates-winner-loser-leading-trailing-2358653.html |archive-date=1 November 2022 |access-date=1 November 2022 |website= [[News18 India]] |language=English
}}</ref> in [[Sangli]] city.<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 November 2022 |title=Vikramsinh Balasaheb Sawant(Indian National Congress(INC)) Constituency- JAT (SANGLI) Affidavit Information of Candidate|url=https://myneta.info/maharashtra2019/candidate.php?candidate_id=9718 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221031200329/https://myneta.info/maharashtra2019/candidate.php?candidate_id=9718 |archive-date=31 October 2022 |access-date=31 October 2022 |website= [[Association for Democratic Reforms|myneta.info]] |language=English
}}</ref>

==Positions held==
* 2019: Elected to [[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 October 2019 |title=राज्यातील विजयी उमेदवारांची यादी येथे पाहा|url=https://marathi.indiatimes.com/maharashtra/mumbai-news/vidhan-sabha-nivadnuk-list-of-winning-candidates-in-the-state/articleshow/71749478.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221026162142/https://maharashtratimes.com/maharashtra/mumbai-news/vidhan-sabha-nivadnuk-list-of-winning-candidates-in-the-state/amp_articleshow/71749478.cms |archive-date=26 October 2022 |access-date=26 October 2022 |website= [[Maharashtra Times]] |language=Marathi
}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=25 October 2019 |title=Maharashtra Election 2019 Winners Full List: Check full list of winning candidates in Maharashtra Vidhan Sabha Chunav 2019 |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/maharashtra-assembly-election-2019-winners-full-list/1744244/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221026205732/https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/maharashtra-assembly-election-2019-winners-full-list/1744244/ |archive-date=26 October 2022 |access-date=26 October 2022 |website=[[The Financial Express (India)|The Financial Express]]|language=English
}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sawant, Vikramsinh Balasaheb}}
[[Category:1972 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Maharashtra MLAs 2019–2024]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Maharashtra]]
[[Category:People from Sangli]]

{{Maharashtra-INC-politician-stub}}

R. Chakarapani

2026-04-11T20:08:55Z

Ferdinand78P: started new article

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = R. Chakrapani
| image =
| image size =
| caption =
| birth_date = {{birth date|1946|6|4|df=y}}
| birth_place = Vallur
| death_date =
| death_place =
| office1 = legislative Assembly
, Tamil Nadu legislative
| constituency1 = [[Ponneri Assembly constituency|Ponneri]]
| term_start1 = 1980
| term_end1 = 1984
| predecessor1 = [[S. M. Dorairaj|S. M. Durairaj]]
| successor1 = Sekar alias K . P. Kulasekaran
| office2 =
| constituency2 =
| term_start2 =
| term_end2 =
| successor2 =
| term_start3 =
| term_end3 =
| term_start4 =
| term_end4 =
| party = [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] (AIADMK)
| spouse =
| alma_mater =
| relations =
| children =
| profession = Farmer
| footnotes =
| date =
| year =
| website =
}}

'''R. Chakrapani''' is an [[India]]n [[politician]] and a former member of the [[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly]]. He hails from Ponneri, [[Thiruvallur district]]. Born in Vallur, Chakrapani studied at TVS Reddy High School. He was a member of the [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] (AIADMK) and was elected to the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly in the [[1980 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]].<ref>தமிழ்நாடு சட்டமன்றப் பேரவை “யார் - எவர்” 1980. சென்னை: தமிழ்நாடு சட்டமன்றப் பேரவைச் செயலகம். ஏப்ரல் 1981. p. 182-183</ref>

==Electoral performance==
===1980===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1980 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Ponneri<ref>{{cite web| last = Election Commission of India| title = Statistical Report on General Election 1980| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1980/StatisticalReportTamil%20Nadu%201980.pdf | access-date = 19 April 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101006231656/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1980/StatisticalReportTamil%20Nadu%201980.pdf| archive-date = 6 Oct 2010}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=R. Chakarapani |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=42,408 |percentage=51.07% |change=+8.43 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=P. Nagalingam |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=27,490 |percentage=33.11% |change=+5.58 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=G. Vetriveeran |party=Independent politician |votes=7,508 |percentage=9.04% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=R. S. Munivel |party=Janata Party |votes=4,619 |percentage=5.56% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=14,918 |percentage=17.97% |change= 2.85% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=83,033 |percentage=62.40% |change= 5.89% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,35,012 |change = }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= 8.43% }}
{{Election box end}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Chakarapani, R.}}
[[Category:Tamil Nadu MLAs 1980–1984]]
[[Category:All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam politicians]]
[[Category:1946 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]

N. Madhava Rao

2026-04-11T10:00:37Z

Ferdinand78P: starting

{{Short description|Diwan of Mysore (1887–1972)}}
{{more footnotes needed|date=February 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2017}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific_prefix = ''Rajamantrapravina'' ''Pradhana Shiromani'' Sir
| name = Nyapathi Madhava Rao
| honorific_suffix = [[Order of the Indian Empire|CIE]]
| image = N_Madava_Rao.jpg
| order1 = 23rd [[Diwan of Mysore|Diwan of the Mysore Kingdom]]
| term_start1 = June 1941
| term_end1 = August 1946
| predecessor1 = [[Sir Mirza Ismail]]
| successor1 = [[Sir Arcot Ramasamy Mudaliar]]
| monarch1 =
| birth_date = 8 June 1887
| birth_place = [[Masulipatnam]], [[Madras Presidency]], [[British India]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1972|08|28|1887|06|08}}
| death_place = [[Bangalore]], [[Mysore State]], [[India]]
| party =
| alma_mater = [[Pachaiyappa's College|Pachaiyappa's College, Chennai]]
| profession = Civil servant
| occupation =
| spouse =
}}
'''Sir''' '''Nyapathi Madhava Rau''' (8 June 1887 – 28 August 1972) was an Indian civil servant, administrator, and statesman who served as the 23rd [[Diwan of Mysore|dewan of Mysore]] from 1941 to 1945<ref>{{cite book |author=Kadati Reddera Basavaraja |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bv4dAAAAMAAJ |title=History and Culture of Karnataka: Early Times to Unification |publisher=Chalukya Publications |year=1984 |page=334}}</ref> and later as a member of the Drafting Committee of the [[Constituent Assembly of India|Constituent Assembly]] which drafted the [[Constitution of India|Indian Constitution]].

== Mysore civil service ==

Madhava Rao took the Mysore Civil Service examinations and graduated first rank, winning the Carmichael Medal. He joined the Mysore Civil Service as an Assistant Commissioner in the [[Gubbi|Gubbi town]] of [[Tumakuru district|Tumkur district]]. Later, he was appointed as a member of a commission to investigate a revolt in the [[Kollegal|Kollegal town]] of the then [[Coimbatore district]]. He served as Secretary of the Bhadravathi Steel Works from 1921 to 1924. He was the Trade Commissioner for [[Kingdom of Mysore|Mysore]] in [[London]], [[England]], following this and was subsequently appointed Chief Secretary to the [[Government of Mysore]]. He then went on to become a member of the Mysore Constituent Council until his appointment as the [[Diwan of Mysore]].

== Diwan of Mysore ==

Madhava Rao succeeded [[Sir Mirza Ismail]] on his retirement as the diwan, a post he held between 1941 and 1946. During his premiership, the [[Kingdom of Mysore]] was gripped by severe food shortages during the [[World War II|Second World War]]. Madhava Rau is credited with having managed the situation quite well and organised a successful recovery. He also successfully dealt with the damage caused to the [[Shivanasamudra Falls|Sivasamudram]] Electric Power Station by a lightning strike in 1944.

During his tenure as Diwan, the [[Karnataka Legislative Council|Mysore Legislative Council]] and the Mysore Representative Assembly were combined to form a new legislative council. The first elections to the newly reorganised council were held in February 1941.

== Later life ==
[[File:Dr._Babasaheb_Ambedkar_Chairman,_Drafting_Committee_of_the_Indian_Constitution_with_other_members_on_Aug._29,_1947.jpg|thumb|The Constitution drafting committee, 1947. Rao seated first from left.|263x263px]]
After his retirement, Madhava Rau was a member of the [[Constituent Assembly of India|Drafting Committee]] of the [[Constitution of India|Indian Constitution]] headed by [[B. R. Ambedkar|B.R. Ambedkar]] and of the first [[Constituent Assembly of India]].

Madhava Rau died on 28 August 1972 at the age of 85.

== Opposition to Hindi ==

Madhava Rao was strongly opposed to the [[Hindi]] language becoming the [[lingua franca]] for India and favoured the continuation of English as the [[Languages with official status in India|official language of the Indian Union]].

== Family ==

Madhava Rau married Narasamma at the age of seventeen. The couple had three daughters and three sons. His sons were N. Lakshman Rau, Nyapathi. Narasimha Rau and N. Nagaraja Rau. His daughters were Rukmini, Sarojini and Sethu. N. Lakshman Rau served in the [[Indian Administrative Service]] and was the [[mayor of Bangalore]]. N. Narasimha Rau also served in the [[Indian Administrative Service]]<ref>{{cite book|title=All India Civil List|
publisher=the authority of the Government of India by the Associated Advertisers & Printers|year=1968|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=f3cfAQAAMAAJ|page=605}}</ref> and was the [[Chief secretary (India)|Chief Secretary]] of [[Karnataka]]. N. Nagaraja Rau served in the [[Indian Army]] and retired as a [[brigadier]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Indian Coffee: Bulletin of the Indian Coffee Board, Volume 46|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1w4SlaaBtg8C|page=115|publisher=Coffee Board|year=1982}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=India Who's who|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FW9mAAAAMAAJ|publisher=INFA Publications|year=1986|page=381}}</ref>

== Honours ==
Madhava Rau was made a [[Order of the Indian Empire|Companion of the Order of the Indian Empire]] in 1943, a title that he relinquished in 1947. He was also awarded the titles of ''Rajamantra Pravina'' and ''Pradhana Shiromani'' by Maharaja [[Jayachamarajendra Wadiyar|Jayachamaraja Wadiyar]].

===Places in Honour===
* N. Madhava Rao Circle, popularly known as [[Agrahara Circle]] in [[Mysore]] city<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-11-02 |title=Landmarks for Dewans and their services forgotten |url=https://starofmysore.com/landmarks-for-dewans-and-their-services-forgotten/ |access-date=2022-03-01 |website=Star of Mysore |language=en-US}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==Bibliography==
* {{cite book|title=World biography, Part 2|pages=160|publisher=Institute for Research in Biography.|year=1948}}
* {{cite web|title=Hirienniah and Madhava Rao|url=http://rajchat.info/vasudeva_kutumbukam/7_two_exemplary_officerst.html}}
* {{cite web|title=Ambedkar: The architect of Indian constitution Rao|url=http://www.sankalpindia.net/drupal/ambedkar-the-architect-indian-constitution}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Madhava Rau, N.}}
[[Category:1887 births]]
[[Category:1972 deaths]]
[[Category:Companions of the Order of the Indian Empire]]
[[Category:Dewans of Mysore]]

C. P. Yogeshwara

2026-04-07T09:38:49Z

Ferdinand78P: Made A Page

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2021}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| image = C p yogeshwar.jpg
| office1 = Minister of Tourism, Environment and Ecology, [[Government of Karnataka]]
| term_start1 = 21 January 2021
| term_end1 = 26 July 2021
| predecessor1 = [[C. T. Ravi]] [[Anand Singh (Karnataka politician)|Anand Singh]]
| successor1 = [[Anand Singh (Karnataka politician)|Anand Singh]]
| constituency1 =
| office2 = [[Minister (government)|Minister]] of Forest, [[Government of Karnataka]]
| prime_minister2 =
| term_start2 = 4 August 2011
| term_end2 = 12 July 2012
| predecessor2 = [[C. H. Vijayashankar]]
| successor2 =
| office3 = Member of [[Karnataka Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start3 = 13 May 2011
| term_end3 = 16 May 2018
| predecessor3 = M. C. Ashwath
| successor3 = [[H. D. Kumaraswamy]]
| constituency3 = [[Channapatna Assembly constituency|Channapatna]]
| prime_minister4 =
| term_start4 = 7 Oct 1999
| term_end4 = 20 Aug 2009
| predecessor4 = M. Varade Gowda
| successor4 = M. C. Ashwath
| constituency4 = [[Channapatna Assembly constituency|Channapatna]]
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1963|08|29|df=y}}<ref name="Happy birthday Yogeshwar!">{{cite news |title=Happy birthday Yogeshwar! |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/happy-birthday-yogeshwar/articleshow/22139039.cms |access-date=27 April 2025 |publisher=The Times of India |date=29 August 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250427060132/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/happy-birthday-yogeshwar/articleshow/22139039.cms |archive-date=27 April 2025}}</ref>
| birth_place = [[Chakkere]] (Channapatna Taluk, [[Ramanagara District]])
| occupation = [[Politician]], [[Actor]]
| children = Nisha<ref name="Actor-politician Yogeshwar's daughter Nisha makes her debut">{{cite news |title=Actor-politician Yogeshwar's daughter Nisha makes her debut |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/actor-politician-yogeshwars-daughter-nisha-makes-her-debut/articleshow/21772401.cms |access-date=27 April 2025 |publisher=The Times of India |date=12 August 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250427060218/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/actor-politician-yogeshwars-daughter-nisha-makes-her-debut/articleshow/21772401.cms |archive-date=27 April 2025}}</ref>
| party = [[Indian National Congress]] (2004–2009, 2014–2017, 2024–present)

| other_party = *[[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (2009–2013, 2017–2024)
*[[Samajwadi Party]] (2013–2014)
*[[Independent politician|Independent]] (1999–2004)
| alma_mater =
| profession =
| spouse = Manju Kumari N. ''aka'' Malvikaa Solanki (1986–2004) Sheela Yogeshwar (m. 2006)
| website =
}}
'''[[Chakkere]] Puttamade Gowda Yogeshwara''' is an Indian [[Politician]] and [[Actor]] from the state of [[Karnataka]] who served as the Minister of Tourism, Environment and Ecology Department of Karnataka from 21 January 2021 to 26 July 2021.<ref name="C.P. Yogeshwar: A political life with filmy twists">{{cite news |last1= |first1= |title=C.P. Yogeshwar: A political life with filmy twists |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/cp-yogeshwar-a-political-life-with-filmy-twists/article68795686.ece |access-date=27 April 2025 |publisher=The Hindu |date=25 October 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250427055640/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/cp-yogeshwar-a-political-life-with-filmy-twists/article68795686.ece |archive-date=27 April 2025 |language=en-IN}}</ref> He is a member of the [[Karnataka Legislative Assembly]] representing the [[Channapatna Assembly constituency|Channapatna]] constituency.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://myneta.info/karnataka2013/candidate.php?candidate_id=1090 | title=C P YOGESHWARA (Winner) CHANNAPATNA (RAMANAGARAM) | work=myneta.info | accessdate=23 May 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/Former-BJP-MLA-CP-Yogeshwar-is-a-bundle-of-disappointments-Channapatna-locals-say/articleshow/19697416.cms | title=Former BJP MLA CP Yogeshwar is a bundle of disappointments, Channapatna locals say | date=23 April 2013 | newspaper=The Times of India | accessdate=9 May 2019}}</ref> He also worked in [[Kannada cinema|Kannada Film Industry]] (Sandalwood) in lead roles. His performance in Utthara Druvadind Dakshina Druvaku, Badhri, Kambalahalli, Preethi Nee Illade Na Hegirali and Sainika<ref>{{Cite web|title=Happy birthday Yogeshwar!|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/Happy-birthday-Yogeshwar/articleshow/22139039.cms|website=The Times of India|language=en|access-date=2020-05-21}}</ref> were praised. His last role was in the movie [[Attahasa]] as a cop, the film was based on the life of [[Veerappan]].
He was nominated as MLC on 22/07/2020 from BJP.<ref name="Karnataka Congress wins all three bye-polls, Nikhil Kumaraswamy loses again">{{cite news |last1= |first1= |date=23 November 2024 |title=Karnataka Congress wins all three bye-polls, Nikhil Kumaraswamy loses again |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/karnataka/karnataka-congress-wins-all-three-bye-polls-nikhil-kumaraswamy-loses-again |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250427055423/https://www.thenewsminute.com/karnataka/karnataka-congress-wins-all-three-bye-polls-nikhil-kumaraswamy-loses-again |archive-date=27 April 2025 |access-date=27 April 2025 |publisher=The News Minute |language=en}}</ref><ref name="BJP MLC Yogeshwar resigns over denial of Channapatna seat ticket">{{cite news |title=BJP MLC Yogeshwar resigns over denial of Channapatna seat ticket |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/bjp-mlc-yogeshwar-resigns-over-denial-of-channapatna-seat-ticket-101729538480266.html |access-date=27 April 2025 |publisher=Hindustan Times |date=22 October 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250427055837/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/bjp-mlc-yogeshwar-resigns-over-denial-of-channapatna-seat-ticket-101729538480266.html |archive-date=27 April 2025}}</ref><ref name="C.P. Yogeshwar Rejoins Congress, Criticises BJP-JDS Alliance Over Channapatna By-poll">{{cite news |last1= |first1= |title=C.P. Yogeshwar Rejoins Congress, Criticises BJP-JDS Alliance Over Channapatna By-poll |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/southern-states/karnataka/cp-yogeshwar-rejoins-congress-criticises-bjp-jds-alliance-over-channapatna-by-poll-1832427 |access-date=27 April 2025 |work= |publisher=Deccan Chronicle |date=23 October 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250427060029/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/southern-states/karnataka/cp-yogeshwar-rejoins-congress-criticises-bjp-jds-alliance-over-channapatna-by-poll-1832427 |archive-date=27 April 2025 |language=en}}</ref>

== Early life ==
C.P. Yogeshwar was born on 29 August 1963 in Chakere village, Channapatna Taluk, Ramnagara Dist. in Karnataka. He has completed his B.Sc. from V.V. Puram College, Bangalore in the years 1983–1986.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://myneta.info/karnataka2018/candidate.php?candidate_id=6593|title = C P Yogeeshwara(Bharatiya Janata Party(BJP)):Constituency- CHANNAPATNA(RAMANAGARAM) - Affidavit Information of Candidate}}</ref>

==Ministry==
He was the [[Minister (government)|Minister]] for Forest in the [[B.S. Yeddyurappa]] led [[Karnataka]] Government.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/nation/story/20120423-actor-politician-yogeshwar-remains-forest-minister-after-28-chargesheets-758075-2012-04-14 | title=Despite facing 28 chargesheets, actor-politician Yogeshwar remains forest minister. | work=indiatoday.intoday.in | access-date=23 May 2016}}</ref>

==2024 Channapatna Assembly By-Poll==

BJP leader and former minister C.P. Yogeshwar resigned as an MLC after he was denied the party ticket for the Channapatna Assembly bypoll, with the seat being allotted to alliance partner JD(S).<ref>{{Cite web
|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/karnataka-bypolls-bjp-leader-cp-yogeshwar-resigns-as-mlc-after-signs-of-denial-of-party-ticket-to-contest-from-channapatna-seat/article68778987.ece
|title=Karnataka bypolls: BJP leader C.P. Yogeshwar resigns as MLC after denial of party ticket for Channapatna seat
|website=The Hindu
|language=en
|access-date=2026-02-12
}}</ref>

He joined Congress party and got the ticket for Channapatna bypoll.

Congress candidate C.P. Yogeshwar won the Channapatna bypoll, defeating JD(S) candidate Nikhil Kumaraswamy, son of H.D. Kumaraswamy and grandson of former PM H.D. Deve Gowda. Nikhil secured 87,229 votes, while Yogeshwar polled 1,12,642 votes, marking a significant victory for Congress in the constituency.<ref>{{Cite web
|url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/karnataka/karnataka-bypoll-results-2024-live-updates-sandur-shiggaon-channapatna-leading-trailing-candidates-congress-bjp-jds-latest-962807
|title=Karnataka bypoll results 2024: Congress sweeps Sandur, Shiggaon and Channapatna
|website=India TV News
|language=en
|access-date=2026-02-14
}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web
|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/karnataka/channapatna-bypoll-congs-c-p-yogeshwar-defeats-h-d-kumaraswamys-son-nikhil-3288814
|title=Channapatna bypoll: Congress's C P Yogeshwar defeats H D Kumaraswamy's son Nikhil
|website=Deccan Herald
|language=en
|access-date=2026-02-14
}}</ref>

== External links ==
* [http://kla.kar.nic.in/assembly/member/members.htm Karnataka Legislative Assembly]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

* [http://m.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/tackling-drought-the-channapatna-way/article8542770.ece]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Yogeshwara, C. P.}}
[[Category:1963 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from Ramanagara district]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Karnataka]]
[[Category:Karnataka MLAs 1999–2004]]
[[Category:Karnataka MLAs 2004–2007]]
[[Category:Karnataka MLAs 2008–2013]]
[[Category:Samajwadi Party politicians from Karnataka]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Karnataka]]

Elumale

2026-03-31T17:22:22Z

Ferdinand78P: Made Details

{{short description|Indian Kannada-language romantic thriller film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2026}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Elumale
| image = Elumale poster.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = Punit Rangaswamy
| producer = [[Tharun Sudhir]] [[Atlanta Nagendra]]
| writer = Punit Rangaswamy
| starring = Raanna Priyanka Achar [[Jagapathi Babu]] [[Kishore (actor, born 1974)|Kishore]] [[T. S. Nagabharana]]
| music = [[D. Imman]]
| cinematography = Advaitha Gurumurthy
| editing = K. M. Prakash
| studio = Tharun Sudhir Kreatiiivez De Arte Studios
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2025|09|05}}
| runtime = 133 minutes
| country = India
| language = Kannada
}}

'''''Elumale''''' ({{Translation|Seven mountains}}) is a 2025 Indian [[Kannada]]-language [[romantic thriller film]] written and directed by debutant Punit Rangaswamy. It was produced by [[Tharun Sudhir]] and [[Atlanta Nagendra]] under the banners Tharun Sudhir Kreatiiivez and De Arte Studios. The film stars Raanna and Priyanka Achar in the lead roles, with [[Jagapathi Babu]], [[Kishore (actor, born 1974)|Kishore]] and [[T. S. Nagabharana]] appearing in supporting roles. The film was released theatrically on 5 September 2025.

Since the film is set in across several [[States and union territories of India|states]], it includes dialogues in Kannada, Tamil, English and Telugu languages.<ref name="CE"/> The plot revolves around a young girl who has eloped on the night of her marriage, and plans on meeting her boyfriend on [[Male Mahadeshwara Hills]]. However, it is also the night that [[Operation Cocoon]] is launched to capture the forest brigand [[Veerappan]].<ref name="T"/><ref name="TNM"/> The film was commercially successful at the box office.<ref>{{cite news |last1=M. V. |first1=Vivek |title=Kannada cinema in 2025: Star films a let down in a mixed-bag year |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/kannada-cinema-in-2025-top-10-kannada-films-kannada-cinema-rewind-the-devil-45-mark-sudeep-darshan/article70452390.ece |access-date=3 January 2026 |work=The Hindu |date=31 December 2025 |language=en-IN}}</ref> It also received positive reviews from critics upon release. Raanna's performance received praise. ''[[The Hollywood Reporter|The Hollywood Reporter India]]'' included him in one of the top five performances in Kannada cinema for 2025.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Raman |first1=Sruthi Ganapathy |title=The Best Kannada Film Performances of 2025 |url=https://www.hollywoodreporterindia.com/features/insight/rishab-shetty-to-rukmini-vasanth-the-5-best-kannada-film-performances-of-2025 |website=The Hollywood Reporter India |access-date=29 December 2025 |language=en}}</ref>

==Plot==
Set in the borderlands between Karnataka and Tamil Nadu, the film follows Harish, a cab driver from Chamarajanagar, and Revathi, a wealthy young woman from Salem, whose cross-border romance becomes entangled with law enforcement, smugglers and larger political undercurrents. As the lovers attempt to reunite their relationship, a series of incidents complicate their plans and push the narrative towards a tense, thriller climax.<ref name="CE">{{cite web |title=Elumale Movie Review: A cross-border romance that runs like a real-life thriller |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/kannada/review/2025/Sep/05/elumale-movie-review-a-cross-border-romance-that-runs-like-a-real-life-thriller |website=Cinema Express |access-date=8 September 2025}}</ref>

==Cast==
{{Cast listing|
* Raanna as Harish
* Priyanka Achar as Revathi
* [[Jagapathi Babu]] as Vinay Kumar, IPS
* [[Kishore (actor, born 1974)|Kishore]] as Inspector P. Venkatesh Nayak
* [[T. S. Nagabharana]] as Head Constable Madevappa
* Sardar Sathya as Karnan
* Jagappa as Constable Manteswamy
* Rakesh Maiya
* Yogi Ram as Revathi's brother
}}

==Production==
''Elumale'' marked the directorial debut of lyricist-turned-director Punit Rangaswamy. The project was produced by Tharun Kishore Sudhir (under Tharun Sudhir Kreatiiivez) with Atlanta Nagendra as a co-producer; De Arte Studios is listed as a production partner.<ref name="Tharun">{{cite web |title=The script of Elumale excited me, says filmmaker Tharun |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/the-script-of-elumale-excited-me-says-filmmaker-tharun/articleshow/123697218.cms |website=The Times of India |date=5 September 2025 |access-date=8 September 2025}}</ref>
Principal photography and location work emphasize the film’s borderland setting; interviews and production write-ups note the film’s multilingual elements and period details used to evoke the story’s milieu.<ref name="CinemaExpressInterview">{{cite web |title=Punit Rangaswamy: Elumale is my way of showing that reality is more thrilling than fiction |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/kannada/interviews/2025/Sep/01/punit-rangaswamy-elumale-is-my-way-of-showing-that-reality-is-more-thrilling-than-fiction |website=Cinema Express |access-date=8 September 2025}}</ref>

==Music==

{{Infobox album
| name = Elumale
| type = [[Soundtrack]]
| artist = [[D Imman]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released =
| recorded =
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Film soundtrack|Feature film soundtrack]]
| length = 20:13 <ref>{{cite web|url=https://gaana.com/album/elumale|title=Elumale Songs|work=Gaana}}</ref>
| label = [[Anand Audio]]
| producer =
| prev_title =
| prev_year =
| next_title =
| next_year =
}}
The film’s soundtrack and background score were composed by [[D. Imman]].

{{Track listing
| total_length = 20:13
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Yaavaaga Yaavaaga
| lyrics1 = Nagarjun Sharma
| extra1 = [[Sid Sriram]]
| length1 = 4:38
| title2 = Kaapaado Dyavre
| lyrics2 = Nagarjun Sharma
| extra2 = [[Mangli]]
| length2 = 3:58
| title3 = Aanumale Jenumale
| extra3 = V M Mahalingam
| lyrics3 = Punit Rangaswamy
| length3 = 4:32
| title4 = Preethi Mundhe Bere Ella Chikkadu
| extra4 = Jithinraj
| lyrics4 = Nagarjun Sharma
| length4 = 1:20
}}

==Release and reception==
''Elumale'' opened in theatres on 5 September 2025. <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2025/Aug/18/kannadanews2025aug18elumale-locks-official-release-date|title=Elumale locks official release date|work=The New Indian Express}}</ref> Actor [[Sudeep]] praised the film’s craft, saying it is "worth watching". <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/kannada/news/2025/Sep/24/sudeep-applauds-elumale-calls-it-a-worthy-watch|title=Sudeep applauds Elumale, calls it a worthy watch|work=The New Indian Express}}</ref> A film tutor at FTTI, Pune mentioned that, ‘Elumale’ is an interesting demonstration of how a good screenplay can turn a simple story into an intense experience.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/entertainment/elumale-how-punit-rangaswamy-transforms-a-simple-story-into-a-gripping-thriller-3744621|title=‘Elumale’ is an interesting demonstration of how a good screenplay can turn a simple story into an intense experience}}</ref>

Critical response was positive, with reviewers praising the film’s blend of romance and thriller elements, performances and technical craft.

A critic from ''[[Deccan Herald]]'' gave 4 stars and wrote, "It may not be a one-of-a-kind experience, but the cinematic experience is definitely worth your time".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/entertainment/elumale-movie-review-taut-intense-thriller-from-tharun-sudhirs-stable-3713696|title=Taut, Intense Thriller|work=Deccan Herald}}</ref> ''[[The Times of India]]'' rated the film 3.5/5 stars and wrote, "With strong performances, period authenticity, and gripping suspense, it’s a must-watch for fans of romance and thrillers alike".<ref name="T">{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/regional/kannada/romance-meets-thriller-in-borderland-drama/etmoviereview/123711830.cms|title=Romance meets thriller in borderland drama|work=The Times of India}}</ref> ''[[The News Minute]]'' wrote, "''Elumale'' is a self-aware exercise that knows exactly what it wants to communicate. It’s a film made with a keen eye, as well as the intent to enthral audiences without being formulaic".<ref name="TNM">{{cite web |title=Elumale review: A taut thriller that dares to be its own kind |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/flix/elumale-review-a-taut-thriller-that-dares-to-be-its-own-kind |website=The News Minute |access-date=8 September 2025}}</ref> A critic from ''[[Cinema Express]]'' wrote, "The film captures the raw, haunting romance of Harisha and Revathi, while delivering a pulse-pounding thriller that tests courage and destiny in every moment. It demands attention, provokes emotion, and leaves you marvelling at the power of love caught in extraordinary circumstances".<ref name="CE"/> A critic from ''[[The Hollywood Reporter]] India'' called the film "a breath of fresh air in a genre that often uses intercaste love to tell stories of bloodshed and brutality".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hollywoodreporterindia.com/reviews/theatrical/elumale-movie-review-punit-rangaswamys-terrific-thriller-starringraanna-and-priyanka-achar-demands-your-attention|title=A Terrific Thriller That Demands Your Attention|work=The Hollywood Reporter India}}</ref> A critic from ''[[India Today]]'' rated the film 3.5/5 stars and wrote, "''Elumale'' is a good watch and is highly recommended for thriller lovers. The film does have some flaws and hints of dated or old-school narration, but these are digestible as the thriller elements and performances impress".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/reviews/story/elumale-kannada-film-review-innocent-lovers-stuck-between-bandits-smugglers-and-the-police-2784033-2025-09-09|title=
Impressive thriller blends romance with Veerappan's manhunt|work=India Today}}</ref> A critic from ''Kannada Screens'' wrote, "‘Elumale’ is a well-crafted romantic thriller".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://kannadascreens.com/2025/09/05/elumale-review-a-cross-border-love-story-with-thrilling-elements/|title=
A cross-border love story with thrilling elements|work=Kannada Screens}}</ref> A critic from ''[[OTTplay]]'' rated the film 3/5 stars and wrote, "''Elumale'' has a tight narrative that is interesting for the most part and makes for a decent watch".<ref>{{cite web |title=Elumale movie review: Raanna’s thriller packs a punch but remains middling |url=https://www.ottplay.com/review/elumale-movie-review-raannas-thriller-packs-a-punch-but-remains-middling/1f9705bf8e830 |website=OTTplay |access-date=8 September 2025}}</ref> Elumale makes it into the top 3 movies of 2025. <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/kannada-cinema-in-2025-top-10-kannada-films-kannada-cinema-rewind-the-devil-45-mark-sudeep-darshan/article70452390.ece|title=Kannada cinema in 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hollywoodreporterindia.com/features/insight/rishab-shetty-to-rukmini-vasanth-the-5-best-kannada-film-performances-of-2025|title=The Best Kannada Film Performances of 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/kannada/features/2025/Dec/31/ce-year-in-review-2025-the-year-the-numbers-spoke-in-kannada-cinema|title=CE Year in Review 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/the-hindu-lit-of-life-unplugged-kannada-cinema-roundtable-2025-su-from-so-kantara-chapter-1-elumale/article70380435.ece|title=Kannada Cinema Roundtable 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hollywoodreporterindia.com/features/insight/kannada-cinema-in-2025-a-step-forward-barely-with-kantara-chapter-1-and-su-from-so|title=Kannada Cinema in 2025 - A Step Forward}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/entertainment/eight-films-that-delighted-cine-buffs-in-2025-3843783|title=Eight Films that delighted cine buffs in 2025}}</ref>

==Home Media==
''Elumale'' satellite and digital rights are owned by Zee5. It was premiered on 17 October 2025. <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/kannada/news/2025/Oct/07/romantic-thriller-elumale-sets-ott-premiere-on-this-date|title=Romantic thriller Elumale sets OTT premiere}}</ref>

==Accolades==
''Elumale'' was selected in the popular films section at 17th Bengaluru International Film Festival (BIFFes) 2026.
<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://biffes.org/filmdetails/251|title=BIFFes' kannada cinema of popular entertainment}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Award
! Category
! Nominee
! Result
|-
|rowspan="10"| 17th Bengaluru International Film Festival (BIFFes) 2026
|Best Popular Film
|[[Atlanta Nagendra]], Tharun Sudhir
|{{nom}}
|}

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Award !! Category !! Recipient !! Result !! class="unsortable" |Ref
|-
! rowspan=11|Chandanavana Film Critics Awards 2026
|Best Film
|[[Atlanta Nagendra]], Tharun Sudhir
|{{nom}}
|rowspan=11|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Chandanavana Film Critics Awards 2026 |url=https://english.publictv.in/kantara-chapter-1-leads-nominations-at-7th-chandanavana-film-critics-academy-awards/|access-date=2026-03-16}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Chandanavana Film Critics Awards 2026 Winners|url=https://epaper.thehansindia.com/Home/ArticleView?eid=3&edate=31/03/2026&pgid=238150|access-date=2026-03-31}}</ref>
|-
|Best Debut Actress
|Priyanka Achar
|{{won}}
|-
|Best Screenplay
|Punit Rangaswamy
|{{won}}
|-
|Best Supporting Actor
|Kishore
|{{nom}}
|-
|Best Editor
|Prakash K M
|{{won}}
|-
|Best Music Director
|D Imman
|{{nom}}
|-
|Best Background Score
|D Imman
|{{nom}}
|-
|Best Stunt Choregraphy
|Vinod
|{{nom}}
|-
|Best Male Singer
|V M Mahalingam
|{{nom}}
|-
|Best Female Singer
|Mangli
|{{nom}}
|-
|Best Director
|Punit Rangaswamy
|{{nom}}
|}

==Box Office==
''Elumale'' collected around {{INR}} 5.25 crores as per IMDB. It was declared as box-office hit. <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/list/ls596177744/|title=List of highest grossing Kannada films of 2025}}</ref> First 10 days of collection was {{INR}} 3.25 crores <ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.sstvmedia.in/en/trending-news/elumale-was-a-huge-success-at-the-box-office|title=Elumale a huge box office success}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb title|37988169}}

[[Category:2025 films]]
[[Category:Indian romantic thriller films]]
[[Category:2025 Kannada-language films]]
[[Category:Films set in Karnataka]]
[[Category:Films set in Salem]]
[[Category:Fictional portrayals of the Karnataka Police]]
[[Category:Films set in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Indian films based on actual events]]
[[Category:Action films based on actual events]]

Yevade Subramanyam

2026-03-21T16:58:37Z

Ferdinand78P: add lead for clarity for accuracy

{{Use British English|date=January 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2014}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Yevade Subramanyam?
| image = Yevade Subramanyam first poster.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Nag Ashwin]]
| writer = Nag Ashwin
| cinematography = {{ubl|Rakesh Erukulla|Naveen Yadav}}
| producer = [[Priyanka Dutt]] [[Swapna Dutt]]
| starring = [[Nani (actor)|Nani]] [[Malvika Nair]] [[Vijay Devarakonda]] [[Ritu Varma]]
| music = [[Radhan]] [[Ilayaraaja]] (1 song)
| editing = [[Kotagiri Venkateswara Rao]]
| studio = Swapna Cinema
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2015|03|21|}}
| country = India
| runtime = 150 minutes
| language = Telugu
| budget = {{INR}}3 crore
| gross = {{Estimation}} {{INR}}18 crore
}}

'''''Yevade Subramanyam?''''' ({{translation|Who is Subramanyam?}}) is a 2015 Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[coming-of-age]] [[drama film]] written and directed by debutant [[Nag Ashwin]]. Produced by [[Priyanka Dutt]], and [[Swapna Dutt]], the film stars [[Nani (actor)|Nani]], [[Malvika Nair]], [[Vijay Deverakonda]] (in his lead debut), and [[Ritu Varma]] while [[Krishnam Raju]], [[Nassar (actor)|Nassar]], and [[Kireeti Damaraju]] play supporting roles.

The plot follows Subramanyam (Nani), a corporate man who sets out on a journey of self-discovery. Much of the filming took place at the [[Everest base camps|Everest Base Camps]] in [[Nepal]], becoming the first Indian film to be shot at the location.<ref name="Times of India 1">{{cite news |date=2 December 2014 |title=Yevade Subramanyam, the first Telugu film shot in Everest |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Yevade-Subramanyam-the-first-Telugu-film-shot-in-Everest/articleshow/45346986.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141231062355/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Yevade-Subramanyam-the-first-Telugu-film-shot-in-Everest/articleshow/45346986.cms |archive-date=31 December 2014 |access-date=14 January 2015 |publisher=[[Times of India]]}}</ref> Released on 21 March 2015, the film received mostly positive reviews from the critics, who praised Nani's performance and the message-oriented script. but, criticized the slow-paced narration.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Hooli |first=Shekhar H. |date=22 March 2015 |title=Yevade Subramanyam Review Roundup: Critics have Mixed Opinions on Nag Ashwin's Work |url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/yevade-subramanyam-review-roundup-critics-have-mixed-opinions-nag-ashwins-work-626949 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150815015600/http://www.ibtimes.co.in/yevade-subramanyam-review-roundup-critics-have-mixed-opinions-nag-ashwins-work-626949 |archive-date=15 August 2015 |website=[[International Business Times]] |language=en}}</ref> The film was a [[sleeper hit]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite news |date=2019-03-22 |title=4 Years of 'Yevade Subramanyam': Interesting trivia that you probably didn't know |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/4-years-of-yevade-subramanyam-interesting-trivia-that-you-probably-didnt-know/photostory/68516741.cms |access-date=2024-08-13 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=2019-02-19 |title=Tollywood Top 10 Box Office Collection Movies In 2015 |url=https://t2blive.com/tollywood-top-10-box-office-collection-movies-in-2015/ |access-date=2024-08-13 |website=T2BLive |language=en-US}}</ref>

==Plot==
Subramanyam "Subbu" is a materialistic and ambitious [[Indian Institutes of Management|IIM]] graduate who is determined to climb the corporate ladder. Subbu works under his boss, Pasupathi, who shares his ruthless drive for success. Together, they aim to acquire the company of Pasupathi's rival, Ramayya. Though their initial attempts fail, Subbu cleverly manipulates Ramayya's employees into selling their shares, marking Pasupathi's biggest corporate triumph. In recognition of his success, Subbu becomes engaged to Pasupathi's daughter, Rhea.

During the engagement ceremony, Subbu's life takes an unexpected turn when his childhood friend Rishi reenters his life. Rishi is the antithesis of Subbu—an energetic, free-spirited individual who lives life without concern for material success. On the same day, they meet Anandi, a free-spirited but lonely girl, in a pub. Rishi reveals his long-held dream of traveling to [[Dudh Kosi|Doodh Kasi]], a [[Sacred waters|sacred lake]] in the [[Himalayas]], with Subbu.

Meanwhile, the corporate world of Pasupathi and Subbu is shaken when they lose crucial shares, threatening their acquisition of Ramayya's company. Pasupathi, enraged, threatens to end Subbu's engagement and fire him if he cannot secure the deal. Desperate, Subbu approaches Ramayya, who politely declines to sell his company. Feeling dejected, Subbu considers Rishi's proposal to visit Doodh Kasi. Rishi playfully promises to return the details of a key shareholder if Subbu agrees to the trip. This leads them to Anandi, whose father holds the critical shares needed for the acquisition.

Subbu and Rishi discover that Anandi is lonely and has no close relationships. They befriend her, though Subbu remains focused on getting her to sign over the shares. However, Anandi repeatedly postpones signing the documents, which frustrates Subbu, who is torn between his corporate ambitions and the growing bond with Anandi and Rishi.

One day, Subbu and Rishi come across an injured girl on the road and rush her to the hospital. The girl dies due to delayed medical attention, a tragedy that deeply affects Rishi. This incident sparks a heated argument between the two friends, where Rishi criticizes Subbu's materialistic lifestyle. In response, Subbu accuses Rishi of leading a purposeless life. The argument drives Rishi away.

The next day, Subbu receives a devastating phone call informing him that Rishi has died in a road accident. Shocked and grieving, Subbu and Anandi travel to [[Kolkata]] for Rishi's funeral. There, Anandi promises to give Subbu the shares if he accompanies her to Doodh Kasi to scatter Rishi's ashes.

The film then focuses on Subbu and Anandi's journey to Doodh Kasi, guided by a local named Pemba. Throughout the trek, Subbu begins to transform, shedding his materialistic mindset and learning to appreciate the present moment. Along the way, they meet Robert, a multi-billionaire who regrets spending his life chasing wealth and missing out on meaningful relationships. Robert's story profoundly impacts Subbu, reinforcing the importance of living a fulfilling life.

Subbu's transformation is further deepened when he helps a pregnant woman [[Childbirth|in labour]], experiencing genuine joy as he holds the newborn baby. This journey also allows Subbu and Anandi to grow closer, with love blossoming between them.

Upon returning from Doodh Kasi, a changed Subbu breaks off his engagement with Rhea and returns Ramayya's company to him. He even applies for a job at Ramayya's firm, symbolizing his shift away from ruthless ambition. In the film's closing scene, Subbu, now embracing a more meaningful life, asks Anandi for a "share" in her life, indirectly proposing marriage.

==Cast==
{{colbegin}}
* [[Nani (actor)|Nani]] as Subramanyam "Subbu"
* [[Malavika Nair (actress, born 1996)|Malavika Nair]] as Anandi "Nandi" (Voice dubbed by [[Savitha Reddy]])
* [[Vijay Deverakonda]] as Rishi
* [[Ritu Varma]] as Rhea
* [[Krishnam Raju]] as Ramayya
* [[Nassar (actor)|Nassar]] as Pasupathi
* [[Rajesh Vivek]] as Pemba
* [[Sowcar Janaki]] as Susheela
* [[Prathap Pothen]] as man in [[Butterfly house|butterfly park]]
* [[Srinivas Avasarala]] as Prabhakar
* [[Pavitra Lokesh]] as Rishi's mother
* [[Kireeti Damaraju]] as Kireeti
* [[Sivannarayana Naripeddi|Sivannarayana]] as Nandi's neighbour
* Sri Sudha Bhimireddy as Naina
* Akhil Kondepudi as young Rishi
* [[Karate Kalyani]] as Rama
* Gururaj Manepalli as Mani
* Jayanthi Reddy
* Vaishnavi Merla
* Sindhu Kaza
* Padmaja Lanka
* [[C. V. L. Narasimha Rao]] as Gopal Rao
* [[Gundu Sudarshan]] as Nandi's neighbour
* Sankalp Gora as Young Subbu
* [[Ananth Babu|Ananth]] as Nandi's neighbour
{{colend}}

==Production==
''Yevade Subramanyam'' was produced by Priyanka Dutt and her sister [[Swapna Dutt]].<ref name=":0" /> They are the daughters of [[C. Aswani Dutt|C. Aswini Dutt]], a well known Indian film producer and the founder of [[Vyjayanthi Movies]].

===Development===
Filming near the [[Himalayas]] took forty days.<ref name="Times of India 1" /><ref name="IBN Live">{{cite news |last1=staff |date=11 December 2014 |title=When Nani shot at the base camp of Mt Everest for 'Yevade Subramanyam' |url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/when-nani-shot-at-the-base-camp-of-mt-everest-for-yevade-subramanyam/517636-71-177.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150422022013/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/when-nani-shot-at-the-base-camp-of-mt-everest-for-yevade-subramanyam/517636-71-177.html |archive-date=22 April 2015 |access-date=14 January 2015 |publisher=[[IBN Live]]}}</ref> Notably, ''Yevade Subramanyam'' is the only Indian film shot at some of Everest's highest points.<ref name="Deccan Chronicle">{{cite news |last1=Reddy |first1=Gayatri |date=29 November 2014 |title=Shooting on Everest: A director's dream |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/141129/entertainment-tollywood/article/shooting-everest-director%E2%80%99s-dream |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141130145009/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/141129/entertainment-tollywood/article/shooting-everest-director%E2%80%99s-dream |archive-date=30 November 2014 |access-date=14 January 2014 |publisher=[[Deccan Chronicle]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=When Nani shot at the base camp of Mt Everest for 'Yevade Subramanyam' - IBNLive |url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/when-nani-shot-at-the-base-camp-of-mt-everest-for-yevade-subramanyam/517636-71-177.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150422022013/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/when-nani-shot-at-the-base-camp-of-mt-everest-for-yevade-subramanyam/517636-71-177.html |archive-date=22 April 2015 |access-date=17 January 2022 |website=ibnlive.in.com}}</ref>

To prepare for the shoot, director Nag Ashwin trained on an inclined treadmill for several months. Of the 33-person crew, only 27 completed the shoot, as several members were affected by altitude sickness and other ailments, requiring treatment in [[Kathmandu]].<ref name="The Times of India 2">{{cite news |date=8 December 2014 |title=I showered only 8 times in 40 days: Nani |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/I-showered-only-8-times-in-40-days-Nani/articleshow/45415661.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230404040155/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/i-showered-only-8-times-in-40-days-nani/articleshow/45415661.cms |archive-date=4 April 2023 |access-date=14 January 2015 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>

The production began by trekking from Lukla to [[Gokyo]] and then to Chola Pass. During filming, the cast and crew faced challenges like altitude sickness, cold weather, and limited food options. Despite the hardships, there were lighthearted moments, such as a makeup artist being chased by a baby yak and the director being hit by a horse. A highlight for the director was meeting Amelia Hillary, granddaughter of Sir [[Edmund Hillary]], which he took as a good omen.<ref name="Deccan Chronicle" />

=== Marketing ===
The team behind ''Yevade Subramanyam'' came up with a unique promotion strategy for their film as a [[Makar Sankranti|Sankranti]] gift where in Nani would read the news bulletin on [[TV5 (India)|TV 5]] news channel. On January 10, a "first look" motion poster was released featuring Nani.<ref>{{cite news|title=Nani's first look of YS on Jan 10|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Nanis-first-look-of-YS-on-Jan-10/articleshow/45763395.cms|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=15 January 2015|date=5 January 2015|archive-date=8 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150108130334/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Nanis-first-look-of-YS-on-Jan-10/articleshow/45763395.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Nani's Yevade Subramanyam first look|url=http://www.andhrawishesh.com/telugu-film-movies/movie-news/48329-nanis-yevade-subramanyam-first-look.html|publisher=Andhra Wishesh|access-date=15 January 2015|date=12 January 2015|archive-date=15 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150115104728/http://www.andhrawishesh.com/telugu-film-movies/movie-news/48329-nanis-yevade-subramanyam-first-look.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Soundtrack==
The soundtrack was composed by [[Radhan]] of ''[[Andala Rakshasi]]'' fame and released by [[Lahari Music]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Yevade Subramanyam |url=https://www.saavn.com/album/yevade-subramanyam/s-Pr7nej9YY_ |website=saavn |access-date=29 October 2018 |date=21 February 2015 |archive-date=4 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231004095849/https://www.jiosaavn.com/album/yevade-subramanyam/s-Pr7nej9YY_ |url-status=live }}</ref>

[[Ilayaraaja]] composed one song "Challa Gaali" adapted from his own song "Thendral Vanthu" which was composed for the Tamil film ''[[Avatharam (1995 film)|Avatharam]]'' (1995).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Karthik |date=25 February 2015 |title=Yevade Subramanyam (Music review), Telugu – Radhan & Ilayaraja |url=https://milliblog.com/2015/02/25/yevade-subramanyam-music-review-telugu-radhan-ilayaraja/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231004093936/https://milliblog.com/2015/02/25/yevade-subramanyam-music-review-telugu-radhan-ilayaraja/ |archive-date=4 October 2023 |access-date=4 October 2023 |website=Milliblog!}}</ref>
{{Infobox album
| name = Yevade Subramanyam
| type = [[Soundtrack]]
| artist = [[Radhan]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 2015
| recorded = 2015
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Soundtrack]]
| length = 22:19
| label = [[Lahari Music]]
| producer = Radhan
| chronology = Radhan
| prev_title = [[Valeba Raja]]
| prev_year = 2014
| next_title = [[Darling 2]]
| next_year = 2016

| misc = {{Extra chronology
| artist = [[Ilaiyaraaja]]
| type = Soundtrack
| prev_title = [[Mythri (2015 film)|Mythri]]
| prev_year = 2015
| title = Yevade Subramanyam
| year = 2015
| next_title = [[Rudhramadevi (film)|Rudhramadevi]]
| next_year = 2015
}}
}}
{{track listing
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Beautiful Zindagi
| music1 = [[Radhan]]
| length1 = 2:54
| lyrics1 = Vasishta Sharma
| extra1 = [[Nikhita Gandhi]]
| title2 = Idhera
| music2 = Radhan
| length2 = 5:46
| lyrics2 = [[Ramajogayya Sastry]]
| extra2 = [[Mohit Chauhan]]
| title3 = Nuvvu Nuvvu Kadhu
| music3 = Radhan
| length3 = 3:59
| lyrics3 = Ramajogayya Sastry
| extra3 = [[Ranjith (singer)|Ranjith]], Ramy
| title4 = O Kala
| music4 = Radhan
| length4 = 3:42
| lyrics4 = [[Ananta Sriram]]
| extra4 = [[Harini (singer)|Harini]]
| title5 = Yevade Subramanyam
| music5 = Radhan
| length5 = 1:51
| lyrics5 = Ramajogayya Sastry
| extra5 = Ramy
| title6 = Challa Gaali Thakuthunna
| music6 = [[Ilayaraaja]]
| length6 = 4:07
| lyrics6 = Ananta Sriram
| extra6 = Senthil, [[Rakshita Suresh]]
| total_length = 22:19
}}

== Box office ==
''Yevade Subramanyam'' received positive reviews and was a commercial success.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" />

== Awards and nominations ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Date of ceremony
!Award
!Category
!Recipient(s) and nominee(s)
!Result
!Ref.
|-
| rowspan="4"|24 & 25 January 2016
| rowspan="4"|[[1st IIFA Utsavam]]
| Best Picture - Telugu
| ''Yevade Subramanyam''
| {{nom}}
| rowspan="4"|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://iifautsavam.com/nominees-tel.html|title=IIFA Utsavam 2015 Nominees - Telugu|website=IIFA Utsavam|access-date=2019-12-25|archive-date=25 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191225101132/https://iifautsavam.com/nominees-tel.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
| Best Actress in Supporting Role - Telugu
| [[Ritu Varma]]
| {{nom}}
|-
| Best Lyricist - Telugu
| [[Ramajogayya Sastry]]
| {{nom}}
|-
| Best Playback Singer Female - Telugu
| [[Nikhita Gandhi]]
| {{nom}}
|-
| rowspan="4"|30 June and 1 July 2016
| rowspan="4"|[[5th South Indian International Movie Awards]]
| Best Debut Director - Telugu
| [[Nag Ashwin]]
| {{nom}}
| rowspan="4"|<ref>{{cite web|title=SIIMA 2016 Telugu movie nominations revealed; 'Baahubali,' 'Srimanthudu' lead the list5|website=[[International Business Times]] |url=http://www.ibtimes.co.in/siima-2016-telugu-movie-nominations-revealed-baahubali-srimanthudu-lead-list-680040|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160526120833/http://www.ibtimes.co.in/siima-2016-telugu-movie-nominations-revealed-baahubali-srimanthudu-lead-list-680040|url-status=dead|archive-date=2016-05-26}}</ref>
|-
| Best Debut Actor - Telugu
| [[Vijay Deverakonda]]
| {{nom}}
|-
| Best Debut Actress - Telugu
| [[Malavika Nair (actress, born 1996)|Malavika Nair]]
| {{nom}}
|-
| Best Lyricist - Telugu
| Ramajogayya Sastry
| {{nom}}
|-
|rowspan=2|2015
|rowspan=2|[[Nandi Awards of 2015|Nandi Awards]]
|[[Nandi Award for Best First Film of a Director|Best Debut Director]]
|[[Nag Ashwin]]
|{{won}}
|rowspan=2|<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Andhra-Pradesh/2017-11-14/AP-Government-announces-Nandi-Awards/339340|title=2015 Nandi Awards|website=The Hans India|access-date=25 June 2020|archive-date=25 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200625115658/https://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Andhra-Pradesh/2017-11-14/AP-Government-announces-Nandi-Awards/339340|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|Best Feature Film (Second)
|Priyanka Dutt
|{{won}}
|}

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|4515070}}
{{Nag Ashwin}}

[[Category:2015 films]]
[[Category:2015 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:2015 Indian films]]
[[Category:2010s business films]]
[[Category:Stock trading films]]
[[Category:Indian adventure drama films]]
[[Category:Climbing and mountaineering films]]
[[Category:Films based on French novels]]
[[Category:Films scored by Radhan]]
[[Category:Films set in Kolkata]]
[[Category:Films set in West Bengal]]
[[Category:Films set in Nepal]]
[[Category:Films shot in Nepal]]
[[Category:Indian business films]]
[[Category:2010s adventure drama films]]
[[Category:2015 directorial debut films]]
[[Category:2015 drama films]]
[[Category:Films about Mount Everest]]
[[Category:Films shot in Kathmandu]]
[[Category:Films directed by Nag Ashwin]]

Madra kingdom

2026-03-19T21:01:08Z

Ferdinand78P: done

{{Short description|Ancient Indian kingdom}}
{{for|the ancient tribe|Madra}}
{{more citations needed|date=May 2017}}
{{South Asia in 500 BCE||South Asia circa 500 BCE, with location of the Madra kingdom<ref>{{cite book |last1=Schwartzberg |first1=Joseph E. |title=A Historical atlas of South Asia |date=1978 |publisher=University of Chicago Press |location=Chicago |page=145, map XIV.1 (d) |isbn=0226742210 |url=https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/schwartzberg/pager.html?object=182 |archive-date=2021-02-24 |access-date=2022-04-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210224162023/https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/schwartzberg/pager.html?object=182 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>Content mirrored from [[:File:Mahajanapadas_(c._500_BCE).png|this map]]</ref>}}

'''Madra kingdom''' ({{IAST3|Mādra}}; {{IPA|sa|maːd̪ɽɐ|}}) was a kingdom grouped among the western kingdoms in the [[Indian epic poetry|ancient Indian epic]] ''[[Mahabharata]]''. Its capital was [[Sagala]] in the [[Madra]] region. The [[Kuru (kingdom)|Kuru]] king [[Pandu]]'s (''Pāṇḍu'') second wife was from Madra kingdom and was called [[Madri]] ({{Langx|sa|माद्री}}; {{IAST3|Mādrī}}; [[Help:IPA/Sanskrit|IPA/Sanskrit]]: {{IPA|sa|maːd̪ɽiː|}}). The Pandava twins, [[Nakula]] and [[Sahadeva]], were her sons. Madri's brother [[Shalya]] was the king of Madra. Though affectionate to the [[Pandavas]], he was tricked to give support to [[Duryodhana]] and fought against the Pandavas during the [[Kurukshetra War]]. He was killed by [[Yudhishthira]], the eldest Pandava. Other than the Madra kingdom (Eastern Madra or Purva Madra) with Sagala as its capital, it is believed that there was a Western Madra (Apara Madra) and a Northern Madra ([[Uttara Madra]]).

==Origin==
According to the Vayu Purana, the Madra kingdom was founded by King Ushinara Shibi of the Anu race. Anu was the son of [[Yayati]].

According to [[Bhagavata Purana]], The kingdom of [[Madra]] was founded by [[Madra]] who was the son of Anu King [[Shibi (king)|Shibi]] in [[Treta Yuga]].

==Madra Culture==

Bahlika people were considered as "outsiders" of the Vedic culture, as being a foreign tribe of [[Bharatvarsha]]. The name Bahlika is also used to denote a kingdom different from Madra, Sindhu, Kekeya, Gandhāra & Kamboja. The [[Kuru (kingdom)|Kuru]] king [[Shantanu]], a forefather of [[Kauravas]] and [[Pandavas]], had a brother who ruled the [[Bahlika kingdom]].

==Madra as a Bahlika country==

Bahlika or western countries were cold countries and people used blankets. They also reared sheep and drank [[sheep milk]]. They had good knowledge of camels. They had horses of excellent quality. Their horses and even [[cavalrymen|horsemen]] were used in the wars between kings of [[Aryavarta]] (North Indian kingdoms where Vedic culture of the norm, prevailed).

Their soldiers used to aid both the parties engaged in a battle on a payment basis. Probably this was the reason why Shalya, the Madra king, has to side with Duryodhana in the [[Kurukshetra War]], since he was tricked to accept the payment for siding with Duryodhana.

Another collective name denoting the western kingdoms is Arashtra or [[Aratta]], meaning a kingless country. This raises the doubt, whether these countries were a republic ruled by elected chiefs, if we take the positive sense of the word. In a negative sense the word Arashtra can mean a kingdom with no control or with utter disorder.

==Origin of Madra tribe (Pandu's second wife Madri's kingdom) ==

The [[Yavana kingdom|Yavanas]], the [[Kirata kingdom|Kiratas]], the [[China of Mahabharata|Chinas]], the [[Sora people|Savaras]], the Barbaras, the [[Scythians in the Mahabharata|Sakas]], the [[Tushara kingdom|Tusharas]], the Kankas, the Pathavas, the [[Andhra kingdom|Andhras]], the Madrakas, the [[Pundra kingdom|Paundras]], the [[Himalaya kingdom|Pulindas]], the Ramathas, the [[Kamboja kingdom|Kamvojas]] were mentioned together as tribes beyond the kingdoms of [[Aryavarta]]. The Aryavarta-kings had doubts on dealing with them. (12,64)<ref>{{cite book|last1=Menon|first1=Ramesh|title=The Mahabharata, A modern rendering|date=2006|publisher=iUniverse|isbn=9780595401888}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Ganguly|first1=Kisari|title=The Mahabharata|url=http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/m08/index.htm|website=www.sacred-texts.com}}</ref>

The Andrakas, Guhas, Pulindas, Savaras, Chuchukas, Madrakas, the Yamas, [[Kamboja kingdom|Kamvojas]], [[Kirata kingdom|Kiratas]] and Barbaras were mentioned as unknown tribes. In the '''Krita age''', they were nowhere on earth (meaning Ancient India). It is from the '''Treta age''' that they have had their origin and began to multiply. When the terrible period came, joining [[Treta Yuga]] and the [[Dvapara Yuga]], the [[Kshatriyas]], approaching one another, engaged themselves in battle (12,206).

The Madra tribe and [[Salwa kingdom|Salwa]] tribe had a common origin as hinted by a myth at (1,121). Here the origin of these two tribes were attributed to a king in the race of [[Puru (Vedic tribe)|Puru]], known by the name of Vyushitaswa. His wife was Bhadra, the daughter of Kakshivat (Kakshivat was the son of Gautama-Dirghatamas, begotten upon the servant-maid of the queen of a king named Vali who ruled in the outskirts of [[Magadha kingdom|Magadha]]. (See also [[Anga kingdom|Anga]] and [[Magadha kingdom|Magadha]]). Seven sons were born to Bhadra, after the death of Vyushitaswa. Later they all became kings. Three of them became the three kings of [[Salwa kingdom|Salwa]] and four of them became the four kings of Madra.

:''The myth describes that these seven kings were born of the dead-body of her husband!''

===Alliances of Madra brides with the Kurus===

'''Madra Custom of Marriage'''

[[Bhishma]], the fatherlike guardian of [[Kuru (kingdom)|Kuru]] king [[Pandu]] went to the capital of Madra, to ask for [[Shalya]]'s sister as a bride to Pandu. Upon which [[Shalya]] replies:- "There is a custom in our family observed by our ancestors, which, be it good or bad, I am incapable of transgressing it. It is well-known, and therefore is known to thee as well, I doubt not." The custom was that the groom had to give dowry to the kinsmen of the bride. Bhishma gave much wealth to Shalya and took Madri as the bride for [[Pandu]] (1,113).

[[Pandava]] [[Sahadeva]] married Vijaya, the daughter of Dyutimat, the king of Madra, obtaining her in a self-choice ceremony and begat upon her a son named Suhotra. (1,95)

===Kings of Madra===

====King Aswapati====

Aswapati was the son of [[Madra]] (the founder of Madra kingdom) and grandson of King [[Shibi (king)|Shibi]]. He was the father of [[Savitri and Satyavan|Savitri]] the famous princess of Madra, who became the lover (and later, wife) of the famous [[Salwa kingdom|Salwa]] prince [[Satyavan]]. Aswapati's wife was from a minor tribe known as [[Malava kingdom|Malava]]. She was known as Malavi (3,291). The sons of Aswapati and Malavi, later became the powerful Malava kings. They spread their kingdom as far as [[Avanti kingdom (Mahabharata)|Avanti]] ([[Ujjain]], [[Madhya Pradesh]]). Thus the royal line of Malavas originated from the Madra ([[Punjab (Pakistan)|Punjab]] province of Pakistan) king Aswapati (3,297).

====King Shalya / Mukappan====

[[Shalya]] was the most famous king from Madra. He became the generalissimo of the [[Kaurava]] army on the last day of the [[Kurukshetra War]]. He was the oldest spear-fighter battled in [[Kurukshetra War]].[[Bhima]] had defeated [[Shalya]] in mace-fight without knowing each other during the self-choice ceremony of [[Draupadi]] (1,192). He was slain by [[Pandava]] king [[Yudhishthira]] during the last day (18th day) of [[Kurukshetra War]]. [[Shalya]] was rated by [[Bhishma]] as an ''Athiratha''( a great chariot-warrior) (5,166). Shalya was also skilled in knowledge of steeds and in driving the chariot on the battlefield (8,31). For this reason, Shalya was forced to be the charioteer of [[Karna]] for one day during the war. [[Shalya]] had two sons named Rukmangada and Rukmaratha (1,188). Rukmaratha was mentioned as participating in the war. Similarly, many brothers of Shalya also participated in the war. His younger brother was slain by [[Abhimanyu]] (8,5). He is also called as Mukappan.

There were other Madra kings like Dyutimat mentioned at (1,95) as the father-in-law of [[Pandava]] [[Sahadeva]].

===Nakula's arrival at Madra kingdom===

''[[Nakula]], during his military campaign to the west, to collect tribute for [[Yudhishthira]]'s [[Rajasuya]] sacrifice came to the Madra kingdom also''

[[Nakula]] the son of [[Pandu]], by sheer force, reduced to subjection the Ramathas, the [[Hara Huna kingdom|Harahunas]], and various kings of the west. And while staying there Nakula sent, messengers unto [[Krishna in the Mahābhārata|Vasudeva Krishna]]. And Vasudeva with all the [[Yadu|Yadavas]] accepted his sway. And the mighty hero, proceeding thence to '''Sakala''', the city of the Madras, made his uncle [[Shalya]] accept from affection the sway of the [[Pandavas]]. The illustrious prince deserving the hospitality and entertainment at his uncle's hands, was well entertained by his uncle. [[Nakula]] obtained from Shalya a large quantity of jewels and gems and left his kingdom.

===Madra in Kurukshetra War===

Madra king [[Shalya]], came with an Akshouhini of troops to join the army of [[Pandavas]], since his nephews viz the twins [[Nakula]] and [[Sahadeva]] were none other than the youngest Pandavas. His troops marched slowly on every day from Madra ([[Punjab (Pakistan)|Punjab]] province of Pakistan) to [[Upaplavya]] (somewhere on the border of [[Rajasthan]] and [[Haryana]]), the [[Matsya kingdom|Matsya]] city, where the [[Pandavas]] were camped. When his army reached Kurujangala (the kingdom of the Pandavas, the modern-day [[Haryana]]), [[Duryodhana]]'s men intercepted the army. They, without revealing their identity, received Shalya and his men, made tents for them and refreshed them with all comforts. The Madra soldiers also received payment from Duryodhana's officers for taking part in the [[Kurukshetra War]]. [[Shalya]] became indebted to battle for the sake of [[Duryodhana]], by the time he learned the truth. (5,8).

The main antagonist of [[Shalya]] in bow-fight was, king [[Yudhishthira]] (5,57). Both of them engaged many times in battle. (6-45 etc.). He also made many battles with [[Nakula]] and [[Sahadeva]]. He defeated many like [[Virata]] and [[Drupada]]. [[Shalya]] became the driver of [[Karna]]'s chariot on the 17th day (8,36). On the last day [[Yudhishthira]] slew his uncle [[Shalya]], who was then the generalissimo of the Kaurava army (9,17).

Madra army battled along with other western armies like the [[Trigarta kingdom|Trigartas]], the [[Kekeya kingdom|Kekeyas]], the [[Gandhara kingdom|Gandharas]], the [[Yavana kingdom|Yavanas]], the [[Sindhu kingdom|Sindhus]], the [[Sauvira kingdom|Sauviras]], the Amvasthas etc. (6-51 etc.).

On the day when [[Shalya]] was forced to become the driver of [[Karna]]'s chariot, a dispute arose between them (8-40,44). The passages that describe this dispute give light to the cultural differences that existed between these warriors. (See [[Bahlika Culture]] for more details).

===Gupta period===
{{Location map+
|South Asia
|overlay_image= Map of the Gupta Empire.png
|float = right
|width = 290 
|border =
|nodiv = 1
|mini = 1
|relief=yes
|places =
{{Annotation|230|5|text-align=center|South Asia {{Circa|420 CE}}|font-weight=bold|font-style=normal|font-size=10|color=#000000}}
{{Annotation|85|80|[[Yaudheya|YAUDHEYAS]]|text-align=center|font-weight=bold|font-style=normal|font-size=6|color=#000000}}
{{Annotation|110|70|[[Arjunayanas|ARJUNAYANAS]]|text-align=center|font-weight=bold|font-style=normal|font-size=6|color=#000000}}
{{Annotation|80|60|MADRAKAS|text-align=center|font-weight=bold|font-style=normal|font-size=6|color=#000000}}
{{Annotation|80|115|[[Malavas|MALAVAS]]|text-align=center|font-weight=bold|font-style=normal|font-size=6|color=#000000}}
{{Annotation|175|82|text-align=center|[[Licchavi (kingdom)|LICCHAVIS]]|font-weight=bold|font-style=normal|font-size=7|color=#000000}}
{{Annotation|text-align=center|160|3|[[Tocharians|TOCHARIANS]]|font-weight=bold|font-style=normal|font-size=7|color=#000000}}
{{Annotation|105|142|text-align=center|[[Abhira dynasty|ABHIRAS]]|font-weight=bold|font-style=normal|font-size=6|color=#000000}}
{{Annotation|115|215|text-align=center|[[Kalabhra dynasty|KALABHRAS]]|font-weight=bold|font-style=normal|font-size=7|color=#000000}}{{Annotation|120|195|text-align=center|[[Western Ganga dynasty|WESTERN GANGAS]]|font-weight=bold|font-style=normal|font-size=5|color=#000000}}
{{Annotation|43|65|text-align=center|[[Hind (Sasanian province)|SASANIAN HIND]]|font-weight=bold|font-style=normal|font-size=6|color=#000000}}
{{Annotation|text-align=center|145|50|[[Zhangzhung|ZHANGZHUNG]]|font-weight=bold|font-style=normal|font-size=7|color=#000000}}
{{Annotation|85|152|text-align=center|[[Traikutaka dynasty|TRAITAKUTAS]]|font-weight=bold|font-style=normal|font-size=6|color=#000000}}
{{Annotation|100|165|text-align=center|[[Vakatakas|VAKATAKAS]]|font-weight=bold|font-style=normal|font-size=8|color=#000000}}
{{Annotation|95|185|text-align=center|[[Kadamba dynasty|KADAMBAS]]|font-weight=bold|font-style=normal|font-size=6|color=#000000}}
{{Annotation|210|130|text-align=center|[[Samatata|SAMATATAS]]|font-weight=bold|font-style=normal|font-size=6|color=#000000}}
{{Annotation|235|113|text-align=center|[[Gauda kingdom|GAUDA]]|font-weight=bold|font-style=normal|font-size=6|color=#000000}}
{{Annotation|247|90|text-align=center|[[Varman dynasty|KAMARUPAS]]|font-weight=bold|font-style=normal|font-size=6|color=#000000}}
{{Annotation|45|20|text-align=center|[[Kidarites|KIDARITES]]|font-weight=bold|font-style=normal|font-size=7|color=#000000}}
{{Annotation|15|5|text-align=center|[[Alchon Huns|ALCHON HUNS]]|font-weight=bold|font-style=normal|font-size=7|color=#000000}}
{{Annotation|1|45|text-align=center|[[Sasanian Empire|SASANIAN EMPIRE]]|font-weight=bold|font-style=normal|font-size=8|color=#000000}}
{{Annotation|262|250|[[Template:South Asia in 350 CE| ◁ ]] [[Template:South Asia in 500 CE| ▷ ]]|text-align=center|font-weight=bold|font-style=normal|font-size=12|color=#000000}}
|caption= {{center|1=Map of the Gupta Empire {{Circa|420 CE}}, according to [[Joseph E. Schwartzberg]], with contemporary polities<ref>{{cite book |last1=Schwartzberg |first1=Joseph E. |title=A Historical atlas of South Asia |date=1978 |publisher=University of Chicago Press |location=Chicago |page=[https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/schwartzberg/pager.html?object=182 145, map XIV.1 (j)]; [https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/schwartzberg/pager.html?object=062 p.25] |isbn=0226742210 |url=https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/schwartzberg/pager.html?object=182 |access-date=12 February 2022 |archive-date=24 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210224162023/https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/schwartzberg/pager.html?object=182 |url-status=live }}</ref>}}}}
During the time of the [[Gupta Empire]], the Indian emperor [[Samudragupta]] (ruled 350-375 CE) recorded Madraka as a "frontier kingdom" which paid an annual tribute. This was recorded by Samudragupta's [[Allahabad Pillar inscription]], which states the following in lines 22–23.

{{blockquote|[[File:Madraka in the Allahabad Pillar inscription.jpg|thumb|upright|left|"Madraka" in the [[Allahabad Pillar inscription]] of [[Samudragupta]] (350-375 CE)]]"Samudragupta, whose formidable rule was propitiated with the payment of all tributes, execution of orders and visits (to his court) for obeisance by such frontier rulers as those of Samataṭa, [[Ḍavāka]], [[Kamarupa|Kāmarūpa]], [[Nepala|Nēpāla]], and [[Kartṛipura]], and, by the [[Malavas|Mālavas]], [[Arjunayanas|Ārjunāyanas]], [[Yaudheyas|Yaudhēyas]], [[Mādrakas]], [[Abhira dynasty|Ābhīras]], Prārjunas, Sanakānīkas, Kākas, Kharaparikas, Karna and other nations"|Lines 22–23 of the [[Allahabad Pillar|Allahabad pillar inscription]] of [[Samudragupta]] (r.c.350-375 CE).<ref>{{cite book |last1=Fleet |first1=John Faithfull |title=Corpus Inscriptionum Indicarum Vol. 3 |date=1888 |pages=6–10 |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.49403/page/n213/mode/2up}}</ref>}}

==Other mentions==

*Madrabhujingas were mentioned as a kingdom of ancient India (Bharata Varsha) (6,9)
*[[Karna]] is mentioned as subjugating the Madras, along with the Gandharas, the Matsyas, the Trigartas, the Tanganas, the Khasas, the Pancalas, the Videhas, the Kulindas, the Kasi-kosalas, the Suhmas, the Angas, the Nishadhas, the Pundras, the Kichakas, the Vatsas, the Kalingas, the Taralas, the Asmakas, and the Rishikas (8,8)
*Trained elephants were mentioned as brought from the country of Madra by [[Krishna in the Mahābhārata|Vasudeva Krishna]]. These were given as present to the [[Pandavas]] on the occasion of their marriage with [[Draupadi]] (1,201). It is not clear how elephant could naturally exist in Madra (Punjab province of [[Pakistan]]). However, a training center to make them war-elephants could exist there.
*From the Nishadas sprang up the Madranabha caste whose members are seen to ride on cars drawn by asses. (13,48).
*Madra kings were equated to a clan of [[Asuras]] called Krodhaveshas. (1,67)
*In Vichitra Natak, a part of Dasam Granth authored by Guru Gobind Singh, there are numerous references to Madra.
*The [[Bhagavata Purana]], gives [[Ashtabharya|Lord Krishna's 7th wife]], [[Lakshmana (Krishna's wife)|Lakshmana]], the titles Madri ad Madrā, and cites her as a princess of Madra. In a different text, [[Padma Purana]], her father is named Brihatsena.

==References==
{{Reflist}}
* [[Mahabharata]] of [[Krishna Dwaipayana Vyasa]], translated to English by Kisari Mohan Ganguli

==External links==
{{Tribes and kingdoms of the Mahabharata}}

[[Category:Kingdoms in the Ramayana]]
[[Category:Kingdoms in the Mahabharata]]

Indian Human Spaceflight Programme

2026-03-10T13:23:28Z

Ferdinand78P: further add details for consistency and improved wording

{{Short description|Government programme}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
{{Infobox space programme
| name = Indian Human Spaceflight programme
| image = Indian Astronaut Logo.png
| image_size = 300px
| alt =
| caption = Gaganyaan astronaut insignia
| country = [[India]]
| organization = [[Human Space Flight Centre]] ([[ISRO]])
| purpose = [[Human spaceflight]]
| programme = y
| cost = {{INRConvert|20193|c}}
| status = Active
| duration = 2006–present<ref>{{cite web |title=Scientists Discuss Indian Manned Space Mission |url=https://www.isro.gov.in/update/07-nov-2006/scientists-discuss-indian-manned-space-mission |access-date=13 January 2020 |archive-date=13 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210413203522/https://www.isro.gov.in/update/07-nov-2006/scientists-discuss-indian-manned-space-mission |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| firstflight = [[Gaganyaan-1]] (Q1 2026)<ref name="ti-20221221">{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/gaganyaan-launch-delayed-manned-mission-now-in-fourth-quarter-of-2024/articleshow/96406198.cms |title=Gaganyaan launch delayed: Manned mission now in 'fourth quarter of 2024' |work=Times of India |date=21 December 2022 |access-date=15 February 2023}}</ref>
| firstcrewed = [[Gaganyaan-4]] ({{abbr|NET|No earlier than}} Q2 2027)<ref name="pib.gov.in" />
| lastflight =
| successes =
| failures =
| partialfailures =
| launchsite = [[Satish Dhawan Space Centre]]
| launcher = {{Hlist|[[LVM3]] (planned)}}
| native_name_a =
| native_name_r =
}}
The '''Indian Human Spaceflight Programme''' (or the '''Gaganyaan programme''') is an ongoing project by [[ISRO]] to develop the technology needed to launch [[Human spaceflight|crewed spacecraft]] into [[low Earth orbit]].<ref name=":0">{{cite web |date=16 August 2018 |title=Gaganyan: How to send an Indian into space |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/simply-put-how-to-send-an-indian-into-space-isro-maned-mission-5308964/ |website=Indian Express}}</ref>

Before the [[Gaganyaan]] programme announcement in August 2018, human spaceflight was not a priority for ISRO, though related technologies have been developed since 2007,<ref name="pl" /> and it performed a [[Crew Module Atmospheric Re-entry Experiment]]<ref name=":3">{{cite web | url=https://www.isro.gov.in/Spacecraft/crew-module-atmospheric-re-entry-experiment-care | title=Crew module Atmospheric Re-entry Experiment (CARE) - ISRO | access-date=19 September 2022 | archive-date=16 August 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220816084003/https://www.isro.gov.in/Spacecraft/crew-module-atmospheric-re-entry-experiment-care | url-status=dead }}</ref> and a [[ISRO Pad Abort Test|Pad Abort Test]] for the programme.<ref name=":4">{{Cite news|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/magazine/story/satellites-are-our-priority-now-not-human-space-flight/299103|title=Satellites Are Our Priority Now, Not Human Space Flight|work=Outlook|access-date=2017-07-21}}</ref><ref name="thehindu.com1">{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/technology/isros-first-pad-abort-test-successful/article24336860.ece|title=ISRO's first 'pad abort' test, critical for future human space mission, successful|date=5 July 2018|work=The Hindu}}</ref> In December 2018, the [[Indian government]] approved a further {{Indian Rupee|link=yes}}100 billion (US$1.5 billion) for a 7-day crewed flight of 2–3 astronauts.<ref name="ndtv.com">{{Cite news |title=Indian Astronaut Will Be In Space For 7 Days, Confirms ISRO Chairman |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/india-plans-to-put-man-in-space-for-7-days-says-indian-space-research-organisation-chairman-k-sivan-1900888 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250827080839/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/india-plans-to-put-man-in-space-for-7-days-says-indian-space-research-organisation-chairman-k-sivan-1900888 |archive-date=2025-08-27 |access-date= |work=[[NDTV]] |language=en}}</ref><ref name="toi-20181229">{{cite web |last=Singh |first=Surendra |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/union-cabinet-clears-rs-10000cr-for-indias-gaganyaan-project/articleshow/67288124.cms |title=Rs 10,000 crore plan to send 3 Indians to space by 2022 |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=29 December 2018 |access-date=29 December 2018}}</ref><ref name=flyaway1>[https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/3-indians-to-be-sent-to-space-for-7-days-by-2022-cabinet-approves-budget-1969358 Indians To Spend 7 Days In Space In Rs. 10,000 Crore Gaganyaan Plan: 10 Points], NDTV, 28 December 2018.</ref><ref name="thenewsminute.com">{{cite web|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/jfk-1961-modi-2018-pm-announces-indian-space-2022-isro-ready-86635|title=JFK in 1961, Modi in 2018: PM announces 'Indian in space by 2022,' but is ISRO ready?|last=Suresh|first=Haripriya|date=15 August 2018|website=The News Minute}}</ref> Three [[Spaceflight#Uncrewed|uncrewed flights]], named [[Gaganyaan-1]], [[Gaganyaan-2]] and [[Gaganyaan-3]] are scheduled to launch in the 2020s, followed by a crewed flight on an [[LVM3#Human-rating certification|HLVM3]] rocket.<ref name="pib.gov.in">{{Cite web |title=Prime Minister reviews readiness of Gaganyaan Mission |url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleseDetail.aspx?PRID=1968368}}</ref><ref name="ti-20221221" /><ref name="tp-20221204">{{cite web |last=Ramesh |first=Sandhya |date=4 December 2022 |title=India's first human spaceflight Gaganyan in limbo, astronauts partially trained, ISRO silent |url=https://theprint.in/science/indias-first-human-spaceflight-gaganyan-in-limbo-astronauts-partially-trained-isro-silent/1245696/ |access-date=6 December 2022 |work=[[ThePrint]]}}</ref> To date, mission has been postponed several times until all certification requirements are completed.<ref name="toi-20210722">{{cite web |last=Kumar |first=Chethan |date=22 July 2021 |title=Gaganyaan 1st uncrewed mission unlikely before June 2022; no life support systems testing |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/science/gaganyaan-1st-uncrewed-mission-unlikely-before-june-2022-no-life-support-systems-testing/articleshow/84655380.cms |access-date=23 July 2021 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref><ref name="tribune-20210701">{{cite web |date=1 July 2021 |title=First human-rated test flight for India's Gaganyaan not likely in 2021 |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/schools/first-human-rated-test-flight-for-indias-gaganyaan-not-likely-in-2021-276721 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211029175052/https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/schools/first-human-rated-test-flight-for-indias-gaganyaan-not-likely-in-2021-276721 |archive-date=29 October 2021 |access-date=1 July 2021 |work=[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=India's space journey: Interactive timeline and infographics |url=https://www.thehindu.com/infographics/2025-07-25/indias-space-journey/index.html |access-date=2025-11-17 |website=The Hindu |language=en}}</ref>

If completed successfully, India will become the [[History of human spaceflight|fourth nation]] to conduct independent human spaceflight after the [[Soviet Union]] (Russia), United States, and China. After conducting the first crewed spaceflights, the agency intends to start a [[Bharatiya Antariksh Station|space station programme]], crewed [[Moon landing|lunar landings]], and crewed [[Interplanetary spaceflight|interplanetary]] missions in the long term.<ref name=":5">{{Cite news| title = India eying an indigenous station in space |url = https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/science/india-planning-to-have-own-space-station-isro-chief/article27897953.ece| date = 13 June 2019| access-date = 13 June 2019| work =[[Business Line|The Hindu Business Line]]}}</ref><ref name="HTSep20"/>

== History ==
[[File:Rakesh Sharma Chest Patch.svg|thumb|Patch of Indian Cosmonaut Mission 1 in 1984]]

=== Soyuz and early achievement ===
On 3 April 1984, [[Rakesh Sharma]] became the first Indian citizen to travel to space on board [[Soyuz T-11]] as part of the [[Interkosmos]] programme, visiting [[Salyut 7]].<ref name="hin">{{cite news|url=http://m.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/the-down-to-earth-rakesh-sharma/article381946.ece/|title=The down to earth Rakesh Sharma|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=4 April 2010|access-date=5 April 2014|first=Pankaja|last=Srinivasan|archive-date=24 July 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150724161536/http://m.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/the-down-to-earth-rakesh-sharma/article381946.ece/|url-status=dead}}</ref> The mission was launched on board a Soviet rocket and was not part of an independent Indian programme, but it became the starting point for India's manned space program.

On 9 August 2007, the then Chairman of the ISRO, [[G. Madhavan Nair]], indicated the agency was "seriously considering" the creation of a human spaceflight programme. He further indicated that within a year, ISRO would report on its development of new space capsule technologies.<ref name=":6">{{cite news | url = http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/holnus/008200708091621.htm | title=ISRO considering manned space mission: Nair |work=The Hindu |location=Chennai, India | date=9 August 2007}}</ref> Development of a fully autonomous [[Spacecraft|orbital vehicle]] to carry a two-member crew into [[low Earth orbit]] (LEO) began a few months after that, when the government allocated {{INRConvert|95|c|lk=c|1}} for pre-programme initiatives for 2007 through 2008. A crewed orbital spaceflight would require about {{INRConvert|12400|c|1}} and a period of seven years of development. The Planning Commission estimated that a budget of {{INRConvert|5000|c|1}} was required for initial work during 2007–2012 for the crewed spaceflight.<ref name=pl>{{cite web |url=http://planningcommission.nic.in:80/aboutus/committee/wrkgrp11/wg11_subspace.pdf |title=Eleventh Five year Plan (2007–12) proposals for Indian space programme|access-date=21 June 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130512061627/http://planningcommission.nic.in/aboutus/committee/wrkgrp11/wg11_subspace.pdf |archive-date=12 May 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=bs2>{{cite news | url=http://www.business-standard.com/india/storypage.php?autono=336718&chkFlg= | title = ISRO plans manned mission to moon in 2014 | work=Business Standard}}</ref> In February 2009, the [[Government of India]] authorised the human space flight programme,<ref name="BBC">[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/8483787.stm "India announces first manned space mission"]. BBC. 27 January 2010</ref> but fell short of fully funding or creating it.

The trials for crewed space missions began in 2007 with the 600 kg [[Space Capsule Recovery Experiment]] (SRE), launched using the [[Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle]] (PSLV) rocket, and safely returned to Earth 12 days later. This was followed by the [[Crew Module Atmospheric Re-entry Experiment]] and the [[ISRO Pad Abort Test|Pad Abort Test]] in 2018. This enabled the ISRO to develop [[Refractory|heat-resistant materials]], technology, and procedures necessary for human space travel.

As per the [[memorandum of understanding]] (MoU), [[Defence Research and Development Organisation]] (DRDO) will provide support for the programme with critical human-centric systems and technologies like space-grade food, crew healthcare, [[Ionizing radiation|radiation]] measurement and protection, [[parachute]]s for safe recovery of the crew module, and [[fire suppression system]]s.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.financialexpress.com/lifestyle/science/gaganyaan-drdo-to-provide-special-space-food-and-emergency-survival-kit-for-isros-manned-mission/1888944/|title=Gaganyaan: DRDO to provide special space food and emergency survival kit for ISRO's manned mission|date=2020-03-04|website=The Financial Express|language=en-US|access-date=2020-03-06}}</ref> The [[Defence Food Research Laboratory]] (DFRL) has worked on [[space food]] for the crew and has conducted trials on a [[G-suit]] for astronauts as well.<ref>{{Cite news| url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/chennai/2016/dec/03/def-lab-works-on-food-for-spaceflight-crew-1545121.html| title=Def lab works on food for spaceflight crew| work=The New Indian Express| access-date=2018-08-18}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/bangalore/report-dosa-or-dum-aloo-what-will-india-s-first-astronauts-eat-1360741| title=Dosa or dum aloo. What will India's first astronauts eat?| date=2010-03-19| work=DNA| access-date=2018-08-18| language=en-US}}</ref> A prototype called the ''Advanced Crew Escape Suit'' weighing 13 kg and built by Sure Safety (India) Private Limited has been tested and performance verified.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ahmedabad DNA G & G [PG 16] : Vadodara-based company develops space suit for ISRO |url=http://epaper.dnaindia.com/story.aspx?id=74871&boxid=3575&ed_date=2015-12-02&ed_code=1310005&ed_page=16 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180819011202/http://epaper.dnaindia.com/story.aspx?id=74871&boxid=3575&ed_date=2015-12-02&ed_code=1310005&ed_page=16 |archive-date=19 August 2018 |access-date=2018-08-18 |website=epaper.dnaindia.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/technology/science/gujarats-firms-helping-isro-shape-up-manned-space-mission/| title=Gujarat's firms helping ISRO shape up 'manned space mission' |date=2015-11-03 |work=The Indian Express| access-date=2018-08-18 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |last= |title=Gujarat's Firm Develops India's First Space Suit for ISRO {{!}} Make in India |date=2016-02-12 |work= |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5LNpD7CXwMY |access-date=2018-08-18 |publisher=IndiaTV}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=16 November 2016 |title=Government of India, Department of Space, Unstarred Question number 213 Lok Sabha |url=http://164.100.47.190/loksabhaquestions/annex/10/AU213.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180818202916/http://164.100.47.190/loksabhaquestions/annex/10/AU213.pdf |archive-date=18 August 2018 |access-date=19 August 2018}}</ref> While the crew module is designed to carry a total of three passengers, the [[Maiden flight|maiden]] crewed mission may only have one or two crewmembers on board.<ref name="HTJan2020">{{Cite news|author=Anonna Dutt|date=2020-01-08|title=India's first manned mission Gaganyaan may take 1 astronaut|newspaper=Hindustan Times|url=https://m.hindustantimes.com/india-news/india-s-first-manned-mission-gaganyaan-may-take-1-astronaut/story-nh095IVken3trSu0V1wVnK.html|access-date=2020-01-13}}</ref>

=== Approval of the programme ===
All preliminary tests being successful,<ref>{{cite press release |title=ISRO to send first Indian into Space by 2022 as announced by PM, says Dr Jitendra Singh |url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=183103 |publisher=Press Information Bureau, Government of India |agency= Department of Space |date=28 August 2018}}</ref> the decisive push for the creation of the Human Spaceflight Programme (HSP) took place in 2017,<ref name="Kadursrinivas 2017">{{cite web |last1=Rao |first1=Mukund Kadursrinivas |last2=Murthi |first2=Sridhara K. R. |last3=S. |first3=Prasad M. Y. |date=5-29 September 2017 |title=The Decision for Indian Human Spaceflight Programme – Political Perspectives, National Relevance and Technological Challenges |url=http://eprints.nias.res.in/1359/1/2017-MK-Rao-IAC-17-B3-1-9-IndianHumanSpaceFlightFullPaper.pdf |website=NIAS Repository |series=68th International Astronautical Congress (IAC) |publisher=International Astronautical Federation}}</ref> and it was accepted and formally announced by Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]] on 15 August 2018.<ref>{{cite news |title=Indian will take national flag to space on board Gaganyaan by 2022, says PM Narendra Modi in Independence Day speech |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/indian-will-take-national-flag-to-space-on-board-gaganyaan-by-2022-says-pm-narendra-modi-in-independence-day-speech/story-ctNAmDef79gbpj7OHrU8dP.html |work=Hindustan Times |date=15 August 2018 |language=en}}</ref> The funding is approximately Rs 10,000 crore. The testing phase was expected to begin in December 2020, and the first crewed mission was to be undertaken in December 2021.<ref>{{Cite web| url=https://thewire.in/space/cabinet-clears-rs-10000-crore-for-indian-spaceflight-programme-target-is-2022| title=Cabinet Okays ISRO's Human Spaceflight Programme for Rs 10,000 Crore| website=The Wire| access-date=2018-12-30}}</ref> However, on 11 June 2020, it was announced that the overall schedule for the Gaganyaan launches had been postponed due to the impact of the [[COVID-19 pandemic in India]], in turn revising the timetable for the HSP.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|last=Kumar|first=Chethan|date=11 June 2020|title=Gaganyaan mission: No Gaganyaan unmanned flight this year |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/no-gaganyaan-unmanned-flight-this-year/articleshow/76315319.cms|access-date=2020-06-13|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref> As of December 2022, the first uncrewed test flight is scheduled to launch no earlier than mid-2024,<ref name="toi-20210722" /> with the uncrewed second and crewed third flights to follow afterward.<ref name="tp-20221204" />

As per ISRO, the initial review process is complete for food, [[potable water]], emergency first aid kits, and health monitoring systems for the Gaganyaan programme through 16 March 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-03-04 |title=Gaganyaan: DRDO to provide special space food and emergency survival kit for ISRO's manned mission |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/life/science-gaganyaan-drdo-to-provide-special-space-food-and-emergency-survival-kit-for-isros-manned-mission-1888944/ |access-date=2025-06-25 |website=The Financial Express |language=en}}</ref> ISRO and the [[CNES]] joint working group on the HSP are collaborating on [[space medicine]] for the programme.<ref>{{Cite web|date=20 March 2021|title=India, France Working On 3rd Joint Space Mission, Says ISRO Chairman|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/india-france-working-on-3rd-joint-space-mission-says-isro-chairman-k-sivan-2395047|access-date=2021-03-21|website=NDTV}}</ref> India has also maintained long-standing space relationship with Russia, like examples of international friendship and cooperations with [[Roscosmos|ROSCOSMOS]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=aniruddh |date=2020-01-25 |title=Gaganyaan gives a boost to India-Russia space partnership |url=https://indbiz.gov.in/gaganyaan-gives-a-boost-to-india-russia-space-partnership/ |access-date=2025-11-17 |website=IndBiz {{!}} Economic Diplomacy Division |language=en-US}}</ref> Four new Indian astronauts for the first human mission trained at Russia's [[Yuri Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center|Yuri Gagarin cosmonaut training center]], experts were dispatched to the center for an exchange program, and the two countries have an agreement for developing the mission's technology.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-02-27 |title=Astronauts on Isro's Gaganyaan mission trained at same centre in Russia where Rakesh Sharma underwent training |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/astronauts-on-gaganyaan-mission-trained-at-same-center-in-russia-where-rakesh-sharma-underwent-training/articleshow/108041061.cms |access-date=2025-11-17 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Gaganyaan Mission: How 4 Indian astronauts were trained in Russia - Gaganyaan astronauts named |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/science/gaganyaan-mission-how-4-indian-astronauts-were-trained-in-russia/gaganyaan-astronauts-named/slideshow/108043859.cms |access-date=2025-11-17 |website=The Economic Times |language=en}}</ref>

=== Progress in personal affairs ===
On 4 August 2024, ISRO, [[NASA]] and [[SpaceX]] announced that an Indian astronaut, [[Shubhanshu Shukla]], would serve as a pilot on board [[Axiom Mission 4]], a private [[Crew Dragon]] mission to the [[International Space Station]] (ISS). He became the second-ever Indian to travel to space, first Indian space tourist, with the express goal of gaining experience for future ISRO missions.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Foust |first1=Jeff |title=Hungary and Poland to join India on Ax-4 |url=https://spacenews.com/hungary-and-poland-to-join-india-on-ax-4/ |website=[[SpaceNews]] |access-date=18 February 2025}}</ref> The mission was launched on 25 June 2025.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://spaceflightnow.com/2025/06/09/live-coverage-spacex-to-launch-fourth-commercial-axiom-mission-to-the-space-station/|title=Live coverage: SpaceX to launch fourth commercial Axiom mission to the space station|date=June 25, 2025}}</ref> At the 9th meeting of the India-USA Civil Space Joint Working Group, proposal for future Gaganyaan Docking to the International Space Station and joint development of EVA and EMU suits as well as ccollaborations in Space medicine and LEO and lunar mission management control are expected to be discussed.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2026-02-20 |title=India, US moot Gaganyaan uncrewed docking with ISS; 9th working group meeting to chalk out more details |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/science/india-us-moot-gaganyaan-uncrewed-docking-with-iss-9th-working-group-meeting-to-chalk-out-more-details/articleshow/128589164.cms |access-date=2026-02-20 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

== Spacecraft development ==
{{main|Gaganyaan}}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Gaganyaan launch schedule<ref name="toi-20210722" /><ref name="PIBFeb21" /><ref name="toi-20211111" />
! Mission
! Launch date
! Crew
! Launch vehicle
! Duration
! Goal
! Status
|-
! [[Gaganyaan-1]]
| Q4 2025<ref name="ti-20221221"/><ref name="theweek">{{Cite web |url=https://www.theweek.in/news/sci-tech/2022/01/25/exclusive-no-gaganyaan-unmanned-flight-this-year.html |title=Exclusive: No Gaganyaan unmanned flight this year |website=[[The Week (Indian magazine)|The Week]]}}</ref>
| rowspan="3" {{n/a}}
| rowspan="4" | [[LVM3]]
| rowspan="3" | 2 days
| [[Technology demonstration]]
| {{Planned|Under integration and testing}}
|-
! [[Gaganyaan-2]]
| {{Abbr|NET|No earlier than}} 2026<ref name="tp-20221204" /><ref name="theweek"/>
| Technology demonstration mission carrying [[Vyommitra]], the humanoid robot
| {{Planned}}
|-
! [[Gaganyaan-3]]
| NET 2026 <ref name="tp-20221204" /><ref name="theweek"/><ref name="pib.gov.in"/>
| Technology demonstration with Vyommitra
| {{Planned}}
|-
! [[Gaganyaan-4]]
| NET 2027 <ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-10-28 |title=Gaganyaan Scheduled for 2026, Chandrayaan-4 to Launch by 2028: ISRO |url=https://www.gadgets360.com/science/news/india-s-gaganyaan-set-for-2026-launch-chandrayaan-4-by-2028-isro-s-vision-6892202 |access-date=2024-10-31 |website=Gadgets 360 |language=en}}</ref>
| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Shubhanshu Shukla]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=India's Path to Space: Group Captain Shukla Commands Gaganyaan {{!}} Headlines |url=https://www.devdiscourse.com/article/headlines/3480764-indias-path-to-space-group-captain-shukla-commands-gaganyaan |access-date=2025-06-25 |website=Devdiscourse |language=en}}</ref> {{flagicon|IND}} TBD<ref>{{Cite web |title=ISRO yet to take call on number of astronauts |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/india/isro-yet-to-take-call-on-number-of-astronauts-595220/ |access-date=2025-06-09 |website=The Tribune |language=en}}</ref>
| TBD
| First crewed flight
| {{planned}}
|}

[[File:Gaganyaan drop test to G1.webp|thumb|[[Gaganyaan]] development timeline|313x313px]]
The first phase of the programme is to develop and fly the {{Convert|3.7|tonne|lbs|abbr=on}} Gaganyaan spacecraft with the capacity to carry a three-member crew to LEO and safely return to Earth, after a mission duration of a few orbits to two days.<ref name="toi-20211111">{{cite web |last=Singh |first=Surendra |date=11 November 2021 |title=COVID stalled Gaganyaan project, manned mission will finally be launched in 2023: ISRO Chief |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/covid-stalled-gaganyaan-project-manned-mission-will-finally-be-launched-in-2023-isro-chief/articleshow/87650517.cms |access-date=23 November 2021 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> The extendable version of the spacecraft will allow flights up to seven days, and have [[Space rendezvous|rendezvous]] and [[Docking and berthing of spacecraft|docking]] capability. Before the flight of the Gaganyaan module, Group Captain Shubhanshu Shukla flew on the Axiom-4 mission to the ISS.<ref>{{Cite news |author=The Hindu Bureau|date=2024-08-02 |title=India selects two astronaut-designates for upcoming Axiom-4 mission to International Space Station |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/science/india-selects-two-astronaut-designates-for-upcoming-axiom-4-mission-to-international-space-station/article68477978.ece |access-date=2024-08-02 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-08-02 |title=Nasa to launch India's Group Captain Shubhanshu Shukla to Space Station |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/science/story/nasa-isro-india-group-captain-shubhanshu-shukla-international-space-station-gaganyaan-2575972-2024-08-02 |access-date=2024-08-02 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>

In the next phase, the development of a small habitat is planned, allowing spaceflight durations of 30–40 days. Further advances based on experience have the goal of developing a [[space station]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-01-19 |title=We're talking of habitation on moon, Mars ... we have to know how to adapt: ISRO Chief K. Sivan |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/technology/science/isro-chief-k-sivan-interview-habitation-on-moon-mars-5545632/ |access-date=2025-09-29 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

On 7 October 2016, [[Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre]] Director [[K. Sivan]] stated that ISRO was gearing up to conduct a critical crew bailout test called the Pad Abort Test to see how fast and effectively the crew module could be released safely in the event of an emergency. The tests were conducted successfully on 5 July 2018, at [[Satish Dhawan Space Centre]] on [[Sriharikota]]. This was the first of a series of tests to qualify the [[launch escape system]].<ref name="isro.gov.in">{{Cite web|url=https://www.isro.gov.in/hi/update/05-jul-2018/successful-flight-testing-of-crew-escape-system-technology-demonstrator| title= Successful flight testing of crew escape system technology demonstrator - ISRO |website=www.isro.gov.in |language=en| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180705234350/https://www.isro.gov.in/hi/update/05-jul-2018/successful-flight-testing-of-crew-escape-system-technology-demonstrator| archive-date=5 July 2018| access-date=2018-07-05}}</ref><ref name="ReferenceA">{{Cite news |last= |first= |date=2018-07-05 |title=ISRO's first 'pad abort' test, critical for future human space mission, successful |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/technology/isros-first-pad-abort-test-successful/article24336860.ece |access-date= |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> Parachute tests were scheduled before the end of 2019, and multiple in-flight abort tests were planned starting mid-2020.<ref name = "AstrotalkUK">{{Cite web|title = Episode 90 – An update on ISRO's activities with S Somanath and R Umamaheshwaran|url = https://astrotalkuk.org/episode-90-an-update-on-isros-activities-with-s-somanath-and-r-umamaheshwaran/|date = 24 October 2019|access-date = 30 October 2019|publisher = AstrotalkUK}}</ref>{{update inline|date=March 2024}}

India will not use any animals for [[life support system]] testing, but robots resembling humans instead.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/isro-not-to-fly-living-being-before-actual-manned-space-mission-official-1916654|title=ISRO Not To Fly Living Being Before Actual Manned Space Mission: Official|work=NDTV.com|access-date=2018-09-16}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2019-01-18 |title=Before humans, 'humanoids' to do experiments in space |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/before-humans-humanoids-to-do-experiments-in-space/articleshow/67580180.cms |access-date= |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> ISRO is targeting more than 99.8% reliability for its launch escape system.<ref>{{cite news|title=Suits from Vadodara, parachutes from Agra: Inside ISRO's plan to launch India's first astronauts|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/science/suits-from-vadodara-parachutes-from-agra-inside-isros-plan-to-launch-indias-first-astronauts/articleshow/67584640.cms}}</ref>

ISRO plans to launch its crewed orbiter Gaganyaan atop a [[Launch Vehicle Mark 3]] (LVM3).<ref name="tribune-20210701" /> About 16 minutes after lift-off, the rocket will [[Orbital maneuver|inject]] the orbital vehicle into an orbit 300 to 400 km above Earth. The capsule will return for a [[splashdown]] in the [[Arabian Sea]] near the [[Gujarat]] coastline.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/manned-space-mission-before-75th-i-day-isro-chief/article24803753.ece|title=Manned space mission before 75th I-Day: ISRO chief|last=Peri|first=Dinakar|date=2018-08-28|work=The Hindu|access-date=2018-08-29|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> As of May 2019, the design of the crew module was complete.<ref>{{Cite news|title = India's first solar mission in 2020: ISRO chairman|url = https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/madurai/indias-first-solar-mission-in-2020-isro-chairman/articleshow/69169011.cms|date = 4 May 2019|access-date = 5 May 2019|newspaper = [[The Times of India]]}}</ref> The spacecraft will be flown twice uncrewed for validation before conducting a crewed spaceflight.<ref name = "AIR">{{Cite news| title = ISRO to launch two unmanned space missions in 2020 and 2021| url = http://www.newsonair.com/Main-News-Details.aspx?id=358238| date = 18 January 2019| access-date = 5 May 2019| newspaper = [[All India Radio]]| archive-date = 17 July 2020| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200717070710/http://www.newsonair.com/Main-News-Details.aspx?id=358238| url-status = dead}}</ref><ref name="TOI1">{{Cite news |date=30 December 2018 |title=ISRO to build 3 sets of rockets, crew modules for Gaganyaan |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/isro-to-build-3-sets-of-rockets-crew-modules-for-gaganyaan/articleshow/67306001.cms |access-date=5 May 2019 |newspaper=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref><ref name="TOI2">{{Cite news| title = ISRO to use a humanoid, not animal, for Gaganyaan tests |url = https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/before-humans-humanoids-to-do-experiments-in-space/articleshow/67580180.cms| date = 18 January 2019| access-date = 5 May 2019| newspaper = [[The Times of India]]}}</ref> As of January 2020, the crew module was due to undergo testing in the [[wind tunnel]] facility of the [[Council of Scientific and Industrial Research]] (CSIR) at the [[National Aerospace Laboratories]] (NAL).<ref>{{Cite news|author=Shimona Kanwar|title=Gaganyaan to be tested in wind tunnel facility of CSIR laboratory|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chandigarh/gaganyaan-to-be-tested-in-wind-tunnel-facility-of-csir-laboratory/articleshow/73197813.cms|newspaper=The Times of India|date=2020-01-11|access-date=2020-01-13}}</ref> The spacecraft will carry one crewmember in its maiden crewed mission to an orbit of {{cvt|400|km}}.<ref name="HTJan2020"/>

The first uncrewed flight will involve the launch of a {{cvt|5,000|kg}} module which, after orbiting will re-enter the atmosphere and decelerate at an altitude of {{cvt|7|km}} before splashing down.<ref name="ARDEParachute">{{Cite news|author=Anantha Krishnan M|date=2020-11-11|location=Bengaluru|title=Gaganyaan Unplugged-7: ADRDE recovery system to play critical role during India's manned mission|url=https://www.onmanorama.com/news/nation/2020/11/10/gaganyaan-unplugged-adrde-recovery-system-manned-space-mission-india.html|newspaper=On Manorama|access-date=2020-11-11}}</ref>

== Infrastructure development ==
=== Launch pad ===
[[File:Second Launch Pad.jpg|thumb|left|Second Launch Pad of the Satish Dhawan Space Centre]]
India's maiden crewed mission is expected to take off from the [[Satish Dhawan Space Centre Second Launch Pad|Satish Dhawan Space Centre's Second Launch Pad]]. In November 2019, ISRO sought out contractors for augmenting the pad.<ref>{{Cite web|title = SDSC SHAR/Sr.HPS/PT/RO/11/2019-20|url = https://www.isro.gov.in/sdsc-shar-srhps-gt-ro-11-2019-2020|date = 7 November 2019|access-date = 22 November 2019|publisher = [[Indian Space Research Organization]]|website = www.isro.gov.in|archive-date = 8 November 2019|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20191108102554/https://www.isro.gov.in/sdsc-shar-srhps-gt-ro-11-2019-2020|url-status = dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=7 November 2019 |title=RFP to Realise Hydrant System for Augmented Facilities at SLP Complex (ASLP) SDSC, Shar Sriharikota |url=https://www.isro.gov.in/sites/default/files/tenders/pt_ro_11_12242.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201012081817/https://www.isro.gov.in/sites/default/files/tenders/pt_ro_11_12242.pdf |archive-date=12 October 2020 |access-date=22 November 2019 |website=www.isro.gov.in |publisher=[[Indian Space Research Organization]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=7 November 2019 |title=Work Contract to carry out Video & Still Photography documentation coverage and Video Editing Works of Technical Photography Facility |url=https://www.isro.gov.in/sites/default/files/tenders/pt_ro_11_12323.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191108102438/https://www.isro.gov.in/sites/default/files/tenders/pt_ro_11_12323.pdf |archive-date=8 November 2019 |access-date=22 November 2019 |website=www.isro.gov.in |publisher=[[Indian Space Research Organization]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=7 November 2019 |title=Supply of Raw Material, Fabrication, Erection and Commissioning of Structural Elements for Gaganyaan Mission at Umbilical Tower of Second Launch Pad (SLP) |url=https://www.isro.gov.in/sites/default/files/tenders/pt_ro_11_12444.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201012075917/https://www.isro.gov.in/sites/default/files/tenders/pt_ro_11_12444.pdf |archive-date=12 October 2020 |access-date=22 November 2019 |website=[[Indian Space Research Organization|ISRO]] |publisher=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=7 November 2019 |title=Realisation of New Hydraulic System for Crew Access Arm (CAA) & Augmentation/Modification of Existing SCVRP-3 Hydraulic System for Servicing Gaganyaan Mission at Umbilical Tower (UT) of Second Launch Pad (SLP) |url=https://www.isro.gov.in/sites/default/files/tenders/pt_ro_11_12508.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201015062919/https://www.isro.gov.in/sites/default/files/tenders/pt_ro_11_12508.pdf |archive-date=15 October 2020 |access-date=22 November 2019 |website=[[Indian Space Research Organization|ISRO]] |publisher=}}</ref> A [[Satish Dhawan Space Centre Third Launch Pad|third launch pad]] in Sriharikota has been proposed for India's future launch vehicles and crewed missions.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/isro-to-begin-process-for-human-space-flight-mission-65857-2010-01-25 | title=ISRO to begin process for Human Space Flight Mission | work=[[Press Trust of India|PTI]] | date=26 January 2010 | agency=[[India Today]] | access-date=22 November 2019 | location=Hyderabad}}</ref> Systems for crew ingress and egress, an access platform, recovery setup for emergencies during the flight's ascent phase, and a module preparation facility for assembly and testing will be built. All the facilities will be connected to an upcoming Gaganyaan control facility which will be built nearby to facilitate communication and monitor the crew capsule during flight.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Mission Gaganyaan: A small stepway for man, a giant leap for India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/a-small-stepway-for-man-a-giant-leap-for-india/articleshow/108829703.cms |access-date=2024-04-01 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

=== Human-rating of LVM3 ===
[[File:HLVM3.svg|thumb|2D representation of ISRO's human-rated LVM3 (HLVM3)]]
[[Human-rating]] certifies that a system is capable of safely transporting humans. ISRO will launch three missions to validate the human rating of the LVM3.<ref name="pib.gov.in"/><ref name=":1">{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/isro-to-build-3-sets-of-rockets-crew-modules-for-gaganyaan/articleshow/67306001.cms|title=ISRO to build 3 sets of rockets, crew modules for Gaganyaan |website=The Times of India|date=30 December 2018 |access-date=2018-12-30}}</ref> Existing launch facilities will be upgraded to carry out launches under the HSP campaign.<ref>{{cite news |title=India's human space programme gets a fillip |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2018/nov/15/indias-human-space-programme-gets-a-fillip-1898396.html |access-date=11 January 2019 |quote=Initially, the plan was the construct a new launch pad for the human space flight, but Sivan told the Express that due to paucity of time one of the two existing launch pads is being modified to meet the requirement.}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Question number 1733 in Rajya Sabha |url=https://164.100.158.235/question/annex/247/Au1733.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230416160637/https://164.100.158.235/question/annex/247/Au1733.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-date=16 April 2023 |access-date=11 January 2019 |quote=It is proposed to utilise the existing launch pad with augmentation for carrying out the initial flights under the Gaganyaan manned space flight programme. }}</ref>

ISRO has been modifying propulsion modules of various stages of the rocket for human rating. Theoretical parameters for human rating were expected to be achieved by August or September 2020 to be followed by simulations and three test launches.<ref name = "TOIMarch2020"/>{{update inline|date=March 2024}}

=== Escape system ===
[[File:TVD1-Brochure elements 22.png|thumb|Launch escape system|left]]
ISRO successfully conducted a pad abort test to validate its launch escape system for fast and effective crew extraction in emergencies. The tests were conducted on 5 July 2018, at Satish Dhawan Space Centre. This was the first of a series of tests to qualify the launch escape system technology.<ref name="isro.gov.in"/><ref name="ReferenceA"/> Work on parachute enlargement is also ongoing {{As of|2019|lc=y}}.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/national/isro-drdo-agra-labs-make-711368.html|title=Agra lab parachutes to bring back India astronauts|date=2019-01-04|website=Deccan Herald|language=en|access-date=2019-01-11}}</ref> Parachute tests are scheduled before the end of 2019, and multiple in-flight abort tests are planned starting mid-2020, using a liquid-fueled test vehicle.<ref name = "AstrotalkUK"/><ref>{{cite news |title=ISRO all set to test Gaganyaan's crew abort system |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/isro-all-set-to-test-gaganyaans-crew-abort-system/articleshow/71768673.cms |access-date=30 October 2019}}</ref>{{update inline|date=March 2024}}

A new test vehicle was designed in early 2020 for the validation of the launch escape system. The vehicle was built for in-flight crew escape of crew and possesses propulsion on top of the module to pull the module away to a safe distance.<ref name="TOIMarch2020">{{Cite news |last=Kumar |first=Chethan |date=2020-02-29 |title=Gaganyaan: ISRO designs new vehicle to test crew escape systems |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/gaganyaan-isro-designs-new-vehicle-to-test-crew-escape-systems/articleshow/74410901.cms |access-date=2020-03-02 |newspaper=The Times of India}}</ref>

=== Certification ===
ISRO is developing its own criteria to certify its spacecraft that will take humans to space.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ISRO to develop indigenous method to certify spacecraft |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2024/jan/08/isro-to-develop-indigenous-method-to-certify-spacecraft-2648997.html |access-date=2024-01-08 |website=The New Indian Express|date=8 January 2024 }}</ref>

=== Communication ===
The spacecraft is expected to communicate with [[ISTRAC]] and other partner antennae. For the initial test flights, terminal ships will be placed in the [[Pacific Ocean|Pacific]] and [[Atlantic Ocean|Atlantic]] oceans to communicate with the spacecraft.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-11-25 |title=Gaganyaan mission: ISRO gives good news, mission to be launched in..., plan includes... |url=https://www.india.com/science/gaganyaan-mission-isro-gives-good-news-mission-to-be-launched-in-plan-includes-7419682/ |access-date=2024-11-25 |website=India.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Gaganyaan's Unmanned Mission May Go To Space Next March, ISRO Ships To Track From Pacific, Atlantic Oceans |url=https://www.news18.com/india/gaganyaans-unmanned-mission-may-go-to-space-next-march-isro-ships-to-track-from-pacific-atlantic-oceans-9132834.html |access-date=2024-11-25 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref> A joint facility, managed by the [[Australian Space Agency]] and ISRO has been set up at the [[Cocos (Keeling) Islands|Cocos Islands]] to track the spacecraft during the Orbital Insertion phase.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Madanapalle |first=Aditya |date=2026-02-25 |title=ISRO antenna for Gaganyaan programme reaches Cocos Islands in Australia |url=https://www.news9live.com/science/isro-antenna-for-gaganyaan-programme-reaches-cocos-islands-in-australia-2935810 |access-date=2026-02-26 |website=News9live |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Science Desk |first=India Today |date=2026-02-27 |title=Australia joins hands with Isro to support Gaganyaan: How will it help astronauts? |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/science/story/isro-gaganyaan-mission-india-australia-cocos-islands-tracking-station-crew-module-human-spaceflight-2875319-2026-02-27 |access-date=2026-02-28 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref> Future flights are expected to also be [[Communications satellite|SATCOM]] capable, talking to Indian [[geostationary]] communication satellites, as well as the planned [[Indian Data Relay Satellite System|IDRSS]] [[Satellite constellation|constellation]].

== Astronauts ==
{{See also|List of Indian astronauts}}

=== Astronaut selection and training ===
In the spring of 2009, a full-scale mock-up of the crew capsule was built and delivered to Satish Dhawan Space Centre for astronaut training. 200 [[Indian Air Force]] (IAF) pilots were shortlisted for training. The selection process would begin with the candidates completing an ISRO questionnaire, after which they would be subjected to physical and psychological analyses. Only 4 of the 200 applicants were to be selected for the first space mission training, two flying and two reservists.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090504092855/http://www.hindu.com/2009/05/02/stories/2009050255231100.htm Model of space crew module ready], ''The Hindu'', 2 May 2009</ref><ref name="ET2012">{{cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/iaf-developing-parameters-for-indias-manned-space-mission/articleshow/17798420.cms|title=IAF developing parameters for India's manned space mission|date=28 December 2012|newspaper=The Economic Times|access-date=28 December 2012}}</ref>

ISRO signed a memorandum of understanding in 2009 with the IAF's Institute of Aerospace Medicine to conduct preliminary research on the psychological and physiological needs of the crew and the development of training facilities.<ref>{{Cite web| url=https://www.thespacereview.com/article/2481/1| title=The Space Review: Prospects for the Indian human spaceflight program| website=www.thespacereview.com| access-date=2018-08-18}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=23 March 2010 |title=ISRO unit to start building space capsule for manned mission |url=https://www.livemint.com/Companies/tztJqS1r9fxpkbKedwz6lN/Isro-unit-to-start-building-space-capsule-for-manned-mission.html |access-date=2018-08-18 |website=Livemint.com}}</ref> The institute played a key role in determining astronaut training, the design of the crew capsule as per the [[anthropometric]] dimensions of the Indian population and a number of control and environmental systems as per psychological and physiological needs.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Anantha Krishnan M|title=IAM to play pivotal role after Indian astronaut selects return from Russia|url=https://www.onmanorama.com/news/nation/2020/05/22/gaganyaan-unplugged-isro-indian-astronauts-space-mission.html|publisher=Malayala Manorama|date=2020-05-23|access-date=2020-09-01}}</ref>

The announcement of Gaganyaan by Prime Minister Modi immediately attracted an enthusiastic reaction from the [[Indian diaspora]], and ISRO received millions of letters and emails from Indian residents as well as expats willing to volunteer as astronauts for the project.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Anantha Krishnan M|title=ISRO was flooded with requests from Indians wanting to become astronauts|url=https://www.onmanorama.com/news/nation/2020/04/15/isro-gaganyaan-indian-human-spaceflight-programme-hsp.html|publisher=Malayala Manorama|date=2020-04-17|access-date=2020-09-01}}</ref>

In January 2019, ISRO Chairman K. Sivan announced the creation of India's [[Human Space Flight Centre]] (HSFC) in [[Bengaluru]] for training astronauts.<ref>[https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/isro-set-for-april-launch-of-chandrayaan-2-after-missed-deadline/story-BjMmDmHQ5lqU5yijS8qfJN.html ISRO set for April launch of Chandrayaan-2 after missed deadline]. Vikram Gopal, ''Hindustan Times'', 11 January 2019.</ref> The {{INRConvert|1000|c|1}} centre will train the selected astronauts in rescue and recovery operations, operations in a zero-gravity environment, and monitoring of the radiation environment. While the HSFC will initially operate out of ISRO headquarters, a dedicated campus is planned to be built near Bengaluru. The facility will include offices, housing, testing and integration facilities and will also employ a workforce of 1,000 people in the long term.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Anantha Krishnan M|title=Along with Gaganyaan, tech for Indian space station will emerge: Dr. Sivan|url=https://www.onmanorama.com/news/nation/2020/04/17/gaganyaan-unplugged-isro-manned-space-mission-india-part2-k-sivan.html|publisher=Malayala Manorama|date=2020-04-18|access-date=2020-09-01}}</ref>

An astronaut training facility will be established on a proposed {{convert|140|acre|km2|adj=on}} site near [[Kempegowda International Airport]] in [[Devanahalli]], Karnataka.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/beyond-space-isro-plans-to-place-indians-on-the-moon/articleshow/67500457.cms|title=Beyond space: ISRO plans to place Indians on the Moon |website=The Times of India|date=12 January 2019 |access-date=2019-01-12}}</ref>

The HSFC and [[Glavkosmos]], a subsidiary of Russian state corporation [[Roscosmos]], signed an agreement on 1 July 2019 for cooperation in selection, support, medical examination, and space training of four Indian astronauts.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://en.roscosmos.ru/20881/|title=News. Roscosmos Director General Dmitry Rogozin met with the Indian delegation|website=en.roscosmos.ru|language=en|access-date=2019-08-22|archive-date=22 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190822110303/http://en.roscosmos.ru/20881/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/its-official-india-picks-russia-to-pick-train-astronauts/articleshow/70031169.cms|title=Gaganyaan: India chooses Russia to pick & train astronauts |date=1 July 2019|website=The Times of India|language=en|access-date=2019-08-01}}</ref> An ISRO Technical Liaison Unit (ITLU) was approved to be set up in [[Moscow]] for coordinating activities.<ref>{{cite news|title=Cabinet approves setting up of ISRO's technical liaison unit in Moscow|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/cabinet-approves-setting-up-of-isro-s-technical-liaison-unit-in-moscow-1575834-2019-07-31|publisher=India Today|date=July 31, 2019|access-date=November 21, 2022}}</ref> As of September 2019, level 1 of the astronaut selection process was completed in Bengaluru. The selected test pilots underwent physical exercise tests, lab investigations, radiological tests, clinical tests, and evaluations on various facets of their psychology.<ref name = "IAFontwitter">{{Cite news|title = Indian Air Force media coordination center|url = https://mobile.twitter.com/IAF_MCC/status/1169879180630036482|date = 6 September 2019|access-date = 6 September 2019|work = IAF MCC}}</ref><ref name = "SeptembertrainingTOI">{{Cite news|title = Gaganyaan: Level 1 of astronaut selection done in Bengaluru|url = https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/gaganyaan-level-1-of-astronaut-selection-done-in-bengaluru/articleshow/71004377.cms |date = 6 September 2019|access-date = 6 September 2019|newspaper = [[The Times of India]]}}</ref> By November 2019 the Indian Air Force had selected 12 potential astronauts who would then go to Russia for further training in two batches.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/science/seven-iaf-pilots-sent-to-russia-for-indias-first-space-manned-mission/articleshow/72067483.cms|title=Seven IAF pilots sent to Russia for India's first manned mission to space|date=2019-11-15|work=The Economic Times|access-date=2019-11-18}}</ref>

As selection criteria require test pilot experience, any females will not be part of the first Indian crewed spaceflight. The first crewed flight will consist of a crew of three with one backup and this team of four went to Russia for astronaut training.<ref name = "AstrotalkUK"/>

[[File:Crafting India's Space future at the Gaganyaan Astronaut Training Facility.webm|thumb|right|[[Gaganyaan]] crew training video]]

In December 2019, the selection process came to a close,<ref name="THDec2019">{{Cite news|title=Tests for an unmanned mission by 2020-end, says ISRO chief|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/unmanned-test-mission-by-end-of-next-year/article30420219.ece|newspaper=The Hindu|date=2019-12-28|access-date=2019-12-30}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Pinto|first=Nolan|title=4 astronauts identified for Gaganyaan mission: ISRO Chief K. Sivan|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/science/story/gaganyaan-4-astronauts-identified-isro-k-sivan-1633024-2020-01-01|newspaper=IndiaToday|date=2020-01-01|access-date=2020-01-03}}</ref> and four candidates began their 12-month training at the [[Yuri Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center]] on 10 February 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://en.roscosmos.ru/21248/|title=News. Indian candidates for a human spaceflight start training in Russia|website=en.roscosmos.ru|language=en|access-date=2020-02-10|archive-date=5 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200305082234/http://en.roscosmos.ru/21248/|url-status=dead}}</ref> The astronauts were trained for abnormal landings in various terrains, including forests, rivers, and sea.<ref name = "TOIMarch2020"/>

In February 2020, Indian astronaut candidates completed their winter survival training.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/technology/tech-news-technology/gaganyaan-four-iaf-pilots-complete-winter-survival-training-at-russia-centre-6311607/|title=Gaganyaan: Four IAF pilots complete winter survival training at Russia centre|date=2020-03-13|website=The Indian Express|language=en-US|access-date=2020-03-15}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gctc.ru/main.php?id=4893|title=Центр подготовки космонавтов им. Ю.А.Гагарина. Официальный Web-сайт|website=www.gctc.ru|language=ru|access-date=2020-03-15}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.roscosmos.ru/28118/|title=Новости. Очередные "зимние выживания" космонавтов|website=www.roscosmos.ru|access-date=2020-03-15}}</ref>

ISRO has also proposed a {{INRConvert|2700|c|lk=on}} plan to establish an astronaut training centre at [[Challakere]] in [[Chitradurga]] district. The facility would take at least 2–3 years to be established after the government's approval.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Madhumathi D.S.|title=Challakere to be ISRO's astronaut training hub|url=https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/science/challakere-to-be-isros-astronaut-training-hub/article30489101.ece|newspaper=The Hindu|date=2020-01-06|access-date=2020-01-06}}</ref> Following their training in Russia for unexpected and extreme situations, Indian astronauts were to return to India in March 2021 for the rest of their training in an Indian module.<ref name="HTSep20">{{Cite news|last=Dutt|first=Anonna|location=New Delhi|title=Gaganyaan mission: Astronauts to undergo ISRO module next year|url=https://m.hindustantimes.com/india-news/gaganyaan-mission-astronauts-to-undergo-isro-module-next-year/story-t4FPl0e2b7sLMgqyJ6QoyH.html|date=2020-09-18|access-date=2020-09-21|archive-date=30 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220530200914/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/gaganyaan-mission-astronauts-to-undergo-isro-module-next-year/story-t4FPl0e2b7sLMgqyJ6QoyH.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> However, due to the [[COVID-19 pandemic]], training was put on hold from 28 March, restarting on 12 May 2020.<ref name="PIBFeb21">{{Cite news|last=Department of Space|date=2021-02-10|title=Training of Astronauts and Progress of Gaganyaan Mission|url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1696779|newspaper=Press Information Bureau|location=Delhi|access-date=2021-02-11}}</ref> CNES is supplying the flight system and training flight physicians and technical teams for the Indian Human Spaceflight Program. It is also collaborating and sharing its expertise in the domains of space medicine, astronaut health monitoring and life support.<ref>{{cite news |title=ISRO to launch its Venus mission in 2025, France to take part |url=https://www.livemint.com/science/news/isro-to-launch-its-venus-mission-in-2025-france-to-take-part-11601476329074.html |access-date=1 October 2020 |agency=PTI |publisher=Livemint |date=30 September 2020}}</ref>

On the 91st Indian Air Force Day in 2023, the IAF released a video on [[Twitter]], sharing a glimpse of the astronauts (without revealing their faces) training for the Gaganyaan mission.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Watch: Indian Air Force shares 'first-look' of India's ISRO Gaganyaan Astronauts |url=https://www.wionews.com/india-news/watch-indian-air-force-shares-first-look-of-indias-isro-gaganyaan-astronauts-642235 |access-date=2023-10-04 |website=WION |date=3 October 2023 |language=en-us}}</ref> While two or three out of the four astronauts will be selected to fly on the first crewed flight, one of the astronauts on the mission previously flew on a mission to the [[ISS]] aboard [[Axiom Mission 4|Axiom-4]] on 25 June 2025, as the second Indian astronaut in space after [[Rakesh Sharma]]. The four have been conducting mission-specific training in India since returning from Russia.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-10-04 |title=IAF video gives glimpses of Gaganyaan astronauts |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/iaf-video-gives-glimpses-of-gaganyaan-astronauts/articleshow/104137769.cms |access-date=2023-10-04 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-09-09 |title=India, US to work together to protect space assets, cooperate for sending astronauts to ISS in 2024: Joint statement |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/india-us-to-work-together-to-protect-space-assets-cooperate-for-sending-astronauts-to-iss-in-2024-joint-statement/articleshow/103521854.cms |access-date=2023-10-03 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-23 |title=India, US plan to send Indian astronaut to International Space Station in 2024 |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/technology/news/story/india-us-plan-to-send-indian-astronaut-to-international-space-station-in-2024-386788-2023-06-23 |access-date=2023-10-03 |website=Business Today |language=en}}</ref>

=== Candidate announcement and first crew ===
[[File:Gaganyaan Crew.jpg|300px|Indian Astronauts Corps (2019 Batch) (L-R) Nair, Krishnan, Pratap and Shukla|alt=Indian Astronaut Corps (2019 Batch, L-R): Nair, Krishnan, Pratap and Shukla]]

On 27 February 2024, at the Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre, Prime Minister Modi announced the names of the four designated astronauts who will be eligible for future flights as part of the Gaganyaan program, as well as the Indo-US joint mission (Axiom-4) to the ISS. [[Governor of Kerala|Kerala Governor]], [[Arif Mohammad Khan]], [[Chief minister of Kerala|Chief Minister]], [[Pinarayi Vijayan]], Minister of State for External Affairs [[V. Muraleedharan]], ISRO chairman [[S. Somanath]] and other high-ranking ISRO officials were present at the reveal.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-02-27 |title=Gaganyaan mission: Names of four astronauts revealed by Modi |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/in-kerala-pm-modi-likely-announce-names-of-these-pilots-for-gaganyaan-mission-report-101709000231718.html |access-date=2024-02-27 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-02-27 |title=ISRO flying high! PM Modi announces Gaganyaan astronauts, inaugurates 3 new launch pads and interacts with Vyommitra |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/visualstories/news/isro-flying-high-pm-modi-announces-gaganyaan-astronauts-inaugurates-3-new-launch-pads-and-interacts-with-vyommitra-108497-27-02-2024 |access-date=2024-02-27 |website=www.businesstoday.in |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Livemint |date=2024-02-27 |title=PM Modi announces names of four astronauts for Gaganyaan mission at ISRO {{!}} Watch |url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/pm-modi-in-kerala-pm-modi-four-pilots-astronauts-name-gaganyaan-mission-launch-date-isro-angad-pratap-space-mission-11709017709709.html |access-date=2024-02-27 |website=www.livemint.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=India's Fantastic 4: Meet The Gaganyaan Astronauts Named By PM |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/gaganyaan-mission-astronauts-meet-the-4-astronauts-of-indias-crewed-space-mission-gaganyaan-5135754 |access-date=2024-02-27 |website=NDTV.com}}</ref> The selected astronauts are [[Group captain (India)|Group Captain]] [[Prasanth Nair]], Group Captain [[Ajit Krishnan]], Group Captain [[Angad Pratap]], and Group Captain [[Shubhanshu Shukla]]. They were given Indian [[astronaut wings]] and the Gaganyaan mission logo and motto.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-02-27 |title=Group Captain Prashanth Nair among four test pilots for Gaganyaan Mission; PM Modi to announce all 4 names today |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/technology/news/story/group-captain-prashanth-nair-among-four-test-pilots-for-gaganyaan-mission-pm-modi-to-announce-all-4-names-today-419039-2024-02-27 |access-date=2024-02-27 |website=Business Today |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-02-27 |title=Nair, Prathap, Krishnan and Chauhan listed for Gaganyaan mission |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/nair-prathap-krishnan-and-chauhan-listed-for-gaganyaan-mission/articleshow/108022351.cms |access-date=2024-02-27 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> The Indo-US joint mission astronaut is Shubhanshu Shukla, while Nair was selected as his backup. Both were thus selected to train at [[NASA]] facilities.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-08-03 |title=Who is Group Captain Shubhanshu Shukla, the 'prime astronaut' for Indo-US mission to space? |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/technology/science/who-is-shubhanshu-shukla-indo-us-space-mission-9492109/ |access-date=2024-08-03 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

The ISRO has acknowledged the need for additional astronauts on future space missions. A broader pool of potential astronauts will be created in collaboration with the IAF's Institute of Aerospace Medicine. Candidates from experimental domains and aeronautical research are of particular interest to ISRO. Angad Pratap, the Gaganyaan group captain, has stated that priority will be given to research work addressing difficulties ISRO faces in technical endeavours. Even if researchers and military aviators comprise the majority of initial crews, subsequent choices will probably be more diverse. The astronauts must become experts in space theory, take part in simulator training, and interact with scientists. Essential training at the Astronaut Training School (ATS) includes aero-medical training and survival training in a variety of settings, including sea, desert, and snow.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-10-04 |title=Seek science milestones, not personal glory: Gaganyaan astronaut; next batch selection soon: ISRO Chief |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/seek-science-milestones-not-personal-glory-gaganyaan-astronaut-next-batch-selection-soon-isro-chief/articleshow/113946017.cms |access-date=2024-10-08 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

The crew training was briefly halted in 2025 due to academic obligations, [[Axiom Mission 4]], and [[Operation Sindoor]]. From 2026, twelve months prior to launch, the astronauts will resume their mission-specific training, which will concentrate on advanced simulations, operational preparedness, and survival skills at [[Human Space Flight Centre#Astronaut Training Facility|Astronaut Training Facility]] in Bengaluru.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tripathi |first=Sibu Kumar |date=2025-05-13 |title=Gaganyaan Mission training to resume in 2026, a year before launch |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/science/gaganyaan-mission/story/gaganyaan-mission-training-to-resume-in-2026-a-year-before-launch-2724214-2025-05-13 |access-date=2025-07-11 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Tripathi |first=Sibu Kumar |date=2025-05-14 |title=Where are the four Gaganyaan Mission astronauts as Operation Sindoor is paused? |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/science/story/gaganyaan-mission-training-on-hold-where-are-the-four-astronauts-2724503-2025-05-14 |access-date=2025-07-11 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>

Through Axiom Mission 4, [[Shubhanshu Shukla]] and [[Prasanth Nair]] obtained practical experience in microgravity adaptation, spaceflight operations, launch protocols, and emergency reaction training. Crucial operational experience was gained during the mission, including ingress and egress procedures, international coordination, medical diagnostics, pre-launch quarantine, and health preparation standards. This will assist ISRO in preparing ground crews and astronauts for the challenges of human spaceflight.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-06-25 |title=Eye on Gaganyaan mission: How Shubhanshu Shukla's experiments on ISS will help Isro's manned mission; explained |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/eye-on-gaganyaan-mission-how-shubhanshu-shuklas-experiments-on-iss-will-help-isros-manned-mission-explained/articleshow/122061708.cms |access-date=2025-07-11 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2025-07-08 |title=Astronaut Shux briefs ISRO from space, offers key inputs for Gaganyaan mission |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/karnataka/2025/Jul/08/astronaut-shux-briefs-isro-from-space-offers-key-inputs-for-gaganyaan-mission |access-date=2025-07-11 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> As of October 2025, about 90% of the Gaganyaan's development work has been finished. A human-rated launch vehicle, life support systems, crew safety technologies, and human-centric equipment are among the important technological components that are close to completion.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-10-25 |title=ISRO's Gaganyaan reaches 90% completion ahead of historic human spaceflight, chairman V Narayanan confirms progress |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/science/isros-gaganyaan-reaches-90-completion-ahead-of-historic-human-spaceflight-chairman-v-narayanan-confirms-progress/articleshow/124784015.cms |access-date=2025-11-14 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

=== Ground uniform ===
The ground uniforms were developed by staff and students of the [[National Institute of Fashion Technology]] (NIFT), [[Bengaluru]]. Under direction of the former NIFT director Susan Thomas, the team—students Lamia Anees, Samarpan Pradhan, and Tuliya D—and professors, Jonalee Bajpai and Mohan Kumar V—designed the ground uniform for the Gaganyaan mission. The team highlighted the importance that the astronaut-designates' pockets fit perfectly and the uniform support their motions. Seventy variants were considered before the final design was chosen. The NIFT team examined various space agency uniforms, such as those from [[SpaceX]] and [[NASA]]. The NIFT team explored asymmetry as a theme, developing a two-coloured, asymmetrical style line. The design was commissioned in 2021 by the NIFT team, and in 2022, they handed the design to ISRO.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Monalisa |first=Monika |date=2024-03-05 |title=High flying: Indian Gaganyaan Astronauts sport NIFT-designed space suits; blend of style and function unveiled |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/bengaluru/2024/Mar/05/high-flying-indian-gaganyaan-astronauts-sport-nift-designed-space-suits-blend-of-style-and-function-unveiled |access-date=2024-03-05 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Ullas |first=Sruthy Susan |date=2024-02-29 |title=Gaganauts' ground suit designed by NIFT Bengaluru team has asymmetry as theme |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/gaganyaan-astronauts-ground-suit-designed-by-nift-bengaluru-team-with-asymmetry-as-the-theme/articleshow/108089129.cms |access-date=2024-03-05 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

=== Space suit ===
According to [[G. Madhavan Nair]], [[space suit]] development has already begun in a low-key manner prior to the official Cabinet approval of ₹9,023 crore Gaganyaan project on 28 December 2018.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-01-09 |title=Gaganyaan a major turning point in India's space programme: Ex-ISRO chairman |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/technology/science/gaganyaan-a-major-turning-point-in-indias-space-programme-ex-isro-chairman/ |access-date=2024-08-06 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> During the Bengaluru Space Expo 2018, ISRO unveiled the prototype space suit for the Gaganyaan mission. The orange colour prototype space suit was created at [[Thiruvananthapuram]]'s [[Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dogra |first=Sarthak |date=2018-09-07 |title=ISRO Displays Space Suits, Crew Capsule For 2022 Manned Space Mission at Bengaluru Space Expo |url=https://www.news18.com/news/tech/isro-displays-space-suits-crew-capsule-for-2022-manned-space-mission-at-bengaluru-space-expo-1870709.html |access-date=2024-08-06 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref> The lab began working on the prototype development from 2016. The prototype space suit weighs less than five kilograms and is constructed of four layers.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2018-09-12 |title=India Unveils Its Own Spacesuit Design for 2022 Astronaut Flights |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Latest-News/2018-09-12/India-Unveils-Its-Own-Spacesuit-Design-for-2022-Astronaut-Flights/411589 |access-date=2024-08-06 |website=The Hans India |language=en}}</ref> One oxygen cylinder, sufficient for the astronaut to breathe for sixty minutes, can be accommodated in the suit. For the mission, ISRO has already created two suits and is currently working on the third one.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dwarakanath |first=Nagarjun |date=2018-09-07 |title=Isro displays space suit, crew model for 2022 mission |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/isro-unveils-space-suit-crew-model-for-2022-mission-1334124-2018-09-07 |access-date=2024-08-06 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>

Chairman K. Sivan during an interview with [[India Today]] on 9 November 2018 stated that ISRO is continuing the research on spacesuits in order to enhance them.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Chengappa |first=Raj |date=2018-11-09 |title=It's not just an ISRO project, it's a national one: K Sivan |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/cover-story/story/20181119-it-s-not-just-an-isro-project-it-s-a-national-one-k-sivan-1384890-2018-11-09 |access-date=2024-08-06 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref> Glavkosmos has also contracted [[NPP Zvezda]] for manufacturing customized IVA flight-suits for Indian astronauts.<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 September 2020 |title=Russia to make spacesuits for Indian cosmonauts |url=https://www.glavkosmos.com/en/russia-to-make-spacesuits-for-indian-cosmonauts/ |access-date=23 July 2021 |website=Glavkosmos}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last1=Pramanik |first1=Ayan |last2=Krishnan |first2=Raghu |title=After Gaganyaan, ISRO chairman K Sivan to set sights on space station |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/science/after-gaganyaan-isro-chairman-k-sivan-to-set-sights-on-space-station/articleshow/73237162.cms |access-date=23 July 2021 |work=The Economic Times}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Peri |first=Dinakar |date=28 August 2021 |title=Indian pilots to return to Russia soon for customised space suits |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/science/indian-pilots-to-return-to-russia-soon-for-customised-space-suits/article36158300.ece |access-date=3 September 2021 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> Indian astronauts visited Zvezda on 3 September 2020, to have their [[Anthropometry|anthropometric]] measurements taken in preparation for the creation of spacesuits later on. On 7 September 2020, Zvezda authorities announced that the organization had started manufacturing space suits for the Gaganyaan mission.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kumar |first=Chethan |date=2020-09-07 |title=Gaganyaan space suits' production begins in Russia |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/gaganyaan-space-suits-production-begins-in-russia/articleshow/77981140.cms |access-date=2024-08-18 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

Hindustan Times reported on 12 January 2024, that in order to double-check crew safety for the first mission, Indian astronauts are expected to don Russian-made spacesuits rather than the domestically manufactured Intra Vehicular Activity (IVA) suits created by Vikram Sarabhai Space Center.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Pillai |first=Soumya |date=2024-01-12 |title=For Gaganyaan astronauts, Isro may opt for Russian-made spacesuits |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/for-gaganyaan-astronauts-isro-may-opt-for-russian-made-spacesuits-101705073205022.html |access-date=2024-01-13 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref>

=== Pressure suit ===
In collaboration with [[Space Applications Centre]], Sure Safety, an industrial safety equipment firm based in [[Vadodara]], finished developing [[pressure suit]] for Gaganyaan mission called Astronaut Crew Escape Suit (ACES). The experiments conducted in vacuum chambers to test the material under laboratory settings are almost finished as of 18 January 2019, according to Nishith Dand, managing director of Sure Safety. The indigenously developed suit weighs 20% less while maintaining high standards of safety against fire, water, pressure changes and one hundredth of the cost of its foreign counterpart. In terms of life support, oxygen/air management, and [[CBRN defense|CBRN]] resistance, the ACES will combine the finest features of the Russian [[Sokol space suit|Sokol]] and the American [[Advanced Crew Escape Suit]]. The ACES's communications, pressure management, oxygen and carbon monoxide sensors, and biosensors for sensing body temperatures have all been developed successfully. The suit features air diverters, utility pockets, touch screen-sensitive gloves, a flexible hood zipper, and lightweight shoes. The temperature range in which ACES can function is −40°C to +80°C. ACES development project helped Sure Safety became one of the few companies globally with the expertise to create and build these types of suits.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Shastri |first=Parth |date=2019-01-18 |title=Made in Vadodara space suit to be used in Gaganyaan |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/made-in-vadodara-space-suit-to-be-used-in-gaganyaan/articleshow/67579315.cms |access-date=2024-08-06 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

In the event of an environmental emergency within the space capsule, ACES will protect the crew. Its goal is to preserve the wearer's life in the event that the spacecraft unintentionally loses pressurization.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Ganguly |first=Shramana |date=2016-02-11 |title=Sure Safety to exhibit space suit at Make In India Week |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/sure-safety-to-exhibit-space-suit-at-make-in-india-week/articleshow/50934618.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2024-08-06 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref>

=== Bio-vest ===
For the Gaganyaan programme, DRDO has created a wearable health monitoring system that includes subsystems such as an avionics interface unit, electronics, and a wearable textile belt. Two sets of [[Electrocardiography|electrocardiogram]] electrode leads, temperature sensors, and [[photoplethysmogram]] sensors are housed in a wearable textile belt. Four Bio-vests for crew training were delivered to ISRO in 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 October 2025 |title=2023-24 Annual Report |url=https://mod.gov.in/sites/default/files/AR_2023-24-new-23-9-2025.pdf |access-date=10 October 2025 |website=Ministry of Defence, Government of India}}</ref>

=== Space food ===
{{update|date=March 2024}}
The [[Mysore]]-based [[Defence Food Research Laboratory]] (DFRL), a unit of the [[Defence Research and Development Organisation]] (DRDO), developed dried and packaged food for astronauts. The 70 varieties of dehydrated and processed food items underwent strict procedures to eliminate microbacterial and macrobacterial nutrients. Special care has to be taken in the packaging, and the food items should be of limited weight and high nutritional quality.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/technology/report-drdo-develops-space-food-for-astronauts-1430510|title=DRDO develops space food for astronauts|date=2010-08-29|website=DNA India|language=en|access-date=2019-09-07}}</ref> Waste disposal systems for leftover food, liquid dispensing systems, food rehydrating systems and heaters adaptable to outer space conditions are in development, although the list of food products planned to fly aboard Gaganyaan is yet to be publicised as of August 2020. DFRL is expected to launch its Ready-to-Eat (RTE) space food by March 2021. The initial batch for the crewed spaceflight Gaganyaan-H1 will carry foodstuffs sufficient for 7 days.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Anantha Krishnan M|title=Gaganyaan Unplugged-5: Tasty space food warming up at DFRL Mysuru for India's manned mission|url=https://www.onmanorama.com/news/nation/2020/08/27/gaganyaan-manned-flight-food-warming-dfrl-mysuru.html|publisher=Malayala Manorama|date=2020-08-27|access-date=2020-09-01}}</ref>

=== Space medicine ===
In May 2019, the [[Indian Air Force]] and ISRO signed an [[MoU]] that designated [[Indian Air Force#Training and education|Institute of Aerospace Medicine]] as the primary organization responsible for providing medical support to the Gaganyaan programme.<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 October 2025 |title=2023-24 Annual Report |url=https://mod.gov.in/sites/default/files/AR_2023-24-new-23-9-2025.pdf |access-date=10 October 2025 |website=Ministry of Defence, Government of India}}</ref> ISRO's [[Human Space Flight Centre]] and [[Glavcosmos]], which is a subsidiary of the Russian state corporation [[Roscosmos]], signed an agreement on 1 July 2019, for cooperation in the selection, support, medical examination and space training of Indian astronauts.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/its-official-india-picks-russia-to-pick-train-astronauts/articleshow/70031169.cms |title=Gaganyaan: India chooses Russia to pick and train astronauts|date=1 July 2019|newspaper=The Times of India|access-date=1 August 2019}}</ref> An ISRO Technical Liaison Unit (ITLU) has been approved to be set up in [[Moscow]] for coordination.<ref>{{Cite web |date=31 July 2019 |title=Cabinet approves setting up of ISRO's technical liaison unit in Moscow |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/cabinet-approves-setting-up-of-isro-s-technical-liaison-unit-in-moscow-1575834-2019-07-31 |access-date=26 November 2022 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=ISRO Technical Liaison Unit at Moscow |url=https://www.examrace.com/Current-Affairs/NEWS-ISRO-Technical-Liaison-Unit-at-Moscow.htm |access-date=26 November 2022 |website=Examrace}}</ref>

Later in January 2021, India sent two [[flight surgeon]]s to Russia and France for hands-on experience in space medicine. The flights surgeons are doctors from the Indian Air Force, specializing in aerospace medicine.<ref>{{Cite web |date=Jan 10, 2021 |title=Two Indian flight surgeons to visit Russia for space medicine training |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/two-indian-flight-surgeons-to-visit-russia-for-space-medicine-training-121011000468_1.html |access-date=Aug 14, 2024 |website=Business Standard}}</ref> In preparation for the human spaceflight programme, ISRO Chairman S. Somanath encouraged the [[National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences]] (NIMHANS) to come up with solutions for the astronauts' psychological health.<ref>{{Cite news |last= |first= |date=2024-10-03 |title=NIMHANS should provide solutions for psychological well-being of astronauts in space: ISRO Chairman |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/nimhans-should-provide-solutions-for-psychological-well-being-of-astronauts-in-space-isro-chairman/article68714424.ece |access-date=2024-10-08 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

ISRO and [[CNES]] announced on April 15, 2021, a space agreement for cooperation in space equipment, consumables, and space medicine. The CNES team at the [[European Astronaut Centre]] in [[Cologne]] and the Centre for the Development of Microgravity Applications and Space Operations, or CADMOS, at the [[Toulouse Space Centre]] will provide training to flight physicians and Capsule Communicator (CAPCOM) mission control teams for Gaganyaan. Additionally, CNES will operate as a point of contact between ISRO and [[European Space Agency]] (ESA). CNES will assist in the execution of a scientific experiment plan for validation missions, knowledge sharing regarding food packaging and nutrition programs, and the use of French medical tools, equipment, and consumables by Indian astronauts. The Indian space crew will thus have access to French technology created by CNES that has been tested and is now in use aboard the International Space Station. CNES will also provide radiation- and shock-resistant carry bags to India to protect equipment. The future cooperation include parabolic flights conducted by Novespace for instrument testing and astronaut training, as well as technical assistance for the building of an astronaut training facility in Bangaluru.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Singh |first=Surendra |date=2021-04-15 |title=France inks pact with India, to provide space food, med, equipment for Gaganyaan mission |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/france-inks-pact-with-india-to-provide-space-food-med-equipment-for-gaganyaan-mission/articleshow/82089273.cms |access-date=2024-08-18 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

An MoU has also been signed with All India Institute of Medical Sciences on 10th March 2026 for cooperation and joint research in Space Medicine and Research, particularly for long-duration missions to the BAS and potential crewed missions to the moon.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) and All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) New Delhi signs Framework Memorandum of Understanding for Cooperation in Space Medicine and Research |url=https://www.isro.gov.in/ISRO_AIIMS_NewDelhi_signs_Framework_Memorandum.html |access-date=2026-03-10 |website=www.isro.gov.in}}</ref>

=== Humanoid robots ===
{{Main|Vyommitra}}

[[File:Vyommitra (Space friend), ISRO.jpg|thumb|Vyommitra|200x200px]]
Unlike other nations that have carried out human spaceflight, India will not fly [[Animals in space|animals into space]]. Instead, it will fly humanoid robots for a better understanding of what weightlessness and radiation do to the human body during a long duration in space.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-48918280|title=Why is India sending robots into space?|date=2019-07-25|access-date=2019-09-07|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref name="HTJan2020"/> A legless humanoid named ''[[Vyommitra]]'' was displayed in January 2020 and is expected to fly on board uncrewed experimental flights as well as assist astronauts on crewed missions.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-01-24 |title=IAA-ISRO-ASI Symposium on Human Space Flight and Exploration was organised at Bangalore |url=https://www.isro.gov.in/update/24-jan-2020/iaa-isro-asi-symposium-human-space-flight-and-exploration-was-organised-bangalore |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220804152242/https://www.isro.gov.in/update/24-jan-2020/iaa-isro-asi-symposium-human-space-flight-and-exploration-was-organised-bangalore |archive-date=4 August 2022 |access-date=2020-01-25 |website=ISRO}}</ref>

On 22 January 2020, ISRO announced ''Vyommitra'' to accompany the other astronauts in the mission. ISRO aims not to [[Animals in space|fly animals onboard experimental missions]] unlike other nations that have carried out human space flight. Instead, it will fly [[humanoid robot]]s for a better understanding of what weightlessness and radiation do to the human body during long durations in space.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-48918280|title=Why is India sending robots into space?|date=25 July 2019|access-date=25 January 2020|language=en}}</ref>

''Vyommitra'' is expected to be onboard uncrewed Gaganyaan missions to perform [[Micro-g environment|microgravity]] experiments, monitor module parameters, and support astronauts in crewed missions by simulating functions like a human from the waist up. It does not have legs.<ref>{{Cite news|date=24 January 2020|title=ISRO to send humanoid Vyommitra in unmanned Gaganyaan spacecraft ahead of human spaceflight|work=[[The Economic Times]]|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/science/isro-to-send-humanoid-vyommitra-in-unmanned-gaganyaan-spacecraft-ahead-of-human-spaceflight/articleshow/73576959.cms|access-date=29 August 2021}}</ref> It is programmed to speak Hindi and English and perform multiple tasks.<ref name="TOI">{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/1st-glimpse-of-vyommitra-the-humanoid-for-gaganyaan-its-a-she/articleshow/73513989.cms|title=Gaganyaan mission: First glimpse of 'Vyommitra', the humanoid for Gaganyaan; it's a 'She' |date=22 January 2020|first=Chethan |last=Kumar|website=The Times of India|language=en|access-date=22 January 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/technology/science/isro-will-look-at-manned-mission-to-moon-someday-but-not-right-now-k-sivan-6229655/|title=ISRO's manned mission to Moon will happen, but not right now: K Sivan|date=22 January 2020|website=The Indian Express|language=en-US|access-date=22 January 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.loksatta.com/desh-videsh-news/vyommitra-the-humanoid-for-isros-mission-gaganyaan-dmp-82-2066411/|title='व्योममित्रा'ची पहिली झलक! भारताकडून 'ती' पहिल्यांदा जाणार अवकाशात|date=22 January 2020|website=Loksatta|language=mr-IN|access-date=22 January 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=22 January 2020 |title=ISRO's prototype humanoid for Gaganyaan mission is Vyom Mitra which will go to space before astronauts |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/technology-science/article/isro-s-prototype-humanoid-for-gaganyaan-mission-is-vyom-mitra-which-will-go-to-space-before-astronauts/543450 |access-date=22 January 2020 |website=Times Now News |language=en}}</ref>

It can detect and give out warnings if environmental changes within the cabin get uncomfortable to astronauts and change the air condition. It can autonomously complete tasks and follow new commands.<ref>{{cite web|last=Dwarakanath|first=Nagarjun|date=22 January 2020 |title=Gaganyaan mission: Meet Vyommitra, the talking human robot that Isro will send to space|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/science/story/gaganyaan-vyommitra-talking-humanoid-isro-space-1639077-2020-01-22 |access-date=22 January 2020|newspaper=India Today}}</ref>

== Experiments and objectives ==
On November 7, 2018, ISRO released an Announcement of Opportunity seeking proposals from the Indian science community for [[microgravity]] experiments that could be carried out during the first two uncrewed [[Gaganyaan]] flights.<ref>{{cite web|title=Announcement of Opportunity (AO) for Low Earth Orbit based Microgravity Experiments - ISRO|url=https://www.isro.gov.in/announcement-of-opportunity-ao-low-earth-orbit-based-microgravity-experiments|archive-url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20181121212659/http://www.isro.gov.in/sites/default/files/microgravity_experiments_ao.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-date=21 November 2018|access-date=22 January 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Human Mission: ISRO looking at pool of 10 experiments in space|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/human-mission-isro-looking-at-pool-of-10-experiments-in-space/articleshow/66582995.cms}}</ref> The scope of the experiments is not restricted, and other relevant ideas will be entertained. The proposed orbit for microgravity platform is expected to be in LEO at approximately 400 km altitude. All the proposed internal and external experimental payloads will undergo thermal, vacuum and radiation tests under the required temperature and pressure conditions. To carry out long-duration microgravity experiments, a satellite may be placed in orbit. Astronauts will perform four biological and two physical science experiments related to microgravity during the mission.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://164.100.24.220/loksabhaquestions/annex/173/AU2259.pdf|title=Lok Sabha, Unstarred Question number 2259|date=4 March 2020|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200305122402/http://164.100.24.220/loksabhaquestions/annex/173/AU2259.pdf|archive-date=5 March 2020|access-date=4 March 2020}}</ref>

As of October 2021, ISRO selected five science experiments that will be conducted on Gaganyaan. The payloads will be developed by the [[Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology]] (IIST), [[University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad]] (UASD), [[Tata Institute of Fundamental Research]] (TIFR), [[IIT Patna]], [[Indian Institute of Chemical Technology]] (IICT) and the [[Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research]] (JNCASR). Out of the five, two are biological experiments that will be conducted by IIST, UASD and TIFR and will include kidney stone formation and [[Sirtuin 1]] gene marker effects in ''[[Drosophila melanogaster]]''. IIT Patna will run experiments on a [[heat sink]] that can handle very high [[heat flux]], IICT will study [[crystallization]] phenomena, and JNCASR will examine fluid mixing characteristics.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Kumar|first=Chethan|date=21 October 2021|title=Kidney stone formation to gene marking: 5 experiments shortlisted for Isro mission; MoUs in place|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/kidney-stone-formation-to-gene-marking-5-experiments-shortlisted-for-isro-mission-mous-in-place/articleshow/87191859.cms|access-date=26 October 2021|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref>

With an emphasis on [[microgravity]] research, space [[biomanufacturing]], [[bioastronautics]], and [[astrobiology]], the [[Department of Biotechnology]] and the ISRO have signed a [[memorandum of understanding]] (MoU) on 25 October 2024 to collaborate on space biotechnology research. The application will be in ISRO's human space flight project, Gaganyaan. The MoU will address problems like food storage, radiation, microgravity, and constant nutrient supply, as well as health risks like cancer, [[Cataract|cataracts]], and loss of bone and muscle.<ref>{{Cite news |date=25 October 2024 |title=Gaganyaan: ISRO, Dept of Biotechnology sign MoU to boost space biotech research |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/gaganyaan-isro-dept-of-biotechnology-sign-mou-to-boost-space-biotech-research-101729859370387.html |access-date=25 October 2024 |work=Hindustan Times}}</ref>

== Space station ==
{{main|Bharatiya Antariksha Station}}

India plans to deploy Bharatiya Antariksha Station, a 52-tonne [[space station]],<ref name="pib.gov.in"/> as a follow-up programme to the Gaganyaan missions. On June 13, 2019, ISRO Chief K. Sivan announced that India's space station will be deployed 5–7 years after the completion of the Gaganyaan programme, and that India will not join the [[International Space Station program]]. It is expected to be placed in an LEO of 400 km altitude, hosting a crew of three for 15–20 days. Final approval is expected to be given to the programme by the Indian government only after the completion of the [[Gaganyaan]] missions.<ref>{{Cite web| url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/india-to-have-its-own-space-station-isro/articleshow/69775360.cms| title=India's own space station to come up in 5–7 years: ISRO chief | first=Surendra|last=Singh |date=13 June 2019| website=The Times of India| language=en|access-date=2019-07-24}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title = India's space station likel to have space for three|url = https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/indias-space-station-likely-to-have-space-for-three/articleshow/71828669.cms|date = 31 October 2019|access-date = 31 October 2019|newspaper =[[The Times of India]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/indias-space-station-likely-to-have-space-for-three/articleshow/71828669.cms|title=India's space station likely to have space for three|date=31 October 2019|access-date=1 November 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/science/india-to-have-a-separate-space-station-isro/article27898707.ece|title=India to have its own space station: ISRO|last=Peri|first=Dinakar|date=2019-06-13|work=The Hindu|access-date=2019-11-01|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X|quote=Giving out broad contours of the planned space station, Dr. Sivan said it has been envisaged to weigh 20 tonnes and will be placed in an orbit of 400 km above earth where astronauts can stay for 15–20 days. The time frame is 5–7 years after Gaganyaan, he stated.}}</ref>

[[Indian Space Research Organisation|ISRO]] is working to develop [[Docking and berthing of spacecraft|spacecraft docking and berthing]] technology, with an initial funding of ₹10 [[crore]] cleared in 2017.<ref>{{Cite web| url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/isro-project-that-can-aid-refuel-repair-of-satellites-in-space-gets-push/articleshow/58467493.cms |title=ISRO: ISRO project that can aid refuel, repair of satellites in space gets push |last=Kumar| first=Chethan|date=2 May 2017| website=The Times of India |language=en |access-date=2019-07-24}}</ref> A Space Docking Experiment, or [[SpaDeX]], is under development, featuring [[signal analysis]] equipment, a high-precision [[videometer]] for navigation, docking system electronics and real-time decision making for landing systems. As part of the experiment, ISRO launched two small satellites for testing. This technology is crucial for a space station as it will enable the docking of spacecraft.<ref>{{Cite web| url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/india-has-been-quietly-working-on-key-technology-to-enable-space-station/articleshow/69775029.cms| title=ISRO Latest news: India has been quietly working on key technology to enable space station | last=Kumar| first=Chethan| date=13 June 2019|website=The Times of India|language=en|access-date=2019-07-24}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Chandrayaan programme]]
* [[Indian Mars exploration missions]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
{{commons category}}
* [https://www.isro.gov.in/Gaganyaan.html Official website]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070928235713/http://www.gujaratglobal.com/nextSub.php?id=1877&catype=NEWS President Kalam's vision: India will land on the Moon in August 2025]
* [https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/science/human-space-flight-prog-hal-hands-over-crew-module-assembly-to-isro/article5685195.ece Hindustan Aeronautics Ltd (HAL) hands over the first 'Crew Module Structural Assembly' to ISRO]. 13 February 2014.

{{Portal bar|Spaceflight|India}}

{{Indian space programme}}
{{Indian spacecraft}}
{{Politics of outer space}}

[[Category:Space programme of India]]
[[Category:Human spaceflight programs]]
[[Category:Articles containing video clips]]
[[Category:2006 establishments in India]]
[[Category:Gaganyaan]]

Ancient higher-learning institutions

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{{Infobox legislation
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The '''English Education Act 1835''' was a legislative act of the [[Council of India]], which gave effect to a decision in 1835 by [[Lord William Bentinck]], the then Governor-General of the [[British East India Company]], to reallocate funds which were required to spend on education and literature in [[Company rule in India|India]]. Previously, they had given limited support to traditional Muslim and Hindu education and the publication of literature in traditional languages of education in India back then including [[Sanskrit]] and [[Persian language|Persian]]; henceforward they intended to support establishments teaching a Western curriculum with English as the language of instruction. Together with other measures promoting English as the language of administration and of the higher law courts (instead of [[Persian language|Persian]], as under the [[Mughal Empire]]), this led eventually to English becoming one of the [[languages of India]], rather than simply the native tongue of its foreign rulers.

In discussions leading up to the Act [[Thomas Babington Macaulay]] and his minute produced his famous Memorandum on (Indian) Education which was scathing on the inferiority (as he saw it) of native (particularly Hindu) culture and learning. He argued that Western learning was superior, and currently could only be taught through the medium of English. There was therefore a need to produce—by English-language higher education—"a class of persons, Indian in blood and colour, but English in taste, in opinions, in morals and in intellect" who could in their turn develop the tools to transmit [[Western education|Western learning]] in the vernacular languages of India. Among Macaulay's recommendations were the immediate stopping of the printing by the East India Company of Arabic and Sanskrit books and that the company should not continue to support traditional education beyond "the Sanskrit College at Benares and the Mahometan College at Delhi" (which he considered adequate to maintain traditional learning).

The act itself, however, took a less negative attitude to traditional education and was soon succeeded by further measures based upon the provision of adequate funding for both approaches. Vernacular language education, however, continued to receive little funding, although it had not been much supported before 1835 in any case.

==British support for Indian learning==
When the Parliament had [[Charter Act of 1813|renewed the charter]] of the East India Company for 20 years in 1813, it had required the company to 00 rupees per year<ref>The rupee was then worth about two shillings, so roughly £10,000 (equivalent current purchasing power clearly considerably more)</ref> "for the revival and promotion of literature and the encouragement of the learned natives of India, and for the introduction and promotion of a knowledge of the sciences among the inhabitants of the British territories."<ref>quoted in Macaulay's Minute</ref> This had gone to support traditional forms (and content) of education, which (like their contemporary equivalents in England) were firmly non-utilitarian. In 1813, by the request of Colonel [[John Munro, 9th of Teaninich|John Munro]], ''the then'' British Resident of [[Travancore]] and [[Pulikkottil Dionysius II]], a learned monk of the Orthodox Syrian Church, [[Gowri Parvati Bayi]], the Queen of Travancore granted permission to start a [[Orthodox Theological Seminary, Kottayam|Theological college]] in [[Kottayam]], Travancore. The queen granted the tax free 16 acre property, {{INR}} 20,000, and the necessary timber for construction. The foundation stone was laid on 18 February 1813 and the construction completed by 1815. The structure of the Old Seminary Building is called ''Naalukettu'' translated into English as central-quadrangle. The early missionaries who worked here – Norton, Henry Baker, [[Benjamin Bailey (missionary)|Benjamin Bailey]] and Fenn – rendered remarkable service. Initially called Cottayam College, the Seminary was not exclusively meant for priest training. It was a seat of English general education in the State of Travancore and is regarded as the "first locale to start English education" in [[Kerala]] and the first to have Englishmen as teachers in 1815 itself. In course of time it even came to be known as Syrian College. The students were taught English, Hebrew, Greek, Latin, Syriac and Sanskrit over and above Malayalam along with Theological subjects.

By the early 1820s, some administrators within the East India Company were questioning if this was a sensible use of the money. [[James Mill]] noted that the declared purpose of the [[Aliah University|Madrassa (Mohammedan College)]] and the [[Presidency University, Kolkata|Hindu College]] in Calcutta set up by the company had been "to make a favourable impression, by our encouragement of their literature, upon the minds of the natives" but took the view that the money of the company should have been to further not oriental learning but instead "useful learning". Indeed, [[Presidency University, Kolkata|private enterprise colleges]] had begun to spring up in Bengal teaching Western knowledge in English ("English education"), to serve a native clientele which felt it would be more important that their sons learnt to understand the English than that they were taught to appreciate classic poetry.

Broadly similar issues ('classical education' vs 'liberal education') had already arisen for [[education in England]] with existing [[grammar school]]s being unwilling (or legally unable) to give instruction in subjects other than Latin or Greek and were to end in an expansion of their curriculum to include modern subjects. In the Indian situation a complicating factor was that the 'classical education' reflected the attitudes and beliefs of the various traditions in the sub-continent, 'English education' clearly did not, and there was felt to be a danger of an adverse reaction among the existing learned classes of India to any withdrawal of support for them.

This led to divided counsels within the Committee of Public Instruction. Macaulay, who was Legal Member of the Council of India, and was to be President of the committee, refused to take up the post until the matter was resolved, and sought a clear directive from the Governor-General on the strategy to be adopted.

It should have been clear what answer Macaulay was seeking, given his past comments. In 1833 in the House of Commons Macaulay (then MP for Leeds),<ref>subsequent financial difficulties had led him to go out to India to rebuild his fortunes</ref> had spoken in favour of renewal of the company's charter, in terms which make his own views on the culture and society of the sub-continent adequately clear:

<blockquote>I see a government<ref>that of the East India Company</ref> anxiously bent on the public good. Even in its errors I recognize a paternal feeling towards the great people committed to its charge. I see toleration strictly maintained. Yet I see bloody and degrading superstitions gradually losing their power. I see the morality, the philosophy, the taste of Europe, beginning to produce a salutary effect on the hearts and understandings of our subjects. I see the public mind of India, that public mind which we found debased and contracted by the worst forms of political and religious tyranny, expanding itself to just and noble views of the ends of government and of the social duties of man.</blockquote>

In the [[s:Government of India#Peroration|peroration]], he emphasized the moral imperative of educating Indians in English ways, not to keep them submissive but to give them the potential eventually to claim the same rights as the English:

<blockquote>What is that power worth which is founded on vice, on ignorance, and on misery—which we can hold only by violating the most sacred duties which as governors we owe to the governed—which as a people blessed with far more than an ordinary measure of political liberty and of intellectual light—we owe to a race debased by three thousand years of despotism and priest craft? We are free, we are civilized, to little purpose, if we grudge to any portion of the human race an equal measure of freedom and civilization.

Are we to keep the people of India ignorant in order that we may keep them submissive? Or do we think that we can give them knowledge without awakening ambition? Or do we mean to awaken ambition and to provide it with no legitimate vent? Who will answer any of these questions in the affirmative? Yet one of them must be answered in the affirmative, by every person who maintains that we ought permanently to exclude the natives from high office. I have no fears. The path of duty is plain before us: and it is also the path of wisdom, of national prosperity, of national honour.

The destinies of our Indian empire are covered with thick darkness. It is difficult to form any conjecture as to the fate reserved for a state which resembles no other in history, and which forms by itself a separate class of political phenomena. The laws which regulate its growth and its decay are still unknown to us. It may be that the public mind of India may expand under our system till it has outgrown that system; that by good government we may educate our subjects into a capacity for better government, that, having become instructed in European knowledge, they may, in some future age, demand European institutions. Whether such a day will ever come I know not. But never will I attempt to avert or to retard it. Whenever it comes, it will be the proudest day in English history. To have found a great people sunk in the lowest depths of slavery and superstition, to have so ruled them as to have made them desirous and capable of all the privileges of citizens would indeed be a title to glory all our own.<ref>But in an essay of 1825, Macaulay had defended the politics of [[John Milton|Milton]] (objected to by [[Samuel Johnson|Johnson's]] ''Lives of the Poets'') on very different lines
:Many politicians of our time are in the habit of laying it down as a self-evident proposition, that no people ought to be free till they are fit to use their freedom. The maxim is worthy of the fool in the old story who resolved not to go into the water till he had learnt to swim. If men are to wait for liberty till they become wise and good in slavery, they might indeed wait forever. "Milton", Edinburgh Review, August 1825 ; included in T. B. Macaulay 'Critical and Historical Essays, Vol 1', J M Dent, London, 1910 [Everyman's Library, volume 225]</ref> The sceptre may pass away from us. Unforeseen accidents may derange our most profound schemes of policy. Victory may be inconstant to our arms. But there are triumphs which are followed by no reverses. There is an empire exempt from all natural causes of decay. Those triumphs are the pacific triumphs of reason over barbarism; that empire is the imperishable empire of our arts and our morals, our literature and our laws.</blockquote>

==Macaulay's "Minute Upon Indian Education"==
To remove all doubt, however, Macaulay produced and circulated a [[s:Minutes on Education In India, Written in the Years 1835, 1836 and 1837/Minute by Mr. Macaulay (2 February, 1835)|Minute]] on the subject. Macaulay argued that support for the publication of books in Sanskrit and Arabic should be withdrawn, support for traditional education should be reduced to funding for the Madrassa at Delhi and the Hindu College at [[Varanasi|Benares]], but students should no longer be paid to study at these establishments.<ref>Macaulay described it as unheard of that students should have to be paid to study, but later had to concede that scholarships were routinely awarded at English universities</ref> The money released by these steps should instead go to fund education in Western subjects, with English as the language of instruction. He [[s:Minutes on Education In India, Written in the Years 1835, 1836 and 1837/Minute by Mr. Macaulay (2 February, 1835)#Summary|summarised]] his argument

<blockquote>To sum up what I have said, I think it is clear that we are not fettered by the Act of Parliament of 1813; that we are not fettered by any pledge expressed or implied; that we are free to employ our funds as we choose; that we ought to employ them in teaching what is best worth knowing; that English is better worth knowing than Sanskrit or Arabic; that the natives are desirous to be taught English, and are not desirous to be taught Sanskrit or Arabic; that neither as the languages of law, nor as the languages of religion, have the Sanskrit and Arabic any peculiar claim to our engagement; that it is possible to make natives of this country thoroughly good English scholars, and that to this end our efforts ought to be directed.</blockquote>

With Macaulay’s Minute – notes that are recorded during a meeting, highlighting key issues that are discussed, motions proposed or voted on, and certain activities that may need to be acted upon – his efforts were not always perceived in the kindest of light. The proposed “Minute on Education” has had its importance questioned by hundreds of scholars throughout the years, especially [[Warren Hastings]]. From 1780 to 1835, the British government in India had followed the educational policy that was in place under Warren Hastings. He wanted to maintain the [[British East India Company]]’s stance that they had to do more than the pre-British Muslim governments had done to encourage classes of Muslim and Hindu society. However, Macaulay demotes this policy through his Minute, using it as a final, yet successful, attack upon the Hastings educational policy, speaking to how completing an education should not be rewarded with payment or how the educated should ‘expect any remunerative employment by which they might put their specialized learning to work’. The conflicting viewpoint gathered Macaulay's disdain in the public eye, even to the present day.

Macaulay's [[s:Minutes on Education In India, Written in the Years 1835, 1836 and 1837/Minute by Mr. Macaulay (2 February, 1835)#LanguageWorthKnowing|comparison]] of Arabic and Sanskrit literature to what was available in English is forceful, colourful, and nowadays often quoted against him.

<blockquote>I have conversed both here and at home with men distinguished by their proficiency in the Eastern tongues. I am quite ready to take the oriental learning at the valuation of the Orientalists themselves. I have never found one among them who could deny that a single shelf of a good European library was worth the whole native literature of India and Arabia.<ref>Indeed, a response to the Minute circulated by [[Henry Thoby Prinsep]] (also to be found in Sharp, H. (ed.). 1920. Selections from Educational Records, Part I (1781–1839). Superintendent, Govt. Printing, Calcutta) whilst disagreeing strongly with the proposed course of action agreed with this verdict: "It is laid down that the vernacular dialects are not fit to be made the vehicle of instruction in science or literature, that the choice is therefore between English on one hand and Sanskrit and Arabic on the other – the latter are dismissed on the ground that their literature is worthless and the superiority of that of England is set forth in all animated description of the treasures of science and of intelligence it contains and of the stores of intellectual enjoyment it opens. There is no body acquainted with both literatures that will not subscribe to all that is said in the minute of the superiority of that of England.</ref>  [...] And I certainly never met with any Orientalist who ventured to maintain that the Arabic and Sanscrit poetry could be compared to that of the great European nations. But when we pass from works of imagination to works in which facts are recorded, and general principles investigated, the superiority of the Europeans becomes absolutely immeasurable. It is, I believe, no exaggeration to say, that all the historical information which has been collected from all the books written in the Sanscrit language is less valuable than what may be found in the most paltry abridgments used at preparatory schools in England. In every branch of physical or moral philosophy, the relative position of the two nations is nearly the same.</blockquote>

In 1937 and 1938, writers Edward Thompson and [[Percival Spear]] argued how Macaulay’s Minute was more “secondhand nonsense” and how the “decisive consideration was financial economy… it was cheaper to teach people to read in English than to subsidize translations in a variety of Indian languages….” With this came the idea of a divide in Indian society on how to approach this new way of thinking. The incorporation of English and Westernized education into traditional education in India was not perceived in the best light by most natives. With there being already a lack of formal education in India, the intrusiveness of incorporating Western concepts made many natives feel that receiving an ‘English education’ in India is entirely different than a ‘desire to learn English’.

There had already been an implementation of English and Western society in India at the time, primarily focused on the East India Company, where speaking English was embedded into everyday use. These native ‘elite’ group of English speakers in India worked in offices, factories, and warehouses of the East India Company, with their numbers increasing rapidly, giving Macaulay more reason to impose the Minutes upon the natives. However, despite the increasing numbers of English speakers and learners in India, there came the ‘Downward Filtration Theory’, where many of the wealthy class – mainly those who studied and practiced English – failed to help improve the lives of those in the lower class. This was largely due to the amount of the lower class that tried to receive a better education, but there were only some ‘students who learned English were [able] to pay’. The more financial stability one had equated to how much of a Western education they received, with the elite and wealthy gaining most of the knowledge. Despite some doing better off in a game of winners and losers, most natives were detrimentally affected by the Minutes, with many being impacted by this drastic shift into ‘westernizing’ of ‘Indian’ cultures.

He [[s:Minutes on Education In India, Written in the Years 1835, 1836 and 1837/Minute by Mr. Macaulay (2 February, 1835)#SuperiorityOfEnglish|returned]] to the comparison later:

<blockquote>Whoever knows [English] has ready access to all the vast intellectual wealth, which all the wisest nations of the earth have created and hoarded in the course of ninety generations. It may be safely said, that the literature now extant in that language is of far greater value than all the literature which three hundred years ago was extant in all the languages of the world together.  [...] The question now before us is simply whether, when it is in our power to teach this language, we shall teach languages in which, by universal confession, there are no books on any subject which deserve to be compared to our own; whether, when we can teach European science, we shall teach systems which, by universal confession, whenever they differ from those of Europe, differ for the worse; and whether, when we can patronise sound Philosophy and true History, we shall countenance, at the public expense, medical doctrines, which would disgrace an English farrier,—Astronomy, which would move laughter in girls at an English boarding school,—History, abounding with kings thirty feet high, and reigns thirty thousand years long,—and Geography, made up of seas of treacle and seas of butter.</blockquote>

Mass education would be (in the fullness of time) by the [[s:Minutes on Education In India, Written in the Years 1835, 1836 and 1837/Minute by Mr. Macaulay (2 February, 1835)#ClassOfIndiansAsInterpreters|class of Anglicised Indians]] the new policy should produce, and by the means of vernacular dialects:

<blockquote>[...] it is impossible for us, with our limited means, to attempt to educate the body of the people. We must at present do our best to form a class who may be interpreters between us and the millions whom we govern; a class of persons, Indian in blood and colour, but English in taste, in opinions, in morals, and in intellect. To that class we may leave it to refine the vernacular dialects of the country, to enrich those dialects with terms of science borrowed from the Western nomenclature, and to render them by degrees fit vehicles for conveying knowledge to the great mass of the population.</blockquote>

What came along with the ‘Westernization of Indian cultures’ was an abandonment of culture and religion. In a letter to his father, [[Zachary Macaulay]] detailed the ‘success’ of the Minute, and the impact it had on Indian culture and livelihood since its enactment. He details how “the effect of this education on the Hindoos is prodigious… no Hindoo who has received an English education ever continues to be sincerely attached to his religion….” The shift to Western education, although favored by a majority of the general committee, was not the results that India had expected. The abandonment of some of their religion, changing over to implementing was to fulfill ‘serving the colonial bureaucracy’. Relaying back to how only the elite could receive higher English education, this created the divide that resulted in the major religious and cultural shifts throughout India.

== The Act ==
Bentinck wrote that he was in full agreement with the sentiments expressed.<ref>most likely because he had held them before the Minute was written; the Minute should therefore be read as a rumbustious justification of a foregone conclusion, not as an exercise in persuasive analysis. Perhaps the point was made to Macaulay at the time; in an essay published in the Edinburgh Review in July 1835 (and therefore roughly contemporaneous with the Minute), he wrote of [[Charles James Fox]]'s ''History of James the Second'': ..those more serious improprieties of manner into which a great orator who undertakes to write history is in danger of falling. There is about the whole book a vehement, contentious, replying manner. Almost every argument is put in the form of an interrogation, an ejaculation or a sarcasm. The writer seems to be addressing himself to some imaginary audience "Sir James Mackintosh", Edinburgh Review, August 1825; included in T. B. Macaulay 'Critical and Historical Essays, Vol 1', J M Dent, London, 1910 [Everyman's Library, volume 225]</ref> However, students from Calcutta Madrassa raised a petition against its closure; this quickly got considerable support and the Madrassa and its Hindu equivalent were therefore retained. Otherwise the act endorsed and implemented the policy Macaulay had argued for.
<blockquote>The Governor-General of India in Council has attentively considered the two letters from the Secretary to the Committee of Public Instruction,<ref>Prinsep, who was given a hard time on 2 different counts
* procedurally he should have waited to be asked before giving his views
* there was some suspicion that he had leaked news of the likely new policy to the Calcutta Madrassa students</ref> dated the 21st and 22nd January last, and the papers referred to in them.

First, His Lordship in Council is of opinion that the great object of the British Government ought to be the promotion of European literature and science among the natives of India; and that all the funds appropriated for the purpose of education would be best employed on English education alone.

Second, But it is not the intention of His Lordship in Council to abolish any College or School of native learning, while the native population shall appear to be inclined to avail themselves of the advantages which it affords, and His Lordship in Council directs that all the existing professors and students at all the institutions under the superintendence of the Committee shall continue to receive their stipends. But his lordship in Council decidedly objects to the practice which has hitherto prevailed of supporting the students during the period of their education. He conceives that the only effect of such a system can be to give artificial encouragement to branches of learning which, in the natural course of things, would be superseded by more useful studies and he directs that no stipend shall be given to any student that may hereafter enter at any of these institutions; and that when any professor of Oriental learning shall vacate his situation, the Committee shall report to the Government the number and state of the class in order that the Government may be able to decide upon the expediency of appointing a successor.

Third, It has come to the knowledge of the Governor-General in Council that a large sum has been expended by the Committee on the printing of Oriental works; his Lordship in Council directs that no portion of the funds shall hereafter be so employed.

Fourth, His Lordship in Council directs that all the funds which these reforms will leave at the disposal of the Committee be henceforth employed in imparting to the native population a knowledge of English literature and science through the medium of the English language; and His lordship.</blockquote>

==Opposition in London suppressed==
On the news of the act reaching England, a despatch giving the official response of the company's Court of Directors was drafted within India House (the company's London office). James Mill was a leading figure within the India House (as well as being a leading [[utilitarianism|utilitarian philosopher]]). Although he was known to favour education in the vernacular languages of India, otherwise he might have been expected to be broadly in favour of the Act. However, he was by then a dying man, and the task of drafting the response fell to his son [[John Stuart Mill]]. The younger Mill was thought to hold similar views to his father, but his draft despatch turned out to be quite critical of the Act.

Mill argued that students seeking an 'English education' in order to prosper could simply acquire enough of the requisite practical accomplishments (facility in English etc.) to prosper without bothering to acquire the cultural attitudes; for example it did not follow that at the same time they would also free themselves from superstition. Even if they did the current learned classes of India commanded widespread respect in Indian culture, and that one of the reasons they did so was the lack of practical uses for their learning; they were pursuing learning as an end in itself, rather than as a means to advancement. The same could not reliably said of those seeking an 'English education', and therefore it was doubtful how they would be regarded by Indian society and therefore how far they would be able to influence it for the better. It would have been a better policy to continue to conciliate the existing learned classes, and to attempt to introduce European knowledge and disciplines into their studies and thus make them the desired interpreter class. This analysis was acceptable to East India Company's Court of Directors but unacceptable to their political masters (because it effectively endorsed the previous policy of 'engraftment') and [[John Cam Hobhouse]] insisted on the despatch being redrafted to be a mere holding statement noting the Act but venturing no opinion upon it.

== Aftermath ==

===Reversion to favouring traditional colleges===
By 1839 [[Lord Auckland]] had succeeded Bentinck as Governor-General, and Macaulay had returned to England. Auckland contrived to find sufficient funds to support the English Colleges set up by Bentinck's Act without continuing to run down the traditional Oriental colleges. He wrote a Minute (of 24 November 1839) giving effect to this; both Oriental and English colleges were to be adequately funded. The East India Company directors responded with a despatch in 1841 endorsing the twin-track approach and suggesting a third:

<blockquote>We forbear at present from expressing an opinion regarding the most efficient mode of communicating and disseminating European Knowledge. Experience does not yet warrant the adoption of any exclusive system. We wish a fair trial to be given to the experiment of engrafting European Knowledge on the studies of the existing learned Classes, encouraged as it will be by giving to the Seminaries in which those studies are prosecuted, the aid of able and efficient European Superintendence. At the same time we authorise you to give all suitable encouragement to translators of European works into the vernacular languages and also to provide for the compilation of a proper series of Vernacular Class books according to the plan which Lord Auckland has proposed.</blockquote>

The East India Company also resumed subsidising the publication of Sanscrit and Arabic works, but now by a grant to the [[Royal Asiatic Society|Asiatic Society]] rather than by undertaking publication under their own auspices.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www2.engl.polyu.edu.hk/department/academicstaff/documents/5_Evans%20(2002b).pdf |title=Stephen Evans,"Macaulay’s Minute Revisited: Colonial Language Policy in Nineteenth-century India", Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development Vol. 23, No. 4, 2002 |access-date=15 February 2011 |archive-date=21 July 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721090250/http://www2.engl.polyu.edu.hk/department/academicstaff/documents/5_Evans%20(2002b).pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>

=== Mill's later views ===
In 1861, Mill in the last chapter ('On the Government of Dependencies') of his '[[Considerations on Representative Government]]' restated the doctrine Macaulay had advanced a quarter of a century earlier – the moral imperative to improve subject peoples, which justified reforms by the rulers of which the ruled were as yet unaware of the need for,

<blockquote>"There are ... [conditions of society] in which, there being no spring of spontaneous improvement in the people themselves, their almost only hope of making any steps in advance [to 'a higher civilisation'] depends on the chances of a good despot. Under a native despotism, a good despot is a rare and transitory accident: but when the dominion they are under is that of a more civilised people, that people ought to be able to supply it constantly. The ruling country ought to be able to do for its subjects all that could be done by a succession of absolute monarchs guaranteed by irresistible force against the precariousness of tenure attendant on barbarous despotisms, and qualified by their genius to anticipate all that experience has taught to the more advanced nation. Such is the ideal rule of a free people over a barbarous or semi-barbarous one. We need not expect to see that ideal realised; but unless some approach to it is, the rulers are guilty of a dereliction of the highest moral trust which can devolve upon a nation: and if they do not even aim at it, they are selfish usurpers, on a par in criminality with any of those whose ambition and rapacity have sported from age to age with the destiny of masses of mankind"</blockquote>

but Mill went on to warn of the difficulties this posed in practice; difficulties which whatever the merits of the Act of 1835 do not seem to have suggested themselves to Macaulay:<ref>of whom [[Lord Melbourne]] is said to have remarked "I wish I was as cocksure of anything as Tom Macaulay is of everything" – see Oxford Dictionary of Quotations</ref>

<blockquote>It is always under great difficulties, and very imperfectly, that a country can be governed by foreigners; even when there is no disparity, in habits and ideas, between the rulers and the ruled. Foreigners do not feel with the people. They cannot judge, by the light in which a thing appears to their own minds, or the manner in which it affects their feelings, how it will affect the feelings or appear to the minds of the subject population. What a native of the country, of average practical ability, knows as it were by instinct, they have to learn slowly, and after all imperfectly, by study and experience. The laws, the customs, the social relations, for which they have to legislate, instead of being familiar to them from childhood, are all strange to them. For most of their detailed knowledge they must depend on the information of natives; and it is difficult for them to know whom to trust. They are feared, suspected, probably disliked by the population; seldom sought by them except for interested purposes; and they are prone to think the servilely submissive are the trustworthy. Their danger is of despising the natives; that of the natives is of disbelieving that anything the strangers do can be intended for their good.<ref>'Of the Government of Dependencies by a Free State' Chapter XVIII of 'Considerations on Representative Government' pages 382–384 of "Utilitarianism, Liberty & Representative Government", J S Mill, J M Dent & Sons Ltd, London (1910) [no 482 of 'Everyman's Library']</ref></blockquote>

==See also==
* [[Education in India]]
* [[Indianisation]]
* [[Timeline of Hindu texts]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Further reading==
* Caton, Alissa. "Indian in Colour, British in Taste: William Bentinck, Thomas Macaulay, and the Indian Education Debate, 1834-1835." ''Voces Novae'' 3.1 (2011): pp 39–60 [https://digitalcommons.chapman.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1056&context=vocesnovae online].
* Evans, Stephen. "Macaulay's minute revisited: Colonial language policy in nineteenth-century India." ''Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development'' 23.4 (2002): 260–281.
* Ghosh, Suresh Chandra. "Bentinck, Macaulay and the introduction of English education in India." ''History of Education'' 24.1 (1995): 17–24.
* Kathiresan, B., and G. Sathurappasamy, "The People’s English." ''Asia Pacific Journal of Research'' 1#33 (2015) [http://www.apjor.com/downloads/0403201830.pdf online] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180426043636/http://www.apjor.com/downloads/0403201830.pdf |date=26 April 2018 }}.
* O'Dell, Benjamin D. "Beyond Bengal: Gender, Education, and the Writing of Colonial Indian History" ''Victorian Literature and Culture'' 42#3 (2014), pp. 535–551 [https://www.jstor.org/stable/24575896 online]
* Spear, Percival. "Bentinck and Education" ''Cambridge Historical Journal'' 6#1 (1938), pp. 78–101 [https://www.jstor.org/stable/3020849 online]
* Whitehead, Clive. "The historiography of British imperial education policy, Part I: India." ''History of Education'' 34.3 (2005): 315–329.

===Primary sources===
* Moir, Martin and Lynn Zastoupil, eds. ''[https://www.amazon.com/Great-Indian-Education-Debate-Orientalist-Anglicist/dp/0700711813/ The Great Indian Education Debate: Documents Relating to the Orientalist-Anglicist Controversy, 1781-1843]'' ( 1999 )

* Elmer H. Cutts. “[https://doi.org/10.2307/1842459. The Background of Macaulay’s Minute.]” [[The American Historical Review]] 58, no. 4 (1953): 824–53.

* “[https://franpritchett.com/00generallinks/macaulay/txt_letters_later.html#sourceinfo. The Letters of Thomas Babington Macaulay]”, ed. by Thomas Pinney, vol. 3 (January 1834-August 1841). Cambridge: [[Cambridge University Press]], 1976.

* Sharp, Henry. ''[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.534291/page/n23/mode/2up?q=minute%2Bon%2Beducation. Selections from Educational Records]'' (1840-59) Pt.2 : Richey, J. A.

[[Category:History of education in India]]
[[Category:Education law in India]]
[[Category:1835 in India]]
[[Category:1835 in education]]
[[Category:English-language education]]
[[Category:Language education in India]]

Mr. and Mrs. Sadachari

2026-03-04T09:43:56Z

Ferdinand78P: done

{{Use Indian English|date=June 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2016}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Mr. and Mrs. Sadachari
| image = Mr and Mrs Sadachari.jpeg
| alt =
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = Ashish Wagh
| producer = {{ubl|Utpal Acharya | Ashish Wagh}}
| writer = {{ubl|[[Pravin Tarde]]| Uma Kulkarni}}
| starring = {{ubl|[[Vaibbhav Tatwawdi]] | [[Prarthana Behere]]}}
| music = {{ubl|Pankaj Padghan | [[V. Harikrishna]]}}
| cinematography = Balajee Rangha
| editing = Mayur Hardas
| studio = Indian Films Studio
| distributor = Indian Films Studio
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2016|2|19}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = [[Marathi language|Marathi]]
| budget =
| gross =
}}

'''''Mr. and Mrs. Sadachari''''' is a 2016 Indian [[Marathi language]] [[action romance film]], directed by Ashish Wagh and produced by Utpal Acharya and Ashish Wagh under the banner Indian Films Studio.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/Vaibhav-and-Prarthana-in-Mr-Mrs-Ramachari-Marathi-remake/articleshow/49337897.cms|title=Vaibbhav and Prarthana tie the knot?|publisher=}}</ref> The film released on 19 February 2016 across [[Maharashtra]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/ranveer-singhs-brotherly-act-for-onscreen-sibling/|title=Ranveer Singh's brotherly act for onscreen sibling|date=18 February 2016|publisher=}}</ref> It stars [[Vaibbhav Tatwawdi]] and [[Prarthana Behere]] in lead roles.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.loksatta.com/manoranjan-news/vaibhav-tatwawadi-in-mr-and-mrs-sadachari-1168284/|title=वैभव तत्ववादीच्या छातीवर महाराजांच्या प्रतिमेचा टॅटू!|date=8 December 2015|publisher=}}</ref> The hit pair is brought together again after ''[[Coffee Ani Barach Kahi]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://thehitavada.com/Encyc/2016/2/9/Tall-on-talent.aspx|title=Tall on talent|publisher=|access-date=9 June 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160210093358/http://thehitavada.com//Encyc/2016/2/9/Tall-on-talent.aspx|archive-date=10 February 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> The movie is an official remake of the [[Kannada]] Blockbuster film ''[[Mr. and Mrs. Ramachari]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/Yashs-Mr-Mrs-Ramachari-now-in-Marathi/articleshow/49297136.cms|title=Yash's Mr & Mrs Ramachari now in Marathi|publisher=}}</ref>

==Cast==
*[[Vaibbhav Tatwawdi]] as Shiva Sadachari
*[[Prarthana Behere]] as Gargi
*[[Mohan Joshi]] as Shiva's Father
*Vijay Andalkar
*Uma Sardeshmukh as Shiva's Mother
*Uday Nene as Bandya
*Sumukhi Pendse as Gargi's Mother
*[[Prasad Jawade]] as Dattu
*[[Shalva Kinjawdekar]] as Young Shiva

==Plot==
The Sadachari family is a middle-class Maharashtrian family, with a mother, father, and two sons. Jiva is the tame, docile one, who is a straight-A student, while Shiva (Vaibbhav Tatwawdi) is a hot-headed, street-smart altruistic boy, who idolizes Shivaji Maharaj. Shiva's father (Mohan Joshi) has given up on him, and the father-son have a strained relationship. Shiva avoids his father, college, and responsibilities, among other things. Shiva falls in love with Gargi (Prarthana Behere), who happens to be his best friend Dattu's sister. Dattu doesn't agree with this at first, but being a side-character, he doesn't have much of a choice but to give in. After a few saccharine-sweet romantic days, Gargi and Shiva have a huge fight, in which Gargi (sort of) walks out on Shiva. In fits of rage, they both agree to marry different people, who are brought into their lives by their respective parents. A few twists and turns later. Are they able to reconcile their differences and come back together? forms the crux of story.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/entertainment/mr-and-mrs-sadachari-film-review-another-masala-entertainer/68649|title=Mr. & MRS. Sadachari: Film Review – A Marathi Movie, Sandalwood Style}}</ref>

== Soundtrack ==
{{Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Jagdamb
| extra1 = Adarsh Shinde, Sayali, Chorus
| title2 = Saang Na Re
| extra2 = Tushar Joshi, Sayalie Pankaj
| title3= Prem rutu
| extra3 = Sagar Phadake
}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|5644678}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mister and Mrs. Sadachari}}

[[Category:2016 Marathi-language films]]
[[Category:2016 films]]
[[Category:Indian romantic drama films]]
[[Category:Marathi remakes of Kannada films]]
[[Category:2016 romantic drama films]]

The Terrorist (2018 film)

2026-03-04T04:39:17Z

Ferdinand78P: Put up basic article added tags

{{Short description|2018 Indian Kannada-language suspense-thriller drama film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2025}}
{{Infobox film
| name =
| image = The Terrorist (2018 film).jpg
| alt =
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| native_name = 
| director = [[PC Shekhar]]
| writer = Sachin SG Holagund (dialogues)
| screenplay =
| story =
| based_on = 
| producer = [[Alankar Pandian]]
| starring = [[Ragini Dwivedi]]
| narrator =
| cinematography =
| editing =
| music = Pradeep Varma
| studio = [[Invenio Origin]]
| distributor = 
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2018|10|18}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Kannada
| budget =
| gross =
}}
'''''The Terrorist''''' is a 2018 Indian Kannada-language suspense-thriller drama film directed by [[PC Shekhar]] and starring [[Ragini Dwivedi]].<ref name="indiatimes">{{cite web|url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/south-masala/a-day-in-the-life-of-the-terrorist/articleshow/66267595.cms|website=bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com|title=Ragini Dwivedi: Ragini Dwivedi opens up about her role in The Terrorist|access-date=2023-04-19|archive-date=2023-04-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230418091027/https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/south-masala/a-day-in-the-life-of-the-terrorist/articleshow/66267595.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="indiatimes2">{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/letting-go-of-acting-offers-and-focusing-on-my-weight-loss-was-a-big-deal-ragini-dwivedi/articleshow/63465439.cms|title=Letting go of acting offers and focusing on my weight loss was a big deal: Ragini Dwivedi {{pipe}} Kannada Movie News|website=Times of India|access-date=2023-04-19|archive-date=2022-07-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220726185321/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/letting-go-of-acting-offers-and-focusing-on-my-weight-loss-was-a-big-deal-ragini-dwivedi/articleshow/63465439.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Cast ==
*[[Ragini Dwivedi]] as Reshma
*Manu Hegde
*Amir Ali Shaik
*Krishna Hebbale
*Samiksha
*Ravi Bhat
*Pushkar Mallikarjunaiah

== Music ==
The music for the film was composed by Pradeep Varma.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Terrorist Songs: The Terrorist MP3 Kannada Songs by S.Pradeep Varma Online Free on Gaana.com |url=https://gaana.com/album/the-terrorist |website=[[Gaana (music streaming service)|Gaana]] |access-date=4 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230704151430/https://gaana.com/album/the-terrorist |archive-date=4 July 2023 |language=en |url-status=live}}</ref>
{{Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| headline = Track listing
| title1 = Suriyoo Kaneera Omme
| extra1 = [[Ananya Bhat]]
| lyrics1 = Mahesh Raj
| length1 = 2:23
| title2 = Jeeva Neevene
| extra2 = Ananya Bhat, [[Chethan Naik]]
| lyrics2 = Mahesh Raj
| length2 = 2:48
| total_length = 5:11
}}

==Reception==
A critic from ''[[The Times of India]]'' wrote that "Take time off to watch The Terrorist this weekend for its gripping, but no-nonsense tale".<ref name="indiatimes3">{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-reviews/the-terrorist/movie-review/66272504.cms|newspaper=The Times of India|title=The Terrorist Review {3/5}: An interesting edge-of-the-seat watch|first=Kavya|last=Christopher|date=18 October 2018|access-date=2025-05-28}}</ref> A critic from ''[[The News Minute]]'' wrote that "Just being different from the usual stereotypes does not qualify as content. A film should be really well scripted and executed to make a difference".<ref name="thenewsminute">{{cite web|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/terrorist-review-ragini-dwivedis-low-intensity-thriller-fails-engage-90196|title='The Terrorist' review: Ragini Dwivedi's low intensity thriller fails to engage|website=The News Minute|access-date=2023-04-19|archive-date=2023-04-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230418091029/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/terrorist-review-ragini-dwivedis-low-intensity-thriller-fails-engage-90196|url-status=live}}</ref> A critic from ''[[The New Indian Express]]'' wrote that "The Terrorist adds a human and innocent angle to a highly debated topic and makes it a one time watch".<ref name="newindianexpress">{{cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2018/oct/20/the-terrorist-movie-review-ragini-dwivedi-shoulders-this-movie-on-terrorism-1887412.html|title=The Terrorist: On her shoulders|website=The New Indian Express|access-date=2023-04-19|archive-date=2023-04-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230418091027/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2018/oct/20/the-terrorist-movie-review-ragini-dwivedi-shoulders-this-movie-on-terrorism-1887412.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==

*{{IMDb title|id=tt9248762}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Terrorist, The}}
[[Category:Films shot in Bengaluru]]
[[Category:2018 Kannada-language films]]
[[Category:2018 Indian films]]
[[Category:Indian thriller films]]
[[Category:2018 thriller films]]

NH-8: Road to Nidhivan

2026-03-02T10:04:54Z

Ferdinand78P: starting

{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = NH-8 Road to Nidhivan
| image =
| caption =
| director = Munindra Gupta
| producer = Sunil Goel Niharika Jha
| writer = Munindra Gupta
| starring = Auroshikha Dey Ravneet Kaur Satyakaam Anand Arjun Fauzdar Tarun Foujdar Swaroopa Ghosh
| music = Debprito Saha
| cinematography = Mailesan Rangaswamy
| editing = [[Prakash Jha]]
| studio =
| distributor = Sunny Khanna
| released = {{Film date|2015|04|17|df=yes}}
| runtime = 100 minutes
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| budget =
| gross =
}}
'''''NH-8 Road to Nidhivan''''' is an Indian Psychological- Suspense Thriller film directed by Munindra Gupta and produced by Sunil Goel and Niharika Jha. The film was released on 17 April 2015.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/previews/NH-8-Road-To-Nidhivan/articleshow/46747518.cms|title=NH-8 Road to Nidhivan|newspaper=The Times of India|date=30 March 2015|accessdate=3 April 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/nh-8-road-to-nidhivan-to-hit-screens-on-17th-april-2015-hindi-news-129093|title='NH 8 - Road To Nidhivan' to hit screens on 17th April 2015|work=India glitz|date=30 March 2015|accessdate=3 April 2015}}</ref>

==Cast==
*Auroshikha Dey
*Ravneet Kaur
*Satyakaam Anand
*Arjun Fauzdar
*Swaroopa Ghosh
*[[Jatin Sarna]]

==Plot==
The gripping film is inspired by true stories of the mysterious conception of Nidhivan, a place near Mathura. The film is set against the backdrop of a road trip of four friends from Mumbai to Nidhivan, a place close to [[Mathura]] ([[Uttar Pradesh]]). The film shows the actual stay of teams inside nidhivan

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|tt4671212}}

[[Category:2015 films]]
[[Category:2015 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:2015 Indian films]]
[[Category:Indian horror thriller films]]
[[Category:Indian psychological thriller films]]
[[Category:2015 horror films]]
[[Category:2015 horror thriller films]]
[[Category:2015 psychological thriller films]]

{{2010s-Hindi-film-stub}}
{{psychological-thriller-film-stub}}

Victory at Sea Memorial

2026-02-22T13:39:01Z

Ferdinand78P: basic corrected layout additionally and updated info to improve readability

{{Short description|War memorial in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2018}}
{{Infobox military memorial
| name = Victory at Sea
| native_name = సముద్రం వద్ద విజయం
| native_name_lang =
| body = {{flag|India}}
| image = War Memorial, Vizag.jpg
| caption =
| commemorates = the [[Indian Navy]]
| use_dates = 
| established = 10 December 1996
| unveiled =
| coordinates = {{coord|17.7187|N|83.3322|E|display=inline,title}}
| location = [[Beach Road, Visakhapatnam]]
| nearest_town =
| designer =
| total_burials =
| unknowns =
| commemorated =
| by_country =
| by_war =
| inscription = '''Victory at Sea 1971'''
| embedded =
| findagrave =
| source =
}}

The '''Victory at Sea Memorial''' ({{langx|te|విక్టరీ ఎట్ సీ}}) is an Indian [[memorial]] constructed after the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1971]] which is dedicated to the [[Indian Navy]] and the [[Eastern Naval Command]] sailors. It was constructed in 1996.<ref name="Victory at Sea">{{cite news|title=Victory at Sea|publisher=trodly.com|access-date=4 January 2017|url=http://www.trodly.com/india/destination-5986/victory-at-sea-war-memorial-visakhapatnam}}</ref> It is located on [[Beach Road, Visakhapatnam]].

==History==
In the 1971 [[Bangladesh Liberation War|liberation war]] in [[East Pakistan]], the [[Pakistan Navy]] targeted the [[Visakhapatnam Port]] to destroy the Indian aircraft carrier {{INS|Vikrant|1961|6}} but the Indian Navy sunk the Pakistani submarine [[PNS Ghazi|PNS ''Ghazi'']] at the coast of Visakhapatnam and took the first battle victory in that war.<ref name=" Victory at Sea"/><ref name="History of Victory at Sea">{{cite news|title=History of Victory at Sea|publisher=economictimes.indiatimes.com|access-date=20 December 2016|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/slideshows/nation-world/real-story-of-submarine-pns-ghazi-and-the-mystery-behind-its-sinking/looking-back/slideshow/56085883.cms}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Visakhapatnam}}
[[Category:Indian military memorials and cemeteries]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Visakhapatnam]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Visakhapatnam]]
[[Category:Uttarandhra]]

{{Visakhapatnam-geo-stub}}
{{mil-memorial-stub}}

Thomas J. Pucadyil

2026-02-12T03:14:23Z

Ferdinand78P: Put up new details v1

{{Short description|Indian biologist and biochemist}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2019}}
{{Infobox scientist
| name = Thomas J. Pucadyil
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1976|11|20}}
| birth_place = Kerala, India
| death_date =
| death_place =
| fields = {{ublist | [[Molecular biology]] | [[Biochemistry]] }}
| workplaces = {{ublist | [[Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology]] | [[Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune]] }}
| alma_mater = {{ublist | [[St. Xavier's College, Ahmedabad]] | [[Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda]] | [[Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology]] | [[Scripps Research]]}}
| doctoral_advisor =
| doctoral_students =
| known_for = Studies on membrane biochemistry and [[Vesicle (biology and chemistry)#Transport vesicles|vesicular transport]]
| awards = {{ublist| 2018 [[Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize]] }}
}}
'''Thomas John Pucadyil''' (born 1976) is an Indian molecular biologist, biochemist and a professor and chair of biology at the [[Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune]]. Known for his studies on membrane biochemistry and [[vesicular transport]], Pucadyil is an international research scholar of the [[Howard Hughes Medical Institute]]/[[Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation]] and a senior fellow of the [[Wellcome Trust]]- [[Department of Biotechnology]]. The [[Council of Scientific and Industrial Research]], the apex agency of the Government of India for scientific research, awarded him the [[Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology]], one of the highest Indian science awards, for his contributions to biological sciences in 2018.<ref name="View Bhatnagar Awardees">{{Cite web |url=http://ssbprize.gov.in/Content/Detail.aspx?AID=535 |title=View Bhatnagar Awardees |date=2017 |publisher=Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize |access-date=11 November 2017}}</ref>{{Refn|group=note|Long link - please select award year to see details}}

== Biography ==
[[File:CCMB Hyderabad India.jpg|thumb|left|CCMB Hyderabad]]
Thomas J. Pucadyil, born on 20 November 1976,<ref name="Associateship - Indian Academy of Sciences">{{Cite web |url=https://www.ias.ac.in/describe/associate/Pucadyil,__Thomas_J |title=Associateship - Indian Academy of Sciences |date=2018-12-22 |website=www.ias.ac.in |access-date=2018-12-22}}</ref> to renowned plasma physicist and [[Padma Shri]] recipient, [[P. I. John]] of the Pucadyil family,<ref name="ബയോളജിയിലെ ഗവേഷണമികവ്">{{Cite web |url=https://www.manoramaonline.com/education/campus-updates/2018/10/05/thomas-pucadyil-bhatnagar-award-winner.html |title=ബയോളജിയിലെ ഗവേഷണമികവ് |date=5 October 2018 |website=Manoramaonline.com |access-date=2018-12-22}}</ref> graduated in biochemistry from [[St. Xavier's College, Ahmedabad]] of [[Gujarat University]] in 1997 and earned his master's degree from [[Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda]] in 1999.<ref name="Profile on IISER Pune">{{Cite web |url=http://www.iiserpune.ac.in/~pucadyil/Welcome_files/Pucadyil_CV.pdf |title=Profile on IISER Pune |date=2018-12-22 |website=IISER Pune |access-date=2018-12-22}}</ref> Subsequently, he enrolled for doctoral studies at the [[Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology]], Hyderabad and served as a National Brain Research Council postdoctoral fellow at CCMB for a year from 2004 to 2005. After securing the PhD in 2005, he moved to the US to join [[Scripps Research]], as a post doctoral fellow where he worked as a [[Leukemia & Lymphoma Society]] fellow from 2007 to 2010. Returning to India in 2010, he joined the [[Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune]] (IISER Pune) as an assistant professor and holds the position of an associate professor since 2016.<ref name="Profile on IISER Pune" />

== Research ==
Pucadyil's research-focus is in the field of reconstruction biology and he leads a laboratory, ''Pucadyil Lab'',<ref name="Pucadyil Lab">{{Cite web |url=http://www.iiserpune.ac.in/~pucadyil/Welcome.html |title=Pucadyil Lab |date=2018-12-22 |website=www.iiserpune.ac.in |access-date=2018-12-22}}</ref> at IISER Pune where he hosts several researchers who are involved in the studies of the rational design principles behind the formation of [[Vesicle (biology and chemistry)|vesicles]] inside living cells.<ref name="Pucadyil Lab members">{{Cite web |url=http://www.iiserpune.ac.in/~pucadyil/Members.html |title=Pucadyil Lab members |date=2018-12-22 |website=www.iiserpune.ac.in |access-date=2018-12-22}}</ref> His studies have been documented by way of a number of articles;{{Refn|group=note|Please see ''Selected bibliography'' section}}<ref name="Thomas Pucadyil - Google Scholar Citations">{{Cite web |url=https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=TRdAVbkAAAAJ&hl=en |title=Thomas Pucadyil - Google Scholar Citations |date=2018-12-22 |website=scholar.google.com |access-date=2018-12-22}}</ref> [[ResearchGate]], an online repository of scientific articles has listed 85 of them.<ref name="Thomas Pucadyil - PhD - Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune">{{Cite web |url=https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Thomas_Pucadyil |title=Thomas Pucadyil - PhD - Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune |date=2018-12-22 |website=ResearchGate |language=en |access-date=2018-12-22 }}</ref>

== Awards and honours ==
Pucadyil, a member of the [[Guha Research Conference]], has held such fellowships as [[Department of Science and Technology (India)|DST]]-[[Science and Engineering Research Board|SERB]] fellowship (2016), Wellcome Trust/DBT India Alliance intermediate fellowship (2016) and the Career Development Grant of the [[Leukemia & Lymphoma Society]] (2007).<ref name="Profile on IISER Pune" /> In 2011, he received the associate-ship of the [[Indian Academy of Sciences]],<ref name="Associateship - Indian Academy of Sciences" /> followed by the [[Wellcome Trust]]/[[Department of Biotechnology|DBT]] India Alliance senior fellowship in 2017.<ref name="India Alliance">{{Cite web |url=https://www.indiaalliance.org/fellowsprofile/dr-thomas-pucadyil-145 |title=India Alliance |date=2018-12-22 |website=www.indiaalliance.org |access-date=2018-12-22}}</ref> The same year, he was chosen for the International Research Scholar's Grant of the [[Howard Hughes Medical Institute]] and [[Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation]],<ref name="Dr Thomas Pucadyil named HHMI International Scholar">{{Cite web |url=https://iiserpunenews.wordpress.com/2017/05/16/dr-thomas-pucadyil-named-hhmi-international-scholar/ |title=Dr Thomas Pucadyil named HHMI International Scholar |website=iiserpunenews |date=2017-05-16 |language=en |access-date=2018-12-22}}</ref><ref name="Philanthropies Select 41 Scientists as International Research Scholars">{{Cite web |url=https://www.hhmi.org/news/philanthropies-select-41-scientists-international-research-scholars |title=Philanthropies Select 41 Scientists as International Research Scholars |date=2018-12-22 |website=HHMI.org |language=en |access-date=2018-12-22}}</ref> the only Indian among the 41 recipients to receive the {{USD}} 65,000 grant that year.<ref name="Pune Scientist Is Among 41 Researchers Across the World to Receive the Rs. 4,17 Crore Howard Grant">{{Cite web |url=https://www.thebetterindia.com/105027/pune-scientist-thomas-pucadyil-grant-howard-hughes-medical-institute-scholar/ |title=Pune Scientist Is Among 41 Researchers Across the World to Receive the Rs. 4,17 Crore Howard Grant |date=2017-06-15 |website=The Better India |language=en-US |access-date=2018-12-22}}</ref><ref name="An international community of scholars">{{Cite journal |title=An international community of scholars |journal = Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists|volume = 34|issue = 3|last=Hester |first=James M. |date=March 1978 |pages=37–41 |doi=10.1080/00963402.1978.11458479 |bibcode = 1978BuAtS..34c..37H}}</ref><ref name="Pune scientist Dr Thomas Pucadyil to receive $6,50,000 research grant">{{Cite web |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/pune-news/pune-scientist-dr-thomas-pucadyil-to-receive-6-50-000-research-grant/story-ZGYFJVJstS9sc5KaHQjAUO.html |title=Pune scientist Dr Thomas Pucadyil to receive $6,50,000 research grant |date=2017-07-14 |website=hindustantimes.com |language=en |access-date=2018-12-22}}</ref> The [[Council of Scientific and Industrial Research]] awarded him the [[Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize]], one of the highest Indian science awards in 2018.<ref name="Bhatnagar Prize to Dr Thomas Pucadyil">{{Cite web |url=https://iiserpunenews.wordpress.com/2018/09/26/bhatnagar-prize-to-dr-thomas-pucadyil/ |title=Bhatnagar Prize to Dr Thomas Pucadyil |website=iiserpunenews |date=2018-09-26 |language=en |access-date=2018-12-22}}</ref><ref name="Pune scientist wins prestigious Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize">{{Cite web |url=https://punemirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/unwind/pune-scientist-wins-prestigious-shanti-swarup-bhatnagar-prize/articleshow/65970527.cms |title=Pune scientist wins prestigious Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize |last=Suhasini |first=Lalitha|date=2018-12-22 |website=Pune Mirror |access-date=2018-12-22}}</ref>

== Selected bibliography ==
* {{Cite journal |last1=Frolov |first1=Vadim A. |last2=Schmid |first2=Sandra L. |last3=Zimmerberg |first3=Joshua |last4=Pucadyil |first4=Thomas J. |last5=Akimov |first5=Sergey A. |last6=Bashkirov |first6=Pavel V. |last7=Shnyrova |first7=Anna V. |date=2013-03-22 |title=Geometric Catalysis of Membrane Fission Driven by Flexible Dynamin Rings |journal=Science |language=en |volume=339 |issue=6126 |pages=1433–1436 |doi=10.1126/science.1233920 |issn=1095-9203 |pmc=3980720 |pmid=23520112|bibcode=2013Sci...339.1433S }}
* {{Cite journal |date=2017-04-01 |title=Sphingolipids modulate the function of human serotonin1A receptors: Insights from sphingolipid-deficient cells |journal=Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Biomembranes |language=en |volume=1859 |issue=4 |pages=598–604 |doi=10.1016/j.bbamem.2016.10.016 |pmid=27984018 |issn=0005-2736|last1=Jafurulla |first1=Md. |last2=Bandari |first2=Suman |last3=Pucadyil |first3=Thomas J. |last4=Chattopadhyay |first4=Amitabha |doi-access=free }}
* {{Cite journal |last1=Pucadyil |first1=Thomas J. |last2=Kamerkar |first2=Sukrut C. |last3=Dar |first3=Srishti |date=2017 |title=Use of the supported membrane tube assay system for real-time analysis of membrane fission reactions |journal=Nature Protocols |language=en |volume=12 |issue=2 |pages=390–400 |doi=10.1038/nprot.2016.173 |pmid=28125102 |s2cid=3843167 |issn=1750-2799}}
* {{Cite journal |last1=Mukhopadhyay |first1=Amitabha |last2=Pucadyil |first2=Thomas J. |last3=Kamerkar |first3=Sukrut C. |last4=Kumar |first4=Kamal |last5=Lomash |first5=Richa Madan |last6=Kapoor |first6=Anjali |last7=Singh |first7=Pawan Kishor |date=2018-12-03 |title=Salmonella SipA mimics a cognate SNARE for host Syntaxin8 to promote fusion with early endosomes |journal=J Cell Biol |language=en |volume=217 |issue=12 |pages=4199–4214 |doi=10.1083/jcb.201802155 |issn=1540-8140 |pmc=6279372 |pmid=30309979}}
* {{Cite journal |last1=Pucadyil |first1=Thomas J. |last2=Srivastava |first2=Anand |last3=Babu |first3=Kavita |last4=Dar |first4=Srishti |last5=Kadam |first5=Nagesh Y. |last6=Kamerkar |first6=Sukrut C. |last7=Kushwah |first7=Manish S. |last8=Deo |first8=Raunaq |date=2018-12-05 |title=ATP-dependent membrane remodeling links EHD1 functions to endocytic recycling |journal=Nature Communications |language=en |volume=9 |issue=1 |pages=5187 |doi=10.1038/s41467-018-07586-z |issn=2041-1723 |pmc=6281616 |pmid=30518883|bibcode=2018NatCo...9.5187D }}

== See also ==
{{Div col|colwidth=30em}}
* [[Vesicle (biology and chemistry)#Transport vesicles|Transport vesicles]]
* [[Fission (biology)|Fission]]
{{div col end}}
{{portal|India|Biology}}

== Notes ==
{{reflist|group=note|2}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== Further reading ==
* {{Cite web |url=https://indiabioscience.org/news/2017/thomas-pucadyil-from-iiser-pune-chosen-for-hhmi-international-research-scholarship-2017 |title=Interview with Thomas Pucadyil, HHMI International Research Fellow 2017 |last=Sud |first=Reeteka |date=2017-09-01 |website=India BioScience}}

== External links ==
* {{Cite web |url=https://www.helpbiotech.co.in/2018/09/dr-ganesh-nagarajudr-thomas-pucadyil.html |title=Winners of Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize 2018 in Biological Sciences ~ helpBIOTECH |date=2018-12-22 |website=www.helpbiotech.co.in |access-date=2018-12-22}}
* {{Cite web |url=https://www.science.org/content/author/thomas-j-pucadyil |title=Thomas J. Pucadyil |date=2015-06-12 |website=Science - AAAS |language=en |access-date=2018-12-22}}
* {{Cite web |url=https://academictree.org/chemistry/publications.php?pid=743331 |title=Thomas J. Pucadyil - Publications |date=2018-12-22 |website=academictree.org |access-date=2018-12-22}}

{{SSBPST recipients in Biological Science}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Pucadyil, Thomas J.}}
[[Category:Recipients of the Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Award in Biological Science]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Scientists from Kerala]]
[[Category:Malayali people]]
[[Category:Indian biochemists]]
[[Category:Indian molecular biologists]]
[[Category:Gujarat University alumni]]
[[Category:Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda alumni]]
[[Category:Academic staff of the Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune]]
[[Category:Scripps Research alumni]]
[[Category:1976 births]]

Govindapada

2026-02-10T15:53:30Z

Ferdinand78P: Made Entry

{{Short description|Guru of Adi Shankara}}

{{use dmy dates|date=March 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2017}}
{{Infobox religious biography
| religion = [[Hinduism]]
| birth_place =
| image = Shri Gaudapadacharya Statue.jpg
| caption = [[Gaudapada]]charya, the guru of Govinda Bhagavadpada, the grand guru of [[Adi Shankara]] and the first historical proponent of [[Advaita Vedanta]], also believed to be the founder of [[Shri Gaudapadacharya Math]]
}}
'''Govinda Bhagavatpada''' ([[IAST]] {{IAST|Govinda Bhagavatpāda}}) was the [[guru]] of the Hindu philosopher [[Adi Shankara]].<ref name=kamakoti-peeth-origin /> He is one of the prominent gurus of the [[Gaud Saraswat Brahmin]] community. He is mentioned in all the traditional accounts ([[Shankara Vijayams]]) as the teacher of Adi Shankara. He was the disciple of [[Gaudapada]] ([[IAST]] ''{{IAST|Gauḍapāda}}'').<ref name=sringeri-jagadgurus /> He is mentioned in the first verse of Adi Shankara's prakaraṇa grantha (''treatise'') [[Viveka Chudamani]]. He is named after [[Gaudapada]] in the [[Jagadguru of Sringeri Sharada Peetham#Guru Parampara|Guru Parampara]] (''lineage'') of Sringeri Sharada Peetham.<ref name=sringeri-jagadgurus>{{Cite web | url=http://www.sringeri.net/jagadgurus |title = Sringeri Sharada Peetham | Offline}}</ref> He is considered to be an incarnation of [[Shesha]].

==Meeting Adi Shankara==
:''See [[Adi Shankara#Life|Life of Adi Shankara]] for the biography of Adi Shankara''

As per the Madhavīya Shankaravijaya, after leaving [[Kalady]], Adi Shankara reached the banks of the river [[Narmada River|Narmada]] where he met Govinda Bhagavatpada at [[Omkareshwar]]. The Madhavīya Shankaravijaya states that Adi Shankara once calmed a flood from the [[Narmada River|River]] Narmada by placing his kamanḍalu (''water pot'') in the path of the raging water, thus saving his [[guru]] Govinda Bhagavatpada who was immersed in [[Samādhi]] in a cave nearby. The cave is still maintained in Omkareshwar below the famous Shiva temple. Govinda Bhagavatpada is said to have asked Adi Shankara who he was. Adi Shankara then replied with a verse (which are known as [[Atma Shatkam]] or [[Nirvana Shatkam]]) composed extempore, that brought out clearly the [[Advaita]] philosophy in regard to the Self. Shankara was then initiated as Govinda Bhagavatapada's disciple,<ref name=kamakoti-peeth-origin>{{Cite web | url=http://www.kamakoti.org/peeth/origin.html |title = Sri Sankara Bhagavatpada and Sri Kanchi Kamakoti}}</ref> thus formally entering ''[[sanyasa]]''.

Adi Shankara was then commissioned by his Guru to write a ''[[Bhashya]]'' (commentary) on the [[Brahma Sutra]] and spread the Advaita philosophy far and wide.
''[[Gaudapadacharya]]'' was the guru of Govinda Bhagavatpada.

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Hindu philosophers and theologians]]
[[Category:Advaitin philosophers]]
[[Category:Medieval Indian philosophers]]
[[Category:Idealists]]
[[Category:Indian Hindu monks]]
[[Category:Indian Hindu spiritual teachers]]
[[Category:Medieval Hindu religious leaders]]

Siddheshwar Temple, Toka

2026-02-07T15:34:09Z

Ferdinand78P: Put up new place v1

{{short description|Yadava architecture based Hindu temple}}
{{Infobox religious building
| name = Siddheshwar temple, Toka
| religious_affiliation = [[Hinduism]]
| image = File:Siddheshwar Temple, Toka, Maharashtra.png
| alt = Siddheshwar temple
| caption = Siddheshwar temple
| location = [[Nalanda]], [[Maharashtra]]
| coordinates = {{coord|19.6222785|N|75.0140806|E|region:IN|display=inline,title}}
| elevation_m =
| elevation_footnotes =
| deity = [[Shiva]]
| festivals = [[Shivratri]]
| monument_quantity =
| established = Unknown
| creator = [[Seuna (Yadava) dynasty]]
| governing_body =
| website =
| architecture_style = [[Yadava]]
}}

{{Hinduism}}

The '''Shri Siddheshwar temple''' complex in Toka village is another finest example of [[Yadava]] architecture during 12th-13th century in [[Marathwada]] region. After the establishment of the Marathi state, new temples were built during the [[Peshwa]] period. There are plenty of sculptures out there. The temple consists of many sculptures from many epic stories or character like [[Ramayan]], [[Mahabharata]], [[Puranas]], Surasundari, Vyal-Sharbha. However, it is not as delicate and diverse as the temple sculptures during the Yadav period. The temple has a big Shiv[[lingam]] inside the sanctum, with the brass snake and the idol of [[Parvati]] in the back wall.<ref name="a">{{cite news |last1=गुरव |first1=मंदार |title=देखणा सिद्धेश्वर |url=https://www.loksatta.com/trekit-news/article-on-sidheshwar-temple-1161466/ |work=Loksatta |date=19 November 2015 |language=mr-IN}}</ref>

== Architecture ==

{{multiple image
| align = center
| image1 = Sidheshwar Temple Toka.png
| width1 = 220
| alt1 =
| caption1 = Sculptures of Hindu deities carved on the wall of Siddheshwar temple at Toka, Maharashtra

| image2 = Siddheshwar temple, Toka, Maharashtra.png
| width2 = 250
| alt2 =
| caption2 = Siddheshwar temple, Toka, Maharashtra
}}

The spire of the main temple is made up of small peaks, designed as a sabhamandap. The pillars of the temple are of [[Peshwa]] style. There is a beautiful Nandi in front of the Shiva temple which is very similar to Bhuleshwar Nandi. The beautiful rope carvings on Nandi's back, the chains, the snake's fence, the embroidered stripes, the small bell vines are very beautiful. Jai Vijay is the gatekeeper at the entrance of the temple and Yaksha is the bearer in the sabhamandap and sanctum. There are shrines on the side of the temple in the sculptures on the outer wall. Figures from Epics like [[Ramayana]], [[Mahabharata]] and other [[Puranas]] are engraved on the walls on all sides of the temple.

On the front side of the temple, a very beautiful [[Dashavatar]] plaque is carved. All 10 incarnations of [[Lord Vishnu]] like Matsyavatar, Kurmavatar, Varaha Avatar, Nrusinhavatar, [[Vamana]] Avatar, [[Parashuram]] Avatar, [[Rama]] avatar, [[Krishna]] avatar, Buddhavatar, [[Kalki]] avatar can be seen here.

There is a sculpture carved on the right and left side wall of the main temple, on the left side the king is visiting this temple and on the right side there is a beautiful sculpture of Draupadi. Apart from this, Balakrishna's events in [[Gokul]], [[Krishna]]'s leela with Gopikas, [[Arjuna]]'s pride, Bhim's pride, [[Hanuman]] Sita's visit to Ashoka forest. There are also some interesting sculptures, carved on the plaque while playing various instruments like women's bhavmudras, nrityamudras, tal, mridang etc., while doing hairdo and playing veena.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ahmednagar.nic.in/tourist-place/siddheshwardevi-and-vishnu-temple-at-toka/|title=Siddheshwar,Devi and Vishnu temple at Toka|last=|first=|date=|website=ahmednagar.nic.in|publisher=Government Of Maharashtra, Ahmednagar District|access-date=2016-11-17}}</ref>

{{multiple image
| align = left
| direction=vertical
| image1 = Sidheshwar Temple Toka3.png
| width1 = 250
| alt1 =
| caption1 = Carving of vedic monks on the pillars of Sidheshwar Temple Toka, Maharashtra
| image2 = Sidheshwar Temple Toka22.png
| width2 = 250
| alt2 =
| caption2 = Sculptures of Hindu deities carved on the wall of Siddheshwar temple at Toka, Maharashtra
}}

==Hindu Temples==

;The Vishnu temple
The Vishnu temple on the right is smaller in size than the main temple and has beautiful idols of deities on each side. Lord [[Varuna]] idol is carved on the west wall with his vehicle, an elephant while Varuna's snare and his mace are also carved in it. Lord [[Agni]] idol is carved in the south-east wall with his vehicle Edka, while idol of [[Yama]] can be resemble in the south is his vehicle Reda. Idol of Vayu carved on the northwest wall is standing with a flag in his hand. His vehicle is probably an ox.<ref name="a"/>

Swami Ishan or Rudra from the northeast is standing with Vaish Nandi holding Trishul, Damru, Kamandalu and Nag in his hand. Swami Kubera on the north side is standing with his crocodile. The vehicle of fire is shown in some places as an ox, Varuna's Nakra or a crocodile (since Varuna is a water deity). Unique sculptures of elephants and peacocks are carved on the back wall of this Vishnu temple. Peacocks are so well carved that even the teeth in their jaws can be seen clearly.

;Devi Temple
An idol of [[Chamunda]] killing a demon by holding a weapon in his hand can be seen inside the temple. One hand is held a seed supplement (mhalunga fruit pulp) which symbolizes the goodness of innovation / regeneration. There are various beautiful idols like Mahalakshmi sitting on lotus, Narasimhi with lion, Indri or Indrani with elephant, Vaishnavi with eagle vehicle.<ref name="a"/>

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Shiva temples in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Ahmednagar district]]
[[Category:Vishnu temples]]
[[Category:Shakti temples]]

Bhikangaon

2026-02-06T11:15:12Z

Ferdinand78P: improve layout and cleaned formatting based on references

{{Use Indian English|date=April 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2025}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Bhikangaon
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name = Bhikangaon
| nickname =
| settlement_type = town
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Madhya Pradesh#India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Madhya Pradesh, India
| coordinates = {{coord|21.87|N|75.95|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Madhya Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Khargone district|Khargone]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 278
| population_total = 16217
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = Hindi [[Nimadi]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type =  451331
| postal_code =
| registration_plate = [[Vehicle registration plates of India|MP 10]]
| website =
| iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:IN|IN-MP]]
| footnotes =
}}

'''Bhikangaon''' is a village and a [[nagar parishad]] in [[Khargone district]] in the state of Madhya Pradesh, India.

==Geography==
It has an average elevation of 278 metres (912 feet).<ref>[http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/35/Bhikangaon.html Falling Rain Genomics, Inc - Bhikangaon]</ref>

==Demographics==

{{As of|2001}}, Bhikangaon had a population of 14,288. Males constitute 52% of the population and females 48%. Bhikangaon has an average literacy rate of 69%, higher than the national average of 59.5%; with male literacy of 75% and female literacy of 62%. 15% of the population is under 6 years of age.

The Bhikangaon Nagar Panchayat has population of 16,217 of which 8,315 are males while 7,902 are females as per report released by Census India 2011.

The population of children aged 0-6 is 2221 which is 13.70% of total population of Bhikangaon (NP). In Bhikangaon Nagar Panchayat, female sex ratio is of 950 against a state average of 931. Moreover, the child sex ratio in Bhikangaon is around 884 compared to Madhya Pradesh state average of 918. The literacy rate of Bhikangaon city is 82.29% higher than the state average of 69.32%. In Bhikangaon, male literacy is around 88.58% while the female literacy rate is 75.76%.
{{bar box
|title=Religion in Bhikangaon
|titlebar=#Fcd116
|left1=Religion
|right1=Percent
|float=right
|bars=
{{bar percent|Hindus|orange|80.38}}
{{bar percent|Muslims|green|18.31}}
{{bar percent|[[Jainism|Jains]]|pink|0.88}}
{{bar percent|Others†|black|0.5}}
{{bar percent|Christians|blue|0.17}}
|caption=Distribution of religions 
†Includes [[Sikh]]s (0.22%), Buddhists (0.00).
}}

==References==
<references/>

{{Indore Division}}

[[Category:Villages in Khargone district]]

{{Indore-geo-stub}}

Ek Duje Ke Vaaste 2

2026-02-05T02:54:44Z

Ferdinand78P: Made A Info.

{{Short description|Indian television series}}
{{use dmy dates|date=September 2020}}
{{Infobox television
| image = Ek Duje Ke Vaaste 2 - Image.jpeg
| caption =
| genre = Romantic Drama
| writer = Dilip Jha, Akash Virmani, Manu Sharma, Aditya Singh
| director = Jai Basant Singh, Ranjeet Gupta
| creative_director = Uday Berry
| starring = {{ubl|[[Mohit Kumar (actor)|Mohit Kumar]]|[[Kanikka Kapur]]|[[Vidhi Pandya]]}}
| open_theme = "Ek Duje Ke Vaaste"
| composer = Adil Prashant Raaj<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/ek-duje-ke-vaaste-2-title-track-sung-by-reality-show-contestant/1696974|title=''Ek Duje Ke Vaaste 2'' title track sung by reality show contestant|website=[[Outlook India]]}}</ref>
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| num_seasons = 1
| num_episodes = 218 
| list_episodes = #List of episodes
| producer = Dilip Jha Archita Jha
| editor = Rocchak Ahuja
| camera =
| runtime = 21–22 minutes
| company = Bindu Moving Images Team Studio Next
| first_aired = {{Start date|2020|02|10|df=yes}}
| last_aired = {{End date|2021|03|31|df=yes}}
| network = [[Sony Entertainment Television]] [[SonyLIV]]
| related = ''[[Ek Duje Ke Vaaste]]''
}}

'''''Ek Duje Ke Vaaste 2''''' ({{Translation|''Made for each other 2''}}) is an Indian Hindi-language romantic television series, based on [[Indian Army|Army]] background, aired on [[SonyLIV]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|last=Keshri|first=Shweta|title=Ek Duje Ke Vaaste 2 to stream exclusively on SonyLiv, makes way for KBC 12|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/soaps/story/ek-duje-ke-vaaste-2-to-stream-exclusively-on-sonyliv-kbc-12-replaces-the-show-on-tv-1724161-2020-09-22|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-09-24|website=India Today|date=22 September 2020 |language=en}}</ref> The series initially starred [[Mohit Kumar (actor)|Mohit Kumar]] and [[Kanikka Kapur]], until Kapur was replaced by [[Vidhi Pandya]].<ref name=":0" /> The earlier episodes were also aired on [[Sony Entertainment Television]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/soaps/story/ek-duje-ke-vaaste-season-2-high-school-sweethearts-part-ways-to-reunite-later-1631210-2019-12-24|title=Ek Duje Ke Vaaste 2: High school sweethearts part ways to reunite later|work=India Today}}</ref> It is a [[spiritual successor]] of the series'' [[Ek Duje Ke Vaaste]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mid-day.com/articles/ek-duje-ke-vaaste-2-five-reasons-this-show-cannot-be-missed/22582181|title=Ek Duje Ke Vaaste- 2|website=Mid Day|date=10 February 2020}}</ref>

==Summary==

The show is set in [[Bhopal]]. Shravan Malhotra, a spoilt and indisciplined civilian teenager is sent to an [[Indian Army Public Schools|army school]] to learn discipline where he meets Suman Tiwari, a fully disciplined and ambitious girl from an army family who is the daughter of [[Colonel (India)|Colonel]] Vijay Tiwari who is, in turn, Shravan's father Devraj's friend. Initially, both despise each other due to their different backgrounds.

Shravan dislikes the [[discrimination]] between army and civilian students and the conflicts this often leads to. Suman and Shravan are constantly at odds with each other as they try to prove the other's view wrong. However, despite their constant clashes, Shravan falls in love with Suman. He tries to confess his love to her but hesitates. Shravan's father has an argument with Suman's father, Vijay, and the two families grow to dislike each other. Several incidents take place, increasing this tension. Meanwhile, Suman learns about Shravan's feelings for her. She mistakes this to be just a teenage crush and decides to ask him to be her best friend instead. Shravan finally confesses his love to Suman. Hearing the [[confession]], she decides not to remain in contact with him as she worries that not doing so will cause Shravan more pain, unaware that deep down, she has feelings for him as well. Separately, Anish challenges Shravan by placing Suman's honour at stake. In order to defend her, Shravan takes up the challenge.
While the two are competing, Shravan falls from a high wall but Suman risks her own life and saves him. When questioned by Shravan about why she took such a huge risk just to save him, Suman is unable to answer and she realises how deeply she has fallen for him. The next day, she confesses her feelings for him. Later, they both go on a date where Suman is kidnapped and later saved by Shravan. A huge misunderstanding breaks out between both their families due to which Shravan ends up pathetically begging Suman's grandfather to not take the matter further. Suman watches this scenario helplessly and later breaks down as she hates seeing Shravan beg. They meet at SuVan corner regularly to talk, study together, teach each other new things and give presents to each other. Later they permanently [[tattoo]] each other's name - Shravan on his chest and Suman on her back.

After months of secret love, they are finally discovered almost kissing by their families. Enraged, both families decide to send their children away so that they do not meet each other. Shravan and Suman decide to elope so that they can buy time hoping their family will understand their true love for each other and accept their relationship.
Elsewhere, Vijay gets [[Killed in action|killed]] while fighting insurrectionists in a [[counterinsurgency]] operation. Suman regrets that she had been cold towards her father in their last meeting. Devraj is arrested on charges of making a low-quality bulletproof vest and goods for the army and is blamed for Vijay's death. Suman believes this and breaks up with Shravan, leaving him heartbroken.

===After 7 years===

Hatred has made both Shravan and Suman strangers to each other for the last 7 years. Shravan is a captain in the Dhar regiment of the [[Indian Army]]. He is considered a daredevil by his platoon. Unknown to him, Suman is now a Surgeon captain in the [[Army Medical Corps (India)|AMC]]. The once perfectly disciplined, obedient, and cheerful Suman has now evolved into a strict yet rebellious and unruly army doctor who does not bow down to anyone. Both now live in broken families- Suman's mother is no more and in her absence, Suman's once loving aunt now has property-related issues with Suman. On the other hand, Shravan is struggling to manage his father's legal complications as well as his uncle who is now a depressed divorcee. Also, Shravan's cousin, Avni, now lives with her mother and avoids Rajendra. On the other hand, Suman's lawyer, Vikram, is interested in Suman and tries to impress her.

Separately, both of them prepare for the final verdict of the case which was filed against Shravan's father by Suman's family long back. For the same, they return to their home town Bhopal, where they meet unexpectedly. It so happened that Suman's cousin brother Veer was saved by Shravan from a fatal truck collision, in which Shravan gets grievously injured. Ensuing their sudden meet, they cherish intense hostility and disdain for each other due to their past. To their dismay, the [[Military hospital|Military Hospital]] Commandant assigns Suman to treat Shravan. Meanwhile, Kanchan, Suman's cousin sister, returns from her hostel, and Vikram befriends Shravan, who unknowingly helps Vikram impress Suman. Shravan also gets to know that Vikram and Suman are in a relationship, enraging him.

A few weeks later, the case verdict is out and Shravan wins the case. Suman is dejected because she feels that she couldn't give justice to Vijay. At Veer's birthday party, both Suman and Shravan confess their heart out and how much they missed each other during their difficult times. The confession turns into an argument as she still feels that the earlier punishment given to Devraj is not enough. The next day, Suman files the case again in the high court. Vikram notices the tiff between the two and thus Suman reveals their past relationship to Vikram but she mentioned it as a high school attraction. This irks Shravan and he vows to irritate Suman.

Shravan sells his house but is unable to find any alternative accommodation as he needs to stay for a few days more due to his recovering injury. Suman's aunt asks Shravan to stay as a paying guest in their house, to which he agreed. Sophie is then introduced. Sharavan and Sophie click instantly which makes Suman quite jealous. After an encounter with Vikram, Sophie tells Shravan that she is the ex-girlfriend of Vikram. Vikram is afraid that Suman might consider him a loser because Sophie had dumped him earlier and so, he does not turn up for the invited dinner which hurts Suman. Suman is taunted by Chachi. This makes Shravan sad and he helps Vikram realizing his mistake. Suman gets to know about this which increases her respect for Shravan. They start to have good care and bond again only to realize that they have been hurt by each other in the past and should not let their inner feelings take over. They decide to show each other that they have 'moved on' by getting closer to their respective partners.

During a wedding, Avni visits the Malhotra home once again and instantly realizes that Suman and Shravan still possess strong feelings for each other.
Separately, Suman and Shravan each realize that they still love each other. On discovering that Shravan had helped him in her financial difficulties furtively, Suman discerns Shravan still cares for her and she vows to dig the truth. But before she could interrogate Shravan, she sees Shravan with Sophie and misconceives them to be dating. Dejected, she decides against confessing and to move on with some happy memories of time spent with Shravan. She even withdraws the judicial case against Shravan's father. On the other hand, based on Bunty's viewpoint, Shravan gets a hunch that Suman feels for her and attempts to divulge his love to the latter. But before he could confess, Suman accedes to Vikram's marriage proposal. It renders Shravan heartbroken and he determines to drift away from Suman as soon as possible so as to not cause any grief to either Suman or Vikram.

As Shravan has healed and is fit to join his command and resume his duty, he insists to scram away immediately. It agonizes Suman further as she craved for Shravan's company. Shravan's sudden departure devastates Suman. She meets with a minor road accident due to incautious driving and sprains her ankle. On hearing the news, Shravan succumbs to returning Bhopal in order to visit Suman.

Few day later, Suman's engagement is finalized with Vikram. However, on the day of engagement, Shravan proposes to Suman and she accepts, breaking the alliance with Vikram.

After lots of efforts, SuVan finally manages to get consent for their marriage from their respective families, and they get married. Suman becomes ADC Major Dr. Suman Malhotra and Shravan becomes Major Shravan Malhotra.

Although their marriage and love is tested several times, their true love for each other always prevails.

==Cast==
===Main===
* [[Mohit Kumar (actor)|Mohit Kumar]] as [[Major (rank)|Major]] Shravan Malhotra of the Dhar [[Regiment#Commonwealth armies|Regiment]]: Devraj and Kavita's son; Avni's cousin; Suman's husband. He was a happy-go-lucky, affluent, indisciplined, and spoilt teenager from a civilian background. Later, he became Suman's love interest. However, after Vijay's death, both end their relationship. After the leap, he is a [[Captain (armed forces)|captain]] (later Major) in the [[Indian Army]] (Infantry). Shravan and Suman got married as they realise that they still love each other. (2020–2021)
* [[Kanikka Kapur]] / [[Vidhi Pandya]] as [[Major (rank)|Major]] Dr. Suman Tiwari Malhotra [[Aide-de-camp#India|ADC]]: Anjali and Vijay's daughter; Kanchan and Veer's cousin; Shravan's wife. She was a disciplined, ambitious teenager who views the world from the army's perspective as she is brought up in a family of army officers. Later, she became Shravan's love interest. However, after her father's death, she slaps him, humiliates Shravan and his father and ends their relationship. After the leap, she is a [[Captain (armed forces)|captain]] (later Major) and doctor in the Indian Army Medical Forces ([[Army Medical Corps (India)|AMC]]). (2020–2021) / (2021)<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=Bureau|first=ABP News|title=Kanika Kapur QUITS 'Ek Duje Ke Vaaste 2', THIS 'Udaan' Actress To REPLACE Her|url=https://news.abplive.com/entertainment/television/kanikka-kapur-quits-ek-duje-ka-vaaste-2-udaan-actress-vidhi-pandya-to-replace-in-kanika-kapur-in-edkv-2-1414178|access-date=2020-12-20|website=ABP Live|date=17 December 2020|language=en}}</ref>

===Recurring===
* [[Akshay Anand]] as Devraj Malhotra: CEO of a defense industry; Rajendra's brother; Kavita's husband; Shravan's father; Vijay's former best friend. He was Vijay's best friend but after a misunderstanding with Vijay, both families started to dislike each other. He faced humiliation from Mohan Tiwari. Tiwaris consider him responsible for Vijay's death as his company made bulletproof vests for army. He later is shown to be proven innocent and wins the case. After the leap he shown to hate Tiwaris and wants revenge. Later on, he accepts Suman as his daughter-in-law happily. (2020–2021)
* Mamta Varma / Soni Srivastava as Kavita Malhotra: Devraj's wife; Shravan's mother and Devraj's wife. She is a caring lady and loves her family and especially her son Shravan and always supports Shravan. (2020) / (2020–2021)
* Takshi Negi / Twinkle Saini as Avni Malhotra: Rajendra and Ragini's daughter; Shravan's cousin. (2020) / (2021)
* Rahul Parenja / Ahtesham Azad Khan as Rajendra Malhotra: Devraj's brother; Ragini's husband; Avni's father. He always at odds with Brigadier Mohan Tiwari. (2020) / (2020–2021).
* Bhavya Mishra as Ragini Malhotra: Rajendra's wife; Avni's mother. (2020–2021)
* [[Jay Thakkar]] as Bunty: Shravan's best friend; Kanchan's fiancé. He helps Shravan with his various problems. He was a loyal friend of Shravan and was always standing by his side. After leap, helps Shravan to reunite with Suman. (2020–2021)
* Nivedita Soni as Jhumri: Malhotras' housemaid; Damru's wife. (2020–2021)
* Anurag Arora as [[Killed in action|Martyr]] [[Colonel (India)|Colonel]] Vijay Tiwari [[Vir Chakra|VrC]] [[Sena Medal|SM]]: Mohan's elder son; Ramesh's brother; Anjali's husband; Suman's father; Devraj's former best friend. He was a strict army officer who had received many bravery awards for his dedication towards his work. After having a misunderstanding with Devraj, both the families started to dislike each other. He died while fighting terrorists and Devraj was blamed for the former as his company produced low-quality bulletproof jackets and goods for Army. (2020) (Dead)
* [[Reema Vohra]] / Shubha Saxena as Anjali Tiwari: Vijay's widow; Suman's mother. She was a very kind-hearted, calm, and composed lady. (2020) (Dead)
* Ahmed Khan as Late [[Brigadier (India)|Brigadier]] Retd. Mohan Tiwari: Vijay and Ramesh's father; Suman, Kanchan and Veer's grandfather. He was a retired army officer and very strict by nature and looked down on civilians.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/ahmed-khan-to-play-exarmy-officer-in-ek-duje-ke-vaaste-2/1718187|title=Ahmed Khan to play ex-army officer in ''Ek Duje Ke Vaaste 2''|website=[[Outlook India]]}}</ref> He hated Malhotras and created a misunderstanding between Devraj and Vijay. (2020) (Dead)
* Khushi Mishra as Kanchan Tiwari: Ramesh and Beena's daughter; Veer's sister; Suman's cousin; Bunty's fiancée. Initially, she had a crush on Shravan, but later supports Suman and Shravan's love enthusiastically and helps Suman to realise Shravan's feelings. She is a very loving and supportive sister to Suman. After the leap, she is shown to have returned from the college hostel after her event management course and it is revealed that she was sent to a hostel because she helped Suman and Shravan to elope. She baselessly held Shravan responsible for all the mess and hated him. She wanted Suman to marry Vikram without knowing Suman's feelings. After knowing Suman's feelings, She helps Suman and Shravan to get married. (2020–2021)
* Shiv Chopra as Ramesh Tiwari: Mohan's younger son; Vijay's brother; Beena's husband; Kanchan and Veer's father. His father, Mohan Tiwari wanted him to become an army officer like Vijay but he failed to do so due to his asthma, which he sometimes regrets. He takes care of Suman after his brother's death and now he has to provide for his family and take care of expenses. (2020–2021)
* Seema Saxena as Beena Tiwari: Ramesh's wife; Kanchan's and Veer's mother. She was a loving and caring aunt to Suman but after the latter's parents' death, she gradually started having property related issues with Suman. She apologized to Shravan and his family because of Devraj winning the case. (2020–2021)
* Devansh Malviya as Veer Tiwari: Ramesh and Beena's son; Kanchan's brother; Suman's cousin. He develops close friendship with Shravan.(2020–2021)
* Ghanshyam Tiwari as Damru: A home-helper at Tiwaris'; Jhumri's husband. All Tiwari family treats him like a family member. (2020–2021)
* [[Fahad Ali]] as Vikram Jaiswal: Suman's new lawyer and friend after the leap. He also becomes friends with Shravan. He was ex-boyfriend of Sophie. He is shown to be obsessed with marriage, and had developed one-sided love for Suman. He was very clingy and ultimately got rejected by Suman too.(2020)
* Taruna Nirankari as Sophie Matthews: Vikram's ex-girlfriend; Shravan's friend and one-sided lover. She is a wedding planner. Later on, She leaves Bhopal with a broken heart after discovering Shravan's love for Suman. (2020)
* Nishant Raghuvanshi as [[Captain (armed forces)|Captain]] Anish Bhan: Shravan and Suman's classmate. He belongs from a military family. He is Shravan and Suman's classmate. He hates Shravan for his undisciplined attitude. The hatred takes the form of hostility after he starts loving Suman. After a leap, he is now an army officer. (2020)
* Kashish Kanwar as Devika Sinha: Shravan's former girlfriend and Suman's friend. Shravan breaks up with her for the sake of his love for Suman after which Devika joins hands with Anish and plots against Shravan. After a leap, she married an army officer. (2020)
* Vipul Singh as Saheb, Shravan's civilian friend. (2020)
* Rushil Jain as [[Captain (armed forces)|Captain]] Nishant Bassi: Shravan's [[National Defence Academy|NDA]] Batchmate and friend (2020–2021)
* Vinay Vidhani as [[First Lieutenant|Lieutenant]] Saurabh Manwani: Shravan's junior in [[National Defence Academy|NDA]] and friend. (2020–2021)
* Unknown as [[Colonel (India)|Colonel]] Arvind Gujral [[Sena Medal|SM]], Suman's senior officer, and hospital commandant. (2020–2021)
* Shekhar Singh as [[Major (India)|Major]] Ronak Joshi, Suman's colleague in AMC regiment. (2021)
* Aarav Kanha Sharma as Ayaan, Avni's fiancée. (2021)

==List of episodes==

{{Episode table |background=#A61270|overall= |title= |airdate= |airdateR=<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sonyliv.com/shows/ek-duje-ke-vaaste-1700000096|title=Ek Duje Ke Vaaste|website=[[SonyLIV]]|access-date=17 August 2020|archive-date=24 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220924055103/https://www.sonyliv.com/shows/ek-duje-ke-vaaste-1700000096|url-status=dead}}</ref> |country=In |episodes=
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 1
|Title = Suman Can't Stand Shravan
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|02|10|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Suman is a disciplined army kid. Her life is all about rules and consequences until she meets Shravan. Shravan is a civilian, and a brat too. While they do not see each other’s faces, Suman brands Shravan a thief because of his foolhardy actions. They are new neighbours and are about to meet at the same Army event.
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 2
|Title = Suman Meets Shravan
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|02|11|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Col. Tiwari is being honoured in an Army Event. Shravan goes there with his father. Suman finally meets him. They start off on the wrong foot when Suman realises that Shravan is the same ‘thief’ she had chased earlier in the day, and when Shravan realises she has his prized cricket match ticket, all hell breaks loose.
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 3
|Title = Shravan Goes To Army School
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|02|12|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Shravan’s family attends the army lunch. There Suman is praised for being the first female cadet to lead her school in 26 January parade. However, Shravan, who was already having a bad day, sees his fortune go from bad to worse when his activities are exposed before his father. Suman then recommends to Shravan’s father, Devraj, to send him to the Army Public School. Devraj readily decides to do the same. This leaves Suman and Shravan at each other’s throats.
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 4
|Title = Suman Punishes Shravan
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|02|13|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Shravan thinks that he will be rejected from the army school, because of the long selection process. Unexpectedly, he gets inducted on his very first. Suman and Shravan are present in the assembly. Shravan misbehaves in the assembly, and Suman punishes him for it.
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 5
|Title = Shravan Ignores Suman’s Warning
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|02|14|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Shravan and Suman’s friction escalates further when Suman warns Shravan and reminds him to behave appropriately. Shravan, however, does the opposite and challenges the status quo at school. The situation goes out of hand. The battle between Army versus civilian’s kids begins.
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 6
|Title = Shravan Is In Trouble
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|02|17|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Team Army Kids hate Shravan. They trouble him at the school. This makes Shravan realize that his Army School course is not going to be easy.
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 7
|Title = Shravan’s Rebellion Continues
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|02|18|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = In the auditorium, Shravan announces in front of all the students that this year civilian kids will participate in 26 January fest. However, Suman is not in favor of this unnecessary rebellion. When Shravan sees that not even a single civilian kid is showing enthusiasm, he decides to encourage and unite them.
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 8
|Title = Shravan Challenges Aneesh
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|02|19|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Shravan unites the entire civilian students and motivates them to be a part of the fest. Shravan then challenges Aneesh and promises him to change the status quo. Shravan views Suman as a de facto enemy in this fight.
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 9
|Title = Shravan and Aneesh’s Fist Fight
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|02|20|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Due to Shravan’s meddling, Aneesh loses out on the play and Shravan becomes the lead. This angers Aneesh and he gets into a fistfight with Shravan. The news reaches the Principal’s ears. He gets upset and brings in the Army-Civilian buddy system. Despite Shravan and Suman’s unwillingness, they are paired together.
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 10
|Title = Suman Is Stuck In Partnership
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|02|21|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Suman tries hard but fails in changing the budding pair. She finally gives in and tells Shravan that they will be buddies only inside the school.
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 11
|Title = Suman And Shravan be Buddies?
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|02|24|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Suman and Sharavan spend their first day as buddies. But they argue and disagree on almost everything. Finally, the day ends well for Shravan as he is mesmerized by Suman’s performance in the play rehearsal.
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 12
|Title = Shravan Vs The Bullies
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|02|25|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Shravan stands up for a weak friend against the bullies. This impresses Suman. Devika too gets impressed with Shravan’s act and starts bonding with him. Suman senses Shravan’s intentions towards Devika.
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 13
|Title = Shravan Sees Suman Cry
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|02|26|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Sharvan lies to Bunty about Suman’s talents. She overhears Shravan and feels upset. When Shravan gets to know of this, he goes to Suman and apologizes to her. He notices Suman crying for a soldier’s death.
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 14
|Title = Shravan & Suman Are Unable To Rehearse
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|02|27|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Shravan and Suman are not able to rehearse for the play, due to their lack of understanding towards each other. So they decide to meet outside their school, in a cafe to understand each other as it will help them rehearse. Shravan and Suman discover each other’s true nature in this interaction.
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 15
|Title = Suman is Jealous
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|02|28|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Suman gets irritated with Shravan when he leaves to meet Devika without informing her. Later, Shravan insists that he and Suman should meet again. They meet at Shravan’s place for play rehearsals. There, a moment of understanding develops between them. Suman gets impressed seeing Shravan’s trophies and medals. However, Suman is still doubtful of Shravan’s achievements as she is totally unaware of this side of him.
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 16
|Title = Suman Traps Shravan
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|03|02|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Shravan’s dad gives him a responsibility to handover a file in the army cantonment. Meanwhile, Suman also decides to go to the cantonment with her mother as she is going to the Army Wives Welfare Association for a meeting to help a Subedar’s Daughter-In-Law. Shravan and Suman end up meeting in the cantonment. Later, Suman traps Shravan into playing a badminton game with her father, Vijay.
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 17
|Title = Shravan Accepts Suman’s Challenge
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|03|03|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Shravan plays the ‘don’t blink your eyes’ game with Devika and lies that he cannot look at Devika anymore as he sees his dead ex-girlfriend in her eyes. Devika believes him and is shattered. Suman challenges Shravan to impress her grandfather. Shravan accepts the challenge. Shravan wakes up early to join Suman and her grandfather for a jog but he finds impressing the grandfather not that easy.
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 18
|Title = Shravan Is Caught Lying
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|03|04|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Suman's grandfather is waiting to beat Shravan in the game. But Shravan doesn't show up. When asked, Shravan comes up with a story that Suman doesn't believe in. Shravan says that his best friend has met with an accident, hence justifying his absence. Later, Devika comes over to Suman's after school and is worried as to why Shravan isn't speaking to her.
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 19
|Title = Shravan Loses The Bet
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|03|05|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Shravan applies a chess tactic from an old film while playing against Suman's grandfather. He still does not succeed in winning the chess game. Suman is ecstatic and makes Shravan agree to do the things according to her wishes, as the prize of winning the bet against Shravan.
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 20
|Title = Vijay Leaves For A Mission
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|03|06|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Suman's father, Vijay, who is in the army, has to leave for an important mission without meeting Suman. When Suman gets upset when she returns home and finds her father gone. She is unhappy because they hadn't met before her father left for the mission. Suman confides in Shravan. Shravan wants Suman to meet her father before it's too late to meet him. They set off to meet Vijay.
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 21
|Title = Suman Worries About Vijay
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|03|09|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Suman and Shravan hang out and go to eat local food. Meanwhile, Shravan keeps receiving calls from Devika but lies to Suman about the same. Suman thinks Shravan is irresponsible since he has forgotten his wallet including his license. Hence, she doesn’t sit with him on his bike and goes home in an auto. This annoys Shravan. The following morning, the Tiwari family gets to know through Television News that Vijay and his team have been injured. Suman is extremely worried and hence skips school. Shravan having felt Suman’s absence in school decides to give her a call after school.
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 22
|Title = Shravan's Family Consoles The Tiwari's
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|03|10|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Shravan calls Suman who tells him about Vijay's injury. Shravan and his family visit the Tiwari's house to console them. Suman likes Shravan's gesture. An injured Vijay returns home. The family is happy and emotional on seeing him. Shravan and Suman are now friends. Shravan lies about his relationship with Devika. Meanwhile, an emotional scene unfolds about Suman’s grandfather's dream.
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 23
|Title = Shravan Lies Again
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|03|11|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Suman ditches Bunty as he wants to see Devika. Suman and her grandfather take Vijay to the hospital where they meet Bunty. Suman discovers Shravan's lie and they decide to tease Shravan. The doctor advises Vijay to take his injury seriously and give his body rest. Suman and Bunty end up teasing Shravan who is clueless.
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 24
|Title = Shravan’s Mother Knows About His Relationship
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|03|12|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Suman and Bunty remain in contact and come up with plans to annoy Shravan. Shravan gets suspicious. However, during play rehearsals in school, Shravan ends up performing better and naturally when he is paired opposite Suman but messes up his part and cannot perform well when paired with Devika. Devika is hurt by this and ends up leaving the auditorium crying. Shravan lies to her in order to console her. Devika buys his lie. Later, Suman visits Shravan’s house and ends up revealing about Shravan and Devika’s relationship to his mother. She does not do so intentionally and feels guilty.
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 25
|Title = Shravan And Suman Fight
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|03|13|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Shravan finds out that Bunty and Suman have decided to team up. On the other hand, Ramesh ponders over the monetary help offered by Devraj for his business. Shravan and Suman end up fighting as Shravan refuses to accept Suman's advice for him. They end up complaining about each other to their respective siblings.
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 26
|Title = What Does Shravan Tell Devika?
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|03|16|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = After ignoring Shravan for a while, Suman finally talks to him and they discuss everything that Shravan dislikes about Devika. Later, he confronts Devika and she promises not to trouble him. Shravan realises that it was easier to do it than he believed. Meanwhile, Shravan’s and Suman’s fathers decide to attend the PTA.
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 27
|Title = Devika Offends Devraj
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|03|17|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = When the PTA takes place, Suman advises Shravan to make Devika meet his parents. Shravan agrees to do so. A chatty Devika though ends up offending Devraj. Devraj dislikes Devika’s behaviour and scolds Shravan asking him to concentrate on his studies.
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 28
|Title = Sharavan Caught In A Girls' Competition
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|03|18|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Vijay invites Shravan and Devraj for breakfast early in the morning. Shravan is seen mesmerized by Suman. Shravan is neither able to understand his feelings, nor control them. On the other hand, Aneesh asks Devika to convince Shravan to go for a party. Shravan doesn’t see Suman in class and realizes that she had been missing since she was at a debate competition for girls. He tries to go and watch it but gets caught by a teacher since the competition is for girls only. Meanwhile, Devika ends up telling everybody that Shravan tried to meet her.
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 29
|Title = Devika Is Upset
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|03|19|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Suman feels sorry for Shravan who has been punished. Devraj and Vijay have come to school for a meeting and Devraj feels embarrassed on seeing Shravan being punished. Shravan apologises to Suman for embarrassing her. Devika overhears their conversation and gets upset. Aneesh asks Devika to persuade Suman so that she can convince Shravan to attend the party. Later in the night, Shravan visits Suman and realises that she is the one for him.
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 30
|Title = Shravan-Devika's Break Up
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|03|20|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Devika is hurt as Shravan breaks up with her. But Suman is happy that Shravan spoke the truth. Shravan agrees to go to the party thinking that Suman would also be going. This makes Aneesh happy. Later, Shravan wants to celebrate his freedom with Suman and asks her to accompany him for a bike ride around Bhopal. Initially, Suman disagrees but they end up going, which makes Shravan very happy.
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 31
|Title = Suman Rejects Shravan’s Offer
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|03|23|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = At school, Suman is upset with Shravan for his ill-mannered behaviour. Shravan asks Suman what time he should pick her up for the party. Suman refuses his offer and says she’d manage on her own. The party has begun and Devika and Aneesh wait for Shravan. Suman arrives with Kanchan and looks stunning. Shravan decides to apologise to Suman.
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 32
|Title = Will Devika’s Plan Succeed?
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|03|24|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Devika and Aneesh have hatched a plan. But for their plan to work, it is imperative that Shravan comes for the party. Both, Devika and Aneesh are worried about this. They decide to execute their plan as soon as Shravan enters.
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 33
|Title = Aneesh Successfully Traps Shravan
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|03|25|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Aneesh and Devika gather everyone around in the party to expose Shravan's lie about Suman's crush on him. When Suman learns this she feels broken. In the meantime, Devika grabs the opportunity and puts the cake on Shravan’s face to get her revenge. Later, Shravan tries to explain himself to Suman but Kanchan does not let him.
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 34
|Title = Kanchan And Aneesh Team Up
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|03|26|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Kanchan decides to team up with Aneesh and his friends to teach Shravan a lesson. So, Aneesh purposely punctures the tyre of Shravan's bike and looking at Shravan’s struggle, Kanchan helps him reach home. She calls Shravan at her house to meet Suman. But when Shravan reaches her house, he looks at his parents present there. He understands Kanchan’s plan to expose him in front of them.
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 35
|Title = Suman Saves Shravan Again
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|03|27|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = When Suman tries to call Shravan, he keeps rejecting her calls in fear. Finally, Suman seeks Bunty’s help to talk to Shravan and explains to him that they haven't told anything to his parents. Shravan is amused to see Suman helping him again.
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 36
|Title = Shravan Upsets Suman
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|03|30|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Shravan offers something to Suman, but she accidentally hits his forehead while declining the offer. Shravan thinks that Suman would partner up with him for the Buddy Project. But Suman disagrees. On the day of the presentation, Suman fails the project and the principal of the school is disappointed. Shravan on the other hand appreciates Suman and talks about the things that he has learned after knowing her. Shravan agrees to take up any punishment for his partner’s failure in the project. The principal asks Shravan to choose his own punishment and declares the Buddy Project a success. Shravan takes up the duty of waiting tables in the canteen.
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 37
|Title = Bhopali's Suggestion
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|03|31|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Shravan's punishment does not impress Suman. Bhopali has a conversation with Shravan as to how he can be forgiven. Shravan and Bunty discuss the matter at night, by the lake. Shravan wants to know whether he should continue persuading Suman or give her space. The following morning, Suman notices Damru wearing a t-shirt with the words 'I am sorry' printed across and she understands that this has been done by Shravan. Meanwhile, Vijay and grandfather find out that Ramesh had taken money from Devraj. At school, Shravan becomes the chemistry lab assistant in order to seek Suman's forgiveness but Suman doesn't seem to care. Aneesh mixes up Shravan's chemicals. Suman sees this but doesn't stop Shravan from continuing the experiment anyway. Shravan, in spite of knowing that the chemicals are incorrect, continues his experiment waiting for Suman to stop him. Finally, the teacher stops Shravan and asks Suman to help him with the experiment. Suman later scolds Aneesh, which Shravan is happy to see. Vijay ignores Devraj when they see each other and this makes Devraj anxious. Bhopali advises Shravan to donate blood at the blood camp to impress Suman. Shravan is stunned on hearing this suggestion since he is afraid of needles.
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 38
|Title = The Excitement
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|07|20|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Shravan's punishment does not impress Suman. Bhopali has a conversation with Shravan as to how Shravan's sleeping in his bedroom while the girl of his dream jumped over the fences to surprise him. She wakes him up and tells him that her family isn't ready to accept Shravan.
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 39
|Title = Tensed Situation
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|07|21|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Shravan's father went to his friend but comes back little disturbed. He asks for tea but leaves without having it. Shravan follows him to know the reason behind his distress.
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 40
|Title = Shravan Has Something To Say
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|07|22|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Shravan's father is asked to step aside from the property, while Suman's father receives a call from his Colonel. Shravan comes back to talk to Suman but she is adamant on her side.
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 41
|Title = Shravan Gets The Permission
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|07|23|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Shravan's father stops him while he was leaving the house. He asks him about his new avatar and upon getting to know that his son is going to his nemesis's house for group study he feels proud of them.
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 42
|Title = Suman's Plan
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|07|24|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Suman's father is worried about his Devraj and the feud they had earlier. A while later he gets to know that Devraj has hurt his hand and Suman has asked their maid to deliver the ointment to Shravan as well. Apparently, Suman's grandfather punctured one of the tyres of Shravan's Bike.
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 43
|Title = Shravan's Dilemma
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|07|27|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Shravan is caught in the midway while going for group studies. He is asked to team with by his brother and help him in teaching Suman's family a lesson. On hearing about the group study, everyone tries to stop Shravan, and meanwhile, Suman's grandfather is planning something huge
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 44
|Title = Shravan's Waking Up Strategy
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|07|28|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Shravan is trying out a new outfit while talking to his friend Bunty. He's drowned in several thoughts about waking up at 5 in the morning and how he'd be able to pull it off. Bunty's suggestions are also not making any sense to him.
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 45
|Title = Sharvan Is Late For The Class
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|07|29|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Suman's father is happy with Shravan's gesture, but as he is late for the class, there is a discussion that takes place if he should be punished or not. Suman sheds her own thoughts about the matter and asks his father to decide on what is to be done.
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 46
|Title = Shravan's Master Stroke?
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|07|30|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Shravan lays out some of the proudest and patriotic facts in front of the class. Suman's father is surely impressed with Shravan's new persona. While Shravan's father is eavesdropping on their class, the proud feeling for his son can be seen on his face.
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 47
|Title = The Outburst
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|07|31|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Shravan tries to sneak out of his home to attend the extra class, but while making his exit he was caught red-handed by his mother. She is extremely angry on Shravan for not listening to anyone and for ignoring the insults which his family went through.
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 48
|Title = Sharvan seeks Suman's help
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|08|03|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Shravan seeks Suman's help in convincing her family to let Suman study at his house. Will Suman and Shravan be able to convince Suman's family.
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 49
|Title = The Class Continues
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|08|04|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Shravan announces that the class will be continued in his house and he wishes if everyone behaved properly in front of them. Meanwhile, Shravan is excited to see his plan getting executed as he thought it should.
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 50
|Title = A Family Argument
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|08|05|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Shravan's father is extremely angry at his brother's ill behaviour towards his Colonel friend's father. He lashes out on him and tells him to keep his calm. Meanwhile, Shravan's mother loses her calm and speaks up about her husband being biased towards his friend.
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 51
|Title = Shravan's surprise for her mother
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|08|06|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Shravan wants to make her mother happy thus he plans a surprise for her.
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 52
|Title = Clever Daddu
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|08|07|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Daddu received Shravan's call and has decided to host Malhotra's to his house.
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 53
|Title = Letter From Suman's Daddu
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|08|10|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Shravan receives a letter from Suman's Daddu which makes him upset and worried.
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 54
|Title = Shravan Ignores Suman
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|08|11|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Shravan is trying his best to ignore Suman, while Suman is trying her best to make conversations with him. Meanwhile, Bunty is trying to think of an idea to get these love birds hitched for life.
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 55
|Title = Suman Is Impressed
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|08|12|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Suman opens up about her views on Shravan. She talks about how much he cares for his family and how that surprise impressed her. Shravan feels elevated hearing such good words coming from Suman.
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 56
|Title = Suman Is Happy
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|08|13|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Suman was happy to see her father and Shravan's father bonding again at the party. She thinks there's finally a hope where those two can be friends again. And she shares this thought with her sister and wishes to bring back their lost friendship.
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 57
|Title = Shravan In A False Situation
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|08|14|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Shravan is in a false and awkward situation, and calls up his friend for help. Shravan asks his friend to him some of his clothes from his house and to reach Suman's place where he is but warns him that no one should see him there while coming.
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 58
|Title = The Towel Conundrum
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|08|17|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Vijay is getting ready for a jog after being at home rest for a few weeks. He along with his father walk past Devraj's house and Vijay seems a bit concerned about him. He asks his father whether he has heard from Devraj since the party.
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 59
|Title = Vijay Is Concerned
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|08|18|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Suman is asked about the towel used by Shravan while taking a bath in her bathroom. She asks her sister to throw it away in the dustbin. But her sister asks Suman to give to Shravan himself so that it does not get wasted.
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 60
|Title = Suman Gets Her Hand On Shravan's Phone
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|08|19|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Suman gets to know about Shravan's feeling but Shravan very smartly avoids the situation. Later, during studies, Suman gets his hands on Shravan's phone.
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 61
|Title = Suman Gets To Know About Shravan's Feeling
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|08|20|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Suman sees a folder of her pictures in Shravan's phone which makes her realize that Shravan has feelings for her.
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 62
|Title = Shravan Is Super Excited
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|08|21|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Sharvan is completely lost in Suman's thought and is extremely happy and excited about meeting her the next morning as they both will be going out for jogging.
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 63
|Title = Shravan Is Shattered
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|08|24|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Shravan is extremely upset and shattered as Suman has very clearly stated that she thinks of him as her best friend and wants things to remain exactly that way, but Shravan is not really being able to cope up with this fact.
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 64
|Title = Sharvan's Mood Is Still Off
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|08|25|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Shravan continues to remain upset about the fact that Suman considers him to be her best friend and nothing more than that. Shravan decides to not have his dinner when his mother comes with the food and asks him to eat it.
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 65
|Title = Shravan Is Caught Off-Guard
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|08|26|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Shravan's father is fumed upon his son's recent activities and wants to teach him a lesson. While getting out of the house the men collide and Shravan is caught off guard. His father is asking about his recent behaviour and claims to know the reason behind it.
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 66
|Title = Shravan and Suman share a moment
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|08|27|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Shravan and Suman share a moment during a dance session. Suman being a little hesitant leaves soon after.
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 67
|Title = Shravan Gets Caught Red-Handed
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|08|28|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Shravan's mother catches him red-handed while he was talking to himself about his feelings. Somehow, he manages to fool his mother by giving a silly excuse.
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 68
|Title = Shravan's Mother Calls Up Suman
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|08|31|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Shravan's mother calls up Suman to seek for her help, she tells her that Sharvan is in love and that girl is someone from their study group itself, after hearing this Suman reacts a bit surprised.
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 69
|Title = Suman Lies To Save Her Sister
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|09|01|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Suman's uncle somehow finds that burnt piece of paper in which it was written "I love you" and suspects that her daughter had to do something with it. Suman comes at the right time to save her sister from her father regarding this matter and lies about it that it belongs to Shravan but it is related to a play that they are taking part in.
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 70
|Title = Shravan's Confession
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|09|02|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Shravan confesses his love to Suman but has decided to stay away from him. Suman's decision has left Shravan shattered.
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 71
|Title = Suman Gets A Fever
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|09|03|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Shravan is on his way to Suman's house with the medicine. Meanwhile, Suman's sister is tensed about Suman's health and gets even more concerned when her father does not pick up her call. Shravan finds Damru outside Suman's house and gives him the medicine.
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 72
|Title = Team Spirit
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|09|04|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = After receiving the punishment from Colonel Vijay, Shravan starts to do push-ups. But watching him go through this pain, Suman stops him and asks for an equal share in the punishment. Seeing this act Colonel Vijay feels proud and explains the importance of Team Spirit.
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 73
|Title = Suman Finds A Picture
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|09|07|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Suman somehow gets hold of Shravan's wallet and finds a picture of both of them together. She isn't really happy about the fact that Shravan is in love with her as she is not in love with him.
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 74
|Title = Shravan's Mom Is Worried
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|09|08|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Shravan's mother is walking to and fro in their hall waiting for her son to come back. As Shravan enters the house, he is surprised by seeing his mom awake at the time of the night. She explained that she saw a bad dream about Shravan and it woke her up. Shravan tries to calm his mother by assuring her that nothing's happened.
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 75
|Title = Suman and Shravan Sort Differences
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|09|09|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Suman and Shravan can be seen working through their differences here. Their little conversation validates the fact that they are in love. Suman asks him to reply her back, and also to slap her is Shravan wishes to.
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 76
|Title = The Sleepless Nights
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|09|10|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = After declaring her love towards Shravan, Suman feels relieved and happy. As every new love birds feel both can't get enough of each other. Both keep glaring at their phone's screen and texting each other.
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 77
|Title = Suman's Rendezvous with Shravan
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|09|11|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Colonel Vijay notes Suman's absence from the class. But Suman is busy with Shravan. Both are busy playing a little game with one another. Meanwhile, Suman's sister is tensed about the situation at the home.
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 78
|Title = Suman's Family Members Panic
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|09|14|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Suman met with a small accident but at her house somehow, they all got to know about it and started to panic. When she returned home everyone asked her if she was fine and not hurt. On the other hand, Suman keeps on wondering that how did all of them got to know about all of this.
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 79
|Title = Shravan's Uncle Is In Trouble
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|09|15|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Shravan's uncle, Rajender has committed a nuisance again, which has made Suman's Dadu furious and he has decided to call the police and punish him. Shravan tries to convince them to not call the police and settle the issue within.
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 80
|Title = When Things Doesn't Go Well
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|09|16|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Shravan is extremely upset and misses Suman a lot. He has not eaten anything since the morning and when Bunty brings him his dinner he still doesn't eat.
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 81
|Title = Sweet Conversations
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|09|17|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Shravan and Suman have a sweet conversation on the phone. Bunty comes near Shravan and asks what he was talking over the phone.
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 82
|Title = Shravan Panics
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|09|18|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Shravan is panicking before entering Suman's house to meet her father but eventually, Shravan gathers some courage and meets him.
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 83
|Title = Shravan Will Be Going To America
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|09|21|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = It's Shravan's birthday and he is stuck at home with his family members. Suman finds out that Shravan will be going to America soon, and after listening to this she gets upset.
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 84
|Title = Kanchan Consoles Suman
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|09|22|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Kanchan tries to console Suman who is crying, Suman's mother enters in the room and tells Suman to understand the situation.
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 85
|Title = Shooting In A Nearby College
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|09|23|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Suman's father receives a piece of news regarding a shooting in a nearby college and gets surprised. He watches the news for some more information regarding the matter.
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 86
|Title = Thanking Bunty
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|09|24|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Shravan gets Suman to his place. Bunty helps Suman get comfortable and gets her food. Shravan thanks Bunty for being an understanding friend to him.
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 87
|Title = Son Of A Terrorist
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|09|25|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Shravan gets kicked out of a home and is called as son of a terrorist. When Shravan is only worried about Suman. He hears that Suman's father is killed by his father.
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 88
|Title = Shravan's Leave Gets Approved
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|09|28|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = When the cadets are talking about the bet set by Shravan. Shravan walks in with a file stating his leave and the cadet's transfer is approved.
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 89
|Title = Nostalgic Shravan
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|09|29|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Jhumri didi greets Shravan and talks about the plantation he did years back. Shravan gets happy looking at the greenery.
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 90
|Title = Shravan Meets Suman
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|09|30|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Shravan and Suman meet after a long and hard time. The two get nostalgic and miss the good old days about the times they first met.
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 91
|Title = Sharvan's Old Stories
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|10|01|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Bunty drinks with his friends and shares old stories of Shravan, as what he was like and used to do back then. Later Shravan joins and drinks along with them.
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 92
|Title = Deal Is Done
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|10|05|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Bunty helps Shravan to strike a deal for his property. Bunty wishes Shravan good luck for his physical test.
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 93
|Title = The Door Is Repaired
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|10|06|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Damru and Jumri have a short conversation about their secret marriage life. Shravan enters the room and asks Damru, "Why is he here?" He tells, Suman has sent him to repair the broken door.
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 94
|Title = Bunty Gets Overjoyed
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|10|07|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Mr. Goyal gives an advance check to Bunty for the possession of Shravan's house. Bunty tells Mr Goyal they complete the formalities soon. Jumri arrives with teacups, Bunty tells the good news to Jumri.
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 95
|Title = Kanchan Comes Home
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|10|08|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Kanchan gives a surprise to her family. She greets Suman and tells her how much she missed her.
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 96
|Title = The Gift
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|10|12|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Suman enters her room and finds Kanchan sleeping. Suman goes near Kanchan to take the gift and keep it aside, Kanchan wakes up and tells her to let it be with her. Kanchan says sorry to Suman for sleeping in her room.
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 97
|Title = Veer's Surprise To Shravan
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|10|13|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Veer tells Shravan to wait for his surprise. Veer goes inside his room. Suman appears in front of Shravan from nowhere. Veer comes with a toy in his hand and gives it to Shravan.
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 98
|Title = Shravan Gets Jealous
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|10|14|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Shravan comes out of his house and notices Suman and Vikram talking with each other. Shravan keeps staring at them and he remembers about Vikram's chat with him about a girl he likes.
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 99
|Title = Suman's Lawyer
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|10|15|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Shravan shares his past with Vikram. He learns that Vikram is Suman's lawyer. Shravan tries to leave but Vikram tells him to wait.
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 100
|Title = Suman Is Upset
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|10|16|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Suman's family is worried about the case hearing. Suman comes home and does not respond to anyone. She enters her room and looks at her father's photo and starts crying. She has lost the case.
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 101
|Title = Suman Gets Angry
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|10|19|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Shravan finds a procession approaching near his house. He finds his friends are dancing in it. Suman watches them and gets furious and goes inside her house.
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 102
|Title = Vikram's Small Birthday Party
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|10|20|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = It's Veer and Vikram's birthday, and a small party have been organized for it, Shravan and Suman both of them are present, but it's understandable that they are not happy with each other's presence.
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 103
|Title = Suman Is Shravan's Doctor
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|10|21|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Vikram all of a sudden finds out from Bunty that Suman is Sharvan's doctor and is treating him regarding his shoulder. Eventually, Vikram asks Suman that why hasn't she ever informed him about this.
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 104
|Title = Veer's Health Improves
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|10|22|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Doctor checks Veer's body temperature. His mother asks the doctor about his health. The doctor tells her, he is better now. Veer requests his mother to call Shravan to play with him.
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 105
|Title = Suman's Advice
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|10|23|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Suman and her uncle are having a conversation. Beena enters the room with some red chilies. She moves her hand around Veer's head and leaves. Suman and her uncle discuss the issue regarding the house.
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 106
|Title = Shravan's Surprise Visit
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|10|26|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Beena and Shravan enters Veer's room. Veer gets happy after seeing Shravan. Shravan asks him about his health. Beena tells Kanchan to make tea for Shravan.
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 107
|Title = Shravan In An Awkward Situation
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|10|27|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Shravan talks to Bunty over the phone and tells him that it's a good opportunity to show Suman her mistakes. Shravan walks into his room in a rush and finds a girl in a towel drying her hair, which leaves him in an awkward situation and he goes out of the room immediately.
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 108
|Title = Ground Rules For Shravan
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|10|28|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Shravan's new friend Sophie, helps him in moving to Suman's place. Suman barge into Shravan's room and finds Sophie along with him, she claims that they need to establish some ground rules that needs to be followed at all times.
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 109
|Title = Vikram Meets Sophie
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|10|29|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Shravan bumps into Vikram and Suman at the tea stall and tells them that he is here with his new friend. Eventually, Shravan introduces Sophie to Vikram, but as soon as Vikram sees her, his expression changes.
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 110
|Title = Bunty Calls Up Shravan
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|10|30|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Bunty calls Shravan to ask how are things with Vikram and what happened to their dinner plan. Shravan informs that things aren't the best at Suman's place and recently her aunty scolded Suman badly.
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 111
|Title = Sophie's Odd Demand
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|11|02|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Sophie wants to put mehendi on Shravan, and stands outside his door, waiting and trying to convince him to come out, but Shravan is determined that he won't put mehendi whatsoever. On the other, Suman is upset on Vikram for not showing up for the dinner plan.
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 112
|Title = Veer Learns How To Play Chess
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|11|03|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Veer wants to learn how to play chess and goes to Shravan for help. Shravan decides to teach him how to play chess and starts explaining how the game works.
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 113
|Title = Suman Ignores Shravan
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|11|04|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Veer makes Suman and Shravan wait for him, Shravan and Suman do not bother to talk to each other and tries to ignore. When Veer is back and asks "Where they did not speak?" Suman replies sarcastically.
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 114
|Title = Convincing Veer
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|11|05|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Guneet comes to meet Amber as she wants to talk to him. Guneet goes speechless and is not able to give the news. She struggles to tell Guneet the truth.
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 115
|Title = A Different Side Of Shravan
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|11|06|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Vikram gets excited and amazed at the same time after seeing Shravan's telescope. Shravan tells them about how he fell in love with the stars and planets and started to read about them.
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 116
|Title = When There's Nothing Much To Say
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|11|09|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Shravan has gone to see Suman for his check-up regarding his shoulder, both of them remain silent but keeps on thinking about their past encounters.
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 117
|Title = Suman Goes To The Sangeet
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|11|10|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Suman and Vikram has finally arrived at the Sangeet ceremony, there she meets Shravan's sister, Avni, and introduces her to Vikram. Later, Suman watches Shravan and Sophie dance together. Suman's mind is heart broken when Shravan says that his mission may be the last one.
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 118
|Title = Suman Misses Her Father
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|11|11|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Suman thinks about what Shravan has told her the other day and gets upsets about it. She also misses her father badly and writes down her feelings in her personal diary.
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 119
|Title = Shravan Gets A Call From His Father
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|11|12|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Shravan gets a call from his father and wonders that, what if his father asks him about where he was staying all these days, but instead his father just asks him to check his WhatsApp.
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 120
|Title = Current Situation Between Sophie And Shravan
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|11|13|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Avni very smartly and politely asks Sophie about what is the current situation between her and Shravan. Sophie claims that there is definitely something special between them, but she is not sure about how much interest does Shravan has in her.
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 121
|Title = Gifts For Everyone
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|11|16|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Suman's uncle has got gifts for everyone on the occasion of Dhanteras. After distributing the gifts to everyone, her uncle pretends to forget Suman's gift, but eventually gives away the gift which he has got for her.
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 122
|Title = Old Memories
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|11|17|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Shravan finds Suman's personal diary in her room, as he lifted the cover of the diary he saw a phrase written, which reminded him of an old memory with Suman.
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 123
|Title = Diwali Celebrations
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|11|18|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = On the occasion of Diwali, everyone is dressed up and involved in the decoration of the house. While Veer is irritating Suman, she appreciates Jiju and his looks.
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 124
|Title = Shravan Can't Get Over Suman
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|11|19|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = It's the Diwali party and there is happiness all around. But Shravan is lost in his thoughts of yesteryears. He still misses the good times spent with Suman and can’t seem to get over his emotions, related to their once inseparable bond.
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 125
|Title = The Wait
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|11|20|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Suman has been waiting to talk to Shravan regarding something for a while now, but every time she gets a chance to talk to him, somehow the situation changes and she could never say what she wants to.
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 126
|Title = Suman's Mixed Feelings About Shravan
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|11|23|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Suman writes down all of her feelings in her secret diary about Shravan. She wonders why would Shravan come back into her life all of a sudden and what does he actually want from his own life.
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 127
|Title = The Last 7 Years
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|11|24|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Avni catches Damru and Jhumri red-handed, but she gives them an offer that if they tell her everything that has happened between Suman and Shravan in the last 7 years in detail, then she will not reveal their little secret to anyone.
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 128
|Title = Suman Remembers The Good Times
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|11|25|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Suman and her friend return home bringing a packet full of Snacks for everyone. She stops by Shravan's bedroom thinking about him. She keeps a packet in the kitchen realizing that her friend didn't get snacks for Shravan which reminds Suman of her past memories.
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 129
|Title = The Case Paper
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|11|26|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Suman signs a paper regarding the cases which were going on against Shravan's father, yet feels upset about something and starts thinking about how rigid she was while filing the case earlier.
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 130
|Title = Suman Wants To Know For Sure
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|11|27|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Suman wants to talk to Shravan about their feelings for each other. As Suman still loves and feels for Shravan, but she has to know for sure that if Shravan feels the same for her or not and then only she'll be sure if she would continue her relationship with Vikram at all.
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 131
|Title = Suman Misinterprets
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|11|30|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Suman from a distance watches Shravan hugging and talking to Sophie, but she interprets it in a different sense altogether.
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 132
|Title = Suman Thinks About The Past
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|12|01|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Suman seats alone in a room and remembers her past with Shravan how they were together and had such lovely times, but then she also thinks about how things have changed.
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 133
|Title = Suman Takes Away The Case
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|12|02|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Suman Meets Vikram and tells him to take away the case which was against Shravan. Vikram gets shocked hearing this and recalls the past where Suman had told him to not take the case back at any cost.
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 134
|Title = Bunty's Suggestion
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|12|03|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Shravan confesses his love in front of his best friend Bunty. Bunty suggests him not to wait anymore and confess his love to Suman.
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 135
|Title = Vikram Proposes Suman
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|12|04|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Vikaram proposes to Suman in front of everyone and asks her to marry him. Shravan gets sad listening to it and Suman is left with no option but to accept Vikram's proposal.
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 136
|Title = Suman Helps Out Shravan
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|12|07|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Shravan thanks Suman for accepting his request regarding medical certificates. To which Suman replies that it is her duty and responsibility to look after these things and not favor him.
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 137
|Title = Suman Injured Her Leg
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|12|08|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Suman has injured her leg and the doctor has asked her to rest for at least 10 days and that if she puts any pressure on her leg then she might have to go through an operation as well.
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 138
|Title = Shravan Misses His Flight
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|12|09|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Shravan has missed his flight and has returned back to Suman's house. As he enters his room he sees Vikram there, he tells him that, he can go to a hotel and spent the night but Vikram insists him not go to a hotel and informs him about Suman's leg injury.
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 139
|Title = Guest List Preparations On
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|12|10|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = In the previous episode, as Shravan has missed his flight, there is the preparation going at Suman's place. Everyone is happy and prepares the guest list. Shravan enters the hall where everyone is present. Members of the family talk about how Shravan was the naughtiest kid amongst all.
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 140
|Title = An Intimate Moment
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|12|13|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Shravan and Suman share an intimate moment, as they were about to kiss, the Doctor and her aunt arrives to check on her as she has hurt her injured leg yet again.
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 141
|Title = Shravan Gifts Suman A Present
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|12|14|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Shravan brings a gift for Suman to congratulate for her engagement ceremony. Suman opens it and sees a beautiful memory frame which makes her recall a day when they celebrated a "happy Wednesday day". She smiles remembering it.
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 142
|Title = Vikram Arrives At The Ceremony
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|12|15|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Vikram along with his parents arrive at the ceremony, where Suman's uncle and aunt welcome them very graciously. Vikram later on asks his going-to-be sister-in-law about Suman, as he was not being able to see her.
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 143
|Title = Suman Is Still Hesitant
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|12|16|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Suman is all ready and has come downstairs where the ceremony is being held to meet and greet everyone. She is still in a dilemma and is hesitant about the whole thing with Vikram.
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 144
|Title = Suman Takes The Call
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|12|17|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = It's Suman's engagement day. As the ceremony is about to start, she cries her heart out because she realizes that she is in love with Shravan. So she tells Vikram to break off the engagement.
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 145
|Title = Shravan Becomes Emotional
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|12|18|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Shravan panics when he sees Suman's phone call, after receiving the call he gets emotional and starts blaming himself for everything and that is when Suman asks her to calm down.
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 146
|Title = Shravan Remorse About The Situation
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|12|21|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Shravan is upset about everything that happened and at the moment when he is drinking a glass of beer, he pours out all his emotions and expresses the attachment towards Suman in front of his friend.
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 147
|Title = Kancha Blames Shravan
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|12|22|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Kancha tries to convince Suman that Shravan could have done something in order to not let his family buy the Tiwari house. Suman stays silent and does not say much, later she tells Kacha that whenever she is met with such difficult situations, she wonders how would her father deal with it.
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 148
|Title = Shravan Is In Cloud Nine
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|12|23|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Shravan is extremely happy and goes on thinking about Suman. When Bunty arrives and asks him about what happened regarding the Tiwari house, he explains it to him and then continues talking about how much he loves Suman.
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 149
|Title = Suman Tricks Damru Bhaiya
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|12|24|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Suman Calls Damru bhaiya upstairs on the terrace to clear the clothes that were hung on. Damru gets trapped and clears all, Suman schemes Damru to do so that she can see Shravan through that space. Damru is baffled by Suman's changed behavior.
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 150
|Title = Shravan Hides From His Father
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|12|25|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Shravan stops to buy some flowers for Suman, that is when he notices his father's car coming towards his direction. Shravan and Suman, both of them hide behind a tree but Shravan forgets to hide his bike. His father notices the bike while driving and stops to find him.
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 151
|Title = Kanchan Is Hurt
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|12|03|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Kancha finds out about Suman and Shravan, and also that they will be marrying each other. Kancha is extremely upset as she thinks that Suman was never going to let her know about everything that's been going on between them, and blames Suman for it.
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 152
|Title = Shravan's Father Doubts Him
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|12|29|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Shravan's father suspects something fishy is going on, so he asks him to call Bunty from his mobile. Bunty seeing Shravan's call gets excited and without listening to who is on the other side he starts talking about the insurance thing which he was supposed to take care of, but Shravan's father hears everything.
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 153
|Title = Shravan's Cooking Skills
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|12|30|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = While Shravan cooks in the kitchen, his mother comes in to tease him for his cooking skill. Shravan tells his maid and everyone to not help him with anything and enjoy the food when it's ready.
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 154
|Title = Shravan's Gets Upset
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|12|31|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Shravan gets mad as his maid informs him that the food he sent to Suman had been thrown away and hence Suman couldn't eat it. This makes him worried about their relationship. So he calls Suman and yells at her.
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 155
|Title = Suman - Shravan's Little Difficulties In Love
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2021|01|01|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Suman is waiting for Shravan to come and meet but unfortunately, Shravan's dad drives him along and they couldn't meet. Shravan sees Suman through the object mirror and thinks of some ideas in his mind in order to meet her.
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 156
|Title = Suman - The Chef For Today
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2021|01|04|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Suman makes Gajar ka halwa for everyone as she wants to cook today. Damru asks for help but because it's her special recipe, she doesn't allow anyone to help her with cooking.
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 157
|Title = Suman Is Upset With Shravan
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2021|12|05|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Suman is upset with Shravan and calls him over a video call to talk to him. Shravan while answering the call is happy to talk to her but Suman is a bit upset since Shravan did not call her to inform his arrival at the camp. Shravan in return makes her happy by promising such incidents will never happen again.
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 158
|Title = Shravan Gets Ready
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2021|01|06|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Blasting sound is heard by Sharavan and his batch. Senior comes in and asks Shravan and his batch to be ready with his team to proceed towards this place, he adds that the previous search team passed the message of high risk for the same. On the other hand, Suman is waiting for Shravan's reply to the dress that she curiously wants him to check.
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 159
|Title = Wedding Day Excitement
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2021|01|07|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = As Suman packs her bag and gets ready to go as it's her wedding. A nurse comes in and informs her about Captain Sharad. Suman refers him to Dr. Dikshit to examine him.
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 160
|Title = Shravan Confirms His Father's Words
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2021|01|08|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Shravan does not appear as his father claims that he will never disobey. Further his father clears not to believe all the fake information and stop making fool of themselves in front of everyone.
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 161
|Title = Suman Recalls Sweet Memories
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2021|01|11|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Suman recalls her memories with Shravan wherein an incident she by mistake hits Shravan on and his pack of eatables is dropped.
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 162
|Title = Suman's Request To Shravan's Mom
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2021|01|12|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Suman promises to Shravan's mom that once she takes the injection she will never meet Shravan and go away from his life.
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 163
|Title = Shravan's Frustration
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2021|01|13|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = As Tiwari family is smiling over delicious dessert delicacies Shravan rings the doorbell. He looks disturbed and wants to meet Suman. He proceeds upstairs to meet her.
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 164
|Title = Suman's Happy Day
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2021|01|14|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Suman is happy and wants to tell Shravan about the approval of their marriage by her family. But as she finishes her practice there is another patient lined up urgently.
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 165
|Title = Beginnings Of Auspicious Events
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2021|01|15|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = It's time to send auspicious greetings which are to be carried by Malhotra's to the Tiwari's house. Shravan's uncle and aunt are handed the responsibility to take care of the gifts and all other packages that they are supposed to carry while Kavita makes sure there are no mistakes with the list as it's her son's Shagun.
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 166
|Title = Shravan and Suman's Badminton Practice
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2021|01|18|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Shravan helps Suman with her training for the Inter Regiment Badminton Championship . Meanwhile, Shravan's family is preparing for their son's lavish wedding .
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 167
|Title = Major Suman Tiwari
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2021|01|19|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Another cause of celebration has been added to the list, with Suman being promoted to the rank of Major. Shravan throws a grand party upon hearing this news, meanwhile awaiting his own promotion as well.
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 168
|Title = Shravan's Last Kept Secret
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2021|01|20|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = The fact that Shravan bought a house under Suman's name has finally come to light . What complications will this new problem cause between two families .
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 169
|Title = Shravan Ki Mehandi Ka Rang
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2021|01|21|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Shravan get angry at Suman when she ignores his affectionate advances. Meanwhile, Malhotras and Tiwaris celebrate the mehandi function in a grandiose manner.
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 170
|Title = Suman's Prank Backfires
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|01|22|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Kanchan and Suman play a prank on Shravan, but it doesn't seem to go down well with Shravan's mother. Will this small moment of fun, cause big problems for the two lovers?
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 171
|Title = Beena Feels Disappointed
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2021|01|25|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Suman's aunt is distributing the holy offerings between the guests and finds out that one of Shravan's relatives is drunk. She feels disappointed about the same and requests her husband to meet her aside to have a discussion over it. Kavita feels something is wrong with their actions.
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 172
|Title = Shravan - Suman's Marriage Procession
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2021|01|26|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Shravan is on his way to receive the Bride with his family. Suman on the other hand is excited and looks at the procession from her balcony while waving at Shravan. Suman's sister notices that the groom is not wearing the outfit that Suman's aunt had given and is wearing a different one and now she thinks this might be a step towards unwanted arguments.
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 173
|Title = Minor Inconvenience At The Wedding
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2021|01|27|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Shravan's Parents and Mamaji are waiting for the power cut problem to be solved. But it is taking a bit longer and Mamaji starts to criticize the arrangements. But it hardly takes any time and the electricity issue is resolved and Shravan and his friends are back to the joyful mood of the wedding.
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 174
|Title = Shravan - Suman Married
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2021|01|28|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Suman is finally the wife of Shravan and is now entering the Malhotra house with all the rituals as a daughter in law to Shravan's parents.
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 175
|Title = Shravan Encourages Suman
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2021|01|29|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Shravan motivates Suman to concentrate on the game as it is her last training session. Suman is upset with Shravan as he wouldn't be around her during her final match.
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 176
|Title = Suman Gets Greetings
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2021|02|01|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Suman gets back to work and is working as a medical practitioner at the camp. One of her fellow colleagues from the camp congratulates her for her wedding as well as promotion. He also asks about Shravan to which she replies that he is now Major Shravan. Meanwhile, one female fellow colleague comes with some information.
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 177
|Title = Suman's Uneasiness
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2021|02|02|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Suman is on a picnic as decided by Mr. Gujral earlier and everyone is enjoying it as well. But she starts feeling uneasy and decides to go home. Upon getting this news her senior questions her regarding the same and she replies with a positive answer.
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 178
|Title = Suman's Concern For Shravan's Act
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2021|02|03|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Suman wants Shravan to clear his reason for being upset when he reached home. Shravan in return tries to riddle up things but Suman plays sweet mischief as well.
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 179
|Title = Suman's Efforts To Understand Shravan
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2021|02|04|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = As they come back from a party, Suman initiates the conversation about Shravan's posting as he wants an on-field posting which did not happen. But Shravan denies to talk over it.
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 180
|Title = Shravan Expresses His Feelings To Bunty
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2021|02|05|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Shravan and Bunty meet over a cup of tea. Bunty wants Shravan to speak about everything that is bothering him. But Shravan says that he was just upset with the posting thing and nothing else. But Bunty is further not satisfied with his answer.
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 181
|Title = Suman's Plan Of Surprise Party
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2021|02|08|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Kanchan asks Suman regarding wishing her mother for her birthday. Suman denies doing so and wants to plan a surprise birthday party for her aunt while keeping it as Suman is unaware of her birthday and forgot the special date.
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 182
|Title = Shravan Is Disappointed Due To Suman's Absence
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2021|02|09|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = As planned earlier both the families are gathered for the birthday party of Beena. But the planner herself Suman is missing as she is stuck with some work at the camp. She calls Shravan and asks him to handle things and tells him the reason for not being able to arrive, but Shravan is a bit angry with her.
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 183
|Title = Shravan Asks Suman's Favour
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2021|02|10|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = As Shravan is asked to talk to Suman about a push for the posting of Shravan's senior in front of one of the top hierarchy, Suman seems to be in shock when Shravan asks to do the same from Suman.
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 184
|Title = Suman Tries To Solve Avni's Worries
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2021|02|11|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Avni is relaxing on the lawn but immersed in thoughts. Suman joins her with a pleasant cup of coffee for both whiles trying to understand what is going on with her and the reason behind her refusal for marriage, to which Avni replies that she does not want to get married yet.
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 185
|Title = Shravan Realises About His Selfish Behaviour
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2021|02|12|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Shravan and Bunty are talking over a cup of tea at the cafe. Shravan shares his reasons for looking upset and states that he used to think that he knows Suman inside out but he seems to be wrong. He also adds that Suman had her principles prioritized on top but he seems to be false with that thought as well.
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 186
|Title = Shravan May Have Some Plan For Suman
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2021|02|15|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Suman wakes up in the morning and finds that Shravan is all dressed and ready to go somewhere, but he doesn't tell her anything except just asks her to get ready quickly and come downstairs.
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 187
|Title = Shravan love Suman
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2021|02|16|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Suman wakes up in the morning and finds that Shravan is all dressed and ready to go somewhere, but he doesn't tell her anything except just asks her to get ready quickly and come downstairs.
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 188
|Title = Suman Writes Down Her Feelings
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2021|02|17|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Suman is writing the journey in her diary in which she describes that how unlucky she used to feel for all the negative things happening in her life. But after taking the vow with Shravan she feels the luckiest and she loves him the most.
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 189
|Title = Suman Chooses A Design For Carpet
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2021|02|18|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Suman is scrolling through her phone and chooses a design for the carpet of their room which is a combination of both Suman and Shravan's taste of choice. While Shravan is busy working out he takes a look on insisting by Suman and there happens a sweet argument over the same.
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 190
|Title = Suman's Support For Avani
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2021|02|19|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary =
Avani is asked for her decision regarding getting married at the dinner table. Suman supports Avani as she seems nervous regarding this and helps dodge the marriage topic and asks for some time to pursue her career. Watch the full episode while everyone supports the decision stated by Suman.
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 191
|Title = Suman Tells Shravan About Avani
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2021|02|22|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Suman and Shravan are spending their time in the room while Shravan talks about understanding Suman and supporting her. Suman also shows her support while upholds her responsibility to share everything with her husband. Hence she finally discloses Avani's truth to him.
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 192
|Title = Suman - Shravan's Sweet Arguments
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2021|02|23|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Shravan gets a boxing kit for himself and sets it up in the terrace area. Suman sees and tells him that as discussed earlier she will first get plants, and then together they'll set these things up. To which, Shravan says that he needs to work on his forearms and coordination prior. Aren't they cute?
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 193
|Title = Suman And Avani's Synergy
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2021|02|24|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Suman is just awake and gets a door-knock. Avani comes in and gives her some surprising news that Shravan has woken up earlier and is already off for jogging, while the plants that Suman has ordered are received and Avani and Jhumri di will take care of placing them.
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 194
|Title = Shravan And Avani's Mysterious Plan
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2021|02|25|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Shravan is yet not awake while Suman is all ready to go for a jog. She asks Shravan to wake up as he is also looking after his fitness recently for the competition, but he denies it as he is asleep and includes rest as a part of his fitness regime and hence Suman leaves alone. But is Shravan really asleep?
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 195
|Title = Suman At Bed Rest For A Week
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2021|02|26|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Suman met with an accident in her room previously and injured her leg. On getting it checkup up it turns out to be a muscular strain and the doctor advised her to take complete rest for a week. Suman feels sad as she has her competition lined up for the next day.
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 196
|Title = Suman Plays Despite Injury
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2021|03|01|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Suman was advised for bed rest until a week after the injury. But she denies rest and appears on the badminton court for the competition to save her regiment from any casualties. Watch as Suman struggles to even walk normally how will she play the competition?
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 197
|Title = Suman's Dedication For The Competition
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2021|03|02|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = As Suman gets injured while playing in the competition, her mom gets worried and advises her to not take any kind of health risk. Everyone gathers and converse with her for being so enthusiastic about the match and not looking after herself. Thereafter, Suman asks for her aunt and tells everyone to not notify her about her injury.
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 198
|Title = Special Greetings For Suman
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2021|03|03|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Suman performed really well at the badminton competition to which she has special congratulation wishes from her senior who personally visited her house. The senior makes Suman feel proud of her father as he says some kind words for him.
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 199
|Title = Suman's Injury Intensifies
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2021|03|04|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = The doctor checks up on Suman's health as she played the match despite the injury. Because of which the injury has taken more intense form and it might lead her to get admitted to the hospital as well. But Suman has something else running in her mind.
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 200
|Title = Shravan's Match
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2021|03|05|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Shravan's head is pissed with his behavior. Suman and their family decide to watch the match together, so they call Shravan's friend to show it via video call. On the other side, Suman plans to fast until Shravan wins.
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 201
|Title = Avani's Date With Ayaan
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2021|03|08|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Shravan and Suman discuss Avani's story to which Shravan needs some more time to approve Ayaan as Avani's partner. Meanwhile, Avani convinces Suman to get her permission for staying out for long as she has a date planned with Ayaan. But while leaving Avani is stopped by Shravan as he wants to drop her himself. What will happen next?
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 202
|Title = Shravan's Anger Over Avani
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2021|03|09|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Shravan and Suman sort things out between them and assure each other to be back to normal and eventually decide to meet at home. But Shravan gets to know something about Avani from his fellow officer at the camp and rushes home and asks Avani and Ayaan along with Suman to meet him at his room as he looks furious. Meanwhile, Kanchan looks insecure with Bunty.
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 203
|Title = Will Shravan Disapprove Ayaan?
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2021|03|10|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Shravan hears the conversation between Avani and Ayaan which makes him furious and Shravan out of anger slaps Ayaan. This makes Ayaan feel insulted and leave. Avani seems disappointed by this act because it was her decision to keep things hidden and not Ayaan's. Meanwhile, Kanchan's parents are heading out as Kanchan has helped with the cab booking.
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 204
|Title = Shravan's Apology
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2021|03|11|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Suman is upset with Shravan's unsupportive behavior towards Avani's love story. Shravan Apologizes to her for getting angry with her. Suman makes him understand to stand by his sister and not against her. Shravan goes to Avani to make her understand that how Aayan isn't right for her and how he couldn't take a stand when he had to. But Avani doesn't listen to him and instead gets mad at him. What will Shravan do now?
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 205
|Title = It's A Yes For Avani - Ayaan
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2021|03|12|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Ayaan comes to Avani's house and expresses his feelings for her in front her everyone. Seeing Ayaan taking a stand for their love makes Shravan happy. Everyone is happy about it. Avani goes to Suman and thanks her for being such supportive. Shravan then, apologies to Suman for behaving wrongly towards her. But Suman refuse to accept his apology. Will Suman forgive him?
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 206
|Title = Kanchan's Special Preparations
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2021|03|15|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = It's Bunty's birthday party and Shravan has planned a surprise party for him. On the other hand, Kanchan is preparing for something really special for Bunty but she portrays that she is unaware of his birthday and Bunty feels bad over the same. Now Kanchan again calls Bunty and cancels the plan of meeting as well.
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 207
|Title = Shravan And Bunty's Friendship
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2021|03|16|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Shravan has pranked on Bunty as he enacted like he is not aware of his birthday. And Bunty is invited by Kanchan to her place for his surprise birthday gift. But everything gets a bit messed and eventually the special moment of Kanchan and Bunty has been delayed as Shravan calls Bunty to his grand party that he has organized for Bunty's birthday.
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 208
|Title = It's Bunty's Birthday
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2021|03|17|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = On this special day, Kanchan and Bunty express their feelings for each other. As they confess, Suman and Shravan overhear them. Shravan supports Bunty while Suman falls into confusion regarding Kanchan's choice.
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 209
|Title = Avani And Ayaan Together Forever
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2021|03|18|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Ayaan and his parents visit Shravan's house to finally discuss and finalize the dates for further proceedings of Avani and Ayaan's Marriage. Suman and Shravan are still not able to keep things normal as Kanchan and Bunty's relation is bothering Suman. Meanwhile, Bunty and Kanchan decide over something important.
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 210
|Title = Bunty - Kanchan's Love
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2021|03|19|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Suman and Shravan converse with their family about Bunty and Kanchan's relationship. Avani talks about the differences between them but Suman and Shravan explain to her that love doesn't see any differences. Here, on the other side, Bunty and Kanchan express their love for each other. watch the full episode now.
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 211
|Title = Rift in Suman and Shravan's Relationship
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2021|03|22|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Kanchan's parents are not convinced about her and Bunty's marriage. This causes a major rift in Suman and Shravan's relationship. Meanwhile, Kanchan tries her best to convince her mother.
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 212
|Title = Shravan Misses Suman
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2021|03|23|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Shravan and Suman's Equations fall down as they face certain issues. Suman stayed at her place all night which creates misunderstandings in Shravan's mind so he messages Suman in anger. Later he gets to know that she was busy with her some kinds of stuff and she had informed Shravan about it. What will happen when Suman checks his messages?
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 213
|Title = Shravan Trust
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2021|03|24|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Shravan and Suman seem to grow apart, but they still miss each other. Suman has shifted back to her house and doesn't feel like going back to Shravan's house. Will Shravan be able to bring Suman back into his life?
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 214
|Title = The Change Behavior Between The Two
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2021|03|25|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Suman notices the change in herself as she writes down a letter. She misses Shravan and their most beautiful memories. Kanchan enters the room and asks Suman the truth behind her changed behavior. But she refuses to answer. On the hand other, Bunty makes Shravan understand and they both try to resolve the issues. what will happen?
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 215
|Title = Shravan Guilt
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2021|03|26|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Shravan and Suman think about how the differences between them are constantly growing. Shravan has taken a holiday from duty in order to help with Avani's wedding arrangements.
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 216
|Title = Suman Is Back
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2021|03|29|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Suman is back in the house to help with Avani's wedding preparations. However, she still feels uncomfortable, standing in the room as Shravan. Meanwhile, Bunty calls Kanchan for an emergency meeting.
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 217
|Title = Kanchan Is Upset
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2021|03|30|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = While everyone is planning Avani's wedding functions, they tell Shravan to call Suman and book for a wedding decorator. Suman gets worried as she hears Shravan's throat ache noise. Shravan feels bliss when he sees Suman caring for him. And, their conversation turns back to normal. Thereafter, when she gets to know that Shravan has been calling for work-related, her mood gets spoil. The next morning, Kanchana gets upset about Bunty, to which Suman finds a solution for it.
|LineColor = A61270
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 218
|Title = Suman - Shravan Are Back
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2021|03|31|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = The differences between them are cleared, the issues have been resolved. There begins a beautiful morning where Suman and Shravan are back together to be never apart again. On the other hand, there is a school reunion party for which they're excited.
|LineColor = A61270
}}
}}

==Soundtrack==
{{track listing
| title1 = Ek Duje Ke Vaaste Title Song 1
| length1 = 1:59
| title2 = Ek Duje Ke Vaaste Title Song 2
| length2 = 1:35
}}

==Production==
===Development and casting===
When discussing the creation of a new version of ''Ek Duje Ke Vaaste'', producer Dilip Jha said, "The response that we had received for ''Ek Duje Ke Vaaste'' was extremely overwhelming. The audience reception made us bring back season 2 of [[Ek Duje Ke Vaaste|the show]]. But, it's with a different cast and a completely new twist in the story. The entire show will be shot in Bhopal, for which we have received great support from Madhya Pradesh Tourism."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/ek-duje-ke-vaaste-all-set-to-be-back-with-season-2/1687964|title=''Ek Duje Ke Vaaste'' all set to be back with season 2|website=[[Outlook India]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/the-cast-of-ek-duje-ke-vaaste-2-are-enjoying-the-citys-jalebis-and-pleasant-weather-as-they-shoot-in-bhopal/articleshow/74411894.cms|title=The cast of Ek Duje Ke Vaaste 2 are enjoying the city's jalebis and pleasant weather, as they shoot in Bhopal|website=The Times of India}}</ref>

===Filming and airing===
The production and airing of the show was halted indefinitely in late March 2020 due to the COVID-19 outbreak in India.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Upadhyay|first=Karishma|date=2020-05-12|title=Television Industry in a Slump With the Lockdown|url=https://www.thequint.com/entertainment/tv/television-industry-experiencing-slowdown-with-the-lockdown|access-date=2021-02-04|website=TheQuint|language=en}}</ref> Because of the outbreak, the filming of television series and films was halted in late March 2020 and expected to resume on 1 April 2020 but could not and the series was last broadcast on 31 March 2020 when the remaining episodes were aired.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=15 March 2020|title=Coronavirus outbreak: Film and television shootings to stop till March 31|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/reality-tv/story/coronavirus-outbreak-film-and-television-shootings-to-stop-till-march-31-1655773-2020-03-15|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2021-02-04|website=India Today|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Jha|first=Lata|date=2020-03-23|title=COVID-19 impact: TV industry braces for loss as production stalled|url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/covid-19-impact-tv-industry-braces-for-loss-as-production-stalled-11584938268645.html|access-date=2021-02-04|website=mint|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=Entertainment industry welcomes Maharashtra govt's move to resume filming projects|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/entertainment-industry-welcomes-maharashtra-govts-move-to-resume-filming-projects/1851923|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2021-02-04|website=Outlook India}}</ref> After three months, the production and filming of the series resumed in June 2020 and airing to resume from 20 July 2020.<ref>{{Cite news|title='Ek Duje Ke Vaaste 2' to commence shooting with few changes - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/ek-duje-ke-vaaste-2-to-commence-shooting-with-few-changes/articleshow/76642657.cms|access-date=2021-02-04|website=The Times of India|language=en|last1=Doshi |first1=Hasti }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=2020-07-20|title=Ek Duje Ke Vaaste 2 {{!}} New Episodes From Tonight {{!}} Mon - Fri, At 10:30 PM|url=https://youtube.com/watch?v=tYaHM8Veq0s|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2021-02-04|website=|publisher=SET India|via=YouTube}}</ref>

The series started streaming exclusively on [[SonyLIV]] from 28 September 2020 to make way for ''[[Kaun Banega Crorepati|Kaun Banega Crorepati 12]]'' on [[Sony Entertainment Television]].<ref name=":1" />

==Reception==
Telly Updates described the show as "promising", giving it 3 out of 5 stars.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tellyupdates.com/ek-duje-ke-vaaste-2-review-decent-concept-fair-portrayals-promising-show/|title=Ek Duje Ke Vaaste 2 Review: Decent concept, fair portrayals, promising show|date=18 February 2020}}</ref>

Mid-day.com also praised the show and listed five reasons to watch it.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.mid-day.com/articles/ek-duje-ke-vaaste-2-five-reasons-this-show-cannot-be-missed/22582181|title=Ek Duje Ke Vaaste- 2: Five reasons this show cannot be missed!|date=10 February 2020}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|tt11820524}}
* [https://www.sonyliv.com/shows/ek-duje-ke-vaaste-1700000096 Ek Duje Ke Vaaste – Season 1 and 2] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220924055103/https://www.sonyliv.com/shows/ek-duje-ke-vaaste-1700000096 |date=24 September 2022 }} on [[SonyLIV]]
* [https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzufeTFnhupxcGDITldZSPfFNy-oMs3oz Ek Duje Ke Vaaste 2 Full Episodes Playlist] on [[YouTube]]

[[Category:Hindi-language television shows]]
[[Category:Sony Entertainment Television original programming]]
[[Category:Sequel television series]]
[[Category:2020s Indian television series]]
[[Category:2020 Indian television series debuts]]

Gangtokey Gondogol

2026-01-15T05:30:09Z

Ferdinand78P: further rework formatting based on references and fixed typos based on references

{{Short description|Feluda series short novel written by Satyajit Roy}}
{{more citations needed|date=January 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2019}}
{{infobox book | 
| name = Gangtokey Gondogol
| title_orig = Gangtokey Gondogol
| image = File:Gangtokey_Gondogol_book_cover.jpg
| caption = Gangtokey Gondogol book cover.
| author = [[Satyajit Ray]]
| cover_artist = [[Satyajit Ray]]
| country = India
| language = [[Bengali language|Bengali]]
| genre = [[Detective fiction]]
| published = 1971 ([[Ananda Publishers]])
| media_type = Print
| pages =
| isbn =
| preceded_by = [[Sheyal Debota Rahasya]]
| followed_by = [[Sonar Kella]]
}}
'''''Gangtokey Gondogol''' (Trouble in Gangtok)'' is a short novel by [[Satyajit Ray]] featuring the private detective [[Feluda]]. This story was first published in the [[Desh magazine]] in 1970 and then published in book form in 1971 by [[ABP Group|Ananda Publishers]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=My first book on Sikkim: Gangtokey Gondogol |url=https://sikkimexpress.com/my-first-book-on-sikkim-gangtokey-gondogol |access-date=2024-07-18 |website=Sikkimexpress |language=en}}</ref>

==Plot==
[[Feluda]] and [[Topshe]] travel to [[Gangtok]] for their summer [[holidays]] at the start of the [[Bengalis|Bengali]] [[new year]]. While [[eating]] breakfast at the [[Bagdogra Airport]], they meet a man named Sasadhar Bose, who works for a chemical firm dealing with aromatic [[perfumes]]. He tells that he had attended a nephew's wedding in [[Ghatshila]] and had come to visit Sikkim. While stopping at a place called Teesta Bazaar, the duo learn of an [[accident]] which occurred on the North [[Sikkim]] Highway; a [[taxi]] had fallen off a cliff, after being hit by a huge [[boulder]], with the driver managing to escape, unhurt. Feluda and Topshe are staying at Hotel Snow View while Bose is staying at the [[dak bungalow]].

In the evening, Bose comes to Feluda's hotel and informs him that the man who fell down the cliff in the accident, was his partner Shivkumar Shelvankar, who was also the owner of the company. Bose leaves the hotel to find a flight to [[Mumbai|Bombay]] the next day. Feluda meets another [[Bengalis|Bengali]] in the hotel, Nishikanto Sarkar. He reveals that he had a statue of a Tibetan God named [[Yamantaka|Yamantak]], which had nine heads and 34 hands. He says that he had sold the statue to Shelvankar for [[₹]]1,000. While walking on the road, they meet a German [[hippie]], Helmut Ungar, who tells them more about Shelvankar. He tells them that he had a son, whom he loved, but the son ran away from his father. Helmut tells Feluda that on the day of the accident, Shelvankar and he had decided to travel to a [[Gompa|gumpa]] on the way to Singik. But Helmut had changed his mind and left early to take some photographs. He reveals to Feluda that Shelvankar used to keep the statue with him in his breast pocket as he considered it to be a lucky charm. But after the accident, the statue is nowhere to be found. Helmut also tells that the reason of this superstition is because of the advice of a certain Dr. Vaidya.

Later in the evening, Feluda and Topshe go to the [[Tibet]]an Institute to learn more of the statue. Feluda asks the driver of the taxi he is travelling in, to come in the morning the next day because he wants to see the scene of the accident. They reach the Tibetan Institute, where the curator declares that the Yamantak which Shelvankar had would actually cost a little more than [[Indian rupee|₹]]10,000. He also informs them that another person other than Shelvankar and Feluda came to inquire about the statue but couldn't remember exactly who it was. Feluda returns to the hotel to find Bose waiting for him. Bose tells Feluda that tomorrow he will be leaving for Bombay. Later Nishikanto tells Feluda that there is a lama dance the next day at [[Rumtek Monastery|Rumtek]] and they decide to go and see it in the afternoon.

Next day, Nishikanto tells Feluda that someone threw a threat note in his room. The paper consisted of a Tibetan word, which simply meant death. Later Feluda and Topshe travel to the accident site, where Feluda finds a white button. He also reveals that someone had tried to make the boulder fall by using a strong rod and that this accident is actually a well-planned murder. Feluda sends a telegram to Bose asking him to return to Gangtok. Nishikanto, Helmut, Feluda and Topshe travel to Rumtek for seeing the lama dance later that day. Feluda learns, through a telegram, that Shelvankar's estranged son is present in a Sikkim monastery and a detective agency has found him. Then, Feluda hears someone shouting. He and Topshe come to the source of the sound and find Nishikanto being pushed down the cliff. They rescue him and return to Gangtok. On the way back they make a stop at the dak bungalow, where Helmut is staying. There they meet a strange looking man, introduced by Helmut as Dr. Vaidya.

Dr. Vaidya, who specializes in talking to souls of the departed, tells all of them (through Shelvankar's spirit) that he was murdered and Virendra is responsible for it. Helmut tells that Virendra is Shelvankar's only son. Dr. Vaidya tells Feluda that tomorrow he will be traveling to [[Pemayangtse Monastery|Pemayangtse]]. Next morning, Topshe finds a small note near Feluda's ashtray. The note consisted of the same Tibetan word, meaning death. Feluda tells Topshe that today he will conduct an experiment on the North Sikkim Highway. After conducting the experiment, Feluda concludes that the murder was done by first hitting Shelvankar with a rod and then throwing the vehicle down the cliff. Then, a boulder was thrown to make it look like an accident. The driver was bribed. While Feluda was telling this, a boulder comes crashing down. Topshe saves Feluda from being crushed to death.

In the evening, Helmut comes to Feluda's room and shows him two photographs taken during the crime. It shows a man wearing red clothes standing on top of the mountain and seeing the car falling down. When Feluda says whether the red-clothes man is Virendra, Helmut tells that it is impossible and reveals himself to be Virendra. He tells Feluda and Topshe that he did not like his father marrying twice and thus ran away from home, after which his father approached the detective agency to find him. Then Helmut/Virendra came to Sikkim. Helmut/Virendra tells Feluda that he suspects Dr. Vaidya of being the murderer. They decide to travel to Pemayangtse to apprehend Dr. Vaidya. They pull in Nishikanto also. Next day, while travelling to Pemayangtse, Bose also follows them and requests them to take him also. They reach there in the evening. There they find that Dr. Vaidya is not there but he had left his stick in the dak bungalow.

Feluda then announces that Sasadhar Bose is the killer. He killed Shelvankar to take over the ownership of the company. When Bose said that he had gone to attend his nephew's wedding during the murder, Feluda reminds him that in the [[Bengali calendar]] no wedding is held during the last month,i.e., [[Choitro]] since it is an inauspicious month and that they had come together to Sikkim during the starting of the month of [[Boishakh|Baishakh]], the first month of the Bengali calendar. Feluda tells that that Bose and Dr. Vaidya are the same person. Dr. Vaidya told Shelvankar of his own life and impressed him. While going to the gumpa, Dr. Vaidya and Shelvankar travelled in the same car. Then Dr. Vaidya/Bose hit Shelvankar with a rod and murdered him. Then he came back to [[Kolkata]]. Then as Sasadhar Bose, he travelled in the same plane with Feluda. Dr. Vaidya tried to pin the blame on Virendra, without knowing that Helmut was actually Virendra. When he saw that Feluda was conducting an investigation, he tried to kill Feluda, as well. Feluda also announces that Nishikanto wanted to steal the statue of Yamantak from Shelvankar as he didn't know the true value of the statue before selling it and later came to know about it through the Tibetan Institute. He then went to the site after the murder to find the statue, only for Bose to see him and start harassing him. Bose tries to flee but trips and gets pinned down by [[leeches]]. Feluda finds the statue in Bose's belongings. Bose is arrested and Feluda's investigation comes to an end.<ref name=":0" />

==Characters==
* Prodosh Chandra Mitter a.k.a. Feluda, a private investigator.
* Tapesh Ranjan Mitter a.k.a. Topshe, Feluda's young cousin/assistant.
* Sasadhar Bose/Dr. Vaidya, the criminal.
* Nishikanto Sarkar.
* Helmut Ungar/Virendra Shelvankar, Shivkumar's only son, a [[photographer]].
* Shivkumar Shelvankar, the owner of an aromatic [[perfume]] company and Sasadhar's partner.
* The [[curator]] of the Tibetan Institute.

==Adaptation==
Director [[Sandip Ray]] revealed, the sequel to ''[[Badshahi Angti (film)|Badshahi Angti]]'' will be based on ''Gangtokey Gondogol''.<ref>{{cite news|title=Gangtok-e Gondogol next Feluda film?|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/Gangtok-e-Gondogol-next-Feluda-film/articleshow/45411627.cms|accessdate=13 December 2014|newspaper=The times of India}}</ref> But the plan was shelved.

This story was adapted by Sunday Suspense, a [[Bengali language|Bengali]] radio programme, where [[Sabyasachi Chakraborty]] played the role of [[Feluda]], while [[Topshe]] was played by RJ Deep. Various other roles were played by RJ [[Mir Afsar Ali|Mir]], RJ Pushpal and other artists.

The story has been adapted into a Zee5 OTT web series named “Shabash Feluda” , released in May 2023, where [[Parambrata Chatterjee]] plays [[Feluda]] and Ritabrata Mukherjee plays as [[Topshe]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=SNS |date=2022-09-01 |title=Feluda returns to web with Arindam Sil's Gangtoke Gondogol |url=https://www.thestatesman.com/entertainment/bengali_cinema/feluda-gangtoke-gondogol-1503106546.html |access-date=2024-07-18 |website=The Statesman |language=en}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Feluda}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Feluda (novel series)]]
[[Category:Novels by Satyajit Ray]]
[[Category:Novels set in India]]
[[Category:1971 Indian novels]]

Sanah Moidutty

2026-01-08T00:46:12Z

Ferdinand78P: Put up a details added tags!

{{short description|Indian singer songwriter (born 1991)}}
{{Indian patronymic|Sanah|Moidutty}}
{{BLP sources|date=April 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2020}}
{{Infobox musical artist
| name = Sanah Moidutty
| image = SANAH Live In Concert.png
| caption = Moidutty live in concert
| image_size =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|YYYY|MM|DD}}
| birth_place = [[Mumbai]], [[Maharashtra]], [[India]]
| genre = Film, Indi Pop, Carnatic, Hindustani, Western
| occupation = Singer
| instrument = Piano
| years_active = 2000–present
}}
[[File:Sanah Moidutty Official Logo.jpg|thumb|88x88px|Official Logo]]
'''Sanah Moidutty''' is an Indian singer songwriter. She has been trained in [[Carnatic music|Carnatic]] and [[Hindustani classical music|Hindustani classical]] music as well as western vocals, and performs [[Classical Indian music|Indian classical]] and [[Indian pop|Indi-pop music]].

== Early life ==
{{BLP sources|section|date=October 2025}}
Sanah was born in Mumbai in a Malayali family from [[Kerala]].{{cn|date=October 2025}} Her talent was identified by her mother who encouraged her to learn music.<ref>{{cite news|last1=M|first1=Athira|title=Sing on Sanah|url=http://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/music/singer-sanah-moidutty-is-on-a-roll/article18390130.ece|access-date=5 May 2017|work=The Hindu|date=5 May 2017}}</ref> She has been trained in Carnatic classical music for 6 years under Sundari Gopalakrishnan{{cn|date=October 2025}}, Hindustani classical music for 7 years under Madhuvanti Pethe{{cn|date=October 2025}}, and Western vocals from [[Samantha Edwards (singer)|Samantha Edwards]]{{cn|date=October 2025}}. Sanah was also briefly trained under [[Ghulam Mustafa Khan (singer)|Ustad Ghulam Mustafa Khan]] sahab.<ref name=":0">{{cite news|last1=Ghosh|first1=Ananya|title=Sanah Moidutty: The classically trained #coverstars|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/brunch/sanah-moidutty-the-classically-trained-coverstars/story-cWemTzZGCW44dojla8sUgK.html|access-date=6 September 2017|issue=HT Brunch|publisher=Hindustan Times|date=6 September 2017}}</ref> She stood to be the 1st runner up in the [[Hindustan Times]] "Voice of Mumbai" in 2007.{{cn|date=October 2025}}

==Career==
[[File:Sanah Moidutty at Star of Asia Almati.jpg|thumb|222x222px|Sanah Moidutty at Star of Asia Almati]]
In 2012, Sanah decided to start her YouTube channel. She uploaded the first video of her rendition of the song Manmarziyan in 2013.{{cn|date=October 2025}} This was followed by O Rangrezz from Bhaag Milkha Bhaag. Shankar–Ehsaan-Loy, the author of the original, liked Sanah's version, as did AR Rahman.{{cn|date=October 2025}} Subsequently, Sanah sang three songs for AR Rahman in the following year.{{citation needed|date=April 2025}}

Sanah has rendered her voice in Hindi films like ''[[Always Kabhi Kabhi]]'', ''[[Gori Tere Pyaar Mein]]'', ''[[The Attacks of 26/11]]'', ''[[24 (2016 film)|24]]'', ''[[Mohenjo Daro (film)|Mohenjo Daro]]''.<ref>{{cite news|title=Meeting AR Rahman was a dream: Sanah Moidutty|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/bollywood/160716/meeting-ar-rahman-was-a-dream-sanah-moidutty.html|access-date=16 July 2016|issue=Entertainment, Music|publisher=Deccan Chronicle|date=16 July 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Madhavan|first1=Anusree|title=Meet Sanah Moidutty, the Malayalee voice in Mohenjo Daro|url=http://english.mathrubhumi.com/features/specials/meet-sanah-moidutty-the-malayalee-voice-in-mohenjo-daro-english-news-1.1199978|access-date=13 July 2016|agency=Mathrubhumi Printing and Publishing Company Limited|issue=Specials|publisher=Matrabhumi|date=13 July 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Team|first1=RnM|title=I fell in love with music because of AR Rahman: Sanah Moidutty|url=http://www.radioandmusic.com/entertainment/editorial/news/171205-i-fell-love-music-because-ar-rahman-sanah|access-date=5 December 2017|publisher=Radio & Music|date=5 December 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Yours sincerely, Sanah Moidutty|url=https://mad-garage.com/yours-sincerely-sanah-moidutty/|access-date=2 April 2017|agency=Mad Garage|publisher=Mad Garage|date=2 April 2017}}</ref> In 2017, ''Hindustan Times'' reported that her popularity in the film industry and on YouTube has been on the rise.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/brunch/meet-the-social-media-sensations-who-are-reinventing-bollywood-classics-coverstars/story-AcEk7j7G4IXcUglgs5K6pK.html|title=Meet the social media sensations who are reinventing Bollywood classics #coverstars|last=Ghosh|first=Ananya|date=3 September 2017|work=Hindustan Times|access-date=15 September 2017}}</ref>

She has also sung in advertisements, working for the deodorant brands Cinthol and Eva. An episode of the musical TV show ''Sound Trek'' features Sanah with [[Achint Thakkar]] on ''[[Fox Life]]'' where they recreate the 70's Bollywood song "Kitna Pyara Vada". In 2016 Sanah was also commissioned to create a cover of "[[Counting Stars]]" for the Bombay Festival.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Madhukalya|first1=Anwesha|title=10 Indian Origin Singers On YouTube Who'll Make You Listen To Them On Loop|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.in/2016/08/10/10-indian-origin-singers-on-youtube_a_21448730/|website=www.huffingtonpost.in|date=10 August 2016 |publisher=Huffington Post|access-date=11 August 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Soman|first1=Deepa|title=I always felt a connect with old Malayalam songs: Sanah Moidutty|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/music/i-always-felt-a-connect-with-old-malayalam-songs-sanah-moidutty/articleshow/61269639.cms|access-date=28 October 2017|issue=Entertainment|publisher=Times of India|date=28 October 2017}}</ref> She has done solo live shows, as well as shows with [[Vishal–Shekhar]], [[Sanam (band)|Band SANAM]],<ref>{{cite news|last1=Features|first1=Express|title=Drenched in the Monsoon Music Mania|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/chennai/Drenched-in-the-Monsoon-Music-Mania/2014/11/17/article2526320.ece|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141118061351/http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/chennai/Drenched-in-the-Monsoon-Music-Mania/2014/11/17/article2526320.ece|url-status=dead|archive-date=18 November 2014|access-date=17 November 2014|agency=Express Publications (Madurai) Limited|issue=Chennai|publisher=New Indian Express|date=17 November 2014}}</ref> [[Keerthi Sagathia]] and [[Ash King]].{{citation needed|date=April 2025}} She can sing in English, Hindi, Marathi, Tamil, Malayalam, Telugu, Bengali, Punjabi, Gujarati and Kannada. As a part of Jammin, a digital music collaboration, Sanah has done a collaboration called "Ishq Abhi Bhi" with Bollywood composer [[Clinton Cerejo]], and a collaboration called "Yaara" composed by [[A R Rahman]].{{citation needed|date=April 2025}}

In 2017, Sanah Moidutty performed in [[Almaty]], Kazakhstan, at a two-day "Star of Asia" international festival that had the best, voices, sounds and rhythms from the Asian region.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Spindler|first1=Wolfgang|title=Star of Asia Festival shines a light on regional music|url=http://www.euronews.com/2017/08/28/star-of-asia-festival-shines-a-light-on-regional-music|access-date=28 August 2017|publisher=Euro News|date=28 August 2017}}</ref> She has been learning Hindustani classical with Sunil Borgaonkar Ji. In November 2017, she was awarded "Best Singing Sensation" for the year 2017 at the Asia Vision Movie Awards 2017 for the song Afeemi from ''[[Meri Pyaari Bindu]]''.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Vijayakar|first1=R.M.|title=Meri Pyaari Bindu' Music Review: Clever Lyrics, Unusual Voices and Retro Tenors Make Melodious Tracks|url=http://www.indiawest.com/entertainment/bollywood/meri-pyaari-bindu-music-review-clever-lyrics-unusual-voices-and/article_7011cc3c-362e-11e7-8176-cb1c0c67d714.html|website=www.indiawest.com|publisher=India West|access-date=11 May 2017|archive-date=25 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180525102013/http://www.indiawest.com/entertainment/bollywood/meri-pyaari-bindu-music-review-clever-lyrics-unusual-voices-and/article_7011cc3c-362e-11e7-8176-cb1c0c67d714.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>

== Discography ==
=== Films ===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year !! Song(s) !! Album !! Composer(s) !! Co-singers
|-
| 2011 ||[[Always Kabhi Kabhi]]- Title Track ||''[[Always Kabhi Kabhi]]''|| Shree D and Ashish Rego || Bhavin Dhanak
|-
| rowspan="2" |2013 || Moto Ghotalo ||''[[Gori Tere Pyaar Mein]]''||[[Vishal–Shekhar]]||[[Sukhwinder Singh]]
|-
| Raghupati Raghav ||[[The Attacks of 26/11|''Attacks of 26/11'']]|| Vishal R. Khosla || —
|-
| rowspan="4" | 2016 || Mei Nigara (Tamil)<ref>{{cite news|title=Mei Nigara|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/mei-nigara/article8562143.ece|access-date=6 May 2016|agency=The Hindu|issue=Friday Review|work=The Hindu|date=6 May 2016}}</ref>||[[24 (2016 film)|''24'']]
|rowspan=4|[[A R Rahman]]||[[Sid Sriram]], [[Jonita Gandhi]]
|-
| [[Tu Hai]]<ref>{{cite news|last1=Srinivasan|first1=Karthik|title=Tu hai |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/tu-hai/article8912946.ece|access-date=29 July 2016|agency=The Hindu|issue=Friday Review|work=The Hindu|date=29 July 2016}}</ref>
|rowspan=3|[[Mohenjo Daro (film)|''Mohenjo Daro'']]
|rowspan=2|A R Rahman
|-
| Sindhu Ma
|-
| Mohenjo Mohenjo
|[[Arijit Singh]], [[Bela Shende]], A R Rahman
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2017 || Afeemi ||''[[Meri Pyaari Bindu]]''||[[Sachin–Jigar]]||[[Jigar Saraiya]]
|-
| Abhaal || ''Rangeela Rayabaa''||Nishaad Golambre
|—
|-
| rowspan="2" |2019
|Matvaare<ref>{{cite news |last1=Team |first1=RnM |title=Good song can carry itself irrespective of the movie plot: Sanah Moidutty |url=http://www.radioandmusic.com/entertainment/editorial/news/190605-good-song-can-carry-itself-irrespective-the |access-date=11 June 2019 |agency=Radio & Music |date=5 June 2019}}</ref>
|''[[India's Most Wanted (film)|India's Most Wanted]]''
|[[Amit Trivedi]]
|[[Jubin Nautiyal]]
|-
|Kannale Kannale
|''[[Market Raja MBBS]]''
|[[Simon K. King|Simon K King]]
|Yazin Nizar
|-
| rowspan="3" |2020
|Athira Raavil<ref>{{cite news |last1=J S |first1=Harikumar|title=Singer Sanah Moidutty makes her début in Malayalam with the song 'Athira Raavil |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/music/singer-sanah-moidutty-makes-her-dbut-in-malayalam-with-the-song-athira-raavil/article32078511.ece |access-date=30 Jul 2020 |agency= The Hindu |date=14 July 2020}}</ref>
|''[[Anandakalyanam]]''
|[[Rajesh Babu K]]
|[[K. S. Harisankar]]
|-
|Eadaninmadhu<ref>{{cite news |last1=.COM |first1= TIMESOFINDIA | title=Watch: Sanah Moidutty's refreshing voice adds to the 'Eadanin Madhu' song |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/watch-sanah-moiduttys-refreshing-voice-adds-to-the-eadanin-madhu-song/articleshow/77820711.cms |access-date=30 Aug 2020 |agency= TIMES OF INDIA |date=29 August 2020}}</ref>
|''[[Varayan]]''
|[[Prakash Alex]]
|—
|-
|Oru Arai Unathu<ref>{{cite news |last1=Desk |first1= Filmibeat | title= Oru Arai Unathu song from Madhavan-Shraddha Srinath's Maara is Out |url=https://www.filmibeat.com/tamil/news/2021/oru-arai-unathu-song-from-madhavan-shraddha-srinath-s-maara-is-out-308223.html |access-date=5 Jan 2021 |agency= Filmibeat desk |date=4 January 2021}}</ref>
|''[[Maara]]''
|[[Ghibran]]
|[[Yazin Nizar]]
|-
|2021
|Hayakki Baby<ref>{{cite news |last1=.com |first1= Times of India | title= First single Hayakki Baby from Sibraj's Kabadadaari |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/music/first-single-hayakki-baby-from-sibrajs-kabadadaari/articleshow/79684792.cms |access-date=12 Dec 2020 |agency= Entertainment times |date=11 December 2020}}</ref>
|''[[Kapatadhaari]]''
|[[Simon K King]]
|—
|-
| rowspan="3" |2022
|Oohicha Ledhu Kadhe
|[[Highway (2022 film)|''Highway'']]
|[[Simon K King]]
|[[Yazin Nizar]]
|-
|Chol
|[[Ponniyin Selvan: I|''PS-1 (Malayalam)'']]
|[[A R Rahman]]
|—
|-
|Shvaas Kasa Ha - Reprise
|[[Dhondi Champya - Ek Prem Katha|Dhondi Champya]]
|[[Saurabh Shetye]] and [[Durgesh Khot]]
|[[Saurabh Shetye]]
|}

=== Independent Singles ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Song(s)
!Album
!Composer(s)
|-
|2013
|Manmarziyan (Rendition)
|''[[Lootera]]''
|[[Amit Trivedi]]
|-
|2013
|O Rangrez (Rendition)<ref name=":02">{{cite news|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/brunch/sanah-moidutty-the-classically-trained-coverstars/story-cWemTzZGCW44dojla8sUgK.html|title=Sanah Moidutty: The classically trained #coverstars|last1=Ghosh|first1=Ananya|date=6 September 2017|access-date=6 September 2017|publisher=Hindustan Times|issue=HT Brunch}}</ref>
|''[[Bhaag Milkha Bhaag]]''
|[[Shankar–Ehsaan–Loy|Shankar Ehsan Loy]]
|-
|2014
|Zehnaseeb (Rendition)
|''[[Hasee Toh Phasee]]''
|[[Vishal–Shekhar]]
|-
|2015
|Tere Mere Milan Ki yeh Raina (Rendition)
|[[Abhimaan (1973 film)|''Abhimaan'']]
|[[S. D. Burman|S D Burman]]
|-
|2015
|Photograph (Rendition)
| —
|Ed Sheeran
|-
|2016
|Nindiya (Rendition)
|[[Sarbjit (film)|''Sarabjit'']]
|Shashi Suman
|-
|2016
|Dil hai ki maanta nahi (Rendition)<ref name=":02" />
|[[Dil Hai Ke Manta Nahin|''Dil hai ki maanta nahi'']]
|Nadeem-Shravan
|-
|2016
|Kehna Hi Kya (Rendition)<ref name=":02" />
|[[Bombay (1995 film)|''Bombay'']]
|[[A. R. Rahman|A R Rahman]]
|-
|2016
|Chandni Raatein (Rendition)
|[[Dupatta (film)|''Dupatta'']]
|Firoz Nizami
|-
|2017
|Ena Sona (Rendition)
|''OK Jaanu''
|[[A. R. Rahman|A R Rahman]]
|-
|2017
|Jia Jale (Rendition)<ref name=":02" />
|[[Dil Se..|''Dil Se'']]
|[[A. R. Rahman|A R Rahman]]
|-
|2017
|Jaane Jaan Dhoondta (Rendition)
|''Jawaani Deewani''
|[[R. D. Burman|R D Burman]]
|-
|2017
|Ponvene (Rendition)<ref name=":12">{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/music/i-always-felt-a-connect-with-old-malayalam-songs-sanah-moidutty/articleshow/61269639.cms|title=I always felt a connect with old Malayalam songs- Sanah Moidutty|last=Somani|first=Deepa|date=28 October 2017|work=Times of India|access-date=29 October 2017}}</ref>
|''[[Thalavattam]]''
|[[Reghu Kumar|Raghu Kumar]] & Rajamani
|-
|2017
|Poomaname (Rendition)<ref name=":12" />
|[[Nirakkoottu|''Nirakkootu'']]
|Shyam
|-
|2017
|Jashn E Bahara (Rendition)
|[[Jodhaa Akbar|''Jodha Akbar'']]
|[[A. R. Rahman|A R Rahman]]
|-
|2018
|Dil Diyan Gallan (Rendition)
|''[[Tiger Zinda Hai]]''
|[[Vishal–Shekhar]]
|-
|2018
|Baahon Ke Darmiyan (Rendition)
|[[Khamoshi: The Musical|''Khamoshi'']]
|[[Jatin–Lalit]]
|-
|2018
|Shyama Meghame (Rendition)<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/music/sanah-moidutty-makes-magic-again-with-shyamameghame/articleshow/64222056.cms|title=Sanah Moidutty makes magic again, with Shyamameghame|last=Prakash|first=Asha|date=18 May 2018|work=Times of India|access-date=19 May 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.radioandmusic.com/entertainment/editorial/news/180517-sanah-moidutty-recreates-malayali-classic|title=Sanah Moidutty recreates a Malayali classic|date=17 May 2018|work=Radio & Music|access-date=19 May 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/music-love/article23932962.ece|title=Music love|last=Nair Anand|first=Shilpa|date=19 May 2018|work=The Hindu|access-date=19 May 2018}}</ref>
|''[[Adhipan]]''
|Shyam
|-
|2018
|[[Kanmani Anbodu Kadhalan]] (Rendition)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/stories/interviews/2018/Sep/17/singer-sanah-moidutty-i-was-nervous-about-covering-kanmani-anbodu-the-song-means-a-lot-to-everyone-7910.html|title=Singer Sanah Moidutty: I was nervous about covering Kanmani Anbodu; the song means a lot to everyone|date=17 September 2018|work=[[Cinema Express]]|access-date=14 September 2024}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.radioandmusic.com/entertainment/editorial/news/180904-singer-sanah-moidutty-comes-her-first-ever|title=Singer Sanah Moidutty comes up with her first ever Tamil Cover|date=4 September 2018|website=radioandmusic.com|access-date=14 September 2024}}</ref>
|''[[Gunaa]]''
|[[Ilaiyaraaja]]
|-
|2019
|Karutha Penne (Rendition)<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/music/sanah-moidutty-gives-her-own-twist-to-karutha-penne/articleshow/68216644.cms|title=Sanah Moidutty gives her own twist to Karutha Penne|last=Jayaram|first=Deepika|date=1 March 2019|work=Times of India|access-date=2 March 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/kochi/2019/mar/04/cover-prize-1946240.html|title=My version of ''Karutha Penne is a tribute to the original song: Sanah Moidutty''|last=Alexander|first=Princy|date=4 March 2019|work=The New Indian Express|access-date=5 March 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.filmibeat.com/malayalam/news/2019/sanah-moidutty-interview-karutha-penne-song-theme-is-multi-faceted-285284.html|title=Karutha Penne's Theme Is Multi-faceted', Sanah Moidutty Speaks Up About The Sensational Song!|author=Abhijith|date=24 April 2019|work=Filmi Beat|access-date=25 April 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.indulgexpress.com/culture/music/2019/apr/08/sanah-moiduttys-karutha-penne-a-malayalam-rap-song-about-fair-versus-dark-skin-crosses-8-million-13973.html|title=Sanah Moidutty's Karutha Penne, a Malayalam rap song about fair versus dark skin crosses 8 million views|last=T|first=Ayesha|date=8 April 2019|work=The New Indian Express Indulge|access-date=9 April 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.radioandmusic.com/entertainment/editorial/news/190405-sanah-moiduttys-rendition-karutha-penne|title=Sanah Moidutty's rendition of 'Karutha Penne' trends|date=5 April 2019|work= Radio And Music|access-date=6 April 2019}}</ref>
|''[[Thenmavin Kombath]]''
|[[Berny-Ignatius]]
|-
|2019
|Yeh Sama (Rendition)
|''[[Jab Jab Phool Khile]]''
|Anandji & Kalyanji
|-
|2019
|Ore Naal
|''[[Ilamai Oonjal Aadukirathu]]''
|[[Ilaiyaraaja]]
|-
|2019
|Ajeeb Dastan Hai Yeh (Rendition)
|''[[Dil Apna Aur Preet Parai]]''
|Shankar Jaikishar
|-
|2020
|Kannadi Koodum Kootti (Rendition)
|''[[Pranayavarnangal]]''
|[[Vidyasagar (composer)|Vidyasagar]]
|-
|2020
|Karimizhi Kuruviye (Rendition)
|''[[Meesa Madhavan]]''
|[[Vidyasagar (composer)|Vidyasagar]]
|-
|2020
|Choolamadichu (Rendition)
|''[[Summer in Bethlehem]]''
|[[Vidyasagar (composer)|Vidyasagar]]
|-
|2020
|Vennila Chandana Kinnam (Rendition)
|''[[Azhakiya Ravanan]]''
|[[Vidyasagar (composer)|Vidysagar]]
|-
|2020
|Humein Tumse Pyaar Kitna (Rendition)
|''[[Kudrat]]''
|R.D.Burman
|-
|2023
|Marudaani (Rendition)
|[[Sakkarakatti]]
|[[A. R. Rahman|A R Rahman]]
|-
|}

=== Collaborations ===
{| class="wikitable"
!YEAR
!SONG (s)
!ALBUM
!COMPOSER (s)
!CO SINGERS
|-
|2014
|All Women's National Anthem by WIFT<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/lifestyle/report-indian-national-anthem-in-a-new-avataar-1971087|title=Indian National Anthem in a New Avataar|last=Nunes|first=Averil|date=21 March 2014|work=DNA|access-date=28 March 2014}}</ref>
| -
|
|Alka Yagnik, Anusha mani, Shruti Pathak, Shweta Pandit
|-
|2014
|Duaa(Acoustic)
|[[Sanam (band)|Sanam]] Rendition
|Vishal - Shekhar
|Sanam Puri
|-
|2014
|Kora Kagaz Tha Ye Man Mera
|[[Sanam (band)|Sanam]] Rendition
|S.D Burman
|Sanam Puri
|-
|2014
|Kitna Pyaara Vaada Hai
|On TV show Sound Trek on [[Fox Life]]
|R D Burman
|[[Achint Thakkar]]
|-
|2015
|Piya Basanti
| -
|Ustad Sultan Khan, [[Achint Thakkar]], Sandesh Shandilya
|Hriday Gattani
|-
|2015
|Saawan Ka Mahina
| -
|Laxmikant Pyarelal
|[[Keerthi Sagathia]] & Karsan Sagathia
|-
|2016
|Ishq Abhi Bhi<ref name=":1">{{cite news|url=http://www.afaqs.com/news/story/48673_Qyuki-launches-Jammin-a-musical-collaboration-with-YouTube|title=Qyuki launches Jammin', a musical collaboration with YouTube|date=11 August 2016|access-date=11 August 2016|publisher=AFAQ's|agency=AFAQ's News Bureau}}</ref>
|Jammin
|[[Clinton Cerejo]]
|[[Clinton Cerejo]]
|-
|2016
|Hasi
|Hamaari Adhoori Kahani
|Ami Mishra
|Arjun Kanungo
|-
|2016
|Yaara<ref name=":1" />
|Jammin
|A R Rahman
|Sanam Band, Shraddha Sharma, Siddharth Slathia, Jonita Gandhi, Arjun Kanungo, Maati Baani and Raaga Trippin
|-
|2017
|Tu Hai
|MTV Unplugged Season 6 Episode 1
|A R Rahman
|A R Rahman
|-
|2020
|Sunn<ref name=":2">{{cite news|url=http://www.radioandmusic.com/entertainment/editorial/news/210125-dino-jamess-sunn-and-feel-hain-ki-nahi-the|title=Dino James's Sunn and Feel Hain Ki Nahi is the jam of the millennials|date=25 January 2021|access-date=25 January 2021|publisher=radioandmusic.com}}</ref>
|Chemicals
|Dino James
|Dino James
|-
|2024
|Tere Naal<ref>{{Cite web |author=News Desk |date=2024-12-16 |title=Bayaan release their sophomore album |url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/2516426/bayaan-release-their-sophomore-album |access-date=2025-07-11 |website=The Express Tribune |language=en}}</ref>
| [https://open.spotify.com/album/3M8j6IwEcqDnf0V3y3ZI3C Safar]
|[https://open.spotify.com/artist/7lDDbppbcK5F2ZJXG12pru Asfar Hussain], Sanah Moidutty and [https://www.vaibhavpani.com/ Vaibhav Pani]
|[https://open.spotify.com/artist/7lDDbppbcK5F2ZJXG12pru Asfar Hussain]
|}

== External links ==
* [https://www.imdb.com/name/nm4469291/?ref_=nv_sr_srsg_0_tt_3_nm_5_in_0_q_Sanah%2520moi Sanah Moidutty] at [[IMDb]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Moidutty, Sanah}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1991 births]]
[[Category:Singers from Mumbai]]
[[Category:Women musicians from Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Indian women playback singers]]
[[Category:Indian women pop singers]]
[[Category:Indian women singer-songwriters]]
[[Category:Indian singer-songwriters]]
[[Category:Malayali people]]
[[Category:Hindi-language playback singers]]
[[Category:Kannada-language playback singers]]
[[Category:Tamil-language playback singers]]
[[Category:Malayalam-language playback singers]]
[[Category:Telugu-language playback singers]]
[[Category:Hindi-language singers]]
[[Category:Marathi-language singers]]
[[Category:English-language Indian singers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian women singers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian Muslims]]

Chandranath Sinha

2026-01-02T20:07:31Z

Ferdinand78P: quick fix

{{short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2022}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Chandranath Sinha
| image =
| caption =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1962|11|1|df=y}}
| birth_place =
| residence = [[Bolpur]]
| death_date =
| death_place =
| office = Cabinet Minister [[Government of West Bengal]]
| term_start = 20 May 2011
| term_end =
| predecessor =
| successor =
| office2 =
| term_start2 =
| term_end2 =
| predecessor2 =
| successor2 =
| office3 = Member of the [[West Bengal Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start3 = 13 May 2011
| term_end3 =
| constituency3 = [[Bolpur (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Bolpur]]
| predecessor3 = Tapan Hore
| successor3 =
| party = [[File:All India Trinamool Congress flag (2).svg|25px]] [[Trinamool Congress]]
| spouse =
| college =
| children =
| alma_mater =
| faculty =
| website =
| source =
| office1 =
| successor1 =
| termstart1 =
| termend1 =
| predecessor1 =
| 1blankname = Chief Minister
| 1namedata = [[Mamata Banerjee]]
| governor =
| 2blankname =
| 2namedata =
}}

'''Chandranath Sinha''' is an Indian [[politician]] and the present Minister for MSME&Textile and Correctional Administration in the [[Government of West Bengal]]. He is also a [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Member of the Legislative Assembly]], elected from the [[Bolpur (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Bolpur]] constituency in [[2011 West Bengal state assembly election|West Bengal state assembly election, 2011 and 2016 and 2021]] respectively.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110525085921/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/mamata-allocates-portfolios-to-ministers/153060-37.html Mamata allots portfolios, keeps key ministries]</ref><ref>[https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/election-news/story/20090601-all-the-didis-men-739813-2009-05-21 All the Didi's men]</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.banglarmukh.com/portal/banglarMukh/Government/MinisterSecretary/MinisterSecretaryPortletWindow?category=M&action=e&windowstate=normal&in.gov.wb.portal.MENU_ID_PARAMETER=100&mode=view|title=Ministers in Mamata's Cabinet|accessdate=22 May 2011|publisher=[[Government of West Bengal]]|date=21 May 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111005213008/http://www.banglarmukh.com/portal/banglarMukh/Government/MinisterSecretary/MinisterSecretaryPortletWindow?category=M&action=e&windowstate=normal&in.gov.wb.portal.MENU_ID_PARAMETER=100&mode=view|archive-date=5 October 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{West Bengal Legislative Assembly3}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sinha, Chandranath}}
[[Category:State cabinet ministers of West Bengal]]
[[Category:Trinamool Congress politicians from West Bengal]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1962 births]]
[[Category:West Bengal MLAs 2011–2016]]
[[Category:West Bengal MLAs 2016–2021]]
[[Category:West Bengal MLAs 2021–2026]]
[[Category:People from Birbhum district]]

{{WestBengal-AITC-politician-stub}}

English cricket team in India, Pakistan and Ceylon in 1951–52

2025-12-28T21:26:14Z

Ferdinand78P: Done...

{{Short description|International cricket tour}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
{{Use British English|date=January 2013}}
{{Infobox cricket tour |
series_name = England in India 1951-52 |
team1_image = Flag of India.svg |
team1_name = India |
team2_image = Flag of England.svg |
team2_name = England |
from_date = 5 October 1951|
to_date = 2 March 1952|
team1_captain = [[Vijay Hazare]]|
team2_captain = [[Nigel Howard]] [[Donald Carr]] (5th Test)|
no_of_tests = 5 |
team1_tests_won = 1 |
team2_tests_won = 1 |
team1_tests_most_runs = [[Pankaj Roy]] (387) |
team2_tests_most_runs = [[Allan Watkins]] (450) |
team1_tests_most_wickets = [[Vinoo Mankad]] (34) |
team2_tests_most_wickets = [[Roy Tattersall]] (21) |
player_of_test_series = |
}}

A [[cricket]] team from [[England]] organised by the [[Marylebone Cricket Club]] (MCC) toured [[India]] from 5 October 1951 to 2 March 1952. During this tour England team also played first class matches in [[Dominion of Pakistan|Pakistan]] and [[Dominion of Ceylon|Ceylon]]. In the Test matches, the side was known as "England"; in other matches, it was known as "MCC".<ref name=LS/>

The Test series was drawn 1-1, with three matches being drawn.

== Background ==
It was reported in April 1950 that the MCC would tour India, Pakistan and Ceylon in the 1951–52 season. The squad would play games over three and a half months in India, over a month in Pakistan and over fifteen days in Ceylon.<ref>{{cite news|title=M.C.C. Tour of India and Pak. in 1951-52 |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=j7w-AAAAIBAJ&sjid=O0wMAAAAIBAJ&pg=7098%2C2873630 |access-date=30 June 2019 |newspaper=The Indian Express |date=26 April 1950 |page=8}}</ref>

==The English team==
{{div col}}
* [[Nigel Howard]] (captain)
* [[Donald Carr]] (vice-captain)
* [[Don Brennan (cricketer)|Don Brennan]]
* [[Tom Graveney]]
* [[Malcolm Hilton]]
* [[Don Kenyon]]
* [[Eddie Leadbeater]]
* [[Frank Lowson]]
* [[Cyril Poole]]
* [[Dusty Rhodes (cricketer)|Dusty Rhodes]]
* [[Fred Ridgway]]
* [[Jack Robertson (English cricketer)|Jack Robertson]]
* [[Derek Shackleton]]
* [[Dick Spooner]]
* [[Brian Statham]]
* [[Roy Tattersall]]
* [[Allan Watkins]]
{{div col end}}
The manager was [[Geoffrey Howard (cricketer)|Geoffrey Howard]]. The team was announced in late July 1951. Poole replaced [[Jack Ikin]], who was injured, before the team left. Leadbeater replaced Rhodes, who was forced to return home with an injury, early in the tour.<ref name=TCT>{{cite web | url = http://test-cricket-tours.co.uk/page_3161005.html| title = England to India 1951-52| publisher=Test Cricket Tours| access-date =27 July 2019}}</ref>

Many of England's leading players made themselves unavailable for the tour, and the resultant team was widely regarded as a "second team".<ref name=LS>Leslie Smith, "M.C.C. Tour of India, Pakistan and Ceylon, 1951-52", ''[[Wisden Cricketers' Almanack|Wisden]]'' 1953, pp. 773–809.</ref><ref name=MB>[[Mihir Bose]], ''A History of Indian Cricket'', Andre Deutsch, London, pp. 177–80.</ref> Eight of the touring team – Howard, Carr, Leadbeater, Kenyon, Poole, Rhodes, Ridgway and Spooner – had no [[Test cricket|Test]] experience, while none of the team had played more than nine Tests.<ref name=TCT/> Only Statham and Tattersall had toured [[English cricket team in Australia in 1950–51|Australia]] and [[English cricket team in New Zealand in 1950–51|New Zealand]] in the Test series of 1950–51.<ref>Reg Hayter, "M.C.C. Team in Australia and New Zealand, 1950-51", ''Wisden'' 1952, pp. 783–835.</ref><ref name=LS/>

==Test matches==

===1st Test===
{{Test match
| date =2–7 November 1951
| team1 ={{cr-rt|ENG}}
| team2 ={{cr|IND}}

| score-team1-inns1 =203 (102.3 overs)
| runs-team1-inns1 =[[Jack Robertson (English cricketer)|Jack Robertson]] 50
| wickets-team1-inns1 =[[Sadu Shinde]] 6/91 (35.3 overs)

| score-team2-inns1 =418/6[[Declaration and forfeiture#Declaration|d]] (175 overs)
| runs-team2-inns1 =[[Vijay Hazare]] 164[[not out|*]]
| wickets-team2-inns1 =[[Roy Tattersall]] 2/95 (53 overs)

| score-team1-inns2 =368/6 (221 overs)
| runs-team1-inns2 =[[Allan Watkins]] 137
| wickets-team1-inns2 =[[Vinoo Mankad]] 4/58 (76 overs)

| result =Match drawn
| venue =[[Feroz Shah Kotla]], [[Delhi]]
| umpires =[[Balkrishna Mohoni]] and [[Mysore Vijayasarathi]]
| report =[http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/62725.html Scorecard]
| toss =England won the toss and elected to bat.
| rain =
| motm=
| notes = [[Pankaj Roy]] and [[Nana Joshi]] (Ind), and [[Don Kenyon]], [[Donald Carr]], [[Dick Spooner]], [[Nigel Howard]] and [[Fred Ridgway]] (Eng) made their Test debuts.
*''5 November was a [[Glossary of cricket terms#rest day|rest day]].''
}}

===2nd Test===
{{Test match
| date =14–19 December 1951
| team1 ={{cr-rt|IND}}
| team2 ={{cr|ENG}}

| score-team1-inns1 =485/9[[Declaration and forfeiture#Declaration|d]] (139 overs)
| runs-team1-inns1 =[[Vijay Hazare]] 155
| wickets-team1-inns1 =[[Brian Statham]] 4/96 (29 overs)

| score-team2-inns1 =456 (207.1 overs)
| runs-team2-inns1 =[[Tom Graveney]] 175
| wickets-team2-inns1 =[[Vinoo Mankad]] 4/91 (57 overs)

| score-team1-inns2 =208 (83.1 overs)
| runs-team1-inns2 =[[CD Gopinath]] 42
| wickets-team1-inns2 =[[Allan Watkins]] 3/20 (13 overs)

| score-team2-inns2 =55/2 (36 overs)
| runs-team2-inns2 =[[Tom Graveney]] 25
| wickets-team2-inns2 =[[CD Gopinath]] 1/11 (8 overs)

| result =Match drawn
| venue =[[Brabourne Stadium]], [[Bombay]]
| umpires =[[M. M. Naidu]] and [[Jamshed Patel]]
| report =[http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/current/match/62726.html Scorecard]
| toss =India won the toss and elected to bat
| rain =
| motm=
| notes =[[CD Gopinath]] and [[Madhav Mantri]] (Ind), and [[Eddie Leadbeater]] (Eng) made their Test debuts.
*''17 December was a [[Glossary of cricket terms#rest day|rest day]].''
}}

===3rd Test===
{{Test match
| date =30 December–4 January 1952
| team1 ={{cr-rt|ENG}}
| team2 ={{cr|IND}}

| score-team1-inns1 =342 (159.5 overs)
| runs-team1-inns1 =[[Dick Spooner]] 71
| wickets-team1-inns1 =[[Vinoo Mankad]] 4/89 (52.5 overs)

| score-team2-inns1 =344 (149.1 overs)
| runs-team2-inns1 =[[Dattu Phadkar]] 115
| wickets-team2-inns1 =[[Fred Ridgway]] 4/83 (38.1 overs)

| score-team1-inns2 =252/5[[Declaration and forfeiture#Declaration|d]] (120 overs)
| runs-team1-inns2 =[[Dick Spooner]] 92
| wickets-team1-inns2 =[[Ramesh Divecha]] 2/55 (25 overs)

| score-team2-inns2 =103/0 (29 overs)
| runs-team2-inns2 =[[Vinoo Mankad]] 71
| wickets-team2-inns2 =[[Roy Tattersall]] 0/4 (4 overs)

| result =Match drawn
| venue =[[Eden Gardens]], [[Calcutta]]
| umpires =[[Bapu Joshi]] and [[Balkrishna Mohoni]]
| report =[http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/current/match/62727.html Scorecard]
| toss =England won the toss and elected to bat.
| rain =
| motm=
| notes = [[Buck Divecha]], [[Subhash Gupte]] and [[Vijay Manjrekar]] (Ind), and [[Cyril Poole]] (Eng) made their Test debuts.
*''2 January was a [[Glossary of cricket terms#rest day|rest day]].''
}}

===4th Test===
{{Test match
| date =12–14 January 1952
| team1 ={{cr-rt|IND}}
| team2 ={{cr|ENG}}

| score-team1-inns1 =121 (61.5 overs)
| runs-team1-inns1 =[[Pankaj Roy]] 37
| wickets-team1-inns1 =[[Roy Tattersall]] 6/48 (21 overs)

| score-team2-inns1 =203 (95.1 overs)
| runs-team2-inns1 =[[Allan Watkins]] 66
| wickets-team2-inns1 =[[Ghulam Ahmed (cricketer)|Ghulam Ahmed]] 5/70 (37.1 overs)

| score-team1-inns2 =157 (66.5 overs)
| runs-team1-inns2 =[[Hemu Adhikari]] 60
| wickets-team1-inns2 =[[Malcolm Hilton]] 5/61 (32 overs)

| score-team2-inns2 =76/2 (19.2 overs)
| runs-team2-inns2 =[[Tom Graveney]] 48
| wickets-team2-inns2 =[[Ghulam Ahmed (cricketer)|Ghulam Ahmed]] 1/10 (10 overs)

| result =England won by 8 wickets
| venue =[[Green Park Stadium|Modi Stadium]], [[Kanpur]]
| umpires =[[Jamshed Patel]] and [[Mysore Vijayasarathi]]
| report =[http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/current/match/62728.html Scorecard]
| toss =India won the toss and elected to bat.
| rain =
| motm=
}}

===5th Test===
{{Test match
| date =6–10 February 1952
| team1 ={{cr-rt|ENG}}
| team2 ={{cr|IND}}

| score-team1-inns1 =266 (121.5 overs)
| runs-team1-inns1 =[[Jack Robertson (English cricketer)|Jack Robertson]] 77
| wickets-team1-inns1 =[[Vinoo Mankad]] 8/55 (38.5 overs)

| score-team2-inns1 =457/9[[Declaration and forfeiture#Declaration|d]] (153 overs)
| runs-team2-inns1 =[[Polly Umrigar]] 130
| wickets-team2-inns1 =[[Donald Carr]] 2/84 (19 overs)

| score-team1-inns2 =183 (75.5 overs)
| runs-team1-inns2 =[[Jack Robertson (English cricketer)|Jack Robertson]] 56
| wickets-team1-inns2 =[[Vinoo Mankad]] 4/53 (30.5 overs)

| result =India won by an innings and 8 runs
| venue =[[Madras Cricket Club Ground, Chepauk]], [[Madras]]
| umpires =[[Balkrishna Mohoni]] and [[Mysore Vijayasarathi]]
| report =[http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/current/match/62729.html Scorecard]
| toss =England won the toss and elected to bat.
| rain =
| motm=
| notes = 7 February was a [[Glossary of cricket terms#rest day|rest day]] because of the death of [[King George VI]] being announced during the afternoon of Day 1.
}}
This was India's first Test victory, after 20 years and 25 Tests.<ref name=MB/>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/series/61800.html Tour home] at [[ESPNcricinfo]]
* [http://test-cricket-tours.co.uk/page_3161005.html England to India 1951-52] at test-cricket-tours.co.uk
* {{CricketArchive|ref=Archive/Events/2/Marylebone_Cricket_Club_in_India,_Pakistan_and_Ceylon_1951-52|name=Marylebone Cricket Club in India, Pakistan and Ceylon 1951/52}}

{{International cricket in 1951–52}}
{{International cricket tours of India}}
{{International cricket tours of Pakistan}}
{{International cricket tours of Sri Lanka}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:English cricket team in India in 1951-52}}
[[Category:1951 in English cricket]]
[[Category:1952 in English cricket]]
[[Category:1951 in Indian cricket]]
[[Category:1952 in Indian cricket]]
[[Category:1951 in Pakistani cricket]]
[[Category:1952 in Ceylon]]
[[Category:English cricket tours of India|1951-52]]
[[Category:English cricket tours of Pakistan|1951]]
[[Category:English cricket tours of Sri Lanka|1952]]
[[Category:International cricket competitions from 1945–46 to 1960]]
[[Category:Sri Lankan cricket seasons from 1880–81 to 1971–72]]
[[Category:Indian cricket seasons from 1945–46 to 1969–70]]
[[Category:Pakistani cricket seasons from 1947–48 to 1969–70]]

{{India-cricket-tour-stub}}
{{Pakistan-cricket-tour-stub}}
{{SriLanka-cricket-tour-stub}}

Savitri Devi (politician)

2025-12-01T20:31:34Z

Ferdinand78P: Put up new bio w/ infobox

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2025}}
{{For|the Nazi activist and spy|Savitri Devi}}
'''Savitri Devi''' (born 1948)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Savitri Devi(RJD):Constituency- CHAKAI(JAMUI) - Affidavit Information of Candidate |url=https://www.myneta.info/Bihar2020/candidate.php?candidate_id=10007 |access-date=2025-04-16 |website=www.myneta.info}}</ref> is an Indian politician from the state of [[Bihar]], India. She is a member of the [[Bihar Legislative Assembly]] from [[Chakai Assembly constituency]] in [[Jamui district]]. She won the [[2015 Bihar Legislative Assembly election]], 2025 Bihar Legislative Assembly from Chakai representing [[Rashtriya Janata Dal]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-09-24 |title=चकाई विधानसभा सीट: पहली बार खुला था RJD का खाता, क्या फिर जीतेंगी सावित्री देवी? |url=https://www.aajtak.in/elections/bihar-assembly-elections/story/bihar-election-2020-chakai-assembly-seat-rjd-savitri-devi-jmm-ljp-1134894-2020-09-24 |access-date=2025-04-16 |website=आज तक |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-11-12 |title=Bihar election results: On Seat No. 243, Independent scores lone win |url=https://indianexpress.com/elections/bihar-election-result-on-seat-no-243-independent-scores-lone-win-7048502/ |access-date=2025-04-16 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Chakai Assembly Constituency Election Result - Legislative Assembly Constituency |url=https://resultuniversity.com/election/chakai-bihar-assembly-constituency |access-date=2025-04-16 |website=resultuniversity.com}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Devi is from Sirayndih village, Saraswati Watpur post, Chakai, Jamui district, Bihar.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Savitri Devi MLA of CHAKAI Bihar contact address & email |url=https://nocorruption.in/politician/savitri-devi/ |access-date=2025-05-01 |website=nocorruption.in |language=en}}</ref> She married [[Phalguni Prasad Yadav]]. She studied intermediate (Class 12) at [[Phalguni Prasad Yadav College|Phulguni Prasad Yadav College]] and passed the examinations in 1994. Later, she discontinued her studies.

== Career ==
Devi won from Chakai Assembly constituency representing Rashtriya Janata Dal in the 2015 Bihar Legislative Assembly election. She polled 47,064 votes and defeated her nearest rival, [[Sumit Kumar Singh]], an [[independent politician]], by a margin of 12,113 votes.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Chakai Assembly Election 2025: Chakai Election Candidates List, Election Date, Chunav Results, Vote Share News in Hindi {{!}} चकाई विधानसभा चुनाव परिणाम 2025 – AajTak |url=https://www.aajtak.in/elections/assembly-chunav/bihar/chakai-assembly-result-4243 |access-date=2025-05-01 |website=आज तक |language=hi}}</ref> In the [[2020 Bihar Legislative Assembly election]], she lost by a margin of 581 votes to the same candidate, Sumit Kumar Singh.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-11-12 |title=Bihar election results: On Seat No. 243, Independent scores lone win |url=https://indianexpress.com/elections/bihar-election-result-on-seat-no-243-independent-scores-lone-win-7048502/ |access-date=2025-04-16 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> She polled 44,967 votes while Singh got 45,548 votes.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2020-11-10 |title=Bihar Election 2020: Result updates for Tarapur, Sheikhpura, Jamui, Sikandra, Jhajha, Chakai seats |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bihar-election/bihar-election-2020-result-updates-for-tarapur-sheikhpura-jamui-sikandra-jhajha-chakai-seats/story-zrPnFpdOyfFUgPP0ftCYFN.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250104041238/https://www.hindustantimes.com/bihar-election/bihar-election-2020-result-updates-for-tarapur-sheikhpura-jamui-sikandra-jhajha-chakai-seats/story-zrPnFpdOyfFUgPP0ftCYFN.html |archive-date=4 January 2025 |access-date=2025-04-16 |work=Hindustan Times |language=en-us |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-10-06 |title=Chakai Election Result Live: निर्दलीय उम्मीदवार सुमित सिंह ने हासिल की करिश्माई जीत, राजद की सावित्री देवी को 581 वोट से हराया |url=https://hindi.news18.com/news/bihar/jamui-bihar-election-result-independent-candidate-sumit-kumar-singh-defeats-rjd-candidate-savitri-devi-to-win-chakai-seat-3283120.html |access-date=2025-04-16 |website=News18 हिंदी |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=12 November 2020 |title=Chakai Assembly Election Results 2020 Live Updates, Chakai Assembly Election Latest News & Updates |url=https://news.abplive.com/bihar-election/live-election-result-bihar-chakai-assembly-election-result-2020-243.html |access-date=2025-04-16 |website=news.abplive.com |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Devi, Savitri}}
[[Category:1948 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from Jamui district]]
[[Category:Bihar MLAs 2015–2020]]
[[Category:Women members of the Bihar Legislative Assembly]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian women politicians]]
[[Category:Bihar MLAs 2025–2030]]

Aditya Garhwal

2025-11-25T05:23:13Z

Ferdinand78P: revise

{{Short description|Indian cricketer (born 1996)}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2015}}
{{Infobox cricketer
| name = Aditya Garhwal
| image =
| country = India
| fullname = Aditya Narendra Garhwal
| nickname = Chhota Sehwag<ref name=garhwal>{{cite web|title=Aditya Garhwal — the Chhota Sehwag who is making waves|url=https://www.thehindu.com/sport/cricket/aditya-garhwal-the-chhota-sehwag-who-is-making-waves/article6533538.ece|work=The Hindu|access-date=27 October 2014}}</ref>
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1996|4|15|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Sikar]], [[Rajasthan]], India
| heightft = 6
| heightinch = 0<ref name=garhwal/>
| heightm =
| batting = Right-handed
| bowling = Right-arm [[leg break]]
| role = All-rounder
| club1 = [[Rajasthan cricket team|Rajasthan]]
| year1 = 2014–present
| clubnumber1 =
| columns = 3
| column1 = [[First-class cricket|FC]]
| matches1 = 4
| runs1 = 62
| bat avg1 = 12.40
| 100s/50s1 = 0/0
| top score1 = 31
| deliveries1 = 176
| wickets1 = 1
| bowl avg1 = 103.00
| fivefor1 = 0
| tenfor1 = 0
| best bowling1 = 1/40
| catches/stumpings1 = 2/-
| column2 = [[List A cricket|List A]]
| matches2 = 20
| runs2 = 479
| bat avg2 = 23.95
| 100s/50s2 = 1/2
| top score2 = 108
| deliveries2 = 141
| wickets2 = 2
| bowl avg2 = 67.00
| fivefor2 = 0
| tenfor2 = 0
| best bowling2 = 1/6
| catches/stumpings2 = 6/–
| column3 = [[Twenty20 cricket|T20]]
| matches3 = 32
| runs3 = 471
| bat avg3 = 15.70
| 100s/50s3 = 0/1
| top score3 = 52
| deliveries3 = 96
| wickets3 = 6
| bowl avg3 = 17.00
| fivefor3 = 0
| tenfor3 = 0
| best bowling3 = 2/7
| catches/stumpings3 = 4/-
| date = 27 October
| year = 2014
| source = http://www.espncricinfo.com/india/content/player/725435.html ESPNcricinfo
}}

'''Aditya Narendra Garhwal''' (born 15 April 1996) is an Indian [[cricket]]er who plays for [[Rajasthan cricket team|Rajasthan]] in [[first-class cricket|first-class]], [[List A]] and [[Twenty20 cricket]]. He is coached by former Rajasthan batsman [[Anshu Jain (cricketer)|Anshu Jain]].<ref name=garhwal/> His batting performances in the 2014/15 Vinoo Mankad Trophy have received appreciation from many current and former Indian cricketers.<ref>{{cite web|title=Aditya Garhwal's Double Century Impresses India Greats|url=http://sports.ndtv.com/cricket/news/232089-aditya-garhwal-s-double-century-impresses-india-greats|publisher=NDTV|access-date=27 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141027080354/http://sports.ndtv.com/cricket/news/232089-aditya-garhwal-s-double-century-impresses-india-greats|archive-date=27 October 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Raina wants run-machine Garhwal to stay focused|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/story/suresh-raina-aditya-garhwal-cricket-run-machine-224561-2014-10-26|publisher=India Today|access-date=27 October 2014}}</ref> He is often referred to as Chota Sehwag for his attacking batting style. He was signed by [[Kolkata Knight Riders]] ahead of the [[2015 Indian Premier League]].<ref>{{cite web |title=List of players sold and unsold in IPL 2015 auction |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/list-of-players-sold-and-unsold-in-ipl-2015-auction-832783 |website=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=24 July 2024 |date=16 February 2015}}</ref>

He made his first-class debut on 11 January 2020, for Rajasthan in the [[2019–20 Ranji Trophy]].<ref name="FC">{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1203518.html |title=Elite, Group A, Ranji Trophy at Jaipur, Jan 11-14 2020 |access-date=11 January 2020 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{cricinfo|id=725435}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Garhwal, Aditya}}
[[Category:1996 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian cricketers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian sportsmen]]
[[Category:Rajasthan cricketers]]
[[Category:People from Sikar]]

{{India-cricket-bio-1996-stub}}

Ram Kripal Yadav

2025-11-21T14:29:41Z

Ferdinand78P:

{{short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2015}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Ram Kripal Yadav
| image = The Minister of State for Rural Development, Shri Ram Kripal Yadav addressing the media after taking charge in his office, in New Delhi on July 08, 2016.jpg
| caption = Yadav in 2016
| office = Minister of Agriculture [[Government of Bihar]]
| term_start = 20 November 2025
| term_end =
| 1blankname = [[Chief Minister of Bihar|Chief Minister]]
| 1namedata = [[Nitish Kumar]]
| predecessor = [[Vijay Kumar Sinha]]
| successor =
| office1 = [[Minister of State]] [[Government of India]]
| term_start1 = 9 November 2014
| term_end1 = 30 May 2019
| 1blankname1 = {{centre|Ministry}}
| 1namedata1 = {{center|'''Term'''}}
| 2blankname1 = [[Ministry of Rural Development (India)|Minister of Rural Development]]
| 2namedata1 = 5 July 2016 - 30 May 2019
| 3blankname1 = [[Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation|Minister of Drinking Water and Sanitation]]
| 3namedata1 = 9 November 2014 - 5 July 2016
| office2 = [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha]]
| term_start2 = 2014
| term_end2 = 04 June 2024
| predecessor2 = [[Ranjan Prasad Yadav]]
| successor2 = [[Misa Bharti]]
| constituency2 = [[Pataliputra (Lok Sabha constituency)|Pataliputra]]
| term_start3 = 2004
| term_end3 = 2009
| predecessor3 = [[C. P. Thakur]]
| successor3 = ''Constituency defunct''
| constituency3 = [[Patna Lok Sabha constituency|Patna]]
| term_start4 = 1993
| term_end4 = 1998
| predecessor4 = [[Shailendra Nath Shrivastava]]
| successor4 = [[C. P. Thakur]]
| constituency4 = [[Patna Lok Sabha constituency|Patna]]
| office5 = [[Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha]]
| term_start5 = 8 July 2010
| term_end5 = 16 May 2014
| successor5 = [[Sharad Yadav]]
| constituency5 = [[List of Rajya Sabha members from Bihar|Bihar]]
| office6 = Member of [[Bihar Legislative Council]]
| term_start6 = 1998
| term_end6 = 2004
| term_start7 = 1992
| term_end7 = 1993
| office8 = Member of [[Bihar Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start8 = 14 November 2025
| constituency8 = [[Danapur Assembly constituency|Danapur]]
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1957|10|12|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Patna]], [[Bihar]], [[India]]
| residence = [[Patna]]
| alma_mater = [[Magadh University]] (B.A.[Hons.], LL.B.)
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (2014–present)
| otherparty = [[Rashtriya Janata Dal]] (until 2014) [[Janata Dal]]
| spouse = {{marriage|Kiran Devi|1983}}
| children = 3
}}
'''Ram Kripal Yadav''' (born 12 October 1957) is an Indian politician and a member of the [[17th Lok Sabha]] from the [[Pataliputra (Lok Sabha constituency)|Pataliputra]] parliamentary constituency in Bihar. He currently serves the Agricultural minister in the [[Bihar Government]] since 2025. He represents the [[Danapur Assembly constituency]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/elections/article/pataliputra-bihar-election-2019-pataliputra-election-results-candidates-voter-population-polling-percentage-misa-bharati-ram-kripal-yadav-rjd-bjp/414519|title= Pataliputra Election result 2019: RJD's Misa Bharti trailed as BJP's Ram Kripal Yadav won by 39321 votes|website= Times Now News|date= 24 May 2019|language=en |access-date=2019-05-24}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/lok-sabha-elections-2019-misa-bharti-vs-ram-kripal-yadav-in-patliputra/cid/1690829|title= Lok Sabha elections 2019: Misa Bharti vs Ram Kripal Yadav in Pataliputra|website= The Telegraph|language=en |access-date=2019-05-23}}</ref> He was a member of [[Rashtriya Janata Dal]] and was a close confidant of [[Lalu Yadav]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.india.com/election-2014/lalu-prasad-loyalist-ram-kripal-yadav-joins-bjp-22408/|title= Lalu Prasad loyalist Ram Kripal Yadav joins BJP|website= India.Com|language=en |access-date=2014-03-12}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.firstpost.com/politics/all-you-need-to-know-about-ram-kripal-yadav-the-former-lalu-loyalist-1430619.html|title= All you need to know about Ram Kripal Yadav, the former Lalu loyalist|website= Firstpost|date= 12 March 2014|language=en |access-date=2014-03-12}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/ram-kripal-yadav-lalus-disciple-now-pm-narendra-modi-loyalist/articleshow/45087727.cms|title= Ram Kripal Yadav - Lalu's disciple now PM Narendra Modi loyalist|website= Economic Times|date= 9 November 2014|language=en |access-date=2014-11-09}}</ref> Later he joined [[Bharatiya Janata Party]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/rebel-rjd-mp-ram-kripal-yadav-joins-bjp/article5776804.ece|title= Rebel RJD MP Ram Kripal Yadav joins BJP|website= The Hindu|date= 12 March 2014|language=en |access-date=2014-03-12}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/content/391486/ram-kripal-yadav-joins-bjp.html|title= Ram Kripal Yadav joins BJP|website= Deccan Herald|date= 12 March 2014|language=en |access-date=2014-03-12}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/ram-kripal-yadav-joins-bjp/story-igLvl9PuxkG7wv4NFZNphK.html|title= Ram Kripal Yadav joins BJP|website= Hindustan Times|date= 12 March 2014|language=en |access-date=2014-03-12}}</ref> He was first a mayor in Bihar, and later the Minister of State for Rural Development in central cabinet in Delhi from 2014 to 2019.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://react.etvbharat.com/english/national/state/bihar/ram-kripal-yadav-mp-demands-government-to-set-up-new-industries-in-bihar/na20210316172646456|title= Ram Kripal Yadav MP demands government to set up new industries in Bihar|website= Etv Bharat|language=en |access-date=2021-03-16}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.jansatta.com/elections/lok-sabha-election-2019-union-minister-ram-kripal-yadav-drives-e-rickshaw-leaves-patna-residents-bemused/963476/|title= Lok Sabha Election 2019: सुबह-सुबह राजधानी की सड़कों पर ई-रिक्शा चलाते दिखे केंद्रीय मंत्री, लोग देखकर रह गए दंग|website= Jansatta|date= 31 March 2019|language=hi |access-date=2019-03-31}}</ref>

==Early life==
Yadav was born on 12 October 1957. He attained the [[Bachelor of Arts]] (Honours) and [[Bachelor of Law]] degrees from [[Magadh University]], [[Patna]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Yadav, Shri Ram Kripal |url=http://loksabhaph.nic.in/Members/MemberBioprofileBrief.aspx?mpsno=3832 |website=Lok Sabha |access-date=26 September 2020}}</ref>

==Political career==
Yadav represented the [[Patna (Lok Sabha constituency)]] constituency of [[Bihar]] winning thrice from there in the year 1991, 1996, and 2004 elections as a member of [[Rashtriya Janata Dal]]. He joined [[BJP]] in 2014, and has won 2014 and 2019 parliamentary elections as a member of [[BJP]] from [[Pataliputra (Lok Sabha constituency)]].
[[File:The Minister of State for Rural Development, Shri Ram Kripal Yadav inaugurating the International Training Programme on Financing Small Enterprises for Rural Development, at NIRD&PR, Rajendra Nagar, in Hyderabad.jpg|right|thumb|Minister of State for Rural Development, Shri Ram Kripal Yadav inaugurating the International Training Programme on Financing Small Enterprises for Rural Development, at NIRD&PR, Rajendra Nagar, in Hyderabad in 2018]]
He did not contest the 15th general elections in 2009 from Patna as the RJD leader [[Lalu Yadav]] himself contested and lost from that constituency. Ram Kripal Yadav wanted to contest from [[Pataliputra (Lok Sabha constituency)|Pataliputra]] seat in 2014 but was denied ticket. In March 2014 Ramkripal Yadav resigned from [[Rashtriya Janata Dal]] and joined [[BJP]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Sulking-Ram-Kripal-Yadav-quits-RJD-posts-after-Lalu-snubs-him-denying-key-Pataliputra-seat/articleshow/31657644.cms |title=Sulking Ram Kripal Yadav quits RJD posts after Lalu snubs him denying key Pataliputra seat |publisher=Times of India |date=8 March 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140309075647/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Sulking-Ram-Kripal-Yadav-quits-RJD-posts-after-Lalu-snubs-him-denying-key-Pataliputra-seat/articleshow/31657644.cms |archive-date=9 March 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref>

He won the Pataliputra Lok Sabha seat in 2014 as a member of BJP after defeating [[Lalu Yadav]]'s daughter [[Misa Bharti]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/elections2014/state-of-the-states/ls-polls-bjp-declares-third-list-fields-ram-kripal-yadav-from-patliputra/article1-1194688.aspx |title=LS polls: BJP fields Ram Kripal Yadav against Lalu's daughter Misa |publisher=Hindustan Times |date=13 March 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140314170209/http://www.hindustantimes.com/elections2014/state-of-the-states/ls-polls-bjp-declares-third-list-fields-ram-kripal-yadav-from-patliputra/article1-1194688.aspx |archive-date=14 March 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/politics/election-live-2014-march-13/ |title=Election LIVE: BJP's third candidate list out, Ram Kripal to contest from Patliputra against Lalu's daughter |date=14 March 2014 |access-date=15 March 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140314224733/http://indianexpress.com/article/india/politics/election-live-2014-march-13/ |archive-date=14 March 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref> He was made a Minister of State in [[Government of India]] by [[Narendra Modi]] from 2014 to 2019. He retained his Lok Sabha seat in 2019. He was defeated for re-election in 2024.

In 2025 Bihar Assembly elections, he was elected from [[Danapur Assembly constituency]]. Subsequently, he was made a minister in the [[Government of Bihar]] on 20 November 2025.

==Offices held==

* 1985-1986 :- Deputy Mayor, [[Patna Municipal Corporation]]
* 1992-1993 :- Member, [[Bihar Legislative Council]]
* 1993-1996 :- Elected to 10th [[Lok Sabha]] (elected in bye election)
* 1996-1997 :- Re-elected to 11th [[Lok Sabha]] (2nd term)
* 1998-2004 :- Member, [[Bihar Legislative Council]]
* 1998-2005 :- Chairman, Bihar Dharmik Nayas Parishad (Rank equivalent to State Cabinet Minister in [[Government of Bihar]])
* 2004-2009 :- Re-elected to 14th [[Lok Sabha]] (3rd term)
** Member, Standing Committee on Information Technology
** Member, Committee on Security in Parliament Complex
* 5 August 2007 :- Member, Standing Committee on Petroleum & Natural Gas
* 1 May 2008 :- Member, Committee on Public Undertakings
* 2010 - 16 May 2014 :- Elected to [[Rajya Sabha]]
* 2010 :- Member, Committee on Defence
* 2010 :- Member, Consultative Committee for the Ministry of Coal and Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation
* Chairman :- Dr. Ambedkar Institute of Sports and Culture, [[Bihar]]
* 2014-2019 :- Re-elected to 16th [[Lok Sabha]] (4th term)
** 14 August 2014 - 9 November 2014 :- Member, Committee on Estimates
** 1 September 2014 - 9 November 2014 :- Member, Standing Committee on Science & Technology, Environment & Forests
** 1 September 2014 - 9 November 2014 :- Member, Consultative Committee, Ministry of Railways
* 9 November 2014 - 5 July 2016 :- Union Minister of State for [[Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/union-minister-ram-kripal-yadav-drives-e-rickshaw-leaves-119033100427_1.html|title= Union minister Ram Kripal Yadav drives e-rickshaw, leaves|website= Business Standard|date= 31 March 2019|language=en |access-date=2019-03-31}}</ref>
* 5 July 2016 - 25 May 2019 :- Union Minister of State for [[Ministry of Rural Development (India)|Ministry of Rural Department]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2019/mar/31/union-minister-ram-kripal-yadav-drives-e-rickshaw-leaves-patna-residents-bemused-1958403.html|title= Union minister Ram Kripal Yadav drives e-rickshaw, leaves Patna residents bemused|website= News Indian Express|date= 31 March 2019|language=en |access-date=2019-03-31}}</ref>
* May 2019 :- Re-elected to 17th [[Lok Sabha]] (5th term)<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://164.100.47.194/loksabha/members/MemberBioprofile.aspx?mpsno=3832|title= Seventeenth Lok Sabha Members Bioprofile|website= Lok Sabha|language=en |access-date=2021-06-27}}</ref>
* 24 July 2019- 4 June 2024 :- Member, Committee on Public Accounts
* 13 September 2019 - 4 June 2024 :- Member, Standing Committee on Agriculture
* 9 October 2019- 4 June 2024 :- Member, Committee on Subordinate Legislation
* 9 October 2019- 4 June 2024 :- Member, Consultative Committee, Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas
* November 2025 - Elected to [[Bihar Legislative Assembly]]
* 20 November 2025 - present - State cabinet minister in [[Bihar Government]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{Twitter|ramkripalmp}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060207152809/http://164.100.24.208/ls/lsmember/homepage.asp?mpsno=3832 Home Page on the Parliament of India's Website]

{{Cabinet of Narendra Modi}}
{{17th LS members from Bihar}}
{{16th LS members from Bihar|state=expanded}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Yadav, Ram Kripal}}
[[Category:1957 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Politicians from Patna]]
[[Category:India MPs 2004–2009]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Bihar]]
[[Category:Lok Sabha members from Bihar]]
[[Category:India MPs 1991–1996]]
[[Category:India MPs 1996–1997]]
[[Category:India MPs 2014–2019]]
[[Category:Rajya Sabha members from Bihar]]
[[Category:Rashtriya Janata Dal politicians]]
[[Category:Janata Dal politicians]]
[[Category:Narendra Modi ministry]]
[[Category:India MPs 2019–2024]]
[[Category:Magadh University alumni]]
[[Category:Bihar MLAs 2025–2030]]

Pillion

2025-11-06T15:48:50Z

Ferdinand78P: quick cleaned up citations for accuracy further and added references for clarity

{{Short description|Secondary cushion on a two-wheel vehicle}}
{{About||the racehorse|Pillion (horse)|the film|Pillion (film)}}
[[File:Motorcycle.riders.arp.jpg|thumb|upright=1.35|Rider with pillion on a Honda CB600F]]
A '''pillion''' is a secondary pad, cushion, or seat behind the main seat or saddle on a [[motorcycle]] or [[moped]].<ref name="Websters">{{Citation |title=Pillion - Definition and More from the Free Merriam-Webster Dictionary |url=http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/pillion |publisher=[[Merriam-Webster]] |accessdate=2010-02-26}}</ref><ref name="OED">{{Cite web |title=pillion - Definition of Pillion in English by Oxford Dictionaries |url=https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/pillion |url-status=dead |website=[[OxfordDictionaries.com]] |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |accessdate=2019-05-11 |archivedate=2019-05-11 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190511120608/https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/pillion}}</ref><ref name="AHDict">{{Cite web |title=American Heritage Dictionary Entry - pillion |url=https://www.ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=pillion |url-status=live |website=[[American Heritage Dictionary]] |publisher=[[Houghton Mifflin Harcourt]] |accessdate=2019-05-11 |archivedate=2019-05-11 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190511120454/https://www.ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=pillion}}</ref> A passenger in this seat is said to "ride pillion". The word is derived from the [[Scottish Gaelic]] for "little rug", {{Lang|gd|pillean}}, from the Latin {{Lang|la|pellis}}, "animal skin".<ref>{{cite EB1911 |wstitle=Pillion |volume=21 |page=610}}</ref> One or more pelts often were used as a secondary seat on horseback; the usage has carried over to motorcycles.

==Historical references==
Following its retreat from the [[Battle of Dunkirk]] (where it is reputed that enough equipment was left behind to equip about eight to ten divisions), the British Army introduced a requirement that all officers up to the rank of colonel should be proficient in the use of the motorcycle, and all officers holding the rank of [[brigadier]] were required to be able to ride pillion. These requirements came about as a result of the large number of motor cars that were lost in action. The requirement for riding pillion was quietly dropped as large numbers of [[jeep]]s came into service in the middle of the war.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Whitaker|first=Denis |title=Dieppe: Tragedy to Triumph|year=1992|publisher=L. Cooper|isbn=0075513854}}</ref>{{Page needed|date=October 2024}}

==Other terminology==
"Riding two up" and "riding double" are common North American phrases for riding with a passenger.

"Riding bitch" is a vulgar American expression to denote sitting between two other people in a car or truck, where the transmission housing often forms a hump in the front or back analogous to a pillion. "Bitch seat" and "bitch pad" are North American slang for the pillion on a motorcycle; "riding bitch" is North American slang for "riding pillion".<ref>{{Citation |last=Green |first=Jonathon |title=Cassell's dictionary of slang |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5GpLcC4a5fAC&dq=%22bitch+seat&pg=PA1191 |pages=1190–1191 |year=2005 |edition=2nd |publisher=[[Sterling Publishing Company]] |isbn=0-304-36636-6 |accessdate=2010-09-03}}</ref><ref name="Dalzell2006">{{Citation |last1=Partridge |first1=Eric |title=The New Partridge Dictionary of Slang and Unconventional English: A-I Volume 1 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4YfsEgHLjboC&dq=%22bitch+pad&pg=PA166 |page=166 |year=2006 |publisher=[[Taylor & Francis]] |isbn=0-415-25937-1 |last2=Dalzell |first2=Tom |last3=Victor |first3=Terry |accessdate=2010-09-03}}</ref><ref name="Veno2010">{{Citation |last=Veno |first=Arthur |title=The Brotherhoods: Inside the Outlaw Motorcycle Clubs |page=257 |year=2010 |edition=3rd |publisher=[[Allen & Unwin]] |isbn=978-1-74237-122-1}}</ref>

In the Philippines, riding pillion is called "riding in tandem".

==Licensing and restrictions==
To carry a pillion passenger in the United Kingdom, one must hold a full licence for the vehicle and there must also be a proper seat and foot pegs for the passenger. In the UK, a motorcyclist is not allowed to carry more than one pillion passenger, who must sit astride the machine on a proper seat; it is forbidden to carry a pillion passenger on a motorcycle that has not been designed to do so.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rules for motorcyclists (83 to 88) - The Highway Code - Guidance - GOV.UK |url=https://www.gov.uk/rules-motorcyclists-83-to-88/general-guidance-83-to-88 |website=www.gov.uk}}</ref>

In Australia, vehicle operators must have held their licence (not including a learner's permit) for a minimum of one year before being legally allowed to carry a passenger where physically possible, following the upgrade to the required licence class. For example, in [[New South Wales]], one must carry a Provisional 2 (Green) licence before being allowed to carry a pillion passenger.

Pillion-riding is associated with terrorist or criminal attacks in some South Asian countries. In Pakistan, for instance, pillion riding is often banned by local authorities around sensitive times, such as the [[Day of Ashura|Ashura]] commemoration, when there have been violent attacks on worshippers.<ref>{{Cite news |date=February 18, 2004 |title=Pillion riding banned in Peshawar |url=http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=story_18-2-2004_pg7_29 |accessdate=2007-11-23}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=August 19, 2012 |title=Rangers' powers extended; pillion riding banned |work=Daily Times |location=Pakistan |url=http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2012\08\19\story_19-8-2012_pg1_2 |url-status=dead |accessdate=2012-08-19 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131014100211/http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2012%5C04%5C16%5Cstory_16-4-2012_pg2_14 |archivedate=October 14, 2013}}</ref>

In the Philippines where policemen are already routinely checking motorcycle riders in response to increased incidence of crimes such as murder and robbery committed using a motorcycle, some cities are already considering ban on pillion riding, known as "riding in tandem" in the country.<ref>{{Cite news |date=December 6, 2012 |title=Manila ordinance pushes ban on 'riding in tandem' |work=Philippine Daily Inquirer |url=http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/319705/manila-ordinance-pushes-ban-on-riding-in-tandem |accessdate=2017-09-17}}</ref> Some cities, such as [[Mandaluyong]], has already enforced a ban on pillion riding unless the driver and pillion passenger are married or biologically related.<ref>{{Cite news |date=July 25, 2014 |title=Ordinance bans riding in tandem in Mandaluyong except for family |work=GMA News |url=http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/news/metro/371995/ordinance-bans-riding-in-tandem-in-mandaluyong-except-for-family/story/ |accessdate=2017-09-17}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{wiktionary|pillion}}

[[Category:Motorcycle technology]]
[[Category:Equestrianism]]

Kalim Ajiz

2025-10-16T17:06:26Z

Ferdinand78P: adding new bio

{{Short description|Indian writer of Urdu literature (1920–2015)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2017}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Kalim Ajiz
| image = Kalim Ahmed Ajiz.jpeg
| imagesize =
| caption =
| birth_date = 1920
| birth_place = [[Telhara, Nalanda district|Telhara]], [[Nalanda district]], [[Bihar and Orissa Province]] (present-day [[Bihar]], India)
| death_date = {{Circa}}{{death date and age|2015|02|14|1920|df=y}}
| death_place = [[Hazaribagh]], Jharkhand, India
| restingplace = Rajabazar, Samanpura, Patna district, Bihar, India
| restingplacecoordinates = {{Coord|25.13348|N|85.105371|E}}
| othername =
| occupation = Urdu poet
| alma_mater = [[Patna University]]
| yearsactive =
| known for = Ghazals
| spouse =
| notable_works = 'Wo Jo Shayri Ka Sabab Huwa' (from the book: Evolution of Urdu Literature in Bihar)
| domesticpartner =
| children =
| parents =
| awards = [[Padma Shri]] Award in Literature & Education (1989)
}}
'''Kalim Ahmed Ajiz''' (1920 – {{Circa}} 14 February 2015<ref name=MG>{{Cite news|title=KALEEM “AAJIZ” obituary|url=https://www.milligazette.com/news/1-community-news/11924-kaleem-aajiz/ |date=17 March 2015|access-date=2025-01-27|newspaper=The Milli Gazette newspaper|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240714193108/https://www.milligazette.com/news/1-community-news/11924-kaleem-aajiz/|url-status=dead|archive-date=14 July 2024}}</ref>) was an Indian writer of [[Urdu literature]] and a [[poet]]. He was an academic and the chairman of the Urdu Advisory Committee of the [[Government of Bihar]]. He served the [[Urdu language]] all his life and was widely considered a classical poet of the school of poet [[Mir Taqi Mir]]. He received the [[Padma Shri]] award in literature and education by the [[Government of India]] in 1989.

==Awards and recognition==
He was a recipient of the fourth highest Indian civilian honour of [[Padma Shri]] from the [[Government of India]] in 1989.<ref name="Padma Shri">{{cite web |url=http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf|title=Padma Shri Awards List (!954 - 2013) (read under the year 1989)|publisher=Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India website|date=2015 |access-date=27 January 2025|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151015193758/http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf|archive-date=15 October 2015}}</ref><ref name=MG/><ref name="Renowned Urdu poet from Patna Dr. Kalim Ahmed Ajiz is no more" />

==Early life and career==
Kalim Ajiz was born in 1920 at [[Telhara, Nalanda district]], a small village in [[Nalanda district]] of the Indian state of [[Bihar]]. He secured his graduate and master's degrees in [[Urdu literature|Urdu]] from [[Patna University]] after which he obtained his doctoral degree in 1965.<ref name=MG/><ref name="Kaleem Ajiz speaks about poetic career">{{cite news|url=http://www.saudigazette.com.sa/index.cfm?method=home.regcon&contentid=20140812214391| title=Kaleem Ajiz speaks about poetic career|newspaper=Saudi Gazette newspaper|date=2 July 2015|access-date=27 January 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924123831/http://www.saudigazette.com.sa/index.cfm?method=home.regcon&contentid=20140812214391|archive-date=24 September 2015|author=Muhammad Mujahid Syed|url-status=dead}}</ref> His doctoral thesis, ''Evolution of Urdu Literature in Bihar'',<ref name=MG/> has since been published as a book.<ref name="Renowned Urdu poet from Patna Dr. Kalim Ahmed Ajiz is no more">{{cite web| url=https://twocircles.net/2015feb16/1424027188.html#.VZVGqfmSxAB | title=Renowned Urdu poet from Patna Dr. Kalim Ahmed Ajiz is no more |website=TwoCircles.net website|date=16 February 2015|access-date=27 January 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150703114406/https://twocircles.net/2015feb16/1424027188.html#.VZZ1i-DP1qa|archive-date=3 July 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Aajiz continued his association with Patna University by joining the institution as a member of its [[Urdu]] language faculty.<ref name=MG/><ref name="Legendary Urdu poet Dr Kalim Aajiz passes away">{{cite news|url=http://muslimmirror.com/eng/legendry-urdu-poet-dr-kalim-ajiz-passes-away/ |title=Legendary Urdu poet Dr Kalim Ajiz passes away|newspaper=Muslim Mirror newspaper|date=16 February 2015|access-date=27 January 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150703172004/http://muslimmirror.com/eng/legendry-urdu-poet-dr-kalim-ajiz-passes-away/ |archive-date=3 July 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> and retired as a professor of the department.<ref name="Dr. Ajiz">{{cite web|url=http://urduyouthforum.org/biography/biography-Kaleem-Ajiz.html|title=Profile of Kalim Ajiz|website=Urdu Youth Forum (Bihar, India)|date=2015|access-date=27 January 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150321072534/http://urduyouthforum.org/biography/biography-Kaleem-Ajiz.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=21 March 2015}}</ref> After retirement, he was appointed as the Chairman of the Urdu Advisory Committee, [[Government of Bihar]], a post he held till his death.<ref name="Renowned Urdu poet from Patna Dr. Kalim Ahmed Ajiz is no more" />

Aajiz began writing poems at the age of 17 and started appearing in [[mushaira]]s from 1949.<ref name="Renowned Urdu poet from Patna Dr. Kalim Ahmed Ajiz is no more" /> His first book of ghazals was published in 1976 and the book was released at [[Vigyan Bhawan]] by the then President of India, [[Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed]].<ref name="Renowned Urdu poet from Patna Dr. Kalim Ahmed Ajiz is no more" /> This was followed by several publications such as ''Jub Fasle Baharan Aai Thi'' (When the spring arrived),<ref name="Kaleem Ajiz speaks about poetic career" /> ''Woh Jo Shayri Ka Sabab Hua'', ''Jab Fasl Bahar Aayei Thi'' and ''Jahan Khushboo Hi Khusboo Thi''.<ref name="Renowned Urdu poet from Patna Dr. Kalim Ahmed Ajiz is no more" /> His mushairas have been hosted in many places including Dallas, US.<ref name="Urdu Mushaira held in Dallas">{{cite web|url=https://www.geo.tv/article-169906-Urdu-Mushaira-held-in-Dallas|title=Urdu Mushaira held in Dallas |website=Geo TV News website|date=26 December 2014|author=Raja Zahid Akhtar Khanzada|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170904152803/https://www.geo.tv/latest/77016-urdu-mushaira-held-in-dallas|url-status=dead|archive-date=4 September 2017|access-date=27 January 2025}}</ref>

==Publications==
Kalim Ajiz was an author of more than a dozen books of poetry, prose, essays, travelogue and autobiography.<ref name=MG/>
Kalim's literary works include:<ref>{{cite web |title=Kalīm Aḥmad ʻĀjiz 1924-2015 |url=https://www.worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n84074283/ |publisher=WorldCat |access-date=22 February 2023}}</ref>
* ''Abhī sun lo mujh se''
* ''Daftar-i gum gashtah : Bihār men̲ Urdū shāʻirī kā irtiqā''
* ''Dil se jo bāta nikalī g̲h̲azal ho gayi'' (selection of poetry in Hindi)/ edited by Mohd. Zakir Hussain, Vani Prakashan Publisher, New Delhi; 1st edition (1 January 2014)
* ''Jab faṣl-i bahārān̲ āʼī thī'' (When the spring arrived) (1976)<ref name=MG/><ref name="Renowned Urdu poet from Patna Dr. Kalim Ahmed Ajiz is no more" />
* ''Jahan Khushboo Hi Khushboo Thi'' (Where There Was Plenty of Fragrance)<ref name="Renowned Urdu poet from Patna Dr. Kalim Ahmed Ajiz is no more" />
* ''Kūcah-yi jānān̲ jānān̲''
* ''Majlis-i Adab ''
* '''Vuh jo shāʻirī kā sabab huʻā '' (wrote this book of poetry after seeing deaths of 22 members of his immediate family during the communal riots of 1947 [[Partition of India]]).<ref name=MG/><ref name="Renowned Urdu poet from Patna Dr. Kalim Ahmed Ajiz is no more" />

==Death and legacy==
Aajiz, who had four sons and two daughters,<ref name=MG/><ref name="Renowned Urdu poet from Patna Dr. Kalim Ahmed Ajiz is no more" /> died on 14 February 2015 at [[Hazaribagh]] in [[Jharkhand]], at the age of 94.<ref name="Renowned Urdu poet from Patna Dr. Kalim Ahmed Ajiz is no more" /> After the funeral at [[Gandhi Maidan|Gandhi Maidan, Patna]] which was attended to by thousands of people. He was buried at [[Telhara, Nalanda district|Telhara]], his native place.<ref name="Renowned Urdu poet from Patna Dr. Kalim Ahmed Ajiz is no more" />

[[Firaq Gorakhpuri]], another Urdu poet, sent him a message while lying on his deathbed in 1982, in which he respectfully said that he felt jealous of Kalim Aajiz due to the ease in which Kalim Aajiz could express his thoughts through his verses.<ref name="Renowned Urdu poet from Patna Dr. Kalim Ahmed Ajiz is no more" /><ref name="afkar">{{Cite book|title=Afkar-e-Alam, Volume 1|author =Nizamuddin Asir Adrawi|author-link =Nizamuddin Asir Adrawi|publisher=Shaykhul Hind Academy, [[Darul Uloom Deoband]]}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Fuzail Ahmad Nasiri]]
* [[Ghazal]]

{{portal|India|Literature}}

==References==
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}

==External links==
* {{cite web | url=https://ghalibayaz.wordpress.com/category/ilhaami-aayaat/kalim-ajiz/ | title=Urdu Ghazals by Kalim Ajiz |publisher=Ghalib Ayaz}}
* [https://www.awazthevoice.in/culture-news/when-badri-narain-gupta-came-to-save-kalim-aajiz-s-house-9758.html When Badri Narain Gupta came to save Kalim Aajiz's house by Saquib Salim - Awaz The Voice]

{{Padma Shri Award Recipients in Literature & Education}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Aajiz, Kalim}}
[[Category:1920 births]]
[[Category:2015 deaths]]
[[Category:Educators from Bihar]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian Muslims]]
[[Category:Indian male poets]]
[[Category:Urdu-language Indian poets]]
[[Category:People from Nalanda district]]
[[Category:Patna University alumni]]
[[Category:Academic staff of Patna University]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian poets]]
[[Category:Poets from Bihar]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male writers]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri]]

Karimnagar Police Commissionerate

2025-10-12T17:24:13Z

Ferdinand78P: minor enhance layout for accuracy and added references per sources

{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2019}}
{{Infobox law enforcement agency
|agencyname = Karimnagar Police Commissionerate
|commonname = Karimnagar City Police
|abbreviation =
|logo =
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|imagesize =
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|superseding =
|employees = [[Commissioner of Police]] [[Deputy commissioner]] Additional Deputy Commissioners Police [[Inspector]]s Assistant Police Inspectors Sub Inspectors
|volunteers =
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|country = India
|countryabbr =
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|governingbody = Government of Telangana
|governingbodyscnd =
|police = yes
|local = yes
|headquarters = [[Karimnagar]], [[Telangana]], {{flag|India}}
|chief1position = Commissioner of Police
|parentagency = [[Telangana State Police]]
| chief1name = GAUSH ALAM [[I.P.S]]<ref>https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/telangana/gaush-alam-assumes-charge-as-new-karimnagar-police-commissioner/article69309665.ece</ref>
|stationtype =
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}}

'''Karimnagar Police Commissionerate''' is a city [[police force]] with primary responsibilities in law enforcement and investigation within [[Karimnagar]] area.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/Khammam-made-police-commissionerate/article15478095.ece|title=Khammam made police commissionerate|newspaper=The Hindu |date=10 October 2016|via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/godavarikhani-karimnagar-police-commissionerates-to-open-116101000708_1.html|title=Godavarikhani, Karimnagar Police Commissionerates to open|agency=Press Trust of India|date=10 October 2016|via=Business Standard}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Telangana}}
{{Law enforcement in India}}

[[Category:Telangana Police]]
[[Category:2016 establishments in Telangana]]
[[Category:Government agencies established in 2016]]
[[Category:Karimnagar district]]

{{India-law-stub}}

Sawma Rabba

2025-10-04T22:04:17Z

Ferdinand78P: Put up some pg from scratch!

{{Short description|Eastern rite Christian liturgical season}}
{{about|the East Syriac Christian Liturgical Calendar|Great Fast|Great Lent|}}
{{Infobox holiday
|holiday_name = Season of Great Fast
|image =Sawma Rabba.jpg

|caption = Icon depicting the theme of Season of Great Fast
|nickname =
|observedby = [[East Syriac Rite|East Syriac Christian]]s
|date =
|observances = [[Church service]]s
|type = [[Christianity|Christian]], cultural
|significance = Commemoration of the [[Temptation of Christ|40 days fasting]] and [[Crucifixion of Jesus|Crucifixion]] of Jesus
|relatedto = [[Good Friday]], [[Maundy Thursday|Thursday of Pesha]], [[Great Lent|Great Fast]], [[Syro Malabar Church]]
|duration = 50 days
|frequency=Annual
|begins= 50 days before [[Easter|Resurrection Sunday]]
|scheduling=Christmas day of week-based
}}
{{Liturgical year}}
'''Sawma Rabba''' ([[Syriac language|Syriac]]: ܨܲܘܡܵܐ ܪܲܒܵܐ) is the [[East Syriac Rite|East Syriac]] liturgical season that begins seven weeks before Easter, falling during [[Great Lent]], and culminates on [[Easter|Resurrection Sunday]]. It begins with ''Pētūrtta'' Sunday and extends precisely seven weeks until Easter. Among the descendant Churches of the [[Church of the East in India]], the Sawma Rabba is popularly known as the Fifty days' fast, since Resurrection Sunday occurs at its fiftieth day.<ref>{{Cite web|title = Syro-Malabar Catechetical season|url = http://www.syromalabarcatechesis.com/home/season/4|access-date = 2021-07-08|archive-date = 2021-07-09|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210709183657/http://www.syromalabarcatechesis.com/home/season/4|url-status = dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title= FASTING AND GREAT LENT|url=https://news.assyrianchurch.org/fasting-and-great-lent/}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}
[[Category:Lent]]
[[Category:Syro-Malabar Church]]
[[Category:Church of the East in India]]

Bengal Nagpur Railway FC

2025-10-03T01:48:54Z

Ferdinand78P: New a data

{{Short description|Indian institutional football club}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2023}}
{{infobox football club
| clubname = Bengal Nagpur Railway
| image =
| image_size =
| fullname = Bengal Nagpur Railway Football Club
| nickname =
| short name = BNR<ref>{{cite web|first=Somnath|last=Sengupta|url=http://www.thehardtackle.com/index.php/aryan-club-rising-from-the-ashes/|title=Aryan Club — Rising From the Ashes|date=16 December 2010|website=thehardtackle.com|publisher=The Hard Tackle|access-date=21 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114063049/http://www.thehardtackle.com/2010/aryan-club-rising-from-the-ashes/|archive-date=14 January 2012}}</ref>
| founded = {{start date and age|df=yes|1929}} (as ''Bengal Nagpur Railway Recreation Club'')<ref>{{cite web|first=Hans|last=Schöggl|url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablesi/indiafound.html|title=India — List of Foundation Dates|website=[[RSSSF]]|access-date=17 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211023194819/http://www.rsssf.com/tablesi/indiafound.html|archive-date=23 October 2021}}</ref>
| ground = Various
| capacity =
| owner = South Eastern Railway
| chairman = P. Mishra<ref>{{cite web|url=https://bnrclub.com/executive-body/|title=EXECUTIVE BODY|work=BNR Club|accessdate=10 October 2022|archive-date=11 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221011140423/https://bnrclub.com/executive-body/|url-status=live}}</ref>
| mgrtitle = Head coach
| manager =
| league = [[Calcutta Football League|Calcutta First Division]]
| season =
| position =
| current =
| pattern_la1 =
| pattern_b1 =
| pattern_ra1 =
| pattern_so1 =
| leftarm1 =
| body1 =
| rightarm1 =
| shorts1 =
| socks1 =
| pattern_la2 =
| pattern_b2 =
| pattern_ra2 =
| pattern_so2 =
| shorts2 =
| website = {{URL|https://bnrclub.com/}}
}}

'''Bengal Nagpur Railway Football Club'''<ref>{{Cite web|first=Josef|last=Bobrowsky|title=India tournaments 1991 – Calcutta Premier League|url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablesi/india91.html|date=22 March 2002|access-date=20 December 2021|website=[[RSSSF]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030707094528/http://www.rsssf.com/tablesi/india91.html|archive-date=7 July 2003}}</ref> (also known as '''BNR Recreation Club''')<ref>{{cite web|url=http://footballnewsindia.in/2015/08/04/calcutta-football-league-officers-choice-blue-title-sponsor/|title=CALCUTTA FOOTBALL LEAGUE – OFFICER'S CHOICE BLUE TO BE THE TITLE SPONSOR|location=Kolkata|website=Football News India|date=4 August 2015|access-date=7 October 2022|archive-date=10 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221010165728/http://footballnewsindia.in/2015/08/04/calcutta-football-league-officers-choice-blue-title-sponsor/}}</ref> is an Indian institutional [[association football|football]] club based in [[Kolkata]], [[West Bengal]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Mukherjee |first1=Soham |title=1960–1965: When Chuni Goswami & co propelled Mohun Bagan to the zenith of success |url=https://www.goal.com/en/news/1960s-mohun-bagan-chuni-goswami-trophies-indian-football/1utzzq9j0icvgze2iw9ple0p1 |website=Goal |access-date=26 August 2020 |date=30 April 2020 |archive-date=7 December 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201207100844/https://www.goal.com/en/news/1960s-mohun-bagan-chuni-goswami-trophies-indian-football/1utzzq9j0icvgze2iw9ple0p1 }}</ref> Founded in 1929, the club competes in the Premier Division B of the [[Calcutta Football League]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablesi/india85.html#calc|title=India 1985 – Regional Leagues: Calcutta League|website=[[RSSSF]]|date=30 May 2013|first1=Ian|last1=King|first2=Neil|last2=Morrison|first3=Piet|last3=Veroeveren|first4=Mark|last4=Cruickshank|archive-date=7 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221007120420/https://www.rsssf.org/tablesi/india85.html}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://ifawb.org/clubs/|title=IFAWB Clubs: Men's Division — CFL|website=ifawb.org|publisher=[[Indian Football Association]]|access-date=6 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221009123425/https://ifawb.org/clubs/|archive-date=9 October 2022}}</ref>

==History==
The Bengal Nagpur Railway Recreation Club was established in 1929 as the recreational arm of [[Bengal Nagpur Railway]] (BNR), now known as [[South Eastern Railway Zone|South Eastern Railway]] (one of the companies credited for pioneering the development of railways in eastern and central India).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ser.indianrailways.gov.in/view_section.jsp?lang=0&id=0,1 |title=Major Events in the Formation of S.E. Railway |publisher=South Eastern Railway |access-date=2012-02-19 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130401151628/http://www.ser.indianrailways.gov.in/view_section.jsp?lang=0&id=0%2C1 |archive-date=2013-04-01 }}</ref> The BNR Club was associated with numerous sports including football, cricket, field hockey and water polo.<ref name="bnr">{{cite web|url=https://bnrclub.com/about-us/|title=BNR RECREATION CLUB IN A NUT SHELL|work=BNR Club|accessdate=10 October 2022|archive-date=11 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221011140423/https://bnrclub.com/about-us/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=BNR headquarters in Garden Reach: Colonial glory by the Hooghly|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/my-kolkata/places/south-eastern-railway-complex-in-garden-reach-referred-to-as-bnr-headquarters-has-historical-significance/cid/1867006|last=Dutta|first=Rangan|date=26 May 2022|website=The Telegraph|access-date=9 October 2022|archive-date=11 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221011140423/https://www.telegraphindia.com/my-kolkata/places/south-eastern-railway-complex-in-garden-reach-referred-to-as-bnr-headquarters-has-historical-significance/cid/1867006}}</ref>

BNR reached the first division of [[Calcutta Football League]] in 1949 and as an institutional team was a force to reckon in Kolkata football during their golden period in the 1960s. They won prestigious [[IFA Shield]] in 1963,<ref name="bnr"/> and ended up as runners-up in 1966.<ref>{{cite web|date=2 February 2023|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/sports/football/former-india-star-parimal-dey-passes-away/cid/1913717|location=Kolkata|title=Former India star Parimal Dey passes away|work=The Telegraph|access-date=3 February 2023|archive-date=2 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230202192606/https://www.telegraphindia.com/sports/football/former-india-star-parimal-dey-passes-away/cid/1913717}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=PTI|date=1 February 2023|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/top-stories/indias-merdeka-cup-bronze-medal-winning-hero-parimal-dey-dies/articleshow/97523882.cms?from=mdr|title=India's Merdeka Cup bronze-medal winning hero Parimal Dey dies|website=timesofindia.indiatimes.com|publisher=The Times of India|access-date=3 February 2023|archive-date=2 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230202192608/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/top-stories/indias-merdeka-cup-bronze-medal-winning-hero-parimal-dey-dies/articleshow/97523882.cms?from=mdr}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=1 February 2023|url=https://www.the-aiff.com/article/aiff-condoles-the-demise-of-former-india-international-parimal-dey|title=AIFF condoles the demise of former India International Parimal Dey|website=the-aiff.com|publisher=All India Football Federation|access-date=3 February 2023|archive-date=2 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230202192609/https://www.the-aiff.com/article/aiff-condoles-the-demise-of-former-india-international-parimal-dey}}</ref> and [[Rovers Cup]] in 1964–65.<ref name="bnr"/> They also achieved success at the 1967 [[Durand Cup]], by finishing as runners-up. The club later took part in 1985 IFA Shield, where they faced noted Uruguayan club [[Centro Atlético Fénix]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablesi/india85.html#ifashield|title=India 1985 – Regional Leagues: IFA Shield|website=[[RSSSF]]|date=30 May 2013|first1=Ian|last1=King|first2=Neil|last2=Morrison|first3=Piet|last3=Veroeveren|first4=Mark|last4=Cruickshank|archive-date=7 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221007120420/https://www.rsssf.org/tablesi/india85.html#ifashield}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://threadreaderapp.com/thread/1680138656089255937.html|title=𝐓𝐇𝐑𝐎𝐖𝐁𝐀𝐂𝐊 {{!}} 𝐖𝐡𝐞𝐧 𝐄𝐚𝐬𝐭 𝐁𝐞𝐧𝐠𝐚𝐥 𝐅𝐂 𝐚𝐥𝐦𝐨𝐬𝐭 𝐩𝐮𝐥𝐥𝐞𝐝 𝐚 𝐦𝐢𝐫𝐚𝐜𝐥𝐞 𝐚𝐠𝐚𝐢𝐧𝐬𝐭 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐒𝐨𝐮𝐭𝐡 𝐀𝐦𝐞𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐥 𝐜𝐥𝐮𝐛 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐜𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐲!|website=threadreaderapp.com|date=16 July 2023|access-date=16 July 2023|publisher=@ebfchistory (East Bengal Club official fanbase)|archive-date=16 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230716052759/https://threadreaderapp.com/thread/1680138656089255937.html}}</ref> The club was later briefly managed by legendary Indian footballer [[Tulsidas Balaram]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.getbengal.com/details/olympian-tulsidas-balaram-the-once-don-of-maidan-soccer-is-no-more|title=Olympian Tulsidas Balaram, the once don of Maidan soccer is no more|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230402004749/https://www.getbengal.com/details/olympian-tulsidas-balaram-the-once-don-of-maidan-soccer-is-no-more|archive-date=2 April 2023|access-date=20 February 2023|date=16 February 2023|website=getbengal.com|publisher=Get Bengal Information Desk|location=Kolkata}}</ref> Later in the 1990s, BNR consecutively appeared in Super Division of the CFL, playing home matches at the Rabindra Sarobar Stadium.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/sports/bnr-shock-tollygunge/cid/1223761|title=BNR SHOCK TOLLYGUNGE|website=telegraphindia.com|publisher=[[The Telegraph (India)|The Telegraph India]]|location=Kolkata|date=12 July 1999|access-date=15 October 2022|archive-date=30 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231230055450/https://www.telegraphindia.com/sports/bnr-shock-tollygunge/cid/1223761}}</ref>

==Ownership==
{{Main|Bengal Nagpur Railway}}

==Notable players==

===Association football===
Notable players who have played for the Bengal Nagpur Railway FC include [[Sheoo Mewalal]],<ref>{{cite web |title= Sahu Mewalal passes away |url= http://www.telegraphindia.com/1081228/jsp/sports/story_10311187.jsp |publisher= The Telegraph — Calcutta |date= 28 December 2008 |access-date= 28 December 2008 |archive-date= 30 December 2008 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20081230145437/http://telegraphindia.com/1081228/jsp/sports/story_10311187.jsp |url-status= dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://ifawb.org/sheoo-mewala/|title=Player: Sheoo Mewalal|website=ifawb.com|publisher=[[Indian Football Association]]|location=Kolkata|access-date=6 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221127195136/https://ifawb.org/sheoo-mewala/|archive-date=27 November 2022}}</ref><ref name="tht1">{{cite web |author= Sengupta, Somnath |title= Legends Of Indian Football : Sheoo Mewalal |url= http://www.thehardtackle.com/2012/legends-of-indian-football-sheoo-mewalal/ |website= thehardtackle.com |date= 27 December 2012 |access-date= 20 October 2014 |archive-date= 28 October 2014 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20141028130451/http://www.thehardtackle.com/2012/legends-of-indian-football-sheoo-mewalal/ }}</ref> [[Tulsidas Balaram]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.the-aiff.com/article/aiff-condoles-the-demise-of-tulsidas-balaram|title=AIFF condoles the demise of Tulsidas Balaram|first=Media Team|last=AIFF|website=the-aiff.com|publisher=[[All India Football Federation]]|date=16 February 2023|access-date=16 February 2023|location=New Delhi|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230216161259/https://www.the-aiff.com/article/aiff-condoles-the-demise-of-tulsidas-balaram|archive-date=16 February 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=12 May 2021|title=SportMob – Best Indian football players of all time|url=https://sportmob.com/en/article/967888-Best-Indian-football-players-of-all-time|access-date=28 January 2022|website=SportMob.com|archive-date=9 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220809100523/https://sportmob.com/en/article/967888-Best-Indian-football-players-of-all-time}}</ref> [[Arun Ghosh]], [[K. Appalaraju]],<ref>{{cite web|title=Football — the passion play in Kolkata|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/football--the-passion-play-in-kolkata/211371-55.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120111155154/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/football--the-passion-play-in-kolkata/211371-55.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=11 January 2012|website=ibnlive.in|publisher=IBN Live|date=13 December 2011|access-date=11 August 2014}}</ref> Rajendra Mohan, [[Samar Banerjee]],<ref>{{Cite web|title=Samar 'Badru' Banerjee – The man who captained Indian football team at Olympics 1956 no more|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/football/story/samar-badru-banerjee-the-man-who-captained-indian-football-team-at-olympics-1956-no-more-1990274-2022-08-20|date=20 August 2022|website=indiatoday.com|publisher=India Today|access-date=2022-10-09|archive-date=2022-08-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220820053208/https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/football/story/samar-badru-banerjee-the-man-who-captained-indian-football-team-at-olympics-1956-no-more-1990274-2022-08-20}}</ref> Chandreshwar Prasad,<ref>{{cite web |title=Indian Football "HALL OF FAME": CHANDRESHWAR PRASAD|url=http://indianfootball.de/data/halloffame/prasad_chandreshwar.html |website=indianfootball.de |publisher=IndianFootball |date=2005 |access-date=30 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160805093206/http://indianfootball.de/data/halloffame/prasad_chandreshwar.html |archive-date=5 August 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Mihir Bose,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://thehardtackle.com/2013/lack-of-focus-on-youth-development-is-biggest-problem-of-indian-football-arun-ghosh-exclusive-interview/|date=23 August 2013|access-date=26 August 2022|website=thehardtackle.com|publisher=The Hard Tackle|title="Lack of Focus on Youth Development Is The Biggest Problem of Indian Football" – Arun Ghosh (Exclusive Interview)|first1=Somnath|last1=Sengupta|first2=Aindrila|last2=Ghosh|first3=Bhaktimoy|last3=Sengupta|location=Kolkata|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220127020642/http://www.thehardtackle.com/2013/lack-of-focus-on-youth-development-is-biggest-problem-of-indian-football-arun-ghosh-exclusive-interview/|archive-date=27 January 2022}}</ref> Sudip Chatterjee.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.goaldentimes.org/maidan-masters-sudip-chatterjee/|title=Maidan Masters – Sudip Chatterjee : "During an era when East Bengal, Mohun Bagan, and Mohammedan Sporting ruled Bengal and Indian football, Sudip was one of the rare Bengal-based footballers selected to represent India before playing for any of these clubs. "|last=|first=|date=11 October 2014|website=Goaldentimes.org|accessdate=15 February 2015|archive-date=20 July 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150720050857/http://www.goaldentimes.org/maidan-masters-sudip-chatterjee/}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|website=thehindu.com|publisher=The Hindu News|agency=PTI|url=http://www.hindu.com/2006/09/19/stories/2006091910121800.htm|archive-date=9 November 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071109113231/http://www.hindu.com/2006/09/19/stories/2006091910121800.htm|title=The Hindu : Sport / Football : Sudip Chatterjee passes away|date=19 September 2006|location=Kolkata|access-date=25 September 2021}}</ref> Among them, Appalaraju emerged as top scorer of the CFL in 1959 with BNR.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablesi/india59.html#calc|title=India 1959 – List of Champions: Calcutta League|website=[[RSSSF]]|date=26 January 2022|first=Neil|last=Morrison|archive-date=7 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221007121452/https://www.rsssf.org/tablesi/india59.html}}</ref> Indian coach [[Amal Dutta]] also appeared with BNR; he later managed the team too.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://eisamay.com/sports/football/news/-/articleshow/53151338.cms|title=মুছে গেল হীরকের দ্যুতি|website=eisamay.com|publisher=Ei Samay Newspaper|location=Kolkata|trans-title=The light of the diamond disappeared|date=11 July 2016|access-date=28 November 2023|language=bn|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231230035839/https://eisamay.com/sports/football/news/-/articleshow/53151338.cms|archive-date=30 December 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.anandabazar.com/sports/legendary-diamond-coach-of-indian-football-amal-dutta-passes-away-1.432067|first1=Ratan|last1=Chakraborty|title=চলে গেলেন বাঙালিকে বিশ্ব ফুটবলের স্বাদ দেওয়ার জনক|website=anandabazar.com|publisher=Anandabazar Patrika|location=Kolkata|trans-title=The father who gave Bengalis a taste of world football has passed away|date=11 July 2016|access-date=28 November 2023|language=bn|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231024170204/https://www.anandabazar.com/sports/legendary-diamond-coach-of-indian-football-amal-dutta-passes-away-1.432067|archive-date=24 October 2023}}</ref> Former [[Pakistan national football team|Pakistani]] international Tarapada Ray, who later gained Indian citizenship, also appeared with the club.<ref>{{cite web|first=Parijat|last=Moitra|url=https://facebook.com/307603873267894/posts/556285145066431/|title=ইস্টবেঙ্গল ক্লাবের প্রথম বাঙালি বিদেশি ফুটবলার|trans-title=The first foreign Bengali player of East Bengal Club|website=facebook.com (East Bengal Samachar)|language=bn|date=24 June 2020|access-date=8 September 2021|archive-date=24 February 2023|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20230224150255/https://www.facebook.com/307603873267894/posts/556285145066431/?paipv=0&eav=Afb31DfgUefsrKS4w5mvEX9nR-SfruLZgtL1grsX6IqtQCLRfZ3eW6xxqVgrAF04Cek&_rdr}}</ref>

===Field hockey===
* {{flagicon|British India}} [[Leslie Claudius]] – member of Indian hockey team that won the gold medals at the [[Field hockey at the 1948 Summer Olympics|1948]], [[Field hockey at the 1952 Summer Olympics|1952]] and [[Field hockey at the 1956 Summer Olympics|1956]], and silver medal at the [[Field hockey at the 1960 Summer Olympics|1960]] Summer Olympic Games.<ref>{{cite news |title= Leslie Claudius Profile |url= http://www.iloveindia.com/sports/hockey/players/leslie-claudius.html |publisher= Iloveindia |access-date= 22 July 2013 |archive-date= 31 July 2013 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130731091118/http://www.iloveindia.com/sports/hockey/players/leslie-claudius.html }}</ref><ref>{{cite Sports-Reference |url=https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/cl/leslie-claudius-1.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200417235310/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/cl/leslie-claudius-1.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=17 April 2020 |access-date=20 December 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Hockey legend Leslie Claudius passes away|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/sport/report_hockey-legend-leslie-claudius-passes-away_1779845|date=20 Dec 2012|agency=PTI|newspaper=DNA India|access-date=2012-12-20|archive-date=24 December 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121224025337/http://www.dnaindia.com/sport/report_hockey-legend-leslie-claudius-passes-away_1779845}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://home.123india.com/alokghosh/Heritage/Our%20Sportsmen.htm|title=OUR SPORTSMEN|website=123india.com|access-date=27 September 2007|archive-date=27 September 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927210527/http://home.123india.com/alokghosh/Heritage/Our%20Sportsmen.htm}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |title= Football's envy, hockey's pride |url= http://www.tssonnet.com/tss2903/stories/20060121000906600.htm |magazine= Sportstar |access-date= 22 July 2013 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20071006094745/http://www.tssonnet.com/tss2903/stories/20060121000906600.htm |archive-date= 6 October 2007 |url-status= usurped }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/story/leslie-Claudius-hockey-Olympics-hockey-gold-medal-London-Indian-hockey-team-124877-2012-12-20|title=End of an era: Hockey legend Leslie Claudius passes away after prolonged illness|agency=IANS |date=December 21, 2012 |magazine=India Today|language=en|access-date=2019-06-04}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Indian hockey great Leslie Claudius passes away|url=http://www.firstpost.com/sports/indian-hockey-great-leslie-claudius-passes-away-564677.html|date=20 Dec 2012|agency=FP sports|work=Firstpost|access-date=2012-12-20|archive-date=22 December 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121222021818/http://www.firstpost.com/sports/indian-hockey-great-leslie-claudius-passes-away-564677.html}}</ref>
* {{flagicon|British India}} [[Joseph Galibardy]] – represented India at the [[1936 Summer Olympics]] in Berlin and won gold medal, played domestic hockey for BNR.<ref>{{cite Sports-Reference |url=http://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/ga/joe-galibardy-1.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161203052618/http://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/ga/joe-galibardy-1.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=3 December 2016 |title=Joseph Deville Thomas Galibardy — The Summer Olympics |access-date=15 November 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.olympedia.org/athletes/19180|title=Player profile — Joseph Deville Thomas Galibardy|work=Olympedia|access-date=8 August 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200608010534/https://www.olympedia.org/athletes/19180|archive-date=8 June 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fihockey.org/vsite/vcontent/content/transnews/0,10869,1181-144740-19728-15688-313589-15058-5039-layout169-161956-news-item,00.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110526065958/http://www.fihockey.org/vsite/vcontent/content/transnews/0,10869,1181-144740-19728-15688-313589-15058-5039-layout169-161956-news-item,00.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=2011-05-26 |title=Joseph Galibardy passes away |access-date=2011-05-19 |work=fihockey.org }}</ref>

==Honours==

===League===
*'''[[Calcutta Football League|CFL Second Division]]'''
**Champions (1): 1949<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablesi/india49.html#calc|title=India 1949 – List of Champions: Calcutta League|website=[[RSSSF]]|date=2 March 2017|first=Neil|last=Morrison|archive-date=7 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221007121452/https://www.rsssf.org/tablesi/india49.html}}</ref>
*'''[[Calcutta Football League|CFL First Division]]'''
**Third place (1): 2022<ref>{{cite web|title=IFA CFL 1st DIVISION :: CHAMPIONSHIP ROUND 2022|url=https://www.kolkatafootball.com/ifa_cfl_lower_division_2022/cfl_divn1_result.html|website=kolkatafootball.com|date=4 November 2022|access-date=13 November 2022|archive-date=12 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221112194141/https://www.kolkatafootball.com/ifa_cfl_lower_division_2022/cfl_divn1_result.html}}</ref>

===Cup===
*'''[[IFA Shield]]'''
**Champions (1): 1963<ref>{{Cite web|title=List of Winners/Runners-Up of the IFA-Shield|url=http://www.indianfootball.de/data/ifashield.html|access-date=10 March 2021|website=indianfootball.de|archive-date=30 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201130083403/http://www.indianfootball.de/data/ifashield.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>
**Runners-up (1): 1966<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.anandabazar.com/sports/football/former-footballer-parimal-dey-passes-away-dgtl/cid/1403820|title=পরিমল দে প্রয়াত! চলে গেলেন ইস্টবেঙ্গলের শিল্ড ফাইনালের নায়ক, মুখ্যমন্ত্রীর শোকবার্তা|trans-title=Parimal Dey died! East Bengal's Shield Final hero passes away, Chief Minister's condolence message|website=anandabazar.com|publisher=[[Anandabazar Patrika]]|date=1 February 2023|access-date=1 February 2023|location=Kolkata|language=bn|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230201173202/https://www.anandabazar.com/sports/football/former-footballer-parimal-dey-passes-away-dgtl/cid/1403820|archive-date=1 February 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://bangla.aajtak.in/sports/story/ex-popular-footballer-parimal-dey-died-at-the-age-of-74-at-kolkata-ssr-505942-2023-02-01|title=প্রাক্তন ফুটবলার কিংবদন্তী পরিমল দে প্রয়াত হলেন, ময়দানে শোকের ছায়া|trans-title=Former football legend Parimal Dey passed away, mourning from the ground|website=bangla.aajtak.in|publisher=Aaj Tak Bangla|date=1 February 2023|access-date=1 February 2023|location=Kolkata|language=bn|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230201173812/https://bangla.aajtak.in/sports/story/ex-popular-footballer-parimal-dey-died-at-the-age-of-74-at-kolkata-ssr-505942-2023-02-01|archive-date=1 February 2023}}</ref>
*'''[[Durand Cup]]'''
**Runners-up (1): 1967<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.indianfootball.de/data/durandcup.html|title=List of Winners/Runners-Up of the Durand Cup|access-date=22 February 2021|website=Indianfootball.de|archive-date=27 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200627235237/http://www.indianfootball.de/data/durandcup.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>[https://www.rsssf.org/tablesi/indiadurandcuphist.html List of Durand Cup tournament winners and runner-ups]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140729142839/http://www.rsssf.com/tablesi/indiadurandcuphist.html |date=29 July 2014}} ''rsssf.com''. [[RSSSF|Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation]]. Retrieved 7 May 2021.</ref>
*'''[[Rovers Cup]]'''
**Champions (1): 1964–65<ref>{{Cite web|title=India – List of Rovers Cup Finals|url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablesi/indiaroverscuphist.html|access-date=2020-12-20|website=[[RSSSF]]|first=Neil|last=Morrison|date=2002|archive-date=24 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924164532/http://www.rsssf.com/tablesi/indiaroverscuphist.html}}</ref>
*'''[[Sikkim Gold Cup|Sikkim Governor's Gold Cup]]'''
**Runners-up (1): 2009<ref>{{Cite web|title=India — List of All India Governor's Gold Cup Winners (Sikkim)|url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablesi/india-sikkimgoldcuphist.html|access-date=2021-12-16|website=[[RSSSF]]|archive-date=7 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210507053015/http://www.rsssf.com/tablesi/india-sikkimgoldcuphist.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
*'''EK Nayanar Memorial Gold Cup'''
**Champions (1): 2012<ref>{{Cite web|title=4th EK Nayanar Memorial Gold Cup: BNR champions|url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/sports/4th-ek-nayanar-memorial-gold-cup-bnr-champions|date=22 March 2012|last=Chaudhuri|first=Arunava|website=sportskeeda.com|publisher=Sportskeeda|access-date=9 October 2022|archive-date=11 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221011140423/https://www.sportskeeda.com/sports/4th-ek-nayanar-memorial-gold-cup-bnr-champions}}</ref>

==Other departments==

===Field hockey===
Alongside football, [[field hockey]] is practiced in BNR. From the [[British Raj|British rule in the country]] until 1960s, it was having Anglo-Indian players, who led the club various nationwide tournaments.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/sunday-times/how-the-anglo-indian-community-created-two-no-1-hockey-teams/articleshow/53690148.cms |title=How the Anglo-Indian community created two No 1 hockey teams |website=timesofindia.indiatimes.com |publisher=[[The Times of India]] (Sunday Times)|agency=Times News Network |last=Alikhan |first=Anvar |date=14 August 2016 |access-date=8 November 2022 |archive-date=8 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221108234015/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/sunday-times/how-the-anglo-indian-community-created-two-no-1-hockey-teams/articleshow/53690148.cms }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|title=A most remarkable community: Anglo-Indian contributions to sport in India|publisher=[[Routledge]]|last=Mills|first=Megan S.|journal=Contemporary South Asia |doi=10.1080/09584930120083828|volume=10|date=2001|issue=2 |pages=223–236 |s2cid=145742265 |doi-access=free}} (Published online: "Routledge Contemporary South Asia"; 1 July 2010).</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://wbsportsandyouth.gov.in/hockey|title=WB Sports & Youth Dept — Hockey in West Bengal|access-date=26 January 2024|archive-date=15 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180415220739/https://wbsportsandyouth.gov.in/hockey|website=wbsportsandyouth.gov.in|publisher=West Bengal Department of Youth Services And Sports|location=Kolkata}}</ref> Notable players of the team in Colonial era were Carl Tapsell, Dicky Carr and Joe Gallibardy.<ref>{{cite news
| url = http://www.telegraphindia.com/1041204/asp/calcutta/story_4080762.asp
| archive-url = https://archive.today/20121208172753/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1041204/asp/calcutta/story_4080762.asp
| url-status = dead
| archive-date = 8 December 2012
| title = All hail hockey on history high
| access-date =2007-04-13
| last = O'Brien
| first = Barry
| work =Eye on Calcutta
| publisher =[[The Telegraph (India)]]
| location=Calcutta, India
| date=4 December 2004
}}</ref> Affiliated with the Bengal Hockey Association (BHA),<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.anandabazar.com/editorial/essays/one-west-bengal-was-the-excellency-center-of-hockey-and-petrochemical-in-all-india/cid/1403525|title=আমরা হকিতেও ছিলাম, পেট্রোরসায়ন শিল্পেও ছিলাম — সবই এখন অতীত|trans-title=We were in hockey, we were in the petrochemical industry — all in the past|website=anandabazar.com|publisher=[[Anandabazar Patrika]]|first=Mohit|last=Roy|date=31 January 2023|access-date=1 February 2023|location=Kolkata|language=bn|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230201045709/https://www.anandabazar.com/amp/editorial/essays/one-west-bengal-was-the-excellency-center-of-hockey-and-petrochemical-in-all-india/cid/1403525|archive-date=1 February 2023}}</ref> the club participated in prestigious [[Beighton Cup]] and [[Calcutta Hockey League]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hockeybengal.org/schedule-1|title=Schedule|work=Hockey Bengal|access-date=18 November 2022|archive-date=24 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221024100541/https://www.hockeybengal.org/schedule-1}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hockeybengal.org/post/fixtures-of-1st-division-group-b-2022|title=Calcutta Hockey League Competition — Fixtures of 1st Division Group B 2022|website=hockeybengal.org|publisher=The Hockey Bengal|date=26 March 2022|access-date=31 January 2023|location=Kolkata|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221118125355/https://www.hockeybengal.org/post/fixtures-of-1st-division-group-b-2022|archive-date=18 November 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://9476a252-c6e6-45a1-9e56-d69f3bf4f39e.usrfiles.com/ugd/9476a2_788612ea4f5b4a18b7dbc55f5d86439e.pdf|title=Calcutta Hockey League Competition — Fixtures of 1st Division Group A 2022|website=hockeybengal.org|publisher=The Hockey Bengal|date=13 February 2022|access-date=31 January 2023|location=Kolkata|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221024100550/https://9476a252-c6e6-45a1-9e56-d69f3bf4f39e.usrfiles.com/ugd/9476a2_788612ea4f5b4a18b7dbc55f5d86439e.pdf|archive-date=24 October 2022}}</ref>

;Honours
* '''[[Beighton Cup]]'''
**Champions (5): 1937, 1939, 1943, 1944, 1945<ref>{{cite web|title=BEIGHTON CUP WINNERS AND RUNNERS-UP (1895—2019)|url=https://www.hockeybengal.org/winners-and-runner-up-details|location=Kolkata|website=www.hockeybengal.org|publisher=Hockey Bengal|access-date=5 July 2022|archive-date=23 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220423035958/https://www.hockeybengal.org/winners-and-runner-up-details}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Teams with Most Wins in Prestigious Beighton Cup|url=https://hockeypassion.in/hockey-perspectives/teams-with-most-wins-in-prestigious-beighton-cup/|date=2 November 2022|access-date=3 November 2022|publisher=Hockey Passion|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221102200248/https://hockeypassion.in/hockey-perspectives/teams-with-most-wins-in-prestigious-beighton-cup/|archive-date=2 November 2022|website=hockeypassion.in}}</ref>
**Runners-up (8): 1931, 1932, 1935, 1938, 1942, 1946, 1968, 1994
* '''[[Calcutta Hockey League]]'''
**Champions (4): 1965, 1966, 1967, 1994<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hockeybengal.org/calcutta-hockey-league-history |title=BIRTH AND EVOLUTION OF CALCUTTA HOCKEY LEAGUE COMPETITION (1905) |date=2022 |access-date=24 October 2022|website=hockeybengal.org|publisher=Hockey Bengal |location=Kolkata |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221018155544/https://www.hockeybengal.org/calcutta-hockey-league-history |archive-date=18 October 2022 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.hockeybengal.org/about |title=About Us — Hockey Bengal |access-date=24 October 2022 |website=hockeybengal.org |publisher=Hockey Bengal |archive-date=24 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221024100545/https://www.hockeybengal.org/about }}</ref>
* '''[[Bombay Gold Cup]]'''
**Champions (1): 1965<ref>{{cite web|title=Bombay Gold Cup: BOMBAY GOLD CUP HOCKEY TOURNAMENT {{!}} GURU TEGH BAHADUR GOLD CUP HOCKEY TOURNAMENT|url=http://www.mumbaihockey.org/bombay-gold-cup.html#:~:text=Morarji%20Desai%20who%20was%20the,will%20be%20played%20under%20floodlight..|access-date=18 October 2022|website=www.mumbaihockey.org|publisher=The Mumbai Hockey Association|archive-date=11 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210411223120/http://mumbaihockey.org/bombay-gold-cup.html#:~:text=Morarji%20Desai%20who%20was%20the,will%20be%20played%20under%20floodlight..}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Indian hockey: The curious case of the Bombay Gold Cup |url=https://www.livemint.com/Sundayapp/Z5A20XtmrZ2hnAprgJocvI/Indian-hockey-The-curious-case-of-the-Bombay-Gold-Cup.html |date=19 December 2015 |last=D'Souza |first=Dilip |publisher=LiveMint |access-date=17 October 2022 |archive-date=25 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200925142556/https://www.livemint.com/Sundayapp/Z5A20XtmrZ2hnAprgJocvI/Indian-hockey-The-curious-case-of-the-Bombay-Gold-Cup.html }}</ref>
*'''Obaidullllah Gold Cup'''<ref name="BNR official"/>
**Champions (9): 1958, 1960, 1961, 1962, 1964, 1965, 1967, 1969, 1972
*'''Khandwa Gold Cup'''
**Champions (3): 1966, 1969, 1970<ref name="BNR official">{{Cite web|title=Welcome to the Bengal Nagpur Railway Recreational Club — Home (overview)|url=https://bnrclub.com/|website=BNR Club official website|location=Kolkata|access-date=9 October 2022|archive-date=11 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230711101649/https://bnrclub.com/}}</ref>
*'''BHA Hockey League'''
**Runners-up (2): 2009, 2017<ref name="BNR official 2">{{Cite web|title=Welcome to the Bengal Nagpur Railway Recreational Club — Home (overview)|url=https://bnrclub.com/2020/12/23/hockey-achievements/|website=BNR Recreational Club — Latest Achievements in Hockey|location=Kolkata|access-date=9 October 2022|archive-date=15 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221015083953/https://bnrclub.com/2020/12/23/hockey-achievements/}}</ref>
*'''Lagden Cup'''
**Champions (1): 2020<ref name="BNR official 2"/>

===Cricket===
BNR club has its [[cricket]] section, which is affiliated to the [[Cricket Association of Bengal]] (CAB),<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cricketassociationofbengal.com/first_division.php|title=The Cricket Association of Bengal: First Division Clubs|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201023021313/https://www.cricketassociationofbengal.com/first_division.php|archive-date=23 October 2020|publisher=Cricket Association of Bengal|access-date=2 July 2021|location=Kolkata|website=cricketassociationofbengal.com}}</ref><ref>[http://www.cricketassociationofbengal.com/history.php Early History of Bengal Cricket leading to the formation of the Cricket Association of Bengal in 1928]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171223102855/http://www.cricketassociationofbengal.com/history.php |date=23 December 2017 }}. ''The Cricket Association Of Bengal (CAB)''. Retrieved 2 July 2021.</ref> and competes in numerous regional tournaments including the First Division League, and J.C. Mukherjee T-20 Trophy.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cricketassociationofbengal.com/1stdivpoint.php|title=First Division|website=cab.com|publisher=Cricket Association of Bengal|access-date=6 October 2022|archive-date=18 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211118235149/https://www.cricketassociationofbengal.com/1stdivpoint.php}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/sports/in-the-city-06-01-2011/cid/444162|title=IN THE CITY 06-01-2011 — Shreevats slams 201 Cricket meet Chirag win Horse show|date=6 January 2011|access-date=26 December 2023|website=telegraphindia.com|publisher=The Telegraph India|location=Kolkata|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114133052/https://www.telegraphindia.com/sports/in-the-city-06-01-2011/cid/444162|archive-date=14 January 2024}}</ref>

;Honours
* '''CAB First Division League'''
**Champions (1): 2010–11<ref>{{cite web|url=https://bnrclub.com/2020/12/23/cricket-news/|title=Bengal Nagpur Railway Recreational Club — Cricket|website=bnrclub.com|date=23 December 2020|access-date=26 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221013001211/https://bnrclub.com/2020/12/23/cricket-news/|archive-date=13 October 2022}}</ref>
* '''CAB Senior Knock-out Championship'''
**Champions (1): 1962–63<ref name="bnr"/>

===Women's football===
Women's football is also being practiced in BNR, and the team participates in regional tournaments.{{citation needed|date=October 2025}}

==See also==
{{Portal bar|India|Association football|Cricket}}
*[[Football in Kolkata]]
*[[List of football clubs in India]]

==References==
===General sources===
{{reflist}}

===Bibliography===
*{{cite journal| url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09523360600802562 |doi=10.1080/09523360600802562 | title=Cricket in colonial Bengal (1880–1947): A lost history of nationalism | journal=The International Journal of the History of Sport | year=2006 | volume=23 | issue=6 | pages=960–990 | s2cid=216152701 |author=Majumdar, B. | url-access=subscription }}
*{{cite book |last1=Majumdar |first1=Boria |last2=Mangan |first2=J. A. |title=Sport in South Asian Society: Past and Present |date=13 September 2013 |publisher=Routledge |location=Oxford |isbn=978-1-317-99894-5 |page=117 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sWfdAAAAQBAJ&dq=history+of+the+Bengal+Championships+tennis&pg=PA117 |language=en |access-date=29 January 2023 |archive-date=3 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231103142845/https://books.google.com/books?id=sWfdAAAAQBAJ&dq=history+of+the+Bengal+Championships+tennis&pg=PA117#v=onepage&q=history%20of%20the%20Bengal%20Championships%20tennis&f=false }}
*{{cite book |last1=Kapadia |first1=Novy |year=2017|title=Barefoot to Boots: The Many Lives of Indian Football |publisher=Penguin Random House |isbn=978-0-143-42641-7 }}
*{{cite book |last1=Martinez| first1=Dolores |last2=Mukharjiim |first2=Projit B|year=2009|title=Football: From England to the World: The Many Lives of Indian Football |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nbzhAQAAQBAJ&q=kerala+footballer+in+Burma |publisher=[[Routledge]] |isbn=978-1-138-88353-6 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220702174505/https://books.google.co.in/books?id=nbzhAQAAQBAJ&dq=kerala+footballer+in+Burma&source=gbs_navlinks_s |archive-date=2 July 2022 }}
*{{cite book|title=Soccer in South Asia: Empire, Nation, Diaspora|year=2001|publisher=Frank Cass Publishers|location=[[London]], United Kingdom|isbn=978-0-7146-8170-2|page=33|last1=Dineo|first1=Paul|last2=Mills|first2=James|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=71JHZiiP3hoC|archive-date=25 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220725072732/https://books.google.co.in/books/about/Soccer_in_South_Asia.html?id=71JHZiiP3hoC&source=kp_book_description&redir_esc=y}}
*{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QbUFaAEACAAJ|title=History of Indian Football: Upto 2009–10|first=Nirmal|last=Nath|year=2011|publisher=Readers Service|isbn=9788187891963|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220722172604/https://books.google.co.in/books/about/History_of_Indian_Football.html?id=QbUFaAEACAAJ&source=kp_book_description&redir_esc=y|archive-date=22 July 2022}}
*{{cite book |title=India's Football Dream |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-V6HDwAAQBAJ&q=national+association+manmatha+ganguly |publisher=SAGE Publications India |last1=Sharma |first1=Nikhil Paramjit |last2=Gupta |first2=Shantanu |date=4 February 2019 |access-date=4 October 2022 |archive-date=4 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221004041830/https://books.google.com/books?id=-V6HDwAAQBAJ&dq=national+association+manmatha+ganguly&source=gbs_navlinks_s |isbn=9789353283063 }}
*{{cite book|first1=Boria|last1=Majumdar|first2=Kausik|last2=Bandyopadhyay|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=V-sMYjZkpigC&pg=PA69|title=A Social History Of Indian Football: Striving To Score|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210629140637/https://books.google.com/books?id=V-sMYjZkpigC&pg=PA69|archive-date=29 June 2021|publisher=[[Routledge]]|date=2006|isbn=9780415348355}}
*{{cite book|first1=Jaydeep|last1=Basu|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QeovtKLi-1sC|title=Stories from Indian Football|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221011131939/https://books.google.co.in/books/about/Stories_from_Indian_Football.html?id=QeovtKLi-1sC&source=kp_book_description&redir_esc=y|archive-date=11 October 2022|publisher=UBS Publishers' Distributors|date=2003|isbn=9788174764546}}
*{{cite web |title=Football in Bengali culture and society: a study in the social history of football in Bengal 1911–1980 |url=https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/174532 |publisher=University of Calcutta |website=[[Shodhganga]] |page=35 |last=Bandyopadhyay |first=Kausik |date=2008 |hdl=10603/174532 |access-date=7 October 2022 |archive-date=7 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221007174156/https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/174532 }}
*{{cite journal |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14660970500106410?journalCode=fsas20 |title=Regionalism and club domination: Growth of rival centres of footballing excellence |publisher=Taylor & Francis |date=6 August 2006 |access-date=1 March 2023 |archive-date=1 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230301202832/https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14660970500106410?journalCode=fsas20 |journal=Soccer & Society |volume=6:2–3 |issue=2–3 |pages=227–256 |doi=10.1080/14660970500106410 |s2cid=216862171 |url-access=subscription }}

===Further reading===
*{{cite news |author=PTI |date=19 September 1970 |title=Iranians, E. Bengal breeze thro to semi-finals |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=D35lAAAAIBAJ&sjid=wp0NAAAAIBAJ&pg=1836%2C2033455 |work=The Indian Express |access-date=3 November 2021 |archive-date=3 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211103140141/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=D35lAAAAIBAJ&sjid=wp0NAAAAIBAJ&pg=1836%2C2033455 }}
*{{Cite web |title=The Introduction of Football in Colonial Calcutta- Part 1 |url=https://www.footballcounter.com/2015/the-introduction-of-football-in-colonial-calcutta/ |date=25 March 2015 |first=Ankan |last=Banerjee |access-date=25 March 2015 |website=footballcounter.com |publisher=Football Counter |location=Kolkata |archive-date=23 January 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160123195412/http://www.footballcounter.com/2015/the-introduction-of-football-in-colonial-calcutta/ }}
*{{cite web|url=http://home.123india.com/alokghosh/Heritage/Our%20Sportsmen.htm|title=OUR SPORTSMEN|website=123india.com|access-date=27 September 2007|archive-date=27 September 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927210527/http://home.123india.com/alokghosh/Heritage/Our%20Sportsmen.htm}}
*{{cite web|url=http://archives.anandabazar.com/e_kolkata/2013/december/anache_kanache.html|title=ইস্টার্ন রেলওয়ে ফুটবল ক্লাব — ১৪১ বছরের পুরনো একটি ক্লাবের ইতিহাস ও ঐতিহ্য|trans-title=Eastern Railway Football Club — History and heritage of a 141-year-old club|website=archives.anandabazar.com|publisher=[[Anandabazar Patrika]]|language=Bengali|date=21 December 2013|access-date=24 March 2023|location=Kolkata|first=Rajat|last=Karmakar|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220127103722/http://archives.anandabazar.com/e_kolkata/2013/december/anache_kanache.html|archive-date=27 January 2022}}
*{{cite web|url=https://ifawb.org/footballs-passage/|title=The passage of football in India|website=ifawb.org|publisher=[[Indian Football Association]]|location=Kolkata|access-date=11 September 2022|archive-date=29 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210129163914/https://ifawb.org/footballs-passage/}}
*{{Cite web|url=https://bengali.indianexpress.com/sports/indian-football-problems-article-part-two-mithun-bhowmick-58095/|title=ভারতীয় ফুটবলের অসুখসমূহ: পর্ব – ২|trans-title=Diseases of Indian football: Episode – 2|first1=Mithun|last1=Bhowmick|location=Kolkata|publisher=IE Bangla Sports Desk|website=bengali.indianexpress.com|agency=Indian Express News Service|language=bn|date=15 December 2018|access-date=31 January 2019|archive-date=15 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231115165835/https://bengali.indianexpress.com/sports/indian-football-problems-article-part-two-mithun-bhowmick-58095/}}
*{{cite web|url=https://inscript.me/how-east-bengal-mohun-bagan-became-rival-history-of-west-bengal-club-football-by-ayan-bhattacharya-robibarer-royak|title=বাংলা ভাগের ক্ষত কিভাবে বিষিয়ে দিল মোহনবাগান আর ইস্টবেঙ্গলকে?|trans-title=How did the wound of the partition of Bengal poisoned both Mohun Bagan and East Bengal?|first1=Ayan|last1=Bhattacharya|archive-date=7 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231107163804/https://inscript.me/how-east-bengal-mohun-bagan-became-rival-history-of-west-bengal-club-football-by-ayan-bhattacharya-robibarer-royak|website=inscript.me|publisher=ইনস্ক্রিপ্ট বাংলা নিউজ|location=Kolkata|language=bn|date=10 September 2023|access-date=7 November 2023}}

==External links==
*{{oweb|https://bnrclub.com/}} of BNR Recreation Club
*[https://int.soccerway.com/teams/india/bengal-nagpur-railway-fc/18637/ Bengal Nagpur Railway FC] at Soccerway

{{Football in West Bengal}}
{{West Bengal Sports}}

[[Category:Association football clubs established in 1929]]
[[Category:Football clubs in Kolkata]]
[[Category:1929 establishments in India]]
[[Category:Railway football clubs in India]]

Bantul the Great (2010 animated series)

2025-09-22T01:39:16Z

Ferdinand78P: New new info

{{Short description|Indian Bengali language animated TV series}}
{{More citations needed|date=May 2025}}
{{Infobox television
| image = Bantul The Great logo.jpeg
| caption = Title card
| native_name = বাঁটুল দি গ্রেট
| genre = {{Plainlist|
* Detective
* Thriller
* Comedy
}}
| creator = Arijit Bhadra
| screenplay = Arijit Bhadra
| director = Arijit Bhadra
| voices = {{Plainlist|
* Naren Bhattacharya
* Rupan Dasgupta
* Arijit Bhadra
* Manas Kumar Kamila
* Suman Banik
* Rupak De
* Baishakhi Bhowmik
* Basudev Pal
* Subinoy Ray
* Arghya Mukherjee
* Chiranjit Karmakar
* Mintu Banerjee
* Dhrubajyoti De
* Dayal Das
* Debaraj Sen
* Saikat Hazra
* Jaydeep Ganguly
* Biswajit Biswas
* Abhishek Sengupta
* Samujjal Chakraborty
* Prathika Basu
* Joy Biswas
* Shyam Sundar Haldar
* Tanmoy Ghosh
* Pritam Chatterjee
* Sushanta Saha
* Amrit Goswami
* Moumita Das
* Saheb Bera
* Manisha Chatterjee
* Sandeep Saha
* Sarnya Chatterjee
* Sharmistha Panja
* Sandeepan De
* Sanjay Bhattacharya
* Saikat Manna
* Dipankar Mondal
}}
| music = Sudipto Saha
| open_theme = "Bantul The Great"
| country = India
| language = Bengali
| num_seasons = 1
| num_episodes = 555 (as on [[Zee5]])
| executive_producer = Arpita Bose
| producer = Arijit Bhadra
| editor = Shyam Sundar Halder
| company = Animatrix Multimedia
| network = [[Zee Bangla]]
}}
'''''Bantul The Great''''' ({{langx|bn|বাঁটুল দি গ্রেট}}) is an Indian animated series created and produced by Arijit Bhadra. The series based on [[Narayan Debnath|Narayan Debnath's]] [[Bantul the Great|comic character of the same name]]. The series started airing on [[Zee Bangla]] from 4 July 2010, airing every Sunday and airing everyday from 29 March 2020 with some repeated episodes, making it one of the most successful animated cartoon series of Bengali Television. It now airs on Zee Bangla from 9am to 10am.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Animatrix Multimedia's 2D Series 'Bantul- The Great' going strong on Zee Bangla - |url=https://www.animationxpress.com/broadcast/animatrix-multimedias-2d-series-bantul-the-great-going-strong-on-zee-bangla/?amp=1 |access-date=2023-09-02 |website=www.animationxpress.com| date=11 May 2012 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Watch Bantul The Great Kids Show Online on ZEE5 |url=https://www.zee5.com/kids/kids-shows/bantul-the-great/0-6-231 |access-date=2023-09-02 |website=ZEE5 |language=en-IN}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |title=Bantul The Great - Full Episode - 350 - Zee Bangla | date=9 February 2023 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kJqF_FNyPVM |access-date=2023-09-02 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Narayan Debnath Passed Away : প্রয়াত বাংলা কমিকসের স্রষ্টা নারায়ণ দেবনাথ |url=https://bangla.aajtak.in/kolkata/story/narayan-debnath-creator-batul-great-nonte-fonte-expired-today-sum-334615-2022-01-18 |access-date=2023-09-02 |website=Aaj Tak বাংলা |language=bn}}</ref>

The series is also notable for keeping the faith and design from the comics.

==Plot==
The protagonist is an immortal creation of Narayan Debnath, who is a superhero as well as an intelligent detective. With his allies Bachchu and Bichchu, he solves some mysterious cases as well as fights those who create havoc.

== Characters ==
* Bantul
* Bachchhu
* Bichchhu
* Lambakarna
* Nitai
*Batobyal sir
*Noshu Ghosh
*Ghansa
*Boccha
*Daroga Babu

== Voice cast ==
* Naren Bhattacharya as Bantul
* Rupan Dasgupta as Bachchhu
* Arijit Bhadra as Bichchhu
== Episode ==
{| class="wikitable"
! Episode No. !! Title !! Airing Date
|-
| 1 || Patton Tank || 4 July 2010
|-
| 2 || || 11 July 2010
|-
| 3 || Coaching Class || 18 July 2010
|-
| 4 || || 25 July 2010
|-
| 5 || || 1 August 2010
|-
| 6 || || 8 August 2010
|-
| 7 || || 15 August 2010
|-
| 8 || || 22 August 2010
|-
| 9 || || 29 August 2010
|-
| 10 || || 5 September 2010
|-
| 11 || || 12 September 2010
|-
| 12 || || 19 September 2010
|-
| 13 || || 26 September 2010
|-
| 14 || || 3 October 2010
|-
| 15 || Traner Taka Lopat || 10 October 2010
|-
| 16 || Artha Sangraha || 17 October 2010
|-
| 17 || || 24 October 2010
|-
| 18 || Colonel-er Bari-te Churi || 31 October 2010
|-
| 19 || School-er Natok-e Gondogol || 7 November 2010
|-
| 20 || Adbhut Prani || 14 November 2010
|-
| 21 || || 21 November 2010
|-
| 22 || || 28 November 2010
|-
| 23 || || 5 December 2010
|-
| 24 || Aeroplane-er Karsaji || 12 December 2010
|-
| 25 || || 19 December 2010
|-
| 26 || || 26 December 2010
|-
| 27 || Boro Din-er Upohar || 2 January 2011
|-
| 28 || Cinema Dekha || 9 January 2011
|-
| 29 || || 16 January 2011
|-
| 30 || Dinosaur-er Akraman || 23 January 2011
|-
| 31 || B.G. Virus || 30 January 2011
|-
| 32 || Adbhut Pranee - Lizard || 6 February 2011
|-
| 33 || Take Makorsha || 13 February 2011
|-
| 34 || Cricket Match || 20 February 2011
|-
| 35 || School Sports || 27 February 2011
|-
| 36 || Rajasthan-e Gondogol || 6 March 2011
|-
| 37 || Chocolate Rasta || 13 March 2011
|-
| 38 || || 20 March 2011
|-
| 39 || Goalkeeper Kidnap || 27 March 2011
|-
| 40 || Bantul-er Pipe || 3 April 2011
|-
| 41 || || 10 April 2011
|-
| 42 || Boxing Match || 17 April 2011
|-
| 43 || || 24 April 2011
|-
| 44 || || 1 May 2011
|-
| 45 || || 8 May 2011
|-
| 46 || || 15 May 2011
|-
| 47 || || 22 May 2011
|-
| 48 || || 29 May 2011
|-
| 49 || || 5 June 2011
|-
| 50 || || 12 June 2011
|-
| 51 || || 19 June 2011
|-
| 52 || || 26 June 2011
|-
| 53 || Jungle Rahasya Prothom Bhag || 3 July 2011
|-
| 54 || Jungle Rahasya Dwitiya Bhag || 10 July 2011
|-
| 55 || Dakbanglay Bantul || 17 July 2011
|-
| 56 || || 24 July 2011
|-
| 57 || || 31 July 2011
|-
| 58 || Captain Hugo-r Gopon Dera || 7 August 2011
|-
| 59 || Bike Abhijan || 14 August 2011
|-
| 59 || || 21 August 2011
|-
| 60 || Onorup-e Bantul || 28 August 2011
|-
| 61 || Bantul Ar Oi Bishakto Pranee || 4 September 2011
|-
| 62 || Bantul Ar Oi Bishakto Pranee Shesh - Bhag || 11 September 2011
|-
| 63 || TikTikir Volbodol || 18 September 2011
|-
| 64 || Planchet || 25 September 2011
|-
| 65 || Murti Rahasya Prothom Bhag || 2 October 2011
|-
| 66 || Murti Rahasya Shesh-Bhag || 9 October 2011
|-
| 67 || || 16 October 2011
|-
| 68 || Jellystar Prothom – Bhag || 23 October 2011
|-
| 69 || Jellystar Dwitiya – Bhag || 30 October 2011
|-
| 70 || || 6 November 2011
|-
| 71 || Tibet-e Bantul || 13 November 2011
|-
| 72 || Durga Pujay Gondogol Prothom Bhag || 20 November 2011
|-
| 73 || Durga Pujay Gondogol Shesh Parba || 27 November 2011
|-
| 74 || || 4 December 2011
|-
| 75 || Sumsum Desh-er Rajputro || 11 December 2011
|-
| 76 || Bantul Ar Ek Odhbhut Gari Prothom Parba || 18 December 2011
|-
| 77 || Bantul Ar Ek Odhbhut Gari Shesh Parba || 25 December 2011
|-
| 78 || Ghatsilay Ghot Prothom Bhag || 1 January 2012
|-
| 79 || Ghatsilay Ghot Shesh Bhag || 8 January 2012
|-
| 80 || Koborkhanay Ke? Prothom-Bhag || 15 January 2012
|-
| 81 || Koborkhanay Ke? Shesh-Bhag || 22 January 2012
|-
| 82 || Abar Tornedo || 29 January 2012
|-
| 83 || Singha Rahasya Prothom Bhag || 5 February 2012
|-
| 84 || Singha Rahasya Shesh Bhag || 12 February 2012
|-
| 85 || Pisima-r Bari Gurudev || 19 February 2012
|-
| 86 || Raybari-r Rahasya Prothom Bhag || 26 February 2012
|-
| 87 || Raybari-r Rahasya Shesh-Bhag || 4 March 2012
|-
| 88 || Aladdin-er Sathe Bichchu || 11 March 2012
|-
| 89 || Goldo Goendagiri || 18 March 2012
|-
| 90 || Sundariteelar Bagh Prothom Parba || 25 March 2012
|-
| 91 || Sundariteelar Bagh Shesh Parba || 1 April 2012
|-
| 92 || Ebar Kand Chandannagar-e Prothom Parba || 8 April 2012
|-
| 93 || Ebar Kand Chandannagar-e Shesh Parba || 15 April 2012
|-
| 94 || Kumudbabur Ambagane Prothom Parba || 22 April 2012
|-
| 95 || Kumudbabur Ambagane Shesh Parba || 29 April 2012
|-
| 96 || Black Diamond Prothom – Bhag || 6 May 2012
|-
| 97 || Black Diamond Shesh – Bhag || 13 May 2012
|-
| 98 || Shadbhuter Kanda Prothom Bhag || 20 May 2012
|-
| 99 || Shadbhuter Kanda Shesh Bhag || 27 May 2012
|-
| 100 || Dracular Kobole Bantul Prothom Bhag || 3 June 2012
|-
| 101 || Dracular Kobole Bantul Shesh Bhag || 10 June 2012
|-
| 102 || Panda-r Sathe Bantul-ra || 17 June 2012
|-
| 103 || Bhu-Shwarge Bantul || 24 June 2012
|-
| 104 || Bhu-Shwarge Bantul Shesh Bhag || 1 July 2012
|-
| 105 || Guptodhoner Khoje Bantul Prothom Bhag || 8 July 2012
|-
| 106 || Guptodhoner Khoje Bantul Shesh Bhag || 15 July 2012
|-
| 107 || Ojanagraher Pranee Prothom Bhag || 22 July 2012
|-
| 108 || Ojanagraher Pranee Shesh Bhag || 29 July 2012
|-
| 109 || Bantul O Robot Bondhu Prothom Bhag || 5 August 2012
|-
| 110 || Bantul O Robot Bondhu Shesh Bhag || 12 August 2012
|-
| 111 || Jilipi-r Pyanch || 19 August 2012
|-
| 112 || Bantul-er Chobi Aka Prothom Bhag || 26 August 2012
|-
| 113 || Bantul-er Chobi Aka Shesh Bhag || 2 September 2012
|-
| 114 || Natok Rahasya Prothom Bhag || 9 September 2012
|-
| 115 || Natok Rahasya Shesh Bhag || 16 September 2012
|-
| 116 || Cinema-r Shooting Prothom Bhag || 23 September 2012
|-
| 117 || Cinema-r Shooting Shesh Bhag || 30 September 2012
|-
| 118 || Gurukand || 7 October 2012
|-
| 119 || Moyur Bhila Prothom Bhag || 14 October 2012
|-
| 120 || Moyur Bhila Shesh Bhag || 21 October 2012
|-
| 121 || Remote Gari || 28 October 2012
|-
| 122 || Kamalakanta-r Sona Prothom Bhag || 4 November 2012
|-
| 123 || || 11 November 2012
|-
| 124 || Bandhej Bhoot || 18 November 2012
|-
| 125 || Chunchobaji || 25 November 2012
|-
| 126 || Biyebari-r Rahasya Prothom Bhag || 2 December 2012
|-
| 127 || Biyebari-r Rahasya Shesh Bhag || 9 December 2012
|-
| 128 || || 16 December 2012
|-
| 129 || Jadukar Jbod || 23 December 2012
|-
| 130 || Bhutbanglay Bantul || 30 December 2012
|-
| 131 || Magic Spray || 6 January 2013
|-
| 132 || Bhut Bhaonta || 13 January 2013
|-
| 133 || Bantul-er Kobjay Jolodoshuy-ra || 20 January 2013
|-
| 134 || Damascus-er Nawab || 27 January 2013
|-
| 135 || Bhoutik Singhasan || 3 February 2013
|-
| 136 || Sundarmohan O Bantul || 10 February 2013
|-
| 137 || Kalopahari-r Jungle-e Bantul Prothom Bhag || 17 February 2013
|-
| 138 || Kalopahari-r Jungle-e Bantul Shesh Bhag || 24 February 2013
|-
| 139 || Bhoutik Borjatri || 3 March 2013
|-
| 140 || Adbhut Jontu || 10 March 2013
|-
| 141 || Bacchu Bichchur Langcha || 17 March 2013
|-
| 142 || Boxiganj-er Sei Cha-er Dokan || 24 March 2013
|-
| 143 || Ashchorjo Pranir Deshe Bantul || 31 March 2013
|-
| 144 || Khelar Mathe Gondogol || 7 April 2013
|-
| 145 || Ajab Deshe Bantul Prothom Bhag || 14 April 2013
|-
| 146 || Ajab Deshe Bantul Shesh Bhag || 21 April 2013
|-
| 147 || Football Match || 28 April 2013
|-
| 148 || Bhuter Deshe || 5 May 2013
|-
| 149 || Urochithir Somadhan || 12 May 2013
|-
| 150 || Alo Kankal || 19 May 2013
|-
| 151 || Oitihasik Poisha || 26 May 2013
|-
| 152 || Pimpra Rahasya || 2 June 2013
|-
| 153 || Dinosaur Rahasya || 9 June 2013
|-
| 154 || Agunmukho Janowar || 16 June 2013
|-
| 155 || Bantul Ar Sei Kakatuya Prothom Bhag || 23 June 2013
|-
| 156 || Bantul Ar Sei Kakatuya Shesh Bhag || 30 June 2013
|-
| 157 || Ojana Uronto Jaan (Prothom Parba) || 7 July 2013
|-
| 158 || Ojana Uronto Jaan (Shesh Parba) || 14 July 2013
|-
| 159 || Bantul-er Ghordour || 21 July 2013
|-
| 160 || Bantul O Gorilla Rahasya Prothom Bhag || 28 July 2013
|-
| 161 || Bantul O Gorilla Rahasya Shesh Bhag || 4 August 2013
|-
| 162 || Time Machine || 11 August 2013
|-
| 163 || Bantul Ar Pakhir Khacha || 18 August 2013
|-
| 164 || Alibaba-r Guptodhon || 25 August 2013
|-
| 165 || Singha Debata O Bantul || 1 September 2013
|-
| 166 || Sei Lokta O Bantul || 8 September 2013
|-
| 167 || Bantul Ar Nandogopal-er Murti || 15 September 2013
|-
| 168 || Baghmar Palowan O Bantul || 22 September 2013
|-
| 169 || Hyena-r Hana || 29 September 2013
|-
| 170 || Rahasya Ebar Misre || 6 October 2013
|-
| 171 || Sahebgong-er Rahasye Bantul || 13 October 2013
|-
| 172 || Bantul-er Notun Bondhu Prothom Bhag || 20 October 2013
|-
| 173 || Bantul-er Notun Bondhu Shesh Bhag || 27 October 2013
|-
| 174 || Bantul-er Hati || 3 November 2013
|-
| 175 || || 10 November 2013
|-
| 176 || Boxar Bantul Prothom Bhag || 17 November 2013
|-
| 177 || Boxar Bantul Shesh Bhag || 24 November 2013
|-
| 178 || Rahasymoy Mancho Prothom Bhag || 1 December 2013
|-
| 179 || Rahasymoy Mancho Shesh Bhag || 8 December 2013
|-
| 180 || Urojahaj Hijack || 15 December 2013
|-
| 181 || Bantul Vs. Gombuj Singh || 22 December 2013
|-
| 182 || Gondar Gondogol || 29 December 2013
|-
| 183 || Bhoyonkor Pakhir Kobole || 5 January 2014
|-
| 184 || Bhuture Camera || 12 January 2014
|-
| 185 || || 19 January 2014
|-
| 186 || Bantul Ar Yeti || 26 January 2014
|-
| 187 || Bhuture Cricket Match || 2 February 2014
|-
| 188 || Dracula Pahar || 9 February 2014
|-
| 189 || Magic Ice Cream || 16 February 2014
|-
| 190 || Bantul Ar Ashchorjo Jharna || 23 February 2014
|-
| 191 || Bhuter Ketton || 2 March 2014
|-
| 192 || Bantul Ebar Kolkata-y || 9 March 2014
|-
| 193 || Cycle Race-e Bantul || 16 March 2014
|-
| 194 || Sonar Khoje Bantul || 23 March 2014
|-
| 195 || || 30 March 2014
|-
| 196 || Rahasyojonok Dim || 6 April 2014
|-
| 197 || Hukom Singh-er Hukom || 13 April 2014
|-
| 198 || Mokkhirakhsho O Bantul || 20 April 2014
|-
| 199 || Kathabola putul || 27 April 2014
|-
| 200 || Shondo Kand || 4 May 2014
|-
| 201 || Bhoutik Ayna || 11 May 2014
|-
| 202 || Dourbir Ar Bantul || 18 May 2014
|-
| 203 || Chand-er Pathor || 25 May 2014
|-
| 204 || Jungle Rahasya || 1 June 2014
|-
| 205 || Bhoutik Jatra Pala || 8 June 2014
|-
| 206 || Obhishopt Neel Hira || 15 June 2014
|-
| 207 || Football Match || 22 June 2014
|-
| 208 || Magician Ar Bantul-er Tokkor || 29 June 2014
|-
| 209 || Bhuture Churi || 6 July 2014
|-
| 210 || Biral Rahasya || 13 July 2014
|-
| 211 || Pipra Kand || 20 July 2014
|-
| 212 || Sonar Bol || 27 July 2014
|-
| 213 || Bantul-er Lokkho Bhed || 3 August 2014
|-
| 214 || Khambar Juddhe Bantul || 10 August 2014
|-
| 215 || Medal Chor || 17 August 2014
|-
| 216 || Jokhdabon Ar Bantul || 24 August 2014
|-
| 217 || Puroskar-e Gondogol || 31 August 2014
|-
| 218 || Ghuri Kand || 7 September 2014
|-
| 219 || Rangapishi-r Goyna || 14 September 2014
|-
| 220 || Makorsha Rahasya || 21 September 2014
|-
| 221 || Harmonium Rahasya || 28 September 2014
|-
| 222 || Pokkhi Rahasya || 5 October 2014
|-
| 223 || Bichchur Onoshon || 12 October 2014
|-
| 224 || Bantul Ar Michin || 19 October 2014
|-
| 225 || Neelkontho Pakhi || 26 October 2014
|-
| 226 || Akash Juddhe Bantul || 2 November 2014
|-
| 227 || Ojana Shotru-r Mukhomukhi || 9 November 2014
|-
| 228 || Mohor Churi || 16 November 2014
|-
| 229 || Poka || 23 November 2014
|-
| 230 || Jomidar-er Pretatma || 30 November 2014
|-
| 231 || Obhishopt Kodai Bridge || 7 December 2014
|-
| 232 || Kankra Akraman || 14 December 2014
|-
| 233 || Bantul Kothay? || 21 December 2014
|-
| 234 || Neel Saheb-der Sada Ghora || 28 December 2014
|-
| 235 || Bhudeb Sen-er Dalil || 4 January 2015
|-
| 236 || L10-er Shesher Shuru || 11 January 2015
|-
| 237 || L10 Khtom || 18 January 2015
|-
| 238 || Golapi Hire Rahasya || 25 January 2015
|-
| 239 || Vampire Princess Ar Bantul || 1 February 2015
|-
| 240 || Vampire Princess-er Mukhomukhi Bantul || 8 February 2015
|-
| 241 || Girgitir Rong || 15 February 2015
|-
| 242 || London-er Prince || 22 February 2015
|-
| 243 || Sona Pachhar || 1 March 2015
|-
| 244 || Ek-ti Rahasya Golpo || 8 March 2015
|-
| 245 || Mahakash Juddhe Bantul || 15 March 2015
|-
| 246 || Surajmal-er Kella || 22 March 2015
|-
| 247 || Bhubonsomer Bagan || 29 March 2015
|-
| 248 || Sonamanik || 5 April 2015
|-
| 249 || Sinduker Chabi || 12 April 2015
|-
| 250 || Patalpuri Rahasya || 19 April 2015
|-
| 251 || Surong Rahasya || 26 April 2015
|-
| 252 || || 3 May 2015
|-
| 253 || Magician Mama || 10 May 2015
|-
| 254 || Mastermoshai || 17 May 2015
|-
| 255 || Tipai || 24 May 2015
|-
| 256 || Indur Puran || 31 May 2015
|-
| 257 || Gojai-er Adbhut Rog || 7 June 2015
|-
| 258 || Amro Kahini || 14 June 2015
|-
| 259 || Louh Danob || 21 June 2015
|-
| 260 || Ek Joker-er Golpo || 28 June 2015
|-
| 261 || Football Kand || 5 July 2015
|-
| 262 || Monimala Rahasya || 12 July 2015
|-
| 263 || Ashchorjo Prodip || 19 July 2015
|-
| 264 || Swonbor Sobhay Somossa || 26 July 2015
|-
| 265 || Yeti Ki? || 2 August 2015
|-
| 266 || Hanusmar-e Bantul || 9 August 2015
|-
| 267 || || 16 August 2015
|-
| 268 || || 23 August 2015
|-
| 269 || || 30 August 2015
|-
| 270 || Murti Rahasya || 6 September 2015
|-
| 271 || Bheen Groher Putul || 13 September 2015
|-
| 272 || || 20 September 2015
|-
| 273 || Dui Bigha Jomi || 27 September 2015
|-
| 274 || Guptodhon Rahasya || 4 October 2015
|-
| 275 || Ojana Bondhurer Khoje || 11 October 2015
|-
| 276 || Tanzania-y Bantul || 18 October 2015
|-
| 277 || Gorilla Manush Rahasya Bhed || 25 October 2015
|-
| 278 || Kali Pujor Rahasya || 1 November 2015
|-
| 279 || Pathor Rahasya || 8 November 2015
|-
| 280 || || 15 November 2015
|-
| 281 || || 22 November 2015
|-
| 282 || Abar Vampire Princess || 29 November 2015
|-
| 283 || Agnigoloker Mukhomukhi Bantul || 6 December 2015
|-
| 284 || || 13 December 2015
|-
| 285 || Bantul-er Durgo Joy || 20 December 2015
|-
| 286 || New Year Cake || 27 December 2015
|-
| 287 || || 3 January 2016
|-
| 288 || Mimir Muktoral Mala || 10 January 2016
|-
| 289 || Ghurir Deshe || 17 January 2016
|-
| 290 || Swadhinatar Sainik || 24 January 2016
|-
| 291 || Niruddesh Rahasya || 31 January 2016
|-
| 292 || Noshi-r Kouto || 7 February 2016
|-
| 293 || Hangor Debota || 14 February 2016
|-
| 294 || Ek-ti Brishti-r Dine || 21 February 2016
|-
| 295 || Football Match || 28 February 2016
|-
| 296 || Tornado-r Mukhomukhi Bantul || 6 March 2016
|-
| 297 || Trapeze-r Khela || 13 March 2016
|-
| 298 || Bagh Debota || 20 March 2016
|-
| 299 || Darogababu-r Goendagiri || 27 March 2016
|-
| 300 || Udas Baul || 3 April 2016
|-
| 301 || || 10 April 2016
|-
| 302 || Panja Ladai || 17 April 2016
|-
| 303 || || 24 April 2016
|-
| 304 || Oloukik Pathor || 1 May 2016
|-
| 305 || Bantul-er Pyanch || 8 May 2016
|-
| 306 || Kidnapper Bantul || 15 May 2016
|-
| 307 || Jungle-e Rahasya || 22 May 2016
|-
| 308 || Ashchorjo Banomanush || 29 May 2016
|-
| 309 || Kankal-er Magic || 5 June 2016
|-
| 310 || || 12 June 2016
|-
| 311 || Changu || 19 June 2016
|-
| 312 || Shad-der Bhelki || 26 June 2016
|-
| 313 || || 3 July 2016
|-
| 314 || || 10 July 2016
|-
| 315 || || 17 July 2016
|-
| 316 || || 24 July 2016
|-
| 317 || || 31 July 2016
|-
| 318 || || 7 August 2016
|-
| 319 || || 14 August 2016
|-
| 320 || Bagh-er Deray Bantul || 21 August 2016
|-
| 321 || Baiduryomani Rahasya || 28 August 2016
|-
| 322 || Football Player || 4 September 2016
|-
| 323 || Bantul Ar Kalo Hyena || 11 September 2016
|-
| 324 || Bantul Ar Oi Dustu Makorsha || 18 September 2016
|-
| 325 || Mushik Puran || 25 September 2016
|-
| 326 || || 2 October 2016
|-
| 327 || Robot Bantul || 9 October 2016
|-
| 328 || Bhuture Bhoot || 16 October 2016
|-
| 329 || Pecha-r Pyanch || 23 October 2016
|-
| 330 || Football Khela || 30 October 2016
|-
| 331 || Khoobala Gang-er Mukhomukhi || 6 November 2016
|-
| 332 || || 13 November 2016
|-
| 333 || Hire-r Khonir Map || 20 November 2016
|-
| 334 || Gof Churi || 27 November 2016
|-
| 335 || || 4 December 2016
|-
| 336 || || 11 December 2016
|-
| 337 || Atmaram Khachachara || 18 December 2016
|-
| 338 || Cake Kand || 25 December 2016
|-
| 339 || Jungle Bhromon || 1 January 2017
|-
| 340 || Adbhut Abhijan-e Bantul || 8 January 2017
|-
| 341 || Adrishyo Rohossho || 15 January 2017
|-
| 342 || Bhuter Deray Bantul || 22 January 2017
|-
| 343 || || 29 January 2017
|-
| 344 || Golden Chariot || 5 February 2017
|-
| 345 || Robot Dakati || 12 February 2017
|-
| 346 || Chimpu Nikhoj || 19 February 2017
|-
| 347 || Nosuda Fire Elo || 26 February 2017
|-
| 348 || Pahar Chura-y Rahasya || 5 March 2017
|-
| 349 || Timi Rahasya || 12 March 2017
|-
| 350 || Kumir Debota || 19 March 2017
|-
| 351 || Cactus Snake || 26 March 2017
|-
| 352 || Bojro Danob || 2 April 2017
|-
| 353 || Pass Fail || 9 April 2017
|-
| 354 || Raybari-r Guptodhon || 16 April 2017
|-
| 355 || Comics Doitto || 23 April 2017
|-
| 356 || || 30 April 2017
|-
| 357 || || 7 May 2017
|-
| 358 || Guptodhon || 14 May 2017
|-
| 359 || Hanuman Palowan || 21 May 2017
|-
| 360 || David Shaheber Hospital || 28 May 2017
|-
| 361 || || 4 June 2017
|-
| 362 || Adbhut Koushol || 11 June 2017
|-
| 363 || TikTiki Dragon || 18 June 2017
|-
| 364 || Dracular Shakti || 25 June 2017
|-
| 365 || || 2 July 2017
|-
| 366 || || 9 July 2017
|-
| 367 || Satyi Bhuter Golpo || 16 July 2017
|-
| 368 || || 23 July 2017
|-
| 369 || Sammohoner khela || 30 July 2017
|-
| 370 || Medal || 6 August 2017
|-
| 371 || || 13 August 2017
|-
| 372 || || 20 August 2017
|-
| 373 || || 27 August 2017
|-
| 374 || || 3 September 2017
|-
| 375 || || 10 September 2017
|-
| 376 || || 17 September 2017
|-
| 377 || || 24 September 2017
|-
| 378 || Bantul Ar Saheb-er Atma || 1 October 2017
|-
| 379 || || 8 October 2017
|-
| 380 || || 15 October 2017
|-
| 381 || || 22 October 2017
|-
| 382 || || 29 October 2017
|-
| 383 || || 5 November 2017
|-
| 384 || || 12 November 2017
|-
| 385 || || 19 November 2017
|-
| 386 || || 26 November 2017
|-
| 387 || || 3 December 2017
|-
| 388 || || 10 December 2017
|-
| 389 || || 17 December 2017
|-
| 390 || || 24 December 2017
|-
| 391 || Adbhut Roshmi || 31 December 2017
|-
| 392 || || 7 January 2018
|-
| 393 || || 14 January 2018
|-
| 394 || Joggo Jobab || 21 January 2018
|-
| 395 || Bhayankor Shorojontro || 28 January 2018
|-
| 396 || Captain Sark-er Hamla || 4 February 2018
|-
| 397 || Manush kheko machh || 11 February 2018
|-
| 398 || Bhuture Chithi || 18 February 2018
|-
| 399 || Beral-er Anchr || 25 February 2018
|-
| 400 || Chita || 4 March 2018
|-
| 401 || Tandob Doittyo-r Golpo || 11 March 2018
|-
| 402 || || 18 March 2018
|-
| 403 || Bagh Rahasya || 25 March 2018
|-
| 404 || Darpannagori-r Rupkotha || 1 April 2018
|-
| 405 || Bhubongor-er Ghora || 8 April 2018
|-
| 406 || Shyam Sundar-er Mrittur Rahasya || 15 April 2018
|-
| 407 || || 22 April 2018
|-
| 408 || Din Dayal-er Shiksha || 29 April 2018
|-
| 409 || Kaktarua bhoot || 6 May 2018
|-
| 410 || || 13 May 2018
|-
| 411 || Ashchorjo Football || 20 May 2018
|-
| 412 || Chandanpur Rahasya || 27 May 2018
|-
| 413 || Kankal Kand || 3 June 2018
|-
| 414 || Har Churi || 10 June 2018
|-
| 415 || || 17 June 2018
|-
| 416 || Ghurnijhor || 24 June 2018
|-
| 417 || Singha Debota Rahasya || 1 July 2018
|-
| 418 || Porosh Pathor || 8 July 2018
|-
| 419 || Hari Madhab-er Proyoshchitto || 15 July 2018
|-
| 420 || || 22 July 2018
|-
| 421 || Shaper Deshe Bantul || 29 July 2018
|-
| 422 || Bondho Darojar Rahasya || 5 August 2018
|-
| 423 || Anubis || 12 August 2018
|-
| 424 || Bhanugor Abhijan || 19 August 2018
|-
| 425 || Girgit Rahasya || 26 August 2018
|-
| 426 || Teacher's Day Celebration || 2 September 2018
|-
| 427 || Ashol Nokol || 9 September 2018
|-
| 428 || Kapalik-er Golpo || 16 September 2018
|-
| 429 || Bantul Vs. Mecho Bhoot || 23 September 2018
|-
| 430 || Buddhite Milay Bishoy || 30 September 2018
|-
| 431 || Bondho Ghori || 7 October 2018
|-
| 432 || Pahari Khade Durghotona || 14 October 2018
|-
| 433 || Pocketmar Pakrao || 21 October 2018
|-
| 434 || Dragon Kand || 28 October 2018
|-
| 435 || Missile-r Kobole Bantul || 4 November 2018
|-
| 436 || Nilgonj-er Rahasya || 11 November 2018
|-
| 437 || Sonar Dweep Mambania || 18 November 2018
|-
| 438 || Utopay Agnikando || 25 November 2018
|-
| 439 || Radha Madhab-er Taka Churi || 2 December 2018
|-
| 440 || Gorachand Ontardhan Rahasya || 9 December 2018
|-
| 441 || Onko Bhoot || 16 December 2018
|-
| 442 || Kalo Angur Rahasya || 23 December 2018
|-
| 443 || Hire Rahasya || 30 December 2018
|-
| 444 || Pakhi Chor-er Golpo || 6 January 2019
|-
| 445 || || 13 January 2019
|-
| 446 || Dulkipara-y Bagh Rahasya || 20 January 2019
|-
| 447 || Moja Bhoot || 27 January 2019
|-
| 448 || Bigyani Mohan Bhattar Missile || 3 February 2019
|-
| 449 || Bishakto Jol || 10 February 2019
|-
| 450 || Shakalur Angti || 17 February 2019
|-
| 451 || Sirikajor-er Murti Rahasya || 24 February 2019
|-
| 452 || Bantul O Sei Kukurta || 3 March 2019
|-
| 453 || Shooting-e Shihoron || 10 March 2019
|-
| 454 || Ashchorjo Bol || 17 March 2019
|-
| 455 || Oloukik Sei Chobi || 24 March 2019
|-
| 456 || Bantul O Chaklulal || 31 March 2019
|-
| 457 || Buddhite Boro Na Shokti Boro || 7 April 2019
|-
| 458 || Aashchorjo Phool || 14 April 2019
|-
| 459 || Nogen Khudur Mohor || 21 April 2019
|-
| 460 || Gondare Gondogol || 28 April 2019
|-
| 461 || Bantul O Rajkonna Fulmoti || 5 May 2019
|-
| 462 || Bantul Jabe Phutuse || 12 May 2019
|-
| 463 || Trapez Dweep-er Dragon || 19 May 2019
|-
| 464 || Ajab Desher Gojb Sheikh || 26 May 2019
|-
| 465 || Dhulguri Rahasya || 2 June 2019
|-
| 466 || Sworno Jahaj Uddhar || 9 June 2019
|-
| 467 || Blue Diamond Rahasya || 16 June 2019
|-
| 468 || Odrisyo Chor || 23 June 2019
|-
| 469 || Hobo Hati-r Kobole Bantul || 30 June 2019
|-
| 470 || Rajkumar Suryer Uddhar Rahasya || 7 July 2019
|-
| 471 || Suryakanta Monir Khoje Bantul || 14 July 2019
|-
| 472 || Bantul-er Jol-e Dakater Dol || 21 July 2019
|-
| 473 || Maharaj Shaktidombher Darpachurno || 28 July 2019
|-
| 474 || Somudragor-er Bhoot Rahasya || 4 August 2019
|-
| 475 || Bantul O Mohishashur || 11 August 2019
|-
| 476 || Gorillar Rahasya Bhed || 18 August 2019
|-
| 477 || Sonar Bol || 25 August 2019
|-
| 478 || Haricharan-er Will Rahasya || 1 September 2019
|-
| 479 || Botbyal Sir-er Medal Churi || 8 September 2019
|-
| 480 || || 15 September 2019
|-
| 481 || Bantul O Poltu || 22 September 2019
|-
| 482 || Bantul-er Buddhir Khel || 29 September 2019
|-
| 483 || Bantul O L10 -er Juddho || 6 October 2019
|-
| 484 || Bhuture Chobi || 13 October 2019
|-
| 485 || Somudragor-e Madanmohan Rahasya || 20 October 2019
|-
| 486 || Necklace Rahasya || 27 October 2019
|-
| 487 || Bhuture Bok || 3 November 2019
|-
| 488 || Devi Leader-er Golpo || 10 November 2019
|-
| 489 || Bantul O Ashchorjo Dweep || 17 November 2019
|-
| 490 || Bhuture Durbin || 24 November 2019
|-
| 491 || Bantul O Hire-r Angti || 1 December 2019
|-
| 492 || Bantul O Bishwa Dour Protijogita || 8 December 2019
|-
| 493 || Jomidar Bireshwar Babu-r Mrittur Rahasya || 15 December 2019
|-
| 494 || Jol Doitto || 22 December 2019
|-
| 495 || Sahebkuthir Bagh Rahasya || 29 December 2019
|-
| 496 || Hati O Hire Rahasya || 5 January 2020
|-
| 497 || Sadhu Baba-r Murti Kand || 12 January 2020
|-
| 498 || Bantul O Machi Rahasya || 19 January 2020
|-
| 499 || Bantul O Arjun Rahasya || 26 January 2020
|-
| 500 || Jadukar-er Boi || 2 February 2020
|-
| 501 || Neel Pahari Rahasya || 9 February 2020
|-
| 502 || Madhabpur-er Trishul Rahasya || 16 February 2020
|-
| 503 || Ayna Rahasya || 23 February 2020
|-
| 504 || Bantul-er Bhuter Golpo || 1 March 2020
|-
| 505 || Dragon Deshe Bantul || 8 March 2020
|-
| 506 || Bhooter Rajosobhay Bantul || 15 March 2020
|-
| 507 || Bantul O Rajkumari Chandramala Uddhar Rahasya || 22 March 2020
|-
| 508 || Nitai-r Biye || 29 March 2020
|-
| 509 || Bantul O Somudro Doitto || 5 April 2020
|-
| 510 || Guptodhoner Noksha || 12 April 2020
|-
| 511 || Hire Churi || 19 April 2020
|-
| 512 || Raja Toras-er Durmulyo Hire || 26 April 2020
|-
| 513 || Bheen Groher Shompod || 3 May 2020
|-
| 514 || Torobari Rahasya || 10 May 2020
|-
| 515 || Rajendraprasad-er Hotya Rahasya || 17 May 2020
|-
| 516 || Bantul O Mohadanob || 24 May 2020
|-
| 517 || Bantul O Bagh Debota || 31 May 2020
|-
| 518 || Shombhonath-er Ashrom || 7 June 2020
|-
| 519 || Jonakpur Rahasya || 14 June 2020
|-
| 520 || Bantul O Sada Payra || 21 June 2020
|-
| 521 || Danob Loke Bantul || 28 June 2020
|-
| 522 || Bichchur Bodhday || 5 July 2020
|-
| 523 || Golokpur Rahasya || 12 July 2020
|-
| 524 || Gari Rahasya || 19 July 2020
|-
| 525 || Nawabgonj Rahasya || 26 July 2020
|-
| 526 || Ulkapindo O Bantul || 2 August 2020
|-
| 527 || Indumala Uddhar Rahasya || 9 August 2020
|-
| 528 || Lal Kankrar Deshe Bantul || 16 August 2020
|-
| 529 || Misti Rahasya || 23 August 2020
|-
| 530 || Sirin Groher Kahini || 30 August 2020
|-
| 531 || Gondogram-e Gondogol || 6 September 2020
|-
| 532 || Lokkho Bhed || 13 September 2020
|-
| 533 || Rahasymoy || 20 September 2020
|-
| 534 || Sommohon-er Kobole || 27 September 2020
|-
| 535 || Shaktiman Raja || 4 October 2020
|-
| 536 || Bantul O Golpo Dadu || 11 October 2020
|-
| 537 || Adbhut Todon || 18 October 2020
|-
| 538 || Goenda-r Golpo || 25 October 2020
|-
| 539 || Boxar Bantul || 1 November 2020
|-
| 540 || Khuni Ke || 8 November 2020
|-
| 541 || Ray Bari-r Mohor || 15 November 2020
|-
| 542 || Jolonto Timi || 22 November 2020
|-
| 543 || Chheldhorar Dol || 29 November 2020
|-
| 544 || Hire-r Angti || 6 December 2020
|-
| 545 || Bichchur Borolok Hoya || 13 December 2020
|-
| 546 || Hire Churir Porda Fash || 20 December 2020
|-
| 547 || Nephrodet-er Beral || 27 December 2020
|-
| 548 || Bhuter Football || 3 January 2021
|-
| 549 || Bhoot Rahasya || 10 January 2021
|-
| 550 || Rahasymoy Neeldighi || 17 January 2021
|-
| 551 || Bantul O Daku Shera Singh || 24 January 2021
|-
| 552 || Chandnigor Rahasya || 31 January 2021
|-
| 553 || Angel Grohe Bantul || 7 February 2021
|-
| 554 || Roshikpur Rahasya || 14 February 2021
|-
| 555 || Jungle Kand || 21 February 2021
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb title|30490700}}

[[Category:Indian animated television series]]
[[Category:2010s animated television series]]
[[Category:Animated series based on comics]]

Kaun Hai?

2025-09-11T19:55:16Z

Ferdinand78P: adding new article.

{{Short description|Indian horror series}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2020}}
{{Infobox television
| image = Kaun Hai? Colors.jpeg
| alt_name =
| genre = [[Horror fiction|Horror]]<ref name="Colors Launches A Spooky Series Titled 'Kaun Hai?'">{{cite news|url=https://www.mumbailive.com/en/entertainment/colors-launches-a-spooky-series-titled-kaun-hai-25326|title=Colors Launches A Spooky Series Titled 'Kaun Hai?'|publisher=Mumbai Live|date=28 June 2018|accessdate=13 July 2018}}</ref>
| creator = [[Abhimanyu Singh (producer)|Abhimanyu Singh]]
| developer = Abhimanyu Singh
| writer = [[Arshad Sayed]]
| screenplay = Arshad Sayed
| story = Arshad Sayed
| director =
| creative_director = Aman Jain Nitish Ranjan
| presenter =
| starring =
| judges =
| composer = The Music Factory
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| num_seasons = 2
| num_episodes = 41
| list_episodes =
| executive_producer = Abhimanyu Singh Dupari Singh
| producer = Abhimanyu Singh Rupali Singh
| location = Mumbai
| cinematography = Indranil Singha
| editor = K. Raj Gopal
| camera = [[Multiple-camera setup|Multiple-camera]]
| runtime = 40 - 45 minutes approximately
| company = [[Contiloe Entertainment|Contiloe Pictures]]
| network = [[Colors TV]]
| first_aired = {{start date|df=yes|2018|6|29}}
| last_aired = {{end date|df=yes|2018|10|14}}
| related =
}}

'''''Kaun Hai?''''' ({{Translation|''who is?''}}) is an Indian Hindi horror anthology television series produced by [[Contiloe Entertainment]]. It premiered 29 June 2018 on [[Colors TV]] and ended on 14 October 2018 that same year, lasting two seasons.

''Kaun Hai?'' season 1 featured an episodic cast and finished off with 33 episodes on 16 September 2018 to make way for ''Kaun Hai? 2'', a series for 8 episodes starring real-life couple [[Vatsal Sheth]] and [[Ishita Dutta]] with [[Amrapali Gupta]] in a negative role.

==Plot==
===Season 1===
The program is based on that real fear, experienced by people in haunted places.<ref name="Watch Kaun Hai?, Colors Hindi TV Serial All Latest Episodes">{{cite web|url=https://www.voot.com/shows/kaun-hai-/1/612655|title=Watch Kaun Hai?, Colors Hindi TV Serial All Latest Episodes|publisher=[[Voot]]|date=28 June 2018|accessdate=13 July 2018}}</ref>

===Season 2===
The story starts with a battle of the [[Daityas]] and the [[Puranas]] because the Daityas wanted to open the door to hell and take control of the world by letting Asuras run rampant. While the Daityas are [[Diti]] ([[Amrapali Gupta]]), her elder son [[Hiranyakashipu]] ([[Arpit Ranka]]), and her younger son [[Hiranyaksha]] ([[Vatsal Sheth]]); the Puranas include Hiranyakashipu's son, [[Prahlada|Prahlad]], and his teacher Anandi ([[Neetha Shetty]]), both of whom are devotees of [[Vishnu|Lord Vishnu]]. In the battle, Hrinayakashipu is killed by Vishnu’s Narasimha avatar. Later, Hiranyaksha also dies at the hands of Vishnu, but he vows that he will reincarnate to fulfill his destiny and make his mother the queen of the world.

Thousands of years later, a child named Yatin Chaudhary is born and is revealed to be Hiranyaksha's reincarnation. Diti starts working in the Chaudhary house as Yatin’s nanny. Diti’s reality is found out by Krishika, Yatin’s biological mother, but Krishika is killed by her.

Yatin has grown up and is a 24 year-old boy, having the powers of Hiranyaksha from his past with the help of Diti, who has confined Krishika’s spirit in a secret room to suppress Yatin’s goodness. Hiranyakashipu’s spirit is alive through the flames and he meets Yatin and Diti. He tells them to complete the mission so he can be alive again.

The next day, Yatin sees Vaishnavi ([[Ishita Dutta]]), a beautiful innocent girl who is the daughter of Dutta (Inder's rival). Later it is revealed that Vaishnavi is the reincarnation of Vishnu’s Narasimha avatar. Vaishnavi is unaware of her real identity.

Diti encourages Yatin to kill Vaishnavi, but only after they get married. The only way to get the doors of hell to open is by killing Vaishnavi and stealing her powers. Her powers will awaken only after her marriage with Yatin.

Yatin woos Vaishnavi as per plan. However, Vaishnavi’s dad is against their relationship. Diti calls upon a blood-sucking witch to control Dutta and get him to agree to the wedding.

Meanwhile, Anandi tries to reveal Vaishnavi’s real identity to her but Vaishnavi isn’t willing to trust her and thinks Anandi is crazy.

Yatin's goodness starts to prevail over him and he starts falling for Vaishnavi. Vaishnavi and Yatin get married even after the Puranas try to stop their union. After the wedding, Vaishnavi starts gaining her power.

Later, Yatin fails to kill Vaishnavi on their wedding night and realizes he truly loves her and can’t hurt her. Vaishnavi learns the truth about herself and her destiny. She is hurt to know that Yatin betrayed her.

On the other hand, Prahlada sacrifices himself to bring his father back to life so Vaishnavi can end him once and for all.

Hiranyakashipu encourages Yatin to kill Vaishnavi but Yatin isn’t able to. In rage, Hiranyakashipu stabs Yatin and decides to take revenge on Narashima for what happened in the past. However, he ends up dying the same death.

Time runs out as the three stars go past their alignment. Diti vanishes as Asuras are eliminated once and for all. Yatin dies in Vaishnavi’s arms and vows to be with her in each reincarnation.

==Production==
''Kaun Hai?'' is created by Abhimanyu Singh and is produced by his company Contiloe Pictures, which also created successful horror shows like ''[[Ssshhhh...Phir Koi Hai#Season 2 (2006–2009)|Ssshhhh...Phir Koi Hai]]'' and ''[[Fear Files: Darr Ki Sacchi Tasvirein]]'' for [[Star One (Indian TV channel)|Star One]] and [[Zee TV]] respectively.<ref name="Colors Launches A Spooky Series Titled 'Kaun Hai?'"/>

Colors programming head, Manisha Sharma said, "Through Kaun Hai? we are going back to the basics and reviving the genre to make our entertainment catalogue robust."<ref name="Colors Launches A Spooky Series Titled 'Kaun Hai?'"/>

The series has been filmed in various parts of India. Abhimanyu Singh - CEO Contiloe Pictures said "Kaun Hai has been shot extensively across location in various parts of the country such as [[Kashmir]], [[Rajasthan]], [[Gujarat]], [[Calcutta]], [[Madhya Pradesh]] to name a few."<ref name="Colors Launches A Spooky Series Titled 'Kaun Hai?'"/>

First episode was shot in Kashmir and starred [[Shaleen Bhanot]]. "It was shot in Kashmir and I am very fascinated by hills and mountains. It was great fun," said Bhanot.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/amp/entertainment/telly-talk/article/shaleen-bhanot-looking-for-positive-roles/256226|title=Shaleen Bhanot looking for positive roles|publisher=[[Times Now]]|date=18 July 2018|accessdate=19 July 2018}}</ref>

==Reception==
The first episode of the show received 3.89 million impressions, and ranked at 11th position in the list of top 20 Hindi TV shows.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/soaps/story/rating-war-horror-genre-is-back-on-tv-qayamat-ki-raat-and-kaun-hai-rakes-in-ratings-1279250-2018-07-06|title=Rating war: Horror genre is back on TV; Qayamat Ki Raat and Kaun Hai rake in ratings|work=India Today|date=6 July 2018|accessdate=13 July 2018}}</ref>

===Response from artists===
Some actors experienced spooky experiences while shooting. Bhanot said, "I never used to believe in ghosts until ‘Kaun Hai?’. But I had a couple of spooky experiences while shooting."<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.indiawest.com/entertainment/television/fear-has-a-new-address-with-kaun-hai/article_eb08a872-7c8a-11e8-8e1b-b766311f2dc2.html|title=Fear Has a New Address with 'Kaun Hai?'|publisher=India West|date=30 June 2018|accessdate=28 July 2018|archive-date=29 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180729141636/http://www.indiawest.com/entertainment/television/fear-has-a-new-address-with-kaun-hai/article_eb08a872-7c8a-11e8-8e1b-b766311f2dc2.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Speaking about the story, he said that the story was "brilliant and scary".<ref name="Colors Launches A Spooky Series Titled 'Kaun Hai?'"/> While shooting in a haveli, Ishita Ganguly said that "she experienced an eerie feeling around her at all times".<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.mumbailive.com/en/entertainment/aditi-abrol-and-ishita-ganguly-promise-nail-biting-stories-on-colors-show-'kaun-hai'-25695|title=Aditi Abrol And Ishita Ganguly Promise Nail-Biting Stories On Colors Show 'Kaun Hai?'|publisher=Mumbai Live|date=7 July 2018|accessdate=28 July 2018}}</ref> Charu Asopa who shot for the episode "Warehouse No. 4", found its story interesting. "The reason for taking up horror series once again was the intriguing concept of Nightshift", she said. She found the story so scary that she "found it hard to get proper sleep".<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/charu-asopa-had-sleepless-nights-after-shooting-for-kaun-hai/articleshow/65148633.cms|title=Charu Asopa had sleepless nights after shooting for 'Kaun Hai?'|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|date=26 July 2018|accessdate=28 July 2018}}</ref>

[[Rajkummar Rao]] and [[Shraddha Kapoor]] acted in "Stree visits a haunted studio" aired on 31 August 2018 for the promotion of their film ''[[Stree (2018 film)|Stree]]''.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.uniindia.com/rajkumar-rao-shraddha-kapoor-to-be-seen-in-colors-kaun-hai/entertainment/news/1336436.html|title=Rajkumar Rao, Shraddha Kapoor to be seen in Colors' 'Kaun Hai?'|publisher=[[United News of India]]|date=31 August 2018|accessdate=3 September 2018}}</ref>

==Season-1==
Every week, two stories are telecast with one story being split into two episodes and the other story being shown in a single episode. Each story has a different star cast.
{{Episode table
|background = #00ccff
|overall = 6 |series = 6 |title = 25 |director = 14 |writer = 14 |aux2= 25 |airdate = 14
|overallT = Story
|seriesT = Episode
|aux2T = Artists
|episodes =
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 1
|EpisodeNumber2 = 1
|Title = Bewafa
|DirectedBy = Rajesh Ranasinghe
|WrittenBy = Arshad Sayed
|Aux2 = [[Shalin Bhanot]], [[Neetha Shetty]] & Anaya Shivan
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2018|6|29}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.voot.com/shows/kaun-hai-/1/612655/bewafa/612764|title=Bewafa|publisher=Voot|date=30 June 2018|accessdate=13 July 2018}}</ref>
|ShortSummary = An author and his family are haunted by a spirit whilst renting a room at an abandoned hotel in Mussoorie. The spirit decides to teach the author a lesson as he has been cheating on his wife.
|LineColor = 00ccff
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 2a
|EpisodeNumber2 = 2
|Title = The mysterious doll of Putulganj
|DirectedBy = Govind Agrawal
|WrittenBy = Arshad Sayed
|Aux2 = [[Pankhuri Awasthy Rode]], [[Abhishek Malik]], [[Roma Arora]], Niya Sharma & Hemant Choudhary
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2018|6|30}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.voot.com/shows/kaun-hai-/1/612655/the-mysterious-doll-of-putulganj-part-1/612852|title=The mysterious doll of Putulganj - Part 1|publisher=Voot|date=1 July 2018|accessdate=13 July 2018}}</ref>
|ShortSummary = After she buys a doll from an antique shop, Anvesha suffers from nightmares relating to an old burnt down house. Babul Da finds that, in her past life, Anvesha was the reason behind her best friend's death.
|LineColor = 00ccff
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 2b
|EpisodeNumber2 = 3
|Title = The mysterious doll of Putulganj
|DirectedBy = Govind Agrawal
|WrittenBy = Arshad Sayed
|Aux2 = Pankhuri Awasthy Rode, Abhishek Malik, Roma Arora, Niya Sharma & Hemant Choudhary
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2018|7|1}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.voot.com/shows/kaun-hai-/1/612655/the-mysterious-doll-of-putulganj-part-2/613098|title=The mysterious doll of Putulganj - Part 2|publisher=Voot|date=2 July 2018|accessdate=13 July 2018}}</ref>
|ShortSummary = Anvesha runs out of time while saving herself and her friends from the spirit of Surangini. Everyone is shocked to find out the truth behind Surangini's murder.
|LineColor = 00ccff
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 3a
|EpisodeNumber2 = 4
|Title = The horror of the Jinn
|DirectedBy = Govind Agrawal
|WrittenBy = Arshad Sayed
|Aux2 = [[Anjali Abrol]] & Raj Logani
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2018|7|6}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.voot.com/shows/kaun-hai-/1/612655/the-horror-of-the-jinn-part-1/614244|title=The horror of the Jinn - Part 1|publisher=Voot|date=7 July 2018|accessdate=13 July 2018}}</ref>
|ShortSummary = Aamna's mother-in-law constantly insults her as she cannot bear a child. Later, a gin in an abandoned house grants her the wish of motherhood. However, the gin has a sinister intent.
|LineColor = 00ccff
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 3b
|EpisodeNumber2 = 5
|Title = The horror of the Jinn
|DirectedBy = Govind Agrawal
|WrittenBy = Arshad Sayed
|Aux2 = Anjali Abrol & Raj Logani
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2018|7|7}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.voot.com/shows/kaun-hai-/1/612655/the-horror-of-the-jinn-part-2/614390|title=The horror of the Jinn - Part 2|publisher=Voot|date=8 July 2018|accessdate=13 July 2018}}</ref>
|ShortSummary = Aamna is thrilled to know that she is indeed pregnant after the gin grants her wish. However, the gin demands that she offer her baby to him as his servant.
|LineColor = 00ccff
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 4
|EpisodeNumber2 = 6
|Title = The bats of Ranakpur
|DirectedBy = Govind Agrawal
|WrittenBy = Arshad Sayed
|Aux2 = [[Ankit Arora]], [[Ishita Ganguly]] & Ashish Dixit
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2018|7|8}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.voot.com/shows/kaun-hai-/1/612655/the-bats-of-ranakpur/614594|title=The bats of Ranakpur|publisher=Voot|date=9 July 2018|accessdate=13 July 2018}}</ref>
|ShortSummary = A group of journalists led by Raisa and Ankit visit the mansion of Ranakpur. Raisa feels connected to the mansion and its owner, Raghvendra Singh Rana.
|LineColor = 00ccff
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 5
|EpisodeNumber2 = 7
|Title = Anamika
|DirectedBy = Rajesh Ranasinghe
|WrittenBy = Arshad Sayed
|Aux2 = [[Payal Rajput]] & [[Manoj Chandila]]
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2018|7|13}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.voot.com/shows/kaun-hai-/1/612655/anamika/615736|title=Anamika|publisher=Voot|date=14 July 2018|accessdate=14 July 2018}}</ref>
|ShortSummary = Suraj, a young forest officer, saves a woman from being killed in a bus accident and falls in love with her and marries her. However, Suraj does not know that the lady is a witch and plans to have a child with Suraj to increase her life span.
|LineColor = 00ccff
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 6a
|EpisodeNumber2 = 8
|Title = Black water
|DirectedBy = Pavan Kaul
|WrittenBy = Arshad Sayed
|Aux2 = [[Sonia Balani]] & Zaan Khan
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2018|7|14}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.voot.com/shows/kaun-hai-/1/612655/black-water-part-1/615865|title=Black water Part- 1|publisher=Voot|date=15 July 2018|accessdate=17 July 2018}}</ref>
|ShortSummary = Sonika, a girl, is haunted by a ghost, who lives in a water body. The ghost leaves clues for Sonika to discover how she was murdered.
|LineColor = 00ccff
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 6b
|EpisodeNumber2 = 9
|Title = Black water
|DirectedBy = Pavan Kaul
|WrittenBy = Arshad Sayed
|Aux2 = Sonia Balani & Zaan Khan
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2018|7|15}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.voot.com/shows/kaun-hai-/1/612655/black-water-part-2/616108|title=Black water Part- 2|publisher=Voot|date=16 July 2018|accessdate=17 July 2018}}</ref>
|ShortSummary = Sonika discovers that the ghost was a girl who used to date a boy, Rohit, in her building. Later, Rohit and Sonika find out that the dead girl was raped and killed by Rohit's older brother and he dumped her in a water tank.
|LineColor = 00ccff
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 7a
|EpisodeNumber2 = 10
|Title = Mother
|DirectedBy = Govind Agrawal
|WrittenBy = Arshad Sayed
|Aux2 = [[Pallavi Subhash]] & Lily Patel
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2018|7|20}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.voot.com/shows/kaun-hai-/1/612655/mother-part-1/617501|title=Mother Part - 1|publisher=Voot|date=21 July 2018|accessdate=21 July 2018}}</ref>
|ShortSummary = A young couple's daughter starts seeing a spirit and calls it Maa. Initially, everyone in the family ignores it, but then they realize that she is speaking the truth when the spirit starts to haunt them.
|LineColor = 00ccff
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 7b
|EpisodeNumber2 = 11
|Title = Mother
|DirectedBy = Govind Agrawal
|WrittenBy = Arshad Sayed
|Aux2 = Pallavi Subhash & Lily Patel
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2018|7|21}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.voot.com/shows/kaun-hai-/1/612655/mother-part-2/617626|title=Mother Part-2|publisher=Voot|date=22 July 2018|accessdate=22 July 2018}}</ref>
|ShortSummary = A couple is in shock when they learn that their daughter has disappeared. Later, they decide that they should unite the spirit's daughter with her soul.
|LineColor = 00ccff
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 7c
|EpisodeNumber2 = 12
|Title = Mother
|DirectedBy = Govind Agrawal
|WrittenBy = Arshad Sayed
|Aux2 = Pallavi Subhash, Farah Hussain & Lily Patel
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2018|7|22}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.voot.com/shows/kaun-hai-/1/612655/mother-part-3/617789|title=Mother Part-3|publisher=Voot|date=23 July 2018|accessdate=23 July 2018}}</ref>
|ShortSummary = A couple soon realizes that their daughter was born one hundred years ago and has been dead for a long period of time.
|LineColor = 00ccff
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 8
|EpisodeNumber2 = 13
|Title = Curse of the Karna Pishachini
|DirectedBy = Pavan Kaul
|WrittenBy = Arshad Sayed
|Aux2 = [[Sonali Nikam]]
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2018|7|27}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.voot.com/shows/kaun-hai-/1/612655/curse-of-the-karna-pishachini/618739|title=Karna Pishachini|publisher=Voot|date=28 July 2018|accessdate=29 July 2018}}</ref>
|ShortSummary = Aghoris helps Kalindi kill Surabhi, the younger daughter-in-law of the house, who is everyone's favorite. But things start to change when Kalindi becomes the target of Karn Pisaachini.
|LineColor = 00ccff
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 9
|EpisodeNumber2 = 14
|Title = Warehouse No. 4
|DirectedBy = Vinod Manikrao
|WrittenBy = Arshad Sayed
|Aux2 = [[Meer Ali]], [[Charu Asopa]] & Nawab Khan
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2018|7|28}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.voot.com/shows/kaun-hai-/1/612655/warehouse-no-4/618862|title=Warehouse No. 4|publisher=Voot|date=29 July 2018|accessdate=29 July 2018}}</ref>
|ShortSummary = A factory worker begins to work at night again, two years after the shift was stopped due to rumors of a demon. Soon, he notices the presence of a spirit when a number of untoward events occur.
|LineColor = 00ccff
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 10
|EpisodeNumber2 = 15
|Title = Shankchunni
|DirectedBy = Pavan Kaul
|WrittenBy = Gibran Noorani
|Aux2 = [[Romit Raj]] & Keertida Mistry,Anujha Wahle
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2018|8|3}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.voot.com/shows/kaun-hai-/1/612655/shakchunni/619871|title=Shakchunni|publisher=Voot|date=4 August 2018|accessdate=6 August 2018}}</ref>
|ShortSummary = Three newlywed couples decide to stay in a guest house, when their car breaks down, although the caretaker of the place warns them that a spirit, Shakchunni, claims the lives of recently married partners. Later, a couple goes missing.
|LineColor = 00ccff
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 11a
|EpisodeNumber2 = 16
|Title = Manglik Bahu
|DirectedBy = Rajesh Ranasinghe
|WrittenBy = Arshad Sayed
|Aux2 = [[Sana Amin Sheikh]] & [[Vishal Gandhi]]
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2018|8|4}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.voot.com/shows/kaun-hai-/1/612655/manglik-bahu-part-1/620049|title=Manglik Bahu Part-1|publisher=Voot|date=5 August 2018|accessdate=6 August 2018}}</ref>
|ShortSummary = Viren's deceased wife, Madhulika, possesses him on the day he marries Yamini, a 'manglik' girl. She threatens to kill Viren unless Yamini helps him find her killer.
|LineColor = 00ccff
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 11b
|EpisodeNumber2 = 17
|Title = Manglik Bahu
|DirectedBy = Rajesh Ranasinghe
|WrittenBy = Arshad Sayed
|Aux2 = Sana Amin Sheikh & Vishal Gandhi
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2018|8|5}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.voot.com/shows/kaun-hai-/1/612655/manglik-bahu-part-2/620181|title=Manglik Bahu Part-2|publisher=Voot|date=6 August 2018|accessdate=6 August 2018}}</ref>
|ShortSummary = To ensure Viren's safety, Yamini agrees to help Madhulika find the culprit behind her death. As time progresses, Yamini unravels a horrendous truth about Girdhari Lal, Viren's uncle.
|LineColor = 00ccff
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 12
|EpisodeNumber2 = 18
|Title = Pind Daan
|DirectedBy = Vinod Manikrao
|WrittenBy = Sameeir Modi
|Aux2 = [[Ayaz Khan]]
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2018|8|10}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.voot.com/shows/kaun-hai-/1/612655/pind-daan/620944|title=Pind Daan|publisher=Voot|date=11 August 2018|accessdate=13 August 2018}}</ref>
|ShortSummary = When Raghav offers a Pind Daan in the memory of his late father, the priest perceives the presence of an occult. Soon, the family is troubled by paranormal activities in their house. Raghav learns that the answer lies somewhere in his past.
|LineColor = 00ccff
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 13a
|EpisodeNumber2 = 19
|Title = The Old Ruins
|DirectedBy = Govind Agrawal
|WrittenBy = Arshad Sayed
|Aux2 = [[Nikita Sharma]], Reyaansh Chaddha, Vimarsh Roshan, Raja Kapse
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2018|8|11}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.voot.com/shows/kaun-hai-/1/612655/the-old-ruins-part-1/621129|title=The Old Ruins Part-1|publisher=Voot|date=12 August 2018|accessdate=13 August 2018}}</ref>
|ShortSummary = Four partners visit a necromancer to communicate with their dead friend, and to find the whereabouts of a lost treasure. The spirit guides them to the ruins, but little do they know that trouble lurks around them.
|LineColor = 00ccff
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 13b
|EpisodeNumber2 = 20
|Title = The Old Ruins
|DirectedBy = Govind Agrawal
|WrittenBy = Arshad Sayed
|Aux2 = Nikita Sharma, Reyaansh Chaddha, Vimarsh Roshan, Raja Kapse
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2018|8|12}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.voot.com/shows/kaun-hai-/1/612655/the-old-ruins-part-2/621248|title=The Old Ruins Part-2|publisher=Voot|date=13 August 2018|accessdate=13 August 2018}}</ref>
|ShortSummary = Rahul's life is turned upside down when he uncovers the true culprit behind his father's death. To make matters worse, Bhujang comes back to life looking for revenge and goes on a killing spree, marking Rahul as his next target.
|LineColor = 00ccff
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 14
|EpisodeNumber2 = 21
|Title = The Haunted Jail
|DirectedBy = Rajesh Ranasinghe
|WrittenBy = Aditya Narayan Singh & Gaurav Mishra
|Aux2 = [[Sachin Shroff]], [[Preet Kaur Madhan]] & Harshita Shukla
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2018|8|17}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.voot.com/shows/kaun-hai-/1/612655/the-haunted-jail/622459|title=The Haunted Jail|publisher=Voot|date=18 August 2018|accessdate=20 August 2018}}</ref>
|ShortSummary = Abhinav takes charge of the same jail where his grandmother was martyred. Soon, he uncovers that the jail is haunted by the spirit of an old jailer. Abhinav and his family's lives are in grave danger.
|LineColor = 00ccff
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 15a
|EpisodeNumber2 = 22
|Title = The return of Vedal
|DirectedBy = Rajesh Ranasinghe
|WrittenBy = Arshad Sayed
|Aux2 = Jatin Shah & [[Heena Parmar]]
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2018|8|18}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.voot.com/shows/kaun-hai-/1/612655/the-return-of-vedal-part-1/622573|title=The return of Vedal Part - 1|publisher=Voot|date=19 August 2018|accessdate=20 August 2018}}</ref>
|ShortSummary = An archaeological survey team led by Mugdha, visits an ancient cave in Pachmarhi to restore the precious monuments within it. But their visit turns into a nightmare when they encounter an ancient evil named Vedal.
|LineColor = 00ccff
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 15b
|EpisodeNumber2 = 23
|Title = The return of Vedal
|DirectedBy = Rajesh Ranasinghe
|WrittenBy = Arshad Sayed
|Aux2 = Jatin Shah & Heena Parmar
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2018|8|19}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.voot.com/shows/kaun-hai-/1/612655/the-return-of-vedal-part-2/622649|title=The return of Vedal Part - 2|publisher=Voot|date=20 August 2018|accessdate=20 August 2018}}</ref>
|ShortSummary = Vedal's terror continues as he kills five members of the Archaeological team. Now, he is out to claim the lives of the remaining members, including Mugdha, and to offer them as sacrifice to the goddess Vidalika.
|LineColor = 00ccff
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 16
|EpisodeNumber2 = 24
|Title = The curse of Bhanumati
|DirectedBy = Ajay Mishra
|WrittenBy = Sameeir Modi
|Aux2 = [[Tanya Sharma]], [[Varun Sharma (TV actor)|Varun Sharma]] & [[Ankit Bhardwaj]]
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2018|8|24}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.voot.com/shows/kaun-hai-/1/612655/the-curse-of-bhanumati/623789|title=The curse of Bhanumati|publisher=Voot|date=25 August 2018|accessdate=27 August 2018}}</ref>
|ShortSummary = Deepak and Divya arrive at the town of Gangapur to attend a function and celebrate Raksha Bandhan. There they are besotted by the ghost of Bhanumati who hunts down all who celebrate Raksha Bandhan.
|LineColor = 00ccff
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 17a
|EpisodeNumber2 = 25
|Title = The heir of Dhawalgarh
|DirectedBy = Rajeev Bhanot
|WrittenBy = Arshad Sayed
|Aux2 = Piyali Munshi, Haelyn Shastri, [[Kanan Malhotra]] & [[Paras Kalnawat]], [[Pravisht Mishra]]
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2018|8|25}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.voot.com/shows/kaun-hai-/1/612655/the-heir-of-dhawalgarh-part-1/623972|title=The heir of Dhawalgarh Part - 1|publisher=Voot|date=26 August 2018|accessdate=27 August 2018}}</ref>
|ShortSummary = Rudrapratap's love story takes a terrifying turn when he learns that his partner Reshma is actually a witch. The situation worsens when Reshma reveals that she is pregnant with his child. Haunted by this revelation, Rudrapratap abandons her.
|LineColor = 00ccff
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 17b
|EpisodeNumber2 = 26
|Title = The heir of Dhawalgarh
|DirectedBy = Rajeev Bhanot
|WrittenBy = Arshad Sayed
|Aux2 = Piyali Munshi, [[Kanan Malhotra]] & [[Paras Kalnawat]]
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2018|8|26}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.voot.com/shows/kaun-hai-/1/612655/the-heir-of-dhawalgarh-part-2/624171|title=The heir of Dhawalgarh Part - 2|publisher=Voot|date=27 August 2018|accessdate=27 August 2018}}</ref>
|ShortSummary = After Rudrapratap chooses Ratan as his heir and the new owner of the Dhawalgarh mansion, Reshma's curse comes back to haunt his family. Reshma's demon child is out to claim his right as Rudrapratap's rightful heir.
|LineColor = 00ccff
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 18
|EpisodeNumber2 = 27
|Title = Stree visits a haunted studio
|DirectedBy = Ajay Mishra
|WrittenBy = Gibran Noorani
|Aux2 = [[Rajkummar Rao]], [[Shraddha Kapoor]] & [[Madhura Naik]]
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2018|8|31}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.voot.com/shows/kaun-hai-/1/612655/stree-visits-a-haunted-studio/625278|title=Stree visits a haunted studio|publisher=Voot|date=1 September 2018|accessdate=3 September 2018}}</ref>
|ShortSummary = Rajkummar Rao and Shraddha Kapoor, stars of the film Stree visit Nandini, a budding actress. But little do they know that Nandini's studio has a sinister reputation. Soon enough, Nandini gets trapped in it and falls victim to a [[malevolent spirit]].
|LineColor = 00ccff
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 19a
|EpisodeNumber2 = 28
|Title = Servants of Lord Maarkaadev
|DirectedBy = Govind Agrawal
|WrittenBy = Arshad Sayed
|Aux2 = Alan Kapoor, [[Monica Sharma]] & Siraj Mustafa Khan
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2018|9|1}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.voot.com/shows/kaun-hai-/1/612655/servants-of-lord-maarkaadev-part-1/625453|title=Servants of Lord Maarkaadev Part - 1|publisher=Voot|date=2 September 2018|accessdate=3 September 2018}}</ref>
|ShortSummary = Swami Meghanand is involved in a sinister ritual where he hands over young women to an evil spirit as a sacrifice to the deity Lord Maarkaadev. But Meghanand faces the spirit's wrath when he fails to capture a woman named Radhika.
|LineColor = 00ccff
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 19b
|EpisodeNumber2 = 29
|Title = Servants of Lord Maarkaadev
|DirectedBy = Govind Agrawal
|WrittenBy = Arshad Sayed
|Aux2 = Alan Kapoor, Monica Sharma & Siraj Mustafa Khan
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2018|9|2}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.voot.com/shows/kaun-hai-/1/612655/servants-of-lord-maarkaadev-part-2/625575|title=Servants of Lord Maarkaadev Part - 2|publisher=Voot|date=3 September 2018|accessdate=3 September 2018}}</ref>
|ShortSummary = Thakur Ujaagar Singh plans to reincarnate, and to facilitate his plan, Swami Meghanand captures Radhika to be offered as a sacrifice to Lord Maarkaadev in a terrifying ritual.
|LineColor = 00ccff
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 20
|EpisodeNumber2 = 30
|Title = The curse of the Aghori
|DirectedBy = Ajay Mishra
|WrittenBy = Aditya Narayan Singh & Gaurav Mishra
|Aux2 = [[Richa Mukherjee]]
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2018|9|7}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.voot.com/shows/kaun-hai-/1/612655/the-curse-of-the-aghori/626602|title=The curse of the Aghori|publisher=Voot|date=8 September 2018|accessdate=10 September 2018}}</ref>
|ShortSummary = Maya moves to a new house in Mandala with her family. From the moment she steps in to her new home, she receives terrifying visions that she can't explain. Little does she know that the place is host to a curse involving the evil spirit of Aghori.
|LineColor = 00ccff
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 21a
|EpisodeNumber2 = 31
|Title = Doll of death
|DirectedBy = Rajeev Bhanot
|WrittenBy = Arshad Sayed
|Aux2 = [[Anshul Trivedi]], [[Shritama Mukherjee]] & Cheshtha Bhagat
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2018|9|8}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.voot.com/shows/kaun-hai-/1/612655/doll-of-death-part-1/626660|title=Doll of death Part - 1|publisher=Voot|date=9 September 2018|accessdate=10 September 2018}}</ref>
|ShortSummary = Reba's life as a popular actress suffers a terrifying change, when she comes across one of her fans named Simran. Once Reba brings Simran home, strange and unexplained events start to unfold.
|LineColor = 00ccff
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 21b
|EpisodeNumber2 = 32
|Title = Doll of death
|DirectedBy = Rajeev Bhanot
|WrittenBy = Arshad Sayed
|Aux2 = Anshul Trivedi, Shritama Mukherjee & Cheshtha Bhagat
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2018|9|9}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.voot.com/shows/kaun-hai-/1/612655/doll-of-death-part-2/626805|title=Doll of death Part - 2|publisher=Voot|date=10 September 2018|accessdate=10 September 2018}}</ref>
|ShortSummary = Reba's life turns into a nightmare when Simran uses black magic to take over her family and friends. This compels Reba to find a way to take her down. But then she comes across an information about Simran that leaves her more terrified.
|LineColor = 00ccff
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 22
|EpisodeNumber2 = 33
|Title = The spirit of Kamli
|DirectedBy = Govind Agrawal
|WrittenBy = Aditya Narayan Singh & Gaurav Mishra
|Aux2 = [[Priya Marathe]] & Alok Narula
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2018|9|14}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.voot.com/shows/kaun-hai-/1/612655/the-spirit-of-kamli/627675|title=The spirit of Kamli|publisher=Voot|date=15 September 2018|accessdate=17 September 2018}}</ref>
|ShortSummary = Sanjay and his wife Kaavya, move into a new house hoping to build a better life for themselves. But things take a horrifying turn when they encounter the evil spirit of a woman named Kamli, who ends up possessing Kaavya.
|LineColor = 00ccff
}}
}}

===Episodic Cast===
*[[Shalin Bhanot]]
*[[Neetha Shetty]]
*Anaya Shivan
*[[Pankhuri Awasthy Rode]]
*[[Abhishek Malik]]
*Roma Arora
*Niya Sharma
*[[Hemant Choudhary]]
*[[Anjali Abrol]]
*Raj Logani
*[[Ankit Arora]]
*[[Ishita Ganguly]]
*Ashish Dixit
*[[Payal Rajput]]
*[[Manoj Chandila]]
*[[Sonia Balani]]
*Zaan Khan
*[[Pallavi Subhash]]
*Farah Hussain
*Lily Patel
*[[Sonali Nikam]]
*[[Meer Ali]]
*[[Charu Asopa]]
*Nawab Khan
*[[Romit Raj]]
*Keertida Mistry
*Anujha Wahle
*[[Sana Amin Sheikh]]
*[[Vishal Gandhi]]
*[[Ayaz Khan]]
*[[Nikita Sharma]]
*Reyaansh Chaddha
*Vimarsh Roshan
*Raja Kapse
*[[Sachin Shroff]]
*[[Preet Kaur Madhan]]
*Harshita Shukla
*Jatin Shah
*[[Heena Parmar]]

==Season-2==
===Main cast===
* [[Vatsal Sheth]] as [[Hiranyaksha]] / Yatin Chaudhary
* [[Ishita Dutta]] as [[Vaishnavi (Matrika goddess)|Vaishnavi]] / Vaishnavi Yatin Chaudhary
* [[Amrapali Gupta]] as [[Diti]] / Diti Inder Chaudhary
* [[Neetha Shetty]] as Anandi
* [[Arpit Ranka]] as [[Hiranyakashipu]]
* Ashish Dixit as Ankit Arora

==See also==
* [[List of Hindi horror shows]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Colors Programmes}}

[[Category:2018 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:Hindi-language television shows]]
[[Category:Colors TV original programming]]
[[Category:Indian anthology television series]]
[[Category:Indian horror fiction television series]]
[[Category:Indian supernatural television series]]
[[Category:Paranormal reality television series]]
[[Category:2018 Indian television series endings]]

Sabse Funny Kaun

2025-09-10T22:55:14Z

Ferdinand78P: created redirect page

{{short description|2020 Indian web series}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2024}}
{{Infobox television
| image = Sabse Funny Kaun.jpg
| language = Hindi
| caption = Show poster
| genre = [[Comedy show]]
| director = Nazar Abbas
| writer =
| presenter = [[Varun Sharma]]
| country = India
| italic_title =
| num_episodes =
| num_seasons = 1
| list_episodes =
| producer =
| location = [[Mumbai]]
| runtime = 10 minutes
| company = Optimystix Entertainment
| first_aired = {{Start date|2020|09|28|df=y}}
}}

'''Sabse Funny Kaun?''' is a 2020 Indian [[stand-up comedy]] show hosted by actor and comedian [[Varun Sharma]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=2020-09-30|title=Varun Sharma feels happy on being called 'Choocha' or 'Sexa'|url=https://thedailyguardian.com/varun-sharma-feels-happy-on-being-called-choocha-or-sexa/|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-10-05|website=[[The Daily Guardian (India)|The Daily Guardian]]|language=en-US}}</ref> The show is an original series of [[Flipkart Video]] which was launched on Flipkart app on 28 September 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=Ransomware attack on Pooja Bedi's website|url=https://www.tellychakkar.com/movie/movie-news/ransomware-attack-pooja-bedis-website-201005|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-10-05|website=Tellychakkar|language=en}}</ref>

== Show format ==
It is a [[Hindi|Hindi-language]] show where the participants perform their act and then contend against one another.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Bhasin|first=Shriya|date=2020-09-29|title=Varun Sharma: It makes me happy when people refer to me as 'Choocha' or 'Sexa'|url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/celebrities/varun-sharma-it-makes-me-happy-when-people-refer-to-me-as-choocha-or-sexa-652962|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-10-05|website=[[India TV]]|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Varun 'Choocha' Sharma wants to find out 'Sabse Funny Kaun?' - Newztezz Online|url=https://www.newztezz.online/2020/09/varun-choocha-sharma-wants-to-find-out.html|access-date=2020-10-05|website=www.newztezz.online}}</ref> The show features a [[Round-robin tournament|round-robin]] format where participants are eliminated after several losses. Each episode lasts for a little over 10 minutes and at the end of each episode, one winner is declared who moves ahead in the competition. Any four contestants who get the most votes from viewers will go to the semi-final round. In the final round, two contestants will face off against each other and the cumulative scores of all rounds will be used to determine the winner.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-09-29|title=Varun Sharma wants to find out 'Sabse Funny Kaun?'|url=https://www.thecambaypost.com/2020/09/29/varun-sharma-wants-to-find-out-sabse-funny-kaun/|access-date=2020-10-05|website=The Cambay Post|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=2020-09-28|title=Varun Sharma to host Flipkart Video's latest show 'Sabse Funny Kaun?'|url=https://www.mediabrief.com/varun-sharma-flipkart-videos-sabse-funny-kaun/|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-10-05|website=MediaBrief|language=en-US}}</ref>

== Host ==

* [[Varun Sharma]]

== Contestants ==
The show features the following contestants<ref name=":0" />

* Inder Sahani
* Dr. Bhuvan Mohini
* Ravi Badshami
* Arisha
* Himanshu Bawandar
* Aariz
* Dinesh Bawra
* Satyapal
* Gourav Mahna
* Monica Murthy

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==

* [https://stories.flipkart.com/announcement-press-release-flipkart-video-sabse-funny-kaun/ Sabse Funny Kaun?] on [[Flipkart]]
* {{IMDb title|id=13190034}}

[[Category:Hindi-language web series]]
[[Category:2020 web series debuts]]
[[Category:Indian web series]]

Patdaha

2025-08-14T22:42:27Z

Ferdinand78P: started new details

{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2022}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Patdaha
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Census Town
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| imagesize = 300px
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India West Bengal#India
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_mapsize = 300
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in West Bengal##Location in India
| coordinates = {{coord|22.2577|N|88.1593|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = State
| subdivision_name1 = {{flagicon image|Emblem of West Bengal (Banglarmukh) before 2018.png}} [[West Bengal]]
| subdivision_type2 = District
| subdivision_name2 = [[South 24 Parganas]]
| subdivision_type3 = CD block
| subdivision_name3 = [[Diamond Harbour II]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 0.88
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 8
| population_total = 4993
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]]<ref name="wblangoff">{{cite web|title=Fact and Figures|url=https://wb.gov.in/portal/web/guest/facts-and-figures;jsessionid=JzdD9RHb7aMY5esZPtcsIVLy|website=Wb.gov.in|access-date=5 July 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=52nd REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER FOR LINGUISTIC MINORITIES IN INDIA|url=http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf|website=Nclm.nic.in|publisher=[[Ministry of Minority Affairs]]|access-date=5 July 2019|page=85|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525141614/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf|archive-date=25 May 2017}}</ref>
| demographics1_title2 = Additional official
| demographics1_info2 = [[English language|English]]<ref name="wblangoff"/>
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = PIN
| postal_code = 743368
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = +91 3174
| registration_plate = [[List of Regional Transport Office districts in India#WB.E2.80.94West Bengal|WB]]-19 to [[List of Regional Transport Office districts in India#WB.E2.80.94West Bengal|WB]]-22, [[List of Regional Transport Office districts in India#WB.E2.80.94West Bengal|WB]]-95 to [[List of Regional Transport Office districts in India#WB.E2.80.94West Bengal|WB]]-99
| blank1_name_sec1 = Lok Sabha constituency
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Diamond Harbour (Lok Sabha constituency)|Diamond Harbour]]
| blank2_name_sec1 = Vidhan Sabha constituency
| blank2_info_sec1 = [[Diamond Harbour (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Diamond Harbour]]
| website = {{URL|www.s24pgs.gov.in}}
| footnotes =
}}
'''Patdaha''' is a [[census town]] within the jurisdiction of the [[Diamond Harbour]] police station in the [[Diamond Harbour II]] [[Community development block in India|CD block]] in the [[Diamond Harbour subdivision]] of the [[South 24 Parganas]] district in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[West Bengal]].

==Geography==
{{OSM Location map
| width=300| height=300| zoom=10
| coord={{coord|22|10|0|N|88|12|0|E}}| float=left|caption='''Cities and towns in the western part of Diamond Harbour subdivision (including Falta, Diamond Harbour I & II, Kulpi CD blocks) in South 24 Parganas district''' M: municipal city/ town, CT: census town, R: rural/ urban centre, N: neighbourhood, H: historical place/ religious centre Owing to space constraints in the small map, the actual locations in a larger map may vary slightly
|mark-coord1={{coord|22|18|50|N|88|14|50|E}} | label-pos1=left|label1= Hasimnagar| numbered1=CT| mark-title1= [[Hasimnagar]] (CT)|label-color1= #800000 |label-size1=11| mark-size1=12|shape1=l-circle|shape-color1=#A40000|shape-outline1=white|label-offset-x1=2
|mark-coord2={{coord|22|18|50|N|88|15|50|E}} | label-pos2=right|label2=Baneshwarpur| numbered2=CT| mark-title2= [[Baneshwarpur]] (CT)
|mark-coord3={{coord|22|17|10|N|88|9|30|E}} | label-pos3=left|label3=Chandpala |labela3 = Anantapathpur| numbered3=CT| mark-title3= [[Chandpala Anantapathpur]] (CT)
|mark-coord4={{coord|22|17|8|N|88|13|56|E}} | label-pos4=right|label4=Fatepur| numbered4=CT| mark-title4= [[Fatepur, Falta]] (CT)
|mark-coord5={{coord|22|18|35|N|88|7|42|E}} | label-pos5=left|label5= Falta| numbered5=R| mark-title5= [[Falta, South 24 Parganas]] (R)|shape-color5=#C42222
|mark-coord6={{coord|22|17|58|N|88|11|3|E}} | label-pos6=right|label6= Harindanga| numbered6=R| mark-title6= [[Harindanga, Falta]] (R)|shape-color6=#C42222
|mark-coord7={{coord|22|17|50|N|88|8|23|E}} | label-pos7=left|label7= Punya| numbered7=R| mark-title7= [[Punya, Falta]] (R)|shape-color7=#C42222
|mark-coord8={{coord|22|15|27|N|88|9|40|E}} | label-pos8=left|label8=Patdaha| numbered8=CT| mark-title8= Patdaha (CT)|shape-color8=black| label-size8=13|label-color8=black 
|mark-coord9={{coord|22|13|07|N|88|7|18|E}} | label-pos9=left|label9= Raichak| numbered9=R| mark-title9= [[Raichak]] (R)|shape-color9=#C42222
|mark-coord10={{coord|22|15|30|N|88|11|24|E}} | label-pos10=top|label10= Sarisha| numbered10=R| mark-title10= [[Sarisha]] (R)|shape-color10=#C42222
|mark-coord11={{coord|22|14|30|N|88|5|28|E}} | label-pos11=left|label11= Ramnagar| numbered11=R| mark-title11= [[Ramnagar, Diamond Harbour]] (R)|shape-color11=#C42222
|mark-coord12={{coord|22|12|15|N|88|8|15|E}} | label-pos12=left|label12= Parulia| numbered12=R| mark-title12= [[Parulia, Diamond Harbour]] (R)|shape-color12=#0048BA
|mark-coord13={{coord|22|14|35|N|88|10|0|E}} | label-pos13=right|label13= Bhushna| numbered13=R| mark-title13= [[Bhushna]] (R)|shape-color13=#C42222
|mark-coord14={{coord|22|11|20|N|88|12|8|E}} | label-pos14=right|label14=Diamond Harbour| numbered14=M| mark-title14= [[Diamond Harbour]] (M) |shape-color14=#800000
|mark-coord15={{coord|22|15|41|N|88|14|43|E}} | label-pos15=right|label15=Masat| numbered15=CT| mark-title15= [[Masat, Diamond Harbour]] (CT)
|mark-coord16={{coord|22|14|51|N|88|15|10|E}} | label-pos16=right|label16=Sangrampur| numbered16=CT| mark-title16= [[Sangrampur, Diamond Harbour]] (CT)
|mark-coord17={{coord|22|13|42|N|88|10|45|E}} | label-pos17=right|label17=Mohanpur| numbered17=CT| mark-title17= [[Mohanpur, Diamond Harbour]] (CT)
|mark-coord18={{coord|22|12|0|N|88|12|50|E}} | label-pos18=right|label18=Durganagar| numbered18=CT| mark-title18= [[Durganagar, Diamond Harbour]] (CT)
|mark-coord19={{coord|22|12|46|N|88|15|34|E}} | label-pos19=right|label19= Netra| numbered19=R| mark-title19= [[Netra, Diamond Harbour]] (R)|shape-color19=#C42222
|mark-coord20={{coord|22|4|53|N|88|14|41|E}} | label-pos20=right|label20= Kulpi| numbered20=R| mark-title20= [[Kulpi]] (R)|shape-color20=#C42222
|mark-coord21={{coord|22|9|30|N|88|14|59|E}} | label-pos21=right|label21=Berandari|labela21= Bagaria| numbered21=CT| mark-title21= [[Berandari Bagaria]] (CT)
|mark-coord22={{coord|22|2|18|N|88|17|52|E}} | label-pos22=right|label22=Dhola| numbered22=CT| mark-title22= [[Dhola, Diamond Harbour]] (CT)
|mark-coord23={{coord|22|11|55|N|88|9|40|E}} | label-pos23=top|label23=Deulpota| numbered23=H| mark-title23= [[Deulpota]] (H)| shape-color23=#AA6666
|mark-coord24={{coord|22|8|22|N|88|13|51|E}} | label-pos24=left|label24=Harinarayanpur| numbered24=H| mark-title24= [[Harinarayanpur, Kulpi]] (H)| shape-color24=#AA6666
|mark-coord25={{coord|22|2|0|N|88|12|0|E}} |label25=Hooghly | label-color25 = #77A1CB| label-angle25=-75| label-pos25=top| label-size25=10| mark-size25=0| mark-title25 =none
|mark-coord26={{coord|22|5|0|N|88|12|25|E}} |label26= River| label-color26 = #77A1CB| label-angle26=-90| label-pos26=top| label-size26=10| mark-size26=0| mark-title26 =none}}

===Area overview===
Diamond Harbour subdivision is a rural subdivision with patches of urbanization. Only 14.61% of the population lives in the urban areas and an overwhelming 85.39% lives in the rural areas. In the western portion of the subdivision (shown in the map alongside) there are 11 [[census town]]s. The entire district is situated in the [[Ganges Delta]] and the western part, located on the east bank of the [[Hooghly River]], is covered by the Kulpi Diamond Harbour Plain, which is 5–6 metres above sea level. [[Archaeological]] excavations at [[Deulpota]] and [[Harinarayanpur, Kulpi|Harinarayanpur]], on the bank of the Hooghly River indicate the existence of human habitation more than 2,000 years ago.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook |title = District Statistical Handbook 2014 South Twety-four Parganas |work = Table 2.1, 2.2, 2.4b |publisher = Department of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of West Bengal |access-date = 5 December 2019 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190121045803/http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook |archive-date = 2019-01-21 |url-status = dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1917_PART_A_DCHB_SOUTH%20TWENTY%20FOUR%20PARGANAS.pdf| title = Census of India 2011, West Bengal, District Census Handbook, South Twentyfour Parganas, Series – 20, Part XII-A, Village and Town Directory |work= Page 13, Physiography| publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal |access-date = 5 December 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/24%20pgsSouth/s24prg_main.htm | title = District Human Development Report: South 24 Parganas | work = Chapter 9: Sundarbans and the Remote Islanders, p 290-311 | publisher = Development & Planning Department, Government of West Bengal, 2009 | access-date = 5 December 2019 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20161005044029/http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/24%20pgsSouth/s24prg_main.htm | archive-date = 5 October 2016 | url-status = dead }}</ref>

Note: The map alongside presents some of the notable locations in the subdivision. All places marked in the map are linked in the larger full screen map.

===Location===
Patdaha is located at {{coord|22.2577|N|88.1593|E|display=inline}}

==Demographics==
According to the [[2011 Census of India]], Patdaha had a total population of 4,993 of which 2,552 (51%) were males and 2,441 (49%) were females. There were 782 persons in the age range of 0–6 years. The total number of literate persons in Patdaha was 2,716 (64.50% of the population over 6 years).<ref name=census2011>{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/cdb_pca_census/Houselisting-housing-WB.html |title = CD block Wise Primary Census Abstract Data(PCA) | work= West Bengal – District-wise CD blocks|publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India | access-date = 24 November 2019}}</ref>

==Infrastructure==
According to the District Census Handbook 2011, Patdaha covered an area of 0.8805 km2. Among the civic amenities, the protected water supply involved over head tank and hand pumps. It had 125 domestic electric connections and 3 road light points. Among the educational facilities it had was 1 primary school. The nearest secondary and senior secondary schools were at [[Sarisha]] 3–5 km away. An important commodity it produced was embroidery work. It had the branches of 1 nationalised bank, 1 cooperative bank and 1 agricultural credit society.<ref>{{cite web | url =http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1917_PART_A_DCHB_SOUTH%20TWENTY%20FOUR%20PARGANAS.pdf | title = District Census Handbook South Twenty Four Parganas, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A | work= Section II Town Directory, Pages 999-1006 Statement I: Status and Growth History, Pages 1006-1010; Statement II: Physical Aspects and Location of Towns, Pages 1010-1015; Statement III: Civic and other Amenities, Pages 1015-1019; Statement IV: Medical Facilities 2009, Pages 1019-1027 Statement V: Educational, Recreational and Cultural Facilities, Pages 1027- 1029: Statement VI: Industry and Banking | publisher = Directorate of Census Operations V, West Bengal |access-date = 25 November 2019}}</ref>

==Transport==
Patdaha is on the Gondia Raghunathpur-Sharisha Falta SEZ Road.<ref>Google maps</ref>

==Healthcare==
Sarisha Block Primary Health Centre at [[Sarisha]], with 15 beds, is the major government medical facility in the Diamond Harbour II CD block.<ref>{{cite web | url =https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/other_files/BPHC.pdf | title =Health & Family Welfare Department | work =Health Statistics – Block Primary Health Centres | publisher =Government of West Bengal | access-date =25 November 2019 | archive-date =16 August 2020 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20200816074737/https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/other_files/BPHC.pdf | url-status =dead }}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{South 24 Parganas}}
{{South 24 Parganas topics}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in South 24 Parganas district]]

Damasthapur

2025-07-27T23:27:10Z

Ferdinand78P: Made New Entry.

{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Damasthapur
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = [[Village]]
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Telangana#India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Telangana, India
| coordinates = {{coord|17.505789|N|77.710003|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Telangana]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Vikarabad]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[List of mandals in Telangana|Mandal]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Marpalle]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 554
| population_total =
| population_as_of =
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 501202
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = 08416
| registration_plate = TS-34
| blank1_name_sec1 = Nearest city
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Sangareddy]]
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Human sex ratio|Sex ratio]]
| blank2_info_sec1 = 1:1.03 [[male|♂]]/[[female|♀]]
| blank3_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank3_info_sec1 = [[Chevella Lok Sabha constituency|Chevella]]
| blank4_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency
| blank4_info_sec1 = [[Vikarabad Assembly constituency|Vikarabad]]
| blank1_name_sec2 = [[Climate of India|Climate]]
| blank1_info_sec2 = [[Climatic regions of India|Normal]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]])
| website = {{URL|telangana.gov.in}}
| footnotes =
| official_name =
}}

'''Damasthapur''' is a village (Damasthapur, [[Gram panchayat]]) in [[Marpalle]] [[Mandal (disambiguation)|mandal]], [[Vikarabad district|Vikarabad]] [[district]], [[Telangana]] [[States and union territories of India|state]], [[India]].<ref>{{cite web|title=District Level Mandal wise list of villages in Vikarabad district|url=https://mines.telangana.gov.in/MinesAndGeology/Documents/GO%27s/New%20District%20Gos/Vikarabad.pdf|website=Special Chief Secretary of Revenue Department|publisher=mines.telangana.gov.in|accessdate=12 January 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220626072308/https://mines.telangana.gov.in/MinesAndGeology/Documents/GO%27s/New%20District%20Gos/Vikarabad.pdf|archivedate=26 June 2022|format=PDF|url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref>

==Geography==
Damasthapur is located at {{Coord|17.505789|N|77.710003|E|}}.<ref>[https://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/02/Marpalli.html Marpalli at Fallingrain.com]</ref> It has an average elevation of 617 metres (2027 ft).

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Vikarabad district}}

[[Category:Villages in Vikarabad district]]
[[Category:Mandal headquarters in Vikarabad district]]

{{Vikarabad-geo-stub}}

Abdul Karim Muhammad Yakut Khan II

2025-07-22T20:07:38Z

Ferdinand78P:

{{short description|Nawab of Sachin (1853 - 1868)}}
[[Siddi|Sidi]] '''Abdul Karim Muhammad Yakut Khan II''' was the [[Nawab]] of [[Sachin State|Sachin]] from 1853 until his death in 1868.{{infobox royalty
| name = Abdul Karim Muhammad Yakut Khan
| title = Mubariz-ud-Daula Muzaffar-ul-Mulk Nusrat Jang
| succession = [[Nawab]] of [[Sachin State|Sachin]]
| reign = {{circa|1853}} – {{circa|1868}}
| predecessor = Ibrahim Muhammad Yakut Khan I
| successor = Ibrahim Muhammad Yakut Khan II
| death_date = {{circa|1868}}
| house = [[Sachin State|Sachin]]
| dynasty = [[Siddi|Sidi]]
}}

==Biography==
Upon the death of his father, Ibrahim Muhammad Yakut Khan I, in 1853, he succeeded him as the [[Nawab]] of [[Sachin State|Sachin]].<ref name=":2">{{Cite book |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Gujarat_State_Gazetteer/-qHiAAAAMAAJ |title=Gujarat State Gazetteer |date=1989 |publisher=Director, Government Print., Stationery and Publications, Gujarat State |pages=306 |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite book |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Gazetteer_of_the_Bombay_Presidency/ktriqceUgxwC |title=Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency: Under Government Orders. Rewa Kántha, Nárukot, Cambay, and Surat States |date=1880 |pages=259–261 |language=en}}</ref> Owing to his father's extravagance, the administration of the state of [[Sachin State|Sachin]] was transferred to the British Government in 1829.<ref name=":0" /> Upon his accession, he continued repaying the debt, and by 1859, when it had fallen to £78,581, the attachment was withdrawn.<ref name=":0" /> As the revenue had declined to £7,891, the Government agreed to hand over the entire state to him, on the condition that he pay, each year before 1 June, a sum of £3,500 until the outstanding amount of £54,242 was fully cleared.<ref name=":0" /> The [[East India Company]] had offered to purchase Dumas and its dependencies to ease the Nawab’s financial condition and to liquidate his father’s debts, but he declined.<ref name=":2" /> The [[East India Company|Company]] then offered him an advance of Rs 2.5 lakhs against the villages of Dumas and Bhimpore provided he agreed to transfer these villages to them for a period of 20 years.<ref name=":2" /> However, he did not accept the offer.<ref name=":2" /> The state was restored to him in 1864.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Department |first=India Foreign and Political |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/A_Collection_of_Treaties_Engagements_and/H80NAAAAIAAJ |title=A Collection of Treaties, Engagements, and Sanads Relating to India and Neighbouring Countries |date=1892 |publisher=Office of the Superintendent of Government Printing, India |pages=79 |language=en}}</ref>

He died in 1868 and was succeeded by his son Ibrahim Muhammad Yakut Khan II.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />

==References==
<references />
[[Category:Year of birth unknown]]
[[Category:1868 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian Muslims]]
[[Category:Nawabs of India]]
[[Category:People from Gujarat]]
[[Category:Indian monarchs]]

Chandgad

2025-06-23T03:52:59Z

Ferdinand78P: further enhance article for consistency and cleaned formatting to improve readability

{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2018}}
{{Refimprove|date=June 2021}}{{Infobox settlement
| name = Chandgad
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Town
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Maharashtra
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Maharashtra, India
| coordinates = {{coord|15|56|0|N|74|12|0|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Maharashtra]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Kolhapur district|Kolhapur]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body = Nagarpanchayat
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 12000
| population_as_of = 2013
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Marathi language|Marathi]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 416509
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = 02320
| registration_plate = MH.09
| blank1_name_sec1 = Nearest city
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Belgaum]]
| website = {{URL|https://kolhapur.gov.in/en/tehsil/}}
| footnotes =
}}

'''Chandgad''' is a small city and [[tehsil]] headquarters of Chandgad taluka, of [[Kolhapur district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Maharashtra]]. Citizens of Chandgad are reliant on the larger cities [[Belgaum]] and [[Gadhinglaj]] for their major needs.

== Demographics ==
The population is about 12,000.

== Villages ==
*[[Kalyanpur, Maharashtra]]
* Kanadi-Padatewadi, also known as [[Kanadi village (Chandgad taluka)|Kanadi village]], is a village on the bank of the [[Ghataprabha River|Ghatprabha]] river.

==History==
Chandgad was formerly a part of Belagavi District, but during reorganization of Maharashtra state the entire taluka was merged into [[Kolhapur]] District.<ref>{{Cite web |title=History of Chandgad |url=https://amritmahotsav.nic.in/district-reopsitory-detail.htm?25858#:~:text=He%20participated%20in%20anti%2DBritish,to%20the%20cause%20of%20freedom.}}</ref>

[[Marathi language|Marathi]] and [[Konkani language|Konkani]] are the native languages. Konkani (Malwani Konkani) is spoken mostly in the western part. The Goan Catholic community speaks Goan Konkani.

==Geography==
[[File:WesternGhat.jpg|thumb|A major biodiversity hotspot, Western Ghat near Chandgad]]Chandgad is located approcimately 110 km (68 mi) from Kolhapur and 36 km (22 mi) from [[Belgaum]] City. Chandgad is located on the Belgaum-Vengurle state highway. [[Amboli hill station]] is 32 km (20 mi) away.<ref>{{cite web
|publisher=Falling Rain Genomics, Inc
|url=http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/16/Chandgad.html
|title=Chandgad, India Page
|access-date=2008-05-17}}</ref>

Chandgad is the southernmost taluka for Kolhapur district. Chandgad receives more rainfall than any other town of Kolhapur district, nearly 3000 mm from the [[Arabian Sea]] branch of the [[Southwest monsoon|South-West monsoon]]. Rainy season lasts from June to September with occasional rainfall in October and November. Part of the [[Western Ghat]], Chandgad's surroundings are rich in biodiversity. It is covered with dense lush green forest.

[[Ghataprabha River|Ghataprabha]] and Tamraparni are the largest rivers. Of many dams in Chandgad, Jangam Hatti is the major source of water to many villages in Chandgad Taluka.

== Economy ==
Rice, sugar cane, cashew nut, sweet potato, and potato are the major crops. The area is home to numerous cashew nut tree plantations.

{{Geographic location
|Centre = Chandgad
|North = [[Mumbai]], [[Pune]]
|Northeast = [[Gadhinglaj]]
|East = [[Belgaum]]
|Southeast = [[Bangalore]], [[Hubli]]
|South = [[Goa]]
|Southwest = [[Goa]], [[Karwar]]
|West = [[Sawantwadi]]
|Northwest = [[Ratnagiri]]
}}

==Climate==
{{Unsourced section|date=July 2024}}
The rainy season witnesses heavy rains by the [[Monsoon|South-West Monsoon]]. The [[monsoon]] period is from June to September with rainfall averaging more than 3000 mm every year and heavy winds. It is located on the [[Western Ghat]] and temperatures in the range of 36°C to 29°C during summer and 21°C to 14°C during winter.

{{Weather box|collapsed =
|location = Chandgad
|metric first = Yes
|single line = Yes
|Jan high C = 30
|Feb high C = 32
|Mar high C = 35
|Apr high C = 36
|May high C = 34
|Jun high C = 29
|Jul high C = 26
|Aug high C = 26
|Sep high C = 28
|Oct high C = 29
|Nov high C = 29
|Dec high C = 29
|Year high C =
|Jan low C = 14
|Feb low C = 15
|Mar low C = 18
|Apr low C = 21
|May low C = 21
|Jun low C = 21
|Jul low C = 21
|Aug low C = 20
|Sep low C = 20
|Oct low C = 19
|Nov low C = 17
|Dec low C = 15
|Jan precipitation mm = 1.1
|Feb precipitation mm = 0.2
|Mar precipitation mm = 2.9
|Apr precipitation mm = 24.4
|May precipitation mm = 30
|Jun precipitation mm = 500.1
|Jul precipitation mm = 799.8
|Aug precipitation mm = 900.2
|Sep precipitation mm = 450.1
|Oct precipitation mm = 203.4
|Nov precipitation mm = 80.3
|Dec precipitation mm = 20.1
|Year precipitation mm =
|date=July 2012}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Kolhapur district topics}}



[[Category:Cities and towns in Kolhapur district]]
[[Category:Talukas in Maharashtra]]

Ashok Leyland STiLE

2025-05-05T13:29:37Z

Ferdinand78P: New a article

{{more citations needed|date=January 2017}}
{{EngvarB|date=January 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2018}}
{{Infobox automobile
| name = STiLE
| image = Ashok Leyland STiLE.jpg
| caption = Ashok Leyland STiLE
| type = [[Minivan]]
| manufacturer = [[Ashok Leyland]]
| aka = [[Nissan NV200]]
| production = July 2013–May 2015
| model_years =
| assembly = [[India]]
| designer =
| class = [[Minivan]]
| body_style = 5-door [[minivan|MPV]]
| layout = [[Front-engine, rear-wheel-drive layout|Front-engine, rear-wheel-drive]]
| platform = [[Nissan Evalia]]
| related =
| engine = {{convert|89.16|cuin|0|abbr=on|order=flip}}
{{unbulleted list
| ''Common rail'' [[Common rail|dCi]] (diesel)
}}
| transmission = [[Manual transmission|Manual]]
| propulsion =
| wheelbase = {{convert|107.2835|in|mm|0|abbr=on|order=flip}}
| length = {{convert|173.23|in|mm|0|abbr=on|order=flip}}
| width = {{convert|66.93|in|mm|0|abbr=on|order=flip}}
| height = {{convert|73.23|in|mm|0|abbr=on|order=flip}}
| weight = {{convert|1426|kg|lb|0|abbr=on}}
| predecessor = [[Nissan Evalia]]
| successor = None
| sp = us
}}

The '''Ashok Leyland STiLE''' (or '''STiLE''') is a [[minivan]] manufactured by [[Ashok Leyland]] and was a rebadged [[Nissan NV200]] produced under license for the Indian market. The vehicle was unveiled during the 2012 [[Auto Expo]] and was launched in July 2013.

STiLE was produced as a "[[minivan]]" to be used as a [[commercial vehicle]] (hotel shuttles, [[taxi]], [[ambulance]]s, [[panel van]], [[courier]] service, inter-city) and for intra-city travel.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2013-11-16|title=Ashok Leyland Stile: Stylish, but just about|url=https://www.financialexpress.com/archive/ashok-leyland-stile-stylish-but-just-about/1195418/|access-date=2021-09-26|website=The Financial Express|language=en-US}}</ref>

==History==
The STiLE was unveiled during India's 2012 [[Auto Expo]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.carblogindia.com/ashok-leyland-stile-mpv-based-on-nissan-nv200-showcased-at-auto-expo-2012/ | title=Ashok Leyland STILE MPV Based on Nissan NV200 Showcased at Auto Expo 2012 | date=16 January 2012 }}</ref> It was launched on July 16, 2013.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.indiatvnews.com/business/india/ashok-leyland-s-stile-will-launch-on-july-16-6435.html| title = Ashok Leyland's Stile will launch on July 16 {{!}} India News – India TV| date = 8 July 2013}}</ref> The vehicle was a modified [[Nissan NV200#India|Evalia]] platform and it was manufactured the same plant as that of the Evalia. STiLE was manufactured as a [[minivan|MPV]] for urban conditions. The prototype STiLE unveiled at the Auto Expo had Ashok Leyland's 1.5-liter engine which was later replaced by the [[Renault K-Type engine#K9K dCi|K9K]] (a family of [[straight-4]] [[Turbocharger|turbocharged]] [[Diesel engine|diesel]] engines co-developed by [[Nissan]] and [[Renault]]) that powers the [[Nissan Evalia|Evalia]].

Unlike the Evalia, which produced {{Convert|85|bhp|0|abbr=on}}, STiLE produced {{Convert|75|bhp|0|abbr=on}}. The company had initially planned to introduce a [[compressed natural gas]] (CNG) engine along with the conventional [[diesel engine]].<ref name="Ashok Leyland introduces STiLE">{{cite news|title=Ashok Leyland introduces STiLE|publisher=[[Business Standard]]|access-date=23 August 2015|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/news-cd/ashok-leyland-introduces-the-stile-113071601035_1.html}}</ref>

On February 27, 2015, an Ashok Leyland representative said that there were plans to relaunch the STiLE.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://indianautosblog.com/ashok-leyland-stile-facelift-planned-p169730 | title=Ashok Leyland Stile facelift planned with 'renewed vigour' | date=27 February 2015 }}</ref>

In May 2015, Ashok Leyland shut down production of the vehicle due to low demand.<ref name="Ashok Leyland discontinues STiLE">{{cite news|title=Ashok Leyland discontinues STiLE|publisher=[[NDTV]]|access-date=23 August 2015|url=http://auto.ndtv.com/news/ashok-leyland-discontinues-the-stile-mpv-in-india-762700}}</ref>

==Variants==
Although [[Ashok Leyland]] had originally announced two different engine types ([[Compressed natural gas|CNG]] and [[diesel engine|diesel]]), STiLE was manufactured only with [[diesel engine]]s.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ashokleylandlcv.com/stile-features |title=Stile Features | Ashok Leyland Light Commercial Vehicles |website=www.ashokleylandlcv.com |access-date=30 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180327182402/http://www.ashokleylandlcv.com/stile-features |archive-date=27 March 2018 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

STiLE had three variants: LE, LS and LX. All three variants had same [[engine displacement]], [[Horsepower#Brake horsepower|bhp]] and specifications except for seating capacity (LE had 8 seats whereas other two variants had option between 7 and 8 seats) and [[alloy wheel]]s given as an option with LS and LX variants.<ref name="STiLE variants">{{cite web |url=http://ashokleylandlcv.com/stile%E2%80%93variants |title=STILE – Variants | Ashok Leyland Light Commercial Vehicles |website=ashokleylandlcv.com |access-date=30 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181118162520/http://ashokleylandlcv.com/stile%E2%80%93variants |archive-date=18 November 2018 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Nissan NV200]]
{{Portal bar|India|Cars}}

== References ==
{{Reflist|colwidth=40em}}

[[Category:Mini MPVs]]
[[Category:Minivans]]
[[Category:Ashok Leyland]]
[[Category:Cars of India]]
[[Category:Cars introduced in 2013]]

Ariyanayagiamman Temple

2025-05-02T09:11:00Z

Ferdinand78P: New a location.

{{short description|Temple in Keezhanilaikkottai}}

'''Ariyanayagiamman Temple''' is situated at Keezhanilaikkottai in [[Tirumayam]] taluk in [[Pudukkottai district]] in [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]].

==Location==
It is located at a distance of 14 km in Arantangi-[[Pudukkottai]] road <ref name=pdk>புதுக்கோட்டை மாவட்டத் திருக்கோயில்கள் பயணியர் கையேடு, இந்து சமய அறநிலைய ஆட்சித்துறை, சென்னை, 2003</ref> near [[Arimalam]]<ref>[https://www.dinakaran.com/29%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF-%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81-%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%BF/ 29ஆம் தேதி நடக்கிறது கீழாநிலைக்கோட்டை அரியநாயகி அம்மன் கோயில் கும்பாபிஷேகம், தினகரன், 22 ஜூன் 2023]</ref>

==Presiding deity==
The presiding deity is known as Ariyanayagiamman.<ref name=pdk/> [https://templesinindiainfo.com/thirukoil-tamil-nadu-temple-list-page-48/]

==Speciality==
The deity is considered as the clan deity of the village. During the last Tuesday of the [[Tamil calendar|Tamil]] month of Aadi, 'Madhu Eduppu Thiruvizha', bringing liquor in pots by the devotees and offering them to the deity took place.<ref name=pdk/>

==Worshipping time==
[[Pujas]] are held four times daily at Kalasanthi (8.00 a.m.), Uttchikkalam (noon 12.00), Sayaratchai (5.30 p.m.) and Arthajamam (8.00 p.m.). The temple is opened for worship from 6.00 a.m. to 12.30 p.m. and from 4.30 p.m. to 8.30 p.m. During the [[Tamil calendar|Tamil]] month of Ani 11 day festival is held and during Purattasi nine day navaratri festival is held. On the 11th day of Ani festival, the processional deity of the Amman comes around the temple.<ref name=pdk/>

==Kumbhabhishekham==
The [[Kumbhabhishekham]] of the temple was held in June 2023.<ref>[https://temple.dinamalar.com/en/news_detail.php?id=136670 Ariyanayake Amman Temple at Keezhantalkottai kumbabhishekam, Dinamalar Temples, 30 June 2023]</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Hindu temples in Pudukkottai district}}

{{coord missing|Tamil Nadu}}

[[Category:Hindu temples in Pudukkottai district]]

{{TamilNadu-hindu-temple-stub}}

Buckingham Canal, Kollam

2025-04-09T05:21:48Z

Ferdinand78P: Made A Page

{{Short description|Indian canal}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2018}}
{{about|the Indian Canal|the canal with same name|Buckingham Canal|the British Canal|Buckingham Arm}}
{{Infobox canal
| name = Buckingham Canal
| image =
| image_size =
| image_caption =
| former_names =
| modern_name =
| original_owner =
| engineer =
| other_engineer =
| date_act =
| date_began =
| date_use = {{Start date|1560}}
| date_completed =
| date_extended =
| date_closed =
| date_restored =
| len_ft =
| len_in =
| original_boat_length_ft =
| original_boat_length_in =
| len_note =
| beam_ft =
| beam_in =
| original_beam_ft =
| original_beam_in =
| beam_note = Southern section is 10'6" beam
| start_point = Dead End
| original_start =
| start_note = in the East
| end_point = [[Arabian Sea]]
| original_end =
| end_note = in the West
| branch =
| branch_of =
| connects_to =
| locks =
| original_num_locks =
| lock_note =
| length_mi = 0.466
| original_length_mi =
| length_note = Used for transportation till 1795
| elev_ft = 23
| elev_note = Ends at [[Arabian Sea]]
| status = Dysfunctional
| navigation_authority = None
}}
'''Buckingham Canal''' in [[Kollam]] is a 450-year-old [[Portuguese people|Portuguese]] built heritage landmark at [[Tangasseri]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-kerala/buckingham-canal-being-reclaimed/article1789226.ece |title=Buckingham Canal being reclaimed |newspaper=The Hindu |access-date=20 March 2015}}</ref> This is one of the rare ancient ruins existing in the city. The Canal is believed to be a key conduit built by the [[Portuguese people|Portuguese]] some 450 years ago inside their strategic territory, the [[St Thomas Fort, Tangasseri|Fort Thomas]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/death-knell-for-buckingham-canal-at-thangasseri/169722-60-116.html |archive-url=https://archive.today/20150412175651/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/death-knell-for-buckingham-canal-at-thangasseri/169722-60-116.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=12 April 2015 |title=Death knell for Buckingham canal at Thangasseri |publisher=iBN Live |access-date=20 March 2015}}</ref> [[Quilon]] along with [[Tangasseri]] was one among the ancient [[Portuguese people|Portuguese]] settlements in [[Asia]].

==History==
Buckingham Canal was actually built by the [[Portuguese people|Portuguese]] who were settled in [[Quilon]] before 450 years, inside their strategic territory. This canal inside the [[St Thomas Fort, Tangasseri|Fort]] was used for safe transportation of personnel and merchandise to and from the ships which called at the [[Kollam Port|port]]. The [[Portuguese people|Portuguese]] were settled at [[Quilon]] and gained monopoly over the region’s lucrative pepper trade. Old [[Quilon]] city was very famous for its fine quality pepper and the name [[Kollam]] is believed to have been derived from the [[Sanskrit]] word ''Kollam'' means pepper.

Barges were said to have been used for transportation through the Canal. [[Thangassery]] is a projection into the sea and both ends of the Canal originally opened at the Arabian Sea then. After [[Portuguese people|Portuguese]], the [[Dutch people|Dutch]] have establish their domination in [[Quilon]] city & [[Kollam Port|port]] based pepper trade, attacked and captured the Fort from the [[Portuguese people|Portuguese]]. By 1662, [[Tangasseri]] became an exclusive trade hub of the [[Dutch people|Dutch]]. The canal came to be known as the ''Buckingham Canal'', later when Dutch surrendered it to the [[East India Company|British East India Company]] in 1795.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/article423621.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402222412/http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/article423621.ece |url-status=dead |archive-date=2 April 2015 |title=Buckingham Canal’s rich past becoming history |publisher=The New Indian Express |access-date=20 March 2015}}</ref>

==Encroachments==
Various rampant reclamation activities were found out at the Buckingham Canal area many times. A builder have started construction at the adjoining plot in 2012. The main problem with the canal is even people in the neighbourhood are not aware of the exact ownership of the properties alongside the canal. A survey conducted in 1980 by the Kollam West Village Office revealed that Buckingham canal was around 750 metres long and about 100 feet wide.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.oocities.org/athens/Acropolis/9669/tangy.htm |title=Tangasseri - OOCITIES |publisher=OOCITIES |access-date=9 January 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.asithrissurcircle.in/Monuments.html |title=Archaeological site and remains |publisher=Archaeological Survey of India - Thrissur Circle |access-date=9 January 2014}}</ref> Now it is two feet to 10 feet wide narrow stream and all the other portions got encroached. [[Tangasseri]] in [[Kollam]] city is the only place mentioned in the [[Kerala Tourism]]’s official literature as the place in the State where [[Anglo-Indian]] tradition is maintained. But almost all the colonial constructions got erased except the lighthouse built by the [[British people|British]] in 1902.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/article422686.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402215024/http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/article422686.ece |url-status=dead |archive-date=2 April 2015 |title=Death knell for Buckingham canal at Thangasseri |publisher=The New Indian Express |access-date=20 March 2015}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Kollam]]
* [[Tangasseri]]
* [[Kollam Port]]
* [[St Thomas Fort, Tangasseri|St Thomas Fort]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Kollam |state=expanded}}

{{coord missing|Kerala}}

[[Category:History of Kollam]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Kollam]]

Ashwin Saravanan

2025-03-09T20:38:04Z

Ferdinand78P:

{{short description|Indian film director}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2023}}
{{Infobox person
|name = Ashwin Saravanan
|image =
|imagesize =
|caption =
|birth_place = [[Tamil Nadu]], India
|occupation = Film director
|spouse = Kaavya Ramkumar
|children =
|years active = 2015–present
}}

'''Ashwin Saravanan''' is an Indian film director, who has directed predominantly [[Tamil language]] films. Directorial debut from ''[[Maya (2015 Tamil film)|Maya]]'' and film making style is [[neo-noir]] [[horror film]]. Second film was [[Game Over (2019 film)|Game over]] and it is a [[psychological thriller film]]. Third movie is [[connect (2022 film)|Connect]] and it is a [[supernatural horror]] movie.

==Career==
Ashwin Saravanan began writing short stories during his years in college and eventually made some short films. Inspired by the success of young filmmakers in the early 2010s such as [[Karthik Subbaraj]], [[Balaji Mohan]] and [[Nalan Kumarasamy]], Ashwin chose to quit his job in the software industry to work as a film director.<ref name="go">{{Cite web |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/software-trainee-directing-taapsee-game-over-director-ashwin-saravanan-intv-102982 |title=From software trainee to directing Taapsee: 'Game Over' director Ashwin Saravanan intv |date=4 June 2019 |website=The News Minute}}</ref> His first film, the horror drama ''[[Maya (2015 Tamil film)|Maya]]'' (2015) featured [[Nayanthara]] in the lead role, and the film won positive reviews from critics. A critic from ''[[The Times of India]]'' gave the film 3.5 stars out of 5 and wrote: "''Maya'' is wholly original and cerebral as well. Even after the film has ended, we keep thinking about it, replaying the scenes in our mind and thinking about the inventiveness in how the plot lines are brought together. And that is its real success".<ref>{{cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/Maya/movie-review/49021647.cms |title=Maya Movie Review |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> [[Sify]] wrote: "''Maya'' is a stupendous film and the entire team has done a remarkable job on par with international standards", going on to call it "undoubtedly one of the best horror movies of Tamil cinema".<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/maya-review-Tamil-pjrrVfaahbigf.html |title=Review : Maya |website=[[Sify]] |date=19 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150919035522/http://www.sify.com/movies/maya-review-Tamil-pjrrVfaahbigf.html |archive-date=19 September 2015}}</ref>

Ashwin subsequently began working on ''Iravaakaalam'', a thriller film starring [[S. J. Suryah]] and [[Wamiqa Gabbi]], by early 2017. Despite completing production, the film remains unreleased owing to financial problems face by the producers, [[Thenandal Studio Limited]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/hema-rukmani-interview-mersal-vijay-4885287/ |title=We are hopeful that Mersal will have a Diwali release: Sri Thenandal Film's Hema Rukmani |date=12 October 2017}}</ref> In 2018, Ashwin moved on to work on a bilingual psychological thriller film, ''[[Game Over (2019 film)|Game Over]]'' (2019), shot in Tamil and Telugu. The film featured [[Taapsee Pannu]] playing a character dealing with an 'anniversary reaction', a condition which triggered unsettling feelings around the anniversary of a traumatic event. Produced by [[Y NOT Studios]], the film performed well at the box office.<ref name="go"/> Ashwin then began pre-production on a film starring [[Samantha Ruth Prabhu]] in the lead role, but the film failed to develop into production despite a year of work.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/game-over-director-samantha-akkineni-ashwin-saravanan-6180758/ |title=Game Over director's next with Samantha Akkineni? |date=23 December 2019}}</ref>

Ashwin's latest release was ''[[Connect (2022 film)|Connect]]'' (2022), a horror drama featuring Nayanthara, [[Anupam Kher]] and [[Sathyaraj]] in leading roles. He wrote the script for the film during the COVID-19 lockdown in India, noting that he added elements of the anxiousness that he was feeling during the period into the script. After pitching the idea to Nayanthara, the actress also agreed to produce the film.<ref name="tnm">{{Cite web |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/nayanthara-actor-who-puts-script-first-director-ashwin-saravanan-tnm-171165 |title='Nayanthara is an actor who puts the script first': Director Ashwin Saravanan to TNM |date=21 December 2022 |website=The News Minute}}</ref>

==Personal life==
Ashwin is married to Kaavya Ramkumar, who has worked as a co-writer in his films.<ref name="tnm"/>

==Filmography==
*''Note: All films are in Tamil unless otherwise noted.''
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:100%"
|- align="text-align:center;"
! Year
! Film
! Director
! Writer
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Notes
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | {{Abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}}
|-
| 2015 ||''[[Maya (2015 Tamil film)|Maya]]''
| {{yes}} || {{yes}}
|Debut film
|<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/maya/movie-review/49021647.cms|title=Maya Movie Review {3.5/5}: Critic Review of Maya by Times of India|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>
|-
| 2019 ||''[[Game Over (2019 film)|Game Over]]''
| {{yes}} || {{yes}}
| Simultaneously shot in Telugu
|<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/game-over/movie-review/69759622.cms|title=Game Over Movie Review {4/5}: Critic Review of Game Over by Times of India|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>
|-
| 2022 ||''[[Connect (2022 film)|Connect]]''
| {{yes}} || {{yes}}
|
|<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/connect/movie-review/96359828.cms |title=Connect Movie Review: A horror film with connectivity issues |newspaper=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>
|-
| 2{{TBA}} || {{pending film|italic=no| ''Iravaakaalam'' }}
| {{yes}} || {{yes}}
| Delayed
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Director Ashwin Saravanan opens up on Iravakaalam release! |url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/ashwin-saravanan-iravakaalam-release-clarification-tamil-news-257331 |date=6 April 2020 |website=IndiaGlitz}}</ref>
|}
{{pending films key}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb name|7594197}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Saravanan, Ashwin}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Tamil film directors]]
[[Category:Film directors from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian people]]
[[Category:Tamil screenwriters]]

List of municipalities in Tamil Nadu

2024-12-17T20:15:06Z

Ferdinand78P: Done

#REDIRECT [[List of urban local bodies in Tamil Nadu]]
{{Rcat shell|
{{R from move}}
}}

Narasingapuram, Ranipet district

2024-07-15T08:26:41Z

Ferdinand78P: done

{{About|a town in Ranipet district||Narasingapuram (disambiguation){{!}}Narasingapuram}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Narasingapuram
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = [[Census Town]]
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Tamil Nadu
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Tamil Nadu, India
| coordinates = {{coord|12|58|20|N|79|17|44|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Tamil Nadu]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Ranipet district|Ranipet]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 10555
| population_as_of = 2001
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Tamil language|Tamil, Telugu]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code =
| registration_plate =
| website =
| footnotes =
}}
'''Narasingapuram''' is a [[census town]] in [[Ranipet district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Tamil Nadu]].

==Demographics==
{{As of|2001}} India [[census]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archivedate=2004-06-16|title= Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)|accessdate=2008-11-01|publisher= Census Commission of India}}</ref> Narasingapuram had a population of 10,555. Males constitute 50% of the population and females 50%. Narasingapuram has an average literacy rate of 76%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 82%, and female literacy is 71%. In Narasingapuram, 9% of the population is under 6 years of age.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Ranipet district]]

{{TamilNadu-geo-stub}}

Kheria Kalan

2024-07-08T19:31:23Z

Ferdinand78P: adding a details.

{{Short description|Village in Uttar Pradesh, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2023}}
{{distinguish|Khera Kalan}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Kheria Kalan
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| image_map = Kotla block Kheria Kalan.png
| map_caption = Map showing Kheria Kalan in Kotla block
| pushpin_map = India Uttar Pradesh
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Uttar Pradesh, India
| coordinates = {{coord|27.24867|N|78.45964|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = [[India]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Firozabad district|Firozabad]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Tehsil]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Firozabad]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes = <ref name="Census 2011 A"/>
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 1.531
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 1384
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes = <ref name="Census 2011 A"/>
| demographics_type1 =
| demographics1_title1 =
| demographics1_info1 =
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 283203
| registration_plate =
| website =
| footnotes =
}}
'''Kheria Kalan''' ({{IAST|Kheṛiyā Kalā̃}}) is a village in [[Kotla, Firozabad|Kotla]] block of [[Firozabad district]], [[Uttar Pradesh]]. As of 2011, it has a population of 1,384, in 230 households.

== Demographics ==
As of 2011, Kheria Kalan had a population of 1,384, in 230 households.<ref name="Census 2011 A"/>{{rp|102}} This population was 55.4% male (767) and 44.6% female (617). The 0-6 age group numbered 183 (98 male and 85 female), making up 13.2% of the total population. 320 residents were members of Scheduled Castes, or 23.1% of the total.<ref name="Census 2011 B">{{cite web |title=Census of India 2011: Uttar Pradesh District Census Handbook - Firozabad, Part B (Village and Town Wise Primary Census Abstract) |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/1211/download/3858/DH_2011_0916_PART_B_DCHB_FIROZABAD.pdf |website=Census of India |access-date=19 June 2023}}</ref>{{rp|104-5}}

The [[1981 Census of India|1981 census]] recorded Kheria Kalan as having a population of 633 people (392 male and 271 female), in 130 households and 130 physical houses.<ref name="Census 1981">{{cite book |title=Census 1981 Uttar Pradesh: District Census Handbook Part XIII-B: Village & Town Directory, District Agra |date=1982 |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/28672/download/31854/28391_1981_AGR.pdf |access-date=25 July 2023}}</ref>{{rp|188-9}}

The [[1961 Census of India|1961 census]] recorded Kheria Kalan as comprising 1 hamlet, with a total population of 388 people (200 male and 188 female), in 63 households and 49 physical houses. The area of the village was given as 422 acres.<ref name="Census 1961">{{cite book |title=Census 1961: District Census Handbook, Uttar Pradesh (22 - Agra District) |date=1965 |location=Lucknow |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/28472/download/31654/21841_1961_AGR.pdf |access-date=25 December 2021}}</ref>{{rp|xc}}

== Infrastructure ==
As of 2011, Kheria Kalan had 1 primary school; it did not have any healthcare facilities. Drinking water was provided by tap, hand pump, and tube well/borehole; there were no public toilets. The village did not have a post office or public library; there was at least some access to electricity for residential and agricultural (but not commercial) purposes. Streets were made of both ''[[Indian vernacular architecture#kachcha|kachcha]]'' and ''[[Indian vernacular architecture#pucca|pakka]]'' materials.<ref name="Census 2011 A">{{cite web |title=Census of India 2011: Uttar Pradesh District Census Handbook - Firozabad, Part A (Village and Town Directory) |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/1210/download/3854/DH_2011_0916_PART_A_DCHB_FIROZABAD.pdf |website=Census of India |access-date=19 June 2023}}</ref>{{rp|102-7}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Firozabad district}}

[[Category:Villages in Firozabad district]]