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Humble Politiciann Nograj

2026-05-06T11:11:52Z

Felipa7295: Stub!

{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2018}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Humble Politiciann Nograj
| image = Humble_Politician_Nograj_Poster.jpg
| caption = Theatrical poster
| director = [[Saad Khan]]
| producer = [[Pushkara Mallikarjunaiah]] [[Hemanth M Rao]] [[Rakshit Shetty]]
| writer = [[Danish Sait]] Saad Khan Vamsidhar Bhogaraju
| screenplay = Saad Khan
| based_on =
| starring = Danish Sait [[Vijay Chendoor]] [[Sumukhi Suresh]] [[Roger Narayan]] [[Sruthi Hariharan]]
| narrator =
| music = [[Sricharan Pakala]] Debajit Jeet Singh DJ Jasmeet Prajwal Pai
| cinematography = [[Karm Chawla]]
| editing = Jagadeesh Ram Sabare Chandni Asnani
| studio = [[Pushkar Films]] Lost & Found Films [[Paramvah Studios]]
| distributor =
| released = {{film date|2018|01|12|ref1=<ref name="T" />}}
| runtime = 145 minutes
| country = India
| language = Kannada
| gross = 
}}
'''''Humble Politiciann Nograj''''' is a 2018 Indian [[Kannada]]-language [[satire film|satire]] [[comedy film]] written and directed by [[Saad Khan]]. The film stars [[Danish Sait]], who plays the title character of Nograj, a narcissistic politician.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/Humble-Politician-Nograj-is-a-film-star-now/articleshow/55574353.cms|title=Humble Politician Nograj is a film star now — Times of India|website=indiatimes.com|accessdate=7 May 2017}}</ref> The film was produced by [[Pushkara Mallikarjunaiah]], [[Hemanth M Rao]] and [[Rakshit Shetty]] under the banners Pushkar Films, Lost & Found Films, and Paramvah Studios, respectively.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2017/apr/15/voices-of-reason-in-humble-politician-nograj-1593712.html|title=Voices of reason in humble politician Nograj|website=newindianexpress.com|access-date=7 May 2017}}</ref> The movie was inspired by the 2012 American movie ''[[The Campaign (film)|The Campaign]]''.{{citation needed|date=January 2024}}

== Plot ==
Nograj ([[Danish Sait]]) is a corrupt corporator of a fictitious constituency called DS Nagar along with his faithful assistant Monjunath ([[Vijay Chendoor]]), whose [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]], Jagatprabhu F. Kumar, abbreviated JFK (Hanumanthe Gowda), treats corporators as his servants and steals credit for their public achievements. Nograj encounters this firsthand when Nograj repaves a road (at 3 times the actual cost) but JFK takes credit. Intending to take JFK out, Nograj and his fellow OBP corporators orchestrate a garbage collector strike and run a massive parking scam, all to stoke anger against JFK. The resulting public anger causes the president KG Byrappa (Akki Basappa) to refuse to let JFK stand in the upcoming MLA election. Nograj convinces the party secretary Gurudas Bhat (Raghu Ramakoppa) to advocate for his candidacy to the vice president of OBP Michael Narayan ([[Srinivas Prabhu]]), but Gurudas also says he needs to be noticed first. To this end, Nograj bribes the electrician Kempaiah to shut off the power grid. Nograj publicly threatens to cut himself if the power is not returned, which leads to restoration of power.

Arun Patil ([[Roger Narayan]]), an honest NRI leading a pharmaceutical startup sees the incompetence of the government and decides to try and change it by running for MLA. Patil actually focuses on implementing solutions to problems instead of stoking hatred. In addition, Patil discovers Nograj is behind a scam that is charging people inflated prices for water from tankers, leading to constant water shortages. However, he refuses to release the information as a normal politician like Nograj himself would. For his main speech, Nograj and Monjunath unsuccessfully break into Patil's office to steal his manifesto for their own speech. Although Patil's co-workers ask him to release the footage of Nograj's break-in, Patil refuses, saying there are more important things for him to focus on. During their speeches, Patil clearly lays out how he could make positive changes in government while Nograj just talks nonsense to paid supporters.

Nograj creates controversies to make Patil seem worse. Nograj tails Patil and doctors footage of him helping his wife Rama ([[Sruthi Hariharan]]) in a store to claim he had harassed her. He also coerces a former Muslim employee of Patil's company to claim he was fired for his religion when he actually had sold pharmaceuticals in the black market. Nograj eventually meets Patil at his house and finds him kind and honest, and begins to think twice about all the mudslinging he is doing. After Monjunath gets him to remember his true goals of making as much money as possible, Nograj lets Monjunath and his other helper Pramod (Vamsidhar Bhogaraju) beat Nograj up and blames his injuries on Patil, which quickly gains media attention.

On election day, Nograj's gang uses dirty tricks to ensure voter fraud like handing out alcohol, money, etc. At the announcement of results, Nograj wins but tricks Patil into thinking that he will give the title to Patil, then takes the victory. He says that Patil, like everyone else, should be a citizen because he believed Nograj was genuine and celebrates wildly with OBP party workers. When Rama asks Patil why he didn't reveal Nograj's water scam, he says he would never stoop to Nograj's level.

== Cast ==
{{Cast listing|
*[[Danish Sait]] as Humble Politician Nograj,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2017/may/03/nograj-humbled-by-love-1600312.html|title=Nograj humbled by love|website=newindianexpress.com|access-date=7 May 2017}}</ref> who strives to become the MLA in the election
*[[Vijay Chendoor]] as Monjunath, Nograj's personal assistant<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/monjunath-is-caught-between-the-devil-and-the-deep-sea-vijay-chendoor/articleshow/62082426.cms|title=Monjunath is caught between the devil and the deep sea: Vijay Chendoor|work=The Times of India|date=16 December 2017|first=Mohammed|last=Waseem}}</ref>
*[[Sumukhi Suresh]] as Lavanya, Nograj's wife and reason why he became a politician<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/how-a-prank-landed-sumukhi-suresh-a-role-in-humble-politician-nograj/articleshow/62053054.cms|title=How a prank landed Sumukhi Suresh a role in Humble Politician Nograj|date=14 December 2017|work=The Times of India}}</ref>
*[[Roger Narayan]] as Arun Patil, the honest opponent of Nograj<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/stories/interviews/2017/dec/19/roger-narayan-plays-outsider-and-conscience-in-humble-politician-nograj-3685.html|title=Roger Narayan plays an outsider in Humble Politician Nograj|work=Cinema Express|date=19 December 2017|last=Sharadhaa|first=A.}}</ref>
*[[Sruthi Hariharan]] as Rama, Arun Patil's wife<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/stories/interviews/2018/jan/05/i-will-be-part-of-good-quality-cinema-or-no-cinema-at-all-sruthi-hariharan-3929.html|title=I will be part of good-quality cinema or no cinema at all: Sruthi Hariharan|work=Cinema Express|date=5 January 2018|last=Sharadhaa|first=A.}}</ref>
*Vamsidhar Bhogaraju as Pramod, one of Nogaraj's main thugs<ref name="B">{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/meet-the-ensemble-cast-that-completes-humble-politician-nograj/articleshow/62365600.cms|title=Meet the ensemble cast that completes Humble Politician Nograj|date=5 January 2018|work=The Times of India|first=Prathibha|last=Joy}}</ref>
*Raghu Ramankoppa as Secretary Gurudas Bhat, the secretary of OBP<ref name="B"/>
*Hanumanthegowda as Jagatprabhu F Kumar Aka JFK, the MLA Nograj wants to replace
*[[Pramod Shetty]] as Shankar, Arun Patil's personal assistant and campaign manager<ref name="B"/>
*Shiv Manju as Nanjundaiah, a fellow corporator of OBP and friend of Nograj<ref name="B"/>
*[[Srinivas Prabhu]] as Michael Narayan, vice-president of OBP<ref name="B"/>
*Akki Basappa as K.G. Byrappa, president of OBP<ref name="B"/>
*Mohammed Ashraf as Azam Khan, a Muslim corporator from OBP and Nograj's friend<ref name="B"/>
*Roopesh Naik
* Vinay Krishnaswamy as Prof. Narasimha, first victim of Nograj's scams
*Nitesh Nittur as Doctor in Nograj's dream sequence
*[[Puneeth Rajkumar]] as himself, in a cameo role as the chief guest at a college commencement<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/puneeth-rajkumar-does-a-cameo-in-humble-politician-nograj/articleshow/61102538.cms|title=Puneeth Rajkumar does a cameo in Humble Politician Nograj|date=16 October 2017|work=The Times of India}}</ref>
}}

== Production ==
After [[Danish Sait]]'s popularity playing Nograj in various radio shows and YouTube videos, his long-time producer and friend [[Saad Khan]] wrote a film with him based on the same character. They wrote the story in 4 days.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/my-film-tells-people-whom-not-vote-danish-sait-humble-politician-nograj-74686|title=My film tells people whom not to vote for: Danish Sait on 'Humble Politician Nograj'|date=2018-01-13|work=The News Minute|access-date=2018-02-13}}</ref> [[Pushkara Mallikarjunaiah]], [[Hemanth M Rao]] and [[Rakshit Shetty]] jointly produced the film.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2019/mar/28/brace-for-laughter-riot-as-sequel-to-humble-politician-nograj-in-the-works-1956716.html|title=Brace for laughter riot as sequel to 'Humble Politician Nograj' in the works|work=New Indian Express|date=28 March 2019}}</ref>

== Soundtrack ==
The soundtrack is composed by Telugu music director [[Sricharan Pakala]] in his Kannada debut and compromises of a single song titled "Problem Song". The song features lyrics by Danish Sait, Aditya Parashar, Vamsidhar Bhogaraju and Suni and is sung by Aditya Parashar and Poojan Kohli.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Pss-_RDQamo|title=Problem Song - Humble Politician Nograj - Musical journey about Politicians, People & their Problems|work=Youtube|author=Pushkar Films|date=16 December 2017}}</ref>

==Release==

The film was released in Bangalore on 12 January.<ref name="T"/> The film was released in Australia,<ref name="A">{{Cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2018/jan/16/humble-politician-unseats-big-star-movies-from-theatres-1755469.html|title=Humble Politician unseats big star movies from theatres|work=New Indian Express|date=16 January 2018|last=Sharadhaa|first=A.}}</ref> New Zealand,<ref name="A"/> Germany<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.facebook.com/humblepoliticiannograj/photos/nograj-anna-is-came-to-germany-info-on-the-poster-httpskannadatalkieseu/539182559779355/|work=Facebook|date=15 January 2018|title=Nograj Anna is came to Germany 🇩🇪 Info on the poster!}}</ref> and the United States.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/humble-politiciann-nograj-heads-to-the-us-this-week/articleshow/62679331.cms|title=Humble Politiciann Nograj heads to the US this week|date=28 January 2018|work=The Times of India}}</ref>

The film was made available on [[Amazon Prime Video]] on 7 February and was the first Kannada film to be released on Prime.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/stories/interviews/2019/oct/13/humble-politician-nograj-sequel-to-arrive-on-streaming-platform-14877.html|title=Humble Politician Nograj sequel to arrive on streaming platform|last=Sharadhaa|first=A.|work=Cinema Express|date=13 October 2019}}</ref>

===Reception===

The movie received generally positive reviews.

''[[The Times of India]]'' gave the film a rating of three out of five stars and stated "Watch it for Nograj, Monjunath and some LOL moments, with a pertinent message in the end".<ref name="T">{{cite web |title=Humble Politiciann Nogaraj Movie Review {3/5}: Critic Review of Humble Politiciann Nogaraj by Times of India |website=[[The Times of India]] |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-reviews/humble-politiciann-nogaraj/movie-review/62469836.cms |accessdate=1 December 2018}}</ref> [[Bangalore Mirror]] in its review noted that "The film may not resonate with everyone for the same reason that Nograj makes his opponent in the film realise. However, it is an honest effort at a purposeful film."<ref>{{cite web |title=Humble politician nograj movie review: Cunning linguist |url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/reviews/humble-politician-nograj-movie-review-cunning-linguist/articleshow/62477418.cms |website=Bangalore Mirror |accessdate=1 December 2018}}</ref>

''[[Indian Express]]'' rated the film a rating of three-and-a-half out of five stars and stated "The real victory of ''Humble Politician Nograj'' writers Danish Sait and Saad Khan lies in their effort to create a sensible film backed with a clear plot, story, screenplay and cleverly-written dialogues."<ref>{{cite web |title=Humble Politician Nograj movie review: Danish Sait starrer mirrors real world |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/humble-politician-nograj-danish-sait-sumukhi-suresh-star-rating-5021587/ |website=The Indian Express |accessdate=1 December 2018 |date=13 January 2018}}</ref>

== Awards and nominations ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Award
! Category
! Nominee
! Outcome
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | {{Tooltip|Ref.|References}}
|-
| rowspan="4"|2019 || rowspan="4"|[[8th South Indian International Movie Awards]] || Best Debutant Actor || [[Danish Sait]] || {{won}} ||style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thebetterindia.com/230285/bengaluru-danish-sait-comedy-viral-online-lockdown-sushant-singh-rajput-india-nor41/|title=Exclusive: Danish Sait On Keeping India Entertained While Battling His Own Demons|work=The Better India|date=17 June 2020|last=Norbu Wangchuk|first=Rinchen}}</ref>
|-
| Best Actor In A Supporting Role || [[Roger Narayan]] || {{nom}} || rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thelivemirror.com/siima-2019-nominations-complete-list/|title=SIIMA 2019 Nominations: See Full List Of Telugu, Tamil, Malayalam & Kannada Film Industry|work=The Live Mirror|date=19 July 2019|last=Khandelwal|first=Stuti}}</ref>
|-
| Best Comedian || [[Vijay Chendoor]] || {{nom}}
|-
| Best Debut Director || [[Saad Khan]] || {{nom}} || style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.filmibeat.com/kannada/news/2019/siima-2019-nominations-kannada-yash-kgf-chapter-1-makes-it-to-all-the-categories-288227.html|title=SIIMA 2019 Nominations (Kannada): Yash's KGF Chapter 1 Makes It To All Categories!|work=Filmibeat|last=Krishnamurthy|first=Chaitra|date=2 August 2019}}</ref>
|}

== In popular culture ==
Nograj is the mascot of the [[Royal Challengers Bangalore]] cricket team.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/regional/french-biriyani-trailer-danish-sait-6508566/|title=French Biriyani trailer: Puneeth Rajkumar-Danish Sait promise a laugh riot|work=Indian Express|last=Kumar R.|first=Manoj|date=16 July 2020}}</ref> Indian [[comedy]] [[YouTuber|YouTuber duo]] [[Jordindian]] also made a collab with Danish Sait, reprising his role as a politician while calling himself "Politician Uncle".

==Spin off==
A ten episode web series named ''[[Humble Politiciann Nograj (TV series)|Humble Politiciann Nograj]]'' was released on [[Voot|Voot Select]] with Sait and Chendoor reprising their respective roles and [[Disha Madan]] in a pivotal role.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2019/oct/14/humble-politician-nograj-sequel-to-be-a-10-episode-web-series-2047092.html|title='Humble Politician Nograj' sequel to be a 10-episode web series|date=14 October 2019|work=New Indian Express|first=A.|last= Sharadhaa}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/stories/interviews/2020/jul/17/french-biriyani-will-remain-a-special-film-for-me-disha-madan-19402.html|title=French Biriyani will remain special film for me: Disha Madan|work=[[New Indian Express|Cinema Express]]|date=17 July 2020|first=A.|last=Sharadhaa}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|tt6577798}}
{{Pushkar Films}}
{{Hemanth M. Rao}}
{{Paramvah Studios}}

[[Category:2018 films]]
[[Category:2010s satirical films]]
[[Category:Indian political comedy films]]
[[Category:Indian satirical films]]
[[Category:Indian political satire films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Charan Raj]]
[[Category:2018 Kannada-language films]]
[[Category:2018 comedy films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Sricharan Pakala]]

Puthukkad Assembly constituency

2026-05-04T22:04:03Z

Felipa7295: Details!

{{Short description|Constituency of the Kerala legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| state = [[Kerala]]
| name = Puthukkad
| type = SLA
| constituency_no = 71
| map_image = File:Toll Plaza Puthukkad - ടോൾ പ്ലാസ പുതുക്കാട്.jpg
| map_caption = Paliyekkara Toll Plaza in Chittissery
| established = 2008
| reservation = None
| electors = 1,95,265 (2016)
| mla = [[K. K. Ramachandran]]
| party = [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]
| alliance = {{legend2|#ED1C24|'''[[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|LDF]]'''|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| latest_election_year = 2021
| district = [[Thrissur district|Thrissur]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Thrissur Lok Sabha constituency|Thrissur]]
}}
'''Puthukkad''' is one of the 140 [[Kerala Legislative Assembly|state legislative assembly]] constituencies in [[Kerala]]. It is also one of the seven [[Kerala Legislative Assembly|state legislative assembly]] constituencies included in [[Thrissur Lok Sabha constituency]].<ref name="tsr">{{cite web
|url = http://www.ceo.kerala.gov.in/thrissur.html
|website = www.ceo.kerala.gov.in
|title = State Assembly constituencies in Thrissur district, Kerala.
}}</ref> As of the [[2021 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|2021 Assembly elections]], the current MLA is [[K. K. Ramachandran]] of [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]].

==Local self-governed segments==
Puthukkad Assembly constituency is composed of the following local self-governed segments:<ref name="tsr"/>
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size: 95%;"
!width="30px" |Sl no.
!width="100px" |Name
!width="130px" |Status ([[Gram panchayat|Grama panchayat]]/[[Municipality]])
!width="100px" |[[Tehsil|Taluk]]
|-
|1
|[[Alagappa Nagar]]
|Grama panchayat
|[[Mukundapuram Taluk|Mukundapuram]]
|-
|2
|[[Nenmanikkara]]
|Grama panchayat
|[[Mukundapuram Taluk|Mukundapuram]]
|-
|3
|[[Parappukkara]]
|Grama panchayat
|[[Mukundapuram Taluk|Mukundapuram]]
|-
|4
|[[Puthukkad]]
|Grama panchayat
|[[Mukundapuram Taluk|Mukundapuram]]
|-
|5
|[[Trikkur]]
|Grama panchayat
|[[Mukundapuram Taluk|Mukundapuram]]
|-
|6
|[[Mattathur]]
|Grama panchayat
|[[Chalakudy taluk|Chalakudy]]
|-
|7
|[[Varandarappilly]]
|Grama panchayat
|[[Chalakudy taluk|Chalakudy]]
|-
|8
|[[Vallachira]]
|Grama panchayat
|[[Thrissur]]
|}

== Members of Legislative Assembly ==
The following list contains all members of [[Kerala Legislative Assembly]] who have represented the constituency:

'''Key'''

{{Party index link|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}
{| class="sortable" width="50%" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 2px #000000 solid; font-size: x-big;"
! style="background-color:#666666; color:white" |Election
! style="background-color:#666666; color:white" |Niyama
Sabha
! style="background-color:#666666; color:white" |Member
! colspan="2" style="background-color:#666666; color:white" |Party
! style="background-color:#666666; color:white" |Tenure
|-
|[[2011 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|2011]]
|13th
| rowspan="2" |[[C. Raveendranath]]
| rowspan="3" |[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]
| rowspan="3" style="background-color: {{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}" |
|2011 – 2016
|-
|[[2016 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|2016]]
|14th
| 2016 - 2021
|-
|[[2021 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|2021]]
|15th
|K. K. Ramachandran
|[[Incumbent]]
|}
{{notelist}}

== Election results ==

===2026===

{{Election box begin | title=[[2026 Kerala Legislative Assembly election]]: Puthukkad}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = CPI(M)
|candidate = [[K. K. Ramachandran]]
|votes = 63136
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = K. M. Baburaj

|votes = 60283
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = BJP
|candidate = A. Nagesh
|votes = 28018
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Aam Aadmi Party
|candidate = Jayakrishnan P. N.
|votes = 863
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = None of the above
|votes =
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box margin of victory|
|votes = 2853
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes =
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2021 ===
There were 2,01,035 registered voters in the constituency for the 2021 election.<ref>{{cite web|title=Kerala Niyamasabha Election Results 2021, Election commission of India|url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3767-kerala-general-legislative-election-2021|website=eci.gov.in}}</ref>

{{Election box begin|title=[[2021 Kerala Legislative Assembly election]]: Puthukkad}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|party=Communist Party of India (Marxist)|candidate=[[K. K. Ramachandran]]|votes=73,365|percentage=46.94|change={{decrease}}3.07|}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Indian National Congress|candidate=Sunil Anthikad|votes=46,012|percentage=29.44|change={{increase}}3.62|}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=A. Nagesh|votes=34,893|percentage=22.33|change={{decrease}}0.25|}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=None of the above|candidate=None of the above|votes=1,069|percentage=0.68|change=-}}

{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist)|candidate=Rajesh Appat|votes=489|percentage=0.31|change={{increase}}0.16|}}{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Bahujan Samaj Party|candidate=P. C. Pushpakaran|votes=455|percentage=0.29|change=-}}
{{Election box margin of victory||votes=27,353|percentage=17.50|change={{decrease}}6.75}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=1,56,283|percentage=77.74|change={{decrease}}3.50}}
{{Election box hold with party link|winner=Communist Party of India (Marxist)|swing={{decrease}}3.07|}}

{{Election box end}}

=== 2016 ===
There were 1,95,265 registered voters in the constituency for the 2016 election.<ref>{{cite web|title=Kerala Niyamasabha Election Results 2016, Election commission of India|url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3767-kerala-general-legislative-election-2016|website=eci.gov.in}}</ref>

{{Election box begin|title=[[2016 Kerala Legislative Assembly election]]: Puthukkad}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Communist Party of India (Marxist)|candidate=C. Raveendranath|votes=79,464|percentage=50.07|change={{decrease}}2.77|}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Indian National Congress|candidate=Sundaran Kunnathully|votes=40,986|percentage=25.82|change={{decrease}}7.86|}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=A. Nagesh|votes=35,833|percentage=22.58|change={{increase}}12.15|}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=None of the above|candidate=None of the above|votes=779|percentage=0.49|change=-}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Peoples Democratic Party (India)|candidate=Asif Niyas|votes=519|percentage=0.33|change=-|}}

{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Independent politician|candidate=C. V. Vijayan|votes=431|percentage=0.27|change=-}}{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Shiv Sena|candidate=Santhosh Polakulath|votes=239|percentage=0.15|change=-}}{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist)|candidate=Jayan Konikkara|votes=237|percentage=0.15|change=-}}{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Independent politician|candidate=Santhosh Iythadan|votes=233|percentage=0,15|change=-}}{{Election box margin of victory||votes=38,478|percentage=24.25|change={{increase}}5.29}}
{{Election box hold with party link|winner=Communist Party of India (Marxist)|swing={{decrease}}2.77}}{{Election box turnout||votes=1,58,721|percentage=81.28|change={{increase}}2.75}}

{{Election box end}}

=== 2011 ===
There were 1,76,055 registered voters in the constituency for the 2011 election.<ref>{{cite web|title=Kerala Niyamasabha Election Results 2011, Election commission of India|url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3763-kerala-2011|access-date=11 March 2020|website=eci.gov.in}}</ref>

{{Election box begin|title=[[2011 Kerala Legislative Assembly election]]: Puthukkad}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Communist Party of India (Marxist)|candidate=C. Raveendranath|votes=73,047|percentage=52.84|change=|}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Indian National Congress|candidate=K. P. Vishwanathan|votes=46,565|percentage=33.68|change=|}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=Sobha Surendran|votes=14,425|percentage=10.43|change=|}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Independent politician|candidate=P. J. Monsy|votes=2,084|percentage=1.51|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Bahujan Samaj Party|candidate=P. C. Pushpakaran|votes=1,013|percentage=0.73|change=|}}

{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Independent politician|candidate=Paulson Kalloor|votes=622|percentage=0.45|change=}}{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Independent politician|candidate=K. V. Purushottaman|votes=495|percentage=0.36|change=}}{{Election box margin of victory||votes=26,482|percentage=19.16|change=}}
{{Election box new seat win|winner=Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}{{Election box turnout||votes=1,38,251|percentage=78.53|change=}}

{{Election box end}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Kerala Assembly Constituencies}}

[[Category:State assembly constituencies in Thrissur district]]
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Kerala]]
[[Category:2008 establishments in Kerala]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 2008]]

Rajinder Singh Joon

2026-05-02T14:55:59Z

Felipa7295: Done!

{{Short description|Indian politician (born 1956)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2025}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| office = Member of [[Haryana Legislative Assembly]]
| office1 =
| constituency = [[Bahadurgarh Assembly constituency|Bahadurgarh]]
| constituency1 = [[Bahadurgarh Assembly constituency|Bahadurgarh]]
| predecessor1 = [[Nafe Singh Rathee]]
| term_start = 2019
| term_end = 2024
| predecessor = [[Naresh Kaushik]]
| successor = [[Rajesh Joon (politician)|Rajesh Joon]]
| term_start1 = 2005
| term_end1 = 2014
| successor1 = [[Naresh Kaushik]]
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]
}}
'''Rajinder Singh Joon''' (born 15 August 1956)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rajinder Singh Joon |url=https://www.rajindersinghjoon.org/ |access-date=2024-09-11 |website=www.rajindersinghjoon.org |language=en-US}}</ref> is an Indian politician from [[Haryana]]. He is a former MLA from [[Bahadurgarh Assembly constituency]] in [[Jhajjar district]]. He won the [[2019 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]] representing the [[Indian National Congress]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bahadurgarh Constituency Election Results 2019: Bahadurgarh Assembly Seat Details, MLA Candidates & Winner |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/haryana/constituency-show/bahadurgarh |access-date=2024-09-11 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-09-07 |title=Congress faces revolt in Haryana as Rajesh Joon quits party, announces to fight from Bahadurgarh as independent |url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/haryana-assembly/congress-faces-revolt-in-haryana-as-rajesh-joon-quits-party-announces-to-fight-from-bahadurgarh-as-independent/article68617374.ece |access-date=2024-09-11 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Singh is from [[Bahadurgarh]], Haryana. His father Ch. Surajmal Joon was a former MLA from Bahadurgarh. He completed his B.A. in 1977 at Hindu College, Delhi which is affiliated with [[Delhi University]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rajinder Singh Joon(Indian National Congress(INC)):Constituency- BAHADURGARH(JHAJJAR) - Affidavit Information of Candidate |url=http://www.myneta.info/haryana2019/candidate.php?candidate_id=7923 |access-date=2024-09-11 |website=www.myneta.info}}</ref>

== Career ==
Singh won from Bahadurgarh Assembly constituency representing the Indian National Congress in the 2019 Haryana Legislative Assembly election. He polled 55,825 votes and defeated his nearest rival, [[Naresh Kaushik]] of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]], by a margin of 15,491 votes.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bahadurgarh Assembly Election Results 2020 Live Updates, Bahadurgarh Assembly Election Latest News & Updates |url=https://news.abplive.com/haryana-election/bahadurgarh-assembly-election-result-2019-64.html |access-date=2024-09-11 |website=news.abplive.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-10-24 |title=Bahadurgarh Election Results 2019 Live Updates (बहादुरगढ़): Rajinder Singh Joon of Congress Wins |url=https://www.news18.com/news/politics/bahadurgarh-election-results-2019-live-updates-winner-loser-leading-trailing-2359231.html |access-date=2024-09-11 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref> Singh lost in 2024 to [[Rajesh Joon]].

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rajinder Singh, Joon}}
[[Category:1956 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Haryana]]
[[Category:Haryana MLAs 2019–2024]]

Bonda Mani

2026-04-29T22:50:37Z

Felipa7295: Put up basic stub and citations

{{Short description|Indian actor (1963–2023)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2019}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Bonda Mani
| image =
| caption =
| birth_name = Kedheeswaran
| birth_date = {{birth date|1963|09|19|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Mannar District]], [[Dominion of Ceylon|Ceylon]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|2023|12|23|1963|09|19|df=y}}
| death_place = [[Polichalur]], [[Tamil Nadu]], India
| occupation = Actor
| yearsactive = 1991–2023
| spouse = Madhavi
| children = 2
}}

'''Kedheeswaran''',<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 December 2023 |title=போண்டா மணி பெயர் வந்தது எப்படி? உண்மையான பெயர் என்ன தெரியுமா? |trans-title=How did he get the name Bonda Mani? Do you know what his real name is? |url=https://tamil.news18.com/photogallery/entertainment/cinema-why-actor-bonda-mani-got-this-name-what-is-his-real-name-1283230.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231224021103/https://tamil.news18.com/photogallery/entertainment/cinema-why-actor-bonda-mani-got-this-name-what-is-his-real-name-1283230.html |archive-date=24 December 2023 |access-date=4 April 2024 |website=[[News18]] |language=ta}}</ref> better known as '''Bonda Mani''' (19 September 1963 – 23 December 2023), was an Indian actor who appeared in [[Tamil language film]]s. He came to [[Tamil Nadu]] from Sri Lanka as a [[refugee]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Tragedy continues in film industry... Actor Bonda Mani passes away... |url=http://www.indiaherald.com/Breaking/Read/994661618/Tragedy-continues-in-film-industry-Actor-Bonda-Mani-passes-away |access-date=24 December 2023 |website=indiaherald.com |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Citation |title=Bonda Mani and Pudhupettai Suresh's Emotional Moment Stole the Show at the Golden Carpet Awards |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kn3HJ88CcsI |access-date=24 December 2023 |language=en}}</ref>

He predominantly worked in comedy and supporting roles in over 270 films in his illustrious career spanning three decades.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://cinema.dinamalar.com/tamil-news/55148/cinema/Kollywood/vadivelu-has-more-affection-on-me-says-actor-bonda-mani.htm|title=என் மீது அதிக பாசம் கொண்டவர் வடிவேலு! -நடிகர் போண்டாமணி – vadivelu has more affection on me says actor bonda mani|last=Dinamalar|date=16 January 2017}}</ref> He was well known for his performances in ''[[Pongalo Pongal]]'' (1997), ''[[Sundhara Travels]]'' (2002), [[Winner (2003 film)|''Winner'']] (2003), ''[[Englishkaran]]'' (2005), [[Aaru (film)|''Aaru'']] (2005) and [[Marudhamalai (film)|''Marudhamalai'']] (2007) and ''[[Kannum Kannum]]'' (2008).<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 December 2023 |title=Tamil actor and comedian Bonda Mani dies of kidney-related illness at 60 |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/tamil-cinema/bonda-mani-tamil-actor-comedian-dies-101703396325746.html |access-date=26 December 2023 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref> He was known for his one-line dialogues in films in which he acted.

==Early life and career==
Kedheeswaran was born on 19 September 1963 in [[Mannar District]], [[Sri Lanka]], where he was also raised.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://nadigar-sangam.org/member/bondamani-a-ka-kedhesvaran/|title=Bondamani (a.ka) Kedhesvaran – Official Site of South Indian Artists Association, Nadigar Sangam, Tamil Nadigar Sangam|website=www.nadigarsangam.org}}</ref> He was born as the fifteenth child in his family and had fifteen siblings in his family.

He lost both his parents at an early age, as both became victims of the [[Sri Lankan Civil War|Sri Lankan civil war]].<ref name=":3" /> His mother and eight of his siblings attempted to flee Sri Lanka in 1983 by boat, but died when their boat was capsized due to a bomb deployed by the [[Sri Lanka Army|Sri Lankan Army]] during the peak of the Sri Lankan civil war.<ref name=":0" />

He moved to India after spending his early childhood in Sri Lanka.<ref name=":0">{{Citation |title=Bonda Mani Emotional Untold Story {{!}} Sri Lanka to Tamil Cinema {{!}} Kumudam {{!}} Naan Yaar |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3tzJx-9GcTY |access-date=24 December 2023 |language=en}}</ref> He grew up as a die-hard fan of [[M. G. Ramachandran]].

In an exclusive interview with ''[[Kumudam]]'', he revealed that he had been cheated by his agent, who promised him that he would make arrangements to get him a job in Tamil Nadu, but allegedly made Bonda Mani sign an agreement that required him to stay in Singapore for five years.<ref name=":0" /> However, he received a timely opportunity to meet K. Bhagyaraj, whom he asked for a film role, which Bhagyaraj refused. Mani also asked for Bhagyaraj's address, which Bhagyaraj initially refused to give. Bhagyaraj asked Mani to meet him in Chennai and clarify the situation accordingly.

He then decided to join those other Tamils in moving to Tamil Nadu to seek asylum, and in his case to pursue film roles, in 1983.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite news |date=24 December 2023 |title=Tamil actor-comedian Bonda Mani passes away |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/tamil-actor-comedian-bonda-mani-passes-away/article67671341.ece |access-date=26 December 2023 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> He then resided in a refugee camp in [[Chidambaram]] and worked under Udaiyar Ramachandran in Chennai.

Mani apparently tried to enter the Tamil film industry for seven years, but his attempts failed to bear fruit.<ref name=":0" /> Mani then came back to Sri Lanka in 1990 and launched a grocery shop, naming it "Latha Stores", but suffered an injury due to a bomb attack that left one of his legs nearly paralyzed. He left Sri Lanka again that same year, once again joining a refugee camp in [[Salem, Tamil Nadu|Salem]].<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />

==Prominence==
While working in Singapore during the 1980s, he had become acquainted with director [[K. Bhagyaraj]], who visited the country for a show. He later reconnected with Bhagyaraj during a visit to Chennai and was cast in a supporting role in ''[[Pavunnu Pavunuthan]]'' (1991).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=galJEk86Qf8|title=Exclusive interview with Bonda Mani Movie Comedian|last=Thandora|date=3 April 2015|via=[[YouTube]]}}</ref> He came to Tamil Nadu mainly with the intention of entering the film industry, as he had dreamed of an acting career since his childhood, and he also made the decision to enter [[Kollywood]] due to the lack of Tamil films being produced in Sri Lanka.<ref name=":0" />

Mani subsequently made a breakthrough after his performance in ''[[Thendral Varum Theru]]'' (1994) and the film received positive reviews. He eventually made his television debut in [[Raj TV]] television soap opera ''[[Ganga Yamuna Saraswati]]'' (1998), where he starred alongside veterans including [[M. S. Viswanathan]].<ref name=":0" />

He appeared with veteran Tamil actor [[Vadivelu]] in many of his memorable comedy tracks. He was persuaded by director Suraj and actor [[Arjun Sarja|Arjun]] to portray the role of a beggar in [[Marudhamalai (film)|''Marudhamalai'']] over a call even though his mentor Vadivelu told him not to act in such role, explaining the dire consequences of acting in such kind of roles.<ref name=":0" /> He had maintained good companionship with both Vadivelu and Vivek, and he also gave credit to both Vadivelu and Vivek for helping him grow in his career.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Desk |first=HT Tamil |title=Bonda Mani: 'என் வீட்ல தங்கி சாப்பிட்ட நன்றி இருக்கா சூரிக்கு?' -போண்டா மணி! |url=https://tamil.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/comedy-actor-bonda-mani-interview-about-actor-soori-131680421826745.html |access-date=24 December 2023 |website=Tamil Hindustan Times |language=ta}}</ref>

His comedy dialogues in films came mostly when he collaborated alongside Vadivelu, including "annan ethayum sollidathinga adichu kooda kepanga sollidathinga" ({{Translation|Brother, don't say anything even if they beat you up}}) in ''[[Kannum Kannum]]'',<ref name=":4">{{Cite news |date=25 December 2023 |title=Actor Bonda Mani passes away |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/actor-bonda-mani-passes-away/articleshow/106258125.cms |access-date=26 December 2023 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> and dialogues in films like ''[[Englishkaran]]'', ''[[Aaru (film)|Aaru]]'', and ''[[Marudhamalai]]''. He also occasionally collaborated with [[Vivek (actor)|Vivek]] in films including ''[[Thirumalai]]'' (2003) and [[Padikkadavan (2009 film)|''Padikkadavan'']] (2009). Vivek also advised Bonda Mani that he would get more recognition and fame when he collaborated with Vadivelu.<ref name=":0" />

Bonda Mani also credited [[G. Marimuthu]] with the dialogue in the film ''[[Kannum Kannum]]'' (2008), which made Bonda Mani an household name among the general audience at the time of the film's theatrical release.<ref name=":0" /> The dialogue became a popular [[internet meme]] template and was widely used in social media platforms.<ref name=":4" />

Along with commitments as an actor, Bonda Mani ran a stage drama troupe called "Sai Kalai Koodam" and organised theatrical shows.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nettv4u.com/celebrity/tamil/comedian/bonda-mani|title=Tamil Comedian Bonda Mani – Nettv4u}}</ref> He made a comeback return to television with a fully-fledged role in ''[[Enga Veetu Meenakshi]]'' (2021), where he played the role of a snake charmer.<ref name=":2">{{Cite news |date=4 February 2022 |title=Actors Vijayakumar and Bonda Mani to make television comeback after a break |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/actors-vijayakumar-and-bonda-mani-to-make-television-comeback-after-a-break/articleshow/89344775.cms |access-date=24 December 2023 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

==Personal life==
In June 2016, Bonda Mani joined the [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] political party along with a few [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] party workers. Bonda Mani personally met the Chief Minister [[Jayalalithaa]] to officially join the party.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.maalaimalar.com/news/topnews/2016/06/09144114/1017669/dmk-administrators-actor-bonda-mani-jayalalithaa-before.vpf|title=தி.மு.க. நிர்வாகிகள் – நடிகர் போண்டா மணி ஜெயலலிதா முன்னிலையில் அ.தி.மு.க.வில் சேர்ந்தனர் – DMK administrators actor bonda mani Jayalalithaa before join AIADMK|website=www.maalaimalar.com}}</ref> In 2020, he received a Sri Lankan passport but he insisted to the Sri Lankan authorities that he desired to travel abroad to engage in comedy shows.<ref name=":4" /> However, he did not receive Indian citizenship and remained as a refugee in India until his death, and he could not travel abroad as a result of not gaining Indian citizenship.<ref name=":3" />

===Illness and death===
Mani faced severe health issues as his health deteriorated around 2022 and he confronted [[diabetes]].{{Citation needed|date=October 2024}} He fainted when travelling in a bus in September 2022; he was immediately admitted to Omandurar Rajiv Gandhi Hospital for medical treatment and was assisted by fellow comedian [[King Kong (actor)|King Kong]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Comedian Bonda Mani hospitalized |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/regional/tamil/comedian-bonda-mani-hospitalized/videoshow/91857809.cms |access-date=24 December 2023 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=21 September 2022 |title=போண்டாமணிக்கு உதவி பண்ணுங்க – நடிகர் பெஞ்சமின் வேண்டுகோள் |url=https://www.hindutamil.in/news/cinema/tamil-cinema/871176-bonda-mani-in-critical-condtion-says-actor-benjamin-via-video.html |access-date=24 December 2023 |website=Hindu Tamil Thisai |language=ta}}</ref> Bonda Mani was depressed to know that the bill amount was unaffordable for him during that time especially with lack of film opportunities.<ref name=":0" /> It was also reported that both his kidneys were starting to malfunction.<ref>{{Cite news |date=23 September 2022 |title=Tamil Nadu: Actor 'Bonda' Mani needs kidney transplant |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/tamil-nadu-actor-bonda-mani-needs-kidney-transplant/articleshow/94384932.cms |access-date=24 December 2023 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

Film producer [[Ishari K. Ganesh]] reportedly told Bonda Mani to undergo operations and dialysis and also told him to not worry about the medical expenses. He also received financial support from prominent actors including [[Vijay Sethupathi]], [[Rajinikanth|Rajnikanth]], [[Dhanush]] and [[Samuthirakani]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dhanush, Vijay Sethupathi donate Rs 1 lakh each to Bonda Mani for medical treatment |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/dhanush-vijay-sethupathi-donate-rs-1-lakh-each-to-bonda-mani-for-medical-treatment-2004738-2022-09-26 |access-date=24 December 2023 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=24 September 2022 |title=Vijay Sethupathi donates Rs 1 lakh for Bonda Mani's medical treatment; Vadivelu assures to help too |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/vijay-sethupathi-donates-rs-1-lakh-for-bonda-manis-medical-treatment-vadivelu-assures-to-help-too/articleshow/94415074.cms?from=mdr |access-date=24 December 2023 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

Mani died due to kidney failure in [[Polichalur]], Chennai, on 23 December 2023, at the age of 60.<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 December 2023 |title=நகைச்சுவை நடிகர் "போண்டா" மணி காலமானார் – Dinamalar Tamil News |url=https://www.dinamalar.com/news/tamil-nadu-news/comedian-34bonda34-mani-passed-away/3510852 |access-date=24 December 2023 |website=Dinamalar |language=ta}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Comedian Bonda Mani dies of kidney-related illness at 60 |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/comedian-bonda-mani-dies-of-kidney-related-illness-at-60-2479830-2023-12-24 |access-date=24 December 2023 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref> He had been admitted to the [[intensive care unit]] at a government hospital at Omandurar.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Navaneethakrishnan |first=Stalin |title=RIP Bonda Mani: சாவிடம் போராடி மீண்ட போண்டா மணி.. திடீர் மரணம்! |url=https://tamil.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/tamil-comedy-actor-bonda-mani-passed-away-from-ill-health-131703366669146.html |access-date=24 December 2023 |website=Tamil Hindustan Times |language=ta}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=தினத்தந்தி |date=24 December 2023 |title=நகைச்சுவை நடிகர் போண்டா மணி காலமானார் |url=https://www.dailythanthi.com/News/State/comedian-bonda-mani-passed-away-1087176 |access-date=24 December 2023 |website=www.dailythanthi.com |language=ta}}</ref> His funeral was held in [[Chromepet]] on 24 December 2023.<ref>{{Cite news |date=24 December 2023 |title=Comedy actor Bonda Mani passes away; Kollywood mourns his demise |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/comedy-actor-bonda-mani-passes-away-kollywood-mourns-his-demise/articleshow/106244923.cms?from=mdr |access-date=26 December 2023 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

==Filmography==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Title
! class="unsortable" | Role
! class="unsortable" | Note
|-
| 1991
| ''[[Pavunnu Pavunuthan]]''
|
|
|-
| rowspan="2" | 1993
| ''[[Manikuyil]]''
|
|
|-
| ''[[Pon Vilangu]]''
|
|
|-
| rowspan="3" | 1994
| ''[[Thendral Varum Theru]]''
|
|
|-
| ''[[Nila (1994 film)|Nila]]''
|
|
|-
| ''[[Ravanan (1994 film)|Ravanan]]''
|
|
|-
| rowspan="4" | 1995
| ''[[Naan Petha Magane]]''
|
|
|-
| ''[[Paattu Padava]]''
|
|
|-
| ''[[Muthu (film)|Muthu]]''
| Villager
| Uncredited
|-
| ''[[Murai Mappillai]]''
|
|
|-
| rowspan="6" | 1996
| ''[[Aruva Velu]]''
|
|
|-
| ''[[Vaazhga Jananayagam]]''
|
|
|-
| ''[[Avathara Purushan]]''
|
|
|-
| ''[[Kaalam Maari Pochu (1996 film)|Kaalam Maari Pochu]]''
|
|
|-
| ''[[Minor Mappillai]]''
|
|
|-
| ''[[Selva (film)|Selva]]''
|
|
|-
| rowspan="4" | 1997
| ''[[Nattupura Nayagan]]''
|
|
|-
| ''[[Bharathi Kannamma]]''
|
|
|-
| ''[[Arunachalam (film)|Arunachalam]]''
|
|
|-
| ''[[Pongalo Pongal]]''
|
|
|-
| rowspan="2" | 1998
| ''[[Vettu Onnu Thundu Rendu]]''
|
|
|-
| ''[[Ponmaanai Thedi]]''
|
|
|-
| rowspan="2" | 1999
| ''[[Suyamvaram]]''
|
|
|-
| ''[[Nesam Pudhusu]]''
|
|
|-
| rowspan="2"|2000 || ''[[Thirunelveli (film)|Thirunelveli]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Koodi Vazhnthal Kodi Nanmai (2000 film)|Koodi Vazhnthal Kodi Nanmai]]''
|
|
|-
| rowspan="4" | 2001
| ''[[Rishi (2001 film)|Rishi]]''
|
|
|-
| ''[[Ninaikkatha Naalillai]]''
|
|
|-
| ''[[En Purushan Kuzhandhai Maadhiri]]''
|
|
|-
| ''[[Sri Raja Rajeshwari]]''
|
|
|-
| rowspan="8" | 2002
| ''[[Pammal K. Sambandam]]''
|
|
|-
| ''[[Vivaramana Aalu]]''
|
|
|-
| ''[[Thenkasi Pattanam]]''
|
|
|-
| ''[[Karmegham]]''
|
|
|-
| ''[[Naina (2002 film)|Naina]]''
|
|
|-
| ''[[Run (2002 film)|Run]]''
|
|
|-
| ''[[Sundara Travels]]''
|
|
|-
| ''[[Maaran (2002 film)|Maaran]]''
|
|
|-
| rowspan="6" | 2003
| ''[[Vaseegara]]''
| Auto driver
| Uncredited
|-
| ''[[Anbu (2003 film)|Anbu]]''
|
|
|-
| ''[[Winner (2003 film)|Winner]]''
|
|
|-
| ''[[Thirumalai]]''
|
|
|-
| ''[[Ottran]]''
|
|
|-
| ''[[Kadhal Kirukkan]]''
|
|
|-
| rowspan="9" | 2004
| ''[[Maanasthan]]''
|
|
|-
| ''[[Madhurey]]''
|
|
|-
| ''[[M. Kumaran Son of Mahalakshmi]]''
|
|
|-
| ''[[Chatrapathy (2004 film)|Chatrapathy]]''
|
|
|-
| ''[[Mani (film)|Sollattuma]]''
|
|
|-
| ''[[Jaisurya]]''
|
|
|-
| ''[[Meesai Madhavan]]''
|
|
|-
| ''[[Remote (2004 film)|Remote]]''
|
|
|-
| ''[[Aai (film)|Aai]]''
|
|
|-
| rowspan="12" | 2005
| ''[[Ayya (2005 Tamil film)|Ayya]]''
|
|
|-
| ''[[Aayudham (2005 film)|Aayudham]]''
|
|
|-
| ''[[Mannin Maindhan]]''
|
|
|-
| ''[[6'2]]''
|
|
|-
| ''[[Englishkaran]]''
|
|
|-
| ''[[Kaatrullavarai]]''
|
|
|-
| ''[[February 14 (film)|February 14]]''
|
|
|-
| ''[[Chanakya (2005 film)|Chanakya]]''
|
|
|-
| ''[[Mazhai]]''
|
|
|-
| ''[[Aaru (film)|Aaru]]''
|
|
|-
| ''[[Vetrivel Sakthivel]]''
|
|
|-
| ''[[Kundakka Mandakka]]''
|
|
|-
| rowspan="5" | 2006
| ''[[Pachchak Kuthira]]''
|
|
|-
| ''[[Aadhikkam]]''
|
|
|-
| ''[[Kurukshetram (2006 film)|Kurukshetram]]''
|
|
|-
| ''[[Vathiyar]]''
|
|
|-
| ''[[Chennai Kadhal]]'' || Rowdy Rangan || Uncredited
|-
| rowspan="5" | 2007
| ''[[Thaamirabharani]]''
|
|
|-
| ''[[Manikanda]]''
|
|
|-
| ''[[Thottal Poo Malarum]]''
|
|
|-
| ''[[Marudhamalai (film)|Marudhamalai]]''
|
|
|-
| ''[[Piragu]]''
|
|
|-
| rowspan="4" | 2008
| ''[[Sandai]]''
|
|
|-
| ''[[Muniyandi Vilangial Moonramandu]]''
|
|
|-
| ''[[Kuselan]]''
|
|
|-
| ''[[Nadigai]]''
| Mumtaj's manager
| Uncredited
|-
| rowspan="3" | 2009
| ''[[Padikkadavan (2009 film)|Padikkadavan]]''
|
|
|-
| ''[[Rajadhi Raja (2009 film)|Rajadhi Raja]]''
|
|
|-
| ''[[Azhagar Malai]]''
|
|
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2010
| ''[[Vaadaa]]''
|
|
|-
| ''[[Aarvam]]''
|
|
|-
| 2011
| ''[[Velayudham]]''
|
|
|-
| rowspan="3"|2012
| ''[[Medhai]]''
|
|
|-
| ''[[Mattuthavani (film)|Mattuthavani]]''
|
|
|-
| ''Akilan'' || ||
|-
| rowspan="2"|2013
| ''Mayil Paarai'' ||
||
|-
| ''[[Masani (film)|Masani]]''
|
|
|-
| rowspan="4" | 2014
| ''[[Adhu Vera Idhu Vera]]''
|
|
|-
| ''Sokku Sundaram''
|
|
|-
| ''[[Kalkandu]]''
|
|
|-
| ''Nenjirukkumvarai Ninaivirukkum''
|| ||
|-
| rowspan="5" | 2015
| ''[[Vethu Vettu]]'' || Attachi Appakadai customer ||
|-
| ''[[Maharani Kottai]]''
|
|
|-
| ''[[Athiradi]]''
|
|
|-
| ''Kathirvel Kaakha''
|
|
|-
| ''Aluchattiyam Appadi Irikum''
|
|
|-
| rowspan="5" | 2016
| ''[[Vaaliba Raja]]''
|
|
|-
| ''Bathiladi''
|
|
|-
| ''[[Sandikuthirai]]''
|
|
|-
| ''[[Ilamai Oonjal]]''
|
|
|-
| ''[[Andaman (2016 film)|Andaman]]''
|
|
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2017
| ''[[Muthuramalingam]]''
|
|
|-
| ''Karanam''
|
|
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2018
| ''Nari Vettai''
|
|
|-
| ''[[Prema Baraha|Solli Vidava]]''
|
|
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2019
| ''[[Thanimai]]''
|
|
|-
| ''Manguni Pandiyargal''
|
|
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2021
| ''Sariya Thavara''
|
|
|-
| ''Chinna Pannai Periya Pannai''
|
|
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2022
| ''Uzhaikkum Kaigal''
|
|
|-
| ''Paruva Kadhal''
|
|
|-
| rowspan="3" | 2023
| ''[[Striker (2023 film)|Striker]]''
|
|
|-
| ''[[Va Varalam Va]]''
|
|
|-
| ''Sri Sabari Ayyappan''
|
|
|-
| 2024
| ''Kolai Thooram''
|
| rowspan="3" | Posthumous releases
|-
| rowspan="2"| 2025
| ''[[Otha Votu Muthaiya]]''
|
|-
| ''Magabali''
|
|-
|}

==Television==
* ''[[Ganga Yamuna Saraswati]]'' (1998)
* ''[[Poove Poochudava (TV series)|Poove Poochudava]]'' (2020) – Special appearance
* ''[[Enga Veetu Meenakshi]]'' (2022) as Snake Charmer<ref name=":2" />

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb name|4621799}}
*[https://www.moviebuff.com/bonda-mani Bonda Mani] on Moviebuff

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mani, Bonda}}
[[Category:1963 births]]
[[Category:2023 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian male film actors]]
[[Category:Male actors in Tamil cinema]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:Indian male comedians]]
[[Category:Tamil comedians]]
[[Category:Sri Lankan emigrants to India]]
[[Category:Indian people of Sri Lankan descent]]
[[Category:People from Mannar District]]
[[Category:Deaths from kidney disease]]

De Ghuma Ke

2026-04-24T16:50:01Z

Felipa7295: Put up first post added tags

{{Afd-merge to|2011 Cricket World Cup#Song|discussion=De Ghuma Ke|date=24 April 2026}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2022}}
{{Infobox song
| name = De Ghumaa Ke (दे घुमा के)
| cover = Deghumake.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Album cover for "De Ghumake" released by Universal Music
| type =
| artist = [[Shankar–Ehsaan–Loy]]
| album = De Ghuma Ke<ref>[http://icc-cricket.yahoo.net/newsdetails.php?newsId=13103_1297260000 ICC.] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110724135309/http://icc-cricket.yahoo.net/newsdetails.php?newsId=13103_1297260000 |date=24 July 2011 }} Retrieved on 8 Feb 2010.</ref>
| language = [[Hindi language|Hindi]], [[Bengali language|Bengali]] and [[Sinhala language|Sinhalese]]
| released = 31 December 2010
| recorded = 2010
| studio =
| venue =
| genre = [[World music|World]], [[Rock music|rock]], [[Hip hop music|hip hop]]
| length = 3:56
| label = [[Universal Music Group|Universal]]
| writer = [[Shankar–Ehsaan–Loy]], Manoj Yadav
| producer =
}}
"'''De Ghumaa Ke'''" ({{langx|hi|दे घुमा के}}, {{langx|en|Swing It Hard}}), is a song composed by the trio of [[Shankar–Ehsaan–Loy]] ([[Shankar Mahadevan]], [[Ehsaan Noorani]] and [[Loy Mendonsa]]) and has been sung by [[Shankar Mahadevan]] and [[Divya Kumar (singer)|Divya Kumar]]. It is the official song for the [[2011 Cricket World Cup]]. It was released worldwide on 31 December 2010. The song has three different versions in [[Hindi]], [[Bengali language|Bengali]] and [[Sinhala language|Sinhalese]], as [[Bangladesh]], India and [[Sri Lanka]] co-hosted the event.<ref>[http://www.hindustantimes.com/Shankar-Ehsaan-Loy-score-a-hit-with-World-Cup-song/Article1-645946.aspx Shankar-Ehsaan-Loy score a hit with World Cup song] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110106231528/http://www.hindustantimes.com/Shankar-Ehsaan-Loy-score-a-hit-with-World-Cup-song/Article1-645946.aspx |date=6 January 2011 }} ''Hindustan Times''. Retrieved 9 January 2011.</ref><ref>[http://www.indianexpress.com/news/De-ghuma-ke----Countdown-to-World-Cup-begins-today/731451 De ghuma ke... Countdown to World Cup begins today] ''The Indian Express''. Retrieved 9 January 2011.</ref> The Bengali version, ''"Mar Ghuriye"'' ({{langx|bn|মার ঘুরিয়ে}}) of the song has been sung by Raghab Chatterjee and Sinhalese version, ''"Sinha Udane"'' ({{langx|si|සිංහ උදානේ}}) by Ranidu Lankage.<ref>[http://icc-cricket.yahoo.net/newsdetails.php?newsId=13103_1297260000 Universal Music to release official ICC CWC 2011 album. ICC.] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110724135309/http://icc-cricket.yahoo.net/newsdetails.php?newsId=13103_1297260000 |date=24 July 2011 }} Retrieved on 8 Feb 2010.</ref> The song has been marketed and managed by [[Ogilvy and Mather]].

==Background and composition==
{{Listen
| filename = De Ghuma Ke.ogg
| title = De Ghuma Ke
| description = A sample to "De Ghumake"
}}
"De Ghumaa Ke" literally means "Swing It Hard". The song's lyrics were written by Manoj Yadav.<ref>[http://worldcup-cricket-2011.com/de-ghuma-ke-icc-world-cup-2011-theme-song-de-ghuma-ke-lyrics-and-video/ Lyrics and Video of De Ghuma Ke - ICC Cricket Worldcup 2011 Official Song] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110227014931/http://worldcup-cricket-2011.com/de-ghuma-ke-icc-world-cup-2011-theme-song-de-ghuma-ke-lyrics-and-video/ |date=27 February 2011 }}</ref>

"We were looking at various ideas to determine what direction we can take because we wanted to make a fun song, a ''dhamaal'' song on which people can dance, they can sing and we wanted to use more of a colloquial term, which was an idea that came in late. Initially, we were looking at a regular dance song and by chance we coined this phrase ''De Ghuma Ke''. Everyone got excited and said why not make a song around the phrase," said Shankar.<ref>[http://icc-cricket.yahoo.net/newsdetails.php?newsId=12655_1293619320 Shankar-Ehsaan-Loy to compose official ICC CWC 2011 song.] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120406114916/http://icc-cricket.yahoo.net/newsdetails.php?newsId=12655_1293619320 |date=6 April 2012 }} ICC. Retrieved 9 January 2011.</ref>

The song uses Hindi [[colloquialism]]s like ''aare paare'' ("this way or that") and ''juta hausla badla faisla'' ("buck up and change the game"), and has a rousing quality. It incorporates an array of [[India]]n rhythms, as well as elements of rock and hip-hop. The song, according to the [[composer]]s, avoids both the cliches of patriotism and run-of-the-mill [[Bollywood]] beats for a "fun and funky tune" with a "folksy feel and a hint of rustic Punjabi".<ref>[http://www.indianexpress.com/news/De-ghuma-ke----Countdown-to-World-Cup-begins-today/731451 "De ghuma ke... Countdown to World Cup begins today".] ''The Indian Express''. Retrieved 9 January 2011.</ref>

Each member has brought in the song his own unique talent and experience, combining the [[Carnatic music|Carnatic]] and [[Hindustani classical music|Hindustani]] vocal tradition, Western [[Rock music|rock]], fusion and [[synthesiser]] techniques.<ref>[http://icc-cricket.yahoo.net/newsdetails.php?newsId=12727_1294329300 "ICC CWC 2011 song composers explain the inspiration behind De Ghumaa Ke".] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110111073341/http://icc-cricket.yahoo.net/newsdetails.php?newsId=12727_1294329300 |date=11 January 2011 }} ICC. Retrieved 9 January 2011.</ref>

==Reception==
There was a lot of buzz about the song before it was released. Within two days of its release, it received nearly 7,000 hits on YouTube.<ref>[http://www.indiamag.in/icc-world-cup-2011-song-%E2%80%98de-ghuma-ke%E2%80%99-getting-amazing-responses.html ICC World Cup 2011 Song ‘De Ghuma Ke’ Getting Amazing Responses] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110107095128/http://www.indiamag.in/icc-world-cup-2011-song-%E2%80%98de-ghuma-ke%E2%80%99-getting-amazing-responses.html |date=7 January 2011 }} Retrieved on 10 January 2010.</ref> In the next 30 days, over 0.5 million people listened to the song on YouTube.<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/results?search_type=videos&search_query=icc+world+cup+2011+official+song&search_sort=video_view_count&suggested_categories=24%2C10%2C17&uni=3 YouTube - icc world cup 2011 official song]</ref>

The song became quite popular among youths and cricket enthusiasts within days of its release.<ref>[http://movies.ndtv.com/movie_story.aspx?ID=ENTEN20110165390&keyword=music&subcatg=MUSICINDIA In De Ghuma Ke, Shankar-Ehsaan-Loy score a hit with World Cup song] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110714162747/http://movies.ndtv.com/movie_story.aspx?ID=ENTEN20110165390&keyword=music&subcatg=MUSICINDIA |date=14 July 2011 }} NDTV Movies. Retrieved 10 January 2010.</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{2011 Cricket World Cup}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Cricket music]]
[[Category:Sports events official songs and anthems]]
[[Category:2010 songs]]
[[Category:Songs with music by Shankar–Ehsaan–Loy]]
[[Category:2011 Cricket World Cup]]
[[Category:Songs in Hindi]]
[[Category:Songs in Bengali]]
[[Category:Songs in Sinhala]]

Kabi Tingda Assembly constituency

2026-04-19T20:23:00Z

Felipa7295: New

{{Short description|Constituency of the Sikkim legislative assembly in India}}

{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Kabi Tingda
| type= SLA
| state = Sikkim
| established = 1979
| abolished = 2008<ref>{{cite web |url=https://lddashboard.legislative.gov.in/sites/default/files/03_representation%20of%20the%20people%20act%2C%201950.pdf|access-date=19 February 2024|archive-date=19 February 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240219182705/https://lddashboard.legislative.gov.in/sites/default/files/03_representation%20of%20the%20people%20act%2C%201950.pdf|format=pdf|title=THE REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1950}}</ref>
| electors = 6,163
| mla = Thenlay Tshering Bhutia
| party = {{Party index link|Sikkim Democratic Front}}
| constituency_no =
| latest_election_year = [[2004 Sikkim Legislative Assembly election|2004]]
| district =
| loksabha_cons =
| reservation =
}}
'''Kabi Tingda Assembly constituency''' was an assembly constituency in the [[India|Indian]] [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Sikkim]].
== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Election
! Member
! colspan=2|Party
|-
|-
| [[1979 Sikkim Legislative Assembly election|1979]] || Sonam Tshering || {{Full party name with color|Sikkim Janata Parishad}}
|-
| [[1985 Sikkim Legislative Assembly election|1985]] || Kalzang Gyatso || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1989 Sikkim Legislative Assembly election|1989]] || Hangu Tshering Bhutia || {{Full party name with color|Sikkim Sangram Parishad}}
|-
| [[1994 Sikkim Legislative Assembly election|1994]] || rowspan=3 | [[Thenlay Tshering Bhutia]] || {{Full party name with color|Sikkim Democratic Front|rowspan=3}}
|-
| [[1999 Sikkim Legislative Assembly election|1999]]
|-
| [[2004 Sikkim Legislative Assembly election|2004]]
|}

== Election results ==
=== Assembly election 2004 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2004 Sikkim Legislative Assembly election]]: Kabi Tingda<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2004 to the Legislative Assembly of Sikkim |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2004/StatisticalReports_SK_2004.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006151710/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2004/StatisticalReports_SK_2004.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010|access-date=15 February 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate unopposed with party link| |candidate=[[Thenlay Tshering Bhutia]] |party=Sikkim Democratic Front |votes=Uncontested |percentage= |change=}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 6,163 |ref = |change= {{increase}}10.91 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Sikkim Democratic Front |loser=Sikkim Democratic Front |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly election 1999 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1999 Sikkim Legislative Assembly election]]: Kabi Tingda<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1999 to the Legislative Assembly of Sikkim |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1999/StatisticalReport-SK99.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101007144437/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1999/StatisticalReport-SK99.pdf |archive-date=7 October 2010|access-date=15 February 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Thenlay Tshering Bhutia]] |party=Sikkim Democratic Front |votes=2,028 |percentage=43.07% |change={{increase}}4.02 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=T. Lachungpa |party=Indian National Congress |votes=1,418 |percentage=30.11% |change={{decrease}}7.55 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Palden Bhutia |party=Sikkim Sangram Parishad |votes=1,263 |percentage=26.82% |change={{increase}}3.98 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=610 |percentage=12.95% |change= {{increase}}11.57 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=4,709 |percentage=86.27% |change= {{increase}}10.07 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 5,557 |ref = |change= {{increase}}4.26 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Sikkim Democratic Front |loser=Sikkim Democratic Front |swing= {{increase}}4.02 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly election 1994 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1994 Sikkim Legislative Assembly election]]: Kabi Tingda<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1994 to the Legislative Assembly of Sikkim |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1994/StatisticalReport-SK94.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101007184813/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1994/StatisticalReport-SK94.pdf|archive-date=7 October 2010|access-date=15 February 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Thenlay Tshering Bhutia]] |party=Sikkim Democratic Front |votes=1,554 |percentage=39.05% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=T. Lachungpa |party=Indian National Congress |votes=1,499 |percentage=37.66% |change={{decrease}}1.41 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Pema Sherap Lepcha |party=Sikkim Sangram Parishad |votes=909 |percentage=22.84% |change={{decrease}}32.82 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=55 |percentage=1.38% |change= {{decrease}}15.20 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=3,980 |percentage=81.43% |change= {{decrease}}1.86 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 5,330 |ref = |change= }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Sikkim Democratic Front |loser=Sikkim Sangram Parishad |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly election 1989 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1989 Sikkim Legislative Assembly election]]: Kabi Tingda<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1989 to the Legislative Assembly of Sikkim |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1989/StatREp_SK_89.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006145759/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1989/StatREp_SK_89.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010|access-date=15 February 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Hangu Tshering Bhutia |party=Sikkim Sangram Parishad |votes=1,806 |percentage=55.65% |change={{increase}}21.94 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Kalzang Gyatso |party=Indian National Congress |votes=1,268 |percentage=39.08% |change={{decrease}}9.62 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sonam Dorjee |party=Rising Sun Party |votes=37 |percentage=1.14% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=538 |percentage=16.58% |change= {{increase}}1.60 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=3,245 |percentage=73.37% |change= {{increase}}14.43 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 4,240 |ref = |change= }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Sikkim Sangram Parishad |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}
=== Assembly election 1985 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1985 Sikkim Legislative Assembly election]]: Kabi Tingda<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1985 to the Legislative Assembly of Sikkim |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/StatisticalReport%201985%20Sikkim.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006223633/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/StatisticalReport%201985%20Sikkim.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010|access-date=15 February 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Kalzang Gyatso |party=Indian National Congress |votes=1,102 |percentage=48.70% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Geyching Bhutia |party=Sikkim Sangram Parishad |votes=763 |percentage=33.72% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Azing Lepcha |party=Independent politician |votes=324 |percentage=14.32% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Karma Chultim Bhutia |party=Independent politician |votes=46 |percentage=2.03% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Karma Pintsu Bhutia |party=Independent politician |votes=13 |percentage=0.57% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=339 |percentage=14.98% |change= {{increase}}6.72 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=2,263 |percentage=66.08% |change= {{increase}}3.29 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 3,644 |ref = |change= {{increase}}27.41 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Sikkim Janata Parishad |swing= {{decrease}}1.96 }}
{{Election box end}}
=== Assembly election 1979 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1979 Sikkim Legislative Assembly election]]: Kabi Tingda<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1979 to the Legislative Assembly of Sikkim |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1979/Statistical%20Report%201979%20Sikkim.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006104054/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1979/Statistical%20Report%201979%20Sikkim.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010|access-date=15 February 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Sonam Tshering |party=Sikkim Janata Parishad |votes=852 |percentage=50.65% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Kalzang Gyatso |party=Janata Party |votes=713 |percentage=42.39% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Nima Kazi |party=Independent politician |votes=51 |percentage=3.03% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Dawa Thendup Lepcha |party=Sikkim Prajatantra Congress |votes=45 |percentage=2.68% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sonam Dorjee |party=Independent politician |votes=21 |percentage=1.25% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=139 |percentage=8.26% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=1,682 |percentage=60.91% |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 2,860 |ref = |change= }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner=Sikkim Janata Parishad |loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Assembly constituencies of Sikkim}}

{{coord missing|Sikkim}}

[[Category:Former assembly constituencies of Sikkim]]
[[Category:Politics of Sikkim]]
[[Category:1979 establishments in Sikkim]]
[[Category:Constituencies disestablished in 2008]]
[[Category:2008 disestablishments in India]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1979]]

{{Sikkim-geo-stub}}

Masi Sadaiyan

2026-04-19T16:35:04Z

Felipa7295: Created a redirect

{{Short description|Indian snake expert}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2025}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Masi Sadaiyan
| image = Masi_Sadaiyan_(cropped).jpg
| caption =
| occupation = Snake catcher
| known_for = Traditional snake catching for antivenom production
| partner =
| awards = [[Padma Shri]] (2023)
}}
'''Masi Sadaiyan''' is an Indian [[Snake handler|snake catcher]] from the [[Irula tribe]] of [[Tamil Nadu]].<ref name="PIB2023">{{Cite web |title=Padma Awards 2023 announced |url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1893797 |access-date=2025-06-15 |website=pib.gov.in}}</ref> He is an expert in the traditional methods of tracking and capturing venomous snakes, useful for production of snakebite [[antivenom]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Irula Tribe Members Awarded The Padma Shri |url=https://www.sanctuarynaturefoundation.org/article/irula-tribe-members-awarded-the-padma-shri |access-date=2025-06-15 |website=www.sanctuarynaturefoundation.org |language=en}}</ref> In 2023, he and his colleague [[Vadivel Gopal]] were jointly awarded the [[Padma Shri]], India's fourth-highest civilian award, in recognition of their contributions to social work and affordable healthcare.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Srimathi |first=Geetha |date=2023-02-02 |title=Bravehearts Vadivel and Sadaiyan shine a light for Irula cooperative |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/bravehearts-vadivel-and-sadaiyan-shine-a-light-for-irula-cooperative/article66464742.ece |access-date=2025-06-15 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN}}</ref>

Sadaiyan is a member of the [[Irula Snake Catchers' Industrial Cooperative Society]], which is the largest producer of snake venom in India.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Vadivel Gopal and Masi Sadaiyan From the Irula Tribe Won the Padma Shri. Only Calling Them 'Snake Catchers' Reinforces Caste Stereotypes. |url=https://www.theswaddle.com/vadivel-gopal-and-masi-sadaiyan-from-the-irula-tribe-won-the-padma-shri-only-calling-them-snake-catchers-reinforces-caste-stereotypes |access-date=2025-06-15 |website=www.theswaddle.com |language=en}}</ref> His method relies on traditional knowledge and understanding of snake behavior, inherited through generations of the Irula community, allows him to work without modern equipment.<ref name="IndiaToday2023">{{Cite web |date=2023-02-01 |title='It is our God': Snake catchers from Tamil Nadu who won Padma award |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/it-is-our-god-snake-catchers-from-tamil-nadu-who-won-padma-award-2329296-2023-02-01 |access-date=2025-06-15 |work=India Today}}</ref>

In 2017, Sadaiyan traveled to [[Florida]] to assist state wildlife agencies by training them to track and capture invasive [[Burmese pythons]] in the [[Everglades]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2017-02-06 |title=The Indian tribesmen catching giant snakes in Florida |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-38794352 |access-date=2025-06-15 |work=BBC News |language=en}}</ref>

== See also ==

* [[Vadivel Gopal]]
* [[Romulus Whitaker]]
* [[Irula people]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Padma Shri Award Recipients in Social Work}}
{{authority control}}

[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian conservationists]]
[[Category:People from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in social work]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Place of birth missing (living people)]]

Kittur Assembly constituency

2026-04-15T23:47:22Z

Felipa7295: Details

{{Short description|Legislative Assembly constituency in Karnataka State, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2021}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Kittur
| type= SLA
| constituency_no = 15
| map_image = 15-Kittur constituency.svg
| state = [[Karnataka]]
| district = [[Belgaum district|Belgaum]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Uttara Kannada (Lok Sabha constituency)|Uttara Kannada]]
| established = 1967
| reservation = None
| electors = {{formatnum:195886}}<ref name=election2023>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/15163-karnataka-2023/ |title=Karnataka Legislative Assembly Election - 2023 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |website=eci.gov.in |access-date=24 July 2023 |url-access=limited}}</ref>{{update after|2028|7}}
| mla = [[Babasaheb Patil]]
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]
| latest_election_year = [[2023 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
| preceded_by = [[Mahantesh Doddagoudar]]
}}

'''Kittur Assembly constituency''' is one of the 224 [[Karnataka Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]] constituencies of [[Karnataka]] in [[India]].<ref name=electors2019>{{cite web |url=https://www.ceokarnataka.kar.nic.in/PCELE2019/GE2019_VOTERS_COUNT.pdf |title=Karnataka Loksabha Elections - 2019 - Voters Count |website=ceokarnataka.kar.nic.in |access-date= 10 February 2021}}</ref> It is part of [[Belgaum district]].

==Members of the Legislative Assembly==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Election
! Member
! colspan=2|Party
|-
| bgcolor="#FFF58A" | [[1967 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election|1967]] || S. B. Mallappa || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| bgcolor="#FFF58A" | [[1972 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election|1972]] || [[D. B. Inamdar]] || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress (Organisation)}}
|-
| [[1978 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1978]] || Arawalli Patil Parvatgouda Basangouda || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party|rowspan=3}}
|-
| [[1983 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1983]] || rowspan="2" | [[D. B. Inamdar]]
|-
| [[1985 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1985]]
|-
| [[1989 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1989]] || [[Babagouda Patil]] || {{Full party name with color|Kranti Sabha}}
|-
| [[1994 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1994]] || rowspan="2" | [[D. B. Inamdar]] || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[1999 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1999]]
|-
| [[2004 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|2004]] || rowspan="2" | Suresh Shivarudrappa Marihal || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[2008 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|2008]]
|-
| [[2013 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|2013]] || [[D. B. Inamdar]] || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[2018 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|2018]] || [[Mahantesh Doddagoudar]] || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| [[2023 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|2023]] || [[Babasaheb Patil]] || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|}

==Election results==
=== Assembly Election 2023 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[2023 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Kittur <ref name=election2023/><ref name="Karnataka Assembly Elections 2023: Kittur">{{cite news |last1=Election Commission of India |title=Karnataka Assembly Elections 2023: Kittur |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenMay2023/ConstituencywiseS1015.htm?ac=15 |access-date=19 November 2024 |date=2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230607120403/https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenMay2023/ConstituencywiseS1015.htm?ac=15 |archive-date= 7 June 2023}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Babasaheb Patil]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 77,536 |percentage = 49.49% |change = {{increase}}22.36 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = [[Mahantesh Doddagoudar]] |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 74,543 |percentage = 47.58% |change = {{decrease}}1.68 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = None of the above |party = None of the above |votes = 802 |percentage = 0.51% |change = {{decrease}}0.47 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 2,993 |percentage = 1.91% |change = {{decrease}}20.22 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 156,824 |percentage = 80.06% |change = {{increase}}1.38 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 156,660}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 195,886 |ref = |change = {{increase}}3.69 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Bharatiya Janata Party |swing = {{increase}}0.23 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 2018 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[2018 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Kittur <ref name=election2018>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/6933-karnataka-2018/ |title=Karnataka Legislative Assembly Election - 2018 |website=Election Commission of India |access-date= 4 February 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Mahantesh Doddagoudar]] |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 73,155 |percentage = 49.26% |change = {{increase}}20.97 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = [[D. B. Inamdar]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 40,293 |percentage = 27.13% |change = {{decrease}}15.68 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = [[Babasaheb Patil]] |party = Independent politician |votes = 25,366 |percentage = 17.08% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Suresh Shivarudrappa Marihal |party = Janata Dal (Secular) |votes = 3,755 |percentage = 2.53% |change = {{decrease}}13.87 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = None of the above |party = None of the above |votes = 1,456 |percentage = 0.98% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Raghavendra Vilas Naik |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,137 |percentage = 0.77% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 32,862 |percentage = 22.13% |change = {{increase}}7.61 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 148,637 |percentage = 78.68% |change = {{increase}}3.07 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 148,512}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 188,915 |ref = |change = {{increase}}13.33 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party |loser = Indian National Congress |swing = {{increase}}6.45 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 2013 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[2013 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Kittur <ref>{{cite web |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2013 : To the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2013/StatReports2013.pdf |website=eci.nic.in |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=2014-04-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131220034253/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2013/StatReports2013.pdf |archive-date=2013-12-20 |url-status=dead}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[D. B. Inamdar]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 53,924 |percentage = 42.81% |change = {{increase}}3.23 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Suresh Shivarudrappa Marihal |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 35,634 |percentage = 28.29% |change = {{decrease}}15.19 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Anand Balakrishna Appugol |party = Janata Dal (Secular) |votes = 20,657 |percentage = 16.40% |change = {{increase}}8.11 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Babugouda Chintamanigouda Patil |party = Karnataka Janata Paksha |votes = 6,850 |percentage = 5.44% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Mahesh Ningappa Hudali |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,735 |percentage = 1.38% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Badiger Chandrashekar Madiwalappa |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,274 |percentage = 1.01% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Yamanappa Gangappa Talawar |party = Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 1,142 |percentage = 0.91% |change = {{decrease}}0.32 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Basavaraj Rudrappa Mokhashi |party = Sarvodaya Karnataka Paksha |votes = 1,089 |percentage = 0.86% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Annappa Marathe |party = Independent politician |votes = 932 |percentage = 0.74% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 18,290 |percentage = 14.52% |change = {{increase}}10.61 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 126,034 |percentage = 75.61% |change = {{increase}}1.01 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 125,970}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 166,697 |ref = |change = {{increase}}11.28 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Bharatiya Janata Party |swing = {{decrease}}0.67 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 2008 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[2008 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Kittur <ref>{{cite web |title=General Election Karnataka Legislative Assembly 2008 Election Statistics |url=https://www.ceokarnataka.kar.nic.in/PDFS/Previous%20Elections/Election%20Statistics%202008%20Final.pdf |publisher=Government of Karnataka |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210201232433/https://www.ceokarnataka.kar.nic.in/PDFS/Previous%20Elections/Election%20Statistics%202008%20Final.pdf |archive-date=1 February 2021 |url-status=dead}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Suresh Shivarudrappa Marihal |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 48,581 |percentage = 43.48% |change = {{decrease}}3.56 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = [[D. B. Inamdar]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 44,216 |percentage = 39.58% |change = {{increase}}6.39 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Veeranagouda Vasanagouda Patil |party = Janata Dal (Secular) |votes = 9,266 |percentage = 8.29% |change = {{decrease}}0.78 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Dodagoudar Sanagoud Fakeeragoud |party = Independent politician |votes = 4,246 |percentage = 3.80% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Hotakar Mahantesh Krishna |party = Independent politician |votes = 2,167 |percentage = 1.94% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Prakash Rama Nayak |party = Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 1,377 |percentage = 1.23% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Ashok Gurusdiiddappa Halaki |party = Samajwadi Party |votes = 969 |percentage = 0.87% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Yallappa Balappa Satyanaik |party = Lok Jan Shakti Party |votes = 903 |percentage = 0.81% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 4,365 |percentage = 3.91% |change = {{decrease}}9.93 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 111,755 |percentage = 74.60% |change = {{increase}}2.25 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 111,725}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 149,797 |ref = |change = {{increase}}2.01 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party |swing = {{decrease}}3.56 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 2004 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[2004 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Kittur <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2004 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2004/StatisticalReports_KT_2004.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006204912/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2004/StatisticalReports_KT_2004.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Suresh Shivarudrappa Marihal |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 49,970 |percentage = 47.04% |change = {{increase}}4.83 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = [[D. B. Inamdar]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 35,265 |percentage = 33.19% |change = {{decrease}}21.01 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Veeranagouda Vasanagouda Patil |party = Janata Dal (Secular) |votes = 9,633 |percentage = 9.07% |change = {{increase}}6.30 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Sidnal Shivakant Shanmukhappa |party = Kannada Nadu Party |votes = 8,218 |percentage = 7.74% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Shylaja Suresh Sakrennavar |party = Janata Party |votes = 1,721 |percentage = 1.62% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Abdul Mansoor Murtuja Syed |party = Urs Samyuktha Paksha |votes = 1,432 |percentage = 1.35% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 14,705 |percentage = 13.84% |change = {{increase}}1.86 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 106,243 |percentage = 72.35% |change = {{decrease}}2.57 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 106,239}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 146,848 |ref = |change = {{increase}}8.65 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party |loser = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}7.16 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1999 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1999 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Kittur <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1999 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1999/StatisticalReport-KT99.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006053217/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1999/StatisticalReport-KT99.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[D. B. Inamdar]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 53,051 |percentage = 54.20% |change = {{increase}}15.59 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Viraktayya Shivabasayya Salimath |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 41,321 |percentage = 42.21% |change = {{increase}}32.96 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Balappa Malappa Budihal |party = Janata Dal (Secular) |votes = 2,715 |percentage = 2.77% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Mirjannavar Asfak Ahmed Akabarsaheb |party = Independent politician |votes = 611 |percentage = 0.62% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 11,730 |percentage = 11.98% |change = {{increase}}3.66 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 101,256 |percentage = 74.92% |change = {{decrease}}2.13 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 97,889}}
{{Election box rejected |votes = 3,331 |percentage = 3.29% |change = {{increase}}0.90 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 135,152 |ref = |change = {{increase}}10.24 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = {{increase}}15.59 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1994 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1994 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Kittur <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1994 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1994/StatisticalReport-KT94.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006211324/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1994/StatisticalReport-KT94.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[D. B. Inamdar]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 35,600 |percentage = 38.61% |change = {{increase}}16.97 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = [[Babagouda Patil]] |party = Karnataka Rajya Raitha Sangha |votes = 27,924 |percentage = 30.28% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Dodagouda Shivanagouda Patil |party = Janata Dal |votes = 13,100 |percentage = 14.21% |change = {{decrease}}14.74 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Babusaheb Balasaheb Desai |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 8,533 |percentage = 9.25% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Killedar Shivaputrappa Maharudrappa |party = Karnataka Pradesh Congress Committee |votes = 5,561 |percentage = 6.03% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Hunashikatti Najeerahmed Ameersab |party = Independent politician |votes = 804 |percentage = 0.87% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Pattar Chandrashekhar Shedeppa |party = Independent politician |votes = 690 |percentage = 0.75% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 7,676 |percentage = 8.32% |change = {{decrease}}9.02 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 94,467 |percentage = 77.05% |change = {{decrease}}1.11 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 92,212}}
{{Election box rejected |votes = 2,255 |percentage = 2.39% |change = {{decrease}}1.34 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 122,597 |ref = |change = {{increase}}6.57 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Kranti Sabha |swing = {{decrease}}7.68 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1989 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1989 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Kittur <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1989 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1989/Statistical%20Report%20karnataka%201989.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101007070737/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1989/Statistical%20Report%20karnataka%201989.pdf|archive-date=7 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Babagouda Patil]] |party = Kranti Sabha |votes = 40,071 |percentage = 46.29% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = [[D. B. Inamdar]] |party = Janata Dal |votes = 25,058 |percentage = 28.95% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Sarojadevi Basavraj Marihal |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 18,733 |percentage = 21.64% |change = {{decrease}}24.07 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Bhadrannavar Chanabasappa Neelakanthappa |party = Janata Party |votes = 1,319 |percentage = 1.52% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 15,013 |percentage = 17.34% |change = {{increase}}11.79 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 89,922 |percentage = 78.16% |change = {{decrease}}1.52 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 86,568}}
{{Election box rejected |votes = 3,354 |percentage = 3.73% |change = {{increase}}1.57 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 115,042 |ref = |change = {{increase}}31.66 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Kranti Sabha |loser = Janata Party |swing = {{decrease}}4.97 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1985 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1985 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Kittur <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1985 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/Statistical%20Report%20Karnataka%201985.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006143216/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/Statistical%20Report%20Karnataka%201985.pdf |archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[D. B. Inamdar]] |party = Janata Party |votes = 34,921 |percentage = 51.26% |change = {{decrease}}4.80 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Doddadouder Basavantaray Basalingappa |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 31,138 |percentage = 45.71% |change = {{increase}}5.68 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Edalli Parappa Rudrappa |party = Independent politician |votes = 499 |percentage = 0.73% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Huddar Yallappa Fakirappa |party = Independent politician |votes = 483 |percentage = 0.71% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Nagangouda Chanagouda Rudragouda |party = Independent politician |votes = 423 |percentage = 0.62% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 3,783 |percentage = 5.55% |change = {{decrease}}10.48 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 69,628 |percentage = 79.68% |change = {{increase}}2.57 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 68,122}}
{{Election box rejected |votes = 1,506 |percentage = 2.16% |change = {{decrease}}0.56 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 87,380 |ref = |change = {{increase}}5.39 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Janata Party |swing = {{decrease}}4.80 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1983 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1983 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Kittur <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1983 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1983/Statistical%20Report%201983%20karnatkaa.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101007124742/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1983/Statistical%20Report%201983%20karnatkaa.pdf |archive-date=7 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[D. B. Inamdar]] |party = Janata Party |votes = 34,866 |percentage = 56.06% |change = {{increase}}5.06 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Naghnoor Mugatsaheb Nabisahab |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 24,894 |percentage = 40.03% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Gadag Yallappa Fakirappa |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,434 |percentage = 2.31% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Tavagamath Madadewayya Basavanneyya |party = Independent politician |votes = 997 |percentage = 1.60% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 9,972 |percentage = 16.03% |change = {{increase}}14.02 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 63,927 |percentage = 77.11% |change = {{increase}}3.32 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 62,191}}
{{Election box rejected |votes = 1,736 |percentage = 2.72% |change = {{decrease}}0.36 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 82,908 |ref = |change = {{increase}}5.83 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Janata Party |swing = {{increase}}5.06 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1978 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1978 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Kittur <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1978 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/Statistical%20Report%20Karnataka%201978.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101007164123/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/Statistical%20Report%20Karnataka%201978.pdf |archive-date=7 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Arawalli Patil Parvatgouda Basangouda |party = Janata Party |votes = 28,575 |percentage = 51.00% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Tonni Shivaputrappa Gurupadappa |party = Indian National Congress (I) |votes = 27,449 |percentage = 49.00% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 1,126 |percentage = 2.01% |change = {{decrease}}7.35 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 57,804 |percentage = 73.79% |change = {{decrease}}5.08 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 56,024}}
{{Election box rejected |votes = 1,780 |percentage = 3.08% |change = {{increase}}3.08 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 78,339 |ref = |change = {{increase}}20.06 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Janata Party |loser = Indian National Congress (Organisation) |swing = {{decrease}}3.68 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1972 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1972 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election]] : Kittur <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1972 to the Legislative Assembly of Mysore |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatisRep_Mysore_72.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006074555/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatisRep_Mysore_72.pdf |archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[D. B. Inamdar]] |party = Indian National Congress (Organisation) |votes = 27,299 |percentage = 54.68% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = S. S. Basappa |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 22,625 |percentage = 45.32% |change = {{decrease}}41.61 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 4,674 |percentage = 9.36% |change = {{decrease}}65.46 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 51,464 |percentage = 78.87% |change = {{increase}}16.09 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 49,924}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 65,248 |ref = |change = {{increase}}9.81 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Indian National Congress (Organisation) |loser = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}32.25 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1967 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1967 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election]] : Kittur <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1967 to the Legislative Assembly of Mysore |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Mysore%201967.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006083645/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Mysore%201967.pdf |archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = S. B. Mallappa |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 31,281 |percentage = 86.93% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Y. B. Shantalingappa |party = Independent politician |votes = 4,357 |percentage = 12.11% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = P. S. Veerangouda |party = Independent politician |votes = 346 |percentage = 0.96% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 26,924 |percentage = 74.82% |change = }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 37,304 |percentage = 62.78% |change = }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 35,984}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 59,421 |ref = |change = }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = }}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[List of constituencies of the Karnataka Legislative Assembly]]
* [[Belgaum district]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Karnataka}}

{{coord|15.6|74.79|display=title}}

[[Category:Belagavi district]]
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Karnataka]]
[[Category:Politics of Karnataka]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1967]]
[[Category:1967 establishments in Mysore State]]

Hamirpur, Himachal Pradesh Assembly constituency

2026-04-15T23:40:33Z

Felipa7295: Stub!

{{short description|Constituency of the Himachal Pradesh legislative assembly in India}}
{{For|the Lok Sabha constituency|Hamirpur, Himachal Pradesh Lok Sabha constituency}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2017}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Hamirpur
| type= SLA
| constituency_no = 38
| map_image = 38-Hamirpur, Himachal Pradesh constituency.svg
| state = [[Himachal Pradesh]]
| district = [[Hamirpur district, Himachal Pradesh|Hamirpur]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Hamirpur, Himachal Pradesh Lok Sabha constituency|Hamirpur]]
| established = 1967
| reservation = None
| mla = [[Ashish Sharma (politician)|Ashish Sharma]]
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| latest_election_year = [[2024 elections in India#Himachal_Pradesh|2024]]
| electors = {{formatnum:76646}}<ref name=election2022>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/14751-himachal-pradesh-general-legislative-election-2022/ |title=Himachal Pradesh General Legislative Election 2012 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=22 April 2023}}</ref>{{update after|2028|1}}
}}
'''Hamirpur''' is one of the 68 assembly constituencies of [[Himachal Pradesh]] a northern state of [[India]]. Hamirpur assembly constituency, is located in the [[Hamirpur district, Himachal Pradesh|Hamirpur district]] and also a part of the [[Hamirpur, Himachal Pradesh Lok Sabha constituency|Hamirpur Himachal Lok Sabha Constituency.]]

==Members of Legislative Assembly==

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Year
!Member
!Picture
!colspan="2"|Party
|-

|[[1967 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
| K. Ram
|
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Jana Sangh}}
|-
|[[1972 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1972]]
| Ramesh Chand Verma
|
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[1977 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1977]]
|rowspan=5| [[Jagdev Chand]]
|rowspan=5|
|{{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}
|-
|[[1982 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1982]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=4}}
|-
|[[1985 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1985]]
|-
|[[1990 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1990]]
|-
|[[1993 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1993]]
|-
|1995 (by-election)
| Anita Verma
|
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[1998 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1998]]
| [[Urmil Thakur]]
|[[File:Urmil Thakur (उर्मिल ठाकुर).PNG|50px]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|[[2003 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2003]]
| Anita Verma
|
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[2007 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2007]]
| [[Urmil Thakur]]
|[[File:Urmil Thakur (उर्मिल ठाकुर).PNG|50px]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=3}}
|-
|[[2012 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2012]]
| [[Prem Kumar Dhumal]]
|-
|[[2017 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2017]]
| [[Narinder Thakur]]<ref name=election2017/> ||
|-
|[[2022 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2022]]
|rowspan=2|[[Ashish Sharma (politician)|Ashish Sharma]]
|rowspan=2|
|{{Full party name with color|Independent (politician)}}
|-
|[[2024 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly bye-elections|2024^]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|}

== Election results ==
=== 2024 by-election ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2024 elections in India#Himachal_Pradesh|Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly by-election 2024]]: Hamirpur}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Ashish Sharma (politician)|Ashish Sharma]]
|votes = 27,041
|percentage = 51.23
|change = {{increase}}27.98
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Dr. Pushpinder Verma
|votes = 25,470
|percentage = 48.25
|change = {{increase}}24.6
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = None of the Above
|party = None of the above
|votes = 198
|percentage = 0.37
|change = {{decrease}}0.07
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent
|candidate = Nand Lal Sharma
|votes = 74
|percentage = 0.14
|change = ''New''
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 1,571
|percentage = 2.98
|change = {{decrease}}20.46
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 52,783
|percentage = 67.72
|change = {{decrease}}4.09
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser = Independent
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 2022 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2022 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Hamirpur}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Ashish Sharma (politician)|Ashish Sharma]] |party=Independent politician |votes=25,916 |percentage=47.09% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Dr. Pushpinder Verma |party=Indian National Congress |votes=13,017 |percentage=23.65% |change={{decrease}}14.32 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Narinder Thakur]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=12,794 |percentage=23.25% |change={{decrease}}29.47 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Naresh Kumar Darji |party=Independent politician |votes=1,217 |percentage=2.21% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Dr. Kashmir Singh Thakur |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes=627 |percentage=1.14% |change={{decrease}}3.75 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ashish Kumar |party=Independent politician |votes=557 |percentage=1.01% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sushil Kumar Surroch |party=Aam Aadmi Party |votes=298 |percentage=0.54% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Nota |party=None of the above |votes=246 |percentage=0.45% |change={{decrease}}0.08 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Abhinay Bhardwaj |party=Rashtriya Devbhumi Party |votes=231 |percentage=0.42% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Praveen Kumar Kaushal]] |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=136 |percentage=0.25% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=12,899 |percentage=23.44% |change= {{increase}}8.69 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=55,039 |percentage=71.81% |change= {{increase}}1.18 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 76,646 |ref = |change= {{increase}}10.37 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Independent politician |loser=Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= {{decrease}}5.63 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 2017 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2017 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Hamirpur<ref name=election2017>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3815-himachal-pradesh-general-legislative-election-2017/ |title=Himachal Pradesh General Legislative Election 2017 |author=Election Commission of India |access-date=8 July 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Narinder Thakur]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=25,854 |percentage=52.71% |change={{decrease}}4.72 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Kuldeep Singh Pathania |party=Indian National Congress |votes=18,623 |percentage=37.97% |change={{increase}}1.43 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Anil Mankotia |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes=2,398 |percentage=4.89% |change={{increase}}1.82 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Kamal Pathania |party=Independent politician |votes=509 |percentage=1.04% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes=259 |percentage=0.53% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=7,231 |percentage=14.74% |change= {{decrease}}6.15 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=49,047 |percentage=70.63% |change= {{increase}}3.21 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 69,444 |ref = |change= {{increase}}5.18 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser=Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= {{decrease}}4.72 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 2012 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2012 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Hamirpur}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate= Prem Kumar Dhumal |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=25,567 |percentage=57.43% |change={{increase}}1.98 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Narinder Thakur]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=16,265 |percentage=36.54% |change={{decrease}}4.28 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Anil Mankotia |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes=1,368 |percentage=3.07% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Avneesh Sharma |party=Himachal Swabhiman Party |votes=458 |percentage=1.03% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Vipat Raj |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=274 |percentage=0.62% |change={{decrease}}0.85 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=9,302 |percentage=20.90% |change= {{increase}}6.26 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=44,515 |percentage=67.42% |change= {{increase}}2.20 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 66,025 |ref = |change= {{decrease}}9.48 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser=Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= {{increase}}1.98 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 2007 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2007 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Hamirpur}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Urmil Thakur]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=26,378 |percentage=55.45% |change={{increase}}25.52 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Anita Verma |party=Indian National Congress |votes=19,417 |percentage=40.82% |change={{decrease}}3.91 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Parveen Thakur |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=699 |percentage=1.47% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Squadron Leader Brij Lal Dhiman |party=Independent politician |votes=523 |percentage=1.10% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Vipat Raj |party=Communist Party of India |votes=273 |percentage=0.57% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Hardyal Singh Phul |party=Lok Jan Shakti Party |votes=259 |percentage=0.54% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=6,961 |percentage=14.63% |change= {{decrease}}0.16 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=47,570 |percentage=65.22% |change= {{decrease}}5.37 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 72,940 |ref = |change= {{increase}}10.98 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{increase}}10.72 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 2003 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2003 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Hamirpur<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1998 to the Legislative Assembly of Himachal Pradesh |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1998/StatisticalReport-HP98.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120111191922/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1998/StatisticalReport-HP98.pdf|archive-date=11 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Anita Verma |party=Indian National Congress |votes=20,749 |percentage=44.73% |change={{increase}}1.61 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Urmil Thakur]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=13,884 |percentage=29.93% |change={{decrease}}24.21 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Narinder Thakur]] |party=Independent politician |votes=10,290 |percentage=22.18% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Naresh Kumar Darji |party=Independent politician |votes=985 |percentage=2.12% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sita Ram |party=Himachal Vikas Congress |votes=483 |percentage=1.04% |change={{decrease}}0.21 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=6,865 |percentage=14.80% |change= {{increase}}3.77 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=46,391 |percentage=70.60% |change= {{increase}}1.92 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 65,723 |ref = |change= {{increase}}18.74 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= {{decrease}}9.41 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1998 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1998 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Hamirpur<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1998 to the Legislative Assembly of Himachal Pradesh |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1998/StatisticalReport-HP98.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120111191922/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1998/StatisticalReport-HP98.pdf|archive-date=11 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Urmil Thakur]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=20,577 |percentage=54.14% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Anita Verma |party=Indian National Congress |votes=16,387 |percentage=43.11% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Deepak Sharma |party=Himachal Vikas Congress |votes=474 |percentage=1.25% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Prem Chand Azad |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=414 |percentage=1.09% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=4,190 |percentage=11.02% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=38,010 |percentage=69.33% |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 55,352 |ref = |change= }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly By-election 1994 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1994 elections in India#Himachal Pradesh|1994 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly by-election]] : Hamirpur}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Anita Verma |party=Indian National Congress |votes=17,955 |percentage= |change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Narinder Thakur]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=17,262 |percentage= |change=}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=693 |percentage= |change= }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 1993 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1993 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Hamirpur<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1993 to the Legislative Assembly of Himachal Pradesh |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1993/Statistical%20Report%201993%20Himachal%20Pradesh.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120111133700/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1993/Statistical%20Report%201993%20Himachal%20Pradesh.pdf|archive-date=11 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Jagdev Chand]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=17,559 |percentage=50.04% |change={{decrease}}10.77 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Anita Verma |party=Indian National Congress |votes=16,413 |percentage=46.77% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Kashmir Singh |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes=696 |percentage=1.98% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,146 |percentage=3.27% |change= {{decrease}}25.86 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=35,093 |percentage=70.81% |change= {{increase}}6.54 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 49,919 |ref = |change= {{increase}}4.31 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser=Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1990 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1990 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Hamirpur<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1990 to the Legislative Assembly of Himachal Pradesh |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1990/Statisticall%20Report%20Himachal%20Pradesh%201990.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114181905/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1990/Statisticall%20Report%20Himachal%20Pradesh%201990.pdf|archive-date=14 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Jagdev Chand]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=18,554 |percentage=60.81% |change={{increase}}8.10 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Anita Verma |party=Independent politician |votes=9,667 |percentage=31.68% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Kashmir Singh Thakur |party=Independent politician |votes=1,756 |percentage=5.75% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Vaid Kashmir Singh Parmar |party=Independent politician |votes=282 |percentage=0.92% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Lachho Ram |party=Independent politician |votes=217 |percentage=0.71% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=8,887 |percentage=29.13% |change= {{increase}}23.06 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=30,513 |percentage=64.46% |change= {{decrease}}4.67 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 47,856 |ref = |change= {{increase}}35.34 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser=Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= {{increase}}8.10 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1985 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1985 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Hamirpur<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1985 to the Legislative Assembly of Himachal Pradesh |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/StatisticalReport%201985%20Himachal%20Pradesh.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114090530/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/StatisticalReport%201985%20Himachal%20Pradesh.pdf|archive-date=14 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Jagdev Chand]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=12,753 |percentage=52.70% |change={{decrease}}10.55 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Bidhi Chand |party=Indian National Congress |votes=11,286 |percentage=46.64% |change={{increase}}12.30 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Kashmir Singh Parmar |party=Independent politician |votes=158 |percentage=0.65% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,467 |percentage=6.06% |change= {{decrease}}22.85 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=24,197 |percentage=69.01% |change= {{decrease}}1.13 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 35,361 |ref = |change= {{increase}}7.50 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser=Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= {{decrease}}10.55 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1982 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1982 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Hamirpur<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1982 to the Legislative Assembly of Himachal Pradesh |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/SE_1982/Statistical%20Report%201982%20Himachal%20Pradesh.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120117041754/eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/SE_1982/Statistical%20Report%201982%20Himachal%20Pradesh.pdf|archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Jagdev Chand]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=14,471 |percentage=63.25% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Babu Ram |party=Indian National Congress |votes=7,857 |percentage=34.34% |change={{decrease}}4.68 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Puran Singh |party=Communist Party of India |votes=485 |percentage=2.12% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=6,614 |percentage=28.91% |change= {{increase}}13.52 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=22,879 |percentage=70.45% |change= {{increase}}10.44 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 32,893 |ref = |change= {{increase}}13.51 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser=Janata Party |swing= {{increase}}8.84 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1977 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1977 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Hamirpur<ref>{{cite web|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1977 to the Legislative Assembly of Himachal Pradesh |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/SE_1977/Statistical%20Report%201977%20Himachal%20Pradesh.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160319174923/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/SE_1977/Statistical%20Report%201977%20Himachal%20Pradesh.pdf|archive-date=19 March 2016|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Jagdev Chand]] |party=Janata Party |votes=9,322 |percentage=54.41% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ramesh Chand Verma |party=Indian National Congress |votes=6,686 |percentage=39.03% |change={{decrease}}11.08 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Roop Singh Phool |party=Independent politician |votes=702 |percentage=4.10% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Madho Ram Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=422 |percentage=2.46% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=2,636 |percentage=15.39% |change= {{increase}}7.46 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=17,132 |percentage=59.94% |change= {{increase}}6.66 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 28,979 |ref = |change= {{increase}}7.41 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Janata Party |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{increase}}4.31 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1972 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1972 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Hamirpur<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3802-himachal-pradesh-1972/ |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1972 to the Legislative Assembly of Himachal Pradesh | access-date=10 February 2022}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Ramesh Chand Verma |party=Indian National Congress |votes=7,092 |percentage=50.10% |change={{increase}}13.22 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Jagdev Chand]] |party=Bharatiya Jana Sangh |votes=5,970 |percentage=42.18% |change={{decrease}}9.19 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Rattan Chand |party=Independent politician |votes=577 |percentage=4.08% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Parmodh Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=302 |percentage=2.13% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Rumesh |party=Indian National Congress (Organisation) |votes=214 |percentage=1.51% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,122 |percentage=7.93% |change= {{decrease}}6.56 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=14,155 |percentage=54.08% |change= {{increase}}4.05 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 26,981 |ref = |change= {{increase}}7.12 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Bharatiya Jana Sangh |swing= {{decrease}}1.27 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1967 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1967 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Hamirpur<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1967 to the Legislative Assembly of Himachal Pradesh |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Himachal%20Pradesh%201967.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120117081612/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Himachal%20Pradesh%201967.pdf|archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=K. Ram |party=Bharatiya Jana Sangh |votes=6,264 |percentage=51.37% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=B. Dev |party=Indian National Congress |votes=4,498 |percentage=36.89% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=R. Chand |party=Independent politician |votes=580 |percentage=4.76% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=G. Rai |party=Independent politician |votes=436 |percentage=3.58% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=B. Dass |party=Independent politician |votes=416 |percentage=3.41% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,766 |percentage=14.48% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=12,194 |percentage=51.64% |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 25,187 |ref = |change= }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner=Bharatiya Jana Sangh |loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[List of constituencies of Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]
* [[Hamirpur district, Himachal Pradesh]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://ceohimachal.nic.in/ HP official website of the Chief Electoral Officer]
* {{cite web |title=Results of Himachal Pradesh Assembly Elections |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/74-himachal-pradesh/ |website=eci.gov.in |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=15 March 2022}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Himachal Pradesh|state=expanded}}
{{Hamirpur district, Himachal Pradesh}}

{{coord|31.69|76.52|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Himachal Pradesh]]
[[Category:Hamirpur, Himachal Pradesh]]
[[Category:Hamirpur district, Himachal Pradesh]]
[[Category:Politics of Himachal Pradesh]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1967]]
[[Category:1967 establishments in Himachal Pradesh]]

Atoizü Assembly constituency

2026-04-15T23:32:21Z

Felipa7295: starting a data first draft!

{{short description|Legislative Assembly constituency in Nagaland State, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2021}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| map_image = Atoizü Assembly constituency map.svg
| name = Atoizü
| state = [[Nagaland]]
| type = SLA
| district = [[Zünheboto district|Zünheboto]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Nagaland Lok Sabha constituency|Nagaland]]
| established = 1964
| constituency_no = 32
| reservation = ST
| mla = [[Picto Shohe]]
|party = {{Party index link|Naga People's Front}}
| alliance = {{Party index link|National Democratic Alliance}}
| latest_election_year = [[2023 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
| electors = {{formatnum:16627}}<ref name=election2023>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/14874-nagaland-general-legislative-election-2023/ |title=Nagaland General Legislative Election 2023 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |accessdate=20 April 2023}}</ref>{{update after|2028|5}}
}}
'''Atoizü''' is one of the 60 [[Nagaland Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]] constituencies of [[Nagaland]] state in [[India]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://legislativebodiesinindia.nic.in/States/nagaland/nagaland-w.htm |title=Nagaland Legislative Assembly |website=legislativebodiesinindia.nic.in |accessdate= 10 February 2021}}</ref>

It is part of [[Zünheboto district]] and is reserved for candidates belonging to the [[Scheduled Tribes]].

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Year
!Member
!colspan="2"|Party
|-
| [[1964 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election|1964]] || rowspan=2 | Kiyekhu Shikhu || {{Full party name with color|Independent politician}}
|-
| [[1969 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election|1969]] || {{Full party name with color|Nagaland Nationalist Organisation}}
|-
| [[1974 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election|1974]] || N. Yeshito Chishi || {{Full party name with color|Independent politician}}
|-
| [[1977 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election|1977]] || rowspan=5 | [[K. L. Chishi]]|| {{Full party name with color|United Democratic Alliance (Nagaland)}}
|-
| [[1982 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election|1982]] || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[1987 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election|1987]]
|-
| [[1989 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election|1989]] || {{Full party name with color|Naga People's Front}}
|-
| [[1993 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election|1993]] || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=3}}
|-
| [[1998 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election|1998]] || rowspan=3 | Doshehe Y. Sema
|-
| [[2003 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election|2003]]
|-
| [[2008 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election|2008]] || {{Full party name with color|Naga People's Front}}
|-
| [[2013 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election|2013]] || rowspan=3 | [[Picto Shohe]]<ref name=election2018/> || {{Full party name with color|Independent politician}}
|-
| [[2018 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election|2018]] || {{Full party name with color|Naga People's Front}}
|-
| [[2023 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election|2023]] || {{Full party name with color|Nationalist Congress Party}}
|}

== Election results ==
=== 2023 Assembly election ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2023 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]]: Atoizu<ref>{{cite news |last1=The Indian Express |title=Nagaland Assembly Election results 2023: Check full list of winners |url=https://indianexpress.com/elections/nagaland-assembly-election-results-2023-winners-8473973/ |access-date=3 March 2023 |date=2 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230303042608/https://indianexpress.com/elections/nagaland-assembly-election-results-2023-winners-8473973/ |archive-date=3 March 2023 |language=en}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Picto Shohe]] |party=Nationalist Congress Party |votes=8,294 |percentage=51.83% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Er Kahuli Sema|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|votes=7,692|percentage=48.07%|change=1.04%}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Nota|party=None of the above|votes=16|percentage=0.10%|change=}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=602 |percentage=3.76% |change=-2.03% }}
{{Election box turnout|votes=16,002|percentage=96.24%|change=3.46%}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 16,627 |change =6.62% }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Nationalist Congress Party |loser=Naga People's Front |swing= -0.99% }}
{{Election box end}}
=== 2018 Assembly election ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2018 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]]: Atoizu<ref name=election2018>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3652-nagaland-general-legislative-election-2018/?do=download&r=8575&confirm=1&t=1&csrfKey=0b619cd94134dd7b05162acdebe1ba9f|title=Nagaland General Legislative Election 2018 - Nagaland - Election Commission of India |website=eci.gov.in |date= |author= |accessdate= December 29, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://ceo.nagaland.gov.in/ElectionFiles/NLA/13th_General_Election_Report_NLA_2018.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220128161430/https://ceo.nagaland.gov.in/ElectionFiles/NLA/13th_General_Election_Report_NLA_2018.pdf |archive-date=28 January 2022 | title = Report on the General Election to the 13th Nagaland Legislative Assembly 2018 |website=Chief Electoral Officer, Nagaland}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Picto Shohe]] |party=Naga People's Front |votes=7,643 |percentage=52.82% |change=16.07% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Kiyezhe L. Chishi|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|votes=6,805|percentage=47.03%|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=None of the Above|party=None of the above|votes=21|percentage=0.15%|change=}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=838 |percentage=5.79% |change=-15.45% }}
{{Election box turnout|votes=14,469|percentage=92.79%|change=-3.38%}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 15,594 |change =-2.99% }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Naga People's Front |loser=Independent politician |swing= -5.17% }}
{{Election box end}}
=== 2013 Assembly election ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2013 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]]: Atoizu<ref>{{cite web |url=https://ceo.nagaland.gov.in/ElectionFiles/NLA/12th_General_Election_Report_NLA_2013.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221125124535/https://ceo.nagaland.gov.in/ElectionFiles/NLA/12th_General_Election_Report_NLA_2013.pdf |archive-date=25 November 2022 | title = Report on the General Election to the 11th Nagaland Legislative Assembly 2013 |website=Chief Electoral Officer, Nagaland}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Picto Shohe]] |party=Independent politician |votes=8,965 |percentage=57.99% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Doshehe Y. Sema|party=Naga People's Front|votes=5,681|percentage=36.75%|change=-15.73%}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Mghato Achumi|party=Indian National Congress|votes=774|percentage=5.01%|change=-43.84%}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=3,284 |percentage=21.24% |change=17.62% }}
{{Election box turnout|votes=15,459|percentage=96.17%|change=8.29%}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 16,075 |change =-9.47% }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Independent politician |loser=Naga People's Front |swing= 5.52% }}
{{Election box end}}
=== 2008 Assembly election ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2008 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]]: Atoizu<ref>{{cite web |url=https://ceo.nagaland.gov.in/ElectionFiles/NLA/11th_General_Election_Report_NLA_2008.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220128170532/https://ceo.nagaland.gov.in/ElectionFiles/NLA/11th_General_Election_Report_NLA_2008.pdf |archive-date=28 January 2022 | title = Report on the General Election to the 11th Nagaland Legislative Assembly 2008 |website=Chief Electoral Officer, Nagaland}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Doshehe Y. Sema |party=Naga People's Front |votes=8,188 |percentage=52.48% |change=19.66% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mghato Achumi |party=Indian National Congress |votes=7,622 |percentage=48.85% |change=15.17% }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=566 |percentage=3.63% |change=3.44% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=15,603 |percentage=89.04% |change= 0.23% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 17,756 |change =63.82% }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Naga People's Front |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= 18.79% }}
{{Election box end}}
=== 2003 Assembly election ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2003 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]]: Atoizu<ref>{{cite web |url=https://ceo.nagaland.gov.in/ElectionFiles/NLA/10th_General_Election_Report_NLA_2003.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220623083626/https://ceo.nagaland.gov.in/ElectionFiles/NLA/10th_General_Election_Report_NLA_2003.pdf |archive-date=23 June 2022 | title = Report on the General Election to the 10th Nagaland Legislative Assembly 2003 |website=Chief Electoral Officer, Nagaland}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Doshehe Y. Sema |party=Indian National Congress |votes=3,200 |percentage=33.68% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Kiyezhe L. Chishi |party=Nationalist Democratic Movement |votes=3,182 |percentage=33.49% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Kikheho |party=Naga People's Front |votes=3,118 |percentage=32.82% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=18 |percentage=0.19% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=9,500 |percentage=87.65% |change= 87.65% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 10,839 |change =13.12% }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= -43.38% }}
{{Election box end}}
=== 1998 Assembly election ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1998 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]]: Atoizu<ref>{{cite web |url=https://ceo.nagaland.gov.in/ElectionFiles/NLA/9th_General_Election_Report_NLA_1998.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220128160926/https://ceo.nagaland.gov.in/ElectionFiles/NLA/9th_General_Election_Report_NLA_1998.pdf |archive-date=28 January 2022 | title = Report on the General Election to the 9th Nagaland Legislative Assembly 1998 |website=Chief Electoral Officer, Nagaland}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate unopposed with party link| |candidate=Doshehe Y. Sema |party=Indian National Congress }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 9,582 |change =26.03% }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}
=== 1993 Assembly election ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1993 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]]: Atoizu}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Kiyezhe L. Chishi |party=Indian National Congress |votes=5,453 |percentage=77.06% |change=28.57% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mihozhe |party=Naga People's Front |votes=1,623 |percentage=22.94% |change=-28.57% }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=3,830 |percentage=54.13% |change=51.10% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=7,076 |percentage=93.54% |change= 5.29% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 7,603 |change =14.19% }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Naga People's Front |swing= 25.55% }}
{{Election box end}}
=== 1989 Assembly election ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1989 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]]: Atoizu}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Kiyezhe L. Chishi |party=Naga People's Front |votes=3,016 |percentage=51.51% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Yeshito |party=Indian National Congress |votes=2,839 |percentage=48.49% |change=0.78% }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=177 |percentage=3.02% |change=0.91% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=5,855 |percentage=88.25% |change= -2.25% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 6,658 |change =0.00% }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Naga People's Front |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= 3.80% }}
{{Election box end}}
=== 1987 Assembly election ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1987 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]]: Atoizu}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Kiyezhe L. Chishi |party=Indian National Congress |votes=2,847 |percentage=47.71% |change=20.33% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=N. Yeshito Chishi |party=Independent politician |votes=2,721 |percentage=45.60% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Tovishe |party=Naga National Democratic Party |votes=399 |percentage=6.69% |change=-19.51% }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=126 |percentage=2.11% |change=0.93% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=5,967 |percentage=90.51% |change= 8.18% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 6,658 |change =-19.96% }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= 20.33% }}
{{Election box end}}
=== 1982 Assembly election ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1982 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]]: Atoizu}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Kiyezhe L. Chishi |party=Indian National Congress |votes=1,852 |percentage=27.38% |change=-17.32% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Khotoheo |party=Naga National Democratic Party |votes=1,772 |percentage=26.20% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=N. Nihozhe Sohe |party=Independent politician |votes=1,668 |percentage=24.66% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Yoshito Chishi |party=Independent politician |votes=1,472 |percentage=21.76% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=80 |percentage=1.18% |change=-9.42% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=6,764 |percentage=82.33% |change= -2.85% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 8,318 |change =28.82% }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=United Democratic Alliance (Nagaland) |swing= -27.92% }}
{{Election box end}}
=== 1977 Assembly election ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1977 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]]: Atoizu}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Kiyezhe L. Chishi |party=United Democratic Alliance (Nagaland) |votes=2,993 |percentage=55.30% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Khetoho |party=Indian National Congress |votes=2,419 |percentage=44.70% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=574 |percentage=10.61% |change=8.25% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=5,412 |percentage=85.18% |change= 3.88% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 6,457 |change =-7.66% }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=United Democratic Alliance (Nagaland) |loser=Independent politician |swing= 15.63% }}
{{Election box end}}
=== 1974 Assembly election ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1974 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]]: Atoizu}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=N. Yeshito Chishi |party=Independent politician |votes=2,185 |percentage=39.68% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Kiyekhu Shikhu |party=Nagaland Nationalist Organisation |votes=2,055 |percentage=37.32% |change=0.62% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Lukhuhe |party=Independent politician |votes=950 |percentage=17.25% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ilhoshe Khala |party=Independent politician |votes=317 |percentage=5.76% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=130 |percentage=2.36% |change=-7.68% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=5,507 |percentage=81.30% |change= 0.45% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 6,993 |change =24.34% }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Independent politician |loser=Nagaland Nationalist Organisation |swing= 2.98% }}
{{Election box end}}
=== 1969 Assembly election ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1969 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]]: Atoizu}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Kiyekhu Shikhu |party=Nagaland Nationalist Organisation |votes=1,666 |percentage=36.70% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Rev. Ilhoshe Khala |party=United Front of Nagaland |votes=1,210 |percentage=26.65% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=N. Yeshito Sema |party=Independent politician |votes=871 |percentage=19.19% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Zhehoshe Sema |party=Independent politician |votes=793 |percentage=17.47% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=456 |percentage=10.04% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=4,540 |percentage=80.85% |change= 80.85% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 5,624 |change =53.03% }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Nagaland Nationalist Organisation |loser=Independent politician |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}
=== 1964 Assembly election ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1964 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]]: Atoizu}}
{{Election box winning candidate unopposed with party link| |candidate=Kiyekhu Shikhu |party=Independent politician |votes= |percentage= |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 3,675 |change = }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner=Independent politician |loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[List of constituencies of the Nagaland Legislative Assembly]]
* [[Zunheboto district]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Nagaland}}

{{coord|26.07|94.48|display=title}}

[[Category:Zünheboto district]]
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Nagaland]]
[[Category:Politics of Nagaland]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1964]]
[[Category:1964 establishments in Nagaland]]

Srikanteshwara Temple, Nanjangud

2026-04-12T03:01:30Z

Felipa7295: added some place w/ infobox.

{{Short description|Temple}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2019}}
{{Refimprove|date=September 2022}}
{{Infobox Hindu temple
| name = Nanjundeshwara Temple
| image = Srikanteshvara Temple, Nanjangud.JPG
| alt =
| caption =
| map_type = 
| map_caption = Location in Karnataka
| coordinates = {{coord|12|7|8|N|76|41|33|E|type:landmark_region:IN|display=inline,title}}
| native_name = ನಂಜುಂಡೇಶ್ವರ ದೇವಸ್ಥಾನ
| country = [[India]]
| state = [[Karnataka]]
| district = [[Mysore]]
| location = [[Nanjanagud|Nanjanagudu]]
| elevation_m =
| deity = Nanjundeshwara Swami ([[Shiva]])
| festivals =
| architecture = [[Temple]]
| temple_quantity =
| monument_quantity =
| inscriptions =
| established =
| creator =
| website =https://nanjangudtemple.kar.nic.in
}}
The '''Nanjundeshwara Temple''' (also called '''Srikanteshwara Temple''') is an ancient temple dedicated to [[Shiva]] in the Hindu pilgrimage town of [[Nanjangud|Nanjanagudu]] in [[Karnataka]], India.<ref>{{cite web|title=Nanjundeshwara temple, Nanjangudu|url=http://mysore.nic.in/Nanjangud.htm}}</ref> It is located on the right bank of the Kapila River (also known as the Kabini River), a tributary of the Kaveri River,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Srikanteshwara (Nanjundeswara) Temple {{!}} District Mysuru, Government of Karnataka {{!}} Heritage city {{!}} India |url=https://mysore.nic.in/en/tourist-place/srikanteshwarananjundeswara-temple/ |access-date=2026-03-28 |language=en-US}}</ref> a tributary of the [[Kaveri|Kaveri River]]. Nanjanagudu is also known as The "Dakshina Kashi" or "Kashi of South".<ref>{{cite web |title=Nanjangud car festival held with traditional fervour |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/nanjangud-car-festival-held-with-traditional-fervour/article65231022.ece |work=[[The Hindu]] |language=en-IN |date=16 March 2022}}</ref><ref>[http://www.talkativeman.com/srikanteshwara-temple-nanjangud/ Architecture of the Famous Srikanteshwara Temple]</ref>

{{Lang|kn|Nanju}} in [[Kannada language|Kannada]] means "to poison". The name {{Lang|kn|Nanjundeshwara}} means the "God who Drank the Poison" ([[halahala|''halāhala'']], a word that has its origins in the legend of the [[Samudra manthan|Great Churning of the Ocean of Milk]]); thus, the town got the name "Nanjanagudu" which means "the abode of the god Nanjundeshwara".<ref>[[Architecture of Karnataka#Nanjangud Temple]]</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://nanjangud.info/nanjangud_temple.html |title=Sri Srikanteshwara Temple in Nanjangud.Info |access-date=1 May 2011 |archive-date=29 October 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091029083919/http://nanjangud.info/nanjangud_temple.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://nanjanagudutown.gov.in/tourism/ |title=Tourism page in Nanjangud Town Municipal Council |access-date=11 July 2013 |archive-date=29 July 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130729172347/http://nanjanagudutown.gov.in/tourism |url-status=dead }}</ref>

The temple's Dodda Jaathre<ref>{{Cite web |last=madur |date=2019-03-17 |title=Dodda Jatre – The Festival Of Srikanteshwaraswamy Temple In Nanjangud |url=https://www.karnataka.com/mysore/dodda-jatre-the-festival-of-nanjangud-temple/ |access-date=2022-12-05 |website=Karnataka.com |language=en-US}}</ref> festival attracts thousands of devotees. The festivities in the fair include five colorful chariots pulled by devotees on a path called the ''ratha beedi''. Another notable feature of the temple complex is a large stone Nandi (bull), approximately eight feet in height, installed by Dalavayi Vikramaraya in 1644.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-08-21 |title=Srikanteshwara Temple In Nanjangud: Nanjundeshwara Temple Timings |url=https://www.karnataka.com/mysore/srikanteshwara-temple-in-nanjangud/ |access-date=2026-03-28 |language=en-US}}</ref> Parasurama Temple is near Nanjundeshwara Temple.

The gopuram (gateway tower), 120 feet tall and built by Devarajammanni, wife of Krishnaraja Wadiyar III in 1845, the temple complex measures 385 feet by 160 feet, covering a total area of 50,000 square feet, making it one of the largest temples in Karnataka. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-08-21 |title=Srikanteshwara Temple In Nanjangud: Nanjundeshwara Temple Timings |url=https://www.karnataka.com/mysore/srikanteshwara-temple-in-nanjangud/ |access-date=2026-03-28 |language=en-US}}</ref>Is described by various sources as having either seven or nine tiers in the Dravidian style. It is crowned by seven gold-plated kalashas, each approximately three metres tall.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Srikanteshwara (Nanjundeswara) Temple {{!}} District Mysuru, Government of Karnataka {{!}} Heritage city {{!}} India |url=https://mysore.nic.in/en/tourist-place/srikanteshwarananjundeswara-temple/ |access-date=2026-03-28 |language=en-US}}</ref>

==History==
Nanjungud is mentioned as Sri Garalapuri, in the ''[[Shiva Purana]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |last=www.wisdomlib.org |date=2018-08-07 |title=The Shiva Purana |url=https://www.wisdomlib.org/hinduism/book/shiva-purana-english |access-date=2022-12-05 |website=www.wisdomlib.org |language=en}}</ref> It is said that the legendary holy place is the abode of Shiva in southern India. It is also referred to as "Dakshina Kasi", where the god appeared at the plea of his devotees, the Devas, and sage [[Narada]]. The demon [[Keshi (demon)|Keshi]] obtained a boon from [[Brahma]] and [[Vishnu]] by which they would not be able to kill him. He assumed that with this boon, he was as good as immortal and began troubling the people, the Devas, and the sages. At last, Narada and the Devas pleaded with Shiva to save everyone. He appeared in Garalapuri Sri Kshetra (present Nanjungud) and killed Keshi. He further assured that his ''Ansh'' (a part of his divine self) would always remain here and bless humanity; the place henceforth would be a ''papa vinashini'' ('remover of sins'). After bathing in the holy river of Kabini, every human praying to Lord Srikanteshwara or Nanjundeshwara (Shiva) of Nanjungud would be rid of sins and blessed by the god.

Sage [[Parashuram]], after beheading his mother as per his father Sage Jamadagni's orders, wanted to undo his sins from "Matru Hatya" (his mother's murder). Per Narada's advice, he reached Garalapuri (Nanjangud) and prayed to Sri Nanjundeshwara Swamy. Shiva appeared and advised him to build a [[Mandapa|''mantapa'']] and perform ''[[Puja (Hinduism)|pooja]]'' to the Shivlinga. While clearing the shrubs with his [[parashu]] (axe),<ref>{{Cite web |title=Parashu Weapon - The Divine Axe Weapon of Parshuram and Shiva |url=https://www.hindu-blog.com/2012/01/parashu-divine-weapon-of-parashuram-and.html |access-date=2022-12-05}}</ref> Parashuram's axe unintentionally hit the Shivlinga, and the tip of the Shivlinga began to bleed. Sage Parashuram felt very guilty and said, "I have committed another unforgivable sin; only by killing myself shall I be relieved from all my sins", and prepared to kill himself. Shiva appeared and blessed Sage Parashuram and told him to apply wet mud upon the Shivlinga (the mud of Sri Nanjangud has immense healing powers). The Shivlinga stopped bleeding. Lord Shiva advised Parashuram to build the ''mantapa'' and continue his penance. Finally, Sage Parashuram was relieved from all his sins and blessed with immortality.

The Goddess [[Parvati]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Garden |first=Goddess |date=2018-11-09 |title=The Hindu Goddess Parvati |url=https://thegoddessgarden.com/the-hindu-goddess-parvati/ |access-date=2022-12-05 |website=The Goddess Garden |language=en-US}}</ref> consort of Shiva, wanted to visit this holy place, and so he brought her to Garalapuri Nanjangud. When she went to the Kabini River and bent down to touch the water, a gemstone bead (''mani'') fell off from her crown into the water. Lord Shiva was pleased and declared, "Devi, until now, the place had my divine blessings and presence; from this moment, it shall have your presence, grace and blessings, too. It shall also be called Dakshina Manikarnika Ghat".

During the reign of Tipu Sultan, his royal elephant suffered from an eye affliction. On the advice of temple priests, Tipu arranged for the elephant to be bathed in the Kapila River and its eyes to be wiped with water used in the abhishekam (ritual bathing) of Lord Srikanteshwara for one mandala of 48 days. On the 48th day, the elephant's sight was restored.<ref>{{Cite web |last=p |first=shilpa |date=2015-11-13 |title=Tipu Sultan's gesture to Nanjangud temple {{!}} Tipu Sultan's gesture to Nanjangud temple |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/151113/nation-current-affairs/article/tipu-sultan%E2%80%99s-gesture-nanjangud-temple |access-date=2026-03-28 |website=www.deccanchronicle.com |language=en}}</ref> Tipu Sultan offered a jade (pachche) Shivlinga, also described as a Maragatha Lingam, as a token of gratitude to Sri Nanjundeshwara Swamy<ref>{{Cite web |last=p |first=shilpa |date=2015-11-13 |title=Tipu Sultan's gesture to Nanjangud temple {{!}} Tipu Sultan's gesture to Nanjangud temple |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/151113/nation-current-affairs/article/tipu-sultan%E2%80%99s-gesture-nanjangud-temple |access-date=2026-03-28 |website=www.deccanchronicle.com |language=en}}</ref> and called Lord Shiva "Hakim Nanjunda" (healer, from the Urdu for doctor). He also gifted a jade lingam adorned with a makara kanti haara (emerald necklace), which is displayed in the temple once a year during the Girijakalyana festival. Hyder Ali, Tipu's father, was similarly associated with the temple; according to the Mysore Gazetteer, a comparable account of the healing of his elephant's eye by the temple's holy water is also attributed to him.<ref>{{Cite web |last=p |first=shilpa |date=2015-11-13 |title=Tipu Sultan's gesture to Nanjangud temple {{!}} Tipu Sultan's gesture to Nanjangud temple |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/151113/nation-current-affairs/article/tipu-sultan%E2%80%99s-gesture-nanjangud-temple |access-date=2026-03-28 |website=www.deccanchronicle.com |language=en}}</ref>
The origins of the Srikanteshwara Temple date back to the Ganga dynasty, but its expansion and present grandeur are attributed to contributions from the Cholas, Hoysalas, and the Wodeyars of Mysore. The prakara (outer courtyard wall) contains multiple niches housing 122 images of Shiva in various forms, as well as sculptures of Ganpati, Saptamatrika, and other deities. The temple also houses a stone sculpture of Krishnaraja Wadiyar III and his four wives, along with 65 Shiva lingas of various sizes and multiple vahanas (processional carriages).<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-08-21 |title=Srikanteshwara Temple In Nanjangud: Nanjundeshwara Temple Timings |url=https://www.karnataka.com/mysore/srikanteshwara-temple-in-nanjangud/ |access-date=2026-03-28 |language=en-US}}</ref> The Garba Griha (inner sanctum) was constructed during the Chola period, around the 11th century AD. The anterior mandapa, where devotees sit, was added during the Hoysala period around the 13th century AD. During the Vijayanagara period, a brick-and-mortar shikara was built over the shrine, and the Parvati and Narayana shrines were added.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Srikanteshwara Temple, Nanjangud - Timings, Legend, History & Benefits |url=https://www.astroved.com/astropedia/en/temples/south-india/srikanteshwara-temple-nanjangud |access-date=2026-03-28 |website=Astroved Astropedia |language=en}}</ref> While the Gangas first established a smaller shrine, the Cholas and Hoysalas made significant architectural additions. The Wodeyars, prominent patrons of the temple, are credited with building the impressive gopuram and several mandapas.

The name "Nanjundeshwara", meaning "the healer", is derived from Lord Shiva's act of consuming poison (Halahala) during the Samudra Manthana (churning of the ocean).

==Gallery==
<gallery>
File:View of gopura from inside the Srikanteshwara temple complex at Nanjangud.JPG|View of ''gopura'' from inside
File:Large pillared mantapa with sala towers in the Srikanteshwara temple complex at Nanjangud.JPG|Large pillared ''mantapa'' with sala towers
File:Open mantapa with sala roofs in the Srikanteshwara temple complex at Nanjangud.JPG|Open ''mantapa'' with sala roofs
File:Close up view of sala tower over mantapa in Srikanteshwara temple complex at Nanjangud.JPG|Close up view of sala tower over ''mantapa''
File:Pillared entrance into the Srikanteshwara temple complex at Nanjangud.jpg|Pillared entrance to temple
File:Close up view of pillars at the entrance to Srikanteshwara temple complex at Nanjangud.JPG|Close up view of pillared entrance to temple
File:Yali pillars in the mahadwara (entrance) of Srikanteshwara temple complex at Nanjangud.JPG|Yali pillars in the ''mahadwara''
File:Kannada inscription (1517 AD) in the Srikanteshwara temple at Nanjangud.JPG|Kannada inscription (1517 CE) of King Krishnadevaraya's father-in-law
File:Deity sculpture in Srikanteshwara temple at Nanjangud 6.JPG|Deity sculpture
File:Ganesha relief sculpture in Srikanteshwara temple at Nanjangud.JPG|Ganesha sculpture
File:Deity sculpture in Srikanteshwara temple at Nanjangud 7.JPG|Deity sculpture
File:Deity sculpture in Srikanteshwara temple at Nanjangud 4.JPG|Shree Veerabhadreshwara sculpture
File:Deity sculpture in Srikanteshwara temple at Nanjangud 5.JPG|Deity sculpture
File:Deity sculpture in Srikanteshwara temple at Nanjangud 2.JPG|Deity sculpture
File:Deity sculpture in Srikanteshwara temple at Nanjangud 3.JPG|Deity sculpture
File:Decorative pillars near the sanctum of Srikanteshwara temple at Nanjangud.JPG|Decorative pillars
</gallery>

==See also==
*[[Samudra manthan]]

==References==
{{commons category}}
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Shiva temples in Karnataka]]
[[Category:Hindu temples in Mysore district]]
Historical and Cultural Context of Nanjangud Temple
Karnataka Temples Documentation

Department of Higher and Technical Education (Jharkhand)

2026-04-04T06:08:24Z

Felipa7295: Put up some stub first draft

{{Short description|Government Department of Jharkhand}}
{{Infobox government agency
| name = Department of Higher and Technical Education
| native_name = उच्च एवं तकनीकी शिक्षा विभाग
| seal = Jharkhand Rajakiya Chihna.svg
| seal_size = 170
| logo =
| formed =
| jurisdiction = [[Government of Jharkhand]]
| headquarters = Yojana Bhawan, Nepal House, Doranda, [[Ranchi]], [[Jharkhand]]
| minister1_name = [[Sudivya Kumar]]
| minister1_pfo = Minister of Higher and Technical Education, Jharkhand
| chief1_name = Rahul Kumar Purwar, [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]]
| chief1_position = [[Principal Secretary (India)|Secretary]]
| parent_department = [[Government of Jharkhand]]
| website = {{Official Website|https://www.jharkhand.gov.in/hte}}
}}
The '''Department of Higher and Technical Education''' is a department under the [[Government of Jharkhand]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Official website - Department of Higher and Technical Education |url=https://www.jharkhand.gov.in/hte |access-date=27 Sep 2025 |website=jharkhand.gov.in/hte}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Higher, Technical Education & Skill Development Department {{!}} Jharkhand.MyGov.in |url=https://jharkhand.mygov.in/en/group/higher-technical-education-skill-development-department |access-date=2025-09-27 |website=jharkhand.mygov.in}}</ref> It is responsible for the governance, regulation and development of higher and technical education in the state, including policy formulation, coordination with universities and oversight of government and government-aided institutions.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |title=Jharkhand CM launches six portals to modernise state's education system |url=https://education.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/industry/jkhand-cm-launches-six-portals-to-modernise-states-education-system/118372355 |access-date=2025-09-27 |website=ETEducation.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-02-23 |title=Higher edu dept’s policy push for research and pre-incubation support at varsity level |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ranchi/higher-edu-depts-policy-push-for-research-and-pre-incubation-support-at-varsity-level/articleshow/118487749.cms |access-date=2025-09-27 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-02-14 |title=दो प्राइवेट यूनिवर्सिटी की मान्यता खत्म करने की अनुशंसा: हाइयर एजुकेशन डिपार्टमेंट की कमिटी ने सौंपी रिपार्ट, नियमों की अनदेखी कर चल रहे विवि |url=https://www.bhaskar.com/local/jharkhand/ranchi/news/higher-education-departments-committee-submitted-its-report-the-universities-are-running-by-ignoring-the-rules-130924024.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230301182304/https://www.bhaskar.com/local/jharkhand/ranchi/news/higher-education-departments-committee-submitted-its-report-the-universities-are-running-by-ignoring-the-rules-130924024.html |archive-date=2023-03-01 |access-date=2025-09-27 |work=Dainik Bhaskar |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-01-14 |title=Govt to take strict action against private universities violating norms |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ranchi/govt-to-take-strict-action-against-private-universities-violating-norms/articleshow/106826731.cms |access-date=2025-09-27 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-06-20 |title=Speed up renovation of women’s colleges: Hemant |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ranchi/speed-up-renovation-of-womens-colleges-hemant/articleshow/121981015.cms |access-date=2025-09-27 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2015-12-21 |title=6 polytechnic colleges to come up next year |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ranchi/6-polytechnic-colleges-to-come-up-next-year/articleshow/50262039.cms |access-date=2025-09-27 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

==Ministerial team==
The ministerial team is headed by the Cabinet Minister for Higher and Technical Education. Civil servants such as the Principal Secretary are appointed to support the minister in managing the department and implementing its functions. Since December 2024, the minister for Department of Higher and Technical Education is [[Sudivya Kumar]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=CM Soren distributes portfolios to ministers, keeps Home to himself |url=https://www.business-standard.com/politics/cm-soren-distributes-portfolios-to-ministers-keeps-home-to-himself-124120600651_1.html |access-date=28 Sep 2025 |work=Business Standard}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-12-07 |title=नए मंत्री सुदिव्य के समक्ष गिरिडीह को शिक्षा का हब बनाने की चुनौती |url=https://www.livehindustan.com/jharkhand/gridih/story-sudivya-kumar-sonu-appointed-minister-in-jharkhand-faces-challenges-to-enhance-education-in-giridih-201733517326932.html |access-date=2025-09-27 |website=www.livehindustan.com |language=hi}}</ref>

==Departments==
* Directorate of Higher Education
* Directorate of Technical Education
===Autonomous bodies===
* [[Jharkhand University of Technology|Jharkhand University of Technology (JUT)]]
===Board and Councils===
* Jharkhand Combined Entrance Competitive Examination Board (JCECEB)
* Jharkhand State Higher Education Council (JSHEC)
* Jharkhand Council on Science, Technology & Innovation (JCSTI)

==List of Government Technical Institutions==
===Engineering===
* [[Birsa Institute of Technology Sindri|Birsa Institute of Technology Sindri (BIT Sindri)]]
* [[Government Engineering College, Palamu|Government Engineering College, Palamu (GEC Palamu)]]
* [[Government Engineering College Bokaro]] (GEC Bokaro) [https://gecbokaro.org]
* [[Government Engineering College Godda]] (GEC Godda) [https://gecgodda.org]

==See also==
* [[Government of Jharkhand]]
* [[List of institutions of higher education in Jharkhand]]
* [[Department of Higher Education (India)]]
* [[Ministry of Education (India)]]
* [[University Grants Commission (India)]]
==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Government departments of Jharkhand]]

Brijesh Kumar Singh

2026-04-04T03:54:52Z

Felipa7295: Put up initial bio initial version

{{Short description|Indian politician and gangster}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Brijesh Kumar Singh
| office = [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Council|Member of Uttar Pradesh Legislative Council]]
| term_start = 8 March 2016
| term_end = 7 March 2022
| constituency = ''Varanasi Local Authorities ''
| party = [[Independent Politician|Independent]]
| profession = [[Politician]]
| image =
| office1 =
| predecessor1 =
| predecessor = [[Annapurna Singh]]
| successor1 =
| spouse = {{marriage|[[Annapurna Singh]]|1991}}
| relations = Late Uday Nath Singh alias Chulbul (ex-MLC) [[Sushil Singh]] (nephew)
| nickname = '''Arun'''
| successor = [[Annapurna Singh]]
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1968|07|01}}
| birth_place = [[Varanasi]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[India]]
| parents = Late Ravindra Nath Singh (father)
}}
'''Brijesh Kumar Singh''' (also known as '''Arun''') is an [[Indian Gangster|Indian Mafia Don]] turned [[Politics of India|politician]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Crime and Political Career of Brijesh Singh|url=https://hindi.theprint.in/india/gangster-to-politician-brijesh-singh-former-mlc-from-varanasi-has-been-from-table-and-suryadev-singh/523308/|website=The Print}}</ref> and a former [[Uttar Pradesh legislative council|Member of Uttar Pradesh legislative council]] as an [[Independent Politician|independent candidate]].

== Political career ==
Brijesh Singh started his political career in year 2012 while being lodged in jail by contesting [[2012 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|Assembly elections]] from [[Saiyadraja Assembly constituency|Saiyadraja Vidhan Sabha]] as a candidate of [[Pragatisheel Manav Samaj Party|PMSP]], but lost by margin of 2,016 votes. Then he contested the [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Council|Legislative Council elections]] in 2016 as an independent candidate from his ancestral [[Varanasi|Varanasi seat]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Influence of Brijesh Singh in Varanasi region|url=https://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/state/uttar-pradesh/varanasi/brijesh-singh-wife-annapurna-wins-on-varanasi-mlc-seat-bjp-defeated-in-pm-modi-seat/articleshow/90793434.cms|website=Navbharat Times}}</ref> which his wife and elder brother represented earlier and won by a margin of 1,954 votes and became MLC.<ref>{{cite web|title=Brijesh Singh wins from Varanasi as an independent candidate|url=https://www.india.com/news/india/uttar-pradesh-vidhan-parishad-results-2016-in-narendra-modis-varanasi-mafia-don-brijesh-kumar-singh-defeats-bjp-1010966/|website=India.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Jailed Mafia Don & MLC Brijesh Singh Takes Oath|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/jailed-mafia-don-takes-oath-as-mlc/article8343864.ece|website=The Hindu}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Election affidavit of Brijesh Singh as an MLC candidate from varanasi local authorities constituency |url=https://myneta.info/upmlc/candidate.php?candidate_id=140 |website=My Neta}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Election affidavit of Brijesh Singh as an MLA candidate from saiyadraja assembly constituency |url=https://www.myneta.info/up2012/candidate.php?candidate_id=991 |website=My Neta}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Singh alias Arun, Brijesh Kumar}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Independent politicians in India]]
[[Category:Indian gangsters]]
[[Category:1968 births]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian politicians]]
[[Category:Members of the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Council]]

Frontier Nagaland

2026-04-02T00:48:06Z

Felipa7295:

{{Infobox settlement
| name = Frontier Nagaland
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = region
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| image_map =Frontier Nagaland (India).svg
| map_caption = District of Frontier Nagaland
| coordinates =
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Nagaland]]
| seat_type = Headquarter
| seat =
| parts_type = District
| parts_style = para
| p1 = {{ublist|[[Mon district|Mon]] | [[Longleng district|Longleng]] | [[Tuensang district|Tuensanh]] | [[Noklak district|Noklak]] | [[Shamator district|Shamator]] | [[Kiphire district|Kiphire]]}}

| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total =
| population_as_of = 2011
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Indian English|English]]
| demographics1_title2 = Other
| demographics1_info2 = [[Konyak language|Konyak]], [[Khiamniungan language|Khiamniungan]], [[Chang language|Chang]], [[Yimkhiungrü language|Yachumi]], [[Tikhir language|Tikhir]], [[Chirr language|Chirr]], [[Sangtam language|Sangtam]], [[Phom language|Phom]], [[Sümi language|Sema]]
| timezone1 = IST
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code =
| registration_plate =
| blank1_name_sec1 = Largest city
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Mon, India|Mon]]
| blank1_name_sec2 = Districts
| blank1_info_sec2 = 6
| website =
| footnotes =
}}
'''Frontier Nagaland''' is a region of the [[India]]n state of [[Nagaland]]. It comprises the eastern districts of Nagaland.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Eastern Nagaland echoes with demand for ‘Frontier Nagaland’ |url=https://morungexpress.com/eastern-nagaland-echoes-with-demand-for-frontier-nagaland |access-date=2022-12-21 |website=MorungExpress}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=MHA to take views of Frontier Nagaland Movment |url=https://nenow.in/north-east-news/nagaland/mha-to-take-views-of-rio-government-on-frontier-nagaland-state-demand.html&ved=2ahUKEwjJr_aEw4r8AhX86HMBHXl4DVAQ0PADKAB6BAgbEAE&usg=AOvVaw3PvjSdeBuZSpirRp-krTfj |access-date=2022-12-21 |website=www.google.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Separate state demand rises in Frontier Nagaland region |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/frontier-nagaland-state-demand-group-to-meet-amit-shah |access-date=2022-12-21 |website=www.thehindu.com}}</ref>

== History ==
Earlier the region was part of Tuensang Frontier Division as part of [[North-East Frontier Agency]] (present day [[Arunachal Pradesh]]) until 1957. The area was transferred to [[Naga Hills District, British India|Naga Hills District]] of United [[Assam]] state until 1962 after which it became part of present day [[Nagaland]]. The division was renamed as Tuensang Naga Hills District.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Babar |first=Aniruddha |date=27 September 2022 |title=Frontier Nagaland - A land of unique history, identity and destiny |url=https://morungexpress.com/frontier-nagaland-a-land-of-unique-history-identity-and-destiny |access-date=2022-12-30 |website=[[The Morung Express]]}}</ref>

== Districts ==
The region comprises following districts,
{{Nagaland Districts}}
# [[Mon district]]
# [[Longleng district]]
# [[Tuensang district]]
# [[Noklak district]]
# [[Shamator district]]
# [[Kiphire district]]

==Separate state demand==
Separate state demand has been raised by the region's apex organisation called Eastern Nagaland People's Organisation. They argue that the region which is already economically backward, is further being ignored by the state government and is given a step-motherly treatment. Basic infrastructure like road, communications, educational institutions, and medical institutions are in no condition to provide decent services. The demand has strong support in the region and is based on popular grassroots resolution encompassing every village council and tribal council, students organisations and general public of Eastern Nagaland.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ENPO |url=https://morungexpress.com/eastern-nagaland-echoes-with-demand-for-frontier-nagaland |access-date=2022-12-21 |website=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Frontier Nagaland State demand |url=https://nenow.in/north-east-news/nagaland/mha-to-take-views-of-rio-government-on-frontier-nagaland-state-demand |access-date=2022-12-21 |website=North East Now}}</ref> ENPO delegation has met the Union Home Minister [[Amit Shah]] who said that the grievances and request for a separate entity was understood. After several high level meetings between ENPO and the Government of India, the MHA has agreed to offer a 'Frontier Naga Territory', however they haven’t fulfilled the promise yet for which ENPO is still fighting.

During [[2024 Indian general election]], ENPO declared boycotted the election and voter turnout in these districts were almost zero percentage.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Choudhury |first=Ratnadip |date=19 April 2024 |title=Almost 0% Voting In 6 Nagaland Districts Over Separate Territory Demand |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/nagaland-lok-sabha-election-2024-eastern-nagaland-peoples-organisation-boycotts-polls-6-nagaland-districts-boycott-polls-over-demand-for-separate-terr-5475948 |access-date=2024-04-20 |website=[[NDTV]]}}</ref>

On 9th August 2024, Nagaland [[18th Lok Sabha|Lok Sabha]] MP [[S. Supongmeren Jamir]] raised the Frontier Nagaland question in the parliament. He cautioned the government of the socio-political consequences in the state for ignoring the status. He urged the [[Ministry of Home Affairs (India)|Home Ministry]] to provide a status on the memorandum between the governments of India, Nagaland and ENPO.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Morning Express News |date=9 August 2024 |title=MP Supongmeren raises Frontier Nagaland issue in LS |url=https://www.morungexpress.com/mp-supongmeren-raises-frontier-nagaland-issue-in-ls |access-date=2024-08-18 |website=[[The Morung Express]]}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Geography of Nagaland]]

N. Ravikiran

2026-03-21T11:38:01Z

Felipa7295: made the details more to come

{{Short description|Indian slide instrumentalist and vocalist}}
{{Indian patronymic|Ravikiran|Narasimhan}}
{{pp-pc}}
{{Use British English|date=August 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2014}}
{{Infobox musical artist
| name = N. Ravikiran
| image = Chitravina N Ravikiran-1300972.jpg
| caption =
| image_size =
| background = solo_singer
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1967|2|12}}
| birth_place = [[Mysore]], [[India]]
| instrument = [[Chitravina]]
| genre = [[Indian classical music]], [[Carnatic music]], [[world music]], [[melharmony]]
| occupation = Instrumentalist, vocalist, musical composer
| years_active = 1969 – present
| website = {{URL|ravikiranmusic.com}}
}}
'''Narasimhan Ravikiran''' (born 12 February 1967) is an Indian slide instrumentalist, vocalist, composer, and orator, who created the concept of [[melharmony]]. He is the son of [[gottuvadhyam]] player [[Chitravina Narasimhan]]<ref>Deccan Herald, Bangalore 10 Dec 1979</ref> and the grandson of [[Narayan Iyengar]], who was also a [[Carnatic music|Carnatic]] musician.

== Early life ==
Ravikiran was born in [[Mysore]], Karnataka. He made his first appearance at the age of two, in April and again in August 1969, in Bangalore,<ref>''The Hindu'', Bangalore (22 August 1969) "Prodigy in Carnatic Music"</ref> and was interviewed by [[Semmangudi Srinivasa Iyer]], [[Pandit Ravi Shankar]], [[M S Subbulakshmi]] and Flute T R Mahalingam.<ref>Ananda Vikatan Weekly, Madras (Aug 1969)</ref> He also performed at the XLIII Madras Music Conference held at The [[Madras Music Academy]] in December 1969,<ref name="themusicacademy">{{cite journal |title=The XLIIIrd Madras Music Conference: Official report |journal=The Music Academy Journal |date=1970 |volume=49 |issue=4 |page=38 |url=https://issuu.com/themusicacademy/docs/1970 }}{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> and was awarded a scholarship from the academy.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/content/667656/theres-no-stopping-him.html|title=There's no stopping him|date=2018-03-31|website=Deccan Herald|language=en|access-date=2018-12-26}}</ref> He was able to identify about 325 ragas (melodic scales) and 175 talas (rhythmic cycles) of [[Carnatic music]].<ref name="haviland">{{cite web |last1=Haviland |first1=Charles |title=Family revive Indian tradition |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/3126781.stm |website=One-Minute World News |publisher=BBC News |access-date=10 November 2020 |date=6 August 2003}}</ref> Ravi Shankar is said to have declared "If you don't believe in God, look at Ravikiran".<ref>{{cite book |last1=Rajagopalan |first1=N. |title=Another Garland: Biographies of Carnatic Composers and Musicians |date=1992 |page=253}}</ref> Soon after, he was presented at musical institutions such as Shanmukhananda Fine Arts, Bombay and Tyagaraja Sabha, Coimbatore.<ref>''Times of India'', Bombay, 4 April 1971 "Ravi – the Raga Reckoner"</ref>

Following training under his father, Chitravina Narasimhan, Ravikiran debuted as a vocalist in 1972, when he was five years old, in Coimbatore. He performed at concerts in Madras, Mysore and Bangalore until he was 10. His recitals – often over two and a half hours – drew large audiences and won critical acclaim in the Indian media.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Musician – Chitravina N Ravikiran |url=https://ravikiranmusic.com/musician/ |access-date=2024-06-12 |language=en-US}}</ref>

== Career ==
[[File:Ravikiran 33A.jpg|thumb|Ravikiran with [[Akkarai Subhalakshmi]]]]
Ravikiran also established himself as a string instrumentalist at an early age.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/mumbai/other/An-inveterate-innovator-with-a-silken-voice/articleshow/55570720.cms|title=An inveterate innovator with a silken voice|last=Ramanan|first=Sumana|date=November 23, 2016|website=Mumbai Mirror|access-date=2018-12-26}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/interview-with-flute-ramani/article6886850.ece|title=If the flute sings, it must be Ramani|last=Nathan|first=Archana|date=2015-02-12|work=The Hindu|access-date=2018-12-26|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>Indian Express 1 Aug, 1982 "Child Genius"</ref> In July 1985, he set a record with a 24-hour non-stop solo concert in Chennai.<ref>The Hindu 28 July 1985 "A performance to cherish"</ref> He won an exemption to perform professional concerts for Indian Radio and Television (Doordarshan) at age 12 and was invited to represent his country in Festivals of India in France (1985),<ref>Times of India, Bombay, 4 Sept 1987</ref> Switzerland (1987), Germany (1992), Brazil (2012) and countries like Poland, Czech Republic, Austria and Yugoslavia (1997). He has performed extensively in major events and venues across the world including the Chicago World Music Festival,<ref>{{cite news | url=http://voices.suntimes.com/arts-entertainment/the-daily-sizzle/chicago-2014-world-music-festival-lineup-announced/ | work=Chicago Sun-Times | title=Chicago – Chicago : News : Politics : Things To Do : Sports | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150226014056/http://voices.suntimes.com/arts-entertainment/the-daily-sizzle/chicago-2014-world-music-festival-lineup-announced/ | archive-date=26 February 2015 | df=dmy-all }}</ref> Theatre de la Ville Paris,<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.theatredelaville-paris.com/spectacle-ravikiranshashankindedusud-831 |title=Ravikiran - Shashank .- Spectacles -. Théâtre de la Ville, Théâtre des Abbesses - Paris |access-date=25 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150226012957/http://www.theatredelaville-paris.com/spectacle-ravikiranshashankindedusud-831 |archive-date=26 February 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Europalia Festival, Belgium,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.europalia.eu/archives/india/en/article/chitravina-ravikiran-roland-van-campenhout-_175.html|title=Chitravina Ravikiran & Roland Van Campenhout|website=www.europalia.eu|language=en|access-date=2018-12-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150226013002/http://www.europalia.eu/archives/india/en/article/chitravina-ravikiran-roland-van-campenhout-_175.html|archive-date=26 February 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> Millennium Festival (UK), Rudolstadt Festival, Germany, Masters of Indian Music, Budapest,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://raga.hu/trafo/english_2009.html|title=2009-Hungary-Trafo|website=raga.hu|access-date=2018-12-26}}</ref> Sadlers Wells & Tate Modern (UK), Esplanade Festival (Singapore), Oji Hall (Tokyo), Harborfront Festival, Canada, Cleveland Festival & Madison Festival (USA).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://isthmus.com/music/article.php%3Farticle%3D40960|title=A music lover's guide to Madison World Music Festival 2013|last=Burke|first=Julia|date=2013-09-19|website=Isthmus {{!}} Madison, Wisconsin|language=en-us|access-date=2018-12-26}}</ref>

From 1986 to 1996, Ravikiran trained with the vocalist [[T. Brinda]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/music/Call-of-the-Titans/article16925217.ece|title=Call of the Titans|last=Ramesh|first=M.|date=2016-12-22|work=The Hindu|access-date=2018-12-26|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> He is acknowledged for reviving classical values among the youth.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.livemint.com/Leisure/gJq70C6Tv7wxDcvTQgY75K/Chennai-Margazhi-season-the-high-notes.html|title=Livemint Lounge 15 Dec 2017|date=15 December 2017}}</ref> He has performed with other artists and presented several concerts which include pure solos, duos with [[kanjira]]/[[ghatam]]/[[mridangam]] apart from conventional recitals with multiple accompanists and collaborations with piano, keyboard, guitar and other instruments.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/content/517077/key-notes-piano-man.html|title=Key notes of 'Piano Man'|date=2015-12-12|website=Deccan Herald|language=en|access-date=2018-12-26}}</ref>

He resumed his appearance as vocalist from 1999 and has since presented voice concerts for organizations in and outside India including the Cleveland Festival & the Chicago World Music Festival. His vocal albums include ''Genius at Work''.

Ravikiran has introduced several technical innovations on the chitravina.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/music/challenges-of-internal-diversity-in-the-carnatic-genre/article2721404.ece|title=Challenges of internal diversity in the Carnatic genre|last=Shankar|first=Uday|date=2011-12-17|work=The Hindu|access-date=2018-12-26|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

== Composer ==
[[File:Maestro Ilayaraaja with fellow musicians.jpg|thumb|Ravikiran with [[A. Kanyakumari]], [[Ilaiyaraaja]], [[Sudha Ragunathan]], [[T. V. Gopalakrishnan]], and others]]
Ravikiran has created over 800 classical Indian and contemporary compositions. His Indian classical pieces include musical forms such as varnam, krti, javali, [[tillana]] and padam. He has created pieces in each of the 35-talas of Carnatic Music.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://shillika.wordpress.com/2008/12/30/chitraveena-n-ravikiran-at-tattvaloka/|title=Chitraveena N. Ravikiran at Tattvaloka|date=30 December 2008}}</ref> as well as a 72-mela ragamalika geetam, a 13-part piece that spans over all the 72-parent ragas of Carnatic music in seven minutes.<ref>{{Citation|first=Sangeeta|last=Rasika|title=Chitravina N Ravikiran's brilliant 72-Mela Ragamalika Geetam|date=2013-10-24|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mrFJ9MLR7do |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211214/mrFJ9MLR7do |archive-date=2021-12-14 |url-status=live|access-date=2017-04-19}}{{cbignore}}</ref>

He has created new ragas,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/the-buzz/article/new-indian-classical-raga-named-after-legendary-german-composer-ludwig-van-beethoven/356701|title=New Indian classical raga named after legendary German composer Ludwig Van Beethoven - Trending & Viral News|website=www.timesnownews.com}}</ref> including:

* Veetavanam in honour of Ludwig van Beethoven<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/music/now-a-raga-named-after-beethoven/article26115349.ece|title=Now, a raga named after Beethoven|date=29 January 2019|via=www.thehindu.com|newspaper=The Hindu}}</ref>
* Mohini dedicated to Mahatma Gandhi
* Choodamani, created at age two and named after his mother<ref name="Herald">Deccan Herald, Creator of Ragas" 7 May 2006</ref><ref>Indian Express 23 Dec, 1979</ref>
* Keshavapriya, Vaishnavi, Katyayani, Samapriya, Shivamanohari, and Andhakarini<ref name="Herald"/>

Ravikiran has also set to music works of several [[azhwars]], verses of [[Vedanta Desika]],<ref>Audio CD Ranganathaya Namaha</ref> verses from ancient Tamil [[Sangam literature|''sangam'' literature]],<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/in-the-long-white-moonlight-an-exploration-of-tamil-poetry-music-and-dance-71782307.html |title=In the Long White Moonlight: An Exploration of Tamil Poetry, Music and Dance |access-date=26 April 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170427102811/http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/in-the-long-white-moonlight-an-exploration-of-tamil-poetry-music-and-dance-71782307.html |archive-date=27 April 2017 |url-status=dead }}</ref> compositions of [[Purandara Dasa]], D V Gundappa and a few contemporary composers.

In January 2016, Ravikiran composed music to 1330 [[tirukkural]] verses in 16 hours over 3 days at the [[International Institute of Tamil Studies]], Taramani, Chennai.<ref>The Hindu, 14 Jan 2016</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/current-affairs/140116/eminent-musician-ravikiran-to-create-world-record.html|title=Tamil Nadu: Eminent musician Ravikiran to create world record|last=Vijayalakshmi|first=B.|date=2016-01-14|website=Deccan Chronicle|language=en|access-date=2018-12-26}}</ref>

=== Operas ===
Ravikiran has also written a number of internationally staged operas:

* Lakshmi Prabhavam<ref>The Plain Dealer, Cleveland, 1 April 1997</ref>
* Savithri<ref>The Melbourne Age, April 1998</ref>
* Vinayaka Vaibhavam<ref>The Hindu Friday Review - 22 Dec, 2000 - Operatic presentation of Vinayaka</ref>
* Ramayana - Bala Kandam
* Ramayana - Yuddha Kandam<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aradhana.org/|title=Cleveland Thyagaraja Festival|website=www.aradhana.org|access-date=2018-12-26}}</ref>
* Mahabharata (Karna Shapatam and Geetopadesham)
* The Almighty Trinity, a production composed entirely in Telugu, highlighting the harmonious interactions between Brahma, Vishnu and Shiva.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Sunday-Hans/2016-09-11/Reinventing-the-joy-of-music/253241|title=Reinventing the joy of music|website=www.thehansindia.com|access-date=2018-12-26|date=11 September 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/Thought-behind-the-art/article14634839.ece|title=Thought behind the art|last=Nadadhur|first=Srivathsan|date=2016-09-09|work=The Hindu|access-date=2018-12-26|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
* Panchakriya
* Panchali Shapatam

== Melharmony ==

Ravikiran is known for his concept of [[melharmony]],<ref>Hindustan Times, Bombay 24 August 2011 "Pushing Boundaries"</ref> which explores Western style [[harmony]] anchored on (Eastern style) melodic rules of evolved systems such as the [[raga]] system of Indian music. Melharmony is regarded as "a contemporary musical movement"<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://isthmus.com/music/ovk-bach-ootukkadu-venkata-kavi-melharmony/ | title=East meets West| date=7 November 2019}}</ref> with an aim to unify music systems of the world<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/magazine/story/cauvery-gurgles-alongside-the-still-alps/299033|title=Cauvery Gurgles Alongside The Still Alps|website=Outlook (India)|access-date=2018-12-26}}</ref> by taking into cognisance the rules and aesthetics of all fused systems in any given collaboration. Ravikiran introduced this award-winning concept<ref>Telegraph & Argus, UK Dec 2000 "Tate Honour for Kalasangam Group"</ref> during his collaboration with artists of the BBC Philharmonic, at the Millennium Festival, UK in October 2000.<ref>BBC Magazine Cover Story "BBC Melharmonic!" (Nov 2000)</ref>

Melharmony concerts with major orchestras like the Wisconsin Chamber Orchestra have attracted large audiences.<ref>The Hindu, Sunday Magazine Spotlight 11 Sept, 2016</ref> The concept has inspired critical discussion among scholars<ref>Professor Mark Hijleh "Practical Concepts and Methods for the Analysis of Music Across Human Cultures"</ref> in international conferences including Society for Music Theory Conference, Boston (2005) and Melody, Harmony, Melharmony conference, Houston (2014).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://asiasociety.org/texas/events/asia-society-presents-chitravina-n-ravikiran-melody-harmony-and-melharmony-0|title=Asia Society Presents! Chitravina N. Ravikiran: Melody, Harmony, and Melharmony|website=Asia Society|language=en|access-date=2018-12-26}}</ref> Melharmony shows with school orchestras have given Western middle and high school children insights into how harmony can be centered on sophisticated rules of melody.<ref>Wisconsin State Journal 8 Apr 2013 - School Spotlight: ‘Mozart of Indian Music’ visits Middleton-Cross Plains</ref><ref>Indian Express 15 Apr, 2013 - Carnatic in the Classroom</ref>

Ravikiran has also melharmonically rearranged and showcased the works of the great Masters in the twin-Composer series of festivals - OVK-Bach, Tyagaraja-Mozart and Dikshitar-Beethoven since 2013.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://madison.com/entertainment/music/mozart-meets-raga-in-melharmony-festival-saturday-in-oregon/article_2ff56ae2-ec79-5c8b-b713-0a344484180e.html|title=Mozart meets raga in Melharmony festival Saturday in Oregon|first=Gayle|last=Worland|website=madison.com|language=en|access-date=2018-12-26}}</ref>

== Collaborations ==
Ravikiran has created music for Western Classical Symphony Orchestras, Chamber Orchestras, String Quartets as well as Caprices for solo violins. He has collaborated with artists of various genres such as [[Taj Mahal (musician)|Taj Mahal]],<ref>Sydney Morning Herald 2 July 1995</ref> Larry Coryell, Martin Simpson, George Brooks, Simon Phillips, Roland van Campenhout and orchestras such as [[BBC Philharmonic]],<ref>Desi Talk, New York 3 March 2000 "Ravikiran to compose for BBC Philharmonic"</ref> Wisconsin Chamber Orchestra, Goettingen Quintet, Germany, [[Apollo Chamber Players]], Houston,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.houstonpublicmedia.org/articles/arts-culture/2017/10/03/240160/local-ensemble-celebrates-10-years-with-concert-inspired-by-indian-folk-music/|title=Local Ensemble Celebrates 10 Years With Concert Inspired By Indian Classical Music|last=Zinn|first=Joshua|date=2017-10-03|website=Houston Public Media|language=en-US|access-date=2018-12-26}}</ref> Middleton Community Symphony Orchestra<ref>Middleton Times Tribune, USA 9 Nov 2017</ref> and Sacramento Symphony.<ref>{{Citation|first=Krithika|last=Rajagopal|title=Chitravina N Ravikiran with Sacramento Symphony Orchestra|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M5LnJ3xzUpM |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211214/M5LnJ3xzUpM |archive-date=2021-12-14 |url-status=live|access-date=2018-12-26}}{{cbignore}}</ref>

Among Indian maestros, he has performed with [[Semmangudi Srinivasa Iyer]], [[T. Brinda]], [[Girija Devi]], Pt [[Birju Maharaj]],<ref>{{Citation|first=Vanitha|last=Suresh|title=Chitravina N Ravikiran & Pt Birju Maharaj - "Breathless" Collaboration Part 1|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eTY2u-EvyUw |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211214/eTY2u-EvyUw |archive-date=2021-12-14 |url-status=live|access-date=2018-12-26}}{{cbignore}}</ref> Dr [[M. Balamuralikrishna]],<ref name="Ravikiran">{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/music/A-phenomenon-beyond-parallel/article16694799.ece|title=A phenomenon beyond parallel|last=Ravikiran|first=Chitravina N.|date=2016-11-24|work=The Hindu|access-date=2018-12-26|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> [[Vishwa Mohan Bhatt]], Dr [[N. Ramani]], [[R. K. Srikanthan]], Pt [[Kishan Maharaj]], [[Nedunuri Krishnamurthy]], [[Shashank Subramanyam]] Mandolin [[U Shrinivas]]<ref>{{Citation|first=Saravanan|last=Balasubramanian|title=Jugalbandhi by Shri. N. Ravikiran and Shri. U.Shrinivas.|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2yDPDAem85c |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211214/2yDPDAem85c |archive-date=2021-12-14 |url-status=live|access-date=2018-12-26}}{{cbignore}}</ref> and others.

== Philanthropy and advocacy ==
=== Arts educator ===
Ravikiran, is known for his large repertoire and for training a number of disciples around the world,<ref>Sruti – ''India's leading Music and Dance Magazine'', Oct 2008</ref> many of whom are award-winning performers and teachers.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/music/anahita-and-apoorva-sisters-show-promise/article22420933.ece|title=Siblings Anahita and Apoorva tap into the right notes|last=Krishnan|first=Lalithaa|date=2018-01-11|work=The Hindu|access-date=2018-12-26|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Womenia/2018-03-01/The-bond-of-music/362399|title=The bond of music|website=www.thehansindia.com|access-date=2018-12-26|date=March 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/music/oothukkadu-venkata-kavis-saptaratna-kritis/article19924428.ece|title=Celebrating the deity and devotee|last=R|first=Revathi|date=2017-10-26|work=The Hindu|access-date=2018-12-26|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/music/Enchanting-notes/article14500895.ece|title=Enchanting notes|last=Ganapathi|first=K.|date=2016-07-21|work=The Hindu|access-date=2018-12-26|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> His students have made contributions in other arenas.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Sunday-Hans/2016-10-23/An-artistic-bureaucrat-/260473|title=An artistic bureaucrat|website=www.thehansindia.com|access-date=2018-12-26|date=23 October 2016}}</ref> His disciples span a cross section of vocalists, violinists as well as exponents of flute, guitar, veena, keyboard in addition to the chitravina.<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/education/edex/2016/dec/19/tugging-at-the-heartstrings-with-their-soul-stirring-ragas-1549689.html |title = Tugging at the heartstrings with their soul-stirring ragas}}</ref> He has performed and written about the 18th century composer [[Oothukkadu Venkata Kavi]].<ref>The Hindu 13 Feb, 2011 "Distinctive Contributor"</ref>

===Planet Symphony===
Ravikiran initiated the Planet Symphony Global Art-Science-Social Environmental initiative to raise awareness of the [[climate crisis]]. Within weeks the organisation had a global membership of over 2,300 from 65 countries including prominent musicians, scientists, journalists, NGOs and citizens and students.<ref>{{Cite news | url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/music/a-symphony-to-save-the-planet/article27583415.ece |title = A symphony to save the planet|newspaper = The Hindu|date = 6 June 2019}}</ref> A mammoth Global production, “Climatrix Symphony — Planet Anthem” was released for climate action in which hundreds of Grammy and other international award-winning exponents and students of Classical, Jazz, Carnatic, Hindustan, folk and film music collectively recorded on an array of 50 instruments.<ref>{{Cite news | url=https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/energy-and-environment/an-open-letter-on-the-climatrix-symphony-planet-anthem-for-climate-action/article27683131.ece | title=Planet Symphony Orchestra: An open letter to the government and corporate leaders| newspaper=The Hindu| date=7 June 2019}}</ref> The Planet Symphony also came up with original perspectives including Roof Greening as a means to attract and regulate rain in many regions.<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/chennai/2019/jul/30/this-ngo-teaches-how-to-attract-rains-2011217.html |title = This NGO teaches how to attract rains}}</ref> Their climate literacy programs have been successful,<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://newstodaynet.com/index.php/2019/08/17/planet-symphony-is-an-initiative-to-make-people-climate-literate/ | title=Planet Symphony is an initiative to make people climate literate| date=17 August 2019}}</ref> along with their concept of Smart Planet, which Ravikiran explained was to drive home the point that “The need of the hour is to be environmentally smart and not only electronically smart.”<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/chennai/2019/aug/13/climate-crisis-calls-for-a-smart-planet-2018005.html | title=Climate crisis calls for a smart planet}}</ref>

=== Cultural ambassador ===
An active champion of culture,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=4665064|title=Exploring New Musical Frontiers in India|website=NPR.org|language=en|access-date=2018-12-26}}</ref><ref>DNA, Bombay 24 Jan 2007</ref> Ravikiran has performed extensively in both urban and rural schools & colleges across various countries. At age 20, he organised a symbolic non-stop 72-hour (which extended to almost 75 hours) concert for "world peace and prosperity" that brought together well-known performers of Carnatic music.<ref>Indian Express Madras, 21 Aug 1987 Lead Story "Musical Yagna gets underway"</ref> He has also presented concerts for Social Harmony to highlight the unifying powers of art.<ref>{{Cite news | url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/music/ravikiran-presents-enjoyable-fare/article26078857.ece |title = Ravikiran leads an enjoyable fare|newspaper = The Hindu|date = 24 January 2019|last1 = Suryanarayanan|first1 = Renuka}}</ref>

=== Rural music education projects ===
In 2006, Ravikiran pioneered an initiative for rural children in India with the largest music camp of its kind for over 31,000 children in Tamil Nadu, India for the Indian Government's '''Sarva Shiksha Abhyan'''.<ref>Deccan Chronicle 1 June 2006</ref>

=== Music in Schools & Universities in USA and India ===
A lobbyist for cultural renaissance in India,<ref>Times of India 9 Dec, 2010 "Artists meet Prime Minister"</ref> he was invited to provide syllabuses for Music Education in Schools in India for Grades I – VIII. In 2013, he introduced Indian music through Melharmonic creations for Middle and High School level orchestras in School Districts in USA such as Middleton & Sun Prairie, WI.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://mcpasd.k12.wi.us/news/concert-pops-concert-set-march-14|title=Concert-Pops Concert set for March 14 {{!}} Middleton Cross Plains Area School District|website=mcpasd.k12.wi.us|access-date=2018-12-26}}</ref> A summer course on Melharmony was introduced at the Eastman School of Music in 2015, by Ravikiran and renowned American Composer-Musician Prof. Robert Morris.

He has introduced Carnatic music in several countries such as Slovakia, Croatia and Slovenia.<ref>Slovenia Times 8 Oct 2011</ref>

Ravikiran's concerts have raised substantial funds for disaster relief including [[Hurricane Katrina]],<ref>Tampa Tribune, 18 Nov 2005</ref> [[2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami|Tsunami of 2004]] as well as for educational, health and cultural initiatives.

=== Musicians Covid Relief Fund===
Ravikiran set up the Musicians' Covid Relief Fund in 2020 to help numerous artists who were severely impacted by the pandemic. He got together Grammy and other Award-winning celebrities from Indian and Western Classical, Jazz and other systems to play fundraisers to support artists in distress through concerts such as the Dikshitar-Beethoven Melharmony Festival.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Pachchigar |first1=Jay |title=Global concert rings in good news for Covid-hit musicians |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/vadodara/global-concert-rings-in-good-news-for-covid-hit-musicians/articleshow/81278535.cms |access-date=March 30, 2021 |work=The Times of India |date=Mar 2, 2021 |language=en}}</ref>

=== Other contributions ===
Some of Ravikiran's other contributions<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/music/chitravina-ravikiran-feted-for-prodigious-contribution-to-music/article58707.ece | location=Chennai, India | work=The Hindu | title='Chitravina' Ravikiran feted for prodigious contribution to music | date=2 December 2009}}</ref> include:

* Introducing Indian music in a number of schools in India and USA<ref>Brookfield Academy, WI Oct 2013</ref>
* Pioneering Twin Composer Celebrations such as Oottukkadu Venkata Kavi-J S Bach Festival and Tyagaraja-Mozart Festival in cities such as Madison and Chicago, USA<ref>{{Cite news | url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/music-is-about-taking-chances/article29916177.ece |title = Music is about taking chances|newspaper = The Hindu|date = 8 November 2019|last1 = Suryanarayan|first1 = Renuka}}</ref>
* Pioneering a vocal instrumental melodic ensemble, Vintage Virtuosos and a series of albums titled "Celestial Ragas".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.medieval.org/music/world/carnatic/ravikiran.html|title=Ravikiran's Ensemble Recordings|website=www.medieval.org}}</ref>
* Introducing the portable, bright toned, 20-stringed slide instrument, Nava-chitravina
* Pioneering the use of teflon-slides in world music
* New perspectives on millennia old concepts such as "22 shrutis"
* Dance augmentation for instrumental concerts with dancer Smitha Madhav<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/blend-of-melody-and-footwork/article17359278.ece|title=Blend of melody and footwork|last=Srihari|first=Gudipoodi|date=2017-02-24|work=The Hindu|access-date=2018-12-26|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Telangana/2017-02-14/A-mesmerising-mlange-/280660|title=A mesmerising mélange|website=www.thehansindia.com|access-date=2018-12-26|date=15 February 2017}}</ref>
* Introducing Tamil compositions to North Indian dance forms like Kathak & Odissi

== Author ==
Ravikiran has authored several books on Carnatic Music including
* ''Appreciating Carnatic Music''<ref>Ganesh & Co, Madras, India</ref><ref>Garland Encyclopedia of World Music, Indian Subcontinent, P 1010</ref>
* ''Perfecting Carnatic Music Level I and II''<ref>The International Foundation for Carnatic Music http://ifcm.ravikiranmusic.com {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151212203610/http://ifcm.ravikiranmusic.com/ |date=12 December 2015 }}</ref>
* ''Life and Contributions of Oottukkadu Venkata Kavi''<ref name="ReferenceA">The International Foundation for Carnatic Music</ref>
* ''Saptaratnas and Navavaranams of Oottukkadu Venkata Kavi''<ref name="ReferenceA" />
* ''Inaiyatra innishai'' (The incomparable music)<ref>Sarva Shiksha Abhyan, Government of India</ref>

He has also penned a number of articles in journals and dailies.<ref>The Hindu 18 Dec 2010 "Culture – essential or extra fitting?"</ref><ref>The Hindu 13 Dec 2012 "A tribute to Sitar legend Ravi Shankar"</ref><ref>Deccan Chronicle 4 Dec, 2012 "Gen XT Reality Check</ref><ref>Deccan Chronicle 6 July 2013 "The CID (Content, Intent, Delivery) Mantra"</ref><ref name="Ravikiran"/>

== Awards ==
'''International'''
* The Millenium Festival Award, UK - 2000<ref name="underscorerecords.com">{{cite web|url=https://underscorerecords.com/artistes/detail/28/Chitravina-Ravikiran|title=Artistesdetails|website=underscorerecords.com}}</ref>
* The New Age Voice Finalist Award, USA - 2001<ref name="underscorerecords.com"/>

'''National & State:'''
* Kalaimamani (Tamil Nadu State Award) – 1985<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.asianage.com/life/art/190618/my-aim-is-to-take-chitravina-around-globe.html|title=My aim is to take chitravina around globe|last=Khanna|first=Shailaja|date=2018-06-19|website=The Asian Age|access-date=2019-01-25}}</ref>
* Star of India (Wisdom International) – 1985<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.pertout.com/Ravikiran.htm|title=Chitravina N. Ravikiran: The Crown Prince of Carnatic Music|website=www.pertout.com}}</ref>
* [[Kumar Gandharva Samman]] (Madhya Pradesh State Award) – 1996<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/content/667656/theres-no-stopping-him.html|title=There's no stopping him|date=2018-03-31|website=Deccan Herald|language=en|access-date=2019-01-25}}</ref>

'''Artistic'''
* Nada Sudharnava – 1980<ref name="thehindu">{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/music/A-phenomenon-beyond-parallel/article16694799.ece|title=A phenomenon beyond parallel|last=Ravikiran|first=Chitravina N.|date=2016-11-24|work=The Hindu|access-date=2019-01-25|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
* Sangeeta Choodamani, Krishna Gana Sabha<ref>{{cite web|url=https://atuva.student.virginia.edu/event/29187|title=REVIVAL : Indian Spring Concert by Chitravina Ravikiran|website=atuva.student.virginia.edu}}</ref>
* Vadya Ratnakara - Austin India Fine Arts
* Isai Peroli - Kartik Fine Arts
* Nada Sudharnava – 1980<ref name="thehindu"/>
* Sangeeta Kala Sarathy, Dec 2013 (Parthasarathy Swami Sabha), Chennai<ref>The Indian Express, 18 Dec, 2013</ref>
* Chitravina Kala Praveena, Federation of Sabhas, Chennai<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/chitravina-ravikiran-honoured/article19392282.ece|title=Chitravina Ravikiran honoured|date=2017-07-31|work=The Hindu|access-date=2019-01-25|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
* Sangeetha Kalanidhi, The Music Academy, Madras, 2017<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/music/sangita-kalanidhi-award-for-chitraveena-maestro-ravikiran/article19288982.ece|title=Sangita Kalanidhi award for Chitraveena maestro Ravikiran|last=Kolappan|first=B.|date=2017-07-16|work=The Hindu|access-date=2018-12-26|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/music-helps-in-bringing-peace-indira-banerjee/article22348151.ece|title=Music helps in bringing peace: Indira Banerjee|author=Staff Reporter|date=2018-01-02|work=The Hindu|access-date=2019-01-25|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

== Sexual harassment allegations ==
In connection with the [[Me Too movement]], multiple claims that Ravikiran participated in workplace harassment of his students and subordinates surfaced.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/carnatic-musician-ravikiran-sexually-harassed-me-two-former-students-say-me-too-90663|title='Carnatic musician Ravikiran sexually harassed me': Two former students say 'Me Too'|date=2018-10-27|work=The News Minute|access-date=2018-12-01}}</ref> Ravikiran, in an interview with the India Times and on his Facebook account, strongly denied the allegations.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/i-have-been-abused-and-wrongfully-accused-chitravina-ravikiran/articleshow/66367098.cms|title=#MeToo: I have been abused and wrongfully accused, says Chitravina Ravikiran - Times of India|work=The Times of India|access-date=2018-12-01}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.firstpost.com/india/chitravina-n-ravikiran-issues-another-detailed-denial-of-metoo-allegation-after-margazhi-ouster-5458991.html|title=Chitravina N Ravikiran issues another detailed denial of #MeToo allegation after Margazhi ouster - Firstpost|website=www.firstpost.com|access-date=2018-12-01}}</ref> Following these allegations, the Madras Music Academy dropped his concerts in the December Season 2018 music festival, along with six other musicians also accused.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/me-too-allegations-madras-music-academy-drops-7-artistes-margazhi-season-90554|title='Me Too' allegations: Madras Music Academy drops 7 artistes from Margazhi season|date=2018-10-25|work=The News Minute|access-date=2018-12-01}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.firstpost.com/india/metoo-in-carnatic-music-madras-music-academys-n-murali-on-addressing-sexual-harassment-allegations-against-artists-5450711.html|title=#MeToo in Carnatic music: Madras Music Academy's N Murali on addressing sexual harassment allegations against artists - Firstpost|website=www.firstpost.com|access-date=2018-12-01}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/music/music-academy-debars-seven-musicians-this-season-post-metoo/article25323377.ece|title=Music Academy debars seven musicians this season, post #MeToo|last=Kolappan|first=B.|date=2018-10-25|work=The Hindu|access-date=2018-12-01|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> The [[Deccan Chronicle]] reported that a committee constituted by the Federation of City Sabhas in October 2018 did not receive complaints of sexual harassment from any performing artists.<ref name = "deccan">{{cite news |title=#Metoo in Carnatic may not shadow this Margazhi |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/030419/metoo-in-carnatic-may-not-shadow-this-margazhi.html |work=Deccan Chronicle |date=3 April 2019 |language=en}}</ref> Ravikiran asserted that he has a "clean track record" and "substantial proof" of his innocence.<ref name="deccan" />

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category}}
* [http://www.ravikiranmusic.com/ Ravikiran's Official Website]
* [http://www.melharmonymusic.com/ Website on Melharmony]
{{Portal bar|India|Music}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ravikiran, Chitravina N.}}
[[Category:1967 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Chitravina players]]
[[Category:Carnatic composers]]
[[Category:Male Carnatic singers]]
[[Category:Carnatic singers]]
[[Category:Musicians from Mysore]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian composers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian composers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male classical singers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male classical singers]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award]]

Mamunul Haque

2026-03-17T11:26:17Z

Felipa7295:

{{Short description|Bangladeshi Islamic scholar}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2025}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific_prefix = [[Sheikh al-Hadith]]
| name = Mamunul Haque
| native_name = মামুনুল হক
| native_name_lang = bn
| image = Mamunul Haque.jpg
| caption = Haque in 2025
| birth_place = [[Azimpur, Dhaka]]
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1973|09|03|df=y}}
| alma_mater = {{unbulleted list|[[Jamia Rahmania Arabia]]|
[[Asian University of Bangladesh]]}}
| office = [[Bangladesh Khelafat Majlis|Emir of Bangladesh Khelafat Majlis]]
| 1blankname = General Secretary
| 1namedata = Jalaluddin Ahmad
| term_start = 11 January 2025
| status = [[Incumbent]]
| office1 = Joint Secretary-General of [[Hefazat-e-Islam Bangladesh]]
| term_start1 = 31 August 2023
| status1 = [[Incumbent]]
| 2blankname2 = Emir
| 2namedata2 = [[Muhibbullah Babunagari]]
| predecessor1 =
| module = {{Infobox religious biography
| embed = yes
| religion = [[Islam]]
| denomination = [[Sunni Islam|Sunni]]
| jurisprudence = [[Hanafi school|Hanafi]]
| movement = [[Deobandi movement|Deobandi]]}}
| predecessor = Ismail Nurpuri
| nationality = [[Bangladeshis|Bangladeshi]]
| parents = [[Azizul Haque (scholar, born 1919)|Azizul Haque]] (father)
| party = [[Bangladesh Khelafat Majlish]]
| relations = {{Unbulleted list|[[Mahfuzul Haque]] (brother)|[[Nurul Haque Miah]] (brother-in-law)}}
| signature = Mamunul Haque's Signature.svg
| occupation = Politician
}}
'''Mamunul Haque''' (born November 1973) is a Bangladeshi [[Islamic scholar]] who is serving as the [[Emir]] of [[Bangladesh Khelafat Majlis]] and Joint Secretary-General of [[Hefazat-e-Islam Bangladesh]].<ref name="WP83">{{Cite book |title=[[White Paper: 2000 Days of Fundamentalist and Communal Violence in Bangladesh]] |publisher=Public Commission to Investigate Fundamentalist and Communal Terrorism |year=2022 |location=Mohakhali, Dhaka-1212 |page=83 |language=bn}}</ref> With an ancestral heritage of religious scholarship and political leadership from his father, [[Azizul Haque (scholar, born 1919)|Azizul Haque]], he succeeded his father as a [[Sheikh al-Hadith]] at [[Jamia Rahmania Arabia]]. He is best known for his hardline advocacy for the establishment of an [[Islamic state]] and the integration of [[Sharia]] laws into government policies.<ref name="WP86">{{Cite book |title=White Paper: 2000 Days of Fundamentalist and Communal Violence in Bangladesh |page=86}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Ahmed |first=Salahuddin |date=2 May 2025 |title=Bangladesh's influential Islamists promise sharia as they ready for polls |url=https://www.rfi.fr/en/international-news/20250502-bangladesh-s-influential-islamists-promise-sharia-as-they-ready-for-polls |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250503094240/https://www.rfi.fr/en/international-news/20250502-bangladesh-s-influential-islamists-promise-sharia-as-they-ready-for-polls |archive-date=3 May 2025 |work=[[Radio France Internationale]]}}</ref>Haque has been a central figure in several national crises. In 2020 and 2021, he led opposition to the construction of a sculpture of [[Sheikh Mujibur Rahman]] and organized [[2021 Bangladesh anti-Modi protests|anti-Modi protests]], which made him the undisputed Hefazat leader overnight.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Haque |first=AKM Maksudul |date=4 May 2021 |title=Hefazat-e-Islam Bangladesh: A Self-Criticism |url=https://www.dailynayadiganta.com/opinion/580026/%E0%A6%B9%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AB%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%A8-%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF-%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE |work=[[Daily Naya Diganta]] |access-date=31 August 2024 |archive-date=4 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240904192623/https://www.dailynayadiganta.com/opinion/580026/%E0%A6%B9%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AB%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%A8-%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF-%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE |url-status=live }}</ref> In April 2019, the [[Ministry of Home Affairs]] designated Haque as one of 15 "controversial speakers" due to his rhetoric during religious sermons and issued six recommendations to monitor and restrict his public appearances.<ref>{{cite news |title=বাংলাদেশের যে ১৫ বক্তার ওয়াজে কড়াকড়ি আরোপ |trans-title=Restrictions imposed on 15 speakers of Bangladesh |url=https://www.somoynews.tv/pages/details/151745 |work=[[Somoy TV]] |date=6 April 2019 |access-date=13 February 2026 |language=bn}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=[[White Paper: 2000 Days of Fundamentalist and Communal Violence in Bangladesh]] |publisher=Public Commission to Investigate Fundamentalist and Communal Terrorism |year=2022 |location=Mohakhali, Dhaka-1212 |pages=800–801 |language=bn}}</ref>In the [[2026 Bangladeshi general election]], he contested the Dhaka-13 constituency but was defeated by [[Bobby Hajjaj]] of the [[Bangladesh Nationalist Party]]. He subsequently alleged that irregularities in ballot design contributed to his defeat.<ref>{{cite news |date=13 February 2026 |title=Dhaka-13: BNP's Bobby Hajjaj beats Mamunul Haque by over 2,000 votes |url=https://www.tbsnews.net/bangladesh-election-2026/dhaka-13-bobby-hajjaj-leads-62123-votes-96-centres-mamunul-gets-55869 |work=[[The Business Standard]] |access-date=13 February 2026}}</ref>

Haque has been described as a polarizing figure in Bangladeshi politics due to his opposition to secular social reforms. In 2025, he participated in a nationwide movement calling for the dissolution of the interim government's [[Women's Affairs Reform Commission]] and advocated limiting women's roles in the public sphere.<ref>{{cite news |date=3 May 2025 |title=Mamunul Haque demands cancellation of 'anti-Islamic' reform report |work=[[Dhaka Tribune]] |url=https://www.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/politics/381105/mamunul-haque-reform-commission |access-date=13 February 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=3 May 2025 |title=Islamist group in Bangladesh demands abolition of women's reform commission |work=Awaz The Voice |url=https://www.awazthevoice.in/world-news/islamist-group-in-bangladesh-demands-abolition-of-women-s-reform-commission-33621.html |access-date=13 February 2026}}</ref> His statements regarding gender and religious minorities in Bangladesh have been described by human rights organizations and secular activists as misogynistic and exclusionary.<ref>{{cite web |date=5 May 2025 |title=Bangladeshi Women's Rights Under Threat from Religious Groups |url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2025/05/05/bangladeshi-womens-rights-under-threat |publisher=[[Human Rights Watch]] |access-date=13 February 2026}}</ref>

He has been imprisoned three times under the [[Sheikh Hasina]] regime. Following the fall of her regime, Mamun participated in governmental meetings with the [[President of Bangladesh]], [[Mohammed Shahabuddin|Mohammed Shahabuddin]] and the [[Chief of Army Staff]], [[Waker-Uz-Zaman]], which eventually led to the formation of the [[Yunus ministry]], which included a member from Hefazat, [[A F M Khalid Hossain]]. In addition to his political and religious activities, he has served as an adjunct professor at [[Asian University of Bangladesh]] and is the editor of ''Rahmani Paigam'', a monthly magazine published in Dhaka.

== Life account ==
[[File:Mamunul Haque in Peace Tv.jpg|thumb|Mamunul Haque appears on [[Peace TV]]]]
Haque was born in November 1973 in [[Azimpur, Dhaka]].<ref name=":BK" /> His father, [[Azizul Haque (scholar, born 1919)|Azizul Haque]], was the first Bengali translator of ''[[Sahih al-Bukhari]]'' and was widely known as [[Sheikh al-Hadith]].<ref name="WP82">{{Cite book |title=White Paper: 2000 Days of Fundamentalist and Communal Violence in Bangladesh |page=82}}</ref> He is the fourth of thirteen siblings.<ref name=":BK" /> His early education was guided by his father, and by 1985, at the age of 12, he had completed the memorization of the Quran at Lalbagh Chantara Jame Masjid Madrasa. In 1986, he enrolled at Jamia Rahmania Arabia, where he continued his studies. He completed his higher secondary education in 1993, graduated in 1995, and earned a postgraduate degree in Hadith in 1996. Additionally, he obtained both a BA and an MA in Economics from the [[Asian University of Bangladesh]].<ref name="WP82" /> His teaching career included positions at Sirajganj Jamia Nizamiya Bethua Madrasa and Mirpur Jamiul Uloom Madrasa, where he taught for five and two years, respectively. In 2000, he joined Jamia Rahmania as a Hadith instructor and was later appointed [[Sheikh al-Hadith]].<ref name="WP82" /> In 2015, he founded Mahadut Tarbiyatul Islamia, an institution dedicated to higher Islamic education, research, and training.<ref name=":BK" /> He also served as an adjunct professor at the Asian University of Bangladesh and held the position of [[Khatib]] at Baitul Mamur Jame Masjid.<ref name=":BK" />

== Late 2010s activities ==
[[File:Crowd in Bilaspur, Durgapur, Netrokona Gathers as Mamunul Haque and Junaid Babunagari Depart by Helicopter 01.jpg|thumb|Crowd Gathers in [[Netrokona District|Netrokona]] for Mamunul Haque's Helicopter Departure]]
Following the [[siege of Dhaka]] on 5 May 2013, he was arrested in Khulna on 12 May. At that time, he served as the joint secretary-general of the Dhaka metropolitan branch of Hefazat-e-Islam Bangladesh and as the president of the Bangladesh Khilafat Jubo Majlis.<ref>{{Cite news |date=12 May 2013 |title=Hefazat leader Mamunul Haque arrested in Khulna |url=https://www.banglanews24.com/national/news/bd/195864.details |work=[[Banglanews24.com]] |access-date=22 October 2020 |archive-date=28 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201128211333/https://www.banglanews24.com/national/news/bd/195864.details |url-status=live }}</ref> His arrest and subsequent months of imprisonment brought him into the national spotlight.<ref name="WP83" /> Upon his release, his influence grew, particularly within religious circles across the country, solidifying his reputation within the grassroots of Hefazat-e-Islam. His rhetoric resonated with many young people, positioning him as a significant figure in the protest movements.<ref name=":BK">{{Cite news |date=19 April 2021 |title=Who is Mamunul Haque? |url=https://epaper.bhorerkagoj.com/city/2021/04/19/1 |work=[[Bhorer Kagoj]] |location=Bangladesh |language=bn |access-date=1 September 2024 |archive-date=12 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240812014105/https://epaper.bhorerkagoj.com/city/2021/04/19/1 |url-status=live }}</ref> On 6 April 2019, the [[Ministry of Home Affairs (Bangladesh)|Ministry of Home Affairs]] officially designated him a "controversial speaker".<ref>{{Cite news |date=6 April 2019 |title=Ministry of Home Affairs' Objections and 6 Recommendations Regarding 15 Speakers |url=https://www.somoynews.tv/pages/details/153225 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190409035845/https://www.somoynews.tv/pages/details/153225 |archive-date=9 April 2019 |work=[[Somoy TV]]}}</ref> Later that year, on 29 September 2019, he was appointed as an advisor to Rabetatul Waizin Bangladesh, an organization representing Islamic speakers in the country.<ref name="WP82" /> In 26 February 2020, he began the construction of a mosque called Babri Masjid Bangladesh in Keraniganj, Dhaka.<ref>{{Cite news |date=27 February 2020 |title=Allama Shafi Laid the Foundation for Babri Masjid in Dhaka |url=https://www.jagonews24.com/m/religion/article/561849 |work=[[Jagonews24.com]] |access-date=1 September 2024 |archive-date=4 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240904192629/https://www.jagonews24.com/m/religion/article/561849 |url-status=live }}</ref> Before the [[death of Shah Ahmad Shafi]] on 18 September 2020, he had established himself as a leading figure in the [[Junaid Babunagari]] faction of Hefazat-e-Islam.<ref name="WP83" /> Subsequently, on 10 October 2020, he was elected Secretary-General of [[Bangladesh Khelafat Majlis]], followed by his election as Joint Secretary-General of Hefazat-e-Islam on 15 November of the same year.<ref name="WP82" />

== Controversies ==

=== Dispute over the Sheikh Mujibur Rahman sculpture ===
[[File:Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Sculpture Damaged Amid Construction Dispute.jpg|thumb|Sheikh [[Mujibur Rahman]] statue defaced by two people after Mamunul Haque's opposition]]
On 13 November 2020, during a conference in Dhaka, Haque condemned the construction of sculptures and idols, declaring such practices to be un-Islamic and warning that no one, including [[Sheikh Mujibur Rahman]], should be commemorated with sculptures, which were under construction. He threatened to mobilize protests at [[Siege of Dhaka|Shapla square]] if necessary to prevent what he described as the "culture of idol worship."<ref>{{Cite news |date=13 November 2020 |script-title=bn:বঙ্গবন্ধুর ভাস্কর্য স্থাপন বন্ধের আহ্বান মামুনুল হকের |trans-title=Mamunul Haque Urges Halt to Bangabandhu Sculpture Installation |url=https://www.banglatribune.com/politics/news/652525/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%99%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF-%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A5%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%A8-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%B9%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8-%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B2 |work=[[Bangla Tribune]] |language=bn |access-date=2 September 2024 |archive-date=28 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201128074258/https://www.banglatribune.com/politics/news/652525/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%99%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF-%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A5%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%A8-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%B9%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8-%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B2 |url-status=live }}</ref> His remarks ignited a strong backlash from the ruling party, [[Awami League]], and pro-Awami League organizations.

On 15 November, Deputy Minister of Education [[Mohibul Hasan Chowdhury|Nawfel]], speaking at the Gol Pahar Kali temple in Chittagong, issued a pointed warning to Haque, suggesting severe consequences if he continued his rhetoric.<ref>{{Cite news |date=15 November 2020 |script-title=bn:সাবধান হন, না হলে ঘাড় মটকাতে সময় লাগবে না: নওফেল |trans-title=Be Careful, or Your Neck May Turn Quickly: Nawfel |url=https://bangla.bdnews24.com/ctg/article1826804.bdnews |work=[[Bdnews24.com]] |language=bn |access-date=2 September 2024 |archive-date=29 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129132531/https://bangla.bdnews24.com/ctg/article1826804.bdnews |url-status=live }}</ref> On 16 November, the Muktijuddho Mancha issued a 72-hour ultimatum demanding Haque's arrest.<ref>{{Cite news |date=16 November 2020 |script-title=bn:খেলাফত মজলিস নেতা মামনুল হককে গ্রেফতার ও শাস্তির দাবি |trans-title=Calls for the Arrest and Prosecution of Khilafat Majlis Leader Mamunul Haque |url=https://jamuna.tv/news/184444 |work=[[Jamuna Television]] |language=bn |access-date=2 September 2024 |archive-date=13 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221113100829/https://www.jamuna.tv/news/184444 |url-status=live }}</ref> When this demand was not met, the group held a protest on 21 November, burning an effigy of Haque and presenting a seven-point list of demands to the government, including his immediate arrest.<ref>{{Cite news |date=21 November 2020 |script-title=bn:রেজাউল করিম ও মামুনুল হকের কুশপুতুল দাহ |trans-title=Cremation of Effigies Representing Rezaul Karim and Mamunul Haque |url=https://www.kalerkantho.com/online/national/2020/11/21/978085 |work=[[Kaler Kantho]] |language=bn |access-date=2 September 2024 |archive-date=4 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240904192727/https://www.kalerkantho.com/online/national/2020/11/21/978085 |url-status=live }}</ref> The situation escalated further on 26 November when Al Nahian Khan, the president of the [[Bangladesh Chhatra League]], led a rally in Dhaka where he labeled Haque a terrorist and issued a provocative threat against him.<ref>{{Cite news |date=27 November 2020 |script-title=bn:মামুনুলদের লেজ কাটার সময় চলে এসেছে: ছাত্রলীগ সভাপতি |trans-title=The Time Has Come to Cut Mamunul's Tail: Chhatra League President |url=https://www.somoynews.tv/pages/details/249221 |work=[[Somoy TV]] |language=bn |access-date=2 September 2024 |archive-date=4 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240904192625/https://www.somoynews.tv/pages/details/249221 |url-status=live }}</ref> That same day, Nawfel, alongside members of various Awami League-affiliated groups, held a rally in Chittagong, vowing to resist Haque's activities in the district and also burned an effigy of him.<ref>{{Cite news |date=26 November 2020 |script-title=bn:বঙ্গবন্ধুর ভাস্কর্য: মামুনুলকে চট্টগ্রামে প্রতিহতের ঘোষণা |trans-title=Bangabandhu Sculpture: Declaration of Resistance Against Mamunul in Chittagong |url=https://bangla.bdnews24.com/ctg/article1831013.bdnews |work=Bdnews24.com |language=bn |access-date=2 September 2024 |archive-date=2 December 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201202182132/https://bangla.bdnews24.com/ctg/article1831013.bdnews |url-status=live }}</ref>

On 27 November, Haque proceeded with a planned conference in Hathazari, despite attempts by Awami League-affiliated groups to block his access to the city by surrounding [[Shah Amanat International Airport|Chittagong Airport]] and key entry points.<ref>{{Cite news |date=27 November 2020 |script-title=bn:ছাত্র-যুবলীগ মাঠে, মামুনুলের ‘খোঁজ নেই’ |trans-title=Chhatra League and Jubo League in Action |url=https://bangla.bdnews24.com/ctg/article1831202.bdnews |work=Bdnews24.com |language=bn |access-date=2 September 2024 |archive-date=27 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201127092216/https://bangla.bdnews24.com/ctg/article1831202.bdnews |url-status=live }}</ref> Members of the [[University of Chittagong]] branch of the Chhatra League blocked roads for several hours and set fires in protest.<ref>{{Cite news |date=27 November 2020 |script-title=bn:মামুনুলকে রুখতে হাটহাজারিতে চবি ছাত্রলীগের সড়ক অবরোধ |trans-title=CU Chhatra League's Road Blockade in Hathazari to Prevent Mamunul's Entry |url=https://www.kalerkantho.com/online/country-news/2020/11/27/979985 |work=Kaler Kantho |language=bn |access-date=2 September 2024 |archive-date=13 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221113100831/https://www.kalerkantho.com/online/country-news/2020/11/27/979985 |url-status=live }}</ref> However, Haque successfully reached Hathazari but later returned to Dhaka at the administration's request to avoid further conflict.<ref>{{Cite news |date=28 November 2020 |script-title=bn:মাহফিলের মঞ্চে না উঠে ফেরত গেলেন মামুনুল হক! |trans-title=Mamunul Haque Did Not Appear on Stage at the Conference |url=https://www.jugantor.com/country-news/368978/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%AB%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%9E%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE-%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%A0%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%AB%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A4-%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8-%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B2-%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%95 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201206172131/https://www.jugantor.com/country-news/368978/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%AB%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%9E%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE-%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%A0%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%AB%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A4-%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8-%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B2-%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%95 |archive-date=6 December 2020 |work=[[Jugantor]] |language=bn}}</ref> Angered by the obstruction, a large number of Haque's supporters, mobilized through social media, gathered at [[Baitul Mukarram]] in Dhaka to protest. Clashes ensued when police intervened, leading to several arrests and the eventual dispersal of the crowd.<ref>{{Cite news |date=28 November 2020 |script-title=bn:ফেইসবুকে গ্রুপ খুলে ঢাকায় জড়ো হন মামুনুল সমর্থকরা: পুলিশ |trans-title=Police: Mamunul Supporters in Dhaka Organized via Facebook Group |url=https://bangla.bdnews24.com/bangladesh/article1831703.bdnews |work=Bdnews24.com |language=bn |access-date=2 September 2024 |archive-date=7 December 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201207152107/https://bangla.bdnews24.com/bangladesh/article1831703.bdnews |url-status=live }}</ref> The following day, on 28 November, Muktijuddho Mancha staged a one-hour siege at [[Shahbag]], demanding Haque's arrest within 24 hours.<ref>{{Cite news |date=28 November 2020 |script-title=bn:ফয়জুল-মামুনুল হককে ২৪ ঘণ্টার মধ্যে গ্রেপ্তার দাবি |trans-title=Demand to arrest Faizul-Mamunul within 24 hours |url=https://www.kalerkantho.com/online/national/2020/11/28/980341 |work=Kaler Kantho |language=bn |access-date=2 September 2024 |archive-date=13 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221113100834/https://www.kalerkantho.com/online/national/2020/11/28/980341 |url-status=live }}</ref> On 30 November, Member of Parliament [[Mujibur Rahman Chowdhury|Nixon Chowdhury]] challenged Haque to confront the [[Jubo League]] if he had the courage.<ref>{{Cite news |date=30 November 2020 |script-title=bn:মামুনুল হককে চ্যালেঞ্জ ছুড়ে নিক্সন চৌধুরী বললেন ‘খেলা হবে’ |trans-title=Nixon Chowdhury Challenges Mamunul Haque: 'A Game Will Be Played |url=https://www.jagonews24.com/m/politics/news/626506 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211124122045/https://www.jagonews24.com/m/politics/news/626506 |archive-date=24 November 2021 |work=[[Jagonews24.com]] |language=bn}}</ref> By 1 December, around 65 organizations gathered near [[Suhrawardy Udyan]], demanding Haque's arrest, with Minister of Liberation War [[AKM Mozammel Haque (politician)|AKM Mozammel Haque]] warning of severe consequences if Haque did not retract his statements regarding the sculpture issue.<ref>{{Cite news |date=1 December 2020 |script-title=bn:বাবুনগরী ও মামুনুল হককে গ্রেফতারের দাবি |trans-title=Demand for the arrest of Babunagari and Mamunul Haque |url=https://www.dailynayadiganta.com/miscellaneous/546157/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%80-%E0%A6%93-%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B2-%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AB%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF |work=[[Daily Naya Diganta]] |language=bn |access-date=2 September 2024 |archive-date=13 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221113100831/https://www.dailynayadiganta.com/miscellaneous/546157/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%80-%E0%A6%93-%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B2-%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AB%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=1 December 2020 |script-title=bn:‘বক্তব্য প্রত্যাহার না করলে মামুনুল হকের পরিণতি ভালো হবে না’ |trans-title=Mamunul Haque's outcome will not be good if the speech is not retracted |url=https://www.banglatribune.com/others/655308/%E2%80%98%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B2-%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF-%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%87%E2%80%99 |work=Bangla Tribune |language=bn |access-date=2 September 2024 |archive-date=13 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221113100831/https://www.banglatribune.com/others/655308/%E2%80%98%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B2-%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF-%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%87%E2%80%99 |url-status=live }}</ref> On 3 December, a scheduled conference by Haque in Sirajganj Sadar Upazila was halted due to objections from the Awami League, and similar rallies in Brahmanbaria, Khulna, and Narail were also stopped.<ref>{{Cite news |date=3 December 2020 |script-title=bn:বাবুনগরী মামুনুল ও ফয়জুলের বিরুদ্ধে মানহানি মামলার আবেদন খারিজ |trans-title=Conference by Mamunul Haque Canceled Due to Objection from Awami League |url=https://www.jugantor.com/country-news/370750/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B2-%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%93%E0%A7%9F%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9C-%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%AB%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2 |work=Jugantor |language=bn |access-date=2 September 2024 |archive-date=13 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221113100841/https://www.jugantor.com/country-news/370750/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B2-%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%93%E0%A7%9F%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9C-%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%AB%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=28 November 2020 |script-title=bn:ব্রাহ্মণবাড়িয়ার সমাবেশে যোগ দেননি মামুনুল হক |trans-title=Mamunul Haque Absent from Conference in Brahmanbaria |url=https://www.risingbd.com/bangladesh/news/382683 |work=Risingbd.com |language=bn |access-date=2 September 2024 |archive-date=13 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221113100828/https://www.risingbd.com/bangladesh/news/382683 |url-status=live }}</ref> A 4 December attempt to hold an anti-sculpture rally in Paltan in support of Haque was thwarted by police.<ref>{{Cite news |date=4 December 2020 |script-title=bn:পল্টনে ভাস্কর্যবিরোধী মিছিলের চেষ্টা, পুলিশের লাঠিচার্জে পণ্ড |trans-title=Police Use Lathi Charge to Disperse Anti-Sculpture Protest in Paltan |url=https://www.jugantor.com/capital/371000/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%80-%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9B%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BE-%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%A3%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1 |work=Jugantor |language=bn |access-date=2 September 2024 |archive-date=14 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221114011104/https://www.jugantor.com/capital/371000/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%80-%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9B%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BE-%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%A3%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1 |url-status=live }}</ref>

On 5 December, Muktijuddho Mancha announced plans to file a sedition case against Haque,<ref>{{Cite news |date=5 December 2020 |script-title=bn:মামুনুল-ফয়জুলের বিরুদ্ধে রাষ্ট্রদ্রোহ মামলা করবে মুক্তিযুদ্ধ মঞ্চ |trans-title=Muktijuddo Manch will file sedition case against Mamunul-Faizul |url=https://bangla.bdnews24.com/bangladesh/article1834027.bdnews |work=Bdnews24.com |language=bn |access-date=2 September 2024 |archive-date=11 December 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201211074936/https://bangla.bdnews24.com/bangladesh/article1834027.bdnews |url-status=live }}</ref> and that same night, a partially constructed sculpture of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman was vandalized in Kushtia, with the accused later confessing that they were motivated by Haque's statements.<ref>{{Cite news |date=6 December 2020 |script-title=bn:মামুনুল-ফয়জুলের বক্তব্যে ‘উৎসাহিত হয়ে' ভাস্কর্য ভাঙচুর |trans-title=Inspired by Mamunul-Faizul, the Sculpture Was Vandalized |url=https://www.dw.com/bn/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B2-%E0%A6%AB%E0%A7%9F%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%89%E0%A7%8E%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4-%E0%A6%B9%E0%A7%9F%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%99%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF-%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%99%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B0/a-55837482 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201207004412/https://www.dw.com/bn/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B2-%E0%A6%AB%E0%A7%9F%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%89%E0%A7%8E%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4-%E0%A6%B9%E0%A7%9F%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%99%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF-%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%99%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B0/a-55837482 |archive-date=7 December 2020 |work=[[Deutsche Welle]] |language=bn}}</ref> On 7 December, two sedition cases were filed against Haque, and the court directed the [[Police Bureau of Investigation]] (PBI) to investigate.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |date=7 December 2020 |script-title=bn:মুজিব ভাস্কর্য: বাবুনগরী ও মামুনুলের বিরুদ্ধে রাষ্ট্রদ্রোহের অভিযোগ তদন্ত করবে পিবিআই |trans-title=Mujeeb Sculpture: PBI to Investigate Sedition Charges Against Babunagari and Mamunul |url=https://www.bbc.com/bengali/news-55211728 |work=[[BBC Bangla]] |language=bn |access-date=2 September 2024 |archive-date=4 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240904193126/https://www.bbc.com/bengali/news-55211728 |url-status=live }}</ref> Haque, speaking to ''[[BBC Bangla]]'', stood by his statements.<ref name=":0" /> On 9 December, a defamation case was filed against former Prime Minister [[Khaleda Zia]] and five others for allegedly collaborating with Haque, though the court dismissed it.<ref>{{Cite news |date=10 December 2020 |script-title=bn:বাবুনগরী মামুনুল ও ফয়জুলের বিরুদ্ধে মানহানি মামলার আবেদন খারিজ |trans-title=Defamation Case Petition Against Babunagari, Mamunul, and Faizul Rejected |url=https://www.jugantor.com/national/372841/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%80-%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B2-%E0%A6%93-%E0%A6%AB%E0%A7%9F%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF-%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%A8-%E0%A6%96%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9C%C2%A0 |work=Jugantor |language=bn |access-date=2 September 2024 |archive-date=16 December 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201216131932/https://www.jugantor.com/national/372841/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%80-%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B2-%E0%A6%93-%E0%A6%AB%E0%A7%9F%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF-%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%A8-%E0%A6%96%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9C%C2%A0 |url-status=live }}</ref> On 10 December, Haque faced another case under the [[Digital Security Act, 2018|Digital Security Act]] for allegedly spreading anti-sculpture rhetoric on social media, which the court redirected to the police.<ref>{{Cite news |date=10 December 2020 |script-title=bn:হেফাজত নেতা মামুনুলের বিরুদ্ধে ডিজিটাল নিরাপত্তা আইনে মামলা নেননি আদালত |trans-title=Court Declines to Pursue Case Against Hefazat Leader Mamunul Under Digital Security Act |url=https://bangla.thedailystar.net/node/191429 |work=[[The Daily Star (Bangladesh)|The Daily Star]] |language=bn |access-date=2 September 2024 |archive-date=2 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240902201958/https://bangla.thedailystar.net/node/191429 |url-status=live }}</ref> On 12 December, Nixon Chowdhury publicly called Haque a terrorist and threatened him, telling him to prepare for a war with him.<ref>{{Cite news |date=12 December 2020 |script-title=bn:মামুনুল হককে হুঁশিয়ারি নিক্সন চৌধুরীর |trans-title=Nixon Chowdhury warns Mamunul Haque |url=https://www.somoynews.tv/pages/details/252087 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221113100827/https://www.somoynews.tv/pages/details/252087 |archive-date=13 November 2022 |work=Somoy TV |language=bn}}</ref> When questioned about the sculpture vandalism, Haque described the incident as unintentional, denying that he encouraged any illegal actions.<ref>{{Cite news |date=7 December 2020 |script-title=bn:বঙ্গবন্ধুর ভাস্কর্য ভাঙচুরের নিন্দায় মামুনুল হক |trans-title=Mamunul Haque condemned the vandalism of Bangabandhu's sculpture |url=https://www.banglatribune.com/others/656274/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%99%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF-%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%99%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%9F-%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B2-%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%95 |work=Bangla Tribune |language=bn |access-date=2 September 2024 |archive-date=13 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221113100828/https://www.banglatribune.com/others/656274/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%99%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF-%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%99%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%9F-%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B2-%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%95 |url-status=live }}</ref> On 17 December, Haque was charged with attending a secret conference in Comilla.<ref>{{Cite news |date=27 December 2020 |script-title=bn:গোপনে এসে মাহফিলে বক্তব্য: মাওলানা মামুনুলের নামে মামলা |trans-title=Secret Presence at the Conference: The Case File Against Mamunul |url=https://www.banglatribune.com/country/659361/%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%AB%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF-%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%93%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE-%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%87 |work=Bangla Tribune |language=bn |access-date=2 September 2024 |archive-date=13 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221113100837/https://www.banglatribune.com/country/659361/%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%AB%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF-%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%93%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE-%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%87 |url-status=live }}</ref>

He gained popularity in anti-government circles due to his strong stance on the sculpture issue.<ref name="WP83" /> Reflecting this popularity, journalist Probhash Amin wrote in ''[[Jagonews24.com]]'': 'Previously, Hefazat meant [[Shah Ahmad Shafi|Shafi]]. Now, Hefazat means Mamunul Haque.'<ref>{{Cite news |last=Amin |first=Prabhas |date=21 December 2020 |script-title=bn:হেফাজতের নতুন নেতৃত্বের ধামাকা অভিষেক! |trans-title=The new leadership of Hefazat has made a grand debut! |url=https://www.jagonews24.com/m/opinion/article/630882 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250523033954/https://www.jagonews24.com/m/opinion/article/630882 |archive-date=23 May 2025 |work=[[Jagonews24.com]] |language=bn}}</ref> On 26 December 2020, Haque was appointed secretary of the Dhaka Metropolitan branch of Hefazat-e-Islam.<ref name="WP82" />

=== Pre and post 2021 anti-Modi protests ===
[[File:Narendra Modi Arrives in Dhaka on March 26, 2021, to Celebrate Sheikh Mujibur Rahman's Birth Centenary.jpg|thumb|[[Narendra Modi]]'s arrival in Dhaka on March 26, 2021, to honor Sheikh Mujibur Rahman's birth centenary at [[Sheikh Hasina]]'s invitation]]
On 2 February 2021, the administration barred Mamunul Haque from attending a conference in Brahmanbaria, sparking unrest in the area. The enraged crowd set fire to sections of the highway in the Kautli and Vadughar neighborhoods and blocked the Comilla-Sylhet highway with sticks, causing severe traffic disruptions late into the night. The situation was eventually quelled when Haque arrived at the venue.<ref>{{Cite news |date=3 February 2021 |title=Supporters Block Highway to Enable Haque's Brahmanbaria Visit |url=https://www.somoynews.tv/pages/details/262179 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221113100826/https://www.somoynews.tv/pages/details/262179 |archive-date=13 November 2022 |work=Somoy TV}}</ref> On 19 February, derogatory remarks about Haque made by a resident of Moindia in the Parameshwardi union of [[Boalmari Upazila]], incited local villagers to assault and confine him in a house in Maindia Bazar. A photograph of the individual with shoelaces tied around his hands spread on Facebook, leading to a legal case against 70 people involved.<ref>{{Cite news |date=19 February 2021 |title=Villagers Punish Young Man with Shoe Necklace for Insulting Mamunul Haque |url=https://www.kalerkantho.com/online/country-news/2021/02/19/1006517 |work=Kaler Kantho |access-date=2 September 2024 |archive-date=4 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240904193222/https://www.kalerkantho.com/online/country-news/2021/02/19/1006517 |url-status=live }}</ref> On 17 March, allegations that a Hindu youth had taunted Haque triggered violent retaliation in [[Sullah Upazila]], where villagers vandalized 88 houses and 7 or 8 family temples belonging to the Hindu community. Despite the unrest and calls for Haque's arrest from figures like [[AHM Shamsuddin Chowdhury Manik|Shamsuddin Chowdhury Manik]] and [[Shahriar Kabir]], no evidence linked Haque or his organization to the vandalism.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Liton |first=Ziaur Rahman |date=19 March 2021 |title=The Truth Behind the Attack on the Hindu Village Revealed |url=https://www.jugantor.com/country-news/403576/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A7%9F%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8B-%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%81-%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%B2-%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF-%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%93 |work=Jugantor |access-date=2 September 2024 |archive-date=4 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240204182429/https://www.jugantor.com/country-news/403576/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A7%9F%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8B-%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%81-%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%B2-%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF-%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%93 |url-status=live }}</ref>

Hefazat-e-Islam launched its opposition to Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi's visit to Bangladesh on 26 March 2021, with Mamunul Haque leading the movement.<ref name=":BK" /> Initial unrest erupted outside the [[Baitul Mukarram]] and quickly escalated into violent clashes in Hathazari and Brahmanbaria. In response, Hefazat-e-Islam called for a nationwide strike on 28 March, which led to significant upheaval. The clashes during the strike resulted in the deaths of 17 Hefazat members, over 500 injuries, and the arrest of more than 200 individuals.<ref>{{Cite news |date=28 March 2021 |title=17 People Killed Over Two Days; Protests Erupt Again on April 2 |url=https://www.dailynayadiganta.com/politics/572287/%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%A4-%E0%A7%A7%E0%A7%AD-%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%A8-%E0%A7%A8-%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2-%E0%A6%AB%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AD |work=Daily Naya Diganta |access-date=2 September 2024 |archive-date=2 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240902230020/https://www.dailynayadiganta.com/politics/572287/%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%A4-%E0%A7%A7%E0%A7%AD-%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%A8-%E0%A7%A8-%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2-%E0%A6%AB%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AD |url-status=live }}</ref>

On 3 April 2021, Haque and his wife visited the [[Sonargaon Upazila]] in Narayanganj for a vacation, where they faced harassment and obstruction from supporters of the ruling Awami League.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Sumon |first=Kamal Uddin |date=3 April 2021 |title=Assault on Mamunul Haque and His Wife Allegedly by Juba League and Chatra League |url=https://www.dailynayadiganta.com/dhaka/573446/%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%97-%E0%A6%9B%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%93%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE-%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B2-%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%95-%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%B9-%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9E%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9B%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221113100824/https://www.dailynayadiganta.com/dhaka/573446/%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%97-%E0%A6%9B%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%93%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE-%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B2-%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%95-%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%B9-%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9E%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9B%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4 |archive-date=13 November 2022 |work=Daily Naya Diganta}}</ref> This led to Hefazat-e-Islam activists attacking the resort to rescue Haque, which subsequently triggered a series of retaliatory actions.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Hossain |first=Akbar |date=3 April 2021 |title=Mamunul Haque: Hefazat Leader Rescued by Supporters After Resort Blockade |url=https://www.bbc.com/bengali/56626919 |work=BBC Bangla |access-date=2 September 2024 |archive-date=13 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221113100829/https://www.bbc.com/bengali/56626919 |url-status=live }}</ref> Hefazat supporters vandalized resorts, Awami League offices, and private homes, set vehicles on fire, and blocked the [[N1 (Bangladesh)|Dhaka-Chittagong highway]] by igniting it.<ref>{{Cite news |date=3 April 2021 |title=Mamunul Haque Rescued by Hefazat |url=https://www.banglatribune.com/country/dhaka/674390/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B2-%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%9B%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A7%9F%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8B-%E0%A6%B9%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AB%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%A4 |work=Bangla Tribune |access-date=2 September 2024 |archive-date=13 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221113100830/https://www.banglatribune.com/country/dhaka/674390/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B2-%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%9B%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A7%9F%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8B-%E0%A6%B9%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AB%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%A4 |url-status=live }}</ref> In response, a case was filed against Haque and 83 others for assaulting police and damaging property, with an additional 500 to 600 unnamed individuals also implicated.<ref>{{Cite news |date=8 April 2021 |title=Case Filed Against 600 People, Including Mamunul Haque, in Sonargaon Royal Resort Incident |url=https://www.dainikdinkal.net/news/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B6/7044/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%81%E0%A6%93-%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%9F%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2-%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F-%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1-%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B2-%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%B9-%E0%A7%AC%E0%A7%A6%E0%A7%A6-%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE |work=[[The Daily Dinkal]] |access-date=2 September 2024 |archive-date=4 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240904193140/https://www.dainikdinkal.net/news/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B6/7044/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%81%E0%A6%93-%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%9F%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2-%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F-%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1-%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B2-%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%B9-%E0%A7%AC%E0%A7%A6%E0%A7%A6-%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE |url-status=live }}</ref> On 4 April, a Jubo League leader was arrested in Sunamganj for posting provocative content about Haque.<ref>{{Cite news |date=4 April 2021 |title=Offensive post about Mamunul Haque, Jubo League leader arrested |url=https://www.jagonews24.com/m/country/news/656256 |work=Jagonews24 |access-date=2 September 2024 |archive-date=13 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221113100827/https://www.jagonews24.com/m/country/news/656256 |url-status=live }}</ref> An Assistant Sub-Inspector of police, who had appeared on Facebook Live to support Haque, was reassigned, and the Officer-in-Charge of [[Sonargaon]] was transferred.<ref>{{Cite news |date=5 April 2021 |title=The policeman who praised Mamunul on Facebook live has been suspended |url=https://www.kalerkantho.com/online/country-news/2021/04/05/1020834 |work=Kaler Kantho |access-date=2 September 2024 |archive-date=4 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240904193525/https://www.kalerkantho.com/online/country-news/2021/04/05/1020834 |url-status=live }}</ref> On 12 April, a clash in Kushtia between factions of the ruling Awami League, related to support for Haque, resulted in 25 injuries.<ref>{{Cite news |date=12 April 2021 |title=Comment on Mamunul Haque: Clashes Between A-League Groups and Destruction of Homes |url=https://www.dailynayadiganta.com/khulna/575399/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B2-%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%95-%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A7%9F%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF-%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%98%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B7-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%9C%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%98%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B0 |work=Daily Naya Diganta |access-date=2 September 2024 |archive-date=13 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221113100825/https://www.dailynayadiganta.com/khulna/575399/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B2-%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%95-%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A7%9F%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF-%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%98%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B7-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%9C%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%98%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B0 |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Marriage controversy and rape acquittal ===
On 3 April 2021, Haque was surrounded and detained by locals and activists of the [[Bangladesh Chhatra League]] at the Royal Tulip Sea Pearl Beach Resort in [[Sonargaon]], [[Narayanganj District|Narayanganj]], where he was staying with a woman named Jannat Ara Jharna.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Mamunul Haque detained with woman at resort in Sonargaon |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/country/news/mamunul-haque-detained-woman-resort-sonargaon-2071669 |work=[[The Daily Star (Bangladesh)|The Daily Star]] |date=3 April 2021 |access-date=15 October 2024}}</ref> When questioned by the crowd and law enforcement, Haque claimed the woman was his second wife, married via a verbal contract, though he initially identified her by a different name. The incident triggered a nationwide controversy and circulated widely on social media, raising questions about his moral conduct.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Mamunul's resort incident sparks debate |url=https://www.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/politics/247950/analysis-mamunul-resort-fiasco-pushes-hefazat |work=[[Dhaka Tribune]] |date=5 April 2021}}</ref>

On 30 April 2021, Jharna filed a case against Haque under the Women and Children Repression Prevention Act at the Sonargaon Police Station. In the complaint, she alleged that Haque had sexually exploited her under the guise of marriage, a charge police recorded as rape.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Rape case filed against Mamunul Haque |url=https://en.prothomalo.com/bangladesh/crime-and-law/rape-case-filed-against-mamunul-haque |work=[[Prothom Alo]] |date=30 April 2021}}</ref> Haque and his legal team consistently denied the allegations, maintaining that the marriage was legitimate under Islamic law and that the case was a politically motivated fabrication by the then-ruling government to malign his reputation. On 24 October 2024, the Narayanganj Women and Children Repression Prevention Tribunal acquitted Haque of the rape charges, citing a lack of credible evidence to prove the allegations.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Mamunul Haque acquitted in rape case |url=https://bdnews24.com/bangladesh/mamunul-haque-acquitted-in-rape-case |work=[[Bdnews24.com]] |date=24 October 2024}}</ref>

Haque spent over three years in prison, primarily in solitary confinement at Keraniganj Central Jail. His defense team argued that the numerous cases were a strategy to keep him indefinitely detained. On 3 May 2024, following the granting of bail in the final pending cases against him, he was released from prison.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Hefazat leader Mamunul Haque walks out of jail after 3 years |url=https://www.observerbd.com/news.php?id=471203 |work=The Daily Observer |date=3 May 2024}}</ref> His release marked his return to active politics and religious leadership in the post-Hasina political landscape.

=== Arrest and release ===
[[File:Mamunul Haque at CMM Court, Dhaka 01.jpg|thumb|Police take Mamunul Haque to [[Chief Metropolitan Magistrate Court in Bangladesh|Chief Metropolitan Magistrate Court]] Dhaka for remand request]]
He was first arrested on 12 May 2013, for his role in leading the [[Siege of Dhaka]] on 5 May of that year.<ref name="WP82" /> His second arrest took place in the lead-up to the [[2018 Bangladeshi general election]].<ref name="WP82" /> On 18 April 2021, he was arrested for a third time and remained in custody for 1,110 days before being released on bail on 3 May 2024.<ref>{{Cite news |date=3 May 2024 |title=Reasons for Mamunul Haque's 1,110-Day Imprisonment |url=https://www.jugantor.com/national/801151/%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AC-%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%87-%E0%A7%A7%E0%A7%A7%E0%A7%A7%E0%A7%A6-%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8-%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%9B%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8-%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B2-%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%95 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.org/details/www.jugantor.comnational801151 |archive-date=12 September 2024 |work=[[Jugantor]]}}</ref> According to ''[[BBC Bangla]]'', there are 41 cases filed against him.<ref name=":BBC">{{Cite news |last=Shovra |first=Soumitra |date=3 May 2024 |title=Insights into Mamunul Haque's Recent Release |url=https://www.bbc.com/bengali/articles/c1rv504q115o |work=BBC Bangla |access-date=4 September 2024 |archive-date=28 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240828114319/https://www.bbc.com/bengali/articles/c1rv504q115o |url-status=live }}</ref> His lawyer contends that these charges are politically motivated.<ref name=":BBC" /> The 18 April 2021, arrest was initially for the alleged theft of a wallet and mobile phone from within a mosque.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mizan |first=Rudra |date=19 April 2021 |title=Wallet and Mobile Theft Case Against Mamunul |url=https://m.mzamin.com/article.php?mzamin=270816 |work=[[Manab Zamin]] |access-date=4 September 2024 |archive-date=14 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220914121125/https://m.mzamin.com/article.php?mzamin=270816 |url-status=live }}</ref> Later, on 30 April, a rape charge was added.<ref name=":BBC" /> Additionally, he has been implicated in a murder case dating back to 2013.<ref name=":BBC" /> Following the fall of [[Fifth Hasina ministry|Sheikh Hasina's government]], he engaged in discussions with the newly formed interim administration, seeking the withdrawal of what he claims are unfounded charges against him.<ref name=":JU31" />
=== Advocacy for the release of Mamunul Haque ===
[[File:Placard reading 'Want release' for Mamunul Haque shown by Dhaka protesters.jpg|thumb|Placard reading 'Want release' for Mamunul Haque shown by Dhaka protesters]]
On 18 April, during a protest in [[Bagerhat]], a mob assaulted five police officers in response to the arrest of Haque.<ref>{{Cite news |date=19 April 2021 |title=Hefazat Workers Attack Leaves Five Policemen, Including OC, Injured |url=https://www.jagonews24.com/m/country/news/660176 |access-date=4 September 2024 |archive-date=13 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221113100829/https://www.jagonews24.com/m/country/news/660176 |url-status=live }}</ref> From then on, there were widespread calls for his release from various organizations and individuals, including Hefazat-e-Islam Bangladesh and Bangladesh Khelafat Majlis. [[Bangladesh Nationalist Party]] MP [[Harunur Rashid (Chapai Nawabganj politician)|Harunur Rashid]] raised the issue in Parliament on 16 June.<ref>{{Cite news |date=16 June 2024 |title=BNP Urges Parliament for the Release of Clerics |url=https://m.dailyinqilab.com/article/390042/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B0 |work=Daily Inqilab |access-date=4 September 2024 |archive-date=4 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240904193241/https://m.dailyinqilab.com/article/390042/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B0 |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Zafrullah Chowdhury]] threatened a blockade of the [[High Court Division, Supreme Court of Bangladesh|High Court]] with 10,000 people on 3 July, citing inhumane treatment and the denial of family visits, while [[Nurul Haq Nur]] of [[Gono Odhikar Parishad]] and [[Mahmudur Rahman Manna]] of Nagorik Oikya warned that his detention was part of a broader crackdown on Islamic scholars.<ref>{{Cite news |date=3 July 2022 |title=Jafarullah, Manna, and Noor Urge Mamunul Haque's Release Before Eid |url=https://www.banglatribune.com/politics/other-politics/751661/%E0%A6%88%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%87-%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B2-%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF-%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8 |work=Bangla Tribune |access-date=4 September 2024 |archive-date=9 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220809203627/https://www.banglatribune.com/politics/other-politics/751661/%E0%A6%88%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%87-%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B2-%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF-%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8 |url-status=live }}</ref> Other groups like [[Gano Forum]] and AB Party also joined in these demands.<ref>{{Cite news |date=3 July 2022 |title=Zafrullah Announces High Court Siege with 10,000 Protesters |url=https://www.prothomalo.com/politics/%E0%A7%A7%E0%A7%A6-%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%95-%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F-%E0%A6%98%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%93%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%98%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%A3%E0%A6%BE-%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AB%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%B0 |work=Prothom Alo |access-date=4 September 2024 |archive-date=11 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220711234255/https://www.prothomalo.com/politics/%E0%A7%A7%E0%A7%A6-%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%95-%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F-%E0%A6%98%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%93%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%98%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%A3%E0%A6%BE-%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AB%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%B0 |url-status=live }}</ref> The Bangladesh Khilafat Jubo Majlis organized prayers on 6 January 2023,<ref>{{Cite news |date=6 January 2023 |title=Jubo Majlis Organizes Prayer Session for Mamunul Haque's Release |url=https://www.dailynayadiganta.com/politics/718471/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B2-%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF-%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%9F-%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8B%E0%A7%9F%E0%A6%BE-%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%AB%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2 |work=Daily Naya Diganta |access-date=4 September 2024 |archive-date=4 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240904193526/https://www.dailynayadiganta.com/politics/718471/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B2-%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF-%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%9F-%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8B%E0%A7%9F%E0%A6%BE-%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%AB%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2 |url-status=live }}</ref> and nationwide protests on 29 January,<ref>{{Cite news |date=29 January 2023 |title=Call for Mamunul Haque's Release |url=https://www.dailynayadiganta.com/more-news/723859/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B2-%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF-%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF |work=Daily Naya Diganta |access-date=4 September 2024 |archive-date=4 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240904194229/https://www.dailynayadiganta.com/more-news/723859/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B2-%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF-%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF |url-status=live }}</ref> while Hefazat-e-Islam's Amir, [[Muhibbullah Babunagari]], demanded his release after a 18 June meeting.<ref>{{Cite news |date=18 June 2023 |title=Hefazat-e-Islam Head Seeks Immediate Release of Mamunul Haque and Leaders |url=https://www.dailynayadiganta.com/more-news/756296/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B2-%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%B9-%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF-%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF-%E0%A6%B9%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AB%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%A4-%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0 |work=Daily Naya Diganta |access-date=4 September 2024 |archive-date=22 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230622124110/https://www.dailynayadiganta.com/more-news/756296/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B2-%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%B9-%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF-%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF-%E0%A6%B9%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AB%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%A4-%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0 |url-status=live }}</ref> As the situation escalated, Sheikh al-Hadith Parishad threatened severe action by 20 August,<ref>{{Cite news |date=20 August 2023 |title=Sheikh al-Hadith Parishad Threatens Strict Action Over Scholars' Detention |url=https://www.prothomalo.com/bangladesh/0231m6egs3 |work=Prothom Alo |access-date=4 September 2024 |archive-date=25 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230825041602/https://www.prothomalo.com/bangladesh/0231m6egs3 |url-status=live }}</ref> and Hefazat-e-Islam convened an Ulama-Mashayekh conference on 26 October, giving a 30 November ultimatum for his release.<ref>{{Cite news |date=26 October 2023 |title=Hefazat's Ultimatum Demands Release of Activists |url=https://www.dailynayadiganta.com/first-page/786852/%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF-%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%B9%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AB%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE |work=Daily Naya Diganta |access-date=4 September 2024 |archive-date=8 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240808211043/https://www.dailynayadiganta.com/first-page/786852/%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF-%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%B9%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AB%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE |url-status=live }}</ref> Continued efforts included a march in Dhaka on 3 November by the Bangladesh Khilafat Jubo Majlis, followed by protests on 10 November and a student rally on 8 November,<ref>{{Cite news |date=3 November 2023 |title=Call for Nationwide Protests Demanding the Release of Mamunul Haque |url=https://www.dailynayadiganta.com/politics/788745/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B2-%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE-%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95 |work=Daily Naya Diganta |access-date=4 September 2024 |archive-date=4 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240904194212/https://www.dailynayadiganta.com/politics/788745/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B2-%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE-%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95 |url-status=live }}</ref> culminating in a mass rally planned for 29 December by Hefazat-e-Islam.<ref>{{Cite news |date=9 December 2023 |title=Hefazat Grand Conference in Dhaka on December 29 |url=https://www.jugantor.com/todays-paper/city/749227/%E0%A7%A8%E0%A7%AF-%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%A2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%9F-%E0%A6%B9%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AB%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B6 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240912191215/https://www.jugantor.com/todays-paper/city/749227/%E0%A7%A8%E0%A7%AF-%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%A2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%9F-%E0%A6%B9%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AB%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B6 |archive-date=12 September 2024 |work=Jugantor |access-date=4 September 2024 }}</ref> The Bangladesh Khelafat Majlis set a deadline of 17 March 2024, for stricter measures if Haque was not released before Eid,<ref>{{Cite news |date=17 March 2024 |title=Strict Measures if Maulana Mamunul Haque is Not Released Before Eid |url=https://www.dailynayadiganta.com/politics/822056/%E0%A6%88%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%93%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE-%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B2-%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF-%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE-%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%A0%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BF |work=Daily Naya Diganta |access-date=4 September 2024 |archive-date=7 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240807033832/https://www.dailynayadiganta.com/politics/822056/%E0%A6%88%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%93%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE-%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B2-%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF-%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE-%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%A0%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BF |url-status=live }}</ref> with a sit-in by the Bangladesh Khilafat Chhatra Majlis on the same day.<ref>{{Cite news |date=17 March 2024 |title=Students Threaten to Protest if Mamunul Haque Remains Detained |url=https://www.dailynayadiganta.com/city/821863/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B2-%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF-%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE-%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%9B%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE-%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%A5%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%87 |work=Daily Naya Diganta |access-date=4 September 2024 |archive-date=4 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240904193622/https://www.dailynayadiganta.com/city/821863/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B2-%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF-%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE-%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%9B%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE-%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%A5%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%87 |url-status=live }}</ref> Ultimately, Haque was released on 3 May, and in his first public speech, he vowed to continue his mission until what he described as the "flag of Allah" was raised,<ref>{{Cite news |date=3 May 2024 |title=Mamunul Haque's Commitment Following Jail Release |url=https://www.jugantor.com/politics/801198/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2-%E0%A6%A5%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A7%9F%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%87-%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%B9%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8-%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B2-%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%95 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.org/details/httpswww.jugantor.compolitics801198 |archive-date=12 September 2024 |work=Jugantor}}</ref> with Hefazat-e-Islam Bangladesh hosting a reception for him in Dhaka on 10 July.<ref>{{Cite news |date=10 July 2024 |title=Ceremony Honoring Six Jailed Leaders, Including Mamunul Haque |url=https://www.dailynayadiganta.com/city/848505/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B2-%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%B9-%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4-%E0%A7%AC-%E0%A6%B9%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AB%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%A4-%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A7%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE- |work=Daily Naya Diganta |access-date=4 September 2024 |archive-date=8 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240808023053/https://www.dailynayadiganta.com/city/848505/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B2-%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%B9-%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4-%E0%A7%AC-%E0%A6%B9%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AB%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%A4-%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A7%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE- |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Views on women's rights and social reform ===
Haque advocates for the establishment of a state governed by strict [[Sharia]] law and has opposed secular gender reform initiatives in Bangladesh.<ref>{{cite news |last=Ahmed |first=Salahuddin |date=2 May 2025 |title=Bangladesh's influential Islamists promise sharia as they ready for polls |url=https://www.rfi.fr/en/international-news/20250502-bangladesh-s-influential-islamists-promise-sharia-as-they-ready-for-polls |work=[[Radio France Internationale]] |access-date=13 February 2026}}</ref> He was a prominent supporter of the [[Hefazat-e-Islam Bangladesh|Hefazat-e-Islam]] 2013 [[Hefazat-e-Islam Bangladesh#13-point demand|13-point demand]] charter, which called for the introduction of the death penalty for blasphemy, a ban on the "free mixing of sexes," and restrictions on women’s movement and public conduct.<ref>{{cite news |last=Hammadi |first=Saad |date=16 April 2013 |title=Bangladesh simmers as Islamic conservatives and progressives clash |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/apr/16/bangladesh-hefazat-e-islam-women |work=[[The Guardian]] |access-date=13 February 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=5 May 2013 |title=Hefazat's 13-point demands |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/news-details-278216 |work=[[The Daily Star (Bangladesh)|The Daily Star]] |access-date=13 February 2026}}</ref>

Following the fall of the [[Awami League]] government in 2024, Haque opposed initiatives undertaken by the interim government’s Women's Affairs Reform Commission.<ref>{{cite news |date=22 April 2025 |title=Bangladesh's Islamists seek abolition of women's commission |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/international/bangladeshs-islamists-seek-abolition-of-women-commission/article69460212.ece |work=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=13 February 2026}}</ref> In 2025, he participated in a nationwide movement calling for the commission’s dissolution. He described proposals including equal inheritance rights for women, a total ban on [[polygamy]], and the criminalization of [[marital rape]] as contrary to Islamic principles and influenced by Western secularism.<ref>{{cite news |date=3 May 2025 |title=Mamunul Haque demands cancellation of 'anti-Islamic' reform report |url=https://www.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/politics/381105/mamunul-haque-reform-commission |work=[[Dhaka Tribune]] |access-date=13 February 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=3 May 2025 |title=Islamist group in Bangladesh demands abolition of women's reform commission |url=https://www.awazthevoice.in/world-news/islamist-group-in-bangladesh-demands-abolition-of-women-s-reform-commission-33621.html |work=Awaz The Voice |access-date=13 February 2026}}</ref> At a rally in Dhaka on 3 May 2025, he stated that the commission’s report was inconsistent with Islamic teachings and argued that women’s roles should be defined according to religious tradition.<ref>{{cite news |agency=AFP |date=3 May 2025 |title=Islamists demand sharia law in Bangladesh |url=https://www.barrons.com/news/islamists-demand-sharia-law-in-bangladesh-f0f4a211 |work=[[Barron's (newspaper)|Barron's]] |access-date=13 February 2026}}</ref>

Haque has also publicly supported the introduction of a national blasphemy law providing for capital punishment, stating that the matter is non-negotiable.<ref>{{cite news |date=3 May 2025 |title=Bangladesh: Hardline groups call for blasphemy law |url=https://www.dw.com/en/bangladesh-islamists-demand-sharia-law/a-72104593 |work=[[Deutsche Welle]] |access-date=13 February 2026}}</ref> His positions on gender reform and blasphemy legislation have been criticized by human rights organizations and secular activists as discriminatory and detrimental to women's constitutional rights.<ref>{{cite web |date=5 May 2025 |title=Bangladeshi Women's Rights Under Threat from Religious Groups |url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2025/05/05/bangladeshi-womens-rights-under-threat |publisher=[[Human Rights Watch]] |access-date=13 February 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=10 May 2025 |title=Women's rights activists express alarm over Hefazat's demands |url=https://en.prothomalo.com/bangladesh/society/activists-alarmed-by-hefazat-demands |work=[[Prothom Alo]] |access-date=13 February 2026}}</ref>

=== Relations with the Taliban ===
Haque has expressed ideological support for the [[Taliban]] movement, describing their governance in Afghanistan as a model for Islamic rule. Following the [[Fall of Kabul]] in 2021, he publicly praised the movement, prompting concern from law enforcement and secular groups over potential "Talibanization" of Bangladesh.<ref>{{cite news |title='Jamaat, Hefazat-e-Islam Leaders Determined To Create Taliban State In Bangladesh': Dhaka Police |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-N1uAl8_N0M |work=[[YouTube]] |publisher=S60 |date=5 May 2021 |access-date=13 February 2026}}</ref>

In September 2025, Haque led a delegation of seven Bangladeshi Islamic scholars to [[Kabul]] at the formal invitation of the Taliban government.<ref>{{cite news |date=18 September 2025 |title=কেন হঠাৎ আফগানিস্তানে মামুনুল হক? |trans-title=Why is Mamunul Haque suddenly in Afghanistan? |work=[[Channel i]] |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T20MrbVWx60 |language=bn |access-date=13 February 2026}}</ref> During the week-long visit, the delegation met with senior Taliban officials to discuss religious education and bilateral ties. Upon his return, Haque praised the Taliban's administrative structure, describing it as a "rule-based society" governed by "Islamic discipline."<ref>{{cite news |date=30 December 2025 |title=Afghan Taliban visit Bangladesh ahead of elections |work=[[Dawn (newspaper)|Dawn]] |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1964043 |access-date=13 February 2026}}</ref>

In December 2025, Noor Ahmad Noor, a Director General at the Taliban's Ministry of Foreign Affairs, visited Bangladesh and met with Haque at his madrassa in Dhaka. Haque confirmed the meeting to international media, describing it as a private visit focused on religious seminaries and the exchange of educational ideas.<ref>{{cite news |date=29 December 2025 |title=Afghan Taliban visit Bangladesh ahead of polls |publisher=[[Agence France-Presse]] |url=https://www.indopremier.com/ipotnews/newsDetail.php?jdl=Afghan_Taliban_visit_Bangladesh_ahead_of_polls&news_id=1715845 |access-date=13 February 2026}}</ref> Critics and secular activists have described these exchanges as attempts to introduce "Taliban-style" policies and religious extremism into Bangladesh's political landscape.<ref>{{cite news |date=19 September 2025 |title=হাতে-কলমে তালেবান হওয়ার শিক্ষা নিয়ে ফিরলেন মামুনুলরা |trans-title=Mamunul and others returned with practical lessons on becoming Taliban |work=Somoy News |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AfW1XBuAH34 |language=bn |access-date=13 February 2026}}</ref>

== Literary works ==
[[File:Cover of Speaking from Prison.jpg|thumb|Debut cover of ''Speaking from Prison'', published by Bishokollan Publications]]
He serves as the editor of ''Rahmani Paigam'', a monthly magazine published in Dhaka and established by Azizul Haque in the late 1990s.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Siddique |first=Kazi Abul Kalam |date=24 February 2015 |title=Qaumi Scholars Advancing Bengali Literature |url=https://www.banglanews24.com/public/islam/news/bd/370992.details |work=Banglanews24.com |access-date=4 September 2024 |archive-date=2 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602220226/https://www.banglanews24.com/public/islam/news/bd/370992.details |url-status=live }}</ref> During his imprisonment, he authored the book ''Speaking from Prison'', which was released in September 2013.<ref name="WP82" /> His other publications include ''The Essence of Time, Scholars' Contributions to the Struggle for Freedom, An Introduction to the Caliphate System, Clarifying Misconceptions and the Fourth Clause of Hefazat-e-Islam's Women's Rights, Islamic Perspectives on the First Baisakh, Pathways to a Successful Life, Understanding Islamic Organizations and Their Purpose, The Islamic Movement: An Overview, and The Attributes of a Successful Believer.''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Author: Maulana Mamunul Haque |url=https://www.boibazar.com/author-books/Maolana-Mamunul-Haque |access-date=4 September 2024 |website=Boibazar |archive-date=10 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200710122903/https://www.boibazar.com/author-books/Maolana-Mamunul-Haque |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Post July Revolution activities ==
[[File:Mass Rally of Bangladesh Khelafat Majlis at Chittagong's Laldighi Ground, featuring Mamunul Haque.jpg|thumb|Mamunul Haque leading a Mass Rally of [[Bangladesh Khelafat Majlis]] at Chittagong's [[Lal Dighi, Chittagong|Laldighi Ground]].]]
[[File:Mamunul Haque Honored with "National Hero" Title at 85th International Islamic Conference of Al-Jamia Al-Islamia Patiya.webm|thumb|Mamunul Haque honored with "National Hero" title at 85th International Islamic Conference of [[Al Jamia Al Islamia Patiya]].]]
He expressed support for students during the [[2024 Bangladesh quota reform movement|quota reform movement]] and, on 3 August, called for the resignation of the [[Fifth Hasina ministry|Sheikh Hasina government]] following the [[July massacre|deaths of students]], accusing it of authoritarianism.<ref>{{Cite news |date=3 August 2024 |title=The Only Solution Is the Government's Resignation: Mamunul Haque |url=https://www.dailynayadiganta.com/politics/852821/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%87-%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8-%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B2-%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%95 |work=[[Daily Naya Diganta]] |access-date=1 September 2024 |archive-date=1 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240901124030/https://www.dailynayadiganta.com/politics/852821/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%87-%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8-%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B2-%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%95 |url-status=live }}</ref> He claimed that the people had united against what he described as a [[Fascism|fascist]] regime, which reportedly weakened when Sheikh Hasina left for India amid the [[Non-cooperation movement (2024)|August 5 protests]]. After the government's fall, he met with the [[Waker-Uz-Zaman|Chief of Army Staff]] and later with the [[Mohammed Shahabuddin|President]] to discuss forming an interim government, stating that the President had assumed leadership with military support.<ref>{{Cite news |date=6 August 2024 |title=Mamunul Haque's Statement Following Meeting with the President |url=https://www.ittefaq.com.bd/695517/%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%99%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%88%E0%A6%A0%E0%A6%95-%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE-%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8-%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B2-%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%95 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.org/details/www.ittefaq.com.bd695517e0a6b0e0a6bee0a6b7e0a78de0a69fe0a78de0a6b0e0a6aae0a6a4e0 |archive-date=12 September 2024 |work=[[The Daily Ittefaq|Ittefaq]]}}</ref> He described the post-Hasina period as the nation's "second independence".<ref>{{Cite news |date=9 August 2024 |title=Bangladesh Achieved Second Independence on August 5: Mamunul Haque |url=https://www.dailynayadiganta.com/dhaka/854436/%E0%A7%AB-%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F-%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%80%E0%A7%9F-%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BE-%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%87%E0%A7%9F%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9B%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B6-%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%93%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE-%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B2-%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%95 |work=Daily Naya Diganta |access-date=1 September 2024 |archive-date=1 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240901124030/https://www.dailynayadiganta.com/dhaka/854436/%E0%A7%AB-%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F-%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%80%E0%A7%9F-%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BE-%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%87%E0%A7%9F%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9B%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B6-%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%93%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE-%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B2-%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%95 |url-status=live }}</ref> On 7 August, he met with former Prime Minister [[Khaleda Zia]],<ref>{{Cite news |date=7 August 2024 |title=Mamunul Haque's Meeting with Khaleda Zia |url=https://www.rtvonline.com/politics/285376 |work=[[RTV (Bangladeshi TV channel)|RTV]] |access-date=1 September 2024 |archive-date=1 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240901124031/https://www.rtvonline.com/politics/285376 |url-status=live }}</ref> and the next day, the [[Yunus ministry]] was established, with [[A F M Khalid Hossain]] joining as a representative of Hefazat-e-Islam.<ref>{{Cite news |date=8 August 2024 |title=A F M Khalid Hossain, Vice President of Hefazat in the Interim Government |url=https://www.jagonews24.com/m/national/news/959907 |work=[[Jagonews24.com]] |access-date=1 September 2024 |archive-date=4 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240904193537/https://www.jagonews24.com/m/more/details?id=959893&did=2 |url-status=live }}</ref> He called for Sheikh Hasina to be brought back for trial and urged other nations not to offer her refuge.<ref>{{Cite news |date=21 August 2024 |title=Hasina will not be given shelter anywhere in the world: Mamunul Haque |url=https://www.dailyjanakantha.com/bangladesh/news/730622 |work=[[Janakantha]] |access-date=1 September 2024 |archive-date=4 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240904193528/https://www.dailyjanakantha.com/bangladesh/news/730622 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=22 August 2024 |title=Sheikh Hasina must be arrested and tried for genocide: Mamunul Haque |url=https://www.desh.tv/country-news/43579 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241004105541/https://www.desh.tv/country-news/43579 |archive-date=4 October 2024 |work=[[Desh TV]] |access-date=1 September 2024 }}</ref> On 31 August, during discussions with the interim head [[Muhammad Yunus]] demanded an investigation into the [[Shapla Square massacre]] under the previous regime and called for the dismissal of cases against leaders of aligned parties, including Hefazat-e-Islam, within a month. He emphasized the need for timely elections and proposed reforms, including broad voter representation in national elections, reallocating parliamentary seats based on vote percentages, and restructuring the [[Bangladesh Election Commission]] with impartial individuals. Additionally, he proposed decentralizing the Prime Minister's power, limiting the Prime Minister's tenure to two terms, ensuring judicial independence through a Judicial Council, reforming the education system to align with Islamic principles, and keeping the [[Bangladesh Police]] and administration free from government control. He also advocated against enacting laws or policies that conflict with the ''[[Quran]]'' and [[Sunnah]].<ref name=":JU31">{{Cite news |date=31 August 2024 |title=Mamunul Haque's 6 Demands to the Interim Government |url=https://www.jugantor.com/politics/845317/%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%80-%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9B%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B2-%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A7%AC-%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.org/details/www.jugantor.compolitics845317 |archive-date=12 September 2024 |work=[[Jugantor]]}}</ref> During a speech marking the one-month anniversary of the fall of the Sheikh Hasina regime, he criticized the [[Constitution of Bangladesh|1972 constitution]], describing it as not representing the will of the common people and as having been imposed by India. He argued that the current constitution, which he called a "constitution of slavery," would not suffice in a free country. He insisted that a new constitution should reflect the aspirations and intentions of the majority of the population.<ref>{{Cite news |date=5 September 2024 |title=The 1972 Constitution Was an Indian-Imposed Slave Constitution |url=https://www.jugantor.com/country-news/847624 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240926014722/https://www.jugantor.com/country-news/847624 |archive-date=26 September 2024 |work=[[Jugantor]]}}</ref> In another gathering, he stated that the ultimate goal of this "August revolution" would be the establishment of Islamic principles in Bangladesh, which he believed would lead to the revolution's success.<ref>{{Cite news |date=15 September 2024 |title=The Result of the August Revolution Will Be an Islamic Revolution in Bangladesh: Mamunul Haque |url=https://www.banglatribune.com/country/rangpur/863269/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%82%E0%A7%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4-%E0%A6%AB%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%B2-%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240926014747/https://www.banglatribune.com/country/rangpur/863269/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%82%E0%A7%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4-%E0%A6%AB%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%B2-%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0 |archive-date=26 September 2024 |work=[[Bangla Tribune]]}}</ref> On 20 September, he issued a 24-hour ultimatum to [[Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (Bangladesh)|Information Advisor]] [[Nahid Islam]] to address the restrictions placed on him on [[YouTube]] and [[Facebook]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=21 September 2024 |title=Mamunul Haque Sets 24-Hour Ultimatum for Information Advisor |url=https://www.jugantor.com/politics/855107 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240926014928/https://www.jugantor.com/politics/855107 |archive-date=26 September 2024 |work=[[Jugantor]]}}</ref> On 26 September, he called for the expulsion of atheists, apostates, and leftist members from the 10-member coordination committee formed by the [[Ministry of Education (Bangladesh)|Ministry of Education]] on 15 September, advocating for the inclusion of Islamic educators to facilitate the textbook revision process.<ref>{{Cite news |date=26 September 2024 |title=Atheism will not be tolerated in education system: Mamunul Haque |url=https://www.jagonews24.com/country/news/971006 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240929200811/https://www.jagonews24.com/amp/971006 |archive-date=29 September 2024 |work=[[Jagonews24.com]]}}</ref> On the 100th anniversary of the fall of the [[Ottoman Caliphate]], he remarked that the event was not just a political loss but a significant blow to the unity of the [[Ummah|Muslim Ummah]], lamenting that the Muslim world had been leaderless for a century.<ref>{{Cite news |date=28 September 2024 |title=We have been leaderless for a hundred years: Mamunul Haque |url=https://www.jagonews24.com/m/politics/news/971238 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240929201220/https://www.jagonews24.com/m/politics/news/971238 |archive-date=29 September 2024 |work=[[Jagonews24.com]]}}</ref> On 1 October, he was interviewed by ''[[Bangla Tribune]]'', where he discussed a broad range of topics, including the Qawmi Madrasa certificate, the 24 Uprising, the participation of Qawmi Madrasa students in the movement, contemporary Islamic politics, future aspirations, his arrest, current political challenges, ideological distinctions, religious content in textbooks, attacks on Hindu communities, the destruction of religious shrines, and the Royal Resort incident.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Shakeel |first=Salman Tareq |date=3 October 2024 |title=Hefazat to Submit List of Shapla Square Victims for International Tribunal Case |url=https://www.banglatribune.com/others/interview/866271/%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE-%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE-%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%B9%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AB%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%A4-%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE-%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%87 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20241006042414/https://www.banglatribune.com/others/interview/866271/%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE-%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE-%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%B9%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AB%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%A4-%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE-%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%87 |archive-date=6 October 2024 |work=Bangla Tribune}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Shakeel |first=Salman Tareq |date=4 October 2024 |title=Bangladesh Shifts Towards Tolerance and Moderation |url=https://www.banglatribune.com/others/interview/866403/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B6-%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%96%E0%A6%A8-%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%B2-%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A5%E0%A6%BF |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20241006042436/https://www.banglatribune.com/amp/others/interview/866403/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B6-%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%96%E0%A6%A8-%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%B2-%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A5%E0%A6%BF |archive-date=6 October 2024 |work=Bangla Tribune}}</ref> On 5 October, he met again with interim head Muhammad Yunus and warned him about ongoing conspiracies.<ref>{{Cite news |date=5 October 2024 |title=Mamunul Haque Raises Alarm Over Conspiracy to Interim Head |url=https://www.rtvonline.com/politics/294268 |work=[[RTV (Bangladeshi TV channel)|RTV]] |access-date=6 October 2024 |archive-date=6 October 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241006041610/https://www.rtvonline.com/politics/294268 |url-status=live }}</ref> That same day, the Awami League-linked committee dismissed a [[Chapai Nawabganj District|Chapai Nawabganj]] imam for criticizing the regime's treatment of Mamunul Haque in a sermon.<ref>{{Cite news |date=7 October 2024 |title=Khatib Dismissed After Discussing Allama Saedee and Mamunul Haque |url=https://www.kalerkantho.com/online/country-news/2024/10/06/1432455 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20241013060646/https://www.kalerkantho.com/online/country-news/2024/10/06/1432455 |archive-date=13 October 2024 |work=Kaler Kantho}}</ref> He urged the political parties, students, and the public to remain united in opposition to fascism, stating that their solidarity should be as strong as a "lead wall."<ref>{{Cite news |date=24 October 2024 |title=Anti-fascist unity must remain strong |url=https://www.bd-pratidin.com/first-page/2024/10/24/1042026 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20241101032147/https://www.bd-pratidin.com/first-page/2024/10/24/1042026 |archive-date=1 November 2024 |work=[[Bangladesh Pratidin]]}}</ref> On 23 October, he pressed the interim government to announce an election roadmap promptly.<ref>{{Cite news |date=24 October 2024 |title=Call for Election Roadmap Issuance by Mamunul Haque |url=https://www.kalerkantho.com/print-edition/last-page/2024/10/24/1438543 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20241101032156/https://www.kalerkantho.com/print-edition/last-page/2024/10/24/1438543 |archive-date=1 November 2024 |work=[[Kaler Kantho]]}}</ref> On 29 November, he accused [[International Society for Krishna Consciousness|ISKCON]] of collaborating with India and the Awami League, alleging their involvement in lawyer Saiful Islam's murder in Chittagong, while demanding a ban on the organization and justice for the killing.<ref>{{Cite news |date=29 November 2024 |title=India-Awami League Nexus Behind ISKCON Operations, Says Mamunul Haque |url=https://www.dailyjanakantha.com/politics/news/748382 |work=[[Janakantha]] |archive-date=4 December 2024 |access-date=1 December 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241204142818/https://www.dailyjanakantha.com/politics/news/748382 |url-status=live }}</ref> On 4 December, he participated in an all-party meeting with Muhammad Yunus, where he discussed strategies to address India's regional policies and advocated for stronger alliances with Bangladesh's regional partners to resist Indian actions and foreign policy.<ref>{{Cite news |date=4 December 2024 |title=Mamunul Haque Advocates for Friendships with India's Opponents |url=https://samakal.com/politics/article/268678/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE-%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%96%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8-%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9B%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%99%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC-%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%87:-%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B2-%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%95 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20241204224742/https://samakal.com/politics/article/268678/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE-%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%96%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8-%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9B%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%99%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC-%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%87:-%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B2-%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%95 |archive-date=4 December 2024 |work=Samakal}}</ref> On 12 December, he stated that no national elections could take place in Bangladesh without addressing past incidents of violence, disappearances, and killings over the preceding 16 years, including those linked to the [[July Revolution (Bangladesh)|Student–People's uprising]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Uddin |first=Salah |date=12 December 2024 |title=Mamunul Haque: No Elections Without Accountability for Massacres |url=https://www.bd-pratidin.com/minister-spake/2024/12/12/1060681 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241213111308/https://www.bd-pratidin.com/minister-spake/2024/12/12/1060681 |archive-date=13 December 2024 |work=Bangladesh Pratidin}}</ref> On 18 December, a young man was arrested for posting a disrespectful comment about Haque on Facebook.<ref>{{Cite news |date=19 December 2024 |title=Youth Arrested Over Controversial Facebook Post About Mamunul Haque |url=https://www.kalerkantho.com/online/country-news/2024/12/19/1458967 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20241228062405/https://www.kalerkantho.com/online/country-news/2024/12/19/1458967 |archive-date=28 December 2024 |work=[[Kaler Kantho]]}}</ref> That same day, he held the [[Saad Kandhlawi]] faction of the [[Tablighi Jamaat]] responsible for a clash in [[Tongi]] that left four dead and called for the faction to be banned.<ref>{{Cite news |date=18 December 2024 |title=Mamunul Haque Labels Saad Followers as Terrorists, Seeks Ban |url=https://www.prothomalo.com/bangladesh/0mbablcrz7 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241225060358/https://www.prothomalo.com/amp/story/bangladesh/0mbablcrz7 |archive-date=25 December 2024 |work=Prothom Alo}}</ref> On January 11, 2025, he was elected Amir of Bangladesh Khelafat Majlis, with Jalaluddin Ahmad succeeding him as Secretary-General.<ref>{{Cite news |date=11 January 2025 |title=Mamunul Haque Elected as Amir of Bangladesh Khelafat Majlis |url=https://www.prothomalo.com/politics/cnjo2tnfew |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250111170200/https://www.prothomalo.com/amp/story/politics/cnjo2tnfew |archive-date=11 January 2025 |work=Prothom Alo}}</ref> On April 2025, Haque strongly opposed the recommendations of the Women's Affairs Reform Commission, established by the interim government, which proposed reforms such as altering [[Islamic inheritance jurisprudence|Islamic inheritance laws]], recognizing sex work, and identifying religion as a source of gender discrimination. Haque condemned the report as offensive to the religious sentiments of the majority Muslim population and demanded its suspension and legal action against those responsible.<ref>{{Cite news |date=28 April 2025 |title=Mamunul Haque Calls for Withdrawal of Women’s Affairs Reform Commission Report |url=https://www.prothomalo.com/bangladesh/district/y58his8ajl |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250429043337/https://www.prothomalo.com/amp/story/bangladesh/district/y58his8ajl |archive-date=29 April 2025 |work=[[Prothom Alo]]}}</ref> On 25 May, he met with the Chief Adviser to express concerns about the slow progress of government reforms, demanded transparency, and called for visible judicial action against former officials for past political violence. He also urged that decisions regarding strategic infrastructure projects like ports be made in consultation with political stakeholders.<ref>{{Cite news |date=26 May 2025 |title=What Mamunul Haque said after the meeting with the chief advisor |url=https://www.channel24bd.tv/politics/article/268603/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A7%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8-%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%99%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%88%E0%A6%A0%E0%A6%95-%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8-%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B2-%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%95 |work=[[Channel 24 (Bangladeshi TV channel)|Channel 24]]}}</ref> On 28 May, during a seminar organized by several BNP-affiliated groups, Haque advised BNP leaders to avoid confrontation with Islamist factions and to promote cooperation in future political initiatives.<ref>{{Cite news |date=28 May 2015 |title=Mamunul Haque reminds of BNP's 'historical mistake' |url=https://dhakamail.com/politics/232436 |work=[[Dhaka Mail]] |archive-date=24 June 2025 |access-date=4 June 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250624223838/https://dhakamail.com/politics/232436 |url-status=live }}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[List of Deobandis]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== Further reading ==
* {{Cite news |last=Zahid |first=Salim |date=20 August 2025 |title=Special Interview: Maulana Mamunul Haque |url=https://www.prothomalo.com/politics/ao9guxb21x |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250829091805/https://www.prothomalo.com/amp/story/politics/ao9guxb21x |archive-date=29 August 2025 |work=[[Prothom Alo]]}}
* {{Cite news |last=Ghazali |first=Tofail |date=9 September 2025 |title=Islamic Parties Will Form a Strong Position in the Upcoming Election |url=https://www.jugantor.com/politics/1000630 |work=[[Jugantor]]}}

== External links ==
{{Sister project links|wikt=no|n=no}}
{{Hanafi scholars}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Deobandis]]
[[Category:Hanafis]]
[[Category:1973 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from Dhaka]]
[[Category:Bangladeshi editors]]
[[Category:Bangladeshi Islamic religious leaders]]
[[Category:Bangladeshi Sunni Muslim scholars of Islam]]
[[Category:20th-century Muslim scholars of Islam]]
[[Category:21st-century Bangladeshi male writers]]
[[Category:Jamia Rahmania Arabia alumni]]
[[Category:Asian University of Bangladesh alumni]]
[[Category:Disciples of Shah Ahmad Shafi]]
[[Category:Hefazat-e-Islam Bangladesh leaders]]
[[Category:Bangladesh Khelafat Majlis politicians]]
[[Category:Quran memorizers]]

Tropic of Cancer Science Park

2026-03-16T12:25:39Z

Felipa7295: added initial details first draft

{{Short description|Science museum in Gujarat, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2023}}
{{Dmy|date=March 2026|cs1-dates=ly}}
{{Infobox museum
| name = Tropic of Cancer Science Park
| logo =
| logo_upright =
| logo_alt =
| logo_caption =
| image =
| image_upright =
| alt =
| caption =
| map_type =
| map_relief =
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| map_dot_label =
| coordinates = {{coord|type:landmark_region:IN|display=inline,title}}
| former_name = 
| established = {{start date and age|2026|03|11|df=y}}
| dissolved = 
| location = Salal, Prantij Taluka, [[Sabarkantha district]], [[Gujarat]], India
| type = [[Science museum]]
| accreditation =
| key_holdings =
| collections =
| collection_size =
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| owner = Department of Science and Technology, [[Government of Gujarat]]
| employees =
| publictransit =
| parking = 
| website = 
| network =
| embedded = 
|mapframe-zoom = 14
}}

The '''Tropic of Cancer Science Park''' is a [[science museum]] located on National Highway-48 near Salal village in Prantij Taluka, [[Sabarkantha district]], [[Gujarat]], India. Opened in 2026, it is situated directly on the path of the [[Tropic of Cancer]]. It is developed as an educational and research facility.

==History==
The museum was first announced in the state budget of Gujarat in 2021.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-02-25 |title=Proposals for Tropic of Cancer Park sought |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/proposals-for-tropic-of-cancer-park-sought/articleshow/89812561.cms |access-date=2026-03-12 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> Initially estimated at the cost of {{INRconvert|6|c}}, the construction started on 23 October 2022.<ref name=":3">{{cite news|date=2022-10-23 |language=gu |publisher=Divya Bhaskar |title=ઇ-ખાતમુહૂર્ત: પ્રાંતિજ તાલુકાના સલાલ ગામમાં 6 કરોડના ખર્ચે સાયન્સ પાર્ક બનશે |url=https://divya-b.in/NhK4iGWclub}}</ref> It was inaugurated by the [[Chief Minister of Gujarat]], [[Bhupendra Patel]], on 11 March 2026. It was developed at an estimated cost of {{INRconvert|8|c}} by the Gujarat Council on Science and Technology (GUJCOST) and is operated by the Department of Science and Technology of the [[Government of Gujarat]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=DeshGujarat |date=2026-03-11 |title=Tropic of Cancer Science Park at Salal in Sabarkantha Inaugurated |url=https://deshgujarat.com/2026/03/11/tropic-of-cancer-science-park-at-salal-in-sabarkantha-inaugurated/ |access-date=2026-03-12 |website=DeshGujarat |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Sandesh |title=Sabarkantha News : સાબરકાંઠાના સલાલ ખાતે મુખ્યમંત્રી ભૂપેન્દ્ર પટેલે ટ્રોપિક ઓફ કેન્સર સાયન્સ પાર્કનું ઉદ્ઘાટન કર્યું |url=https://sandesh.com/gujarat/news/maru-saher-maru-gaam/prantij/sabarkantha-news-chief-minister-bhupendra-patel-inaugurated-the-tropic-of-cancer-science-park-at-salal-sabarkantha |access-date=2026-03-12 |website=Sandesh |language=gu}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=CM opens Tropic of Cancer park in Sabarkantha |url=https://www.ahmedabadmirror.com/cm-opens-tropic-of-cancer-park-in-sabarkantha/81909626.html |access-date=2026-03-12 |website=Ahmedabad Mirror |language=en}}</ref>

==Features==
The museum covers an area of {{convert|5930|m2|ft2}}. It is designed to serve as an educational and research facility as well as the science tourism hub. It is situated directly on the path where the [[Tropic of Cancer]] passes through the region.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" />

There is a 25-metre high and 8-metre wide Tropic of Cancer Tower as well as a sundial. There are engineering, physics, geography and life science galleries in an exhibition hall spread over an area of {{convert|800| m}}.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |last=Bharatvarsh |first=TV9 |date=2024-12-10 |title=इस राज्य में बना ऐसा साइंस पार्क, जहां से गुजरती है कर्क रेखा; यहां क्या है खास? |url=https://www.tv9hindi.com/state/gujarat/indias-first-science-park-tropic-of-cancer-in-gujarat-going-to-open-in-january-2025-stwv-2990144.html |access-date=2026-03-12 |website=TV9 Bharatvarsh |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-03-11 |title=CM Shri Bhupendra Patel gifts 1,999 development projects worth ₹72 crore to the district from Navalpur, Sabarkantha |url=https://cmogujarat.gov.in/en/latest-news/cm-bhupendra-patel-1999-development-projects-sabarkantha |website=CMO Gujarat}}</ref> It features exhibits on the scientific, astronomical and geographical importance of the [[Tropic of Cancer]] as well as [[geocoordinates]]. The exhibits on the Earth-Sun relationship, seasons and related scientific topics are also displayed.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" />

It remains open to visitors daily from 9:00 am to 6:00 pm.<ref name=":0" />

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Science museums in India]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Sabarkantha district]]
[[Category:2026 establishments in India]]

Dhupguri railway station

2026-03-13T01:06:31Z

Felipa7295:

{{Short description|Railway Station in West Bengal, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2015}}
{{Infobox station
| name = DHUPGURI
| type = [[File:Indian_Railways_Suburban_Railway_Logo.svg|25px]] [[Indian Railways]] Station
| style = Indian Railways
| image = [[File:Indian_Railways_Suburban_Railway_Logo.svg|150px]]
| image_size =
| image_caption = Indian Railway logo
| address = Maynaguri road, NH 31, Dhupguri, Ph : 03563-250056, Dist - Jalpaiguri
State: West Bengal
| country = India
| coordinates = {{coord|26.5821|89.0051|type:railwaystation_region:IN|display=inline}}
| elevation = {{convert|77|m|ft}}
| line =
[[Barauni–Guwahati line]], [[New Jalpaiguri–New Bongaigaon section]]
| other =
| structure = [[Intersection (road)#At grade railways|At grade]]
| platform = 3
| tracks = 5 (broad gauge)
| parking = Available
| bicycle =
| opened =
| closed =
| rebuilt =
| electrified = Yes
| code = {{Indian railway code
| code = DQG
| zone = [[Northeast Frontier Railway zone]]
| division = [[Alipurduar railway division|Alipurduar]]
}}
| owned = [[Indian Railways]]
| operator = [[Northeast Frontier Railway zone]]
| status = Functioning
| former =
| passengers =
| pass_year =
| pass_percent =
| pass_system =
| map_dot_label = '''Dhupguri Railway Station'''
| map_size = 300
| map_type = India West Bengal#India
| map_caption = Location in [[West Bengal]]##Location in India
}}
[[File:Dhupguri_Station_Platform.JPG|thumb|right|alt=Photograph of the station platform and train tracks|Platform of Dhupaguri Railway Station in Jalpaiguri district]]
'''Dhupguri Railway Station'''<ref>{{Cite web|title=Arrivals at DQG/Dhupguri (3 PFs)|url=https://indiarailinfo.com/arrivals/dhupguri-dqg/552|website=indiarailinfo.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=List of Trains at Dhupguri (DQG)|url=https://m.etrain.info/station/Dhupguri-DQG/all|website=etrain.info}}</ref> is one of the major railway station between [[New Jalpaiguri Junction railway station|New Jalpaiguri]] & [[New Cooch Behar]] which serves the city of [[Dhupguri]] in [[Jalpaiguri district]] of [[West Bengal]]. The station lies on the [[New Jalpaiguri–New Bongaigaon section]] of [[Barauni–Guwahati line]] of [[Northeast Frontier Railway]]. The station lies on [[Alipurduar railway division]].

==Trains==
No of halting trains: 44

===Major trains===
* [[Silchar–Coimbatore Superfast Express]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Silchar-Coimbatore Express|url=https://www.confirmtkt.com/train-schedule/12516-SCL-CBE-EXPRESS|website=confirmtkt.com}}</ref>
*[[Aronai Express|Thiruvananthapuram - Silchar Aronai Superfast Express]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Tiruvananthapuram-Silchar Express|url=http://amp.indiarailinfo.com/train/-train-silchar-thiruvananthapuram-express-12516/516/1053/59|website=indiarailinfo.com}}</ref>
*[[Lokmanya Tilak Terminus - Dibrugarh Express]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Lokmanya Tilak Terminus-Guwahati Express via Katihar|url=https://indiarailinfo.com/train/-train-mumbai-ltt-guwahati-express-via-katihar-15645/587/466/546|website=indiarailinfo.com}}</ref>
*[[Kamakhya–Shri Mata Vaishno Devi Katra Express]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=15655/Kamakhya - Shri Mata Vaishno Devi Katra Express|url=https://indiarailinfo.com/train/-train-kamakhya-shri-mata-vaishno-devi-katra-express-15655/23108/547/10091|website=indiarailinfo.com}}</ref>
*[[Saraighat Express|Guwahati - Howrah Saraighat Superfast Express]]
*[[Avadh Assam Express|Dibrugarh - Lalgarh Avadh Assam Express]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=15609⇒15909/Avadh Assam Express (PT)|url=https://indiarailinfo.com/train/-train-avadh-assam-express-15909/95/546/336|website=indiarailinfo.com}}</ref>
*[[Lokmanya Tilak Terminus–Guwahati Express (via Malda Town)|Lokmanya Tilak Terminus – Guwahati Express]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=15647/Mumbai LTT - Guwahati Express (Via Malda Town) (PT)|url=https://indiarailinfo.com/train/-train-mumbai-ltt-guwahati-express-via-malda-town-15647/588/466/546|website=indiarailinfo.com}}</ref>
*[[Guwahati–Bengaluru Cantt. Superfast Express|Guwahati - Sir M. Visvesvaraya Terminal, Kaziranga Superfast Express]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Guwahati-Bengaluru Cantt Kaziranga Express|url=https://indiarailinfo.com/train/-train-bengaluru-cantt-guwahati-express-12509/580/996/546|website=indiarailinfo.com}}</ref>
*[[Nagaon Express|Chennai Tambaram - Silghat Town Nagaon Express]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Tambaram-Silghat Town Nagaon Express|url=https://indiarailinfo.com/train/-train-nagaon-express-15630/278/9057/780|website=indiarailinfo.com}}</ref>
*[[Amarnath Express|Guwahati - Jammu Tawi Amarnath Express]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Guwahati-Jammu Tawi Amarnath Express|url=https://indiarailinfo.com/train/-train-guwahati-jammu-tawi-amarnath-express-15653/51/546/81|website=indiarailinfo.com}}</ref>
*[[Lohit Express|Jammu - Guwahati Lohit Express]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Guwahati-Jammu Tawi Lohit Express|url=https://indiarailinfo.com/train/-train-lohit-express-15651/1007/546/81|website=indiarailinfo.com}}</ref>
*[[New Tinsukia–Tambaram Express]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Dibrugarh Tambaram Express|url=https://indiarailinfo.com/train/-train-dibrugarh-tambaram-weekly-express-15930/279/7288/780|website=indiarailinfo.com}}</ref>
*[[Sealdah–Sabroom Kanchanjunga Express]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sealdah Agartala Kanchanjunga Express|url=https://indiarailinfo.com/train/-train-agartala-sealdah-kanchanjunga-festival-special-03174/129105/3651/325|website=indiarailinfo.com}}</ref>
*[[Sealdah–Silchar Kanchenjunga Express]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sealdah Silchar Kanchanjunga Express|url=https://indiarailinfo.com/train/-train-kanchanjunga-express-13175/40941/325/1053|website=indiarailinfo.com}}</ref>
*[[Kamrup Express|Dibrugarh - Howrah Kamrup Express via Guwahati]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Dibrugarh Howrah Kamrup Express|url=https://indiarailinfo.com/train/-train-kamrup-special-via-guwahati-05959/128197/1/7288|website=indiarailinfo.com}}</ref>
*[[Kamrup Express|Dibrugarh – Howrah Kamrup Express Via Rangapara North]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Dibrugarh Howrah Kamrup Express via Rangapara North|url=http://amp.indiarailinfo.com/train/-train-kamrup-express-via-rangapara-north-15961/161111/1/7288|website=indiarailinfo.com}}</ref>
*[[Jivachh Link Express|Dibrugarh - Darbhanga Jivacch Link Express]]
*[[Teesta Torsha Express|Sealdah - New Alipurdiar Teesta Torsha Express]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Teesta Torsha Express|url=https://indiarailinfo.com/train/-train-teesta-torsa-express-13141/1622/325/550|website=indiarailinfo.com}}</ref>
*[[Brahmaputra Mail|Delhi - Kamakhya Brahmaputra Mail]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Dibrugarh Delhi Brahmaputra Mail|url=https://indiarailinfo.com/train/-train-brahmaputra-mail-15955/225/7288/349|website=indiarailinfo.com}}</ref>
*[[Uttar Banga Express|Sealdah - Bamanhat Uttar Banga Express]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sealdah Bamanhat Uttar Banga Express|url=https://indiarailinfo.com/train/-train-uttar-banga-express-13147/1185/325/551|website=indiarailinfo.com}}</ref>
*[[New Jalpaiguri - Guwahati Express]]
*[[New Jalpaiguri - Bongaigaon Express]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=New Jalpaiguri Bongaigaon Express Express|url=http://amp.indiarailinfo.com/train/-train-new-jalpaiguri-bongaigaon-express-15703/7773/444/549|website=indiarailinfo.com}}</ref>

==See also ==

* [[North Eastern Railway Connectivity Project]]
* [[North Western Railway zone]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Railway stations in West Bengal}}

[[Category:Railway stations in Jalpaiguri district]]
[[Category:Alipurduar railway division]]

{{WestBengal-railstation-stub}}

List of Tamil films of 2018

2026-03-12T03:28:38Z

Felipa7295: added article and fixed typos

{{Short description|None}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2019}}
This is a '''list of Tamil language films''' produced in the [[Tamil cinema]] in India that were released/scheduled to be released in 2018. The list contains only those films that are made in the [[Tamil language]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/entertainment-news/movies/upcoming-tamil-movies-2018-list-to-lookout-for|title=List Of Upcoming Tamil Movies in 2018 To Lookout For|website=BookMyShow}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/movies/tamil|title=Tamil Movie Releases in Theatres|website=BookMyShow}}</ref>
{{Tamil films}}

== Box office collection ==
The highest-grossing Kollywood films released in 2018, by worldwide [[box office]] [[gross revenue]], are as follows.

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="margin:auto; margin:auto;"
|+Highest worldwide gross of 2018
|-
! Rank !! Title
! Production company !! Distributor
! Worldwide gross !! Ref.
|-
! style="text-align:center;" | 1
| ''[[2.0 (film)|2.0]]''
|[[Lyca Productions]]
|[[Lyca Productions]], [[Dharma Productions]], [[AA Films]]
|{{INRConvert|800|c}}
| <ref>{{Cite web |title='2.0' final box office collection all format: The Rajinikanth starrer helmed by S. Shankar is the sixth highest grossing Indian film ever |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/box-office/2-0-final-box-office-collection-all-format-the-rajinikanth-starrer-helmed-by-s-shankar-is-the-sixth-highest-grossing-indian-film-ever/articleshow/67989955.cms |access-date=2022-07-29 |website=The Times of India |date=14 February 2019 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Sanju Box Office Collection till Now |date=16 January 2019 |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment/south-gossip/article/2-0-exclusive-exhibitionin-chennai-original-costumes-of-rajinikanth-akshay-attracts-visitors/348361 |access-date=16 January 2019}}</ref>
|-
! style="text-align:center;" |2
|''[[Sarkar (2018 film)|Sarkar]]''
|[[Sun Pictures]]
|[[Sun Pictures]]
|{{INRConvert|256|c}}
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-01-31 |title=Darbar box office: Film ends up as a colossal flop, distributors plan to approach Rajinikanth |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/regional-movies/darbar-box-office-film-ends-up-as-a-colossal-flop-distributors-plan-to-approach-rajinikanth/story-j7miLvAkLvmFHhqd59cuLM.html |access-date=2022-06-13 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref>
|-
! style="text-align:center;" | 3
| ''[[Kaala (2018 film)|Kaala]]''
| [[Wunderbar Films]]
| [[Lyca Productions]]
|{{INRConvert|155|c}}
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/kaala-total-box-office-collection-rajinikanth-starrer-incurs-huge-losses-distributors-775706|title=Kaala total worldwide box office collection: Rajinikanth starrer incurs huge losses to distributors|last=Hooli|first=Shekhar H.|date=2018-07-22|website=International Business Times, India Edition|language=en|access-date=2020-01-17}}</ref>
|-
! style="text-align:center;" | 4
| ''[[Thaanaa Serndha Koottam]]''
| [[Studio Green]]
| Bharathan Films
|{{INRConvert|90|c}}
|<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/suriya-s-thaana-serntha-kootam-all-set-join-rs-100-cr-club-75361|title=Thaana Serntha Kootam, racing towards the Rs 100 crore club|work=[[The News Minute]]|date=25 January 2018}}</ref>
|-
! style="text-align:center;" | 5
| ''[[Chekka Chivantha Vaanam]]''
| [[Lyca Productions]], [[Madras Talkies]]
| [[Lyca Productions]], [[Madras Talkies]]
|{{INRConvert|80|c}}
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.moviecrow.com/News/21708/chekka-chivantha-vaanam-ccv-25-days-worldwide-box-office-collection-report|title=Chekka Chivantha Vaanam CCV 25 days Box Office Report |website=MovieCrow }}</ref>
|-
! style="text-align:center;" | 6
| ''[[Kadaikutty Singam]]''
| [[Vishal Film Factory|2D Entertainment]]
| [[Lyca Productions]], Krikes Cine Creations
|{{INRConvert|68|c}}
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/irumbu-thirai-lifetime-box-office-collection-vishals-film-turns-out-be-blockbuster-773708|title=Irumbu Thirai lifetime box office collection: Vishal's film turns out to be a 'blockbuster'|website=International Business Times|date=2 July 2018 }}</ref>
|-
! style="text-align:center;" | 7
| ''[[Irumbu Thirai (2018 film)|Irumbu Thirai]]''
| [[2D Entertainment|Vishal Film Factory]]
| [[Lyca Productions]]
| {{INRConvert|65|c}}
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/pasamalar-namma-veetu-pillai-big-fat-family-drama-tamil-cinema-109913?amp|title=From 'Pasamalar' to 'Namma Veetu Pillai': The big fat family drama in Tamil cinema|website=[[The News Minute]]|date=3 October 2019}}</ref>
|-
! style="text-align:center;" | 5
| ''[[Vada Chennai]]''
| [[Wunderbar Films]]
| Sakthi Film Factory
|{{INRConvert|90|c}}
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=31 October 2018 |title=Vada Chennai becomes Dhanush's highest-grossing film; Vijay Sethupathi's 96 earns Rs 50 Cr worldwide |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/vada-chennai-becomes-dhanushs-highest-grossing-film-vijay-sethupathis-96-earns-rs-50-cr-worldwide-5479641.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191012124211/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/vada-chennai-becomes-dhanushs-highest-grossing-film-vijay-sethupathis-96-earns-rs-50-cr-worldwide-5479641.html |archive-date=12 October 2019 |access-date=12 October 2019 |website=Firstpost}}</ref>
|-
! style="text-align:center;" | 9
| ''[['96 (film)|96]]''
|Madras Enterprizes
|[[Seven Screen Studio]]
| {{INRConvert|54|c}}
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/vishwaroopam-2-box-office-collection-kamal-haasans-film-completes-first-week-theatres-778056|title=Vishwaroopam 2 box office collection: Kamal Haasan's film completes first week in theatres|website= International Business Times|date=2018-08-17|access-date=2020-05-16}}</ref>
|-
! style="text-align:center;" | 10
| ''[[Tik Tik Tik (2018 film)|Tik Tik Tik]]''
|[[Nemichand Jhabak]]
| Screen Scene
| {{INRConvert|51|c}}
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/tik-tik-tik-box-office-collection-day-1-jayam-ravi-s-sci-fi-film-gets-a-decent-start-1267843-2018-06-23|title=Tik Tik Tik box office collection Day 1: Jayam Ravi's sci-fi film gets a decent opening |date=23 June 2018 }}</ref>
|-
!style="text-align:center;"|11
|''[[Vishwaroopam II]]''
|[[Raaj Kamal Films International]]
|[[Raaj Kamal Films International]]
|{{INRConvert|50|c}}
|
|}

==Released films==
=== January—March ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|- style="background
! colspan="2" | Opening
! style="width:20%;"| Title
! Director
! Cast
! Studio
! Ref
|- January!
| rowspan="14" style="text-align:center; background:#ffa07a; textcolor:#000;" | '''J A N'''
| rowspan="5" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdacc;" | '''5'''
| ''13 December'' || Buvanesh || Mukesh, Khushi Gadhvi, Brahmini Murala || Mukesh Films ||
|-
| ''[[Onaaigal Jakkiradhai]]'' || JPR || [[Kabali Vishwanth]], [[Riythvika]], Baby Amrutha || S Bioscope Productions ||
|-
| ''Paarka Thonuthe'' || Jai Senthilkumar || Arsha, Sarah, Amar, Fathima || Vasavi Films ||
|-
| ''Saavi'' || R. Subramanian || Prakash Chandra, [[Sunu Lakshmi]], [[Uday Mahesh]] ||The Sparkland ||
|-
| ''[[Vidhi Madhi Ultaa]]'' || S. Vijai Balaji || Rameez Raja, [[Janani Iyer]], [[Daniel Balaji]], [[Karunakaran (actor)|Karunakaran]] || Rite Media Works || <ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/vidhi-madhi-ultaa/movie-review/62390306.cms|title=Vidhi Madhi Ultaa Movie Review, Trailer, & Show timings at Times of India|website=The Times of India|access-date=17 January 2018}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdacc;" | '''12'''
| ''[[Gulaebaghavali]]'' || [[Kalyaan]] ||[[Prabhu Deva]], [[Hansika Motwani]], [[Revathi]]|| KJR Studios ||<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/gulaebaghavali/movie-review/62470474.cms|title=Gulaebaghavali Movie Review, Trailer, & Show timings at Times of India|website=The Times of India|access-date=1 February 2018}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Sketch (2018 film)|Sketch]]'' || [[Vijay Chandar (director)|Vijay Chandar]] || [[Vikram (actor)|Vikram]], [[Tamannaah]], [[Soori (actor)|Soori]] || Moving Frame || <ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/sketch/movie-review/62470965.cms|title=Sketch Movie Review, Trailer, & Show timings at Times of India|website=The Times of India|access-date=17 January 2018}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Thaanaa Serndha Koottam]]'' || [[Vignesh Shivan]] || [[Suriya]], [[Keerthy Suresh]], [[Karthik (actor)|Karthik]], [[Ramya Krishnan]] ||[[Studio Green]] || <ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/thaanaa-serndha-koottam/movie-review/62469665.cms|title=Thaanaa Serndha Koottam Movie Review, Trailer, & Show timings at Times of India|website=The Times of India|access-date=17 January 2018}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdacc;" | '''19'''
| ''Samuga Valaithalam'' || Easan || Badri, Priya, Padma, [[Bala Singh]], [[Suruli Manohar]] || Victory Films ||
|-
| ''Veera Thevan'' || Veeran Selvarasu || Kaushik, Meenalotchani, Karate Gopalan || GS Movies ||
|-
| rowspan="4" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdacc;" | '''26'''
| ''[[Bhaagamathie]]'' || [[G. Ashok]] || [[Anushka Shetty]], [[Unni Mukundan]], [[Jayaram]] ||[[Studio Green]], UV Creations || <ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/bhaagamathie/movie-review/62662225.cms|title=Bhaagamathie Review {2.5/5}: The movie ticks all the boxes that have become mandatory for a horror thriller these days|website=The Times of India|access-date=1 February 2018}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Mannar Vagaiyara]]'' || [[Boopathy Pandian]] || [[Vemal]], [[Anandhi (actress)|Anandhi]], [[Prabhu (actor)|Prabhu]], [[Karthik Kumar]] ||[[Vemal|A3V Cinemaz]] || <ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/mannar-vagaiyara/movie-review/62663751.cms|title=Mannar Vagaiyara Review {3/5}: The film which starts off as an okayish one, turns out as an entertaining fare as time passes|website=The Times of India|access-date=1 February 2018}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Nimir]]'' || [[Priyadarshan]] || [[Udhayanidhi Stalin]], [[Namitha Pramod]], [[Parvatii Nair]] || Moonshot Entertainment || <ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/nimir/movie-review/62660107.cms|title=Nimir Review {2.5/5}: There is hardly anything to feel good about Nimir, which comes across as a rather flavourless, uninvolving tale|website=The Times of India|access-date=1 February 2018}}</ref>
|-
| ''Saranalayam'' || Rasu Jeganathan || [[Ashwin (actor, born 1987)|Ashwin Kumar]], [[Sri Priyanka]], [[Singampuli]] || Go Production ||
|- February !
| rowspan="21" style="text-align:center; background:thistle; textcolor:#000;" | '''F E B'''
| rowspan="5" style="text-align:center; background:#d8d8d8;" | '''2'''
| ''[[Madura Veeran]]'' || [[P. G. Muthiah]] || [[Shanmuga Pandian|Shanmugapandian]], Meenakshi, [[Samuthirakani]] ||[[P. G. Muthiah|P. G. Media Works]], V Studios || <ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/madura-veeran/movie-review/62736020.cms|title=Madura Veeran Movie Review, Trailer, & Show timings at Times of India|newspaper=The Times of India|access-date=1 April 2018}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Oru Nalla Naal Paathu Solren]]'' || P. Arumugakumar || [[Vijay Sethupathi]], [[Gautham Karthik]], [[Niharika Konidela]], [[Gayathrie]] || 7C's Entertainment, Amme Narayana Entertainment || <ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/oru-nalla-naal-paathu-solren/movie-review/62753618.cms|title=Oru Nalla Naal Paathu Solren Review {2/5}: ONNPS is a comedy movie that isn't funny – mostly.|newspaper=The Times of India|access-date=1 April 2018}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Padaiveeran]]'' || Dhana || [[Vijay Yesudas]], [[Amritha Aiyer]], [[Akhil (Tamil actor)|Akhil]], [[Bharathiraja]] || Evoke || <ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/padaiveeran/movie-review/62754067.cms|title=Padaiveeran Review {2.5/5}: The movie is a not-so-bad attempt, for the honest way of handling a socially-relevant theme in today's times|newspaper=The Times of India|access-date=1 April 2018}}</ref>
|-
| ''Visiri'' || [[Vetri Mahalingam]] || Ram Saravanannn, Raaj Suriya, Ramona Stephani ||[[Vetri Mahalingam|Mahalingam Productions]] ||
|-
| ''[[Yemaali]]'' || [[V. Z. Durai]] || [[Samuthirakani]], Sam Jones, [[Athulya Ravi]] || Latha Productions || <ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/yemaali/movie-review/62765731.cms|title=Yemaali Movie Review {2/5}: Critic Review of Yemaali by Times of India|newspaper=The Times of India|access-date=4 August 2018}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="4" style="text-align:center; background:#d8d8d8;" | '''9'''
| ''[[Kalakalappu 2]]'' || [[Sundar C]] || [[Jiiva]], [[Jai (actor)|Jai]], [[Shiva (actor)|Shiva]], [[Nikki Galrani]], [[Catherine Tresa]] ||[[Avni Cinemax]] || <ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/kalakalappu-2/movie-review/62848376.cms|title=Kalakalappu 2 Review {3/5}: The movie is a fun ride, but not as sharp as the first film|newspaper=The Times of India|access-date=1 April 2018}}</ref>
|-
| ''Nari Vettai'' || Akash Sudhakar || Akash Sudhakar, Mahalakshmi, [[King Kong (actor)|King Kong]] || Channel Akash Studio ||
|-
| ''[[Savarakathi]]'' || G. R. Adithya || [[Ram (director)|Ram]], [[Mysskin]], [[Shamna Kasim|Poorna]] ||[[Mysskin|Lonewolf Productions]] || <ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/savarakathi/movie-review/62845981.cms|title=Savarakathi Review {3.5/5}: The film could have been a thriller, but Mysskin turns into a black comedy, and thus, makes it distinctive|newspaper=The Times of India|access-date=1 April 2018}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Prema Baraha|Sollividava]]'' || [[Arjun Sarja|Arjun]] || [[Chandan Kumar]], [[Aishwarya Arjun]] ||[[Sree Raam Films International]] || <ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/sollividavaa/movie-review/62852280.cms|title=Sollividavaa Movie Review, Trailer, & Show timings at Times of India|newspaper=The Times of India|access-date=1 April 2018}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="5" style="text-align:center; background:#d8d8d8;" | '''16'''
| ''Manushanaa Nee'' || Ghazali || Saleem, [[Anu Krishna]], [[Subbu Panchu]] || H3 Cinemas || <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.maalaimalar.com/movie-review/cinema/review/2018/02/16224101/1146260/Manusana-Nee-Movie-Review.vpf|title=விமர்சனம்: மனுசனா நீ [Review: Manushanaa Nee]|work=[[Maalai Malar]]|language=ta|date=16 February 2018|access-date=19 November 2023|archive-date=19 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231119235444/https://www.maalaimalar.com/movie-review/cinema/review/2018/02/16224101/1146260/Manusana-Nee-Movie-Review.vpf|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Melnaattu Marumagan]]'' || MSS || [[Rajkamal (actor)|Rajkamal]], [[Andreanne Nouyrigat]] || Udhaya Creations || <ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/melnaattu-marumagan/movie-review/62957606.cms|title=Melnaattu Marumagan Movie Review, Trailer, & Show timings at Times of India|newspaper=The Times of India|access-date=1 April 2018}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Naachiyaar]]'' || [[Bala (director)|Bala]] || [[Jyothika]], [[G. V. Prakash Kumar]], [[Ivana (actress)|Ivana]] ||[[B Studios]] || <ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/naachiyaar/movie-review/62948317.cms|title=Naachiyaar Movie Review {3/5}: Naachiyaar is as close to a feel-good film we can get from director Bala|newspaper=The Times of India|access-date=1 April 2018}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Nagesh Thiraiyarangam]]'' || [[Mohamad Issack|Isaq]] || [[Aari (actor)|Aari]], [[Ashna Zaveri]], [[Kaali Venkat]] || Transindia Media and Entertainment || <ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/nagesh-thiraiyarangam/movie-review/62958551.cms|title=Nagesh Thiraiyarangam Movie Review, Trailer, & Show timings at Times of India|newspaper=The Times of India|access-date=1 April 2018}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Veera (2018 film)|Veera]]'' || Rajaraman || [[Krishna (Tamil actor)|Kreshna]], [[Iswarya Menon]], [[Karunakaran (actor)|Karunakaran]] ||[[RS Infotainment]] || <ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/veera/movie-review/62957768.cms|title=Veera Movie Review, Trailer, & Show timings at Times of India|newspaper=The Times of India|access-date=1 April 2018}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#d8d8d8;" | '''22'''
| ''Koottali'' || S. K. Mathi || Sathish, Krisha Kurup, [[Kausalya (actress)|Kausalya]], [[Kalyan (choreographer)|Kalyan]] || SP Pixels ||
|-
| rowspan="6" style="text-align:center; background:#d8d8d8;" | '''23'''
| ''[[6 Athiyayam]]'' || Six directors || [[Thaman Kumar]], [[Sanjeev (Tamil actor, born 1989)|Sanjeev]], [[Vinoth Kishan]], [[Kishore DS|Kishore]] || ASCII Media Hut ||
|-
| ''[[Kaathadi]]'' || [[Kalyaan]] || [[Avishek Karthik]], [[Sai Dhanshika]], [[Daniel Annie Pope]] || Galaxy Pictures ||
|-
| ''[[Kinar (film)|Keni]]'' || [[M. A. Nishad]] || [[Jaya Prada]], [[Revathi]], [[R. Parthiepan|Parthiban]], [[Anu Hasan]], [[Nassar (actor)|Nassar]] || Fragrant Nature Film Creations ||
|-
| ''[[Merlin (2018 film)|Merlin]]'' || Keera || Vishnu Priyan, Ashwini Chandrashekar, [[Lollu Sabha Jeeva]] || JSB Film Studios ||
|-
| ''Tamizhananean Ka'' || Sathish || Sathish, Vandana Varadarajan, Preetha || Vetritamil Vuruvakkam ||
|-
| ''[[Yenda Thalaiyila Yenna Vekkala]]'' || [[Vignesh Karthick]] || Azhar, [[Sanchita Shetty]], [[Eden Kuriakose]] || Yogi and Partners ||
|- March !
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#98fb98; textcolor:#000;" | '''M A R'''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#e0f9e0;" | '''2'''
| ''[[Dharavi (2018 film)|Dharavi]]'' || [[Pavithran (Tamil film director)|Pavithran]] || Satheesh, Balu, [[Sunu Lakshmi]], Prabu Sathish || ARS International ||
|}

=== April – June===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|- style="background
! colspan="2" | Opening
! style="width:20%;"| Title
! Director
! Cast
! Studio
! Ref
|- April!
| rowspan="5" style="text-align:center; background:#b4cae3; textcolor:#000;" | '''A P R'''
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;background:#d9e4f1;"| '''20'''
| ''[[Mercury (2018 film)|Mercury]]'' || [[Karthik Subbaraj]] || [[Prabhu Deva]], [[Remya Nambeesan]], [[Sananth]], Indhuja ||Stone Bench Creations || <ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-reviews/mercury/movie-review/63733749.cms|title=Mercury Movie Review {3/5}: A silent horror film where the sound effects are the biggest stars!|newspaper=The Times of India|access-date=4 August 2018}}</ref>
|-
| ''Munthal'' || Stunt Jayanth || Appu Krishna, Muksha, [[Rajendran]], [[Nizhalgal Ravi]] || Harvest Moon Pictures ||
|-
| rowspan="3" style="text-align:center;background:#d9e4f1;"| '''27'''
| ''[[Diya (film)|Diya]]'' || [[A. L. Vijay]] || [[Sai Pallavi]], [[Naga Shaurya]], Veronika Arora ||[[Lyca Productions]] || <ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/diya/movie-review/63911868.cms|title=Diya Movie Review {3/5}: Diya isn't compelling enough|newspaper=The Times of India|access-date=4 August 2018}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Paadam]]'' || Rajashekar || Karthik, Vijith, Mona, [[Yashika Aannand]] || Rollon Movies ||
|-
| ''[[Pakka (film)|Pakka]]'' || S. S. Surya || [[Vikram Prabhu]], [[Nikki Galrani]], [[Bindu Madhavi]] || Benn Consortium Studios || <ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/pakka/movie-review/63949072.cms|title=Pakkaa Movie Review {2/5}: Critic Review of Pakkaa by Times of India|newspaper=The Times of India|access-date=4 August 2018}}</ref>
|- May!
| rowspan="20" style="text-align:center; background:#d5fdf4;" | '''M A Y'''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#d8d8d8;" | '''1'''
| ''[[Sometimes (film)|Sila Samayangalil]]'' || [[Priyadarshan]] || [[Prakash Raj]], [[Sriya Reddy]], [[Ashok Selvan]], [[Varun (actor)|Varun]] ||[[Prabhu Deva]] Studios, [[A. L. Vijay|Think Big Studios]] ||
|-
| rowspan="3" style="text-align:center; background:#d8d8d8;" |'''4'''
| ''Alai Pesi'' || Murali Bharathi || [[Akhil (Tamil actor)|Akhil]], [[Anu Krishna]], [[Singampuli]] || Vijayalakshmi Creations || <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.maalaimalar.com/movie-review/cinema/review/2018/05/04203306/1160948/Alaipesi-Movie-Review.vpf|title=விமர்சனம்: அலைபேசி [Review: Alaipesi]|work=[[Maalai Malar]]|date=4 May 2018|access-date=19 November 2023|archive-date=19 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231119235444/https://www.maalaimalar.com/movie-review/cinema/review/2018/05/04203306/1160948/Alaipesi-Movie-Review.vpf|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Iruttu Araiyil Murattu Kuththu]]'' || [[Santhosh P. Jayakumar]] || [[Gautham Karthik]], [[Vaibhavi Shandilya]], [[Shah Ra]], [[Yashika Aannand]], [[Chandrika Ravi]] ||[[K. E. Gnanavel Raja|Blue Ghost Pictures]] || <ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/iruttu-arayil-murattu-kuthu/movie-review/64025753.cms|title=Iruttu Arayil Murattu Kuthu Review {3/5}: Horror angle falls flat and do not create much impact|newspaper=The Times of India|access-date=4 August 2018}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Kaathiruppor Pattiyal]]'' || Balayya D. Rajasekhar || Sachin, [[Nandita Swetha]], [[Rajendran]] || Lady Dream Cinemas || <ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/kathiruppor-pattiyal/movie-review/64021616.cms|title=Kathiruppor Pattiyal Review {2.5/5}: Decent attempt with few logical loopholes|newspaper=The Times of India|access-date=4 August 2018}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3" style="text-align:center; background:#d8d8d8;" | '''11'''
| ''[[Iravukku Aayiram Kangal]]'' || Mu. Maran || [[Arulnithi]], [[Ajmal Ameer|Ajmal]], [[Mahima Nambiar]], [[Vidya Pradeep]] || Axess Film Factory || <ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/iravukku-aayiram-kangal/movie-review/64121773.cms|title=Iravukku Aayiram Kangal Review {3.5/5}: Racy screenplay and edge of the seat narrative style|newspaper=The Times of India|access-date=4 August 2018}}</ref>
|-
| ''Aaru Mudhal Aaru (Oru Iravu)'' || M. G. Reddy || Manjunath, Jayadeva || Sri Lakshmi MGR Movies ||<ref>{{cite web|url=https://cinema.maalaimalar.com/Cinema/Review/2018/05/16231244/1163631/Aaru-Mudhal-Aaru-Movie-Review.vpf|title=The topicality of Aaru mudhal aaru (oru iravu) theme – crime – instantly makes it compelling|website=Cinema.maalaimalar.com|date=16 May 2018|access-date=4 August 2018}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Irumbu Thirai (2018 film)|Irumbu Thirai]]'' || P. S. Mithran || [[Vishal (actor)|Vishal]], [[Samantha Akkineni|Samantha]], [[Arjun Sarja|Arjun]] ||[[Vishal Film Factory]] || <ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/irumbu-thirai/movie-review/64121738.cms|title=Irumbu Thirai Review {3/5}: The topicality of Irumbuthirai's theme – cyber crime – instantly makes it compelling|newspaper=The Times of India|access-date=4 August 2018}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#d8d8d8;" | '''16'''
| ''[[Amutha]]'' ||[[P.S. Arjun]] ||Sriya Sree, Anees Shaz || ||
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#d8d8d8;" | '''17'''
| ''[[Bhaskar Oru Rascal]]'' || [[Siddique (director)|Siddique]] || [[Arvind Swami]], [[Amala Paul]], [[Nikesha Patel]], [[Aftab Shivdasani]] || Harshini Movies || <ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/bhaskar-oru-rascal/movie-review/64190341.cms|title=Bhaskar Oru Rascal Movie Review {2.5/5}: Critic Review of Bhaskar Oru Rascal by Times of India|newspaper=The Times of India|access-date=4 August 2018}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="5" style="text-align:center; background:#d8d8d8;" | '''18'''
| ''[[18.05.2009]]'' || [[K. Ganeshan|Kuppan Ganeshan]] || Subash Chandra Bose, Dhanya || SSK Creations ||
|-
| ''[[Kaali (2018 film)|Kaali]]'' || [[Kiruthiga Udhayanidhi]] || [[Vijay Antony]], [[Anjali (film actress)|Anjali]], [[Sunaina]], [[Amritha Aiyer]], Shilpa Manjunath ||[[Vijay Antony]] Film Corporation || <ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/kaali/movie-review/64219263.cms|title=Kaali Movie Review {2.5/5}: Kali does get interesting in its second half, but the narration should have been tighter|newspaper=The Times of India|access-date=4 August 2018}}</ref>
|-
| ''Kadhalargal Valibar Sangam'' || Kasi Vishwanathan || Sathya, Thamarai, [[Kovai Senthil]]|| Vishnu Movie Makers ||
|-
| ''Paalkaari'' || Om Pulli Jeevarathinam || Minu Kurian, Shivani Grover || Raghul Varma J Movies ||
|-
| ''[[Seyal]]'' || Ravi Abbulu || Rajan Tejeshwar, Tharushi, [[Ramdoss]], [[Renuka (actress)|Renuka]] || C. R. Creations || <ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/seyal/movie-review/64231889.cms|title=Seyal Movie Review {2.5/5}: Critic Review of Seyal by Times of India|newspaper=The Times of India|access-date=4 August 2018}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="6" style="text-align:center; background:#d8d8d8;" | '''25'''
| ''[[Abhiyum Anuvum]]'' || [[B. R. Vijayalakshmi]] || [[Tovino Thomas]], [[Piaa Bajpai]], [[Prabhu (actor)|Prabhu]], [[Suhasini Mani Ratnam|Suhasini]] || Yoodlee Films || <ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/abhiyum-anuvum/movie-review/64319283.cms|title=Abhiyum Anuvum Review {2.5/5}: Neither the writing nor the filmmaking display the delicacy of touch such a subject requires|newspaper=The Times of India|access-date=4 August 2018}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Oru Kuppai Kathai]]'' || Kaali Rangasamy || [[Dinesh (choreographer)|Dinesh]], [[Manisha Yadav]], Sujo Mathew, [[Yogi Babu]] || Film Box Productions || <ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/oru-kuppai-kathai/movie-review/64292680.cms|title=Oru Kuppai Kathai Review {3/5}: The film could have been even more engaging|newspaper=The Times of India|access-date=4 August 2018}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Kaala Koothu]]'' || M. Nagarajan || [[Prasanna (actor)|Prasanna]], [[Kalaiyarasan]], [[Sai Dhanshika]], [[Srushti Dange]] || Madurai Sri Kallazhagar Entertainment || <ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/kaalakkoothu/movie-review/64307370.cms|title=Kaalakkoothu Movie Review {2/5}: Its every beat is predictable|newspaper=The Times of India|access-date=4 August 2018}}</ref>
|-
| ''Pei Irukka Illaya'' || Pa. Ranjithkumar || [[Vijayakumar (Tamil actor)|Vijayakumar]], [[J. Livingston|Livingston]], [[Jangiri Madhumitha|Madhumitha]] || Team Work Talkies ||
|-
| ''[[Puthiya Bruce Lee]]'' || Mulaiyur A. Sonai || Bruce, Raziya, [[Ashwanth Thilak]] || Sree Dindigul Venkateshvaraa Pictures ||
|-
|''[[Semma]]''|| Vallikanth ||[[G. V. Prakash Kumar]], [[Arthana Binu]], [[Yogi Babu]]|| Linga Bhairavi Creations, [[Pandiraj|Pasanga Creations]]
|<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/sema/movie-review/64317112.cms|title=Sema Tamil Movie Review {2.5/5}: Semma offers nothing new in terms of story, narration or performances, and is predictable to the core|newspaper=The Times of India|access-date=4 August 2018}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="19" style="text-align:center; background:#32CD32;" |'''J U N'''
| rowspan="5" style="text-align:center; background:#e0f9e0;" | '''1'''
| ''[[Antony (2018 film)|Antony]]'' || Kutti Kumar || Nishanth, Vaishali, [[Lal (actor)|Lal]] || Adithya Entertainment || <ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/antony/movie-review/64390157.cms|title=Antony Movie Review {1.5/5}: Critic Review of Antony by Times of India|newspaper=The Times of India|access-date=4 August 2018}}</ref>
|-
| ''Mohana'' || Ra. Anand || [[Rajendran]], [[Srinivasan (Tamil actor)|Power Star Srinivasan]], Kalyani Nair, Asmitha || Mooraa Pictures || <ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/mohana/movie-review/64414882.cms|title=Mohana Movie Review {0.5/5}: Critic Review of Mohana by Times of India|newspaper=The Times of India|access-date=4 August 2018}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Panjumittai]]'' || S. P. Mohan || [[Ma Ka Pa Anand]], [[Nikhila Vimal]], [[Pandiarajan]] || Deepam Cinema || <ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/panjumittai/movie-review/64414196.cms|title=Panjumittai Movie Review {1.5/5}: Critic Review of Panjumittai by Times of India|newspaper=The Times of India|access-date=4 August 2018}}</ref>
|-
| ''Vayakattu Mappillai'' || Vimal Murugan || Vetrivel, Yogendra, Jothisha, Dayana || Jeeva Movie Makers ||
|-
| [[X Videos (film)|''X Videos'']] || Sajo Sundar || Ajay Raj, Akruti Singh, Abhinav || Colour Shadows Entertainment || <ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/x-videos/movie-review/64406249.cms|title=X Videos Movie Review {2.5/5}: Critic Review of X Videos by Times of India|newspaper=The Times of India|access-date=4 August 2018}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#e0f9e0;" | '''7'''
| ''[[Kaala (2018 film)|Kaala]]'' || [[Pa. Ranjith]] || [[Rajinikanth]], [[Huma Qureshi]], [[Samuthirakani]], [[Nana Patekar]] ||[[Wunderbar Films]] || <ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/kaala/movie-review/64485990.cms|title=Kaala Movie Review {3.5/5}: Ranjith gives a spin to the classic white-is-pure-and-black-is-evil logic|newspaper=The Times of India|access-date=4 August 2018}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#e0f9e0;" | '''14'''
| ''[[Goli Soda 2]]'' || [[Vijay Milton]] || [[Samuthirakani]], [[Chemban Vinod Jose]], [[Rohini (actress)|Rohini]], [[Gautham Vasudev Menon]] ||[[Vijay Milton|Rough Note Productions]] || <ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/goli-soda-2/movie-review/64585682.cms|title=Goli Soda 2 Movie Review {3/5}: The first half makes for a riveting watch but some time into the second half, we begin to get a different film|newspaper=The Times of India|access-date=4 August 2018}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3" style="text-align:center; background:#e0f9e0;" | '''15'''
| ''Ennodu Nee Irundhaal'' || M. Sathyamoorthy || Sathya, Manasa Nair, [[Rohini (actress)|Rohini]], [[Ajay Rathnam]] || Sayto Film Corporation || <ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/ennodu-nee-irundhal/movie-review/64603411.cms|title=Ennodu Nee Irundhal Movie Review {0.5/5}: Critic Review of Ennodu Nee Irundhal by Times of India|newspaper=The Times of India|access-date=4 August 2018}}</ref>
|-
| ''Kannakkol'' || V. A. Kumaresan || [[Bharani (actor)|Bharani]], [[Karunya Ram]], [[Ganja Karuppu]] || Ram Pictures ||
|-
| ''Kilambitaangayaa Kilambitaangayaa'' || Razak || [[K. Bhagyaraj]], [[Mansoor Ali Khan (actor)|Mansoor Ali Khan]], [[R. Sundarrajan]] || Heaven Entertainment || <ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/kilambitaangayaa-kilambitaangayaa/movie-review/64600228.cms|title=Kilambitaangayaa Kilambitaangayaa Movie Review {0.5/5}: Critic Review of Kilambitaangayaa Kilambitaangayaa by Times of India|newspaper=The Times of India|access-date=4 August 2018}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="5" style="text-align:center; background:#e0f9e0;" | '''22'''
| ''[[Andhra Mess]]'' || Jai || [[Raj Bharath (actor)|Raj Bharath]], Tejaswini, AP Shreethar, [[Pooja Devariya]] || Showboat Studios || <ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/andhra-mess/movie-review/64685792.cms|title=Andhra Mess Movie Review {2/5}: Despite looking colourful, this Andhra Mess ends up serving us fare that lacks spice|newspaper=The Times of India|access-date=4 August 2018}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Enna Thavam Seitheno]]'' || Murabasalam || Ghajini, [[Vishnupriya (actress)|Vishnupriya]], [[Srinivasan (Tamil actor)|Srinivasan]], [[Mayilsamy]] || Inaindha Kaigal Kalaikoodam ||
|-
| ''[[Kargil (film)|Kargil]]'' || Sivaani Senthil || Jishnu Menon, Prerna Sadani || Banner Sivani Studios || <ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/kargil/movie-review/64671314.cms|title=Kargil Movie Review {2/5}: Interesting concept, but Sivaani should really have spent some more time in fine-tuning the script|newspaper=The Times of India|access-date=4 August 2018}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Tik Tik Tik (2018 film)|Tik Tik Tik]]'' || [[Shakti Soundar Rajan]] || [[Jayam Ravi]], [[Aaron Aziz]], [[Nivetha Pethuraj]], [[Ramesh Thilak]] ||[[Thenandal Studio Limited]] || <ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/tik-tik-tik/movie-review/64693372.cms|title=Tik Tik Tik Movie Review {3/5}: Good attempt and watchable for those who love watching something new in Tamil cinema|newspaper=The Times of India|access-date=4 August 2018}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Traffic Ramasamy (film)|Traffic Ramasamy]]'' || Vicky || [[S. A. Chandrasekhar]], [[R. K. Suresh]], [[Prakash Raj]] || Green Signal || <ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/traffic-ramasamy/movie-review/64685760.cms|title=Traffic Ramasamy Movie Review {1.5/5}: For a film based on a firebrand activist, Traffic Ramasamy is hardly compelling|newspaper=The Times of India|access-date=4 August 2018}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="4" style="text-align:center; background:#e0f9e0;" | '''29'''
| ''[[Asuravadham]]'' || Maruthupandian || [[M. Sasikumar]], [[Nandita Swetha]], [[Sheela Rajkumar]] || Seven Screen Studios || <ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/asuravadham/movie-review/64784357.cms|title=Asuravadham Movie Review {3/5}: If the film finally feels a little underwhelming, it is only because the initial portions are terrific|newspaper=The Times of India|access-date=4 August 2018}}</ref>
|-
| ''Ethukadi Kaadhalicha'' || Ravi Rahul || [[Soundararaja]], [[Black Pandi]] || Arun Creations ||
|-
| ''[[Inba Twinkle Lilly]]'' || R. K. Vidhyadaran || [[Kovai Sarala]], [[Saranya Ponvannan]], [[Kalpana (Malayalam actress)|Kalpana]] || Appu Movies || <ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/inba-twinkle-lilly/movie-review/64784951.cms|title=Inba Twinkle Lilly Movie Review {1.5/5}: To describe the movie in similarly pun-ny style, this ITLY is undercooked and unpalatable|newspaper=The Times of India|access-date=4 August 2018}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Semma Botha Aagathey]]'' || [[Badri Venkatesh]] || [[Atharvaa]], [[Mishti]], [[Anaika Soti]] ||[[Atharvaa|Kickass Entertainment]] || <ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/semma-botha-aagathey/movie-review/64796000.cms|title=Semma Botha Aagathey Review {2.5/5}: The movie is most fun in the scenes that involve the dead body|newspaper=The Times of India|access-date=4 August 2018}}</ref>
|}

=== July – September ===




{| class="wikitable sortable"
|- style="background
! colspan="2" | Opening
! style="width:20%;"| Title
! Director
! Cast
! Studio
! Ref
|- JULY!
! rowspan="12" style="text-align:center; background:#ffa07a; textcolor:#000;" | J U L Y
| rowspan="3" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdacc;" | '''6'''
| ''[[Kasu Mela Kasu]]'' || K. S. Pazhani || Shahrukh, Gayathri, [[Kovai Sarala]], [[Ganja Karuppu]] || Ragav Movie Entertainment || <ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/kasu-mela-kasu/movie-review/64885029.cms|title=Kasu Mela Kasu Movie Review {1/5}: Critic Review of Kasu Mela Kasu by Times of India|newspaper=The Times of India|access-date=4 August 2018}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Mr. Chandramouli]]'' || [[Thiru (director)|Thiru]] || [[Karthik (actor)|Karthik]], [[Gautham Karthik]], [[Regina Cassandra]], [[Varalaxmi Sarathkumar]] ||[[G. Dhananjayan|Creative Entertainers]] || <ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/mr-chandramouli/movie-review/64872990.cms|title=Mr. Chandramouli Movie Review {2.5/5}: Mr. Chandramouli is largely underwhelming, mainly because of how formulaic it is|newspaper=The Times of India|access-date=4 August 2018}}</ref>
|-
| ''Roja Maaligai'' || Goutham || Amaran, Soumia, [[Aadukalam Naren]], [[Devadarshini]] || 1 Look Movies ||
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdacc;" | '''12'''
| ''[[Tamizh Padam 2]]'' || [[C. S. Amudhan]] || [[Shiva (actor)|Shiva]], [[Iswarya Menon]], [[Sathish]] ||[[YNOT Studios]] || <ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/thamizh-padam-2/movie-review/64956541.cms|title=Tamizh Padam 2 Movie Review {3.5/5}: Highly engaging performance by Shiva|newspaper=The Times of India|access-date=4 August 2018}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdacc;" | '''13'''
| ''[[Kadaikutty Singam]]'' || [[Pandiraj]] ||[[Karthi]], [[Sathyaraj]], [[Sayyeshaa]], [[Priya Bhavani Shankar]], [[Arthana Binu]] ||[[2D Entertainment]] || <ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/kadaikutty-singam/movie-review/64968449.cms|title=Kadaikutty Singam Movie Review {3/5}: Karthi steals the show as a proud farmer|newspaper=The Times of India|access-date=4 August 2018}}</ref>
|-
| ''Mangai Maanvizhi Ambugal'' || Vino || Prithvi Vijay, Mahi || Road Train Pictures || <ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/mangai-maanvizhi-ambugal/movie-review/64980953.cms|title=Mangai Maanvizhi Ambugal Movie Review {2.0/5}: Critic Review of Mangai Maanvizhi Ambugal by Times of India|newspaper=The Times of India|access-date=4 August 2018}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="4" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdacc;" | '''20'''
| ''[[Bodha (film)|Bodha]]'' || Suresh G. || Vicky, Mippu, [[Shanmugasundaram]] || 50 50 Films Entertainment ||<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/bodha/movie-review/65071639.cms|title=Bodha Movie Review {2.0/5}: Critic Review of Bodha by Times of India|newspaper=The Times of India|access-date=4 August 2018}}</ref>
|-
| ''Maya Bhavanam'' || Om Shri Kannaji || Om Shri Kannaji, Mamatha Rahuth Mammu, Aathma Patrick || Ham-Sham Studios ||
|-
| ''Ondikatta'' || [[Bharani (composer)|Bharani]] || Vikram Jagadish, Neha, [[Kovai Senthil]] || Friends Cine Media || <ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/ondikatta/movie-review/65071682.cms|title=Ondikatta Movie Review {1.5/5}: Critic Review of Ondikatta by Times of India|newspaper=The Times of India|access-date=4 August 2018}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Vinveli Payana Kurippugal]]'' || R. Jayaprakash || Athvik Jalandhar, Pooja Ramakrishnan, Jogikumar || Lemurian Thirakkalam || <ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/vinveli-payana-kurippukal/movie-review/65051492.cms|title=Vinveli Payana Kurippukal Movie Review {2.0/5}: Critic Review of Vinveli Payana Kurippukal by Times of India|newspaper=The Times of India|access-date=4 August 2018}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdacc;" | '''27'''
| ''[[Junga (film)|Junga]]'' || [[Gokul (director)|Gokul]] || [[Vijay Sethupathi]], [[Sayyeshaa]], [[Madonna Sebastian]] ||[[Vijay Sethupathi Productions]] || <ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/junga/movie-review/65156154.cms|title=Junga Movie Review {3.5/5}: Junga is fully worth your time and money|newspaper=The Times of India|access-date=4 August 2018}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Mohini (2018 film)|Mohini]]'' || [[Ramana Madhesh|Madhesh]] || [[Trisha (actress)|Trisha]], [[Jackky Bhagnani]], [[Suresh (actor, born 1963)|Suresh]], [[Poornima Bhagyaraj]] || Marvel Worth Productions ||<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/mohini/movie-review/65162151.cms|title=Mohini Movie Review {2.0/5}: Critic Review of Mohini by Times of India|newspaper=The Times of India|access-date=4 August 2018}}</ref>
|-
|- AUG!
! rowspan="25" style="text-align:center; background:thistle; textcolor:#000;" | A U G U S T
| rowspan="9" style="text-align:center; background:#d8d8d8;" | '''3'''
| ''Arali'' || A. R. Subbaraj || Madhu Soothan, Manjula Rathod || Am Rm Films ||
|-
| ''[[Enga Kattula Mazhai]]'' || Sri Balaji || Mithun, [[Sonu (actress)|Shruthi Ramakrishnan]], [[Appukutty]], [[Aruldoss]] || Vaali Film Visions || <ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/enga-kattula-mazhai/movie-review/65270144.cms|title=Enga Kattula Mazhai Movie Review {1.0/5}: Critic Review of Enga Kattula Mazhai by Times of India|access-date=22 March 2019|newspaper=The Times of India}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Ghajinikanth]]'' || [[Santhosh P. Jayakumar]] || [[Arya (actor)|Arya]], [[Sayyeshaa]], [[Karunakaran (actor)|Karunakaran]] ||[[Studio Green]] || <ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/ghajinikanth/movie-review/65234880.cms|title=Ghajinikanth Movie Review {2.5/5}: Ghajinikanth is entertaining only in places|access-date=22 March 2019|newspaper=The Times of India}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Kadal Kuthiraigal]]'' || [[Pugazhendhi Thangaraj]] || [[Rohini (actress)|Rohini]], [[Thalaivasal Vijay]], [[Bose Venkat]], [[Sreedhanya]] || Global Media Invest || <ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/kadal-kuthiraigal/movie-review/65270167.cms|title=Kadal Kuthiraigal Movie Review {0.5/5}: Critic Review of Kadal Kuthiraigal by Times of India|access-date=22 March 2019|newspaper=The Times of India}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Kadikara Manithargal]]'' || Vaigarai Balan || [[Kishore (actor, born 1974)|Kishore]], [[Karunakaran (actor)|Karunakaran]], Latha Rao || Christ P International || <ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/kadikara-manithargal/movie-review/65249336.cms|title=Kadikara Manithargal Movie Review {2.5/5}: Critic Review of Kadikara Manithargal by Times of India|access-date=22 March 2019|newspaper=The Times of India}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Kattu Paya Sir Intha Kaali]]'' || [[Youreka]] || Jaivanth, [[Iraa Agarwal]], [[Aadukalam Naren]] || White Horse Cinemas || <ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/kattu-paya-sir-intha-kaali/movie-review/65249312.cms|title=Kattu Paya Sir Intha Kaali Movie Review {1.5/5}: Critic Review of Kattu Paya Sir Intha Kaali by Times of India|access-date=22 March 2019|newspaper=The Times of India}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Maniyaar Kudumbam]]'' || [[Thambi Ramaiah]] || [[Umapathy Ramaiah]], [[Mrudula Murali]], [[Samuthirakani]], [[Thambi Ramaiah]] || Vu Cinemas || <ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/maniyaar-kudumbam/movie-review/65259108.cms|title=Maniyaar Kudumbam Movie Review {2.5/5}: Critic Review of Maniyaar Kudumbam by Times of India|access-date=22 March 2019|newspaper=The Times of India}}</ref>
|-
| ''Nadodi Kanavu'' || Veera Selva || [[Mahendran (actor)|Mahendran]], Subraja, [[K. Sivasankar|Sivasankar]] || RRR Productions || <ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/nadodi-kanavu/movie-review/65263686.cms|title=Nadodi Kanavu Movie Review {2.0/5}: Critic Review of Nadodi Kanavu by Times of India|access-date=22 March 2019|newspaper=The Times of India}}</ref>
|-
| ''Poya Velaya Patthukkittu'' || Viruthai Vel || Sandeep, [[Anu Krishna]], Sai Gopiee || Harisritha Production ||
|-
| rowspan="5" style="text-align:center; background:#d8d8d8;" | '''10'''
| ''[[Azhagumagan]]'' || Azhagan Selva || Arjun Udhay, [[Malavika Wales]], [[Singampuli]], [[Ilavarasu]] || Avatar Movies ||
|-
| ''Kadhal Enakku Romba Pidikkum'' || C. Sakthivel || Suryavarman, Rio || Win Pictures ||
|-
| ''Moondru Rasikarkal'' || Shebi || [[Roshan Basheer]], [[Thalaivasal Vijay]], Yazir Saleem || Al-Tari Movies ||
|-
| ''[[Pyaar Prema Kaadhal]]'' || Elan || [[Harish Kalyan]], [[Raiza Wilson]] ||[[Yuvan Shankar Raja|K Films]] || <ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/pyaar-prema-kaadhal/movie-review/65349797.cms|title=Pyaar Prema Kaadhal Movie Review {3.0/5}: Critic Review of Pyaar Prema Kaadhal by Times of India|access-date=22 March 2019|newspaper=The Times of India}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Vishwaroopam II|Vishwaroopam 2]]'' || [[Kamal Haasan]] || [[Kamal Haasan]], [[Rahul Bose]], [[Pooja Kumar]], [[Andrea Jeremiah]]||[[V. Ravichandran (film producer)|Aascar Films]], [[Raaj Kamal Films International]] || <ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/vishwaroopam-2/movie-review/65348019.cms|title=Vishwaroopam 2 Movie Review {2.5/5}: Critic Review of Vishwaroopam 2 by Times of India|access-date=22 March 2019|newspaper=The Times of India}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3" style="text-align:center; background:#d8d8d8;" | '''17'''
| ''[[Kolamavu Kokila]]'' || Nelson Dilipkumar || [[Nayanthara]], [[Yogi Babu]], [[Saranya Ponvannan]] ||[[Lyca Productions]] || <ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/kolamaavu-kokila/movie-review/65434034.cms|title=Kolamaavu Kokila Movie Review {3.5/5}: Critic Review of Kolamaavu Kokila by Times of India|access-date=22 March 2019|newspaper=The Times of India}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Marainthirunthu Paarkum Marmam Enna]]'' || Rahesh || [[Dhruvva]], [[Aishwarya Dutta]], [[Radharavi]], [[J. D. Chakravarthy]] || Etcetera Entertainment || <ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/marainthirunthu-parkum-marmam-enna/movie-review/65430213.cms|title=Marainthirunthu Parkum Marmam Enna Movie Review {2.5/5}: Critic Review of Marainthirunthu Parkum Marmam Enna by Times of India|access-date=22 March 2019|newspaper=The Times of India}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Odu Raja Odu]]'' || Nishanth, Jathin || [[Guru Somasundaram]], [[Nassar (actor)|Nassar]], [[Lakshmi Priyaa Chandramouli]] || Vijay Moolan Talkies || <ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/odu-raja-odu/movie-review/65420082.cms|title=Odu Raja Odu Movie Review {3.0/5}: Critic Review of Odu Raja Odu by Times of India|access-date=22 March 2019|newspaper=The Times of India}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="4" style="text-align:center; background:#d8d8d8;" | '''24'''
| ''[[Echcharikkai]]'' || Sarjun || [[Sathyaraj]], [[Varalaxmi Sarathkumar]], [[Kishore (actor, born 1974)|Kishore]], [[Vivek Rajgopal]] || Timeline Cinemas || <ref name="indiatimes.com">{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/echarikkai-ithu-manithargal-nadamaadum-idam/movie-review/65505147.cms|title=Echcharikkai Movie Review {3/5}: Critic Review of 'Echcharikkai' by Times of India|access-date=11 June 2020|newspaper=The Times of India}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Kalari (2018 film)|Kalari]]'' || Kiran Chand || [[Krishna (Tamil actor)|Kreshna]], [[Vidya Pradeep]], [[Jayaprakash (actor)|Jayaprakash]] || Nakshatra Movie Magic || <ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/kalari/movie-review/65526224.cms|title=Kalari Movie Review {2/5}: Critic Review of Kalari by Times of India|access-date=22 March 2019|newspaper=The Times of India}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Lakshmi (2018 film)|Lakshmi]]'' || [[A. L. Vijay]] || [[Prabhu Deva]], [[Ditya Bhande]], [[Aishwarya Rajesh]]|| Pramod Films || <ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/lakshmi/movie-review/65529180.cms|title=Lakshmi Movie Review {2.5/5}: Critic Review of Lakshmi by Times of India|access-date=22 March 2019|newspaper=The Times of India}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Merku Thodarchi Malai]]'' || Lenin Bharathi || Antony, Gayathri Krishnaa, Abu Valayankulam ||[[Vijay Sethupathi]] Productions || <ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/merku-thodarchi-malai/movie-review/65501005.cms|title=Merku Thodarchi Malai Movie Review {3.5/5}: Critic Review of 'Merku Thodarchi Malai' by Times of India|access-date=22 March 2019|newspaper=The Times of India}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#d8d8d8;" | '''30'''
| ''[[Imaikkaa Nodigal]]'' || [[R. Ajay Gnanamuthu|Ajay Gnanamuthu]] || [[Nayanthara]], [[Atharvaa]], [[Raashi Khanna]], [[Anurag Kashyap]] || Cameo Films India ||<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/imaikkaa-nodigal/movie-review/65606123.cms|title=Imaikkaa Nodigal Review {3.5/5}: Unpredictable twists and engaging thrill factor|access-date=22 March 2019|newspaper=The Times of India}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3" style="text-align:center; background:#d8d8d8;" | '''31'''
| ''[[60 Vayadu Maaniram]]'' || [[Radha Mohan]] || [[Vikram Prabhu]], [[Prakash Raj]], [[Samuthirakani]], Indhuja ||[[S. Thanu|V Creations]] || <ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/60-vayadu-maaniram/movie-review/65622174.cms|title=60 Vayadu Maaniram Movie Review {3.0/5}: Critic Review of 60 Vayadu Maaniram by Times of India|access-date=22 March 2019|newspaper=The Times of India}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Aaruthra]]'' || [[Pa. Vijay]] || [[Pa. Vijay]], [[Meghali]], [[K. Bhagyaraj]], [[S. A. Chandrasekhar]] ||[[Pa. Vijay|Banner Vil Makers]] || <ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/aaruthra/movie-review/65610630.cms|title=Aaruthra Movie Review {2/5}: Ample emotions, over-the-top action, partly-convincing heroism and a message|access-date=22 March 2019|newspaper=The Times of India}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Annanukku Jai (2018 film)|Annanukku Jai]]'' || Rajkumar || [[Attakathi Dinesh|Dinesh]], [[Mahima Nambiar]], [[RJ Balaji]] ||[[Vetrimaaran|Grassroot Film Company]] || <ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/annanukku-jey/movie-review/65621071.cms|title=Annanukku Jey Movie Review {3.5/5}: Critic Review of Annanukku Jey by Times of India|access-date=22 March 2019|newspaper=The Times of India}}</ref>
|-
|- SEP!
! rowspan="15" style="text-align:center; background:#98fb98; textcolor:#000;" | S E P T E M B E R
| rowspan="6" style="text-align:center; background:#e0f9e0; "|'''7'''
| ''[[Avalukkenna Azhagiya Mugam]]'' || A. Kesavan || Vijay Karthik, Poovarasan, Sabaree, [[Yogi Babu]]|| Kathiravan Studios || <ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/avalukkenna-azhagiya-mugam/movie-review/65728861.cms|title=Avalukkenna Azhagiya Mugam Movie Review {1.5/5}: Critic Review of Avalukkenna Azhagiya Mugam by Times of India|access-date=22 March 2019|newspaper=The Times of India}}</ref>
|-
| ''Padithavudan Kilithu Vidavum'' || Hari Uttiraa || [[Cool Suresh]], [[Aryan (Tamil actor)|Panparag Ravi]], [[Nellai Siva]] || I Creations ||
|-
| ''Rajavin Paarvai Raniyin Pakkam'' || Azhagu Raj || Adhava, [[Avanthika Mohan]], Gana Ulaganathan || Vikash Film International ||
|-
| ''[[Torchlight (2018 film)|Torchlight]]'' || [[Majith|Abdul Majith]] || [[Sadha]], [[Riythvika]], Varun Udhai || Confident Film Cafe ||
|-
| ''[[Thodraa]]'' || Madhu Raj || [[Prithvi Rajan]], Veena Nandakumar, M. S. Kumar || J. S. Aburvaa Production || <ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/thodraa/movie-review/65715708.cms|title=Thodraa Movie Review {2.0/5}: Critic Review of Thodraa by Times of India|access-date=22 March 2019|newspaper=The Times of India}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Vanjagar Ulagam]]'' || Manoj Beedha || [[Guru Somasundaram]], [[Anisha Ambrose]], [[Chandini Tamilarasan]] || Labyrinth Films || <ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/vanjagar-ulagam/movie-review/65711693.cms|title=Vanjagar Ulagam Movie Review {2.5/5}: Critic Review of Vanjagar Ulagam by Times of India|access-date=22 March 2019|newspaper=The Times of India}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:#e0f9e0; "|'''13'''
| ''[[Seema Raja]]'' || [[Ponram]] || [[Sivakarthikeyan]], [[Samantha Akkineni|Samantha]], [[Simran (actress)|Simran]] ||[[R. D. Raja|24AM Studios]] || <ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/seemaraja/movie-review/65793941.cms|title=Seema Raja Movie Review {2.5/5}: Seemaraja shows some ambition – in terms of scale and visuals|access-date=22 March 2019|newspaper=The Times of India}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[U Turn (2018 film)|U Turn]]'' || [[Pawan Kumar (director)|Pawan Kumar]] || [[Samantha Akkineni|Samantha]], [[Aadhi (actor)|Aadhi]], [[Narain (actor)|Narain]], [[Rahul Ravindran]] || Pawan Kumar Studios || <ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/u-turn/movie-review/65795962.cms|title=U Turn Review {3/5}: An interesting remake with enough twists and turns|access-date=22 March 2019|newspaper=The Times of India}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="4" style="text-align:center; background:#e0f9e0; "|'''21'''
| ''Eghantham'' || Arsal Arumugam || Vivanth, Neeraja, [[Thennavan (actor)|Thennavan]], [[Anupama Kumar]] || Annai Tamil Cinemas ||
|-
| ''Medai'' || S. N. Hariram || Pugazh, Selvam || Priyam Movie Creations ||
|-
| ''[[Raja Ranguski]]'' || [[Dharani Dharan]] || Shirish, [[Chandini Tamilarasan]], [[Anupama Kumar]] || Vasan Productions || <ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/raja-ranguski/movie-review/65891558.cms|title=Raja Ranguski Movie Review {2.5/5}: Critic Review of Raja Ranguski by Times of India|access-date=22 March 2019|newspaper=The Times of India}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Saamy Square]]'' || [[Hari (director)|Hari]] || [[Vikram (actor)|Vikram]], [[Keerthy Suresh]], [[Aishwarya Rajesh]], [[Bobby Simha]] ||[[Thameens Films]] || <ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/saamy-2/movie-review/65895241.cms|title=Saamy Square Movie Review {2/5}: Saamy 2 is a watered down version of the first film|access-date=22 March 2019|newspaper=The Times of India}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#e0f9e0; "|'''27'''
| ''[[Chekka Chivantha Vaanam]]'' || [[Mani Ratnam]] || [[Arvind Swami]], [[Silambarasan]], [[Arun Vijay]], [[Vijay Sethupathi]], [[Jyothika]], [[Aditi Rao Hydari]], [[Aishwarya Rajesh]] ||[[Lyca Productions]], [[Madras Talkies]] || <ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/chekka-chivantha-vaanam/movie-review/65974404.cms|title=Chekka Chivantha Vaanam Movie Review {3.5/5}: Mani Ratnam gives us a delicious twist on The Godfather with CCV|access-date=22 March 2019|newspaper=The Times of India}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:#e0f9e0; "|'''28'''
| ''Aadavar'' || Sriranjan || Kiran, Saravanan, Gana Ulaganathan || Thambi Deiva Media ||
|-
| ''[[Pariyerum Perumal]]'' || Mari Selvaraj || [[Kathir (actor)|Kathir]], [[Anandhi (actress)|Anandhi]], [[Yogi Babu]] ||[[Pa. Ranjith|Neelam Productions]] || <ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/pariyerum-perumal/movie-review/65984144.cms|title=Pariyerum Perumal Movie Review {4/5}: A hard-hitting anti-caste drama|access-date=22 March 2019|newspaper=The Times of India}}</ref>
|}

=== October – December ===




{| class="wikitable sortable"
|- style="background
! colspan="2" | Opening
! style="width:20%;"| Title
! Director
! Cast
! Studio
! Ref
|- OCTOBER!
! rowspan="16" style="text-align:center; background:#ffa07a; textcolor:#000;" |O C T O B E R
| rowspan="4" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdacc;" |'''5'''
| ''[['96 (film)|'96]]'' || Prem Kumar || [[Vijay Sethupathi]], [[Trisha (actress)|Trisha]], Aadhitya Bhaskhar, [[Gouri G. Kishan]] || Madras Enterprises || <ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/96/movie-review/66032687.cms|title=96 Movie Review {3.5/5}: 96 taps into nostalgia to leave us with a high that only happy associations with our past can evoke|access-date=22 March 2019|newspaper=The Times of India}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[NOTA (film)|Nota]]'' || [[Anand Shankar]] || [[Vijay Devarakonda]], [[Mehreen Pirzada]], [[Sanchana Natarajan|Sathyaraj]], [[Nassar (actor)|Nassar]]||[[Studio Green]] || <ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/nota/movie-review/66079998.cms|title=Nota Review {3/5}: The political scenes are the film's strengths; in fact, its only strengths – Nota Tamil Movie Review|access-date=22 March 2019|newspaper=The Times of India}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Raatchasan]]'' || Ramkumar || [[Vishnu Vishal|Vishnu]], [[Amala Paul]], [[Kaali Venkat]] || Axess Film Factory || <ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/ratchasan/movie-review/66060130.cms|title=Ratchasan Movie Review {3.5/5}: Ratsasan is a competent thriller, for the most part.|access-date=22 March 2019|newspaper=The Times of India}}</ref>
|-
| ''Yaagan'' || Vinoth Thangavel || Sajan, [[Anjena Kirti]], Jayaraj || Mappanar Production ||
|-
| rowspan="7" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdacc;" | '''12'''
| ''[[Aan Devathai]]'' || Thaamira || [[Samuthirakani]], [[Ramya Pandian]], [[Radha Ravi]] ||Sigaram Cinemas ||<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/aan-devathai/movie-review/66144047.cms|title=Aan Devathai Review {2.5/5}: This family drama has a tried-and-tested screenplay, with only a few engaging scenes|access-date=22 March 2019|newspaper=The Times of India}}</ref>
|-
| ''Adanga Pasanga'' || R. Selvanathan || Arivazhagan, Jalandhar Rajendhiran, Narthagi Swathi || New Vision Creations ||
|-
| ''Amavasai'' || Rakesh Sawant || [[Jai Akash]], [[Nupur Mehta]], [[Mumaith Khan]] || Rakesh Sawant Production ||
|-
| ''Kalavani Sirukki'' || [[Ravi Rahul]] || Saamy, Diwakar Sankar Ganesh, Anju Reddy || Rana Creations ||
|-
| ''[[Koothan]]'' || Venky AL || Rajkumar, Srijita Ghosh, [[Nagendra Prasad]], [[K. Bhagyaraj]] || Nilgiris Dream Entertainment ||<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/koothan/movie-review/66158857.cms|title=Koothan Movie Review {1.5/5}: The film is a tiresome watch|access-date=22 March 2019|newspaper=The Times of India}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Manusangada]]'' || Amshan Kumar || Rajeev Anand, Manimegalai, Sheela Rajkumar || AK Films ||<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/manusangada/movie-review/66159767.cms|title=Manusangada Movie Review {3/5}: The film declares solidarity to the sidelined sections of the society|access-date=22 March 2019|newspaper=The Times of India}}</ref>
|-
| ''Moonavathu Kann'' || A. V. Giri || [[Bose Venkat]], Varun, [[A. C. Murali Mohan|Murali Mohan]] || Arunalaya Cinema ||
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#ffdacc;"| '''17'''
| ''[[Vada Chennai]]''||[[Vetrimaaran]]||[[Dhanush]], [[Aishwarya Rajesh]], [[Andrea Jeremiah]], [[Samuthirakani]]||[[Wunderbar Films]]||<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/vada-chennai/movie-review/66255067.cms|title=Vada Chennai Review {3.5/5}: The sprawling nature of the narrative makes it truly an epic|access-date=22 March 2019|newspaper=The Times of India}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdacc;" | '''18'''
| ''[[Ezhumin]]'' || V. P. Viji || [[Vivek (actor)|Vivek]], [[Devayani (actress)|Devayani]], [[Azhagam Perumal]] || Vaiyam Mediyas ||<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/ezhumin/movie-review/66255830.cms|title=Ezhumin Movie Review {2.5/5}: Ezhumin has only little to offer|access-date=22 March 2019|newspaper=The Times of India}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Sandakozhi 2]]'' || [[N. Linguswamy]] || [[Vishal (actor)|Vishal]], [[Keerthy Suresh]], [[Varalaxmi Sarathkumar]], [[Rajkiran]] ||[[Vishal Film Factory]] ||<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/sandakozhi-2/movie-review/66267907.cms|title=Sandakozhi 2 Review {3/5}: The film lacks punch of the first film but remains tolerable even in its less compelling portions|access-date=22 March 2019|newspaper=The Times of India}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdacc;"| '''26'''
| ''[[Genius (2018 Tamil film)|Genius]]'' || [[Suseenthiran]] || Roshan, [[Priyaa Lal]], [[Singampuli]], [[Aadukalam Naren]] || Sakthi Film Factory || <ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/genius/movie-review/66355691.cms|title=Genius Movie Review {2/5}: A message film filled with convoluted, preposterous scenes|access-date=22 March 2019|newspaper=The Times of India}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Jarugandi]]'' || A. N. Pitchumani || [[Jai (actor)|Jai]], [[Reba Monica John]], [[Amit Tiwari]], [[Daniel Annie Pope]] ||[[Nithin Sathya|Shvedh Group]] || <ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/jarugandi/movie-review/66376125.cms|title=Jarugandi Review {2.5/5}: The movie has some engaging moments, but that isn't enough to hold your attention completely|access-date=22 March 2019|newspaper=The Times of India}}</ref>
|-
|- NOVEMBER!
! rowspan="17" style="text-align:center; background:thistle; textcolor:#000;"|N O V E M B E R
| rowspan="3" style="text-align:center; background:#d8d8d8;" | '''2'''
| ''Raaga Thaalangal'' || R. Thirupathi Rajaji || Vijayan, [[Silk Smitha]] || Sri Dandayudhapani Movies ||
|-
| ''[[Santhoshathil Kalavaram]]'' || Kranthi Prasad || [[Ravi Mariya]], Rudra Aura, Niranth, Kalyan || Sree Guru Cinemas || <ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/santhoshathil-kalavaram/movie-review/66475157.cms|title=Santhoshathil Kalavaram Movie Review {1.5/5}: Critic Review of Santhoshathil Kalavaram by Times of India|access-date=22 March 2019|newspaper=The Times of India}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Vanmurai Paguthi]]'' || Nagaraj || Manikandan, NSKJ Manogara, Raja, Rafia Jaffer || Madurai Meenakshi Creations || <ref>{{cite web | title='Vanmurai Paguthi' movie review: Partly violent, mostly disappointing | date=3 November 2018 | url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2018/Nov/02/vanmurai-paguthi-movie-review-partly-violent-mostly-disappointing-1893497.html }}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3" style="text-align:center; background:#d8d8d8;" | '''6'''
| ''[[Billa Pandi]]'' || [[Saravana Sakthi|Raj Sethupathy]] || [[R. K. Suresh]], [[Indhuja Ravichandran]], [[Chandini Tamilarasan]] || J. K. Film Productions || <ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/billa-pandi/movie-review/66501107.cms|title=Billa Pandi Movie Review {2.5/5}: Critic Review of Billa Pandi by Times of India|access-date=22 March 2019|newspaper=The Times of India}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Kalavani Mappillai]]'' || Gandhi Manivasagam || [[Attakathi Dinesh|Dinesh]], Adhiti Menon, [[Devayani (actress)|Devayani]] || Rajapushpa Pictures || <ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/kalavani-mappillai/movie-review/66525598.cms|title=Kalavani Mappillai Movie Review {2/5}: Critic Review of Kalavani Mappillai by Times of India|access-date=22 March 2019|newspaper=The Times of India}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Sarkar (2018 film)|Sarkar]]'' || [[AR Murugadoss]] || [[Vijay (actor)|Vijay]], [[Keerthy Suresh]], [[Varalaxmi Sarathkumar]] ||[[Sun Pictures]] || <ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/sarkar/movie-review/66520273.cms|title=Sarkar Review {3/5}: Vijay is in top form in a smart film that has a good message|access-date=22 March 2019|newspaper=The Times of India}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3" style="text-align:center; background:#d8d8d8;" | '''16'''
| ''[[Kaatrin Mozhi]]'' || [[Radha Mohan]] || [[Jyothika]], [[Lakshmi Manchu]], [[Vidharth]] ||[[G. Dhananjayan|BOFTA Entertainment]] || <ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/kaatrin-mozhi/movie-review/66642775.cms|title=Kaatrin Mozhi Review {3.5/5}: Vidya Balan starrer is an engaging entertainer|access-date=22 March 2019|newspaper=The Times of India}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Thimiru Pudichavan]]'' || Ganeshaa || [[Vijay Antony]], [[Nivetha Pethuraj]], [[Sai Dheena]] ||[[Vijay Antony]] Film Corporation || <ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/thimiru-pudichavan/movie-review/66651081.cms|title=Thimiru Pudichavan Movie Review {2.5/5}: Critic Review of Thimiru Pudichavan by Times of India|access-date=22 March 2019|newspaper=The Times of India}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Utharavu Maharaja]]'' || Asif Kuraishi || [[Udhaya (actor)|Udhaya]], [[Priyanka Thimmesh]], [[Prabhu (actor)|Prabhu]] ||[[Udhaya (actor)|Jaeshan Studios]] || <ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/utharavu-maharaja/movie-review/66637202.cms|title=Utharavu Maharaja Review {2/5}: The movie lacks the filmmaking panache that such a premise needs|access-date=22 March 2019|newspaper=The Times of India}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="7" style="text-align:center; background:#d8d8d8;" | '''23'''
| ''[[Karimugan]]'' || Chella Thangaiah || [[Senthil Ganesh]], [[Gayatri Rema]] || A Vimal Production ||<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/karimugan/movie-review/66783650.cms|title=Karimugan Movie Review {1.5/5}: Critic Review of Karimugan by Times of India|access-date=22 March 2019|newspaper=The Times of India}}</ref>
|-
| ''Karthikeyanum Kaanamal Pona Kadhaliyum'' || M. A. Bala || Deepak, Haritha, [[Pandi (actor)|Black Pandi]] || Twinkle Labs Production ||
|-
| ''[[Pattinapakkam]]'' || Jayadev || [[Kalaiyarasan]], [[Anaswara Kumar]], [[Chaya Singh]] || SP Cinemas || <ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/pattinapakkam/movie-review/66769781.cms|title=Pattinapakkam Movie Review {1.5/5}: Critic Review of Pattinapakkam by Times of India|access-date=22 March 2019|newspaper=The Times of India}}</ref>
|-
| ''Sagavaasam'' || S. Thomas Newton || Rajarajan, Jayashree, [[Srinivasan (actor)|Power Star Srinivasan]] || Sathiyan Movies ||
|-
| ''[[Sei (film)|Sei]]'' || Raj Babu || [[Nakul (actor)|Nakkhul]], [[Aanchal Munjal]], [[Chandrika Ravi]] || Trippy Turtle Productions ||<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/sei/movie-review/66759252.cms|title=Sei Review {2/5}: The twists in the movie and Chandrika Ravi's glamorous presence do not create much impact|access-date=22 March 2019|newspaper=The Times of India}}</ref>
|-
| ''Semmari Aadu'' || Sathish Subramanyam || Sathish Subramanyam, Haritha, Gopitha || Paisa Creations ||
|-
| ''[[Vandi (film)|Vandi]]'' || Rajeesh Bala || [[Vidharth]], [[Chandini Tamilarasan]], [[John Vijay]] || Rooby Films ||<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/vandi/movie-review/66770058.cms|title=Vandi Movie Review {2.0/5}: Critic Review of Vandi by Times of India|access-date=22 March 2019|newspaper=The Times of India}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#d8d8d8;" | '''29'''
| ''[[2.0 (film)|2.0]]'' || [[S. Shankar|Shankar]] || [[Rajinikanth]], [[Akshay Kumar]], [[Amy Jackson]] ||[[Lyca Productions]] ||<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/2-0/movie-review/66858163.cms|title=2.0 Movie Review {3/5}: The climactic battle between 2.0 and Pakshiraja ensures that we get the bangs for our bucks|access-date=22 March 2019|newspaper=The Times of India}}</ref>
|- DECEMBER!
! rowspan="17" style="text-align:center; background:#98fb98; textcolor:#000;" |D E C E M B E R
| rowspan="4" style="text-align:center; background:#e0f9e0;" | '''7'''
| ''[[Dhoni Kabadi Kuzhu]]'' || P. Iyappan || [[My Dear Bootham Abhilash|Abhilash]], [[Leema Babu]], Pugazh, Thenali || Manitham Thiraikkalam || <ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/dhoni-kabadi-kuzhu/movie-review/66981127.cms|title=Dhoni Kabadi Kuzhu Review {1.5/5}: The film is an amateurish exercise that struggles to keep us hooked|access-date=22 March 2019|newspaper=The Times of India}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Evanukku Engeyo Matcham Irukku]]'' || A. R. Mukesh || [[Vimal (actor)|Vimal]], [[Ashna Zaveri]], [[Shamna Kasim|Poorna]] || Sai Productions || <ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/evanukku-engeyo-matcham-irukku/movie-review/66987280.cms|title=Evanukku Engeyo Matcham Irukku Movie Review {2.5/5}: Critic Review of Evanukku Engeyo Matcham Irukku by Times of India|access-date=22 March 2019|newspaper=The Times of India}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Seemathurai]]'' || Santhosh Thiyagarajan || Geethan Britto, [[Varsha Bollamma]], Adesh Bala|| Buvan Media Works || <ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/seemathurai/movie-review/66981178.cms|title=Seemathurai Review {2/5}: This rural romance, seems to be trying to be another Kalavaani, but a clichéd treatment works against it|access-date=22 March 2019|newspaper=The Times of India}}</ref>
|-
| ''Vinai Ariyar'' || K. T. Murugan || Jack Robinson, Kamali, [[Udayaraj]], [[Scissor Manohar]]|| Naagai Films ||
|-
| rowspan="6" style="text-align:center; background:#e0f9e0;" | '''14'''
| ''Bayangaramana Aalu'' || Arasar Raja || Arasar Raja, Risha, [[Ganja Karuppu]] || Pharristha Pictures ||
|-
| ''[[Johnny (2018 film)|Johnny]]'' || P. Vetriselvan || [[Prashanth]], [[Sanchita Shetty]], [[Ashutosh Rana]] ||[[Thiagarajan|Staar Movies]] || <ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/johnny/movie-review/67090653.cms|title=Johnny Movie Review {2.0/5}: Critic Review of Johnny by Times of India|access-date=22 March 2019|newspaper=The Times of India}}</ref>
|-
| ''Prabha'' || A. Nanthan || Swasika, Vijayaram, Rajinipani || Tamizh Thirai Niruvanam ||
|-
| ''Thiru'' || Karthik Sivan || Karthik Sivan, Kushi Nair, Mohamed Dawood || Rock Entertainments ||
|-
| ''Thulam'' || Rajanagajothi || Nivad, Jayshree, [[Ponnambalam (actor)|Ponnambalam]], [[Manobala]] || Magical Creations Movies ||
|-
| ''[[Thuppakki Munai]]'' || Dinesh Selvaraj || [[Vikram Prabhu]], [[Hansika Motwani]], [[Vela Ramamoorthy]] ||[[S. Thanu|V Creations]] || <ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/thuppakki-munai/movie-review/67071146.cms|title=Thuppakki Munai Movie Review {3/5}: Critic Review of Thuppakki Munai by Times of India|access-date=22 March 2019|newspaper=The Times of India}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#e0f9e0;" | '''20'''
| ''[[Seethakaathi]]'' || [[Balaji Tharaneetharan]] || [[Vijay Sethupathi]], [[Archana (actress)|Archana]], [[Mahendran (filmmaker)|Mahendran]] ||[[Arun Vaidyanathan|Passion Studios]] || <ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/seethakaathi/movie-review/67131737.cms|title=Seethakaathi Review {3.5/5}: Seethakathi is artsy and also entertaining, with a fine performance from Vijay Sethupathi|access-date=22 March 2019|newspaper=The Times of India}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="4" style="text-align:center; background:#e0f9e0;" | '''21'''
| ''[[Adanga Maru]]'' || Karthik Thangavel || [[Jayam Ravi]], [[Raashi Khanna]] || Home Movie Makers || <ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/adanga-maru/movie-review/67181071.cms|title=Adanga Maru Review {3/5}: Adanga Maru has a routine plot, but the treatment makes it fast-paced and interesting|access-date=22 March 2019|newspaper=The Times of India}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Kanaa (film)|Kanaa]]'' || [[Arunraja Kamaraj]] || [[Aishwarya Rajesh]], [[Sathyaraj]], Darshan ||[[Sivakarthikeyan]] Productions || <ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/kanaa/movie-review/67152622.cms|title=Kanaa Review {3.5/5}: A crowdpleasing sports movie that also doubles up as a message movie on farmers|access-date=22 March 2019|newspaper=The Times of India}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Maari 2]]'' || [[Balaji Mohan]] || [[Dhanush]], [[Sai Pallavi]], [[Krishna (Tamil actor)|Kreshna]], [[Tovino Thomas]] ||[[Wunderbar Films]] || <ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/maari-2/movie-review/67187410.cms|title=Maari 2 Review {2.5/5}: Maari 2 turns the naughty don into a nice one, leading to an underwhelming film|access-date=22 March 2019|newspaper=The Times of India}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Silukkuvarupatti Singam]]'' || Chella || [[Vishnu Vishal|Vishnu]], [[Regina Cassandra]], [[Oviya]] ||[[Vishnu Vishal]] Studioz || <ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/silukkuvarupatti-singam/movie-review/67168916.cms|title=Silukkuvarupatti Singam Review {3/5}: A largely family-friendly comedy that manages to be a lighthearted diversion|access-date=22 March 2019|newspaper=The Times of India}}</ref>
|-
|}

==Awards==
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 90%;"
|-
! rowspan="1" style="width:20px;"| Category/organization !! rowspan="1" style="width:200px;"| [[66th Filmfare Awards South|Filmfare Awards South]] 21 December 2019<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/winners-of-the-66th-filmfare-awards-south-2019_-38163.html | title=Winners of the 66th Filmfare Awards (South) 2019 }}</ref> !! rowspan="1" style="width:200px;"| [[8th South Indian International Movie Awards|SIIMA Awards]] 16 August 2019<ref>{{cite web | url=http://siima.in/nomination.php | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180830030500/http://siima.in/nomination.php | archive-date=30 August 2018 | title=SIIMA AWARDS | 2018 | nominations | | }}</ref> !! rowspan="1" style="width:200px;"| [[Ananda Vikatan Cinema Awards]] 3 January 2019<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/director-mari-selvaraj-actors-trisha-and-dhanush-win-vikatan-awards-2018-see-full-list-94617 | title=Director Mari Selvaraj, actors Trisha and Dhanush win Vikatan Awards 2018: See full list | date=7 January 2019 }}</ref>
|-
| Best Film || ''[[Pariyerum Perumal]]'' || ''[[Pariyerum Perumal]]'' || ''[[Merku Thodarchi Malai]]''
|-
| Best Director || Ram Kumar ''[[Ratsasan]]'' || [[Pandiraj]] ''[[Kadaikutty Singam]]'' || [[Mari Selvaraj]] ''[[Pariyerum Perumal]]''
|-
| Best Actor || [[Dhanush]] / [[Vijay Sethupathi]] ''[[Vada Chennai]]'' / ''[['96 (film)|'96]]'' || [[Dhanush]] ''[[Vada Chennai]]'' || [[Dhanush]] ''[[Maari 2]]'' / ''[[Vada Chennai]]''
|-
| Best Actress || [[Trisha (actress)|Trisha]] ''[['96 (film)|'96]]'' || [[Trisha (actress)|Trisha]] ''[['96 (film)|'96]]'' || [[Trisha (actress)|Trisha]] ''[['96 (film)|'96]]''
|-
| Best Music Director || [[Govind Vasantha]] ''[['96 (film)|'96]]'' || [[Anirudh Ravichander]] ''[[Kolamavu Kokila]]'' || [[Santhosh Narayanan]] ''[[Kaala (2018 film)|Kaala]]'' / ''[[Pariyerum Perumal]]'' / ''[[Vada Chennai]]''
|}

== See also ==
* [[List of Tamil films of 2017]]
* [[List of Tamil films of 2019]]

== References ==
{{Reflist|2}}

{{Tamil cinema}}
{{Indian film list}}
{{2018 films}}

[[Category:Lists of 2018 films by language|Tamil]]
[[Category:Lists of Tamil films by year|2018]]
[[Category:2018 in Indian cinema|Tamil]]
[[Category:2018 Tamil-language films| ]]

Austric languages

2026-03-06T10:06:24Z

Felipa7295: starting the data v1

{{Short description|Hypothetical parent family of the Austroasiatic and Austronesian languages}}
{{Infobox language family
| name = Austric
| acceptance = proposed
| region = [[Southeast Asia]], [[Pacific Islands]], [[South Asia]], [[East Asia]], [[Madagascar]]
| familycolor = Superfamily
| family = Proposed language family
| child1 = [[Austroasiatic languages|Austroasiatic]]
| child2 = [[Austronesian languages|Austronesian]]
| child3 = [[Kra–Dai languages|Kra–Dai]] – sometimes included
| child4 = [[Hmong–Mien languages|Hmong–Mien]] – sometimes included
| glotto = none
| ancestor =
| glottoname =
| glottorefname =
| notes =
| map = Austric Languages.png
| mapcaption = The distribution of Austric languages
{{legend|#ff0000|[[Austroasiatic languages|Austroasiatic]]}}
{{legend|#ffa600|[[Austronesian languages|Austronesian]]}}
{{legend|#81c178|[[Kra-Dai languages|Kra-Dai]]}}
{{legend|#6186cb|[[Hmong-Mien languages|Hmong-Mien]]}}
}}

The '''Austric languages''' are a proposed language family that includes the [[Austronesian languages]] spoken in [[Taiwan]], [[Maritime Southeast Asia]], the [[Pacific Islands]], and [[Madagascar]], as well as [[Kra–Dai]] and [[Austroasiatic languages]] spoken in [[Mainland Southeast Asia]] and [[South Asia]]. A genetic relationship between these language families is seen as plausible by some scholars, but remains unproven.{{sfnp|Reid|2009}}{{sfnp|Blust|2013|pp=696–703}}

Additionally, [[Hmong–Mien languages]] are included by some linguists, and even [[Japanese language|Japanese]] was speculated to be Austric in an early version of the hypothesis by [[Paul K. Benedict]].{{sfnp|van Driem|2001|p=298}}

==History==
The Austric macrofamily was first proposed by the German missionary [[Wilhelm Schmidt (linguist)|Wilhelm Schmidt]] in 1906. He showed [[phonology|phonological]], [[morphology (linguistics)|morphological]], and [[lexical semantics|lexical]] evidence to support the existence of an Austric phylum consisting of [[Austroasiatic languages|Austroasiatic]] and [[Austronesian languages|Austronesian]].{{sfnp|Schmidt|1906}}{{efn|The terms "Austroasiatic" and "Austronesian" were in fact both coined by Schmidt. The previous common designations "Mon-Khmer" and "Malayo-Polynesian" are still in use, but each with a scope that is more limited than "Austroasiatic" and "Austronesian".}} Schmidt's proposal had a mixed reception among scholars of Southeast Asian languages, and received only little scholarly attention in the following decades.{{sfnp|Blust|2013|p=697}}

Research interest into Austric resurged in the late 20th century,<ref>{{harvp|Shorto|1976}}, {{harvp|Diffloth|1990}}, {{harvp|Diffloth|1994}}.</ref> culminating in a series of articles by La Vaughn H. Hayes, who presented a corpus of Proto-Austric vocabulary together with a reconstruction of Proto-Austric phonology,<ref>{{harvp|Hayes|1992}}, {{harvp|Hayes|1997}}, {{harvp|Hayes|1999}}, {{harvp|Hayes|2000}}, {{harvp|Hayes|2001}}.</ref> and by Lawrence Reid, focussing on morphological evidence.<ref>{{harvp|Reid|1994}}, {{harvp|Reid|1999}}, {{harvp|Reid|2005}}.</ref>

== Evidence ==
Reid (2005) lists the following pairs as "probable" cognates between [[Proto-Austroasiatic]] and [[Proto-Austronesian]].{{sfnp|Reid|2005|p=150–151}}

{| class="wikitable" style=text-align:center
! Gloss
! ashes !! dog !! snake !! belly !! eye !! father !! mother !! rotten !! buy
|-
! Proto-Austroasiatic
| *qabuh || *cu(q) || *[su](l̩)aR || *taʔal/*tiʔal || *mə(n)ta(q) || *(qa)ma(ma) || *(na)na || *ɣok || *pə[l̩]i
|-
! Proto-Austronesian
| *qabu || *asu || *SulaR || *tiaN || *maCa || *t-ama || *t-ina || *ma-buRuk || *beli
|}

Among the morphological evidence, he compares reconstructed affixes such as the following, and notes that shared [[infix]]es are less likely to be borrowed (for a further discussion of infixes in Southeast Asian languages, see also Barlow 2022<ref>Barlow, Russell. 2022. ''[https://seals31.sched.com/event/11UvQ/infix-preservation-and-loss-in-southeast-asia-typological-and-areal-factors Infix preservation and loss in Southeast Asia: Typological and areal factors]''. Presentation given at the 31st Annual Meeting of the Southeast Asian Linguistics Society (SEALS 31), [[University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa]], May 18–20, 2022. ([https://static.sched.com/hosted_files/seals31/f0/Barlow_infixes_SEALS31%20-%20Russell%20Barlow.pdf slides])</ref>).{{sfnp|Reid|2005|p=146}}
* prefix *pa- 'causative' (Proto-Austroasiatic, Proto-Austronesian)
* infix *-um- 'agentive' (Proto-Austroasiatic, Proto-Austronesian)
* infix *-in- 'instrumental' (Proto-Austroasiatic), 'nominalizer' (Proto-Austronesian)

Below are 10 selected Austric lexical comparisons by [[Gerard Diffloth|Diffloth]] (1994), as cited in [[Paul Sidwell|Sidwell]] & [[Lawrence A. Reid|Reid]] (2021):<ref name="WOL-MSEA-15">{{cite book|last1=Sidwell|first1=Paul|last2=Reid|first2=Lawrence A.|title=The Languages and Linguistics of Mainland Southeast Asia|chapter=Language macro-families and distant phylogenetic relations in MSEA|publisher=De Gruyter|date=2021|doi=10.1515/9783110558142-015|pages=261–276|isbn=9783110558142|s2cid=238653052}}</ref><ref>Diffloth, Gérard. 1994. The lexical evidence for Austric, so far. ''Oceanic Linguistics'' 33(2): 309–322.</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Gloss !! [[Proto-Austroasiatic]] !! [[Proto-Austronesian]]
|-
| ‘fish’ || *ʔaka̰ːʔ || *Sikan
|-
| ‘dog’ || *ʔac(ṵə)ʔ || *asu
|-
| ‘wood’ || *kəɟh(uː)ʔ || *kaSi
|-
| ‘eye’ || *ma̰t || *maCa
|-
| ‘bone’ || *ɟlʔaːŋ || *CuqelaN
|-
| ‘hair’ || *s(ɔ)k || *bukeS
|-
| ‘bamboo rat’ || Khmu ''dəkən'' || Malay ''dəkan''
|-
| ‘molar’ || Khmer ''thkìəm'' || Malay ''gərham''
|-
| ‘left’ || p-[[Monic languages|Monic]] *ɟwiːʔ || *ka-wiʀi
|-
| ‘ashes’ || [[Stieng language|Stieng]] *buh || *qabu
|}

== Extended proposals ==
The first extension to Austric was first proposed Wilhelm Schmidt himself, who speculated about including Japanese within Austric, mainly because of assumed [[Classification of the Japonic languages#Proposals relating Japonic languages to Southeast Asian language families|similarities between Japanese and the Austronesian languages]].{{sfnp|Schmidt|1930}} While the proposal about a link between Austronesian and Japanese still enjoys some following as a separate hypothesis, the inclusion of Japanese was not adopted by later proponents of Austric.

In 1942, [[Paul K. Benedict]] provisionally accepted the Austric hypothesis and extended it to include the [[Kra–Dai languages|Kra–Dai (Thai–Kadai) languages]] as an immediate sister branch to [[Austronesian languages|Austronesian]], and further speculated on the possibility to include the [[Hmong–Mien languages|Hmong–Mien (Miao–Yao) languages]] as well.{{sfnp|Benedict|1942}} However, he later abandoned the Austric proposal in favor of an extended version of the [[Austro-Tai languages|Austro-Tai hypothesis]].{{sfnp|Benedict|1991}}

[[Sergei Starostin]] adopted Benedict's extended 1942 version of Austric (i.e. including Kra–Dai and Hmong–Mien) within the framework of his larger Dené–Daic proposal, with Austric as a coordinate branch to [[Dené–Caucasian languages|Dené–Caucasian]], as shown in the tree below.<ref>Cited in {{harvp|van Driem|2005|p=309}}</ref>
{{clade
|label1=[[Dene-Daic]]
|1={{clade
|1={{clade
|label1='''Austric'''
|sublabel1=''sensu lato''
|1={{clade
|1={{clade
|label1=
|1=[[Hmong–Mien languages|Hmong–Mien]]
|2=[[Austroasiatic languages|Austroasiatic]]
}}
|2={{clade
|label1=[[Austro-Tai languages|Austro-Tai]]
|1={{clade
|1=[[Kra–Dai languages|Kra–Dai]]
|2=[[Austronesian languages|Austronesian]]
}}
}}
}}
}}
|2=[[Dené–Caucasian languages|Dené–Caucasian]]
}}
}}
Another long-range proposal for wider connections of Austric was brought forward by [[John Bengtson]], who grouped [[Nihali language|Nihali]] and [[Ainu language|Ainu]] together with [[Austroasiatic languages|Austroasiatic]], [[Austronesian languages|Austronesian]], [[Hmong–Mien languages|Hmong–Mien]], and [[Kra–Dai languages|Kra–Dai]] in a "Greater Austric" family.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Bengtson |first=John D. |year=2006 |title=A Multilateral Look at Greater Austric |journal=Mother Tongue |volume=11 |pages=219–258 |url=https://www.academia.edu/6158955}}</ref>

== Reception ==

In the second half of the last century, [[Paul K. Benedict]] raised a vocal critique of the Austric proposal, eventually calling it an 'extinct' proto-language.{{sfnp|Benedict|1976}}{{sfnp|Benedict|1991}}

Hayes' lexical comparisons, which were presented as supporting evidence for Austric between 1992 and 2001, were criticized for the greater part as methodologically unsound by several reviewers.{{sfnp|Reid|2005|p=134}}{{sfnp|Blust|2013|pp=700–703}} [[Robert Blust]], a leading scholar in the field of Austronesian comparative linguistics, pointed out "the radical disjunction of morphological and lexical evidence" which characterizes the Austric proposal; while he accepts the morphological correspondences between Austronesian and Austroasiatic as possible evidence for a remote genetic relationship, he considers the lexical evidence unconvincing.{{sfnp|Blust|2013|pp=703}}

A 2015 analysis using the [[Automated Similarity Judgment Program]] (ASJP) did not support the Austric hypothesis. In this analysis, the supposed "core" components of Austric were assigned to two separate, unrelated clades: Austro-Tai and Austroasiatic-Japonic.{{sfnp|Jäger|2015|p=12754}} Note however that ASJP is not widely accepted among historical linguists as an adequate method to establish or evaluate relationships between language families.<ref>Cf. comments by Adelaar, Blust and Campbell in {{harvp|Holman|2011}}.</ref>

==Distributions==
{{gallery
|width=225
|File:Austroasiatic-en.svg|Distribution of [[Austroasiatic languages]]
|File:Chronological dispersal of Austronesian people across the Pacific.svg|Distribution of [[Austronesian languages]]
|File:Taikadai-en.svg|Distribution of [[Kra–Dai languages]]
|File:Hmong-Mien-en.svg|Distribution of [[Hmong–Mien languages]]
}}

==See also==
* [[East Asian languages]]
* [[Austro-Tai languages]]
* [[Sino-Austronesian languages]]
* [[Mainland Southeast Asia linguistic area]]
* [[Classification of Southeast Asian languages]]
* [[Haplogroup O-M175]]

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{reflist|25em}}

=== Works cited ===
{{refbegin|2|indent=yes}}

* {{cite journal |last=Benedict |first=Paul K. |year=1942 |title=Thai, Kadai, and Indonesian: A New Alignment in Southeastern Asia |journal=American Anthropologist |issue=44 |volume=4 |pages=576–601|doi=10.1525/aa.1942.44.4.02a00040 |doi-access=free }}
* {{cite book |last=Benedict |first=Paul K. |author-mask=3 |year=1976 |chapter=Austro-Thai and Austroasiatic |editor-first1=Philip N. |editor-last1=Jenner| editor-first2=Laurence C. |editor-last2=Thompson |editor-first3=Stanley |editor-last3=Starosta |title=Austroasiatic Studies, Part I |series=Oceanic Linguistics Special Publications |issue=13 |pages=1–36 |location=Honolulu |publisher=University of Hawai{{okina}}i Press |jstor=20019153 }}
* {{cite book |last=Benedict |first=Paul K. |author-mask=3 |year=1991 |chapter=Austric: An 'Extinct' Proto-language |editor-last=Davidson |editor-first=Jeremy H. C. S. |title=Austroasiatic Languages: Essays in Honour of H. L. Shorto |pages=7–11 |location=London |publisher=School of Oriental and African Studies }}
* {{cite book |last=Blust |first=Robert |title=The Austronesian Languages |edition=revised |publisher=Australian National University |year=2013 |isbn=978-1-922185-07-5 |hdl=1885/10191 }}
* {{cite journal |last=Diffloth |first=Gerard |year=1990 |title=What Happened to Austric? |journal=[[Mon-Khmer Studies]] |volume=16–17 |pages=1–9 |url=http://sealang.net/sala/archives/pdf8/diffloth1987-1988what.pdf }}
* {{cite journal |last=Diffloth |first=Gerard |author-mask=3 |year=1994 |title=The lexical evidence for Austric so far |journal=Oceanic Linguistics |volume=33 |issue=2 |pages=309–321 |doi=10.2307/3623131 |jstor=3623131 }}
* {{Cite book |last=van Driem |first=George |date=2001 |title=Languages of the Himalayas. |series=Vol. 1 |location=Leiden |publisher=BRILL |isbn=9004120629 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fiavPYCz4dYC&pg=PA298}}
* {{cite book |last=van Driem |first=George |author-mask=3 |author-link=George van Driem |chapter=Sino-Austronesian vs. Sino-Caucasian, Sino-Bodic vs. Sino-Tibetan, and Tibeto-Burman as default theory |pages=285–338 |chapter-url=http://himalayanlanguages.org/files/driem/pdfs/2005Sino-Caucasian.pdf |title=Contemporary Issues in Nepalese Linguistics |editor-first=Yogendra P. |editor-last=Yadava |publisher=Linguistic Society of Nepal |year=2005 |isbn=978-99946-57-69-8 }}
* {{cite journal |last=Hayes |first=La Vaughn H. |year=1992 |title=On the Track of Austric, Part I: Introduction |journal=[[Mon-Khmer Studies]] |volume=21 |pages=143–77 |url=http://sealang.net/sala/archives/pdf8/hayes1992track.pdf }}
* {{cite journal |last=Hayes |first=La Vaughn H. |author-mask=3 |year=1997 |title=On the Track of Austric, Part II: Consonant Mutation in Early Austroasiatic |journal=[[Mon-Khmer Studies]] |volume=27 |pages=13–41 |url=http://sealang.net/sala/archives/pdf8/hayes1997track.pdf }}
* {{cite journal |last=Hayes |first=La Vaughn H. |author-mask=3 |year=1999 |title=On the Track of Austric, Part III: Basic Vocabulary Correspondence |journal=[[Mon-Khmer Studies]] |volume=29 |pages=1–34 |url=http://sealang.net/sala/archives/pdf8/hayes1999track.pdf }}
* {{cite journal |last=Hayes |first=La Vaughn H. |author-mask=3 |year=2000 |title=The Austric Denti-alveolar Sibilants |journal=Mother Tongue |volume=5 |pages=1–12 }}
* {{cite journal |last=Hayes |first=La Vaughn H. |author-mask=3 |year=2001 |title=On the Origin of Affricates in Austric |journal=Mother Tongue |volume=6 |pages=95–117 }}
* {{cite journal |last=Holman |first=Eric W. |year=2011 |title=Automated Dating of the World's Language Families Based on Lexical Similarity |journal=Current Anthropology |volume=52 |issue=6 |pages=841–875 |doi=10.1086/662127|hdl=2066/94255 |s2cid=60838510 |url=https://www.zora.uzh.ch/id/eprint/132915/1/Holmanetal2011_AutomatedDatingWorld%27sLanguageFamilies.pdf |hdl-access=free }}
* {{cite journal |first=Gerhard |last=Jäger |title=Support for linguistic macrofamilies from weighted sequence alignment |journal=PNAS |volume=112 |issue=41 |pages=12752–12757 |doi=10.1073/pnas.1500331112 |pmid=26403857 |pmc=4611657 |year=2015 |bibcode=2015PNAS..11212752J |doi-access=free }}
* {{cite journal |last=Reid |first=Lawrence A. |year=1994 |title=Morphological evidence for Austric |url=https://scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu/bitstream/10125/32987/1/A39.1994.pdf |journal=Oceanic Linguistics |volume=33 |issue=2 |pages=323–344 |doi=10.2307/3623132 |jstor=3623132 |hdl=10125/32987 |hdl-access=free }}
* {{cite book |last1=Reid |first1=Lawrence A. |author-mask=3 |year=1999 |chapter=New linguistic evidence for the Austric hypothesis |title=Selected Papers from the Eighth International Conference on Austronesian Linguistics |editor-last1=Zeitoun |editor-first1=Elizabeth |editor-last2=Li |editor-first2=Paul Jen-kuei |location=Taipei |publisher=Academia Sinica |pages=5–30 }}
* {{cite book |last1=Reid |first1=Lawrence A. |author-mask=3 |year=2005 |chapter=The current status of Austric: A review and evaluation of the lexical and morphosyntactic evidence |title=The peopling of East Asia: putting together archaeology, linguistics and genetics |editor-first1=Laurent |editor-last1=Sagart |editor-first2=Roger |editor-last2=Blench |editor-first3=Alicia |editor-last3=Sanchez-Mazas |location=London |publisher=Routledge Curzon |hdl=10125/33009 }}
* {{cite book |last1=Reid |first1=Lawrence A. |author-mask=3 |year=2009 |editor1-last=Brown |editor1-first=Keith |editor2-last=Ogilvie |editor2-first=Sarah |title=Concise Encyclopaedia of Languages of the World |publisher=Elsevier |location=Oxford |pages=92–94 |chapter=Austric Hypothesis }}
* {{cite journal |last=Schmidt |first=Wilhelm |year=1906 |title=Die Mon–Khmer-Völker, ein Bindeglied zwischen Völkern Zentralasiens und Austronesiens ('[The Mon–Khmer Peoples, a Link between the Peoples of Central Asia and Austronesia') |journal=Archiv für Anthropologie |volume=5 |pages=59–109 }}
* {{cite journal |last=Schmidt |first=Wilhelm |author-mask=3 |year=1930 |title=Die Beziehungen der austrischen Sprachen zum Japanischen ('The connections of the Austric languages to Japanese') |journal=Wiener Beitrag zur Kulturgeschichte und Linguistik |volume=1 |pages=239–51 }}.
* {{cite journal |last=Shorto |first=H. L. |year=1976 |title=In Defense of Austric |journal=Computational Analyses of Asian and African Languages |volume=6 |pages=95–104 }}
* {{Cite journal|last=Solnit|first=David B.|date=1992|title=Japanese/Austro-Tai By Paul K. Benedict (review)|journal=Language|language=en|volume=68|issue=1|pages=188–196|doi=10.1353/lan.1992.0061|s2cid=141811621|issn=1535-0665 }}

{{refend}}

==Further reading==
{{refbegin|2}}
* Blazhek, Vaclav. 2000. Comments on Hayes "The Austric Denti-alveolar Sibilants". Mother Tongue V:15-17.
* [[Robert Blust|Blust, Robert]]. 1996. Beyond the Austronesian homeland: The Austric hypothesis and its implications for archaeology. In: Prehistoric Settlement of the Pacific, ed. by Ward H.Goodenough, {{ISBN|978-0-87169-865-0}} DIANE Publishing Co, Collingdale PA, 1996, pp. 117–137. (Transactions of the American Philosophical Society 86.5. (Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society).
* Blust, Robert. 2000. Comments on Hayes, "The Austric Denti-alveolar Sibilants". Mother Tongue V:19-21.
* Fleming, Hal. 2000. LaVaughn Hayes and Robert Blust Discuss Austric. Mother Tongue V:29-32.
* Hayes, La Vaughn H. 2000. Response to Blazhek's Comments. Mother Tongue V:33-4.
* Hayes, La Vaughn H. 2000. Response to Blust's Comments. Mother Tongue V:35-7.
* Hayes, La Vaughn H. 2000. Response to Fleming's Comments. Mother Tongue V:39-40.
* Hayes, La Vaughn H. 2001. Response to Sidwell. Mother Tongue VI:123-7.
* Larish, Michael D. 2006. [http://www.philippines-languages.sil.org/ical/papers/larish-proto_asian.pdf Possible Proto-Asian Archaic Residue and the Statigraphy of Diffusional Cumulation in Austro-Asian Languages] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180703220442/http://www.philippines-languages.sil.org/ical/papers/larish-proto_asian.pdf |date=2018-07-03 }}. Paper presented at the Tenth International Conference on Austronesian Linguistics, 17–20 January 2006, Puerto Princesa City, Palawan, Philippines.
* Ostapirat, Weera. 2018. "[https://minpaku.repo.nii.ac.jp/?action=repository_uri&item_id=7894&file_id=22&file_no=1 Macrophyletic Trees of East Asian Languages Re examined]." In ''Let's Talk About Trees'', ed. by Ritsuko Kikusawa and Lawrence A. Reid. Osaka: Senri Ethnological Studies, Minpaku. {{doi|10.15021/00009007}}. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240414092728/https://minpaku.repo.nii.ac.jp/record/7894/files/SES98_07.pdf|date=2024-04-14}}
* Reid, Lawrence A. 1996. The current state of linguistic research on the relatedness of the language families of East and Southeast Asia. In: Ian C. Glover and Peter Bellwood, editorial co-ordinators, Indo-Pacific Prehistory: The Chiang Mai Papers, Volume 2, pp . 87–91. Bulletin of the Indo-Pacific Prehistory Association 15. Canberra: Australian National University.
* Sidwell, Paul. 2001. Comments on La Vaughn H. Hayes' "On the Origin of Affricates in Austric". Mother Tongue VI:119-121.
* Van Driem, George. 2000. Four Austric Theories. Mother Tongue V:23-27.
{{refend}}

==External links==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20040805021947/http://home.att.net/~lvhayes/Langling/Glossary/glosspg1.htm Glossary of purported lexical links among Austronesian and Austroasiatic languages]
* Austronesian Basic Vocabulary Database: [https://web.archive.org/web/20120422063515/http://language.psy.auckland.ac.nz/austronesian/classification.php?node=Austronesian Austronesian], [https://web.archive.org/web/20120422063544/http://language.psy.auckland.ac.nz/austronesian/classification.php?node=Tai-Kadai Tai–Kadai], [https://web.archive.org/web/20130605092357/http://language.psy.auckland.ac.nz/austronesian/classification.php?node=Hmong-Mien, Hmong–Mien], [https://web.archive.org/web/20120422104851/http://language.psy.auckland.ac.nz/austronesian/classification.php?node=Austro-Asiatic, Austro-Asiatic] word lists

{{Austroasiatic languages}}
{{Austronesian languages}}
{{Tai-Kadai languages}}
{{Hmong-Mien languages}}
{{Long-range comparative linguistics}}
{{Eurasian languages}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Austric languages| ]]
[[Category:Proposed language families]]

Bombing of Treviso in World War II

2026-03-05T00:31:36Z

Felipa7295:

{{short description|none}} 
{{Infobox military conflict
| conflict = Bombing of Treviso
| partof = [[Strategic bombing during World War II]]
| image = File:Palazzo300Bombardamento.jpg
| image_size = 300px
| caption = [[Palazzo dei Trecento]] after the bombing
| date = 7 April 1944
| place = [[Treviso]], [[Veneto]], [[Italy]]
| coordinates =
| map_type =
| latitude =
| longitude =
| map_size =
| map_caption =
| territory =
| result =
*Extensive destruction and civilian casualties
| status =
| combatant1 = {{flagicon|United States|1912}} {{nowrap|[[United States Army Air Forces|USAAF]]}}
| combatant2 = {{flag|Italian Social Republic}} {{flagicon|Germany|Nazi}} [[Nazi Germany|Germany]]
| combatant3 =
| commander1 =
| commander2 =
| commander3 =
| strength1 =
| strength2 =
| strength3 =
| casualties1 = 1 B-17 bomber
| casualties2 = 1,470 civilians
| casualties3 =
| notes =
}}

The [[bombing]] of [[Treviso]], a town in [[Northeastern Italy]], took place on 7 April 1944, during [[World War II]]. Aimed at disabling the town's marshalling yard, it resulted in the destruction of most of the town.

== History ==

Treviso, a town of 60,000 inhabitants located in the [[Veneto]] region, thirty kilometres north of Venice, was in a strategically important position for railway communications in northeastern Italy, and was therefore bombed several times by the Allied air forces.

The first, and most devastating, raid took place on 7 April 1944. 159 [[Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress]] of the [[United States Army Air Force]] (escorted by [[Lockheed P-38 Lightning]] fighters) dropped over 2,000 [[bomb]]s (446 metric tons of ordnance) during an attack which lasted five minutes (from 1.24 PM to 1.29 PM); the target was the local [[marshalling yard]], but the inaccuracy of the bombing caused most of the bombs to fall all over the city, destroying most of it.

Out of 4,600 buildings, 700 were destroyed, 1,100 heavily damaged and 1,962 slightly damaged.<ref>[http://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/treviso_res-0707d147-87e7-11dc-8e9d-0016357eee51_(Enciclopedia-Italiana)/ Enciclopedia Treccani]</ref> A large part of the medieval parts of the city centre were destroyed; the medieval [[Palazzo dei Trecento]], distant only 700 meters from the objective, was partly destroyed.
Between 1,000 and 1,600 civilians were killed, including 123 children. According to the records of the municipality, 1,600 inhabitants of Treviso were killed by air raids during the war, of whom 1,470 died in the raid of 7 April 1944; some 30,000 were left homeless.<ref>[https://www.ilgazzettino.it/pay/venezia_pay/la_mostra_treviso_il_7_aprile_1944_un_rumore_sordo_squarcio_il_cielo_era-3479294.html La mostra Treviso il 7 aprile 1944]</ref> This makes the 7 April 1944 raid on Treviso the second deadliest air raid suffered by an Italian city during the war, after the [[Bombing of Rome in World War II#July 19, 1943|19 July 1943 raid on Rome]] that killed between 1,600 and 3,200 people.
[[File:Boccasile - Treviso.jpg|thumb|Propaganda poster by [[Gino Boccasile]] denouncing the Allied bombing of Treviso on 7 April 1944]]
The attackers lost one B-17, shot down by [[anti-aircraft gun]]s of the nearby [[Treviso Airport]].<ref>Camillo Pavan, ''A difesa dell'aeroporto di Treviso. Le contraeree di Canizzano e Sant'Angelo sul Sile (1944-1945)'', 2008, Treviso, p. 45</ref> As the bombing occurred on [[Good Friday]], [[Propaganda of Fascist Italy|fascist propaganda]] called the day "''passion of [[Christ]] and of Treviso''".

== Further raids ==
A further twelve air raids (both by the [[Royal Air Force]] and the [[USAAF]]), mostly targeting the marshalling yard, took place in the following eleven months: on 20 April 1944, 14 May 1944, 20 October 1944, 21, 22, 25 and 27 December 1944, 11, 15 and 31 January 1945, and 13 and 31 March 1945. These raids caused further damage and destruction to the town, albeit none was as destructive and deadly as the first one had been.

[[Giuseppe Berto]]'s novel ''The Sky is Red'' and [[The Sky Is Red|the film with the same name]] are set during the bombing of Treviso and its aftermath, and ruined buildings of the town were used as set for the movie.

==Notes==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20070927203426/http://www.calion.com/cultu/audacia/tvbomb.htm Il Bombardamento Di Treviso]
*[http://www.sportrevigiano.it/bombardamenti.html Bombardamenti]

{{WWII city bombing}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:War, Bombing Of Treviso In World, Ii}}
[[Category:Battles and operations of the Italian campaign (World War II)]]
[[Category:1944 in Italy]]
[[Category:Italy in World War II]]
[[Category:World War II strategic bombing by populated place|Treviso]]
[[Category:Italy–United States military relations]]
[[Category:Germany–United States military relations]]
[[Category:History of Treviso]]
[[Category:20th century in Veneto]]

Indian pariah dog

2026-03-04T10:55:55Z

Felipa7295:

{{Infobox dog breed
| image = File:Dog 00154.JPG
| image_caption = South Asian pariah dog photographed in [[Howrah]], [[India]] (2004)
| name = Indian pariah dog
| nickname = Indie dog<ref>{{cite web |title=Hyderabad to host Indie Dog puppy adoption drive on Aug 17 |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/amp/southern-states/telangana/hyderabad-to-host-indie-dog-puppy-adoption-drive-on-aug-17-1897310 |publisher=Deccan Chronicle |access-date=29 December 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Indie, BSF K9 dog, stuns with 18-foot leap over a wall |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/indie-bsf-k9-dog-stuns-with-18-foot-leap-over-a-wall-video-101758975436524-amp.html |publisher=Hindustan Times |access-date=29 December 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=SC order on finding homes for Indie dog friends |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/sc-order-finding-homes-indie-dog-friends-10197238/ |publisher=The Indian Express |access-date=29 December 2025}}</ref> South Asian pariah dog<ref>{{cite journal|last1=van Asch|first1=B.|last2=Zhang|first2=A.-b.|last3=Oskarsson|first3=M. C. R.|last4=Klutsch|first4=C. F. C.|last5=Amorim|first5=A.|last6=Savolainen|first6=P.|title=Pre-Columbian origins of Native American dog breeds, with only limited replacement by European dogs, confirmed by mtDNA analysis|journal=Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences|date=10 July 2013|volume=280|issue=1766|article-number=20131142|doi=10.1098/rspb.2013.1142|pmid=23843389|pmc=3730590}}</ref> Pye-dog<ref name="Vellampalli"/> INDog<ref name="Kutta">{{cite web |url= https://padsociety.org/breed-profiles/indog/ |title= INDog-Primitive and Aboriginal Dogs Society |access-date= 2020-05-31 |archive-date= 2021-01-12 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210112044708/https://padsociety.org/breed-profiles/indog/ }}</ref> Desi dog<ref name="ChoudhuryMahajan">{{cite web |last1=Choudhury-Mahajan |first1=Lina |title=Paws for thought |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/paws-for-thought/story-YNym7MKVc2axiKZncw3ZIK.html|publisher=[[Hindustan Times]] |access-date=12 April 2019 |language=en |date=12 July 2011}}</ref>
| origin = [[Indian subcontinent]]<ref name="2018Vellampalli"/>

| maleweight = {{convert|20|-|30|kg|lb|abbr=on}}
| femaleweight = {{convert|15|-|25|kg|lb|abbr=on}}
| maleheight = {{convert|20|-|25|in|cm|abbr=on}}
| femaleheight = {{convert|18|-|23|in|cm|abbr=on}}
| coat = Short
| colour = solid fawn, pied (fawn/black & white), black (rare)
| kc_name = [[Kennel Club of India]]
| kc_std = http://indog.co.in/preserving-indian-native-dog
| note =
}}

The '''Indian pariah dog''', '''Indie dog'''<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-08-19 |title=After SC order, finding homes for our indie dog friends |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/sc-order-finding-homes-indie-dog-friends-10197238/ |access-date=2025-12-29 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-09-27 |title=An Indie dog in paramilitary K9 unit stuns with 18-foot leap {{!}} Watch |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/indie-bsf-k9-dog-stuns-with-18-foot-leap-over-a-wall-video-101758975436524.html |access-date=2025-12-29 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Correspondent |first=D. C. |date=2025-08-13 |title=Hyderabad to Host Indie Dog Puppy Adoption Drive on Aug 17 |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/southern-states/telangana/hyderabad-to-host-indie-dog-puppy-adoption-drive-on-aug-17-1897310 |access-date=2025-12-29 |website=Deccan Chronicle |language=en}}</ref>, '''South Asian pariah dog''',<ref>{{cite web |author=Deepa Lakshmin|title='The new cool': Adopting street dogs is gaining popularity in India |url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/article/street-dogs-indies-india-pets |publisher=[[National Geographic]] |language=en |date=9 July 2025 |quote=Most are native Indian breeds, like the South Asian pariah dog}}</ref> or '''Desi Kutta''',<ref name="ChoudhuryMahajan">{{cite web |last1=Choudhury-Mahajan |first1=Lina |title=Paws for thought |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/paws-for-thought/story-YNym7MKVc2axiKZncw3ZIK.html|publisher=[[Hindustan Times]] |access-date=12 April 2019 |language=en |date=12 July 2011}}</ref><ref name="IKC"/> is a [[landrace]] of [[dog]] native to the [[Indian subcontinent]].<ref name="2018Vellampalli"/> They have erect ears, a wedge-shaped head, and a curved tail. It is easily trainable and often used as a [[guard dog]] and [[police dog]].<ref name="Pandey2019">{{cite web|last1=Mukherjee Pandey|first1=Jhimli|title=Rescued pup trains her way into elite dog squad|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/rescued-street-pup-trains-her-way-into-elite-dog-squad/articleshow/68262450.cms|publisher=[[Times of India]]|access-date=12 April 2019|language=en|date=5 March 2019}}</ref><ref name="Vellampalli2018">{{cite web |last1=Vellampalli |first1=Jaya |title=Why the Indian Pariah is a perfect pet |url=https://telanganatoday.com/why-the-indian-pariah-is-a-perfect-pet |publisher=[[Telangana Today]] |access-date=12 April 2019 |language=en |date=13 January 2018|quote=They are commonly seen in India, Bangladesh and Pakistan. They adjust well in tropical climates as there is a mix of both winters and summers. But, even extreme weather conditions do not affect them in any way. This breed of dog sheds little fur. As they have short coat, the need for regular brushing and combing is less. They don't even need regular bath as they do not have an unpleasant body odour. ... They are very devoted to their family/owners. In rural areas, these dogs are seen guarding farm animals. ... These dogs are free from all genetic health problems as they are a natural breed.}}</ref> This dog is an example of an ancient group of dog known as [[pye-dog]]s. There is archaeological evidence that the dog was present in Indian villages as early as 4,500 years ago.<ref name="INDogs">{{cite web|url=http://www.indog.co.in|title=INDog, The Indian Pariah Dog Project|date=October 2010}}</ref>

Though most street dogs in the Indian subcontinent are in fact Indian pye-dogs, the names for this breed are often erroneously used to refer to all urban South Asian stray dogs despite the fact that some [[free-ranging dog]]s in the Indian subcontinent do not match the "pariah type" and may not be pure indigenous dogs but mixed breeds,<ref name="Vellampalli">{{cite web |last1=Vellampalli |first1=Jaya |title=Why the Indian Pariah is a perfect pet |url=https://telanganatoday.com/why-the-indian-pariah-is-a-perfect-pet |publisher=[[Telangana Today]] |access-date=12 April 2019 |language=en |date=13 January 2018|quote=Indian Pariah dog also known as the Pye Dog is a perfect pet. There is always some confusion when it comes to this specific dog breed. Most of us assume every street dog to be Pariah. But not all of them belong to this breed. Many strays are [[mongrel|mixed breeds]], often referred to as mongrels, and cannot be considered pure Pariah dogs.}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Opening doors to what we call pariah |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/opening-doors-to-what-we-call-pariah/cid/1653257 |publisher=[[The Telegraph (Calcutta)|The Telegraph]] |access-date=12 April 2019 |language=en |date=27 November 2005|quote=A pariah is a desi dog, while a stray is an ownerless dog and a mongrel is a mixed breed. In India, most strays are pariah dogs or mongrels.}}</ref> especially around locations where European colonists historically settled in India, due to [[Genetic admixture|admixture]]s with European dog breeds.<ref>{{cite journal |title= Genetic structure in village dogs reveals a Central Asian domestication origin | doi=10.1073/pnas.1516215112 |pmid= 26483491 | year=2015 |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |volume= 112 |issue= 44 |pages= 13639–13644 | last1 = Shannon | first1 = Laura M.|pmc=4640804 |bibcode= 2015PNAS..11213639S | doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.icbblog.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/Boyko-and-Boyko-2014-Dog-conservation-and-the-population-genetic-structure-of-dogs.pdf|title=Dog conservation and the population genetic structure of dogs }}</ref>

==Appearance==
It is a medium-sized dog of square to slightly rectangular build and short coat. The dog has a double coat, a coarse upper coat, and a soft undercoat. The most commonly observed colours are browns, ranging from dark to reddish-brown, with or without white markings. Solid blacks are rare, but some dogs are pied. Shaded coats, brindles, solid white and dalmatian-type spotting are never seen in pure populations. These may be a sign of mixing with modern breeds, as they are only seen in dogs in cities and other sites where non-native dogs have been introduced.<ref>{{cite news |title=Indian breed dogs - Indian breed dogs - Indian street dog, dog breed lists |url=https://www.meramaal.com/blog/indian-breed-dogs/ |access-date=28 November 2018 |work=www.meramaal.com |archive-date=28 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181128164704/https://www.meramaal.com/blog/indian-breed-dogs/ }}</ref>

The head is medium-sized and wedge-shaped. The muzzle is pointed and is of equal or slightly greater length than the head. The neck is noble and the forequarters are erect. Hindquarters are minimally angled. The trot is short. The eyes are almond-shaped and dark brown in colour. The ears are held erect and are pointed at the tips, with a broad base, set low on the head, and the tail is curled and held high when excited.

==Names==
[[File:An Indie on Chirala beach.jpg|thumb|An Indian Pariah Dog who is a mix of brown and white colouring]]
[[File:Indian pariah dog puppy litter.jpg|thumb|Newborn puppies, just a few hours old, from a single litter]]
[[File:Kukur Tihar 2.jpg|thumb|right|[[Kukur Tihar]] is annual Hindu festival where people pay homage to stray dogs and feed them]]
[[File:Pariah Dog.jpg|thumb|right|Indian pye-dogs have been used as [[guard dog]]s for centuries]]
[[File:Pariah dogs in a city park in Yelahanka, Bengaluru, India. They are alert to the presence of an unfamiliar pariah dog from outside the park..jpg|thumb|Pariah dogs in a city park in Yelahanka, Bengaluru, India. They are alert to the presence of an unfamiliar pariah dog from outside the park.]]
The namesake of this breed was given during the [[British Raj|British Raj in India]] after the [[Paraiyar|Pariah]] tribe of the [[Madras Presidency]].<ref name="Chakrabarti2010">{{cite journal |last1=Chakrabarti |first1=Pratik |title=Beasts of Burden: Animals and Laboratory Research in Colonial India|journal=History of Science |date=June 2010 |volume=48 |issue=2 |pages=125–151 |doi=10.1177/007327531004800201 |pmid=20582325 |pmc=2997667 |bibcode=2010HisSc..48..125C }}</ref> From the [[Anglo-Indian]] word ''pye'' or ''paë'' and Hindi ''pāhī'' meaning 'outsider', the Indian pariah dog is sometimes referred to as the pye-dog (also spelt ''pie'' or ''pi'') and the Indian native dog.<ref>[http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/pye–dog Merriam-Webster Dictionary]</ref> It is popularly known as Desi Kutta or Desi Dog (which derives from the [[Hindustani language|Hindi-Urdu]] word ''[[desi]]'', meaning ''native''), as well as the Indi-dog or In-dog (in various spellings).<ref name="ChoudhuryMahajan"/><ref name="Purkayastha2005">{{cite book |last1=Purkayastha |first1=Bandana |title=Negotiating Ethnicity: Second-Generation South Asians Traverse a Transnational World |date=8 June 2005 |publisher=[[Rutgers University Press]] |isbn=978-0-8135-3780-1 |page=53 |language=English |quote=Desi is a Hindi/Urdu term for South Asian native}}</ref> It was referred to in the works of [[Rudyard Kipling]] as the "yellow pariah dog".<ref>Kipling, Rudyard. (1894) [[The Jungle Book]].</ref>

== History ==
[[File:Lord Shiva as Bhairav Wellcome L0043625.jpg|thumb|Early modern North Indian depiction of [[Bhairava]] riding on his [[vahana]], the dog, whose appearance is based on the Indian pye-dog]]

The pariah dog of India is an ancient [[Indigenous (ecology)|autochthon]]ous [[landrace]] that is found all over [[India]], [[Pakistan]], [[Bangladesh]], [[Afghanistan]], [[Nepal]], [[Sri Lanka]] and even beyond [[South Asia]].<ref name="2018Vellampalli">{{cite web |last1=Vellampalli |first1=Jaya |title=Why the Indian Pariah is a perfect pet |url=https://telanganatoday.com/why-the-indian-pariah-is-a-perfect-pet |publisher=[[Telangana Today]] |language=en |date=13 January 2018}}</ref>{{better source needed|reason=website, nor refs|date=May 2020}}<ref>{{cite book|last=Pathak|first=Arun |title=Handicrafts in the Indus Valley Civilization|year=1995|publisher=Janaki Prakashan|isbn=81-85078-87-4}}</ref>{{page needed|date=May 2020}} A pariah-like dog skull was discovered in the [[Indus Valley Civilization|Harappan]] site of [[Mohenjo-daro]], and prehistoric rock art depicting a dog of similar type has been found in the [[Bhimbetka rock shelters]].<ref name="ChoudhuryMahajan"/>{{better source needed|reason=website, nor refs|date=May 2020}}<ref name="Pariah Dog">{{cite web|title=Indian Pariah Dogs|date=9 April 2020|url=https://dogwithblog.in/Indian-pariah-dog/}}</ref> It was featured on [[National Geographic Channel]]'s film, ''Search for the First Dog'' along with the other ancient types, such as the [[Canaan Dog]] of [[ The Levant]] and the [[Australian dingo]].<ref name="ChoudhuryMahajan"/>

The Indian pye-dog was introduced to the [[Andaman Islands]] with the establishment of a penal colony there, dogs having been previously unknown to the native [[Andamanese peoples|Andamanese]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Cipriani |first=Lidio |author-link=Lidio Cipriani |title=The Andaman Islanders |year=1966 |page=81 |publisher=[[Weidenfeld & Nicolson]]|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QxVFAAAAMAAJ&q=pariah+dog}}</ref>

Despite the Indian pariah dog being highly intelligent and easily trainable, the breed was intentionally downplayed during the [[British Raj]] by merchants who wished to sell their foreign breeds within the country.<ref name="ChoudhuryMahajan2011">{{cite web |last1=Choudhury-Mahajan |first1=Lina |title=Paws for thought |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/paws-for-thought/story-YNym7MKVc2axiKZncw3ZIK.html|publisher=[[Hindustan Times]] |access-date=2 March 2019 |language=en |date=12 July 2011}}</ref> Their popularity in the West in recent years, however, has resulted in hundreds of dogs being exported out of the Indian subcontinent.<ref name="Sharma2017"/>

In 2015, a breed standard was published in the Indian Kennel Gazette, the publication of [[Kennel Club of India]],<ref name=IKC>{{cite web|url=http://indog.co.in/preserving-indian-native-dog/|title=Article on the Indian Native Dog in the Kennel Gazette, Kennel Club of India, July 2015 – INDog Project}}</ref> and the dog has been recognized by the Primitive and Aboriginal Dog Society (PADS), a worldwide grouping of enthusiasts based in the US.<ref name="INDogs"/>

Some in the society view these dogs as a risk citing their increasing population in India in recent years. They consider these dogs as menace and nuisance owing to constant barking and biting people. The numbers of dog bites and deaths due to dog attacks are increasing every year. Since these dogs are largely not vaccinated, they frequently carry rabies.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/08/07/world/asia/india-stray-dogs-are-a-menace.html|title = Where Streets Are Thronged with Strays Baring Fangs|newspaper = The New York Times|date = 7 August 2012|last1 = Harris|first1 = Gardiner}}</ref> Only a few island territories of India, eg, [[Andaman and Nicobar Islands]] are rabies free despite having pariah dog population.Indian pariah dogs are one of the oldest dog breeds in existence today.

==Temperament==
Indian pariah dogs are very alert and social.<ref name="INDogs"/> They are used as [[guard dog]]s and [[police dog]]s, being very territorial and defensive.<ref name="Pandey2019"/><ref name="Vellampalli2018"/> They need good socializing as pups and do well with families and children if provided with such socialization.<ref name="Sharma2017">{{cite web |last1=Sharma |first1=Purnima |title=Desi stray dogs are finding loving homes thousands of miles away from the mean streets of India |url=https://qz.com/india/908853/desi-stray-dogs-are-finding-loving-homes-thousands-of-miles-away-from-the-mean-streets-of-india/ |publisher=[[Quartz (publication)|Quartz]] |access-date=2 March 2019 |language=en |date=13 February 2017}}</ref> They are highly intelligent and easily trainable; to this end, veterinarian Premlata Choudhary stated that "desi dogs are much more intelligent and hardy than most pedigreed dogs that people spend so much money on."<ref name="Sharma2017"/>

==Health==
Being a naturally evolved breed, they have very few health concerns and thrive with minimal maintenance in suitable climates.<ref name="Vellampalli2018"/> The skin needs very little grooming and the dogs themselves are relatively clean.<ref name="Vellampalli2018"/> They have little body odour.<ref name="ChoudhuryMahajan"/><ref name="Vellampalli2018"/> Genetic health ailments like hip dysplasia are extremely rare, since there is no inbreeding and the dominant genes that aid their survival are naturally selected over time.<ref name="Vellampalli2018"/> Most of their deaths occur due to accidents on the roads and railway tracks, starvation, drinking polluted water, tumors in the body, snakebites, or harm from humans.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Pandey |first1=Ashish |title=Over 300 dogs poisoned to death by Andhra village panchayat, alleges activist |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/cities/story/dogs-poisoned-to-death-by-andhra-village-panchayat-alleges-activist-1835404-2021-08-01 |access-date=11 October 2021 |work=India Today |publisher=India Today |date=1 August 2021 |language=en}}</ref>

==Gallery==
<gallery>
File:Indie Dog.jpg|Domesticated Indie dog
File:Indog Pune Stray.jpg|Stray pariah dog in India
File:Indian Pariah Dog named Scratchy standing.jpg|Pariah dog
File:Nibri and jhibri.jpg|Puppies
</gallery>

==See also==
* [[Portal:Dogs|Dogs portal]]
* [[List of dog breeds]]
* [[List of dog breeds from India]]
* [[Telomian]]
* [[Sinhala Hound]]
* [[Aloka (dog)]]
* [[Stray cow]]
* [[Bombay Dog Riots]]

== References ==

{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{commons category}}
* [http://www.indog.co.in INDog: The Indian Pariah Dog], at InDog.co.in
* [http://padsociety.org Primitive & Aboriginal Dog Society]
* [https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/relationships/pets/life-as-a-pariah-sees-it/articleshow/63623184.cms Life as a pariah sees it] - [[Times of India]]
* [https://trendingnewswala.online/dog-breeds-in-india/ Dog Breeds In India]

{{Indian dogs}}
{{Primitive dogs}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Pariah Dog}}
[[Category:Dog breeds originating in India]]
[[Category:Dog breeds originating in Pakistan]]
[[Category:Feral dogs]]
[[Category:Dog landraces]]
[[Category:Animal breeds originating in Afghanistan]]

[[da:Pariahhund]]
[[fr:Chien paria]]
[[he:פאריה]]
[[ja:野犬]]
[[no:Pariahunder]]
[[fi:Paariakoira]]
[[sv:Pariahund]]
[[zh:流浪犬]]

Solillada Saradara

2026-03-03T22:08:14Z

Felipa7295: added references

{{Multiple issues|
{{No plot|date=January 2025}}
{{More citations needed|date=January 2025}}
}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| image = Solillada Saradara.jpg
| caption = Title card
| director = [[Om Sai Prakash]]
| writer = Om Sai Prakash
| starring = [[Ambareesh]] [[Malashri]] [[Bhavya]]
| producer = K. Prabhakar
| music = [[Hamsalekha]]
| cinematography = Mallikarjun
| editing = Narasaiah
| studio = Vijay Films
| released = {{Film date|1992}}
| runtime = 129 minutes
| language = Kannada
| country = India
| budget =
}}

'''''Solillada Saradara''''' ({{translation|Leader without defeat}})<ref>{{cite web|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/solillada-saradara-mallikarjun-kharges-journey-from-a-union-leader-to-the-supreme-congress-post/articleshow/94971587.cms?from=mdr|title="Solillada Saradara" Mallikarjun Kharge's journey from a union leader to the supreme Congress post|website=Economic Times|date=19 October 2022|access-date=1 November 2024}}</ref> is a 1992 Indian [[Kannada]]-language [[romantic drama film]] directed and written by [[Om Sai Prakash]] and produced by K. Prabhakar. The film stars [[Ambareesh]], [[Malashri]] and [[Bhavya]].

== Cast ==
{{cast listing|
* [[Ambareesh]] as Krishna
* [[Malashri]] as Radha
* [[Bhavya]] as Rukmini
* [[Doddanna]] as Diwan
* [[Om Sai Prakash]] as Radha's Father
* [[Mukhyamantri Chandru]] as Rukmini's father, a landlord
* [[Jaggesh]] as Manohar, Diwan's illegitimate son
* [[Mysore Lokesh]] as Ramegowda
* [[Dingri Nagaraj]] as Tippeshi
* [[Padma Kumta]] as Bhadra
* Kaminidharan
* Ashalatha
* [[Rathnakar (actor)|Rathnakar]] as a priest
* A. S. Murthy
* Killer Venkatesh as Veerabhadra
* Manjumalini as a villager
}}

==Soundtrack==
The music of the film was composed and lyrics written by [[Hamsalekha]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20140508025539/http://mio.to/album/31-kannada_movie_songs/22115-Solillada_Saradara__1992_/#/album/31-kannada_movie_songs/22115-Solillada_Saradara__1992_/ Songs list]</ref> Audio was released on [[Lahari Music]].

{{track listing
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| all_writing = Hamsalekha
| total_length = 29:55
| title1 = Kaveramma Kapadamma
| extra1 = [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
| length1 = 4:37
| title2 = Jogayya Jogayya
| extra2 = S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, [[K. S. Chithra]]
| length2 = 4:45
| title3 = Ee Kannada Mannanu
| extra3 = S. P. Balasubrahmanyam
| length3 = 5:13
| title4 = Yaarigaagi Hele
| extra4 = K. S. Chithra, [[Manjula Gururaj]]
| length4 = 5:10
| title5 = Jigi Jigi Bombeyata
| extra5 = K. Shivaram
| length5 = 4:58
| title6 = Premavendarenu Helabaradenu
| extra6 = K. S. Chithra], Manjula Gururaj
| length6 = 5:12
}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|tt14680838}}

{{Sai Prakash}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Solillada Saradara}}
[[Category:1992 films]]
[[Category:1992 Kannada-language films]]
[[Category:1992 Indian films]]
[[Category:Indian romantic drama films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Hamsalekha]]
[[Category:Films directed by Sai Prakash]]
[[Category:1992 romantic drama films]]

{{1990s-Kannada-film-stub}}

Sadayam

2026-03-03T21:26:05Z

Felipa7295: expanded content

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Sadayam
| image = Sadayam.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Sibi Malayil]]
| producer = G. P. Vijayakumar ([[executive producer]])
| writer = [[M. T. Vasudevan Nair]]
| starring = [[Mohanlal]] [[Thilakan]] [[Maathu]] [[Sreenivasan]] [[Nedumudi Venu]]
| music = [[Johnson (composer)|Johnson]]
| cinematography = [[Anandakuttan]]
| editing = L. Bhoominathan
| studio = Seven Arts Films
| distributor = Seven Arts Release
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|1992}}
| runtime = 147 minutes
| country = India
| language = Malayalam
}}

'''''Sadayam''''' ({{Translation|'Mercifully'}}) is a 1992 Indian [[Malayalam]]-language [[psychological fiction|psychological]] [[Drama (film and television)|drama]] written by [[M. T. Vasudevan Nair]] and directed by [[Sibi Malayil]]. It stars [[Mohanlal]], [[Thilakan]], [[Nedumudi Venu]], [[Murali (Malayalam actor)|Murali]], [[Sreenivasan]], [[Maathu]], [[K. P. A. C. Lalitha]], and [[T. G. Ravi]]. The film was produced and distributed by G. P. Vijayakumar of Seven Arts Films. The [[film score]] was composed by [[Johnson (composer)|Johnson]].

The story follows convict Sathyanathan (Mohanlal) who is awaiting [[capital punishment]] for the murder of two young girls and two men. Mohanlal's performance in the film is regarded as one of the finest in his career. Despite faring poorly at the box office, the film came to be appreciated years later for their [[cult]] following.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-09-12|title=From 'Sadayam' to 'Kaiyoppu': 10 Malayalam films that flopped but have a cult status|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/sadayam-kaiyoppu-10-malayalam-films-flopped-have-cult-status-68294|access-date=2021-06-13|website=The News Minute|language=en}}</ref> M. T. Vasudevan Nair won the [[National Film Awards]] for [[National Film Award for Best Screenplay|Best Screenplay]].<ref>{{cite news|first=P. K. Ajith|last=Kumar|title=Screenplays for ever|url=http://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/screenplays-for-ever/article6449094.ece|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=26 September 2014}}</ref>

== Plot ==

Sathyanathan is condemned to death for brutally murdering four persons – two adults and two young girls – and is awaiting his final call. He shows no remorse and is just as cheerful as a man who knows he has done no wrong. The prison doctor Dr. Nambiar's son Vijayan is one of Sathyan's victims; he wants to sign his death certificate and see the fear in his eyes as he is led up the gallows but the doctor is just as puzzled as to why the crime was committed.

There are appeals in lower courts and petitions for pardons by the cops as a matter of routine but Sathyan has no great interest in living. Eventually, when he wishes to start life again on a fresh slate because he now wants to live, in an O Henry-sque moment, he's denied a pardon and on Sept 29th, 1991, two years after he is originally convicted of the multiple murders, he is hanged to death. In a series of flashbacks, the story unfolds focusing on Sathyan's past and recreates the chilling crime scene, explaining his actions.

Sathyan is a fatherless child who is bullied and abused in his childhood by the people around him until he is rescued by a priest who realizes that the kid is a talented artist. Under the aegis of Father, Sathyan becomes a painter who makes a living by painting sign boards and hoardings. As part of one of his assignments, he takes a rented house in Kozhikode next to a house of ill-virtue where Jaya and her two young sisters live with their stepmom. They have no future to look forward to and it is only a matter of time when the stepmom get them to carry out prostitution.

He helps the kids in their education and gets Jaya a job in the company in which he's working. Sathyan likes Jaya and wishes to marry her and settle down in life but destiny has other ideas; circumstances force her to end up as a prostitute and there are signs that her sisters will sink in the same quagmire later. In a moment of extreme paranoia, Sathyan kills the two girls in a bid to save them from prostitution and eventually both the guys responsible for her state.

All this was narrated in Sathyan's flashbacks and after that, the film cuts back to the present as Sathyan now wants to live on a fresh slate.

We then see the climax in which Sathyan is escorted to the gallows with his hands tied and his head covered in a black cloth and then he's hanged to death on that night at 5 AM. The film ends sad as Jaya weeps over Sathyan's dead body that morning.

== Cast ==
{{colbegin}}
* [[Mohanlal]] as Sathyanathan aka Sathyan, the film protagonist who is convicted of multiple murders and sentenced to death.
* [[Thilakan]] as Dr. K. V. G. Nambiar, the prison doctor who is the father of Vijayan.
* [[Nedumudi Venu]] as Father Dominic, the priest who took care of Sathyan when he was a boy.
* [[Maathu]] as Jaya, Sathyan's love interest
* [[KPAC Lalitha]] as Devakiamma, Jaya's wicked stepmom
* [[Janardhanan (actor)|Janardhanan]] as Harishankar, Police superintendent
* [[Sreenivasan]] as Kunjali, a fellow inmate and Sathyan's friend
* [[Murali (Malayalam actor)|Murali]] as Madhavan Jailer (Police Officer)
* [[Mahesh (Malayalam actor)|Mahesh]] as Vijayan, one of Sathyan's victims
* [[Kaveri (actress)|Kaveri]] as Lathika, Jaya's sister
* [[Augustine (actor)|Augustine]] as Chandran, the main antagonist and a villainous pimp
* [[T. G. Ravi]] as Kanaran, a fellow inmate
* [[M. G. Sasi]] as Samuel
* [[Kozhikode Narayanan Nair]] as Ramettan
{{colend}}

==Awards==
* [[National Film Award for Best Screenplay]] - [[M. T. Vasudevan Nair]]
* [[Filmfare Award for Best Director – Malayalam]] - [[Siby Malayil]]
* Kerala Film Journalists Award for Best Actor - [[Mohanlal]]

==Soundtrack==
[[Johnson (composer)|Johnson]] composed the songs, for which the lyrics were written by [[Kaithapram Damodaran Namboothiri]].

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! No. !! Title !! Singer(s) !! Notes
|-
| 1 || "Vaasantharaavin" || [[Sujatha Mohan]] || Raga: [[Pilu (raga)|Pilu]]
|-
| 2 || "Arabikkadhayile" || [[K. G. Markose]] ||
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|0237682}}

{{Sibi Malayil}}

[[Category:1992 films]]
[[Category:1992 Malayalam-language films]]
[[Category:Films with screenplays by M. T. Vasudevan Nair]]
[[Category:1992 thriller films]]
[[Category:1990s psychological drama films]]
[[Category:Indian psychological drama films]]
[[Category:Indian prison films]]
[[Category:Films shot in Kozhikode]]
[[Category:Films directed by Sibi Malayil]]
[[Category:Films scored by Johnson]]
[[Category:Films whose writer won the Best Original Screenplay National Film Award]]
[[Category:1992 drama films]]

Bhishma (1962 film)

2026-03-03T20:34:03Z

Felipa7295: enhanced references to improve readability and fixed typos

{{short description|1962 film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Bhishma
| image = Bhishma 1962.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| producer = B. A. Subba Rao
| director = [[B. A. Subba Rao]]
| starring = [[N. T. Rama Rao]] [[Anjali Devi]]
| music = [[S. Rajeswara Rao]]
| cinematography = M. A. Rehman
| editing = K. A. Marthand
| studio = B. A. S. Productions
| based_on = Life of ''[[Bhishma]]''
| released = {{Film date|df=y|1962|4|19}}
| runtime = 165 minutes
| country = India
| language = Telugu
| budget =
}}

'''''Bhishma''''' is a 1962 Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[Hindu mythological film]], based on the life of [[Bhishma]] from the epic [[Mahabharata]],<ref>{{Cite web|last=Mondal|first=Manisha|date=18 January 2019|title=N.T. Rama Rao, the three-time CM of Andhra Pradesh who could serve one full term|url=https://theprint.in/theprint-profile/n-t-rama-rao-the-three-time-cm-of-andhra-pradesh-who-could-serve-one-full-term/179269/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200222091013/https://theprint.in/theprint-profile/n-t-rama-rao-the-three-time-cm-of-andhra-pradesh-who-could-serve-one-full-term/179269/|archive-date=22 February 2020|access-date=23 January 2021|website=[[ThePrint]]}}</ref> produced and directed by [[B. A. Subba Rao]]. It stars [[N. T. Rama Rao]] and [[Anjali Devi]], with music composed by [[S. Rajeswara Rao]].

==Plot==
The film begins in the court of [[Brahma]], where Mahabhisha & [[Ganga (goddess)|Ganga]] lures each other, and the lord curses them to be born as mortals Mahabhisha takes birth as [[Shantanu]] in the [[Kuru Kingdom|Kuru]] dynasty, meets Ganga, and knits her on a condition not to question her actions Time passes, and Ganga gives birth to 7 children and drowns them in the river During the turn of the eighth one, devastated, Shantanu confronts her when she disappears with the child who grows up to be Devavratha, a great warrior trained by [[Parasurama]] Once he is acquainted with the father while hunting, Ganga unites them and quits A few years later, Shantanu attracts [[Satyavati]], the daughter of Dasaraju. So, he moves with the proposal, which they accept, provided Satyavati's son would inherit the throne of [[Hastinapur]]. Hence, Devavratha pledges a mighty vow of lifelong celibacy and service to whoever sat on the throne of their dynasty, which debilitates him as ''[[Bhishma]],'' and his father gives him a boon that death will not be near him until he calls.

After some time, Shantanu passes away, and Satyavati's son Vichitravirya becomes the king; Bhishma decides to perform his nuptial with the princesses of [[Kāśī (kingdom)|Kaasi]] [[Amba (Mahabharata)|Amba]], [[Ambika (Mahabharata)|Ambika]], & [[Ambalika]] However, the Kaasi king affronts not submitting the proposal to Hastinapur as Satyavati belongs to the grassroots So, enraged Bhishma abducts the princesses Following, Amba proclaims her love for Salwa when Bhishma honorably sends her back Salwa denies her when Amba returns to Bhishma and asks him to splice, which is impossible because of his oath Then Amba approaches Parasurama, who edicts Bhishma but in vain, and the war erupts, and Bhishma defeats his mentor Accordingly, Amba takes a pledge to seek to avenge Bhishma, performs immense penance to please [[Shiva|Siva]], and takes a boon that she will cause Bhishma's death Next, Amba reincarnates as [[Sikhandi]], a woman who later transforms into a man The [[Kurukshetra]] war begins, which designates Bhishma as the supreme commander of the [[Kaurava]], and [[Pandavas]] are unable to defeat him for ten days Ergo, on the tactic of [[Krishna]], [[Arjuna]] shoots Bhishma, keeping Sikhandi in front, and he collapses on ''Ampashayya,'' the arrow bed After the completion of the war, Bhishma leaves his breath on ''Uttarayana Punyakalam,'' and Krishna bestows him a boon that the universe celebrates the day as ''Bhishma Ekadashi.''

==Cast==
{{colbegin}}
*[[N. T. Rama Rao]] as [[Bhishma]]
** ''Master'' Nagaraju as young Bhishma
*[[Anjali Devi]] as [[Amba (Mahabharata)|Amba]] / [[Shikhandi]]
*[[Kanta Rao]] as [[Salwa Kingdom|Salwa]]
*[[Relangi (actor)|Relangi]] as [[Narada|Narada Maharshi]]
*[[Haranath (actor)|Haranath]] as [[Lord Krishna]]
*[[Shobhan Babu]] as [[Arjuna]]
*[[Gummadi (actor)|Gummadi]] as [[Karna]]
*[[Nagabhushanam (actor)|Nagabhushanam]] as [[Parashurama]]
*[[Dhulipala Seetarama Sastry|Dhulipala]] as [[Duryodhana]]
*[[Kaikala Satyanarayana|Satyanarayana]] as [[Lord Shiva]]
*[[M. Prabhakar Reddy|Prabhakar Reddy]] as [[Shantanu]]
*[[Vangara Venkata Subbaiah|Vangara]] as Rajaguru Madhava
*[[C. S. R. Anjaneyulu|C. S. R]] as [[Shalya]]
*[[Peketi Sivaram]] as [[Vichitravirya]]
*Malladi as [[Drupada]]
*A. V. Subba Rao as Dasaraju
*A. V. Subba Rao Jr as [[Drona]]
*Jagga Rao as [[Dushasana]]
*[[Suryakantham (actress)|Suryakantham]] as Dasaraju's wife
*[[G. Varalakshmi]] as [[Kunti]]
*Sujatha as [[Satyavati]]
*Anuradha as [[Ganga in Hinduism|Ganga]]
*Meena Kumari as Hemangini
*Susheela as [[Ambika (Mahabharata)|Ambika]]
*Malleswari as [[Ambalika]]
*[[Nirmalamma]] as Drupada's wife
{{colend}}

==Soundtrack==
{{Infobox album
| name = Bhishma
| type = film
| artist = [[S. Rajeswara Rao]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 1962
| recorded =
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = Soundtrack
| length =
| label =
| producer = [[S. Rajeswara Rao]]
| prev_title =
| prev_year =
| next_title =
| next_year =
}}

Music composed by [[S. Rajeswara Rao]]. Lyrics were written by [[Aarudhra]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=Bheeshma (1962)-Song_Booklet|url=https://indiancine.ma/documents/COP/info|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2021-01-23|website=Indiancine.ma}}</ref>

{|class="wikitable"
|-
!S. No!!Song title !!Singers !!length
|-
|1
|Brahmadevasutha Bhagyavidhaata
|[[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]], [[P. Susheela]]
|
|-
|2
|Teliyagalere Nee Leelalu
|Ghantasala
|
|-
|3
|Jo Jo Jola Garala Bala
|P. Susheela
|
|-
|4
|Hailo Hailessa
|[[K. Jamuna Rani]]
|
|-
|5
|Naa Janmambu
|Ghantasala
|
|-
|6
|Manasuloni Korika
|[[P. B. Srinivas]], P. Susheela
|
|-
|7
|Mahadeva Sambho
|P. Susheela
|
|-
|8
|Bhavi Bharatha Katha
|Aakula
|
|-
|9
|Durasache Duryodhanadulu
|Ghantasala
|
|-
|10
|Madhava Madhava
|P. Susheela, [[S. Janaki]]
|
|-
|11
|Bava Karunude
|P. B. Srinivas
|
|-
|12
|Samaramatanchu
|P. B. Srinivas
|
|-
|13
|Emanuvaru
|[[Madhavapeddi Satyam]]
|
|-
|14
|Poru Nashtambu
|P. B. Srinivas
|
|-
|15
|Nannu Nevvaniga
|P. B. Srinivas
|
|-
|16
|Chesina Karmaye
|P. B. Srinivas
|
|-
|17
|Kuppinchi Yegasina
|Ghantasala
|
|-
|18
|Pandavulunu Kunthi
|P. B. Srinivas
|
|-
|19
|Deva Deva
|Ghantasala
|
|-
|20
|Namo Tyaga Charitha
|[[Pithapuram Nageswara Rao|Pithapuram]]
|
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|0276824}}

{{Works based on the Mahabharata}}

[[Category:1962 films]]
[[Category:1962 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:1962 Indian films]]
[[Category:Hindu mythological films]]
[[Category:Indian black-and-white films]]
[[Category:Films based on the Mahabharata]]
[[Category:Films directed by B. A. Subba Rao]]

Poomaram

2026-03-03T20:33:09Z

Felipa7295: New!

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2017}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Poomaram
| image = Poomaram film poster.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Abrid Shine]]
| producer = Dr. Paul Varghese Abrid Shine
| writer = Abrid Shine
| starring = [[Kalidas Jayaram]] [[Neeta Pillai]]
| music = [[Perumbavoor G. Raveendranath]] [[Gopi Sundar]] Faisal Razi Leela L Girish Kuttan Arackal Nandakumar Nasil P K.A Anish Vishnu manu
Sivasankar Sayoojya Das
| cinematography = Gnaanam Subramanian
| editing = KR Midhun
| studio = Dr. Paul's Entertainment
| distributor = Central Pictures, Popcorn Entertainments (Asia Pacific release)
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2018|3|15|India}}
| runtime = 152 minutes<ref>{{cite web|title=Finally, 'Poomaram' is releasing on Mar 33
|url=http://www.sify.com/movies/finally-poomaram-is-releasing-on-mar-15-news-malayalam-sdnj6nccfhjgd.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180314034454/http://www.sify.com/movies/finally-poomaram-is-releasing-on-mar-15-news-malayalam-sdnj6nccfhjgd.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=14 March 2018|website=[[Sify]]|accessdate=13 March 2018|date=13 March 2018}}</ref>
| country = India
| language = Malayalam
}}

'''''Poomaram''''' is a 2018 Indian [[Malayalam]]-language [[musical film|musical]] [[drama film]] written, co-produced and directed by [[Abrid Shine]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Gopalakrishnan |first1=Aswathy |title=Poomaram Review: A Half-Hearted Yet Charming Tribute To Adolescence |url=https://silverscreenindia.com/movies/reviews/poomaram-review-a-half-hearted-yet-charming-tribute-to-adolescence/ |website=Silver Screen India |date=16 March 2018 |accessdate=27 September 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Poomaram |url=https://moviesofthesoul.com/2018/03/18/poomaram/ |website=Movies of the Soul |date=18 March 2018 |accessdate=27 September 2020}}</ref> The film stars [[Kalidas Jayaram]] and [[Neeta Pillai]] in the lead roles. <ref name="TOI delay">{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/kalidas-jayaram-takes-trolls-about-poomarams-release-in-good-stride/articleshow/62219943.cms|title=Kalidas Jayaram takes trolls about Poomaram's release in good stride - Times of India|newspaper=The Times of India |date=23 December 2017 |publisher=|accessdate=4 March 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://english.manoramaonline.com/entertainment/interview/2018/03/20/was-poomaram-delayed-i-learned-it-from-the-trolls-abrid-shine.html|title=Was 'Poomaram' delayed? I learned it from the trolls: Abrid Shine|website=Malayala Manorama|date=20 March 2018|access-date=22 April 2020}}</ref> The film marks the debut of [[Kalidas Jayaram]] as a lead actor in Malayalam cinema. The film received mixed reviews.

==Plot==
{{More plot|date=October 2023}}
The film is based on the [[Mahatma Gandhi University, Kerala|Mahatma Gandhi University]] Youth Festival, which takes place every year, where different colleges under the university participate to win the champion trophy.

==Cast==
*[[Kalidas Jayaram]] as Gauthaman C.A, Chairman of [[Maharaja's College, Ernakulam|Maharaja's College]] Union<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.manoramaonline.com/movies/movie-reviews/2018/03/15/poomaram-malayalam-movie-review-kalidas-abrid-shine.html|title=പാട്ടിൽ‌ പൂത്ത പൂമരം; റിവ്യു|work=ManoramaOnline|access-date=2018-03-15}}</ref>
*[[Neeta Pillai]] as Irene George, Chairperson of St. Teresa's College Union<ref>[https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/neeta-pillai-im-not-a-leader-like-irene/articleshow/63951469.cms Neeta Pillai: I'm not a leader like Irene]</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://malayalam.samayam.com/malayalam-cinema/celebrity-news/poomaram-actress-neetha-pillai-gets-wide-acceptance/articleshow/63344247.cms|title=ഇതാണ് നീത പിള്ള!!! വേനലിൽ പൂത്ത 'പൂമര'ത്തിലെ ഐറിൻ|date=2018-03-17|website=Malayalam|language=ml|access-date=2020-03-07}}</ref>
* [[Merin Philip]] as Friend of Irene<ref>[https://www.manoramanews.com/news/entertainment/2018/03/24/poomaram-film-fame-merin-philip-interview.html ‌ജീവിതത്തിലും പൂമരം; പോരാട്ടത്തിനൊടുവിൽ വിജയപഥം: അഭിമുഖം]</ref>
* Architha Anish as Malavika<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/abrid-shine-picks-youth-festival-star-archita-anish-kumar-for-poomaram/articleshow/57670881.cms|title=Abrid Shine picks youth festival star Archita Anish Kumar for Poomaram|date=March 17, 2017|website=Times of India}}</ref>
* [[Joju George]] as [[Inspector|Police Inspector]] Daya Swaroop
* Professor Jayaraman Chakiat Siva Rama Menon as Gauthaman's father
* Rohini Nair as Teacher<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/movies-music/movie-news/rohini-teacher-the-real-life-character-in-poomaram-bids-adieu-to-maharaja-s-college-1.4657035|title = Rohini teacher, the real-life character in 'Poomaram' bids adieu to Maharaja's College}}</ref>
* Rajesh varma (Script Writer) as Teacher
* Sangeetha S kumar as Gowri
* Sarvasri as Singer
* Shikha Prabhakar as Singer
* Ismath P.I as Singer
* [[Ramya Krishnan]] as Chenda player
* Pooja Suchithran as [[Pump organ|Harmonium]] player
* Aparna as Tablist
* [[Sreeshma Chandran]] as Meenakshi(Meenu)
* [[Vivek (actor)|Vivek]] as Vivek C.B(Kili)
* RLV T K Anil Kumar as Dance Master of St.Teresa's College
* Mintu Maria Vincent
* Noufal PN ( Gauthaman's Friend )
*[[Kunchacko Boban]] as himself (Cameo appearance)<ref name=km/>
*Renju Renjimar as herself (Make-up artist)
*[[Meera Jasmine]] as herself (Cameo appearance)<ref name=km>{{cite news|title=Meera Jasmine, Kunchacko Boban join Poomaram cast|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/Meera-Jasmine-Kunchacko-Boban-join-Poomaram-cast/articleshow/55244146.cms|accessdate=12 December 2016|work=timesofindia|date=5 November 2016}}</ref>
*[[Suresh Thampanoor]] as Suresh (Cameo Appearance)
*Rasnesh Kannadikuzhi as Sunikuttan

==Production==
Principal photography began on 12 September 2016 in [[Ernakulam]].<ref name="Sify">{{cite web|title=By God's grace, Poomaram will release on Mar 9, says Kalidas Jayaram|url=http://www.sify.com/movies/by-god-s-grace-poomaram-will-release-on-mar-9-says-kalidas-jayaram-news-malayalam-scmpf2bhiaehc.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180214073400/http://www.sify.com/movies/by-god-s-grace-poomaram-will-release-on-mar-9-says-kalidas-jayaram-news-malayalam-scmpf2bhiaehc.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=14 February 2018|website=[[Sify]]|accessdate=13 February 2018}}</ref><ref name="timesofindia">{{cite news| title=A fantastic welcome to Kalidas's Poomaram song|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/music/A-fantastic-welcome-to-Kalidass-Poomaram-song/articleshow/55509483.cms|accessdate=12 February 2017|work=timesofindia|date=16 January 2017}}</ref>
Shooting of the movie commenced on 12 September 2016 at [[Maharaja's College, Ernakulam]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Kalidas Jayaram's 'Poomaram' with Abrid Shine starts rolling|url=http://english.manoramaonline.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/kalidas-jayaram-poomaram-abrid-shine-movie-starts-rolling.html|accessdate=20 January 2018|work=[[Malayala Manorama]]|date=13 September 2016}}</ref> St. Kuriakose Senior Secondary School Kaduthuruthy, Mangalam College of Engineering and [[St. Thomas College, Kozhencherry]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/kochi/2017/feb/22/poomaram-director-scouts-for-actors-at-mg-varsity-fest-1573276.html|title='Poomaram' director scouts for actors at MG varsity fest|work=The New Indian Express|access-date=2017-07-14}}</ref><ref name="indiatimes">{{cite news|title=Abrid Shine's next|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/Abrid-Shines-next-titled-Poomaram/articleshow/54001996.cms|accessdate=6 September 2016|work=indiatimes|date=4 September 2016}}</ref>

==Soundtrack==
The first track "Njanum Njanumentallum" was released by [[Muzik 247]] on their [[YouTube]] channel in November 2016.<ref>[https://www.ibtimes.co.in/kalidas-jayarams-poomaram-song-becomes-most-liked-malayalam-video-youtube-705989 Kalidas Jayaram's Poomaram song becomes the most liked Malayalam video on YouTube]</ref> The second song "Kadavathoru Thonni" was released in May 2017.<ref>[https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/malayalam/poomaram-song-kadavathoru-thoni-kalidas-jayaram-film-song-hits-you-at-the-right-spots-watch-video-4654309/ Poomaram song Kadavathoru Thoni: Kalidas Jayaram film's song hits you at the right spots. Watch video]</ref>

{{Track listing
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length = {{Duration|m=|s=}}
| title1 = Kadavathoru Thonni
| lyrics1 = Ajeesh Dasan
| music1 = Gireesh Kuttan
| extra1 = [[Karthik (singer)|Karthik]]
| length1 = 4:12

| title2 = Njanum Njanumentallum
| lyrics2 = Aashaan Babu, Dayal Singh
| music2 = Faisal Razi
| extra2 = Faisal Razi
| length2 = 3:22

| title3 = Ini Oru Kalathe
| lyrics3 = Ajeesh Dasan
| music3 = Leela L Girikuttan
| extra3 = [[Karthik (singer)|Karthik]]
| length3 = 4:03

| title4 = Mruthu Mandahasam
| lyrics4 = Arackal Nandakumar
| music4 = Arackal Nandakumar
| extra4 = [[K.S.Chithra]]
| length4 = 3:54

| title5 = Arikilundu Njaanengilum
| lyrics5 = [[Balachandran Chullikkadu]]
| music5 = Vishnu Sivasankar
| extra5 = [[K.S.Chithra]]
| length5 = 1:40

| title6 = Neramayi
| lyrics6 = Ajeesh Dasan
| music6 = Faisal Razi
| extra6 = [[Karthik (singer)|Karthik]], [[Shreya Ghoshal (singer)|Shreya Ghoshal]]
| length6 = 5:02

| title7 = Desh Raga Thilana
| lyrics7 = [[Lalgudi Jayaraman]]
| music7 = Lalgudi Jayaraman
| extra7 = Shikha Prabhakaran, Ismath P I, Sarvasri
| length7 = 2:49

| title8 = Ore Sooryanalle
| lyrics8 = [[Balachandran Chullikkadu]]
| music8 = [[Gopi Sundar]]
| extra8 = [[Karthik (singer)|Karthik]]
| length8 = 5:09

| title9 = Thaka Tharom
| lyrics9 = Nasil P
| music9 = Nasil P
| extra9 = Nasil P
| length9 = 4:00

| title10 = Oru Mamarathinte
| lyrics10 = Harinarayanan BK
| music10 = Sayoojya Das
| extra10 = [[Karthik (singer)|Karthik]]
| length10 = 4:46

| title11 = Ghosham Dundhubi
| lyrics11 = Harinarayanan BK
| music11 = Perumbavoor G Ravindranath
| extra11 = [[Kavalam Sreekumar]], MK Shankaran Namboothiri
| length11 = 4:03
}}

==Release==
=== Theatrical ===
The film was scheduled for release in late December 2017,<ref name="TOI delay" /> but was postponed to March 2018.<ref name="Deccan delay">{{cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/mollywood/050318/poomaram-not-on-march-9.html|title=Poomaram not on March 9|date=5 March 2018|publisher=|accessdate=4 March 2018}}</ref> The film later released on 15 March 2018.

==Reception==
===Critical reception===
''Poomaram'' received mixed reviews from critics.

Deepa Soman of ''[[The Times of India]]'' rated the film 3/5 stars and wrote that ''Poomaram'' "rides on the strength of a handful of playful moments from the campus and if that wouldn’t trouble you as a viewer, the movie merits your time."<ref>{{cite news |last=Soman |first=Deepa |date=15 March 2018 |title=Poomaram Review {3/5}: The movie rides on the strength of a handful of playful moments from the campus and if that wouldn’t trouble you as a viewer, the movie merits your time |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movie-reviews/poomaram/movie-review/63317770.cms |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=29 September 2025}}{{Rating|3|5}}</ref>

Meera Suresh of ''[[The New Indian Express]]'' rated the film 3/5 stars and wrote, "''Poomaram'' isn't a please-all movie. It is rich in art, aesthetics and realism, but low in entertainment."<ref>{{cite news |last=Suresh |first=Meera|date=16 March 2018 |title='Poomaram' review: A realistic take on youth fests |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2018/Mar/15/poomaram-review-a-realistic-take-on-youth-fests-1787758.html |work=[[The New Indian Express]] |access-date=29 September 2025}}{{Rating|3|5}}</ref>

Sowmya Rajendran of ''[[The News Minute]]'' wrote, "'Nice', they say, is a boring adjective that doesn't say much. And yet, it's this word that describes ''Poomaram'' best. This is a nice film with nice people and nice moments. The film doesn't aspire to rise above this and at times, the niceness may get boring. But with so many vibrant faces on screen, so many moments that trigger nostalgia, you get interested once again even if the film loses you in parts."<ref>{{cite news |last=Rajendran |first=Sowmya |date=16 March 2018 |title='Poomaram' review: A faithful capture of Kerala's youth festival, minus melodrama |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/flix/poomaram-review-faithful-capture-keralas-youth-festival-minus-melodrama-78089 |work=[[The News Minute]] |access-date=29 September 2025}}</ref>

Jyothisha V. J. of ''[[Onmanorama]]'' rated the film 3.5/5 stars and wrote, "An intensely delightful lyrical treat, ''Poomaram'' is a poetic bloom."<ref>{{cite web |last=V. J. |first=Jyothisha |date=19 March 2018 |title='Poomaram' review: a poetic bloom in Malayalam |url=https://www.onmanorama.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/2018/03/15/kalidas-starrer-poomaram-review.html |website=[[Onmanorama]] |access-date=29 September 2025}}{{Rating|3.5|5}}</ref>

[[Anna M. M. Vetticad]] of ''[[Firstpost]]'' wrote, "''Poomaram'' is a delightfully experimental, contemplative college saga, far removed from the clichés, the ugly misogyny and loudness seen in too many campus films from Mollywood."<ref>{{cite news |author=[[Anna M. M. Vetticad]] |date=19 March 2018 |title=Poomaram movie review: Abrid Shine shines a light on college life in a reality-show-style film |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/poomaram-movie-review-abrid-shine-shines-a-light-on-college-life-in-a-reality-show-style-film-4395019.html |work=[[Firstpost]] |access-date=29 September 2025}}</ref>

Priyanka Sundar of ''[[Hindustan Times]]'' rated the film 3/5 stars and wrote, "This film was a good experience, but solely because of the music and screenplay. In terms of characters, they were very well-etched supporting characters (especially Kili and the Mohiniyattam teacher of Maharaja College). As there wasn’t enough scope to see Kalidasan perform, this might not have been his best choice for a debut."<ref>{{cite news |last=Suresh |first=Meera|date=19 June 2019 |title=Poomaram movie review: This Kalidasan Jayaram starrer is a celebration of everything art |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/movie-reviews/poomaram-movie-review-this-kalidasan-jayaram-starrer-is-a-true-blue-musical/story-jAcqtLS5FNO3yQuvdwjGaP.html |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |access-date=29 September 2025}}{{Rating|3|5}}</ref>

Navmi Krishna of ''[[The Hindu]]'' wrote, "But for all its freshness, ''Poomaram'' can not escape the trap of 'leaving the audience with a message' and pretentious preaching. ... Movies invoke different emotions — some invoke empathy, some aspiration. In ''Poomaram'', however, you are both an emotionally invested viewer and one of the peripheral characters."<ref>{{cite news |last=Krishna |first=Navmi |date=21 March 2018 |title='Poomaram' review: This trip down the nostalgia lane is not without bumps |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/poomaram-review-this-trip-down-the-nostalgia-lane-is-not-without-bumps/article23285948.ece |work=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=29 September 2025}}</ref>

Mythily Ramachandran of ''[[Gulf News]]'' wrote, "''Poomaram'' celebrates college life and gently stirs up the nooks of nostalgia."<ref>{{cite news |last=Ramachandran |first=Mythily |date=5 November 2018 |title='Poomaram' review: A vibrant college drama |url=https://gulfnews.com/entertainment/south-indian/poomaram-review-a-vibrant-college-drama-1.2195474 |work=[[Gulf News]] |access-date=1 October 2025}}</ref>

== Accolades ==
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable"
|-
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Award
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Date of ceremony
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Category
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Work
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Nominee(s)
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Result
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | {{Abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}}
|-
! scope="row" rowspan="4" | '''Mazhavil Mango Music Awards'''
| rowspan="4" | 24 August 2018
| Best Playback Singer Female
| Mruthu Mandahasam
| [[K.S.Chithra]]
| {{won}}
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan="4"|<ref name="manoramaonline.com">{{cite web|title='Poomaram' wins big at Mazhavil Mango Music awards
|url=https://www.onmanorama.com/entertainment/music/2018/08/07/mazhavil-mango-music-awards-winners.html}}</ref>
|-
|-
| Best Playback Singer Male
| Kadavathoru Thonni
| [[Karthik (singer)|Karthik]]
| {{won}}
|-
|-
| Best Debut Singer
| Njanum Njaanumentallum
| Faizal Razi
| {{won}}
|-
|-
| Special Jury Award
| Kadavathoru Thonni
| Leela L Girikkuttan
| {{won}}
|-
|-
! scope="row" rowspan="2" | '''[[21st Asianet Film Awards]]'''
| rowspan="2" | 6–7 April 2019
| Best New Face Actor
| Poomaram
| [[Kalidas Jayaram]]
| {{won}}
|
|-
|-
| Best New Face Actress
| Poomaram
| [[Neeta Pillai]]
| {{won}}
|
|-
! scope="row" rowspan="1" | '''[[Vanitha Film Awards#2019|Vanitha Film Awards 2019]]'''
| rowspan="1" | 2 March 2019
| Best Newcomer Actor
| Poomaram
| [[Kalidas Jayaram]]
| {{won}}
|<ref>[https://www.onmanorama.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/2019/03/02/vanitha-film-awards-winners-list-live-show-kochi.html Vanitha Film Awards: Mohanlal wins Best Actor, Manju Warrier is Best Actress]</ref>
|-
|-
! scope="row" rowspan="5" | '''[[8th South Indian International Movie Awards]]'''
| rowspan="5" | 16 August 2019
| Best Playback Singer Female – Malayalam
| Mrudumandahaasam
| [[K.S.Chithra]]
| {{nominated}}
|rowspan=3|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment/south-gossip/article/siima-2019-full-nominations-list-out-vijay-sethupathi-samantha-akkineni-and-others-bag-top-honours/455922|title=SIIMA 2019 FULL nominations list out!|website=Times Now|date=18 July 2019|access-date=19 January 2020}}</ref>
|-
|-
| Best Playback Singer Male – Malayalam
| Neramayi
| [[Karthik (singer)|Karthik]]
| {{nominated}}
|-
|-
| Best Lyricist – Malayalam
| Neramayi
| Ajesh Dasan
| {{nominated}}
|-
|-
| [[SIIMA Award for Best Female Debut – Malayalam|Best Debut Actress – Malayalam]]
| Poomaram
| Neeta Pillai
| {{nominated}}
|rowspan=2|<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/television/photo-gallery-siima-2019-nominations-list-out-who-among-kiara-advani-srinidhi-shetty-and-nidhhi-agerwal-will-claim-best-debut-award-2777395|title=SIIMA 2019 nominations for best debutante actor and actresses|website=Daily News and Analysis|date=30 July 2019|access-date=18 April 2020}}</ref>
|-
|-
| [[SIIMA Award for Best Male Debut – Malayalam|Best Debut Actor – Malayalam]]
| Poomaram
| [[Kalidas Jayaram]]
| {{nominated}}
|-
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|6277824}}

[[Category:2018 films]]
[[Category:Indian drama films]]
[[Category:Films shot in Kottayam]]
[[Category:Films shot in Pathanamthitta]]
[[Category:2018 Malayalam-language films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Perumbavoor G. Raveendranath]]
[[Category:Films scored by Gopi Sundar]]
[[Category:Films directed by Abrid Shine]]

Dictator (2016 film)

2026-03-03T17:43:35Z

Felipa7295: updated details

{{short description|2016 film directed by Sriwass}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Dictator
| image = Dictator (2016 film).jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Sriwass]]
| screenplay = [[Kona Venkat]] [[Gopimohan]] Sriwass
{{Infobox | decat = yes | child = yes
| label1= Dialogues by
| data1 = {{Ubl |M. Rathnam}}
}}
| story = Kona Venkat Gopimohan
| producer = [[Eros International|Kishore Lulla Sunil Lulla]] Sriwass
| starring = [[Nandamuri Balakrishna]] [[Anjali (film actress)|Anjali]] [[Sonal Chauhan]] [[Vikramjeet Virk]]
| cinematography = [[Chota K. Naidu]]
| editing = Gautham Raju
| music = [[S. Thaman]]
| studio = [[Eros International]] [[Sriwass|Vedhaaswa Creations]]
| distributor = Eros International
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2016|01|14}}
| runtime = 150 mins
| country = India
| language = Telugu
| budget = 
| gross = 
₹35.70 crore<ref>{{cite web |title=Dictator Final Total WW Collections |url=http://andhraboxoffice.com/info.aspx?id=1893&cid=6&fid=3287 |website=andhraboxoffice |language=en |access-date=February 13, 2016}}</ref>
}}

'''''Dictator''''' is a 2016 Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[action comedy film]], jointly produced by [[Eros International]] & [[Sriwass]] under Vedhaaswa Creations banner and directed by [[Sriwass]]. The film stars [[Nandamuri Balakrishna]], [[Anjali (film actress)|Anjali]], [[Sonal Chauhan]] and [[Vikramjeet Virk]] music is composed by [[S. Thaman]].<ref name=Dictator>{{cite web|title=Dictator Cast & Crew|url=http://www.filmibeat.com/telugu/movies/dictator/cast-crew.html|access-date=27 June 2015}}</ref>

It is the 99th movie in the career of Nandamuri Balakrishna. The film's script was written by Sridhar Seepana, Gopimohan and Kona Venkat while the dialogues were written by M. Ratnam. The movie had released on 14 January 2016 as [[Sankranthi]] Release.<ref name="Muhurtham of Dictator">{{cite web|url=http://www.idlebrain.com/news/functions1/muhurat-dictator.html|title=Muhurtham of Dictator|publisher=IdleBrain}}</ref><ref name="Dictator Muhurtham">{{cite web|url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/balakrishna-99th-film-dictator-launched-telugu-news-134007.html|title=Dictator Launch|website=IndiaGlitz|date=29 May 2015 }}</ref> Later the movie was dubbed into Hindi as ''Yudh: Ek Jung'' by Cinekorn Movies in 2016. The film opened up to mixed to positive reviews and was a commercial success at the [[box-office]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dictator Final Total WW Collections{{!}} AndhraBoxOffice.com |url=http://andhraboxoffice.com/info.aspx?id=1893&cid=6&fid=3287 |access-date=2024-06-15 |website=andhraboxoffice.com}}</ref>

==Plot==
The film begins in [[Hyderabad]], where Chandu, an employee at Dharma Group of Industries, resides with his wife, Kathyayini's family, who works in Delhi. Once, an aspiring actor, Indu, befriends Chandu as she is in a quandary from a few gangsters hunting her brother. Once, the miscreants abduct her when Chandu locks horns with them and gets indirect enmity with Minister Govardhan Rao and a vile cop, Prabhakar, but he ceases them. Parallelly, Babji, his co-employee, heists the company amount for his daughter's nuptials when Chandu incriminates himself. Surprisingly, the attention of company Chieftain Rajasekhar Dharma is thrust on him when his father-in-law Lakshmi Narayana seeks the truth. Here, as a flabbergast, it's revealed that Chandu is none other than Chandrashekar Dharma, ''The Dictator,'' the chairman of the Dharma group of companies, and spins back.

Chandrashekar Dharma is a big tycoon in India who fights against the mafia, and Aegis remains. Once, he gets acquainted with Kathyayini, an employee in his company, and they crush. Since Lakshmi Narayana is against elite groups, she introduces him as her colleague, and they knit. After a while, Chandrashekar battles a tyrant, Mahima Roy, for slaughtering his fatherly figure, Hari Prasad, by her malicious son-in-law, Vishwambhar. Now, Mahima kidnaps Chandrasekhar's family and demands that he fall at her feet. Whereat, Mahima receives frequent calls from her relatives worldwide, affirming that Chandrashekar has taken them into his custody, proving his network. Later, Chandrashekar eliminates Vishwambhar, and Mahima strikes him, stabbing Kathyayini in it. At that point, Chandrashekar quits Delhi on Kathyayini's plea, changing his identity.

Presently, Chandrashekar is conscious of Vishwambhar's existence through the betrayal of his men. Ergo. he retrieves when his sly uncle Sivaram backstabs and notifies Vishwambhar, the ''Dictator's'' arrival who will conduct tribute for Hari Prasad. Thus, Vishwambhar onslaughts Sivaram turns side, reviling it as Chandrashekar's gameplay to clutch the blackguard. At last, he wipes out Vishwambhar and behests Mahima to leave the country. Finally, the movie ends Chandrashekar Dharma, continuing his legacy.

==Cast==
{{colbegin}}
*[[Nandamuri Balakrishna]] as Chandrashekhar Dharma "Chandu"/ Dictator
*[[Anjali (film actress)|Anjali]] as Kathyayani, Chandu's wife
*[[Sonal Chauhan]] as Indu, neighbour
*[[Vikramjeet Virk]] as Vicky Bhai
*[[Rati Agnihotri]] as Mahima Rai
*[[Kulbhushan Kharbanda]] as Hari Prasad
*[[Aksha Pardasany]] as Shruti, Kathyayani's cousin
*[[Nassar (actor)|Nassar]] as Lakshmi Narayana, Kathyayani's father
*[[Suman (actor)|Suman]] as Rajashekar Dharma, Chandu's brother
*[[Nawab Shah (actor)|Nawab Shah]] as Vishwambhar, Mahima's son-in-law
*[[Kabir Duhan Singh]] as Pandu Bhai
*[[Sayaji Shinde]] as Bokha Sivaram
*[[Chalapathi Rao]] as I.G.
*[[Vennela Kishore]] as Kathyayani's brother
*[[Rajiv Kanakala]] as Indu's brother
*[[Raghu Babu]] as Vasthu Bheeshmacharya
*[[Y. Kasi Viswanath]] as Babji
*[[Prudhviraj (Telugu actor)|Prudhviraj]] as Ramesh Patro
*[[Posani Krishna Murali]] as Chandrashekhar Dharma's P.A.
*[[Ajay (actor)|Ajay]] as Inspector Prabhakar (Corrupted Police Officer)
*[[Madhusudhan Rao (actor)|Madhusudhan Rao]] as Minister Goverdhan Rao
*[[Ravi Prakash (Telugu actor)|Ravi Prakash]] as Inspector Rasool
*[[Ravi Babu]] as Director
*[[Vamsi Krishna]] as Minister's son
*[[Kalyani Natarajan]] as Mrs. Lakshmi Narayana
*[[Pavitra Lokesh]] as Rajashekar's wife
*[[Ashok Kumar (Telugu actor)|Ashok Kumar]] as Lakshmi Narayana's brother
*[[Prabhas Sreenu]] as Prabha
*[[Duvvasi Mohan]] as Prasad
*[[Hema (actress)|Hema]] as Hema Patnaik
*[[G. V. Sudhakar Naidu]] as Goon
*[[Ravi Varma (East Godavari actor)|Ravi Varma]] as Shruti's husband
*[[Satya Prakash (actor)|Satya Prakash]] as Saxena
*[[Banerjee (actor)|Banerjee]] as Mahima Rai's P.A.
*[[Shawar Ali]]
*[[Gundu Sudarshan]]
*Giridhar as Kathyayani's brother
*Ping Pong Surya as Babji's son
*Mukhtar Khan as Goon
*Deekshithulu as Rasool's assistant
*Ambati Srinivas as Minister's son P.A.
*Lab Sarath as Doctor
*Junior Relangi as Kishanji
*[[Shraddha Das]] as [[item number]] "Tingo Tingo"
*[[Mumaith Khan]] as [[item number]] "Tingo Tingo"
{{colend}}

==Soundtrack==
{{Infobox album
| name = Dictator
| type = Soundtrack
| artist = [[S. Thaman]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 20 December 2015
| recorded = 2015
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Film soundtrack]]
| length = 25:32
| language = [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
| label = [[Eros Music]]
| producer = [[S. Thaman]]
| prev_title = [[Sher (film)|Sher]]
| prev_year = 2015
| next_title = [[Chakravyuha (2016 film)|Chakravyuha]]
| next_year = 2016
}}

Music composed by [[S. Thaman]]. Music released on [[Eros International|EROS Music]] Company. The music of the film was launched on 20 December 2015 at [[Amaravati (state capital)|Amaravati]], the new Capital city of [[Andhra Pradesh]]. This movie was the first to release its audio at Amaravati. As this movie is 99th film in Balakrishna's career, the association of 'Balayya Helping Hands' organised a rally from KBR Park, [[Hyderabad]] to Audio Launch Venue at Amaravati with 99 cars with the permission of Government of Andhra Pradesh.<ref name="amaravati-ap">{{cite web|title=Dictator Shooting part is complete except for 1 song|url=http://amaravati-ap.blogspot.in/2015/12/dictator-shooting-part-is-complete.html|publisher=amaravati-ap|date=18 December 2015}}</ref> First Audio CD copy was released by [[Rayapati Sambasiva Rao]] and presented it to Balakrishna. Anjali, Andhra Pradesh's Agriculture Minister Prathipati Pulla Rao, [[Ravela Kishore Babu]], Sonal Chouhan, [[Korrapati Ranganatha Sai]], Anil Sunkara, Ram Achanta, [[Ramajogayya Sastry]], [[Chota K. Naidu]], Brahma Kadali, Ambika krishna, Sreedhar Seepana, [[Kona Venkat]], Gopi Mohan, [[Raghu Babu]] and others were present at this event.<ref>{{cite web|title=Dictator (2016) Audio Launch Details |url=http://amaravati-ap.blogspot.com/2015/12/dictator-2016-audio-launch-details.html |publisher=amaravati-ap |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222091353/http://amaravati-ap.blogspot.com/2015/12/dictator-2016-audio-launch-details.html |archive-date=22 December 2015 }}</ref>

{{Tracklist
| headline = Tracklist
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length = 25:32
| title1 = Gam Gam Ganesha
| lyrics1 = [[Ramajogayya Sastry]]
| extra1 = [[Divya Kumar (singer)|Divya Kumar]], Deepak, Sai Charan, Nivas
| length1 = 04:28

| title2 = Whats Up Baby
| lyrics2 = Ramajogayya Sastry
| extra2 = Naveen, [[Malavika (singer)|Malavika]]
| length2 = 04:38

| title3 = Chura Chura
| lyrics3 = Ramajogayya Sastry
| extra3 = Sanjana, [[Sri Krishna (singer)|Sri Krishna]]
| length3 = 03:56

| title4 = Tingo Tingo
| lyrics4 = [[Varikuppala Yadagiri Goud|Varikuppala Yadagiri]]
| extra4 = [[Kousalya (singer)|Kousalya]], [[Geetha Madhuri]], Simha
| length4 = 04:37

| title5 = Dictator
| lyrics5 = Ramajogayya Sastry
| extra5 = [[Sathyan (singer)|Sathyan]], Solar Sai, [[Saisharan|Sai Sharan]], Naveen, Sri Krishna
| length5 = 03:10

| title6 = Gana Gana
| lyrics6 = [[Bhaskarabhatla Ravi Kumar]]
| extra6 = Sameera Bharadwaj, Deepak, Simha
| length6 = 04:20
}}

===Reception===
{{Album ratings
| title = Music Review
| rev1 = IndiaGlitz
| rev1score = {{Rating|3|5}}<ref name="IndiaGlitz">{{cite web |title=Dictator Music review songs lyrics - IndiaGlitz.com |url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/dictator-songs-review-telugu-movie-20186 |website=IndiaGlitz.com |access-date=7 November 2018}}</ref>
}}

Indiaglitz in its review states that "Dictator is an album that is for the mass and class audiences alike. Chura Chura.. stands out and is sure to be on the chartbusters. Gana Gana works lyrically."<ref name="IndiaGlitz"/>

==Production==
Production of this action drama film began at [[Ramanaidu Studios]] in [[Hyderabad]] on 29 May 2015. Telugu actress Anjali and Balakrishna will star in this film, to be produced and directed by Sriwass (''[[Loukyam]]'' fame).<ref name=Balakrishna>{{cite news|title=Balakrishna 99th film Dictator launched|url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/balakrishna-99th-film-dictator-launched-telugu-news-134007.html|date=29 May 2015|access-date=27 June 2015}}</ref> In early July 2015, actress [[Sonal Chauhan]] was signed as one of the female lead in the film.<ref>[https://www.indiaglitz.com/balakrishna-to-romance-legend-actress-once-again-telugu-news-136646.html "Balakrishna to romance Legend actress once again"]</ref><ref>[http://www.123telugu.com/mnews/sonal-chauhan-roped-in-for-a-crazy-project.html "Sonal Chauhan roped in for a crazy project"]</ref> This movie is the first Telugu film produced by Eros International Media Limited. Regular shooting for this film commenced on 20 July 2015.<ref>{{cite web|title=Balakrishna 99th film Dictator first shooting schedule |url=http://www.telugucinema.com/balayya-dictator-first-shooting-schedule/ |access-date=19 July 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150717164448/http://www.telugucinema.com/balayya-dictator-first-shooting-schedule/ |archive-date=17 July 2015 |url-status=dead |df=dmy }}</ref> The lead actor Nandamuri Balakrishna lost 12 Kilograms of weight for the role in this movie. A wonderful set was built in [[Ramanaidu Studios]], Hyderabad for this movie. First schedule of the movie with few action sequences was shot in this set for 25 days.<ref>{{cite web|title=Dictator – Balayya's most stylish film till date!|url=http://www.manatelugumovies.net/dictator-balayyas-most-stylish-film-till-date/|publisher=ManaTeluguMovies|date=20 July 2015|access-date=23 July 2015}}</ref> Introduction song written by [[Ramajogayya Sastry]] titled ''Gam Gam Gam Ganesha... Gouri Tanaya Sarvesha...'' with theme on Lord Ganesha was shot in a big set designed by Brahma Kadali at Chithrapuri Colony, Hyderabad with 99 dancers and more than 2000 junior artists under the choreographer [[Prem Rakshith]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Nandamuri Balakrishna Dictator Introduction Song Shoot Started|url=http://maruthitalkies.com/nandamuri-balakrishna-dictator-introduction-song-shoot-started/75262.html|date=10 August 2015|access-date=10 August 2015}}</ref>

On 24 August 2015, Eros International Media Ltd released a press note saying that the movie had completed its first schedule in Hyderabad.<ref>{{cite web|title=Eros International's Telugu production 'Dictator' with Natasimha Balakrishna successfully completes its first schedule|url=http://www.erosintl.com/Eros-In-News/Eros-Internationals-Telugu-production---Dictator.aspx|publisher=Eros International}}</ref> Second schedule of this movie was planned in Europe where some talkie part, few fights and songs was shot. In the end of August 2015, the movie unit started shooting in [[Bulgaria]] at exotic locations.<ref>{{cite web|title='Dictator' unit lands in Bulgaria|date=27 August 2015 |url=http://www.123telugu.com/mnews/dictator-unit-lands-in-bulgaria.html|publisher=123telugu.com}}</ref> The movie unit completed another schedule at [[Delhi]] on 2 December 2015; and the final schedule with heavy mass, fight sequences in the second week of December at [[Hyderabad]].<ref>{{cite web|title=5 Heroines For Balakrishna in Dictator|url=http://www.chitramala.in/5-heroines-for-balakrishna-in-dictator-209924.html|first=Shashikanth|last=Madhav|date=1 December 2015|access-date=17 December 2015}}</ref> On 18 December 2015, the film director Sriwass announced that shooting part was complete except for one song.<ref name="amaravati-ap"/> The last song ''Tingo Tingo'' under choreography of Prem Rakshith, was shot at Hyderabad completing the shooting part of the film. [[Shraddha Das]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Item Song Details in Dictator|url=http://amaravati-ap.blogspot.com/2015/12/item-song-details-in-dictator.html|website=amaravati-ap|date=29 December 2015}}</ref> and the popular Item song dancer [[Mumaith Khan]] paired up with Balakrishna in this song.<ref>{{cite web|title=Mumaith Khan in Balakrishna's Dictator|url=http://amaravati-ap.blogspot.com/2015/12/mumaith-khan-in-balakrishnas-dictator.html|website=amaravati-ap|date=23 December 2015}}</ref>

==Box office==
''Dictator'' collected ₹10 crore gross at the worldwide box office on its first day, and fetched its distributors ₹ 7.5 crore. It has beaten the record of ''[[Lion (2015 film)|Lion]]'' and become the second-biggest opener for Balakrishna after ''[[Legend (2014 film)|Legend]]''.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.ibtimes.co.in/box-office-collection-nannaku-prematho-business-affected-by-dictator-express-raja-2nd-day-663351|title=Box office collection: Nannaku Prematho business affected by Dictator, Express Raja on 2nd day|first=Shekhar H | last=Hooli|date=15 January 2016|access-date=7 March 2016}}</ref> It has collected ₹18 crore gross at the AP/Telangana box office in its four-day-extended first weekend.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.ibtimes.co.in/dictator-4-day-box-office-collection-balakrishna-starrer-beats-scn-express-raja-ap-t-opening-663664|title='Dictator' 4-day box office collection|first=Shekhar H | last=Hooli|date=18 January 2016|access-date=7 March 2016}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|5304086}}
*{{Facebook|DictatorTheMovie}}

{{Sriwass}}

[[Category:2016 films]]
[[Category:2016 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Thaman S]]
[[Category:2016 masala films]]
[[Category:Indian action films]]
[[Category:Films with screenplays by Kona Venkat]]
[[Category:Films directed by Sriwass]]
[[Category:2016 action films]]

List of rulers of Bengal

2026-02-28T19:30:28Z

Felipa7295: fixes

{{Short description|None}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2021}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{more citations needed|date=December 2023}}
{{Unreliable sources|date=December 2023}}
{{Original research|date=December 2023}}}}
{{History of Bengal}}
{{Bengalis}}
This is a '''list of rulers of Bengal'''. For much of [[History of Bengal|its history]], [[Bengal]] was split up into several independent kingdoms, completely unifying only several times. In [[Kingdoms of Ancient India|ancient times]], Bengal consisted of the kingdoms of [[Pundra kingdom|Pundra]], [[Suhma kingdom|Suhma]], [[Vanga kingdom|Vanga]], [[Samatata]] and [[Harikela]].

In the 4th century BCE, during the reign of the [[Nanda Empire]], the powerful rulers of [[Gangaridai]] sent their forces consisting of [[war elephant]]s which led to the withdrawal of [[Alexander the Great]] from the [[Indian subcontinent]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gangaridai |url=https://en.banglapedia.org/index.php/Gangaridai |access-date=28 February 2022 |website=Banglapedia |archive-date=28 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220228043701/https://en.banglapedia.org/index.php/Gangaridai |url-status=live}}</ref>

With the rise of [[Gopala]] in 750 AD, Bengal was united once more under the [[Buddhist]] and [[Shaivism|Shaivite]] [[Pala Empire]]. The Pala period is considered as one of golden eras of Bengali history as it brought stability and prosperity to Bengal after centuries of [[Civil war|Civil War]], created outstanding works of art and architecture, proto-Bengali language developed under them including its first literary work, the Charyapada and so on. They ruled Bengal until the 12th century, before being succeeded by the Buddhist and Hindu [[Chandra dynasty]], [[Sena dynasty]] and [[Deva dynasty]]. The rule of the Sena and Deva dynasty extended over various parts of Bengal,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sena Dynasty |url=https://en.banglapedia.org/index.php/Sena_Dynasty#:~:text=Sena%20Dynasty%20ruled%20Bengal%20for,the%20history%20of%20ancient%20Bengal. |access-date=2025-01-08 |website=Banglapedia}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Deva Dynasty |url=https://en.banglapedia.org/index.php/Deva_Dynasty |access-date=2025-01-08 |website=Banglapedia |language=en |archive-date=8 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230708134740/https://en.banglapedia.org/index.php/Deva_Dynasty |url-status=live}}</ref> until the arrival of [[Muhammad Bakhtiyar Khalji|Muhammad bin Bakhtiyar Khalji]] as part of the [[Ghurid invasion of Bengal|Ghurid Invasion of Bengal]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bakhtiyar Khalji |url=https://en.banglapedia.org/index.php/Bakhtiyar_Khalji |access-date=2025-01-08 |website=Banglapedia}}</ref> {{citation needed|date=February 2023}}

In the early 13th century, [[Muhammad bin Bakhtiyar Khalji]] conquered the Western and parts of Northern Bengal,<ref>{{cite book |last=Majumdar |first=R. C. |author-link=R.C. Majumdar |year=1973 |title=History of Mediaeval Bengal |location=Calcutta |publisher=G. Bharadwaj & Co. |pages=1–2 |oclc=1031074 |quote=Tradition gives him credit for the conquest of Bengal but as a matter of fact he could not subjugate the greater part of Bengal ... All that Bakhtyār can justly take credit for is that by his conquest of Western and a part of Northern Bengal he laid the foundation of the Muslim State in Bengal. The historians of the 13th century never attributed the conquest of the whole of Bengal to Bakhtyār.}}</ref> and established the first [[Khalji dynasty (Bengal)|Muslim kingdom in Bengal]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Arnold |first=Thomas Walker |author-link=Thomas Walker Arnold |year=1913 |orig-year=First published 1896 |title=The Preaching of Islam: A History of the Propagation of the Muslim Faith |url=https://archive.org/details/preachingofislam00arno/page/277/mode/1up |url-access=registration |edition=2nd |location=London |publisher=Constable & Company |page=227}}</ref> The [[Delhi Sultanate]], under various Islamic dynasties such as the [[Mamluk Sultanate (Delhi)|Mamluk Sultanate]], the [[Khalji dynasty]], the Turko-Indian [[Tughlaq dynasty]], the [[Sayyid dynasty]] and the [[Lodi dynasty]] ruled over various parts Bengal for some 300 years, interrupted and frequently challenged by local muslim rulers of Bengal.<ref name="sen2">{{Cite book |last=Sen |first=Sailendra |title=A Textbook of Medieval Indian History |publisher=Primus Books |year=2013 |isbn=978-9-38060-734-4 |pages=68–102}}</ref><ref name="bp-history" />

The [[Bengal Sultanate]], a major [[trading nation]] in the world,<ref>Nanda, J. N (2005). {{cite book |year=2005 |title=Bengal: the unique state |publisher=Concept Publishing Company. p. 10. |isbn=978-81-8069-149-2 |quote=Bengal [...] was rich in the production and export of grain, salt, fruit, liquors and wines, precious metals, and ornaments besides the output of its handlooms in silk and cotton. Europe referred to Bengal as the richest country to trade with.}}</ref> was founded in 1342 by [[Shamsuddin Ilyas Shah]], after he united Satgaon, Lakhnauti and Sonargaon.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Iliyas Shah |url=https://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Iliyas_Shah |access-date=2025-01-08 |website=Banglapedia |archive-date=6 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220106060514/https://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Iliyas_Shah |url-status=live}}</ref> The [[Ilyas Shahi dynasty]] ruled Bengal for nearly 150 years. The [[Hussain Shahi dynasty]] founded by [[Alauddin Husain Shah]], reached its greatest territorial extent which saw the extension of the sultanate from modern [[Bihar]] and [[Odisha]] in the west, to [[Kamarupa|Kamaraupa]] and the port of [[Chittagong]] in the east, witnessing the arrival of the earliest [[Portuguese people|Portuguese]] merchants.<ref name="bp-history">{{Cite web |title=History |url=https://en.banglapedia.org/index.php/History |access-date=2025-01-08 |website=Banglapedia.org |language=en |archive-date=29 December 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241229062902/https://en.banglapedia.org/index.php/History |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Husain Shah |url=https://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Husain_Shah |access-date=2025-01-08 |website=Banglapedia |archive-date=22 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240622225258/https://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Husain_Shah |url-status=live}}</ref>

== Ancient Bengal ==
{{main|History of Bengal}}

=== Ancient geopolitical divisions ===

[[Image:Ancient Political Divisions.jpg|thumb|Ancient Political Divisions]]

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Ancient region !! Modern region
|-
| [[Pundravardhana]] || [[Rajshahi Division]] and [[Rangpur Division]] in Bangladesh; [[Malda division]] of [[West Bengal]] in India
|-
| [[Vanga kingdom|Vanga]] ||[[Khulna Division]] and [[Barisal Division]] in Bangladesh; West of the Padma river.
|-
| [[Tirabhukti]] || [[Mithila (region)|Mithila]] area of India and Nepal
|-
| [[Gauda kingdom|Gauda]] || Modern [[Malda, West Bengal|Malda]] and [[Murshidabad]] districts of West Bengal, India
|-
| [[Suhma]] || [[Burdwan division]], Medinipur division and Presidency division of West Bengal in India
|-
| [[Rarh]] || Corresponds to the modern Bardhaman, Bankura, Hooghly and Nadia districts of West Bengal in India
|-
| [[Samatata]] || [[Dhaka Division]], Barisal Division and [[Chittagong Division]] in Bangladesh
|-
| [[Harikela]] || [[Sylhet Division]], Chittagong Division, Dhaka Division and Barisal Division in Bangladesh
|}

The founders of [[Anga kingdom|Angas]], [[Vanga kingdom|Vangas]], [[Kalinga (Mahabharata)|Kalingas]], [[Pundra kingdom|Pundras]], [[Odra kingdom|Odras]] and [[Suhma kingdom|Suhmas]] shared a common ancestry. They were all adopted sons of a king named [[Bali (Chandravanshi)|Bali]], born by a sage named [[Dirghatamas|Gautama Dirghatamas]], who lived in [[Magadha kingdom|Magadha]] close to the city of [[Girivraja]].<ref>"The Mahabharata of Krishna-Dwaipayana Vyasa" Translated into English Prose, Bharata Press, Calcutta (1883–1896)</ref>

;Bengal from c. 1100 to c. 600 BCE
[[File:Late Vedic Culture (1100-500 BCE).png|thumb|Bengal and kingdoms in [[Vedic Period|Late Vedic Period]] c. 1100–600 BCE]]
;Bengal from c. 600 to c. 350 BCE
[[File:Mahajanapadas (c. 500 BCE).png|thumb|Bengal and kingdoms in [[Mahajanapada|Mahajanapada Period]] c. 600–350 BCE]]
;Bengal in c. 350 BCE
[[File:Nanda Empire, c.325 BCE.png|thumb|Firstly, the entirety of Bengal was conquered by [[Mahapadma Nanda]] in 350 BCE]]

=== Anga kingdom (c. 1100–530 BCE) ===
{{main|Anga}}{{POV section|date=November 2023}}{{see also|Magadha-Anga war}}

The earliest mention occurs in the [[Atharvaveda]] (V.22.14) where they are listed alongside the [[Magadhan|Magadhas]], [[Gandhara|Gandharis]] and the Mujavatas.<ref>Digha Nikaya</ref> Anga was annexed by Magadha in the time of [[Bimbisara]]. This was the one and only conquest of Bimbisara.<ref>The ''[[Garuda Purana]]'' 55.12; V.D. I.9.4; the ''[[Markendeya Purana]]'' 56.16–18</ref>

Known Anga rulers include:
* Maharaj Anga – (founder of the kingdom and son of King [[Bali (Chandravanshi)|Bali]])
* [[King Romapada|Romapada]]
* [[Brihadratha]]
* [[Karna|Angaraj Karna]]
* [[Vrishaketu]] – (son of Karna)
* Tamralipta
* Lomapada
* Chitraratha
* Vrihadratha
* Vasuhoma
* Dhatarattha
* Dhadivahana
* [[Brahmadatta of Anga|Brahmadatta]] – (last king of Anga kingdom)

=== Vanga kingdom (c. 1100–340 BCE) ===
{{main|Vanga Kingdom}}

Vanga was an ancient kingdom and geopolitical division on the [[Ganges delta]]. It was located in southern Bengal, with the core region including present-day southwestern [[Bangladesh]] and southern [[West Bengal]] (India).<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/West-Bengal#ref486986 |title=West Bengal | History, Culture, Map, Capital, & Population | Britannica |encyclopedia=Encyclopedia Britannica |access-date=17 April 2021 |archive-date=17 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417223652/https://www.britannica.com/place/West-Bengal#ref486986 |url-status=live}}</ref>

Known Vanga rulers are:
* Samudrasena
* Chandrasena
* Karna
* Bhagabhatta

=== Pundra kingdom (c. 1100–340 BCE) ===
{{main|Pundravardhana}}

Pundravardhana or Pundra Kingdom, was an ancient kingdom, that included parts of present-day [[Rajshahi Division|Rajshahi]] and [[Rangpur Division]]s of [[Bangladesh]] as well as the [[West Dinajpur district]] of [[West Bengal]] in India.<ref name="Hossain">>{{cite book |last1=Hossain |first1=Md. Mosharraf |title=Mahasthan: Anecdote to History |year=2006 |publisher=Dibyaprakash |pages=69, 73 |isbn=984-483-245-4}}</ref><ref name = "Banglapedia">{{cite web |url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Pundravardhana |title=Pundravardhana |access-date=10 November 2007 |last=Ghosh |first=Suchandra |work=Banglapedia |publisher=Asiatic Society of Bangladesh |archive-date=23 June 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170623150622/http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Pundravardhana |url-status=live}}</ref>

Known Pundra rulers are:
* [[Paundraka Vasudeva]]

=== Suhma kingdom (c. 1100–340 BCE) ===
{{main|Suhma kingdom}}

Suhma kingdom was an ancient state during the [[Vedic period]] on the eastern part of the [[Bengal]].This kingdom was mentioned in the epic [[Mahabharata]] along with its neighbouring kingdom ''Prasuhma''.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Klidsa |url=http://archive.org/details/raghuvamsaofkali00kliduoft |title=The Raghuvamsa of Kalidasa : with the commentary (the Samjivani) of Mallinatha; Cantos I-X; edited with a literal English translation, copious notes in Sanskrit and English, and various readings &c. &c. by M.R. Kale |last2=Mallinatha. Sajvan |last3=Kle |first3=M. R. (Moreshvar Ramchandra) |date=1922 |publisher=Bombay : P.S. Rege |others=Robarts - University of Toronto}}</ref>

=== Chola Empire(c. 848–1279 BCE) ===
{{Main|Chola Empire}}

=== Videha dynasty of Mithila (Tirabhukti) (c. 1100–700 BCE) ===
{{main|Videha|Mithila (region)}}

{{see also|History of Mithila Region}}

Tirabhukti or Mithila region is bounded by the [[Mahananda River]] in the east, the [[Ganges]] in the south, the [[Gandaki River]] in the west and by the foothills of the [[Himalayas]] in the north.<ref name=Jha1997>{{cite book |author=Jha, M. |year=1997 |chapter=Hindu Kingdoms at contextual level |title=Anthropology of Ancient Hindu Kingdoms: A Study in Civilizational Perspective |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=A0i94Z5C8HMC&pg=PA27 |pages=27–42 |publisher=M.D. Publications Pvt. Ltd |location=New Delhi |isbn=9788175330344}}</ref>

Mithila region firstly ruled by [[Videha|Videha dynasty]]. There were 52 ''Janaka'' (kings) ruled Videha dynasty of Mithila-<ref>{{cite web |author1=Kamal Kant Jha |author2=Pt. Sri ganeshrai Vidyabhushan |author3=Dhanakar Thakur |title=A Brief History of Mithila State Bihar Articles |url=http://www.bihar.ws/info/Cultural-regions-of-Bihar/A-Brief-History-of-Mithila-State.html |access-date=10 January 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120301094238/http://www.bihar.ws/info/Cultural-regions-of-Bihar/A-Brief-History-of-Mithila-State.html |archive-date=1 March 2012 |language=en |url-status=live}}</ref>

# Mithi (founder of Mithila and the first Janaka)<ref name="Singh">''Encyclopaedia of Hinduism''. Nagendra Kumar Singh, p. 3239.</ref>
# Udavasu
# Nandivardhana
# Suketu
# Devarata
# Brihadvrata
# Mahavira
# Sudhriti
# Dristaketu
# Haryasva
# Maru
# Pratindhaka
# Kritiratha
# Devamidha
# Vibhuta
# Mahidhrata
# Kirtirata
# Mahorama
# Swarnorama
# Hrisvaroma
# Seeradhwaja
# Bhaanumaan
# Shatadyumn
# Shuchi
# Oorjnaamaa
# Kriti
# Anjan
# Kurujit
# Arishtnemi
# Shrutaayu
# Supaarshwa
# Srinjaya
# Kshemaavee
# Anenaa
# Bhaumarath
# Satyarath
# Upagu
# Upagupt
# Swaagat
# Swaanand
# Suvarchaa
# Supaarshwa
# Subhaash
# Sushrut
# Jaya
# Vijaya
# Rit
# Sunaya
# Veetahavya
# Dhriti
# Bahulaashwa
# Kriti (last King of Videha or Janaka dynasty, Kirti Janak was atrocious ruler who lost control over his subjects. He was dethroned by public under leadership of [[Acharya]]s (Learned Men).

During this period of fall of Videha dynasty, the famous republic of [[Licchavi (clan)|Licchavi]] was rising in [[Vaishali (ancient city)|Vaishali]] and Mithila region came under control of Licchavi clan of [[Vajji|Vajji confederacy]] in around eighth century BCE.<ref>Raychaudhuri, Hemchandra (1972), ''Political History of Ancient India'', University of Calcutta, Calcutta, pp. 106–113, 186–90</ref>

=== Gangaridai kingdom (c. 350–100 BCE) ===
{{main|Gangaridai}}

Gangaridae is a term used by the ancient [[Greco-Roman]] writers to describe a people or a geographical region of the ancient [[Indian subcontinent]]. Some of these writers state that [[Alexander the Great]] withdrew from the Indian subcontinent because of the strong [[war elephant]] force of the Gangaridai. However, the geographical region was annexed and governed by the [[Nanda Empire]] at the time.

A number of modern scholars locate Gangaridai in the [[Ganges Delta]] of the [[Bengal]] region, although alternative theories also exist. Gange or Ganges, the capital of the Gangaridai (according to [[Ptolemy]]), has been identified with several sites in the region, including [[Chandraketugarh]] and [[Wari-Bateshwar ruins|Wari-Bateshwar]].<ref>{{cite web |title=History |quote=Shah-i-Bangalah, Shah-i-Bangaliyan and Sultan-i-Bangalah |url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=History |website=Banglapedia |access-date=23 September 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170929104319/http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=History |archive-date=29 September 2017 |df=dmy-all}}</ref>

== Magadha dynasties of Bengal ==
{{main|Magadha}}

[[File:Magadha Expansion 1.gif|thumb|Expansion of Magadha dynasties and empires.]]

=== Brihadratha dynasty (c. 1700–682 BCE) ===
{{Main|Brihadratha dynasty}}

;Rulers-
{| class="wikitable"
|+List of Brihadratha dynasty rulers
!Ruler
!Reign (BCE)
|-
| [[Brihadratha]] || – BCE
|-
| [[Jarasandha]] || – BCE
|-
| [[Sahadeva of Magadha]] || – BCE
|-
| Somadhi || 1661–1603 BCE
|-
| Srutasravas || 1603–1539 BCE
|-
| Ayutayus || 1539–1503 BCE
|-
| [[Niramitra]] || 1503–1463 BCE
|-
| Sukshatra || 1463–1405 BCE
|-
| Brihatkarman || 1405–1382 BCE
|-
| Senajit || 1382–1332 BCE
|-
| Srutanjaya || 1332–1292 BCE
|-
| Vipra || 1292–1257 BCE
|-
| Suchi || 1257–1199 BCE
|-
| Kshemya || 1199–1171 BCE
|-
| Subrata || 1171–1107 BCE
|-
| Dharma || 1107–1043 BCE
|-
| Susuma || 1043–970 BCE
|-
| Dridhasena || 970–912 BCE
|-
| Sumati || 912–879 BCE
|-
| [[Subala]] || 879–857 BCE
|-
| Sunita || 857–817 BCE
|-
| Satyajit || 817–767 BCE
|-
| Viswajit || 767–732 BCE
|-
| [[Ripunjaya]] || 732–682 BCE
|}
(''[[Ripunjaya]] was the last ruler of dynasty, dethroned by [[Pradyota]] in 682 BCE'')

=== Pradyota dynasty (c. 682–544 BCE) ===
{{main|Pradyota dynasty}}

;Rulers-
{| class="wikitable"
|+List of Pradyota dynasty Rulers
!Ruler
!Reign (BCE)
!Period
|-
| [[Pradyota|Pradyota Mahasena]]
| 682–659 BCE
| 23
|-
| Gopāla (Abdicated)
| 659 BCE
| ~1
|-
| Palaka
| 659–635 BCE
| 24
|-
| Aryaka
| ?
| ?
|-
| Visakhayupa
| 635–585 BCE
| 50
|-
| Ajaka
| 585–564 BCE
| 21
|-
| Varttivarddhana
| 564–544 BCE
| 20
|}
(''Varttivarddhana was the last ruler of the dynasty and was dethroned by [[Bimbisara]] in 544 BCE'')

=== Haryanka dynasty (c. 544–413 BCE) ===
{{main|Haryanka dynasty}}

;Rulers-
{| class="wikitable"
|+List of Haryanka dynasty rulers
!Ruler
!Reign (BCE)
|-
| [[Bimbisara]] || 544–492 BCE
|-
| [[Ajatashatru]] || 492–460 BCE
|-
| [[Udayin]] || 460–444 BCE
|-
| Anirudha || 444–440 BCE
|-
| Munda || 440–437 BCE
|-
| Darshaka || 437 BCE
|-
| [[Nāgadāsaka]] || 437–413 BCE
|}
(''[[Nāgadāsaka]] was the last ruler of the dynasty and was overthrown by [[Shishunaga]] in 413 BCE'')

=== Shishunaga dynasty (c. 413–345 BCE) ===
{{main|Shaishunaga dynasty}}

;Rulers-
{| class="wikitable"
|+List of Shishunga dynasty rulers
!Ruler
!Reign (BCE)
|-
| [[Shishunaga]] || 413–395 BCE
|-
| [[Kalashoka]] || 395–377 BCE
|-
| Kshemadharman || 377–365 BCE
|-
| Kshatraujas || 365–355 BCE
|-
| [[Nandivardhana]] || 355–349 BCE
|-
| [[Mahanandin]] || 349–345 BCE
|}
''([[Mahanandin]] lost his empire to his illegitimate son [[Mahapadma Nanda]] in 345 BCE)''

=== Nanda Empire (c. 345–322 BCE) ===
{{main|Nanda Empire}}

{{see also|Conquest of the Nanda Empire}}

;Rulers-
{| class="wikitable"
|+List of Nanda dynasty rulers
!Ruler
!Reign (BCE)
|-
| [[Mahapadma Nanda]] || 345–340 BCE
|-
| Pandukananda || 340–339 BCE
|-
| Pandugatinanda || 339–338 BCE
|-
| Bhutapalananda || 338–337 BCE
|-
| Rashtrapalananda || 337–336 BCE
|-
| Govishanakananda || 336–335 BCE
|-
| Dashasiddhakananda || 335–334 BCE
|-
| Kaivartananda || 334–329 BCE
|-
| [[Dhana Nanda]] || 329–321 BCE
|}
''([[Dhana Nanda]] lost his empire to [[Chandragupta Maurya]] after being defeated by him in 322 BCE)''

=== Maurya Empire (c. 322–184 BCE) ===
{{main|Maurya Empire}}

;Rulers-
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan=2 | Ruler!!Reign!!Notes
|-
|[[Chandragupta Maurya]]||||322–297 BCE|| He was the founder of the first united Indian empire.
|-
|[[Bindusara Amitraghata]]||||297–273 BCE||Acknowledged by [[Taranatha]], a Tibetan Buddhist Lama, for his foreign diplomacy, and territorial conquests. His Sanskrit name "Amitraghata" means "Slayer of Enemies".
|-
|[[Ashoka]]|| ||268–232 BCE||He was the greatest emperor of the dynasty. His son [[Kunala]] was blinded and passed away before him. Ashoka was succeeded by his grandson [[Samprati]]. He is also known for emerging victorious in the [[Kalinga war]] and repenting the sorrow and violence he had caused, leading to him turning to Buddhism. He sent his eldest son [[Mahinda (Buddhist monk)|Mahendra]] (according to Sri Lankan traditions) and his only daughter [[Sanghamitta|Sanghamitra]] (also according to Sri Lankan traditions) to the Kingdom of Anuradhapura as Buddhist missionaries.
|-
|[[Dasharatha Maurya]]||||232–224 BCE||Brother of [[Ashoka]].
|-
|[[Samprati]]||||224–215 BCE||Grandson of [[Ashoka]] and son of [[Kunala]].
|-
|[[Shalishuka]]||||215–202 BCE||Son of Samprati
|-
|[[Devavarman (Maurya)|Devavarman]]||||202–195 BCE||Son of Shalishuka
|-
|[[Shatadhanvan]]||||195–187 BCE|| The Mauryan Empire had diminished by the time of his reign.
|-
|[[Brihadratha Maurya|Brihadratha]]||||187–184 BCE|| Assassinated by his Commander-in-chief [[Pushyamitra Shunga]] belonging to the [[Shunga Empire]] in 185 BCE.
|-
|}
''([[Brihadratha Maurya|Brihadratha]] was the last ruler of dynasty, dethroned by [[Pushyamitra Shunga]] in 185 BCE)''

=== Shunga Empire (c. 185–73 BCE) ===
{{main|Shunga Empire}}

;Rulers-
{| class="wikitable"
|+List of Shunga dynasty rulers
!Ruler
!Reign (BCE)
|-
| [[Pushyamitra Shunga]]|| 185–149 BCE
|-
| [[Agnimitra]]|| 149–141 BCE
|-
| [[Vasujyeshtha]]|| 141–131 BCE
|-
| [[Vasumitra]]|| 131–124 BCE
|-
| Bhadraka || 124–122 BCE
|-
| Pulindaka|| 122–119 BCE
|-
| Ghosha|| 119–108 BCE
|-
| Vajramitra|| 108–94 BCE
|-
| [[Bhagabhadra]]|| 94–83 BCE
|-
| [[Devabhuti]]|| 83–73 BCE
|}
''([[Devabhuti]] was the last ruler of the dynasty dethroned by [[Vasudeva Kanva]] in 73 BCE)''

=== Kanva dynasty (c. 73–28 BCE) ===
{{main|Kanva dynasty}}

;Rulers-
{| class="wikitable"
|+List of Kanava dynasty rulers
! Ruler
!Reign
!Period
|-
| [[Vasudeva Kanva]]
| 73–64 BCE
|9
|-
| Bhumimitra
| 64–50 BCE
|14
|-
| Narayana
| 50–38 BCE
|12
|-
| Susarman
|38–28 BCE
|10
|}
''(Susarman was the last ruler of dynasty, dethroned by [[Simuka]] of the [[Satavahana Empire]])''

== Classical Era ==

===Chandra dynasty (c. 202–1050 CE)===
{{main|Chandra dynasty|Harikela}}

The Chandra Kingdom, which ruled the [[Vanga]]-[[Samatata]] region of [[Bengal]], as well as northern [[Arakan]]. Later it was a neighbour to the [[Pala Empire]] to the north. Rulers of the Chandra kingdom were followers of [[Hinduism]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Wicks |first=Robert S. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jFpdDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA86 |title=Money, Markets, and Trade in Early Southeast Asia: The Development of Indigenous Monetary Systems to AD 1400 |year=1995 |publisher=Cornell University Press |isbn=978-1-5017-1947-9 |pages=87 |language=en |access-date=12 October 2021 |archive-date=25 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231225070209/https://books.google.com/books?id=jFpdDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA86#v=onepage&q&f=false |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Johnston |first=E. H. |date=1944 |title=Some Sanskrit Inscriptions of Arakan |journal=Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London |volume=11 |issue=2 |pages=357–385 |doi=10.1017/S0041977X00072529 |jstor=609320 |s2cid=191758063 |issn=0041-977X}}</ref>

;Rulers-
{| class="wikitable"
|+List of Chandra dynasty Rulers
!#
!King
!Period
!Reign (CE)
|-
|1
|Chandrodaya
|27
|202–229
|-
|2
|Annaveta
|5
|229–234
|-
|3
|Chandranveta
|77
|234–311
|-
|4
|Rimbhiappa
|23
|311–334
|-
|5
|[[Kuverami]] (Queen)
|7
|334–341
|-
|6
|Umavira
|20
|341–361
|-
|7
|Jugna
|7
|361–368
|-
|8
|Lanki
|2
|368–370
|-
|9
|Dvenchandra
|55
|370–425
|-
|10
|Rajachandra
|20
|425–445
|-
|11
|Kalachandra
|9
|445–454
|-
|12
|Devachandra
|22
|454–476
|-
|13
|Yajnachandra
|7
|476–483
|-
|14
|Chandrabandu
|6
|483–489
|-
|15
|Bhumichandra
|7
|489–496
|-
|16
|Bhutichandra
|24
|496–520
|-
|17
|Nitichandra
|55
|520–575
|-
|18
|Virachandra
|3
|575–578
|-
|19
|Pritichandra
|12
|578–590
|-
|20
|Prithvichandra
|7
|590–597
|-
|21
|Dhirtichandra
|3
|597–600
|-
|22
|Mahavira
|12
|600–612
|-
|23
|Virayajap
|12
|612–624
|-
|24
|Sevinren
|12
|624–636
|-
|25
|Dharmasura
|13
|636–649
|-
|26
|Vajrashakti
|16
|649–665
|-
|27
|Dharmavijaya
|36
|665–701
|-
|28
|Narendravijaya
|2 yr 9 months
|701–703
|-
|29
|Dharmachandra
|16
|703–720
|-
|30
|Anandachandra
|9+
|720–729+
|-
| colspan="4" |[[Harikela|Harikela dynasty]]
|-
|1
|[[Traillokyachandra]]
|30
|900–930
|-
|2
|[[Srichandra]]
|45
|930–975
|-
|3
|[[Kalyanachandra]]
|25
|975–1000
|-
|4
|[[Ladahachandra]]
|20
|1000–1020
|-
|5
|[[Govindachandra (Chandra dynasty)|Govindachandra]]
|30
|1020–1050
|}

=== Pushkarana Kingdom (c. 4th century CE) ===
* Simhavarman
* [[Chandravarman]]

=== Gupta Empire (c. 240–550 CE) ===
{{main|Gupta Empire}}

;Rulers-
* [[Sri-Gupta I]] (240–280), the founder of the dynasty.
* [[Ghatotkacha (Gupta Ruler)|Ghatotkacha]] (280–319)
* [[Chandragupta I|Chandra Gupta I]] (320–335)
* [[Samudragupta|Samudra Gupta]] (335–380)
* [[Ramagupta|Rama Gupta]] (6 Months)
* [[Chandragupta II|Chandra Gupta II]] ([[Chandragupta Vikramaditya]]) (380–413/415)
* [[Kumara Gupta I]] (415–455)
* [[Skandagupta|Skanda Gupta]] (455–467)
* [[Purugupta|Puru Gupta]](467–473)
* [[Kumaragupta II|Kumara Gupta II]] (473–476)
* [[Buddha Gupta]] (476–495)
* [[Narasimhagupta|Narasimha Gupta]](495–540)
* [[Vainyagupta]] (~507)
* [[Kumaragupta III|Kumara Gupta III]] (500–540)
* [[Vishnugupta (Gupta Empire)|Vishnugupta]] (540–550), the last imperial Gupta ruler.

=== Independent Vanga Kingdom (c. 525–575 CE) ===
*Gopachandra
*Dharmadiya
*Samachardeva

=== Jaintia kingdom (c. 525–1835 CE) ===
{{main|Jaintia Kingdom}}

==== Old dynasty rulers ====
*Urmi Rani (?–550)
*Krishak Pator (550–570)
*Hatak (570–600)
*Guhak (600–630)

==== Partitioned Jaintia rulers ====
*Jayanta (630–660)
*Joymalla (660–?)
*Mahabal (?)
*Bancharu (?–1100)
*Kamadeva (1100–1120)
*Bhimbal (1120)

==== Brahmin dynasty rulers ====
*Kedareshwar Rai (1120–1130)
*Dhaneshwar Rai (1130–1150)
*Kandarpa Rai (1150–1170)
*Manik Rai (1170–1193)
*Jayanta Rai (1193–1210)
*Jayanti Devi
*Bara Gossain

==== New dynasty rulers ====
*Prabhat Ray Syiem Sutnga (1500–1516)
*Majha Gosain Syiem Sutnga (1516–1532)
*Burha Parbat Ray Syiem Sutnga (1532–1548)
*Bar Gosain Syiem Sutnga I (1548–1564)
*Bijay Manik Syiem Sutnga (1564–1580)
*Pratap Ray Syiem Sutnga (1580–1596)
*Dhan Manik Syiem Sutnga (1596–1612)
*Jasa Manik Syiem Sutnga (1612–1625)
*Sundar Ray Syiem Sutnga (1625–1636)
*Chota Parbat Ray Syiem Sutnga (1636–1647)
*Jasamanta Ray Syiem Sutnga (1647–1660)
*Ban Singh Syiem Sutnga (1660–1669)
*Pratap Singh Syiem Sutnga (1669–1678)
*Lakshmi Narayan Syiem Sutnga (1678–1694)
*Ram Singh Syiem Sutnga I (1694–1708)
*Jay Narayan Syiem Sutnga (1708–1731)
*Bar Gosain Syiem Sutnga II (1731–1770)
*Chattra Singh Syiem Sutnga (1770–1780)
*Yatra Narayan Syiem Sutnga (1780-1785)
*Bijay Narayan Syiem Sutnga (1785–1786)
*Lakshmi Singh Syiem Sutnga (1786-1790)
*Ram Singh Syiem Sutnga II (1790–1832)
*Rajendra Singh Syiem Sutnga (1832–1835)<ref>{{cite thesis |last=Laloo |first=Betty |date=20 July 2016 |title=Reconstructing the early Jaintia state through oral traditions |type=PhD |chapter=III: Early Jaintia State Formation |publisher=North-Eastern Hill University |chapter-url=http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/jspui/bitstream/10603/217208/9/09_chapter%203.pdf |access-date=13 October 2021 |archive-date=25 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231225070229/https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in:8443/jspui/pdfToThesis.jsp?toHandle=https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/217208&toFile=https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/217208/9/09_chapter%203.pdf |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://megtourism.gov.in/dest-jaintia.html |title=Jaintia Hills-Land of Myths and Legends |website=Mesmerizing Meghalaya |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200812044724/http://megtourism.gov.in/dest-jaintia.html |archive-date=12 August 2020}}</ref>

=== Gauda kingdom (c. 550–626 CE) ===
{{main|Gauda Kingdom}}

;Rulers-
* ''Early Gauda rulers are unknown''
* [[Shashanka]] (590–625), the first recorded independent Hindu king of Bengal, who created the first unified polity in Bengal.
* [[Manava (king)|Manava]] (625–626), ruled for 8 months before being defeated by [[Harshavardana]] and [[Bhaskarvarmana]] in 626 CE.

=== Pushyabhuti (Vardhana) Empire (c. 606–647 CE) ===
{{main|Pushyabhuti dynasty}}

;Rulers of Bengal-
* [[Harsha]]vardhana (606–647), unified Northern India and ruled it for over 40 years. he was the last non-Muslim emperor to rule a unified Northern India

=== Khadga dynasty (c. 625–730 CE) ===
{{main|Khadga dynasty}}

{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Titular Name
!Reign
!Notes
|-
|Khadgodyama (খড়্গোদ্যম)
|625–640
|Father of Jatakhadga
|-
|Jatakhadga (জাতখড়্গ)
|640–658
|Father of Devakhadga
|-
|Devakhadga (দেবখড়্গ)
|658–673
|Queen Prabhavati (প্রভাবতী)
|-
|Rajabhatta (রাজভট্ট)
|673–707
|Son of Devakhadga
|-
|Balabhatta (বলভট্ট)
|707–716
|Son of Devakhadga
|-
|Udirnakhadga (উদীর্ণখড়্গ)
|??
|
|}
;Rulers
=== Bhadra dynasty (6th to 7th century) ===
{{main|Bhadra dynasty}}

The Bhadra dynasty was a [[Bengali Hindus|Bengali Hindu]] royal house of [[Brahmin]] origin; their rule flourished during the first half of the 7th century, though little is known about their history. The kings of the dynasty bore names with the suffix "Bhadra".

;Known rulers are-
* Narayanabhadra
* Jyeshthabhadra

=== Mallabhum kingdom (c. 694–1147 CE) ===
{{Main|Mallabhum}}

;Rulers-
{| class="wikitable"
!Name of the king{{Sfn|Dasgupta|Biswas|Mallik|2009|p=31-43}}<ref>{{cite book |last1=Mallik |first1=Abhaya Pada |title=History of Bishnupur-Raj: An Ancient Kingdom of West Bengal |year=1921 |publisher=Abhaya Pada Mallik |pages=128–130 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QF4dAAAAMAAJ |access-date=11 March 2016 |archive-date=25 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231225070202/https://books.google.com/books?id=QF4dAAAAMAAJ |url-status=live}}</ref>
! Reign
!Notes
|-
|[[Adi Malla]]
|694–710
|
|-
|[[Jay Malla]]
|710–720
|
|-
|Benu Malla
|720–733
|
|-
|[[Kinu Malla]]
|733–742
|
|-
|Indra Malla
|742–757
|
|-
|[[Kanu Malla]]
|757–764
|
|-
|Dha (Jhau) Malla
|764–775
|
|-
|[[Shur Malla]]
|775–795
|
|-
|Kanak Malla
|795–807
|
|-
|Kandarpa Malla
|807–828
|
|-
|Sanatan Malla
|828–841
|
|-
|[[Kharga Malla]]
|841–862
|
|-
|Durjan (Durjay) Malla
|862–906
|
|-
|[[Yadav Malla]]
|906–919
|
|-
|Jagannath Malla
|919–931
|
|-
|Birat Malla
|931–946
|
|-
|Mahadev Malla
|946–977
|
|-
|Durgadas Malla
|977–994
|
|-
|[[Jagat Malla]]
|994–1007
|
|-
|Ananta Malla
|1007–1015
|
|-
|Rup Malla
|1015–1029
|
|-
|Sundar Malla
|1029–1053
|
|-
|Kumud Malla
|1053–1074
|
|-
|Krishna Malla
|1074–1084
|
|-
|Rup II (Jhap) Malla
|1084–1097
|
|-
|[[Prakash Malla]]
|1097–1102
|
|-
|Pratap Malla
|1102–1113
|
|-
|Sindur Malla
|1113–1129
|
|-
|Sukhomoy(Shuk) Malla
|1129–1142
|
|-
|Banamali Malla
|1142–1156
|
|-
|Yadu/Jadu Malla
|1156–1167
|
|-
|Jiban Malla
|1167–1185
|
|-
|[[Ram Malla]]
|1185–1209
|
|-
|Gobinda Malla
|1209–1240
|
|-
|[[Bhim Malla]]
|1240–1263
|
|-
|Katar(Khattar) Malla
|1263–1295
|
|-
|[[Prithwi Malla]]
|1295 -1319
|
|-
|Tapa Malla
|1319–1334
|
|-
|[[Dinabandhu Malla]]
|1334–1345
|
|-
|Kinu/Kanu II Malla
|1345–1358
|
|-
|Shur Malla II
|1358–1370
|
|-
|[[Shiv Singh Malla]]
|1370–1407
|
|-
|[[Madan Malla]]
|1407–1420
|
|-
|Durjan II (Durjay) Malla
|1420–1437
|
|-
|Uday Malla
|1437–1460
|
|-
|[[Chandra Malla]]
|1460–1501
|
|-
|[[Bir Malla]]
|1501–1554
|
|-
|[[Dhari Malla]]
|1554–1565
|
|-
|[[Bir Hambir|Hambir Malla Dev (Bir Hambir)]]
|1565–1620
|
|-
|[[Dhari Hambir Malla Dev]]
|1620–1626
|
|-
|[[Raghunath Singha Dev]]
|1626–1656
|
|-
|[[Bir Singha Dev]]
|1656–1682
|
|-
|[[Durjan Singha Dev]]
|1682–1702
|
|-
|[[Raghunath Singha Dev II]]
|1702–1712
|
|-
|[[Gopal Singha Dev]]
|1712–1748
|
|-
|[[Chaitanya Singha Dev]]
|1748–1801
|
|-
|[[Madhav Singha Dev]]
|1801–1809
|
|-
|[[Gopal Singha Dev II]]
|1809–1876
|
|-
|[[Ramkrishna Singha Dev]]
|1876–1885
|
|-
|Dwhaja Moni Devi
|1885–1889
|
|-
|[[Nilmoni Singha Dev]]
|1889–1903
|
|-
|Churamoni Devi (Regency)
|1903–1930
|
|-
|[[Kalipada Singha Thakur]]
|1930–1947
|
|}

== Post-Classical era ==

=== Pala Empire (c. 750–1161 CE) ===
Most of the Pala inscriptions mention only the regnal year as the date of issue, without any well-known [[calendar era]]. Because of this, the chronology of the Pala kings is hard to determine.<ref name="DKGanguly">{{cite book |author=Dilip Kumar Ganguly |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=N2tlKzxwhY8C&pg=PA41 |title=Ancient India, History and Archaeology |publisher=Abhinav |year=1994 |isbn=978-81-7017-304-5 |pages=33–41 |access-date=26 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230202001202/https://books.google.com/books?id=N2tlKzxwhY8C&pg=PA41 |archive-date=2 February 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Based on their different interpretations of the various epigraphs and historical records, different historians estimate the Pala chronology as follows:<ref name="Susan1984">{{cite book |author=Susan L. Huntington |title=The "Påala-Sena" Schools of Sculpture |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xLA3AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA32 |date=1984 |publisher=Brill Archive |isbn=90-04-06856-2 |pages=32–39 |access-date=26 May 2022 |archive-date=25 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231225070203/https://books.google.com/books?id=xLA3AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA32#v=onepage&q&f=false |url-status=live}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
!
![[Ramesh Chandra Majumdar|RC Majumdar]] (1971)
!AM Chowdhury (1967)
![[Bindeshwari Prasad Sinha|BP Sinha]] (1977)[''[[Bharatpedia:Verifiability|failed verification]]'']
![[Dineshchandra Sircar|DC Sircar]] (1975–76)
!D. K. Ganguly (1994)
|-
|[[Gopala (Pala king)|Gopala I]]
|750–770
|756–781
|755–783
|750–775
|750–774
|-
|[[Dharmapala of Bengal|Dharmapala]]
|770–810
|781–821
|783–820
|775–812
|774–806
|-
|[[Devapala (Pala dynasty)|Devapala]]
|810–<abbr>c.</abbr> 850
|821–861
|820–860
|812–850
|806–845
|-
|[[Mahendrapala]]
| colspan="4" |NA (Mahendrapala's existence was conclusively established through a copper-plate charter discovered later.)
|845–860
|-
|[[Shurapala I]]
| colspan="3" |Deemed to be alternate name of Vigrahapala I
|850–858
|860–872
|-
|[[Gopala II]]
| colspan="5" |NA (copper-plate charter discovered in 1995. Text of inscription published in 2009.)
|-
|[[Vigrahapala I (Pala dynasty)|Vigrahapala I]]
|850–853
|861–866
|860–865
|858–60
|872–873
|-
|[[Narayan Pala|Narayanapala]]
|854–908
|866–920
|865–920
|860–917
|873–927
|-
|[[Rajyapala]]
|908–940
|920–952
|920–952
|917–952
|927–959
|-
|[[Gopala III]]
|940–957
|952–969
|952–967
|952–972
|959–976
|-
|[[Vigrahapala II]]
|960–<abbr>c.</abbr> 986
|969–995
|967–980
|972–977
|976–977
|-
|[[Mahipala|Mahipala I]]
|988–<abbr>c.</abbr> 1036
|995–1043
|980–1035
|977–1027
|977–1027
|-
|[[Naya Pala|Nayapala]]
|1038–1053
|1043–1058
|1035–1050
|1027–1043
|1027–1043
|-
|[[Vigrahapala III]]
|1054–1072
|1058–1075
|1050–1076
|1043–1070
|1043–1070
|-
|[[Mahipala II]]
|1072–1075
|1075–1080
| rowspan="2" |1076–1078/9
|1070–1071
|1070–1071
|-
|[[Shurapala II]]
|1075–1077
|1080–1082
|1071–1072
|1071–1072
|-
|[[Ramapala]]
|1077–1130
|1082–1124
|1078/9–1132
|1072–1126
|1072–1126
|-
|[[Kumarapala (Pala king)|Kumarapala]]
|1130–1140
|1124–1129
|1132–1136
|1126–1128
|1126–1128
|-
|[[Gopala IV]]
|1140–1144
|1129–1143
|1136–1144
|1128–1143
|1128–1143
|-
|[[Madanapala (Pala dynasty)|Madanapala]]
|1144–1162
|1143–1162
|1144–1161/62
|1143–1161
|1143–1161
|-
|[[Govindapala]]
|1158–1162
|NA
|1162–1176 or 1158–1162
|1161–1165
|1161–1165
|-
|Palapala
|NA
|NA
|NA
|1165–1199
|1165–1200
|}

=== Sena dynasty (c. 1070–1230 CE) ===
{{main|Sena dynasty}}

The Sena dynasty ruled southwestern Bengal from 1070 and ruled East Bengal until 1230. [[Vijaya Sena]] conquered the entirety of Bengal by 1154 CE.

;Rulers-
*[[Hemanta Sena]] (1070–1096)
*[[Vijaya Sena]] (1096–1159)
*[[Ballala Sena]] (1159–1179)
*[[Lakshmana Sena]] (1179–1206)
*[[Vishvarupa Sena]] (1206–1225)
*[[Keshava Sena]] (1225–1230)

=== Deva dynasty (c. 1150–1294 CE) ===
{{main|Deva dynasty}}

;List of rulers is disputed-
* [[Purushottamadeva]]
* Madhusudanadeva
* Vasudeva
* Shantideva
* Viradeva
* Anandadeva
* Bhavadeva
* Damodaradeva (1231–1243)
* [[Dasharathadeva]] (1243–1281)
* Vikramadityadeva (1281–1294)

==Delhi Sultanate, Ghurid Empire period==
{{Main|Ghurid dynasty}}

=== Khalji dynasty ===
The [[Khalji dynasty of Bengal]] ({{Circa|1204-27}}) were initially representatives of the [[Ghurid Empire]], later becoming independent, although at times being subordinate to the [[Mamluk Sultanate (Delhi)|Delhi Sultanate]].

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! width="180" | Name
! width="80" | Reign
! width="400" | Notes
|-
| [[Muhammad bin Bakhtiyar Khalji]]
| {{Circa|1204}}–1206
| Began the Khalji dynasty in Bengal, established Devkot and Lakhnauti as capital, assassinated by Ali Mardan Khalji who briefly took power before being ousted by Shiran Khalji.
|-
| [[Muhammad Shiran Khalji]]
| 1206–1208
|Comrade of Bakhtiyar Khalji. Lost the power struggle with Ali Mardan, and fled to East Bengal where he died.
|-
| [[Iwaz Khalji|Husamuddin Iwaz Khalji]]
| 1208–1210
|Assumed the throne, but soon acknowledged Ali Mardan as sovereign when he returned from Delhi with an army given by Qutbuddin Aybek.
|-
| [[Ali Mardan Khalji]]
| 1210–1212
|Soon after ascension went mad. Deposed by Iwaz.
|-
| Husamuddin Iwaz Khalji as [[Iwaz Khalji|Ghiyasuddin Iwaz Shah]]
| 1212–1227
| Second term, built mosques and flood embankments. Known as a just and powerful ruler. Killed for rebelling against [[Sultan of Delhi]] [[Iltutmish]]
|-
| [[Alauddin Daulat Shah Khalji]]
| 1229–1230<ref>{{cite book |last=Ahmed |first=ABM Shamsuddin |year=2012 |chapter=Iltutmish |chapter-url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Iltutmish |editor1-last=Islam |editor1-first=Sirajul |editor1-link=Sirajul Islam |editor2-last=Jamal |editor2-first=Ahmed A. |title=Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh |edition=Second |publisher=[[Asiatic Society of Bangladesh]] |access-date=26 October 2015 |archive-date=3 July 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150703154814/http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Iltutmish |url-status=live}}</ref>
|
|-
| [[Malik Balkha Khalji|Balka Khalji]]
| 1230–1231
| Grandson of Husamuddin Iwaz Khalji. Last Khalji ruler, deposed and executed by Iltutmish, Bengal annexed to Delhi sultanate
|}

=== Delhi Sultanate ===
{{Main|List of sultans of Delhi|Delhi Sultanate}}

===Governors of Bengal under [[Mamluk dynasty (Delhi)|Mamluk dynasty]] (1227–1287)===
Governors of Bengal under the [[Mamluk dynasty (Delhi)|Mamluk dynasty]] of the Delhi Sultanate-
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! width="180" | Name
! width="80" | Reign
! width="400" | Notes
|-
| [[Nasiruddin Mahmud (eldest son of Iltutmish)|Nasiruddin Mahmud]]
| 1227–1229
| Appointed by his father Sultan [[Iltutmish]] of Delhi.
|-
| [[Alauddin Jani]]
| 1232–1233
|
|-
| [[Saifuddin Aibak]]
| 1233–1236
|
|-
| [[Awar Khan Aibak]]
| 1236
|
|-
| [[Tughral Tughan Khan]]
| 1236–1246
| Restored Mamluk governor
|-
| [[Tughlaq Tamar Khan]]
| 1246–1247
|
|-
| [[Jalaluddin Masud Jani]]
| 1247–1251
|
|-
| [[Malik Ikhtiyaruddin Iuzbak]]
| 1251–1257
| Claimed independence.
|-
| [[Ijjauddin Balban Iuzbaki]]
| 1257–1259
|
|-
| [[Tatar Khan]]
| 1259–1268
| Claimed independence.
|-
| [[Sher Khan of Bengal|Sher Khan]]
| 1268–1272
|
|-
| [[Amin Khan (governor)|Amin Khan]]
| 1272
|
|-
| [[Tughral Tughan Khan]]
| 1272–1281
| Second term as Mughisuddin Tughral
|-
| [[Nasiruddin Bughra Khan]]
| 1281–1287
| Second son of the sultan of Delhi, Ghiyasuddin Balban. Declared independence and founded the Balban dynasty
|}

=== House of Balban ===
The [[House of Balban]] ({{Circa|1287–1324}}) came about as a result of Mamluk governor [[Nasiruddin Bughra Khan]] declaring independence.
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! width="180" | Name
! width="100" | Reign
! width="300" | Notes
|-
| [[Nasiruddin Bughra Khan]]
| 1287–1291
| Declared independence from Delhi Sultanate. Father of the then sultan of Delhi, Kaiqubad.
|-
| [[Rukunuddin Kaikaus]]
| 1291–1300
| Second son of Bughra Khan. First Muslim ruler to conquer [[Satgaon]] kingdom, expanding Lakhnauti.
|-
| [[Shamsuddin Firoz Shah]]
| 1300–1322
| Either a relative or an advisor of Ruknuddin Kaikaus, ascended the throne in probable absence of an heir, ruled jointly with six adult sons. First Muslim ruler to conquer [[Sonargaon]], [[Mymensingh]] and [[Conquest of Sylhet|Srihatta]]. Completed Kaikaus' Conquest of Satgaon.
|-
| [[Ghiyasuddin Bahadur Shah]]
| 1322–1324
| Son of Firoz Shah. Lost independence of [[Bengal]] to Delhi Sultan [[Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq]].
|}

===Governors of Bengal under [[Tughlaq dynasty]] (1324–1338)===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! width="180" | Name
! width="100" | Region
! width="80" | Reign
! width="300" | Notes
|-
| [[Ghiyasuddin Bahadur Shah]]
| [[Sonargaon]]
| 1324–1328
| Appointed as governor by [[Sultan of Delhi]] [[Muhammad bin Tughluq]], but later declared independence
|-
| [[Bahram Khan]]
| [[Satgaon]]
| 1324–1328
|
|-
| [[Izzuddin Yahya]]
| [[Satgaon]]
| 1328–1338
|
|-
| [[Bahram Khan]]
| [[Sonargaon]]
| 1328–1338
|
|-
| [[Qadar Khan]]
| [[Gauḍa (city)|Lakhnauti]]
| 1324–1340
|
|}

== Bengal Sultanate era ==

=== Rulers of Sonargaon, Satgaon and Lakhnauti (1338–1352) ===
{{See also|Mubarak Shahi dynasty}}
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! width="180" | Name
! width="100" | Region
! width="80" | Reign
! width="300" | Notes
|-
|[[Fakhruddin Mubarak Shah]]
|[[Sonargaon]]
|1338–1349
|First independent ruler of Sonargaon and the Founder of [[Mubarak Shahi dynasty|Mubarak shahi dynasty]]
|-
|[[Ikhtiyaruddin Ghazi Shah]] the last Sultan of mubarak shahi dynasty
|[[Sonargaon]]
|1349–1352
|
|-
|[[Ilyas Shah]]
|[[Satgaon]]
| 1339–1342
|
|-
| [[Alauddin Ali Shah]]
| [[Gauḍa (city)|Lakhnauti]]
| 1339–1342
|
|-
| [[Ilyas Shah]]
|[[Gauḍa (city)|Lakhnauti]] and [[Satgaon]]
|1342–1352
|
|}

=== '''Sultanate of Bengal (1352–1576)''' ===

==== Ilyas Shahi dynasty (1352–1414) ====
{{Main|Ilyas Shahi dynasty}}

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! width="180" | Name
! width="80" | Reign
! width="400" | Notes
|-
| [[Shamsuddin Ilyas Shah]]
| 1352–1358
| Became the first sole ruler of the entirety of [[Bengal]], comprising [[Sonargaon]], [[Satgaon]] and [[Gauḍa (city)|Lakhnauti]]. Raided Nepal, defeated Orissa and Assam, defended Bengal against invaders from Delhi Sultanate.
|-
| [[Sikandar Shah]]
| 1358–1390
| Oldest son of Ilyas Shah and his wife Phulwara Begum. Repelled invasion from Delhi under Firuz Shah Tughlaq. Killed in battle with his son and successor, [[Ghiyasuddin Azam Shah]]
|-
| [[Ghiyasuddin Azam Shah]]
| 1390–1411
| Son of Sikandar Shah. Known for his justice and contribution to literature. His reign marks the high point of Ilyas Shahi dynasty.
|-
| [[Saifuddin Hamza Shah]]
| 1411–1412
|Son of Ghiyasuddin Azam Shah. Succeeded his father, but was assassinated.
|-
| Nasiruddin Muhammad Shah bin Hamza Shah
| 1413
| His coins were minted from Muazzamabad. Noman Nasir theorizes, based on numismatic evidence, that he was a son of Hamza Shah.<ref>Nasir, Noman. “Nasir Al-Din Muhammad - A New Sultan of Bengal.” Journal of the Oriental Numismatic Society, 2010</ref> Assassinated by either his half-brother or his father's slave, [[Shihabuddin Bayazid Shah]] on the orders of the landlord of [[Dinajpur]], [[Raja Ganesha]].
|-
| [[Shihabuddin Bayazid Shah]]
| 1412–1414
|Either a son or a slave of Saifuddin Hamza Shah.
|-
| [[Alauddin Firuz Shah I]]
| 1414–1416
|Infant son of Shihabuddin Bayazid Shah, while Raja Ganesh ruled the kingdom as regent. Soon deposed in favor of Raja Ganesh.
|}
In 2009 a coin of a ruler named Nasiruddin Ibrahim Shah was found in Bangladesh, which was struck in 818 AH (around 1416 CE). It is possible he was a claimant to the throne. Undated coin of another ruler called Siraj-al Din Sikandar Shah was found in southwestern Bengal in 2014. MD. Sharif Islam theorizes that this Siraj-al Din is the same Siraj-al Din mentioned by Riyaz As Salatin, who was a judge serving under Ghiyasuddin Azam Shah.<ref>Nasir N, Islam MS (2014) Siraj al-Din ‘Sikandar’ (?) Shah – a new ruler of the Bengal Sultanate. J Orient Numismat Soc 220:39–40</ref>

==== House of Raja Ganesha (1414–1435) ====
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! width="180" | Name
! width="80" | Reign
! width="400" | Notes
|-
| [[Raja Ganesha]]
| 1414–1415
| Jamindar of Bhaturia. Was immensely powerful during the last days of the Ilyas Shahis-at first ruled by keeping Alauddin Firuz Shah as a puppet. Abdicated in fear of a Jaunpuri invasion and converted his son to Islam.
|-
| [[Jalaluddin Muhammad Shah]]
| 1415–1416
| Son of Raja Ganesha and converted into Islam. His father ruled behind the scenes till saint Nur Qutb-i-Alam's death.
|-
| [[Raja Ganesha]]
| 1416–1418
| Second Phase. After the saint's death deposed his son, reconverted him to Hinduism and reascended the throne taking the name Danujamardanadeva.
|-
| [[Jalaluddin Muhammad Shah]]
| 1418–1433
| Second Phase. After his father's death he ascended the throne, reconverting to Islam. Persecuted Hindus. An able ruler, he conquered and vassalized Arakan, established diplomatic relations with Kashmir, the Timurids and China.
|-
| [[Shamsuddin Ahmad Shah]]
| 1433–1435
|Son of Jalaluddin Muhammad Shah, ascended the throne at 14. Was assassinated by his slave Nasir Khan and Shadi Khan.
|}
Two ephemeral rulers: Qutbuddin Azam Shah and Ghiyasuddin Nusrat Shah ruled Eastern Bengal for a brief period and struck coins from Muazzamabad (modern Sonargaon) in AH 837 (1434 CE). Siraj-al Din Sikandar Shah is only known from his undated coins, it is possible he belongs to this time period. It is not known if any of them were related to Shamsuddin Ahmad Shah or the Ilyas Shahis.<ref>Nasir N, Islam MS (2014) Siraj al-Din ‘Sikandar’ (?) Shah – a new ruler of the Bengal Sultanate. J Orient Numismat Soc 220:39–40</ref>

==== Restored Ilyas Shahi dynasty (1435–1487) ====
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! width="180" | Name
! width="80" | Reign
! width="400" | Notes
|-
| [[Mahmud Shah (Sultan of Bengal)|Nasiruddin Mahmud Shah]]
|1435–1459
|A descendant of Ilyas Shahis. Ascended the throne after putting Nasir Khan and Shadi Khan to death. Ruled over a prosperous state and constructed mosques and palaces throughout Bengal. The oldest building in Dhaka dates from his reign.
|-
| [[Rukunuddin Barbak Shah]]
| 1459–1474
| Oldest son of Mahmud Shah. An energetic ruler, defeated Kapilendra Deva of Orissa and raided Kamtapur, Bihar and Tripura, resulting in an all-round expansion of Bengal.
|-
| [[Shamsuddin Yusuf Shah]]
| 1474–1481
| Son of Barbak Shah. Well-known for his justice.
|-
| [[Nuruddin Sikandar Shah]]
| 1481
| Son of Mahmud Shah, succeeded his nephew but was soon deposed in favor of his brother, Fateh.
|-
| [[Jalaluddin Fateh Shah]]
| 1481–1487
| Son of Mahmud Shah. Tried to reign in the Habshis, who were becoming powerful and had started to interfere in royal affairs. Assassinated by his Habshi slave, Shahzada Barbak.
|}

==== [[Habshi dynasty]] (1487–1494) ====
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! width="180" | Name
! width="80" | Reign
! width="400" | Notes
|-
| [[Shahzada Barbak]]
| 1487
|
|-
| [[Saifuddin Firuz Shah]]
| 1487–1489
|
|-
| [[Mahmud Shah II of Bengal|Mahmud Shah II]]
| 1489–1490
|
|-
| [[Shamsuddin Muzaffar Shah]]
| 1490–1494
|
|}

==== [[Hussain Shahi dynasty]] (1494–1538) ====
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! width="180" | Name
! width="80" | Reign
! width="400" | Notes
|-
| [[Alauddin Hussain Shah]]
| 1494–1518
|Considered to be one of the greatest rulers in Bengali history for military expansion, economic prosperity and cultural renaissance during his reign. Conquered and annexed Kamtapur, Kamrup, Chittagong and parts of Arakan, Jaunpur and Tripura, defeated Orissa and Ahoms.
|-
| [[Nasiruddin Nasrat Shah]]
| 1518–1533
| Son of Alauddin Hussain Shah. A capable ruler, annexed Mithila (Northern Bihar and parts of Nepal) in 1526. Had to contend with [[Babur]] at Ghaghra in 1529, defended Bengal from Mughal encroachment. Assassinated by a slave.
|-
| [[Alauddin Firuz Shah II|Alauddin Firuz Shah]]
| 1533
|Son of Nasrat Shah. Deposed by his uncle Abdul Badr, later Ghiyasuddin Mahmud Shah.
|-
| [[Ghiyasuddin Mahmud Shah]]
| 1533–1538
|Son of Alauddin Hussain Shah, uncle to Alauddin Firuz Shah. His reckless and brash behavior angered allies and foes alike, and he was repeatedly defeated by Sher Shah. Finally deposed by Mughal Emperor [[Humayun]] in 1538.
|}

=== Governors of Bengal under [[Sur Empire]] (1532–1556) ===
{{Main|Sur Empire}}

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! width="180" | Name
! width="80" | Reign
! width="400" | Notes
|-
| [[Sher Shah Suri]]
| 1532–1538
| Defeated Mughals and became the ruler of Delhi in 1540.
|-
| [[Khidr Khan Surak|Khidr Khan]]
| 1538–1541
|A son-in-law to Ghiyasuddin Mahmud Shah. Soon deposed by Sher Shah.
|-
| [[Qazi Fazilat]]
| 1541–1545
|
|-
| [[Muhammad Khan Sur]]
| 1545–1554
|A cousin to Sher Shah.
|-
| [[Shahbaz Khan Kamboh|Shahbaz Khan]]
| 1555
|
|}

=== Restoration of Bengal Sultanate (1554–1576) ===
==== Muhammad Shah dynasty (1554–1564) ====
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! width="180" | Name
! width="80" | Reign
! width="400" | Notes
|-
| [[Muhammad Khan Sur]]
| 1554–1555
| Declared independence and styled himself as ''Shamsuddin Muhammad Shah''
|-
| [[Ghiyasuddin Bahadur Shah II|Khizr Khan Suri]]
| 1555–1561
|
|-
| [[Ghiyasuddin Jalal Shah]]
| 1561–1563
|
|-
| Ghiyasuddin Bahadur Shah III
| 1563–1564<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=i4tsWh7mRwYC&pg=PA124 Encyclopedia Of Bangladesh (Set Of 30 Vols.) By Nagendra Kr. Singh]</ref>
|
|}

==== [[Karrani dynasty]] (1564–1576) ====
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! width="180" | Name
! width="80" | Reign
! width="400" | Notes
|-
| [[Taj Khan Karrani]]
| 1564–1566
|
|-
| [[Sulaiman Khan Karrani]]
| 1566–1572
|
|-
| [[Bayazid Khan Karrani]]
| 1572
|
|-
| [[Daud Khan Karrani]]
| 1572–1576
|
|}

=== [[Baro-Bhuyan|<big>Baro Bhuyan</big>]] ===
* '''[[Isa Khan]]'''
* [[Masum Khan|Masum khan]]
* [[Musa Khan of Bengal|Musa khan]]
* Fazal Ghazi
* Bahadur Ghazi
* Khwaja Usman Khan Lohani
* Bayezid Karrani
* [[Pratapaditya]]
* Bir Hambir
* Kedar Roy
* Chad Ray
* Mukundaram Roy

== Mughal Empire Era ==
{{Main|Mughal Empire|List of emperors of the Mughal Empire}}

=== Mughal Emperors of Bengal ===
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Name
!Notes
!
|-
! colspan="2" |Emperor by name only
!
|-
|'''[[Babur]]'''
|First Mughal Emperor
|
|-
|'''[[Humayun]]'''
|
|
|-
! colspan="2" |Independent
!
|-
|'''[[Akbar]]'''
|First Mughal Emperor who conquered Bengal by defeating [[Sultan Daud Khan Karrani]]
|
|-
|'''[[Jahangir]]'''
|First Mughal Emperor who ruled Bengal independently.
|
|-
|'''[[Shah Jahan]]'''
|
|
|-
|'''[[Aurangzeb]]'''
|Last independent Mughal Emperor of Bengal who ruled in Bengal independently.
|
|-
! colspan="2" |Puppet Ruler
!
|-
|'''[[Azam Shah]]'''
|After the demise of Aurangzeb, the Mughal Empire became weak and Mughal emperors stayed as rulers in name only.
|
|-
|'''[[Bahadur Shah I]]'''
|
|
|-
|'''[[Jahandar Shah]]'''
|
|
|-
|'''[[Farrukhsiyar]]'''
|Last Mughal Emperor of Bengal. Under Farrukhsiyar, [[Murshid Quli Khan|Murshid Quli]] became the Nawab of Bengal in 1717 and Bengal became an Independent state.
|
|}

=== Mughal ''Subahdars'' of Bengal Subah (1574–1717) ===

=== During the reign of [[Akbar the Great|Akbar]] ===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! width="180" | Name
! width="80" | Reign
! width="400" | Notes
|-
| [[Munim Khan]]
| 25 September 1574 – 23 October 1575
| ''Khan-i-Khanan''
|-
| [[Khan Jahan I|Hussain Quli Khan]]
| 23 October 1575 – 19 December 1578
|
|-
| [[Muzaffar Khan Turbati]]
| 1579–1582
|
|-
| [[Mirza Aziz Koka]]
| 1582–1583
|
|-
| [[Wazir Khan Tajik]]
| 1583
|
|-
| [[General Shahbaz Khan Kamboh|Shahbaz Khan Kamboh]]
| 1583–1585
|
|-
| [[Sadiq Khan (Bengal)|Sadiq Khan]]
| 1585–1586
|
|-
| [[General Shahbaz Khan Kamboh|Shahbaz Khan Kamboh]]
| 1586–1588
|
|-
| [[Sa'id Khan]]
| 1588–1594
|
|-
| [[Man Singh I|Raja Man Singh I]]
| 1597 – 1606
|
|}

===During the reign of [[Jahangir]] ===
{| class="wikitable"
|}
{| class="wikitable"
!Name
!Reign
!Notes
|-
|[[Qutubuddin Koka]]
|2 Sep 1606 – 1607
|Killed in a battle against [[Sher Afghan]]. (Local history of Burdwan, West Bengal, India says that Qutub-ud-din Kokah died in a battle against Ali Quli Istajlu alias Sher Afgan in 1610 CE. The tombs where both of them were laid to rest are presently under the surveillance of Archaeological Survey of India.)
|-
|[[Jahangir Quli Beg]]
|1607–1608
|In early life, a slave of [[Akbar]]'s brother, Mirza Muhammad Hakim
|-
|[[Islam Khan I|Islam Khan Chishti]]
|1608–1613
|first governor to transfer the [[Bengal]] capital to [[Dhaka]] in 1610. An extremely capable governor, he finally subjugated the Bara Bhuiyans, annexed Jashore, Sylhet, Bhulua, Bakla (Barishal), Kamtapur, Koch Hajo and parts of Tripura, establishing Mughal control over the whole of Bengal and Kamrup. Mirza Nathan's memoir ''Baharistan-i-Ghaybi'' discusses his tenure in detail.
|-
|[[Qasim Khan Chishti]]
|1613–1617
|Younger brother of [[Islam Khan I|Islam Khan Chishti]]. Defeated by Arakan in 1616, soon recalled by the court.
|-
|[[Ibrahim Khan Fath-i-Jang]]
|1617–1624
|Brother-in-law of Islam Khan I and Qasim Khan Chisti and brother of Empress Nurjahan. Annexed parts of Tripura and Kamrup. Died in an attack by Prince [[Shahjahan]]
|-
|Darab Khan
|1624–1625
|Killed by Mahabbat Khan.
|-
|[[Mahabat Khan]]
|1625–1626
|
|-
|[[Muqarram Khan|Mukarram Khan]]
|1626–1627
|Nephew and son-in-law of Islam Khan Chisti. Was a military officer in Bengal during Islam Khan's tenure. Drowned in a river.
|-
|[[Fidai Khan]]
|1627–1628
|
|}

===During the reign of [[Shah Jahan]]===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! width="180" | Name
! width="80" | Reign
! width="400" | Notes
|-
| [[Qasim Khan Juvayni]]
| 1628–1632
|Brother-in-law of Emperor Shah Jahan. Defeated the Portuguese in Hughly in 1632.
|-
| [[Mir Muhammad Baqir]]
| 1632–1635
| Known as ''Azam Khan''
|-
| [[Islam Khan II|Mir Abdus Salam]]
| 1635–1639
| Known as ''Islam Khan Mashadi''. Decisively defeated the Ahoms and conquered Koch Bihar. Due to his achievements the emperor recalled him to the court to make him the Prime Minister (''Wazir-i-Azam'') of the Mughal Empire.
|-
| [[Shah Shuja (Mughal)|Prince Shah Shuja]]
| 1639–1647 again 1652–1660
|Second son of the Emperor. Ably ruled Bengal for a long time, put an end to the Portuguese and Magh piracy. Defeated and deposed by his brother And new Emperor, Aurangzeb.
|}

===During the reign of [[Aurangzeb]]===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! width="180" | Name
! width="80" | Reign
! width="400" | Notes
|-
| [[Mir Jumla II]]
| 1660–1663
|Defeated Shah Shujaat in battle. Defeated and annexed rebellious Kuch Bihar for a time, defeated the Assamese in battle and took Guwahati but died while returning back to Dhaka.
|-
| [[Shaista Khan]]
| 1664–1678
|Uncle to Aurangzeb, First governorship. The legendary governor, to this day his rule is remembered as a time of proverbial prosperity for Bengal. Finally defeated Arakan and annexed Chittagong fland up to Kaladan river in 1666. Lalbagh fort in Dhaka was built during his tenure.
|-
| [[Azam Khan Koka]]
| 1678
| Known as ''Fidai Khan II''
|-
| [[Muhammad Azam Shah|Prince Muhammad Azam]]
| 20 July 1678 – 6 October 1679<ref>{{cite book |last=Karim |first=Abdul |year=2012 |chapter=Muhammad Azam, Prince |chapter-url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Muhammad_Azam,_Prince |editor1-last=Islam |editor1-first=Sirajul |editor1-link=Sirajul Islam |editor2-last=Jamal |editor2-first=Ahmed A. |title=Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh |edition=Second |publisher=[[Asiatic Society of Bangladesh]] |access-date=26 October 2015 |archive-date=13 January 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160113092330/http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Muhammad_Azam,_Prince |url-status=live}}</ref>
|
|-
| [[Shaista Khan]]
| 1680–1688
|Second phase. Annexed some parts of Kuch Bihar.
|-
| [[Ibrahim Khan II]]
| 1689–1697
|
|-
| [[Azim-us-Shan|Prince Azim-us-Shan]]
| 1697–1712
|Grandson of the Emperor. His son, Farrukhsiyar served as deputy governor during his rule.
|}

== Medieval dynasties of Bengal (Autonomy Rulers Under Sultans, Mughals & Nawabs) ==
{{see also|List of Hindu empires and dynasties}}

=== Koch dynasty (c. 1515–1949 CE) ===
{{main|Koch dynasty}}

==== Rulers of undivided Koch dynasty (c. 1515–1586 CE) ====
* [[Biswa Singha]] (1515–1540 CE)
* [[Nara Narayan]] (1540–1586 CE)

==== Rulers of Koch Behar (c. 1586 – 1949) ====
{{further|Cooch Behar State}}
* Lakshmi Narayan
* Bir Narayan
* Pran Narayan
* Basudev Narayan
* Mahindra Narayan
* Roop Narayan
* Upendra Narayan
* Devendra Narayan
* Dhairjendra Narayan
* Rajendra Narayan
* Dharendra Narayan
* Harendra Narayan
* Shivendra Narayan
* [[Narendra Narayan]]
* [[Nripendra Narayan]]
* [[Rajendra Narayan|Rajendra Narayan II]]
* [[Jitendra Narayan]] (father of [[Gayatri Devi]])
* [[Jagaddipendra Narayan]] (ruled till 1949)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rvondeh.dircon.co.uk/cooch1.html |title=Princess Daisy of Pless: The Happy Years. An exhibition at Castle Pless |website=www.rvondeh.dircon.co.uk |access-date=13 October 2021 |archive-date=25 April 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090425091442/http://www.rvondeh.dircon.co.uk/cooch1.html |url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Kingdom of Bhurshut (c. 16th–18th century) ===
{{Main|Bhurshut}}

*Maharaja Shivanarayan
*[[Rudranarayan|Maharaja Rudranarayan]], Maharaja (16th century)
*[[Bhavashankari]], Maharani (16th century)
*[[Pratapnarayan]], Maharaja (17th century)
*[[Naranarayan of Bhurishrestha|Naranarayan]], Maharaja (17th century)
*[[Lakshminarayan of Bhurishrestha|Lakshminarayan]], Maharaja (c. 1695–1712)

=== Maharaja of Lower Bengal region ===
;Known rulers are-
;
;* [[Raja Sitaram Ray]] (1688–1714 CE)
=== Maharaja of Bhawal region ===
{{main|Bhawal Estate}}

Rulers of Gazipur and Madhupur forest are in central Bangladesh.

=== Kingdom of Tripura ===
{{Main|Twipra Kingdom}}

=== Kingdom of Assam & North East ===
{{Main|Ahom kingdom}}

==Nawabs of Bengal==

=== Independent Nawabs of Bengal (1717–1757 CE) ===

{| style="width:100%;" class="wikitable"
! style="background:#b0dc58; width:10%;"| Portrait
! style="background:#b0dc58; width:12%;"| Titular Name
! style="background:#f0dc88; width:22%;"| Personal Name

! style="background:#b0dc88; width:9%;"| Birth
! style="background:#b0dc88; width:9%;"| Reign
! style="background:#b0dc28; width:9%;"| Death
|-
| colspan="6" style="text-align:center;" |'''Nasiri Dynasty'''
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|[[File:Murshid Quli Jafar Khan.jpg|90px]]
| style="text-align:center;"|''Ala ud-Daula''
| style="text-align:center;"|[[Murshid Quli Khan|Murshid Quli Jafar Khan]]
| style="text-align:center;"|1665
| style="text-align:center;"|1717– 1727
| style="text-align:center;"|30 June 1727
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|[[File:Sarfaraz Khan.jpg|90px]]
| style="text-align:center;"|'' Mirza Asadullah''
| style="text-align:center;"| [[Sarfaraz Khan|Sarfaraz Khan Bahadur]]
| style="text-align:center;"|?
| style="text-align:center;"|1727
| style="text-align:center;"|April 1740
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|[[File:Shuja-ud-Din Muhammad Khan.jpg|90px]]
| style="text-align:center;"|''Shuja ud-Daula''
| style="text-align:center;"| [[Shuja-ud-Din Muhammad Khan]]
| style="text-align:center;"|1670
| style="text-align:center;"|July 1727 – 26 August 1739
| style="text-align:center;"|26 August 1739
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|[[File:Sarfaraz Khan.jpg|90px]]
| style="text-align:center;"|'' Mirza Asadullah''
| style="text-align:center;"| [[Sarfaraz Khan|Sarfaraz Khan Bahadur]]
| style="text-align:center;"|?
| style="text-align:center;"|13 March 1739 – April 1740
| style="text-align:center;"|April 1740
|-
| colspan="6" style="text-align:center;" |'''Afshar Dynasty'''
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|[[File:The musnud of Murshidabad (1704-1904) being a synopsis of the history of Murshidabad for the last two centuries, to which are appended notes of places and objects of interest at Murshidabad (1905) (14774447504).jpg|148x148px]]
| style="text-align:center;"|''Husam ud-Daula''
| style="text-align:center;"| [[Alivardi Khan|Muhammad Alivardi Khan Bahadur]]
| style="text-align:center;"|10 May 1671
| style="text-align:center;"|29 April 1740 – 16 April 1756
| style="text-align:center;"|16 April 1756
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|[[File:Siraj ud-Daulah.jpg|90px]]
| style="text-align:center;"|''Siraj ud-Daulah''
| style="text-align:center;"| [[Siraj ud-Daulah|Mîrzâ Muhammad Sirâj-ud-Daulah]]
| style="text-align:center;"|1733
| style="text-align:center;"|April 1756 – 2 June 1757
| style="text-align:center;"|June 1757
|}

=== Shamsher Gazi's Kingdom ===
{{Main|Shamsher Gazi}}

[[File:শিল্পের পরিদর্শন.jpg|thumb|Reinterpreted fort of Shamsher Ghazi at a resort in [[Chhagalnaiya Upazila|Southern Chhagalnaiya]].]]
The advent of the [[British East India Company]] with its "exploitation and oppression" alongside zamindari subjugation, made life of the peasants and farmers difficult and despondent. Shamsher Gazi's efficient rule freed them of this control. With the granting of rent exemption to the peasants, he managed to govern the economy in an appropriate manner, leading to the reduction of the prices of essential commodities.<ref name="Rāẏa1999">{{cite book |last=Rāẏa |first=Suprakāśa |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=il9uAAAAMAAJ |title=Peasant Revolts And Democratic Struggles In India |publisher=ICBS (Delhi) |year=1999 |isbn=978-81-85971-61-2 |page=24 |accessdate=29 October 2015}}</ref> He was generous to both the Hindus and Muslims. He had ponds dug, naming them after himself, and built many schools in and outside his capital Jagannath Sonapur.<ref name="Sharma">{{Citation |last=Sharma |first=Virendra Nath |title=Sawai Jai Singh and His Astronomy |pages=8–9 |year=1995 |publisher=[[Motilal Banarsidass]] Publ. |isbn=978-81-208-1256-7}}</ref> 'Kaiyar Sagar' was one of the larger ponds in the area.<ref name=blp>{{cite Banglapedia |article=Shamsher Gazi |last=Nawaz |first=Ali}}</ref>

=== Nawabs of Bengal under East India Company (1757–1881 CE) ===

{| style="width:100%;" class="wikitable"
! style="background:#b0dc58; width:10%;"| Portrait
! style="background:#b0dc58; width:12%;"| Titular Name
! style="background:#f0dc88; width:22%;"| Personal Name

! style="background:#b0dc88; width:9%;"| Birth
! style="background:#b0dc88; width:9%;"| Reign
! style="background:#b0dc28; width:9%;"| Death
|-
| colspan="6" style="text-align:center;" |'''Najafi Dynasty'''
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| [[File:Mir Jafar (left) and Mir Miran (right).jpg|90px]]
| style="text-align:center;"|''Ja'afar 'Ali Khan Bahadur''
| style="text-align:center;"| [[Mir Jafar|Mir Muhammed Jafar Ali Khan]]
| style="text-align:center;"|1691
| style="text-align:center;"|June 1757 – October 1760
| style="text-align:center;"|17 January 1765
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|[[File:Mir Qasim.jpg|90px]]
| style="text-align:center;"|'' Itimad ud-Daulah''
| style="text-align:center;"| [[Mir Qasim|Mir Kasim Ali Khan Bahadur]]
| style="text-align:center;"|?
| style="text-align:center;"|1760–1763
| style="text-align:center;"|1777
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|[[File:Mir Jafar (left) and Mir Miran (right).jpg|90px]]
| style="text-align:center;"|''Ja'afar 'Ali Khan Bahadur''
| style="text-align:center;"| [[Mir Jafar|Mir Muhammed Jafar Ali Khan]]
| style="text-align:center;"|1691
| style="text-align:center;"|25 July 1763 – 17 January 1765
| style="text-align:center;"|17 January 1765
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|[[File:Nazam ud-Daulah.jpg|90px]]
| style="text-align:center;"|''Nazam-ud-Daulah''
| style="text-align:center;"| [[Najimuddin Ali Khan]]
| style="text-align:center;"|1750
| style="text-align:center;"|5 February 1765 – 8 May 1766
| style="text-align:center;"|8 May 1766
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|[[File:Saif ud-Daulah.jpg|90px]]
| style="text-align:center;"|''Saif ud-Daulah''
| style="text-align:center;"| [[Najabut Ali Khan]]
| style="text-align:center;"|1749
| style="text-align:center;"|22 May 1766 – 10 March 1770
| style="text-align:center;"|10 March 1770
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|[[File:TombAshrafAliKhan.jpg|90px]]
| style="text-align:center;"|
| style="text-align:center;"| [[Ashraf Ali Khan]]
| style="text-align:center;"|Before 1759
| style="text-align:center;"|10 March 1770 – 24 March 1770
| style="text-align:center;"|24 March 1770
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|[[File:Mubaraq ud-Daulah.jpg|90px]]
| style="text-align:center;"|''Mubarak ud-Daulah''
| style="text-align:center;"| [[Mubarak Ali Khan]]
| style="text-align:center;"|1759
| style="text-align:center;"|21 March 1770 – 6 September 1793
| style="text-align:center;"|6 September 1793
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|[[File:Babar Ali.jpg|90px]]
| style="text-align:center;"|''Azud ud-Daulah''
| style="text-align:center;"| [[Baber Ali Khan|Babar Ali Khan Bahadur]]
| style="text-align:center;"|?
| style="text-align:center;"|1793 – 28 April 1810
| style="text-align:center;"|28 April 1810
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|[[File:Ali Jah.jpg|90px]]
| style="text-align:center;"|''Ali Jah''
| style="text-align:center;"| [[Zain-ud-Din Ali Khan]]
| style="text-align:center;"|?
| style="text-align:center;"|5 June 1810 – 6 August 1821
| style="text-align:center;"|6 August 1821
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|[[File:Walla Jah.jpg|90px]]
| style="text-align:center;"|''Walla Jah''
| style="text-align:center;"| [[Ahmad Ali Khan]]
| style="text-align:center;"|?
| style="text-align:center;"|1810 – 30 October 1824
| style="text-align:center;"|30 October 1824
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|[[File:Nawab Nazim Humayun Jah.jpg|90px]]
| style="text-align:center;"|''Humayun Jah''
| style="text-align:center;"| [[Mubarak Ali Khan II]]
| style="text-align:center;"|29 September 1810
| style="text-align:center;"|1824 – 3 October 1838
| style="text-align:center;"|3 October 1838
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|[[File:Feradun Jah.jpg|90px]]
| style="text-align:center;"|''Feradun Jah''
| style="text-align:center;"| [[Mansur Ali Khan]]
| style="text-align:center;"|29 October 1830
| style="text-align:center;"|29 October 1838 –1881 (abdicated)
| style="text-align:center;"|5 November 1884
|}

=== Nawabs of Murshidabad ===
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%; text-align:center;"
|-
! style="background:#b0dc58; width:10%;"| Picture
! style="background:#b0dc58; width:12%;"| Titular Name
! style="background:#f0dc88; width:22%;"| Personal Name
! style="background:#b0dc88; width:9%;"| Birth
! style="background:#b0dc88; width:9%;"| Reign
! style="background:#b0dc28; width:9%;"| Death
|-
! scope="row" colspan="6"| Najafi Dynasty
|-
| [[File:Young Hassan Ali.jpg|90px]]
| ''Ali Kadir''
| [[Hassan Ali Mirza|Syed Hassan Ali Mirza Khan Bahadur]]
| 25 August 1846
| 17 February 1882 – 25 December 1906
| 25 December 1906<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://murshidabad.net/history/history-topic-hassan-ali.htm |title=Murshidabad History – Hassan Ali |last=Paul |first=Gautam |website=murshidabad.net |access-date=9 October 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160901085703/http://murshidabad.net/history/history-topic-hassan-ali.htm |archive-date=1 September 2016}}</ref>
|-
| [[File:Wasif Ali Mirza Khan Bahadur.jpg|90px]]
| ''Amir ul-Omrah''
| [[Wasif Ali Mirza|Syed Wasif Ali Mirza Khan Bahadur]]
| 7 January 1875
| December 1906 – 23 October 1959
| 23 October 1959<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=A39FAQAAMAAJ&q=Amir+ul-Omrah&pg=PA118 |title=Papers Presented to the House of Commons Concerning the Late Nabob of the Carnatic |last=East India Company |date=1807 |pages=118 |language=en |access-date=24 September 2021 |archive-date=20 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221020194657/https://books.google.com/books?id=A39FAQAAMAAJ&q=Amir+ul-Omrah&pg=PA118 |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| [[File:Waris Ali.jpg|90px]]
| ''Raes ud-Daulah''
| [[Waris Ali Mirza|Syed Waris Ali Mirza Khan Bahadur]]
| 14 November 1901
| 23 October 1959 – 20 November 1969
| 20 November 1969<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://murshidabad.net/history/history-topic-waresh-ali.htm |title=Murshidabad History – Waresh Ali |last=Paul |first=Gautam |website=murshidabad.net |access-date=9 October 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170322124629/http://murshidabad.net/history/history-topic-waresh-ali.htm |archive-date=22 March 2017}}</ref>
|-
| {{n/a}}
| {{n/a}}
| Disputed/In [[abeyance]]<ref name="againnawab">{{cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/Murshidabad-gets-a-Nawab-again-but-fight-for-assets-ahead/articleshow/40434802.cms |title=Murshidabad gets a Nawab again, but fight for assets ahead |work=The Times of India |date=20 August 2014 |access-date=14 June 2015 |author=Mahato, Sukumar |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150426161645/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/Murshidabad-gets-a-Nawab-again-but-fight-for-assets-ahead/articleshow/40434802.cms |archive-date=26 April 2015}}</ref><ref name="againnawabtwo">{{cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/Portrait-of-an-accidental-Nawab/articleshow/40618038.cms |title=Portrait of an accidental Nawab |work=The Times of India |date=22 August 2014 |access-date=14 June 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140823192242/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/Portrait-of-an-accidental-Nawab/articleshow/40618038.cms |archive-date=23 August 2014}}</ref>
| {{n/a}}
| 20 November 1969 – 13 August 2014
| {{n/a}}
|-
| [[File:Coat of Arms of the Nawab of Murshidabad.png|90px]]
| {{n/a}}
| [[Abbas Ali Mirza|Syed Mohammed Abbas Ali Mirza Khan Bahadur]]
| Circa 1942
| 13 August 2014 – ''Incumbent'' ([[Pretender|titular]])<ref name="againnawab" /><ref name="againnawabtwo" />
| {{n/a}}
|}

== Bangalah Emirates ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+Badshah
!Name
!Reign
|-
|[[Titumir]]
|1827–1831
|}

== East India Company governors, British Raj and Bengal Presidency Era in Bengal ==
{{Main|Bengal Presidency}}

===Governors of British East India Company in Bengal (1757–1773)===
* [[Robert Clive, 1st Baron Clive|Robert Clive]] 1757 – 1760
* [[Henry Vansittart]] 1760 – 1764
* [[Robert Clive, 1st Baron Clive|Robert Clive]] (again) 1765 – 1766
* [[Harry Verelst (colonial governor)|Harry Verelst]] 1767 – 1769
* [[John Cartier]] 1769 – 1772
* [[Warren Hastings]] 1772 – 1773
As per the treaty of Allahabad in 1765, the [[British East India Company]] (BEIC) was given the right to collect revenue (Diwani right). From 1769, the company collected revenue from Bengal.

=== Governors-General of British East India Company in Bengal – Dual government (1773–1793) ===
Following the [[Regulating Act 1773]], the Governor of Bengal was officially called Governor-General of Fort William.
* [[Warren Hastings]] 1773 – 1785
* [[Charles Cornwallis, 1st Marquess Cornwallis|Charles Cornwallis]] 1786 – 1793

=== Governors-General of British East India Company in Bengal (1793–1833) ===
In 1793, the British East India Company abolished Nizamat, i.e. local rule by Mughal emperor- appointed Nawabs and annexed Bengal.
* [[Sir John Shore]] 1793 – 1798
* [[Richard Wellesley, 1st Marquess Wellesley|Richard Wellesley]] 1798 – 1805
* [[Charles Cornwallis, 1st Marquess Cornwallis|Charles Cornwallis]] 1805 – 1805
* [[Sir George Barlow, 1st Baronet]] 1805 – 1807
* [[Gilbert Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound, 1st Earl of Minto]] 1807 – 1813
* [[Francis Rawdon-Hastings, 1st Marquess of Hastings]] 1813 – 1823
* [[John Adam (administrator)|John Adam]] 1823 – 1823
* [[William Amherst, 1st Earl Amherst]] 1823 – 1828
* [[William Butterworth Bayley]] 1828 – 1828
* [[Lord William Bentinck]] 1828 – 1833

=== Governor-Generals of British East India Company (1833–1858) ===
As per [[Charter Act 1833]], the Governor-General of Bengal would be called Governor-General of India
* [[Lord William Bentinck]] 1833 – 1835
* [[Charles Metcalfe, 1st Baron Metcalfe]] 1835 – 1836
* [[George Eden, 1st Earl of Auckland|George Eden]] 1836 – 1842
* [[Edward Law, 1st Earl of Ellenborough|Edward Law]] 1842 – 1844
* [[William Wilberforce Bird (governor)|William Bird]] 1844 – 1844
* [[Henry Hardinge, 1st Viscount Hardinge|Henry Hardinge]] 1844 – 1848
* [[James Broun-Ramsay, 1st Marquess of Dalhousie|James Broun-Ramsay]] 1848 – 1856
* [[Charles Canning, 1st Earl Canning|The Viscount Canning]] 1856 – 1858

=== British Raj era ===
[[File:A cyclopedia of missions - containing a comprehensive view of missionary operations throughout the world - with geographical descriptions, and accounts of the social, moral, and religious condition of (14576605978).jpg|thumb|1855 British Bengal missions]]
[[File:Pope1880BengalPres2.jpg|thumb|1880 British Bengal province]]
With the establishment of the [[British Raj|Empire of India]] in 1858, the position of Governor-General was replaced with Governor-General and Viceroy of India. [[Kolkata|Calcutta]], the capital of Bengal also became the capital of India. As a result, the position of Lieutenant-Governor of Bengal was established to look after provincial matters.

===Lieutenant-Governors (1858–1912)===
* [[Frederick James Halliday]] 1858–1859
* John Grant 1859–1862
* [[Sir Cecil Beadon]] 1862–1866
* [[Sir William Grey]] 1866–1871
* [[George Campbell (1824–92)|George Campbell]] 1871–1874
* [[Sir Richard Temple, 1st Baronet|Sir Richard Temple]] 1874–1877
* [[Ashley Eden|Sir Ashley Eden]] 1877–1879
* [[Steuart Bayley]] 1879–1882
* [[Sir Augustus Thompson]] 1882–1885
* Horace Cockerell 1885–1887
* [[Sir Steuart Bayley]] 1887–1890
* [[Charles Alfred Elliott|Charles Eliott]] 1890–1893
* [[Anthony MacDonnell]] 1893–1895
* [[Alexander Mackenzie (civil servant)|Alexander Mackenzie]] 1895–1897
* [[Charles Cecil Stevens]] 1897–1898
* [[Sir John Woodburn]] 1898–1902
* James Bourdillon 1902–1903
* [[Sir Andrew Fraser]] 1903–1905
* Sir Andrew Fraser (Western Bengal); [[Bampfylde Fuller|Sir Bampfylde Fuller]] ([[Eastern Bengal and Assam]]) 1905–1906
* [[Francis Slacke]] (Western Bengal) 1906–1908; [[Lancelot Hare]] (Eastern Bengal and Assam) 1906–1911
* [[Sir Edward Baker]] (Western Bengal) 1908–1911
* [[William Duke (colonial governor)|Sir William Duke]] (Western Bengal); Sir Charles Stuart Bayley (Eastern Bengal and Assam) 1911–1912

===Governors (1912–1947)===
In late 1911, the Indian Government decided to [[Delhi Durbar#Durbar of 1911|move the capital]] to New Delhi. As a result, the '''Governorship of Bengal Presidency''' was now necessary.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:left" width="95%"
|-
! width=10% |Name
! width=10% |Took office
! width=10% |Left office
|-
| [[Thomas Gibson-Carmichael, 1st Baron Carmichael|'''Thomas Gibson-Carmichael''', 1st Baron Carmichael]]
| 1912
| 1917
|-
| [[Lawrence Dundas, 2nd Marquess of Zetland|'''Lawrence Dundas''', Earl of Ronaldshay]]
| 1917
| 1922
|-
| [[Victor Bulwer-Lytton, 2nd Earl of Lytton|'''Victor Bulwer-Lytton''', 2nd Earl of Lytton]]
| 1922
| 1927
|-
| [[Stanley Jackson (cricketer)|Sir '''Stanley Jackson''']]
| 1927
| 1932
|-
| [[John Anderson, 1st Viscount Waverley|Sir '''John Anderson''']]
| 1932
| 1937
|-
| [[Michael Knatchbull, 5th Baron Brabourne|'''Michael Knatchbull''', 5th Baron Brabourne]]
| 1937
| 1938
|-
| [[John Arthur Herbert|Sir '''John Arthur Herbert''']]
| 1939
| 1943
|-
| '''[[Richard Casey, Baron Casey|Richard Casey]]'''
| 1944
| 1946
|-
| [[Frederick Burrows|Sir '''Frederick Burrows''']]
| 1946
| 1947
|}

===Prime Minister of Bengal (1937–1947)===
{{main|Prime Minister of Bengal}}

The [[Government of India Act 1935]] introduced provincial autonomy in India and the position of Chief Minister or Premier of Bengal became very prominent.

====Office holders====
[[File:Writers' Building, Calcutta, India (8136102863).jpg|thumb|[[Writer's Building]] in Kolkata, the former seat of the Government of undivided Bengal]]
[[File:Tomb Of Three Leader 3.A.M.R.jpg|thumb|The [[Mausoleum of three leaders|mausoleum]] of Huq, Nazimuddin and Suhrawardy in Dhaka]]
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! rowspan="2" |No
! rowspan="2" |Name
! rowspan="2" |Portrait
! colspan="3" |Tenure
! rowspan="2" |Party
(coalition partner)
! rowspan="2" |Assembly
! rowspan="2" |Appointed by
(Governor)
|-
!Took office
!Left office<ref>{{cite web|title=Premier of Bengal|url=http://wbassembly.gov.in/html/permiersOfBen.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714140526/http://wbassembly.gov.in/html/permiersOfBen.html|archive-date=14 July 2014|website=West Bengal Legislative Assembly}}</ref>
!Term
|-
| rowspan="2" style="background-color: {{party color|Krishak Sramik Party}};color:white" | 1 || rowspan="2" | [[A. K. Fazlul Huq| Abul Kasem Fazlul Huq]]|| rowspan="2" | [[File:A k fazlul hoque.jpg|120px]]
|1 April 1937
|1 December 1941
| {{ayd|1937|4|1|1941|12|1}}|| [[Krishak Praja Party]]
([[All India Muslim League|Muslim League]])
| rowspan="3" |1st Assembly
[[1937 Bengal Legislative Assembly election|(1937 election)]]
| [[John Anderson, 1st Viscount Waverley|Sir John Anderson]]
|-
|12 December 1941
|29 March 1943
| {{ayd|1941|12|12|1943|3|29}}
|[[Krishak Praja Party]]
([[Hindu Mahasabha]])
| rowspan="2" |[[John Arthur Herbert|Sir John Arthur Herbert]]
|-
| style="background-color: {{party color|All-India Muslim League}};color:white"| 2 || [[Khawaja Nazimuddin|Sir Khawaja Nazimuddin]]|| [[File:Khawaja Nazimuddin.jpg|120px]]
|29 April 1943
|31 March 1945
| {{ayd|1943|4|29|1945|3|31}}|| [[All-India Muslim League|Muslim League]]
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|Independen}};color:black"| -
|''Vacant'' ('''[[President's rule|Governor's rule]]''')
| [[File:Star of the Order of the Star of India (gold).svg|120px]]
|1 April 1945
|22 April 1946
| {{ayd|1945|4|1|1946|4|22}}
| ''[[N/A]]''
| ''Dissolved''
| -
|-
| style="background-color: {{party color|All-India Muslim League}};color:white"| 3
|| [[H. S. Suhrawardy|Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy]]|| [[File:Huseyn_Shaheed_Suhrawardy.png|120px]]
|23 April 1946
|14 August 1947
| {{ayd|1946|4|23|1947|8|15}}|| [[All-India Muslim League|Muslim League]]
|2nd Assembly
[[1946 Bengal Legislative Assembly election|(1946 election)]]
| [[Frederick Burrows|Sir Frederick Burrows]]
|}

Subsequently, all three Bengali chief ministers moved to [[East Pakistan]], where they continued to be influential statesmen. Nazimuddin and Suhrawardy became [[List of Prime Ministers of Pakistan|Prime Ministers of Pakistan]], while Huq served as the [[chief minister]] and governor of East Pakistan.

==After Independence of India and Pakistan==
British colonial period ended when India and [[Pakistan]] became independent nations in 1947. [[Bengal]] fell into two parts – one in India, named [[West Bengal]] and the other part in Pakistan as [[East Bengal]], later renamed to [[East Pakistan]] in 1955.

===East Bengal (1947–1955)===
====Governors of East Bengal (1947–1955)====
{{Main|Governor of East Pakistan#Governors of East Bengal}}

'''Political Party'''
{{Legend|{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League}}|[[Pakistan Muslim League|Muslim League]]}}
{{Legend|gray|[[Independent Politician|Independent]]}}
'''Legend'''
{{Legend|#e6e6aa|Acting Governor}}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
|+List of Governors of East Bengal
! rowspan="2" class="unsortable" |#
! rowspan="2" class="unsortable" |Portrait
! rowspan="2" |Governor
! colspan="3" |Term of office
! rowspan="2" |Political Party
! rowspan="2" |Governor General/
President
|-
!Term start
!Term end
!Time in office
|-
! style="background-color: gray; color:white" |1
|[[File:Sir Frederick Chalmers Bourne.jpg|192x192px]]
|[[Frederick Chalmers Bourne|Sir Frederick Chalmers Bourne]]
(1891-1977)
|{{Date table sorting|1947|8|15||format=dmy}}<ref name=":02">{{Cite web |date=2013-04-09 |title=frederick - THE BANGABHABAN : The President House of Bangladesh |url=http://www.bangabhaban.gov.bd/frederick1.html |access-date=2025-02-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130409094140/http://www.bangabhaban.gov.bd/frederick1.html |archive-date=9 April 2013 }}</ref>
|{{Date table sorting|1950|4|5|format=dmy}}<ref name=":02" /><ref>{{Cite news |date=6 April 1950 |title=স্যার ফেডরিকের স্বদেশ যাত্রা |trans-title=Sir Frederick's Journey Home |url=https://songramernotebook.com/archives/254510 |access-date=21 February 2025 |work=The Azad |pages=1 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220520015652/https://songramernotebook.com/archives/254510 |archive-date=20 May 2022 |language=Bengali}}</ref>
|{{ayd|15 August 1947|April 5, 1950}}
|[[Independent politician|Independent]]
(British
Administrator)
| style="padding:0;" |<div style="padding:10;">[[Muhammad Ali Jinnah]]</div>
----<div style="padding:10;">[[Khawaja Nazimuddin]]</div>
|- style="background:#e6e6aa;"
| style="background-color:gray; color:white;" |'''[-]'''
|[[File:A.S.M._Akram.jpg|164x164px]]
|Justice
[[A.S.M. Akram]] (Acting){{Efn|[[A.S.M. Akram]] was appointed Acting Governor during the leave of absence of [[Frederick Chalmers Bourne|Sir Frederick Chalmers Bourne]]|group=lower-roman}}

(1888-1968)
|{{Date table sorting|1949|3|16|format=dmy}}<ref name=":111">{{Cite web |date=2013-04-09 |title=akram - THE BANGABHABAN : The President House of Bangladesh |url=http://www.bangabhaban.gov.bd/akram.html |access-date=2025-02-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130409094129/http://www.bangabhaban.gov.bd/akram.html |archive-date=9 April 2013 }}</ref>
|{{Date table sorting|1949|4|25||format=dmy}}<ref name=":111" />
|{{ayd|16 March 1949|25 April 1949}}
|[[Independent Politician|Independent]]
|[[Khawaja Nazimuddin]]
|-
! style="background-color: {{party color|Pakistan Muslim League}}; color:white" |2
|[[File:Feroz_Khan_Noon.jpg|146x146px]]
|[[Feroz Khan Noon|Sir Feroz Khan Noon]]
(1893-1970)
|{{Date table sorting|1950|4|5||format=dmy}}<ref name=":26">{{Cite web |date=2013-04-09 |title=firozkhan - THE BANGABHABAN : The President House of Bangladesh |url=http://www.bangabhaban.gov.bd/firozkhan.html |access-date=2025-02-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130409094134/http://www.bangabhaban.gov.bd/firozkhan.html |archive-date=9 April 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=6 April 1950 |title=পূর্ব পাকিস্তানের নবনিযুক্ত গভার্নর এর ঢাকা আগমন |trans-title=The Newly Appointed Governor of East Pakistan Arrives in Dhaka |url=https://songramernotebook.com/archives/254510 |work=The Azad |pages=1 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220520015652/https://songramernotebook.com/archives/254510 |archive-date=20 May 2022 |language=Bengali}}</ref>
|{{Date table sorting|1953|3|26||format=dmy}}<ref name=":26" />
|{{ayd|April 5, 1950|March 26, 1953}}
|[[Muslim League (1947–1958)|Muslim League]]
| style="padding:0;" |<div style="padding:10;">[[Khawaja Nazimuddin]]</div>
----<div style="padding:10;">[[Malik Ghulam Muhammad]]</div>
|-
| style="background-color: {{party color|Pakistan Muslim League}}; color:white;" |'''[-]'''
| style="background:#e6e6aa;" |[[File:1921_Abdur_Rahman_Siddiqui.jpg|160x160px]]
| style="background:#e6e6aa;" |[[Abdur Rahman Siddiqui]]
(Acting){{Efn|[[Abdur Rahman Siddiqui]] was appointed Acting Governor during the leave of absence of [[Feroz Khan Noon|Sir Feroz Khan Noon]]|group=lower-roman}}

(1887-1953)
| style="background:#e6e6aa;" |{{Date table sorting|1952|7|25||format=dmy}}<ref name=":32">{{Cite web |date=2013-04-09 |title=abdurrahman - THE BANGABHABAN : The President House of Bangladesh |url=http://www.bangabhaban.gov.bd/abdurrahman.html |access-date=2025-02-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130409094124/http://www.bangabhaban.gov.bd/abdurrahman.html |archive-date=9 April 2013 }}</ref>
| style="background:#e6e6aa;" |{{Date table sorting|1952|11|10||format=dmy}}<ref name=":32" />
| style="background:#e6e6aa;" |{{ayd|25 July 1952|10 November 1952}}
| style="background:#e6e6aa;" |[[Muslim League (1947–1958)|Muslim League]]
| rowspan="5" |[[Malik Ghulam Muhammad]]
|-
! style="background-color: {{party color|Pakistan Muslim League}}; color:white" |3
|[[File:Chaudhry_Khaliquzzaman.JPG|120x120px]]
|[[Chaudhry Khaliquzzaman]]
(1889-1973)
|{{Date table sorting|1953|4|4||format=dmy}}<ref name=":42">{{Cite web |date=2013-04-09 |title=khaliquzzaman - THE BANGABHABAN : The President House of Bangladesh |url=http://www.bangabhaban.gov.bd/khaliquzzaman.html |access-date=2025-02-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130409072315/http://www.bangabhaban.gov.bd/khaliquzzaman.html |archive-date=9 April 2013 }}</ref>
|{{Date table sorting|1954|5|30||format=dmy}}{{Efn|With the dismissal of the [[United Front (East Pakistan)|United Front]] Ministry in [[East Bengal]], [[Governor-General of Pakistan|Governor General]] [[Malik Ghulam Muhammad]] decided to enforce Governor's Rule in the province and appointed [[Iskander Mirza]] as Governor|name=United Front|group=lower-roman}}<ref name=":42" />
|{{ayd|April 4, 1953|May 30, 1954}}
|[[Pakistan Muslim League|Muslim League]]
|-
! style="background-color: {{party color|Pakistan Muslim League}}; color:white" |4
|[[File:Iskander_Mirza.jpg|162x162px]]
|[[Iskander Mirza]]
(1899-1969)
|{{Date table sorting|1954|5|30||format=dmy}}{{Efn|name=United Front|group=lower-roman}}<ref name=":52">{{Cite web |date=2013-04-09 |title=iskandermirza - THE BANGABHABAN : The President House of Bangladesh |url=http://www.bangabhaban.gov.bd/iskandermirza.html |access-date=2025-02-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130409074117/http://www.bangabhaban.gov.bd/iskandermirza.html |archive-date=9 April 2013 }}</ref>
|{{Date table sorting|1954|09|21||format=dmy}}<ref name=":52" />
|{{ayd|30 May 1954|September 21, 1954}}
|[[Pakistan Muslim League|Muslim League]]
|- style="background:#e6e6aa;"
| style="background-color:gray; color:white;" |'''[-]'''
|[[File:Thomas_Hobart_Ellis.jpg|164x164px]]
|Justice
[[Thomas Hobart Ellis|Sir Thomas Hobart Ellis]] (Acting){{Efn|[[Thomas Hobart Ellis|Sir Thomas Hobart Ellis]] was appointed Acting Governor when [[Iskander Mirza]] was taken into the central cabinet as Minister|group=lower-roman}}

(1894-1981)
|Appointment:<ref name=":62">{{Cite web |date=2013-04-09 |title=hobartellis - THE BANGABHABAN : The President House of Bangladesh |url=http://www.bangabhaban.gov.bd/hobartellis.html |access-date=2025-02-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130409074112/http://www.bangabhaban.gov.bd/hobartellis.html |archive-date=9 April 2013 }}</ref>
{{Date table sorting|1954|09|21||format=dmy}}
----Sworn in:<ref name=":62" />
{{Date table sorting|1954|10|25||format=dmy}}
|{{Date table sorting|1954|12|22||format=dmy}}<ref name=":62" />
|{{ayd|September 21, 1954|December 22, 1954}}
|[[Independent politician|Independent]]
|-
! style="background-color: gray; color:white" |'''[-]'''
| style="background:#e6e6aa;" |[[File:Muhammad_Shahabuddin.jpg|164x164px]]
| style="background:#e6e6aa;" |Justice
[[Muhammad Shahabuddin]] (Acting){{Efn|[[Muhammad Shahabuddin]] was appointed after Acting Governor after [[Thomas Hobart Ellis|Sir Thomas Hobart Ellis]]|group=lower-roman}}

(1895-1971)
| style="background:#e6e6aa;" |{{Date table sorting|1954|12|22||format=dmy}}<ref name=":72">{{Cite web |date=2013-04-25 |title=shahabuddin - THE BANGABHABAN : The President House of Bangladesh |url=http://www.bangabhaban.gov.bd/shahabuddin1.html |access-date=2025-02-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130425081212/http://www.bangabhaban.gov.bd/shahabuddin1.html |archive-date=25 April 2013 }}</ref>
| style="background:#e6e6aa;" |{{Date table sorting|1955|6|14||format=dmy}}{{Efn|[[Muhammad Shahabuddin|Justice Shahabuddin]] resigned due to differences of opinion about the restoration of [[parliamentary government]] in [[East Bengal]]|group=lower-roman}}<ref name=":72" />
| style="background:#e6e6aa;" |{{ayd|22 December 1954|14 June 1955}}
| style="background:#e6e6aa;" |[[Independent politician|Independent]]
|- style="background:#e6e6aa;"
| style="background-color:gray; color:white;" |'''[-]'''
|[[File:Amiruddin_Ahmad.jpg|164x164px]]
|Justice
[[Amiruddin Ahmad]] (Acting){{Efn|Justice [[Amiruddin Ahmad]], Chief Justice of [[Dhaka High Court]], was appointed acting Governor on the resignation of Justice [[Muhammad Shahabuddin]]|group=lower-roman}}

(1895-1965)
|{{Date table sorting|1955|6|14||format=dmy}}<ref name=":83">{{Cite web |date=2013-04-25 |title=amiruddin - THE BANGABHABAN : The President House of Bangladesh |url=http://www.bangabhaban.gov.bd/amiruddin.html |access-date=2025-02-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130425081002/http://www.bangabhaban.gov.bd/amiruddin.html |archive-date=25 April 2013 }}</ref>
|As Governor of [[East Bengal]]:
{{Date table sorting|1955|10|14||format=dmy}}
----As Governor of [[East Pakistan]]:

{{Date table sorting|1956|3|9||format=dmy}}<ref name=":83"/>
|As Governor of [[East Bengal]]:
{{ayd|14 June 1955|October 14, 1955}}
----As Governor of [[East Pakistan|Eastern Wing]]:
{{ayd|14 June 1955|March 9, 1956}}
|[[Independent politician|Independent]]
|[[Malik Ghulam Muhammad]]
----[[Iskander Mirza]]
|}
{{notelist-lr}}

===East Pakistan (1955–1971)===
====Governors of East Pakistan (1955–1971)====
In late 1955, the prime minister [[Muhammad Ali Bogra]] initiated the [[One Unit]] policy which resulted in East Bengal province being renamed to '''East Pakistan'''.

{{Main|Governor of East Pakistan#Governors of East Pakistan}}

'''Political Party'''
{{Legend|{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League}}|[[Pakistan Muslim League|Muslim League]]}}
{{Legend|{{party color|Krishak Sramik Party}}|[[Krishak Sramik Party]]}}
{{Legend|gray|[[Independent Politician|Independent]]}}
{{Tree list}}
*{{Legend|{{party color|military}}|[[Pakistan Armed Forces|Military Governor]]}}
{{Tree list/end}}
'''Legend'''
{{Legend|#e6e6aa|Acting Governor}}
{{Legend|pink|Functioned and exercised power as Governor by the order of [[President of Pakistan|president]] without being appointed as one}}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
|+List of Governors of East Pakistan
! rowspan="2" class="unsortable" |#
! rowspan="2" class="unsortable" |Portrait
! rowspan="2" |Governor
! colspan="3" |Term of office
! rowspan="2" |Political Party
! rowspan="2" |President
|-
!Term start
!Term end
!Time in office
|-
| style="background-color:gray; color:white;" |'''[-]'''
|style="background:#e6e6aa;"|[[File:Amiruddin_Ahmad.jpg|164x164px]]
|style="background:#e6e6aa;"|Justice
[[Amiruddin Ahmad]] (Acting){{Efn|Justice [[Amiruddin Ahmad]], Chief Justice of [[Dhaka High Court]], was appointed acting Governor on the resignation of Justice [[Muhammad Shahabuddin]]|group=upper-roman}}

(1895-1965)
|style="background:#e6e6aa;"|As Governor of [[East Pakistan]]:
{{Date table sorting|1955|10|14||format=dmy}}
----As Governor of [[East Bengal]]:
{{Date table sorting|1955|6|14|}}<ref name=":83"/>
|style="background:#e6e6aa;"|{{Date table sorting|1956|3|9||format=dmy}}<ref name=":83" />
|style="background:#e6e6aa;"|As Governor of [[East Pakistan]]:
{{ayd|October 14, 1955|March 9, 1956}}
----As Governor of [[East Pakistan|Eastern Wing]] :
{{ayd|14 June 1955|March 9, 1956}}
|style="background:#e6e6aa;"|[[Independent politician|Independent]]
| rowspan="4" |[[Iskander Mirza]]
|-
! style="background-color: {{party color|Krishak Sramik Party}}; color:white" |1
|[[File:A_k_fazlul_hoque.jpg|160x160px]]
|[[A. K. Fazlul Huq|Sher-e-Bangla A. K. Fazlul Huq]]
(1873 - 1962)
|{{Date table sorting|1956|3|9||format=dmy}}<ref name=":92">{{Cite web |date=2013-04-25 |title=fazluhuq - THE BANGABHABAN : The President House of Bangladesh |url=http://www.bangabhaban.gov.bd/fazluhuq.html |access-date=2025-02-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130425081037/http://www.bangabhaban.gov.bd/fazluhuq.html |archive-date=25 April 2013 }}</ref>
|{{Date table sorting|1958|3|31||format=dmy}}{{Efn|[[President of Pakistan|President]] [[Iskander Mirza]] removed [[A. K. Fazlul Huq]] as governor on 31 March 1958 on the advice of the [[Feroz Khan Noon|Noon cabinet]] for allegedly overstepping his limits as a constitutional Governor. [[A. K. Fazlul Huq|Huq]] had dismissed [[Ataur Rahman Khan|Ataur Rahman's]] Ministry of [[Awami League]] that had not been defeated on the [[Provincial Assembly of East Pakistan|floor of the House]], and had installed Mr. [[Abu Hussain Sarkar]] of his own party [[Krishak Sramik Party]] as [[Chief Minister of East Pakistan|Chief Minister]].|group=upper-roman}}<ref name=":92" /><ref name=":252">{{Cite news |date=1 April 1958 |title=করাচীর নির্দেশে পূর্ব পাকিস্তানের গভার্নর মিঃ ফজলুল হকের নাটকীয়ভাবে পদচ্যুত |trans-title=Governor of East Pakistan Mr. Fazlul Haq Dramatically Removed by Orders from Karachi |url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/1kQ3OY8vI16501RGOqqw5z8bUnCXil-vE/view |access-date=21 February 2025 |work=The Jugantor |pages=1 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250128040003/https://drive.google.com/file/d/1kQ3OY8vI16501RGOqqw5z8bUnCXil-vE/view |archive-date=28 January 2025 |language=Bengali}}</ref>
|{{ayd|March 9, 1956|March 31, 1958}}
|[[Krishak Sramik Party|Krishak]]
[[Krishak Sramik Party|Sramik Party]]
|- style="background:#e6e6aa;"
! style="background-color: gray; color:white" |'''[-]'''
|[[File:Acting Governor of East Pakistan Muhammad Hamid Ali (1958).jpg|156x156px]]
|[[Muhammad Hamid Ali]]
(Acting){{Efn|[[Muhammad Hamid Ali]], Chief Secretary to the Governor of [[East Pakistan]], was appointed Acting Governor in pursuance of the provisions of Article 70 of the [[Constitution of Pakistan of 1956|Constitution]] following the removal of [[A. K. Fazlul Huq|Sher-e-Bangla A. K. Fazlul Huq]] from the office|group=upper-roman}}

(1906-1972)
|{{Date table sorting|1958|4|1||format=dmy}}<ref name=":102">{{Cite web |date=2013-04-25 |title=hamidali - THE BANGABHABAN : The President House of Bangladesh |url=http://www.bangabhaban.gov.bd/hamidali.html |access-date=2025-02-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130425081107/http://www.bangabhaban.gov.bd/hamidali.html |archive-date=25 April 2013 }}</ref><ref name=":252" />
|{{Date table sorting|1958|5|3||format=dmy}}<ref name=":102" /><ref name=":242">{{Cite news |date=3 May 1958 |title=পূর্ব পাকিস্তানের নয়া গভর্নর |trans-title=The New Governor of East Pakistan |url=https://songramernotebook.com/archives/248800 |work=The Azad |pages=1 |language=Bengali}}</ref>
|{{ayd|April 1, 1958|3 May 1958}}
|[[Independent politician|Independent]]
|-
! style="background-color: gray; color:white" |2
|[[File:Sultanuddin_Ahmad.jpg|160x160px]]
|[[Sultanuddin Ahmad]]
(1902-1977)
|Appointment:<ref name=":112">{{Cite web |date=2013-04-25 |title=sultanuddin - THE BANGABHABAN : The President House of Bangladesh |url=http://www.bangabhaban.gov.bd/sultanuddin.html |access-date=2025-02-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130425081237/http://www.bangabhaban.gov.bd/sultanuddin.html |archive-date=25 April 2013 }}</ref>
{{Date table sorting|1958|4|26||format=dmy}}
----Sworn in:<ref name=":112" /><ref name=":242" />
{{Date table sorting|1958|5|3||format=dmy}}
|{{Date table sorting|1958|10|10||format=dmy}}{{Efn|[[Sultanuddin Ahmad]] was removed from office on 10 October 1958 soon after the promulgation of [[1958 Pakistani military coup|Martial Law in Pakistan]] on 7 October|group=upper-roman}}<ref name=":112" /><ref name=":1102">{{Cite news |date=12 October 1958 |title=Zakir Hussain installed as new governor |url=https://songramernotebook.com/archives/491801 |work=Bangladesh Observer (known as Pakistan Observer during Publication)}}</ref>
|{{ayd|3 May 1958|10 October 1958}}
|[[Independent politician|Independent]]
|-
! style="background-color: gray; color:white" |3
|[[File:Zakir_Husain_(governor).jpg|160x160px]]
|[[Zakir Husain (governor)|Zakir Husain]]
(1898-1971)
|Appointment:<ref name=":122">{{Cite web |date=2013-04-25 |title=zakirhusain - THE BANGABHABAN : The President House of Bangladesh |url=http://www.bangabhaban.gov.bd/zakirhusain.html |access-date=2025-02-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130425081253/http://www.bangabhaban.gov.bd/zakirhusain.html |archive-date=25 April 2013 }}</ref>
{{Date table sorting|1958|10|10||format=dmy}}
----Sworn in:<ref name=":122" /><ref name=":1102" />
{{Date table sorting|1958|10|11||format=dmy}}
|{{Date table sorting|1960|4|14||format=dmy}}<ref name=":122" />
|{{ayd|11 October 1958|14 April 1960}}
|[[Independent politician|Independent]]
| style="padding:0;" |<div style="padding:10;">[[Iskander Mirza]]</div>
----<div style="padding:10;">[[Ayub Khan]]</div>
|-
! style="background-color: {{party color|military}};" |4
[[File:Pakistan_Army_Emblem.png|30x30px]]
|[[File:General_Azam_Khan_(cropped).jpg|120x120px]]
|[[Lieutenant general]]
[[Azam Khan (general)|Azam Khan]], [[Pakistan Army|PA]]

(1908-1994)
|{{Date table sorting|1960|4|15||format=dmy}}<ref name=":132">{{Cite web |date=2013-04-25 |title=azamkhan - THE BANGABHABAN : The President House of Bangladesh |url=http://www.bangabhaban.gov.bd/azamkhan.html |access-date=2025-02-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130425081007/http://www.bangabhaban.gov.bd/azamkhan.html |archive-date=25 April 2013 }}</ref>
|{{Date table sorting|1962|5|10||format=dmy}}<ref name=":132" />
|{{ayd|15 April 1960|10 May 1962}}
|[[Pakistan Army|Military]]
| rowspan="5" |[[Ayub Khan]]
|- style="background:#e6e6aa;"
| style="background-color:gray; color:white;" |'''[-]'''
|[[File:Syed Hashim Raza.jpg|141x141px]]
|[[Syed Hashim Raza]]
(Acting){{Efn|[[Syed Hashim Raza]] was Acting Governor of the province during the absence of General [[Azam Khan (general)|Azam Khan's]] official visit to [[West Germany]]|group=upper-roman}}

(1910-2003)
|{{Date table sorting|1961|7|1||format=dmy}}<ref name=":142">{{Cite web |date=2013-04-25 |title=hashimraza - THE BANGABHABAN : The President House of Bangladesh |url=http://www.bangabhaban.gov.bd/hashimraza.html |access-date=2025-02-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130425081112/http://www.bangabhaban.gov.bd/hashimraza.html |archive-date=25 April 2013 }}</ref>
|{{Date table sorting|1961|8|5||format=dmy}}<ref name=":142" />
|{{ayd|1 July 1961|5 August 1961}}
|[[Independent politician|Independent]]
|-
! style="background-color: gray; color:white" |5
|[[File:Ghulam_Faruqe_Khan.jpg|120x120px]]
|[[Ghulam Faruque Khan]]
(1899-1992)
|{{Date table sorting|1962|5|11||format=dmy}}<ref name=":152">{{Cite web |date=2013-04-25 |title=faruque - THE BANGABHABAN : The President House of Bangladesh |url=http://www.bangabhaban.gov.bd/faruque.html |access-date=2025-02-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130425081031/http://www.bangabhaban.gov.bd/faruque.html |archive-date=25 April 2013 }}</ref>
|{{Date table sorting|1962|10|25||format=dmy}}{{Efn|Unable to cope with the political problems of [[East Pakistan]], [[Ghulam Faruque Khan]] resigned from office.|group=upper-roman}}<ref name=":152" />
|{{ayd|11 May 1962|25 October 1962}}
|[[Independent politician|Independent]]
|-
! style="background-color: {{party color|Pakistan Muslim League}}; color:white" |6
|[[File:Abdul_Monem_Khan.jpg|160x160px]]
|[[Abdul Monem Khan]]
(1899-1971)
|{{Date table sorting|1962|10|28||format=dmy}}<ref name=":162">{{Cite web |date=2013-04-09 |title=monemkhan - THE BANGABHABAN : The President House of Bangladesh |url=http://www.bangabhaban.gov.bd/monemkhan.html |access-date=2025-02-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130409085649/http://www.bangabhaban.gov.bd/monemkhan.html |archive-date=9 April 2013 }}</ref>
|{{Date table sorting|1969|3|23||format=dmy}}<ref name=":162" />
|{{ayd|28 October 1962|23 March 1969}} (Longest Serving)
|[[Pakistan Muslim League|Muslim League]]
|-
! style="background-color: gray; color:white" |7
|[[File:Mirza_Nurul_Huda_Brussels_1976.jpg|160x160px]]
|[[Mirza Nurul Huda]]
(1919-1991)
|{{Date table sorting|1969|3|23||format=dmy}}<ref name=":172">{{Cite web |date=2013-04-08 |title=nurulhuda - THE BANGABHABAN : The President House of Bangladesh |url=http://www.bangabhaban.gov.bd/nurulhuda.html |access-date=2025-02-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130408020135/http://www.bangabhaban.gov.bd/nurulhuda.html |archive-date=8 April 2013 }}</ref>
|{{Date table sorting|1969|3|25||format=dmy}}{{Efn|With the promulgation of Martial Law throughout Pakistan and the abrogation of the [[Constitution of Pakistan of 1962|constitution]] in the evening of 25 March, [[Mirza Nurul Huda]]'s tenure of governorship came to an abrupt end after just 60 hours.|group=upper-roman}}<ref name=":172" />
|{{ayd|23 March 1969|25 March 1969}}
|[[Independent politician|Independent]]
|-
! style="background-color: {{party color|military}};" |8
[[File:Pakistan_Army_Emblem.png|30x30px]]
| style="background-color: pink;" |[[File:Muzaffaruddin.jpg|155x155px]]
| style="background-color: pink;" |[[Major general]]
[[Muzaffaruddin]], [[Pakistan Army|PA]]{{Efn|On 25 March 1969 [[General (Pakistan)|General]] [[Yahya Khan|A. M. Yahya Khan]] proclaimed [[martial law]] and divided the country into two administrative zones- [[West Pakistan]] (Zone 'A') and [[East Pakistan]] (Zone 'B'). [[Major general]] [[Muzaffaruddin]] was the GOC of the 14 Division, became Martial Law Administrator, Zone 'B'. On 8 April 1969, [[Yahya Khan]] issued an order directing that the Martial Law Administrators of Zone 'A' and 'B' would perform the functions and powers of the Governors of [[West Pakistan|West]] and [[East Pakistan]] respectively. Thus [[Major general]] [[Muzaffaruddin]] became Martial Law Administrator and also exercised the powers and functions of Governor of East Pakistan.|name=Marshall Law|group=upper-roman}}

(Martial Law Administrator)
| style="background-color: pink;" |{{Date table sorting|1969|3|25||format=dmy}}<ref name=":182">{{Cite web |date=2013-04-09 |title=muzaffar - THE BANGABHABAN : The President House of Bangladesh |url=http://www.bangabhaban.gov.bd/muzaffar.html |access-date=2025-02-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130409085729/http://www.bangabhaban.gov.bd/muzaffar.html |archive-date=9 April 2013 }}</ref>
| style="background-color: pink;" |{{Date table sorting|1969|8|23||format=dmy}}<ref name=":182" />
| style="background-color: pink;" |{{ayd|25 March 1969|23 August 1969}}
| style="background-color: pink;" |[[Pakistan Army|Military]]
| rowspan="7" |[[Yahya Khan]]
|- style="background-color: pink;"
! style="background-color: {{party color|military}};" |9
[[File:Pakistan_Army_Emblem.png|30x30px]]
|[[File:Sahabzada_Yaqub_Khan.jpg|155x155px]]
|[[Lieutenant general]]
[[Sahabzada Yaqub Khan]], [[Pakistan Army|PA]]{{Efn|[[Lieutenant general]] [[Sahabzada Yaqub Khan]] was appointed as Martial Law Administrator of Zone 'B' and exercised the powers and functions of the Governor of [[East Pakistan]].|group=upper-roman}}

(1920-2016)

(Martial Law Administrator)
|{{Date table sorting|1969|8|23||format=dmy}}<ref name=":192">{{Cite web |date=2013-04-09 |title=yaqubkhan - THE BANGABHABAN : The President House of Bangladesh |url=http://www.bangabhaban.gov.bd/yaqubkhan.html |access-date=2025-02-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130425081248/http://www.bangabhaban.gov.bd/yaqubkhan.html |archive-date=25 April 2013 }}</ref>
|{{Date table sorting|1969|9|1||format=dmy}}{{Efn|On 8 April 1969, [[President of Pakistan|President]] [[Yahya Khan]] issued an order directing that the Martial Law Administrators would perform the functions and powers of the Governor. However, a notification issued by the [[Cabinet of Pakistan|cabinet secretariat]] on 1 September 1969 cancelled the order of 8 April 1969 and directed Martial Law Administrators to refrain from performing the functions of Governor in their respective provinces with immediate effect. [[Lieutenant general|Lt. General]] [[Sahabzada Yaqub Khan|Yaqub Khan]] remained Martial Law Administrator until [[Vice Admiral]] [[Syed Mohammad Ahsan|S. M. Ahsan]] took over as the new Governor of East Pakistan on 1 September 1969|group=upper-roman}}<ref name=":192" />
|{{ayd|23 August 1969|1 September 1969}}
|[[Pakistan Army|Military]]
|-
! style="background-color: {{party color|military}};" |10
[[File:Pakistan_Navy_emblem.svg|39x39px]]
|
|[[Vice admiral]]
[[Syed Mohammad Ahsan]], [[Pakistan Navy|PN]]

(1921-1989)
|{{Date table sorting|1969|9|1||format=dmy}}<ref name=":202">{{Cite web |date=2013-04-25 |title=ahsan - THE BANGABHABAN : The President House of Bangladesh |url=http://www.bangabhaban.gov.bd/ahsan.html |access-date=2025-02-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130425080956/http://www.bangabhaban.gov.bd/ahsan.html |archive-date=25 April 2013 }}</ref>
|{{Date table sorting|1971|3|1||format=dmy}}<ref name=":202" />
|{{ayd|1 September 1969|1 March 1971}}
|[[Pakistan Navy|Military]]
|- style="background-color: pink;"
! style="background-color: {{party color|military}};" |(11)
[[File:Pakistan_Army_Emblem.png|30x30px]]
|[[File:Sahabzada_Yaqub_Khan.jpg|155x155px]]
|[[Lieutenant general]]
[[Sahabzada Yaqub Khan]], [[Pakistan Army|PA]]{{Efn|[[Lieutenant general|Lt. general]] [[Sahabzada Yaqub Khan]] was made the "head of civil administration in the province" and exercised the functions and powers of Governor from 1 March 1971 until the arrival of [[Lieutenant general|Lt. general]] [[Tikka Khan]] on 7 March 1971.|group=upper-roman}}

(1920-2016)

(Head of Civil Administration )
|{{Date table sorting|1971|3|1||format=dmy}}<ref name=":192" />
|{{Date table sorting|1971|3|7||format=dmy}}<ref name=":192" />
|{{ayd|1 March 1971|7 March 1971}}
|[[Pakistan Army|Military]]
|-
! style="background-color: {{party color|military}};" |12
[[File:Pakistan_Army_Emblem.png|30x30px]]
|[[File:Tikka_Khan.png|143x143px]]
|[[Lieutenant general]]
[[Tikka Khan]], [[Pakistan Army|PA]]

(1915-2002)
|Appointment:<ref name=":212">{{Cite web |date=2013-04-09 |title=tikkakhan - THE BANGABHABAN : The President House of Bangladesh |url=http://www.bangabhaban.gov.bd/tikkakhan.html |access-date=2025-02-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130409094534/http://www.bangabhaban.gov.bd/tikkakhan.html |archive-date=9 April 2013 }}</ref>
{{Date table sorting|1971|3|6||format=dmy}}
----Sworn in:<ref name=":212" />
{{Date table sorting|1971|3|7||format=dmy}}
----Officially announced:<ref name=":212" />
{{Date table sorting|1971|3|9||format=dmy}}
|{{Date table sorting|1971|9|3||format=dmy}}<ref name=":212" />
|{{ayd|7 March 1971|3 September 1971}}
|[[Pakistan Army|Military]]
|-
! style="background-color: {{party color|Pakistan Muslim League}}; color:white" |13
|[[File:Abdul Motaleb Malik 1958.jpg|207x207px]]
|[[Abdul Motaleb Malik]]
(1905-1977)
|Appointment:<ref name=":222">{{Cite web |date=2013-04-09 |title=malik - THE BANGABHABAN : The President House of Bangladesh |url=http://www.bangabhaban.gov.bd/malik.html |access-date=2025-02-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130409094145/http://www.bangabhaban.gov.bd/malik.html |archive-date=9 April 2013 }}</ref>
{{Date table sorting|1971|8|31||format=dmy}}
----Sworn in:<ref name=":222" />
{{Date table sorting|1971|9|3||format=dmy}}
|{{Date table sorting|1971|12|14||format=dmy}}{{Efn|[[Abdul Motaleb Malik]] along with his cabinet resigned on 14 December after realizing that [[Pakistani Instrument of Surrender|Pakistani defeat]] was imminent and sought refuse in [[InterContinental Dhaka|Hotel Intercontinental]], seeking the protection of the [[Red Cross]] flag.|group=upper-roman}}<ref name=":222" />
|{{ayd|3 September 1971|14 December 1971}}
|[[Pakistan Muslim League|Muslim League]]
|- style="background-color: pink;"
! style="background-color: {{party color|military}};" |14
[[File:Pakistan_Army_Emblem.png|30x30px]]
|[[File:Amir_Abdullah_Khan_Niazi.png|148x148px]]
|[[Lieutenant general]]
[[A. A. K. Niazi]], [[Pakistan Army|PA]]{{Efn|[[Lieutenant general|Lt. general]] [[A. A. K. Niazi]] was the commander of the [[Eastern Command of the Pakistan Army]] and as the supreme authority of Pakistan in its [[East Pakistan|eastern wing]] functioned and exercised power as the Governor of [[East Pakistan]] after the resignation of [[Abdul Motaleb Malik]] during the last 48 hours of [[Bangladesh Liberation War]]|group=upper-roman}}

(1915-2004)

(Supreme Authority of [[East Pakistan]])
|{{Date table sorting|1971|12|14||format=dmy}}<ref name=":232">{{Cite web |date=2013-04-09 |title=niazi - THE BANGABHABAN : The President House of Bangladesh |url=http://www.bangabhaban.gov.bd/niazi.html |access-date=2025-02-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130409094159/http://www.bangabhaban.gov.bd/niazi.html |archive-date=9 April 2013 }}</ref>
|{{Date table sorting|1971|12|16||format=dmy}}<ref name=":232" />
|{{ayd|14 December 1971|16 December 1971}}
|[[Pakistan Army|Military]]
|}
{{notelist-ur}}

====Chief ministers of East Pakistan (1955–1971)====
'''Political Party'''{{Legend|{{party color|Pakistan Muslim League}}|[[Pakistan Muslim League|Muslim League]]}}
{{Legend|{{party color|Krishak Sramik Party}}|[[Krishak Sramik Party]]}}
{{Legend|{{party color|United Front (East Pakistan)}}|[[United Front (East Pakistan)|United Front]]}}
{{Legend|{{party color|Bangladesh Awami League}}|[[Awami League]]}}

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
! rowspan="2" class="unsortable" |#
! rowspan="2" class="unsortable" style="width:120px;"|Portrait
! rowspan="2" |Name
! colspan="3" |Term of office
! rowspan="2" |Political Party
! rowspan="2" |Governor
! rowspan="2" |Governor-General/ President
|-
!Term start
!Term end
!Time in office
|-
! style="background-color: {{party color|Pakistan Muslim League}}; color:white"| 1
|[[File:Khawaja Nazimuddin.jpg|120px]]
| [[Khawaja Nazimuddin|Sir Khawaja Nazimuddin]]
(1894 – 1964)
| {{Date table sorting|1947|8|15|}}
|{{Date table sorting|1948|9|4|}}
|{{ayd|1947|8|15|1948|9|4}}
| [[Pakistan Muslim League|Muslim League]]
| [[Frederick Chalmers Bourne|Sir Frederick Chalmers Bourne]]
| [[Muhammad Ali Jinnah]]
|-
! style="background-color: {{party color|Pakistan Muslim League}}; color:white"| 2
|[[File:Nurul amin.jpg|120px]]
| [[Nurul Amin]]
(1893 – 1974)
|{{Date table sorting|1948|9|14|}}
|{{Date table sorting|1954|4|3|}}
|{{ayd|1948|9|14|1954|4|3}}
| [[Pakistan Muslim League|Muslim League]]
| [[Feroz Khan Noon|Sir Feroz Khan Noon]]
| style="padding:0;" |<div style="padding:10;">[[Khawaja Nazimuddin|Sir Khawaja Nazimuddin]]</div>
----<div style="padding:10;">[[Malik Ghulam Muhammad]]</div>
|-
! style="background-color: {{party color|United Front (East Pakistan)}}; color:white" |3
|[[File:A_k_fazlul_hoque.jpg|160x160px]]
|''[[Sher-e-Bangla]]'' [[A. K. Fazlul Huq]]
(1873 - 1962)
|{{Date table sorting|1954|4|3|}}
|{{Date table sorting|1954|5|29|}}
|{{ayd|1954|4|3|1954|5|29}}
| [[United Front (East Pakistan)|United Front]]
| [[Chaudhry Khaliquzzaman]]
|rowspan="2" |[[Malik Ghulam Muhammad]]
|-
! style="background-color:gray; color:white;" |'''[-]'''
|[[File:Logo of the Governor of East Pakistan.svg|160x160px]]
|''Vacant'' ('''[[Governor of East Pakistan|Governor's rule]]''')
|{{Date table sorting|1954|5|29|}}
|{{Date table sorting|1955|6|20|}}
|{{ayd|1954|5|29|1955|6|20}}
| [[N/A]]
| -
|-
! style="background-color: {{party color|Krishak Sramik Party}}; color:white" |4
|[[File:Abu Hosain Sarkar.jpg|120px]]
| [[Abu Hussain Sarkar]]
(1894 - 1969)
| {{Date table sorting|1955|6|20|}}
|{{Date table sorting|1956|8|30|}}
|{{ayd|1955|6|20|1956|8|30}}
| [[Krishak Sramik Party]]
|style="padding:0;" |<div style="padding:10;">[[Iskander Mirza]]</div>
----<div style="padding:10;">[[Thomas Hobart Ellis|Sir Thomas Hobart Ellis]] (Acting)</div>
----<div style="padding:10;">[[Muhammad Shahabuddin]] (Acting)</div>
|style="padding:0;" |<div style="padding:10;">[[Malik Ghulam Muhammad]]</div>
----<div style="padding:10;">[[Iskander Mirza]]</div>
|-
! style="background-color: {{party color|Bangladesh Awami League}}; color:white" |5
|[[File:Ataur_Rahman_Khan.jpg|120px]]
| [[Ataur Rahman Khan]]
(1907 - 1991)
| {{Date table sorting|1956|9|1|}}
|{{Date table sorting|1958|3|31|}}
|{{ayd|1956|9|1|1958|3|31}}
| [[Awami League]]
|style="padding:0;" |<div style="padding:10;">[[Amiruddin Ahmad]] (Acting)</div>
----<div style="padding:10;">''[[Sher-e-Bangla]]'' [[A. K. Fazlul Huq]]</div>
|rowspan="2" |[[Iskander Mirza]]
|-
! style="background-color: {{party color|Krishak Sramik Party}}; color:white" |(4)
|[[File:Abu Hosain Sarkar.jpg|120px]]
| [[Abu Hussain Sarkar]]
(1894 - 1969)
| {{Date table sorting|1958|3|31|}}
|{{Date table sorting|1958|4|1|}}
|{{ayd|1958|3|31|1958|4|1}}
| [[Krishak Sramik Party]]
|style="padding:0;" |<div style="padding:10;">''[[Sher-e-Bangla]]'' [[A. K. Fazlul Huq]]</div>
----<div style="padding:10;">[[Muhammad Hamid Ali]] (Acting)</div>
|-
! style="background-color: {{party color|Bangladesh Awami League}}; color:white" |(5)
|[[File:Ataur_Rahman_Khan.jpg|120px]]
| [[Ataur Rahman Khan]]
(1907 - 1991)
| {{Date table sorting|1958|4|1|}}
|{{Date table sorting|1958|6|18|}}
|{{ayd|1958|4|1|1958|6|18}}
| [[Awami League]]
|style="padding:0;" |<div style="padding:10;">[[Muhammad Hamid Ali]] (Acting)</div>
----<div style="padding:10;">[[Sultanuddin Ahmad]]</div>
|style="padding:0;" |<div style="padding:10;">[[Iskander Mirza]]</div>
----<div style="padding:10;">[[Ayub Khan]]</div>
|-
! style="background-color: {{party color|Krishak Sramik Party}}; color:white" |(4)
|[[File:Abu Hosain Sarkar.jpg|120px]]
| [[Abu Hussain Sarkar]]
(1894 - 1969)
| {{Date table sorting|1958|6|18|}}
|{{Date table sorting|1958|6|22|}}
|{{ayd|1958|6|18|1958|6|22}}
| [[Krishak Sramik Party]]
|[[Sultanuddin Ahmad]]
|rowspan="3" |[[Ayub Khan]]
|-
! style="background-color:gray; color:white;" |'''[-]'''
|[[File:Logo of the Governor of East Pakistan.svg|160x160px]]
|''Vacant'' ('''[[Governor of East Pakistan|Governor's rule]]''')
|{{Date table sorting|1958|6|22|}}
|{{Date table sorting|1958|8|25|}}
|{{ayd|1958|6|22|1958|8|25}}
| [[N/A]]
| -
|-
! style="background-color: {{party color|Bangladesh Awami League}}; color:white" |(5)
|[[File:Ataur_Rahman_Khan.jpg|120px]]
| [[Ataur Rahman Khan]]
(1907 - 1991)
| {{Date table sorting|1958|8|25|}}
|{{Date table sorting|1958|10|7|}}
|{{ayd|1958|8|25|1958|10|7}}
| [[Awami League]]
|[[Sultanuddin Ahmad]]
|-
|}

On 7 October 1958, the post of Chief Minister of [[East Pakistan]] was abolished. And after the independence of [[Bangladesh]] on 16 December 1971, the province of East Pakistan was dissolved.

===West Bengal (1947–present)===
====Governors of West Bengal====
{| class="wikitable"
! {{Abbr|No.|Number}}
! Portrait
! Name
! Took office
! Left office
! Duration
|-
| 1
| [[File:Chakravarthi Rajagopalachari.jpg|90px]]
! [[Chakravarthi Rajagopalachari]]
| 15 August 1947
| 21 June 1948
|{{age in years and days|1947|08|15|1948|06|21}}
|-
| 2
| [[File:Kailash Nath Katju.jpg|90px]]
! [[Kailash Nath Katju]]
| 21 June 1948
| 1 November 1951
|{{age in years and days|1948|06|21|1951|11|01}}
|-
| 3
| [[File:Harendra Coomar Mookerjee.jpg|90px]]
! [[Harendra Coomar Mookerjee]]
| 1 November 1951
| 8 August 1956
|{{age in years and days|1951|11|01|1956|08|08}}
|-
| –
| {{dash}}
! [[Phani Bhusan Chakravartti]] ''(acting)''
| 8 August 1956
| 3 November 1956
|{{age in years and days|1956|08|08|1956|11|03}}
|-
| 4
| {{dash}}
! [[Padmaja Naidu]]
| 3 November 1956
| 1 June 1967
|{{age in years and days|1956|11|03|1967|06|01}}
|-
| 5
| [[File:Dharma Vir, ICS.jpg|90px]]
! [[Dharma Vira]]
| 1 June 1967
| 1 April 1969
|{{age in years and days|1967|06|01|1969|04|01}}
|-
| –
| {{dash}}
! [[Deep Narayan Sinha]] ''(acting)''
| 1 April 1969
| 19 September 1969
|{{age in years and days|1969|04|01|1969|09|19}}
|-
| 6
| {{dash}}
! [[Shanti Swaroop Dhavan]]
| 19 September 1969
| 21 August 1971
|{{age in years and days|1969|09|19|1971|08|21}}
|-
| 7
|
! [[Anthony Lancelot Dias]]
| 21 August 1971
| 6 November 1979
|{{age in years and days|1971|08|21|1979|11|06}}
|-
| 8
| {{dash}}
! [[Tribhuvana Narayana Singh]]
| 6 November 1979
| 12 September 1981
|{{age in years and days|1979|11|06|1981|09|12}}
|-
| 9
| {{dash}}
! [[Bhairab Dutt Pande]]
| 12 September 1981
| 10 October 1983
|{{age in years and days|1981|09|12|1983|10|10}}
|-
| 10
| [[File:Anant Sharma Lok Sabha photo.jpg|90px]]
! [[Anant Prasad Sharma]]
| 10 October 1983
| 16 August 1984
|{{age in years and days|1983|10|01|1984|08|16}}
|-
| —
| {{dash}}
! [[Satish Chandra (politician)|Satish Chandra]] ''(acting)''
| 16 August 1984
| 1 October 1984
|{{age in years and days|1984|08|16|1984|10|01}}
|-
| 11
| [[File:Uma Shankar Dikshit Rajya Sabha photo.jpg|90px]]
! [[Uma Shankar Dikshit]]
| 1 October 1984
| 12 August 1986
|{{age in years and days|1984|10|01|1986|08|12}}
|-
| 12
| [[File:Saiyid Nurul Hasan 16 (cropped).jpg|90px]]
! [[Saiyid Nurul Hasan]]
| 12 August 1986
| 20 March 1989
|{{age in years and days|1986|08|12|1989|03|20}}
|-
| 13
| [[File:T. V. Rajeswar (cropped).jpg|90px]]
! [[T. V. Rajeswar]]
| 20 March 1989
| 7 February 1990
|{{age in years and days|1989|03|20|1990|02|07}}
|-
| (12)
| [[File:Saiyid Nurul Hasan 16 (cropped).jpg|90px]]
! [[Saiyid Nurul Hasan]]
| 7 February 1990
| 12 July 1993
|{{age in years and days|1990|02|07|1993|07|12}}
|-
| –
| {{dash}}
! [[B. Satyanarayan Reddy]] ''(additional charge)''
| 13 July 1993
| 14 August 1993
|{{age in years and days|1993|07|13|1993|08|14}}
|-
| 14
| [[File:K. V. Raghunatha Reddy (cropped).jpg|100px]]
! [[K. V. Raghunatha Reddy]]
| 14 August 1993
| 27 April 1998
|{{age in years and days|1993|08|14|1998|04|27}}
|-
| 15
| [[File:Akhlaqur Rahman Kidwai (cropped).jpg|90px]]
! [[Akhlaqur Rahman Kidwai]]
| 27 April 1998
| 18 May 1999
|{{age in years and days|1998|04|27|1999|05|18}}
|-
| 16
| [[File:Shyamal Kumar Sen - Kolkata 2012-10-03 0512.JPG|90px]]
! [[Shyamal Kumar Sen]]
| 18 May 1999
| 4 December 1999
|{{age in years and days|1999|05|18|1999|12|04}}
|-
| 17
| [[File:Viren J Shah - Kolkata 2004-05-02 1366.jpg|90px]]
! [[Viren J. Shah]]
| 4 December 1999
| 14 December 2004
|{{age in years and days|1999|12|04|2004|12|14}}
|-
| 18
| [[File:Gopalkrishna Gandhi - Chatham House 2010 (cropped).jpg|90px]]
! [[Gopalkrishna Gandhi]]
| 14 December 2004
| 14 December 2009
|{{age in years and days|2004|12|14|2009|12|14}}
|-
| –
| [[File:Pranab Mukherjee attending the Launching Ceremony of Agriculture Road Map of Bihar (2012-2017), at Patna, in Bihar. The Governor of Bihar, Shri Devanand Konwar and the Chief Minister of Bihar, Shri Nitish Kumar are also seen (cropped).jpg|90px]]
! [[Devanand Konwar]] ''(additional charge)''
| 14 December 2009
| 23 January 2010
|{{age in years and days|2009|12|14|2010|01|23}}
|-
| 19
| [[File:Mayankote Kelath Narayanan - Kolkata 2013-01-07 2702 Cropped.JPG|90px]]
! [[M.K. Narayanan]]
| 24 January 2010
| 30 June 2014
|{{age in years and days|2010|01|24|2014|06|30}}
|-
| —
| [[File:Shri D.Y. Patil (cropped, 3x4).jpg|90px]]
! [[D. Y. Patil]] ''(additional charge)''<ref>{{cite news |title=Dr D Y Patil appointed West Bengal's acting Governor |url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/dr-d-y-patil-appointed-west-bengals-acting-governor/articleshow/37718348.cms |access-date=24 December 2019 |work=The Economic Times |date=3 July 2014 |archive-date=2 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200302173641/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/dr-d-y-patil-appointed-west-bengals-acting-governor/articleshow/37718348.cms |url-status=live}}</ref>
| 3 July 2014
| 17 July 2014
|{{age in years and days|2014|07|03|2014|07|17}}
|-
| 20
| [[File:Keshari Nath Tripathi - Kolkata 2016-07-01 5591.JPG|90px]]
! [[Keshari Nath Tripathi]]
| 24 July 2014
| 29 July 2019
|{{age in years and days|2014|07|24|2019|07|29}}
|-
| 21
| [[File:Governor of West Bengal Jagdeep Dhankhar with Prime Minister of India Narendra Modi (cropped).jpg|90px]]
! [[Jagdeep Dhankhar]]<ref>{{cite news |title=Senior Advocate Jagdeep Dhankhar Made West Bengal Governor |url=https://www.livelaw.in/news-updates/senior-advocate-jagdeep-dhankhar-made-west-bengal-governor-146538 |access-date=24 December 2019 |work=www.livelaw.in |date=20 July 2019 |language=en |archive-date=20 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190720091229/https://www.livelaw.in/news-updates/senior-advocate-jagdeep-dhankhar-made-west-bengal-governor-146538 |url-status=live}}</ref>
| 30 July 2019
| 17 July 2022
|{{age in years and days|2019|07|30|2022|07|17}}
|-
| —
| [[File:La Ganesan Ji (cropped).jpg|90px]]
! [[La. Ganesan]] ''(additional charge)''
| 18 July 2022
| 17 November 2022
|{{age in years and days|2022|07|18|2022|11|17}}
|-
| 22
| [[File:C. V. Ananda Bose.jpg|90px]]
! [[C. V. Ananda Bose]]
| 18 November 2022
|''Incumbent''
|{{age in years and days|2022|11|18}}
|}

====Premiers of West Bengal====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! scope="col" style="width: 30px;" |{{Abbr|No.|Number}}
! colspan="1" scope="col" | Portrait
! scope="col" style="width: 150px;" | Name
! colspan="2" scope="col" | Tenure<ref name="Tenure">[https://web.archive.org/web/20160312211800/http://wbassembly.gov.in/html/permiChMin.html Premiers/Chief Ministers of West Bengal]. [[West Bengal Legislative Assembly]]. Archive link from 12 March 2016.</ref>
! scope="col" | Duration
! scope="col" | Assembly {{small|(election)}}
! colspan="2" |Party<ref name="assembly" />
!Appointed
by

(Governor)
|- style="height: 60px;"
| 1
| [[File:Prafullachandra Ghosh at Writers' Building in 1947.jpg|alt=photo of Prafulla Chandra Ghosh|94x94px]]
| scope="row" | [[Prafulla Chandra Ghosh]]
| 15 August 1947
| 22 January 1948
| {{age in days|1947|8|15|1948|1|22}} days
| rowspan="2" | Provincial Assembly
(1946–52){{efn|This refers to the 90-member [[rump legislature]] that emerged following partition, representing the West Bengali constituencies of the erstwhile [[Bengal Legislative Assembly (1937—1947)|Bengal Legislative Assembly]]. It was constituted under the [[Government of India Act 1935]], not the Indian Constitution, which was still in the process of being drafted.<ref name=assembly>[http://wbassembly.gov.in/OtherPDF/WBLA_Origin_Growth.pdf The Legislature in West Bengal—Its Origin and Growth] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241211204953/http://wbassembly.gov.in/OtherPDF/WBLA_Origin_Growth.pdf |date=11 December 2024 }}. West Bengal Legislative Assembly. Retrieved on 14 August 2024.</ref>}} {{small|([[1946 Indian provincial elections|January 1946 election]])}}
| rowspan="2" |[[Indian National Congress]]
| rowspan="3" width="4px" style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
| rowspan="2" |[[Chakravarthi Rajagopalachari]]
|- style="height: 60px;"
| 2
| [[File:Photograph of Dr. Bidhan Chandra Roy, 2nd Chief Minister of West Bengal.jpg|95x95px]]
| scope="row" |[[Bidhan Chandra Roy]]
| 23 January 1948
| 26 January 1950
| {{ayd|1948|1|23|1950|1|26}}
|}

====Chief Ministers of West Bengal====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! scope="col" style="width: 30px;" |{{Abbr|No|Number}}{{efn|A number in parentheses indicates that the incumbent has previously held office.}}
! colspan="1" scope="col" | Portrait
! scope="col" style="width: 150px;" | Name
![[List of constituencies of the West Bengal Legislative Assembly|Constituency]]
! colspan="2" scope="col" | Tenure{{efn|While the tenures have been primarily sourced to a list on the West Bengal Legislative Assembly website,<ref name=Tenure/> obvious errors (mainly around the 1969–71 period) have been corrected with the help of a historical essay from the same website.<ref name=assembly/>}}
! scope="col" | Duration
! scope="col" | [[West Bengal Legislative Assembly|Assembly]]<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20160313055600/http://wbassembly.gov.in/html/briinfopreass.htm Brief Information on Previous Assemblies]. West Bengal Legislative Assembly. Archive link from 12 March 2016.</ref> {{small|([[Elections in West Bengal|election]])}}
! colspan="2" scope="col" | Party<ref name="assembly" /> {{small|(alliance)}}
|-
| rowspan="4" | (2)
| rowspan="4" scope="row" | [[File:Photograph of Dr. Bidhan Chandra Roy, 2nd Chief Minister of West Bengal.jpg|95x95px]]
| rowspan="4" scope="row" | [[Bidhan Chandra Roy]] {{efn|Until March 1952, Roy did not represent any constituency. For his last three months in office, during the Third Assembly, Roy represented [[Chowrangee (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Chowringhee]] constituency.}}
|
| 26 January 1950
| 30 March 1952
| rowspan="4" | {{ayd|1950|1|26|1962|7|1}} (total: 14 years, 159 days)
| Provincial Assembly{{efn|Following the promulgation of the Constitution of India, the provincial assembly carried on as the legislative assembly of West Bengal until fresh elections could be organised in 1952.<ref name=assembly/>}} ([[1946 Indian provincial elections|1946 election]])
| rowspan="5" | [[Indian National Congress]]
| rowspan="5" style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[Bowbazar (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Bowbazar]]
| 31 March 1952
| 5 April 1957
| 1st
([[1952 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1952 election]])
|-
| 6 April 1957
| 2 April 1962
| 2nd
([[1957 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1957 election]])
|-
|[[Chowrangee (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Chowrangee]]
| style="height: 30px;" | 3 April 1962
| 1 July 1962
| rowspan="2" | 3rd ([[1962 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1962 election]])
|- style="height: 40px;"
| 2
| [[File:PrafullaChandraSen.png|center|106x106px]]
| scope="row" | [[Prafulla Chandra Sen]]{{efn|According to some sources, Sen also acted as interim chief minister during 2–8 July 1962.<ref>[http://hooghlyprd.org/uploaded_document/5411-list_of_chief_ministers_of_west_bengal.pdf List of Chief Ministers of West Bengal]. Panchayat & Rural Development Department, Hooghly. Retrieved on 27 July 2018. [https://web.archive.org/web/20180727150022/http://hooghlyprd.org/uploaded_document/5411-list_of_chief_ministers_of_west_bengal.pdf Archived] on 27 July 2018.</ref>}}
|[[Arambag (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Arambagh East]]
| 9 July 1962
| 28 February 1967
| {{ayd|1962|7|9|1967|2|28}}
|- style="height: 60px;"
| 3
| [[File:Ajoy Mukherjee.jpg|113x113px]]
| scope="row" | [[Ajoy Kumar Mukherjee]]
|[[Tamluk (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Tamluk]]
| 1 March 1967
| {{Nowrap|21 November 1967}}
| {{age in days|1967|3|1|1967|11|21}} days
| rowspan="2" | 4th
([[1967 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1967 election]])
| [[Bangla Congress]] {{small|([[United Front (1967)|United Front]])}}
| style="background-color: blue" |
|- style="height: 60px;"
| (1)
| [[File:Prafullachandra Ghosh at Writers' Building in 1947.jpg|alt=photo of Prafulla Chandra Ghosh|94x94px]]
| scope="row" | [[Prafulla Chandra Ghosh]]
|[[Jhargram (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Jhargram]]
| {{Nowrap|21 November 1967}}
| 19 February 1968
| {{age in days|1967|11|21|1968|2|19}} days (total: 250 days)
| [[Independent (politician)|Independent]] {{small|(Progressive Democratic Front)}}
| style="background-color: grey" |
|- style="height: 60px;"
| –
| [[File:Emblem of India.svg|120x120px]]
| scope="row" | ''Vacant''{{efn|name=PR|Under Article 356 of the [[Constitution of India]], [[President's rule]] may be imposed when the "government in a state is not able to function as per the Constitution", which often happens because no party or coalition has a majority in the assembly. When President's rule is in force in a state, its council of ministers stands dissolved. The office of chief minister thus lies vacant, and the administration is taken over by the governor, who functions on behalf of the central government. At times, the legislative assembly also stands dissolved.<ref>Amberish K. Diwanji. "[http://www.rediff.com/news/2005/mar/15spec1.htm A dummy's guide to President's rule]". [[Rediff.com]]. 15 March 2005. [https://web.archive.org/web/20170816031157/http://www.rediff.com/news/2005/mar/15spec1.htm Archived] on 16 August 2017.</ref>}} ([[President's rule]])
|N/A
| 20 February 1968
| 25 February 1969
| {{ayd|1968|2|20|1969|2|25}}
| ''Dissolved''
| N/A
| style="background-color: white" |
|- style="height: 60px;"
| (3)
| [[File:Ajoy Mukherjee.jpg|113x113px]]
| scope="row" | [[Ajoy Kumar Mukherjee]]
|[[Tamluk (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Tamluk]]
| 25 February 1969
| 16 March 1970
| {{ayd|1969|2|25|1970|3|16}}
| rowspan="2" | 5th ([[1969 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1969 election]])
| [[Bangla Congress]] {{small|([[Second United Front Cabinet|United Front]])}}
| style="background-color: blue" |
|- style="height: 60px;"
| rowspan="2" | –
| rowspan="2" scope="row" | [[File:Emblem of India.svg|120x120px]]
| rowspan="2" scope="row" | ''Vacant''{{efn|name=PR}} ([[President's rule]])
| rowspan="2" |N/A
| 19 March 1970
| 30 July 1970
| rowspan="2" | {{ayd|1970|3|19|1971|4|2}}
| rowspan="2" | N/A
| rowspan="2" style="background-color: white" |
|- style="height: 60px;"
| 30 July 1970
| 2 April 1971
| ''Dissolved''
|- style="height: 60px;"
| (3)
|[[File:Ajoy Mukherjee.jpg|113x113px]]
| scope="row" | [[Ajoy Kumar Mukherjee]]
|[[Tamluk (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Tamluk]]
| 2 April 1971
| 28 June 1971
| {{age in days|1971|4|2|1971|6|28}} days {{small|(total: 2 years, 6 days)}}
| 6th
([[1971 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1971 election]])
| [[Indian National Congress]] {{small|(Democratic Coalition)}}
| style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|- style="height: 60px;"
| –
| [[File:Emblem of India.svg|120x120px]]
| scope="row" | ''Vacant''{{efn|name=PR}} ([[President's rule]])
|N/A
| 29 June 1971
| 20 March 1972
| {{age in days|1971|6|29|1972|3|20}} days
| ''Dissolved''
| N/A
| style="background-color: white" |
|- style="height: 60px;"
| 4
|[[File:SiddharthaShankarRay.png|center|frameless|103x103px]]

| scope="row" | [[Siddhartha Shankar Ray]]
|[[Maldah (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Maldah]]
| 20 March 1972
| 30 April 1977
| {{ayd|1972|3|20|1977|4|30}}
| 7th
([[1972 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1972 election]])
| [[Indian National Congress]] {{small|(Progressive Democratic Alliance)}}
| style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|- style="height: 60px;"
| –
| [[File:Emblem of India.svg|120x120px]]
| scope="row" | ''Vacant''{{efn|name=PR}} ([[President's rule]])
|N/A
| 30 April 1977
| 20 June 1977
| {{age in days|1977|4|30|1977|6|20}} days
| ''Dissolved''
| N/A
| style="background-color: white" |
|-
| rowspan="5" | 5
| rowspan="5" scope="row" |[[File:Jyoti Basu - Calcutta 1996-12-21 089 Cropped.png|frameless|99x99px]]
| rowspan="5" scope="row" style="height: 60px;" | [[Jyoti Basu]]
| rowspan="5" |[[Satgachhia (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Satgachhia]]
| 21 June 1977
| 23 May 1982
| rowspan="5" | {{ayd|1977|6|21|2000|11|5}}
| 8th
([[1977 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1977 election]])
| rowspan="8" | [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]] {{small|([[Left Front (West Bengal)|Left Front]])}}
| rowspan="8" style="background-color: {{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}" |
|-
| 24 May 1982
| 29 March 1987
| 9th
([[1982 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1982 election]])
|-
| 30 March 1987
| 18 June 1991
| 10th
([[1987 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1987 election]])
|-
| 19 June 1991
| 15 May 1996
| 11th
([[1991 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1991 election]])
|-
| 16 May 1996
| 5 November 2000
| rowspan="2" style="height: 80px;" | 12th
([[1996 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1996 election]])
|-
| rowspan="3" | 6
| rowspan="3" scope="row" | [[File:Buddhadeb Bhattacharjee in 2009.jpg|107x107px]]
| rowspan="3" scope="row" style="height: 60px;" | [[Buddhadeb Bhattacharya]]
| rowspan="3" |[[Jadavpur (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Jadavpur]]
| 6 November 2000
| 14 May 2001
| rowspan="3" | {{ayd|2000|11|6|2011|5|13}}
|-
| 15 May 2001
| 17 May 2006
| 13th
([[2001 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2001 election]])
|-
| 18 May 2006
| 13 May 2011
| 14th ([[2006 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2006 election]])
|- style="height: 60px;"
| rowspan="3" | 7
| rowspan="3" scope="row" | [[File:Ms. Mamata Banerjee, in Kolkata on July 17, 2018 (cropped) (cropped).JPG|frameless|115x115px]]
| rowspan="3" scope="row" style="height:60px;" | [[Mamata Banerjee]]
| rowspan="3" | [[Bhabanipur, West Bengal Assembly constituency|Bhabanipur]]
| 20 May 2011
| 25 May 2016
| rowspan="3" | {{ayd|2011|5|20}}
| 15th
([[2011 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2011 election]])
| rowspan="3" | [[Trinamool Congress]]{{efn|For the first 16 months Mamata Banerjee headed a coalition government that included ministers from Trinamool and the INC. After Trinamool quit the [[United Progressive Alliance]] on 22 September 2012, INC members resigned from her ministry, which has consisted of only Trinamool members ever since.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/east/story/congress-ministers-resign-mamata-government-west-bengal-116711-2012-09-22 |title=Six Congress ministers resign from Mamata government in Bengal |date=22 September 2012 |access-date=10 August 2024 |archive-date=7 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240807221538/https://www.indiatoday.in/india/east/story/congress-ministers-resign-mamata-government-west-bengal-116711-2012-09-22 |url-status=live}}</ref>}}
|" style="background-color: #00ff48" |
|-
| 26 May 2016
| 4 May 2021
| 16th
([[2016 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2016 election]])
|" style="background-color: #00ff48" |
|-
| 5 May 2021
| ''Incumbent''
| [[17th West Bengal Assembly|17th]]
([[2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2021 election]])
|" style="background-color: #00ff48" |
|}

== After independence of Bangladesh ==
[[East Pakistan]] seceded from [[West Pakistan]] on 16 December 1971 after the end of [[Bangladesh Liberation War]] and was named [[Bangladesh]] as an independent nation.

The [[President of Bangladesh|President]] was the executive [[Head of state]] of Bangladesh during [[Presidential system]] of government from 1975 to 1991. Thereafter, the [[Prime Minister of Bangladesh|Prime Minister]] is the executive [[head of government]] of this [[parliamentary republic]] while the President is the ceremonial Head of state, elected by the [[Jatiyo Sangshad|parliament]].

=== Presidents of Bangladesh ===

;Political parties
{{legend|{{party color|Awami League}}|[[Awami League]] (AL)|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{{legend|{{party color|Bangladesh Krishak Sramik Awami League}}|[[Bangladesh Krishak Sramik Awami League]] (BaKSAL)|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{{legend|{{party color|Bangladesh Nationalist Party}}|[[Jatiyatabadi Ganatantrik Dal]] (Jagodal) / [[Bangladesh Nationalist Party]] (BNP)|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{{legend|{{party color|Jatiya Party (Ershad)}}|[[Jatiya Party (Ershad)#History|Janadal]] / [[Jatiya Party (Ershad)|Jatiya Party]] (JP(E))|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}

;Other factions
{{legend|{{party color|Military rule}}|[[Bangladesh Armed Forces|Military]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{{legend|{{party color|Independent politician}}|[[Independent politician|Independent]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}

;Status
{{legend|#E6E6AA|Denotes acting president|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}

;Symbols
{{note label|†|†|†}} Died in office

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! rowspan="2" |{{Abbr|No.|Number}}
! rowspan="2" |Portrait
! rowspan="2" |Name {{small|(Birth–Death)}}
! rowspan="2" |Election
! colspan="3" |Term of office
! rowspan="2" |Political party {{small|(Coalition)}}
|-
! Took office
! Left office
! Time in office
|-
! colspan="8" |[[Provisional Government of Bangladesh]] (1971–1972)
|-
! style="background:{{party color|Awami League}}; color:white;" | 1
| [[File:Sheikh Mujibur Rahman in 1950.jpg|100px]]
| [[Sheikh Mujibur Rahman]] {{small|(1920–[[Assassination of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman|1975]])}} {{efn|Pakistani prisoner to 8 January 1972.}}
| —
| 17 April 1971
| 12 January 1972
| {{ayd|1971|4|17|1972|1|12}}
| [[Awami League|AL]]
|- style="background:#e6e6aa;"
! style="background:{{party color|Awami League}}; color:white;" | —
| [[File:Sayed nazrul islam.jpg|100px]]
| [[Syed Nazrul Islam]] {{small|(1925–[[3 November 1975 Bangladeshi coup d'état|1975]])}} {{efn|Acting for Sheikh Mujibur Rahman.}}
| —
| 17 April 1971
| 12 January 1972
| {{ayd|1971|4|17|1972|1|12}}
| [[Awami League|AL]]
|-
! colspan="8" |[[Bangladesh|People's Republic of Bangladesh]] (1972–present)
|-
! style="background:{{party color|Awami League}}; color:white;" | 2
| [[File:Abu Sayeed Chowdhury at the office of the Vice-Chancellor of Dacca University, November 1970.png|100px]]
| [[Abu Sayeed Chowdhury]] {{small|(1921–1987)}}
| —
| 12 January 1972
| 24 December 1973
| {{ayd|1972|1|12|1973|12|24}}
| [[Awami League|AL]]
|-
! rowspan="2" style="background:{{party color|Awami League}}; color:white;" | 3
| rowspan="2" | [[File:No image.png|100px]]
| rowspan="2" | [[Mohammad Mohammadullah]] {{small|(1921–1999)}}
| —
| style="background:#e6e6aa;" | 24 December 1973
| style="background:#e6e6aa;" | 27 January 1974
| rowspan="2" | {{ayd|1973|12|24|1975|1|25}}
| rowspan="2" | [[Awami League|AL]]
|-
| [[1974 Bangladeshi presidential election|1974]]
| 27 January 1974
| 25 January 1975
|-
! style="background:{{party color|Bangladesh Krishak Sramik Awami League}}; color:white;" | (1)
| [[File:Sheikh Mujibur Rahman in 1950.jpg|100px]]
| [[Sheikh Mujibur Rahman]] {{small|(1920–[[Assassination of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman|1975]])}}
| —
| 25 January 1975
| 15 August 1975 {{small|([[Assassination of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman|Assassinated]] in a [[15 August 1975 Bangladeshi coup d'état|coup]])}}
| {{ayd|1975|1|25|1975|8|15}}
| [[Bangladesh Krishak Sramik Awami League|BaKSAL]]
|-
! style="background:{{party color|Awami League}}; color:white;" | 4
| [[File:খন্দকার মোশতাক আহমেদ (cropped).jpg|100px]]
| [[Khondaker Mostaq Ahmad]] {{small|(1918–1996)}}
| —
| 15 August 1975
| 6 November 1975 {{small|([[3 November 1975 Bangladeshi coup d'état|Deposed in a coup]])}}
| {{ayd|1975|8|15|1975|11|6}}
| [[Awami League|AL]]
|-
! style="background:{{party color|Awami League}}; color:white;" | 5
| [[File:No image.png|100px]]
| [[Abu Sadat Mohammad Sayem]] {{small|(1916–1997)}} {{efn|Also [[Chief Martial Law Administrator]] (24 August 1975 – 4 November 1975 and 7 November 1975 – 29 November 1976).}}
| —
| 6 November 1975
| 21 April 1977
| {{ayd|1975|11|6|1977|4|21}}
| [[Awami League|AL]]
|-
! style="background:{{party color|Bangladesh Nationalist Party}}; color:white;" | 6
| [[File:Ziaur Rahman 1979.jpg|100px]]
| [[Ziaur Rahman]] {{small|(1936–1981)}} {{efn|Also Chief Martial Law Administrator (29 November 1976 – 6 April 1979).}}
| [[1977 Bangladeshi presidential confidence referendum|1977]]{{efn|name=Referendum|Referendum.}} [[1978 Bangladeshi presidential election|1978]]{{efn|name=Direct election|Direct election.}}
| 21 April 1977
| 30 May 1981 {{small|([[Assassination of Ziaur Rahman|Assassinated]])}}
| {{ayd|1977|4|21|1981|5|30}}
| [[Bangladesh Armed Forces|Military]] / [[Jatiyatabadi Ganatantrik Dal|Jagodal]] / [[Bangladesh Nationalist Party|BNP]]
|-
! rowspan="2" style="background:{{party color|Bangladesh Nationalist Party}}; color:white;" | 7
| rowspan="2" | [[File:President Sattar 1981 (cropped).jpg|100px]]
| rowspan="2" | [[Abdus Sattar (president)|Abdus Sattar]] {{small|(1906–1985)}}
| —
| style="background:#e6e6aa;" | 30 May 1981
| style="background:#e6e6aa;" | 20 November 1981
| rowspan="2" | {{ayd|1981|5|30|1982|3|24}}
| rowspan="2" | [[Bangladesh Nationalist Party|BNP]]
|-
| [[1981 Bangladeshi presidential election|1981]]{{efn|name=Direct election}}
| 20 November 1981
| 24 March 1982 {{small|([[1982 Bangladeshi coup d'état|Deposed in a coup]])}}
|-
| colspan="8" |Post vacant (24 – 27 March 1982){{efn|During this period, [[Chief of Army Staff (Bangladesh)|Chief of Army Staff]] [[Lieutenant general (Bangladesh)|Lt. Gen.]] [[Hussain Muhammad Ershad]] served as Chief Martial Law Administrator and ''de facto'' head of state.}}
|-
! style="background:{{party color|Independent politician}}; color:black;" | 8
|
| [[A. F. M. Ahsanuddin Chowdhury|Ahsanuddin Chowdhury]] {{small|(1915–2001)}}
| —
| 27 March 1982
| 10 December 1983
| {{ayd|1982|3|27|1983|12|10}}
| [[Independent politician|Independent]]
|-
! style="background:{{party color|Jatiya Party (Ershad)}}; color:black;" | 9
| [[File:Hussain Muhammad Ershad.jpg|100px]]
| [[Hussain Muhammad Ershad]] {{small|(1930–2019)}} {{efn|Served as Chief Martial Law Administrator until 30 March 1984.}}
| [[1985 Bangladeshi military rule referendum|1985]]{{efn|name=Referendum}} [[1986 Bangladeshi presidential election|1986]]{{efn|name=Direct election}}
| 11 December 1983
| 6 December 1990
| {{ayd|1983|12|11|1990|12|6}}
| [[Bangladesh Armed Forces|Military]] / [[Jatiya Party (Ershad)#History|Janadal]] / [[Jatiya Party (Ershad)|JP(E)]]
|- style="background:#e6e6aa;"
! style="background:{{party color|Independent politician}}; color:black;" | —
| [[File:Shahabuddin Ahmed.jpg|100px]]
| [[Shahabuddin Ahmed]] {{small|(1930–2022)}}
| —
| 6 December 1990
| 10 October 1991
| {{ayd|1990|12|6|1991|10|10}}
| [[Independent politician|Independent]]
|-
! style="background:{{party color|Bangladesh Nationalist Party}}; color:white;" | 10
| [[File:No image.png|100px]]
| [[Abdur Rahman Biswas]] {{small|(1926–2017)}}
| [[1991 Bangladeshi presidential election|1991]]
| 10 October 1991
| 9 October 1996
| {{ayd|1991|10|10|1996|10|9}}
| [[Bangladesh Nationalist Party|BNP]]
|-
! style="background:{{party color|Independent politician}}; color:black;" | 11
| [[File:Shahabuddin Ahmed.jpg|100px]]
| [[Shahabuddin Ahmed]] {{small|(1930–2022)}}
| [[1996 Bangladeshi presidential election|1996]]
| 9 October 1996
| 14 November 2001
| {{ayd|1996|10|9|2001|11|14}}
| [[Independent politician|Independent]]
|-
! style="background:{{party color|Bangladesh Nationalist Party}}; color:white;" | 12
| [[File:A. Q. M. Badruddoza Chowdhury.jpg|100px]]
| [[A. Q. M. Badruddoza Chowdhury|Badruddoza Chowdhury]] {{small|(born 1930)}}
| [[2001 Bangladeshi presidential election|2001]]
| 14 November 2001
| 21 June 2002
| {{ayd|2001|11|14|2002|6|21}}
| [[Bangladesh Nationalist Party|BNP]]
|- style="background:#e6e6aa;"
! style="background:{{party color|Bangladesh Nationalist Party}}; color:white;" | —
| [[File:Jamiruddin Sarkar...1 (cropped2).jpg|100px]]
| [[Muhammad Jamiruddin Sircar]] {{small|(born 1931)}}
| —
| 21 June 2002
| 6 September 2002
| {{ayd|2002|6|21|2002|9|6}}
| [[Bangladesh Nationalist Party|BNP]]
|-
! style="background:{{party color|Independent politician}}; color:black;" | 13
| [[File:Iajuddin Ahmed at Zia International Airport in Dhaka (cropped).jpg|100px]]
| [[Iajuddin Ahmed]] {{small|(1931–2012)}}
| [[2002 Bangladeshi presidential election|2002]]
| 6 September 2002
| 12 February 2009
| {{ayd|2002|9|6|2009|2|12}}
| [[Independent politician|Independent]]
|-
! style="background:{{party color|Awami League}}; color:white;" | 14
| [[File:Zillur Rahman in Dhaka on September 07, 2011.jpg|100px]]
| [[Zillur Rahman]] {{small|(1929–2013)}}
| [[2009 Bangladeshi presidential election|2009]]
| 12 February 2009
| 20 March 2013[[List of presidents of Bangladesh#endnote ††|[†]]]
| {{ayd|2009|2|12|2013|3|20}}
| [[Awami League|AL]]
|-
! rowspan="3" style="background:{{party color|Awami League}}; color:white;" | 15
| rowspan="3" | [[File:Abdul Hamid - 2014 (cropped).jpg|100px]]
| rowspan="3" | [[Mohammad Abdul Hamid]] {{small|(born 1944)}}{{efn|Acting for Zillur Rahman until 20 March 2013.}}
| —
| style="background:#e6e6aa;" | 14 March 2013
| style="background:#e6e6aa;" | 24 April 2013
| rowspan="3" | {{ayd|2013|3|14|2023|4|24}}
| rowspan="3" | [[Awami League|AL]]
|-
| [[2013 Bangladeshi presidential election|2013]]
| 24 April 2013
| 24 April 2018
|-
| [[2018 Bangladeshi presidential election|2018]]
| 24 April 2018
| 24 April 2023
|-
! style="background:{{party color|Awami League}}; color:white;" | 16
| [[File:Mohammed Shahabuddin.jpg|100px]]
| [[Mohammed Shahabuddin]] {{small|(born 1949)}}
| [[2023 Bangladeshi presidential election|2023]]
| 24 April 2023
| ''Incumbent''{{efn|Term ends on 24 April 2028.}}
| {{ayd|2023|4|24}}
| [[Awami League|AL]]
|}

=== Vice presidents of Bangladesh (1975–1991) ===

;Political parties
{{legend|{{party color|Bangladesh Awami League}}|[[Bangladesh Awami League]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{{legend|{{party color|Bangladesh Krishak Sramik Awami League}}|[[Bangladesh Krishak Sramik Awami League]] (BaKSAL)|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{{legend|{{party color|Bangladesh Nationalist Party}}|[[Bangladesh Nationalist Party]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{{legend|{{party color|Jatiya Party (Ershad)}}|[[Jatiya Party (Ershad)|Jatiya Party]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}

;Other factions
{{legend|{{party color|Independent (politician)}}|[[Independent politician|Independent]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |Portrait
! rowspan="2" |Name {{small|(Birth–Death)}}
! colspan="2" |Took office
! rowspan="2" |Party
! rowspan="2" |President
! rowspan="2" |Notes
|-
! Took office
! Left office
|-
! style="background:{{party color|Bangladesh Awami League}};" |
| rowspan="2" |[[File:Sayed nazrul islam.jpg|60px]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Syed Nazrul Islam]] {{small|(1925–1975)}}
| 17 April 1971
| 12 January 1972
| [[Bangladesh Awami League]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Sheikh Mujibur Rahman]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Acting president]] during the Bangladesh Liberation War.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7uIjCQAAQBAJ&q=syed+nazrul+islam+vice+president+of+bangladesh&pg=PA187 |title=A Political and Economic Dictionary of South Asia |year=2015 |isbn=978-1-135-35576-0 |access-date=6 November 2015 |last1=Schottli |first1=Jivanta |last2=Mitra |first2=Subrata K. |last3=Wolf |first3=Siegried |publisher=Routledge |archive-date=27 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220227212430/https://books.google.com/books?id=7uIjCQAAQBAJ&q=syed+nazrul+islam+vice+president+of+bangladesh&pg=PA187 |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
! style="background:{{party color|Bangladesh Krishak Sramik Awami League}};" |
| 26 January 1975<ref name="cabinet.gov">{{cite web |script-title=bn:১৯৭১ সাল থেকে ০৭-০১-২০১৯ গণপ্রজাতন্ত্রী বাংলাদেশের রাষ্ট্রপতি, উপ-রাষ্ট্রপতি, প্রধানমন্ত্রী ও মন্ত্রিপরিষদের সদস্যবৃন্দ |url=https://cabinet.gov.bd/site/publications/69175cd9-a655-41ac-b5a9-6155615e5135/-%E0%A7%A7%E0%A7%AF%E0%A7%AD%E0%A7%A7-%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2-%E0%A6%A5%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%87-%E0%A7%A6%E0%A7%AD-%E0%A7%A6%E0%A7%A7-%E0%A7%A8%E0%A7%A6%E0%A7%A7%E0%A7%AF-%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%A3%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%80-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF-%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%AA-%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF-%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A7%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%80-%E0%A6%93-%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%83%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A6-%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%82-%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC-%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A7%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%95-%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A7%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8-%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BE-%E0%A6%93-%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BE-%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%83%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%B9-%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A5%A4- |website=Cabinet Division |access-date=12 August 2024 |archive-date=12 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240812051855/https://cabinet.gov.bd/site/publications/69175cd9-a655-41ac-b5a9-6155615e5135/-%E0%A7%A7%E0%A7%AF%E0%A7%AD%E0%A7%A7-%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2-%E0%A6%A5%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%87-%E0%A7%A6%E0%A7%AD-%E0%A7%A6%E0%A7%A7-%E0%A7%A8%E0%A7%A6%E0%A7%A7%E0%A7%AF-%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%A3%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%80-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF-%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%AA-%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF-%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A7%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%80-%E0%A6%93-%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%83%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A6-%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%82-%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC-%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A7%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%95-%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A7%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8-%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BE-%E0%A6%93-%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BE-%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%83%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%B9-%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A5%A4- |url-status=live}}</ref>
| 15 August 1975
| [[BAKSAL]]
|-
! style="background:{{party color|Bangladesh Awami League}};" |
|
[[File:No image.png|60px]]
| [[Mohammad Mohammadullah]] {{small|(1921–1999)}}
| 15 August 1975
| 3 November 1975
| [[Bangladesh Awami League]]
| [[Khondaker Mostaq Ahmad]]
| Served as Minister of Land under President Sheikh Mujib and was later appointed Vice President upon Mujib's death.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7uIjCQAAQBAJ&q=syed+nazrul+islam+vice+president+of+bangladesh&pg=PA187 |title=A Political and Economic Dictionary of South Asia |year=2015 |isbn=978-1-135-35576-0 |access-date=6 November 2015 |last1=Schottli |first1=Jivanta |last2=Mitra |first2=Subrata K. |last3=Wolf |first3=Siegried |publisher=Routledge}}</ref>
|-
! style="background:{{party color|Bangladesh Nationalist Party}};" |
| [[File:President Sattar 1981 (cropped).jpg|60px]]
| [[Abdus Sattar (president)|Abdus Sattar]] {{small|(1906–1985)}}
| June 1977
| 30 May 1981
| [[Bangladesh Nationalist Party]]
| [[Ziaur Rahman]]
| Succeeded Zia as president in 1981.<ref>{{cite news |last=Kolbert |first=Elizabeth |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1985/10/06/world/abdus-sattar-ex-leader-of-bangladesh-dies.html |title=Abdus Sattar, Ex-Leader of Bangladesh, Dies |location=Bangladesh |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=6 October 1985 |access-date=6 November 2015 |archive-date=3 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190403014454/https://www.nytimes.com/1985/10/06/world/abdus-sattar-ex-leader-of-bangladesh-dies.html |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
! style="background:{{party color|Independent politician}};" |
| [[File:Mirza Nurul Huda Brussels 1976.jpg|60px]]
| [[Mirza Nurul Huda]] {{small|(1919–1991)}}
| 24 November 1981
| 23 March 1982
| [[Independent politician|Independent]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Abdus Sattar (president)|Abdus Sattar]]
| Resigned after conflict with BNP.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Szfqq7ruqWgC&q=mirza+nurul+huda+vice+president&pg=PA221 |title=Bangladesh: Past and Present |isbn=978-81-7648-469-5 |access-date=6 November 2015 |last1=Ahmed |first1=Salahuddin |year=2004 |publisher=APH |archive-date=27 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220227212428/https://books.google.com/books?id=Szfqq7ruqWgC&q=mirza+nurul+huda+vice+president&pg=PA221 |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
! style="background:{{party color|Bangladesh Nationalist Party}};" |
| [[File:No image.png|60px]] 
| [[Mohammad Mohammadullah]] {{small|(1921–1999)}}
| 23 March 1982
| 24 March 1982
| [[Bangladesh Nationalist Party]]
| In office for 24 hours; deposed in the [[1982 Bangladesh coup d'état|1982 coup d'état]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Mohammadullah,_Mohammad |title=Mohammadullah, Mohammad |website=Banglapedia |access-date=6 November 2015 |archive-date=29 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190329223612/http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Mohammadullah,_Mohammad |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
! style="background:{{party color|Jatiya Party (Ershad)}};" |
| [[File:No image.png|60px]]
| [[A. K. M. Nurul Islam]] {{small|(1919–2015)}}
| 30 November 1986
| September 1989
| [[Jatiya Party (Ershad)|Jatiya Party]]
| rowspan="3" |[[Hussain Muhammad Ershad]]
| Former Supreme Court Justice and Law Minister.<ref>{{cite news |agency=Reuters |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1986/12/01/world/vice-president-named-by-bangladesh-leader.html |title=Vice President Named By Bangladesh Leader |location=Bangladesh |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=1 December 1986 |access-date=6 November 2015 |archive-date=17 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117042356/http://www.nytimes.com/1986/12/01/world/vice-president-named-by-bangladesh-leader.html |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
! style="background:{{party color|Jatiya Party (Ershad)}};" |
| rowspan="2" | [[File:Moudud Ahmed (01).jpg|60px]]
| rowspan="2" | [[Moudud Ahmed]] {{small|(1940–2021)}}
| rowspan="2" | September 1989
| rowspan="2" | December 1990
| rowspan="2" | [[Jatiya Party (Ershad)|Jatiya Party]]
| rowspan="2" | Former Prime Minister and Deputy Prime Minister.<ref name="cabinet.gov" />
|-
! style="background:{{party color|Independent (politician)}};" |
|}

=== Prime Ministers of Bangladesh ===

Note that numbering for Prime Minister is given either bracketless, or with ( ) brackets. Numbering for Chief Adviser is given in [ ] brackets. Acting Prime Ministers or Chief Advisers are not numbered and instead denoted as "—". There are 10 Prime Ministers, 1 Acting Prime Minister, 5 Chief Advisers, and 1 Acting Chief Adviser of Bangladesh so far.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.tbsnews.net/bangladesh/look-back-caretaker-governments-throughout-years-912656 |title=A look back at caretaker governments throughout the years |work=The Business Standard |date=8 August 2024 |archive-date=8 August 2024 |access-date=12 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240808232759/https://www.tbsnews.net/bangladesh/look-back-caretaker-governments-throughout-years-912656 |url-status=live}}</ref>

;Political parties
{{legend|{{party color|Awami League}}|[[Awami League]] (AL)|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{{legend|{{party color|Bangladesh Krishak Sramik Awami League}}|[[Bangladesh Krishak Sramik Awami League]] (BaKSAL)|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{{legend|{{party color|Bangladesh Nationalist Party}}|[[Bangladesh Nationalist Party]] (BNP)|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{{legend|{{party color|Jatiya Party (Ershad)}}|[[Jatiya Party (Ershad)#History|Janadal]] / [[Jatiya Party (Ershad)|Jatiya Party]] (JP(E))|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}

;Status
{{legend|#E6E6AA|Denotes an interim or [[Caretaker government of Bangladesh|caretaker government]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}

;Symbols
{{note label|†|†|†}} Died in office

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! rowspan="2" |{{Abbr|No.|Number}}
! rowspan="2" |Portrait
! rowspan="2" |Name {{small|(Birth–Death)}}
! rowspan="2" |Election
! colspan="3" |Term of office
! rowspan="2" |Political party {{small|(Coalition)}}
|-
! Took office
! Left office
! Time in office
|-
! colspan="8" |[[Provisional Government of Bangladesh]] (1971–1972)
|-
! style="background:{{party color|Awami League}}; color:white;" | 1
| [[File:Tajuddin Ahmad in 1970 (cropped).jpg|100px]]
| [[Tajuddin Ahmad]] {{small|(1925–[[3 November 1975 Bangladeshi coup d'état|1975]])}}
| —
| 17 April 1971
| 12 January 1972
| {{ayd|1971|4|17|1972|1|12}}
| [[Awami League|AL]]
|-
! colspan="8" |[[Bangladesh|People's Republic of Bangladesh]] (1972–present)
|-
! style="background:{{party color|Awami League}}; color:white;" | 2
| [[File:Sheikh Mujibur Rahman in 1950.jpg|100px]]
| [[Sheikh Mujibur Rahman]] {{small|(1920–[[Assassination of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman|1975]])}}
| [[1973 Bangladeshi general election|1973]]
| 12 January 1972
| 25 January 1975
| {{ayd|1972|1|12|1975|1|25}}
| [[Awami League|AL]]
|-
! style="background:{{party color|Bangladesh Krishak Sramik Awami League}}; color:white;" | 3
| [[File:Monsur ali.jpg|100px]]
| [[Muhammad Mansur Ali]] {{small|(1917–[[3 November 1975 Bangladeshi coup d'état|1975]])}}
| —
| 25 January 1975
| 15 August 1975 {{small|([[15 August 1975 Bangladeshi coup d'état|Deposed in a coup]])}}
| {{ayd|1975|1|25|1975|8|15}}
| [[Bangladesh Krishak Sramik Awami League|BaKSAL]]
|-
| colspan="8" |Post abolished (15 August 1975 – 29 June 1978)
|- style="background:#E6E6AA;"
! style="background:{{party color|Bangladesh Nationalist Party}}; color:white;" | —
| 
| [[Mashiur Rahman (prime minister)|Mashiur Rahman]] {{small|(1924–1979) Acting Prime Minister}} {{efn|Senior Minister.}}
| —
| 29 June 1978
| 12 March 1979[[List of prime ministers of Bangladesh#endnote ††|[†]]]
| {{ayd|1978|6|29|1979|3|12}}
| [[Bangladesh Nationalist Party|BNP]]
|-
| colspan="8" |Post vacant (12 March – 15 April 1979)
|-
! style="background:{{party color|Bangladesh Nationalist Party}}; color:white;" | 4
| [[File:No image.png|100px]]
| [[Shah Azizur Rahman]] {{small|(1925–1988)}}
| [[1979 Bangladeshi general election|1979]]
| 15 April 1979
| 24 March 1982 {{small|([[1982 Bangladeshi coup d'état|Deposed in a coup]])}}
| {{ayd|1979|4|15|1982|3|24}}
| [[Bangladesh Nationalist Party|BNP]]
|-
| colspan="8" |Post abolished (24 March 1982 – 30 March 1984)
|-
! style="background:{{party color|Jatiya Party (Ershad)}}; color:black;" | 5
|[[File:Ataur_Rahman_Khan.jpg|100px]]
| [[Ataur Rahman Khan]] {{small|(1905–1991)}}
| —
| 30 March 1984
| 9 July 1986
| {{ayd|1984|3|30|1986|7|9}}
| [[Jatiya Party (Ershad)#History|Janadal]] / [[Jatiya Party (Ershad)|JP(E)]]
|-
! style="background:{{party color|Jatiya Party (Ershad)}}; color:black;" | 6
|
| [[Mizanur Rahman Chowdhury]] {{small|(1928–2006)}}
| [[1986 Bangladeshi general election|1986]]
| 9 July 1986
| 27 March 1988
| {{ayd|1986|7|9|1988|3|27}}
| [[Jatiya Party (Ershad)|JP(E)]]
|-
! style="background:{{party color|Jatiya Party (Ershad)}}; color:black;" | 7
| [[File:Moudud Ahmed (01).jpg|100px]]
| [[Moudud Ahmed]] {{small|(1940–2021)}}
| [[1988 Bangladeshi general election|1988]]
| 27 March 1988
| 12 August 1989
| {{ayd|1988|3|27|1989|8|12}}
| [[Jatiya Party (Ershad)|JP(E)]]
|-
! style="background:{{party color|Jatiya Party (Ershad)}}; color:black;" | 8
| [[File:Kazi Zafar Ahmed.jpg|100px]]
| [[Kazi Zafar Ahmed]] {{small|(1939–2015)}}
| —
| 12 August 1989
| 6 December 1990
| {{ayd|1989|8|12|1990|12|6}}
| [[Jatiya Party (Ershad)|JP(E)]]
|-
| colspan="8" |Post abolished (6 December 1990 – 20 March 1991)
|-
! style="background:{{party color|Bangladesh Nationalist Party}}; color:white;" | 9
| [[File:Begum Zia Book-opening Ceremony, 1 Mar, 2010.jpg|100px]]
| [[Khaleda Zia]] {{small|(born 1945)}}
| [[1991 Bangladeshi general election|1991]] [[February 1996 Bangladeshi general election|1996 (Feb)]]
| 20 March 1991
| 30 March 1996
| {{ayd|1991|3|20|1996|3|30}}
| [[Bangladesh Nationalist Party|BNP]]
|- style="background:#E6E6AA;"
! style="background:{{party color|Independent politician}}; color:black;" | [1]
| [[File:Habibur Rahman.jpg|100px]]
| [[Muhammad Habibur Rahman]] {{small|(1928–2014) [[Chief Adviser of Bangladesh|Chief Adviser]]}}
| —
| 30 March 1996
| 23 June 1996
| {{ayd|1996|3|30|1996|6|23}}
| [[Independent politician|Independent]]
|-
! style="background:{{party color|Awami League}}; color:white;" | 10
| [[File:Sheikh Hasina in New York - 2018 (44057292035) (cropped).jpg|100px]]
| [[Sheikh Hasina]] {{small|(born 1947)}}
| [[June 1996 Bangladeshi general election|1996 (Jun)]]
| 23 June 1996
| 15 July 2001
| {{ayd|1996|6|23|2001|7|15}}
| [[Awami League|AL]]
|- style="background:#E6E6AA;"
! style="background:{{party color|Independent politician}}; color:black;" | [2]
|
| [[Latifur Rahman]] {{small|(1936–2017) Chief Adviser}}
| —
| 15 July 2001
| 10 October 2001
| {{ayd|2001|7|15|2001|10|10}}
| [[Independent politician|Independent]]
|-
! style="background:{{party color|Bangladesh Nationalist Party}}; color:white;" | (9)
| [[File:Begum Zia Book-opening Ceremony, 1 Mar, 2010.jpg|100px]]
| [[Khaleda Zia]] {{small|(born 1945)}}
| [[2001 Bangladeshi general election|2001]]
| 10 October 2001
| 29 October 2006
| {{ayd|2001|10|10|2006|10|29}}
| [[Bangladesh Nationalist Party|BNP]] {{small|([[Four Party Alliance]])}}
|- style="background:#E6E6AA;"
! style="background:{{party color|Independent politician}}; color:black;" | [3]
| [[File:Iajuddin Ahmed at Zia International Airport in Dhaka (cropped).jpg|100px]]
| [[Iajuddin Ahmed]] {{small|(1931–2012) Chief Adviser}} {{efn|Simultaneously served as [[President of Bangladesh|President]].}}
| —
| 29 October 2006
| 11 January 2007
| {{ayd|2006|10|29|2007|1|11}}
| [[Independent politician|Independent]]
|- style="background:#E6E6AA;"
! style="background:{{party color|Independent politician}}; color:black;" | [—]
| [[File:No image.png|100px]]
| [[Fazlul Haque (judge)|Fazlul Haque]] {{small|(born 1938) Acting Chief Adviser}}
| —
| 11 January 2007
| 12 January 2007
| {{ayd|2007|1|11|2007|1|12}}
| [[Independent politician|Independent]]
|- style="background:#E6E6AA;"
! style="background:{{party color|Independent politician}}; color:black;" | [4]
| [[File:Fakhruddin Ahmed - WEF Annual Meeting Davos 2008.jpg|100px]]
| [[Fakhruddin Ahmed]] {{small|(born 1940) Chief Adviser}}
| —
| 12 January 2007
| 6 January 2009
| {{ayd|2007|1|12|2009|1|6}}
| [[Independent politician|Independent]] {{small|(with [[2006–2008 Bangladesh political crisis#Military intervention|military support]])}}
|-
! style="background:{{party color|Awami League}}; color:white;" | (10)
| [[File:Sheikh Hasina in New York - 2018 (44057292035) (cropped).jpg|100px]]
| [[Sheikh Hasina]] {{small|(born 1947)}}
| [[2008 Bangladeshi general election|2008]] [[2014 Bangladeshi general election|2014]] [[2018 Bangladeshi general election|2018]] [[2024 Bangladeshi general election|2024]]
| 6 January 2009
| 5 August 2024 {{small|([[Resignation of Sheikh Hasina|Resigned]])}}
| {{ayd|2009|1|6|2024|8|5}}
| [[Awami League|AL]] {{Small|([[Grand Alliance (Bangladesh)|Grand Alliance]])}}
|-
| colspan="8" |Post vacant (5 – 8 August 2024)
|- style="background:#E6E6AA;"
! style="background:{{party color|Independent politician}}; color:black;" | [5]
| [[File:Muhammad Yunus - World Economic Forum Annual Meeting 2012.jpg|100px]]
| [[Muhammad Yunus]] {{small|(born 1940) Chief Adviser}}
| —
| 8 August 2024
| ''Incumbent''
| {{ayd|2024|8|8}}
| [[Independent politician|Independent]]
|}

== See also ==
{{Portal bar|Monarchy|India|Bangladesh|History|Lists}}
* [[Mahajanapadas]]
* [[History of India]]
* [[History of Bangladesh]]
* [[History of West Bengal]]
* [[List of Indian monarchs]]

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}<references group="upper-alpha" />

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== Sources ==
* {{cite book |last1=Dasgupta |first1=Gautam Kumar |last2=Biswas |first2=Samira |last3=Mallik |first3=Rabiranjan |year=2009 |title=Heritage Tourism: An Anthropological Journey to Bishnupur |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_0_o9Qj1LOEC&pg=PA18 |publisher=A Mittal Publication |page=21 |isbn=978-8183242943}}
* {{cite Banglapedia |article=Subahdar}}
* {{cite book |editor-last=Barpujari |editor-first=H. K. |year=1990 |title=The Comprehensive History of Assam: From the Pre-historic Times to the Twelfth Century A.D. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-NZHAAAAMAAJ |volume=1 |location=Guwahati |publisher=Publication Board, Assam}}

{{Bangladesh topics}}
{{West Bengal}}

[[Category:Dynasties of Bengal]]
[[Category:Lists of Indian monarchs|Bengal]]
[[Category:Rulers of Bengal|*]]
[[Category:Rulers|*]]
[[Category:Lists of rulers in Asia|Lists of rulers in Asia]]
[[Category:Lists of heads of state|Lists of heads of state]]

All India Rajakulathor Peravai

2026-02-27T12:47:48Z

Felipa7295: starting the stub and citations!

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2025}}
{{Infobox Indian Political Party
| party_name = '''All India Rajakulathor Peravai'''
| party_flag = Ahila india rajakulathor peravai Flag.jpg
| logo = Rajakulathor Peravai Election logo.jpg
| leader =
| founder = Vengadeshkumar BABL
| foundation = 2021
| alliance =
| colorcode = yellow
| women = All India Womens Samiti
| students = All India Students Bloc
| youth = All India Youth League
| ideology = [[Caste|Anti-Casteism]] [[Social Justice]] [[Tamil nationalism]] [[Social equity]]
| state_seats_name =
| state_seats =
|colours = {{Colorsample|Yellow}} Yellow {{Colorsample|White}} White 
{{Colorsample|Green}} Green
| headquarters= New No. 155, Old No. 30, Vinayakapuram 2nd Street, [[Arumbakkam]], [[Chennai]]-600106
| symbol =
| website = [http://rajakulathorperavai.com/view/login.php rajakulathorperavai.com]
}}
[[File:Vengadeshkumar BABL.oga|thumb|Vengadeshkumar Speech]]

'''All India Rajakulathor Peravai''' is a political party in the [[India]]n state of [[Tamil Nadu]].The party formed to gain votes in [[Rajakulathor (caste)|Rajakulathor]].<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.dinamalar.com/news/tamil-nadu-district-news-viluppuram/news/3165931|location=Vilupuram| work=Dinamalar|title=Petition in the Collector's Office of the Rajakulathor Assembly|date=2023-03-15}}</ref><ref>{{cite news| url=https://arasiyaltoday.com/on-behalf-of-all-indian-royalty-petition-to-district-secretary-collector/|location=Erode|work=Arasiyal Today|title=As per Order No. 38 in the Backward List and Central Govt|date=2023-03-15}}</ref><ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.dailythanthi.com/News/State/allotment-of-house-should-be-done-in-shack-exchange-board-831821|location=Kovai|work=Dinathandi|title=As per Central Government Ordinance Serial No. 156, call our Rajakula sub-division as Rajakulathor|date=2023-03-15}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://tamilmuzhakkam.com/%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2-%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF-%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9C-%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%B0/|location=Trichy|work=Tamil Muzhakkam|title=The meeting of the All India Rajakulathor Peravai Party was held in Trichy|date=2023-03-15}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.iftamil.com/news/petition-for-change-of-caste-name-and-issuance-of-certificate|location=Kallakurichi|work=if Tamil News|title=change-of-caste-name-and-issuance-of-certificate|date=2023-03-16}}{{Dead link|date=August 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
<ref>{{cite news|url=https://alaiosai.tv/the-caste-name-should-be-called-raja-clans-instead-of-combining-it-with-the-professional-name/|location=Selam|work=Alaiosi tv|title=The caste name should be called Rajakulathor instead of combining it with the professional name|date=2023-03-16|archive-date=16 March 2023|access-date=16 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230316051733/https://alaiosai.tv/the-caste-name-should-be-called-raja-clans-instead-of-combining-it-with-the-professional-name/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

== Origins and platform ==
[[File:Vengadeshkumar.jpg|thumb|200px|right|Dr. M. K. Vengadeshkumar BABL, founder and Leader of All India Rajakulathor Peravai]]
This assembly originated in [[Chennai]] and the first meeting of state administrators in [[Tiruchirappalli|Trichy]] district was well attended by nearly a thousand people, the founder, who is a High Court advocate, is the former State Students' Deputy Secretary of the [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]<ref>{{cite news|url=https://dmk.in/wings/student-wing|title=Dmk student Wing|date=2023-03-18}}</ref> and is close to former Member of Parliament [[T. K. S. Elangovan]].

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:State political parties in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:2021 establishments in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Political parties established in 2021]]

{{India-party-stub}}

Peter Mukerjea

2026-02-21T13:42:25Z

Felipa7295: quick fix

{{EngvarB|date=September 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2014}}
{{Short description|British television executive (born 1956)}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Peter Mukerjea
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1956|11|21}}
| birth_place = [[London]], England
| death_date = 
| death_place =
| monuments =
| other_names =
| citizenship =
| education = [[The Doon School]] [[West Herts College]]
| alma_mater =
| occupation = Television executive
| years_active = 1974–2009
| known_for = CEO, [[Disney Star|Star India]] (1997–2007)
| spouse = {{marriage|Shabnam Mukerjea|1975|1994|end=divorced}}<ref name="mukerjea_toi_2015-08-27">{{cite news | title = Our family strongly favoured Rahul-Sheena marriage: Shabnam's brother | url = http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/dehradun/Our-family-strongly-favoured-Rahul-Sheena-marriage-Shabnams-brother/articleshow/48701374.cms | author = Kautilya Singh | publisher = Times of India | date = 27 Aug 2015 | access-date = 31 Aug 2015}}</ref> {{marriage|[[Indrani Mukerjea]]|2002|2017|end=divorced}}
| partner =
| children = 3
| parents =
| relatives = [[Sheena Bora]] (stepdaughter)
| website = 
| footnotes =
}}

'''Peter Mukerjea''' (born 21 November 1956)<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/day-before-60th-birthday-peter-mukerjea-charged-with-murder-115112100059_1.html|title=Day before 60th birthday, Peter Mukerjea charged with murder|date=2015-11-21|newspaper=[[Business Standard]]|access-date=2024-03-02}}</ref> is a British retired television executive. From 1997 to 2007 he was the CEO of [[STAR India]].<ref name="mukerjea_bloomberg">{{cite web | title = Peter Mukerjea - Executive Profile & Biography | url = https://www.bloomberg.com/Research/stocks/private/person.asp?personId=11323366&privcapId=11313867&previousCapId=33230298&previousTitle=INX%20Group | publisher = Bloomberg Business | date = 26 Aug 2015 | access-date = 26 Aug 2015}}</ref> In 2007 he joined [[9X Media|INX Media]] as chief strategy officer.<ref name="mukerjea_bloomberg" /> He quit the company in 2009 and retired to [[Bristol]].<ref name="mukerjea_2009-03-10">{{cite news | title = Peter And Indrani Mukerjea Stepping Down At INX; Pradeep Guha To Come Onboard As Consultant | url = https://gigaom.com/2009/03/10/419-peter-and-indrani-mukerjea-stepping-down-from-inx-management/ | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150311054747/https://gigaom.com/2009/03/10/419-peter-and-indrani-mukerjea-stepping-down-from-inx-management/ | url-status = dead | archive-date = 11 March 2015 | author = Sruthijith KK | publisher = GigaOM | date = 10 March 2009 | access-date = 26 Aug 2015}}</ref><ref name="mukerjea_do_2015-08-26">{{cite news | title = Indrani Mukerjea: Mumbai society has claws out | url = http://www.dailyo.in/politics/indrani-mukerjeasheena-borapeter-mukerjeasunanda-pushkarstar-tvkaun-banega-crorepatimurder9xsydney-sheldon/story/1/5895.html | author = Gayatri Jayaraman | publisher = DailyO | date = 26 Aug 2015 | access-date = 26 Aug 2015}}</ref>

In November 2015 he was arrested by the [[Central Bureau of Investigation]] in connection with the [[Sheena Bora murder case]] and had been in judicial custody at [[Mumbai]]'s [[Arthur Road Jail]]. In February 2016 he was formally charged under [[Indian Penal Code]] Sections 302 (murder), 120-B (conspiracy) and 201 (causing disappearance of evidence).<ref name="mukerjea_it-2016-02-16">{{cite news | title = Peter Mukerjea was part of conspiracy to kill Sheena Bora, says CBI chargesheet | url = https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/sheena-bora-murder-case-peter-mukerjea-cbi-309019-2016-02-16 | author = Liu Chuen Chen | publisher = India Today | date = 16 Feb 2016 | access-date = 16 Feb 2016}}</ref> He was released on bail on 20 March 2020. In February 2021 (15/2/2021) Peter's first book 'STARSTRUCK' - Confessions of a TV Executive - was published by Westland Amazon.

== Personal life ==
Mukerjea was born in [[London]] to Indian parents and raised in [[Bombay]], India.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/india/11831459/Sheena-Bora-murder-Victims-mother-named-as-prime-suspect-in-honour-killing.html|title=Sheena Bora murder: Victim's mother named as prime suspect in 'honour killing'|last=Sherwell|first=Philip|date=2015-08-28|url-access=subscription|access-date=2024-03-02|newspaper=[[The Daily Telegraph|The Telegraph]]}}</ref> His father was a doctor.<ref name="mukerjea_bs_2007-03-26">{{cite news | title = Reaching for the stars, again | url = http://www.business-standard.com/article/beyond-business/reaching-for-the-stars-again-107032601052_1.html | author = Shuchi Bansal | publisher = Business Standard | date = 26 Mar 2007 | access-date = 31 Aug 2015}}</ref> He graduated from [[the Doon School]] in [[Dehradun]], India, in 1971.<ref name="mukerjea_bs_2007-03-26"/> He attended college in UK. He took evening classes to study [[business management]].<ref name="mukerjea_bs_2007-03-26"/> He has a younger brother, Gautam Mukerjea, who runs a lifestyle magazine named ''Planet Goa''.<ref name="mukerjea_gautam">{{cite web | title = St. Stephen's Alumnus - Gautam Mukerjea | url = https://ststephens.almaconnect.com/profiles/gautam-mukerjea | publisher = St. Stephen's College, New Delhi | date = 26 Aug 2015 | access-date = 26 Aug 2015}}</ref>

Peter married Shabnam Singh in May 1978.<ref name="mukerjea_toi_2015-08-27"/> The couple had two sons, Rabin (born 1980) and Rahul (born 1984), before divorcing in 1994.<ref name="mukerjea_2002-10-17">{{cite news | title = Peter Mukherjea ready to tie the knot with his new star | url = http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/calcutta-times/Peter-Mukherjea-ready-to-tie-the-knot-with-his-new-star/articleshow/25484405.cms | author = Nupur Mahajan | publisher = Times of India | date = 17 Oct 2002 | access-date = 26 Aug 2015}}</ref> Rahul Mukerjea currently lives in Badripur near [[Dehradun]] with his mother.

Peter lived and worked in Mumbai while employed with [[STAR India]]. In 2000, he was named as the first Indian [[Jack Daniel's#Tennessee Squires|Tennessee Squire]] by [[Brown-Forman Corporation]], the makers of [[Jack Daniel's]] whiskey.<ref name="mukerjea_2000-03-16">{{cite news | title = The man has come of age | url = http://www.indiantelevision.com/y2ktvx/pro.htm | publisher = indiantelevision.com | date = 16 Mar 2000 | access-date = 26 Aug 2015}}</ref><ref name="mukerjea_2000-09-18">{{cite news | title = Bourbon bounty | url = https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/your-week/story/20000918-mumbai-lives-it-up-at-jack-daniels-150th-birthday-778904-2000-09-17 | publisher = India Today | date = 18 September 2000 | access-date = 26 Aug 2015}}</ref><ref name="mukerjea_2000-10-14">{{cite news | title = Movers & Shakers | url = http://expressindia.indianexpress.com/fe/daily/20001014/faf24003.html | publisher = Indian Express | date = 14 October 2000 | access-date = 26 Aug 2015}}</ref>

In 2002 [[Alyque Padamsee]] introduced Peter to Indrani Bora, an HR consultant 16 years his junior.<ref name="mukerjea_2002-10-17" /><ref name="mukerjea_pori">{{cite news | title = From Pori Bora to Mrs Mukerjea | url = http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/from-pori-bora-to-mrs-mukerjea/ | author = Archana Shukla | publisher = Indian Express | date = 27 Aug 2015 | access-date = 27 Aug 2015}}</ref> Later that year Peter married Indrani in a small wedding ceremony in friend [[Suhel Seth]]'s garden house in New Delhi.<ref name="mukerjea_2002-10-17"/><ref name="mukerjea_toi_2015-08-26">{{cite news | title = She always carried pic of a little girl & boy: Khanna | url = http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/She-always-carried-pic-of-a-little-girl-boy-Khanna/articleshow/48688177.cms | author = Mohua Das | publisher = Times of India | date = 26 Aug 2015 | access-date = 26 Aug 2015}}</ref> After marriage, Indrani's daughter from a previous marriage, Vidhie Khanna, moved in with them and took the Mukerjea name.<ref name="mukerjea_toi_2015-08-26" /> In 2005 Indrani introduced her children from a previous relationship, [[Sheena Bora]] and Mikhail Bora, to Peter as her younger siblings.<ref name="mukerjea_dna_2015-08-26">{{cite news | title = Indrani Mukerjea Case: Peter Mukerjea speaks out about his son's relationship with Sheena | url = http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-indrani-mukerjea-case-peter-mukerjea-speaks-out-about-his-son-s-relationship-with-sheena-2118717 | work = Daily News and Analysis | date = 26 Aug 2015 | access-date = 26 Aug 2015}}</ref> In 2006 [[Sheena Bora]] moved in with them and enrolled in St. Xavier's College, Mumbai.<ref name="mukerjea_ie_2015-08-26">{{cite news | title = I know the exact cause of Sheena's murder: Indrani's son Mikhail Bora | url = http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/i-know-the-exact-cause-of-sheenas-murder-indranis-son-mikhail-bora/ | author = Samudra Gupta Kashyap | publisher = Indian Express | date = 26 Aug 2015 | access-date = 26 Aug 2015}}</ref> In 2017 he divorced his second wife, Indrani Mukerjea.

== Career ==
Peter Mukerjea started his career in marketing with American food processing company [[Heinz]] and British retailer [[Storehouse plc]] in [[United Kingdom]]. He worked with the advertising agency [[Ogilvy & Mather]] as Account Director in [[New Delhi]] and [[London]] followed by a stint with [[DDB Worldwide|DDB Needham]] as Regional Group Account Director in [[Hong Kong]]. In 1993 he joined [[Fox Networks Group Asia Pacific|STAR TV]] as Sales Director (India) in Hong Kong. He moved to [[Mumbai]] shortly after joining to establish STAR TV's advertising sales division in India. In 1996 Peter acquired additional responsibility for the Middle East market. In 1997 he was promoted to Executive Vice President. In 1999 he became Chief Executive Officer of [[STAR India]] and served in that position for 8 years.<ref name="mukerjea_bloomberg" /><ref name="mukerjea_2007-01-22">{{cite news | title = Peter Mukerjea, Sameer Nair to leave Star India | url = http://www.oneindia.com/2007/01/22/peter-mukerjea-sameer-nair-to-leave-star-india-1169444136.html | work = OneIndia | date = 22 January 2007 | access-date = 26 Aug 2015}}</ref><ref name="mukerjea_2007-01-10">{{cite web | title = The Importance of being Peter Mukerjea | url = http://pigsandwings.blogspot.de/2007/01/importance-of-being-peter-mukerjea.html | author = Anant Rangaswami | date = 10 January 2007 | access-date = 26 Aug 2015}}</ref><ref name="mukerjea_2007-02-06">{{cite news | title = Peter Mukerjea on his decision to quit STAR | url = http://www.rediff.com/money/2007/feb/06star.htm | work = Rediff.com | date = 6 February 2007 | access-date = 26 Aug 2015}}</ref> Peter represented Star TV's interests as a member of the Board of Directors of television channel [[ESPN STAR Sports]], cable television service operator [[Hathway]] and joint venture company ''Media Content and Communications Services (India)'' for [[ABP News|Star News]].<ref name="mukerjea_bloomberg" />

In January 2007 Peter resigned from [[STAR India]].<ref name="mukerjea_2007-01-22" /> The terms of his resignation included a [[non-compete clause]] that restricted him from joining a competing broadcast service for 6 months. Peter therefore took on the role of chairman of his wife [[Indrani Mukerjea]]'s human resource company, INX Services Pvt. Ltd.<ref name="mukerjea_dna_2007-01-21">{{cite news | title = Mukerjea in new avatar as HR wiz | url = http://www.dnaindia.com/money/report-mukerjea-in-new-avatar-as-hr-wiz-1075591 | author = Anushree Madan Mohan | work = Daily News and Analysis | date = 21 January 2007 | access-date = 26 Aug 2015}}</ref> After the expiry of the non-compete clause in July 2007, Peter joined [[9X Media|INX Media]], where he took on the role of chief strategy officer.<ref name="mukerjea_2007-08-21">{{cite news | title = Peter Mukerjea joins INX Media officially as chief strategy officer | url = http://www.afaqs.com/news/story/18800_Peter-Mukerjea-joins-INX-Media-officially-as-chief-strategy-officer | publisher = agencyfaqs! | date = 21 August 2007 | access-date = 26 Aug 2015}}</ref><ref name="mukerjea_2007-07-25">{{cite news | title = Peter Mukerjea takes on Star TV | url = http://filmfunda.blogspot.com/2007/07/peter-mukerjea-takes-on-star-tv.html | work = Buzz18 | publisher = FilmFunda | date = 25 July 2007 | access-date = 26 Aug 2015}}</ref> He resigned from his position in 2009.<ref name="mukerjea_2009-03-10" /><ref name="mukerjea_2009-01-13">{{cite news | title = "More focus and attention on INX Media": Peter Mukerjea | url = http://www.campaignindia.in/Article/225736,more-focus-and-attention-on-inx-media-peter-mukerjea.aspx | author = Bindu Nair Maitra | publisher = Campaign India | date = 13 Jan 2009 | access-date = 26 Aug 2015}}</ref><ref name="mukerjea_2009-03-12">{{cite news | title = Peter Mukerjea and Indrani Mukerjea to step down at INX Media | url = http://www.afaqs.com/news/story/23544_Peter-Mukerjea-and-Indrani-Mukerjea-to-step-down-at-INX-Media | publisher = afaqs! | date = 12 March 2009 | access-date = 26 Aug 2015}}</ref> By April 2010 he had sold his stake in the company.<ref name="mukerjea_2010-04-09">{{cite news | title = New Silk Route Eyes Buyout Of PE Investors In INX Media | url = http://www.vccircle.com/news/telecom/2010/04/08/new-silk-route-eyes-buyout-pe-investors-inx-media | author1 = Boby Kurian | author2 = Shrija Agrawal | publisher = VCCircle.com | date = 9 April 2010 | access-date = 27 Aug 2015 | archive-date = 7 February 2016 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160207201836/http://www.vccircle.com/news/telecom/2010/04/08/new-silk-route-eyes-buyout-pe-investors-inx-media | url-status = dead }}</ref> In May 2011, he resigned from his position on the board of directors of the company.<ref name="mukerjea_bs_2015-08-28">{{cite news | title = Indrani quit most of her companies by mid-2011 | url = http://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/indrani-quit-most-of-her-companies-by-mid-2011-115082700918_1.html | author = N Sundaresha Subramanian | publisher = Business Standard | date = 28 Aug 2015 | access-date = 28 Aug 2015}}</ref>

Peter has resigned as director at INX Executive Search Private Limited. He is an [[angel investor]] in Kratos, an on-demand digital advertisement platform.<ref name="mukerjea_al">{{cite web | title = AngelList - Peter Mukerjea | url = https://angel.co/peter-mukerjea | publisher = AngelList | date = 26 Aug 2015 | access-date = 26 Aug 2015}}</ref><ref name="mukerjea_2011-01-31">{{cite news | title = ZAPPME Media and Entertainment Launches KRATOS, Powered by Tata Communications' Mosaic | url = http://www.tatacommunications.com/article/zappme-media-and-entertainment-launches-kratos-powered-tata-communications%E2%80%99-mosaic | publisher = Tata Communications | date = 31 January 2011 | access-date = 26 Aug 2015}}</ref>

== Legacy ==
Peter Mukerjea is considered one of the most successful executives in the history of Indian television industry.<ref name="mukerjea_2000-03-16"/><ref name="mukerjea_2011-04-19">{{cite web | title = The Peter Mukerjea School of Television | url = http://www.campaignindia.in/Article/254962,anant8217s-blog-the-peter-mukerjea-school-of-television.aspx | author = Anant Rangaswami | publisher = CampaignIndia | date = 19 April 2011 | access-date = 26 Aug 2015}}</ref><ref name="mukerjea_2012-08-05">{{cite news | title = How Star India changed the rules of the game | url = http://www.businesstoday.in/magazine/cover-story/peter-mukerjea-on-star-india-challenges/story/186246.html | author = Peter Mukerjea | publisher = Business Today | date = 5 Aug 2012 | access-date = 26 Aug 2015}}</ref> Under his leadership, [[STAR India]] was transformed from a loss-making operation into India's most-watched television channel with hit shows such as [[Balaji Telefilms]]' soap opera ''[[Kyunki Saas Bhi Kabhi Bahu Thi]]'' and host [[Amitabh Bachchan]]'s quiz show ''[[Kaun Banega Crorepati]]''.<ref name="mukerjea_bw_2013-05-18">{{cite news | title = Working Up A Lather | url = http://old.businessworld.in/news/business/media-and-entertainment/working-up-a-lather-1/893152/page-1.html | author = Gurbir Singh | publisher = Businessworld | date = 18 May 2013 | access-date = 31 Aug 2015 }}{{Dead link|date=May 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> At [[STAR India]], Peter forged and nurtured a team whose members have become senior media executives in their own right: Raj Nayak, [[Ajay Vidyasagar]], Jagdish Kumar, [[Sameer Nair]], [[Tarun Katial]], Tony D'Silva, Sumantra Dutta, Anant Rangaswami, Yash Khanna, Seema Mohapatra, Monica Tata, Sunita Rajan, Vibhu Sharma and Rajnath Kamath.<ref name="mukerjea_bs_2015-09-01">{{cite news | title = Peter Mukerjea and media freedom | url = http://www.business-standard.com/article/opinion/vanita-kohli-khandekar-peter-mukerjea-and-media-freedom-115090101464_1.html | author = Vanita Kohli-Khandekar | date = 1 September 2015 | access-date = 1 September 2015 }}</ref><ref name="mukerjea_ci_2010-01-04">{{cite news | title = Indian media and Rip Van Winkle | url = http://www.campaignindia.in/Article/227544,anants-blog-indian-media-and-rip-van-winkle.aspx | author = Anant Rangaswami | date = 4 Jan 2010 | access-date = 31 Aug 2015}}</ref>

[[India Today]] magazine listed Peter Mukerjea among the 50 most powerful people in India for 3 consecutive years from 2004 to 2006.<ref name="mukerjea_2004-03-01">{{cite news | title = Cover Story: 50 Power People of 2004 - A guide to the high and mighty: India Today lists the profile of top powerful people of 2004 / Peter Mukerjea #13 | url = https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/cover-story/story/20040301-check-out-list-powerful-persons-india-make-news-headlines-790434-2004-02-29 | publisher = India Today | date = 1 Mar 2004 | access-date = 31 Aug 2015}}</ref><ref name="mukerjea_2005-02-21">{{cite news | title = Cover Story: The high and mighty - India Today Power List 2005: From Ratan Tata to Rajul Bajaj, corporate honchos dominate / Peter Mukerjea #13 | url = https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/cover-story/story/20050221-india-today-power-list-2005-from-ratan-tata-to-rajul-bajaj-corporate-honchos-dominated-788250-2005-02-20 | publisher = India Today | date = 21 Feb 2005 | access-date = 31 Aug 2015}}</ref><ref name="mukerjea_2006-03-20">{{cite news | title = Cover Story: 50 Power People of 2006 - India's High & Mighty: From corporate czars to policy mavens / Peter Mukerjea #14 | url = https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/cover-story/story/20060320-50-most-power-people-in-india-783469-2006-03-19 | publisher = India Today | date = 20 March 2006 | access-date = 27 Aug 2015}}</ref>

== Sheena Bora murder ==
{{Main|Sheena Bora murder case}}
In August 2015, Peter was questioned by [[Mumbai Police]] in connection with the alleged murder of [[Sheena Bora]], his step daughter.<ref name="mukerjea_dna_2015-08-28">{{cite news | title = Sheena Bora Murder: What Peter Mukerjea said to the Mumbai police | url = http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-sheena-bora-murder-what-peter-mukerjea-said-to-the-mumbai-police-2119587 | work = Zee Media Bureau | publisher = Daily News and Analysis | date = 28 Aug 2015 | access-date = 31 Aug 2015}}</ref> He submitted a written statement to the police that was prepared in conjunction with his lawyer.<ref name="mukerjea_toi_kp_2015-08-27">{{cite news | title = Peter Mukerjea submits statement to Khar police | url = http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Peter-Mukerjea-submits-statement-to-Khar-police/articleshow/48715306.cms | author = Nitasha Natu | publisher = Times of India | date = 28 Aug 2015 | access-date = 31 Aug 2015}}</ref> He claimed that his passport was evidence that he was in [[Rome]] at the time of the murder in April 2012.<ref name="mukerjea_hp_2015-08-27">{{cite news | title = Sheena Bora Murder: Peter Mukerjea Says He Doesn't Believe His Wife Indrani Killed Daughter | url = http://www.huffingtonpost.in/2015/08/27/sheena-bora-murder-peter_n_8049422.html | author = Indrani Basu | publisher = HuffPost India | date = 27 Aug 2015 | access-date = 31 Aug 2015}}</ref>

In November 2015 Peter was arrested by the [[Central Bureau of Investigation]] (CBI) for his alleged role in the murder conspiracy.<ref name="mukerjea_th-2015-11-19">{{cite news | title = CBI arrests Peter Mukherjea, chargesheets Indrani | url = http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/sheena-bora-case-chargesheet-filed-by-cbi/article7896423.ece |author1=Gautam S Mengle |author2=Rahi Gaikwad |author3=Devesh Pandey | work = The Hindu | date = 19 Nov 2015 | access-date = 6 Feb 2016}}</ref><ref name="mukerjea_ie-2015-11-19">{{cite news | title = Sheena Bora murder case: Peter Mukerjea arrested; remains are hers, say docs | url = http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/cbi-arrests-peter-mukerjea-in-sheena-bora-murder-case/ |author1=Rashmi Rajput |author2=Srinath Rao |author3=Pritha Chatterjee | publisher = Indian Express | date = 19 Nov 2015 | access-date = 6 Feb 2016}}</ref> He was kept in CBI custody for two weeks during which period he subjected to a polygraph test with his consent and in the presence of his lawyer.<ref name="mukerjea_ie-2015-11-30">{{cite news | title = Peter Mukerjea's polygraph test: Questions mostly personal, few on money | url = http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/peter-mukerjeas-polygraph-test-questions-mostly-personal-few-on-money/ | author = Rashmi Rajput | publisher = Indian Express | date = 30 Nov 2015 | access-date = 6 Feb 2016}}</ref> In December 2015 Peter was [[remand (detention)|remanded]] to judicial custody in [[Arthur Road Jail]].<ref name="mukerjea_th-2015-12-02">{{cite news | title = Peter Mukerjea sent to jail till December 14 | url = http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/mumbai/peter-mukerjea-sent-to-jail-till-december-14/article7937882.ece | author = Rahi Gaikwad | work = The Hindu | date = 2 Dec 2015 | access-date = 6 Feb 2016}}</ref> CBI officials were granted multiple extensions to his judicial custody<ref name="mukerjea_pti-2015-12-14">{{cite news | title = Sheena Bora case: Peter Mukerjea's judicial custody extended till December 28 | url = http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/sheena-bora-case-peter-mukerjeas-judicial-custody-extended-till-december-28/ | work = Press Trust of India | publisher = Indian Express | date = 14 Dec 2015 | access-date = 6 Feb 2016}}</ref><ref name="mukerjea_pti-2015-12-28">{{cite news | title = Sheena Bora murder case: Peter Mukerjea's judicial custody extended till January 11 | url = http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/sheena-bora-murder-case-peter-mukerjeas-judicial-custody-extended-till-january-11/ | work = Press Trust of India | publisher = Indian Express | date = 28 Dec 2015 | access-date = 6 Feb 2016}}</ref><ref name="mukerjea_pti-2016-01-26">{{cite news | title = Sheena Bora Murder Case: Peter Mukerjea's Judicial Remand Extended | url = http://www.ndtv.com/india-news/sheena-bora-murder-case-peter-mukerjeas-judicial-remand-extended-1270083 | work = Press Trust of India | publisher = NDTV | date = 26 Jan 2016 | access-date = 6 Feb 2016}}</ref> based on their contention that Peter and Indrani Mukerjea siphoned off money from [[9X Media|INX Media]] and parked it in an offshore bank account in Sheena Bora's name.<ref name="mukerjea_pti-2015-11-27">{{cite news | title = Peter, Indrani Mukerjea Siphoned Off Funds From 9X Media: CBI | url = http://www.ndtv.com/india-news/peter-indrani-mukerjea-siphoned-off-funds-from-9x-media-cbi-1248115 | work = Press Trust of India | publisher = NDTV | date = 27 Nov 2015 | access-date = 6 Feb 2016}}</ref><ref name="mukerjea_ie-2015-12-24">{{cite news | title = Sheena Bora murder case- Peter, Indrani siphoned off funds from INX deal: CBI | url = http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/sheena-bora-murder-case-peter-indrani-siphoned-off-funds-from-inx-deal-cbi/ | work = Express News Service | publisher = Indian Express | date = 24 Dec 2015 | access-date = 6 Feb 2016}}</ref><ref name="mukerjea_oi-2015-09-07">{{cite news | title = Muddy Waters Flow Through This Channel: SFIO investigates the many levels of fraud the Mukerjeas committed in NewsX | url = http://www.outlookindia.com/article/muddy-waters-flow-through-this-channel/295193 | author = Meetu Jain | publisher = Outlook India | date = 7 Sep 2015 | access-date = 6 Feb 2016}}</ref> In February 2016 the CBI filed a [[chargesheet]] against him that charged him under Sections 302 (murder), 120-B (conspiracy) and 201 (causing disappearance of evidence) of the [[Indian Penal Code]].<ref name="mukerjea_it-2016-02-16"/> On 20 March 2020, Peter was [https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/ex-media-baron-peter-mukerjea-accused-in-2012-sheena-bora-murder-case-released-after-four-years-in-m-2198191 released] from Arthur Road Jail, six weeks after he was granted bail by the High Court and over 4.5 years after his initial arrest.{{fact|date=August 2024}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/topic/Peter-Mukerjea Peter Mukerjea] collected news and commentary at [[The Times of India]]
* [http://www.firstpost.com/tag/peter-mukerjea Peter Mukerjea] collected news and commentary at Firstpost
* [http://zeenews.india.com/tags/Peter-Mukerjea.html Peter Mukerjea] collected news and commentary at [[Zee News]]
* [http://www.ndtv.com/topic/peter-mukerjea Peter Mukerjea] collected news and commentary at [[NDTV]]
* [http://www.dnaindia.com/topic/peter-mukerjea Peter Mukerjea] collected news and commentary at [[Daily News and Analysis]]
* [http://www.business-standard.com/search?type=news&q=Peter+Mukherjea Peter Mukerjea] collected news and commentary at [[Business Standard]]
* [http://www.afaqs.com/search/index.html?k=Peter+Mukerjea Peter Mukerjea] collected news and commentary at afaqs!
* [http://www.moneycontrol.com/news-topic/peter-mukerjea/ Peter Mukerjea] collected news and commentary at [[Moneycontrol]]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mukerjea, Peter}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1956 births]]
[[Category:The Doon School alumni]]
[[Category:British television executives]]
[[Category:British chief executives]]
[[Category:British expatriates in India]]
[[Category:Mass media people from Bristol]]
[[Category:Businesspeople from Mumbai]]
[[Category:British businesspeople of Indian descent]]
[[Category:Prisoners and detainees of India]]
[[Category:British prisoners and detainees]]
[[Category:People charged with murder]]
[[Category:Prisoners and detainees of Maharashtra]]

Sailendra Sircar Vidyalaya

2026-02-21T09:25:58Z

Felipa7295: improved article

{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2015}}
{{Infobox school
| name = Sailendra Sircar Vidyalaya
| native_name =
| image = Sailendra Sircar Vidyalaya.JPG
| alt =
| caption = Main school building
| motto = "Work is Worship"
| motto_translation =
| address = 62A, Shyampukur St, Shyambazar, Sovabazar, Hati Bagan,
| city = Kolkata
| district = Kolkata
| state = [[West Bengal]]
| postal_code = 700004
| country = India
| coordinates = {{Coord|22.5978164|N|88.3680346|E|region:IN-WB_type:edu|display=inline,title}}
| other_name = 
| former_name = Saraswati Institution
| type = Higher Secondary School
| religious_affiliation = Secular
| established = {{start date and age|df=y|1920|1|5}}
| founder = [[Sailendra Sircar]]
| closed =
| school_board = West Bengal Board of Secondary Education
| oversight =
| principal =
| staff =
| faculty =
| grades =
| gender = Male
| age_range =
| enrolment =
| language = Bengali
| campus_size =
| campus_type = Urban
| colours =
| teams = 
| accreditation = 
| publication =
| newspaper =
| yearbook =
| affiliation = 
| website = {{URL|https://www.ssvkolkata.in/index.php}}
| footnotes =
}}

'''Sailendra Sircar Vidyalaya'''<ref>Dewan Parkash, Ram,''Directory of Educational Institutions, Volume 15'', Publisher R. P. Bookwala, Original from the University of California, Digitized 28 Jul 2009, p.347</ref><ref>Indian National Commission for Co-operation with UNESCO.,''Report of teachers' workshops on education for international understanding'', Publisher Indian National Commission for Unesco, 1964, p.97</ref> is affiliated to the [[West Bengal Board of Secondary Education]] ([[WBBSE]]) and is one of the oldest [[Bengali language|Bengali]] medium schools in [[Kolkata]], India. It is located at 62A, [[Shyampukur|Shyampukur Street]] in north Kolkata. It is a [[government]] sponsored [[Higher Secondary Examination|higher secondary]] School.

==About the school==
The school was founded on 5 January 1920 and its original name was Saraswati Institution. The school was renamed as Sailendra Sircar Vidyalaya to pay homage to the founder headmaster of the school [[Sailendra Sircar|Sailendranath Sircar]] in 1948. Sailendranath Sircar was the youngest son of Sri [[Peary Charan Sarkar|Peary Churn Sircar]], a distinguished educationalist, philanthropist and the pioneer of Temperance Reform in undivided Bengal and the author of the English primer- The first Book of Reading.

The current main building of the school was built in 1934. Another building on the back side of the main building houses the primary section.{{Citation needed|date=May 2025}}

The institution celebrated their 100 years of establishment in 2020.{{Citation needed|date=May 2025}}

==Notable alumni==
* [[Buddhadeb Bhattacharya]], Former [[List of Chief Ministers of West Bengal|Chief Minister of West Bengal]]
* [[Ashoke Sen]], [[theoretical physicist]] working in [[string theory]]
* [[Shyamal Kumar Sen]], Chief Justice of the [[Allahabad High Court]] and [[Governor of West Bengal]]

==See also==
*[[Education in India]]
*[[List of schools in India]]
*[[Education in West Bengal]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.ssvkolkata.in/about-us/ Mission and vision]

{{Portal bar|School|Education}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sailendra Sircar Vidyalaya}}
[[Category:High schools and secondary schools in West Bengal]]
[[Category:Schools in Kolkata]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 1920]]
[[Category:1920 establishments in India]]

{{WestBengal-school-stub}}

K. J. George

2026-02-09T09:52:41Z

Felipa7295:

{{short description|Indian politician}}
{{for|the Kerala politician|K. J. George (Kerala politician)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2018}}

{{Indian name|George|Kelachandra Joseph}}'''Kelachandra Joseph George''' (born 24 August 1949) is an Indian politician from [[Karnataka]]. He is currently serving as Cabinet Minister of Energy in [[Government of Karnataka]] and as a member of [[Karnataka Legislative Assembly]] representing [[Sarvagnanagar Assembly constituency|Sarvagnanagar]].
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = K. J. George
| image =
| caption =
| office = Cabinet Minister, [[Government of Karnataka]]
| predecessor =
| successor =
| governor = [[Thawarchand Gehlot]]
| 1blankname = Chief Minister
| 1namedata = [[Siddaramaiah]]
| subterm = '''Cabinet'''
| suboffice = [[Second Siddaramaiah ministry]]
| 2blankname = Ministry and Departments
| 2namedata = '''Energy'''
| term_start = 20 May 2023<ref>{{Cite web|title= K. J. George sworn as Cabinet Minister in Government of Karnataka|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/elections/assembly-elections/karnataka/karnataka-swearing-in-ceremony-g-parameshwara-kj-george-mb-patil-take-oath-as-cabinet-ministers/videoshow/100376599.cms}}</ref>
| successor1 =
| governor1 = [[Vajubhai Vala]]
| 1blankname1 = Chief Minister
| 1namedata1 = [[H. D. Kumaraswamy]]
| subterm1 = '''Cabinet'''
| suboffice1 = [[Second Kumaraswamy ministry]]
| 2blankname1 = Ministry and Departments
| 2namedata1 = '''Large & Medium Scale Industries'''
| term_start1 = 6 June 2018
| term_end1 = 23 July 2019
| predecessor2 = [[R. Ashoka]] (Home)
| successor2 = [[G. Parameshwara]] (Home)
| governor2 = [[Vajubhai Vala]]
| 1blankname2 = Chief Minister
| 1namedata2 = [[Siddaramaiah]]
| subterm2 = '''Cabinet'''
| suboffice2 = [[First Siddaramaiah ministry]]
| 2blankname2 = Ministry and Departments
| 2namedata2 = * '''Bengaluru Development and Town Planning''' and (31 October 2015 - 18 July 2016)
* '''Home''' (20 May 2013 - 29 October 2015)
| term_start2 = 2013
| term_end2 = 2016
| office3 = Member of [[Karnataka Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start3 = 25 May 2008
| term_end3 =
| predecessor3 = Constituency established
| successor3 =
| constituency3 = [[Sarvagnanagar (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Sarvagnanagar]]
| birth_name = Kelachandra Joseph George
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1949|8|24|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Chingavanam]], [[Travancore]] (now in [[Kottayam district|Kottayam]], [[Kerala]], India)
| death_date =
| death_place =
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]
| spouse = Suja George
| children = 2
| profession = [[Politician]] (1969–present)
| religion = 
}}

He was a minister of large and medium size industry in the cabinet of [[H D Kumaraswamy]] and was the Minister for Bengaluru Development and Town Planning. He was previously the Home Minister of Karnataka. He was also the Minister of State (Independent Charge) Transport, Food and Civil Supplies in the [[Veerendra Patil]] government and Cabinet Minister for Housing & Urban Development in the [[S. Bangarappa]] government.

==Early life==
George was born on 24 August 1949 to K. C. Joseph and Mariamma Joseph of [[Chingavanam]], in the Kingdom of [[Travancore]] (now in [[Kottayam district|Kottayam]], [[Kerala]]). His family moved to the [[Kodagu district]] of [[Karnataka]] in the 1960s.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Aji |first1=Sowmya |title=The rags-to-riches story of KJ George, the closest aide of Karnataka CM |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/karnataka-cms-closest-aide-kj-georges-is-a-rags-to-riches-story/articleshow/61280101.cms |website=The Economic Times |date=28 October 2017}}</ref> He spent most of his childhood there before relocating to [[Bangalore]]. Joseph and his sons founded the [http://www.kelachandragroup.com/ Kelachandra Group] in 1980.<ref>{{cite web|title=Kelachandra Brothers|url=http://www.kbros.co.in/|website=Kelachandra Brothers|accessdate=17 December 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Kelachandra Group|url=http://www.kelachandragroup.com/about-us.html|accessdate=17 December 2016|archive-date=25 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161225145646/http://www.kelachandragroup.com/about-us.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> George is married to Suja and has two children.<ref>{{cite news|title=Who is KJ George?|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/who-is/karnataka-minister-congress-who-is-kj-george-4910216/|accessdate=4 February 2018|work=The Indian Express|date=28 October 2017}}</ref>

==Political career==
#K. J. George joined the [[Indian National Congress]] in 1968. His political career started in 1969 when he was elected as the President of the Gonikoppal Town Youth Congress. During 1971–1972, he was the President of the Virajpet Taluk Youth Congress Committee.
#From 1972 to 1973 he was the General of the Coorg District Youth Congress Committee and the President of this forum from 1973 to 1975.
#In 1975 and through 1978 he became the Treasurer of the Karnataka Pradesh Youth Congress Committee.
#In 1982, he was the General Secretary of the [[Indian Youth Congress|All India Youth Congress]] Committee where he served till 1985. He later served as the General Secretary- Karnataka Pradesh Congress Committee during and under the Presidentships of K. H Ranganath, [[N. Dharam Singh]], [[S. M. Krishna]], V. S. Kaujalgi, [[Allum Veerabhadrappa]], [[Mallikarjun Kharge]], [[Oscar Fernandes]], [[Veerendra Patil]] and [[Janardhana Poojary]].
#In 1985, he was elected from the erstwhile [[Bharathinagar (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Bharatinagar Assembly Constituency]] and became an MLA through 1994.
#From 1985 to 1989, he was also the Secretary of the Congress Legislature Party. During the late 1980s and early 1990s, he was the Minister of State (Independent Charge) Transport, Food and Civil Supplies under Chief Minister [[Veerendra Patil]] and Cabinet Minister for Housing and Urban Development under Chief Minister [[Bangarappa]].
#Currently, he is a State Election Commission Member, the General Secretary K.P.C.C., a Member of the A.I.C.C. and Working Committee Member All India I.N.T.U.C.

K. J. George won from the [[Sarvagnanagar (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Sarvagnanagar]] constituency at the [[2013 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|assembly elections in 2013]] by polling in 69,673 votes against his nearest rival Padmanabha Reddy of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]. During his tenure, the [[Bangalore Political Action Committee]] (B.PAC) rated him the best among legislators of Bangalore, using data sets available in the public domain (Attendance in assembly, Starred questions, Unstarred questions, Percentage of MLALAD fund utilization, Perception survey, Educational qualification, Criminal record and Social Media etc.).<ref>{{cite news |author=Staff Reporter |title=K.J. George emerges topper |url=http://www.thehindu.com/elections/karnataka-2018/kj-george-emerges-topper/article23532046.ece |accessdate=15 June 2018 |work=The Hindu |date=14 April 2018 |language=en-IN}}</ref>

In 2018 Assembly Polls, George won from the Sarvagnanagar constituency by a margin of over 53,000 votes against Bhartiya Janta Party’s MN Reddy who stood a distant second.
He won 2023 elections in urban Bengaluru.

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category|K. J. George}}
* [http://www.kla.kar.nic.in/assembly/member/14thWhoSwho/17.pdf K. J. George bio in Kannada]

{{DEFAULTSORT:George, K. J.}}
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Karnataka]]
[[Category:State cabinet ministers of Karnataka]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Politicians from Bengaluru]]
[[Category:People from Kodagu district]]
[[Category:1949 births]]
[[Category:Karnataka MLAs 2008–2013]]
[[Category:Karnataka MLAs 2013–2018]]
[[Category:Karnataka MLAs 2018–2023]]
[[Category:Karnataka MLAs 2023–2028]]

Henning Holck-Larsen

2026-02-07T22:50:32Z

Felipa7295: Enhanced content and organization

{{Short description|Danish businessman and engineer (1907–2003)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2018}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Henning Holck-Larsen
| image = Henning Holck-Larsen 2008 stamp of India.jpg
| caption = Holck-Larsen on a 2008 stamp of India
| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1907|07|04}}
| birth_place = [[Frederiksberg]], Denmark
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|2003|07|27|1907|07|04}}
| death_place = [[Mumbai]], India

Republic of India (1950–2003)
| known_for = Founder of [[Larsen & Toubro]]
}}
'''Henning Holck-Larsen''' (4 July 1907 – 27 July 2003) was a [[Denmark|Danish]]-born Indian engineer who co-founded the engineering firm [[Larsen & Toubro]] (L&T) along with [[Søren Kristian Toubro]] (27 February 1906 – 4 March 1982).<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Story of Larsen & Toubro Construction Company |url=https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/story-larsen-toubro-construction-company-dr-shashank-shah |access-date=2025-01-12 |website=www.linkedin.com |language=en}}</ref>

== Early life and career ==

Holck-Larsen was educated at the [[University of Copenhagen]] (and what is now the [[Technical University of Denmark]]). He came to [[India]] in 1937 as a chemical engineer working for [[FLSmidth|F. L. Smidth & Co.]] of [[Copenhagen]]. Partnering with his former schoolmate and fellow employee [[Søren Kristian Toubro]], he set up [[Larsen & Toubro]] in 1938. The idea of L&T was conceived during a holiday in [[Matheran]], a hill station near [[Mumbai]].<ref name="the_hindu_formula">{{cite news
| url = http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/mp/2006/03/06/stories/2006030600380500.htm
| title = The Toubro formula
| work = [[The Hindu]]
| date = 6 March 2006
| access-date = 13 May 2009
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080317102248/http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/mp/2006/03/06/stories/2006030600380500.htm
| archive-date = 17 March 2008
| url-status = usurped
}}</ref> Holck-Larsen was a risk-taker while Toubro was more conservative.<ref name="the_hindu_giant">{{cite news
| url = http://www.blonnet.com/2007/07/04/stories/2007070450270900.htm
| title = The engineer behind the giant
| author = N. Ramakrishnan
| work = [[The Hindu]]
| date = 4 July 2007
| access-date = 13 May 2009
}}</ref> Holck-Larsen and Toubro saw opportunities in India at a time when few Europeans had realised the country's potential for industrial growth.

The first office of L&T, located in Mumbai, was so small that only one of them could use it at a time.<ref name="larsentoubro_evolution">{{cite web
|url=http://www.larsentoubro.com/lntcorporate/common/UI_Templates/html/common_AABL_BHIS.htm
|title=Evolution of L&T
|publisher=L&T
|access-date=13 May 2009
|url-status=dead
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110713184540/http://www.larsentoubro.com/lntcorporate/common/UI_Templates/html/common_AABL_BHIS.htm
|archive-date=13 July 2011
}}</ref> Initially, L&T represented Danish dairy equipment manufacturers. However, the Danish imports were restricted during the [[World War II]], forcing L&T to start a small workshop that provided servicing and undertook small jobs. The imports stopped after the [[Operation Weserübung|German invasion of Denmark]], forcing L&T to start manufacturing dairy equipment indigenously, a move that was successful.<ref name="larsentoubro_evolution" />

Seeing opportunity in ship repair during wartime, Holck-Larsen and Toubro formed a new company called Hilda Ltd. Around this time, L&T also started two repair and fabrication shops. The wartime internment of German engineers who were supposed to build a soda ash plant for the [[Tata Group|Tatas]] provided L&T another new opportunity.<ref name="larsentoubro_evolution" />

In 1944, Holck-Larsen and Toubro established Engineering Construction & Contracts (ECC). L&T started collaborating with international companies around this time. In 1945, it signed an agreement with the [[Caterpillar Tractor Company]] of USA for marketing earthmoving equipment. L&T also started representing British manufacturers of equipment used to manufacture a variety of products including biscuits, glass, hydrogenated oils and soaps.<ref name="larsentoubro_evolution" /> At the end of World War II, the war-surplus Caterpillar equipment was available in bulk at low prices. However, L&T lacked the money to purchase them. Therefore, Holck-Larsen and Toubro decided to raise additional equity capital, and as a result, Larsen & Toubro Private Limited was established on 7 February 1946.<ref name="larsentoubro_evolution" /> After India gained independence in 1947, L&T set up offices in [[Calcutta]], [[Madras]] and [[New Delhi]].

He naturalised as a citizen of the Republic of India in 1950, giving up his Danish citizenship.

Holck-Larsen and Toubro gradually transformed L&T into a large business house with diverse interests, and went on to become one of the most successful Indian companies.{{Citation needed|date=May 2024}}

He later wedded his wife Karen at the [[Church of St Andrew and St Columba]].<ref name="Harboe 2021 p. 102">{{cite book | last=Harboe | first=J. | title=Tigeren i sit leje. Henning Holck-Larsen og hans virksomhed i Indien | publisher=SAGA Egmont | year=2021 | isbn=978-87-26-55767-1 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=l2k1EAAAQBAJ&pg=PT102 | language=da | access-date=2023-07-02 | page=102}}</ref> After retirement, Holck-Larsen served as the chairman emeritus of the company. He used to call India his "adopted homeland" and divided his time between Denmark and India.<ref>{{cite news
| url = http://www.hinduonnet.com/2003/07/28/stories/2003072802791300.htm
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20031106054611/http://www.hinduonnet.com/2003/07/28/stories/2003072802791300.htm
| url-status = usurped
| archive-date = 6 November 2003
| title = L&T co-founder Holck-Larsen dead
| work = [[The Hindu]]
| date = 28 July 2003
| access-date = 13 May 2009
}}</ref> He died in 2003 at the Breach Candy hospital, [[Mumbai]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2003-07-28 |title=Larsen of Larsen & Toubro passes away at 96 |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/larsen-of-larsen-toubro-passes-away-at-96/articleshow/97822.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2025-01-12 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref> {{Citation needed|date=May 2024}}

== Awards and recognitions ==

* [[Ramon Magsaysay Award]] for International Understanding (1976)<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-09-09 |title=Indian Recipients of Ramon Magsaysay Award |url=https://www.jagranjosh.com/general-knowledge/indian-recipients-of-ramon-magsaysay-award-1461817778-1 |access-date=2025-01-12 |website=Jagranjosh.com |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Knighthood]] from Queen [[Margrethe II]] of Denmark (1977)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Henning Holck-Larsen |url=https://www.indiatoday.dk/henning-holck-larsen/ |access-date=2025-01-12 |website=www.indiatoday.dk |language=en}}</ref>
* Sir Jehangir Ghandy Medal for Industrial Peace (1980){{citation needed|date=February 2025}}
* Chemtech Foundation's Chemical Industry Stalwart Award (2000){{citation needed|date=February 2025}}
* Bombay Management Association's Lifetime Achievement Award (2001){{citation needed|date=February 2025}}
* Citation from the Indo-European Union Business Summit for promoting business beyond boundaries (2002){{citation needed|date=February 2025}}
* [[Padma Bhushan]] (2002) for contribution to Indian industry.<ref name="Padma Awards">{{cite web |url=http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf |title=Padma Awards |publisher=Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India |date=2015 |access-date=21 July 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151015193758/http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf |archive-date=15 October 2015 }}</ref>
* India Post issued a commemorative postage stamp of ₹5.00 on 12 June 2008<ref>{{Cite web |title=India 2008 MNH Henning Holck Larsen (Block B/L 4) |url=https://myindiamint.com/products/india-2008-mnh-henning-holck-larsen-block-b-l-4 |access-date=2025-01-12 |website=indiamintstamps}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Larsen & Toubro}}
{{PadmaBhushanAwardRecipients 2000–09}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Holcklarsen, Henning}}
[[Category:1907 births]]
[[Category:2003 deaths]]
[[Category:Larsen & Toubro]]
[[Category:20th-century Danish businesspeople]]
[[Category:Danish expatriate businesspeople in India]]
[[Category:People from Frederiksberg]]
[[Category:Businesspeople from Copenhagen]]
[[Category:Businesspeople from Mumbai]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Bhushan in trade and industry]]
[[Category:Ramon Magsaysay Award winners]]

2012–13 Goa Professional League

2026-01-22T07:28:11Z

Felipa7295: starting first details initial version

{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2022}}
{{Infobox football league season
|competition= [[Goa Football League#Goa Professional League|Goa Professional League]]
|season=2012–13
|winners= [[Salgaocar F.C.|Salgaocar]] 6th GPL title 20th [[List of Goan state football champions|Goan title]]
|relegated= [[Vasco S.C.]]
|continentalcup1=
|continentalcup1 qualifiers=
|continentalcup2=
|continentalcup2 qualifiers=
|league topscorer= {{flagicon|Spain}} [[Juan Francisco García Peña|Juanfri]]
|biggest home win=
|biggest away win=
|highest scoring=
|matches=
|total goals=
|longest wins=
|longest unbeaten=
|longest losses=
|highest attendance=
|lowest attendance=
|average attendance=
|prevseason=2011–12
|nextseason =[[2013–14 Goa Professional League season|2013–14]]
}}

The '''2012–13 Goa Professional League''' (also known as the '''[[Kingfisher (beer)|Kingfisher]] Goa Pro League''' for sponsorship reasons) was the 15th season of top-tier football in the [[India]]n state of [[Goa]]. It began on 1 September 2012.<ref name=GPLKick-Off>{{cite web|last=Choudhury|first=Arunava|title=Goa Pro League to kick-off on September 1|url=http://www.sportskeeda.com/2012/08/10/goa-pro-league-to-kick-off-on-september-1/|work=SportsKeeda|date=10 August 2012 |accessdate=14 August 2012}}</ref> [[Dempo S.C.|Dempo]] were the defending champions.<ref name=GPL2011-12>{{cite web|title=DEMPO DEFEAT SALGAOCAR IN SUPER CUP FINAL|url=http://goa-fa.com/news_disp.php?id=434|work=Goa Football Association|accessdate=14 August 2012|archive-date=24 January 2013|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130124101000/http://goa-fa.com/news_disp.php?id=434|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Teams==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Team
! City/Town
|-
| [[Churchill Brothers S.C.|Churchill Brothers]] || [[Salcete]]
|-
| [[Dempo S.C.|Dempo]] || [[Panaji]]
|-
| Goa Velha || [[Old Goa]]
|-
| Margao || [[Margao]]
|-
| [[Salgaocar S.C.|Salgaocar]] || [[Vasco da Gama, Goa|Vasco da Gama]]
|-
| Santa Cruz Club of Cavelossim || [[Cavelossim]]
|-
| [[SESA F.A.|SESA Football Academy]] || [[Sanquelim]]
|-
| [[Sporting Clube de Goa]] || [[Panaji]]
|-
| [[Vasco S.C.|Vasco]] || [[Vasco da Gama, Goa|Vasco da Gama]]
|-
| Wilred Leisure || [[Curtorim]]
|}
{{clear}}

==First Stage League table==
{{#invoke:sports table|main|style=WDL
|section=First stage
|show_limit=5
|res_col_header=QR
|team1=SAL|name_SAL=[[Salgaocar S.C.|Salgaocar]]
|team2=DEM|name_DEM=[[Dempo S.C.|Dempo]]
|team3=SFA|name_SFA=[[SESA Football Academy|SESA FA]]
|team4=CHU|name_CHU=[[Churchill Brothers S.C.|Churchill Brothers]]
|team5=SPO|name_SPO=[[Sporting Club de Goa]]
|team6=MAR|name_MAR=Margao
|team7=WIL|name_WIL=Wilred Leisure
|team8=VAS|name_VAS=[[Vasco S.C.|Vasco]]
|team9=SCCC|name_SCCC=Santa Cruz Club of Cavelossim
|team10=VEL|name_VEL=Goa Velha
|win_SAL=7|draw_SAL=1|loss_SAL=1|gf_SAL=25|ga_SAL=10
|win_DEM=7|draw_DEM=0|loss_DEM=2|gf_DEM=14|ga_DEM=9
|win_SFA=6|draw_SFA=2|loss_SFA=1|gf_SFA=17|ga_SFA=5
|win_CHU=5|draw_CHU=1|loss_CHU=3|gf_CHU=12|ga_CHU=9
|win_SPO=3|draw_SPO=3|loss_SPO=3|gf_SPO=15|ga_SPO=10
|win_MAR=3|draw_MAR=2|loss_MAR=4|gf_MAR=5|ga_MAR=7
|win_WIL=2|draw_WIL=2|loss_WIL=5|gf_WIL=6|ga_WIL=12
|win_VAS=1|draw_VAS=4|loss_VAS=4|gf_VAS=14|ga_VAS=16
|win_SCCC=1|draw_SCCC=4|loss_SCCC=4|gf_SCCC=10|ga_SCCC=13
|win_VEL=0|draw_VEL=1|loss_VEL=8|gf_VEL=3|ga_VEL=30
|col_C=#ccffcc|text_C=Champion|result1=C
|update=complete
|source=
}}

==Championship League==

===Table===
<onlyinclude>{{#invoke:sports table|main|style=WDL
|section=Championship
|res_col_header=QR

|team1=SPO|name_SPO=[[Sporting Clube de Goa|Sporting Goa]]
|team2=SAL|name_SAL=[[Salgaocar F.C.|Salgaocar]]
|team3=CHU|name_CHU=[[Churchill Brothers S.C.|Churchill Brothers]]
|team4=SESA|name_SESA=[[SESA Football Academy|SESA]]
|team5=DEM|name_DEM=[[Dempo S.C.|Dempo]]

|win_SPO=3|draw_SPO=1|loss_SPO=0|gf_SPO=13|ga_SPO=5
|win_SAL=2|draw_SAL=1|loss_SAL=1|gf_SAL=6|ga_SAL=7
|win_CHU=1|draw_CHU=1|loss_CHU=2|gf_CHU=5|ga_CHU=5
|win_SESA=1|draw_SESA=1|loss_SESA=2|gf_SESA=8|ga_SESA=10
|win_DEM=1|draw_DEM=0|loss_DEM=3|gf_DEM=6|ga_DEM=10

|col_C=#D0F0C0|text_C=Champions
|result1=C
|class_rules=1) points; 2) goal difference; 3) number of goals scored.
|update=26 May 2013
|source=[http://goa-fa.com/league.php?id=1 Goa Football Association]
}}</onlyinclude>

===Fixtures and results===
{{football box collapsible
|date = 21 February 2013
|time = Thursday
|team1 = [[Dempo S.C.|Dempo]]
|score = 0 – 2
|report = [http://www.goal.com/en-india/news/136/india/2013/02/21/3769051/sunil-chhetri-scores-twice-on-churchill-brothers-debut Report]
|team2 = [[Churchill Brothers S.C.|Churchill Brothers]]
|goals1 =
|goals2 = [[Sunil Chhetri|Chhetri]] {{goal|42||56|pen}}
|stadium = Panchayat Ground, [[Raia, Goa|Raia]]
|attendance =
|referee =
}}
{{football box collapsible
|date = 21 February 2013
|time = Thursday
|team1 = [[Salgaocar F.C.|Salgaocar]]
|score = 1 – 1
|report = [http://oheraldo.in/News/Sports/Churchill-Bros-down-Dempo-Salgaocar-rally-to-hold-Sesa/71077.html Report]
|team2 = [[SESA F.A.|SESA]]
|goals1 = [[Josimar da Silva Martins|Josimar]] {{goal|90}}
|goals2 = Kadam {{goal|34}}
|stadium = [[Duler Stadium]], [[Mapusa]]
|attendance =
|referee =
}}
{{football box collapsible
|date = 24 February 2013
|time = Sunday
|team1 = [[SESA F.A.|SESA]]
|score = 2 – 5
|report =[http://www.navhindtimes.in/sports/dempo-regain-top-spot Report]
|team2 = [[Dempo S.C.|Dempo]]
|goals1 = Vaz {{goal|66}} Chukwuma
|goals2 = [[Joy Ferrao|Ferrao]] {{goal|35||53}} [[Romeo Fernandes|Fernandes]] Gonsalves Baretto (own)
|stadium = [[Duler Stadium]], [[Mapusa]]
|attendance =
|referee =
}}
{{football box collapsible
|date = 25 February 2013
|time = Monday
|team1 = [[Sporting Clube de Goa|Sporting Goa]]
|score = 4 – 1
|report =[http://www.navhindtimes.in/sports/sporting-trounce-salgaocar Report]
|team2 = [[Salgaocar F.C.|Salgaocar]]
|goals1 = Peixoto {{goal|18}} [[Juan Francisco García Peña|Juanfri]] (2) [[Ogba Kalu Nnanna|Nnanna]]
|goals2 = [[O. J. Obatola|Obatola]] {{goal|3}}
|stadium = [[Duler Stadium]], [[Mapusa]]
|attendance =
|referee =
}}
{{football box collapsible
|date = 9 April 2013
|time = Tuesday
|team1 = [[Salgaocar F.C.|Salgaocar]]
|score = 2 – 1
|report =[http://oheraldo.in/News/Sports/Salgaocar-FC-go-top/73050.html Report]
|team2 = [[Dempo S.C.|Dempo]]
|goals1 = [[Marcus Mascarenhas|Mascarenhas]] {{goal|49}} [[Gilbert Oliveira|Oliveira]] {{goal|73}}
|goals2 = [[Godwin Franco|Franco]]
|stadium = [[Duler Stadium]], [[Mapusa]]
|attendance =
|referee =
}}
{{football box collapsible
|date = 25 April 2013
|time = Thursday
|team1 = [[Sporting Club de Goa|Sporting Goa]]
|score = 4 – 3
|report =[http://www.oheraldo.in/News/Sports/Sporting-rsquo-s-superb-rally-against-Sesa-FA/73697.html Report]
|team2 = [[SESA F.A.|SESA]]
|goals1 = [[Ogba Kalu Nnanna|Nnanna]] {{goal|68}} [[Juan Francisco García Peña|Juanfri]] {{goal|70}} [[Dawson Fernandes|Fernandes]] {{goal|80}} [[Pratesh Shirodkar|Shirodkar]] {{goal|90}}
|goals2 = Kadam {{goal|2}} Miranda {{goal|49||65}}
|stadium = [[Duler Stadium]], [[Mapusa]]
|attendance =
|referee =
}}
{{football box collapsible
|date = 27 April 2013
|time = Saturday
|team1 = [[Churchill Brothers S.C.|Churchill Brothers]]
|score = 1 – 2
|report =[http://www.oheraldo.in/News/Sports/Salgaocar-clinch-Goa-Pro-League-title/73788.html/ Report]
|team2 = [[Salgaocar F.C.|Salgaocar]]
|goals1 = [[Richard Costa|Costa]] {{goal|65}}
|goals2 = [[O. J. Obatola|Obatola]] {{goal|34}} [[Augustin Fernandes|Fernandes]] {{goal|77}}
|stadium = [[Duler Stadium]], [[Mapusa]]
|attendance =
|referee =
}}
{{football box collapsible
|date = 28 April 2013
|time = Sunday
|team1 = [[Dempo S.C.|Dempo]]
|score = 0 – 4
|report =[http://m.facebook.com/story.php?story_fbid=430731020356148&id=408307215931862&from_feed=1&refid=8&_ft_=qid.5872176860749903394%3Amf_story_key.-815201530658784528/ Report]
|team2 = [[Sporting Clube de Goa|Sporting Goa]]
|goals1 =
|goals2 = Rodrigues {{goal}} [[Victorino Fernandes|Fernandes]] {{goal}} [[Dawson Fernandes|Fernandes]] {{goal}} [[Rowllin Borjes|Borjes]] {{goal}}
|stadium = [[Duler Stadium]], [[Mapusa]]
|attendance =
|referee =
}}
{{football box collapsible
|date = 6 May 2013
|time = Monday
|team1 = [[SESA F.A.|SESA]]
|score = 2 – 1
|report =
|team2 = [[Churchill Brothers S.C.|Churchill Brothers]]
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[Tilak Maidan Stadium]], [[Vasco da Gama, Goa|Vasco da Gama]]
|attendance =
|referee =
}}
{{football box collapsible
|date = 14 May 2013
|time = Tuesday
|team1 = [[Churchill Brothers S.C.|Churchill Brothers]]
|score = 1 – 1
|report =
|team2 = [[Sporting Clube de Goa|Sporting Goa]]
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[Duler Stadium]], [[Mapusa]]
|attendance =
|referee =
}}

===Goalscorers===
'''3 goals:'''
*{{flagicon|Spain}} [[Juan Francisco García Peña|Juanfri]] ([[Sporting Club de Goa|Sporting Goa]])

'''2 goals:'''
{{div col|colwidth=22em}}
*{{flagicon|IND}} [[Sunil Chhetri]] ([[Churchill Brothers S.C.|Churchill Brothers]])
*{{flagicon|IND}} [[Joy Ferrao]] ([[Dempo S.C.|Dempo]])
*{{flagicon|NGA}} [[O. J. Obatola]] ([[Salgaocar F.C.|Salgaocar]])
*{{flagicon|IND}} Yogesh Kadam ([[SESA F.A.|SESA]])
*{{flagicon|IND}} Charles Miranda ([[SESA F.A.|SESA]])
*{{flagicon|Nigeria}} [[Ogba Kalu Nnanna]] ([[Sporting Club de Goa|Sporting Goa]])
*{{flagicon|IND}} [[Dawson Fernandes]] ([[Sporting Club de Goa|Sporting Goa]])
{{div col end}}

'''1 goal:'''
{{div col|colwidth=22em}}
*{{flagicon|IND}} [[Richard Costa]] ([[Churchill Brothers S.C.|Churchill Brothers]])
*{{flagicon|IND}} [[Romeo Fernandes]] ([[Dempo S.C.|Dempo]])
*{{flagicon|IND}} Cliffton Gonsalves ([[Dempo S.C.|Dempo]])
*{{flagicon|IND}} [[Godwin Franco]] ([[Dempo S.C.|Dempo]])
*{{flagicon|BRA}} [[Josimar da Silva Martins]] ([[Salgaocar F.C.|Salgaocar]])
*{{flagicon|IND}} [[Gilbert Oliveira]] ([[Salgaocar F.C.|Salgaocar]])
*{{flagicon|IND}} [[Marcus Mascarenhas]] ([[Salgaocar F.C.|Salgaocar]])
*{{flagicon|IND}} [[Augustin Fernandes]] ([[Salgaocar F.C.|Salgaocar]])
*{{flagicon|NGA}} Chukwudi Chukwuma ([[SESA F.A.|SESA]])
*{{flagicon|IND}} Ponif Vaz ([[SESA F.A.|SESA]])
*{{flagicon|IND}} [[Pratesh Shirodkar]] ([[Sporting Clube de Goa|Sporting Goa]])
*{{flagicon|IND}} Valerio Rodrigues ([[Sporting Club de Goa|Sporting Goa]])
*{{flagicon|IND}} [[Victorino Fernandes]] ([[Sporting Club de Goa|Sporting Goa]])
*{{flagicon|IND}} [[Rowllin Borjes]] ([[Sporting Club de Goa|Sporting Goa]])
{{div col end}}

==Relegation League==

===Table===
<onlyinclude>{{#invoke:sports table|main|style=WDL
|section=Relegation
|res_col_header=QR
|team1=SCCC|name_SCCC=Santa Cruz Club of Cavelossim
|team2=MAR|name_MAR=Margao
|team3=VEL|name_VEL=Goa Velha
|team4=WIL|name_WIL=Wilred Leisure
|team5=VAS|name_VAS=[[Vasco S.C.|Vasco]]
|win_SCCC=4|draw_SCCC=0|loss_SCCC=0|gf_SCCC=8|ga_SCCC=2
|win_MAR=2|draw_MAR=1|loss_MAR=1|gf_MAR=4|ga_MAR=2
|win_VEL=2|draw_VEL=1|loss_VEL=1|gf_VEL=4|ga_VEL=3
|win_WIL=1|draw_WIL=0|loss_WIL=3|gf_WIL=2|ga_WIL=6
|win_VAS=0|draw_VAS=0|loss_VAS=4|gf_VAS=1|ga_VAS=6
|col_R=#FFCCCC|text_R=Relegation|result5=R
|update=10 March 2013
}}</onlyinclude>

===Fixtures and Results===
{{football box collapsible
|date = 11 February 2013
|time = Monday
|team1 = Margao
|score = 2 – 0
|report = [http://www.oheraldo.in/News/sports/Margao-blank-Vasco/70653.html Report]
|team2 = [[Vasco S.C.|Vasco]]
|goals1 = Costa {{goal|37}} Camara {{goal|51}}
|goals2 =
|stadium = Panchayat Ground, [[Raia, Goa|Raia]]
|attendance =
|referee =
}}
{{football box collapsible
|date = 12 February 2013
|time = Tuesday
|team1 = Wilred Leisure
|score = 1 – 3
|report = [http://www.navhindtimes.in/sports/local-sports-scan-231 Report]
|team2 = Cavelossim
|goals1 = Monteiro
|goals2 = Andro [[Angelo D'Souza|D'Souza]] [[Wilton Gomes|Gomes]]
|stadium = [[Duler Stadium]], [[Mapusa]]
|attendance =
|referee =
}}
{{football box collapsible
|date = 15 February 2013
|time = Friday
|team1 = Cavelossim
|score = 2 – 0
|report = [http://www.oheraldo.in/News/Sports/Cavelossim-Goa-Velha-register-wins/70833.html Report]
|team2 = Margao
|goals1 = [[Angelo D'Souza|D'Souza]] {{goal|38}} Samson {{goal|45}}
|goals2 =
|stadium = Panchayat Ground, [[Raia, Goa|Raia]]
|attendance =
|referee =
}}
{{football box collapsible
|date = 15 February 2013
|time = Friday
|team1 = [[Vasco S.C.|Vasco]]
|score = 1 – 2
|report = [http://goa-fa.com/match_report.php?id=132 Report]
|team2 = Goa Velha
|goals1 = [[Elvino Fernandes|Fernandes]] {{goal|18}}
|goals2 = Naik {{goal|32}} Gonsalves {{goal|40}}
|stadium = [[Duler Stadium]], [[Mapusa]]
|attendance =
|referee =
}}
{{football box collapsible
|date = 19 February 2013
|time = Tuesday
|team1 = [[Vasco S.C.|Vasco]]
|score = 0 – 1
|report = [http://www.navhindtimes.in/sports/wilred-leisure-edge-nrb-vasco Report]
|team2 = Wilred Leisure
|goals1 =
|goals2 = Fernandes {{goal|89}}
|stadium = Panchayat Ground, [[Raia, Goa|Raia]]
|attendance =
|referee =
}}
{{football box collapsible
|date = 19 February 2013
|time = Tuesday
|team1 = Margao
|score = 0 – 0
|report = [http://goa-fa.com/match_report.php?id=134 Report]
|team2 = Goa Velha
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[Duler Stadium]], [[Mapusa]]
|attendance =
|referee =
}}
{{football box collapsible
|date = 22 February 2013
|time = Friday
|team1 = Goa Velha
|score = 1 – 0
|report = [http://oheraldo.in/News/Sports/10-man-Goa-Velha-down-Wilred/71202.html Report]
|team2 = Wilred Leisure
|goals1 = Diukar {{goal|11}}
|goals2 =
|stadium = Panchayat Ground, [[Raia, Goa|Raia]]
|attendance =
|referee =
}}
{{football box collapsible
|date = 22 February 2013
|time = Friday
|team1 = Cavelossim
|score = 1 – 0
|report = [http://oheraldo.in/News/Sports/Cavelossim-pile-misery-on-bottom-placed-Vasco/71166.html Report]
|team2 = [[Vasco S.C.|Vasco]]
|goals1 = [[Julius Akpele|Akpele]] {{goal|12}}
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[Duler Stadium]], [[Mapusa]]
|attendance =
|referee =
}}
{{football box collapsible
|date = 26 February 2013
|time = Tuesday
|team1 = Wilred Leisure
|score = 0 – 2
|report = [http://goa-fa.com/match_report.php?id=141 Report]
|team2 = Margao
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[Duler Stadium]], [[Mapusa]]
|attendance =
|referee =
}}
{{football box collapsible
|date = 26 February 2013
|time = Tuesday
|team1 = Goa Velha
|score = 2 – 1
|report = [http://www.navhindtimes.in/sports/pro-league-cavelossim-down-goa-velha Report]
|team2 = Cavelossim
|goals1 = Carvalho {{goal|14}} Fernandes {{goal|72}}
|goals2 = Dias {{goal|82}}
|stadium = Panchayat Ground, [[Raia, Goa|Raia]]
|attendance =
|referee =
}}

===Goalscorers===
'''2 goals:'''
*{{flagicon|IND}} [[Angelo D'Souza]] (Cavelossim)

'''1 goal:'''
{{div col|colwidth=22em}}
*{{flagicon|IND}} Gammy Costa (Margao)
*{{flagicon|IND}} Joel Camara (Margao)
*{{flagicon|IND}} Sectorio Monteiro (Wilred Leisure)
*{{flagicon|IND}} Aliston Fernandes (Wilred Leisure)
*{{flagicon|IND}} Fredrick Endro (Cavelossim)
*{{flagicon|IND}} [[Wilton Gomes]] (Cavelossim)
*{{flagicon|NGA}} [[Julius Akpele]] (Cavelossim)
*{{flagicon|IND}} Joaquim Carvalho (Cavelossim)
*{{flagicon|IND}} Jolex Fernandes (Cavelossim)
*{{flagicon|IND}} Samson Fernandes (Cavelossim)
*{{flagicon|IND}} [[Elvino Fernandes]] ([[Vasco S.C.|Vasco]])
*{{flagicon|IND}} Chatur Naik (Goa Velha)
*{{flagicon|IND}} Nester Dias (Goa Velha)
*{{flagicon|IND}} Alber Gonsalves (Goa Velha)
*{{flagicon|IND}} Saprem Diukar (Goa Velha)
{{div col end}}

==See also==
* [[Goa Football League#Goa Professional League|Goa Professional League]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20120829144129/http://goa-fa.com/league.php?id=1 Goa Pro League page at Goa Football Association website]

{{Goa Professional League}}
{{2012-13 in Indian football}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:2012-13 Goa Professional League season}}
[[Category:Goa Professional League seasons]]
[[Category:2012–13 in Indian football leagues|3]]

Rautela

2026-01-21T18:10:31Z

Felipa7295: Pg!

{{short description|Rajput clan from Kumaon}}
{{pp-extended|small=yes}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2017}}
'''Rautela''' is a [[Rajput]] clan from the [[Kumaon Regiment|Kumaon]] region of [[Uttarakhand]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Sati |first1=Vishwambhar Prasad |title=Natural and Cultural Diversity in the Himalaya |date=9 August 2023 |isbn=9783031393631 |page=70 |publisher=Springer |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vFrQEAAAQBAJ |quote=Pal or Rajwar of Askot, Gaida, Kadakoti, and Karki are the major clans of Suryavanshi Rajputs. Chandravanshi Rajputs include descendants of the Chand dynasty such as Rautela of Sor, Kota, Dhaniakot, and Fadtyal of Kali Kumaon. They are the main Rajput clans of Kumaon.}}</ref>

== History ==
The Rautelas are descendants of the junior members of the [[Chand dynasty]]. Among the [[Chand dynasty|Chands]], the title of the eldest son was Gusain and the younger sons were called Rautela.<ref>{{cite book |title=The Himalayan Gazetteer Volume 3 Part 2 |date=1883 |page=433 |url=https://archive.org/details/1882himalayangazetteervol3pt2/page/432/mode/2up}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Pandey |first1=Badri Datt |title=History of Kumaon: English version of "Kumaon Ka Itihas" |date=1993 |publisher=Shyam Prakashan |isbn=9788185865010 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BXZwQgAACAAJ}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{India-ethno-stub}}

[[Category:Kumaoni Rajputs]]
[[Category:Rajput clans of Uttarakhand]]

Sadda Haq (song)

2026-01-19T10:39:24Z

Felipa7295: added first info added tags.

{{About||the film|Sadda Haq (film)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2018}}
{{Infobox song
| name = Sadda Haq
| cover =
| alt =
| caption = [[Mohit Chauhan]] and [[Ranbir Kapoor]] performing Sadda Haq in the promotional event of [[Rockstar (2011 film)|Rockstar]]
| type =
| artist = [[A.R. Rahman]] featuring [[Mohit Chauhan]], Arpit Gupta
| album = [[Rockstar (soundtrack)|Rockstar]]
| released = 30 September 2011
| format =
| recorded = Panchathan Hollywood Studio, Los Angeles
| studio =
| venue =
| genre = [[Feature film soundtrack]]
| length = 6:05
| label = [[T-Series (company)|T-Series]]
| writer = [[A. R. Rahman]] (composer) [[Irshad Kamil]] (lyricist)
| producer = A. R. Rahman
| misc = {{External music video|1={{YouTube|p9DQINKZxWE|"Sadda Haq"}}}}
}}
"'''Sadda Haq'''" ({{Translation|Our Right}}) is a song composed by [[A. R. Rahman]] for the 2011 Indian musical film ''[[Rockstar (2011 film)|Rockstar]]''. The film stars [[Ranbir Kapoor]] and [[Nargis Fakhri]] in leading roles and is directed by [[Imtiaz Ali (director)|Imtiaz Ali]]. The song features vocals by [[Mohit Chauhan]] and additional vocals by Clinton Cerejo and Arpit Gupta. The song also features [[Orianthi]] as a [[guitarist]].<ref name="Orianthi"/>

The [[hook (music)|hook]], "sadda haq aithe rakh" is [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]] for "give our right, right here (and right now)". MensXP placed the song 2nd on their list of the top 5 [[Hindi]] rock songs.<ref>https://www.mensxp.com/entertainment/bollywood/5893-top-5-bollywood-rock-songs.html</ref>

==Background==
[[File:A.R.Rahman with Orianthi during the recording of Sadda Haq.jpg|thumb|220px|A.R.Rahman with Orianthi during the recording of Sadda Haq]]
According to Rahman, ''Rockstar'' is "a character driven film" and hence he had to make use of rock music and guitars.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/Nothing-gets-Rahman-worked-up/Article1-707089.aspx|title=Nothing gets Rahman worked up|date=June 2011|newspaper=Hindustan Times|accessdate=8 June 2011|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110811155042/http://www.hindustantimes.com/Nothing-gets-Rahman-worked-up/Article1-707089.aspx|archivedate=11 August 2011}}</ref> While working on "Sadda Haq", the team (Rahman, Imtiaz, [[Irshad Kamil]] and [[Mohit Chauhan]]) agreed that they needed a fantastic lead guitarist to justify the tempo and the lyrics of the song.<ref name="Orianthi">[http://www.hindustantimes.com/MJ-s-female-guitarist-strums-for-Rockstar/Article1-751952.aspx "MJ's female guitarist strums for Rockstar"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111005234949/http://www.hindustantimes.com/MJ-s-female-guitarist-strums-for-Rockstar/Article1-751952.aspx |date=2011-10-05 }}</ref>

==Recording==

Rahman recorded the song in his [[Los Angeles]] studio. [[Mohit Chauhan]] says, "I spent an entire day trying to record Sadda Haq with Rahman saab, and a sweet boy, Arpit Gupta, who helped me learn a rock tone. The next day, I did a take when he was yet to arrive and it sounded perfect."<ref>[http://movies.ndtv.com/movie_story.aspx?ID=ENTEN20110187265&subcatg=MUSICINDIA&keyword=music&nid=146321&cp "Emotional turmoil essential for good music: Rahman"]. [[NDTV]]. 2 November 2011. Accessed 8 November 2011.</ref><ref name=skype>{{cite web|title=AR Rahman records with Michael Jackson's lead guitarist for Rockstar|url=http://www.businessofcinema.com/news.php?newsid=19126|work=1 October 2011|publisher=Businessofcinema.com|accessdate=12 October 2011}}</ref>

==Music video==
[[File:Saadda Haq, Rockstar.jpg|thumb|Ranbir Kapoor performing the song in the film.]]
The music video has [[Ranbir Kapoor]] performing in front of a live audience. The video was shot mainly at the Norbulingka monastery in [[McLeod Ganj]], [[Dharamsala, Himachal Pradesh|Dharamsala]], Antonio De Souza High School in [[Mumbai]] and at Central Park in [[Connaught Place, New Delhi|Connaught Place]], [[Delhi]], showcasing the band performing to a packed audience.<ref name=saddahaq>{{cite news|title=Delhi band rocks with Ranbir|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/Delhi-band-rocks-with-Ranbir/Article1-752394.aspx|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111004142714/http://www.hindustantimes.com/Delhi-band-rocks-with-Ranbir/Article1-752394.aspx|url-status=dead|archive-date=4 October 2011|accessdate=3 October 2011|newspaper=[[Hindustan Times]]|date=1 October 2011}}</ref><ref name="Tibet"/> A group of 200 performers from [[Shimla]] who had worked with [[Imtiaz Ali (director)|Imtiaz Ali]] during the shoot of "Yeh Ishq Hai" from ''[[Jab We Met]]'' teamed up for Sadda Haq too. "While shooting for Rockstar in [[Dharamshala]] Antonio Desouza high school for a concert sequence for Sadda Haq, Imtiaz suggested calling the same group of performers from [[Shimla]] with whom he had worked during [[Jab We Met]],” says a source from the production team."<ref>[https://archive.today/20130125154702/http://www.hindustantimes.com/Imtiaz-teams-up-with-200-dancers/Article1-758706.aspx "Imtiaz teams up with 200 dancers"]</ref>

Ranbir had travelled to [[Chennai]] and stayed with Rahman for a week in order to "feel the song imbibe and absorb it" so that when he finally performs it, the song would be an "extension of his personality."<ref>[https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/award/filmfare-award/2011-2/ "Ranbir Kapoor rushes to Chennai for the recording of climax song of Rockstar"]. [[Bollywood Hungama]]. 18 April 2011. Retrieved 9 May 2011.</ref>

==Reception==
The song received immense critical praise. Mitesh Saraf of Planet Bollywood wrote, "It’s mad, it’s wild, and it’s strangely catchy, Sadda Haq, Aithe Rakh portrays the anguish and audacious Janardan (the protagonist of the movie, played by [[Ranbir Kapoor]]) in the movie and is no short of being an anthem in the coming days, especially in case of protests. It takes a bit (1.30 minutes) of time to set the mood and the high point comes in the form of some bold lyrics thrown at society with [[Mohit Chauhan]] in a never-heard before high pitched voice which leaves the listeners stunned. The highly energetic Electric Guitar (Kudos to Rahman for selecting Orianthi) and Drums ([[Ranjit Barot]]) provides an adrenalin rush and sweeps you off your feet."<ref>[http://www.planetbollywood.com/displayReview.php?id=m100111070738 "Music Review"]</ref>

== Accolades ==
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Award Ceremony
!Category
!Recipient
!Result
!Reference(s)
|-
| rowspan="3" |[[4th Mirchi Music Awards|2011]]
| rowspan="3" |[[Mirchi Music Awards]]
|[[Mirchi Music Award for Song of The Year|Song of the Year]]
| -
| {{nom}}
| rowspan="3" | <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.radiomirchi.com/mma2011/hindi/nominees.php|title=Nominations - Mirchi Music Award Hindi 2011|date=30 January 2013|access-date=24 May 2018|url-status=bot: unknown|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130130161203/http://www.radiomirchi.com/mma2011/hindi/nominees.php|archivedate=30 January 2013|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.radiomirchi.com/mma2011/hindi/winners.php|title=Winners - Mirchi Music Awards 2011|last=|first=|date=|website=|access-date=}}</ref>
|-
|[[Mirchi Music Award for Male Vocalist of The Year|Male Vocalist of The Year]]
| [[Mohit Chauhan]]
| {{nom}}
|-
|[[Mirchi Music Award for Music Composer of The Year|Music Composer of The Year]]
|[[A.R Rahman]]
| {{nom}}
|}

==Controversies==
Major parts of the song video were shot at the Norbulingka monastery in [[McLeod Ganj]], [[Dharamsala, Himachal Pradesh|Dharamsala]]. People waving the [[Flag of Tibet|Free Tibet flag]] in the backdrop was shown in the song video. This triggered a dispute between [[Central Board of Film Certification]] and Imtiaz Ali when the Board ordered Ali to blur the flag and Free Tibet slogan before the film hit the theatre, but the director refused to do it. Imtiaz Ali said, "I am not concerned at all. I have been out of India for long and don’t know what's going on, but I don’t see anything controversial in the intention portrayal in the movie. The purpose of the movie is not to make any social message, it's more about personal freedom rather than a geographical issue."<ref name="Tibet">[http://www.indiablooms.com/BollywoodDetailsPage/2011/bollywoodDetails091111c.php "'Sadda Haq' drags Imtiaz to controversy"]. IndiaBlooms. 9 November 2011. Retrieved 11 November 2011.</ref> However, Ali had to remove the sequence from the video to get the film's censor done. Later an official from the Board revealed: "The Censor Board chief explained to them that all the cuts were made by the director voluntarily, and he had the option of appealing to a review board which he didn’t do. There were certain discussions between (Imtiaz) Ali and the Board regarding retaining a kiss between two actors (Ranbir and Nargis), but there have been no disagreement regarding deleting the flag from the frames." Deletion of the Tibetan flag from the video caused wide protests in [[Tibet]], [[Dharamsala, Himachal Pradesh|Dharamsala]] and [[Chennai]].<ref>[http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report_tibetans-in-chennai-protest-against-deletion-of-scenes-in-rockstar_1610634 "Tibetans in Chennai protest against deletion of scenes in Rockstar"] 10 November 2011. Retrieved 19 November 2011</ref><ref>[http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report_protests-over-tibetan-flag-deletion-in-film-continue_1610793 "Protests over Tibetan flag deletion In film continue"]</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:2011 songs]]
[[Category:Songs with music by A. R. Rahman]]
[[Category:Songs written for Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:Songs in Hindi]]
[[Category:Songs with lyrics by Irshad Kamil]]

Car Nicobar-class patrol vessel

2026-01-02T20:46:52Z

Felipa7295: added references

{{Short description|Type of Indian naval vessel}}
{{Use British English|date=March 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2020}}
{{Infobox ship
|section1={{Infobox ship/image
| image = INS Tarmugli (T91) near Visakhapatnam port.jpg
| image_caption = INS ''Tarmugli'' (T91) near [[Visakhapatnam]] port.
}}

|section2={{Infobox ship/class overview
| name = ''Car Nicobar'' class
| builders = [[Garden Reach Shipbuilders and Engineers]]
| operators = *{{navy|India}}
*{{flagicon|Maldives}} [[Maldivian Coast Guard]]
| class_before = {{sclass|Bangaram|patrol vessel|4}}
| class_after = [[Next Generation Fast Attack Crafts | NGFAC Class]]
| subclasses =
| cost = * {{INRConvert|500|c|year=2007|lk=on}} overall cost
* {{INRConvert|35|c|year=2007|lk=on}} for each ship
| built_range = 2007–2017
| in_service_range =
| in_commission_range = 2009-present
| total_ships_building =
| total_ships_planned = 14
| total_ships_completed = 14
| total_ships_canceled =
| total_ships_active = * 13 {{navy|India}}
* 1 {{flagicon|Maldives}} [[Maldivian Coast Guard]]
| total_ships_laid_up =
| total_ships_lost =
| total_ships_retired = 0
| total_ships_preserved =
}}

|section3={{Infobox ship/characteristics
| hide_header =
| header_caption =
| type = [[Fast attack craft]]
| displacement = *''Fleet I'': {{cvt|293|t}}<ref name="jfs-1617">{{cite book|editor1-last=Saunders|editor1-first=Stephen|editor1-mask=Commodore Stephen Saunders|title=Jane's Fighting Ships 2016–2017|date=2016|publisher=[[Jane's Information Group]]|location=Coulsdon|isbn=978-0710631855|page=357|edition=119th|chapter=India}}</ref>
*''Fleet II'': {{cvt|315|t}}<ref name="jdw-1jul15" />
| length = {{cvt|48.9|m|ftin}}<ref name="jfs-1617"/>
| beam = {{cvt|7.5|m|ftin}}<ref name="jfs-1617"/>
| height =
| draught = {{cvt|2.1|m|ftin}}<ref name="jfs-1617"/>
| draft =
| depth =
| hold_depth =
| decks =
| deck_clearance =
| ramps =
| ice_class =
| power =
| propulsion = *3 × MTU 16V 4000 M90 diesel engines, {{cvt|11,238|PS}}
*3 × Hamilton HM811 waterjets<ref name="jfs-1617"/>
| speed = {{cvt|35|kn|lk=in}}<ref name="jfs-1617"/>
| range = {{cvt|2000|nmi}} at {{cvt|13|kn}}<ref name="jfs-1617"/>
| troops =
| complement =
| crew = 29 including 6 officers<ref name="jfs-1617"/>
| time_to_activate =
| sensors = *Navigation radar
* LINK II tactical datalink and satellite communication (SATCOM) to [[GSAT-7|Rukmani]]<ref name="jdw-1jul15" />
* Surface search radar<ref name="jfs-1617"/>
| EW =
| armament = * 1 × [[CRN 91 Naval Gun|CRN-91]] 30mm [[autocannon]]<ref name="jfs-1617"/>
* [[9K38 Igla|Igla]] SA-18 [[surface-to-air missile|SAM]]<ref name="jdw-1jul15" />
* 2 × 12.7 mm [[heavy machine gun|HMGs]]<ref name="jfs-1617"/>
| armour =
| aircraft =
| aircraft_facilities =
| notes =
}}
}}

The '''''Car Nicobar'' class''' of high-speed [[offshore patrol vessel]]s are built by [[Garden Reach Shipbuilders and Engineers]] (GRSE) for the [[Indian Navy]]. The vessels are designed as a cost-effective platform for patrol, anti-piracy and rescue operations in [[India]]'s [[Exclusive Economic Zone#India|exclusive economic zone]]. In 2023, one of the ships, INS Tarmugli, was donated to the [[Maldivian Coast Guard]].<ref name="thehindu.com">{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Visakhapatnam/eastern-naval-command-bids-farewell-to-ins-tarmugli-in-visakhapatnam/article66711727.ece|title=Eastern Naval Command bids farewell to INS Tarmugli in Visakhapatnam|newspaper=The Hindu |date=7 April 2023}}</ref><ref name="economictimes.indiatimes.com">{{cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/rajnath-singh-hands-over-fast-patrol-vessel-landing-craft-assault-ship-to-maldives/articleshow/99936343.cms?from=mdr|title=Rajnath Singh hands over Fast Patrol Vessel, Landing Craft Assault ship to Maldives|newspaper=The Economic Times |date=2 May 2023}}</ref>

The class and its vessels are named for Indian islands. They are the first [[water jet (propulsion)|water jet-propelled]] vessels of the Indian Navy.<ref name=id-rep4229>{{cite web|url=http://www.india-defence.com/reports-4229|title=Indian Navy to Commission INS Carnicobar, INS Chetlat|publisher=India Defence|date=16 February 2009|access-date=16 September 2011|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110814060245/http://www.india-defence.com/reports-4229|archive-date=14 August 2011}}</ref>

Unlike the [[United States Coast Guard]]'s similarly sized [[Sentinel class cutters]], the class is propelled by water jets, at up to {{convert|35|knots|kph}}, where the American patrol vessels conventional propulsion systems maximum stated speed is {{convert|28|knots|kph}}. Both classes have a mission endurance of {{convert|2000|nmi|km}}.

INS ''Kalpeni'' (T-75) visited the [[Port of Colombo]], [[Sri Lanka]] from 19 to 21 October 2024 as a part of Operational Turnaround. The ship with a 70-member was commanded by [[Lieutenant commander|Lieutenant Commander]] Sunil K Kulhari.<ref>{{Cite web |last=PTI |date=2024-10-19 |title=Indian navy fast attack craft INS Kalpeni arrives in Colombo |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/world/indian-navy-fast-attack-craft-ins-kalpeni-arrives-in-colombo-3239948 |access-date=2024-10-20 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref>

==Design==
The ''Car Nicobar''-class vessels were designed and built by GRSE. Production of the class was fast tracked after the [[2008 Mumbai attacks]]. The vessels feature improved habitability with fully air-conditioned modular accommodation, on board [[reverse osmosis]] plant for [[desalination]], and a [[sewage treatment]] plant.<ref name=id-rep4229/><ref name=bl-rajabagan>{{cite news |url = http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/blnus/14161631.htm |title = GRSE delivers two warships from Rajabagan Dockyard |newspaper = The Hindu Business Line |access-date = 16 September 2011 }}{{dead link|date=October 2017 |bot=Adamgerber80 |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

The vessels are each powered by three HamiltonJet HM811 water jets, coupled with MTU 16V 4000 M90 engines, delivering a combined {{convert|8160|kW|abbr=on}} of power. An aluminium [[superstructure]] reduces weight and is designed to reduce radar cross-section.

As patrol vessels, they are lightly armed. They carry various sensors, including the Furuno navigation radar and sonar. Armament on board includes a 30 mm [[CRN 91 Naval Gun|CRN-91]] [[automatic cannon]] with an electronic day-night fire control system of [[Ordnance Factories Organisation|Ordnance Factory Board]] (OFB) and [[Bharat Electronics Limited]] (BEL) origin. The vessels also mount two 12.7 mm [[heavy machine gun]]s (HMG) and multiple medium machine guns, besides carrying shoulder-launched [[9K38 Igla|Igla]] [[surface-to-air missile]]s to combat aerial threats.

The first two vessels commissioned were initially restricted to speeds up to {{convert|27|kn|lk=in}} due to deficiency in the gearboxes, which was later rectified by KPCL. INS ''Kabra'', the eighth in the class, has a top speed of more than {{convert|35|kn}}. The improved maneuverability and speed allows these vessels to have high-speed interdiction of fast-moving targets.<ref name=hindu_commissioned/>

The last four ships are an improved variant of the ''Car Nicobar''-class patrol boats and have been dubbed 'follow on waterjet fast attack craft' (FOWJFAC) by the Indian Navy. Improvements include an enhanced electrical power generation capacity of 280 kW and twice the reverse osmosis (RO) capacity at 4 tonnes per day.<ref name="jdw-1jul15">{{cite news |last1=Mazumdar |first1=Mrityunjoy |title=GRSE launches three fast attack craft for Indian Navy |url=https://www.janes.com/article/52703/grse-launches-three-fast-attack-craft-for-indian-navy |work=IHS Jane's Defence Weekly |date=1 July 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150705010451/https://www.janes.com/article/52703/grse-launches-three-fast-attack-craft-for-indian-navy |archive-date=5 July 2015}}</ref>

==Ships in the class==

{| class="wikitable"
!Yard No.
!Name
!Pennant number
!Builder
!Launched
!Commissioned
!Homeport
!Status
|-
!colspan=8 | {{navy|India}}
|-
! colspan=9 | '''Fleet I'''
|-
| 2057
| ''Car Nicobar''
| T69
| rowspan=10|{{align|center|[[GRSE]]}}
| 23 November 2007
| 16 February 2009
|[[Chennai]]
|Active
|-
| 2058
| ''Chetlat''
| T70
| 27 November 2007
| 16 February 2009
|Port blair
|Active<ref>{{cite web |url=http://pib.nic.in/release/release.asp?relid=47493 |title=Commissioning of INS Carnicobar & INS Chetlat |publisher=Government of India |date=13 February 2009 |access-date=30 September 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303194156/http://pib.nic.in/release/release.asp?relid=47493 |archive-date=3 March 2016}}</ref>
|-
| 2059
| ''Cora Divh''<ref>[http://www.grse.nic.in/events10.htm Launching Ceremony of Kora Divh(Yard-2059) and Cheriyam (Yard-2060) on 16 Jul 2008] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719194855/http://www.grse.nic.in/events10.htm |date=19 July 2011 }}</ref>
| T71
| 16 July 2008
| 10 September 2009
|[[Port Blair|Sri Vijaya Puram]]
|Active
|-
| 2060
| ''Cheriyam''
| T72
| 16 July 2008
| 10 September 2009
|[[Port Blair|Sri Vijaya Puram]]
|Active<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dailyindia.com/show/333266.php |title=Indian Navy inducts two fast attack crafts to boost surveillance |publisher=Daily India |access-date=30 September 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006074327/http://www.dailyindia.com/show/333266.php |archive-date=6 October 2014}}</ref>
|-
| 2061
| ''Cankarso''
| T73
| 27 March 2009
| 29 June 2010
|[[Goa]]
|Active<ref>[http://www.grse.nic.in/events3-27.htm Launching Ceremony of Cankarso (Yard 2061), Kondul (Yard 2062), Kalpeni (Yard 2063) on 27 Mar 09] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090619085344/http://www.grse.nic.in/events3-27.htm |date=19 June 2009 }}</ref>
|-
| 2062
| ''Kondul''
| T74
| 27 March 2009
| 29 June 2010
|Goa
|Active
|-
| 2063
| ''Kalpeni''
| T75
| 27 March 2009
| 14 October 2010
|[[Kochi]]
| Active
|-
| 2064
| {{INS|Kabra|T76|2}}
| T76
| 29 March 2010<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.grse.nic.in/Launching.pdf|title=Simultaneous launching of three Waterjet Fast Attack Crafts
|access-date=7 February 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719195113/http://www.grse.nic.in/Launching.pdf |archive-date=19 July 2011 }}</ref>
| 8 June 2011<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ibnlive.in.com/generalnewsfeed/news/indian-naval-ship-kabra-commissioning-on-jun-8/715919.html |title=Indian Naval ship Kabra commissioning on Jun 8 |publisher=IBNLive.in.com |date=6 June 2011 |access-date=30 September 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121015171010/http://ibnlive.in.com/generalnewsfeed/news/indian-naval-ship-kabra-commissioning-on-jun-8/715919.html |archive-date=15 October 2012 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>
|Kochi
| Active
|-
| 2065
| ''Koswari''
| T77
| 29 March 2010
| 12 July 2011<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.irna.ir/ENNewsShow.aspx?NID=30474552&SRCH=1 |title=Indian Navy commissions Fast attack craft INS Koswari |access-date=12 July 2011 |archive-date=28 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230528063053/https://www.irna.ir/ENNewsShow.aspx?NID=30474552&SRCH=1 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|Karwar
| Active
|-
| 2066
| ''Karuva''
| T78
| 29 March 2010
| 25 August 2011
| Port Blair
| Active<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/186232/fast-attack-warship-ins-karuva.html |title=Fast attack warship INS Karuva commissioned |newspaper=Deccan Herald|access-date=30 September 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006082006/http://www.deccanherald.com/content/186232/fast-attack-warship-ins-karuva.html |archive-date=6 October 2014}}</ref>
|-
! colspan=9 | '''Fleet II: FOWJFAC<ref name="jdw-1jul15" />'''
|-
| 2110
| {{INS|Tillanchang|T92|2}}
| T92
| rowspan=3|{{align|center|[[GRSE]]}}
| 30 June 2015
| 9 March 2017<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/ins-tillanchang-commissioned-to-indian-navy-by-vice-admiral-girish-luthra/580582/|title=INS Tillanchang commissioned to Indian Navy by Vice Admiral Girish Luthra|date=2017-03-09|work=The Financial Express|access-date=2017-03-09|language=en-US|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170311184847/http://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/ins-tillanchang-commissioned-to-indian-navy-by-vice-admiral-girish-luthra/580582/|archive-date=11 March 2017}}</ref>
|Karwar
| Active
|-
| 2111
| {{INS|Tihayu|T93|2}}
| T93
| 30 June 2015
| 19 October 2016<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/ins-tihayu-commissioned/article9238836.ece|title=INS Tihayu commissioned|last=Bhattacharjee|first=Sumit|date=2016-10-19|newspaper=The Hindu|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X|access-date=2016-10-19|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161020153450/http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/ins-tihayu-commissioned/article9238836.ece|archive-date=20 October 2016}}</ref>
|Visakhapatnam
|Active
|-
| 2112
| {{INS|Tarasa|T94|2}}
| T94
| 30 June 2016<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://indiannavy.nic.in/content/launch-grse-yards-2112-fo-wjfac|title=Launch of GRSE Yards 2112 (FO-WJFAC) {{!}} Indian Navy|website=indiannavy.nic.in|access-date=2016-06-30|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160701140740/http://indiannavy.nic.in/content/launch-grse-yards-2112-fo-wjfac|archive-date=1 July 2016}}</ref>
|26 September 2017<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.janes.com/article/74407/indian-navy-commissions-fourth-improved-car-nicobar-class-patrol-vessel|title=Indian Navy commissions fourth improved Car Nicobar-class patrol vessel {{!}} Jane's 360|website=www.janes.com|access-date=2017-09-26|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170926201133/http://www.janes.com/article/74407/indian-navy-commissions-fourth-improved-car-nicobar-class-patrol-vessel|archive-date=26 September 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/ins-tarasa-commissioned-into-indian-navy/articleshow/60841628.cms|title=INS Tarasa commissioned into Indian Navy|date=2017-09-26|work=The Economic Times|access-date=2017-09-26|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170927003938/http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/ins-tarasa-commissioned-into-indian-navy/articleshow/60841628.cms|archive-date=27 September 2017}}</ref>
| Mumbai
|Active
|-
!colspan=8 | {{flagicon|Maldives}} [[Maldivian Coast Guard]]
|-
! colspan=9 | '''Fleet II'''
|-
| 2109
| MCGS Huravee (formerly {{INS|Tarmugli|T91|2}})
|
| rowspan=1|{{align|center|[[GRSE]]}}
| 30 June 2015
| 23 May 2016
|
|Transferred to [[Maldivian Coast Guard]] and commissioned on 2 May 2023 as MCGS Huravee<ref name="thehindu.com"/><ref name="economictimes.indiatimes.com"/>
|}

==Operations==
INS ''Car Nicobar'' and INS ''Chetlat'' are based in [[Chennai]] under India's Eastern Naval Command.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.hindu.com/2009/02/17/stories/2009021757620100.htm |title=Indigenously designed Fast Attack Crafts commissioned |date=17 February 2009 |access-date=30 September 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121103212149/http://www.hindu.com/2009/02/17/stories/2009021757620100.htm |newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |archive-date=3 November 2012}}</ref>

INS ''Cankarso'' and INS ''Kondul'' are based in [[Goa]] under the Western Naval Command.{{Citation needed|date=May 2023}}

INS ''Kalpeni'' is based in [[Kochi]] under the Southern Naval Command.<ref name=kondul>[http://www.grse.nic.in/Handing%20over%20of%20WJFAC.pdf Handing over of WJFAC, Yd No. 2063 (Kalpeni) – 25 Aug 10] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719194935/http://www.grse.nic.in/Handing%20over%20of%20WJFAC.pdf |date=19 July 2011 }}</ref>

===Operation Island Watch===
In January 2011, as a part of ''Operation Island Watch'', INS ''Cankarso'' and INS ''Kalpeni'' were deployed on anti-piracy patrol to the west of the [[Lakshadweep]] archipelago.{{Citation needed|date=May 2023}} On 28 January, ''Cankarso'' responded to a [[Mayday (distress signal)|''Mayday'']] call from a [[container ship]]. Upon reaching the site, she saw [[Somali pirate]] [[skiff]]s being hoisted aboard a hijacked [[Thailand|Thai]] [[fishing trawler]], ''Prantalay 14'', which was being used as a pirate [[mother ship]].<ref name=hindu_commissioned>{{cite news|title=Fast Attack Craft INS Kabra commissioned|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/article2088393.ece|access-date=21 June 2012|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=9 June 2011|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110610182911/http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/article2088393.ece|archive-date=10 June 2011}}</ref><ref name=csm>{{cite news |url=https://www.csmonitor.com/World/Asia-South-Central/2011/0207/India-pushes-back-on-Somali-pirates-new-mother-ship-offensive |title=India pushes back on Somali pirates' new 'mother ship' offensive |publisher=CSMonitor.com |date=7 February 2011 |access-date=30 September 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006102250/http://www.csmonitor.com/World/Asia-South-Central/2011/0207/India-pushes-back-on-Somali-pirates-new-mother-ship-offensive |archive-date=6 October 2014}}</ref>

''Cankarso'' ordered the pirated ship to stop for inspection. The pirates on board fired on ''Cankarso'' as they tried to flee west towards [[Somalia]]. ''Cankarso'' returned the fire, which hit some of the fuel drums stored on ''Prantalay 14''{{'}}s deck for refuelling the skiffs. The mother ship was set ablaze and sank, even as ''Kalpeni'' and an [[Indian Coast Guard]] patrol vessel, ICGS ''Sankalp'', reached the site. 15 pirates were arrested, and the 20 crew of the fishing trawler were all rescued unharmed.<ref name=mb>{{cite web |url=http://www.marinebuzz.com/2011/01/30/pirate-mother-ship-prantalay-sinks-off-lakshadweep-during-anti-piracy-operations-by-india/ |title=Pirate Mother Ship Prantalay Sinks off Lakshadweep during Anti Piracy Operations by India |publisher=MarineBuzz.com |date=30 January 2011 |access-date=30 September 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160403182538/http://www.marinebuzz.com/2011/01/30/pirate-mother-ship-prantalay-sinks-off-lakshadweep-during-anti-piracy-operations-by-india/ |archive-date=3 April 2016}}</ref>

In another operation on 13 March 2011, an Indian Navy patrol aircraft spotted the [[Mozambique]]-registered fishing vessel, ''Vega 5'', when responding to a merchant ship reporting a pirate attack. [[Beira, Mozambique|Beira-based]] ''Vega 5'', owned by Spanish company [[Pescanova|Pescamar Lda]], had been captured on 27 December 2010 by pirates who were demanding US$1.8 million in ransom.<ref name=aa-vega5>{{cite web |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201102070657.html |publisher=allAfrica.com |title=Mozambique: Pirates Demand Ransom, Say 'Vega 5' Relatives |date=6 February 2011 |access-date=30 September 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121019031255/http://allafrica.com/stories/201102070657.html |archive-date=19 October 2012}}</ref> INS ''Kalpeni'' intercepted the pirated ship about {{convert|1100|km|mi}} off Kochi on India's west coast. A fire broke out on the vessel when ''Kalpeni'' returned fired after being fired upon by the pirates. 61 pirates were rescued and arrested after they jumped into the Arabian Sea to escape the fire. The crew of ''Kalpeni'' put out the fire on board ''Vega 5'', rescued her 13 crew members and escorted her to [[Mumbai]]. [[Rocket-propelled grenade]]s and over 80 [[assault rifle]]s were recovered from the pirates.<ref name=dna-vega>{{cite news |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report_navy-intercepts-pirate-ship-13-crew-rescued-61-brigands-held_1519685 |title=Indian Navy captures 61 pirates, rescues 13 sailors |newspaper=DNA India |date=14 March 2011 |access-date=30 September 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130314232417/http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report_navy-intercepts-pirate-ship-13-crew-rescued-61-brigands-held_1519685 |archive-date=14 March 2013}}</ref><ref name=db-20110313>{{cite web |url=http://www.dailybreeze.com/latestnews/ci_17611248 |title=Indian navy captures 61 pirates |publisher=The Daily Breeze News |date=13 March 2011 |access-date=20 September 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130524185127/http://www.dailybreeze.com/latestnews/ci_17611248 |archive-date=24 May 2013}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[List of active Indian Navy ships]]

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

==External links==
{{commons category|Car Nicobar class patrol vessels}}
* [http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/NAVY/Ships/Active/201-Car-Nicobar-Class.html Car Nicobar Class – Bharat Rakshak] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111016044836/http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/NAVY/Ships/Active/201-Car-Nicobar-Class.html |date=16 October 2011 }}
* [https://archive.today/20130203183355/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1071128/asp/calcutta/story_8599567.asp New age ship for patrol]

===Video===
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ys5sRVuIMTM INS Cankarso - Comprehensive Review by Autocar India]
* [http://specials.rediff.com/news/2008/jul/17video1.htm Indian Navy adds new warships]

===Images===
* [http://www.grse.nic.in/events10.htm Commissioning ceremony of INS Kora Divh and INS Cheriyam]
* [http://pib.nic.in/release/phsmall.asp?phid=22108 Governor taking salute during commissioning ceremony]
* [http://pib.nic.in/release/phsmall.asp?phid=22110 INS Car Nicobar during commissioning ceremony]
* [http://pib.nic.in/release/phsmall.asp?phid=22111 INS Chetlat during commissioning ceremony]

{{Ship classes of the Indian Navy}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Car Nicobar Class Fast Attack Craft}}
[[Category:Car Nicobar-class patrol vessels| ]]
[[Category:Ships built in India]]
[[Category:Patrol boat classes]]

P. V. Abdul Wahab

2025-12-06T14:44:35Z

Felipa7295: improve structure also and updated info after review

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2019}}
{{Family name hatnote|Pulikkal Veetti|lang=Malayali}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = P. V. Abdul Wahab
| image = PV Abdul Wahab MP Photo.jpg
| caption = Wahab in 2018
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1950|7|1|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Nilambur]], [[India]]
| death_date =
| death_place =
| office = [[Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha]]
| constituency = [[List of Rajya Sabha members from Kerala|Kerala]]
| term_start = 22 April 2015
| term_end =
| predecessor =
| successor =
| constituency1 = [[Kerala]]
| term_start1 = 2004
| term_end1 = 2010
| predecessor1 =
| successor1 =
| nationality = [[Indian people|Indian]]
| party = [[Indian Union Muslim League]]
| profession =
| spouse = Yasmine Wahab
| children =
| footnotes =
| date =
| year =
| source =
| parents = * P. V. Alavikutty (father)
* V. Fathima
| alma_mater = * [[Dr. Gafoor Memorial MES Mampad College]]
}}

'''Pulikkal Veettil Abdul Wahab''' (born 1 July 1950) is an Indian entrepreneur, politician and philanthropist from [[Nilambur]], [[Malappuram]]. He currently serves as a [[Member of Parliament (India)|Member of Parliament]] from [[Kerala]] in the [[Rajya Sabha|Rajya Sabha (the Council of States or the Upper House)]].<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":0">{{Cite news |date=4 April 2015 |title=IUML names PV Abdul Wahab as its Rajya Sabha Candidate |work=Mathrubhumi |url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/news/kerala/iuml-names-p-v-abdul-wahab-as-its-rajya-sabha-candidate-1.185338}}</ref> He is also a non-resident Indian businessman with activities in India and the [[Middle East]].<ref name="NRII">{{cite web |date=13 March 2004 |title=N R I Businessman, Richest M P - aspirant in Kerala's Electoral History |url=https://www.nriinternet.com/NRIpoliticians/INDIA/AbdulForMP/index.htm |website=N R I Internet}}</ref>

Wahab also serves as the Treasurer, [[Indian Union Muslim League]] and Leader, Indian Union Muslim League in [[Rajya Sabha]]. He has been elected as Member of [[Rajya Sabha]] from [[Kerala]] thrice (2004–10, 2015–21, and 2021 to the present).<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=P. V. Abdul Wahab |url=https://rajyasabha.nic.in/Members/Alphabetical |website=Rajyasabha}}</ref> He is currently a member of the Parliamentary Committee on External Affairs.<ref name=":1" />

==Life and career==
Wahab was born on 1 July 1950 to P. V. (Pulikkal Veettil) Alavikutty and Varikkodan Fathima at [[Nilambur]] in northern Kerala.<ref name=":1" /> He was educated at Government Manavedan High School, Nilambur and M. E. S College, Mampad.

He is married to Yasmine from 1976 and the couple has four sons.<ref name=":1" /> He was first elected to the [[Rajya Sabha]] in 2004.<ref name=":1" />

=== Parliamentary committees ===

* Committee on Social Justice and Empowerment (2004–2010)<ref name=":1" />
* Committee on Rules (2015–2018)<ref name=":1" />
* Committee on Chemicals and Fertilizers (2015–2019)<ref name=":1" />
* Railway Convention Committee (2016–2019)<ref name=":1" />
* Committee on External Affairs (2019–2021)<ref name=":1" />
* Committee on Industry (2021–2022)<ref name=":1" />

=== Consultative Committees ===

* Consultative Committee for the Ministry of Civil Aviation (2004–2010)<ref name=":1" />
* Consultative Committee for the Ministry of Human Resource Development (2015–2019)<ref name=":1" />
* Consultative Committee for the Ministry of Minority Affairs (2019–2021)<ref name=":1" />

=== Business portfolio ===

* Head, Peevees and Bridgeway Group (in India, United Arab Emirates, Qatar and Saudi Arabia)<ref name="Bloomberg">{{cite web |title=Executive Profile: P. V. Abdul Wahab |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/research/stocks/private/person.asp?personId=85148010&privcapId=49340722 |publisher=Bloomberg}}</ref>
* Chairman, Indus Motors, Kerala<ref name=":1" />
* Director, Malabar Institute of Medical Sciences<ref name="Bloomberg" />
* Director, Feroke Boards, [[Kozhikode]]<ref name="Bloomberg" />
* Director, Cheraman Financial Services<ref name="Bloomberg" />
* Centre Square Shopping Mall, Cochin
* Amal College of Advanced Studies, Nilambur

=== Social profile ===

* Chairman, Peevees Charitable Trust<ref name=":1" />
* Chairman, Keraleeyam (an NGO for [[HIV]] affected people)<ref name=":1" />
* Chairman, Calicut Airport Development Committee, 1994–2004<ref name=":1" />
* Chairman, Jan Sikshan Sansthan (an NGO sponsored by the Ministry of Human Resource Development)<ref name=":1" />
*Patron, Nilambur Orphanage<ref name=":1" />
*President, Peevees Schools<ref name=":1" />
*Member
**Islamic Chair, [[Calicut University]]<ref name=":1" />
**Kerala State Haj Committee, Kozhikode.<ref name=":1" />
**Kerala Waqf Board, Kochi.<ref name=":1" />
**Chairman, Malabar Airport Development Action Committee (MADAC)<ref name="NRII" />
**Malabar Development Board<ref name="NRII" />
**Malabar Chamber of Commerce<ref name="NRII" />
**Rajiv Gandhi International Sports Foundation (former)<ref name="NRII" />

=== Recognitions ===

* [[UNESCO Confucius Prize for Literacy|Confucius Prize for Literacy]], [[UNESCO]] (2016) for Jan Sikshan Sansthan.<ref>{{cite web |title=Winners of the UNESCO International Literacy Prizes 2016 |url=https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000245749 |access-date=26 March 2019 |publisher=UNESCO}}</ref><ref name="JSS">{{cite news |author1=Naha |first=Abdul Latheef |date=3 September 2016 |title=JSS Malappuram Wins UNESCO Literacy Award |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/JSS-Malappuram-wins-Unesco-literacy-award/article14620307.ece |access-date= |quote=}}</ref>
* Saakshar Bharat Award (2014) for Jan Sikshan Sansthan.<ref name="JSS" />

Wahab has 'adopted' Karulayi village near his municipality, [[Nilambur]], under the [[Sansad Adarsh Gram Yojana|Sansad Adarsh Gram Yojana (SAGY)]] project.<ref>{{cite news |author1=Nijeesh |first=T. P. |date=28 December 2016 |title=Nedumkayam, First 'Digital' Tribal Colony in the Country |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kozhikode/nedumkayam-first-digital-tribal-colony-in-the-country/articleshow/56208629.cms |access-date=}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{cite web |url=http://164.100.24.167:8080/members/website/Mainweb.asp?mpcode=1929 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930201411/http://164.100.24.167:8080/members/website/Mainweb.asp?mpcode=1929 |archive-date=2007-09-30 |title=P. V. Abdul Wahab |website=Rajya Sabha}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Wahab, P. V. Abdul}}
[[Category:Rajya Sabha members from Kerala]]
[[Category:Malayali politicians]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Politicians from Malappuram district]]
[[Category:Indian Union Muslim League politicians]]
[[Category:1950 births]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian politicians]]
[[Category:Businesspeople from Malappuram]]

Kollur Mallappa

2025-12-02T20:51:22Z

Felipa7295: page edit

{{short description|Indian politician}}
{{Other uses|K. Mallappa (disambiguation){{!}}K. Mallappa}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2019}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Malappa Lingappa Kollur
| birth_name =
| caption =
| image =
| birth_date = 1905<ref>{{Cite web |title=ಕಲ್ಯಾಣ ಕರ್ನಾಟಕದಿಂದ ಅಪ್ಪ -ಮಗ ಏಕಕಾಲಕ್ಕೆ ಸಂಸತ್‌ಗೆ ಎಂಟ್ರಿ! ಯಾರಿದು ಕೊಳೂರು ಮಲ್ಲಪ್ಪ ಎಂಬ ಅಪರೂಪದ ರಾಜಕಾರಣಿ? |url=https://vijaykarnataka.com/news/kalaburagi/lok-sabha-elections-2024-father-and-son-entry-to-parliament-at-a-time-from-kalaburagi-this-is-a-history/articleshow/108864359.cms |access-date=2024-03-29 |website=Vijay Karnataka |language=kn}}</ref>
| birth_place =
| residence =
| death_date = {{death date and age|2004|10|24|1905|df=y}}
| death_place =
| office = [[Member of Parliament]], [[Rajya Sabha]]<ref>{{Cite web| title=Rajya Sabha members biographical sketches 1952-2019 | url=http://rsintranet.nic.in/intrars/Member_Biographical_Book.pdf | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201021211208/http://rsintranet.nic.in/intrars/Member_Biographical_Book.pdf | archive-date=2020-10-21}}</ref>
| constituency =
| term_start = 1968
| term_end = 1980
| predecessor =
| successor =
| office1 =
| constituency1 = [[Karnataka]]
| term1 = 1984-1990
| predecessor1 =
| successor1 =
| office2 =
| constituency2 =
| term_start2 =
| predecessor2 =
| successor2 =
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]
| religion =
| otherparty =
| spouse = Shankaramma
| children =
| website =
| footnotes =
| date = |
| year = |
| source = https://rajyasabha.nic.in/rsnew/pre_member/1952_2003/k.pdf
}}
'''Kollur Mallappa''', also referred to as '''Malappa Lingappa Kollur''' (1905 – 24 October 2004) was the first President of Hyderabad Pradesh Congress Committee, prior to the merger of [[Hyderabad state|Hyderabad]] state into [[Andhra Pradesh]]. He was a Member of Parliament from [[Raichur]], now in [[Karnataka]] for several terms. He was a mentor of the late Indian Prime Minister [[P. V. Narasimha Rao]], several leaders like [[Virendra Patil]], [[Shivraj Patil]], [[S.B. Chavan]] and G. Venkataswamy, etc. He founded the ''[[Kuruba]] Sangham'' and the [[Kuruba]] hostel in [[Hyderabad, India|Hyderabad]].

== Life ==
Mallappa was born in 1905 in a Kannada [[Kuruba Gowda]] community<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/p-v-narasimha-rao-to-honour-mallapa/articleshow/107458.cms|title=P V Narasimha Rao to honour Mallapa|date=1 August 2003|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=2023-04-05}}</ref> and joined the [[Indian National Congress]] in 1935 following a visit to [[Sabarmati Ashram]] along with his associate Janardhana Desai. The two met [[Mahatma Gandhi]]. He took an interest in Gandhian constructive activities and was the agent for the sale of cotton and woollen khadi and the popularisation of [[Hindi]].

== Political life ==
Mallappa was elected to the Hyderabad State Assembly from [[Shorapur (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Surpur]] in [[Kalaburagi district]] in [[1952 Hyderabad Legislative Assembly election]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/4105-hyderabad-1951/|title=Hyderabad, 1951|website=eci.gov.in}}</ref> After the reorganisation of the State, he was elected to the [[Karnataka Legislative Assembly|Mysore Assembly]] in 1957 from [[Sedam (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Sedam]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.elections.in/karnataka/assembly-constituencies/1957-election-results.html|title=Karnataka Assembly Election Results in 1957|website=elections.in}}</ref> He joined the [[Bhoodan]] movement started by [[Vinoba Bhave]]. He was also a [[Member of Parliament]] representing [[Karnataka]] in the [[Rajya Sabha]], the [[upper house]] of [[Parliament of India|India's Parliament]] as a member of the [[Indian National Congress]]<ref>{{cite web | url=https://rajyasabha.nic.in/rsnew/pre_member/1952_2003/k.pdf| title=RAJYA SABHA MEMBERS BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 1952 - 2003 | publisher=[[Rajya Sabha]] | accessdate=31 March 2019}}</ref><ref name="Reed1974">{{cite book|author=Sir Stanley Reed|title=The Times of India Directory and Year Book Including Who's who|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LAcfAQAAMAAJ|accessdate=31 March 2019|year=1974|publisher=Bennett, Coleman & Company|page=649}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Manorama Year Book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TYFKAAAAMAAJ|accessdate=31 March 2019|year=1975|publisher=Manorama Publishing House.|page=591}}</ref><ref name="Sabha2003">{{cite book|author=India. Parliament. Rajya Sabha|title=Rajya Sabha Members: Biographical Sketches, 1952-2003|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VtpFJucR0foC|accessdate=31 March 2019|year=2003|publisher=Rajya Sabha Secretariat|page=170}}</ref> and had close ties with [[Indira Gandhi]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gour |first=Raj Bahadur |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6izSTnnmXE8C&q=kollur+mallappa+yadgir |title=Makhdoom; a Memoir |date=1970 |publisher=Communist Party [of India] |language=en}}</ref> Mallappa was responsible for getting the Congress party nomination to the former Chief Minister of [[Karnataka]], [[N. Dharam Singh]], and the then [[Union Minister]] for Water Resources, [[Mallikarjun Kharge|M. Mallikarjun Kharge]], to contest the Assembly elections in 1972.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3772-karnataka-1957/|title=Karnataka 1957|website=eci.gov.in}}</ref> He was the Minister for Industries and Commerce in Karnataka from 1957 to 1962.<ref>https://thehinduimages.com/details-page.php?id=160287975&ST=HI&SNM=98dcce7&SC=SPORT Members of the Delhi football team being introduced to K. Mallappa, State Minister for Industries and Commerce</ref> He was defeated by [[Vidyadhar Guruji Sayanna]], from [[Gurmitkal (Vidhana Sabha constituency)|Gurmitkal]] in [[1962 Mysore Legislative Assembly election]]s.<ref name=Vidyadhar>{{cite news|title=Freedom fighter Vidyadhar Guruji dies aged 105 |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/freedom-fighter-vidyadhar-guruji-dies-aged-105/article19390059.ece |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=30 July 2017 |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109042152/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/freedom-fighter-vidyadhar-guruji-dies-aged-105/article19390059.ece |archivedate= 9 November 2020|last1=Para |first1=Praveen }}</ref>

== Hyderabad Karnataka Gandhi ==
In 1941, the [[Nizam]]'s government arrested him and he was jailed. He represented the Hyderabad State Congress in the August 1942 Mumbai session of the party where the [[Quit India]] call was given. The day after the country gained independence in 1947, his wife Shankaramma died. But that did not deter him from taking part in the celebrations. Mallappa had the distinction of being elected President of the Hyderabad State Congress. He also fought against the [[Razakars (Hyderabad)|Razakars]] of Hyderabad. Kollur Mallappa had a son called Rajashekar Kollur, who was elected as a Member of Parliament and his sons called Sanjeev Kollur and Pavan Kollur, and two daughters Vijaylakshmi & Jayalakshmi Kollur. His daughter named Thayamma and her two children called C Prabhakar and C Jagadish with their respective children live in Bangalore Roopesh, Vaishnavi,Raghav.
Kollur Mallappa also had one brother called Ishwarappa Kollur and his sons called Dasharath Kollur & Dr Amaresh Kollur, his son Adarsh Kollur, and his wife Manjula Kollur.<ref>K Kamaraj 116th birth anniv: Rare pics of 'Kingmaker' https://www.deccanherald.com/national/south/k-kamaraj-116th-birth-anniv-rare-pics-of-kingmaker-747273.html</ref>

==Political Party==
He was associated with [[Indian National Congress]] for most of his career and joined the [[Congress (R)]], the faction supported by [[Indira Gandhi]] when [[S. Nijalingappa]] and others parted ways by forming [[Indian National Congress (Organisation)]] in 1969. Later in the 1970's the name [[Congress (R)]] evolved to [[Indian National Congress (I)]] the 'I' stands for Indira and gradually [[Indian National Congress (I)|Congress (I)]] became [[Indian National Congress]] as [[Congress (O)]] merged with [[Janata Party]].<ref>https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/karnataka/2013/apr/29/party-affiliations-secondary-family-politics-is-cornerstone-of-yadgir-district-472512.html Party affiliations secondary, family politics is the cornerstone of Yadgir district</ref>

== Death ==
Mallappa, aged 99 years, died at the Bowring and Lady Curzon Hospital in [[Bangalore]] on 24 October 2004 after a prolonged illness.
He was one of the last links with the Congress of Mahatma Gandhi's days and the freedom struggle. He is best remembered for giving up his claim to the office of Chief Minister in 1972 when the [[Indian National Congress]] was returned to power with a thumping majority and instead installing [[D. Devaraj Urs]] as Chief Minister. He was at that time a member of the [[Congress Working Committee]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=2013-06-29|title=The Hindu : Karnataka News : Kollur Mallappa passes away|url=http://hindu.com/2004/10/25/stories/2004102503980400.htm|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130629110004/http://hindu.com/2004/10/25/stories/2004102503980400.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=2013-06-29|access-date=2021-12-28|website=archive.ph}}</ref><ref>https://www.tentaran.com/24-october-in-indian-history-today-special-day/ Today in history India 24 October – Famous people that have death anniversaries on this day in history 24 October</ref>

== Memorial ==
On 20 February 2017 Congress leader [[Mallikarjun Kharge]] said the CM of Karnataka [[Siddaramaiah]] has accepted his demand to build a memorial for Mallappa in [[Yadgir]].<ref>{{Cite news|author=Staff Reporter|date=2017-02-20|title=Centre approves one more ring road for Kalaburagi|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/Centre-approves-one-more-ring-road-for-Kalaburagi/article17330728.ece|access-date=2021-10-17|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> On 16 March 2017 the government announced the construction of the memorial.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-03-16|title=Lakkundi Development Authority to be set up at a cost Rs 3 crore|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/content/601607/lakkundi-development-authority-set-up.html|access-date=2021-10-17|website=Deccan Herald|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=K |first=Prakash Narayana |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=A1xHDwAAQBAJ&dq=kollur+mallappa&pg=PA52 |title=KNOW OUR KARNATAKA: A book for Competitive Exams |date=2018-01-18 |publisher=Pothi.com |language=en}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{People from Yadgir district}}{{Indian National Congress}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mallappa, Kollur}}
[[Category:1905 births]]
[[Category:2004 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Karnataka]]
[[Category:People from Raichur district]]
[[Category:Rajya Sabha members from Karnataka]]
[[Category:People from Yadgir district]]
[[Category:Hyderabad MLAs 1952–1957]]

University Arts and Science College, Warangal

2025-10-19T04:51:18Z

Felipa7295: added new info w/ sources

{{Short description|College in Telangana, India}}
{{more citations needed|date=September 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2018}}
{{Infobox university
|name = University Arts and Science College, Warangal
|native_name =
|latin_name =
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|established = 1927
|type = [[College of Arts and Sciences]]
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|city = Subedari, [[Hanamkonda]]
|state = [[Telangana]]
|country = [[India]]
|campus = Urban
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|affiliations = [[Kakatiya University]]
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}}

'''University Arts & Science College''' is one of the oldest Arts and Science colleges in [[Telangana]]. It is located in Subedari, [[Hanamakonda]]. The college offers Undergraduate and Postgraduate courses. It is also called the second campus of the [[Kakatiya University]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://kakatiya.ac.in/university-arts-and-science-college|title=Kakatiya University, Warangal-506009, Telangana, India}}</ref>

==History==
Development of this college began in the year 1927, when it was started as Collegiate High School. In 1954 the college was shifted from Government Junior College Buildings, [[Hanamkonda]] to its present location. In 1959 the college was upgraded as a constituent college of [[Osmania University]] offering undergraduate courses in the faculties of Arts, Science & Commerce. With the establishment of [[Kakatiya University]], the college was transferred from Osmania University to Kakatiya University on 19 August 1976. In 1995 Postgraduate courses were also added.

==Campus==
College is located in Subedari, [[Hanamakonda]] on the [[National Highway 163 (India, old numbering)|National Highway 163]], and is well connected by rail and road transport. The College has a sophisticated English Language Laboratory, Library with reading halls and internet facility, Air-conditioned seminar hall, Computer labs, highly sophisticated Biotechnology and Microbiology Laboratories along with regular labs like Physics, Electronics, Chemistry, Botany and Zoology. 70 years old Auditorium and amphitheatre, Health Center, Multi-Gym and a large playground. The entire college campus is covered with a high-speed Internet facility.

==Academics==
College offers 29 courses & course combinations at Undergraduate and Postgraduate levels which includes – Biotechnology, Business Management, Commerce, Computer Applications, Computer Science, Electronics, Hindi, Human Resource Management, Microbiology, Organic Chemistry, Social Work, and Statistics..

== Notable alumni ==
* [[Daasarathi]], Telugu poet and writer
* [[Kothapalli Jayashankar]], educationalist, activist, professor, former-Vice-Chancellor-[[Kakatiya University]], former registrar-CIEFL-Hyderabad(aka [[EFLU]]).
* [[Ajit Khan]], Hindi actor, who acted for more than 40 years.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/obituary-ajit-1183238.html|title=Obituary: Ajit|website=[[Independent.co.uk]]|date=7 November 1998}}</ref>
* [[Nand Kishore (cricketer, born 1970)|Nand Kishore]], an Indian former first-class cricketer.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/player/nand-kishore-31917|title=Nand Kishore profile and biography, stats, records, averages, photos and videos}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/ranji-trophy-2015-16-901105/rajasthan-vs-delhi-group-a-901691/full-scorecard| title = Full Scorecard of Delhi vs Rajasthan Group A 2015/16 - Score Report {{!}} ESPNcricinfo.com}}</ref>
* [[Nerella Venu Madhav]], mimicry artist
* [[K. Reuben Mark]], the present Bishop in Karimnagar (2015 onwards)
* [[Kaloji Narayana Rao]], Telugu poet and activist.
* [[P. V. Narasimha Rao]], politician, former Prime Minister of India.
* [[Pamulaparthi Sadasiva Rao]], philosopher and freelance journalist.
* [[Nukala Ramachandra Reddy]], politician and freedom fighter.
== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Warangal topics|state=expanded}}

[[Category:Education in Warangal]]
[[Category:Arts colleges in India]]
[[Category:Government universities and colleges in India]]
[[Category:1927 establishments in India]]
[[Category:Universities and colleges established in 1927]]

Anoop Mukkanniyil

2025-10-18T13:53:04Z

Felipa7295: starting the article w/ sources!

{{short description|Indian basketball player (born 1986)}}
{{Infobox basketball biography
| name = Anoop Mukkanniyil
| image = Anoop Mukkanniyil (cropped).jpeg
| image_size =
| caption = Mukkanniyil in 2015
| position = [[Power forward]] / [[Center (basketball)|center]]
| height_ft = 6
| height_in = 6
| weight_lb = 215
| team =
| league =
| nationality = Indian
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1986|5|30}}
| birth_place =
| high_school =
| college =
| draft_year = 2008
| career_start = 1996
| career_end = 2017
| years1 =
| team1 = *[[India men's national basketball team]]
*[[ONGC FC]]
| highlights =
| medaltemplates =
{{Medal|Sport|Men's [[basketball]]}}
{{Medal|Country|{{IND}}}}
}}

'''Anoop Mukkanniyil''' (born May 30, 1986)<ref name="AsiaBasket Mukkanniyil">{{Cite web |title=Mukkanniyil Anoop – Player Profile |url=https://basketball.asia-basket.com/player/Mukkanniyil-Anoop/260265 |website=Asia-Basket |access-date=October 17, 2025}}</ref> is an Indian professional basketball player who last played for ONGC Uttarakhand Dehradoon of the India D-3 basketball league. Standing at 6'6, Mukkanniyil played the power forward and center position.

==National team career==
Mukkanniyil represented the [[India men's national basketball team]] team until 2017, which is the year he [[retired]].<ref name="FIBA Anoop Mukkanniyil">{{Cite web |title=Anoop Mukkanniyil – FIBA Profile |url=https://www.fiba.basketball/en/players/161840-anoop-mukkanniyil |website=FIBA.basketball |access-date=October 17, 2025}}</ref><ref name="Sportskeeda ONGC roster">{{Cite web |title=24th FIBA Asia Champions Cup: Team roster of ONGC India |url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/basketball/24th-fiba-asia-champions-cup-team-roster-of-ongc-india |access-date=October 17, 2025 |website=Sportskeeda}}</ref><ref name="FIBA Muharraq ONGC">{{Cite web |title=BRN/IND – Muharraq kick start proceedings with a win |url=https://www.fiba.basketball/en/news/brn-ind-muharraq-kick-start-proceedings-with-a-win |website=FIBA.basketball |date= |access-date=October 17, 2025}}</ref><ref name="FIBA AlRiyadiONGC">{{Cite web |title=Al Riyadi remain unscathed after trouncing ONGC |url=https://www.fiba.basketball/en/news/asiachampionscup-2017-news-al-riyadi-remain-unscathed-after-trouncing-ongc |website=FIBA.basketball |date=September 25, 2017 |access-date=October 17, 2025}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mukkanniyil, Anoop}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1986 births]]
[[Category:Indian men's basketball players]]
[[Category:Power forwards]]

{{India-basketball-bio-stub}}

Mahabir Prasad (race walker)

2025-10-18T06:17:13Z

Felipa7295: Created redirect page

{{short description|Indian athlete}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2022}}
{{Infobox sportsperson
| headercolor =
| name = Mahabir Prasad
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| birth_place = [[British India]]
| death_date =
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| national_team = {{IND}}
| sport = [[Track and field]]
| event = [[Racewalking]]
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| medaltemplates =
{{MedalSport|Men's athletics}}
{{Medal|Country|{{IND}}}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[Asian Games]]}}
{{MedalGold|[[1951 Asian Games|1951 New Delhi]]|[[Athletics at the 1951 Asian Games|10 km walk]]}}
}}

'''Mahabir Prasad''' is an Indian [[Sport of athletics|athlete]]. He won a gold medal in the [[Athletics at the 1951 Asian Games|men's 10 kilometres walk]] at the [[1951 Asian Games]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://indianathletics.in/medal-winners-of-asian-games/ | title=MEDAL WINNERS OF ASIAN GAMES | publisher=Athletics Federation of India | accessdate=18 July 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.athleticspodium.com/athlete/3146/mahabir-prasad | title=Mahabir Prasad | publisher=Athletics Podium | accessdate=18 July 2021}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Asian Games Champions Athletics 20 km Walk Men}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Singh, Ranjit}}
[[Category:Athletes (track and field) at the 1951 Asian Games]]
[[Category:Asian Games gold medalists for India]]
[[Category:Asian Games athletes for India]]
[[Category:Medalists at the 1951 Asian Games]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing]]
[[Category:Year of death missing]]
[[Category:Indian men race walkers]]
[[Category:Indian athletics biography stubs]]
[[Category:Asian Games gold medalists in athletics (track and field)]]

Bhavsinhji II

2025-10-16T15:56:11Z

Felipa7295: cleaned up content additionally and updated info

{{Short description|Maharaja of Bhavnagar from 1896–1919}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2014}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2014}}
{{Infobox royalty
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| name = Bhavsinhji II
| title = [[Maharaja]] Raol [[Sir]] [[Shri]] [[Colonel]] Bhavsinhji II Takhtsinhji
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''' [[Maharaja]] Raol [[Sir]] [[Shri]] [[Colonel]] Bhavsinhji II Takhtsinhji''', [[Order of the Star of India|KCSI]] (26 April 1875 – 16 July 1919) was a Maharaja from the [[Gohil dynasty]], who ruled the [[Bhavnagar State]] in western India from 1896 until 1919.<ref name=a>The Royal Coronation Number and Who's who in India, Burma and Ceylon by Thomas Peter - 1937 pp:54.</ref>

==Early life==
Born on 26 April 1875, Bhavsinhji II was the eldest son of [[Takhtsinhji|Sir Takhtsinhji]]. He was educated at [[Rajkumar College, Rajkot]] like his father who was the first student in 1870.<ref name=a/> He was attached to the 2nd Bombay Lancers and served in the Bhavnagar State Forces from 1894 until 1896. He was appointed Honorary Lieutenant-Colonel in 1918.<ref name="y" />

==Marriage==
Bhavsinhji was first married to Devkunvarba of [[Deogarh Baria]] and had a daughter from the marriage.<ref name=z/> After her death, he married Nanadkunvarba of [[Khirasara]]. From his second marriage, he had a son [[Krishna Kumarsinhji Bhavsinhji]], born in 1912, who later succeeded him to the throne.<ref name=z/><ref name=x/>

==Accession==
He was installed on the ''gaddi'' (throne) at the Darbargadh Palace in [[Bhavnagar]] on 10 February 1896.<ref name=a/><ref name=y/><ref name=z/><ref name=x/>

==Reign==
[[File:Khalili Collection Enamels of the World Chariot of Maharaja of Bhavnagar CROP.jpg|thumb|Silver [[Landau (carriage)|Landau carriage]] commissioned by Bhavsinhji in 1915, now in the [[Khalili Collection of Enamels of the World]]<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=Enamels of the World {{!}} Landau Carriage|url=https://www.khalilicollections.org/collections/enamels-of-the-world/khalili-collection-enamels-of-the-world-landau-carriage-ind1008/|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-09-11|website=Khalili Collections|language=en-US}}</ref>]]
He earned a name as a progressive ruler and continued the modernisation and development programmes instituted by his father Sir Takhatsinhji.<ref>{{cite book|title=Shahu Chhatrapati: A Royal Revolutionary|year=1976|publisher=Popular Prakashan|page=373|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zOMdAAAAMAAJ&q=bhavsinhji}}</ref> During the early part of his reign, when the State faced the Great Famine of 1900, he issued a famine code and personally visited the affected parts of his kingdom. As a part of famine relief measures, he waived all uncollected taxes and distributed ''tagari'' allowances as free gifts. He also initiated the construction of five filter beds and a large service reservoir for future droughts.<ref name=x/>

He was one of the first princely states to start self-governance to people and instituted People's Representative Assembly, comprising farmers, tradesmen, municipal representatives and landholders.<ref name=z>{{cite book|title=The Rajputs of Saurashtra By Virbhadra Singhji|year=1994|pages=41–42|isbn=9788171545469|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NYK7ZSpPzkUC&q=Sir+bhavsinhji+Bhavnagar&pg=PA42|last1=Singhji|first1=Virbhadra|publisher=Popular Prakashan }}</ref><ref name=x>{{cite book|title=Indian States: A Biographical, Historical, and Administrative Survey edited by Arnold Wright|year=1922|pages=353–354|isbn=9788120619654|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=47sfj8DUwNgC&q=Sir+bhavsinhji+Bhavnagar&pg=PA353|last1=Bond|first1=J. W.|last2=Wright|first2=Arnold|publisher=Asian Educational Services }}</ref>

Further, he started first Harijan School in 1912 for the upliftment of [[Dalit]] people of his State, and also instituted scholarships for further studies in England, America and Japan, particularly in the fields of medicine and science.<ref name=z/>

As a measure of famine relief works, he founded the [[Bhavnagar Darbar Bank]] in 1902 to dispense loans to farmers, merchants and traders, and began a co-operative movement. This bank founded by him and Prime Minister of Bhavnagar, [[Prabhashankar Pattani]] later grew in to [[State Bank of Saurashtra]].<ref>{{cite book|title=The evolution of the State Bank of India: The era from 1995 to 1980, Volume 4 By Abhik Ray, A. K. Chakraborty, Suman Das, J. S. Mathai|page=930|isbn=9780670999064|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6sknWQvz3MIC&q=Sir+bhavsinhji+Bhavnagar&pg=PA930|last1=Ray|first1=Abhik|year=2009|publisher=Penguin Books India }}</ref>

He was made [[Knight Commander of the Order of the Star of India]] in 1904.<ref name=x/>

An army of Bhavnagar was sent to assist British army in First World War.
Bhavsinhji and his wife raised a private [[Bhavnagar War Hospital]] in 1916 from their personal funds, for treatment of the injured soldiers serving British army in First World War and also instituted a State war medal for the soldiers.<ref>Indian Princely Medals: A Record of the Orders, Decorations, and Medals of ...
By Tony McClenaghan 1996: pp:75.</ref>

==Scholar==
He distinguished scholar of varied interests. He composed four parts of the Sangeet Mala, a treatise on the medicinal properties of Indian plants. He also published the Manual of Indian [[Ayurvedic]] Pharmacy.<ref name=y/> Further, he published translation of [[Homer]]'s [[Iliad]], a musical composition of [[Thomas Babington Macaulay, 1st Baron Macaulay|Macaulay]]'s [[Lays of Ancient Rome|Horatius]].<ref name=y>Life Sketch of H. H. Sir Bhavsinhji II, K.C.S.I., Maharaja of Bhavanagar - Bhavnagar (Princely State) 1911</ref>
He was also member of management committee of Rajkumar College of Rajkot and authored The Forty Years of the Rajkumar College in seven volumes (1911).<ref>Life Sketch of H. H. Sir Bhavsinhji II, K.C.S.I., Maharaja of Bhavanagar by 1911 - Bhavnagar (Princely State).</ref>

The introduction of the Tonic Sol-fa system of notation into Indian music was largely due to his efforts.<ref name=y/>

==Death==
He died on 16 July 1919 and his son, [[Krishna Kumarasingh Bhavasingh]], succeeded him to throne of [[Bhavnagar State]].<ref name=z/><ref name=x/>

==Honors==
*Delhi Darbar Gold Medal - 1903
*Knight Commander of the Order of the Star of India - 24 June 1904
*Granted the personal title of [[Maharaja Bahadur]], 1 January 1909 (later made hereditary in recognition of war services from 1 January 1918)
*Delhi Darbar Gold Medal - 1911

==Memorials==

[[Sir Bhavsinhji Polytechnic Institute]] was established in commemoration of Bhavsinhji II by his son and successor Sir Krishnakumarsinhji in 1932, which commenced functioning in 1949.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.sirbpti.org.in/history.htm |title=Sir Bhavsinhji Polytechnic Institute - History |access-date=24 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130727235152/http://sirbpti.org.in/history.htm |archive-date=27 July 2013 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:1875 births]]
[[Category:1919 deaths]]
[[Category:Maharajas of Bhavnagar]]
[[Category:Gujarati people]]
[[Category:Founders of Indian schools and colleges]]
[[Category:Knights Commander of the Order of the Star of India]]
[[Category:Indian knights]]
[[Category:English-language Indian writers]]
[[Category:Gujarati-language writers]]
[[Category:British Indian Army personnel]]
[[Category:Indian State Forces officers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian royalty]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian writers]]

Gangs of Wasseypur Part 1

2025-08-19T22:43:13Z

Felipa7295: created redirect page

#REDIRECT [[Gangs of Wasseypur]]

Maharajpur Air Force Station

2025-08-16T12:49:05Z

Felipa7295: put up some info v1

#REDIRECT [[Gwalior Airport]]

[[Category:Military airbases established in 1942]]

List of accolades received by Dookudu

2025-03-25T10:29:19Z

Felipa7295: made initial entry w/ infobox

{{Short description|none}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2016}}
{{EngvarB|date=March 2016}}
{{DISPLAYTITLE:List of accolades received by ''Dookudu''}}
''[[Dookudu]]'' ({{translation|Aggression}}) is a 2011 Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[Action comedy film|action comedy]] film directed by [[Srinu Vaitla]], and jointly produced by Ram Achanta, Gopi Achanta and Anil Sunkara.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Mahesh-Babu-and-Sreenu-Vaitla-to-team-up-again/articleshow/47643980.cms |title=Mahesh Babu and Sreenu Vaitla to team up again |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=12 June 2015 |access-date=7 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907072627/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Mahesh-Babu-and-Sreenu-Vaitla-to-team-up-again/articleshow/47643980.cms |archive-date= 7 September 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The film features [[Mahesh Babu]], [[Samantha Ruth Prabhu|Samantha]], [[Prakash Raj]], and [[Sonu Sood]] in the lead roles, and [[Brahmanandam]], and [[M. S. Narayana]] in supporting roles.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movie-reviews/Dookudu/movie-review/10093005.cms | title=Dookudu movie review | work=The Times of India | date=24 September 2011 | access-date=7 September 2015 | last=Kavirayani | first=Suresh | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141227072651/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movie-reviews/Dookudu/movie-review/10093005.cms | archive-date=27 December 2014}}</ref> It was edited by M. R. Varma and the cinematography was provided by [[K. V. Guhan]] and [[Prasad Murella]].<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.sify.com/movies/dookudu-mahesh-brings-in-guhan-news-news-lg1pU3ahicasi.html | title=Dookudu: Mahesh brings in Guhan | website=[[Sify]] | date=28 June 2011 | access-date=7 September 2015 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141226131643/http://www.sify.com/movies/dookudu-mahesh-brings-in-guhan-news-news-lg1pU3ahicasi.html | archive-date=26 December 2014}}</ref> The film's musical and background score were composed by [[S. Thaman]].<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.sify.com/movies/tremendous-response-for-dookudu-s-music-news-news-lixjSPaagjasi.html | title='Tremendous response for Dookudu's music' | website=[[Sify]] | date=23 August 2011 | access-date=7 September 2015 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141227072612/http://www.sify.com/movies/tremendous-response-for-dookudu-s-music-news-news-lixjSPaagjasi.html | archive-date=27 December 2014}}</ref>

Partially inspired by the 2003 German [[tragicomedy]] film ''[[Good Bye, Lenin!]]'',<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/slide-show/slide-show-1-south-director-seenu-vaitla-on-dookudu/20111004.htm | title='I knew Dookudu would be a blockbuster' | work=[[Rediff.com]] | date=4 October 2011 | access-date=7 September 2015 | last=Rajamani | first=Radhika | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141227074407/http://www.rediff.com/movies/slide-show/slide-show-1-south-director-seenu-vaitla-on-dookudu/20111004.htm | archive-date=27 December 2014}}</ref> ''Dookudu'' revolves around the life of police officer Ajay Kumar (Mahesh). His father Shankar Narayana (Prakash Raj) awakes from a [[coma]], which he has been in for many years after an accident, but his health remains perilous. To aid his recovery, Kumar masquerades as a [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Member of the Legislative Assembly]] fulfilling his father's ambition for him.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/review-dookudu/20110923.htm | title=Review: Dookudu is Mahesh Babu's show all the way | work=Rediff.com | date=26 September 2011 | access-date=7 September 2015 | last=Srinivasan | first=Pavithra | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141227124010/http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/review-dookudu/20110923.htm | archive-date=27 December 2014}}</ref>

''Dookudu'' was released on 23 September 2011 in 1,600 screens worldwide,<ref>{{cite web | url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/news-interviews/Dookudu-touches-the-one-billion-mark/articleshow/10793015.cms | title=Dookudu touches the one billion mark | work=The Times of India | date=20 November 2011 | access-date=7 September 2015 | last=Pasupulate | first=Karthik | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141227101628/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/news-interviews/Dookudu-touches-the-one-billion-mark/articleshow/10793015.cms | archive-date=27 December 2014}}</ref> and grossed {{Indian Rupee|link=Indian rupee}}1.01 billion{{efn|The average exchange rate in 2011 was 51.10 Indian rupees ({{INR}}) per 1 US dollar (US$).<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.rediff.com/business/slide-show/slide-show-1-rupee-vs-dollar-in-the-last-2-decades/20120518.htm | title=Rupee vs dollar: From 1990 to 2012 | work=Rediff.com | date=18 May 2012 | access-date=15 September 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150321115240/http://inwww.rediff.com/business/slide-show/slide-show-1-rupee-vs-dollar-in-the-last-2-decades/20120518.htm?print=true | archive-date=21 March 2015}}</ref>|name=exchange 2011}} worldwide on a budget of {{INR}}350 million.{{efn|name="exchange 2011"}}<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.ibtimes.co.in/mahesh-babu-launch-audio-puneeths-power-603242 | title=Mahesh Babu to Launch Audio of Puneeth's 'Power' | work=[[International Business Times|International Business Times India]] | date=27 June 2014 | access-date=7 September 2015 | last=V. P. | first=Nicy | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150821162158/http://www.ibtimes.co.in/mahesh-babu-launch-audio-puneeths-power-603242 | archive-date=21 August 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/B-town-grabs-Dookudu/articleshow/10219876.cms | title=B-town grabs Dookudu | work=The Times of India | date=4 October 2011 | access-date=7 September 2014 | last=Kavirayani | first=Suresh | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141228082039/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/B-town-grabs-Dookudu/articleshow/10219876.cms | archive-date=28 December 2014}}</ref> Steven Zeitchik of ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'' called it "the biggest hit you've never heard of".<ref>{{cite web | url=http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/movies/2011/09/dookudu-daring-dashing-showtimes-reviews-prince-mahesh-samantha.html | title='Dookudu,' the biggest hit you've never heard of | work=[[Los Angeles Times]] | date=29 September 2011 | access-date=7 September 2015 | last=Zeitchik | first=Steven | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141228130035/http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/movies/2011/09/dookudu-daring-dashing-showtimes-reviews-prince-mahesh-samantha.html | archive-date=28 December 2014}}</ref> The film garnered awards and nominations in several categories with particular praise for its direction, performances of the film's cast, cinematography, and music. As of April 2013, the film has won 38 awards from 50 nominations.{{efn|Awards in certain categories do not have prior nominations and only winners are announced by the jury. For simplification and to avoid errors, each award in this list has been presumed to have had a prior nomination.}}

At the 2012 [[Nandi Awards]] ceremony, ''Dookudu'' won seven awards, including those for [[Nandi Award for Best Popular Feature Film|Best Popular Feature Film]] and [[Nandi Award for Best Actor|Best Actor]]. The film won six awards at the [[59th Filmfare Awards South]] ceremony, including the awards for [[Filmfare Award for Best Film – Telugu|Best Film]], [[Filmfare Award for Best Director – Telugu|Best Director]], and [[Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Telugu|Best Actor]], from ten nominations. Samantha and Prakash Raj also garnered nominations for [[Filmfare Award for Best Actress – Telugu|Best Actress]] and [[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor – Telugu|Best Supporting Actor]], respectively. ''Dookudu'' received eleven nominations at the [[1st South Indian International Movie Awards]] ceremony and won eight awards, including those for Best Film, Best Director and Best Actor. Samantha and M. S. Narayana were nominated for Best Actress and Best Comedian, respectively. The film won eight awards at the 2012 [[CineMAA Awards]] ceremony, including those for Best Film, Best Director, Best Actor, and Best Cinematography.

== Accolades ==
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable"
|-
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Award
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Date of ceremony{{efn|Date is linked to the article about the awards held that year, wherever possible.}}
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Category
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Recipients
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Result
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | {{Abbr|Ref.|References}}
|-
! scope="row" rowspan="2" | Audi — Ritz Icon Awards
| rowspan="2" | 1 October 2012
| Iconic Film of the Year – Telugu
| {{Sort|Achanta|Ram Achanta, Gopichand Achanta and Anil Sunkara}}
| {{won}}
| rowspan="2" | {{center|<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.sify.com/movies/ramya-wins-audi-ritz-awards-news-kannada-mkbrILjbeeesi.html | title=Ramya wins Audi Ritz awards | website=[[Sify]] | date=1 October 2012 | access-date=7 September 2015 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141228122317/http://www.sify.com/movies/ramya-wins-audi-ritz-awards-news-kannada-mkbrILjbeeesi.html | archive-date=28 December 2014}}</ref>}}
|-
| Best Director
| {{Sort|Vaitla|[[Srinu Vaitla]]}}
| {{won}}
|-
! scope="row" rowspan="8"|[[CineMAA Awards]]
| rowspan="8" | 17 June 2012
| [[CineMAA Awards#Best Film|Best Film]]
| {{Sort|Achanta|Ram Achanta, Gopichand Achanta and Anil Sunkara}}
| {{won}}
| rowspan="8" | {{center|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/CineMaa-awards-2012-winners-list/articleshow/14229972.cms |title=CineMaa awards 2012 winners list |work=The Times of India |date=18 June 2012 |access-date=7 September 2015 |last=Sashidhar |first=A. S. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907050841/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/CineMaa-awards-2012-winners-list/articleshow/14229972.cms |archive-date= 7 September 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{cite web | url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/Kamal-Haasan-graces-CineMAA-awards-2012/articleshow/14241283.cms | title=Kamal Haasan graces CineMAA awards 2012 | work=The Times of India | date=18 June 2012 | access-date=7 September 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907051056/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/Kamal-Haasan-graces-CineMAA-awards-2012/articleshow/14241283.cms | archive-date=7 September 2015}}</ref> <ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-cinemaplus/when-the-stars-descended/article3564160.ece | title=When the stars descended | work=[[The Hindu]] | date=24 June 2012 | access-date=7 September 2015 | last=Bhandaram | first=Vishnupriya | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141228123143/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-cinemaplus/when-the-stars-descended/article3564160.ece | archive-date=28 December 2014}}</ref>}}
|-
| [[CineMAA Awards#Best Director|Best Director]]
| {{Sort|Vaitla|[[Srinu Vaitla]]}}
| {{won}}
|-
| [[CineMAA Awards#Best Actor - Male|Best Actor]]
| [[Mahesh Babu]]
| {{won}}
|-
| [[CineMAA Awards#Best Supporting Actor|Best Supporting Actor]]
| {{Sort|Raj|[[Prakash Raj]]}}
| {{won}}
|-
| [[CineMAA Awards#Best Villain|Best Actor In Negative Role]]
| {{Sort|Sood|[[Sonu Sood]]}}
| {{won}}
|-
| [[CineMAA Awards#Best Comedian|Best Actor In Comic Role]]
| [[Brahmanandam]]
| {{won}}
|-
| [[CineMAA Awards#Best Actor (Jury)|Best Actor (Jury)]]
| {{Sort|Narayana|[[M. S. Narayana]]}}
| {{won}}
|-
| [[CineMAA Awards#Best Cinematographer|Best Cinematographer]]
| {{Sort|Guhan|[[K. V. Guhan]]}}
| {{won}}
|-
! scope="row" rowspan="10" | [[59th Filmfare Awards South]]
| rowspan="10" | [[59th Filmfare Awards South|7 July 2012]]
| [[Filmfare Award for Best Film – Telugu|Best Film – Telugu]]
| {{Sort|Achanta|Ram Achanta, Gopichand Achanta and Anil Sunkara}}
| {{won}}
| rowspan="10" | {{center|<ref>{{cite episode | title=59th Idea Filmfare Awards South 2012 | date=8 July 2012 | series=Filmfare Awards South | network=[[MAA TV]]}}</ref> <ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.filmfare.com/news/59th-idea-filmfare-awards-south-winners-list-809.html | title=59th Idea Filmfare Awards South (Winners list) | work=[[Filmfare]] | date=9 July 2012 | access-date=7 September 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150811102950/http://www.filmfare.com/news/59th-idea-filmfare-awards-south-winners-list-809.html | archive-date=11 August 2015}}</ref> <ref>{{cite web | url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/tamil/news-interviews/The-59th-Idea-Filmfare-Awards-2011South/articleshow/14742576.cms | title=The 59th Idea Filmfare Awards 2011(South) | work=The Times of India | date=8 July 2012 | access-date=7 September 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141228121405/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/tamil/news-interviews/The-59th-Idea-Filmfare-Awards-2011South/articleshow/14742576.cms | archive-date=28 December 2014}}</ref>}}
|-
| [[Filmfare Award for Best Director – Telugu|Best Director – Telugu]]
| {{Sort|Vaitla|[[Srinu Vaitla]]}}
| {{won}}
|-
| [[Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Telugu|Best Actor – Telugu]]
| [[Mahesh Babu]]
| {{won}}
|-
| [[Filmfare Award for Best Actress – Telugu|Best Actress – Telugu]]
| [[Samantha Ruth Prabhu|Samantha]]
| {{nom}}
|-
| rowspan="2" | [[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor – Telugu|Best Supporting Actor – Telugu]]
| {{Sort|Narayana|[[M. S. Narayana]]}}
| {{won}}
|-
| {{Sort|Raj|[[Prakash Raj]]}}
| {{nom}}
|-
| [[Filmfare Award for Best Music Director – Telugu|Best Music Director – Telugu]]
| {{Sort|Thaman|[[S. Thaman]]}}
| {{won}}
|-
| [[Filmfare Award for Best Male Playback Singer – Telugu|Best Male Playback Singer – Telugu]]
| {{Sort|Nambiar|[[Rahul Nambiar]]}} (for the song "Guruvaram")
| {{won}}
|-
| [[Filmfare Award for Best Female Playback Singer – Telugu|Best Female Playback Singer – Telugu]]
| {{Sort|NSK|[[Ramya NSK]]}} (for the song "Poovai Poovai")
| {{nom}}
|-
| [[Filmfare Award for Best Lyricist – Telugu|Best Lyricist – Telugu]]
| {{Sort|Sastry|[[Ramajogayya Sastry]]}} (for the song "Guruvaram")
| {{nom}}
|-
! scope="row" rowspan="7" | [[Mirchi Music Awards South]]
| rowspan="7" | 4 August 2012
| Best Album of the Year
| {{Sort|Thaman|[[S. Thaman]]}}
| {{won}}
| rowspan="7" | {{center|<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.radiomirchi.com/mma2011/telugu/listners_choice.html | title=Mirchi Music Awards South 2011 Nominees | publisher=[[Radio Mirchi]] | access-date=7 September 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141228123545/http://www.radiomirchi.com/mma2011/telugu/listners_choice.html | archive-date=28 December 2014}}</ref> <ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.radiomirchi.com/mma2011/telugu/winners.html | title=Mirchi Music Awards South 2011 Winners | publisher=Radio Mirchi | access-date=7 September 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141228123643/http://www.radiomirchi.com/mma2011/telugu/winners.html | archive-date=28 December 2014}}</ref>}}
|-
| Music Composer of the year
| {{Sort|Thaman|[[S. Thaman]]}}
| {{nom}}
|-
| Best Song of the Year
| {{Sort|Thaman|[[S. Thaman]], [[Rahul Nambiar]] and [[Ramajogayya Sastry]]}} (for the song "Guruvaram")
| {{nom}}
|-
| Male Vocalist of the Year
| {{Sort|Nambiar|[[Rahul Nambiar]]}} (for the song "Guruvaram")
| {{nom}}
|-
| Upcoming Female Vocalist of the Year
| {{Sort|NSK|[[Ramya NSK]]}} (for the song "Poovai Poovai")
| {{won}}
|-
| Lyricist of the Year
| {{Sort|Sastry|[[Ramajogayya Sastry]]}} (for the song "Guruvaram")
| {{nom}}
|-
| Technical – Sound Mixing of the Year
| {{Sort|Chandu|Chandu, Shadab Rayeen and Muralidhar}} (for the song "Guruvaram")
| {{nom}}
|-
! scope="row" rowspan="7" | [[Nandi Awards]]
| rowspan="7" | 13 October 2012
| [[Nandi Award for Best Popular Feature Film|Best Popular Feature Film]]
| {{Sort|Achanta|Ram Achanta, Gopichand Achanta and Anil Sunkara}}
| {{won}}
| rowspan="7" | {{center|<ref>{{cite web | url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/telugu/news-interviews/2011-Nandi-Awards-winners-list/articleshow/16797289.cms | title=2011 Nandi Awards winners list | work=The Times of India | date=13 October 2012 | access-date=7 September 2015 | last=Kavirayani | first=Suresh | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141228121543/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/telugu/news-interviews/2011-Nandi-Awards-winners-list/articleshow/16797289.cms | archive-date=28 December 2014}}</ref> <ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/nandi-awards-mahesh-babu-best-actor/article3995830.ece | title=Nandi awards: Mahesh Babu best actor | work=The Hindu | date=14 October 2012 | access-date=7 September 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141228120745/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/nandi-awards-mahesh-babu-best-actor/article3995830.ece | archive-date=28 December 2014}}</ref> <ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-andhrapradesh/nandi-awards-prakash-raj-best-supporting-actor/article3995867.ece | title=Nandi awards: Prakash Raj best supporting actor | work=The Hindu | date=14 October 2012 | access-date=7 September 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141228120912/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-andhrapradesh/nandi-awards-prakash-raj-best-supporting-actor/article3995867.ece | archive-date=28 December 2014}}</ref>}}
|-
| [[Nandi Award for Best Actor|Best Actor]]
| [[Mahesh Babu]]
| {{won}}
|-
| [[Nandi Award for Best Supporting Actor|Best Supporting Actor]]
| {{Sort|Raj|[[Prakash Raj]]}}
| {{won}}
|-
| [[Nandi Award for Best Male Comedian|Best Male Comedian]]
| {{Sort|Narayana|[[M. S. Narayana]]}}
| {{won}}
|-
| [[Nandi Award for Best Editor|Best Editor]]
| {{Sort|Varma|M. R. Varma}}
| {{won}}
|-
| [[Nandi Award for Best Fight Master|Best Fight Master]]
| {{Sort|Vijayan|[[Vijayan (stunt coordinator)|Vijayan]]}}
| {{won}}
|-
| [[Nandi Award for Best Screenplay Writer|Best Screenplay Writer]]
| {{Sort|Vaitla|[[Srinu Vaitla]]}}
| {{won}}
|-
! scope="row" rowspan="11" | [[1st South Indian International Movie Awards]]
| rowspan="11" | [[1st South Indian International Movie Awards|22 June 2012]]
| [[SIIMA Award for Best Film|Best Film-Telugu]]
| {{Sort|Achanta|Ram Achanta, Gopichand Achanta and [[Anil Sunkara]]}}
| {{won}}
| rowspan="11" | {{center|<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.ibnlive.com/news/india/siima-nagarjuna-and-others-for-telugu-nominations-480842.html | title=SIIMA: Nagarjuna and others for Telugu nominations | work=IBNLive | publisher=[[CNN-IBN]] | date=5 June 2012 | access-date=7 September 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907050514/http://www.ibnlive.com/news/india/siima-nagarjuna-and-others-for-telugu-nominations-480842.html | archive-date=7 September 2015}}</ref> <ref>{{cite web | url=http://idlebrain.com/news/2000march20/siima-nominations.html | title=SIIMA nominations for Telugu films | publisher=[[Idlebrain.com]] | date=13 June 2012 | access-date=7 September 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907050619/http://idlebrain.com/news/2000march20/siima-nominations.html | archive-date=7 September 2015}}</ref> <ref>{{cite web | url=http://siima.in/siima-awards.php?year=2012&action=winners | title=SIIMA Awards: 2011 Winners | publisher=[[South Indian International Movie Awards]] | access-date=7 September 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150811120512/http://siima.in/siima-awards.php?year=2012&action=winners | archive-date=11 August 2015}}</ref> <ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-cinemaplus/the-south-shines/article3589711.ece | title=The South Shines | work=The Hindu | date=1 July 2012 | access-date=7 September 2015 | last=Manigandan | first=K. R. | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141228122750/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-cinemaplus/the-south-shines/article3589711.ece | archive-date=28 December 2014}}</ref>}}
|-
| [[SIIMA Award for Best Director (Telugu)|Best Director (Telugu)]]
| {{Sort|Vaitla|[[Srinu Vaitla]]}}
| {{won}}
|-
| [[SIIMA Award for Best Actor (Telugu)|Best Actor (Telugu)]]
| [[Mahesh Babu]]
| {{won}}
|-
| [[SIIMA Award for Best Actress (Telugu)|Best Actress (Telugu)]]
| [[Samantha Ruth Prabhu|Samantha]]
| {{nom}}
|-
| [[SIIMA Award for Best Supporting Actor (Telugu)|Best Supporting Actor (Telugu)]]
| {{Sort|Raj|[[Prakash Raj]]}}
| {{won}}
|-
| rowspan="2" | [[SIIMA Award for Best Comedian (Telugu)|Best Comedian (Telugu)]]
| [[Brahmanandam]]
| {{won}}
|-
| {{Sort|Narayana|[[M. S. Narayana]]}}
| {{nom}}
|-
| [[SIIMA Award for Best Music Director (Telugu)|Best Music Director (Telugu)]]
| {{Sort|Thaman|[[S. Thaman]]}}
| {{won}}
|-
| [[SIIMA Award for Best Male Playback Singer (Telugu)|Best Male Playback Singer (Telugu)]]
| {{Sort|Nambiar|[[Rahul Nambiar]]}} (for the song "Guruvaram")
| {{won}}
|-
| [[SIIMA Award for Best Lyricist (Telugu)|Best Lyricist (Telugu)]]
| {{Sort|Sastry|[[Ramajogayya Sastry]]}} (for the song "Guruvaram")
| {{won}}
|-
| [[SIIMA Award for Best Cinematographer (Telugu)|Best Cinematographer (Telugu)]]
| {{Sort|Guhan|[[K. V. Guhan]]}}
| {{nom}}
|-
! scope="row" rowspan="5" | [[T. Subbarami Reddy|TSR]]–[[TV9 (Telugu)|TV9 National Film Awards 2011]]
| rowspan="5" | 20 April 2013
| Best Director
| {{Sort|Vaitla|[[Srinu Vaitla]]}}
| {{won}}
| rowspan="5" | {{center|<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.sify.com/news/tsr-tv9-film-awards-for-2011-12-announced-news-national-nesxEehdfcasi.html | title=TSR–TV9 film awards for 2011–12 announced | website=[[Sify]] | date=18 April 2013 | access-date=7 September 2015 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907051409/http://www.sify.com/news/tsr-tv9-film-awards-for-2011-12-announced-news-national-nesxEehdfcasi.html | archive-date=7 September 2015}}</ref> <ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.sify.com/movies/tsr-tv9-film-awards-presented-in-style-imagegallery-tollywood-lemm9dgfbcjsi.html | title=TSR–TV9 Film Awards presented in style | website=[[Sify]] | date=21 April 2013 | access-date=7 September 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907052014/http://www.sify.com/movies/tsr-tv9-film-awards-presented-in-style-imagegallery-tollywood-lemm9dgfbcjsi.html | archive-date=7 September 2015}}</ref>}}
|-
| Best Character Actor
| {{Sort|Raj|[[Prakash Raj]]}}
| {{won}}
|-
| Best Comedian
| [[Brahmanandam]]
| {{won}}
|-
| Best Music Director
| {{Sort|Thaman|[[S. Thaman]]}}
| {{won}}
|-
| Best Playback Singer – Female
| {{Sort|NSK|[[Ramya NSK]]}} (for the song "Poovai Poovai")
| {{won}}
|}

== See also ==
* [[List of Telugu films of 2011]]

== Footnotes ==
{{Notelist}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1756476/awards Accolades for ''Dookudu''] at the [[Internet Movie Database]]

{{featured list}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Dookudu}}
[[Category:Lists of accolades by Indian film]]

1921 in India

2025-02-27T06:59:56Z

Felipa7295: refined formatting per standard format and added references

{{short description|none}} 
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2022}}
{{Year in India|1921}}
[[File:Studio_portrait_of_young_woman_with_basket_and_broom,_India_(c._1921).jpg | thumb | upright | right | Young woman in India, 1921]]
Events in the year '''1921 in India'''.

==Incumbents==
* [[Emperor of India]] – [[George V]]
* Viceroy of India – [[Frederic Thesiger, 1st Viscount Chelmsford]]
* Viceroy of India – [[Rufus Isaacs, 1st Marquess of Reading|The Earl of Reading]] (from 2 April)

==Events==
* National income – {{INR}} 25,337 million
* June – the Madras province declared in a judgement that women also have the right to vote
* August - [[Malabar rebellion]] commenced.
* November - The [[Prince of Wales]], later King [[Edward VIII]], arrives in India. Upon his arrival in [[Bombay]] there is widespread agitation. He was greeted with empty streets (The agitation was non violent).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Halley |first=Catherine |date=2022-02-02 |title=The Prince of Wales' 1921 Trip to India Was a Royal Disaster |url=https://daily.jstor.org/the-prince-of-wales-1921-trip-to-india-was-a-royal-disaster/ |access-date=2023-02-28 |website=JSTOR Daily |language=en-US}}</ref>
* 19 November - [[Prince of Wales riots]]
* 23 December – [[Visva-Bharati University]] is inaugurated.

==Law==
* 8 April – Permanent Advisory Council of Princes inaugurated; Council of State and Legislative Assembly inaugurated.<ref>{{Cite book |title=Everyman's Dictionary of Dates |last=Dent |first=J.M. |edition=6 |page=262}}</ref>
*Maintenance Orders Enforcement Act

==Births And Deaths==

===January to June===
*9 January – [[Lister Sinclair]], Indian-Canadian broadcaster and playwright (died 2006)
*21 January – [[Jaswant Singh Marwah]], journalist and author
*24 February – [[Paulaseer]] (Paulaseer Lawrie Muthukrishna), Indian preacher (died 1989)<ref>Bergunder, Michael (2003). "From Pentecostal Healing Evangelist to Kalki Avatar", in ''Christians and Missionaries in India: Cross-Cultural Communication since 1500'', edited by Robert Eric Frykenberg and Alaine M. Low. [[Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing]]. p. 359.</ref>
*8 March – [[Sahir Ludhianvi]], [[Urdu language|Urdu]] poet and [[Hindi language|Hindi]] lyricist and songwriter (died 1980)
*14 April – [[Subodh Mukherjee]], filmmaker (died 2005)
*2 May – [[Satyajit Ray]], filmmaker (died 1992)
*21 May – [[Prabhat Ranjan Sarkar]], philosopher, author, social revolutionary, poet, composer and linguist (died 1990)
*2 May – [[B. B. Lal (archaeologist)|B. B. Lal]], archaeologist, Director-General [[Archaeological Survey of India]] (1968–1972) (died 2022)
*28 June – [[P. V. Narasimha Rao]], politician, 12th [[Prime Minister of India]] (died 2004)

===July to December===
*1 August – [[Devarakonda Balagangadhara Tilak]], poet, novelist and short story writer (died 1966)
*24 September – [[Dhulipala Seetharama Sastry]], actor (died 2007)
*7 December – [[Pramukh Swami Maharaj]], leader of [[BAPS]] [[Swaminarayan]] Sanstha



*11 September – [[Subramanya Bharathi]], poet, independence fighter and reformer (born [[1882 in India|1882]])
*[[Ahmed Rida Khan]], [[Sunni]] Muslim scholar and founder of [[Barelwi]] [[school of thought]] (born [[1856 in India|1856]])

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{India year nav}}
{{Year in Asia|1921}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:1921 in India}}
[[Category:1921 in India| ]]
[[Category:1921 by country|India]]
[[Category:Years of the 20th century in India]]
[[Category:1921 in Asia]]
[[Category:1920s in India]]

Manohar Chandrikapure

2024-12-21T15:22:21Z

Felipa7295: quick add page for accuracy also for clarity

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Manohar Chandrikapure
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| office = [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Member of the]] [[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start = 26 November 2019
| term_end = 2024
| constituency = [[Arjuni-Morgaon (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Arjuni-Morgaon]]
| predecessor = [[Rajkumar Badole]]
| birth_name = Manohar Gowardhan Chandrikapure
| birth_date = {{Birth based on age as of date|63|2019|10|24}}<ref name="News18"/>
| birth_place =
| hometown =
| nationality = Indian
| party = [[Prahar Janshakti Party]] (2024-present)
| otherparty = [[Nationalist Congress Party (Ajit Pawar)]] (2023-2024)
| residence = Bamhani, [[Sadak Arjuni]], [[Gondia district]], [[Maharashtra]]
| alma_mater = College of Agriculture, Nagpur (BSc)
| profession = {{Hlist|Politician|agriculturalist}}
| known_for =
| spouse =
| children =
| relatives =
| successor = Rajkumar Badole
}}

'''Manohar Gowardhan Chandrikapure''' is an Indian politician and a member of the 14th [[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly]] elected from the [[Arjuni-Morgaon (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Arjuni-Morgaon]] constituency in the [[2019 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] as a [[Nationalist Congress Party]] candidate.<ref name="MyNeta"/><ref name="News18"/> He joined [[Prahar Janshakti Party]] in October 2024.<ref name="Joined_PJP"/>

==Early life==
Chandrikapure was born to Govardhan Chandrikapure and hails from the village of Bamhani of [[Sadak Arjuni]] taluka in [[Gondia district]] of Maharashtra. He studied [[Higher Secondary]] in 1971-72 under HSC Board, Nagpur from Adarsh College, [[Amgaon]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Chandrikapure Manohar Gowardhan(Nationalist Congress Party(NCP)):Constituency- Arjuni Morgaon (SC) (Gondiya) - Affidavit Information of Candidate |url=http://myneta.info/maharashtra2019/candidate.php?candidate_id=9140 |website=myneta.info |access-date=25 October 2019}}</ref> He is a [[Bachelor of Science]] which he completed from College of Agriculture, Nagpur in March 1975.<ref name="MyNeta">{{Cite web |title=Manohar Chandrikapure - Profile |url=http://myneta.info/maharashtra2014/candidate.php?candidate_id=4010 |website=MyNeta |access-date=25 October 2019}}</ref>

==Political career==
In [[2019 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]], Chandrikapure won from [[Arjuni-Morgaon (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Arjuni-Morgaon]] seat as a [[Nationalist Congress Party]] (NCP) candidate, defeating two-time winner [[Rajkumar Badole]] of [[BJP]].<ref name="News18">{{Cite news |title=Arjuni-Morgaon Election Results 2019 Live Updates (अर्जुनी मोरगाव): Chandrikapure Manohar Gowardhan of NCP Wins |url=https://www.news18.com/news/politics/arjuni-morgaon-election-results-2019-live-updates-winner-loser-leading-trai-2359051.html |work=News18 |date=24 October 2019 |access-date=25 October 2019}}</ref>

In October 2024, Chandrikapure joined [[Prahar Janshakti Party]] after being denied nomination for the upcoming [[2024 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|legislative assembly election in November]] despite being the sitting MLA. The Nationalist Congress Party leadership had nominated his rival Rajkumar Badole instead, who went on to win from the seat.<ref name="Joined_PJP">{{cite news |last1=ठाकरे |first1=राजेश्वर |date=24 October 2024 |title=अजित पवारांच्या नाराज आमदाराची प्रथम काँग्रेसकडे धाव, नंतर प्रहारमध्ये प्रवेश, महायुतीमध्ये बंडाचा झेंडा |url=https://www.loksatta.com/politics/ncp-ajit-pawar-party-mla-manohar-chandrikapure-joined-prahar-janshakti-party-print-politics-news-css-98-4671435/ |work=Loksatta |language=mr |access-date=24 October 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Arjuni-Morgaon Election Result 2024 LIVE: Badole Rajkumar Sudam of NCP Wins |url=https://www.news18.com/elections/arjuni-morgaon-election-result-2024-live-leading-winner-mla-9130008.html |work=News18 |date=23 November 2024 |access-date=11 December 2024}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Chandrikapure, Manohar}}
[[Category:1950s births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Maharashtra MLAs 2019–2024]]
[[Category:Nationalist Congress Party politicians from Maharashtra]]
[[Category:People from Gondia district]]
[[Category:Prahar Janshakti Party politicians]]

{{Maharashtra-NCP-politician-stub}}

Adeeng, Uttar Pradesh

2024-12-09T08:18:36Z

Felipa7295: starting initial details w/ refs!

{{About|the Indian town}}
{{Orphan|date=July 2021}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2021}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Adeeng
| native_name = Ading
| native_name_lang = अडींग
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = [[Town]]
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Uttar Pradesh
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Uttar Pradesh, India
| coordinates = {{coord|27.5|N|77.47|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Mathura district|Mathura]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 179
| population_total = 14608
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes = <ref name="Census">{{cite web|url=http://www.citypopulation.de/php/india-uttarpradesh.php?cityid=0941410000|title=Govardhana (Mathura in Uttar Pradesh)|website=City Population|access-date=7 April 2017}}</ref>
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]]
| demographics1_title3 = Native
| demographics1_info3 = [[Braj Bhasha|Braj Bhasha dialect]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 281501<ref>{{cite web|url=https://pincode.net.in/UTTAR_PRADESH/MATHURA/A/Ading |title=Ading, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh |website=pincode.net.in |access-date=7 April 2017}}</ref>
| registration_plate = UP-85
| website =
| footnotes =
}}

'''Adeeng''', '''Ading''' is a town and a [[Gram panchayat]] in the [[Mathura district]] of the Indian state of [[Uttar Pradesh]].

==History==
Ading in present is a historical village (presently a town) near Govardhan.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pG2yMEauKZUC&dq=aring+jat&pg=PA379|title=Mathura - A District Memoir|last=Growse|first=F. S.|date=December 1993|publisher=Asian Educational Services|isbn=9788120602281|language=en}}</ref>
During the Hindu rule, [[Mathura]] was divided into five parts - Ading, Sonsa, [[Saunkh]], Farah and [[Govardhan]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pG2yMEauKZUC&dq=aring+jat&pg=PA379|title=Mathura - A District Memoir|last=Growse|first=F. S.|date=December 1993|publisher=Asian Educational Services|isbn=9788120602281|language=en}}</ref> According to Hindu beliefs, Lord Krishna killed Aristasur at this place. Therefore, this area was known as Arishtagam (Arista). At present, it is known as Ading. Arishta was named Ading due to the bigotry of these rulers. Faudasingh, Jaitsingh, Balakchand were born but Ading gained fame in history in the time of Anup Singh, Faud Singh, Jait Singh. In the time of Badan Singh, Raja Anoop Singh has been described as one of the powerful kings of Braj.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Wadley |first=Susan Snow |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NqcttdCbb9wC&dq=mathura+rajput&pg=PA59 |title=Raja Nal and the Goddess: The North Indian Epic Dhola in Performance |date=2004-11-17 |publisher=Indiana University Press |isbn=978-0-253-11127-2 |language=en}}</ref>

==Geography==
{{Empty section|date=July 2021}}

==Historical place==
{{Empty section|date=July 2021}}

==Transport==
{{Empty section|date=July 2021}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Mathura district]]

Ranavav railway station

2024-07-31T10:54:29Z

Felipa7295: quick update

{{short description|Railway station in Gujarat, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2019}}
{{Infobox station
| name = Ranavav railway station
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| symbol_location =
| style = Indian Railways
| type = [[File:Indian_Railways_Suburban_Railway_Logo.svg|30px]] [[Indian Railways|Indian Railway Station]]
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| address = [[Ranavav|Ranavav, Gujarat]]
| borough =
| country = [[India]]
| coordinates = {{coord|21.698680|69.726256|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
| elevation =
| owned = [[Ministry of Railways (India)|Ministry of Railways]], [[Indian Railways]]
| operator = [[Western Railway Zone|Western Railway]]
| line = [[Jamnagar–Porbandar line]] [[Porbandar–Jetalsar section]]
| distance =
| platforms = 1
| tracks = 1
| train_operators =
| connections =
| structure =
| parking = No
| bicycle = No
| accessible =
| electrified = No
| status = Functioning
| code = {{Indian railway code
| code = RWO
| zone = [[Western Railway zone|Western Railway]]
| division = {{rwd|Bhavnagar}}
}}
| website =
| opened =
| closed =
| passengers =
| pass_year =
| pass_rank =
| services =
| map_locator =
| map_type = India Gujarat
| map_dot_label = Ranavav railway station
| map_size = 300
}}
'''Ranavav railway station''' is a railway station serving in [[Porbandar district]] of Gujarat State of India.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.ndtv.com/indian-railway/ranavav-rwo-station |title=Ranavav Railway Station (RWO) : Station Code, Time Table, Map, Enquiry |website=www.ndtv.com |publisher=[[NDTV]] |location=India |language=en |access-date=2018-01-08}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url=https://indiarailinfo.com/departures/ranavav-rwo/2433| title=RWO/Ranavav| website=India Rail Info}}</ref> It is under [[Bhavnagar railway division]] of [[Western Railway Zone]] of Indian Railways. Ranavav railway station is 13 km far away from {{rws|Porbandar}}. Passenger, Express trains halt here.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.raildrishti.in/raildrishti/IRDBStationPDF.jsp?stncode=RWO| title=RWO:Passenger Amenities Details As on : 31/03/2018 Division : Bhavnagar| website=Raildrishti}}</ref>

== Major trains ==

Following major trains halt at Ranavav railway station in both direction:

* 19015/16 [[Saurashtra Express|Porbandar - Mumbai Central Saurashtra Express]]
* 19571/72 [[Rajkot - Porbandar Express|Rajkot - Porbandar Express (Via Jetalsar)]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Railway stations in Gujarat}}

[[Category:Railway stations in Porbandar district]]
[[Category:Bhavnagar railway division]]

{{Gujarat-railstation-stub}}