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Mulgi Zali Ho

2026-05-04T22:02:12Z

FaustinoRicks4: Biography!

{{Short description|2020 Indian TV series}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2021}}
{{Infobox television
| image = Mulgi Zali Ho.jpeg
| image_size =
| genre = [[Social problem film|Social drama]] [[Romance film|Romance]]
| creator = Suzana Ghai
| developer =
| director = Sachin Deo
| creative_director = Pravin Pavaskar
| starring = [[#Cast|See below]]
| narrated =
| story =
| screenplay = Rohini Ninawe
| writer = Sharad Chandra Tripathi
| theme_music_composer = [[Nilesh Moharir]]
| opentheme = "Goad Gojiri Sajiri Mulgi Zali Ho" by Jaanvee Prabhu Arora
| endtheme =
| composer =
| country = Satara, Maharashtra, India
| language = Marathi
| num_seasons =
| num_episodes = 686
| list_episodes =
| executive_producer =
| producer = Suzana Ghai Hemant Ruprel Ranjit Thakur
| editor = Shatrujit Singh Kapil Ubana
| cinematography = Abhishek Gandhi
| camera = [[Multiple-camera setup|Multi-camera]]
| runtime = 22 minutes
| company = Panorama Entertainment Pvt. Ltd.
| network = [[Star Pravah]]
| first_aired = {{Start date|2020|09|02|df=yes}}
| last_aired = {{End date|2023|01|14|df=yes}}
| related =
}}

'''Mulgi Zali Ho''' ({{Translation|''The Girl Is Born''}}) is an Indian [[Marathi-language]] [[Drama (film and television)|drama]] television series that aired on [[Star Pravah]]. The show stars [[Sharvani Pillai]], Kiran Mane (He was thrown out for his abusive behaviour) Divya Pugaonkar and Yogesh Sohoni in lead roles.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Upcoming TV show Mulgi Zali Ho to discuss female infanticide. |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/upcoming-tv-show-mulgi-zali-ho-to-discuss-female-infanticide/articleshow/77766285.cms|access-date=2021-09-13|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|date=26 August 2020}}</ref> It was produced by Suzana Ghai, Hemant Ruprell and Ranjit Thakur under the banner of Panorama Entertainment Pvt. Ltd.

== Summary ==
Mulgi Zali Ho is about a girl child Sajiri (Mau) who suffers rejection. Her father Vilas gives some poison to her mother Uma during her pregnancy because he feels that he can't afford to pay for another daughter. As a result, the girl is being born dumb. Mau does all the household works and also goes house to house selling milk. Consequently, she meets a city boy called Shaunak who follows her daily and remembers her as the child who saved him from a car crash from childhood. Mau, only longs for the affection of her cold and distant father and is oblivious to the love bestowed on her by Shaunak.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-09-03|title=TV shows Phulala Sugandha Maticha and Mulgi Zali Ho complete one year|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/tv-shows-phulala-sugandha-maticha-and-mulgi-zali-ho-complete-one-year/articleshow/85898159.cms|access-date=2021-09-15|website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>

== Cast ==
=== Main ===
* Divya Pugaonkar as Sajiri "Mau" Patil Jahagirdar: Vilas and Uma's younger daughter; Akshara and Rohan's sister; Shaunak's wife; Gojiri's mother (2020–2023)
** Maithili Patwardhan as Child Sajiri "Mau" Patil (2020)
* Yogesh Sohoni as Shaunak Jahagirdar: Kedar and Kalyani's son; Divya and Aarya's cousin; Sajiri's husband; Siddhant's best friend; Gojiri's father (2020–2023)

=== Recurring ===
* Aarohi Sambre as Gojiri Jahagirdar: Sajiri and Shaunak's daughter; Anisha and Aaroh's cousin (2022–2023)
* [[Sharvani Pillai]] as Uma Patil: Vilas's wife; Akshara, Sajiri and Rohan's mother; Anisha, Aaroh and Gojiri's grandmother (2020–2023)
* Kiran Mane / Anand Alkunte as Vilas Patil: Damayanti's son; Uma's husband; Akshara, Sajiri and Rohan's father; Anisha, Aaroh and Gojiri's grandfather (2020–2022) / (2022–2023)
* Savita Malpekar as Damayanti Patil: Vilas's mother; Akshara, Sajiri and Rohan's grandmother; Anisha, Aaroh and Gojiri's great-grandmother (2020–2023)
* [[Srujan Deshpande]] as Rohan Patil: Vilas and Uma's son; Akshara and Sajiri's brother; Aarya's husband; Aaroh's father (2020–2023)
* Apoorva Sapkal / Sheetal Gete as Akshara Patil Bhosale: Vilas and Uma's elder daughter; Sajiri and Rohan's sister; Deepak's widow; Siddhant's wife; Anisha's mother (2020–2021) / (2022–2023)
* Shweta Ambikar-Gore as Aarya Sardeshmukh Patil : Rajan and Vaishali's younger daughter; Divya's sister; Shaunak's cousin; Rohan's wife; Aaroh's mother (2020–2023)
* Siddharth Khirid as Siddhant Bhosale: Revati's son; Shaunak's best friend; Akshara's husband; Anisha's father (2021–2022)
* Soham Salunkhe as Aaroh Patil: Rohan and Aarya's son; Anisha and Gojiri's cousin (2022–2023)
* Vighnesh Joshi as Kedar Jahagirdar: Kalyani's husband; Shaunak's father; Gojiri's grandfather (2021–present)
* Prajakta Kelkar as Kalyani Sardeshmukh Jahagirdar: Suman and Rajan's sister; Kedar's wife; Shaunak's mother; Gojiri's grandmother (2020–2023)
* [[Anand Kale]] / Ajay Purkar / Ramesh Rokade as Rajan Sardeshmukh: Suman and Kalyani's brother; Vaishali's husband; Divya and Aarya's father; Aaroh's grandfather (2020) / (2020–2022) / (2022–2023)
* Pradnya Jawle-Edke as Vaishali Sardeshmukh: Rajan's wife; Divya and Aarya's mother; Aaroh's grandmother (2020–2023)
* Pratiksha Mungekar / Rashmi Joshi as Divya Sardeshmukh: Rajan and Vaishali's elder daughter; Aarya's sister; Shaunak's cousin (2020–2021) / (2021–2023)
* Manjusha Godse as Suman Sardeshmukh: Rajan and Kalyani's sister; Shaunak, Divya and Aarya's aunt (2022–2023)

===Others===
* Omprakash Shinde as Bhushan Kamat (2022–2023)
* Swapnil Pawar as Deepak Rane: Akshara's ex-husband (2020–2021)
* [[Sharmishtha Raut|Sharmishtha Raut-Desai]] as Nilima Sawant (2021)
* Prajakta Navnale / Gauri Sonar as Siddhi Gaikwad: Ashok and Seema's daughter; Mau's best friend (2020-2021) / (2021-2022)
* Sudesh Mhashilkar / Santosh Patil as Ashok Gaikwad: Seema's husband; Siddhi's father; Vilas's best friend (2020) / (2020-2022)
* Priti Kadam as Sheetal: Divya's supporter (2020–2021)
* Pankaj Kale as Sunil Shinde: Rajshree's husband; Vilas's best friend (2020–2021)
* Chitra Khare / Manjusha Khetri / Archana Mungekar as Seema Gaikwad: Ashok's wife; Siddhi's mother; Uma's best friend (2020) / (2020–2021) / (2021–2022)
* Devendra Deo as Mr. Bhosale: Siddhant's father (2021)
* Nandini Kulkarni as Revati Bhosale: Siddhant's mother (2021)

== Adaptations ==
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
!style="background:LightGreen;"|Language
!style="background:LightGreen;"|Title
!style="background:LightGreen;"|Original release
!style="background:LightGreen;"|Network(s)
!style="background:LightGreen;"|Last aired
!style="background:LightGreen;"|Notes
|-
| [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
| ''[[Mounaraagam (Telugu TV series)|Mounaraagam]]'' మౌన రాగం
| 16 September 2018
| [[Star Maa]]
| 30 January 2020
| Original
|-
| [[Kannada]]
| ''Mounaragaa''<ref>{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/kannada/tv-serial-mounaraaga-completes-100-episodes/articleshow/68890317.cms|title=TV serial Mounaraaga completes 100 episodes|website=The Times of India}}</ref> ಮೌನ ರಾಗ
| 17 December 2018
| [[Star Suvarna]]
| 14 June 2019
| rowspan="5" |Remake
|-
| [[Tamil language|Tamil]]
| ''[[Kaatrin Mozhi (TV series)|Kaatrin Mozhi]]'' காற்றின் மொழி
| 7 October 2019
| [[Star Vijay]]
| 10 April 2021
|-
| [[Malayalam]]
| ''[[Mounaragam (Malayalam TV series)|Mounaragam]]'' മൗനരാഗം
| 17 December 2019
| [[Asianet (TV channel)|Asianet]]
| Ongoing
|-
| [[Marathi language|Marathi]]
| ''Mulgi Zali Ho'' मुलगी झाली हो
| 2 September 2020
| [[Star Pravah]]
| 14 January 2023
|-
| [[Hindi]]
| ''[[Teri Laadli Main]]'' तेरी लाडली मैं
| 5 January 2021
| [[Star Bharat]]
| 22 April 2021
|}

== Reception ==
=== Ratings ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
! rowspan="2" | Week
! rowspan="2" | Year
! colspan="2" | [[Broadcast Audience Research Council|BARC]] Viewership
! rowspan="2" | Ref.
|-
! [[Target Rating Point|TRP]]
! Rank
|-
|Week 40
|2020
|3.6
|5
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=WEEK 40 - DATA: Saturday, 3rd October 2020 To Friday, 9th October 2020|url=https://www.barcindia.co.in/data-insights|url-status=live|website=BARC India|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201020222315/https://www.barcindia.co.in/data-insights|archive-date=20 October 2020}}</ref>
|-
|Week 41
|2020
|3.6
|4
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=WEEK 41 - DATA: Saturday, 10th October 2020 To Friday, 16th October 2020|url=https://www.barcindia.co.in/data-insights|url-status=live|website=BARC India|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201026171648/https://www.barcindia.co.in/data-insights|archive-date=26 October 2020}}</ref>
|-
|Week 42
|2020
|4.2
|3
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=WEEK 42 - DATA: Saturday, 17th October 2020 To Friday, 23rd October 2020|url=https://www.barcindia.co.in/data-insights|url-status=live|website=BARC India|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201030073503/https://www.barcindia.co.in/data-insights|archive-date=30 October 2020}}</ref>
|-
|Week 43
|2020
|4.4
|4
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=WEEK 43 - DATA: Saturday, 24th October 2020 To Friday, 30th October 2020|url=https://www.barcindia.co.in/data-insights|url-status=live|website=BARC India|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201107084103/https://www.barcindia.co.in/data-insights|archive-date=7 November 2020}}</ref>
|-
|Week 44
|2020
|4.4
|5
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=WEEK 44 - DATA: Saturday, 31st October 2020 To Friday, 6th November 2020|url=https://www.barcindia.co.in/data-insights|url-status=live|website=BARC India|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201113205617/https://www.barcindia.co.in/data-insights|archive-date=13 November 2020}}</ref>
|-
|Week 45
|2020
|5.0
|3
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=WEEK 45 - DATA: Saturday, 7th November 2020 To Friday, 13th November 2020 |url=https://www.barcindia.co.in/data-insights|url-status=live|website=BARC India|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201123214117/https://www.barcindia.co.in/data-insights|archive-date=23 November 2020}}</ref>
|-
|Week 46
|2020
|4.6
|3
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=WEEK 46 - DATA: Saturday, 14th November 2020 To Friday, 20th November 2020|url=https://www.barcindia.co.in/data-insights|url-status=live|website=BARC India|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201140746/https://www.barcindia.co.in/data-insights|archive-date=1 December 2020}}</ref>
|-
|Week 47
|2020
|5.4
|2
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=WEEK 47 - DATA: Saturday, 21st November 2020 To Friday, 27th November 2020|url=https://www.barcindia.co.in/data-insights|url-status=live|website=BARC India|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201210034036/https://www.barcindia.co.in/data-insights|archive-date=10 December 2020}}</ref>
|-
|Week 48
|2020
|5.4
|3
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=WEEK 48 - DATA: Saturday, 28th November 2020 To Friday, 4th December 2020|url=https://www.barcindia.co.in/data-insights|url-status=live|website=BARC India|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201216171146/https://www.barcindia.co.in/data-insights|archive-date=16 December 2020}}</ref>
|-
|Week 49
|2020
|4.9
|3
|rowspan="2"|<ref>{{Cite web|title=WEEK 49 - DATA: Saturday, 5th December 2020 To Friday, 11th December 2020|url=https://www.barcindia.co.in/data-insights|url-status=live|website=BARC India|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201223173246/https://www.barcindia.co.in/data-insights|archive-date=23 December 2020}}</ref>
|-
|6 December 2020
|Maha Episode
|3.5
|5
|-
|Week 50
|2020
|5.6
|2
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=टीआरपी रेसमध्ये पहिल्या पाचमधील सगळेच कार्यक्रम स्टार प्रवाहचे, ही मालिका ठरली अव्वल|url=https://www.lokmat.com/filmy/television/star-pravahs-sukh-mhanje-nakki-kay-asta-no-one-barc-india-a588/|website=[[Lokmat]]|access-date=2022-06-25|language=mr}}</ref>
|-
|Week 51
|2020
|5.7
|1
|rowspan="2"|<ref>{{Cite web|title=टीआरपी रेसमध्ये स्टार प्रवाहच्याच सगळ्या मालिका अव्वल, दोन मालिकांच्या महाएपिसोडचा देखील समावेश|url=https://www.lokmat.com/filmy/television/mulgi-jhali-ho-ranks-top-trp-barc-india-a588/|access-date=2022-06-25|website=[[Lokmat]]|language=mr}}</ref>
|-
|20 December 2020
|Maha Episode
|4.2
|5
|-
|Week 52
|2020
|6.0
|2
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=WEEK 52 - DATA: Saturday, 26th December 2020 To Friday, 1st January 2021|url=https://www.barcindia.co.in/data-insights|url-status=live|website=BARC India|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210114033049/https://www.barcindia.co.in/data-insights|archive-date=14 January 2021}}</ref>
|-
|Week 1
|2021
|5.2
|2
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=WEEK 1 - DATA: Saturday, 2nd January 2021 To Friday, 8th January 2021|url=https://www.barcindia.co.in/data-insights|url-status=live|website=BARC India|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210117161138/https://www.barcindia.co.in/data-insights|archive-date=17 January 2021}}</ref>
|-
|Week 2
|2021
|5.2
|1
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=WEEK 2 - DATA: Saturday, 9th January 2021 To Friday, 15th January 2021|url=https://www.barcindia.co.in/data-insights|url-status=live|website=BARC India|archive-url=https://archive.today/20210126034641/https://www.barcindia.co.in/data-insights|archive-date=26 January 2021}}</ref>
|-
|Week 3
|2021
|5.6
|1
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=पहिल्या पाचमध्ये कित्येक महिन्याने आली झी मराठीवरील ही मालिका तर टीआरपीत ठरलीय ही मालिका अव्वल|url=https://www.lokmat.com/filmy/television/zee-marathis-aggabai-sasubai-number-four-barc-india-a588/|access-date=2022-06-25|website=[[Lokmat]]|language=mr}}</ref>
|-
|Week 4
|2021
|5.5
|2
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=WEEK 4 - DATA: Saturday, 23rd January 2021 To Friday, 29th January 2021|url=https://www.barcindia.co.in/data-insights|url-status=live|website=BARC India|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210210164230/https://www.barcindia.co.in/data-insights|archive-date=10 February 2021}}</ref>
|-
|Week 5
|2021
|6.3
|1
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=WEEK 5 - DATA: Saturday, 30th January 2021 To Friday, 5th February 2021|url=https://www.barcindia.co.in/data-insights|url-status=live|website=BARC India|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210218053144/https://www.barcindia.co.in/data-insights|archive-date=18 February 2021}}</ref>
|-
|Week 6
|2021
|5.6
|2
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=WEEK 6 - DATA: Saturday, 6th February 2021 To Friday, 12th February 2021|url=https://barcindia.co.in/data-insights|url-status=live|archive-url=https://barcindia.co.in/data-insights#currencydata|archive-date=29 January 2021|website=BARC India}}</ref>
|-
|Week 7
|2021
|5.5
|1
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=WEEK 7 - DATA: Saturday, 13th February 2021 To Friday, 19th February 2021|url=https://www.barcindia.co.in/data-insights|url-status=live|website=BARC India|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225081955/https://www.barcindia.co.in/data-insights|archive-date=25 February 2021}}</ref>
|-
|Week 8
|2021
|5.5
|2
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=ना सई-आदित्य ना अरुंधती, बोलबाला कोणाचा? टॉप ५ मराठी मालिका|url=https://www.tv9marathi.com/photo-gallery/top-5-marathi-serials-for-week-20th-february-2021-to-26th-february-2021-see-full-list-413036.html|website=TV9 Marathi|access-date=2022-06-25|language=mr}}</ref>
|-
|Week 9
|2021
|5.9
|1
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=मालिकांच्या शर्यतीत 'मुलगी झाली हो...' ठरली अव्वल, पाहा या आठवड्याच्या टॉप ५ मराठी मालिका|url=https://www.tv9marathi.com/photo-gallery/cinema-photos/trp-race-top-5-marathi-serial-for-week-5th-march-2021-to-11th-march-2021-see-full-list-416429.html/amp|website=TV9 Marathi|access-date=2022-06-25|language=mr}}</ref>
|-
|Week 10
|2021
|6.5
|1
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=WEEK 10 - DATA: Saturday, 6th March 2021 To Friday, 12th March 2021|url=https://www.barcindia.co.in/data-insights|url-status=live|website=BARC India|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210325044546/https://www.barcindia.co.in/data-insights|archive-date=25 March 2021}}</ref>
|-
|Week 11
|2021
|6.4
|1
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=WEEK 11 - DATA: Saturday, 13th March 2021 To Friday, 19th March 2021|url=https://www.barcindia.co.in/data-insights|url-status=live|website=BARC India|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210401073709/https://www.barcindia.co.in/data-insights|archive-date=1 April 2021}}</ref>
|-
|Week 12
|2021
|6.4
|1
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=WEEK 12 - DATA: Saturday, 20th March 2021 To Friday, 26th March 2021|url=https://www.barcindia.co.in/data-insights|url-status=live|website=BARC India|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210407172921/https://www.barcindia.co.in/data-insights|archive-date=7 April 2021}}</ref>
|-
|Week 13
|2021
|6.2
|2
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=WEEK 13 - DATA: Saturday, 27th March 2021 To Friday, 2nd April 2021|url=https://barcindia.co.in/data-insights|url-status=live|website=BARC India|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415061054/https://www.barcindia.co.in/data-insights|archive-date=15 April 2021}}</ref>
|-
|Week 14
|2021
|6.7
|3
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=WEEK 14 - DATA: Saturday, 3rd April 2021 To Friday, 9th April 2021|url=https://www.barcindia.co.in/data-insights|url-status=live|website=BARC India|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210422044810/https://www.barcindia.co.in/data-insights|archive-date=22 April 2021}}</ref>
|-
|Week 15
|2021
|6.3
|1
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=WEEK 15 - DATA: Saturday, 10th April 2021 To Friday, 16 April 2021|url=https://barcindia.co.in/data-insights|url-status=live|website=BARC India|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210428095210/https://www.barcindia.co.in/data-insights|archive-date=28 April 2021}}</ref>
|-
|Week 16
|2021
|5.3
|1
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=WEEK 16 - DATA: Saturday, 17th April 2021 To Friday, 23rd April 2021|url=https://www.barcindia.co.in/data-insights|url-status=live|website=BARC India|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210505164517/https://www.barcindia.co.in/data-insights|archive-date=5 May 2021}}</ref>
|-
|Week 17
|2021
|5.9
|1
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=WEEK 17 - DATA: Saturday, 24th April 2021 To Friday, 30th April 2021|url=https://www.barcindia.co.in/data-insights|url-status=live|website=BARC India|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210512171208/https://www.barcindia.co.in/data-insights|archive-date=12 May 2021}}</ref>
|-
|Week 18
|2021
|6.6
|2
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=WEEK 18 - DATA: Saturday, 1st May 2021 To Friday, 7th May 2021|url=https://www.barcindia.co.in/data-insights|url-status=live|website=BARC India|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210520045928/https://www.barcindia.co.in/data-insights|archive-date=20 May 2021}}</ref>
|-
|Week 22
|2021
|6.6
|1
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=TRP च्या स्पर्धेत 'देवमाणूस' चौथ्या स्थानावर; 'ही' मालिका ठरली अव्वल|url=https://maharashtratimes.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/television-news/marathi-serial-mulgi-zali-ho-number-one-in-trp-devmanus-at-4th-rank/articleshow/83535475.cms|website=[[Maharashtra Times]]|access-date=2022-06-25|language=mr}}</ref>
|-
|Week 32
|2021
|6.7
|1
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=WEEK 32 - DATA: Saturday, 7th August 2021 To Friday, 13th August 2021|url=https://www.barcindia.co.in/data-insights|website=BARC India|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210826030754/https://barcindia.co.in/data-insights|archive-date=26 August 2021}}</ref>
|}

=== Mahaepisode ===
==== 2 hours ====
# 11 April 2021 (Mau's name ceremony)<ref>{{cite web|title='मुलगी झाली हो' मालिकेत माऊचं होणार बारसं; ११ एप्रिलला पहायला मिळणार विशेष भाग|url=https://www.marathishow.com/tv/naming-ceremony-of-mau-in-mulgi-zali-ho-serial-on-11-april-special-episode|language=mr|access-date=2021-11-15}}</ref>
# 21 November 2021 (Mau-Shaunak's marriage)<ref>{{cite web|title=As Sajiri of Mulgi Zali Ho, Shaunak's wedding, channel plans grand ceremony|url=https://eng.bharattimes.co.in/as-sajiri-of-mulgi-zali-ho-shaunaks-wedding-channel-plans-grand-ceremony/|access-date=2021-11-20}}</ref>

== Awards ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+Star Pravah Parivar Awards
!Year
!Category
!Recipient
!Role
|-
|rowspan="2"|2021
|Best Daughter
|Divya Pugaonkar
|Sajiri
|-
|Best Mother
|[[Sharvani Pillai]]
|Uma
|-
|2022
|Best Husband
|Yogesh Sohoni
|Shaunak
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|tt14225290}}
* [https://www.hotstar.com/in/tv/mulgi-zali-ho/1260040587 ''Mulgi Zali Ho''] at [[Disney+ Hotstar]]

[[Category:Marathi-language television shows]]
[[Category:Star Pravah original programming]]
[[Category:2020 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:2023 Indian television series endings]]

Star Singer

2026-05-01T16:09:29Z

FaustinoRicks4:

{{see also|Star singers}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2015}}
{{original research|date=January 2021}}
{{Infobox television
| image = Starsinger Season 9 Title Card.webp
| image_alt = Star Singer
| caption = Star Singer
| runtime = 60–90 minutes per episode
| genre = [[Reality television|Reality]]
| creator = [[Asianet (TV channel)|Asianet]]
| judges = {{Plainlist|
*[[M. G. Sreekumar]]
*[[Ouseppachan]]
*[[P. Unnikrishnan]]
*[[G. Venugopal]]
*[[Sharreth]]
*[[Usha Uthup]]
*[[Vani Jayaram]]
*[[M. Jayachandran]]
*Arundhathi
*[[K. S. Chithra]]
*[[Vidhu Prathap]]
*[[Sithara (singer)|Sithara Krishnakumar]]
*[[Anuradha Sriram]]
*[[Stephen Devassy]]
*[[Rimi Tomy]]
*[[Manjari (Indian singer)|Manjari]]
*[[Sujatha Mohan]]
*[[Srinivas (singer)]]
}}
| presenter = {{Plainlist|
*[[Rimi Tomy]]
*Joy John Antony
*[[Afsal]]
*Gayathri Ashokan
*[[Ranjini Haridas]]
*[[Meera Nandan]]
*Devi
*Ramya Raveendran
*[[Jewel Mary]]
*Varsha Ramesh
}}
| country = India
| network = {{plainlist|
* [[Asianet (TV channel)|Asianet]]
* [[JioHotstar]]
}}
| first_aired = {{Start date|2006|4|22|df=y}}
| last_aired = present
| num_seasons = 10 + 3 (Junior)
}}

'''''Star Singer''''' is an Indian music reality television competition broadcast on [[Asianet (TV channel)|Asianet]]. The show features contestants aged 15 to 35, who compete based on their singing talent and stage presence. From Seasons 1 to 7, viewer voting was conducted via SMS, with audience votes contributing partially to contestant advancement. Starting with Season 8, voting shifted to [[Disney+ Hotstar]], the official OTT platform of Star Network.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/2007/03/24/stories/2007032421640200.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070331221020/http://www.hindu.com/2007/03/24/stories/2007032421640200.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=31 March 2007 |title=Idea Star Singer '07 contest | location=Chennai, India |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=24 March 2007}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://living.oneindia.in/celebrity/music/idea-star-singer.html |title=Stars of the Idea Star Singer |work=OneIndia |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090221072530/http://living.oneindia.in/celebrity/music/idea-star-singer.html |archive-date=21 February 2009}}</ref> The competition includes a panel of judges comprising prominent figures from the Malayalam music industry, who evaluate performances and assign scores throughout the contest. In 2009, a spin-off titled ''Star Singer Junior'' was introduced, focusing on younger participants.

==History==

===2006===
Star Singer debuted in 2006, modeled after ''[[Indian Idol]]''. Malayalam music director [[M. Jayachandran]] served as the chief judge, joined by [[K. S. Chithra]], [[M. G. Radhakrishnan]], Tippu, [[Deepak Dev]], [[Jassie Gift]], and others. The show was co-hosted by [[Vidhu Prathap]], [[Rimi Tomy]], and Joy John Antony. From around 7,000 applicants, Arun Raj and Kavita Jayaram emerged as winners in the male and female categories, respectively. Prizes included ₹100,000, playback contracts, and performance deals abroad. The season was produced by Prathap Nair.

===2007===
Season 2 introduced a new format and was hosted by [[Ranjini Haridas]]. Judges included [[M. G. Sreekumar]], [[Sharreth]], and [[Usha Uthup]], with a rotating celebrity guest judge. Over 20,000 applied, 45 contestants were selected after auditions. The winner, [[Najim Arshad]], received an apartment worth ₹4 million. Runners-up included Durga Viswanath, Thushar M.K., and Arun Gopan.

===2008===
Launched by actor [[Suresh Gopi]], Season 3 featured judges [[Ouseppachan]], [[P. Unnikrishnan]], and weekly guest judges. Ranjini Haridas returned as host following popular demand. The finale aired live on 25 April 2009, with [[M. S. Viswanathan]] as chief guest. Vivek Anand and Sonia Aamod won in the male and female categories. Runner-up Rahul R. Laxman received 101 tolas of gold.

===2009===
Season 4 was judged by K. S. Chithra, M. G. Sreekumar, and Sharreth, and hosted again by Ranjini Haridas.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.qatarliving.com/ql-kairali/posts/idea-star-singer-season-4-grand-finale-1st-august-2010|title= Idea Star Singer Season 4 Grand Finale|date= 29 July 2010}}</ref> Joby John won the title, receiving a ₹10 million villa from Travancore Builders. The finale, held on 1 August 2010, featured judges S. P. Balasubrahmanyam and others. Runner-up Sreenath Nair received 30 million SMS votes.

===2010===
[[Kalpana Raghavendar]] won Season 5, earning a villa worth ₹10 million. [[Mridula Warrier|Mridula Varier]] and Immanuel Henry were the first and second runners-up, winning gold worth ₹1.5 million and ₹750,000, respectively. Antony John, third runner-up, also received a ₹500,000 prize from K. J. Yesudas on behalf of actor [[Mohanlal]].

===2011–2012===
Season 6 concluded on 22 December 2012, with Merin Gregory declared the winner. Rajiv Rajasekharan was the runner-up. Judges included Hariharan, K. S. Chithra, M. G. Sreekumar, [[Anuradha Sriram]], and M. Jayachandran. The show was produced by Asianet and directed by Prathap Nair.

===2014===
The seventh season of ''Star Singer'' started airing in March 2014. The show was hosted by [[Rimi Tomy]] and [[M. G. Sreekumar]], who were also the judges, along with [[Anuradha Sriram]]. The title winner of Sunfeast Delishus Star Singer was Malavika Anilkumar from [[Thrissur district|Thrissur]], [[Kanimangalam]].She has won many competitions other than Idea Star Singer. She won a flat in [[Kochi]] worth Rupees 5 million from Confident Group run by Dr. C. J. Roy; followed by Reshma Raghavendra, Aslam Abdul Majid at second and third position respectively.

===2020-2022===
The eighth season was launched on 27 December 2020.The show was hosted by Jewel Mary. The launch event was telecasted on 3 January 2021. Due to the [[COVID-19]] Pandemic, the show was put on hold after 43 episodes in July 2021 and relaunched with a mega event on 2 January 2022.The show ended on 19 June 2022 and the title winner is Ridhu Krishna. He won a flat worth Rupees 1 crore from Confident Group run by Dr. C. J. Roy.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://malayalam.indianexpress.com/television/star-singer-8-winner-rithu-krishna-receives-trophy-664606/|title=സ്റ്റാർ സിംഗർ സീസൺ 8: വിജയിയായി റിതുകൃഷ്ണ|work=The Indian Express}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://malayalam.samayam.com/tv/reality-shows/reality-show-star-singer-season-eight-grand-finale-live-telecast/articleshow/92277357.cms|title=സ്റ്റാര്‍ സിങ്ങര്‍ ഗ്രാന്റ് ഫിനാലെ വീട്ടിലിരുന്നും തത്സമയം ആസ്വദിക്കാം, സംപ്രേക്ഷണം ജൂണ്‍ 19-ന് വൈകുന്നേരം ആറ് മുതല്‍|work=Samayam Malayalam}}</ref>

===2023-2024===
Star Singer Season 9 premiered on 15 and 16 July 2023 and aired on Asianet every weekend. Judged by [[K. S. Chithra]], [[Sithara (singer)|Sithara]], and [[Vidhu Prathap]], and hosted by RJ Varsha, the contestants were initially split into two teams – Convent Music School and Gurukulam Sangeetha Vidyalayam. Though the finale was planned for February 2024, the show was extended after a break following ''[[Bigg Boss (Malayalam season 6)|Bigg Boss Malayalam Season 6]]''. The planned finale was held as a 'Summer Festival' (aired on 11 and 17 February 2024), with the Rs 5 lakh prize money shared among the top 10 contestants.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/malayalam/star-singer-takes-a-vacation-ahead-of-bigg-boss-malayalam-6-actor-jayaram-to-grace-the-summer-festival/articleshow/107659132.cms|title=Star Singer takes a 'vacation' ahead of Bigg Boss Malayalam |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=13 February 2024}}</ref>

The show was relaunched with a mega event on June 23, 2024, introducing two new wild card contestants alongside the existing top 10. The grand finale was held on October 20, 2024, at Adlux Convention Centre, Angamaly. Aravind Dileep Nair emerged as the winner, receiving a prize of ₹50 lakhs sponsored by Confident Group.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://malayalam.indianexpress.com/television/star-singer-season-9-grand-finale-to-air-on-asianet-on-october-20-7338801|title=Star Singer 9 Grand Finale: സ്റ്റാര്‍ സിങ്ങര്‍ സീസൺ 9 വിജയി ഗ്രാൻഡ് ഫിനാലെ ഞായറാഴ്ച, ആര് കിരീടം ചൂടും?|work=[[The Indian Express]] |date=19 October 2024}}</ref>

=== 2025-present ===
Season 10 was announced during the Season 9 finale, making Star Singer the first Malayalam reality show to reach 10 seasons. Auditions concluded in Kochi on 2 February 2025, and the show launched on 29–30 March.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/malayalam/star-singer-is-back-with-the-10th-season-k-s-chithra-says-keri-vaa-makkale/articleshow/116885887.cms|title=Star Singer is back with the 10th season; K S Chithra says, 'Keri Vaa Makkale'|work=The Times Of India}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://malayalam.indianexpress.com/entertainment/asianet-star-singer-season-10-grand-launch-2025-manju-warrier-bhavana-8865359|title=പൂക്കുടയുമായി സൈക്കിളിൽ ഭാവനയുടെ എൻട്രി; നിറചിരിയോടെ സ്വാഗതം ചെയ്ത് മഞ്ജു വാര്യർ|work=Indian Express}}</ref> From 35 mega audition participants, 18 were selected for the main stage, with 5 more joining as wild card entrants.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.asianetnews.com/entertainment-news/asianet-star-singer-season-10-mega-launch-on-march-29th-and-30th-stbphr|title=ഒഡിഷന് 6000ലധികം പേർ, മെഗാലോഞ്ചിൽ മാറ്റുരയ്ക്കാൻ 35 പേർ; സ്റ്റാർ സിങ്ങർ സീസൺ 10ന് ആരംഭം|work=Asianet News}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/malayalam/star-singer-10-18-contestants-enter-the-competition-after-the-mega-audition/articleshow/119898914.cms|title=Star Singer 10: 18 contestants enter the competition after the mega audition|work=The Times of India}}</ref> From July 2025, the show was on a temporary break for ''[[Bigg Boss (Malayalam season 7)|Bigg Boss Malayalam Season 7]]'', with a special Monsoon Festival episode featuring [[Mohanlal]] and [[Usha Uthup]] aired on 27 July 2025.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/malayalam/from-mohanlals-mass-entry-to-ks-chithras-birthday-bash-heres-why-you-cant-afford-to-miss-star-singer-10-monsoon-festival/articleshow/122839355.cms|title=From Mohanlal’s mass entry to KS Chithra’s birthday bash: Here's why you can't afford to miss 'Star Singer 10 Monsoon Festival'|work=The Times of India}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/malayalam/mohanlal-to-make-a-smashing-entry-on-star-singer-fans-anticipate-bigg-boss-malayalam-7-announcement/articleshow/122768759.cms|title=Mohanlal to make a smashing entry on 'Star Singer'; Fans anticipate Bigg Boss Malayalam 7 announcement|work=The Times of India}}</ref> The show relaunched after break with an event with special guests [[Urvashi]] and [[Nikhila Vimal]] aired on 23 November 2025.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://malayalam.indianexpress.com/television/star-singer-season-10-reloads-after-3-month-break-actress-urvashi-honoured-as-chief-guest-10805735|title=മൂന്നു മാസത്തെ ഇടവേളക്ക് ശേഷം ഞങ്ങൾ എത്തി; ഉർവശിയ്‌ക്കൊപ്പം സ്റ്റാർ സിംഗർ ടീം|work=The Indian Express}}</ref> This season was hosted by Varsha Ramesh and [[Mithun Ramesh|Midhun Ramesh]].

==Seasons==
{| class="wikitable"
! Season !! Aired from !! Aired till !! Sponsors !! Judges !! Anchor(s) !! Winners !! Finalists !! Telecast Frequency
|-
| 1 ||22 April 2006||18 February 2007 ||[[Idea Cellular]]||[[M. Jayachandran]], [[K. S. Chithra]], [[Tippu (singer)|Tippu]] / [[M. G. Radhakrishnan]], [[Deepak Dev]]/ [[Jassie Gift]] / [[Chitra Iyer]]/ Sugeetha Menon||[[Rimi Tomy]], [[Afsal (singer)|Afzal]], Joy John Antony / [[Biju Narayanan]]/ Arun Raj, Kavita Jayaram ||
|Weekends only
|-
| 2 ||21 May 2007 ||26 April 2008 ||Idea Cellular||[[Sharreth]], [[M. G. Sreekumar]], [[Usha Uthup]] ||[[Ranjini Haridas]], [[Meera Nandan]]|| [[Najim Arshad]] || Durga Viswanath, Thushar M K, Arun Gopan
|Mon – Fri
|-
| 3 ||28 April 2008 ||25 April 2009 ||Idea Cellular||[[Sharreth]], [[M. G. Sreekumar]], [[Ouseppachan]],/ [[P. Unnikrishnan]], /[[G. Venugopal]] [[Usha Uthup]] /[[L. R. Eswari]] ||[[Ranjini Haridas]], Ramya Raveendran, Devi || Vivekanand, Sonia || Gayathri, Jins Gopinath, Rahul, Prasobh
|Mon – Fri
|-
| 4 ||27 April 2009 ||1 August 2010||Idea Cellular ||[[Sharreth]], [[M. G. Sreekumar]], [[K. S. Chithra]] || [[Ranjini Haridas]] || Joby John || Sreenath Nair, Preethi Warrier, [[Anju Joseph]], Vidhyashankar
|Mon – Fri
|-
| 5 ||2 August 2010 ||24 September 2011 ||Idea Cellular||[[Sharreth]], [[M. G. Sreekumar]], [[K. S. Chithra]], [[Anuradha Sriram]] || [[Ranjini Haridas]] || [[Kalpana Raghavendar]] || [[Mridula Warrier]], Anthony, Immanuel
|Mon – Fri
|-
| 6 ||25 September 2011 ||22 December 2012||Idea Cellular||[[M. Jayachandran]], [[M. G. Sreekumar]], [[K. S. Chithra]], [[Anuradha Sriram]]|| [[Ranjini Haridas]]|| Merin Gregory || Megha, Merin Nandu, Rajeev , Shamshad, Sukesh Kuttan
|Mon – Fri
|-
|7||31 March 2014||21 September 2014||[[ITC Limited|Sunfeast Delicious]]||[[Rimi Tomy]] [[M. G. Sreekumar]] [[Anuradha Sriram]]||[[Rimi Tomy]]||Malavika Anilkumar||Malavika Anilkumar Reshma Aslam, Varsha Vaisakhy, Janaki, Manu<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/tv/Star-Singer-Finale-on-September-21/articleshow/42097326.cms|title=Star Singer Finale on 21 September |work=The Times of India|access-date=23 May 2017}}</ref>
|Mon – Fri
|-
|8||27 December 2020<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.asianetnews.com/video/entertainment/star-singer-season-8-telecast-on-asianet-today-onwards-qmnk83|title=സ്റ്റാര്‍ സിംഗര്‍ സീസണ്‍ 8 ഇന്ന് മുതല്‍ ഏഷ്യാനെറ്റില്‍; ഈ സീസണില്‍ 40 മത്സരാര്‍ത്ഥികള്‍|work=Asianet News}}</ref>||19 June 2022<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.asianetnews.com/video/entertainment/star-singer-live-finale-today-shreya-ghoshal-to-grace-the-stage-rdpmuo|title=സ്റ്റാര്‍ സിംഗര്‍ സീസണ്‍ 8 ഗ്രാന്റ് ഫിനാലെ ഇന്ന് ഏഷ്യാനെറ്റിൽ|work=Asianet News}}</ref>||[[Nestlé Munch]] & Swayamvara Silks||[[Sharreth]], [[K. S. Chithra]] , [[G. Venugopal]], [[Manjari (Indian singer)|Manjari]], [[Stephen Devassy]] Guest Jury:
[[Kalpana Raghavendar]]

[[Vidyadharan]]

[[Kavalam Sreekumar]] (Shruthy – final auditions)

[[P. Jayachandran]]/[[P. Susheela]] (Relaunch)

[[Nedumudi Venu]] (Vishu Special Episode)

[[Shreya Ghoshal]] (Grand Finale)

|Alina Padikkal (Shruthy Finals), [[Jewel Mary]] ||Rithu Krishna<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/malayalam/exclusive-star-singer-season-8-winner-ridhu-krishna-my-biggest-dream-is-to-become-a-playback-singer/articleshow/92833815.cms|title=Exclusive! Star Singer season 8 winner Ridhu Krishna: My biggest dream is to become a playback singer|work=The Times Of India}}</ref>||Akhil Dev, Arjun Unnikrishnan, Jeril Shaji, Krithika S, Milan Joy, Rithu Krishna, Vishnumaya Ramesh
|Weekends only
|-
|9 ||15 July 2023||20 October 2024<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/malayalam/star-singer-9-grand-finale-everything-we-know-so-far-about-the-gala-event/photostory/114369383.cms|title=Star Singer 9 Grand Finale: Everything we know so far about the gala event|work=The Times Of India}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.asianetnews.com/entertainment-news/asianet-star-singer-season-9-grand-finale-today-sln6a9|title=ഏറ്റുമുട്ടാൻ ആറ് പേർ, വിജയ കീരിടം ആർക്ക് ? സ്റ്റാർ സിംഗർ ഗ്രാൻഡ് ഫിനാലെ അങ്കമാലിയിൽ, വിശദ വിവരങ്ങൾ|work=Asianet News}}</ref>||Cutee the Beauty Soap(2023-2024) Pavizham Rice & MyG Future(2024)|| '''Main Panel:'''
[[K. S. Chithra]] [[Vidhu Prathap]] [[Sithara Krishnakumar]]

'''Guest Jury:'''

[[M. M. Keeravani]] (Grand Launch)

[[Vidyasagar (composer)|Vidyasagar]] (Relaunch)

[[Sujatha Mohan]]

[[Srinivas (singer)|Srinivas]]

[[Rahul Raj]]

[[Ranjin Raj]]

[[Hariharan (singer)|Hariharan]] (Grand Finale)
| Varsha Ramesh , [[Ranjini Haridas]] (Grand Finale)|| | Aravind Dileep Nair
|| Aravind, Disha, Nanda, Anusree, Balram, Sreerag <ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/malayalam/star-singer-9-grand-finale-meet-the-finalists-of-the-season/photostory/114244949.cms|title=Star Singer 9 Grand Finale: Meet the finalists of the season|work=The Times Of India}}</ref>
|Weekends only
|-
|10
|29 March 2025
|TBC
|Indian Institute of Commerce Lakshya & Skei Ice Creams
|'''Main Panel:'''
[[K. S. Chithra]] [[Vidhu Prathap]] [[Sithara (singer)|Sithara Krishnakumar]]
|Varsha Ramesh, [[Mithun Ramesh]](recurring)
|TBC
|TBC
|Weekends only<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/malayalam/from-jerry-amaldev-and-ouseppachan-lighting-the-lamp-to-manju-warrier-and-bhavana-sharing-the-stage-heres-everything-about-star-singer-10-grand-launch/photostory/119195818.cms|title=From Jerry Amaldev and Ouseppachan lighting the lamp to Manju Warrier and Bhavana sharing the stage: Here's everything about Star Singer 10 grand launch|work=The Times Of India}}</ref>
|}

===Junior===
{| class="wikitable"
! Season !! Aired from !! Aired till !! Sponsors !! Judges !! Anchor(s) !! Winners !! Finalists !! Telecast Frequency
|-
|1||6 September 2008||14 February 2010||rowspan=2|[[Nestlé Munch]]
|rowspan=2|[[Sujatha Mohan]], [[G. Venugopal]], [[Gopinath Muthukad]]
|[[Akhila Sasidharan]]||[[Swetha Ashok]]||Vishnu, Sadhika, Athira||Weekends only
|-
|2||20 February 2010||15 August 2011||[[Nazriya Nazim]]||Adarsh||Yadukrishnan, Vishnu, Vaishakhi
|Weekends only
|-
| 3||30 October 2022||19 March 2023||Mercely's Ice cream || [[Sithara Krishnakumar]] [[Kailas Menon]], [[Manjari (Indian singer)|Manjari]], [[Stephen Devassy]]
Guest Jury:
[[K. S. Chithra]]
[[Mano (singer)|Mano]]
|[[Jewel Mary]]|| Pallavi Ratheesh||Serah Robin, Saatvik S Satheesh, Pallavi Ratheesh, Hitaishini Bineesh, Aryan S N
|Mon- Fri (Until 25 November 2022)
Weekends Only (From 3 December 2022)
|}

==Controversies==

===SMS===
Asianet has not made clear how the SMS votes are attributed before and after on each contestants reaching the 'danger zone' leading to their elimination. It is alleged that the SMS votes received are not added to decide the ranking of the contestants. The number or the percentage of SMS votes received by each contestants are kept private from the viewers of the show. Since the channel has its reach over 60 countries including the [[Indian sub-continent]], [[Sri Lanka]], China, [[South East Asia]], Middle East, Europe, United States, Singapore and the lower half of the former [[Soviet Union]] at various time zones, the SMS voting end-time was initially not announced. Asianet later clarified after the eighth stage that SMS voting deadlines are based on [[Indian Time]].

According to Asianet sources, for the Grand Finale, weightage of SMS was just 5% of overall score with judges' score attributing the rest 95%.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Kochi/article551582.ece | location=Chennai, India | work=The Hindu | first=Prema | last=Manmadhan | title=The new singing stars | date=4 August 2010}}</ref>

=== Prizes ===
There are criticism from various corners saying that many of the winners didn't actually opt to receive the prizes because of the huge tax they had to pay for receiving the villa. That means the channel's advertisement of getting a villa through their sponsor is questioned. This got more visible in the case of ISS season 4 winner Joby John<ref>http://marunadanmalayalee.com/Jobyjohn-66854.htm {{Dead link|date=February 2022}}</ref>

==References and notes==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://www.keralatv.in/star-singer-8-auditions/?amp Season 8 Auditions Started]
*[http://www.asianetglobal.com Asianet site]

{{Malayalam journalism}}

[[Category:2000s Indian television series]]
[[Category:Asianet (TV channel) original programming]]
[[Category:Malayalam-language television shows]]
[[Category:Indian music television series]]

Ministry of Information Technology (India)

2026-04-30T12:21:54Z

FaustinoRicks4:

{{Short description|Former government ministry of India}}
{{one source|date=January 2024}}
{{Infobox government agency
| name = Ministry of Information Technology
| agency_name =
| type = Ministry
| seal = Emblem of India.svg
| seal_width = 70
| seal_caption =
| logo =
| formed = 13 October 1999
| dissolved = 22 December 2001
| preceding1 = [[Ministry of Communications (India)|Ministry of Communications]]
| superseding1 = [[Ministry of Communications and Information Technology (India)|Ministry of Communications and Information Technology]]
| jurisdiction = [[Government of India]]
}}

The '''Ministry of Information Technology''' is a former cabinet-level ministry of the [[Government of India]] which was responsible for promoting internet, IT policy and strategy along with e-commerce and knowledge-based industries. The ministry also included the Department of Electronics and took over the Internet and e-commerce services from the [[Ministry of Communications (India)|Ministry of Communications]]. The ministry was established on 13 October 1999 by then Prime Minister [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nature.com/articles/44658|title=Indian government faces controversy over new IT ministry|author=K. S. Jayaraman|website=nature.com|date=28 October 1999|access-date=17 January 2024}}</ref>

The Ministry of Information Technology was merged with the [[Ministry of Communications (India)|Ministry of Communications]] to form the [[Ministry of Communications and Information Technology (India)|Ministry of Communications and Information Technology]] on 22 December 2001. In 2016, the Ministry of Communications and Information Technology was further bifurcated to form the Ministry of Communications and the [[Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology]]. Upon the merger, the Department of Information Technology and later the Department of Electronics and IT was created.

==Ministers==

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! rowspan="2" colspan="2"| Portrait
! rowspan="2" style="width:18em" |Minister {{small|(Birth-Death) Constituency}}
! colspan="3" |Term of office
! rowspan="2" style="width:8em" |Political party
! rowspan="2" style="width:6em" | Ministry
! rowspan="2" colspan="2" |Prime Minister
|-
! style="width:9em"| From
! style="width:9em"| To
! style="width:6em"| Period
|-
| bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|
| [[File:Atal Bihari Vajpayee (crop 2).jpg|70px]]
| '''[[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]]''' {{small|(1924{{ndash}}2018) MP for [[Lucknow Lok Sabha constituency|Lucknow]]}} (Prime Minister)
| 13 October 1999
| 22 November 1999
| {{ayd|13 Oct 1999|22 Nov 1999}}
| rowspan="2"| [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| rowspan="2"| [[Third Vajpayee ministry|Vajpayee III]]
| rowspan="2" style="width:7em"| [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]]
|-
| bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|
| [[File:Pramod jee.jpg|70px]]
| '''[[Pramod Mahajan]]''' {{small|(1949{{ndash}}2006) MP for [[Maharashtra]] (Rajya Sabha)}}
| 22 November 1999
| 22 December 2001
| {{ayd|22 Nov 1999|22 Dec 2001}}
|-
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Union ministries of India}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ministry of Information Technology}}
[[Category:Defunct government ministries of India]]
[[Category:Ministry of Communications and Information Technology (India)]]

Nagarkurnool Assembly constituency

2026-04-28T06:58:08Z

FaustinoRicks4: Started

{{Short description|Constituency of the Telangana legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2021}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Nagarkurnool
| map_image = Legislative Assembly constituencies of Telangana (81-Nagarkurnool highlighted).png
| map_caption = Location of Nagarkurnool Assembly constituency within Telangana
| mla = [[Kuchkulla Rajesh Reddy]]
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]
| state = [[Telangana]]
| district = [[Nagarkurnool district|Nagarkurnool]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Nagarkurnool Lok Sabha constituency|Nagarkurnool]]
| established = 1951
| electors = 211,288
| type = SLA
| reservation = None
| constituency_no = 81
| latest_election_year = [[2023 Telangana Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
}}

'''Nagarkurnool Assembly constituency''' is a constituency of [[Telangana Legislative Assembly]], [[India]]. It is one of four constituencies in [[Nagarkurnool district]]. It is part of [[Nagarkurnool Lok Sabha constituency]].

[[Kuchkulla Rajesh Reddy]] of [[Indian National Congress]] won the seat in [[2023 Telangana Legislative Assembly election]].

==Mandals==
The Assembly Constituency presently comprises the following Mandals:
{{srn}}
{|class="wikitable sortable static-row-numbers static-row-header-hash"
!Mandal
|-
| [[Nagarkurnool]]
|-
| [[Bijinapalle]]
|-
| [[Tadoor]]
|-
| [[Telkapalle|Telkapally]]
|-
| Thimmajipet
|-
|}

== Members of Legislative Assembly ==

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year of election
! MLA
! colspan="2" | Political party
|-
! colspan=4| [[Hyderabad State]]
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[1952 Hyderabad State Legislative Assembly election|1952]]
| B. Brahma Reddy
|{{Full party name with color|Independent (politician)|rowspan=2}}
|-
| D. Ramaswamy
|-
! colspan=4| [[Andhra Pradesh]]
|-
|[[1957 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1957]]
| Janardhan Reddy
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[1962 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1962]]
| P. Mahendranath
|-
|[[1967 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
| rowspan=2|Vanga Narayan Goud
| {{Full party name with color|Independent (politician)}}
|-
|[[1972 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1972]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=3}}
|-
|[[1978 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1978]]
| Srinivasa Rao
|-
|[[1983 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1983]]
| Vanga Narayan Goud
|-
|[[1985 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1985]]
| [[Nagam Janardhan Reddy]]
| {{Full party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
|-
|[[1989 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1989]]
| Vanga Narayan Goud
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[1994 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1994]]
| rowspan=5 | Nagam Janardhan Reddy
| {{Full party name with color|Telugu Desam Party|rowspan=4}}
|-
|[[1999 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1999]]
|-
|[[2004 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2004]]
|-
|[[2009 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2009]]
|-
| 2012^
| {{Full party name with color|Independent (politician)}}
|-
! colspan=4| [[Telangana]]
|-
|[[2014 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2014]]
| rowspan=2 | [[Marri Janardhan Reddy]]
| {{Full party name with color|Telangana Rashtra Samithi|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[2018 Telangana Legislative Assembly election|2018]]
|-
|[[2023 Telangana Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
|Dr. [[Kuchkulla Rajesh Reddy]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|}

^by-election

==Election results==
=== Telangana Legislative Assembly election, 2023 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2023 Telangana Legislative Assembly election]]: Nagarkurnool Assembly constituency}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
| party = Indian National Congress
| candidate = Dr. [[Kuchkulla Rajesh Reddy]]
| votes = 87,161
| percentage = 47.21
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Bharat Rashtra Samithi|candidate=[[Marri Janardhan Reddy]]|votes=81,913|percentage=44.37|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Jana Sena Party|candidate=Vanga Lakshman Goud|votes=1,955|percentage=1.06|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=None of the above|candidate=[[None of the Above]]|votes=1,122|percentage=0.61|change=}}
{{Election box majority|votes=5,248|percentage=2.84|change=}}
{{Election box turnout|votes=1,84,616|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|winner=Indian National Congress
|loser=Telangana Rashtra Samithi
|swing=}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2018 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2018 Telangana Legislative Assembly election]]: Nagarkurnool}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
| party = Telangana Rashtra Samithi
| candidate = [[Marri Janardhan Reddy]]
| votes = 1,02,493
| percentage = 60.80
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Indian National Congress|candidate=[[Nagam Janardhan Reddy]]|votes=48,139|percentage=28.56|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=Dileep Neddanori|votes=3,923|percentage=2.33|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=None of the above|candidate=[[None of the Above]]|votes=923|percentage=0.55|change=}}
{{Election box majority|votes=54,354|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box turnout|votes=1,68,581|percentage=83.21|change=}}
{{Election box hold with party link
| winner = Telangana Rashtra Samithi
|loser =
| swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===Telangana Legislative Assembly election, 2014 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2014 Telangana Legislative Assembly election|Telangana Assembly Elections, 2014]]: Nagarkurnool (Assembly constituency)}}<ref>{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20150924043906/http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=997&cid=81 Nagarkurnool Results]}}</ref>
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Telangana Rashtra Samithi|candidate=[[Marri Janardhan Reddy]]|votes=62,470|percentage=41.34%|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Indian National Congress|candidate=Kuchakulla Damodar Reddy|votes=48,035|percentage=31.79%|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=Dr. Nagam Shashidhar Reddy|votes=27,789|percentage=18.39%|change=}}
{{Election box majority|votes=14,435|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box turnout|votes=1,51,117|percentage=76.07%|change=}}
{{Election box gain with party link
| winner = Telangana Rashtra Samithi
|loser = Bharatiya Janata Party
| swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[List of constituencies of Telangana Legislative Assembly]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Telangana}}
{{coord|16.49|78.31|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Telangana]]
[[Category:Nagarkurnool district]]
[[Category:Politics of Telangana]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1951]]

Aga Khan Agency for Habitat

2026-04-25T19:40:15Z

FaustinoRicks4: added basic stub w/ infobox

{{Short description|Habitat and disaster preparedness agency in Asia}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2024}}
{{Infobox organization
| name = Aga Khan Agency for Habitat
| formation = 2016
| mapframe-coordinates = {{Coord|46.2239|N|6.1481|E}}
| abbreviation = AKAH
| headquarters = 1-3 Avenue de la Paix, 1202 [[Geneva]], [[Switzerland]]
| region_served = {{hlist|[[South Asia]]|[[Central Asia]]|[[Middle East]]}}
| affiliations = [[Aga Khan Development Network]]
| website = {{URL|https://the.akdn/en/how-we-work/our-agencies/aga-khan-agency-habitat|AKAH}}
}}

The '''Aga Khan Agency for Habitat''' ('''AKAH''') was established in 2016 and is part of the [[Aga Khan Development Network]] (AKDN). It is an umbrella of AKDN agencies and programs that have provided aid and delivered training on habitat and disaster preparedness since the 1990s.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Aga Khan Agency for Habitat {{!}} Aga Khan Development Network |url=https://www.akdn.org/our-agencies/aga-khan-agency-habitat |access-date=2022-03-18 |website=www.akdn.org}}</ref>

The former Aga Khan Planning and Building Service, Pakistan (AKBPSP) is now known as Aga Khan Agency for Habitat. Pakistan.<ref>{{Cite news |date=1 June 2023 |title=MoU signed between AKAH, Serena Hotels |url=https://www.proquest.com/docview/2821276381 |access-date=2024-06-12 |work=Pakistan Observer |location=Islamabad |id={{ProQuest|2821276381}} }}</ref>

== History and purpose ==
AKAH operates in [[Afghanistan]], [[Tajikistan]], [[Syria]], [[Pakistan]] and [[India]]. It bridges various AKDN initiatives, including Focus Humanitarian Assistance, and the Aga Khan Planning and Building Services.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Introduction of Aga Khan Agency for Habitat in Afghanistan |url=https://tolonews.com/afghanistan/aga-khan-foundation-launches-settlement-programs |access-date=2022-03-18 |website=TOLOnews |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=PRESS RELEASE: Better Shelter launches Structure: an emergency shelter and fundraising campaign : Better Shelter |url=https://bettershelter.org/press-release-better-shelter-launches-structure-an-emergency-shelter-and-fundraising-campaign/ |access-date=2022-03-18 |website=bettershelter.org}}</ref>

The Agency has provided emergency aid to communities who have suffered the consequences of [[Tropical cyclone|hurricanes]], [[cyclones]], [[avalanches]], [[Tsunami|tsunamis]], [[flooding]], [[Earthquake|earthquakes]] and civil conflict.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Aga Khan Agency for Habitat: Disaster Preparedness and Response {{!}} Aga Khan Development Network |url=https://www.akdn.org/our-agencies/aga-khan-agency-habitat/aga-khan-agency-habitat-disaster-preparedness-and-response |access-date=2022-03-18 |website=www.akdn.org}}</ref> It also works alongside communities occupying high-risk areas to safety plan by providing preparation and response training on natural and man-made disasters, as well as the effects of [[climate change]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-02-17 |title=Pakistani women scale the heights in rescue teams |url=https://www.thethirdpole.net/en/nature/pakistani-women-scale-the-heights-in-rescue-teams/ |access-date=2022-03-18 |website=The Third Pole |language=en-US}}</ref>

Michael Kocher currently serves as General Manager of the Agency.

AKAH advocates for equitable access to safe physical settings with reduced exposure to the effects of natural disasters regardless of socioeconomic status. To allow for progression and an improved quality of life, the Agency also ensures that these settings are equipped with accessible social and financial resources.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Resilient Khorog Steering Committee meets last week to discuss the progress on KURP {{!}} Tajikistan News ASIA-Plus |url=https://asiaplustj.info/en/node/298283 |access-date=2022-03-18 |website=asiaplustj.info}}</ref>

== Disaster preparedness and response ==
AKAH trains volunteer teams to warn and safely evacuate people before disasters strike and respond with first aid, search and rescue, and emergency relief post-disaster.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ebrahim |first=Zofeen T. |date=2021-02-18 |title=Pakistani women scale the heights in rescue teams |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1608042 |access-date=2022-03-18 |website=DAWN.COM |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2020-12-03 |title=Pakistan project wins award for shielding villages from natural disasters |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-pakistan-housing-climate-trfn-idUSKBN28D1MI |access-date=2022-03-18}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Villagers 'Living Between Life And Death' As Pakistan's Glaciers Melt |url=https://gandhara.rferl.org/a/villagers-living-between-life-and-death-as-pakistan-s-glaciers-melt/29417520.html |access-date=2022-03-18 |website=RFE/RL |language=en}}</ref>

These volunteers are called Community Emergency Response Teams (CERTs).<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-02-17 |title=Pakistani women scale the heights in rescue teams |url=https://www.thethirdpole.net/en/nature/pakistani-women-scale-the-heights-in-rescue-teams/ |access-date=2022-03-18 |website=The Third Pole |language=en-US}}</ref> Presently, a network of 162 CERTs and 36,000 volunteers serve as first responders. More than 50% of the volunteers are women.

In response to disasters, emergency survival relief consists of safe drinking water, temporary shelter, nutritional food, clothing, blankets and basic household items.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Aga Khan Agency for Habitat: Disaster Preparedness and Response {{!}} Aga Khan Development Network |url=https://www.akdn.org/our-agencies/aga-khan-agency-habitat/aga-khan-agency-habitat-disaster-preparedness-and-response |access-date=2022-03-18 |website=www.akdn.org}}</ref>

The Agency has distributed food and established rehabilitation camps to be used as quarantine sites within the geographic regions it operates in as a response to the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Emergency response to COVID-19 in Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Region (GBAO) {{!}} Tajikistan News ASIA-Plus |url=https://asiaplustj.info/en/node/292625 |access-date=2022-03-29 |website=asiaplustj.info}}</ref>

== Water and sanitation ==
To aid with access to clean water and sanitation, AKAH collaborates with local communities through the Water and Sanitation Extension Programme (WASEP), a flagship programme that has been in operation since 1997.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ali |first=Manzoor |date=2021-02-17 |title=Work on mini hydropower units stuck in slow lane |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1607752 |access-date=2022-03-29 |website=DAWN.COM |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-10-08 |title=5,500 houses of central Hunza to get clean drinking water |url=http://tribune.com.pk/story/2267522/5500-houses-of-central-hunza-to-get-clean-drinking-water |access-date=2022-03-29 |website=The Express Tribune |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Aga Khan Agency for Habitat: Water and sanitation programme {{!}} Aga Khan Development Network |url=https://www.akdn.org/our-agencies/aga-khan-agency-habitat/aga-khan-agency-habitat-water-and-sanitation-programme |access-date=2022-03-29 |website=www.akdn.org}}</ref> More than 500,000 people have benefitted from the building of the water supply systems.<ref>{{Cite web |date=13 December 2017 |title=The Aga Khan – 60 years of developing communities |url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/1582559/aga-khan-60-years-developing-communities |access-date=29 March 2022 |website=Tribune.com.pk}}</ref>

== Safe and sustainable construction ==
After consultation with local communities, the Agency has pooled resources with the [[Harvard University]] Graduate School of Design for solutions to design and construct green, energy-efficient and seismically resilient structures.

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Aga Khan Development Network]]
[[Category:International development agencies]]

Blink (2024 Indian film)

2026-04-24T02:47:31Z

FaustinoRicks4:

{{short description|2024 Kannada film directed by Srinidhi Bengaluru}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2024}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Blink
| image = Blink (2024 film).jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = Srinidhi Bengaluru
| producer = Ravichandra AJ
| story = Srinidhi Bengaluru
| screenplay = Srinidhi Bengaluru
| starring = [[Dheekshith Shetty]] [[Chaithra J Achar]] [[Gopalkrishna Deshpande]] Mandara Battalahalli
| music = Prasanna Kumar MS
| cinematography = Avinaasha Shastry
| editing = Sanjeev Jagirdar
| studio = Janani Pictures
| distributor = Janani Pictures
| released = {{Film date|df=y|2024|03|08}}
| runtime = 136 minutes
| country = India
| language = Kannada
| budget =
| gross =
}}

'''''Blink''''' is a 2024 Indian [[Kannada]]-language [[science fiction]] [[Thriller film|thriller]] film written and directed by debutant Srinidhi Bengaluru. The film stars [[Dheekshith Shetty]] and [[Chaithra J Achar]] in lead roles. The soundtrack and background score were composed by Prasanna Kumar MS, while the cinematography handled by Avinaasha Shastry and editing done by Sanjeev Jagirdar.<ref>{{Cite web |last=S |first=Pranati A. |title=Bengaluru sees housefull shows for Kannada film 'Blink' |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/karnataka/bengaluru/bengaluru-sees-housefull-shows-for-kannada-film-blink-2933688 |access-date=2024-03-17 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en |archive-date=13 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240313051651/https://www.deccanherald.com/india/karnataka/bengaluru/bengaluru-sees-housefull-shows-for-kannada-film-blink-2933688 |url-status=live }}</ref>

''Blink'' was released on 8 March 2024 to positive reviews from critics, who praised the direction, editing, music and acting.<ref name="praise">{{Cite web |last=S |first=Pranati A. |title=Bengaluru sees housefull shows for Kannada film 'Blink' |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/karnataka/bengaluru/bengaluru-sees-housefull-shows-for-kannada-film-blink-2933688 |access-date=2024-03-30 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en |archive-date=13 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240313051651/https://www.deccanherald.com/india/karnataka/bengaluru/bengaluru-sees-housefull-shows-for-kannada-film-blink-2933688 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Interview: Srinidhi Bengaluru opens up as his Kannada film Blink creates a buzz |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/flix/interview-srinidhi-bengaluru-opens-up-as-his-kannada-film-blink-creates-a-buzz |work=The News Minute |date=15 March 2024 |access-date=9 November 2025}}</ref>

== Plot ==
Apoorva, a 24-year-old in [[Bengaluru]], conceals his failed MA from his mother. Juggling part-time jobs, he relies on his love interest, Swapna, for support. Apurva's unique ability to control blinking becomes a curse when a mysterious old man reveals his father's survival.

==Cast==
{{cast listing|
* [[Dheekshith Shetty]] as Apoorva
**Suresh Anagali as Old Arivu, Muduka
**Vajradheer Jain as Arivu
* Mandara Battalahalli as Swapna
* [[Chaithra J Achar]] as Devaki
* [[Gopalkrishna Deshpande]] as Gopal Krishna
* Soumyasree Marnad as Yashoda
* Kiran Naik as Kallaih
* Yashaswini Rao
* Murali Sringeri
* Bharath K Tumkuru
* Tejesh SM
* Nagaraj Rao
* [[Hulikal Nataraj]] as himself, cameo appearance
* Vishal Jaivik as Suresh
}}

== Music ==
{{Infobox album
| name = Blink
| type = Soundtrack
| artist = Prasanna Kumar M S
| cover =
| border = yes
| alt =
| caption = Soundtrack cover
| released = 2023, 2024
| recorded = 2024
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Film soundtrack|Feature film soundtrack]]
| length = 23:52
| label = Janani Pictures
| producer = Prasanna Kumar MS
| prev_title =
| prev_year =
| next_title =
| next_year =
}}
Prasanna Kumar MS composed the film's background music and soundtrack.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-10-14 |title=Sakhi Song From Dheekshith Shetty's Upcoming Film Blink Released; Watch Here |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/sakhi-song-from-dheekshith-shettys-upcoming-film-blink-released-watch-here-8617776.html |access-date=2024-02-29 |website=News18 |language=en |archive-date=29 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240229134626/https://www.news18.com/movies/sakhi-song-from-dheekshith-shettys-upcoming-film-blink-released-watch-here-8617776.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
{{Track listing
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Artist(s)
| title1 = Aaganthuka
| length1 = 3:15
| lyrics1 = Srinidhi Bengaluru
| extra1 = Anup K R, Kaumudhi Chandrashekar
| title2 = Sakhi
| length2 = 4:39
| lyrics2 = Pramod Maravanthe
| extra2 = Siddhartha Belmannu
| title3 = Kannalli Nooru
| length3 = 3:36
| lyrics3 = Deepa Baraati
| extra3 = Sunidhi Ganesh
| title4 = Sariva Samaya
| length4 = 3:45
| lyrics4 = Jayanth Kaikini
| extra4 = Pancham Jeeva
| title5 = Ayomaya
| length5 = 2:35
| lyrics5 = Jayanth Kumar
| extra5 = Pancham Jeeva
| title6 = Kauthuka
| length6 = 3:04
| lyrics6 = Trilok Trivikram
| extra6 = Kaumudhi Chandrashekhar
| title7 = Aadi Ba - DJ Mix
| length7 = 2:58
| lyrics7 = Folk
| extra7 = Girija Siddhi, Kalyan Manjunath
| total_length = 23:52
}}

== Release ==

=== Theatrical ===
''Blink'' was theatrically released in India on 8 March 2024, coinciding with [[Maha Shivaratri]], in limited screens across [[Karnataka]] but were increased over time owing to good word-of-mouth reviews from the audience.<ref name="praise" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Kannada |first=TV9 |date=2024-03-24 |title=ಪ್ರೇಕ್ಷಕರ ಮನಗೆದ್ದ 'ಬ್ಲಿಂಕ್', ಶೋಗಳ ಸಂಖ್ಯೆ ಹೆಚ್ಚಳ |url=https://tv9kannada.com/entertainment/sandalwood/blink-kannada-movie-getting-good-response-movie-show-number-rises-mcr-804764.html |access-date=2024-03-30 |website=TV9 Kannada |language=kn |archive-date=30 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240330091001/https://tv9kannada.com/entertainment/sandalwood/blink-kannada-movie-getting-good-response-movie-show-number-rises-mcr-804764.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The film was also released overseas in the following days by Sandalwood Talkies. The film competed 50 days across Karnataka.<ref>{{Cite web |title=50 days of Blink: From struggle for theatres, to battling piracy and more |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/50-days-of-blink-from-struggle-for-theatres-to-battling-piracy-and-more/240a652b57834 |access-date=2024-05-15 |website=OTTPlay |language=en}}</ref>

=== Home media ===
The film became available for digital streaming in US and UK on [[Amazon Prime Video]] on 9 May 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dheekshith Shetty's Blink is now on OTT, but there's a catch |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/blink-is-now-on-ott-but-theres-a-catch/f3af66888d600 |access-date=2024-05-15 |website=OTTPlay |language=en |archive-date=15 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240515045541/https://www.ottplay.com/news/blink-is-now-on-ott-but-theres-a-catch/f3af66888d600 |url-status=live }}</ref> In India it started streaming from 14 May 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-05-15 |title=Blink On Prime: When And Where To Watch Dheekshith Shetty's Hit Film |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/kannada/blink-on-ott-article-110133127 |access-date=2024-05-15 |website=Times Now |language=en |archive-date=15 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240515045542/https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/kannada/blink-on-ott-article-110133127 |url-status=live }}</ref> The dubbed versions of Telugu, Malayalam, Tamil, Hindi and Bengali were released on the same platform. It was dubbed in 17 worldwide languages and released on [[Aha (streaming service)|Aha]] later.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Blink on OTT: Where to watch Telugu version of Dheekshith Shetty's sci-fi film |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/blink-on-ott-where-to-watch-telugu-version-of-dheekshith-shettys-sci-fi-film/eae72f8a99191 |access-date=2024-09-27 |website=OTTPlay |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Blink out on OTT: Stream latest Kannada science-fiction film in Tamil here |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/blink-out-on-ott-stream-latest-kannada-science-fiction-film-in-tamil-here/a8c50b7168622 |access-date=2024-09-27 |website=OTTPlay |language=en}}</ref>

== Reception ==
In his review for ''[[The Hindu]]'', Vivek M.V. applauded ''Blink'' by debut director Srinidhi Bengaluru, highlighting the time-travel drama and performances by Dheekshith Shetty, Gopalkrishna Deshpande and Chaithra J Achar. She praised the film's fusion of technical elements and its ability to hold audience attention throughout its runtime with enough twists. She found ''Blink'' to be a genre-specific film that required strong attention and investment to fully appreciate its complexities.<ref>{{Cite news |last=M.V |first=Vivek |date=2024-03-09 |title='Blink' movie review: Srinidhi Bengaluru makes a solid debut with a gripping time-travel drama |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/blink-movie-review-srinidhi-bengaluru-makes-a-solid-debut-with-a-gripping-time-travel-drama/article67932324.ece |access-date=2024-03-17 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=14 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240314221410/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/blink-movie-review-srinidhi-bengaluru-makes-a-solid-debut-with-a-gripping-time-travel-drama/article67932324.ece |url-status=live }}</ref> Pranati AS, of ''[[Deccan Herald]]'', bestowed 'Blink' with a commendable 4 out of 5 rating. In her review, she eloquently described the film as more than just a commercial endeavor, highlighting its exceptional writing and the seamless integration of time-travel narrative with music, poetry, and theatre."<ref>{{Cite web |last=S |first=Pranati A. |title='Blink' movie review: Brilliantly executed time-travel sci-fi drama |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/entertainment/blink-movie-review-brilliantly-executed-time-travel-sci-fi-drama-2928616 |access-date=2024-03-18 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref>

In her review for ''[[Cinema Express]]'', A Sharadhaa praised the movie as a sci-fi thriller that weaved together the complexities of time travel. She praised Bengaluru's vision for challenging cinematic norms and pushing boundaries. She gave the film a rating of 3.5 out of 5 stars.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sharadhaa |first=A. |date=2024-03-09 |title=Blink Movie Review: A riveting sci-fi thriller about time and fate |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/kannada/review/2024/Mar/09/blink-movie-review-a-riveting-sci-fi-thriller-about-time-and-fate |access-date=2024-03-10 |website=Cinema Express |language=en |archive-date=10 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240310065018/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/kannada/review/2024/Mar/09/blink-movie-review-a-riveting-sci-fi-thriller-about-time-and-fate |url-status=live }}</ref> Shashiprasad S M of ''[[Times Now]]'' in his review described "Blink provides a unique experience of time travel, showcasing a different cinematic world, appreciated for its efforts by the reviewer. The film intricately weaves through various timelines, keeping the audience hooked with its blend of fiction and intense drama. Performances by the cast, especially Deekshit Shetty, contribute to the thrilling journey, making Blink a captivating watch and with 3.5 out of 5 rating.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-03-08 |title=Blink Review: Makes You Experience Time Travel In The Blink Of An Eye! |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/reviews/kannada/blink-review-makes-you-experience-time-travel-in-the-blink-of-an-eye-review-108314077 |access-date=2024-03-18 |website=TimesNow |language=en |archive-date=9 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240309073941/https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/reviews/kannada/blink-review-makes-you-experience-time-travel-in-the-blink-of-an-eye-review-108314077 |url-status=live }}</ref>

Sridevi S, in her review for ''[[The Times of India]]'', rated ''Blink'' with 3/5 stars. She found it was an experimental venture in Sandalwood, delving into the realm of sci-fi with emotional depth. She praised Bengaluru's skillful storytelling and the ensemble cast's performances.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Blink Movie Review : Blink Review: A Thrilling Ride Through Time |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-reviews/blink/movie-review/108343455.cms |access-date=2024-03-17 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=9 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240309073943/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-reviews/blink/movie-review/108343455.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> Prathibha Joy of ''[[OTTPlay]]'' in her review wrote "Dheekshith Shetty’s sci-fi flick is a bold and engaging take on [[Oedipus]]".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Blink movie review: Dheekshith Shetty's sci-fi flick is a bold take on Oedipus |url=https://www.ottplay.com/review/blink-movie-review-dheekshith-shettys-sci-fi-flick-is-a-bold-and-engaging-take-on-oedipus/f928e66ca7691 |access-date=2024-03-30 |website=OTTPlay |language=en |archive-date=9 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240309075450/https://www.ottplay.com/review/blink-movie-review-dheekshith-shettys-sci-fi-flick-is-a-bold-and-engaging-take-on-oedipus/f928e66ca7691 |url-status=live }}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{IMDb title|tt19874970}}

[[Category:2024 Kannada-language films]]
[[Category:Indian science fiction thriller films]]
[[Category:Films shot in Karnataka]]
[[Category:2024 films]]
[[Category:2024 thriller films]]
[[Category:2024 science fiction films]]
[[Category:2024 directorial debut films]]
[[Category:Time loop films]]
[[Category:Indian fantasy thriller films]]
[[Category:Indian time travel films]]
[[Category:Surrealist films]]
[[Category:2020s films about time travel]]
[[Category:Films shot in Bengaluru]]
[[Category:Films set in Bengaluru]]
[[Category:Films set in Karnataka]]

Lohtamia

2026-04-22T23:08:26Z

FaustinoRicks4: New!

{{Short description|Rajput clan of Bihar, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2019}}
'''Lohtamia''' are a [[Rajput]] clan and are said to furnish excellent soldiers by the British Historians . They are old [[Solar dynasty|Suryavanshi]] Kshatriya and descendants of Lav ( Son of Ram ). They migrated from Lahore and established their kingdom Lohgadh and in 11th century. They settled around gangetic area in Bihar and U.P. It is said that they were such a courageous Rajput community who never made any matrimonial alliances with the Mughals in order to save their daughters from the eyes of Muslim invaders, they went and settled on the banks of Ganga in Bihar.

Lohtamia had moved from Lahore (Lohkot).
Their dynasty ruled over Lohgadh (somewhere in the west), the [[Lohagad|Lohgadh]] fort was originally built by Lohtambh Rajputs [https://maharashtratourism.gov.in/tourist-intrests/forts/].

Some Raghuvansi Kshatriya moved from Lohgadh state (somewhere in the west) and lived in Arrah, Balia & Ghazipur District . Due to the migration from Lohgadh they got the name Lohthambh and later to Lohtamiya Rajput. At Present day they are having around 40-45 villages in Arrah and Balia District. The commander of Shershah Suri , Sri Pahad Singh Ji was a Lohtamia Rajput. Lohthamia Rajputs fought alongside Babu Veer Kunwar Singh in first battle of 1857 Independence War in India against the Dumraon Estate and Britishers.Lohtamia Rajput Sri Vishwanath Singh Ji supported to Subhash Chandra Bose with his friend from Rajput Regiment in Rangoon War. As a Sainik of Azad Hind Fauz, Sri Viswanath Singh Ji was hanged till death by the British Company.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://scontent.fpat1-1.fna.fbcdn.net/v/t1.18169-9/307939_315065885267949_1443624600_n.jpg?_nc_cat=105&ccb=1-7&_nc_sid=f798df&_nc_ohc=9YCKSlFtim8Q7kNvgH72Aau&_nc_ht=scontent.fpat1-1.fna&oh=00_AYD5i8U5lv0jGNp5mxhBqxKAUJcmee993QtYXzUmWyL2qQ&oe=66B17D5A |title=Kshatriya Kul Parichayika |author= Thakur Ramesh Singh Raghav|publisher= Akhil Bhartiya Kshatriye Manch |year=2000}}(p. 54)</ref>

==History==

Lohtamia Rajputs were an important ruling family in [[Mithilā (ancient city)|Mithila]].<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kwxuAAAAMAAJ|title=Perspectives on Indian Society and History: A Critique |editor-first=Hetukar |editor-last=Jha |editor-link=Hetukar Jha |publisher=Manohar |year=2002|isbn=9788173044229 }}(p. 114)</ref>

They migrated to [[Rajnagar Bihar|Rajnagar]] and occupied multiple villages in the area with all Lohtamias claiming descent from a common ancestor.<ref name="Witsoe2013">{{cite book|author=Jeffrey Witsoe|title=Democracy against Development: Lower-Caste Politics and Political Modernity in Postcolonial India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sQcGAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA142|date=5 November 2013|publisher=University of Chicago Press|isbn=978-0-226-06350-8}}(p.142)</ref> During the 17th century, they occupied a fort known as ''Rajnagar garh'', the remains of which are still visible today. Elders from the community state that they engaged in territorial disputes with other Rajput lineages including the Rajas of [[Dumraon Raj|Dumraon]].<ref name="Witsoe2013" />

Rajnagar developed into a minor chiefdom that was heavily militarised and the Lohtamia [[zamindar]]s dominated life in the region however by the British-era, many Lohtamias lost their dominance due to continuous disputes with other Rajput clans and neighbouring castes.<ref name="Witsoe2013" />

==See also==
*[[Babu Saheb]]
*[[Purbiya]]
*[[Babuaan]]
*[[Lohagad|Lohgadh]]
*[[Badgujar]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Rajput Groups |state=expanded}}
[[Category:Rajput clans of Bihar]]

Vaishali Nagar Assembly constituency

2026-04-19T19:36:31Z

FaustinoRicks4: Done.

{{short description|Legislative Assembly constituency in Chhattisgarh State, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2021}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Vaishali Nagar
| mla = [[Rikesh Sen]]
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| state = [[Chhattisgarh]]
| district = [[Durg district|Durg]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Durg (Lok Sabha constituency)|Durg]]
| established = 2008
| reservation = None
| electors = {{formatnum:251284}}<ref name=election2023>{{cite web |url=https://www.eci.gov.in/chhattisgarh-legislative-election-2023-statistical-report |title=State Election, 2023 to the Legislative Assembly Of Chhattisgarh |website=Election Commission of India |date= |accessdate=25 January 2023 |url-access=limited}}</ref>{{update after|2029|1}}
| type = SLA
| latest_election_year = [[2023 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
| preceded_by = Vidya Ratan Bhasin
| constituency_no = 66
| map_image = Vaishali Nagar Assembly constituency map.svg
}}
'''Vaishali Nagar''' is one of the 90 [[Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]] constituencies of [[Chhattisgarh]] state in [[India]].<ref name=ceoMap>{{cite web |url=https://ceochhattisgarh.nic.in/en/new-maps-assembly-constituency |title=New Maps of Assembly Constituency |website=ceochhattisgarh.nic.in |accessdate= 3 February 2021}}</ref>

It comprises parts of Durg tehsil, in [[Durg district]].<ref name="delimitation2008">{{cite web |url=https://upload.indiacode.nic.in/showfile?actid=AC_CEN_3_20_00030_200233_1517807324510&type=order&filename=Delimitation%20Order,2008.pdf |title=Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008 |date=26 November 2008 |access-date= 24 June 2021}}</ref> As of 2023, its representative is Shri Rikesh Sen of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/story/vaishali-nagar-assembly-election-results-2023-live-2470885-2023-12-03 |title=Vaishali Nagar Assembly Election Results 2023 Highlights: BJP's Rikesh Sen wins Vaishali Nagar with 98272 votes |date= |author= |access-date= 31 December 2023}}</ref>{{update after|2029|2}}

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Election
!Name
!colspan=2|Party
|-
|colspan=4 |''Prior to 2008: Constituency did not exist''
|-
|[[2008 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election|2008]]<ref name="election2008">{{cite web |title=State Election, 2008 to the Legislative Assembly Of Chhattisgarh |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3883-chhattisgarh-2008/ |accessdate=31 December 2021 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref>
| [[Saroj Pandey]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=1}}
|-
|[[2009 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election|2008]]<ref name="by election2009">{{cite web |title=State Election, 2009 to the Legislative Assembly Of Chhattisgarh |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3883-chhattisgarh-2008/ |accessdate=31 December 2021 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref>
| [[Bhajan Singh Nirankari]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=1}}
|-
|[[2013 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election|2013]]<ref name=election2013>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3884-chhattisgarh-2013/ |title=State Election, 2013 to the Legislative Assembly Of Chhattisgarh |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |accessdate= 31 December 2021}}</ref>
|rowspan=2| Vidya Ratan Bhasin
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janta Party|rowspan=3}}

|-
|[[2018 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election|2018]]<ref name=election2018/>
|-
|[[2023 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
|[[Rikesh Sen]]
|}

== Election results ==

===2023===
{{Election box begin | title= [[2023 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election]]: Vaishali Nagar<ref name=election2023/>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|candidate = [[Rikesh Sen]]
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = 98,272
|percentage = 59.45
|change = +9.73
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Mukesh Chandrakar|party=Indian National Congress|votes=58,198|percentage=35.21|change=-2.18}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Yogesh Sahu|party=Janta Congress Chhattisgarh|votes=2,020|percentage=1.22|change=-6.07}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Dinesh Kumar|party=Bahujan Samaj Party|votes=1,670|percentage=1.01|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[None of the Above]]|party=None of the above|votes=892|percentage=0.54|change=-1.32}}
{{Election box majority|votes=40,074|percentage=24.24|change=+11.91}}
{{Election box turnout|votes=165,294|percentage=65.78|change=+0.05}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2018 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2018 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election|Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly Election, 2018]]: Vaishali Nagar<ref name=election2018>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/9643-statistical-data-of-general-election-to-chhatisgarh-assembly/ |title=Statistical data of General Election to Chhatisgarh Assembly - 2018 |website=Election Commission of India |accessdate= 3 February 2021}}</ref>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|candidate = Vidya Ratan Bhasin
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = 72,920
|percentage = 49.72
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Badruddin Qureshi
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = 54,840
|percentage = 37.39
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Manoj Kumar
|party = Janta Congress Chhattisgarh
|votes = 10,696
|percentage = 7.29
|change = ''New''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[None of the Above]]
|party = None of the above
|votes = 2,724
|percentage = 1.86
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 18,080
|percentage = 12.33
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 146,675
|percentage = 65.73
|change =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[List of constituencies of the Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly]]
* [[Durg district]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Chhattisgarh}}

{{coord|21.22|81.35|display=title}}

[[Category:Durg district]]
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Chhattisgarh]]
[[Category:Politics of Chhattisgarh]]
[[Category:2008 establishments in Chhattisgarh]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 2008]]

Xavier Pulppatt

2026-04-18T03:52:48Z

FaustinoRicks4:

{{short description|Indian theatre person (born 1951)}}
{{Indian patronymic|Xavier|Pulppatt}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2026}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Xavier Pulpatt
| image =
| image_size =
| caption =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1951|05|26|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Aluva]], [[Kerala]], India
| death_date =
| death_place =
| education =
| occupation = theatre actor, playwright, theatre director
| spouse = Leelamma (KPAC Latha)
| parents =
| children =
| awards = {{ubl|[[Kerala Sangeetha Nataka Akademi Award]] (2005)| [[Kerala Sangeetha Nataka Akademi Fellowship]] (2024)}}
}}
'''Xavier Pulppatt''' is an Indian theatre person who has made contributions to various fields of theatre. He has won several awards, including the [[Kerala Sangeetha Nataka Akademi Fellowship]] for 2024, State Government Award for Playwriting, Direction and Presentation, the [[Kerala Sangeetha Nataka Akademi Award]] in 2005 for his contributions to the field of theatre, the Kerala Sangeetha Nataka Akademi Award for Best Amateur Drama, the [[Abu Dhabi Sakthi Award]], the [[Kerala Catholic Bishops' Council|Kerala Catholic Bishops Council Award]], and the Phokan Global Literary Award (USA).

==Biography==
Xavier Pulpatt was born on May 26, 1951, at [[Aluva]] in [[Ernakulam district]] of Kerala.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2017-10-14 |title=സേവ്യര്‍ പുല്പാട്ട് |url=https://keralaliterature.com/malayalam-writers-%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B3%E0%B4%82-%E0%B4%8E%E0%B4%B4%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%8D/saviour-pulppatt-%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%8D%E2%80%8D-%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D/ |access-date=2026-04-16 |website=Keralaliterature.com |language=en-US}}</ref> He lives in SN Puram in Aluva.<ref name="deshabhimani">{{Cite web |title=നാടകകലയിലെ ബഹുമുഖ പ്രതിഭ |url=https://www.deshabhimani.com/district-news/-44954/xavier-pulpatt-73590 |access-date=2026-04-15 |website=Deshabhimani |language=en}}</ref>

===Personal life===
Xavier is married to theatre actress, Leelamma (KPAC Latha).<ref name="deshabhimani" /> They have two children, Adv. Sonia Shinoy Pulpat, a journalist and poet in Dubai, and Samson Xavier, a software engineer.<ref name="deshabhimani" />

==Career==
Xavier, the founder of the professional drama society Aluva Maithri Kalakendra, has served as a member of the [[Kerala Sahitya Akademi]], vice chairman of the [[Kerala Sangeetha Nataka Akademi]], district secretary, president and state committee member of the [[Purogamana Kala Sahitya Sangham]].<ref name="deshabhimani" /> He is currently a member of the Kala Sahitya Sangham State Council.<ref name="deshabhimani" /> He also held the positions of State President of the national level artists' association Nanma.<ref name="madhyamam">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2023-04-22 |title=നാടകരംഗത്ത് അരനൂറ്റാണ്ട് പിന്നിട്ട് സേവ്യർ പുൽപാട്ട് {{!}} Xavier Pulpatt {{!}} Madhyamam |url=https://www.madhyamam.com/kerala/local-news/ernakulam/xavier-pulpatt-1152628 |access-date=2026-04-16 |website=www.madhyamam.com |language=ml}}</ref> While he was the acting chairman of the Kerala Sangeetha Nataka Academy, he had implemented financial assistance schemes and other measures to revive drama committees that were in crisis due to [[COVID-19 pandemic in India|COVID-19]], that helped many drama artists.<ref name="madhyamam" />

==Contributions==
He has been working in both professional and amateur theater for over fifty years as a playwright, director, actor, and theater organizer.<ref name="deshabhimani" /> He wrote 65 plays, directed 100 plays, and published 17 plays as books.<ref name="deshabhimani" />

Xavier made his stage debut at the age of 15 in the play "Vedankunna Atmakkal".<ref name="deshabhimani" /> As of 2025, he has performed in over 600 stages.<ref name="deshabhimani" />

==Awards and honors==
In 2025 Xavier received the [[Kerala Sangeetha Nataka Akademi Fellowship]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kerala Sangeetha Nataka Akademi fellowships and awards announced |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/kerala-sangeetha-nataka-akademi-fellowships-and-awards-announced/article69341005.ece |access-date=2026-04-16 |website=www.thehindu.com}}</ref> He has also won over 23 other awards, including the State Government Award for Playwriting, Direction and Presentation, the [[Kerala Sangeetha Nataka Akademi Award]] in 2005 for his contributions to the field of theatre, the Kerala Sangeetha Nataka Akademi Academy Award for Best Amateur Drama, the [[Abu Dhabi Sakthi Award|Abu Dhabi Shakti Award]], the [[Kerala Catholic Bishops' Council|Kerala Catholic Bishops Council Award]], and the Phokan Global Literary Award (USA).<ref name="deshabhimani" />

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Pulpatt, Xavier}}
[[Category:1951 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian male dramatists and playwrights]]
[[Category:Indian theatre directors]]
[[Category:People from Ernakulam district]]
[[Category:Malayali people]]
[[Category:Malayalam-language dramatists and playwrights]]
[[Category:Dramatists and playwrights from Kerala]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian dramatists and playwrights]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male writers]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Kerala Sangeetha Nataka Akademi Fellowship]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Kerala Sangeetha Nataka Akademi Award]]

Pantham

2026-04-15T23:24:54Z

FaustinoRicks4:

{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2019}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Pantham
| image = Pantham.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = K. Chakravarthy Reddy
| producer = [[K. K. Radhamohan]]
| story = K. Chakravarthy Reddy
| screenplay = [[Bobby (screenwriter)|Bobby Kolli]]
| starring = [[Gopichand (actor)|Gopichand]] [[Mehreen Pirzada]]
| music = [[Gopi Sundar]]
| cinematography = [[Prasad Murella]]
| editing = [[Prawin Pudi]]
| studio = [[Sri Sathya Sai Arts]]
| released = {{Film date|2018|07|05|df=y}}
| runtime = 145 minutes
| country = India
| language = Telugu
| budget =
| gross = {{Estimation}} {{INR|19 [[crore]]}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/2018s-tollywood-movies-box-office-collection-list-highest-grossing-telugu-films-year-780150|title=Tollywood box office report of 2018: highest grossing Telugu movies of year; List of hits and flops|website=[[International Business Times]]|date=23 November 2018|access-date=8 June 2020|archive-date=20 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200920215058/https://www.ibtimes.co.in/2018s-tollywood-movies-box-office-collection-list-highest-grossing-telugu-films-year-780150|url-status=live}}</ref>
}}

'''''Pantham''''' ({{translation|Stubbornness}}) is a 2018 Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[Action film|action]] [[heist film]] directed by K. Chakravarthy Reddy, starring [[Gopichand (actor)|Gopichand]] and [[Mehreen Pirzada]]. The film's music has been composed by [[Gopi Sundar]] and also features art direction by AS Prakash, dialogues by Ramesh Reddy and cinematography by [[Prasad Murella]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/gopichands-25th-film-title-pantham-producer-radhamohan-announces-release-date-759393|title=Gopichand's 25th film title is Pantham; producer Radhamohan announces release date|first=Shekhar H|last=Hooli|website=ibtimes.co.in|date=4 February 2018 |accessdate=6 July 2018|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180623004836/https://www.ibtimes.co.in/gopichands-25th-film-title-pantham-producer-radhamohan-announces-release-date-759393|archivedate=23 June 2018}}</ref> The film revolves around a young vigilante who targets corrupt politicians and steals their money to help the needy.

Previously planned to release in the month of May,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bollywoodlife.com/news-gossip/gopichands-25th-film-titled-pantham-to-release-in-may-2018/|title=Gopichand's 25th film titled Pantham to release in May 2018|first=Urmimala|last=Banerjee|website=bollywoodlife.com|date=4 February 2018 |accessdate=6 July 2018|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180614015559/http://www.bollywoodlife.com/news-gossip/gopichands-25th-film-titled-pantham-to-release-in-may-2018/|archivedate=14 June 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.mirchi9.com/movienews/gopichand-smartly-positions-pantham/|title=Gopichand Smartly Positions His Pantham|first=Siddartha|last=Toleti|website=www.mirchi9.com|date=4 February 2018 |accessdate=6 July 2018|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180523011102/https://www.mirchi9.com/movienews/gopichand-smartly-positions-pantham/|archivedate=23 May 2018}}</ref> the film was released on 5 July 2018 and was a commercial failure at the box office, grossing over only ₹19 crore.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/gopichands-25th-film-pantham-eyeing-july-release/articleshow/63679134.cms|title=Gopichand's 25th film 'Pantham' eyeing July release?|newspaper=The Times of India|accessdate=6 July 2018|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180602000501/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/gopichands-25th-film-pantham-eyeing-july-release/articleshow/63679134.cms|archivedate=2 June 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/gopichands-pantham-gets-new-release-date-telugu-news-211064|title=Gopichand's 'Pantham' gets new release date - Telugu Movie News - IndiaGlitz.com|website=indiaglitz.com|date=8 April 2018 |accessdate=6 July 2018|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180523011310/https://www.indiaglitz.com/gopichands-pantham-gets-new-release-date-telugu-news-211064|archivedate=23 May 2018}}</ref>

==Plot==
The protagonist is a vigilante who taps the phone of a medical mafia king named Amith Rajvi and listens to a conversation in which a man named Nayak Bhai orders him to send money in a goods train. The protagonist's sidekick Satti stops a tractor at a railway crossing, causing the train to stop and the protagonist to enter the compartment containing the money where he fights off the guards and decouples it before the train reaches the next station. Later, a partially deaf CBI officer instantly cracks the case. The protagonist helps a rich woman in winning a horse betting race and later steals money from her safe in her absence. The home minister Jayendra is revealed to be Nayak Bhai who's frustrated at his money getting stolen and orders the killing of both Rajvi and the woman. Again, the CBI officer cracks the second case and hands over the evidence to Nayak who then attacks a lot of people out of suspicion. The health minister sends him the protagonist's photo which is forwarded to all his goons over the city, and the protagonist is brought to the goons by a cab driver who turns out to be Nayak's henchman. A fight ensues, resulting in a conversation in which Nayak recruits the protagonist to help him catch the robber, as per the health minister's suggestion who was impressed by how neatly the protagonist and Satti had stolen his cars earlier.

The protagonist and Nayak's men then are sent for a safe money transfer. With the help of three men, the protagonist tricks the goons into giving them the money but due to a tracker kept inside the currency bag, the three men are captured and beaten up. The protagonist reveals himself as the real robber and fights off all the goons. The protagonist's girlfriend Akshara and an old man named Tilak are kidnapped and brought to Nayak. Tilak then reveals the protagonist is Vikranth Surana, the son of a London-based billionaire businessman Anand Surana (10th richest in the world), the owner of Surana Group of Companies, one of the top 10 biggest corporate companies in the world. Vikranth loved his mother Durgadevi but his father despised her social service as it didn't yield enough money. They all had to go to London since Anand wanted to expand his business, where Durgadevi died. Tilak is the caretaker of Durgadevi charitable trust and invited Anand for the trust's 25th anniversary celebrations, but Vikranth came instead for the celebrations and became disillusioned by the plight of several bomb blast victims who were promised ex-gratia by the home minister Jayendra and the health minister, to whom Vikrath had also anonymously sent a cheque of 1 crore rupees. Vikranth then decided to help the people after knowing about their plight, and proceeded to resign from his post at his father's company.

Back to present, Vikranth brings reporters to Nayak's house and makes him pay 5 crore rupees as ex-gratia. Later, Vikranth creates a fake bomb alert outside a court where he surrenders after opening a truck full of money stolen from corrupt ministers. Following his arrest, his father arrives to meet him and has a change of heart when he sees so many people supporting Vikranth who decides to fight his case himself. An enraged Nayak sends prisoners to kill Vikranth at night, but he manages to fight them off and the next day in the court, presents all the evidence against Nayak and other ministers. He even brings Rajvi and the Nayak's female client as witnesses who reveal that Vikranth saved them. Vikranth also presents a footage of Nayak threatening them but the opposing lawyer presents a doctored version of the footage and levies false charges not just on Vikranth and his father but also on the Durgadevi charitable trust. The judge orders CBI inquiry on the trust, which is carried out by the same officer hired by Nayak earlier. He testifies against Nayak and also states that due to being partially deaf, he had to record Nayak's conversations which now stand as evidence against him. Further, Vikranth cites the [[Whistle Blowers Protection Act, 2011]] as his defense and suggests the government to digitally transfer ex-gratia to victims. The court sentences all the perpetrators and orders the government to disperse ex-gratia via digital transfer method.

==Cast==
{{Cast listing|
*[[Gopichand (actor)|Gopichand]] as Vikranth Surana
*[[Mehreen Pirzada]] as Akshara
*[[Sampath Raj]] as Home Minister Jayendra alias Naayak
*[[Mukesh Rishi]] as Anand Surana, Vikranth's father
*[[Pavitra Lokesh]] as Durgadevi Surana, Vikranth's mother
*[[Jaya Prakash Reddy]] as Health Minister
*[[Ashish Vidyarthi]] as Defense Lawyer
*[[Raghu Babu]] as Raghu, Vikranth's friend
*[[Sayaji Shinde]] as CBI Officer
*[[Srinivasa Reddy]] as Vikranth's friend
*[[Y. Kasi Viswanath|Kasi Viswanath]] as Akshara's father
*[[Tanikella Bharani]] as Trust Chairman Tilak
*[[Ajay (actor)|Ajay]] as Amith Rajvi
*[[Hamsa Nandini]] as Naayak's client
*[[Prudhvi Raj (Telugu actor)|Prudhviraj]] as House Owner Vaadakam
*[[Satya Krishnan]] as House Owner's wife
*[[Paruchuri Venkateswara Rao]] as Lawyer
*[[Giri Babu]] as High Court Judge
*[[Prabhas Sreenu]] as Naayak's assistant
*[[Prabhakar (Telugu actor)|Prabhakar]] as Naayak's henchman
*[[Sameer Hasan]] as Government Officer
*[[Harsha Vardhan]] as Anand's staff
*[[Mamilla Shailaja Priya|Priya]] as Akshara's mother
*[[Jhansi (TV anchor)|Jhansi]]
*[[Ravi Varma (East Godavari actor)|Ravi Varma]] as Jhansi's brother
*Kaumudi Nemaninas Akshara's friend
}}

==Production==
The film mark Gopichand's 25th film in his career,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/regional-movies/actor-gopichand-s-25th-film-titled-pantham-first-look-poster-released/story-zsNyeEsCBYQoINBcBN1P5N.html|title=Actor Gopichand's 25th film titled Pantham, first look poster released|date=22 March 2018|website=hindustantimes.com|accessdate=6 July 2018|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180523011246/https://www.hindustantimes.com/regional-movies/actor-gopichand-s-25th-film-titled-pantham-first-look-poster-released/story-zsNyeEsCBYQoINBcBN1P5N.html|archivedate=23 May 2018}}</ref> it also marks the directorial debut of K. Chakravarthi Reddy, who previously worked as the screenplay writer for Telugu action films like ''[[Balupu]]'', ''[[Power (2014 Telugu film)|Power]]'' and ''[[Jai Lava Kusa]]''.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/the-first-look-of-gopichands-25th-film-pantham-unveiled/articleshow/63415903.cms|title=The first look of Gopichand's 25th film 'Pantham' unveiled|newspaper=The Times of India|accessdate=6 July 2018|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180601225026/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/the-first-look-of-gopichands-25th-film-pantham-unveiled/articleshow/63415903.cms|archivedate=1 June 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/telugu/gopichand-pantham-is-a-commercial-film-with-good-message-says-producer-5052107/|title=Gopichand's Pantham is a commercial film with good message, says producer|date=5 February 2018|website=indianexpress.com|accessdate=6 July 2018|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180523011532/http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/telugu/gopichand-pantham-is-a-commercial-film-with-good-message-says-producer-5052107/|archivedate=23 May 2018}}</ref>

==Soundtrack==
The music was composed by [[Gopi Sundar]] and released by Mango Music. All lyrics were penned by [[Bhaskarabhatla Ravi Kumar]].

{{Infobox album
| name = Pantham
| type = Soundtrack
| artist = [[Gopi Sundar]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = {{film date|df=y|2018|6|21}}
| recorded = 2018
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Soundtrack]]
| length = 20:18
| label = Mango Music
| language = [[Telugu Language|Telugu]]
| producer = [[Gopi Sundar]]
| prev_title = [[Tej I Love You]]
| prev_year = 2018
| next_title = [[Geetha Govindam]]
| next_year = 2018
}}

{{track listing
| headline = Track list
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length = 20:18
| title1 = Deshamante
| extra1 = [[Ranjith (singer)|Ranjith]]
| length1 = 4:34
| title2 = Right Now
| extra2 = [[Sithara (singer)|Sithara Krishnakumar]]
| length2 = 4:11
| title3 = First Time
| extra3 = [[Yazin Nizar]], [[Divya S. Menon]]
| length3 = 4:24
| title4 = I'm Sorry
| extra4 = [[Karthik (singer)|Karthik]]
| length4 = 3:24
| title5 = Ek Dham
| extra5 = [[Haricharan]], [[Rita (Indian singer)|Rita Thyagarajan]]
| length5 = 3:45
}}

== Release ==
''Pantham'' was released worldwide on 5 July 2018.

== Reception ==
''Pantham'' received mixed reviews from critics.

''[[Mallemala Entertainments|123Telugu]]'' gave 3 out of 5 stars and wrote "Pantham is a passable social drama which showcases a decent message. Even though the story is outdated, director Chakri has made sure that there is some fun in the first half and climax is satisfactory."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.123telugu.com/reviews/pantham-telugu-movie-review.html|title=Pantham Telugu Movie Review, Gopichand Pantham|date=6 July 2018|website=123telugu.com|accessdate=6 July 2018|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180706124908/https://www.123telugu.com/reviews/pantham-telugu-movie-review.html|archivedate=6 July 2018}}</ref> Neeshita Nyayapati of ''[[The Times of India]]'' gave 2.5 out of 5 stars and wrote "This one is purely for Gopichand fans and for those who like commercial pot-boilers with a message."<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movie-reviews/pantham/movie-review/64867976.cms|title=Pantham Movie Review {2.5/5}: This one is purely for Gopichand fans|newspaper=The Times of India|accessdate=6 July 2018|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180706124911/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movie-reviews/pantham/movie-review/64867976.cms|archivedate=6 July 2018}}</ref>

Venkat Arikatla of ''Greatandhra'' gave 2.5 out of 5 stars and wrote "Major complaint from audiences has been Gopichand’s movies have turned too predictable of late. Still, the star is not coming out from them."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://greatandhra.com/movies/reviews/pantham-review-regular-ding-ding-90541.html|title=Pantham, Pantham Movie Review, Pantham Rating, Pantham Review|website=greatandhra.com|date=5 July 2018 |accessdate=6 July 2018|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180706124908/https://greatandhra.com/movies/reviews/pantham-review-regular-ding-ding-90541.html|archivedate=6 July 2018}}</ref> Hemanth Kumar of ''[[Firstpost]]'' wrote "Pantham feels like a mishmash of several popular films, including ''[[Srimanthudu]]'' and ''[[Kick (2009 film)|Kick]]'', although it is nowhere near the emotional impact of its predecessors."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/pantham-movie-review-gopichand-starrer-is-a-well-intentioned-attempt-that-tries-too-hard-to-preach-4670991.html|title=Pantham movie review: Gopichand-starrer is a well-intentioned attempt that tries too hard to preach|website=firstpost.com|date=5 July 2018 |accessdate=8 July 2018|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180708192108/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/pantham-movie-review-gopichand-starrer-is-a-well-intentioned-attempt-that-tries-too-hard-to-preach-4670991.html|archivedate=8 July 2018}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb title|id=tt7963804}}

[[Category:2018 films]]
[[Category:2018 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:2018 action films]]
[[Category:Indian action films]]
[[Category:2010s masala films]]
[[Category:Films about social issues in India]]
[[Category:Films set in India]]
[[Category:Films scored by Gopi Sundar]]
[[Category:Films shot at Ramoji Film City]]
[[Category:2018 directorial debut films]]
[[Category:Indian vigilante films]]
[[Category:Indian heist films]]
[[Category:Indian action drama films]]

Lansdowne Assembly constituency

2026-04-15T23:21:34Z

FaustinoRicks4: Stub

{{short description|Legislative Assembly constituency in Uttarakhand State, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2021}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Lansdowne
| latest_election_year = 2022
| mla = [[Dilip Singh Rawat]]
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| state = Uttarakhand
| district = [[Pauri Garhwal district|Pauri Garhwal]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Garhwal (Lok Sabha constituency)|Garhwal]]
| reservation = None
| electors = {{formatnum:83460}}<ref name="ceouk">{{cite web |url=https://www.ceo.uk.gov.in/files/VS-2022/VoterTurnout-2022.pdf |title=Uttarakhand State General Assembly Election - 2022 - AC wise Voter Turnout |website=ceo.uk.gov.in |date=1 March 2022 |accessdate=8 April 2022 |url-status=live |archive-date=1 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220301040631/https://www.ceo.uk.gov.in/files/VS-2022/VoterTurnout-2022.pdf}}</ref>{{update after|2027|03}}
| type= SLA
| constituency_no = 40
| map_image = Lansdowne Assembly constituency map.svg
}}
'''Lansdowne Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly constituency''' is one of the 70 constituencies in the [[Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly]] of [[Uttarakhand]] state of [[India]]. [[Lansdowne, India|Lansdowne]] is also part of [[Garhwal (Lok Sabha constituency)|Garhwal Lok Sabha constituency]].<ref name="elections">{{cite web|url=https://www.elections.in/uttarakhand/assembly-constituencies/lansdowne.html|website=elections.in|title=Lansdowne Election and Results 2018, Candidate list, Winner, Runner-up, Current MLA and Previous MLAs|accessdate=2020-08-27}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=27 August 2020 |archive-date=5 October 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101005180821/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Election
! Member
! colspan=2|Party
|-
| [[1962 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1962]] || Mukandi Lal || {{Full party name with color|Independent}}
|-
| [[1967 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1967]] || B.D. Dhuliya || {{Full party name with color|Swatantra Party}}
|-
| [[1969 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1969]] || Chander Singh Negi || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[1974 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1974]] || rowspan=2|[[Bharat Singh Rawat]]
|-
| [[1977 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1977]] || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}
|-
| [[1980 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1980]] || Chander Singh Negi || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1985 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1985]] || [[Surendra Singh Negi]] || {{Full party name with color|Independent}}
|-
| [[1989 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1989]] || rowspan=2 |[[Bharat Singh Rawat]] || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[1991 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1991]]
|-
| [[1993 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1993]] || [[Surendra Singh Negi]] || {{Full party name with color|Independent}}
|-
| [[1996 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1996]] || [[Bharat Singh Rawat]] || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| [[2002 Uttaranchal Legislative Assembly election|2002]] || rowspan=2 | Dr. [[Harak Singh Rawat]] || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[2007 Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly election|2007]]
|-
| [[2012 Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly election|2012]] || rowspan=3 | [[Dilip Singh Rawat]] || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=3}}
|-
| [[2017 Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly election|2017]]
|-
| [[2022 Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly election|2022]]
|}

== Election results ==
===Assembly Election 2022 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2022 Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly election]]: Lansdowne<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Uttarakhand|title=Uttarakhand State General Assembly Elections 2022 - AC-Wise Detailed Result (Form-20) |url=https://election.uk.gov.in/CEO-Website/VidhanSabha2022/Form20/form20_2022.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220615102703/https://election.uk.gov.in/CEO-Website/VidhanSabha2022/Form20/form20_2022.htm|archive-date=15 June 2022}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Dilip Singh Rawat]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=24,504 |percentage=59.18% |change={{increase}}4.40 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Anukriti Gusain]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=14,636 |percentage=35.35% |change={{decrease}}3.49 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Anand Prakash |party=Uttarakhand Kranti Dal |votes=843 |percentage=2.04% |change={{increase}}0.93 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=None of the above |party=None of the above |votes=447 |percentage=1.08% |change={{decrease}}0.11 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mamta Devi |party=Independent politician |votes=437 |percentage=1.06% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Narendra Singh |party=Aam Aadmi Party |votes=304 |percentage=0.73% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=9,868 |percentage=23.83% |change= {{increase}}7.89 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=41,407 |percentage=47.38% |change= {{decrease}}0.50 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 87,400 |ref = |change= {{increase}}3.03 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser=Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= {{increase}}4.40 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 2017 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2017 Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly election]]: Lansdowne<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Uttarakhand|title=Uttarakhand State General Assembly Elections 2017 - AC-Wise Detailed Result (Form-20) |url=https://election.uk.gov.in/CEO-Website/VidhanSabha2017/Form_20/form20_2017.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220630093109/https://election.uk.gov.in/CEO-Website/VidhanSabha2017/Form_20/form20_2017.htm|archive-date=30 June 2022}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Dilip Singh Rawat]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=22,246 |percentage=54.78% |change={{increase}}16.48 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Tejpal Singh Rawat]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=15,771 |percentage=38.83% |change={{increase}}16.72 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=None of the above |party=None of the above |votes=485 |percentage=1.19% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Vikram Singh Rawat |party=Uttarakhand Kranti Dal |votes=450 |percentage=1.11% |change={{decrease}}0.58 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ved Prakash Arya |party=Independent politician |votes=434 |percentage=1.07% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Jagmohan Singh Bisht |party=Independent politician |votes=226 |percentage=0.56% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=6,475 |percentage=15.94% |change= {{increase}}2.35 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=40,613 |percentage=47.87% |change= {{decrease}}4.47 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 84,832 |ref = |change= {{increase}}10.97 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser=Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= {{increase}}16.48 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 2012 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2012 Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly election]]: Lansdowne<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Uttarakhand|title=Uttarakhand State General Assembly Elections 2012 - AC-Wise Detailed Result (Form-20) |url=https://election.uk.gov.in/Vidhan_sabha2012/form20_2012_PDF/form20_2012.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220929115647/https://election.uk.gov.in/Vidhan_sabha2012/form20_2012_PDF/form20_2012.htm|archive-date=29 September 2022}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Dilip Singh Rawat]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=15,324 |percentage=38.30% |change={{increase}}8.75 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Tejpal Singh Rawat]] |party=Uttarakhand Raksha Morcha |votes=9,886 |percentage=24.71% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Km Jyoti Rautela |party=Indian National Congress |votes=8,849 |percentage=22.12% |change={{decrease}}19.85 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Shishupal Singh Rawat |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=2,733 |percentage=6.83% |change={{increase}}3.97 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Anand Prakash |party=Uttarakhand Kranti Dal |votes=675 |percentage=1.69% |change={{decrease}}0.97 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Madhu Bisht |party=Independent politician |votes=672 |percentage=1.68% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Manoj Kumar Kuksal |party=Independent politician |votes=632 |percentage=1.58% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Deepak Singh Bisht |party=Independent politician |votes=432 |percentage=1.08% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Manish Sundriyal |party=Independent politician |votes=396 |percentage=0.99% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=5,438 |percentage=13.59% |change= {{increase}}1.17 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=40,012 |percentage=52.34% |change= {{decrease}}1.78 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 76,445 |ref = |change= }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}3.67 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 2007 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2007 Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly election]]: Lansdowne<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2007 to the Legislative Assembly of Uttarakhand |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2007/Stat_rept_2007_UT.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114082304/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2007/Stat_rept_2007_UT.pdf|archive-date=14 January 2012}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Dr. [[Harak Singh Rawat]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=12,899 |percentage=41.97% |change={{increase}}7.52 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Bharat Singh Rawat]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=9,081 |percentage=29.55% |change={{decrease}}3.09 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Surya Kant Dhasmana |party=Nationalist Congress Party |votes=5,335 |percentage=17.36% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sudhir Dhyani |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=878 |percentage=2.86% |change={{increase}}1.38 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sunder Singh Chauhan |party=Uttarakhand Kranti Dal |votes=818 |percentage=2.66% |change={{increase}}0.60 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mangal Singh Negi |party=Independent politician |votes=607 |percentage=1.97% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Heeramani |party=Samajwadi Party |votes=532 |percentage=1.73% |change={{increase}}0.40 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Om Prakash |party=Independent politician |votes=301 |percentage=0.98% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Narendra Dhasmana |party=Samata Party |votes=165 |percentage=0.54% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=3,818 |percentage=12.42% |change= {{increase}}10.61 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=30,736 |percentage=54.32% |change= {{increase}}7.90 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 56,793 |ref = |change= }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{increase}}7.52 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 2002 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2002 Uttaranchal Legislative Assembly election]]: Lansdowne<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2002 to the Legislative Assembly of Uttarakhand |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2002/Stat_rep_2002_UT.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114065248/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2002/Stat_rep_2002_UT.pdf|archive-date=14 January 2012}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Dr. [[Harak Singh Rawat]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=8,914 |percentage=34.45% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Bharat Singh Rawat]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=8,446 |percentage=32.64% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Deepak Bhandari |party=Independent politician |votes=3,185 |percentage=12.31% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Shobhana Rawat Kaudiya |party=Independent politician |votes=715 |percentage=2.76% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Lambodar Prasad |party=Independent politician |votes=683 |percentage=2.64% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Budhi Ballabh |party=Uttarakhand Janwadi Party |votes=669 |percentage=2.59% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mahendra Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=632 |percentage=2.44% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Narendra Singh Rawat |party=Uttarakhand Kranti Dal |votes=534 |percentage=2.06% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Rajeshwar Prasad |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=381 |percentage=1.47% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Anil Bhatt |party=Samajwadi Party |votes=344 |percentage=1.33% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Pramod Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=333 |percentage=1.29% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=468 |percentage=1.81% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=25,878 |percentage=46.45% |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 55,994 |ref = |change= }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner=Indian National Congress |loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[Lansdowne, India|Lansdowne]]
* [[Pauri Garhwal district]]
* [[List of constituencies of Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly]]

==References==
{{reflist|1}}

==External links==
* {{cite web |title=Record of all Uttarakhand Assembly Elections |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/93-uttarakhand/ |website=eci.gov.in |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=17 January 2024}}
{{Assembly constituencies of Uttarakhand}}

{{coord|29.84|78.68|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Uttarakhand]]
[[Category:Pauri Garhwal district]]
[[Category:Politics of Uttarakhand]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1962]]
[[Category:1967 establishments in Uttar Pradesh]]

Titagarh Assembly constituency

2026-04-15T11:53:06Z

FaustinoRicks4: Done

{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Titagarh
| type= SLA
| map_image =
| map_caption =
| map_alt =
| mla =
| party =
| alliance =
| latest_election_year =
| state = [[West Bengal]]
| district = [[North 24 Parganas district|North 24 Parganas]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Barrackpore (Lok Sabha constituency)|Barrackpore]]
| constituency_no = 133
| established = 1951
| electors =
| reservation = None
| abolished = 2011
}}

'''Titagarh Assembly constituency''' was an [[Vidhan Sabha|assembly]] constituency in [[North 24 Parganas district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[West Bengal]].

==Overview==
As a consequence of the orders of the [[Delimitation Commission of India|Delimitation Commission]], while [[Barrackpur|Barrackpur Assembly constituency]] comes into existence in 2011, Titagarh Assembly constituency ceases to exist from the same year.<ref name = delimitation>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/delim/Final_Publications/WestBengal/FINAL%20ORDER%20NOTIFICATION_English.pdf |title = Delimitation Commission Order No. 18|access-date = 15 October 2010|work = West Bengal|publisher = Election Commission of India}}</ref>

Titagarh Assembly constituency was part of 15. [[Barrackpore (Lok Sabha constituency)]].<ref>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/LS_2004/Vol_III_LS_2004.pdf | title = Statistical Report on General Elections, 2004 to the 14th Lok Sabha | access-date = 15 October 2010| work = Volume III Details For Assembly Segments Of Parliamentary Constituencies | publisher = Election Commission of India }}</ref>

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"ìÍĦĤĠčw
|-
! Election Year!!Constituency!!Name of M.L.A.!!Party affiliation
|-
|[[1951 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1951]]||Titagarh||Krishna Kumar Shukla||[[Indian National Congress]]<ref name=vidhansabha1952>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/STATISTICALREPORTS_51_WestBengal.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1951, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 8 September 2014}}</ref>
|-
|[[1957 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1957]]||||Krishna Kumar Shukla||Indian National Congress<ref name=vidhansabha1957>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_WB_1957.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1957, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 8 September 2014}}</ref>
|-
|[[1962 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1962]]||||Krishna Kumar Shukla||Indian National Congress<ref name=vidhansabha1962>{{cite web| url =http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_WB_1962.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1962, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 8 September 2014}}</ref>
|-
|[[1967 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1967]]||||Krishna Kumar Shukla||Indian National Congress<ref name=vidhansabha1967>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20report%20WB1967.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1967, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 8 September 2014}}</ref>
|-
|1969||||[[Mohammed Amin (politician)|Mohammed Amin]]||[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]<ref name=vidhansabha1969>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1969/StatReport_WB_69.pdf|title = General Elections, India, 1969, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission |access-date = 8 September 2014}}</ref>
|-
|1971||||Mohammad Amin||Communist Party of India (Marxist)<ref name=vidhansabha1971>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1971/StatReport_WB_71.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1971, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 8 September 2014}}</ref>
|-
|1972||||Mohammad Amin||Communist Party of India (Marxist)<ref name=vidhansabha1972>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatReport_WB_72.pdf |title =General Elections, India, 1972, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 8 September 2014}}</ref>
|-
|1977||||Mohammad Amin||Communist Party of India (Marxist)<ref name=vidhansabha1977>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1977/StatisticalReportWestBengal77.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1977, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 8 September 2014}}</ref>
|-
|1982||||Ganga Prasad Show||Indian National Congress<ref name=vidhansabha1982>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1982/StatisticalReportWestBengal82.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1982, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 8 September 2014}}</ref>
|-
|1987||||Ganga Prasad Show||Indian National Congress<ref name=vidhansabha1987>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1987/StatisticalReportWestBengal87.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1987, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 8 September 2014}}</ref>
|-
|1991||||Dr. Pravin Kumar Shaw||Communist Party of India (Marxist)<ref name=vidhansabha1991>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1991/StatisticalReport-West%20Bengal91.pdf|title = General Elections, India, 1991, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 8 September 2014}}</ref>
|-
|1996||||Dr. Pravin Kumar Shaw||Communist Party of India (Marxist)<ref name=vidhansabha1996>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1996/StatisticalReport-WB96.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1996, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 8 September 2014}}</ref>
|-
|[[2001 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2001]]||||Dr. Pravin Kumar Shaw||Communist Party of India (Marxist)<ref name=vidhansabha2001>{{cite web| url =http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2001/StatRept_WB_2001.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 2001, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 8 September 2014}}</ref>
|-
|[[2006 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2006]]||||Dr. Pravin Kumar Shaw||Communist Party of India (Marxist)<ref name=vidhansabha2006>{{cite web| url =http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2006/StatReport_WB_2006.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 2006, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 8 September 2014}}</ref>
|}
Note: For MLAs from the area in subsequent years see [[Barrackpore Assembly constituency]]

==Election results==
===1977–2006===
In the [[2006 West Bengal state assembly election|2006]], 2001, 1996 and 1991 state assembly elections Dr. Pravin Kumar Shaw of [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]] won the 133 Titagarh assembly seat defeating Meena Ghosh of [[All India Trinamool Congress|Trinamool Congress]] in 2006,<ref name=vidhansabha2006/> Ashok Shukla of Trinamool Congress in 2001<ref name=vidhansabha2001/> and [[Indian National Congress|Congress]] in 1996,<ref name=vidhansabha1996/> and Ganga Prasad Saha of Congress in 1991.<ref name=vidhansabha1991/> Ganga Prasad Show of Congress defeated [[Mohammed Amin (politician)|Mohammed Amin]] of CPI (M) in 1987<ref name=vidhansabha1987/> and 1982.<ref name=vidhansabha1982/> [[Mohammed Amin (politician)|Mohammed Amin]] of CPI (M) defeated Ganga Prasad Show of Congress in 1977.<ref name=vidhansabha1977/><ref>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/archive/ElectionAnalysis/AE/S25/Partycomp133.htm |title =133 - Titagarh Assembly Constituency |work = Partywise Comparison Since 1977 | publisher = Election Commission of India|access-date = 15 October 2010}}</ref>

===1951–1972===
[[Mohammed Amin (politician)|Mohammed Amin]] of CPI(M) won in 1972,<ref name=vidhansabha1972/> 1971<ref name=vidhansabha1971/> and 1969.<ref name=vidhansabha1969/> Krishna Kumar Shukla of Congress won in 1967,<ref name=vidhansabha1967/> [[1962 West Bengal state assembly election|1962]],<ref name=vidhansabha1962/> [[1957 West Bengal state assembly election|1957]]<ref name=vidhansabha1957/> and in [[1952 West Bengal state assembly election|independent India’s first election in 1951]].<ref name=vidhansabha1952/>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{North 24 Parganas topics}}
{{Vidhan Sabha constituencies of West Bengal}}
{{coords|22.74|88.37|display=title}}

[[Category:Former assembly constituencies of West Bengal]]
[[Category:Politics of North 24 Parganas district]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1951]]
[[Category:1951 establishments in West Bengal]]
[[Category:Constituencies disestablished in 2011]]
[[Category:2011 disestablishments in India]]

Young Malang

2026-04-09T20:29:19Z

FaustinoRicks4: Done

{{Use British English|date=January 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Young Malang
| image = Young Malang film poster.jpg
| caption = Film poster
| director = Rajdeep Singh
| producer = Rahulinder Singh Sidhu
| story = Manshendra Kailey
| writer =
| screenplay = Rajdeep Singh Manshendra Kailey
| based_on =
| starring = {{Plainlist|
* [[Yuvraj Hans]]
*[[Vinaypal Buttar]]
* Balli Riar
* [[Neetu Singh]]
* [[Anjana Sukhani]]
* Anita Kailey
}}
| narrator =
| music = Sanjoy Chaudhry Anjan Biswas
| cinematography = Anshul Chobey
| editing = Omkar Nath Bhakri
| studio = RSG Studios Glimpse Motion Pictures
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2013|09|20}}
| runtime = 140 minutes
| country = India
| language = Punjabi
| budget =
| gross =
}}

'''''Young Malang''''' is a 2013 [[Punjabi language]] [[Cinema of India|Indian]] romantic [[comedy film]], directed by Rajdeep Singh, written by Manshendra Kailey and produced by Rahulinder Singh Sidhu.<ref name="Times of India 1">{{cite news|last=Singh|first=Neetu|title=Young Malang to release in September|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-06-06/news-interviews/39787375_1_punjabi-movie-balli-riar-vinaypal-buttar|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130708104724/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-06-06/news-interviews/39787375_1_punjabi-movie-balli-riar-vinaypal-buttar|url-status=dead|archive-date=8 July 2013|access-date=19 September 2013|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|date=6 June 2013}}</ref> The film stars [[Yuvraj Hans]], [[Neetu Singh]], [[Vinaypal Buttar]], Anita Kailey, Balli Riar and [[Anjana Sukhani]], and debuted on 20 September 2013.<ref name="Cine Punjab Movie Review"/><ref name="Indian Express 1">{{cite news|last=staff|title=Young Malang is a fun movie for youngsters, says cast|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/young-malang-is-a-fun-movie--for-youngsters-says-cast/1170969/|access-date=19 September 2013|newspaper=[[Indian Express]]|date=19 September 2013}}</ref><ref name="Times of India 2">{{cite news|last=Times News Network|author-link=Times News Network|title=Punjab politicians take a shine to films|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chandigarh/Punjab-politicians-take-a-shine-to-films/articleshow/22738094.cms|access-date=19 September 2013|newspaper=[[Times of India]]|date=19 September 2013}}</ref><ref name="Tribune India 1">{{cite news|last=Tribune News Service|title=Young Malangs' date with students|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2013/20130911/cth2.htm|access-date=19 September 2013|newspaper=[[Tribune India]]|date=10 September 2013}}</ref><ref name="Tribune India 5">{{cite news|last=staff|title=Punjabi film Young Malang set to release on September 20|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2013/20130917/jaltrib.htm#11|access-date=19 September 2013|newspaper=[[Tribune India]]|date=16 September 2013}}</ref> Singers [[Mika]], [[Javed Ali]], [[Shafqat Amanat Ali]] and three actors in the movie, Yuvraj Hans, Balli Riar and Vinaypal Buttar, sung the songs in the flick.<ref name="Hindustan Times 3">{{cite news|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/Punjab/Jalandhar/Chacha-Raunki-Ram-back-again-dons-a-new-avatar/SP-Article1-1053808.aspx|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130503084303/http://www.hindustantimes.com/Punjab/Jalandhar/Chacha-Raunki-Ram-back-again-dons-a-new-avatar/SP-Article1-1053808.aspx|url-status=dead|archive-date=3 May 2013|title=Chacha Raunki Ram back again; dons a new avatar|last=HT Correspondent|date=2 May 2013|newspaper=[[Hindustan Times]]|access-date=19 September 2013}}</ref> The film marks singer Balli Riar's debut in Punjabi films.<ref name="Times of India 3">{{cite news|last=Jaspreet, [[Times News Network]]|title=Balli says fans demand aggressive songs|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/punjabi/news-interviews/Balli-says-fans-demand-aggressive-songs/articleshow/19395985.cms|access-date=19 September 2013|newspaper=[[Times of India]]|date=5 April 2013}}</ref>

==Cast==
* Balli Riar as Jaskaran Brar
* [[Yuvraj Hans]] as Jazz
* [[Vinaypal Buttar]] as Kashmeer Singh
* Anita Kailey as Annie
* [[Neetu Singh (born 1990)|Neetu Singh]] as Brittany Begowal
* [[Anjana Sukhani]] as Kiran
* [[Yograj Singh]] as Maulla Jatt
* Chacha Raunki Ram as Prof. Laathi
* Leena Sidhu
* [[Mathira]] as Dancer in the Song <nowiki>''</nowiki>''Lakk Ch Current<nowiki>''</nowiki>''
* [[Kiran Kumar]]
* Tej Sapru
* Aryajeet Sapru
* Sunita Dhir

==Production==
It was announced in April 2013 that filming had commenced and would continue on primary locations in [[Chandigarh]], [[Zirakpur]], [[Kasauli]], [[Himachal Pradesh]],<ref name="Hindustan Times 2">{{cite news|last=Talwar|first=Disney Brar|title=3 for good luck|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/Punjab/Chandigarh/3-for-good-luck/SP-Article1-1036514.aspx|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130403204641/http://www.hindustantimes.com/Punjab/Chandigarh/3-for-good-luck/SP-Article1-1036514.aspx|url-status=dead|archive-date=3 April 2013|access-date=19 September 2013|newspaper=[[Hindustan Times]]|date=3 April 2013}}</ref> with some shooting taking place in Italy.<ref name="Hindustan Times 3"/> Producer Rahulinder Singh Sidhu, who made a career change from politics to film production with this project,<ref name="Tribune India 3">{{cite news|last=Singh|first=Manpriya|title=Young & carefree|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2013/20130403/ttlife1.htm|access-date=19 September 2013|newspaper=[[Tribune India]]|date=3 April 2013}}</ref> explained the spirit behind the film's name, stating "It's not just a title; it's a state of mind. Those who are young will relate to it and those who are not so young will be able to take a nostalgic trip down the memory lane".<ref name="Tribune India 2">{{cite news|last=staff|title=Young & carefree|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2013/20130403/ttlife.htm|access-date=19 September 2013|newspaper=[[Tribune India]]|date=3 April 2013}}</ref>

== Release ==
Young Malang was theatrically released on 20 September 2013.

=== Home Media Release ===
For the digital audience, the movie is available for streaming on the [[Chaupal (streaming)|Chaupal]] OTT platform.

==Music==
The songs of this film were sung by [[Mika]], [[Javed Ali]], [[Shafqat Amanat Ali]], [[Sonu Kakkar]], and J Riaz, along with the songs by the heroes of the film [[Yuvraj Hans]], Balli Riar & [[Vinaypal Buttar]]. ''Young Malang'' introduced the trio of Raptilez 1O1, the Punjabi [[Rap group|Rap Group]] that "rocked the nation" with their appearance on [[India's Got Talent]].<ref name="Hindustan Times 1">{{cite news|last=Kaur|first=Usmeet|title=Peppy notes for the young|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/News-Feed/DontMiss/Peppy-notes-for-the-young/Article1-1119142.aspx|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130909215900/http://www.hindustantimes.com/News-Feed/DontMiss/Peppy-notes-for-the-young/Article1-1119142.aspx|url-status=dead|archive-date=9 September 2013|access-date=19 September 2013|newspaper=[[Hindustan Times]]|date=8 September 2013}}</ref><ref name="Tribune India 6">{{cite news|last=staff|title=Punjabi film Young Malang set to release on September 20|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2013/20130917/jaltrib.htm#11|access-date=20 September 2013|newspaper=[[Tribune India]]|date=16 September 2013}}</ref>

===Soundtrack===
#"Young Malang", Singer: [[Mika Singh]], Music: Gurmeet Singh, Lyricist: Daljit Singh<ref name=Smashits>{{cite web|last=staff|title=Smashits|url=http://ww.smashits.com/young-malang/songs-47732.html|publisher=Smashits|access-date=19 September 2013}}</ref>
#"Chori Chori", Singer': [[Javed Ali]], Music: Vicky Bhoi, Lyricist: Rajdeep Singh<ref name=Smashits/>
# "Hawa Vich Mehkan", Singer: [[Vinaypal Buttar]], Music: Gurmeet Singh, Lyricist: Vinaypal Buttar<ref name=Smashits/>
# "Ishq Di Kitaab", Singer: Gurmeet Singh, Music: Gurmeet Singh, Lyricist: Sandy Kharal<ref name=Smashits/>
# "Sapno Ka Saya", Singers: Vicky Bhoi, [[Yuvraj Hans]], Vinaypal Buttar, Raptilez 1O1, Music: Vicky Bhai, Lyricist: Gurjinder Dhillon, Raptilez 1O1<ref name=Smashits/>
# "Rabb Janda Hai", Singer: J Riaz, Music :Gurmoh Lyricist: Gurjeet Khosa<ref name=Smashits/>
# "Ishq Di Kitaab", Singer: [[Navraj Hans]], Music: Gurmeet Singh, Lyricist: Sandy kharal<ref name=Smashits/>
# "Doli", Singer: Vicky Bhoi, Music: Vicky Bhai, Lyricist: Gurjinder Dhillon<ref name=Smashits/>
# "Preetma", Singers: Vicky Bhoi, Shallu Jain, Music: Vicky Bhai, Lyricist: [[Prem Chand]]<ref name=Smashits/>
# "Lakk Ch Current", Singer:

==Reception==
The first review to come out for the film was mixed where the reviewer gave the film 3 stars. The reviewer wrote "Technically, the film will surprise you", offering that the film was "on par with any Bollywood film". They noted that the film's producer, "has left no stone unturned in giving the film a grand look and together as a team, producer and director have employed some of the best technicians for the film." The reviewer concluded, "Overall, Very Good!"<ref name="Cine Punjab Movie Review">{{cite news|last=Bathh|first=Bikram|title=Movie Review - Young Malang|url=http://www.cinepunjab.com/2013/09/movie-review-young-malang.html|access-date=20 September 2013|newspaper=Cine Punjab|date=20 September 2013|archive-date=21 September 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921055329/http://www.cinepunjab.com/2013/09/movie-review-young-malang.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|3041778|Young Malang}}
* [http://www.dailymotion.com/video/x171t0c_lakk-ch-current-mathira-item-song-in-punjabi-film_music 'Lakk Ch Current - Mathira Item song in Punjabi film]
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wQp89wslLGk ''Young Malang'' trailer]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Young Malang}}
[[Category:2013 films]]
[[Category:2013 romantic comedy films]]
[[Category:Films shot in Chandigarh]]
[[Category:Films shot in Himachal Pradesh]]
[[Category:Films shot in Italy]]
[[Category:Punjabi-language Indian films]]
[[Category:2013 Punjabi-language films]]
[[Category:Indian romantic comedy films]]
[[Category:Films set in Chandigarh]]
[[Category:Films set in Himachal Pradesh]]

French India

2026-03-29T12:54:26Z

FaustinoRicks4: improve page further and added references

{{Short description|French colony on the Indian subcontinent (1664–1954)}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2025}}
{{Infobox country
| native_name = {{native name|fr|Établissements français dans l'Inde}}
| conventional_long_name = French Settlements in India
| common_name = French India
| image_flag = Royal Standard of the King of France.svg
| image_flag2 = Flag of France (1794–1815).svg
| empire = France
| status = Colony
| era =
| year_start = 1664
| year_end = 1954
| event_start = First [[Louis XIV's East India Company|French East India Company]] Commissioner of [[Surat]]
| date_start =
| date_end = 1 November
| event_end = [[De facto]] transfer
| p1 = Portuguese Empire
| flag_p1 =
| s1 = Puducherry (union territory)
| flag_s1 = Flag of India.svg
| s2 = West Bengal
| flag_s2 = Flag of India.svg
| symbol_type = Seal
| image_map = French India 1815.gif
| image_map_caption = {{legend|white|French India after 1815}}
| capital = [[Puducherry (city)|Pondichéry]]
| common_languages = [[Indian French|French]] (''de jure'')<ref>Not as widespread as English</ref> [[Bengali language|Bengali]] [[Malayalam]] [[Tamil language|Tamil]] [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
| title_leader =
| leader1 =
| year_leader1 =
| leader2 =
| year_leader2 =
| title_representative = Governor
| representative1 = [[François Caron]] {{small|(first)}} <ref>as Commissioner</ref>
| year_representative1 = 1668–1673
| representative2 = Georges Escaragueil<ref>as High Commissioner</ref>
| year_representative2 = 1954
| title_deputy =
| deputy1 = [[Charles François Marie Baron]] {{small|(first)}}
| year_deputy1 =
| deputy2 = Georges Escargueil {{small|(last)}}
| year_deputy2 = 1954
| currency = [[French Indian rupee]]
| today = [[India]]
| demonym =
| stat_year1 =
| stat_area1 =
| stat_pop1 =
| stat_year2 = 1936
| stat_area2 = 510
| stat_pop2 = 298,861
| area_km2 =
| area_rank =
| GDP_PPP =
| GDP_PPP_year =
| HDI =
| HDI_year =
| status_text = Colony of France (1664–1946) [[Overseas territory (France)|Overseas Territory of France]] (1946–1954)
| legislature = [[Representative Assembly of French India]]
}}
{{Colonial India}}

'''French India''', formally the '''{{lang|fr|Établissements français dans l'Inde}}'''{{efn|In France, it was popularly known as {{lang|fr|les Comptoirs de l'Inde}}. Strictly speaking though, a {{lang|fr|comptoir}} is a trading station, whereas the five French settlements were entire towns with the surrounding area, and not mere trading stations.}} ({{langx|en|French Settlements in India}}), was a [[French colonial empire|French colony]] comprising five geographically separated enclaves on the [[Indian subcontinent]] that had initially been [[Factory (trading post)|factories]] of the [[Louis XIV's East India Company|French East India Company]]. They were ''de facto'' incorporated into the [[India|Republic of India]] in 1950 and 1954. The enclaves were {{lang|fr|[[Puducherry (city)|Pondichéry]]|italic=no}}, [[Karaikal|Karikal]], [[Yanam|Yanaon]] on the [[Coromandel Coast]], [[Mahé, India|Mahé]] on the [[Malabar Coast]] and [[Chandannagar|Chandernagor]] in [[Bengal]]. The French also possessed several {{lang|fr|loges}} ('lodges', tiny subsidiary trading stations) inside other towns, but after 1816, the British denied all French claims to these, which were not reoccupied.

By 1950, the total area measured {{convert|510|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}, of which {{convert|293|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} belonged to the territory of {{lang|fr|[[Puducherry (union territory)|Pondichéry]]|italic=no}}. In 1936, the population of the colony totalled 298,851 inhabitants, of which 63% (187,870) lived in the territory of Pondichéry.<ref>Jacques Weber, ''Pondichéry et les comptoirs de l'Inde après Dupleix'', Éditions Denoël, Paris, 1996, p. 347.</ref>

== Background ==
{{See also|Franco-Indian alliances|Colonial History of Yanam|History of Puducherry}}
[[File:1751 map of India from "Historical Atlas of India", by Charles Joppen.jpg|thumb|India at the height of French influence (1751)]]
[[File:Ananda Ranga Pillai.JPG|thumb|A portrait of [[Ananda Ranga Pillai]]]]
[[File:Magasins de la Compagnie des Indes à Pondichéry.jpg|thumb|View of [[Puducherry (city)|Pondicherry]] in the late 18th century]]
[[File:Patna French factory.jpg|thumb|French factory (trading post) at [[Patna]] on the Ganges]]
[[File:Trellis arcade supporting a vine in the Governor's Garden at Pondicherry in Tamil Nadu.jpg|thumb|Governor's Garden at Pondicherry, 18th century]]
[[File:Vue du palais du gouverneur de Pondichery vers 1850.jpeg|thumb|View of the Palace of the Governor of Pondicherry in 1850]]

France was the last of the major European maritime powers of the 17th century to enter the East India trade. Six decades after the foundation of the [[East India Company|English]] and [[Dutch East India Company|Dutch East India]] companies (in 1600 and 1602 respectively), and at a time when both companies were multiplying [[Factory (trading post)|factories]] (trading posts) on the shores of India, the French still did not have a viable trading company or a single permanent establishment in the East.

Seeking to explain France's late entrance in the East India trade, historians cite geopolitical circumstances such as the inland position of the French capital, France's numerous internal customs barriers, and parochial perspectives of merchants on France's Atlantic coast, who had little appetite for the large-scale investment required to develop a viable trading enterprise with the distant East Indies.<ref>Holden Furber, ''Rival Empires of Trade in the Orient, 1600–1800'', University of Minnesota Press, 1976, p. 201.</ref><ref>Philippe Haudrère, ''Les Compagnies des Indes Orientales'', Paris, 2006, p 70.</ref>

== History ==
=== Initial marine voyages to India (16th century) ===
The first French commercial venture to India is believed to have taken place in the first half of the 16th century, in the reign of [[Francis I of France|King Francis I]], when two ships were fitted out by some merchants of [[Rouen]] to trade in eastern seas; they sailed from [[Le Havre]] and were never heard of again. In 1604, a company was granted [[letters patent]] by [[Henry IV of France|King Henry IV]], but the project failed. Fresh letters patent were issued in 1615, and two ships went to India, only one returning.<ref name=EB1911/>

{{Lang|fr|La Compagnie française des Indes orientales}} ([[Louis XIV's East India Company|French East India Company]]) was formed under the auspices of [[Cardinal Richelieu]] (1642) and reconstructed under [[Jean-Baptiste Colbert]] (1664) when he sent an expedition to [[Madagascar]].<ref name=r1/><ref name=r2/><ref name=EB1911/>

=== First factory in India (1668) ===
In 1667, the French India Company sent out another expedition, under the command of [[François Caron]] (who was accompanied by a [[Persian people|Persian]] named Marcara), which reached [[Surat]] in 1668 and established the first French factory in India.<ref name=r1>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qBZg0OhbiXMC&pg=PA747 |title=Asia in the making of Europe |page=747 |isbn=9780226467672 |last1=Lach |first1=Donald Frederick |year=1998 |publisher=University of Chicago Press }}.</ref><ref name=r2>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Y-08AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA66 |title=The Cambridge History of the British Empire |year=1940 |page=66 |last1=Benians |first1=Ernest Alfred |last2=Newton |first2=Arthur Percival |last3=Rose |first3=John Holland }}.</ref>

=== French expansion in India (1669-1672) ===
In 1669, Marcara succeeded in establishing another French factory at [[Masulipatam]]. In 1672, the French captured Fort Saint Thomas, but they were driven out by the [[Dutch Republic|Dutch]] after a long and costly siege. [[Chandernagore]] (present-day Chandannagar) was established in 1692, with the permission of [[Nawab]] Shaista Khan, the [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] governor of [[Bengal]]. In 1673, the French acquired the area of Pondicherry from the qiladar of Valikondapuram under the Sultan of [[Bijapur Sultanate|Bijapur]], and thus the foundation of [[Pondicherry (city)|Pondichéry]] was laid. By 1720, the French had lost their factories at Surat, Masulipatam and [[Bantam (city)|Bantam]] to the British [[East India Company]].

=== Establishment of the colony at Pondichéry (1673) ===
On 4 February 1673, Bellanger de l'Espinay, a French officer, took up residence in the Danish Lodge in Pondichéry, thereby commencing the French administration of Pondichéry. In 1674, [[François Martin (Pondicherry)|François Martin]], the first Governor, initiated ambitious projects to transform Pondichéry from a small fishing village into a flourishing port-town. However, the French found themselves in continual conflict with the Dutch and the English. In 1693, the Dutch captured Pondichéry and augmented the fortifications. The French regained the town in 1699 through the [[Treaty of Ryswick]], signed on 20 September 1697.

=== Establishment of colonies at Yanon (1723) and Karaikal (1739) ===
From their arrival until 1741, the objectives of the French, like those of the British, were purely commercial. During this period, the French East India Company peacefully acquired [[Yanaon (Inde française)|Yanam]] (about {{convert|840|km|mi|disp=or}} north-east of Pondichéry on Andhra Coast) in 1723, [[Mahé, India|Mahe]] on Malabar Coast in 1725 and [[Karaikal]] (about {{convert|150|km|mi|disp=or}} south of Pondichéry) in 1739. In the early 18th century, the town of Pondichéry was laid out on a grid pattern and grew considerably. Able governors like [[Pierre Christophe Le Noir]] (1726–1735) and [[Pierre Benoît Dumas]] (1735–1741) expanded the Pondichéry area and made it a large and rich town.

=== Ambition of establishment of French territorial empire in India and defeat (1741–1754) ===
Soon after his arrival in 1741, the most famous governor of French India, [[Joseph François Dupleix]], began to hold the ambition of a French territorial empire in India in spite of the pronounced uninterested attitude of his distant superiors and of the French government, which didn't want to provoke the British. Dupleix's ambition clashed with British interests in India and a period of military skirmishes and political intrigues began and continued even in rare periods when France and Great Britain were officially at peace. Under the command of the [[Marquis de Bussy-Castelnau]], Dupleix's army successfully controlled the area between [[Hyderabad, India|Hyderabad]] and [[Cape Comorin]]. However, [[Robert Clive]], a British officer, arrived in India in 1744, and dashed the hopes of Dupleix to create a French empire in India.

After a defeat and failed peace talks, Dupleix was summarily dismissed and recalled to France in 1754.

=== French vs British intrigues (1754–1871) ===
In spite of a treaty between the British and French agreeing not to interfere in regional Indian affairs, their colonial intrigues continued. The French expanded their influence at the court of the [[Nawab of Bengal]] and increased their trading activity in Bengal. In 1756, the French encouraged the Nawab ([[Siraj ud-Daulah]]) to attack and take the British [[Fort William (India)|Fort William]] in [[Calcutta]]. This led to the [[Battle of Plassey]] in 1757, where the British decisively defeated the Nawab and his French allies, resulting in the extension of British power over the entire province of Bengal.

Subsequently, France sent [[Thomas Arthur, comte de Lally|Lally-Tollendal]] to recover the lost French possessions and drive the British out of India. Lally arrived in Pondichéry in 1758, had some initial success and razed Fort St. David in [[Cuddalore]] District to the ground in 1758, but strategic mistakes by Lally led to the loss of the [[Hyderabad, India|Hyderabad]] region, the [[Battle of Wandiwash]] and the [[siege of Pondicherry (1760)|siege of Pondicherry]] in 1760. In 1761, the British razed Pondichéry to the ground in revenge for the French depredations; it lay in ruins for four years. The French had lost their hold now in South India too.

In 1765, Pondichéry was returned to France in accordance with [[Treaty of Paris (1763)|a 1763 peace treaty]] with [[Kingdom of Great Britain|Britain]]. Governor [[Jean Law de Lauriston]] set to rebuild the town on its former layout and after five months 200 European and 2000 [[Tamil people|Tamil]] houses had been erected. In 1769, the French East India Company, unable to support itself financially, was abolished by the French Crown, which assumed administration of the French possessions in India. During the next 50 years, Pondichéry changed hands between France and Britain with the regularity of their wars and peace treaties.

In 1816, after the conclusion of the [[Napoleonic Wars]], the five establishments of Pondichéry, [[Chandernagore]], Karaikal, Mahe and Yanam and the lodges at [[Machilipatnam]], [[Kozhikode]] and Surat were returned to France. Pondichéry had lost much of its former glory, and Chandernagore dwindled into an insignificant outpost to the north of the rapidly growing British metropolis of Calcutta. Successive governors tried, with mixed results, to improve infrastructure, industry, law and education over the next 138 years.

A list from 1816 mentions the French had the possessions of [[Pondichéry]] (and its districts of [[Villianur|Villenour]] and [[Bahour]]), [[Karikal]], [[Yanaon]], [[Chandernagor]] and [[Mahé, India|Mahé]]. Other important trading posts included the ones in [[Masulipatnam]], [[Calicut]], [[Surat]], [[Muscat]], [[Mokha]] and [[Guangzhou|Canton]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Labarthe |first=Pierre |date=1816 |title=Intérêts de la France dans l'Inde |url=https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k57909557.texteImage|page=11-12}}</ref>

By a decree of 25 January 1871, French India was to have an elective general council ({{lang|fr|conseil général}}) and elective local councils ({{lang|fr|conseil local}}). The results of this measure were not very satisfactory, and the qualifications for and the classes of the franchise were modified. The governor resided at Pondichéry and was assisted by a council. There were two {{lang|fr|[[tribunal d'instance|tribunaux d'instance]]}} ('tribunals of first instance', at Pondichéry and Karikal) one {{lang|fr|cour d'appel}} ('[[Court of Appeal (France)|Court of Appeal]]', at Pondichéry) and five {{lang|fr|juges de paix}} ('[[Justice of the Peace|Justices of the Peace]]'). Agricultural production consisted of rice, peanuts, tobacco, betel nuts and vegetables.<ref name=EB1911>{{EB1911|wstitle=India, French|volume=14|page=421|inline=1}}</ref>

[[File:1954 French ID issued at their colony of Pondicherry before the transfer.jpg|thumb|1954 French ID issued at their colony of Pondicherry before the transfer.]]

=== Independence movement (18th–20th century) and merger with India (1954) ===
{{Location map+|India|width=300|float=right
|alt=French India
|caption={{center|French establishments and loges as of 1947 {{legend inline|green|[[Bengal]]}} {{legend inline|blue|[[Coromandel coast]]}} {{legend inline|gold|[[Gujarat]]}} {{legend inline|red|[[Malabar coast]]}} {{legend inline|black|[[Orissa Province|Orissa]]}}}}
|places=
{{Location map~|India|lat_deg=11.911082|lon_deg=79.812533|position=right|mark=Blue_pog.svg|marksize=12|label='''Pondichéry'''}}
{{Location map~|India|lat_deg=10.932701|lon_deg=79.831853|position=right|mark=Blue_pog.svg|marksize=12|label='''Karikal'''}}
{{Location map~|India|lat_deg=16.17|lon_deg=81.13|position=right|mark=Blue_pog.svg|label=Masulipatam}}
{{Location map~|India|lat_deg=11.701111|lon_deg=75.536667|position=right|background=white|mark=Red_pog.svg||marksize=12|label='''Mahé'''}}
{{Location map~|India|lat_deg=11.25|lon_deg=75.77|position=right|mark=Red_pog.svg|label= Calicut}}
{{Location map~|India|lat_deg=22.87|lon_deg=88.38|position=left|mark=Green_pog.svg|marksize=12|label='''Chandernagore'''}}
{{Location map~|India|lat_deg=24.12|lon_deg=88.28|position=left|mark=Green_pog.svg|label=Cassimbazar}}
{{Location map~|India|lat_deg=22.2517546|lon_deg=88.4331189|position=left|mark=Green_pog.svg|label=Jugdia}}
{{Location map~|India|lat_deg=23.7|lon_deg=90.366667|position=right|background=white|mark=Green_pog.svg|label=Dacca}}
{{Location map~|India|lat_deg=21.49|lon_deg=86.93|position=left|mark=Green_pog.svg|label=Balasore}}
{{Location map~|India|lat_deg=25.6|lon_deg=85.1|position=left|mark=Green_pog.svg|label=Patna}}
{{Location map~|India|lat_deg=21.17024|lon_deg=72.831061|background=white|position=left|mark=Gold_pog.svg|label=Surat}}
{{Location map~|India|lat_deg=16.733333|lon_deg=82.216667|position=left|mark=Black_pog.svg|marksize=12|label='''Yanaon'''}}
}}
The [[Indian Independence Act 1947|Independence of India]] on 15 August 1947 gave impetus to the union of France's Indian possessions with former [[British India]]. The lodges in Machilipatnam, Kozhikode and Surat were ceded to India on 6 October 1947.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://francearchives.fr/fr/facomponent/22ad424ec7e764c64c8c31d37bad6e938f57be05 |title=Accord par échange de lettres relatif à la date de la cession des anciennes loges françaises de l'Inde au gouvernement de l'Inde |publisher=Ministère de l'Europe et des Affaires étrangères |year=1947 |location=Paris |pages=5 |language=French |trans-title=Agreement by exchange of letters relating to the date of the cession of the former French lodges of India to the Government of India |quote="the Government of India note and accept with pleasure the decision of the Government of France that October 6th will be the day from which the historic rights which France has exercised in the areas known as the French Loges in India will be renounced." |access-date=2 September 2022}}</ref> An agreement between France and India in 1948 agreed to an election in France's remaining Indian possessions to choose their political future. Governance of Chandernagore was ceded to India on 2 May 1950; it was then merged with [[West Bengal]] state on 2 October 1954. On 1 November 1954, the four enclaves of Pondichéry, Yanam, Mahe– and Karikal were ''de facto'' transferred to the Indian Union and became the [[Union Territory]] of [[Puducherry (union territory)|Puducherry]]. The ''de jure'' union of French India with India did not take place until 1962 when the [[Parliament of France|French Parliament]] in [[Paris]] ratified the treaty with India.

=== The myth of a lost French empire in India ===
From the mid-19th century onward there developed in France the belief that the five tiny settlements recovered from Britain after the Napoleonic Wars were remnants of the "immense empire" acquired by Dupleix in the 18th century. "Our immense empire of India was reduced to five settlements" wrote French economist and colonial expansion promoter [[Pierre Paul Leroy-Beaulieu]] in 1886.<ref>{{cite book |first=Paul |last=Leroy-Beaulieu |title=De la colonisation chez les peuples modernes |publisher=Librairie Guillaumin et Cie |edition=2nd |date=1886 |page=vi }}</ref> An atlas published in the 1930s described those five settlements as "remnants of the great colonial empire that France had created in India in the 18th century".<ref>{{cite book |first=Kathryn |last=Dale |title=France's Lost Empires. Fragmentation, Nostalgia and la fracture coloniale |editor1-first=Kate |editor-last=Marsh |editor2=Nicola Frith |publisher=Lexington Books |date=2010 |page=37 }}</ref> More recently, a historian of French India post-1816 described them as "debris of an empire" and the "last remnants of an immense empire forever lost".<ref>{{cite book |first=Jacques |last=Weber |title=Les établissements français en Inde au XIXe siècle (1816–1914 |publisher=Librairie de l'Inde Éditeur |date=1988 |pages=24–25 }}</ref> However, France never held much more than the five settlements recovered in 1816. The historian of French India and archivist [[Alfred Albert Martineau|Alfred Martineau]], who was also governor of French India, pointed out that the authority granted to Dupleix over the Carnatic in 1750 should not be construed as a transfer of sovereignty, as wrote most historians, given that Dupleix only became so to speak the lieutenant of the Indian [[subah]], who could withdraw his power delegation at his convenience.<ref>{{cite book |quote={{lang|fr|Elle n'entraînait pas le droit de l'exercice de la souveraineté, ainsi que l'ont écrit presque tous les historiens; Dupleix ne devenant en réalité que le lieutenant, ou naëb, du soubab; celui-ci conservait le pouvoir éminent et pouvait à sa convenance retirer sa délégation}} |first=Alfred |last=Martineau |title=Dupleix, sa vie et son œuvre |publisher=Société d'éditions géographiques, maritimes et coloniales |location=Paris |date=1931 |pages=168–169 }}</ref> Philippe Haudrère, historian of the French East India Company, also wrote that Dupleix controlled those territories through a complex system of treaties and alliances, a system almost feudal in nature, territories guarded by garrisons with French commanders, but neither annexed nor transformed into protectorates.<ref>{{cite book |quote={{lang|fr|Dupleix mène une grande politique visant à contrôler un vaste territoire, il s'agit bien de contrôle et non d'annexion, ni même de protectorat; c’est un ensemble compliqué reposant sur une série de traités et d'alliances et sur l'installation de garnisons commandées par des officiers français. [...] C'est un système très souple de caractère presque féodal}} |first=Philippe |last=Haudrère |chapter=Présence française en Inde et dans l’Océan indien |title=Présences françaises outre-mer (XVIe–XXIe siècles) |editor1-first=Philippe |editor1-last=Bonichon |editor2=Pierre Gény |editor3=Jean Nemo |publisher=[[Académie des sciences d'outre-mer]] |date=2012 |volume=1 |page=245 }}</ref>

== List of French settlements in India ==
{{Further|Municipal administration in French India}} French establishments in the [[Indian peninsula]] as of 1839 were:<ref>Chapitre II, Notices statistiques sur les colonies françaises, 1839.</ref>

# On the [[Coromandel coast]],
#* '''[[Puducherry (city)|Pondichéry]]''' and its territory comprising districts of Pondichéry, Villenour and Bahour;
#* '''[[Karaikal|Karikal]]''' and its dependent ''maganams'', or districts.
# On the coast of [[Andhra Pradesh]],
#* '''[[Yanaon]]''' and its territory comprising dependent aldées or villages;
#* The [[Masulipatam]] lodge{{refn|group=note|The French Factory at Masulipatam was founded in 1669}} and a garden named Francepeth.{{refn|group=note|It is the largest and most significant loge among all others and was located on the outskirts of Masulipatam. It included two bungalows, a chapel and some other buildings. Its total area is around 61 acres (0.28sqkm).<ref name="francepethReference1993">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TWjiNLj2jx0C|title=A Geographical Account of Countries Round the Bay of Bengal, 1669 to 1679|author=Thomas Bowrey |publisher=Asian Educational Services|year=1993|isbn=9788120608481 }}</ref>{{rp|64}}}}
# On the [[Malabar coast]],
#* '''[[Mahé, India|Mahé]]''' and its territory;
#* The [[Calicut]] lodge.{{refn|group=note|This French Loge was within the British-held Calicut town and consisted of 6 acres on the seashore about half a mile north of the Calicut Lighthouse and adjoins the old district jail site.}}
# In [[Bengal]],
#* '''[[Chandannagar|Chandernagore]]''' and its territory;
#* The five lodges<ref name="LogesinBengalandOrissa">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=r2OKvG5wbaAC|title=A History of Modern India, 1480-1950|author=Claude Markovits|publisher=Anthem Press|page=210|year=2004|isbn=9781843311522 }}</ref> of [[Cossimbazar|Cassimbazar]],{{refn|group=note|This factory supplied silk goods cargoes and situated in the heart of silk belt.}} [[Jugdia|Jougdia]],{{refn|group=note|This factory supplied ordinary fabrics to the French East India Company. It was established in 1735 by [[Joseph François Dupleix|Dupleix]].}} [[Dacca]],{{refn|group=note|This factory exported muslins of 4 lakh rupees per annum by the mid-eighteen century. It was founded in 1722.}} [[Balasore]]{{refn|group=note|This factory was founded at the end of the seventeenth century but suffered from a lack of proper road transport and it lost its commercial activity during the next century.}} and [[Patna]].{{refn|group=note|This factory used to sell drapes from Europe and bought saltpetre and opium. It was founded in 1727.}}
# In [[Gujarat]],
#* [[Surat]] factory.{{refn|group=note|This factory was founded in 1668 after securing a firman and a factory site from Emperor Aurangzeb.}}

Under the French East India Company's regime, the name 'lodge' was given to factories or insulated establishments consisting of a home and adjacent ground where France had the right to fly its flag and establish trading posts.

<gallery class="center" widths="200px">
File:Pro-merger movement of French Settlements in India 1954.jpg|Pro-merger movement of French Settlements in India, 1954
File:Dupleix meeting the Soudhabar of the Deccan.jpg|[[Joseph François Dupleix|Dupleix]] meeting the Soudhabar of the [[Deccan Plateau|Deccan]], [[Murzapha Jung]]
File:Suffren meeting with Haider Ali, 26 july 1782 engraved by J B Morret 1789.jpg|[[Pierre André de Suffren de Saint Tropez|Suffren]] meeting with ally [[Hyder Ali]] in 1782, J. B. Morret engraving, 1789
File:French India postage stamps.jpg|French India postage stamps
File:Fiebig Government House Chandernagore.jpg|Chandernagore's Government House c. 1850
</gallery>

==List of chief governing officers==


=== Commissioners ===
* [[François Caron]], 1668–1672
* François Baron, 1672–1681
* [[François Martin (Pondicherry)|François Martin]], 1681 – November 1693
* ''Dutch occupation'', September 1693 – September 1699 — '''[[Treaty of Ryswick]]''' (1697)

=== Governors ===
In the days of the French East India Company, the title of the top official was most of the time Governor of Pondicherry and General Commander of the French settlements in the East Indies ({{langx|fr|Gouverneur de Pondichéry et commandant général des établissements français aux Indes orientales}}). After 1816, it was Governor of French establishments in India ({{langx|fr|Gouverneur des établissements français de l'Inde'}}).[[File:Quai Duplex at Strand Road Chandernagor.jpg|thumb|376x376px|Quai Dupleix at Strand Road [[Chandannagar|Chandernagor]]]][[File:Chandernagor Government Place and Covent.jpg|thumb|379x379px|[[Chandannagar|Chandernagore]] Government House and Convent]]
* [[François Martin (Pondicherry)|François Martin]], September 1699 – 31 December 1706
* [[Pierre Dulivier]] (Acting), January 1707 – July 1708
* [[Guillaume André d'Hébert]], 1708–1712
* [[Pierre Dulivier]], 1713–1715
* [[Guillaume André d'Hébert]], 1715–1718
* [[Pierre André Prévost de La Prévostière]], August 1718 – 11 October 1721
* [[Pierre Christoph Le Noir]] (Acting), 1721–1723
* [[Joseph Beauvollier de Courchant]], 1723–1726
* [[Pierre Christoph Le Noir]], 1727–1734
* [[Pierre Benoît Dumas]], 1735–1741
* [[Joseph François Dupleix]], 14 January 1742 – 15 October 1754
* [[Charles Godeheu]], Le commissaire (Acting), 15 October 1754 – 1754
* [[Georges Duval de Leyrit]], 1756–1758
* [[Thomas Arthur, comte de Lally]], 1758 – January 1761
* First British occupation, January 15, 1761 – June 25, 1765 — [[Treaty of Paris (1763)]]
* [[Jean Law de Lauriston]], 1765–1766
* [[Antoine Boyellau]] (Acting), 1766–1767
* [[Jean Law de Lauriston]], 1767 – January 1777[[File:Chandernagor Government House.jpg|thumb|376x376px|[[Chandannagar|Chandernagor]] ''Government House'']]
* Second British occupation, 1778 – 1783 – [[Peace of Paris (1783)|Treaty of Paris (1783)]]
* [[Guillaume de Bellecombe]], January 1777 – 1778
* [[Marquis de Bussy-Castelnau]], 1783–1785
* [[François de Souillac]], 1785
* [[David Charpentier de Cossigny]], October 1785 – 1787
* [[Thomas Conway]], October 1787 – 1789
* [[Camille Charles Leclerc, Chevalier de Fresne]], 1789–1792
* [[Dominique Prosper de Chermont]], November 1792 – 1793
* L. [[Leroux de Touffreville]], 1793
* Third British occupation, 23 August 1793 – 18 June 1802 — [[Treaty of Amiens]] (1802)
* [[Charles Mathieu Isidore Decaen]], 18 June 1802 – August 1803
* [[Louis Binot]], 1803
* Fourth British occupation, August 1803 – 26 September 1816 — [[Treaty of Paris (1814)]]
* [[Comte Dupuy]], 26 September 1816 – October 1825
* [[Joseph Cordier]], Marie Emmanuel (Acting), October 1825 – 19 June 1826
* [[Eugène Desbassayns de Richemont]], 1826 – 2 August 1828
* [[Joseph Cordier]], Marie Emmanuel (Acting), 2 August 1828 – 11 April 1829
* [[Auguste Jacques Nicolas Peureux de Mélay]], 11 April 1829 – 3 May 1835
* [[Hubert Jean Victor, Marquis de Saint-Simon]], 3 May 1835 – April 1840
* [[Paul de Nourquer du Camper]], April 1840 – 1844
* [[Louis Pujol]], 1844–1849
* [[Hyacinthe Marie de Lalande de Calan]], 1849–1850
* [[Philippe Achille Bédier]], 1851–1852
* [[Raymond de Saint-Maur]], August 1852 – April 1857
* [[Alexandre Durand d'Ubraye]], April 1857 – January 1863
* [[Napoléon Joseph Louis Bontemps]], January 1863 – June 1871
* [[Antoine-Léonce Michaux]], June 1871 – November 1871
* [[Pierre Aristide Faron]], November 1871 – 1875
* [[Adolph Joseph Antoine Trillard]], 1875–1878
* [[Léonce Laugier]], February 1879 – April 1881
* [[Théodore Drouhet]], 1881 – October 1884
* [[Étienne Richaud]], October 1884 – 1886
* [[Édouard Manès]], 1886–1888
* [[Georges Jules Piquet]], 1888–1889
* [[Louis Hippolyte Marie Nouet]], 1889–1891
* [[Léon Émile Clément-Thomas]], 1891–1896
* [[Louis Jean Girod]], 1896 – February 1898
* [[François Pierre Rodier]], February 1898 – 11 January 1902
* [[Louis Pelletan]] (Acting), 11 January 1902
* [[Victor Louis Marie Lanrezac]], 1902–1904
* [[Philema Lemaire]], August 1904 – April 1905
* [[Joseph Pascal François]], April 1905 – October 1906
* [[Gabriel Louis Angoulvant]], October 1906 – 3 December 1907
* [[Adrien Jules Jean Bonhoure]], 1908–1909
* [[Ernest Fernand Lévecque]], 1909 – 9 July 1910
* [[Alfred Albert Martineau]], 9 July 1910 – July 1911
* [[Pierre Louis Alfred Duprat]], July 1911 – November 1913
* [[Alfred Albert Martineau]], November 1913 – 29 June 1918
* [[Pierre Étienne Clayssen]] (Acting), 29 June 1918 – 21 February 1919
* [[Louis Martial Innocent Gerbinis]], 21 February 1919 – 11 February 1926
* [[Henri Léo Eugène Lagroua]] (Acting), 11 February 1926 – 5 August 1926
* [[Pierre Jean Henri Didelot]], 1926–1928
* [[Robert Paul Marie de Guise]], 1928–1931
* [[Adrien Juvanon]], 1931–1934
* [[Léon Solomiac]], August 1934 – 1936
* [[Horace Valentin Crocicchia]], 1936–1938
* [[Louis Bonvin]], 26 September 1938 – 1945
* [[Nicolas Ernest Marie Maurice Jeandin]], 1945–1946
* [[Charles François Marie Baron]], 20 March 1946 – 20 August 1947

French India became an [[Overseas territory (France)|Overseas territory]] ({{langx|fr|territoire d'outre-mer}}) of France in 1946.

=== Commissioners ===
* [[Charles François Marie Baron]], 20 August 1947 – May 1949
* [[Charles Chambon]], May 1949 – 31 July 1950
* [[André Ménard]], 31 July 1950 – October 1954
* [[Georges Escargueil]], October 1954 – 1 November 1954

French India ''[[de facto]]'' transferred to the [[India|Republic of India]] in 1954.

=== High Commissioners ===
{{See also|List of lieutenant governors of Puducherry}}
{{see|List of consuls general of India in the French India}}
The first High Commissioner, Kewal Singh was appointed immediately after the ''Kizhoor referendum'' on 21 October 1954 as per Foreign Jurisdiction Act, 1947.<ref name="ref2004"/>{{rp|964}} The Chief Commissioner had the powers of the former French commissioner, but was under the direct control of the Union Government.<ref name="reference1963">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7We3DQAAQBAJ|title=The Statesman's Year-Book 1963: The One-Volume ENCYCLOPAEDIA of all nations|work=S. Steinberg|publisher=MACMILLAN&Co.LTD, London|year=1963|isbn=9780230270893 }}</ref>{{rp|198}}

The list of Chief Commissioners is given below<ref name="ref2004">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DFqbAAAAMAAJ|title=Cabinet Responsibility to Legislature|work= G. C. Malhotra|publisher=Lok Sabha Secretariat|year=2004|isbn=9788120004009 }}</ref>{{rp|977}}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! {{Abbr|No.|Number}}
! Name
! class=unsortable | Took office
! class=unsortable | Left office
|-
| 1 || {{Sortname|Kewal |Singh}}
| 21 October 1954 || 16 November 1956
|-
| 2 || {{Sortname|M.K.|Kripalani}}<ref name="ref1958">{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=G_0mAQAAIAAJ|title=Civil Affairs|volume=5|publisher=Monthly Journal of Local Govt. and Public Administration in India|year=1958}}</ref>{{rp|103}}
| 17 November 1956||27 August 1958
|-
| 3 || {{Sortname|Lal Ram Saran|Singh}}<ref name="reference1960">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7We3DQAAQBAJ|title=The Statesman's Year-Book 1960: The One-Volume ENCYCLOPAEDIA of all nations|work=S. Steinberg|publisher=MACMILLAN&Co.LTD, London|year=1960|isbn=9780230270893 }}</ref>{{rp|197}}
| 30 August 1958||8 February 1961
|-
| 4 || {{Sortname|Sisir Kumar|Dutta}}<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6NbMDQAAQBAJ|title=The Statesman's Year-Book 1963: The One-Volume ENCYCLOPAEDIA of all nations|work=S. Steinberg|publisher=MACMILLAN&Co.LTD, London|pages=474–475|year=1963|isbn=9780230270923 }}</ref>
| 2 May 1961||1 August 1963
|-
| 5 || {{Sortname|K.J.|Somasundaram}}
| 2 August 1963||13 October 1963
|}

== See also ==
{{Portal|France|India|History}}
* [[Apostolic Prefecture of French Colonies in India]] (Catholic mission)
** [[Paris Foreign Missions Society]]
* [[British Raj]]
* [[Colonial India]]
* [[Coup d'état of Yanaon]]
* [[Danish India]]
* [[Dutch India]]
* [[Municipal administration in French India]]
* [[Portuguese India]]
* [[Bourbons of Bhopal]], a supposed branch of the House of Bourbon
* [[France–India relations]]
** [[Franco-Indian Alliances]]
* [[Jacobin Club of Mysore]]
* [[François Bernier]], French explorer, diplomat to the court of [[Aurangzeb]], and early proponent of [[scientific racism]]
* [[Orientalism in early modern France]]
** [[Indienne]]
== Notes ==
{{notelist}}
{{reflist|group=note}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== Bibliography ==
* Sudipta Das (1992). ''Myths and realities of French imperialism in India, 1763–1783''. New York: P. Lang. {{ISBN|0820416762}}. 459pp.

==External links==
{{Commons}}
*[https://frenchbooksonindia.com/ Frenchbooksonindia.com, an open access multilingual discovery tool with book data from 1531 to 2020, full-text ebooks from 1531 to 1937 and in-text search from c. 1830 to c. 1920]
* [[V. Sankaran]], [http://pib.nic.in/feature/feyr98/fe0898/f1808986.html ''Freedom struggle in Pondicherry''] – Gov't of India publication

{{Indian independence movement}}
{{Former French colonies}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:French India| ]]
[[Category:1769 establishments in India]]
[[Category:1769 establishments in the French colonial empire]]
[[Category:1954 disestablishments in India]]
[[Category:1954 disestablishments in the French colonial empire]]
[[Category:States and territories established in 1769]]
[[Category:States and territories disestablished in 1954]]
[[Category:Colonial India]]
[[Category:Colonial Malabar Coast]]
[[Category:Former colonies in Asia]]
[[Category:Former countries in South Asia]]
[[Category:France–India relations]]

M. Thambidurai

2026-03-28T19:01:50Z

FaustinoRicks4: improved article

{{Short description|Indian politician (born 1947)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2015}}
{{Infobox officeholder
|name = M. Thambidurai
|image = MThambidurai.jpg
|office = [[Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha|Member of Parliament]], [[Rajya Sabha]]
|constituency = [[List of Rajya Sabha members from Tamil Nadu|Tamil Nadu]]
|term_start = 3 April 2020
|office1 = [[Deputy Speaker of the Lok Sabha]]
|1blankname1 = Speaker
|1namedata1 = [[Sumitra Mahajan]]
|predecessor1 = [[Kariya Munda]]
| president1 = *[[Pranab Mukherjee]]
*[[Ram Nath Kovind]]
| 2blankname1 = [[Leader of the House in Lok Sabha|Leader of the House]]
| 2namedata1 = [[Narendra Modi]]
|successor1 = ''Vacant''
|term_start1 = 13 August 2014
|term_end1 = 25 May 2019
|1blankname2 = Speaker
|1namedata2 = [[Balram Jakhar]]
|predecessor2 = [[G. Lakshmanan]]
|successor2 = [[Shivraj Patil]]
|term_start2 = 22 January 1985
|term_end2 = 27 November 1989
| president2 = *[[Giani Zail Singh]]
*[[R. Venkataraman]]
| 2blankname2 = [[Leader of the House in Lok Sabha|Leader of the House]]
| 2namedata2 = [[Rajiv Gandhi]]
|office3 = [[Ministry of Law and Justice (India)|Union Minister of Law, Justice]] & [[Ministry of Corporate Affairs (India)|Corporate Affairs]] and [[Ministry of Surface Transport|Minister of State for Surface Transport]]
|primeminister3= [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]]
|predecessor3 = [[Ramakant Khalap]]
|successor3 = [[Rangarajan Kumaramangalam]]
|term_start3 = 19 March 1998
|term_end3 = 8 April 1999
|office4 = [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha|Member of Parliament]], [[Lok Sabha]]
|term_start4 = 14 May 2009
|term_end4 = 22 May 2019
|constituency4= [[Karur Lok Sabha constituency|Karur, Tamil Nadu]]
|predecessor4 = [[K.C. Palanisamy (DMK politician)|K. C. Palanisamy]]
|successor4 = [[Jothimani|S. Jothimani]]
|term_start5 = 10 March 1998
|term_end5 = 26 April 1999
|constituency5= [[Karur Lok Sabha constituency|Karur, Tamil Nadu]]
| predecessor5= K. Natrayan
| successor5 = [[M. Chinnasamy]]
|term_start6 = 1989
|term_end6 = 1991
|constituency6= [[Karur Lok Sabha constituency|Karur, Tamil Nadu]]
|predecessor6 = A.R. Murugaiah
|successor6 = N. Murugesan
|term_start7 = 1984
|term_end7 = 1989
|constituency7= [[Dharmapuri Lok Sabha constituency|Dharmapuri, Tamil Nadu]]
|predecessor7 = [[K. Arjunan]]
|successor7 = M. G. Sekhar
|office8 = [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Member]] of [[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly]]
|term_start8 = 18 May 2001
|term_end8 = 25 May 2009 |constituency8= [[Bargur Assembly constituency|Bargur]]
|predecessor8 = [[E. G. Sugavanam]]
|successor8 = K. R. K. Narasimhan
|term_start9 = 1977
|term_end9 = 1982
|constituency9= [[Erode Assembly constituency|Erode]]
|office11 = [[Third Jayalalithaa ministry|Minister for Education, Technical Education, Science and Technology, Sports and Youth Welfare, Archeology, Tamil Development and Tamil Culture, Indian Overseas, Refugees and Evacuees]], [[Government of Tamil Nadu]]
|1blankname11 = Chief Minister
|1namedata11 = [[J. Jayalalithaa]] [[O. Panneerselvam]] [[J. Jayalalithaa]]
|term_start11 = 16 May 2001
|term_end11 = 12 May 2006
| office12 = [[Ministry of propaganda|Propaganda Secretary]] of [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
| term_start12= 28 August 2007
| term_end12 =
| 1blankname12= [[General Secretary of the All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|General Secretary]]
| 1namedata12 = {{ubl|[[J. Jayalalithaa]]|[[V. K. Sasikala]]|[[Edappadi K. Palaniswami]] }}
| predecessor12= Edappadi K. Palaniswami
| successor12 =
| office13 = [https://sansad.in/rs/about/panel-of-vice-chairmen Member of Panel of Vice Chairpersons (Rajya Sabha)]
| alongside13 = [[Dinesh Sharma (politician)]], [[Bhubaneswar Kalita]], [[S. Phangnon Konyak]], [[Rajani Ashokrao Patil]], [[Sasmit Patra]], [[Tiruchi Siva]], [[Sasmit Patra]]
| term_start13 = from
| term_end =
|birth_date = {{birth date and age|1947|3|15|df=y}}
|birth_place = [[Krishnagiri district|Sinthagampalli]], [[Madras Province]], [[British India]]
|death_date =
|death_place =
|party = [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] (1972-present)
|otherparty = [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] (1965-1972)
|spouse = {{marriage|Banumathi Thambidurai|1986}}
|children = 2
|alma_mater = [[Madras Christian College]]
|residence = [[New Delhi|5, Tughlak Lane, New Delhi]]
}}
{{Dravidian politics sidebar}}

'''Munisamy Thambidurai''' (born 15 March 1947) is an Indian politician from [[Tamil Nadu]] who served as the [[Deputy Speaker of the Lok Sabha]]<ref>{{cite web | url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/M-Thambidurai-elected-deputy-speaker-of-Lok-Sabha/articleshow/40175416.cms | title=M Thambidurai elected deputy speaker of Lok Sabha | publisher=Times of India | date=13 August 2014 | accessdate=14 August 2014}}</ref> and leader of [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] (AIADMK) in the [[Lok Sabha]], the lower house of the [[Indian Parliament]].<ref>{{cite web | url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/lok-sabha-elections-2014/news/Thambidurai-appointed-AIADMKs-parliamentary-party-leader/articleshow/35335779.cms | title=Thambidurai appointed AIADMK's parliamentary party leader | work=[[The Times of India]] | date=19 May 2014 | author=Julie Mariappan}}</ref> He had served as the Cabinet Minister of [[Ministry of Law and Justice (India)|Law, Justice and Company Affairs]] and as the Minister of State of [[Ministry of Surface Transport|Surface Transport]] from March 1998 to April 1999. He had also served as the [[Deputy Speaker of the Lok Sabha]] from 1985 to 1989.<ref name="tham">{{cite web |url=http://164.100.47.132/LssNew/members/former_Biography.aspx?mpsno=3205 |title=Fifteenth Lok Sabha Members Bioprofile: Thambidurai, Dr. Munisamy |publisher=[[Lok Sabha]] |accessdate=31 May 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140605054040/http://164.100.47.132/LssNew/members/former_Biography.aspx?mpsno=3205 |archive-date=5 June 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Political career==
Thambidurai started his political career as a youth worker and student activist of the erstwhile united [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|DMK]] in 1965 at the age of 18, when he was in the first year as a student of [[Madras Christian College]]. He participated in the anti-Hindi agitation of 1965 and courted arrest. He worked his way up in the Party as a hard working organizer, starting as a worker at the booth level for Municipal and Legislative Assembly polls in 1967 and 1971 for the DMK, and also as an [[Agitprop]] coordinator in universities and colleges. He was among the founding-members and first generation of the [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|AIADMK]] in 1972 when the party split with [[M.G. Ramachandran]]. He became an [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]] from [[Erode Assembly constituency|Erode]] in 1977, and was first elected as a [[Member of Parliament]] to the [[8th Lok Sabha]] in 1984 from [[Dharmapuri]] and was subsequently elected to the [[9th Lok Sabha|9th]], [[12th Lok Sabha|12th]], [[15th Lok Sabha|15th]] and [[16th Lok Sabha|16th]] Lok Sabha from [[Karur Lok Sabha constituency|Karur]]. He was also elected to the Tamil Nadu assembly in the 2001 and 2006 elections from [[Bargur Assembly constituency]]. He also served as minister of Education, Technical Education, Science and Technology, Sports and Youth Welfare, Archeology, Tamil Development and Tamil Culture, Indian Overseas, Refugees and Evacuees. He was in the portfolio during Jayalaithaa 2001 cabinet.

Thambidurai contested the 2014 Lok Sabha elections from [[Karur Lok Sabha constituency]] in Tamil Nadu and was subsequently elected as a member of the Indian Parliament. He had been serving as the leader of AIADMK in the Lok Sabha since 2009. He lost in the general elections in 2019 to [[Jothimani]].

==Elections Contested==
===Lok Sabha===
{| class="sortable wikitable"
! Year
! Constituency
! colspan="2"|Party
! Votes
! %
! Opponent
! colspan="2"|Opponent Party
! Opponent Votes
! %
! Result
! Margin
! %
|-
! [[1984 Indian general election|1984]]
| [[Dharmapuri Lok Sabha constituency|Dharmapuri]]
| {{Party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|rowspan=7}}
| 3,33,427
| 63.33
| Parvathi Krishnan
| {{Party name with color|Communist Party of India}}
| 1,82,175
| 34.6
| {{yes2|Won}}
| 1,51,252
| 28.73
|-
! [[1989 Indian general election|1989]]
| rowspan="6"|[[Karur Lok Sabha constituency|Karur]]
| 4,84,492
| 65.6
| K. C. Palanisamy
| {{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
| 2,45,741
| 33.27
| {{yes2|Won}}
| 2,38,751
| 32.33
|-
! [[1996 Indian general election|1996]]
| 2,41,556
| 33.08
| rowspan="2"|K. Natrayan
| {{Party name with color|Tamil Maanila Congress (Moopanar)|rowspan=2}}
| 4,09,830
| 56.12
| {{no2|Lost}}
| -1,68,274
| -23.04
|-
! [[1998 Indian general election|1998]]
| 3,27,480
| 50.39
| 2,83,807
| 43.67
| {{yes2|Won}}
| 43,673
| 6.72
|-
! [[2009 Indian general election|2009]]
| 3,80,542
| 46.21
| K. C. Palanisamy
| {{Party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|rowspan=2}}
| 3,33,288
| 40.48
| {{yes2|Won}}
| 47,254
| 5.73
|-
! [[2014 Indian general election|2014]]
| 5,40,722
| 52.36
| M. Chinnasamy
| 3,45,475
| 33.45
| {{yes2|Won}}
| 1,95,247
| 18.91
|-
! [[2019 Indian general election|2019]]
| 2,75,151
| 25.06
| S. Jothimani
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
| 6,95,697
| 63.36
| {{no2|Lost}}
| -4,20,546
| -38.3
|}

===Rajya Sabha===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Position
! colspan="2" | Party
! Constituency
! From
! To
! Tenure
|-
| [[Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha]] (1st Term)
| {{Party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
| [[Tamil Nadu]]
| 3 April 2020
| 2 April 2026
| '''{{ayd|2020|4|3|2026|4|2}}'''
|}

===Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly===

==Personal life==
Dr.M.Thambidurai born in Sinthagampalli village of krishnagiri district [[Tamil Nadu]] belongs to a virakodi vellala Community which is a majority in some of the Districts of [[Tamil Nadu]]. He is member of the Trust of Adhiyamaan Educational and Research Institutions, Chennai; St.Peter's Institute of Higher Education and Research Chennai; Lakshmi Sarawathi Educational Trust, Chennai; Kovai Kalaimagal Educational Trust which is managed by his wife Dr. T. Bhanumathi. He has two daughters .<ref>{{cite news |title=Thambidurai agrees to provide access to lands |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/thambidurai-agrees-to-provide-access-to-lands/article4996793.ece |accessdate=13 January 2019 |agency=The hindu}}</ref><ref name="ugc">{{cite web |title=Report of the Expert Committee |url=https://www.ugc.ac.in/oldpdf/ecreportdu/stpeterintofhighereduchanni.pdf |website=UGC |accessdate=13 January 2019}}</ref>

== Nickname ==
M. Thamidurai also has a nickname, known to be, "Kriblomus", Thambidurai was known to be called this nickname as a kid by his brothers and he also was known to be a very large jokester. <ref>{{Citation |last=Momin |first=Noorjahan |title=The Political Economy of Elections and Media in Contemporary Times |date=2024-09-02 |work=Communities as Vote Banks |pages=191–202 |url=https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003538448-13 |access-date=2026-03-15 |place=London |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-003-53844-8}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam }}
{{Dravidian politics}}
{{Council of Ministers of Tamil Nadu}}
{{8th Lok Sabha members from Tamil Nadu}}
{{9th Lok Sabha members from Tamil Nadu}}
{{12th Lok Sabha members from Tamil Nadu}}
{{15th Lok Sabha members from Tamil Nadu}}
{{16th LS members from Tamil Nadu |state=expanded}}
{{Deputy speakers of the Lok Sabha}}
{{Rajya Sabha members from Tamil Nadu}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Thambidurai, M.}}
[[Category:All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam politicians]]
[[Category:Law ministers of India]]
[[Category:Union ministers from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Deputy speakers of the Lok Sabha]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Lok Sabha members from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:India MPs 1989–1991]]
[[Category:India MPs 1998–1999]]
[[Category:India MPs 2009–2014]]
[[Category:People from Dharmapuri district]]
[[Category:India MPs 2014–2019]]
[[Category:People from Krishnagiri district]]
[[Category:1947 births]]
[[Category:University of Madras alumni]]
[[Category:India MPs 1984–1989]]
[[Category:People from Karur district]]

Srivaikuntanathan Perumal temple

2026-03-28T04:42:10Z

FaustinoRicks4: Put up

{{Short description|Hindu temple of the god Vishnu in Srivaikuntam, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2020}}
{{Infobox temple
| name = Srivaikuntanathan Perumal Temple
| image = Srivaikuntam6.jpg
| alt =
| caption =
| map_type = India Tamil Nadu
| map_caption = Location in [[Tamil Nadu]]
| coordinates = {{coord|8|37|52.2|N|77|54|34.6|E|type:landmark_region:IN|display=inline,title}}
| country = [[India]]
| state = [[Tamil Nadu]]
| district = [[Thoothukudi district|Thoothukudi]]
| location = [[Srivaikuntam]]
| elevation_m = 41
| deity = Vaikunthanathan ([[Vishnu]])
Vaikunthavalli ([[Lakshmi]])
Kallapiran ([[Vishnu]])
| facade_direction =
| temple_tank = Brighu
| tower = Chandra
| Prathyaksham =
| festivals =
| architecture = [[Dravidian architecture]]
| temple_quantity =
| monument_quantity =
| inscriptions =
| year_completed =
| creator =
| website = {{url|navathirupathitemples.tnhrce.in/kallapiran.html}}
}}

'''Srivaikuntanathan Perumal Temple''' (also called '''Srivaikuntam temple''' and '''Kallapiran temple''') in [[Srivaikuntam]], a town in [[Thoothukudi district]] in the South Indian state of [[Tamil Nadu]], is dedicated to the Hindu god [[Vishnu]]. It is located 22 km from [[Tirunelveli]]. Constructed in the [[Tamil architecture|Tamil style of architecture]], the temple is glorified in the ''[[Divya Prabandha|Nalayira Divya Prabandham]]'', the early medieval [[Tamil literature|Tamil]] canon of the [[Alvars|Alvar]] saints from the 6th–9th centuries CE. It is one of the 108 ''[[Divyadesam|Divya Desams]]'' dedicated to Vishnu, who is worshipped as Vaikunthanathar and his consort [[Lakshmi]] as Vaikunthavalli.<ref>{{cite book|title=108 Vaishnavite Divya Desams: Divya desams in Pandya Nadu|last= M. S. |first=Ramesh|publisher= Tirumalai-Tirupati Devasthanam|year=1993}}.</ref> The temple is also classified as a [[Navatirupathi|Nava Tirupati]], the nine temples revered by [[Nammazhwar|Nammalvar]] located in the banks of [[Tamiraparani River|Tamiraparani]] river.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Rajarajan|first=R.K.K.|date=2011|title=Dakṣiṇamūrti on vimānas of Viṣṇu Temples in the Far South.|url=https://www.academia.edu/3310983|journal=South Asian Studies |volume=27|issue=2|pages=131–144|via=https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02666030.2011.614413|doi=10.1080/02666030.2011.614413|s2cid=194022781}}</ref> The temple is next only to [[Alwarthirunagari Temple]] in terms of importance among the nine [[Navatirupathi]] temple. The temple is one of the Navagraha temples in [[Vaishnavism]], associated with [[Surya]], the sun god.

A granite wall surrounds the temple, enclosing all its shrines and two of its three bodies of water. The ''[[gopuram|rajagopuram]]'', the temple's gateway tower, is {{convert|110|ft|m|abbr=on}} tall. Thiruvengadamudayan hall houses rare life size sculptures commissioned during the 16th century.

Srivaikuntanathar is believed to have appeared to slay Somukasura, who abducted the four ''[[Vedas]]''. The presiding deity is called Pal Pandian as a cow performed ablution daily to the submerged deity during the Pandyan era and Kallapiran as he helped a thief who prayed to Vishnu while he was in trouble. The temple follows [[Thenkalai|Tenkalai]] tradition of worship. Six daily rituals and three yearly festivals are held at the temple, of which the ten-day annual Brahmotsavam during the [[Tamil calendar|Tamil]] month of ''Chittirai'' (April - May) and the Nammalvar birth celebrations with Garudasevai with all nine temple of Nava Tirupati, being the most prominent. The temple is maintained and administered by the Hindu Religious and Endowment Board of the [[Government of Tamil Nadu]].

==Legend==
[[File:Srivaikundam Temple.jpg|250px|left|thumb|Image of the main entrance]]
According to the temple's [[Sthala purana|regional legend]], [[Matsya Purana|Somukasura]], an [[asura]], defeated [[Brahma]], the Hindu god of creation and stole the four ''[[Vedas]]'' (sacred texts) from him. Brahma was helpless, and he did severe penance in the banks of Tamiraparani river, seeking favour from Vishnu in the form of Vaikuntanathan. Pleased by the penance, Vishnu appeared to Brahma and promised to retrieve the ''Vedas''. Taking form of a divine fish called the [[Matsya]] [[Avatar|avataram]], Vishnu killed the Somukasura and restored the ''Vedas'' to Brahma. He also wished to set his abode as Srivakuntam and resided there as Vaikunthanatha.<ref name=M/>

As per another legend, the image of Vaikunthanatha, over the period of several ages, had no patrons and was left submerged under the earth. A cow from a herd of the king, which used to graze at the place, did ablution at the place with its where Vaikunthanatha lay buried. The king was displeased to see that a particular cow alone was not yielding milk and thought it might have been the trick of the herdsman. He deployed his men to monitor the cow, who reported the events to the king. The king realised that the cow would lead him to divinity and he dug up the region around the place. He reinstated the image of Vaikunthanathar and expanded the temple. Since Vaikunthanathar was revealed by the cow, the presiding deity got the name Pal Pandian (''pal'' in [[Tamil language|Tamil]] indicates milk).<ref name=M/>

Kaladushana was a head of robbers in the region. The ruling Pandya king wanted to arrest him, but his attempts were futile. During one of the encounters, he could arrest everyone except Kaladushana. Kaladushana prayed to Srivaikuntanathar to save him and his troop from the king. Vaikunthanathar appeared as Kaldushana and surrendered before the king. Later, he appeared in the dreams of the king to narrate the events and also informed him that he wanted the king and the people to learn that large accumulation of ill-gotten wealth would be stolen and would reach the right hands. The king was enlightened and he released Kaladushana and his troop. Since Vaikunthanathar appeared for thieves (called ''kalla'' in Tamil), he came to be known as Kallapiran.<ref name=M/>

==History==
[[File:Srivaikuntam5.jpg|Pillared hall with ''[[yali (mythology)|yalis]]'', the symbol of pandyas|250px|thumb]]
There are six inscriptions in the temple deciphered by the Archaeological Department. The inscription from a ruler named Konerimaikondan records a gift of five ''velis'' of land as a tax free gift to the temple. The temple also obtained grant for building and maintenance of a garden from a ruler who defeated the [[Chera]]s. The [[Pandya]] ruler [[Jatavarman Kulasekaran I]] (1190–1216 CE) also offered a similar grant to the temple. [[Maravarman Sundara Pandyan]] (1216–1238) made offerings to perpetual lighting of the temple. An inscription from his reign also indicates the installation of the shrine of Vaikunthavalli. Vira Pandyan IV (1309–1345) offered land to the temple to perform special poojas in the temple during his birthday in the Tamil month of Vaikasi. During 1801, the temple acted as a fort for the [[British Raj|British]] against the forces of [[Veerapandiya Kattabomman]] (1790–99). It is believed that the marks of war and destruction of Pandiyan history by the later nayakkar were visible in the temple during modern times.

==Architecture==
The temple occupies an area of {{convert|5|acre|ha|abbr=on}} and is surrounded by a granite wall {{convert|580|ft|m|abbr=on}} long and {{convert|396|ft|m|abbr=on}} broad. The ''[[gopuram|rajagopuram]]'', the temple's gateway tower, is {{convert|110|ft|m|abbr=on}} tall.
The granite wall surrounds the temple, enclosing all its shrines and two of its three bodies of water. The sanctum houses the image of Vishnu as Srivaikunanatha in standing posture with a club in his hand. [[Shesha|Adishesha]], the serpent-mount of Vishnu, is seen holding a parasol over his head. The image is made of [[Saligrama|shaligrama]] stone and ablution is usually done with milk. The hall preceding the sanctum, the Artha [[Mandapam]] houses the festival image of Vishnu made of [[panchaloha]] with the images of his consorts Sridevi ([[Lakshmi]]) and [[Bhūmi|Bhudevi]] on either of his sides. It is believed that the sculptor caressed the cheeks of the image with his hand as he got enchanted by the image and it is seen in the image. The Ardha mandapa is guarded by two [[Dvarapala|dvarapalas]] on either sides. This is the only temple where Adishesha the serpent, guards Vishnu in standing posture unlike the other places where it covers in sitting posture.<ref name=Meena>{{cite book|title=Temples in South India|last=V.|first=Meena|publisher=Harikumar Arts|location=Kanniyakumari|pages=8–9}}</ref>

There are two shrines for the two consorts of Vishnu, Caikunta Nayaki and Chorantha Nayaki, both facing each other. There are separate shrines for [[Vishvaksena]] (Senai Mudaliyar), [[Garuda]], [[Krishna]] as Venugopala, [[Manavala Mamunigal]] and [[Narasimha|Yoga Narasimha]]. The festival image of Yoga Narasimha and Lakshmi Narasimha, is also housed in the same shrine. There is another shrine that houses the images of the ten [[avatar]]s of Vishnu. The temple has five precincts. The Mahamandapa and the Swarga Madapa are believed to be later additions.<ref name=M/>

The Vijayanagar and Nayak kings commissioned paintings on the walls of the shrine of temple, some of which are still present.<ref>{{cite book|first=Rajarajan|last= R.K.K. |year=2018|title= Forgotten Nāyaka Paintings - ''Divyadeśa''s within the four walls of the Vaikuntam ''garbhagṛha''. In J. Soundararajan, ed.|journal= Indian Paintings and Arts Through the Ages|location= Chennai|publisher= Pranesh Publications|pages=16–28|isbn=9788193629673|url=https://www.academia.edu/36276731|access-date=7 October 2018}}</ref> Thiruvengadamudayan hall, located to the right of the gopuram, houses rare life size sculptures commissioned during the 16th century. It was built by Vadamalayappa Pillai, an official in the [[Madurai Nayak]] kingdom. There are numerous images of yalis, elephants and deities in the hall, some of which are even {{convert|5|ft|m|abbr=on}} wide. The major images seen in the temple are that of [[Bhikshatana]], Venugopala, Krishna as Madanagopala, Krishna as Govardhanagiri, [[Nammalvar]], [[Kamadeva]] (Manmatha) and [[Rati]]. Depiction of [[Hanuman]] in various poses can be seen in the temple. There are life size images of Agora [[Virabhadra]] and warriors. [[Rama]] is seen hugging the monkey king [[Sugreeva]] with his right hand and holding his bow in the left and on his left stands Sita, while in another pillar he is seen hugging Hanuman with his right hand and Angada seen standing in anjali. A host of monkey warriors standing at the bottom of both the sculptures.<ref name=M/> The composite columns of Virabhadra holding sword and horn are found be additions of the Vijayanayagara kings during the early 1500s.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Imperial Frontiers: Building Sacred Space in Sixteenth-Century South India|jstor=20619601|last=Branfoot|first=Crispin |journal=The Art Bulletin|volume=90|issue=2|pages=171–194|date=1 June 2008|doi=10.1080/00043079.2008.10786389|s2cid=154135978}}</ref>

The [[Dhwaja Stambha|dhvajastambha]] mandapam has pillars with refined architectural features. The Tirumoli mandapam has sculptures of monkeys, squirrels and parrots. It also houses images of monkeys performing various activities. The corridor inside the temple has paintings having the details about the 108 [[Divya Desam]] shrines of Vishnu. There are also paintings detailing the coronation of Rama. There are two temple tanks namely Brighu Theertha and Kalasa theertha near the temple. A huge temple tank near the Tamiraparani river is also associated with the temple. It is in this tank that the float festival is celebrated yearly.<ref name=M/>

Lions, ''[[Yali (Hindu Mythology)|Yali]]s'' and elephants are carved in the pillars of the ''[[mandap]]am''. The temple served as a fort during the patriotic war of [[Kattabomman]] with the British.<ref>''Tourist Guide to South India ''.Various authors. Page 117.</ref> The temple has a nine-tier ''raja[[gopuram]]'' amidst lush vegetation around the temple.<ref name=M>{{cite book|title=15 Vaishnava Temples of Tamil Nadu|last=M.|first=Rajagopalan|pages=155–159|publisher=Govindaswamy Printers|location=Chennai, India|year=1993}}</ref>

==Religious significance==
[[File:Srivaikuntam7.jpg|250px|thumb|right|Image of the second gateway tower]]
''[[Brahmanda Purana]]'' one of the eighteen sacred texts of Hinduism and written by [[Veda Vyasa]] contains a chapter called Navathirupathi Mahatmeeyam. The first part of the chapter refers to Srivaikuntam. ''Vaikunta Mahatmeeyam'' is another work in [[Sanskrit]] that glorifies the temple and is a part of ''Tamraparani Sthalapurana'' available only in palm manuscripts.<ref name=M/>
The temple is revered in ''[[Nalayira Divya Prabandham]]'', the 7th–9th century Vaishnava canon, by [[Nammazhwar|Nammalvar]]. The temple is classified as a ''[[Divyadesam|Divya Desam]]'', one of the 108 Vishnu temples that are mentioned in the book. The temple is also classified as a [[Navatirupathi]], the nine temples revered by Nammalvar located in the banks of [[Tamiraparani River|Tamiraparani]] river. The temple is next only to [[Alwarthirunagari Temple]] in terms of importance among the nine [[Navatirupathi]] temple.<ref name=M/><ref name="dinamalar"/> Nammalvar makes a reference about the temple in his works in ''[[Tiruvaymoli]]''. During the 18th and 19th centuries, the temple finds mention in several works like ''108 Tirupathi Anthathi'' by Divya Kavi Pillai Perumal Aiyangar, ''Vaikuntha Pillai Tamil'', ''Vaikuntanatha Thalattu'', ''Vaikuntanatha Tiruppanimalai'' and ''Srivakiuntam Ammanai''. The roof over the sanctum is called Chandra vimana, where a ''[[stupa]]'' of gold is installed on the top.<ref name=M/> The temple also forms a series of Navagraha temples where each of the nine planetary deities of one of the temples of Navatirupathi. The temple is associated with the planet [[Surya]], the Sun god.<ref>{{cite news|title=Amazing posture at Srivaikuntam|url=http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/fr/2002/11/15/stories/2002111501310400.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030129161601/http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/fr/2002/11/15/stories/2002111501310400.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=29 January 2003|date=15 November 2001|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=25 October 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Jothirlingam: The Indian Temple Guide|publisher=Partridge Publishing|year=2015|isbn=9781482847864|page=30|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CE55CgAAQBAJ&q=navathirupathi&pg=PT100|last=Suriya}}</ref><ref name=A>{{cite book|title=Temples of South India|first=Ambujam |last=Anantharaman|pages=33–43|publisher=East West Books (Madras)|year=2006|isbn=978-81-88661-42-8}}</ref>

==Festival==
{{Multiple image
| caption_align = center
| header_align = center
| align = left
| total_width = 300
| width1 = 480
| height1 = 640
| width2 = 480
| height2 = 640
| direction = horizontal
| image2 = Srivaikundam Temple Structure, Thirunelveli4.jpg
| caption2 = Image of [[Veerabhadra|Veerabadra]]
| image1 = Srivaikundam Temple Structure, Thirunelveli5.jpg
| caption1 = Image of warrior
}}

The ''[[Garuda]] Sevai utsavam'' (festival) in the month of Vaikasi (May-Jun) witnesses 9 ''[[Garuda]]sevai'', a spectacular event in which festival image idols from the Navatirupathi shrines in the area are brought on ''[[Garuda]] [[vahana]]'' (sacred vehicle). An idol of [[Nammalvar]] is also brought here on an ''Anna Vahanam'' (palanquin) and his ''pasurams'' (verses) dedicated to each of these 9 temples are recited. The ''[[utsavar]] ''(festival deity) of [[Nammalvar]] is taken in a palanquin to each of the 9 temples, through the paddy fields in the area. The ''pasurams'' (poems) dedicated to each of the nine [[Divyadesam|Divya Desam]]s are chanted in the respective shrines. This is the most important of the festivals in this area, and it draws thousands of visitors.{{fact|date=July 2020}}

The temple follows the traditions of the [[Thenkalai|Tenkalai]] sect of Vaishnavite tradition and follows ''Pancharathra aagama''. The temple priests perform the ''[[puja (Hinduism)|pooja]]'' (rituals) during festivals and on a daily basis. As at other Vishnu temples of Tamil Nadu, the priests belong to the [[Vaishnavism|Vaishnavaite]] community, from the Brahmin class. The temple rituals are performed four times a day: ''Kalasanthi'' at 8:00 a.m., ''Uchikalam'' at 12:00 p.m., ''Sayarakshai'' at 6:00 p.m., and ''Ardha Jamam'' at 8:00 p.m. Each ritual has three steps: ''alangaram'' (decoration), ''neivethanam'' (food offering) and ''deepa aradanai'' (waving of lamps) for both Vaikunthanathar and Vaikunthavalli. During the last step of worship, ''[[nagaswaram|nadasvaram]]'' (pipe instrument) and ''[[tavil]]'' (percussion instrument) are played, religious instructions in the ''[[Vedas]]'' (sacred text) are recited by priests, and worshippers prostrate themselves in front of the [[Iconography of Shiva temples in Tamil Nadu#Dvajasthamba and Pali Peedam|temple mast]]. There are weekly, monthly and fortnightly rituals performed in the temple.<ref name="dinamalar">{{cite web|title=Sri Vaikuntanatha Swamy temple|url=https://temple.dinamalar.com/en/new_en.php?id=806|publisher=Dinamalar|access-date=31 May 2014|year=2014}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://thoothukudi.nic.in/Navathirupathi_tour.html Thoothukudi District administration - Navatirupathi]
{{commonscat|Srivaikuntanathan Permual Temple}}
{{Nava Tirupathi}}
{{Famous Vishnu temples}}

[[Category:Divya Desams| ]]
[[Category:Hindu temples in Thoothukudi district]]
[[Category:Pandyan architecture]]

Maoist involvement in the Nandigram violence

2026-03-28T04:32:07Z

FaustinoRicks4:

{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2024}}{{Use Indian English|date=September 2024}}

The 2007–2008 [[Nandigram violence]] was one of the major incidents which saw an alleged involvement of Maoists or more precisely the cadres, armed activists and [[Guerrilla warfare|guerrillas]] of [[Communist Party of India (Maoist)]]. Trouble started after the Government of West Bengal led by [[Left Front (West Bengal)|Left front]] tried to acquire the agricultural land in [[Nandigram]] to allow Indonesia's [[Salim Group]] to set up a hub for chemical industries. [[Buddhadeb Bhattacharjee]], the then chief minister of [[West Bengal]], accused the Maoists for the violence during the Nandigram. Afterwards, they made a report that was submitted to the then Prime Minister [[Manmohan Singh]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/naxalites-incited-nandigram-and-singur-flare-up-buddha-tells-pm/articleshow/2642223.cms?from=mdr|title=Naxalites incited Nandigram and Singur flare-up, Buddha tells PM|first=Manisha|last=Choudhury|newspaper=The Economic Times}}</ref> Afterwards in 2014, CPI (Maoists) confirmed that they were active during the Nandigram protests and termed it as "revolutionary people’s agitation".

==Insurgency, arms dealing and militant involvement==
According to the [[CID West Bengal|West Bengal CID]] report, Maoists had set up base in Nandigram during December 2006,<ref name="auto3">{{Cite web|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-from-home-made-bombs-to-ak-47s-1132231|title=From home-made bombs to AK-47s|first=Sumanta Ray|last=Chaudhuri|date=8 November 2007|website=DNA India}}</ref> which was later confirmed by captured Maoist leader Madhusudan Mondal.<ref name="auto9">{{Cite web|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-trinamool-mp-supplied-arms-to-maoists-cid-1410828|title=Trinamool MP supplied arms to Maoists: CID|first=Sumanta Ray|last=Chaudhuri|date=17 July 2010|website=DNA India}}</ref> The Maoists firstly collected villagers under Bhoomi Raksha Committee and built up their cadres. Afterwards they started to deal and supply arms to the villagers<ref name="auto7">{{Cite web|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-maoist-network-spreads-to-nandigram-1130702|title=Maoist network spreads to Nandigram|first=Sumanta Ray|last=Chaudhuri|date=30 October 2007|website=DNA India}}</ref> and the activists of Bhoomi Raksha Committee as well as TMC-led [[Bhumi Uchhed Pratirodh Committee]]<ref name="auto9"/> and taught them to use the arms and also explosives.<ref name="auto">{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/trinamool-men-on-maoist-hit-list-in-nandigram/articleshow/5258720.cms|title=Trinamool men on Maoist hit list in Nandigram | Kolkata News – Times of India|website=The Times of India|date=23 November 2009 }}</ref> Initially they used muskets, pipe-guns and homemade bombs.<ref name="auto3"/> There were about 200 armed persons in Nandigram including [[Naxalite–Maoist insurgency|Naxals]] and were shipping arms and explosives using the canals leading in from the [[Bay of Bengal]].<ref name="auto6">{{Cite web|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-shadow-boxing-over-nandigram-1131902|title=Shadow-boxing over Nandigram|first=Rajesh|last=Sinha|date=6 November 2007|website=DNA India}}</ref> The villagers of Sonachura block of Nandigram confirmed that during the Nandigram protests, more than 50 young people were taken and trained with arms in [[Jharkhand]] and [[Chhattisgarh]].<ref name="auto"/>
As per findings of IB, the Maoists were organising training camps in Jharkhand and using the state’s borders with [[Orissa]] to create violence in Nandigram.<ref name="auto1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-nandigram-uneasy-as-maoists-sneak-in-1154574|title=Nandigram uneasy as Maoists sneak in|first=Sumanta Ray|last=Chaudhuri|date=6 March 2008|website=DNA India}}</ref> Bhangabera, the border of Nandigram was place of frequent tension and violence.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-a-left-citadel-under-siege-1131914|title=A Left citadel under siege|date=6 November 2007|website=DNA India}}</ref>
Senior police officers also acknowledged that rebels were active in the coastal belt of the district.<ref name="auto"/>
Raj Kanojia, IG (law & order) and additional director general, CID,<ref name="auto8">{{Cite web|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-nabbed-maoist-was-operating-in-west-bengal-focusing-on-nandigram-1354986|title=Nabbed Maoist was operating in West Bengal, focusing on Nandigram|date=4 March 2010|website=DNA India}}</ref> said the police were aware of the presence of the Maoists in Nandigram and their tries to organise locals.<ref name="auto1"/>

During heavy protests in May 2007, several vehicles containing relief materials and many vehicles containing the emblem of a particular religious organization used to enter Nandigram every week. Both vehicles contained sophisticated arms and ammunition. On parts of the roads they created deep dug trenches that helped the Maoists in stopping the Police and media from entering the place. These also come in handy for them take positions while resisting security forces.<ref name="auto3"/> The committee activists destroyed other connecting roads to Nandigram and built the trenches at six major entry points Ranichak, Tekhali bridge, Taptatti Canal, Giribazar Pool, Talibhata and Bhangabera having installed high intensity explosives. Special action squad teams were also placed at Garchakraberia, Sonachura and Satengabazar equipped with mortars, self loading rifles, double barrel guns, country-made pistols and muskets. In the name of student of [[Jadavpur University]], members of a Naxalite student’s union was entrusted with the responsibility of spreading propaganda against CPI(M). Temporary workshop had been set up in [[Sona Chura|Sonachura]] to make country-made single-shooter pistols.<ref name="auto4">{{Cite web|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-nandigram-cut-off-as-guns-take-over-1131700|title=Nandigram cut off as guns take over|first=Sumanta Ray|last=Chaudhuri|date=5 November 2007|website=DNA India}}</ref> According to DNA, a dozen 40-member special action squads had been formed, each of which is under two joint-commanders from the Trinamool and Maoist sides.<ref name="auto4"/>

The intelligence report says, in October 2007, a group of six Maoist explosives and firearms specialists had reached Nandigram to train the activists. All six members of the group were in the most-wanted category, explosives and firearms specialists, with several cases of murder against them. The six-member team includes wanted Maoists like Ranjit Pal, Gauranga Chakraborty and Sangita Pal, who have multiple murder cases and wanted for many insurgency activities in the districts of West Midnapore, Bankura and Purulia.<ref name="auto7"/>
Those Maoists guerrillas were supplying arms and ammunition with minimum cost to BUPC, which includes AK47 rifles, Stengun, self loading rifles (SLRs) over 60 mortars of various ranges, high range mortars, landmines and most importantly detonator-connected high intensity explosive Neogel 90.<ref name="auto7"/><ref name="auto3"/> In a mid-night three hours operation Maoists triggered off improvised explosive devices (IED) and set on fire CPI(M) panchayat office in Baita village neighbouring Nandigram in West Midnapore.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-state-govt-feels-the-heat-1134453|title=State govt feels the heat|first=Ajoy K.|last=Das|date=21 November 2007|website=DNA India}}</ref> In Bhangabera house of a CPI(M) worker was fired after he was killed.<ref name="auto5">{{Cite web|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-cpi-m-leaders-visit-nandigram-1135830|title=CPI-M leaders visit Nandigram|date=27 November 2007|website=DNA India}}</ref> CPI(M) accused over 1500 CPI(M) families compelled to leave their homes, are unable to get back to Nandigram.<ref name="auto6"/> People in Hazrakata complained about the Maoist presence in their areas. Maoist posters threatening CPI(M) leaders were found in the village recently.<ref name="auto5"/>

As per a report submitted by the IB to the home department, a team of around eight most-wanted Maoist guerrillas had re-entered Nandigram in February 2008 to resurrect the terror and bloodshed. The team was led by a heavyweight leader of the CPI (Maoist), known as Narayan in guerrilla circles, then acting WB state secretary of the CPI (Maoist), after Himadri Sen Roy alias Somen was captured by West Bengal CID. The gang blocked and damaged many connecting roads to Nandigram. That time, the then Chief minister of West Bengal was to visite Nandigram. The re-entry of the Maoists created by fresh incidence of violence.<ref name="auto1"/>
The IB added that Narayan was organising locals in Nandigram, to strengthen his own position in the party and to spread maximum propaganda, by protesting Somen’s arrest.<ref name="auto1"/>

On 9 December 2014, CPI (Maoists), Dandakaranya Special Zonal Committee, Maharashtra division released a
two page pamphlet, where they confirmed that they were active during the Singur and Nandigram protests and openly claimed credit it terming as "revolutionary people’s agitation".<ref name="auto2">{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/mumbai/maoists-claim-credit-for-singur-nandigram/story-uCBRsd19P7uEHzrHimhCcL.html|title=Maoists claim credit for Singur, Nandigram|date=27 December 2009|website=Hindustan Times}}</ref>

==Leaders==
In March 2008, West Bengal CID arrested then state secretary of CPI (Maoist) Himadri Sen Roy alias Somen from a suburban railway station in [[North 24 Parganas district]]. After that, Narayan, who was slated to be the next acting state secretary of the CPI(Maoist), was wanted and searched both by West Bengal and Jharkhand for his involvement in various Naxal insurgency activities.<ref name="auto1"/>

Ranjit Pal, a frontline Maoist commander, and his wife Jharna Giri, who surrendered in 2017 said, that they operated Nandigram during 2007 violence. According to the Police, after Maoist leader Kishanji was shot in an encounter, Ranjit Pal was running the Maoist activities in the area by recruiting and strengthening the Maoist cadre in the area.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/maoist-couple-who-operated-in-nandigram-in-2007-surrenders-in-brand-new-uniforms-1652813|title=Maoist Couple Who Operated In Nandigram In 2007 Surrenders In Brand New Uniforms|website=NDTV.com}}</ref>

One of the most wanted and top Maoist leader was Venkatesh Reddy namely Deepak, who was a close associate of CPI(Maoist) polit bureau member Kishanji and also a member of the Maoist Central Military Commission. He focused for Nandigram, Khejuri and Kolkata for last three to four years. He was active in West Bengal for the last 10 years and surrounding areas of the city for about 15 years now. Reddy was accused to be connected with several incidents of killing of security personnel and political rivals as well as arson in the Paschim Medinipur, during the protests.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/Arrested-Maoist-leader-focussed-on-Nandigram-and-Kolkata-say-police/article16475164.ece|title=Arrested Maoist leader focussed on Nandigram and Kolkata, say police|first=Raktima|last=Bose|newspaper=The Hindu|date=4 March 2010|via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref> He was arrested in 2010 by West Bengal CID accused of several cases of murder, waging war against the country and under the Arms Act.<ref name="auto8"/>

Madhusudan Mondal, who was the Maoist zonal committee secretary<ref name="auto9"/> and a close associate of Maoist leader Reddy, who was arrested by the CID on 2 March. According to CID sources, Madhusudan Mondal was instrumental in organising the outfit's base on the city outskirts as well as arrange for funds, he was also main accused of the murder of TMC leader Nishikanta Mondal at Nandigram. Siddhartha Mondal, Sachin Ghoshal, Sanjay Mondal and Rajesh Mondal were other accused, arrested by Police under the Unlawful Activities Prevention Act, 1967.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/Maoist-leader-four-activists-arrested/article16272253.ece|title=Maoist leader, four activists arrested|first=Raktima|last=Bose|newspaper=The Hindu|date=30 June 2010|via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref>

==Alleged TMC-Maoist links==
CPI (Maoist) released a single-page statement dated 31 December 2010, where they claimed that there was a "movement-oriented alliance with Trinamool Congress" and [[Mamata Banerjee]] was in telephonic contact with the Maoists at that time, for both Singur and Nandigram protests.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/maoists-admit-link-with-trinamool/story-y6KWzjiSFuvjwtDqxaknaJ.html|title=Maoists admit link with Trinamool|date=5 January 2011|website=Hindustan Times}}</ref> They also said that they wanted to maintain and strengthen relationship with Banerjee. However, TMC denied those charges, alleging that the statement was planted by CPI(M) to malign their party.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/national/maoists-in-alliance-with-tmc-122028.html|title=Maoists in 'alliance' with TMC|date=6 January 2011|website=Deccan Herald}}</ref>

In the 2014 pamphlet, CPI (Maoist) claimed that then Union Railway Minister and Trinamool Congress leader Mamata Banerjee had planned the violent agitations in Singur and Nandigram with help from the Maoists. The Trinamool Congress has, so far, denied this.<ref name="auto2"/>

According to an intelligence officer, few local TMC leaders approached Maoists of [[Jharkhand]] and [[Andhra Pradesh]] to fight a proxy battle for them against CPI(M)'s armed goons. TMC rubbished those claims, stating that they had no need to seek help from Maoist-Naxalites of other states and their political rivals were blaming them "only to justify their planned violence."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-crpf-caught-in-the-middle-of-war-zone-1134713|title=CRPF caught in the middle of war zone|first=Anupam|last=Dasgupta|date=22 November 2007|website=DNA India}}</ref>
In 2010, the then minister [[Sisir Adhikari]] was accused of giving money to a Bangladeshi arms dealer to supply arms to BUPC activists to fight CPI(M) cadres. After some days West Bengal police's CID claimed that the then TMC MP [[Suvendu Adhikari]] was supplying arms to Maoists for countering CPI(M) during the Nandigram violence in 2007. Suvendu was accused of supplying over 1,000 rounds of ammunition to the guerillas. Madhusudan Mondal, the Maoist zonal committee secretary at Nandigram, also confessed that Suvendu had supplied arms to the rebels.<ref name="auto9"/>

==See also==
*[[Naxalite–Maoist insurgency]]
*[[Nandigram violence]]
*[[Communist Party of India (Maoist)]]
*[[All India Trinamool Congress]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Communist Party of India (Maoist)]]
[[Category:Maoism in India]]
[[Category:Naxalite–Maoist insurgency]]

Catholicate Aramana Chapel

2026-03-26T06:41:37Z

FaustinoRicks4: started a pg

{{Short description|Church in Kerala, India}}
[[File:Catholicate Aramana.jpg|thumb]]
The '''Catholicate Aramana Chapel''' in [[Kottayam]], [[Kerala]], India, is the personal chapel of the Catholicos, located at the ''Catholicate Aramana'' which is the headquarters of the [[Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church]] and residence of the [[Catholicos of the East and Malankara Metropolitan]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Catholicate Palace - Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church in the city Kottayam|url=https://in.worldorgs.com/catalog/kottayam/performing-arts-theater/catholicate-palace-malankara-orthodox-syrian-church|access-date=2021-10-19|website=in.worldorgs.com}}</ref>

Many previous catholicoi including [[Paulose II (Indian Orthodox Church)]] are entombed there.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-07-12|title=Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church head passes away|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/national/south/malankara-orthodox-syrian-church-head-passes-away-1007904.html|access-date=2021-10-19|website=Deccan Herald|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=July 13, 2021|title=Catholicos to be laid to rest at Devalokam today|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kochi/catholicos-to-be-laid-to-rest-at-devalokam-today/articleshow/84357388.cms|access-date=2021-10-19|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref>

== Leaders interred ==
#[[Baselios Geevarghese II]]
#[[Baselios Augen I]]
#[[Baselios Marthoma Mathews I]]
#[[Baselios Marthoma Paulose II]]

== Relics ==
[[Thomas the Apostle|Relics of St. Thomas]]

== References ==
<references />

{{coord|9|34|37|N|76|32|34|E|type:landmark_region:IN|display=title}}

[[category:Churches in Kerala]]
[[Category:Malankara Orthodox Syrian church buildings]]

{{India-church-stub}}
{{Malankara-Orthodox-Syrian-struct-stub}}

Ramanujan IT City

2026-03-23T14:41:55Z

FaustinoRicks4: created new place!

{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2018}}
{{coord |12|59|27|N|80|14|49|E|type:landmark_region:IN-TN|display=title}}
{{Infobox building
| name = Ramanujan IT City (TRIL)
| native_name =
| image = Ramanujan IT park, Chennai.jpg
| image_size = 250px
| caption =
| alternate_names =
| location = [[Taramani]], [[Chennai]], [[India]]
| address = Rajiv Gandhi Salai, Taramani, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600 113, India
| coordinates =
| highest_prev =
| highest_next =
| construction_start_date =
| completion_date =
| inauguration_date =
| building_type = Information Technology Park
| antenna_spire =
| roof = {{convert|60|m|abbr=on}}<ref name="LeightonToBuildNewITPark"/>
| top_floor = 12
| floor_count = 13
| elevator_count =
| architectural_style =
| cost = US$230 million<ref>{{cite news
| last =
| first =
| title = Leighton to deliver $230 million Ramanujan IT Park in Chennai
| newspaper =
| location =
| pages =
| language =
| publisher = World Construction Network
| date = 6 July 2009
| url = http://www.worldconstructionnetwork.com/news/leighton_to_deliver_230_million_ramanujan_it_park_in_chennai_090707/
| accessdate = 1 Sep 2012}}</ref>
| floor_area = {{convert|4500000|sqft|m2|abbr=on}}
| architect = Skidmore, Owings and Merill (SOM) ([[New York City]], USA)
| structural_engineer =
| main_contractor = Leighton Welspun ([[Australia]])
| developer = [[TIDCO]], Tata Realty and Infrastructure Limited and Indian Hotels Company Limited
| owner =
| operator =
| references =
}}
[[File:Ramanujan IT City.jpg|thumb|Ramanujan IT park, Chennai]]
'''Ramanujan IT City''' is an [[information technology]] (IT) [[special economic zone]] (SEZ) situated in [[Chennai]], [[India]]. Named after the Indian Mathematician [[Srinivasa Ramanujan]], it is a joint venture of [[Tata Realty and Infrastructure Limited]] (TRIL), [[Indian Hotels Company Limited]] (IHCL) and [[Tamil Nadu Industrial Development Corporation]] (TIDCO). Situated next to the [[Tidel Park]], it is being developed in a land measuring 25 acres with two zones with a total built-up area of 5.7 million sq ft.<ref name="LeightonToBuildNewITPark">{{cite news
| last =
| first =
| title = Leighton to build new IT park in Chennai, India
| newspaper = International Business Times
| location =
| pages =
| language =
| publisher = IBTimes
| date = 6 July 2009
| url = http://au.ibtimes.com/articles/20090706/leighton-build-park-chennai-india.htm
| accessdate = 1 Sep 2012}}</ref> including 4.5 million sq ft of office space.

==History==
{{update|date=September 2012}}
The initial works comprising demolition of existing buildings, site clearing and commencement of bulk excavation and piling works began in December 2008 by Leighton India. Construction on the new building structure commenced in June 2009.<ref name="LeightonToBuildNewITPark"/>

==The project==
The project is located on a 25-acre site situated along the [[Old Mahabalipuram Road|Old Mamallapuram Road]] opposite the [[Thiruvanmiyur (Chennai MRTS)|Thiruvanmiyur MRTS Railway Station]], north of the Taramani IT corridor where the majority of the city's IT sector is housed. The project is being developed at a cost of {{INR}} 35,000 million<ref>{{cite news
| last =
| first =
| title = TRIL to launch project in Chennai
| newspaper = The Indian Express
| location = Chennai
| pages =
| language =
| publisher = The Indian Express
| date = 22 December 2009
| url = http://www.indianexpress.com/news/briefly-business/557470/0
| accessdate = 1 Sep 2012}}</ref> within a special economic zone and comprises two distinct elements, namely, a processing zone and a non-processing zone.

;Processing zone
The processing zone is the IT portion of the development consisting of four office buildings of approximately 60 m in height. The buildings are arranged around central courtyards located at ground and at the podium level. The courtyards serve as the centre of activity for the IT complex, providing links between the various amenity functions.

The buildings are being built in 6 blocks with five levels of car parking, including three levels of basement car parking along with additional multi-level car parking, and 13 floors, with a total area of 4.5 million sq ft. The towers are named Hardy Tower, Carr Tower, Neville Tower, Cambridge Tower and Littlewood Tower, in the memories of [[G. H. Hardy]], [[G. S. Carr]], [[Eric Harold Neville]] and [[John Edensor Littlewood]] respectively. The project has obtained Green Building certification (as per LEED Gold Guidelines—Pre-certified) and IMS certification. Utility buildings are also being constructed to support the IT facilities. The buildings have 8-m-high entrance lobbies, and each floor has floor-plates ranging from 50,000 sq ft to 100,000 sq ft in various blocks, with a floor-to-floor height of 3.75 m.

;Non-processing zone
The non-processing zone consists of a mixed-use development consisting of a convention centre, retail, residential, hospitality and entertainment facilities along with below-ground car parking.

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://www.intellion.in/commercial-projects/chennai/park Official homepage]
*[http://leightonwelspun.com/project/3/ramanujan_it_park Project page of Leighton Welspun]
*[http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/features/investment-world/article2932502.ece SEZ deadline spurs space demand]

{{Chennai Topics}}
{{High-technology business districts in Chennai}}

[[Category:Information technology industry of Chennai]]
[[Category:Office highrises in Chennai]]

Kuldeep Pai

2026-03-15T00:44:28Z

FaustinoRicks4: made a data

{{Short description|Indian musician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2018}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Kuldeep M. Pai
| image = Kuldeep Pai.jpg
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1982|01|09|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Thammanam]], [[Kochin]], [[Kerala]], [[India]]
| occupation = Musician Composer Carnatic music vocalist Music producer [[YouTube personality]]
| spouse = Roopa Revathi
| website = http://kuldeepmpai.com/
}}
'''Kuldeep Muralidhar Pai''' (born 9 January 1982), best known as '''Kuldeep M Pai''', is an Indian musician, composer, [[Carnatic music]] vocalist, and [[music producer]].
His videos are mainly performed by children and are released under his own recording label, [[Chith Studios]].

== Early life and education ==
Pai was born in the [[Thammanam]] neighborhood in the heart of [[Kochi]] city in [[Kerala]] state to V. S. Vijayakumari and G. Muralidhar Pai. His mother tongue is [[Konkani language|Konkani]].<ref name="FirstPost"/> He has a younger sister.

Pai completed his schooling in St. Jude's school, CCPLM Anglo Indian High School and [[Pre-university course]] (PUC) at Cochin College, Kerala. He graduated with a bachelor's degree in Computer Applications in [[BPC College Piravom]], Kochi. He won the 'Kala Pratibha' Award in the Mahatma Gandhi University Youth Festival in 1999.

He was a gold medalist in Masters of Indian Classical Music at [[University of Madras]] and also holds a Diploma in [[Audio engineer|Sound Engineering]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Nambudiri |first=Sudha |date=19 August 2007 |title= Kuldeeply Passionate |work=Indian Express CityExpress Kochi}}</ref>

He was formally trained by N. P. Ramaswamy, Antony and [[O.S.Thyagarajan|O. S. Thiagarajan]] in [[Carnatic music|Carnatic]] vocals;<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/wide-repertoire/article2273472.ece|title=Wide repertoire|date=24 August 2007|work=The Hindu|access-date=2018-02-21|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.kutcheribuzz.com/news/general/2356-adviteeya-a-unique-album-released|title=Adviteeya, a unique album released}}</ref> Hariharan in Violin and Ramamurthy in Western Classical [[Piano]]. He learned [[Mridangam]] from four masters: Dennis, Vaikom S. Gopakumar, Kalamandalam Krishnankutty, and [[Mannargudi Easwaran]]. He is a self-taught<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/Plethora-of-swaras/article15397238.ece|title=Plethora of swaras|date=18 January 2008|work=The Hindu|access-date=2018-02-21|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> player of [[harmonium]] and [[flute]].

== Career ==
In 2002, Pai moved from Kochi to [[Chennai]] along with his family, to begin his career. His voice was praised by P. Vijayambika,<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/music/with-consummate-ease/article2973838.ece|title=With consummate ease|last=Vijayambika|first=P.|date=8 March 2012|work=The Hindu|access-date=2018-01-18|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> though T. T. Narendran said of one concert that "the image of the raga eluded him".<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/chennai-margazhi-season/kuldeep-pai-hits-and-misses/article6745385.ece|title=Hits and misses|last=Narendran|first=T. T.|date=1 January 2015|work=The Hindu|access-date=2018-01-18|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

He established a career as a singer of [[Carnatic music]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/music/Creative-but-not-overdone/article15605534.ece|title=Creative but not overdone|last=Sivakumar|first=S.|date=23 December 2010|work=The Hindu|access-date=2018-01-18|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/music/Commendable-effort/article16855727.ece|title=Commendable effort|last=Venkatraman|first=Lakshmi|date=25 December 2009|work=The Hindu|access-date=2018-01-18|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-editorialfeatures/scoring-as-a-team/article2719007.ece|title=Scoring as a team|last=Krishnaswamy|first=Uma|date=16 December 2011|work=The Hindu|access-date=2018-02-21|last2=Krishnaswamy|first2=Uma|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> He has accompanied the singers O. S. Arun, [[S. Janaki]], and [[Vani Jairam]] on harmonium for nearly 300 concerts since 2014. He has also sung for [[Indian classical dance]] performances<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/onus-is-on-the-dancer-too/article6811547.ece|title=Onus is on the dancer too|last=Nathan|first=Archana|date=22 January 2015|work=The Hindu|access-date=2018-01-18|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> for almost eleven years. He has also provided vocal support for few Indian [[jingle]]s. From 2015, he began performing online.

Pai is an [[Avadhanam|Ashtavadhani]],<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/aesthetic-blend-of-diction-and-bhava/article3231564.ece|title=Aesthetic blend of diction and bhava|date=1 December 2006|work=The Hindu|access-date=2018-01-18|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> His album ''Adviteeya'' is an experimental album in Carnatic genre<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://www.kutcheribuzz.com/news/general/2356-adviteeya-a-unique-album-released|title=Adviteeya}}</ref> where he has sung to his own live accompaniments of [[violin]], [[mridangam]], [[ghatam]], [[kanjira]], [[tabla]], harmonium and [[melodica]]. This album was released by his guru [[O. S. Thyagarajan]] on 22 November 2006 in Chennai,<ref name=":0" /> and singer [[S. Janaki]] received the first copy.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.kutcheribuzz.com/news/general/2356-adviteeya-a-unique-album-released|title=Adviteeya- a unique album released}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Ramdev|first=Darshana|date=2018-10-06|title=Rhythm divine: The 12-year-old whose bhajans broke the internet|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/lifestyle/viral-and-trending/061018/rhythm-divine-the-12-year-old-whose-bhajans-broke-the-internet.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181006025147/https://deccanchronicle.com/lifestyle/viral-and-trending/061018/rhythm-divine-the-12-year-old-whose-bhajans-broke-the-internet.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=6 October 2018|access-date=2020-11-20|website=Deccan Chronicle|language=en}}</ref>

=== Music direction and composition ===
Pai has composed and rendered four songs for a [[Switzerland]]-based multi-lingual movie titled “Madly in Love.”<ref name="Sharanya">{{cite web |last1=Sharanya |first1=Bharathwaj |title=Degree Kaapi with Kuldeep M Pai {{!}} |url=https://www.britishsouthindians.co.uk/degree-kaapi-with-kuldeep-m-pai/ |website=www.britishsouthindians.co.uk |access-date=20 January 2021 |archive-date=23 February 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180223105841/http://www.britishsouthindians.co.uk/degree-kaapi-with-kuldeep-m-pai/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> He has composed music for dance dramas like “ Janani Jagath Karani” and “Sri Krishna Vaibhavam” produced by [[Sridevi Nrithyalaya|Sri Devi Nrithyalaya]]. He has also had famous songs like Paluke Bangaramayena, Vaishnav Janato, Pibare Rama Rasam, Brahmamokate, Shivashtakam, Mahalakshmi Ashtakam & Ram Govind Hare sung by a young musical artist [[Rahul Vellal]]<ref name="FirstPost">{{Cite web|date=2018-08-20|title=Kuldeep Pai, the Carnatic musician who found an audience on YouTube, talks spirituality, struggles and students |url=https://www.firstpost.com/living/kuldeep-pai-the-carnatic-musician-who-found-an-audience-on-youtube-talks-spirituality-struggles-and-students-4991221.html|access-date=2020-11-20|website=Firstpost}}</ref> and [[stotra]]s for his YouTube spiritual music series, 'Vande Guru Paramparaam', including Ganesha Pancharatnam, Shivashtakam, Namo Namo Bharathambe, Shiva Panchaakshara Stotram, Mahalakshmi Ashtakam, Ashtalakshmi Stotram, Bhavani Ashtakam, Rama Ashtakam and other devotional songs. He is currently pursuing training in [[Western Classical music]]. He also has many Sanskrit songs including Ashtakam composed by Adiguru [[Shankaracharya]] etc.

== Awards and recognition ==
In 2008, Pai received the D. K. Pattammal award of excellence from Karthik Fine Arts.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/ldquoChennai-sabhas-need-fool-proof-security-systemrdquo/article15353154.ece|title="Chennai sabhas need fool-proof security system"|date=2 December 2008|work=The Hindu|access-date=2018-02-19|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.kutcheribuzz.com/news/general/805-kartik-fine-arts-fest-begins|title=Kartik fine arts fest begins}}</ref> He has also received the “Yuvakalabharathi” award from Bharath Kalachar in 2007.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.kutcheribuzz.com/news/general/927-bharat-kalachar-awards-for-2007|title=YuvakalaBharathi award|last=|first=|date=|website=|access-date=}}</ref> Pai also received the 'Social Harmony Award' in the field of music, arts and culture at the International Convention of Peacemakers for Universal Harmony in [[Goa]].<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=http://icpuh.pathofdivinelife.org/ICPUH18_5th_Feb_Update.aspx|title=ICPUH18 5th Feb Update.aspx|website=icpuh.pathofdivinelife.org|access-date=2018-02-13|archive-date=11 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180211062019/http://icpuh.pathofdivinelife.org/ICPUH18_5th_Feb_Update.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Citation|last=prime media goa|title=संवसारिक शांतीदूत संम्मेलनाचो समारोप जालो|date=5 February 2018|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=45&v=yriAECY8uUA|accessdate=2018-02-13}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Bureau|first=N. T.|date=2019-11-02|title=Singers Sowmya, Kuldeep M Pai get excellence awards|url=https://newstodaynet.com/index.php/2019/11/02/singers-sowmya-kuldeep-m-pai-get-excellence-awards/|access-date=2020-11-20|website=News Today {{!}} First with the news|language=en-US}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Pai, Kuldeep}}
[[Category:Carnatic composers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian musicians]]
[[Category:1982 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Sanskrit-language singers]]

Gerald Philip Crampton

2026-03-13T04:21:36Z

FaustinoRicks4: started new pg - done

{{Infobox military person
| honorific_prefix =
| name = Gerald Philip Crampton
| honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|OBE}}
| image =
| image_upright =
| alt =
| caption =
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| birth_name =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| birth_date = 14 May 1894
| birth_place =
| disappeared_date =
| disappeared_place =
| death_date = 1983
| death_place =
| death_cause =
| placeofburial =
| placeofburial_label =
| placeofburial_coordinates = 
|allegiance = {{UK}}
|branch = {{flagicon|British Raj}} [[British Indian Army]]
| branch_label = 
| serviceyears =
| serviceyears_label =
| rank =
| rank_label =
| servicenumber =
| unit = [[Northamptonshire Regiment]] [[Royal Hampshire Regiment|Hampshire Regiment 1/4th Battalion]] [[9th Gorkha Rifles]]
| commands =
| known_for =[[Jallianwalla Bagh Massacre]] (1919)
| battles = {{Tree list}}
* [[First World War]]
** [[Gallipoli Campaign]]
** [[Mesopotamian campaign]]
* [[Second World War]]
{{Tree list/end}}
| battles_label =
| awards =
| memorials =
| alma_mater =
| spouse = 
| children =
| relations =
| laterwork =
| signature =
| signature_size =
| signature_alt =
| website = 
| module =
}}
'''Gerald Philip Crampton''' (14 May 1894-1983) was an officer in the [[British Indian Army]] attached to the [[9th Gorkha Rifles]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Choudhuri |first1=P. |title=9 Gurkha Rifles: A Regimental History, 1817-1947 |date=1984 |publisher=Vision Books |pages=105-107 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HAk7AAAAMAAJ|language=en}}</ref>

==Early life and education==
Gerald Crampton was born on 14 May 1894, to Thomas Hobbs, a physician, and Augusta.<ref name=Merchant2>{{cite book |last1=School |title=London (England) Merchant Taylors' School |date=1936 |publisher=Merchant's Taylors' Company |page=4 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BgdOAAAAMAAJ|language=en}}</ref> He was educated at [[Merchant Taylors' School, Northwood|Merchant Taylors' School]], [[Northwood, London|Northwood]], London, leaving there in 1912 before studying science at [[Downing College, Cambridge|Downing College]], [[Cambridge]].<ref name=Merchant2/><ref name=Merchant1923>{{cite book |title=Merchant Taylors' School Register, 1851-1920 |date=1923 |publisher=Merchant's Taylors' Company |page=370 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_4tBAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA370|language=en}}</ref>

==Career==
Crampton was commissioned into the [[British Indian Army]], serving with the [[Northamptonshire Regiment]], the [[Royal Hampshire Regiment|Hampshire Regiment 1/4th Battalion]], and the [[9th Gorkha Rifles]], and participated in the campaigns at [[Gallipoli Campaign|Gallipoli]] and in [[Mesopotamian campaign|Mesopotamia]].<ref name=Perkins.191>Perkins, p. 191</ref><ref name=IWM>{{cite web |title=Life story: Gerald Philip Crampton {{!}} Lives of the First World War |url=https://livesofthefirstworldwar.iwm.org.uk/lifestory/1003663|website=livesofthefirstworldwar.iwm.org.uk |access-date=3 March 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=The 9th Gurkha Rifles |date=1937 |publisher=Royal United Service Institution |page=261 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9kt507Lha0sC|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=1st Battalion, 9th Gurkha Rifles |url=https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/32002/supplement/8065/data.pdf|access-date=3 March 2026 |work=Supplement to The London Gazette |date=3 August 1920 |page=8065}}</ref>

On 10 April 1919, Crampton was passing through [[Amritsar Junction railway station|Amritsar railway station]] en route to [[Peshawar]] from [[Dehradun]] with his regiment when the station came under attack by a large crowd.<ref name=Wagner.100>Wagner, p. 100</ref><ref name=Collett.234>Collett, p. 234</ref> He was subsequently ordered to remain in Amritsar.<ref name=Wagner.100/><ref name=Collett.234/> On 13 April 1919, he was formally placed in charge of the troops at [[Jalianwalla Bagh]], acting under the direction of [[Reginald Dyer]].<ref name=Perkins.191/><ref name=Wagner.247>Wagner, p. 247</ref><ref name=Collett.259>Collett, p. 259</ref>

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

==Bibliography==
*{{cite book |last1=Collett |first1=Nigel|author-link=Nigel Collett |title=The Butcher of Amritsar: General Reginald Dyer |date=2007 |publisher=A&C Black |isbn=1-85285-575-4 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XuQC5pgzCw4C|language=en}}
*{{cite book |last1=Perkins |first1=Roger |title=The Amritsar Legacy: Golden Temple to Caxton Hall, the Story of a Killing |date=1989 |publisher=Picton |isbn=978-0-948251-44-3 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CiduAAAAMAAJ|language=en}}
*{{cite book |last1=Wagner |first1=Kim A.|author-link=Kim A. Wagner |title=Amritsar 1919: An empire of fear & the making of a massacre |date=2019 |publisher=Yale University Press |isbn=978-0-300-24546-2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bziIDwAAQBAJ|language=en}}
*{{cite book |title=Report of the Committee Appointed in the Government of India to Investigate the Disturbances in the Punjab, Etc (Hunter Inquiry) |date=1920 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5cE1AQAAMAAJ|language=en}}

{{UK-bio-stub}}

[[Category:1894 births]]
[[Category:1983 deaths]]
[[Category:British military personnel of World War I]]
[[Category:Jallianwala Bagh massacre]]
[[Category:Alumni of Downing College, Cambridge]]

Ministry of Sports and Youth Welfare (Maharashtra)

2026-03-07T18:11:20Z

FaustinoRicks4:

{{Short description|Maharashtra government ministry responsible for Sports and Youth Welfare}}
{{Infobox government agency
| native_name_a = '''मंत्रालय क्रीडा व युवक कल्याण विभाग, महाराष्ट्र शासन'''
| type = ministry
| name = Ministry of Sports and Youth Welfare [[Government of Maharashtra]]
| native_name =
| seal = File:Seal of Maharashtra.svg
| seal_width = 200
| seal_caption = [[Emblem of Maharashtra|Seal of the state of Maharashtra]]
| logo =
| logo_width =
| logo_caption =
| picture = Mantralay of Mumbai, Administrative Headquarters 03.jpg
| picture_caption = Building of Administrative Headquarters of Mumbai
| picture_width =
| jurisdiction = {{flagicon|India}} [[Maharashtra]]
| headquarters = [[Mantralaya, Mumbai|Mantralay]], [[Mumbai]]
| minister1_name = '''[[Sunetra Pawar|Sunetra Ajit Pawar]]'''
| minister1_pfo = [[Government of Maharashtra|Deputy Chief Minister and Minister of Sports and Youth Welfare]]
| deputyminister1_name = '''Vacant, TBD'''
since 29 June 2022
| deputyminister1_pfo = [[Government of Maharashtra|Minister of State]]
| child1_agency =
| child2_agency =
| website =
| formed =
| employees =
| budget =
| chief1_name = ([[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]])
| chief1_position =
| chief2_name =
| chief2_position =
| parent_department = [[Government of Maharashtra]]
}}
The '''Ministry of Sports and Youth Welfare''' is a Ministry of the [[Government of Maharashtra]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Maharashtra {{!}} Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports {{!}} Government of India |url=https://yas.nic.in/youth-affairs/maharashtra |access-date=2025-11-17 |website=yas.nic.in}}</ref>

The Ministry is headed by a [[Cabinet (government)|cabinet level]] Minister. '''[[Sunetra Pawar|Sunetra Ajit Pawar]]''' is given charge as the Deputy Chief Minister and Minister of Sports and Youth Welfare [[Government of Maharashtra]] in 31 January 2026.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bhalekar |first=Ritvick Arun |date=2025-08-01 |title=Maharashtra Agriculture Minister removed after rummy row, gets sports portfolio |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/maharashtra-minister-manikrao-kokate-caught-playing-rummy-assembly-removed-agriculture-minister-sports-2764506-2025-08-01 |access-date=2025-11-17 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>

The Ministry looks after sports and games and supports in organising and conduct of sporting activities in the state.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-10-29 |title=Pune Grand Tour cycling competition from January 19 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/more-sports/pune-grand-tour-cycling-competition-from-january-19/articleshow/124901680.cms |access-date=2025-11-17 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> It also presents annual Shiv Chhatrapati State Sports Awards to the best sportspersons in various disciplines.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Maharashtra Government Announces Shiv Chhatrapati Sports Awards, To Be Held On April 18 In Pune |url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/mumbai/maharashtra-government-announces-shiv-chhatrapati-sports-awards-to-be-held-on-april-18-in-pune |access-date=2025-11-17 |website=Free Press Journal |language=en}}</ref>

==Head office==
{{Infobox political post
| insignia = Seal of Maharashtra (1).svg
| insigniasize = 150px
| insigniacaption = [[Emblem of India]]
| department = '''Ministry of Sports and Youth Welfare (Maharashtra)'''
| style = [[The Honourable]]
| post = {{big|Minister of Sports and Youth Welfare}} '''मंत्री क्रीडा व युवक कल्याण विभाग'''
| image =
| incumbent = [[Sunetra Pawar|Sunetra Ajit Pawar]] (Deputy Chief Minister)
| member_of = State Cabinet
| reports_to = '''[[Chief Minister of Maharashtra|Chief Minister]]''', 
'''[[Maharashtra Legislature]]'''
| seat = [[Mantralaya, Mumbai]]
| appointer = '''[[Governor of Maharashtra|Governor]]''' on the advice of the '''[[Chief Minister of Maharashtra|Chief Minister]]'''
| termlength = 5 years
| inaugural = '''[[P. K. Sawant]]''' 
(1960-1962)
| precursor = '''[[Devendra Fadnavis]]''' 
(2026 - 2026)
| deputy = * '''Vacant, TBD'''
since 29 June 2022
| formation = 1 May 1960
| body =
| flag = Flag of India.svg
| flagsize = 110px
| flagcaption = [[Flag of India]]
| flagborder = yes
| website =
| abbreviation = Cabinet Minister
| incumbentsince = 31 January 2026
}}

==Cabinet Ministers==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! rowspan="2" |No.
! rowspan="2" colspan="2" |Portrait
! rowspan="2" style="width:16em" |Minister {{small|(Constituency)}}
! colspan="3" |Term of office
! rowspan="2" style="width:8em" |Political party
! rowspan="2"| Ministry
! rowspan="2" style="width:9em" |Chief Minister
|-
!style="width:6em"| From
!style="width:6em"| To
!Period
|-
!colspan="10"| Minister of Sports and Youth Welfare
|-
|01
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|
|'''[[Balasaheb Bharde|Balasaheb Shivram Bharde]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Ahmednagar South Constituency No. 224]]- [[Ahmednagar District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|01 May}} 1960
|{{small|07 March}} 1962
!{{ayd|1960|05|01|1962|03|07}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[First Yashwantrao Chavan ministry (Maharashtra)|'''Yashwantrao I''']]
|rowspan="2" |[[File:Yashwantrao Chavan 2010 stamp of India.jpg|75px]] [[Yashwantrao Chavan]]
|-
|02
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|
|'''[[P. K. Sawant]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Chiplun Assembly constituency|Chiplun Constituency No. 265]]- [[Ratnagiri District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|08 March}} 1962
|{{small|19 November}} 1962
!{{ayd|1962|03|08|1962|11|19}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[Second Yashwantrao Chavan ministry|'''Yashwantrao II''']]
|-
|03
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|
|'''D. S. Palapsagar''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Council|MLC]] for Elected by MLAs Constituency No. 19 - [[Bhandara District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Council|Legislative Council]])'''''}}
|{{small|20 November}} 1962
|{{small|24 November}} 1963
!{{ayd|1962|11|20|1963|11|24}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[Kannamwar ministry|'''Kannamwar l''']]
|[[Marotrao Kannamwar]]
|-
|04
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|
|'''[[P. K. Sawant]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Chiplun Assembly constituency|Chiplun Constituency No. 265]]- [[Ratnagiri District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}} (Interim Chief Minister)
|{{small|25 November}} 1962
|{{small|04 December}} 1963
!{{ayd|1962|11|25|1962|12|04}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[P. K. Sawant ministry|'''Sawant''']]
|[[P. K. Sawant]]
|-
|05
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|
| '''[[S. K. Wankhede]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Sawargoan Constituency No. 49]]- [[Nagpur District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|05 December}} 1963
|{{small|01 March}} 1967
!{{ayd|1963|12|05|1967|03|01}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[First Vasantrao Naik ministry|'''Vasantrao I''']]
|rowspan="6" |[[File:Vasantrao Naik portrait.jpg|75px]] [[Vasantrao Naik]]
|-
|06
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|[[File:Vasantrao Naik portrait.jpg|75px]]
|'''[[Vasantrao Naik]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Pusad Assembly constituency|Pusad Constituency No. 81]]- [[Yavatmal District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}} (Chief Minister)
|{{small|01 March}} 1967
|{{small|27 October}} 1969
!{{ayd|1967|03|01|1969|10|27}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|rowspan="2" bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[Second Vasantrao Naik ministry|'''Vasantrao II''']]
|-
|07
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|
|'''[[Homi J. H. Taleyarkhan]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Council|MLC]] for Elected by MLAs Constituency No. 22 - [[Mumbai Suburban District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Council|Legislative Council]])'''''}}
|{{small|27 October}} 1969
|{{small|13 March}} 1972
!{{ayd|1969|10|27|1972|03|13}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|08
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|
|'''[[Rafique Zakaria]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Council|MLC]] for Elected by MLAs Constituency No. 16 - [[Mumbai Suburban District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Council|Legislative Council]])'''''}}
|{{small|13 March}} 1972
|{{small|04 April}} 1973
!{{ayd|1972|03|13|1973|04|14}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|rowspan="3" bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[Third Vasantrao Naik ministry|'''Vasantrao III''']]
|-
|09
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|
|'''[[Hari Govindrao Vartak]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Bassein-Vasai Constituency No. 180]]- [[Palghar district|Palghar District]] '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|04 April}} 1973
|{{small|17 Match}} 1974
!{{ayd|1973|04|04|1974|03|17}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|10
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|
|'''Madhukar Dhanaji Chaudhari''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Raver Assembly constituency|Raver Constituency No. 11]]- [[Jalgaon District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|17 Match}} 1974
|{{small|21 February}} 1975
!{{ayd|1974|03|17|1975|02|21}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|11
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|
|'''Madhukar Dhanaji Chaudhari''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Raver Assembly constituency|Raver Constituency No. 11]]- [[Jalgaon District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|21 February}} 1975
|{{small|16 April}} 1977
!{{ayd|1975|02|21|1977|04|16}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|rowspan="1" bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[First Shankarrao Chavan ministry|'''Shankarrao I''']]
|rowspan="1"| [[File:Shankarrao Chavan 2007 stamp of India.jpg|75px]] [[Shankarrao Chavan]]
|-
|12
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|
|'''[[S. K. Wankhede]]''' (Sports) {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Sawargoan Constituency No. 49]]- [[Nagpur District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|17 April }} 1977
|{{small|07 March}} 1978
!{{ayd|1977|04|17|1979|03|07}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|rowspan="2" bgcolor="#88CEEB"|[[First Vasantdada Patil ministry|'''Vasantdada I''']]
|rowspan="3" |[[File:Vasantdada Patil (1977).jpg|75px]] [[Vasantdada Patil]]
|-
|13
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|[[File:Sharad Govindrao Pawar.jpg|75px]]
|'''[[Sharad Pawar]]''' (Youth Service) {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Baramati Assembly constituency|Baramati Constituency No. 201]]- [[Pune District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|17 April }} 1977
|{{small|07 March}} 1978
!{{ayd|1977|04|17|1979|03|07}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|14
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|[[File:Jawaharlal Darda 2022 stamp of India cr.jpg|75px]]
|'''[[Jawaharlal Darda]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Council|MLC]] for Elected by MLAs Constituency No. 19 - [[Yavatmal District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Council|Legislative Council]])'''''}}
|{{small|07 March}} 1978
|{{small|18 July}} 1978
!{{ayd|1978|03|07|1978|07|18}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| rowspan="1" bgcolor="#A3A3FF"|[[Second Vasantdada Patil ministry|'''Vasantdada II''']]
|-
|15
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Peasants and Workers Party of India}}"|
|
|'''Narayan Dnyandev Patil''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Kolhapur Constituency No. 273]]- [[Kolhapur District]] '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|18 July}} 1978
|{{small|17 February}} 1980
!{{ayd|1978|07|18|1980|02|17}}
|[[Peasants and Workers Party of India]]
|rowspan="1" bgcolor="#66FF66"| [[First Pawar ministry|'''Pawar I''']]
|rowspan="1" |[[File:The Union Minister for Agriculture and Food Processing Industries, Shri Sharad Pawar addressing at the launch of the Sahana Group’s New Marathi Channel “Jai Maharashtra”, in Mumbai on April 27, 2013 (cropped).jpg|75px]] [[Sharad Pawar]]
|-
|16
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|
|'''[[Jayant Shridhar Tilak]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Council|MLC]] for Elected by MLAs Constituency No. 02 - [[Pune District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Council|Legislative Council]])'''''}}
|{{small|09 June}} 1980
|{{small|21 January}} 1982
!{{ayd|1980|06|09|1982|01|21}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|rowspan="1" bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[Antulay ministry|'''Antulay''']]
|rowspan="1" |[[File:A. R. Antulay with Shivraj Patil (cropped).jpg|75px]] [[A. R. Antulay|Abdul Rahman Antulay]]
|-
|17
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|
|'''Sharadchandrika Suresh Patil''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Chopda Assembly constituency|Chopda Constituency No. 10]]- [[Jalgaon District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|21 January}} 1982
|{{small|02 February}} 1983
!{{ayd|1982|01|21|1983|02|02}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|rowspan="1" bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[Bhosale ministry|'''Bhosale''']]
|rowspan="1" |[[File:Babasaheb Bhosale.png|75px]] [[Babasaheb Bhosale]]
|-
|18
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|
|'''[[Sudhakarrao Naik]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Pusad Assembly constituency|Pusad Constituency No. 81]]- [[Yavatmal District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|07 February}} 1983
|{{small|05 March}} 1985
!{{ayd|1983|02|07|1985|03|05}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[Third Vasantdada Patil ministry|'''Vasantdada III''']]
|rowspan="2" |[[File:Vasantdada Patil (1977).jpg|75px]] [[Vasantdada Patil]]
|-
|19
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|[[File:Shri Sushilkumar Shinde, in New Delhi on August 06, 2009 (cropped).jpg|75px]]
|'''[[Sushilkumar Shinde]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Solapur City Central Assembly constituency|Solapur City Central Constituency No. 249]]- [[Solapur District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|12 March}} 1985
|{{small|03 June}} 1985
!{{ayd|1985|03|12|1985|06|03}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[Fourth Vasantdada Patil ministry|'''Vasantdada IV''']]
|-
|20
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
| [[File:Vijaysinh Mohite Patil 2014-05-19 00-16.jpg|75px]]
|'''[[Vijaysinh Mohite-Patil]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Malshiras Assembly constituency|Malshiras Constituency No. 254]]- [[Solapur District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|03 June}} 1985
|{{small|12 March}} 1986
!{{ayd|1985|06|03|1986|03|12}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[Nilangekar ministry|'''Nilangekar''']]
|[[Shivajirao Patil Nilangekar]]
|-
|21
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|
|'''Ram Meghe''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Daryapur Assembly constituency|Daryapur Constituency No. 40]]- [[Amravati district|Amravati District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|12 March}} 1986
|{{small|26 June}} 1988
!{{ayd|1986|03|12|1988|06|26}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|rowspan="1"bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[Second Shankarrao Chavan ministry|'''Shankarrao II''']]
|rowspan="1" |[[File:Shankarrao Chavan 2007 stamp of India (cropped).jpg|75px]] [[Shankarrao Chavan]]
|-
|22
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|[[File:Padamsinh Bajirao Patil (dr- Saheb) 2014-05-17 06-38.jpg|80px]]
|'''[[Padamsinh Bajirao Patil]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Osmanabad Assembly constituency|Osmanabad Constituency No. 242]]- [[Osmanabad District]] '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|26 June}} 1988
|{{small|03 March}} 1990
!{{ayd|1988|06|26|1990|03|03}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|rowspan="1" bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[Second Pawar ministry|'''Pawar II''']]
|rowspan="2" |[[File:Sharad Govindrao Pawar.jpg|75px]] [[Sharad Pawar]]
|-
|23
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|[[File:Vilasrao Deshmukh at Innovation Partnerships Event May 8, 2012.jpg|80px]]
|'''[[Vilasrao Deshmukh]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Latur City Assembly constituency|Latur City Constituency No. 235]]- [[Latur District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|03 March}} 1990
|{{small|25 June}} 1991
!{{ayd|1990|03|03|1991|06|25}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|rowspan="1" bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[Third Pawar ministry|'''Pawar III''']]
|-
|24
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|[[File:Shri Sushilkumar Shinde, in New Delhi on August 06, 2009 (cropped).jpg|75px]]
|'''[[Sushilkumar Shinde]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Solapur City Central Assembly constituency|Solapur City Central Constituency No. 249]]- [[Solapur District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|25 June}} 1991
|{{small|22 February}} 1993
!{{ayd|1991|06|25|1993|02|22}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|rowspan="1" bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[Sudhakarrao Naik ministry|'''Sudhakarrao''']]
|rowspan="1" | [[Sudhakarrao Naik]]
|-
|25
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Republican Party of India (Athawale)}}"|
|[[File:The Minister of State for Social Justice & Empowerment, Shri Ramdas Athawale addressing a press conference on contemporary issues in Mumbai, at Mumbai on September 22, 2016.jpg|80px]]
|'''[[Ramdas Athawale]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Council|MLC]] for Elected by MLAs Constituency No. 11 - [[Sangli District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Council|Legislative Council]])'''''}}
|{{small|06 March}} 1993
|{{small|14 March}} 1995
!{{ayd|1993|03|06|1995|03|14}}
|[[Republican Party of India (Athawale)]]
|bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[Fourth Pawar ministry|'''Pawar IV''']]
|[[File:Sharad Govindrao Pawar.jpg|75px]] [[Sharad Pawar]]
|-
|26
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Shiv Sena}}"|
|
|'''[[Babanrao Gholap]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Deolali Assembly constituency|Deolali Constituency No. 126]]- [[Pune District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|14 March}} 1995
|{{small|01 February}} 1999
!{{ayd|1995|03|14|1999|02|01}}
|[[Shiv Sena]]
|rowspan="1" bgcolor="{{party color|Shiv Sena}}"| [[Manohar Joshi ministry|'''Joshi''']]
|rowspan="1" | [[File:Manohar Joshi cropped.jpg|75px]] [[Manohar Joshi]]
|-
|27
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|
|[[File:Sudhir Mungantiwar1.png|75px]]
|'''[[Sudhir Mungantiwar]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Ballarpur Assembly constituency|Ballarpur Constituency No. 72]]- [[Chandrapur District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|01 February}} 1999
|{{small|17 October}} 1999
!{{ayd|1999|02|01|1999|10|17}}
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|rowspan="1" bgcolor="{{party color|Shiv Sena}}"| [[Narayan Rane ministry|'''Rane''']]
|rowspan="1" |[[File:Narayan Rane (cropped).jpg|75px]] [[Narayan Rane]]
|-
|28
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|
| '''[[Ramkrishna More]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Khed Constituency No. 219]]- [[Pune District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|19 October}} 1999
|{{small|16 January}} 2003
!{{ayd|1999|10|19|2003|01|16}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|rowspan="1" bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[First Deshmukh ministry|'''Deshmukh I''']]
|rowspan="1" |[[File:Vilasrao_Deshmukh_at_Innovation_Partnerships_Event_May_8,_2012.jpg|75px]] [[Vilasrao Deshmukh]]
|-
|29
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|
| '''[[Ramkrishna More]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Khed Constituency No. 219]]- [[Pune District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|18 January}} 2003
|{{small|01 November}} 2004
!{{ayd|2003|01|11|2004|11|01}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|rowspan="1" bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[Sushilkumar Shinde ministry|'''Sushilkumar''']]
|rowspan="1" |[[File:Shri Sushilkumar Shinde, in New Delhi on August 06, 2009 (cropped).jpg|75px]] [[Sushilkumar Shinde]]
|-
|30
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|[[File:Vilasrao_Deshmukh_at_Innovation_Partnerships_Event_May_8,_2012.jpg|75px]]
| '''[[Vilasrao Deshmukh]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Latur City Assembly constituency|Latur City Constituency No. 235]]- [[Latur District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}} (Chief Minister)
|{{small|01 November}} 2004
|{{small|09 November}} 2004
!{{ayd|2004|11|01|2004|11|09}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|rowspan="2" bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[Second Deshmukh ministry|'''Deshmukh II''']]
|rowspan="2" |[[File:Vilasrao_Deshmukh_at_Innovation_Partnerships_Event_May_8,_2012.jpg|75px]] [[Vilasrao Deshmukh]]
|-
|31
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|
| '''[[Vasant Purke]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Ralegaon Assembly constituency|Ralegaon Constituency No. 77]]- [[Yavatmal District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|09 November}} 2004
|{{small|01 December}} 2008
!{{ayd|2004|11|09|2008|12|01}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|32
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|
| '''[[Patangrao Kadam]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Palus-Kadegaon Assembly constituency|Palus-Kadegaon Constituency No. 285]]- [[Sangli District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|08 December}} 2008
|{{small|06 November}} 2009
!{{ayd|2008|12|08|2009|11|06}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[First Ashok Chavan ministry|'''Ashok I''']]
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Ashok Chavan With Coat.jpeg|80px]] [[Ashok Chavan]]
|-
|33
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|
| '''[[Suresh Shetty]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Andheri East Assembly constituency|Andheri East Constituency No. 166]]- [[Mumbai Suburban district]] '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|07 November}} 2009
|{{small|10 November}} 2010
!{{ayd|2009|11|07|2010|11|10}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[Second Ashok Chavan ministry|'''Ashok II''']]
|-
|34
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|[[File:rajendra_darda_wiki_profile.jpg|80px]]
| '''[[Rajendra Darda]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Aurangabad East Assembly constituency|Aurangabad East Constituency No. 109]]- [[Aurangabad district, Maharashtra|Chhatrapati Sambhaji Nagar District]] Also Previously Known [[Aurangabad district, Maharashtra|Aurangabad District]] '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|11 November}} 2010
|{{small|26 September}} 2014
!{{ayd|2010|11|11|2014|09|26}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|rowspan="1" bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[Prithviraj Chavan ministry|'''Prithviraj''']]
|rowspan="1"| [[File:Prithviraj Chavan - India Economic Summit 2011.jpg|80px]] [[Prithviraj Chavan]]
|-
|35
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|
| [[File:Vinod Tawde in 2015.jpg|80px]]
|'''[[Vinod Tawde]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Borivali Assembly constituency|Borivali Constituency No. 152]]- [[Mumbai Suburban District]] '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|31 October}} 2014
|{{small|12 June}} 2019
!{{ayd|2014|10|31|2019|06|12}}
|rowspan="1"|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|rowspan="2" bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"| [[First Fadnavis ministry|'''Fadnavis I''']]
|rowspan="3" |[[File:Eknath Shinde and Devendra Fadnavis with PM Narendra Modi Cropped(2).jpg|75px]] [[Devendra Fadnavis]]
|-
|36
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|
| [[File:Photo with Shri Devendra Fadnavis & Shri Ashish Shelar (cropped).jpg|75px]]
|'''[[Ashish Shelar]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Vandre West Assembly constituency|Vandre West Constituency No. 177]]- [[Mumbai Suburban District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|12 June}} 2019
|{{small|12 November}} 2019
!{{ayd|2019|06|12|2019|11|12}}
|rowspan="1"|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|37
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|
| [[File:Devendra Fadnavis @Vidhan Sabha 04-03-2021.jpg|75px]]
|'''[[Devendra Fadnavis]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Nagpur South West Assembly constituency|Nagpur South West Constituency No. 52]]- [[Nagpur District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}} (Chief Minister) ''(In Charge)''
|{{small|23 November}} 2019
|{{small|28 November}} 2019
!{{ayd|2019|11|23|2019|11|28}}
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|rowspan="1" bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"| [[Second Fadnavis ministry|'''Fadnavis II''']]
|-
|38
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Shiv Sena}}"|
|[[File:Subhash Desai.jpg|80px]]
|'''[[Subhash Desai]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Council|MLC]] for Elected by MLAs Constituency No. 09 - [[Mumbai Suburban District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Council|Legislative Council]])'''''}}
|{{small|28 November}} 2019
|{{small|30 December}} 2019
!{{ayd|2019|11|28|2019|12|30}}
|[[Shiv Sena]]
|rowspan="2" bgcolor="{{party color|Shiv Sena}}"| [[Thackeray ministry|'''Thackeray''']]
|rowspan="2" |[[File:The Chief Minister of Maharashtra, Shri Uddhav Thackeray calling on the Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi, in New Delhi on February 21, 2020 (Uddhav Thackeray) (cropped).jpg|75px]] [[Uddhav Thackeray]]
|-
|39
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
| [[File:Sunil Kedar.jpg|75px]]
|'''[[Sunil Chhatrapal Kedar]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Savner Assembly constituency|Savner Constituency No. 49]]- [[Nagpur District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|30 December}} 2019
|{{small|29 June}} 2022
!{{ayd|2019|12|30|2022|06|29}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|40
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}"|
| [[File:Eknath Shinde with PM Narendra Modi Cropped.jpg|75px]]
|'''[[Eknath Shinde]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Kopri-Pachpakhadi Assembly constituency|Kopri-Pachpakhadi Constituency No. 147]]- [[Thane District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}} ''(In Charge)''
|{{small|30 June}} 2022
|{{small|14 August}} 2022
!{{ayd|2022|06|30|2022|08|14}}
|[[Shiv Sena (2022–present)]]
|rowspan="3" bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"| [[Eknath Shinde ministry|'''Eknath''']]
|rowspan="3" |[[File:Eknath Shinde with PM Narendra Modi Cropped.jpg|75px]] [[Eknath Shinde]]
|-
|41
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|
| [[File:Girish Mahajan.JPG|75px]]
|'''[[Girish Mahajan]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Jamner Assembly constituency|Jamner Constituency No. 19]]- [[Jalgaon District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|14 August}} 2022
|{{small|14 July}} 2023
!{{ayd|2022|08|14|2023|07|14}}
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|42
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Nationalist Congress Party}}"|
| [[File:Shri._Sanjay_Bansode.jpg|80px]]
|'''[[Sanjay Bansode]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Udgir Assembly constituency|Udgir Constituency No. 237]]- [[Latur District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|14 July}} 2023
|{{small|26 November}} 2024
!{{ayd|2023|07|14|2024|11|26}}
|[[Nationalist Congress Party]]
|-
|43
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|
|[[File:Devendra Fadnavis @Vidhan Sabha 04-03-2021.jpg|75px]]
|'''[[Devendra Fadnavis]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Nagpur South West Assembly constituency|Nagpur South West Constituency No. 52]]- [[Nagpur District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}} (Chief_Minister) ''In Charge''
|{{small|05 December}} 2024
|{{small|21 December}} 2024
!{{ayd|2024|12|05|2024|12|21}}
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|rowspan="6" bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"| [[Third Fadnavis ministry|'''Fadnavis III''']]
|rowspan="6" |[[File:Eknath Shinde and Devendra Fadnavis with PM Narendra Modi Cropped(2).jpg|75px]] [[Devendra Fadnavis]]
|-
|44
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Nationalist Congress Party}}"|
| [[File:Dattatray Bharane.jpg|75px]]
|'''[[Dattatray Vithoba Bharne]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Indapur Assembly constituency|Indapur Constituency No. 200]]- [[Pune District]] '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|21 December}} 2024
|{{small|31 July}} 2025
!{{ayd|2024|12|21|2025|07|31}}
|[[Nationalist Congress Party]] (Ajit Pawar Group)
|-
|45
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Nationalist Congress Party}}"|
|
|'''[[Manikrao Kokate]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Sinnar Assembly constituency|Sinnar Constituency No. 120]]- [[Nashik District]] '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|31 July}} 2025
|{{small|17 December}} 2025
!{{ayd|2025|07|31|2025|12|18}}
|[[Nationalist Congress Party]]
|-
|46
|bgcolor="{{party color|Nationalist Congress Party}}"|
| [[File:Ajit Pawar.jpg|70px]]
| '''[[Ajit Pawar]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Baramati Assembly constituency|Baramati Constituency No. 201]]- [[Pune District]] '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}} (Deputy Chief Minister) Additional Charge
|{{small|17 December}} 2025
|{{small|28 January}} 2026
!{{ayd|2025|12|17|2026|01|28}}
|[[Nationalist Congress Party]]
|-
|47
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|
| [[File:Devendra Fadnavis @Vidhan Sabha 04-03-2021.jpg|75px]]
|'''[[Devendra Fadnavis]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Nagpur South West Assembly constituency|Nagpur South West Constituency No. 52]]- [[Nagpur District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}} (Chief Minister) Additional Charge
|{{small|28 January}} 2026
|{{small|31 January}} 2026
!{{ayd|2026|01|28|2026|01|31}}
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|48
|bgcolor="{{party color|Nationalist Congress Party}}"|
|
| '''[[Sunetra Pawar|Sunetra Ajit Pawar]]''' {{small|(Not Elected Any Constituency of Maharashtra Legislature- [[Pune District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]] / [[Maharashtra Legislative Council|Legislative Council]])'''''}} (Deputy Chief Minister)
|{{small|31 January}} 2026
|Incumbent
!{{ayd|2026|01|31}}
|[[Nationalist Congress Party]] (Ajit Pawar Group)
|-
|}

==Ministers of State ==

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! rowspan="2" |No.
! rowspan="2" colspan="2" |Portrait
! rowspan="2" style="width:16em" |Deputy Minister {{small|(Constituency)}}
! colspan="3" |Term of office
! rowspan="2" style="width:8em" |Political party
! rowspan="2"| Ministry
! rowspan="2" style="width:9em" |Minister
! rowspan="2" style="width:9em" |Chief Minister
|-
!style="width:6em"| From
!style="width:6em"| To
!Period
|-
!colspan="11"| Deputy Minister of Sports and Youth Welfare
|-
!colspan="04"| '''''Vacant'''''
|{{small|23 November}} 2019
|{{small|28 November}} 2019
!{{ayd|2019|11|23|2019|11|28}}
|NA
|rowspan="1" bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"| [[Second Fadnavis ministry|'''Fadnavis II''']]
|[[Devendra Fadnavis]]
|rowspan="1" |[[File:Eknath Shinde and Devendra Fadnavis with PM Narendra Modi Cropped(2).jpg|75px]] [[Devendra Fadnavis]]
|-
|01
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Nationalist Congress Party}}"|
|
|'''[[Aditi Tatkare]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Shrivardhan Assembly constituency|Shrivardhan Constituency No. 193]]- [[Raigad District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|30 December}} 2019
|{{small|29 June}} 2022
!{{ayd|2019|12|30|2022|06|29}}
|[[Nationalist Congress Party]]
|rowspan="1" bgcolor="{{party color|Shiv Sena}}"| [[Thackeray ministry|'''Thackeray''']]
| [[Sunil Chhatrapal Kedar]]
|rowspan="1" |[[File:The Chief Minister of Maharashtra, Shri Uddhav Thackeray calling on the Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi, in New Delhi on February 21, 2020 (Uddhav Thackeray) (cropped).jpg|75px]] [[Uddhav Thackeray]]
|-
!colspan="04"| '''''Vacant '''''
|{{small|30 June}} 2022
|{{small|26 November}} 2024
!{{ayd|2022|06|30|2024|11|26}}
|NA
|rowspan="1" bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"| [[Eknath Shinde ministry|'''Eknath''']]
|
*[[Eknath Shinde]] (2022 - 2022)
*[[Girish Mahajan]] (2022 - 2023)
*[[Sanjay Bansode]] (2023 – 2024)
|rowspan="1" |[[File:Eknath Shinde with PM Narendra Modi Cropped.jpg|75px]] [[Eknath Shinde]]
|-
!colspan="04"| ''''' Vacant'''''
|{{small|21 December}} 2024
|''incumbent''
!{{ayd|2024|12|21}}
|NA
|rowspan="1" bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"| [[Third Fadnavis ministry|'''Fadnavis III''']]
| rowspan="1"|
*[[Dattatray Vithoba Bharne]] (2024 – 2025)
*[[Manikrao Kokate]] (2025 – 2025)
*[[Ajit Pawar]] Additional Charge (2025 – 2026)
*[[Devendra Fadnavis]] Additional Charge (2026 – 2026)
*[[Sunetra Pawar]] (2026 – Present)
|rowspan="1" |[[File:Eknath Shinde and Devendra Fadnavis with PM Narendra Modi Cropped(2).jpg|75px]] [[Devendra Fadnavis]]
|-
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{State agencies of Maharashtra}}

[[Category:Government of Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Government ministries of Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Subnational sports ministries|Maharashtra]]

Swathi Muthu

2026-03-03T21:48:07Z

FaustinoRicks4: New.

{{short description|2003 Indian Kannada-language film by D. Rajendra Babu}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Swathi Muthu
| image = Swathi Muthu 2004.jpg
| caption = Promotional poster
| director = [[D. Rajendra Babu]]
| producer = Sarovar Sanjeev
| writer = V. Nagendra Prasad (dialogues)
| based_on = {{Based on|''[[Swati Mutyam]]''|[[K. Viswanath]]}}
| screenplay = K. Viswanath
| starring = [[Sudeep]] [[Meena (actress)|Meena]] [[Kishan Shrikanth]]
| music = [[Rajesh Ramanath]]
| cinematography = H. M. Ramachandra
| editing = Shyam Yadav
| studio = Sarovar Productions
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|2003|12|26|df=y}}
| runtime = 159 minutes
| language = Kannada
| country = India
| budget =
}}
'''''Swathi Muthu''''' ({{translation|White Pearl}}) is a 2003 Indian [[Kannada]]-language [[drama film]] directed by [[D. Rajendra Babu]] and written by [[K. Vishwanath]]. This film stars [[Sudeep]] and [[Meena (actress)|Meena]]. It is an official remake of [[Telugu language|Telugu]] film ''[[Swati Mutyam]]'' (1986).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/kannada/article/19399.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130206014130/http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/kannada/article/19399.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=6 February 2013 |title=Kamal is equal to Kamal - Kannada Movie News |work=IndiaGlitz |date=2005-12-30 |accessdate=2012-08-11}}</ref> [[Doddanna]], [[Pavitra Lokesh]] and [[Leelavathi (actress)|Leelavathi]] feature in supporting roles.<ref>{{cite web |title=Remakes in the offing |url=http://www.deccanherald.com/deccanherald/nov02/ent3.asp |website=Deccan Herald |access-date=27 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031104135230/http://www.deccanherald.com/deccanherald/nov02/ent3.asp |archive-date=4 November 2003 |date=2 November 2003 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Plot==
Shivaiah, an autistic man, lives in a village with his grandmother. All he is good at is obeying his trusted grandmother. In an attempt to do good to Lalitha, a destitute young widow with a five-year-old son, Shivaiah marries her during an auspicious village festival.

The villagers are shocked and try to harm him as his act goes against traditional societal norms. In the meantime, Shivaiah's grandmother dies. Lalitha wants to save her new husband's life and so moves with him and her son to a city in search of better prospects. With support from a few of their acquaintances, the family of three settle down.

Life for them, thereafter, looks good and promising. Lalitha begins to appreciate Shivaiah's innocence and warmth. She grows closer to him and eventually bears him a son. Years pass, the children grow up, and then Lalitha breathes her last. Shivaiah lives with her memories for a long time. At the end, he is seen leaving his old house in the company of his children and grandchildren, carrying with him a [[tulsi]] plant which symbolizes his memories of Lalitha.

==Cast==
{{cast listing|
* [[Sudeep]] as Shivaiah
* [[Meena (actress)|Meena]] as Lalitha
* [[Kishan Shrikanth]] as Krishnamurthy
* [[Leelavathi (actress)|Leelavathi]]
* Bharath Bhagavathar
* [[Sanketh Kashi]]
* [[Pavithra Lokesh]]
* [[B. V. Radha]]
* Pruthviraj
* [[M. S. Umesh]]
* [[Doddanna]]
* [[Bank Janardhan]]
* [[Sadashiva Brahmavar]]
* [[Ramakrishna (Kannada actor)|Ramakrishna]]
* [[Lokanath]]
* [[Mandeep Roy]]
* [[Pramila Joshai]]
* [[Sarigama Viji]]
* Saroja Srishaila
}}

==Soundtrack==

{{Infobox album
| name = Swathi Muthu
| type = soundtrack
| artist = [[Rajesh Ramanath]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = <div style="white-space: nowrap;"> 2003</div>
| recorded =
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Film soundtrack|Feature film soundtrack]]
| length =
| language = Kannada
| label = Ashwini audio
| producer = Rajesh Ramnath
| prev_title =
| prev_year =
| next_title =
| next_year =
| misc = {{External media
| audio1 = {{YouTube|DxZbm_hURMU|Official Audio Jukebox}}
}}
}}

The soundtrack was composed by Rajesh Ramanath which has been reused from the original songs composed by Ilaiyaraaja.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.in.com/music/playlist/swathi-muthu-844281.html |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130126080634/http://www.in.com/music/playlist/swathi-muthu-844281.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=2013-01-26 |title=Swathi Muthu Songs, Swathi Muthu Albums, Play Free Online Swathi Muthu Songs, MP3, Music, Playlist |publisher=In.com |date=2009-11-03 |accessdate=2012-08-11}}</ref>
{|class="wikitable"
|-
! Sl No. !! Song title !! Singer(s) !! Lyrics
|-
| 1 || "Sri Chakradharige" || [[K. S. Chitra]] || [[V. Nagendra Prasad]]
|-
| 2 || "Maangalya" || K. S. Chitra || V. Nagendra Prasad
|-
| 3 || "Andada Chandada" || [[Rajesh Krishnan]], [[Nanditha (singer)|Nanditha]]|| V. Nagendra Prasad
|-
| 4 || "Malagiruva" || [[K. J. Yesudas]], K. S. Chitra || V. Nagendra Prasad
|-
| 5 || "Amma Dharma" || [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], K. S. Chitra|| V. Nagendra Prasad
|-
| 6 || "Laali" || Rajesh Krishnan, K. S. Chitra || V. Nagendra Prasad
|-
| 7 || "Manasu Bareda" ||Rajesh Krishnan, K. S. Chitra || V. Nagendra Prasad
|-
| 8 || "Suvvi Suvvi" || Rajesh Krishnan, K. S. Chitra || V. Nagendra Prasad
|}

== Reception ==
A critic from ''[[Deccan Herald]]'' wrote that "Remake of the Telugu hit ‘Swati Muthyam’; ‘Swati Muthu’ manages to retain the same charm and lovable simplicity of the original".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://archive.deccanherald.com/Deccanherald/dec28/mr3.asp |title=Swathi Muthu - Deccan Herald |publisher=Archive.deccanherald.com |date=2003-12-28 |accessdate=2012-08-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304203831/http://archive.deccanherald.com/Deccanherald/dec28/mr3.asp|archive-date=4 March 2016}}</ref> A critic from ''[[Chitraloka.com]]'' called the film "a must see film".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.chitraloka.com/movie-reviews/2858-swathimuthu-review.html|title=SWATHIMUTHU MOVIE REVIEW|date=27 December 2003|work=Chitraloka|access-date=26 July 2022|archive-date=5 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230905005603/https://www.chitraloka.com/movie-reviews/2858-swathimuthu-review.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Awards==

*'''[[Filmfare Awards South]]''' - [[Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Kannada|Best Actor - Kannada]] for [[Sudeep]]<ref name="Filmfare Awards South 2003"/> & [[Filmfare Award for Best Actress – Kannada|Best Actress - Kannada]] for [[Meena (actress)|Meena]]<ref name="Filmfare Awards South 2003">Filmfare Awards South 2003:
* {{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news-interviews/51st-Annual-Manikchand-Filmfare-Award-winners/articleshow/718496.cms|title=51st Annual Manikchand Filmfare Award winners|publisher=timesofindia.indiatimes.com|date=4 June 2004 |access-date=12 June 2014|archive-date=5 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230905005623/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/51st-annual-manikchand-filmfare-award-winners/articleshow/718496.cms|url-status=live}}
* {{cite web|url=http://www.chitraloka.com/awards/2917-film-fare-awards-2004-sudeep-on-a-hattrick.html|title=Film Fare Awards 2004 – Sudeep On A Hattrick|publisher=chitraloka.com|date=5 June 2004 |access-date=12 June 2014|archive-date=5 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230905005610/https://www.chitraloka.com/awards/2917-film-fare-awards-2004-sudeep-on-a-hattrick.html|url-status=live}}
* {{cite web|url=http://www.viggy.com/english/current_filmfare_award_2003.asp|title=Sudeep gets Best Actor Award|publisher=viggy.com|access-date=12 June 2014|archive-date=5 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230905010634/http://www.viggy.com/english/current_filmfare_award_2003.asp|url-status=live}}
* {{cite web | url=http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/tamil/article/9366.html | title=Pithamagan sweeps FilmFare Awards | work=indiaglitz.com | date=5 June 2004 | accessdate=5 June 2004 | archive-date=2 November 2013 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131102112834/http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/tamil/article/9366.html | url-status=live }}</ref>

*'''Film Fan's Association Awards''' - Best Actor - Kannada - Sudeep<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/mp/2004/09/06/stories/2004090600980200.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714215347/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/mp/2004/09/06/stories/2004090600980200.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=14 July 2014|work=[[The Hindu]]|title=Award for Sudeep|date=6 September 2004}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sify.com/movies/kannada/interview.php?id=13964920&cid=2404|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140716133140/http://www.sify.com/movies/kannada/interview.php?id=13964920&cid=2404|url-status=dead|archive-date=2014-07-16|title="I produce good cinema" : Sudeep|website=[[Sify]]}}</ref>

*'''Hello Gandhinagara Awards''' - Special Award - Sudeep<ref>Hello Gandhinagara Awards:
* {{cite web|url=http://www.viggy.com/english/current_hello_gandhinagar_award.asp|title=Hello Gandhinagar readers choice cine awards|publisher=viggy.com|access-date=13 June 2014|archive-date=5 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230905011147/http://www.viggy.com/english/current_hello_gandhinagar_award.asp|url-status=live}}
* {{cite web|url=http://www.chitraloka.com/awards/2918-hello-gandhinagara-awards-2004.html|title=Hello Gandhinagara Awards 2004|publisher=chitraloka.com|date=21 February 2004 |access-date=16 May 2014|archive-date=5 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230905011210/https://www.chitraloka.com/awards/2918-hello-gandhinagara-awards-2004.html|url-status=live}}
* {{cite web|url=http://www.sify.com/legal/fullstory.php?id=13438858|title=Hello Gandhinagar Awards|website=[[Sify]]|date=24 March 2004 |url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150823031247/http://www.sify.com/legal/fullstory.php?id=13438858|archivedate=23 August 2015|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|2923282|Swathi Muthu}}
* [http://archive.deccanherald.com/Deccanherald/dec28/mr3.asp]
* [https://archive.today/20130126080634/http://www.in.com/music/playlist/swathi-muthu-844281.html]
{{D. Rajendra Babu}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Swathi Muthu}}
[[Category:2003 films]]
[[Category:2003 Kannada-language films]]
[[Category:Films scored by V. Ravichandran]]
[[Category:Kannada remakes of Telugu films]]
[[Category:Indian drama films]]
[[Category:Films about autism]]
[[Category:Films about widowhood in India]]
[[Category:Films directed by D. Rajendra Babu]]
[[Category:2003 drama films]]

Devadasu Malli Puttadu

2026-03-03T20:23:12Z

FaustinoRicks4: Improved article clarity and structure

{{For|other films titled ''Devadasu''|Devadasu (disambiguation){{!}}Devadasu}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2017}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Devadasu Malli Puttadu
| image = Devadasu Malli Puttadu.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| writer = Dasari Narayana Rao
| producer = Srinivasulu Pandurangappa
| director = [[Dasari Narayana Rao]]
| starring = [[Akkineni Nageswara Rao]] [[Savitri (actress)|Savitri]] [[Vanisri]]
| music = [[S. Rajeswara Rao]]
| cinematography = K. S. Mani
| editing = K. Babu
| studio = Devi Art Productions
| released = {{Film date|df=y|1978||}}
| runtime = 151 minutes
| country = India
| language = Telugu
| budget =
| gross =
}}

'''''Devadasu Malli Puttadu''''' ({{translation|Devadasu is reborn}}) is a 1978 Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[drama (film and television)|drama film]] written and directed by [[Dasari Narayana Rao]]. It stars [[Akkineni Nageswara Rao]] and [[Vanisri]], with music composed by [[S. Rajeswara Rao]]. It is produced by Srinivasulu and Pandurangappa. The film is a sequel to ''[[Devadasu (1953 film)|Devadasu]]'' (1953), with Nageswara Rao reprising his role''.''<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nadadhur |first=Srivathsan |date=Nov 16, 2022 |title=RIP Superstar Krishna: Of the star's tryst with Devadasu that left him with a bitter aftertaste |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/rip-superstar-krishna-of-the-stars-tryst-with-devadasu-that-left-him-with-a-bitter-aftertaste/ec5a673909624 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230118183358/https://www.ottplay.com/news/rip-superstar-krishna-of-the-stars-tryst-with-devadasu-that-left-him-with-a-bitter-aftertaste/ec5a673909624 |archive-date=18 January 2023 |access-date=2024-09-02 |website=[[OTTPlay]] |language=en}}</ref>

==Plot==
The film is based on the concept of [[reincarnation]]. It begins with Devadas taking his last breath in front of Parvati's residence. She rushes towards the closed door and collapses. Years roll by, and Aruna, a naughty girl, brings up her sister & brother-in-law, who have reflections every night. After a medical checkup, Aruna proclaims that a stranger is calling & taking her far away, but she can't detect him. Sridhar, a young charming & famous singer, is the son of Zamindar Sripathi Raja. He falls for their manager, Maruti Rao's daughter, Shanti. Knowing it, Sripati rebukes him when Sridhar affirms his decision to tie the knot with Shanti. Thereupon, his father shows the danger of suicide, yet Sridhar stands bolder and exits. On the move-in train, Aruna, too, fortuitously boards when she blackouts. Soon, he admits her to the hospital and proceeds.

Meanwhile, Sripati passes away out of bankruptcy, leaving full of debts. To keep up his father's honor, Sridhar conducts consorts with Shanti and strives hard. One night, Aruna inadvertently walks out and reaches a rotten structure. Viewing Devadas's photograph, she asserts it is her residence, and she is [[Chandramukhi]] a [[courtesan]] whom he pledged to conjoin in the next life. In tandem, Sridhar triumphs in his task and sets foot to splice Shanti. Tragically, an accident that ends with Shanti's death. Thus, Sridhar hits the bottle and turns into an alcoholic. At that time, Aruna attends his recital when her eccentricity hikes, identifying him, and she divulges totality to her men with evidence. The Doctors advise a distinct strategy to catch Sridhar for Aruna's survival. Ergo, they plead with him, who agrees as per humanity. Whereat, Chandramukhi makes diverse attempts to awaken the memories of Devadas but in vain. Anyhow, Sridhar quits because he does not want to hoodwink her further.

Being on a drinking spree, Sridhar falls on the pavement. Hereupon, Parvati spots and carries by recognizing him as her Devadas. Following this, she starts ministry in Sridhar, with faith that her Devadas is back to fulfill his vow, for which she is still alive. They go to their village, Ravulapalli, where Devadas revisits his history through their childhood events. Parvati states that Chandramukhi also died at his grave and was buried therein. Parvati declares that Chandramukhi must currently gain Devadas's love, and they rush to her. Till then, Aruna is in an insane state, lands at her old building, and starts dancing, offering her life. At last, Devadas & Parvati arrive and shield her. Finally, the movie ends happily with Parvati departing, uniting the turtle doves.

==Cast==
* [[Akkineni Nageswara Rao]] as Sridhar Raja/Devadasu
* [[Savitri (actress)|Savitri]] as Parvati
* [[Vanisri]] as Aruna /Chandramukhi
* [[Jaya Prada]] as Shanti
* [[Gummadi (actor)|Gummadi]] as Sripathi Raja
* [[Allu Ramalingaiah]] as Maruti Rao
* [[Mohan Babu]] as Mohan Babu
* [[M. Prabhakar Reddy]] as Aruna's brother-in-law
* [[Kanta Rao]] as Dr. T. L. K. Rao
* [[Rajanala Kaleswara Rao|Rajanala]] as Raja Ranga Raju
* [[Sowcar Janaki]] as Aruna's sister
==Music==
Music was composed by [[S. Rajeswara Rao]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Devadasu Malli Puttedu (1978)-Song_Booklet |url=https://indiancine.ma/documents/CRE/info |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240902113626/https://indiancine.ma/documents/CRE/info |archive-date=2 September 2024 |access-date=2 September 2024 |work=Indiancine.ma}}</ref>
{|class="wikitable"
|-
!Song title !!Lyrics !!Singers !!length
|-
|"Anuraagame Oka Aalayam"
|C. Narayana Reddy
|[[V. Ramakrishna]], [[P. Susheela]]
|4:33
|-
|Ajantha
|"Dasam Gopalakrishna"
|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], Vasantha
|7:46
|-
|"Evariki Evaru"
|C. Narayana Reddy
|V. Ramakrishna
|5:27
|-
|"Nadi Veedhina"
|Gopi
|V. Ramakrishna
|4:22
|-
|"Dhosita Siri Siri"
|Veturi
|V. Ramakrishna, P. Susheela
|4:46
|-
|"Dikkulu Kalise Samayam"
|[[Veturi]]
|Ramana
|5:42
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|tt0262365}}

{{Dasari Narayana Rao}}

[[Category:1978 Indian films]]
[[Category:1978 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:1978 films]]
[[Category:Films about courtesans in India]]
[[Category:Films about reincarnation]]
[[Category:Films directed by Dasari Narayana Rao]]
[[Category:Films scored by S. Rajeswara Rao]]
[[Category:Indian sequel films]]

Pellam Pichodu

2026-03-03T18:10:44Z

FaustinoRicks4: created a entry!

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2017}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Pellam Pichodu
| image = Pellam Pichodu.jpg
| caption = DVD cover
| writer = Jonnavithhula Ramalingeswara Rao
| producer = Rampalli Ramabhadra Sastry Boggaram Venkata Srinivas
| director = [[Jonnavithhula Ramalingeswara Rao]]
| starring = [[Rajendra Prasad (actor)|Rajendra Prasad]] [[Richa Pallod|Richa]] Srujana
| music = [[Rajendra Prasad (actor)|Rajendra Prasad]]
| cinematography = T. Surendra Reddy
| editing = Ramesh
| studio = Sri Gayatri Cinema
| released = {{Film date|df=y|2005|10|14}}
| runtime = 131 mins
| country = India
| language = Telugu
| budget =
| gross =
}}

'''''Pellam Pichodu''''' ({{translation}} ''Crazy of Wife'') is a 2005 [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[comedy film]], produced by Rampalli Ramabhadra Sastry, Venkata Srinivas Boggaram on banner and directed by [[Jonnavithhula Ramalingeswara Rao]]. Starring [[Rajendra Prasad (actor)|Rajendra Prasad]], [[Richa Pallod|Richa]], Srujana and music also composed by [[Rajendra Prasad (actor)|Rajendra Prasad]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.idlebrain.com/news/2000march20/news254.html|title=Richa with Rajendra Prasad|work=[[Idlebrain.com]]|date=28 November 2004}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nowrunning.com/movie/3318/telugu/pellam-pichodu/807/review.htm|title=Pellam Pichodu Review |work=Now Running.com|date=8 August 2006 }}</ref>

==Plot==
The film begins with a high-minded husband, Srinivas / Srinu, who immensely loves his wife Madhavi and lives up to her dreams in seconds. They set foot into a colony where three couples, Murali Krishna-Lakshmi, Raghu-Parvati, & Kitta Govindam-Saraswati, share the same compound. The three are wayward husbands who conduct profligacy and boozing, which endure the wives' agony. Due to Srinu, the remaining wives blame their husbands, which irks them, and attempt to divert him but in vain. Srinu is self-reliant. Though he works in a chit-fund company, he opened his agency, of which his wife is unaware. Indeed, to impress & possess Madhavi, Srinu builds a fort of lies because she wants to knit an orphan as per her sibling's life, so he forges. The three wayward expose his secrets before Madhavi by bringing Srinu's parents. Further, he becomes unemployed, and his business goes bankrupt because of his subordinates' backstabbing, which throws him into colossal debt.

Thus, a rift arises between the couple, and Srinu gains Madhavi's resentment. Amidst that plight, Priya, Srinu's childhood mate, lands as an angel who aids him mentally & physically and boosts his courage. The two start a business, which is a big hit, and Srinu bails from the troubles. Anyhow, Madhavi suspects their affinity, which hikes daily, and the crack deepens, ultimately breaking the relationship. Consequently, Madhavi complains about the file to her intimate insider, bold old lady Ranganayaki, who inquires. The three families also reformed and decided to join Srinu's couple. Ranganayaki fixes her grandson Prashanth's wedlock, and Madhavi is shocked to view Priya as a bride. Ergo, she balls up when Ranganayaki makes Madhavi comprehend her husband's virtue and his clean tie with Priya. At last, Madhavi pleads pardon from Srinu, and Prasanth & Priya's nuptial takes place. Finally, the movie ends happily with Srinu again loving Madhavi passionately.

==Cast==
{{colbegin}}
*[[Rajendra Prasad (actor)|Rajendra Prasad]] as Srinivas / Srinu
*[[Richa Pallod|Richa]] as Priya
*Srujana as Madhavi
*[[Dharmavarapu Subramanyam]] as Murali Krishna
*[[Giri Babu]] as House Owner
*[[Raghu Babu]] as Raghu
*[[Rami Reddy (actor)|Rami Reddy]] as Seth Kishanlal
*[[Surya (Telugu actor)|Surya]] as Srinu's boss
*[[Satyam Rajesh]] as Kitta Govindam
*[[Siva Reddy]] as Srinu's friend
*[[J. V. Ramana Murthi|Ramana Murthy]] as Srinivas' father
*[[Vizag Prasad]] as Madhavi's father
*[[Ananth Babu|Ananth]]
*KK Sarma as Priest
*[[Shankar Melkote]] as Priya's boss
*Gundu Sudarshan
*Junior Relangi
*[[Annapoorna (actress)|Annapurna]] as Srinu's mother
*[[Telangana Sakunthala]] as Ranganayaki
*[[Hema (actress)|Hema]] as Lakshmi
*Rajitha as Parvati
*Surekha Vani as Anchor
*Jyothi as Saraswati
*Anitha Chowdary as Manjula
*Padma Jayanthi
{{colend}}

==Soundtrack==
{{Infobox album
| name = Pellam Pichodu
| type = film
| artist = [[Rajendra Prasad (actor)|Rajendra Prasad]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = {{Film date|df=y|2005|5|10}}
| recorded = 2005
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = Soundtrack
| length = 19:02
| label =
| producer = [[Rajendra Prasad (actor)|Rajendra Prasad]]
| prev_title =
| prev_year =
| next_title =
| next_year =
}}

Music composed by [[Rajendra Prasad (actor)|Rajendra Prasad]]. Lyrics were written by [[Jonnavithhula Ramalingeswara Rao]]. Music released on Music Company.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cineradham.com/telugu-audio/movie/3515/Pellam%20Pichodu(2005)/ |title=Pellam Pichodu (Songs) |work=Cineradham}}</ref>
{{Track listing
| collapsed =
| headline =
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length = 19:02
| all_writing =
| all_lyrics =
| all_music =
| writing_credits =
| lyrics_credits =
| music_credits =

| title1 = Abba Entabbayi
| extra1 = [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[Sunitha Upadrashta|Sunitha]]
| length1 = 3:54

| title2 = Entho Missaipoyedanni
| extra2 = S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, [[Singer Usha|Usha]]
| length2 = 4:06

| title3 = Naa Prema Hindustanu
| extra3 = S. P. Balasubrahmanyam,Chaitra
| length3 = 4:31

| title4 = Rupaayive
| extra4 = S. P. Balasubrahmanyam
| length4 = 4:33

| title5 = Pellam Pichodu
| extra5 = Pranavi
| length5 = 2:02
}}

==Awards==
;[[Nandi Awards]] - 2005<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://ipr.ap.nic.in/New_Links/Film.pdf|title=నంది అవార్డు విజేతల పరంపర (1964–2008)|trans-title=A series of Nandi Award Winners (1964–2008)|publisher=[[Andhra Pradesh (magazine)|Information & Public Relations of Andhra Pradesh]]|access-date=21 August 2020}}(in [[Telugu language|Telugu]])</ref>
*[[Nandi Award for Best Popular Feature Film|Best Popular Feature Film - Gold]] - Rampalli Ramabhadra Sastry
*[[Nandi Award for Best Male Playback Singer|Best Male Playback Singer]] - [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Nandi Award for Best Popular Feature Film}}

[[Category:Indian comedy films]]
[[Category:2005 comedy films]]
[[Category:2005 films]]
[[Category:2005 Telugu-language films]]

Malaiyoor Mambattiyan

2026-03-03T05:16:24Z

FaustinoRicks4: New!

{{short description|1983 film by Rajasekhar}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2023}}
{{Infobox film
| image = Malaiyoor Mambattiyan.jpg
| caption = Poster
| director = [[Rajasekhar (director)|Rajasekhar]]
| producer = Siva. Ramadoss W. S. Sivashankar K. M. Ravi K. Muthukumaran
| screenplay = Rajasekhar
| story = Raghavan Thambi
| starring = [[Thiagarajan]] [[Saritha]] [[Jaishankar (actor)|Jaishankar]] [[Silk Smitha]]
| music = [[Ilaiyaraaja]]
| cinematography = V. Ranga
| editing = R. Vittal
| studio = Sri Devi Bagavathy Films
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|1983|7|1}}
| runtime = 135 minutes
| country = India
| language = Tamil
}}
'''''Malaiyoor Mambattiyan''''' ({{translation|Man with shovel from Malaiyoor}}) is 1983 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[vigilante film|vigilante]] [[action film]] directed by [[Rajasekhar (director)|Rajasekhar]], starring [[Thiagarajan]], [[Saritha]] and [[Silk Smitha]]. It was released on 1 July 1983.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Malaiyoor Mambattiyan / மலையூர் மம்பட்டியான் |url=https://screen4screen.com/movies/malaiyoor-mambattiyan |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20231026124804/https://screen4screen.com/movies/malaiyoor-mambattiyan |archive-date=26 October 2023 |access-date=26 October 2023 |website=Screen 4 Screen}}</ref> The film became a blockbuster and established Thiagarajan as a star.<ref>{{Cite news |date=1 February 2017 |title=A mastermind at work |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/A-mastermind-at-work/article17288295.ece |url-status=live |access-date=8 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201011124346/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/A-mastermind-at-work/article17288295.ece |archive-date=11 October 2020}}</ref> It was remade in [[Hindi]] by the same director as ''[[Gangvaa]]'' (1984)<ref>{{Cite news |last=Us Salam |first=Ziya |author-link=Ziya Us Salam |date=21 December 2012 |title=Superstar Chronicles |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/books/superstar-chronicles/article4226280.ece |url-status=live |access-date=8 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200922215949/https://www.thehindu.com/books/superstar-chronicles/article4226280.ece |archive-date=22 September 2020}}</ref> and in [[Telugu language|Telugu]] as ''Kondaveeti Nagulu'' (1984). In 2011, Thiagarajan remade the film starring his son [[Prashanth]], titled as ''[[Mambattiyan]]''.<ref name="hi">{{Cite news |last=Ashok Kumar |first=S. R. |date=8 December 2011 |title=Mambattiyan |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/mambattiyan/article2696350.ece |url-status=live |access-date=8 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220110035/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/mambattiyan/article2696350.ece |archive-date=20 December 2016}}</ref>

== Plot ==
{{more plot|date=March 2022}}
There is a group of youngsters in the village headed by Mambattiyan, who lead life in a forest by robbing the rich and distributing the wealth to the poor.

== Cast ==
{{cast listing|
* [[Thiagarajan]] as Mambattiyan<ref>{{cite web |last1=Maderya |first1=Kumuthan |title=Rage against the state: historicizing the "angry young man" in Tamil cinema |url=https://ejumpcut.org/archive/jc52.2010/Tamil/text.html |website=[[Jump Cut (journal)|Jump Cut]] |access-date=7 April 2022 |date=2010 |archive-date=9 August 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160809043053/http://ejumpcut.org/archive/jc52.2010/Tamil/text.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[Saritha]] as Kannaathaa
* [[Jaishankar (actor)|Jaishankar]] as DSP Ranjith
* [[Silk Smitha]] as Gypsy
* [[Senthamarai (actor)|Senthamarai]] as Landlord Sundaralingam
* [[Goundamani]] as Landlord Chinna Pannai
* [[Jayamalini]] as Sornam
* [[Sangili Murugan]] as Duplicate Mambatiyan
* Muthu Bharathi as Oomai Durai
* [[Senthil]] as Bullet
* Jayashree
*Krishnamoorthy as Kovilraj<ref name=anna />
* [[S. N. Lakshmi]]
* [[Vinod Raj (Tamil actor)|Vinod Raj]] as a police officer
* [[Master Haja Sheriff]] as Kottai Paaku
}}

== Production ==
Thiagarajan was inspired to make a film on the bandit Malaiyoor Mambattiyan after he heard a folk song praising Mambattiyan for helping the people in Malaiyoor village and hailing him as a real-life [[Robin Hood]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=25 June 2011 |title=The story behind Mambattiyan |work=[[The Times of India]] |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/the-story-behind-mambattiyan/articleshow/8988256.cms |url-status=live |access-date=24 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230824114925/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/the-story-behind-mambattiyan/articleshow/8988256.cms |archive-date=24 August 2023}}</ref>

== Soundtrack ==
The music was composed by [[Ilaiyaraaja]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Malayoor Mambattian (1983) |url=http://www.raaga.com/channels/tamil/moviedetail.asp?mid=T0000549 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131206170120/http://www.raaga.com/channels/tamil/moviedetail.asp?mid=T0000549 |archive-date=6 December 2013 |access-date=21 November 2013 |website=[[Raaga.com]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Malaiyur Mambattiyan |url=https://avdigital.in/products/malaiyur-mambattiyan-super-7-33-rpm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231026125702/https://avdigital.in/products/malaiyur-mambattiyan-super-7-33-rpm |archive-date=26 October 2023 |access-date=26 October 2023 |website=AVDigital}}</ref> The songs "Chinnai Ponnu Selai" and "Kaattu Vazhi" were well received and later reused in its 2011 remake.<ref name = hi />

{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
! Song !! Singers !! Lyrics !! Length
|-
| "Aaduthadi" || [[Malaysia Vasudevan]], [[S. P. Sailaja]] || [[Vaali (poet)|Vaali]] || 04:39
|-
| "Chinna Ponnu Selai" || [[Ilaiyaraaja]], [[S. Janaki]] || rowspan=2|[[Vairamuthu]] || 04:11
|-
| "Kaattu Vazhi Pogum" || [[Ilaiyaraaja]] || 03:41
|-
| "Vellarikka" || [[Gangai Amaran]], [[S. P. Sailaja]] || [[Gangai Amaran]] || 04:57
|}

== Critical reception ==
[[Subha (writers)|Jayamanmadhan]] of ''[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]]'' praised the performances of cast, cinematography, music, stunt choreography and direction.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=ஜெயமன்மதன் |author-link=Subha (writers) |date=31 July 1983 |title=மலையூர் மம்பட்டியான் |url=https://archive.org/details/kalki1983-07-31/page/n9/mode/2up |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20230314094003/https://archive.org/details/kalki1983-07-31/page/n9/mode/2up |archive-date=14 March 2023 |access-date=14 March 2023 |magazine=[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]] |page=9 |language=ta |via=[[Internet Archive]]}}</ref> Balumani of ''Anna'' praised the acting, cinematography, music, dialogues and direction.<ref name="anna">{{cite news |last=பாலுமணி |date=19 July 1983 |title=மலையூர் மம்பட்டியான் |url=https://images.eap.bl.uk/EAP372/EAP372_6_23_7_260/4.jp2/full/1000,1381/0/default.jpg |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250618143756/https://images.eap.bl.uk/EAP372/EAP372_6_23_7_260/4.jp2/full/1000,1381/0/default.jpg |archive-date=18 June 2025 |access-date=18 June 2025 |newspaper=Anna |pages=4 |language=ta |via=[[Endangered Archives Programme]]}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title}}
{{Rajasekhar (director)}}

[[Category:1983 Indian films]]
[[Category:1983 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:1980s vigilante films]]
[[Category:1983 action films]]
[[Category:1983 films]]
[[Category:Fictional portrayals of the Tamil Nadu Police]]
[[Category:Films directed by Rajasekhar (director)]]
[[Category:Films scored by Ilaiyaraaja]]
[[Category:Indian action films]]
[[Category:Indian vigilante films]]
[[Category:Tamil films remade in other languages]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]

Bindyarani Devi

2026-02-22T21:21:31Z

FaustinoRicks4: started bio - done

{{Short description|Indian weightlifter (born 1999)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2022}}
{{Infobox sportsperson
| name = Bindyarani Devi
| image =
| image_size =
| caption = Bindyarani at the [[2022 Commonwealth Games]]
| fullname = Bindyarani Devi Sorokhaibam
| nickname =
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| nationality = {{IND}}n
| alma mater =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1999|1|27|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Imphal West]], [[Manipur]], India<ref>{{cite news |title=Commonwealth Games 2022 squad: Full list of athletes in Indian weightlifting team |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/commonwealth-games/know-your-athlete/india-team-weightlifting-commonwealth-games-2022-full-list-of-players-cwg/article65653787.ece |access-date=3 August 2022 |work=Sportstar |date=18 July 2022 |language=en}}</ref>
| death_date =
| death_place =
| height =
| weight =
| website =
| sport =
| event =
| collegeteam =
| universityteam =
| club =
| team =
| turnedpro =
| partner =
| coach =
| retired =
| coaching =
| worlds =
| regionals =
| nationals =
| olympics =
| paralympics =
| highestranking =
| pb =
| medaltemplates = {{MedalSport| Women's [[Olympic weightlifting|weightlifting]]}} [[File: Weightlifting pictogram.svg|30px]]
{{MedalCountry|{{IND}}}}
{{MedalComp|[[IWF World Cup|World Cup]]}}
{{MedalBronze|[[2024 IWF World Cup|2024 Phuket]]|55 kg}}
{{MedalComp|[[Commonwealth Games]]}}
{{MedalSilver|[[Weightlifting at the 2022 Commonwealth Games|2022 Birmingham]]|[[Weightlifting at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Women's 55 kg|55 kg]]}}
{{MedalComp|[[Commonwealth Weightlifting Championships|Commonwealth Championships]]}}
{{MedalGold|[[2019 Commonwealth Weightlifting Championships|2019 Apia]]|55 kg}}
{{MedalSilver|[[2021 Commonwealth Weightlifting Championships|2021 Tashkent]]|55 kg}}
{{MedalSilver|[[Commonwealth Weightlifting Championships|2025 Ahmedabad]]|58 kg}}
{{MedalComp|[[Asian Weightlifting Championships|Asian Championships]]}}
{{MedalSilver|[[2023 Asian Weightlifting Championships|2023 Jinju]]|55 kg}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[South Asian Games]]}}
{{MedalGold|[[2019 South Asian Games|2019 Kathmandu]]|55 kg}}
| show-medals =
| updated =
}}

'''Bindyarani Devi''' (born 27 January 1999) is an Indian [[Olympic weightlifting|weightlifter]] who competes in the 55 kg weight class.

== Career ==
She won gold at the [[2019 Commonwealth Weightlifting Championships]]<ref>{{cite news |title=Manipur lifters bag three gold in Samoa event |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/north-east/manipur-lifters-bag-three-gold-in-samoa-event/cid/1694137 |access-date=27 September 2022 |newspaper=The Telegraph | location=India | first=Robert | last=Sapam | date=9 July 2019 }}</ref> and silver at the [[2021 Commonwealth Weightlifting Championships]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Commonwealth Weightlifting Championship: Bindyarani Devi Wins Silver In Women's 55kg Category |url=https://sports.ndtv.com/weightlifting/commonwealth-weightlifting-championship-bindyarani-devi-wins-silver-in-womens-55kg-category-2644733 |access-date=30 July 2022 |work=NDTV |language=en}}</ref> She also won gold in [[clean and jerk]] at the [[2021 World Weightlifting Championships]].<ref>{{cite news |title=World Weightlifting Championships 2021: India's Bindyarani Devi wins clean and jerk gold |url=https://olympics.com/en/news/world-weightlifting-championships-2021-bindyarani-devi-gold-medal-clean-jerk |access-date=30 July 2022 |work=Olympics.com}}</ref>

She won the silver medal at the [[2022 Commonwealth Games]] with a total lift of 202 kg. She also broke Games record and national record in clean and jerk by lifting 116 kg.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-07-30 |title=Bindyarani Devi Wins Silver Medal in Women's 55kg Weightlifting; Creates CWG Record in Clean And Jerk |work=News18 |url=https://www.news18.com/news/sports/cwg-2022-bindyarani-devi-wins-silver-in-womens-55kg-weightlifting-creates-cwg-record-in-clean-and-jerk-5658355.html |access-date=2022-07-31}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{sports links}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Devi, Bindyarani}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1999 births]]
[[Category:Meitei people]]
[[Category:Indian female weightlifters]]
[[Category:Weightlifters from Manipur]]
[[Category:Sportswomen from Manipur]]
[[Category:Commonwealth Games silver medallists for India]]
[[Category:Weightlifters at the 2022 Commonwealth Games]]
[[Category:Medallists at the 2022 Commonwealth Games]]
[[Category:Weightlifters at the 2022 Asian Games]]
[[Category:Asian Games weightlifters for India]]
[[Category:Commonwealth Games silver medallists in weightlifting]]
[[Category:Commonwealth Games weightlifters for India]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian sportswomen]]
[[Category:Asian Weightlifting Championships medalists]]

{{India-weightlifting-bio-stub}}

Sagaing Region

2026-02-11T20:42:51Z

FaustinoRicks4: improved lead per sources additionally and improved wording after review

{{short description|Region of Myanmar}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Sagaing Region
| native_name = {{nobold|စစ်ကိုင်းတိုင်းဒေသကြီး}}
| native_name_lang = my
| settlement_type = [[Administrative divisions of Burma|Region]]
| translit_lang1 = [[MLC Transcription System|Myanma]]
| translit_lang1_type = [[Burmese language|Burmese]]
| translit_lang1_info = {{lang|my-Latn|cac kuing: tuing: desa. kri:}}
| image_skyline = Sagaing, Myanmar.jpg
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| image_flag = Flag of Sagaing Region (2019).svg
| image_blank_emblem = Logo of Sagaing Region Government.svg
| blank_emblem_size = 90px
| blank_emblem_type = Seal
| flag_alt =
| nickname =
| motto =
| image_map = Sagaing Region in Myanmar.svg
| mapsize = 200px
| map_alt =
| map_caption = Location of Sagaing Region in Myanmar
| pushpin_map = 
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption =
| coordinates = {{coord|21|30|N|95|37|E|region:MM_type:adm1st|display=inline,title}}
| coor_pinpoint =
| coordinates_footnotes =
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = Myanmar
| subdivision_type1 = Region
| subdivision_name1 = Upper
| established_title =
| established_date =
| seat_type = Capital
| seat = [[Monywa]]
| government_footnotes =
| leader_party =
| leader_title = [[Chief Ministers of States and Regions of Myanmar|Chief Minister]]
| leader_name = Myat Kyaw
| leader_title1 = Cabinet
| leader_name1 = [[Sagaing Region Government]]
| leader_title3 = Judiciary
| leader_name3 = Sagaing Region High Court
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_total_km2 = 93704.5
| area_rank = 2nd
| area_note =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_max_ft = 12602
| elevation_max_point = [[Mount Saramati]]
| population_total = 5,325,347
| population_as_of = [[2014 Burma Census|2014]]
| population_footnotes = <ref name="census-2014">{{cite book|page=6 |chapter-url =https://reliefweb.int/attachments/b6b686a7-a0a9-3389-9c7f-2a697c5fafd9/Census%20Highlights%20Report%20-%20ENGLISH.pdf | chapter = The 2014 Myanmar Population and Housing Census Highlights of the Main Results Census Report Volume 2 – A | publisher = Department of Population Ministry of Immigration and Population|url=https://reliefweb.int/report/myanmar/2014-myanmar-population-and-housing-census-union-report-census-report-volume-2-enmy |title=The 2014 Myanmar Population and Housing Census - The Union Report - Census Report Volume 2 [EN/MY] |date =29 May 2015 |access-date=2022-09-01}}</ref>
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_rank = 5th
| population_demonym = Sagainggese
| population_note =
| demographics_type1 = Demographics
| demographics1_footnotes = 
| demographics1_title1 = Ethnicities
| timezone1 = [[Myanmar Standard Time|MST]]
| utc_offset1 = +06:30
| postal_code_type =
| postal_code =
| area_code =
| area_code_type =
| iso_code = MM-01
| unemployment_rate =
| website = {{URL|sagaingregion.gov.mm}}
| footnotes =
| leader_title2 = Legislature
| leader_name2 = [[Sagaing Region Hluttaw]]
| demographics1_info1 = {{hlist| [[Bamar]]|[[Shan people|Shan]]| [[Mizo people in Myanmar|Mizo]]| [[Kuki people|Kuki]]|[[Naga people|Naga]]|[[Khamti people|Khamti]]}}
| demographics1_title2 = Religions
| demographics1_info2 = [[Buddhism]] 92.2% [[Christianity]] 6.5% [[Islam]] 1.1% [[Hinduism]] 0.1% [[Animism]] 0.1%<ref>{{cite web |title=The 2014 Myanmar Population and Housing Census- The Union Report: Religion |url=https://myanmar.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/UNION_2-C_religion_EN_0.pdf |website=myanmar.unfpa.org |publisher=Department of Population Ministry of Labour, Immigration and Population MYANMAR |access-date=5 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180329011235/http://myanmar.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/UNION_2-C_religion_EN_0.pdf |archive-date=29 March 2018 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| blank_name_sec2 = [[Human Development Index|HDI]] (2017)
| blank_info_sec2 = 0.547<ref name="GlobalDataLab">{{Cite web|url=https://hdi.globaldatalab.org/areadata/shdi/|title=Sub-national HDI - Area Database - Global Data Lab|website=hdi.globaldatalab.org|language=en|access-date=2018-09-13}}</ref> {{color|#900|low}} · [[List of administrative divisions of Myanmar by Human Development Index|9th]]
| official_name =
}}

'''Sagaing Region''' ({{langx|my|စစ်ကိုင်းတိုင်းဒေသကြီး}}, {{IPA|my|zəɡáɪ̯ɰ̃ táɪ̯ɰ̃ dèθa̰ dʑí|pron}}; formerly '''Sagaing Division''') is an [[administrative divisions of Myanmar|administrative region]] of [[Myanmar]], located in the north-western part of the country between latitude 21° 30' north and longitude 94° 97' east. It is bordered by [[Chin State]] and India's [[Nagaland]], [[Manipur]], and [[Arunachal Pradesh]] states to the west and north, [[Kachin State]], [[Shan State]], and [[Mandalay Region]] to the east and Mandalay Region and [[Magway Region]] to the south. The [[Ayeyarwady River]] forms a greater part of its eastern and also southern boundary. Sagaing Region has an area of {{convert|93,527|km2}}, making it the second-largest subdivision of Myanmar. In 1996, it had a population of over 5,300,000, while its population in 2012 was 6,600,000. The urban population 2012 was 1,230,000, and the rural population was 5,360,000.<ref>http://www.mrtv3.net.mm/newpaper/68newsm.pdf{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} Page 3 Col 1</ref> The namesake of Sagaing Region is [[Sagaing]] but the administrative capital and largest city is [[Monywa]].<ref>{{cite web |title=ပြည်ထောင်စုသမ္မတ မြန်မာနိုင်ငံတော် စစ်ကိုင်းတိုင်းဒေသကြီး အစိုးရအဖွဲ့ရုံး |trans-title=Union of the Republic of Myanmar Sagaing Region Government Office |url=https://www.sagaingregion.gov.mm/index.php |access-date=3 April 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Ask a Local: Ko Ko Thett, Sagaing, Myanmar |url=https://www.thecommononline.org/ask-a-local-ko-ko-thett-sagaing-myanmar/ |date=30 August 2018 |author=Ko Ko Thett |website=The Common}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Conflict in Upper Myanmar reaches outskirts of Sagaing capital |url=https://myanmar-now.org/en/news/conflict-in-upper-myanmar-reaches-outskirts-of-sagaing-capital/ |work=Myanmar Now |date=14 June 2023}}</ref>

==History==
===1st to 13th centuries===
[[File:Pyu city-states map.svg|thumb|180px|Pyu city in red]]

The [[Pyu people|Pyu]] were the first in recorded history to populate the area of Sagaing Region by the first century CE. The [[Bamar|Burmans]] first migrated into [[Upper Myanmar]] by the ninth century CE. The area came under the [[Pagan Kingdom]] certainly by the middle of the 11th century when the King [[Anawrahta]] (r. 1044–1077) founded the Pagan Empire, which encompasses the modern day Myanmar.{{Citation needed|date=August 2021}}

[[File:Pagan Empire -- Sithu II.PNG|thumb|180px|Pagan Empire]]

[[File:Mong Mao-the detail map.svg|thumb|left|Sagaing state came under territory of Mong Mao in the heyday of the [[Si Kefa]] period (1360)]]

===13th to 19th centuries ===
[[File:Map of Taungoo Empire (1580).png|thumb|Map of Taungoo Empire in 1580 stretched from Manipur in the west to Cambodia in the east]]
After the fall of Pagan in 1287, the northwestern parts of Upper Myanmar came under the [[Sagaing Kingdom]] (1315–1364) ruled by Burmanized [[Shan people|Shan]] kings. The area was ruled by the kings of [[Ava Kingdom|Ava]] from 1364 to 1555 and the kings of [[Taungoo Dynasty|Taungoo]] from 1555 to 1752. [[Konbaung Dynasty]] (1752–1885), founded by king [[Alaungpaya]] in [[Shwebo]], became the last Burmese dynasty before the [[British Empire|British]] conquest of Upper Burma in 1885. The area became Sagaing Division after the Burmese independence in January 1948.{{Citation needed|date=August 2021}}

=== Modern era ===
[[File:Konbaung dynasty.png|thumb|150px|Konbaung Empire in 1824]]

In the aftermath of the [[2021 Myanmar coup d'état]], Sagaing Region, which is part of the [[Bamar people|Bamar]] homeland, emerged as a stronghold of resistance against military rule. [[Tatmadaw|Myanmar Armed Forces]] has engaged in significant military offensives throughout the region to quell resistance and intimidate local villagers. Sagaing Region has since become the site of several high-profile massacres by military forces, including the 2022 [[Let Yet Kone massacre]] and the 2023 [[Tar Taing massacre]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Maung Shwe Wah |date=2023-03-11 |title=In Myanmar's heartland, new horrors from a junta struggling for control |url=https://myanmar-now.org/en/news/in-myanmars-heartland-new-horrors-from-a-junta-struggling-for-control |access-date=2023-03-11 |website=Myanmar NOW |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=2022-11-23 |title=The Tabayin School Attack |url=https://www.myanmarwitness.org/reports/the-tabayin-school-attack |access-date=2023-03-02 |website=Myanmar Witness |language=en}}</ref>

In March 2025, a {{M|w|link=y}} 7.7–7.9 [[2025 Myanmar earthquake|earthquake]] struck close to the capital city of Sagaing. Significant damage was recorded within the city and throughout the entire region.

==Administrative divisions==
As of 2022, Sagaing Region consists of 13 districts and 1 Self-Administered Zone, divided into 34 townships<ref name="MIMU001">[http://www.burmalibrary.org/docs6/MIMU001_A3_SD%20&%20Township%20Overview.pdf "Myanmar States/Divisions & Townships Overview Map"] Myanmar Information Management Unit (MIMU)</ref> with 198 wards and villages. The major cities are [[Sagaing]], [[Shwebo]], [[Monywa]], [[Ye U]], [[Katha, Burma|Katha]], [[Kalaymyo|Kale]], [[Tamu, Myanmar|Tamu]], [[Mawlaik]] and [[Hkamti District|Hkamti]]. [[Mingun]] with its famous bell is located near Sagaing but can be reached across the Ayeyarwady from [[Mandalay]].

{|class=wikitable
![[Hkamti District]] [[File:Hkamti district in Sagaing region 2022.svg|150px]]
|[[Hkamti Township]]
|-
![[Homalin District]] [[File:Homalin district in Sagaing region.svg|150px]]
|[[Homalin Township]]
|-
![[Kale District]] [[File:Kale district in Sagaing region.svg|150px]]
|[[Kale Township]]{{•}}[[Kalewa Township]]{{•}}[[Mingin Township]]
|-
![[Kanbalu District]] [[File:Kanbalu district in Sagaing region.svg|150px]]
|[[Kanbalu Township]]{{•}}[[Kyunhla Township]]
|-
![[Katha District]] [[File:Katha district in Sagaing region.svg|150px]]
|[[Banmauk Township]]{{•}}[[Htigyaing Township]]{{•}}[[Indaw Township]]{{•}}[[Katha Township]]
|-
![[Kawlin District]] [[File:Kawlin district in Sagaing region.svg|150px]]
|[[Kawlin Township]]{{•}}[[Pinlebu Township]]{{•}}[[Wuntho Township]]
|-
![[Mawlaik District]] [[File:Mawlaik district in Sagaing region.svg|150px]]
|[[Mawlaik Township]]{{•}}[[Paungbyin Township]]
|-
![[Monywa District]] [[File:Monywa district in Sagaing region.svg|150px]]
|[[Ayadaw Township]]{{•}}[[Budalin Township]]{{•}}[[Chaung-U Township]]{{•}}[[Monywa Township]]
|-
![[Naga Self-Administered Zone]] [[File:Naga SAZ in Sagaing region.svg|150px]]
|[[Lahe Township]]{{•}}[[Leshi Township]]{{•}}[[Nanyun Township]]
|-
![[Sagaing District]] [[File:Sagaing district in Sagaing region.svg|150px]]
|[[Myaung Township]]{{•}}[[Myinmu Township]]{{•}}[[Sagaing Township]]
|-
![[Shwebo District]] [[File:Shwebo district in Sagaing region 2022.svg|150px]]
|[[Khin-U Township]]{{•}}[[Shwebo Township]]{{•}}[[Wetlet Township]]
|-
![[Tamu District]] [[File:Tamu district in Sagaing region.svg|150px]]
|[[Tamu Township]]
|-
![[Ye-U District]] [[File:YeU district in Sagaing region.svg|150px]]
|[[Tabayin Township]]{{•}}[[Taze Township]]{{•}}[[Ye-U Township]]
|-
![[Yinmabin District]] [[File:Yinmabin district in Sagaing region.svg|150px]]
|[[Kani Township]]{{•}}[[Pale Township]]{{•}}[[Salingyi Township]]{{•}}[[Yinmabin Township]]
|}

In August 2010,<ref name="Aug2010">{{cite news |title=တိုင်းခုနစ်တိုင်းကို တိုင်းဒေသကြီးများအဖြစ် လည်းကောင်း၊ ကိုယ်ပိုင်အုပ်ချုပ်ခွင့်ရ တိုင်းနှင့် ကိုယ်ပိုင်အုပ်ချုပ်ခွင့်ရ ဒေသများ ရုံးစိုက်ရာ မြို့များကို လည်းကောင်း ပြည်ထောင်စုနယ်မြေတွင် ခရိုင်နှင့်မြို့နယ်များကို လည်းကောင်း သတ်မှတ်ကြေညာ |newspaper=[[Weekly Eleven|Weekly Eleven News]] |date=2010-08-20 |url=http://www.news-eleven.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4375:2010-08-20-12-39-51&catid=42:2009-11-10-07-36-59&Itemid=112 |access-date=2010-08-23 |language=my}}</ref> three former townships of [[Hkamti District]] were transferred, in accordance with the 2008 constitution,<ref name="2008constbur">{{lang|my|ပြည်ထောင်စုသမ္မတမြန်မာနိုင်ငံတော် ဖွဲ့စည်းပုံအခြေခံဥပဒေ (၂၀၀၈ ခုနှစ်)|}} (in Burmese) [http://www.irrawaddy.org/election/component/filecabinet/?task=download&cid[0]=1|2008 Constitution PDF] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110501121420/http://www.irrawaddy.org/election/component/filecabinet/?task=download&cid |date=2011-05-01 }}</ref> to a new administrative unit, the [[Naga Self-Administered Zone]].<ref name="Aug2010" />

== Government ==

=== Executive ===
{{main|Sagaing Region Government}}
Sagaing Region is currently under the control of a military junta known as the State Administration Council (SAC), led by General Min Aung Hlaing. This regime seized power following a coup on February 1, 2021, overthrowing the elected civilian government led by Aung San Suu Kyi and the National League for Democracy (NLD). Since then, the country has been under an extended state of emergency and faces an ongoing civil war between the junta, pro-democracy forces, and various ethnic armed groups.

=== Legislature ===
{{main|Sagaing Region Hluttaw}}

{{empty section|date=July 2019}}

=== Judiciary ===
{{empty section|date=July 2019}}

== Demographics ==
{{Historical populations
|footnote =
|source = 2014 Myanmar Census<ref name="census-2014"/>
|1973 | 3,119,054
|1983 | 3,862,172
|2014 | 5,325,347
}}
In 2014, Sagaing Region had a population of 5.3 million people.

=== Ethnic makeup ===
{{Bar box|width=300px|barwidth=250px|float=right|title=Ethnic composition of Sagaing Region|left1=Ethnic group|right1=Percentage|bars={{bar percent|Bamar|#ee82ee|87.5}}
{{bar percent|Shan|#b22222|4.8}}
{{bar percent|Chin|#008b8b|4.0}}
{{bar percent|Naga|#ffa07a|2.6}}
{{bar percent|Other|#556b2f|1.1}}|caption=Source: 2019 [[General Administration Department|GAD]] township reports}}The [[Bamar people|Bamar]] make up the majority of the region's population, living in [[Dry Zone (Myanmar)|Anyar]], the country's central dry zone and along the Mandalay-Myitkyina Railroad. Other groups, like the Shan and Kachin, form small minorities. The [[Shan people|Shan]] live in the upper [[Chindwin River]] valley. [[Zo people|Kuki people]] which includes the [[Thadou people]] live in the south and along the Indo-Myanmar Border from Homalin to Tamu-Namphalong axis.

Smaller ethnic groups native to the Region include the [[Kadu people|Kadu]] and [[Ganan language|Ganang]], who live in the upper [[Mu River (Irrawaddy)|Mu River]] valley and Meza River valley. There are also an unknown number of [[Catholic Church in Myanmar|Catholic]] [[Bayingyi people]] (at least 3,000), the descendants of 16th and 17th century Portuguese adventurers and mercenaries, who live in their ancestral villages on the expansive plains of the Mu river valley.

After the 2014 [[Census in Myanmar]], the Burmese government indefinitely withheld release of detailed ethnicity data, citing concerns around political and social concerns surrounding the issue of ethnicity in Myanmar.<ref name=":7">{{cite book |last1=Jap |first1=Jangai |url=https://doi.org/10.31752/idea.2022.57 |title=Deciphering Myanmar's Ethnic Landscape: A Brief Historical and Ethnic Description of Myanmar's Administrative Units |last2=Courtin |first2=Constant |date=2022-11-22 |publisher=International IDEA |isbn=978-91-7671-577-2 |doi=10.31752/idea.2022.57}}</ref><ref name=":72">{{cite book |last1=Jap |first1=Jangai |url=https://doi.org/10.31752/idea.2022.57 |title=Deciphering Myanmar's Ethnic Landscape: A Brief Historical and Ethnic Description of Myanmar's Administrative Units |last2=Courtin |first2=Constant |date=2022-11-22 |publisher=International IDEA |isbn=978-91-7671-577-2 |doi=10.31752/idea.2022.57}}</ref> In 2022, researchers published an analysis of the [[General Administration Department]]'s nationwide 2018-2019 township reports to tabulate the ethnic makeup of the region.<ref>{{Cite web |title=PoneYate ethnic population dashboard |url=https://www.ponyate.org/ethnic-population-dashboard-740399e}}</ref><ref name=":73">{{cite book |last1=Jap |first1=Jangai |url=https://doi.org/10.31752/idea.2022.57 |title=Deciphering Myanmar's Ethnic Landscape: A Brief Historical and Ethnic Description of Myanmar's Administrative Units |last2=Courtin |first2=Constant |date=2022-11-22 |publisher=International IDEA |isbn=978-91-7671-577-2 |doi=10.31752/idea.2022.57}}</ref>

=== Religion ===
{{Pie chart
|thumb = right
|caption = Religion in Sagaing (2015)<ref name="TUR">{{cite book | url=https://drive.google.com/open?id=0B067GBtstE5TSl9FNElRRGtvMUk | title=The 2014 Myanmar Population and Housing Census Census Report Volume 2-C | publisher=Department of Population Ministry of Labour, Immigration and Population MYANMAR | author=Department of Population Ministry of Labour, Immigration and Population MYANMAR | date=July 2016 | pages=12–15}}</ref>
|title =
|label1 = Buddhism
|value1 = 92.2
|color1 = Yellow
|label2 = Christianity
|value2 = 6.5
|color2 = DodgerBlue
|label3 = Islam
|value3 = 1.1
|color3 = green
|label4 = Other religion
|value4 = 0.1
|color4 = gray
|label5 = Hinduism
|value5 = 0.1
|color5 = orange
}}
According to the [[2014 Myanmar Census]], [[Buddhism|Buddhists]], who make up 92.2% of Sagaing Region's population, form the largest religious community there.<ref name="TUR2">{{cite book|author=|url=https://www.dop.gov.mm/sites/dop.gov.mm/files/publication_docs/union_2-c_religion_en_0.pdf|title=The 2014 Myanmar Population and Housing Census Census Report Volume 2-C|publisher=Department of Population Ministry of Labour, Immigration and Population|date=July 2016|pages=12–15}}</ref> Minority religious communities include [[Christianity|Christians]] (6.6%), [[Islam|Muslims]] (1.1%), and [[Hinduism|Hindus]] (0.1%) who collectively comprise the remainder of Sagaing Region's population.<ref name="TUR2" /> 0.1% of the population listed no religion, other religions, or were otherwise not enumerated.<ref name="TUR2" />

According to the [[State Sangha Maha Nayaka Committee]]’s 2016 statistics, 55,041 Buddhist monks were registered in Sagaing Region, comprising 10.3% of Myanmar's total [[Sangha]] membership, which includes both novice [[samanera]] and fully-ordained bhikkhu.<ref name="mahana">{{Cite web|date=2016|title=The Account of Wazo Monks and Nuns in 1377 (2016 year)|url=http://www.mahana.org.mm/en/religious-affairs/the-account-of-wazo-monks-and-nuns-in-1377-2016-year/|access-date=2021-01-19|website=[[State Sangha Maha Nayaka Committee]]|language=en-US}}</ref> The majority of monks belong to the [[Thudhamma Nikaya]] (83.8%), followed by [[Shwegyin Nikaya]] (16.1%), with the remainder of monks belonging to other small [[Nikāya|monastic orders]].<ref name="mahana" /> 9,915 [[thilashin]] were registered in Sagaing Region, comprising 16.4% of Myanmar's total thilashin community.<ref name="mahana" />

==Ecology==
There are a number of protected areas in Sagaing Region, among them are [[Alaungdaw Kathapa|Alaungdaw Kathapa National Park]], [[Chatthin Wildlife Sanctuary]],<ref>Aung, Myint (2001) "Ecology and Social Organization of a Tropical Deer (''Cervus Eldi Thamin'')" ''Journal of Mammalogy'' 82(3): pp. 836–847, {{doi|10.1644/1545-1542(2001)082<0836:EASOOA>2.0.CO;2}}</ref> [[Mahamyaing Wildlife Sanctuary]],<ref>[http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/sites/index.html?action=SitHTMDetails.asp&sid=16314&m=0 "Mahamyaing Wildlife Sanctuary"] BirdLife IBA Factsheet</ref><ref>Brockelman, Warren Y. ''et al.'' (2009) "Chapter 20: Census of Eastern Hoolock Gibbons (''Hoolock leuconedys'') in Mahamyaing Wildlife Sanctuary, Sagaing Region, Myanmar" pp. 435–451 ''In'' Lappan, Susan and Whittaker, Danielle (eds.) (2009) ''The Gibbons: New Perspectives on Small Ape Socioecology and Population Biology'' Springer, New York, {{ISBN|978-0-387-88603-9}}, {{doi|10.1007/978-0-387-88604-6_20}}</ref> and [[Tamanthi Wildlife Reserve|Htamanthi Wildlife Sanctuary]] in [[Homalin Township]].<ref>[http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/species/index.html?action=SitHTMDetails.asp&sid=16275&m=0 "Htamanthi Wildlife Sanctuary"] BirdLife IBA Factsheet</ref>

==Transport==
[[Image:Sagaing3.jpg|thumb|[[Sagaing]]]]
Hemmed in by two great rivers of Myanmar, the [[Irrawaddy River|Irrawaddy]] and the [[Chindwin River|Chindwin]], river transport is a common way to move people and cargo. Much of the inland Sagaing Region relies on roads and rail in poor condition.

==Economy==
Agriculture is the chief occupation. The leading crop is [[rice]], which occupies most of the arable ground. Other crops include [[wheat]], [[sesame]], [[peanut]], [[pulses]], [[cotton]], and [[tobacco]]. The region being next to India, depends on the export import business from India. It is the gateway to India for Myanmar. Sagaing is Myanmar's leading producer of wheat, contributing more than 80% of the country's total production. Important minerals include [[gold]], [[coal]], [[salt]] and small amounts of [[petroleum]]. Industry includes [[textile]]s, [[copper]] refining, [[gold]] smelting, and a [[diesel engine]] plant. The Region has many rice mills, [[Cooking oil|edible oil]] mills, saw mills, cotton mills, and mechanized [[weaving]] factories. Local industry includes earthen [[Pottery|pots]], [[household silver|silverware]], [[bronze]]-wares, [[iron]]-wares and [[lacquerware]].

Forestry is important in the wetter upper regions along the [[Chindwin River]], with [[teak]] and other hardwoods extracted. As in other parts of the country, [[reforestation]] is not effective enough to maintain [[sustainable forestry]]. Since the [[2021 Myanmar coup d'état]], [[illegal logging]] of teak and tamalan trees has surged in Sagaing Region, predominantly in key contested battlegrounds, including [[Kani Township|Kani]], [[Yinmabin Township|Yinmabin]], [[Kanbalu Township|Kantbalu]], [[Indaw Township|Indaw]] and [[Banmauk Township|Banmauk townships]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Frontier |date=2023-03-27 |title='No one can stop it': Illegal logging surges in Myanmar's conflict zones |url=https://www.frontiermyanmar.net/en/no-one-can-stop-it-illegal-logging-surges-in-myanmars-conflict-zones/ |access-date=2023-03-27 |website=Frontier Myanmar |language=en-US}}</ref> Both the Burmese military and resistance groups have profited from the illegal logging trade.<ref name=":0" /> Smugglers transport the wood to India in order to circumvent [[economic sanctions]], and use the [[Myanma Timber Enterprise]] to license the wood as being sourced from permitted areas.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-03-07 |title=From Taiwan to Turkey and beyond: How Deforestation Inc exposed the teak trade from Myanmar |url=https://www.icij.org/investigations/deforestation-inc/from-taiwan-to-turkey-and-beyond-how-deforestation-inc-exposed-the-teak-trade-from-myanmar/ |access-date=2023-03-27 |website=ICIJ |language=en-US}}</ref>

==Education==
{{see also|List of universities in Sagaing Division}}

Educational opportunities in Myanmar are extremely limited outside the main cities of [[Yangon]] and [[Mandalay]]. According to official statistics, less than 10% of primary school students in Sagaing Region reach high school.<ref name=cso-edu>{{cite web | url=http://www.etrademyanmar.com/STATS/s1701.htm | title=Education statistics by level and by State and Division | access-date=2009-04-09 | publisher=Myanmar Central Statistical Organization | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110929022440/http://www.etrademyanmar.com/STATS/s1701.htm | archive-date=2011-09-29 }}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|-
!width="100"|AY 2002–2003
!width="100"|Primary
!width="100"|Middle
!width="100"|High
|-
| Schools
| 3854
| 190
| 84
|-
| Teachers
| 16,100
| 5000
| 1600
|-
| Students
| 550,000
| 140,000
| 49,000
|}

Sagaing Region has three national "professional" universities in the [[Monywa University of Economics]], [[Sagaing University of Education]] and the [[Sagaing Institute of Education]]. [[Monywa University]] is the main [[liberal arts]] university in the region. [[Sagaing Institute of Education]] also known [[Sagaing University of Education]] is the one of two senior universities of education in [[Myanmar]].

==Healthcare==
The general state of healthcare in Myanmar is poor. The military government spends anywhere from 0.5% to 3% of the country's GDP on health care, consistently ranking among the lowest in the world.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.ppionline.org/ppi_ci.cfm?knlgAreaID=108&subsecID=900003&contentID=254167 | title=PPI: Almost Half of All World Health Spending is in the United States | date=2007-01-17 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080205231908/http://www.ppionline.org/ppi_ci.cfm?knlgAreaID=108&subsecID=900003&contentID=254167 | archive-date=2008-02-05 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.berkeley.edu/news/media/releases/2007/06/28_Burma.shtml | title=Burma junta faulted for rampant diseases | date=2007-06-28 | author=Yasmin Anwar | publisher=UC Berkeley News}}</ref> Although healthcare is nominally free, in reality, patients have to pay for medicine and treatment, even in public clinics and hospitals. Public hospitals lack many of the basic facilities and equipment. Moreover, the healthcare infrastructure outside of [[Yangon]] and [[Mandalay]] is extremely poor. In 2003, Sagaing Region had less than a quarter of the number of hospital beds counted in [[Yangon Region]], with a similar size of population.<ref name=cso-hosp>{{cite web | url=http://www.etrademyanmar.com/STATS/s0413.htm | title=Hospitals and Dispensaries by State and Division | access-date=2009-04-11 | publisher=Myanmar Central Statistical Organization | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110929022532/http://www.etrademyanmar.com/STATS/s0413.htm | archive-date=2011-09-29 }}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!width="300"|2002–2003
!width="100"|# Hospitals
!width="100"|# Beds
|-
| Specialist hospitals
| 0
| 0
|-
| General hospitals with specialist services
| 2
| 400
|-
| General hospitals
| 38
| 1168
|-
| Health clinics
| 48
| 768
|- class="sortbottom"
| '''Total'''
| '''88'''
| '''2336'''
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category}}{{Geographic Location|North=[[Nagaland]], [[Manipur]], [[Arunachal Pradesh]], {{flag|India}}|Center={{flag|Sagaing Region}}|South={{flag|Magway Region}}|South-east={{flag|Mandalay Region}} [[Ayeyawady River]]|WEST={{flag|Chin State}} {{flag|India}}|EAST={{flag|Kachin State}} {{flag|Shan State}}}}{{Sagaing Division}}
{{Administrative divisions of Burma (Myanmar)}}

[[Category:Sagaing Region| ]]
[[Category:Regions of Myanmar]]

Rithvik Dhanjani

2026-02-10T03:05:27Z

FaustinoRicks4: revised

{{short description|Indian actor (born 1988)|bot=PearBOT 5}}
{{pp-semi-indef|small=yes}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2014}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Rithvik Dhanjani
| image = Rithvik Dhanjani at OTTPlay Change Makers Awards 2023.jpg
| caption = Dhanjani in 2023
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1988|11|5|df=yes}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Happy Birthday Rithvik Dhanjani: Reasons why the TV actor is a multi talented star |work=Indian Express |date=5 November 2017 |access-date=5 November 2021 |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/happy-birthday-rithvik-dhanjani-4922708/lite/}}</ref>
| birth_place = [[Mandsaur]], [[Madhya Pradesh]], [[India]]
| education =
| alma_mater = City of London College, [[London]]
| occupation = {{hlist|Actor|television host|dancer}}
| years_active = 2009-present
| known_for = ''[[Pyaar Kii Ye Ek Kahaani]]'' ''[[Pavitra Rishta]]'' ''[[Super Dancer]]'' ''[[Cartel (web series)|Cartel]]''
| partner = [[Asha Negi]] (2013-2020)<ref name="breakup" />
| father =
}}

'''Rithvik Dhanjani''' (born 5 November 1988) is an Indian actor who primarily works in [[Television in India|Hindi]] television and web shows. He made his acting debut in 2009, portraying Parth in ''[[Bandini (TV series)|Bandini]]''.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Happy Birthday Rithvik Dhanjani: It is a working birthday for me and I am enjoying it |work=Times of India |date=5 November 2022 |access-date=5 November 2022 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/rithvik-dhanjani-it-is-a-working-birthday-for-me-and-i-am-enjoying-it/articleshow/95314734.cms}}</ref> Dhanjani earned wider recognition with his portrayal of Arjun Digvijay Kirloskar in ''[[Pavitra Rishta]]''. He is a recipient of one [[Indian Telly Awards|Indian Telly Award]] and [[Gold Awards|Gold Award]] each, along with other nominations.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/things-you-didnt-know-about-rithvik-dhanjani/photostory/49670108.cms |title=Check out the things you didn't knew about actor and star host Rithvik Dhanjani |website=The Times of India |access-date=29 September 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/tv/rithvik-dhanjani-i-m-getting-the-roles-i-ve-been-waiting-for-don-t-regret-turning-down-acting-parts-earlier-101617094969023-amp.html |title=Rithvik Dhanjani: I'm getting the roles I've been waiting for; don't regret turning down acting parts earlier |website=Hindustan Times |date=30 March 2021 |access-date=1 April 2021}}</ref>

Dhanjani had his first success with ''[[Pyaar Kii Ye Ek Kahaani]]'', where he was seen portraying Jay Khurana. His film debut ''[[Jo Hum Chahein]]'' (2011), failed to leave a mark. The year 2013, marked a turning point in his career when he turned host with ''[[Yeh Hai Aashiqui]]'' and his success there led to him hosting other shows including ''[[India's Next Superstars]]'', ''[[Super Dancer]]'', ''[[India's Best Dramebaaz]]'' and ''[[So You Think You Can Dance (Indian TV series)|So You Think You Can Dance]]''. He made his web debut with ''[[I Don't Watch TV (web series)|I Don't Watch TV]]'' (2016) and has been part of successful web series including ''[[XXX (web series)|XXX]]'' (2018) and ''[[Cartel (web series)|Cartel]]'' (2021).

In addition to his acting career, Dhanjani has won reality shows such as ''[[Nach Baliye 6]]'', with his then partner Asha Negi and ''[[I Can Do That (Indian TV series)|I Can Do That]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/web-series/rithvik-dhanjani-the-industry-has-become-more-accepting-now-101652016259947-amp.html |title=Exclusive - Rithvik Dhanjani: The industry has become more accepting now |website=Hindustan Times |date=8 May 2022 |access-date=10 May 2022}}</ref>

== Early life ==
Dhanjani was born on 5 November 1988 in Mandsaur, [[Madhya Pradesh]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://photogallery.indiatimes.com/rithvik-dhanjanis-portfolio-pics/articleshow/20382392.cms |title=Rithvik Dhanjani, this middle-class boy from Madhya Pradesh has showcased his talent in all the given platform |access-date=13 February 2016 |work=India Times}}</ref> His family, who's [[Sindhis|Sindhi]], moved to [[Dubai]] soon after he was born.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://twitter.com/rithvik_RD/status/737907810810335232 |quote=I am a Sindhi and totally proud to be one, so like business is in my genes, and this could totally be me |title=Rithvik Dhanjani on Twitter @rithvik_RD |publisher=[[Twitter]] |access-date=1 June 2018}}</ref><ref name=earlylife>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/things-you-didnt-know-about-rithvik-dhanjani/photostory/49670108.cms |title=Things you didn't know about Rithvik Dhanjani |work=The Times of India |access-date=13 February 2016}}</ref> He has a younger sister named Heena Dhanjani.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-take-inspiration-from-tv-stars-on-gift-ideas-this-raksha-bandhan-2119554 |title=Take inspiration from TV stars on gift ideas this Raksha Bandhan |work=DNA India |access-date=13 February 2016}}</ref> He did his schooling in Dubai and complete his graduation from City of London College, [[London]]. In his college days, he was into acting, modeling and hosting shows.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-rithvik-dhanjani-lists-12-things-that-we-didn-t-know-about-him-1809631 |title=Rithvik Dhanjani lists 12 things that we didn't know about him |work=DNA India |access-date=13 February 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.jansatta.com/photos/picture-gallery/tv-actors-education-ram-kapoor-rithvik-dhanjani-to-kushal-tandon-these-tv-actors-are-foreign-educated/2446652/lite/ |title=Ram Kapoor, Rithvik Dhanjani to Kushal Tandon: These TV actors are educated in foreign |work=Jansatta - Indian Express |date=29 October 2022 |access-date=31 October 2022}}</ref>

Later, Dhanjani got involved in theater for as long as two and a half years. After doing theatre and events in [[Dubai]], he decided to shift to [[Mumbai]] to become an actor.<ref name="earlylife"/> He then did an acting course from the [[Kishore Namit Kapoor]] Institute before entering the television industry.<ref name="earlylife"/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/lifestyle-10-things-i-love-about-my-neighbourhood-rithvik-dhanjani-2092607 |title=10 things I love about my neighbourhood - Rithvik Dhanjani |date=5 June 2015 |work=DNA India |access-date=13 February 2016}}</ref>

== Career ==
=== Debut and early roles (2009–2012) ===
Dhanjani began his acting career with a cameo in ''[[Bandini (TV series)|Bandini]]'' in 2009, where he played Parth, a negative character.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://zeenews.india.com/entertainment/idiotbox/popularity-matters-a-lot-on-nach-baliye-rithvik-dhanjani_149892.html |title=Popularity matters a lot on 'Nach Baliye': Rithvik Dhanjani |work=Zee News |access-date=13 February 2016}}</ref> He then portrayed supporting parts of Prithvi Pundir in ''[[Bairi Piya (TV series)|Bairi Piya]]'' from 2009 to 2010<ref>{{cite web |title= Bairi Priya: Color's New Show on Vidharba Farmers' Plight |url=http://www.news18.com/videos/india/bairi-piya-325201.html |work=News18 |access-date=10 May 2012}}</ref> and Partho Rawal in ''[[Tere Liye (TV series)|Tere Liye]]'' in 2010.<ref>{{cite news |title=Harshad-Anupriya in Tere Liye |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/news-archive/web/harshadanupriya-in-tere-liye/ |access-date=19 March 2021 |work=The Indian Express |date=4 June 2010 |language=en}}</ref>

He had his big break with ''[[Pyaar Kii Ye Ek Kahaani]]'' where he played the antagonist, Jay Khurana from 2010 to 2011, who was a werewolf and in love with [[Sukirti Kandpal]]'s character.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://zeenews.india.com/entertainment/idiotbox/rithvik-dhanjani-wants-new-season-of-pyaar-kii-ye-ek-kahaani_131789.html|title=Rithvik Dhanjani wants new season of 'Pyaar Kii Ye Ek Kahaani'|work=Zee News|access-date=13 February 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Pyaar-Kii-Ye-Ek-Kahaani-to-end/articleshow/10666844.cms|title=Pyaar Kii Ye Ek Kahaani to end?|work=The Times of India|date=10 November 2011 |access-date=13 February 2016}}</ref> In 2011, he made his film debut with ''[[Jo Hum Chahein]]'', portraying Akash. The film received mixed to negative reviews and was a box-office failure. He also worked in the short film, ''Aftermath'' portraying Ali.<ref>{{cite web|title=CNN-IBN Movie Review|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/masand-jo-hum-is-a-decent-first-effort/212593-47-84.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120103193359/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/masand-jo-hum-is-a-decent-first-effort/212593-47-84.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=3 January 2012|accessdate =16 December 2011}}</ref>

In June 2012 Rithvik entered ''[[Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa|Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa 5]]'' as wild card entry and became the second runner up.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Rashmi-is-tough-competition-Rithvik-Dhanjani/articleshow/16394738.cms |title=Rashmi is tough competition: Rithvik Dhanjani |work=The Times of India |date=14 September 2012 |access-date=15 March 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://hindustantimes.com/television/i-hope-to-win-jhalak-dikhhla-jaa-rithvik-dhanjani/article1-1150699.aspx |title=I hope to win Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa: Rithvik Dhanjani |work=Hindustan Times |access-date=10 July 2015 }}{{Dead link|date=January 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}</ref>

=== Establishment as an actor and presenter (2013-2019) ===
[[File:Ekta Kapoor introduces the new cast of Pavitra Rishta.jpg|thumb|Dhanjani with ''[[Pavitra Rishta]]'''s team]]

Dhanjani's portrayal of Arjun Digvijay Kirloskar opposite [[Asha Negi]] in [[Balaji Telefilms]]'s ''[[Pavitra Rishta]]'' proved as a major turning point in his career.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://photogallery.indiatimes.com/rithvik-dhanjanis-portfolio-pics/articleshow/20382407.cms |title=Rithvik Dhanjani: Actor who charmed the audience with Arjun Digvijay Kirloskar |work=The Times of India |access-date=17 February 2017}}</ref> He portrayed the character from 2011 to 2014.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Asha-Rithvik-to-quit-Pavitra-Rishta-Asha-Rithvik-has-finally-decided-to-quit-the-daily-soap-/articleshow/29449637.cms |title=Exclusive - Asha Negi-Rithvik Dhanjani to quit Pavitra Rishta?|work=The Times of India |date=27 January 2014 |access-date=13 February 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=As Pavitra Rishta clocks 10 years, Ekta Kapoor, says the show revived her career |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/as-pavitra-rishta-clocks-10-years-ekta-kapoor-gets-nostalgic-says-the-show-revived-her-career/articleshow/69612598.cms |website=The Times of India |date=June 2019 |access-date=2 June 2019}}</ref> Dhanjani got several nominations for his portrayal and won the [[Indian Telly Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Eight years of Pavitra Rishta: Here's what the cast of the show is doing now |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/ten-years-of-pavitra-rishta-heres-what-the-cast-of-the-show-is-doing-now/photostory/58944101.cms |website=Times Of India |access-date=20 December 2019}}</ref>

In 2013, he hosted ''[[India's Best Dramebaaz]]'' with [[Ragini Khanna]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/back-with-drama/article7941919.ece|title=India's Best Dramebaaz: Back with drama|author=S. M. AAMIR|work=The Hindu|date=2 December 2015 |access-date=13 February 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ibnlive.com/news/india/jhalak-dikhhla-jaa-6-rithvik-dhanjani-lauren-gottlieb-punit-pathak-turn-judges-633801.html|title=Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa 6: Rithvik Dhanjani, Lauren Gottlieb, Punit Pathak turn judges|work=IBNLive|access-date=13 February 2016|archive-date=16 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160116121339/http://www.ibnlive.com/news/india/jhalak-dikhhla-jaa-6-rithvik-dhanjani-lauren-gottlieb-punit-pathak-turn-judges-633801.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> From 2013 to 2015, he hosted two seasons of ''[[Yeh Hai Aashiqui]]'', which gained him further praises.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Bindass.com: Yeh Hai Aashiqui Season 1, hosted by Vikrant Massey and Rithvik Dhanjani|url=http://www.bindass.com/shows/yeh-hai-aashiqui/1|publisher=Bindass.com|access-date=24 July 2016|archive-date=27 June 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160627022950/http://www.bindass.com/shows/yeh-hai-aashiqui/1|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Yeh-Hai-Aashiqui-returns-with-a-new-name/articleshow/47481959.cms |title='Yeh Hai Aashiqui' returns with a new name; Siyappa Ishq Ka |work=The Times of India |date=June 2015 |access-date=13 February 2016}}</ref> In 2013, he also portrayed Kabir, opposite [[Mihika Verma]] in an episode of ''Yeh hai Aashiqui''.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Mihika Verma and Rithvik Dhanjani bags Yeh Hai Aashiqui |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/bindaas-yeh-hai-aashiqui-mihika-verma-lost-boy-productions/articleshow/22746667.cms |newspaper=Times of India |date=19 September 2013 |access-date=19 September 2015}}</ref> In 2015, he and Negi recreated their love story in the final episode of Season 1.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rithvik Dhanjani, Asha Negi shared their love story in Yeh Hai Aashiqui's finale episode |work=Indian Express |date=16 December 2015 |access-date=16 December 2015 |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/rithvik-dhanjani-asha-negi-shared-their-love-story-on-yeh-hai-aashiqui/lite/}}</ref>

The same year, he participated in ''[[Nach Baliye 6]]'' with his then partner [[Asha Negi]] and they emerged as the winners.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/tvs-hit-couple-rithvik-and-asha-negi-win-nach-baliye-6/|title=TV's hit couple Rithvik and Asha Negi win 'Nach Baliye 6'|date=2 February 2014|work=The Indian Express|access-date=13 February 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/review/review-nach-baliye-6-needs-more-sizzle/20131111.htm | title=Review: Nach Baliye 6 needs more sizzle! | work=[[Rediff.com]] | date=11 November 2013 | access-date=12 November 2013 | author=Sharma, Paloma}}</ref> In 2014, he portrayed Vidhyut in ''[[MTV Fanaah]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.abplive.in/television/the-supernatural-series-fanaah-51575 |title=The supernatural series MTV Fanaah |work=ABP Live |access-date=13 February 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160225003152/https://www.abplive.in/television/the-supernatural-series-fanaah-51575 |archive-date=25 February 2016 }}</ref> In the same year, he participated in the dance reality show ''[[Dare 2 Dance]]'' and hosted the finale episode of ''[[India's Raw Star]]''.<ref>Chaya Unnikrishnan, [http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-dare-2-dance-novel-concept-amazing-performers-2017326 "Dare 2 Dance: Novel concept, amazing performers"], ''DNA'', 10 September 2014</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Goswami|first1=Parismita|title='India's Raw Star': Honey Singh Picks 10 Contestants for his Debut TV Reality Show [PHOTOS]|url=http://www.ibtimes.co.in/indias-raw-star-honey-singh-picks-10-contestants-his-debut-tv-reality-show-photos-606879|work=International Business Times, India Edition|agency=International Business Times|publisher=Ibtimes|date=14 Aug 2014|language=en}}</ref> He hosted a variety of shows such as ''[[Channel V|V Distraction]]'' and ''[[Nach Baliye 7]]'' with [[Karan Patel]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/v-distractions-funniest-moments/photostory/46444826.cms |title=V Distraction's funniest moments |publisher=The Indian Express |date=2 February 2015 |access-date=16 March 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/top-stories/story/rithvik-dhanjani-karan-patel-to-host-nach-baliye-7-248714-2015-04-15|title=Rithvik Dhanjani, Karan Patel to host Nach Baliye 7|date=15 April 2015 |access-date=13 February 2016}}</ref>

Dhanjani emerged as the winner of the stunt based reality show ''[[I Can Do That (Indian TV series)|I Can Do That]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/rithvik-dhanjani-declared-winner-of-i-can-do-that/|title=Rithvik Dhanjani declared winner of stunt show 'I Can Do That'|date=23 November 2015|work=The Indian Express|access-date=13 February 2016}}</ref> He has also hosted ''[[India's Best Dramebaaz|India's Best Dramebaaz (Season 2)]]'' the same year.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/what-s-hot/story/when-rithvik-dhajani-impressed-everyone-by-playing-flute-on-indias-best-dramebaaz-307530-2016-02-07|title=WATCH! Rithvik Dhanjani's surprise performance on India's Best Dramebaaz|date=7 February 2016 |access-date=13 February 2016}}</ref> Dhanjani hosted four shows in 2016 including ''[[Zee TV|Pyaar Ki Yeh Kahani Suno]]'',<ref name="RDAH" /> ''[[So You Think You Can Dance (Indian TV series)|So You Think You Can Dance]]'', ''Man Vs. Job''<ref name="RRDD" /> and ''[[Super Dancer|Super Dancer (Chapter 1)]]''. Dhanjani nade his web debut with ''[[I Don't Watch TV (web series)|I Don't Watch TV]]'' in 2016.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/WATCH-Nakuul-Mehtas-new-web-series-I-Dont-Watch-TV-IDWT/articleshow/50961945.cms|title=WATCH: Nakuul Mehta's new web-series 'I Don't Watch TV' (IDWT)|newspaper=Times of India|date=12 February 2016 |access-date=15 February 2016}}</ref>

In 2017, he first hosted ''Aye Zindagi'' and then participated in ''[[Fear Factor: Khatron Ke Khiladi 8]]'' and ended at 7th place.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/khatron-ke-khiladi-season-8-begins-tonight-nia-sharma-rithvik-dhanjani-look-promising/story-ammUpN8kofQ1E9UDrl7fxI.html |title=Khatron Ke Khiladi season 8 begins tonight: Nia Sharma, Rithvik Dhanjani look promising |work=Hindustan Times |access-date=23 July 2017}}</ref> He also participated in ''[[Lip Sing Battle]]''.<ref>{{cite news|title=Farah Khan's reality show Lip Sing Battle to go OFF AIR|url=http://www.abplive.in/television/farah-khans-reality-show-lip-sing-battle-to-go-off-air-598470?rs_type=internal&rs_origin=section&rs_medium=article&rs_index=13|accessdate=6 November 2017|publisher=[[ABP News]]}}</ref> From 2017 to 2018, he hosted ''[[Super Dancer|Super Dancer (Chapter 2)]]'', for which he won [[Gold Awards|Gold Award for Best Anchor]], and ''[[Colors TV|Rasoi Ki Jung Mummyon Ke Sung]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rithvik Dhanjani says 'took up television' after first film got shelved - Exclusive |work=India Today |date=10 June 2022 |access-date=12 June 2022 |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/celebrity/story/rithvik-dhanjani-says-took-up-television-after-first-film-got-shelved-exclusive-1960790-2022-06-10}}</ref> He hosted, ''[[India's Next Superstars]]'' and ''[[India's Got Talent season 8|India's Got Talent 8]]'' in 2018.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2018-04-07|title=Exclusive{{!}} Aman Gandotra, Natasha Bharadwaj and Shruti Sharma were declared winners of India's Next Superstars|language=en-US|work=The Indian Express|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/indias-next-superstars-winners-aman-gandotra-natasha-bharadwaj-5127299/|access-date=2018-04-08}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.thelivemirror.com/indias-got-talent-season-8-go-air-october/ | title= India's Got Talent Season 8 to go on air in October | first=Saumya | last=Gourisaria | publisher=The Live Mirror | date=23 August 2018 | accessdate=4 May 2021 }}</ref>

Dhanjani portrayed Shivam Chaturvedi, opposite [[Anita Hassanandani]] in ''[[Galti Se Mis-Tech]]''.<ref>[https://www.mid-day.com/articles/rithvik-dhanjani-and-anita-hassanandani-play-modern-day-couple-in-galti-se-mis-tech/19201165 Rithvik Dhanjani And Anita Hassanandani Play Modern-Day Couple In Galti Se Mis-Tech Mid Day 10 October 2019]</ref> It received positive reviews.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/galti-se-mis-tech-first-impression-rithvik-dhanjani-anita-hassanandani-5141298/ | title=Galti Se Mis-Tech first impression: Rithvik Dhanjani-Anita Hassanandani's quirky web series makes for a fun watch | newspaper=The Indian Express | first=Sana | last=Farzeen | date= 18 April 2018 | accessdate=5 June 2022 }}</ref> He portrayed Mayank in ''[[XXX (web series)|XXX]]'', both in 2018.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/2906164|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150215114328/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/2906164|url-status=dead|archive-date=15 February 2015|title=XXX - Trailer, Cast, Videos, Reviews..|work=Bollywood Hungama|access-date=15 May 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/fir-filed-against-ekta-kapoor-in-madhya-pradesh-for-her-web-series-xxx-alleging-insult-to-national-emblem-army/story-WOtwtVhdSJNGvKH9XRvQbM.html|title=FIR filed against Ekta Kapoor in Madhya Pradesh for her web series XXX alleging insult to national emblem|website=Hindustan times|date=6 June 2020 }}</ref> He hosted ''[[Super Dancer|Super Dancer Chapter 3]]'' from 2018 to 2019.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.theman.in/fashion/actor-rithvik-dhanjani-style-tips-experiment-with-your-wardrobe.html |title=Actor Rithvik Dhanjani's fashion tips for men: It's time to experiment with your wardrobe |website=The Man |access-date=1 November 2022}}</ref>

=== Expansion and career progression (2020-present) ===
Dhanjani participated in ''[[Fear Factor: Khatron Ke Khiladi – Made in India]]'' in 2020. He stood at 7th place and quit the show midway.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Rohit Shetty to host India edition of 'Khatron Ke Khiladi'|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/hindi/2020/jul/24/rohit-shetty-to-host-india-edition-of-khatron-ke-khiladi-2174303.html|access-date=2020-07-27|website=The New Indian Express|date=24 July 2020 }}</ref> The same year, he appeared in ''Lockdown Rishtey'', as a presenter.<ref>{{Cite news |title='Lockdown Rishtey' promises to impress by exploring the deeper parts of different relationships |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/web-series/news/lockdown-rishtey-promises-to-impress-by-exploring-the-deeper-parts-of-different-relationships/articleshow/78809518.cms |access-date=25 December 2020 |website=Times of India |date=22 October 2020 |language=en}}</ref> He then appeared in ''[[Ladies vs Gentlemen]]'' as panelist.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Bhasin|first=Shriya|date=2020-11-17|title=Genelia, hubby Riteish Deshmukh to turn host for new show 'Ladies Vs Gentlemen'|url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/celebrities/genelia-hubby-riteish-deshmukh-to-turn-host-for-new-show-ladies-vs-gentlemen-665542|access-date=2020-11-18|website=India TV|language=en}}</ref>

In 2021, He hosted ''[[Super Dancer|Super Dancer 4]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |title="The amount and variety of talent is unbeatable on Super Dancer", says Rithvik Dhanjani |access-date=22 March 2021 |work=Bollywood Hungama |date=18 March 2021 |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/amount-variety-talent-unbeatable-super-dancer-says-rithvik-dhanjani/}}</ref> Dhanjani next portrayed Abhay Angre opposite [[Monica Dogra]] in 2021 series ''[[Cartel (TV series)|Cartel]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-08-08|title=A story of revenge and power - Meet the 'Angre Family' of ALT Balaji's 'Cartel'|url=https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/web-series/article/a-story-of-revenge-and-power-meet-the-angre-family-of-cartel-23186868|access-date=2021-08-18|website=Mid Day|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title='Cartel' Trailer Video: Supriya Pathak and Rithvik Dhanjani starrer 'Cartel' Official Trailer Video|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/web-series/mx-play/hindi/cartel-trailer-video-supriya-pathak-and-rithvik-dhanjani-starrer-cartel-official-trailer-video/videoshow/85367046.cms|access-date=2021-08-18|newspaper=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref> Joginder Tuteja for ''[[ABP News]]'' noted, "Rithvik is a find. When ''Cartel'' begins, it takes time to adapt to his character and mannerisms. However as the series progresses, you get the ‘sur’ of him, something that unleashes big time towards the terrific climax."<ref>{{cite news |last=Tuteja |first=Joginder |title=Review: Cartel Is A Gangster Drama With A Difference, Works Quite Well Due To Its Family Setup |url=https://news.abplive.com/movie-review/entertainment/movies-review-cartel-is-a-gangster-drama-with-a-difference-works-quite-well-due-to-its-family-setup-1478792 |access-date=15 December 2022 |work=[[ABP News]] |date=27 August 2021 |language=en}}</ref>

Dhanjani in 2022, appeared in the short film, ''Arranged'', portraying Tarun opposite [[Tridha Choudhury]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rithvik Dhanjani and Tridha Choudhury to star in Amazon mini TV's short film 'Arranged' |url=https://m.tribuneindia.com/news/lifestyle/compatible-or-not-380587 |access-date=29 March 2022 |work=Tribune India}}</ref> Praising his performance, Archika Khurana wrote, "Both, Tridha’s Richa and Rithvik’s Tarun are the most appealing and well-written characters of the film. Onscreen, they get along well, and their genuine and sincere performances contribute to the story's relatability."<ref>{{Cite web |title=Arranged Review: Rithvik Dhanjani and Tridha Choudhury shine in this thought-provoking drama |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/web-series/reviews/hindi/arranged/ottmoviereview/90434182.cms |access-date=31 March 2022 |work=Times of India}}</ref> The same year, he hosted Global Excellence Awards and [[Indian Film Festival of Melbourne]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=GEA 2022: Rithvik Dhanjani set to host the Global Excellence Awards 2022, is excited about having a nice conversation with awardees |url=https://www.aninews.in/news/business/business/gea-2022-rithvik-dhanjani-set-to-host-the-global-excellence-awards-2022-is-excited-about-having-a-nice-conversation-with-awardees20220325143321/ |access-date=26 March 2022 |work=ANI News}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Exclusive - Rithvik Dhanjani to host Indian Film Festival Of Melbourne Awards 2022 |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/celebrity/story/rithvik-dhanjani-to-host-indian-film-festival-of-melbourne-awards-2022-1983650-2022-08-04 |access-date=6 August 2022 |work=India Today|date=4 August 2022 }}</ref>

In 2023, Dhanjani appeared in an interactive film ''Lost and Found in Singapore'' opposite [[Apoorva Arora]]. It was released on [[MX Player]]. That year, he also appeared in an episode of the mini series ''Butterflies''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rithvik Dhanjani calls working on 'Lost and Found in Singapore', an 'Immersive Experience' |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/art-entertainment/rithvik-dhanjani-calls-working-on-lost-and-found-in-singapore-an-immersive-experience--news-316729/amp |access-date=22 September 2023 |work=Outlook India|date=8 September 2023 }}</ref>

Dhanjani began 2024 with the reality show ''Aapka Apna Zakir'', where he appeared as a panel member.<ref>{{Cite news|last=|first=|date=26 August 2024|title=Aapka Apna Zakir, Aug 25: Rithvik Dhanjani reveals his trick to impress girls; says, 'Seekh liya par ladki…'|url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/tv/news/aapka-apna-zakir-aug-25-rithvik-dhanjani-reveals-his-trick-to-impress-girls-says-seekh-liya-par-ladki-1342770?amp|access-date=28 August 2024|work=Pinkvilla|language=en}}</ref> Following this, he played Ved in the second season of ''Half Love Half Arranged'' opposite [[Maanvi Gagroo]].<ref name="Half Love Half Arranged">{{Cite news|title=Trailer of Karan Wahi, Maanvi Gagroo-starrer 'Half Love Half Arranged' season 2 out, Rithvikk Dhanjani joins the cast|url=https://theprint.in/feature/trailer-of-karan-wahi-maanvi-gagroo-starrer-half-love-half-arranged-season-2-out-rithvikk-dhanjani-joins-the-cast/2351080/?amp|access-date=12 November 2024|work=The Print|language=en}}</ref> Bhawna Arya stated, "Rithvik's Ved has our heart, the innocence in his character is clearly intriguing and he plays his part flawlessly."<ref>{{Cite news|title=Half Love Half Arranged S2 Review: Maanvi Gagroo, Karan Wahi and Rithvik Dhanjani shine in relatable yet tangled love saga|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/reviews/half-love-half-arranged-s2-review-maanvi-gagroo-karan-wahi-and-rithvik-dhanjani-shine-in-relatable-yet-tangled-love-saga-review-115308161/amp|access-date=15 November 2024|work=Times Now|language=en}}</ref>

== Personal life ==
Dhanjani met actress [[Asha Negi]] on the set of ''[[Pavitra Rishta]]'' in 2011 and later they began dating.<ref name=toi2>{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tv/news/Rithvik-Dhanjani-and-Asha-Negi-promote-Nach-Baliye-6/articleshow/24045635.cms |title=Rithvik Dhanjani and girlfriend Asha Negi promote 'Nach Baliye 6' |work=The Times of India |date=13 October 2013 |access-date=16 December 2014}}</ref><ref name="love">{{cite web |url=https://www.idiva.com/relationships-love/love-stories/the-love-story-of-tv-actors-rithvik-dhanjani-and-asha-negi/17075420 |title=Rithvik Dhanjani & Asha Negi's love story is filmy and full of surprises |access-date=19 November 2018 |work=Idiva|date=5 April 2018}}</ref> Dhanjani and Negi parted ways in May 2020, after 7 years of relationship.<ref name="breakup">{{Cite web |title=Rithvik Dhanjani on break-up with Asha Negi: 'I am in a great place; she is in a beautiful place' |access-date=21 October 2021 |work=India TV News |date=20 August 2021 |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/tv/rithvik-dhanjani-on-break-up-with-asha-negi-i-am-in-a-great-place-she-is-in-a-beautiful-place-727757}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/asha-negi-confirms-break-up-with-rithvik-dhanjani-says-she-will-always-have-love-and-compassion-for-him/story-anjBdLhZ4xUkF27TrfrNKO.html|title=Asha Negi confirms break-up with Rithvik Dhanjani, says she will always have 'love and compassion' for him|date=3 July 2020|access-date=10 September 2020|work=Hindustan Times}}</ref>

== Other work and public image ==
[[File:Rithvik Dhanjani-R. D.jpg|thumb|Dhanjani in 2015]]

Dhanjani along with his ''[[Cartel (web series)|Cartel]]'' team, joined a project named, "JO FO MO" with a [[Non-governmental organization|NGO]]
to help the charity organizations raise funds for the [[migrant workers]], during the [[COVID-19 pandemic]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Exclusive - Rithvik Dhanjani associates with a social initiative to help fight COVID-19! |work=Bollywood Hungama|date=16 May 2020 |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/rithvik-dhanjani-associates-social-initiative-help-fight-covid-19/ |access-date=16 May 2022}}</ref> He has ramp walked in the [[Indian Television Academy Awards|ITA Creators Walk]] in 2017<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rocking the creative ramp |work=Tribune India |archive-date=3 June 2014 |access-date=25 July 2018 |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/lifestyle/chatter-box-453192 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140603151522/https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/lifestyle/chatter-box-453192}}</ref> and has been the [[cover model]] for several magazines such as Zing Magazine and Gr8 Magazine, where he featured with [[Asha Negi]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dhanjani on Zing Magazine |work=Zing Magazine |archive-date=3 June 2014 |access-date=6 February 2019 |url=http://www.zingmag.com/2013/may/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140603151522/http://www.zingmag.com/2013/may/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Rithvik and Asha on Gr8 |work=Gr8 Mag |archive-date=3 June 2014 |access-date=5 May 2019 |url=https://www.gr8mag.com/posts.php?id=4737 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140603151522/https://www.gr8mag.com/posts.php?id=4737}}</ref>

Dhanjani ranked 15th in 2013 in ''[[Eastern Eye]]'''s 50 Sexiest Asian Men list.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ali Zafar beats Hrithik Roshan to 'Sexiest Asian Man On The Planet' title |date=12 December 2013 |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/131211/entertainment-bollywood/article/ali-zafar-beats-hrithik-roshan-sexiest-asian-man-planet-title |work=Deccan Chronicle |access-date=24 May 2022}}</ref> In the same list, he ranked 21st in 2014 and 20th in 2015.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/education-today/gk-&-current-affairs/story/50-sexiest-asian-men-277884-2015-12-18 |title=50 Sexiest Asian Men: Hrithik Roshan, Shah Rukh Khan and many Indian actors in the list |work=The Times of India |language=en |access-date=24 May 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=PTI |date=17 December 2015 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Hrithik-Roshan-named-second-sexiest-Asian-man/articleshow/50214619.cms|title=Hrithik Roshan named second sexiest Asian man |work=The Times of India |language=en |access-date=24 May 2018}}</ref> In ''[[Times of India]]''{{'}}s Most Desirable Men on TV list, he was placed 13th in 2017.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Meet The Times 20 Most Desirable Men on TV, 2017 |work=Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/meet-the-times-20-most-desirable-men-on-tv/articleshow/64223234.cms |date=19 May 2018 |access-date=24 May 2022}}</ref> Apart from acting, Dhanjani is a celebrity endorser for several brands and products, including [[Vivo (technology company)|Vivo]]. He also featured in [[Amazon (company)|Amazon Audible]]'s ad film with [[Nakuul Mehta]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rithvik Dhanjani and Nakuul Mehta feature in Audible's latest ad films - WATCH |work=Economics Times |url=https://brandequity.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/advertising/rithvik-dhanjani-and-nakuul-mehta-feature-in-audibles-latest-ad-films/87871086 |access-date=24 November 2021}}</ref> In 2024, Dhanjani started his own clothing line, named RDX.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rithvikk Dhanjani launches new venture RDX on his birthday; says, "Starting this on my birthday is deeply symbolic for me" |work=Bollywood Hungama |date=5 November 2024 |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/rithvikk-dhanjani-launches-new-venture-rdx-birthday-says-starting-birthday-deeply-symbolic/ |access-date=10 November 2024}}</ref>

== Filmography ==

{{Pending films key}}

=== Films ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Title
! Role
! class="unsortable"| Notes
! class="unsortable"| Ref.
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2011
| ''[[Jo Hum Chahein]]''
| Aakash
|
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{cite news|title=First Look: 'Jo Hum Chahein'|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/first-look-ex-miss-india-in-jo-hum-chahein/200077-8-161.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120129225538/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/first-look-ex-miss-india-in-jo-hum-chahein/200077-8-161.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=29 January 2012|access-date=9 November 2011|newspaper=[[CNN-IBN]]|date=7 November 2011}}</ref>
|-
| ''Aftermath''
| Ali
| rowspan="2" | Short film
|
|-
| 2022
| ''Arranged''
| Tarun
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{Cite web|title='Arranged' short film: Three BIG reasons why you should watch this mushy Rithvik Dhanjani-starrer|url=https://zeenews.india.com/entertainment/web-series/arranged-short-film-three-big-reasons-why-you-should-watch-this-mushy-rithvik-dhanjani-starrer-2447915.html/amp|work=Zee News|accessdate=25 March 2022}}</ref>
|-
| 2023
| ''Lost and Found in Singapore''
| Dhruv
|
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{Cite web|title=WATCH! Lost & Found In Singapore - Official trailer starring Rithvik Dhanjani and Apoorva Arora |url=https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=kEJmfvCT4Xk |work=MX Player - Youtube| date=21 August 2023 |accessdate=22 August 2023}}</ref>
|}

=== Television ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Title
! Role
! class="unsortable"| Notes
! class="unsortable"| Ref.
|-
| 2010–2011
| ''[[Bandini (TV series)|Bandini]]''
| Parth Shashank Mehta
|
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{cite web|url=http://photogallery.indiatimes.com/ive-proved-myself-as-complete-package-rithvik/Ive-proved-myself-as-complete-package-Rithvik-Dhanjani/articleshow/16668638.cms|title=Rithvik, who has earlier been part of TV soaps like "Bandini" and "Pyaar Kii Ye Ek Kahaani", is seen as Arjun Kirloskar in "Pavitra Rishta"|work=India Times|accessdate=10 May 2016}}</ref>
|-
| 2009–2010
| ''[[Bairi Piya (TV series)|Bairi Piya]]''
| Prithvi Pundir
|
|
|-
| 2010
| ''[[Tere Liye (TV series)|Tere Liye]]''
| Partho Rawal
|
|
|-
| 2010–2011
| ''[[Pyaar Kii Ye Ek Kahaani]]''
| Jeh Khurana
|
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/photos/vivian-dsena/pyaar-kii-ye-ek-kahaani-cast-photos-then-and-now-will-surprise-you-their-transformation-check-it-out-516482%3famp|title=Then and Now: Vivian Dsena to Rithvik Dhanjani, Pyaar Kii Ye Ek Kahaani cast's transformation over the years|work=Pinkvilla|date=19 March 2020}}</ref>
|-
| 2011–2014
| ''[[Pavitra Rishta]]''
| Arjun Digvijay Kirloskar
|
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/soapboxs-new-screen-jodis-are-amping-the-romance-quotient/articleshow/15326964.cms |title=Soapbox's new screen jodis are amping the romance quotient|newspaper=Times of India |access-date=3 August 2012}}</ref>
|-
| 2012
| ''[[Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa season 5|Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa 5]]''
| Contestant
| 2nd runner-up
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{cite web|url=http://daily.bhaskar.com/article/ENT-rithvik-dhanjani-karan-wahi-and-rashmi-desai-are-the-wild-card-entries-in-jhalak-dikhlaa-jaa-358.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120802021521/http://daily.bhaskar.com/article/ENT-rithvik-dhanjani-karan-wahi-and-rashmi-desai-are-the-wild-card-entries-in-jhalak-dikhlaa-jaa-358.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=2 August 2012 |title=Rithvik Dhanjani, Karan Wahi and Rashmi Desai are the wild card entries in 'Jhalak Dikhlaa Jaa' |publisher=daily.bhaskar.com |date=2012-07-28 |access-date=2012-10-28}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2"|2013
| ''[[India's Best Dramebaaz]]''
| Host
|
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-rithvik-dhanjani-ragini-khanna-get-dramebaaz-1795676|title=Rithvik Dhanjani, Ragini Khanna get 'dramebaaz'|date=3 February 2013|work=dna|access-date=13 February 2016}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="2"|''[[Yeh Hai Aashiqui]]''
| Kabir
| Episode: "Lights, Camera, Heartbreak"
|
|-
| 2013–2015
| Host
| Episodes 14-94
|
|-
| 2013–2014
| ''[[Nach Baliye|Nach Baliye 6]]''
| Contestant
| Winner
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/tvs-hit-couple-rithvik-and-asha-negi-win-nach-baliye-6/ |title=TV's hit couple Rithvik and Asha Negi win 'Nach Baliye 6′ |publisher=The Indian Express |date=2 February 2014 |access-date=16 March 2014}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3" | 2014
| ''[[MTV Fanaah]]''
| Vidhyut
|
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Rithvik-Dhanjani-turns-werewolf-for-his-TV-show/articleshow/37580673.cms|title=Rithvik Dhanjani turns werewolf for his TV show|work=The Times of India|date=July 2014 }}</ref>
|-
| ''[[India's Raw Star]]''
| Host
| Finale episode
|
|-
| ''[[Dare 2 Dance]]''
| rowspan="2" | Contestant
|
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{cite web|url=http://m.mid-day.com/articles/rithvik-dhanjani-sayantani-ghosh-shoot-for-dare-2-dance/15562171|title=Rithvik Dhanjani, Sayantani Ghosh shoot for 'Dare 2 Dance' - Entertainment|work=mid-day.com|date=28 August 2014 }}</ref>
|-
| 2014–2015
| ''Box Cricket League 1''
|
| style="text-align:center;" |
|-
| rowspan="6" | 2015
| ''[[Yeh Hai Aashiqui]]''
| Himself
| Episode: "Onscreen Offscreen"
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Rithvik-Ashas-love-story-recreated-on-TV/articleshow/46324122.cms|title=Rithvik-Asha's love story recreated on TV|work=The Times of India|date=23 February 2015 |access-date=13 February 2016}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[India Poochega Sabse Shaana Kaun?]]''
| Contestant
| Episode 4
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Karan-Wahi-and-Rithvik-forced-to-watch-Saas-Bahu-shows/articleshow/46687348.cms|title=Karan Wahi and Rithvik Dhanjani forced to watch Saas Bahu shows!|work=The Times of India|date=25 March 2015 |access-date=13 February 2016}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Channel V|V Distraction]]''
| rowspan="3" | Host
|
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Rithvik-Dhanjani-steps-into-Jimmy-Carrs-shoes/articleshow/45704181.cms|title=Rithvik Dhanjani steps into Jimmy Carr's shoes to host V Distraction|work=The Times of India|date=2 January 2015 }}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Nach Baliye|Nach Baliye 7]]''
|
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Rithvik-Karan-excited-to-co-host-Nach-Baliye-7/articleshow/46919491.cms |archive-url=https://archive.today/20160319124912/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Rithvik-Karan-excited-to-co-host-Nach-Baliye-7/articleshow/46919491.cms |url-status=dead |archive-date=19 March 2016 |title=Rithvik, Karan 'excited' to co-host 'Nach Baliye 7' |publisher=The Indian Express |date=2 May 2015 |access-date=16 May 2015}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Yeh Hai Aashiqui|Yeh Hai Aashiqui Siyappa Ishq Ka]]''
|
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/siyappa-ishq-ka-to-explore-craziness-in-love/|title='Siyappa Ishq Ka' to explore 'craziness in love'|date=10 June 2015|work=The Indian Express|access-date=13 February 2016}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[I Can Do That (Indian TV series)|I Can Do That]]''
| Contestant
| Winner
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{cite news |title=Rithvik Dhanjani defeats Gurmeet Choudhary to win 'I Can Do That' |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/bollywood/i-can-do-that-winner-rithvik-dhanjani-25320.html |access-date=3 December 2018 |work=India TV News |date=23 November 2015}}</ref>
|-
| 2015–2016
| ''[[India's Best Dramebaaz]]''
| Host
|
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/in-out-tv-celebs-onboard-quit-or-kicked-out/photostory/47497504.cms|title=In & Out: TV celebs onboard, quit or kicked out|work=The Times of India|date=22 September 2015|access-date=13 February 2016}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="5" | 2016
| ''Box Cricket League 2''
| Contestant
|
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/200-Actors-10-Teams-and-1-Winner-Let-The-Game-Begin/articleshow/50219718.cms|title=200 Actors, 10 Teams, and 1 Winner... Let The Game Begin|work=The Times of India|date=18 December 2015 |access-date=4 March 2016}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Zee TV|Pyaar Ki Yeh Kahani Suno]]''
| rowspan="5" | Host
|
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref name="RDAH">{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Rithvik-and-Asha-to-host-ZEE-TVs-Valentines-Day-Special-Pyaar-Ki-Yeh-Kahani-Suno/articleshow/50974395.cms|title=Rithvik and Asha to host ZEE TV's Valentine's Day Special – 'Pyaar Ki Yeh Kahani Suno'|work=The Times of India|date=13 February 2016 |access-date=15 March 2016}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[So You Think You Can Dance (Indian TV series)|So You Think You Can Dance]]''
|
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/so-you-think-you-can-dance/updates/51410744.cms|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160316140857/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/so-you-think-you-can-dance/updates/51410744.cms|url-status=dead|archive-date=16 March 2016|title=WATCH! So You Think You Can Dance (India)- 2016|work=The Times of India|access-date=19 March 2016}}</ref>
|-
| ''Man Vs. Job''
|
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref name="RRDD">{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Rithvik-takes-up-wrestling-for-his-new-show-Man-VS-Job/articleshow/52566785.cms|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160603093338/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Rithvik-takes-up-wrestling-for-his-new-show-Man-VS-Job/articleshow/52566785.cms|url-status=dead|archive-date=3 June 2016|title=Rithvik takes up wrestling for his new show 'Man VS Job' - Times of India|website=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=11 October 2016}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Super Dancer|Super Dancer Chapter 1]]''
|
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Rithvik-Dhanjani-to-host-Super-Dancer/articleshow/53657222.cms|title=Rithvik Dhanjani to host Super Dancer with Paritosh Tripathi - Times of India|website=[[The Times of India]] |date=11 August 2016 |access-date=11 October 2016}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3" | 2017
| ''Aye Zindagi''
|
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref name="SD">{{cite news|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/rithwik-dhanjani-to-host-aye-zindagi-117012300620_1.html|title=Rithwik Dhanjani to host Zing's new show 'Aye Zindagi'|newspaper=Business Standard India|date=12 February 2017}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Fear Factor: Khatron Ke Khiladi 8]]''
| rowspan="2" | Contestant
| 7th place
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/khatron-ke-khiladi-8-ravi-dubey-rithvik-dhanjani-and-karan-wahi-4727699/|title=Khatron Ke Khiladi 8: Ravi Dubey, Rithvik Dhanjani and Karan Wahi personify bromance. See photos|date=29 June 2017}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Lip Sing Battle]]''
|
|
|-
| rowspan="2"|2017–2018
| ''[[Super Dancer|Super Dancer Chapter 2]]''
| rowspan="5" | Host
|
| style="text-align:center;" |
|-
| ''[[Colors TV|Rasoi Ki Jung Mummyon Ke Sung]]''
|
|
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2018
| ''[[India's Next Superstars]]''
|
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{cite news|title=Karan Johar, Rohit Shetty to judge a new talent show|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/bollywood/report-karan-johar-rohit-shetty-to-judge-a-new-talent-show-2557527|access-date=3 November 2017|agency=Chaya Unnikrishnan|publisher=DNA}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[India's Got Talent season 8|India's Got Talent 8]]''
|
|
|-
| 2018–2019
| ''[[Super Dancer|Super Dancer Chapter 3]]''
|
|
|-
| 2020
| ''[[Fear Factor: Khatron Ke Khiladi – Made in India]]''
| Contestant
| 9th place
|<ref>{{Cite news|title=Rithvik Dhanjani opts out of Khatron Ke Khiladi midway - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/rithvik-dhanjani-opts-out-of-khatron-ke-khiladi-midway/articleshow/77448994.cms|access-date=2020-08-10|website=The Times of India|date=9 August 2020 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| 2021
| ''[[Super Dancer|Super Dancer Chapter 4]]''
| rowspan="2"|Host
|
|
|-
| 2023–2024
| ''[[Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa season 11|Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa 11]]''
|
|<ref>{{Cite news|last=|first=|date=18 October 2023|title=Rithvik Dhanjani on hosting 'Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa 11': 'From celebrity contestant to now hosting the show, life is a full circle indeed'|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/rithvik-dhanjani-on-hosting-jhalak-dikhhla-jaa-11-from-celebrity-contestant-to-now-hosting-the-show-life-is-a-full-circle-indeed/articleshow/104524336.cms|access-date=23 December 2023|work=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref>
|-
| 2024
| ''Aapka Apna Zakir''
| Rithvik
|
|<ref>{{Cite news|last=|first=|date=1 August 2024|title=Rithvik Dhanjani on joining Zakir Khan's Aapka Apna Zakir: 'Excited to delve into comedy'|url=https://www.news18.com/entertainment/rithvik-dhanjani-on-joining-zakir-khans-aapka-apna-zakir-excited-to-delve-into-comedy-8986869.html|access-date=27 August 2024|work=News18|language=en}}</ref>
|}

==== Guest appearances ====
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Title
! Role
! class="unsortable"| Ref.
|-
| 2013
| ''[[Sapne Suhane Ladakpan Ke]]''
| rowspan="6" | Himself
| style="text-align:center;" |
|-
| rowspan="4"|2014
| ''MTV Webbed 2''
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/140416/entertainment-tvmusic/article/it%e2%80%99s-important-fans-follow-only-verified-accounts-actors|title=It's important for fans to follow only verified accounts of actors: Rithvik Dhanjani|date=16 April 2014|website=Deccan Chronicle}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[India's Best Cinestars Ki Khoj]]''
|
|-
| ''[[Hum Hain Na]]''
|
|-
| ''[[Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa season 6|Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa 6]]''
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/contestants-spoof-judges-on-jhalak-dikhhla-jaa-6/story-AFKTKtloXvcXKuHZznAvfI_amp.html|title=Rithvik Dhanjani, Lauren Gottlieb and Punit Pathak spoof judges on Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa 6|work=Hindustan Times|date=24 August 2013}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3"|2015
| ''[[Fear Factor: Khatron Ke Khiladi 6]]''
|
|-
| ''[[Kumkum Bhagya]]''
| Arjun Kirloskar
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{cite web|url=http://m.indiatoday.in/story/rithvik-dhanjani-and-asha-negi-to-be-seen-together-in-kumkum-bhagya-shriti-jhan-shabbir-ahluwalia/1/458091.html|title=Rithvik Dhanjani & Asha Negi to be seen together in Kumkum Bhagya|date=12 August 2015 |access-date=13 February 2016}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Jamai Raja (2014 TV series)|Jamai Raja]]''
| rowspan="5" |Himself
|
|-
| 2017
| ''[[Bigg Boss (Hindi season 11)|Bigg Boss 11]]''
|
|-
| 2018
| ''[[Kaleerein]]''
|
|-
| 2020
| ''[[Fear Factor: Khatron Ke Khiladi 10]]''
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{Cite web |title="If given a chance I can do Khatron Ke Khiladi over and over again", says Rithvik Dhanjani |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/given-chance-can-khatron-ke-khiladi-says-rithvik-dhanjani/ |access-date=19 August 2020 |website=Bollywood Hungama |date=5 August 2020 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| 2021
| ''[[Meet: Badlegi Duniya Ki Reet]]''
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{Cite news|title=Shabir Ahluwalia, Sriti Jha and others performing for Diwali special episode of 'Meet' - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/shabir-ahluwalia-sriti-jha-on-performing-for-diwali-special-episode-of-meet/articleshow/87430458.cms|access-date=2021-10-31|website=The Times of India|date=31 October 2021 |language=en}}</ref>
|}

=== Web series ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Title
! Role
! class="unsortable"| Notes
! class="unsortable"| Ref.
|-
| rowspan="2"|2016
| ''[[I Don't Watch TV (web series)|I Don't Watch TV]]''
| Himself
|
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{cite web|url=http://m.ibtimes.co.in/karan-patel-rithvik-dhanjani-disha-parmar-nakuul-mehta-others-feature-new-show-video-666673|title=Karan Patel, Rithvik Dhanjani, Disha Parmar, Nakuul Mehta and others feature on new show [VIDEO]|date=12 February 2016|work=International Business Times, India Edition|access-date=17 February 2016}}</ref>
|-
| ''Arre: Ho Ja Re-Gender''
| Guest
| Special appearance
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{Cite web|title=Arre: Ho Ja Re-Gender; India's first ever digital reality series based on a social experiment|work=Aree.co|url=https://www.arre.co.in/series/ho-ja-regender/|access-date=25 May 2022|archive-date=16 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220816131725/https://www.arre.co.in/series/ho-ja-regender/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2018
| ''[[Galti Se Mis-Tech]]''
| Shivam Chaturvedi
|
| style="text-align:center;" |
|-
| ''[[XXX (web series)|XXX]]''
| Mayank
| Episode: "The Climax"
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/television/report-altbalaji-s-xxx-rithvik-dhanjani-and-kyra-dutt-s-midnight-tidbits-are-nsfw-2667491|title=ALTBalaji's X.X.X: Rithvik Dhanjani and Kyra Dutt's midnight tidbits are NSFW!|first=DNA Web|last=Team|date=25 September 2018|website=DNA India}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2"|2020
| ''Lockdown Rishtey''
| Rithvik
|
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{Cite news|title=Lockdown Rishtey : 4 Reasons to watch this series right now !|work=Times of India|date=22 October 2020 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/web-series/news/lockdown-rishtey-4-reasons-to-watch-right-now-/articleshow/78809760.cms|access-date=24 May 2022}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Ladies vs Gentlemen]]''
| Himself
| Panelist
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=2020-11-17|title=Riteish Deshmukh and Genelia D'souza to settle the age-old gender debate with their show Ladies Vs Gentlemen|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/riteish-deshmukh-genelia-dsouza-settle-age-old-gender-debate-show-ladies-vs-gentlemen/|access-date=2020-11-18|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|language=en}}</ref>
|-
| 2021
| ''[[Cartel (web series)|Cartel]]''
| Abhay Angre
|
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{Cite news|title=Pranati Rai Prakash and Rithvik Dhanjani unveil the poster of their action drama series 'Cartel' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/web-series/news/hindi/pranati-rai-prakash-and-ritvik-dhanjani-unveil-the-poster-of-their-action-drama-cartel/articleshow/84894007.cms|access-date=2021-08-18|website=The Times of India|date=30 July 2021 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| 2022
| ''Datebaazi''
| Host
|
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{Cite news|title=Datebaazi: 5 reasons why Rithvik Dhanjani's dating show should be on your binge list |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/art-entertainment/-datebaazi-on-amazon-minitv-5-reasons-why-rithvik-dhanjani-s-dating-show-should-be-on-your-binge-list-news-242069/amp |access-date=2022-12-10|website=Outlook India |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| 2023
| ''Butterflies 4''
| Gaurav
| Episode: "Kebab Mein Haddi"
|
|-
| 2024
| ''Half Love Half Arranged''
| Ved
| Season 2
|<ref name="Half Love Half Arranged" />
|}

== Accolades ==
{|class="wikitable"
|-
! Year
! Award
! Category
! Work
! Result
! Ref.
|-
| 2012
| [[Gold Awards]]
| [[Gold Award for Debut in a Lead Role (Male)|Debut in a Lead Role - Male]]
| rowspan="6" |''[[Pavitra Rishta]]''
| {{nom}}
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://goldawards.weebly.com/2017.html|work=Gold Awards|title=5th Boroplus Gold Awards 2012: Check Out The Winners List|date=28 November 2015}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="5" |2013
| rowspan="2" |[[Indian Telly Awards]]
| [[Indian Telly Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role|Best Actor in a Supporting Role]]
| {{won}}
| rowspan="2" |<ref>{{cite news|title=Indian Telly Awards 2013 Popular Awards winners |url=http://tellyawards.indiantelevision.com/y2k13/poll/winners.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150425010425/http://tellyawards.indiantelevision.com/y2k13/poll/winners.php |archive-date=April 25, 2015 }}</ref>
|-
| [[Indian Telly Award for Best Onscreen Couple|Best Onscreen Couple]] (with [[Asha Negi]])
| {{nom}}
|-
| [[Indian Television Academy Awards]]
| Gr8 Face of the Year
| {{nom}}
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indiantelevisionacademy.com/the-ita-awards/the-13th-ita-awards-2013/|title=ITA Awards 2013: Complete list of winners|access-date=12 January 2019|website=Indian Television Academy Awards}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3"|[[Gold Awards]]
| [[Gold Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role|Best Actor in a Supporting Role]]
| {{nom}}
|rowspan="2"|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://goldawards.weebly.com/2013.html|work=Gold Awards|title=6th Boroplus Gold Awards 2013: Check Out The Winners List|date=21 February 2016}}</ref>
|-
| Gold Best Onscreen Jodi (with [[Asha Negi]])
| {{nom}}
|-
| 2017
| Best Anchor{{Efn|Shared with Paritosh Tripathi}}
| ''[[Super Dancer|Super Dancer 2]]''
| {{won}}
|<ref>{{Cite news |title=Check out the complete list of winners of 11th Gold Awards 2017 |work=Times of India |access-date=27 August 2018 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/tv-awards/gold-awards/2017/114}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2"|2022
| [[Pinkvilla Style Icons Awards]]
| Super Stylish Host
| {{N/A}}
| {{nom}}
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-06-17 |title=Pinkvilla Style Icons Awards Winners List: Find out who won what at the starry night |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/news/pinkvilla-style-icons-awards-winner-list-find-out-who-won-what-at-the-starry-night-1145089 |access-date=2022-10-04 |website=Pinkvilla |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| [[Indian Television Academy Awards]]
| Popular Actor - Host
| ''[[Super Dancer|Super Dancer 4]]''
| {{nom}}
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=22nd Indian Television Academy Awards Nominations - Vote Now|access-date=9 September 2022|work=Indian Television Academy Awards|url=https://ita2022.indiantelevisionacademy.com/}}</ref>
|}

== See also ==
* [[List of Indian television actors]]

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{IMDb name|4382565}}
*{{Instagram|rithvik_d}}

{{Subject bar
|commons = yes
|commons-search = Category: Rithvik Dhanjani
|portal1 = Biography
|portal2 = India
|portal3 = Television
|portal4 = Films
}}

{{Nach Baliye}}
{{Jhalak}}
{{Fear Factor: Khatron Ke Khiladi}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Dhanjani, Rithvik}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:Indian male television actors]]
[[Category:Male actors from Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Indian television presenters]]
[[Category:Place of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Nach Baliye winners]]
[[Category:1988 births]]
[[Category:Contestants on Indian game shows]]
[[Category:Participants in Indian reality television series]]
[[Category:Indian Sindhi people]]
[[Category:Sindhi male actors]]

G. Taru Sharma

2026-02-07T19:14:56Z

FaustinoRicks4: started a bio - done

{{Short description|Indian biologist (born 1965)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2019}}
{{Infobox scientist
| name = G. Taru Sharma
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1965|8|4}}
| birth_place = [[Mathura]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], India
| death_date =
| death_place =
| fields = {{ublist | [[Reproductive physiology|Molecular reproductive physiology]] | [[Stem cell biology]] }}
| workplaces = {{ublist | [[National Dairy Development Board]] | [[Indian Veterinary Research Institute]] }}
| alma_mater = {{ublist | St. Mary's Convent School, [[Mhow]] | Kishori Raman Girls College, [[Mathura]] | [[Agra College]] | [[Indian Veterinary Research Institute]] | [[University of Louisiana at Lafayette|University of Louisiana]] }}
| doctoral_advisor =
| doctoral_students =
| known_for = Studies on [[germ cell]] [[marker gene]]s
| awards = {{ublist| 1993 SAPI Young Scientist Gold Medal | 1994 [[Indian Science Congress Association|ISCA]] Young Scientists Merit Certificate | 2001 ISSAR Prof. Nils Lagerlof Memorial Award | 2002 [[Indian Veterinary Research Institute|IVRI]] Award | 2003 ISIWCD WEAL Award (WEAL) 2004 [[Indian Council of Agricultural Research|ICAR]] Panjab Rao Deshmukh Award | 2006 [[National Bioscience Award for Career Development|N-BIOS Prize]] | 2011 [[Government of Uttar Pradesh|GoUP]] Award of Honor | 2011 [[Indian Veterinary Research Institute|IVRI]] Best Teacher Award | 2012 SAPI Dr. A. Roy Memorial Award | 2013 IGO Research Excellence Award | 2016 ISSRF Labhsetwar Award | 2016 [[Indian Council of Agricultural Research|ICAR]] Bharat Ratna Dr. C. Subramaniam Award }} 2019-ICAR-Rafi A.Kidwai Award for her outstanding research Contributions.
}}
'''G. Taru Sharma''' (born 4 August 1965) is an Indian biologist and the head of the physiology and climatology division at the [[Indian Veterinary Research Institute]] of the [[Indian Council of Agricultural Research]]. Known for her studies on [[germ cell]] [[marker gene]]s, Sharma is an elected fellow of the [[National Academy of Agricultural Sciences]] and National Academy of Sciences (NASI). The [[Department of Biotechnology]] of the Government of India awarded her the [[National Bioscience Award for Career Development]], one of the highest Indian science awards, for her contributions to biosciences in 2006.

== Biography ==
G. Taru Sharma, born on 4 August 1965 at the [[Heritage City Development and Augmentation Yojana|heritage city]] of [[Mathura]] in the Indian state of [[Uttar Pradesh]], did her early schooling at the St. Mary's Convent School, [[Mhow]] and her college studies at the Kishori Raman Girls College in Mathura and [[Agra College]] in [[Agra]].<ref name="NAAS Fellows">{{Cite web |url=http://naasindia.org/detail.php?id=622 |title=NAAS Fellows |date=2017-12-20 |website=National Academy of Agricultural Sciences |access-date=2017-12-20}}</ref> Her doctoral research was at the [[Indian Veterinary Research Institute]] (IVRI) and after securing a PhD in 1990, she did her post-doctoral work as a research scientist at the Centre for Biotechnology of the [[National Dairy Development Board]]. In 1991, she joined the Central Institute for Research on Goats of the [[Indian Council of Agricultural Research]] (ICAR) but moved to the IVRI, another ICAR institution, in 2000. She has been with the institute since then, serving as a senior scientist or a principal scientist and holds the position of the director and head of ''CAFT in Veterinary Physiology'' since 2009. She also heads the physiology and climatology division of the institute.<ref name="Scientist profile">{{Cite web |url=http://ivri.nic.in/division/ap/pnc/ScientistDetails.aspx?ID=36 |title=Scientist profile |date=2017-12-21 |website=ivri.nic.in |access-date=2017-12-21 |archive-date=22 December 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171222053323/http://ivri.nic.in/division/ap/pnc/ScientistDetails.aspx?ID=36 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="Division of Physiology & Climatology">{{Cite web |url=http://ivri.nic.in/division/ap/pnc/ScientificStaff.aspx |title=Division of Physiology & Climatology |date=2017-12-21 |website=ivri.nic.in |access-date=2017-12-21 |archive-date=22 December 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171222052631/http://ivri.nic.in/division/ap/pnc/ScientificStaff.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref> In between, she had a short stint in the US at the Reproductive Biotechnology Laboratory of the [[University of Louisiana at Lafayette|University of Louisiana]] as a fellow of the [[Food and Agriculture Organization]] and a visiting scientist in 1999.<ref name="NAAS Fellows" />

== Legacy ==
[[File:Water buffalo.jpg|thumb|235px|left|Water buffalo]]
Sharma's core areas of research have been in the fields of molecular [[reproductive physiology]], [[oocyte]] and [[embryo]] [[genomics]] as well as [[stem cell biology]].<ref name="NAAS Fellows" /> She has undertaken and led several projects including the project on ''Stem cells: its biology and therapeutic application in livestock and pets'', a flagship program of IVRI.<ref name="IVRI Research Projects">{{Cite web |url=http://ivri.nic.in/division/ap/pnc/ResearchProjects.aspx |title=IVRI Research Projects |date=2017-12-21 |website=ivri.nic.in |access-date=2017-12-21 }}{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> She is known to have done extended studies on early pregnancy detection in [[water buffaloes]],<ref>{{cite book|title=Indian Science Abstracts|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sTgeAQAAMAAJ|date=May 2006|publisher=Indian National Scientific Documentation Centre.}}</ref> and has developed various techniques for oocyte recovery, somatic cell development and immuno-histochemical localization of the proteins.<ref name="Agricultural Sciences Dr. G. Taru Sharma">{{Cite web |url=http://www.anusandhan.net/women/main_template.jsp?file=taruachiev.htm |title=Agricultural Sciences Dr. G. Taru Sharma |website=www.anusandhan.net |access-date=2017-12-21}}</ref> Some of the research findings were later brought out as a book, ''Nitric oxide and ovarian folliculogenesis: A study of follicular development in water buffalo (Bubalis bubalus)''.<ref name="Nitric oxide and ovarian folliculogenesis: A study of follicular development in water buffalo (Bubalis bubalus)">{{Cite book |title=Nitric oxide and ovarian folliculogenesis: A study of follicular development in water buffalo (Bubalis bubalus) |last1=Dubey |first1=Pawan K. |last2=Tripathi |first2=Anima |last3=Sharma |first3=G. Taru |publisher=LAP LAMBERT Academic Publishing |year=2013 |isbn=978-3659333187 |language=en}}</ref> Her studies have been documented by way of a number of articles<ref name="On Google Scholar">{{Cite web |url=https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=qVV_lU0AAAAJ&hl=en |title=On Google Scholar |date=2017-11-23 |publisher=Google Scholar |access-date=2017-11-23}}</ref>{{Refn|group=note|Please see ''Selected bibliography'' section}} and [[ResearchGate]], an online repository of scientific articles has listed 130 of them.<ref name="On ResearchGate">{{Cite web |url=https://www.researchgate.net/profile/GTARU_Sharma |title=On ResearchGate |date=2017-12-17 |access-date=2017-12-17}}</ref> Besides, she is the author of twenty manuals as well as three books<ref name="Scientist profile" /> and has contributed chapters to books published by others.<ref name="Mukhopadhyay2017">{{cite book|author=Asok Mukhopadhyay|title=Regenerative Medicine: Laboratory to Clinic|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uOQ2DwAAQBAJ&pg=PR16|date=21 September 2017|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-981-10-3701-6|pages=16–}}</ref> She also holds two patents for processes developed by her and has guided several post-graduate and doctoral scholars in their studies.<ref name="Scientist profile" />

Sharma has been a member of the editorial board of the Reproductive Health and Medicine of the ISSRF and presides the Animal Physiologists Association (APA).<ref name="Animal Physiologists Association - Organisation Set Up">{{Cite web |url=http://animalphysiologistsassociation.com/setup.html |title=Animal Physiologists Association - Organisation Set Up |date=2017-12-21 |website=animalphysiologistsassociation.com |access-date=2017-12-21}}</ref> She is a life member of organizations such as the Society of Animal Physiologists of India,<ref name="SAPI Life Member, Index">{{Cite web |url=http://www.sapi.in/show_index.php |title=SAPI Life Member, Index |date=2017-12-21 |website=www.sapi.in |access-date=2017-12-21}}</ref> the Physiological Society of India,<ref name="Physiological Society of India - Life Members">{{Cite web |url=http://physiologicalsocietyofindia.org/member?category=Life-Member |title=Physiological Society of India - Life Members |date=2017-12-21 |website=physiologicalsocietyofindia.org |language=en-US |access-date=2017-12-21}}</ref> the Society of Veterinary Physiologists, and Biochemists of India and the [[Indian Science Congress Association]].<ref name="Indian Science Congress - Life Members">{{Cite web |url=http://www.sciencecongress.nic.in/life_members.php |title=Indian Science Congress - Life Members |date=2017-12-21 |website=www.sciencecongress.nic.in |access-date=2017-12-21}}</ref> Life member of ISSRF, Indian Society of Veterinary Immunologists and Biotechnologists.

== Awards and honors ==
Taru Sharma received two young scientist honors early in her career; the Young Scientist Gold Medal of the Society of Animal Physiologists of India in 1993 and the Young Scientists Merit Certificate of the [[Indian Science Congress Association]] in 1994.<ref name="Scientist profile" /> The Indian Society for the Study of Animal Reproduction chose her for the Prof. Nils Lagerlof Memorial Award in 2001 and she received the Award of Honor of the IVRI in 2002.<ref name="Scientist profile" /> The Indian Society for Integrated Women and Child Development (ISIWCD) selected her for the Livelihood Award (WEAL) at the World Women Summit of 2003<ref name="Agricultural Sciences Dr. G. Taru Sharma" /> and the [[Indian Council of Agricultural Research]] honored her with the Panjab Rao Deshmukh Women Agricultural Scientist Award in 2004.The [[Department of Biotechnology]] of the Government of India awarded her the [[National Bioscience Award for Career Development]], one of the highest Indian science awards in 2006<ref name="Awardees of National Bioscience Awards for Career Development">{{Cite web |url=http://dbtindia.nic.in/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/list_of_bioscience_awardees.pdf |title=Awardees of National Bioscience Awards for Career Development |date=2016 |publisher=Department of Biotechnology |access-date=2017-11-20 |archive-date=4 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180304191331/http://dbtindia.nic.in/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/list_of_bioscience_awardees.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> and the [[Government of Uttar Pradesh]] honored her services in the therapeutics of canine clinical cases with an Award of Honor in 2011; the same year as she received the Best Teacher Award of the IVRI.<ref name="NAAS Fellows" /> The Society of Animal Physiologists of India honored her again in 2012 with the Dr. A. Roy Memorial Award<ref name="Dr. A. Roy Memorial Award">{{Cite web |url=http://sapi.in/awards.php |title=Dr. A. Roy Memorial Award |date=2017-12-21 |website=sapi.in |access-date=2017-12-21}}</ref> and she was selected for the Research Excellence Award of the Indus Global Organization the next year.<ref name="NAAS Fellows" /> In 2016, she received two awards, the Labhsetwar Award of the Indian Society for the study of Reproduction and Fertility<ref name="Labhsetwar Award">{{Cite web |url=http://ivri.nic.in/division/ap/pnc/Awards.aspx |title=Labhsetwar Award |date=2017-12-21 |website=ivri.nic.in |access-date=2017-12-21 |archive-date=22 December 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171222051011/http://ivri.nic.in/division/ap/pnc/Awards.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref> and the Bharat Ratna Dr. C. Subramaniam Award for Outstanding Teachers of the ICAR.<ref name="NAAS Fellows" /> Became NAAS fellow from 1.1.2017. Became SAPI fellow during the year 2018. G.P.Talwar gold medal award for 2019. Rafi Ahmed Kidwai award for outstanding research by Indian Council of Agriculture Research in 2019.Elected as Fellow NASI in 2019. Executive member of NAAS from 2021.

== Selected bibliography ==
=== Books ===
* {{Cite book |title=Nitric oxide and ovarian folliculogenesis: A study of follicular development in water buffalo (Bubalis bubalus) |last1=Dubey |first1=Pawan K. |last2=Tripathi |first2=Anima |last3=Sharma |first3=G. Taru |publisher=LAP LAMBERT Academic Publishing |year=2013 |isbn=978-3659333187 |language=en}}

=== Articles ===
* {{Cite journal |last1=Nath |first1=Amar |last2=Sharma |first2=Veena |last3=Dubey |first3=Pawan K. |last4=D |first4=Pratheesh M. |last5=Gade |first5=Nitin E. |last6=Saikumar |first6=G. |last7=Sharma |first7=G. Taru |date=2013-01-01 |title=Impact of gonadotropin supplementation on the expression of germ cell marker genes (MATER, ZAR1, GDF9, and BMP15) during in vitro maturation of buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) oocyte |journal=In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Animal |language=en |volume=49 |issue=1 |pages=34–41 |doi=10.1007/s11626-012-9561-5 |pmid=23263936 |s2cid=17225376 |issn=1071-2690}}
* {{Cite journal |last1=Udehiya |first1=Rahul Kumar |last2=Amarpal |last3=Aithal |first3=H.P. |last4=Kinjavdekar |first4=P. |last5=Pawde |first5=A.M. |last6=Singh |first6=Rajendra |last7=Sharma |first7=G. Taru |title=Comparison of autogenic and allogenic bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells for repair of segmental bone defects in rabbits |journal=Research in Veterinary Science |volume=94 |issue=3 |pages=743–752 |doi=10.1016/j.rvsc.2013.01.011|pmid=23414969 |year=2013 }}

== See also ==
{{Div col|colwidth=30em}}
* [[Folliculogenesis]]
* [[Mesenchymal stem cell]]
* [[Animal physiology]]
{{div col end}}
{{portal|India|Biology}}

== Notes ==
{{reflist|group=note|2}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{cite book|title=Scleroproteins—Advances in Research and Application: 2013 Edition|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bJFG-Ecm9zcC&pg=PA202|date=21 June 2013|publisher=ScholarlyEditions|isbn=978-1-4816-8001-1|pages=202–}}
* {{cite book|author=Pratiyogita Darpan|title=Competition Science Vision|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BugDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PT11|date=May 2007|publisher=Pratiyogita Darpan|pages=11–}}

{{N-BIOS Laureates 1999–2009}}
{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sharma, G. Taru}}
[[Category:N-BIOS Prize recipients]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1965 births]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian zoologists]]
[[Category:Indian veterinarians]]
[[Category:People from Mathura district]]
[[Category:Scientists from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Fellows of the National Academy of Agricultural Sciences]]
[[Category:Indian physiologists]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian inventors]]

Indira Gandhi Institute of Child Health, Bengaluru

2026-02-05T00:04:23Z

FaustinoRicks4: made a post

{{Use Indian English|date=October 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2024}}
{{Infobox hospital
| name = Indira Gandhi Institute of Child Health
| org_group = 
| image =
| image_alt = 
| caption = 
| pushpin_map =
| logo =
| logo_size =
| location =
| region = [[Bangalore]]
| state = [[Karnataka]]
| country = [[India]]
| coordinates =
| healthcare = 
| funding = Autonomous institution of [[Government of Karnataka]]
| type = 
| speciality = 
| standards = 
| emergency = 
| affiliation = Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences For Academics<ref>{{cite web|title=Indira Gandhi Institute of Child Health |url=http://www.entrancebook.com/indira-gandhi-institute-of-child-health-bangalore.php|website=www.entrancebook.com|access-date=12 March 2017|archive-date=12 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170312194405/http://www.entrancebook.com/indira-gandhi-institute-of-child-health-bangalore.php|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| patron = 
| network = 
| beds =
| founded =
| closed = 
| website = [https://igich.karnataka.gov.in/english]
| other_links = 
}}

'''Indira Gandhi Institute of Child Health''' is a premier organization promoting tertiary level Child Health Care services. It is government-run referral centre for children in [[Karnataka]] state, [[India]] and it is an [[autonomous]] body, registered under the Karnataka Societies Registration Act 1960 <ref>{{cite web|title=The Karnataka Societies Registration Act, 1960.|url=http://dpal.kar.nic.in/17%20of%201960%20(E).pdf|website=dpal.kar.nic|access-date=12 March 2017}}</ref> and functioning under the control of the Ministry of Medical Education, [[Government of Karnataka]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Directorate of Medical Education Government of Karnataka|url=http://www.karnataka.gov.in/dmekarnataka/Pages/home.aspx|website=www.karnataka.gov.in/dmekarnataka|access-date=12 March 2017}}</ref> It is located in Jayanagar 1st Block, [[Bangalore]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Treatment for rare diseases like hemophilia, thalassemia, immuno-deficiency and few other diseases for children at free of cost|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/bangalore/report-treatment-for-rare-diseases-to-be-free-soon-at-indira-gandhi-institute-of-child-health-1985054|access-date=12 March 2017|publisher=www.dnaindia.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=ಶಿಶುಗಳ ಸಂರಕ್ಷಣೆಗೆ ಬಾಲ ಸಂಜೀವಿನಿ|url=http://www.icarelive.com/bedra/index.php?action=coverage&type=496|access-date=12 March 2017|publisher=www.icarelive.com/bedra|archive-date=12 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170312201115/http://www.icarelive.com/bedra/index.php?action=coverage&type=496|url-status=dead}}</ref>

The hospital has 475 beds with Paediatric critical care (35 beds) and [[Neonatal intensive care unit|Neonatal Intensive Care Unit]] accredited as Level 3B by NNF, India (National Neonatology Forum) with a strength of 40 beds equipped with ventilation and staff.

The Indira Gandhi Institute of Child Health has a paediatric emergency and critical care service supported by laboratory and blood-bank services.

Indira Gandhi Institute Of Child Health, is the brainchild of Dr.D.G.Benakappa (B.C.Roy awardee) who completed his training in Paediatrics from USA and UK. On his return to Indian shores in the late 1960s, he found a disdainful lack of child health services and worked to improve it, while he worked under various capacities in Mysore, Bengaluru, and Hubli.

He established the Benakappa Children's Trust Hospital, which he handed over to the Government of Karnataka, later to be renamed as Indira Gandhi Institute Of Child Health.

Established in 1991 and expanded in phases, Indira Gandhi Institute Of Child Health was a functional referral hospital by 1995. It has grown over the years as a Paediatric Multi Super-speciality tertiary care hospital.

IGICH now stands as an esteemed institute for postgraduate training in Paediatrics (MD/DCh) and its allied Super-speciality course (MCh-Pediatric Surgery). It also offers fellowship programmes in Paediatric Critical Care, Paediatric Endocrinology, Paediatric Genetics, Paediatric Neurology, Neonatal Intensive Care, Paediatric Dermatology, Paediatric Radiology, Paediatric Orthopedics, Pediatric Urology, Paediatric Anesthesiology and minimally invasive surgery.

==Departments==
*Paediatric Intensive Care
*Neonatal Intensive Care
*Paediatric Medicine
*Paediatric Surgery
*Paediatric Radiology
*Paediatric Neurology
*Paediatric Genetics
*Paediatric ENT
*Paediatric Endocrinology
*Paediatric Dermatology
*Paediatric Rheumatology
*Paediatric Gastroenterology
*Paediatric Nephrology
*Paediatric Pulmonary Medicine
*Paediatric Orthopaedics
*Paediatric Dentistry
*Paediatric Ophthalmology
*Paediatric Anaesthesiology
.<ref>{{cite web|title=Department-list Indira Gandhi Institute Of Child Health Hospital|url=https://igich.karnataka.gov.in//department-list|website=igich.karnataka.gov.in/|access-date=12 March 2017}}{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

==Functions==
*Provide care to Paediatric patients.
*Training of candidates in the speciality of Paediatrics and in the super speciality of Paediatric Surgery.
*Organize scientific meetings, seminars, symposium, workshops in Child Health.
*To take up research programmes relating to diagnosis and treatment of Paediatric ailments.<ref>{{cite web|title=Functions|url=https://igich.karnataka.gov.in//|website= igich.karnataka.gov.in//|access-date=12 March 2017}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{coord|12.937318|77.592016|type:edu_region:IN-KA|display=title}}

[[Category:Hospitals in Bengaluru]]
[[Category:Children's hospitals in India| ]]
[[Category:Hospitals established in 1991]]
[[Category:1991 establishments in Karnataka]]

Doctor (soundtrack)

2026-01-21T23:24:30Z

FaustinoRicks4: started a article - done

{{short description|2021 soundtrack album by Anirudh Ravichander}}
{{hatnote|This article is about the 2021 soundtrack. For other soundtracks, see the film articles listed at [[Doctor (disambiguation)]]}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2021}}
{{Infobox album
| name = Doctor
| type = [[Soundtrack]]
| artist = [[Anirudh Ravichander]]
| cover = Doctor (soundtrack).jpeg
| alt =
| caption = Soundtrack Album Cover
| released = 2 October 2021
| recorded = 2020–2021
| genre = [[Feature film soundtrack]]
| length = 14:32
| language = [[Tamil language|Tamil]]
| label = [[Sony Music India]]
| producer = [[Anirudh Ravichander]]
| prev_title = [[Master (soundtrack)|Master]]
| prev_year = 2020
| next_title = [[Kaathu Vaakula Rendu Kaadhal (soundtrack)|Kaathu Vaakula Rendu Kaadhal]]
| next_year = 2021
| misc = {{External media
| audio1 = {{YouTube|ba0Ta26DUTY|Audio Jukebox}}
}}
{{Singles
| name = Doctor
| type = soundtrack
| single1 = Chellamma
| single1date = 24 July 2020
| single2 = Nenjame
| single2date = 28 August 2020
| single3 = So Baby
| single3date = 26 February 2021
| single4 = Soul of Doctor
| single4date = 27 September 2021
}}
}}

'''''Doctor''''' is a [[soundtrack album]] composed by [[Anirudh Ravichander]] for the 2021 film [[Doctor (2021 film)|of the same name]]. The film marks Anirudh's sixth collaboration with [[Sivakarthikeyan]] and second collaboration with [[Nelson Dilipkumar]]. All the tracks in the film were released as singles, with "Chellamma" being the first song to be released, received viral response crossing more than 100 million views on [[YouTube]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=Sivakarthikeyan's Chellama reaches 100 million views |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/music/sivakarthikeyans-chellama-reaches-100-million-views/articleshow/81269191.cms |access-date=2021-03-30 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref> The original soundtrack album which featured four tracks in total was unveiled by [[Sony Music India]] on 2 October 2021.<ref name=":5">{{Citation|title=Doctor (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack)|date=2021-10-05|url=https://open.spotify.com/album/7sVOaTioI70p4A36YtSDbY|language=en|access-date=2021-10-09}}</ref>

== Release ==
The film marked Anirudh's seventh collaboration with [[Sivakarthikeyan]] after ''[[3 (2012 Indian film)|3]]'', ''[[Ethir Neechal (2013 film)|Ethir Neechal]]'', ''[[Maan Karate]]'', ''[[Kaaki Sattai]]'', ''[[Remo (film)|Remo]]'' and ''[[Velaikkaran (2017 film)|Velaikkaran]]'' and second collaboration with [[Nelson Dilipkumar]] after ''[[Kolamavu Kokila]]''. In February 2020, the film's soundtrack rights were purchased by [[Sony Music India]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 February 2020 |title=Sony Music South bags audio rights of Sivakarthikeyan's Doctor |url=https://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-cinema-news-16/sony-music-south-bags-audio-rights-of-sivakarthikeyans-doctor.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201028214329/https://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-cinema-news-16/sony-music-south-bags-audio-rights-of-sivakarthikeyans-doctor.html |archive-date=28 October 2020 |access-date=3 February 2021 |website=Behindwoods}}</ref>

Work on the film's soundtrack began during June 2020, when government allowed to resume [[post-production]] works which were affected due to the [[COVID-19 lockdown in India|nationwide lockdown due to COVID-19]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 July 2020 |title=Sivakarthikeyan's Doctor team to release Chellamma, a single from the film |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/music/sivakarthikeyans-doctor-to-release-chellamma-a-single-from-the-film/articleshow/76942729.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200727114240/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/music/sivakarthikeyans-doctor-to-release-chellamma-a-single-from-the-film/articleshow/76942729.cms |archive-date=27 July 2020 |access-date=3 February 2021 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> The first song "Chellamma" was recorded during this intermediate period and was released as the first single.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Balachandran |first1=Logesh |date=July 22, 2020|title=Chellama: First single from Sivakarthikeyan's Doctor to release on July 24 |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/chellama-first-single-from-sivakarthikeyan-s-doctor-to-release-on-july-24-1700364-2020-07-22 |access-date=2021-09-25 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref> The promotion for the single was done in an interesting way, where an announcement video about the song released on 22 July 2020, featuring Anirudh, Sivakarthikeyan and Nelson.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Doctor song Chellamma announcement: Sivakarthikeyan pens lyrics for first single; to be released on July 16 |url=https://www.zoomtventertainment.com/tamil-cinema/article/doctor-song-chellamma-announcement-sivakarthikeyan-pens-lyrics-for-first-single-to-be-release-on-july/620877 |access-date=2021-09-25 |website=www.zoomtventertainment.com |date=13 July 2020 |language=en}}</ref> The song was penned by Sivakarthikeyan which had lines about [[TikTok]] ban,<ref>{{Cite web |date=23 July 2020 |title=Sivakarthikeyan pens funky, romantic duet on TikTok ban for his next movie, Doctor |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/music/sivakarthikeyan-pens-funky-romantic-duet-on-tiktok-ban-for-his-next-movie-doctor/articleshow/76947764.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210215063333/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/music/sivakarthikeyan-pens-funky-romantic-duet-on-tiktok-ban-for-his-next-movie-doctor/articleshow/76947764.cms |archive-date=15 February 2021 |access-date=3 February 2021 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> himself and was sung by Anirudh and [[Jonita Gandhi]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=R |first=Aishwarya |date=23 July 2020 |title=Sivakarthikeyan's Doctor: First single track Chellamma is about TikTok ban; Making video REVEALED |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/south/sivakarthikeyan-s-doctor-first-single-track-chellamma-about-tiktok-ban-making-video-revealed-549044 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210207091023/https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/south/sivakarthikeyan-s-doctor-first-single-track-chellamma-about-tiktok-ban-making-video-revealed-549044 |archive-date=7 February 2021 |access-date=3 February 2021 |website=[[Pinkvilla]]}}</ref> It was released on 24 July 2020,<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 July 2020 |title=Chellamma single from Sivakarthikeyan's Doctor |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/music/chellamma-single-from-sivakarthikeyans-doctor/articleshow/77002489.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201124163626/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/music/chellamma-single-from-sivakarthikeyans-doctor/articleshow/77002489.cms |archive-date=24 November 2020 |access-date=3 February 2021 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> through music streaming platforms and [[YouTube]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=[VIDEO] Sivakarthikeyan's Chellamma song from Doctor out now! |url=https://www.zoomtventertainment.com/tamil-cinema/article/video-sivakarthikeyans-chellamma-song-from-doctor-out-now/622579 |access-date=2021-09-25 |website=www.zoomtventertainment.com |date=16 July 2020 |language=en}}</ref>

Following the response to the track,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-08-24 |title=Sivakarthikeyan's Doctor: Anirudh Ravichandar to RELEASE the second single track Nenjame on THIS date |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/south/sivakarthikeyan-s-doctor-anirudh-ravichandar-release-second-single-track-nenjame-date-557262 |url-status=live |access-date=2021-09-25 |website=PINKVILLA |language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211101032957/https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/south/sivakarthikeyan-s-doctor-anirudh-ravichandar-release-second-single-track-nenjame-date-557262 |archive-date=1 November 2021 }}</ref> the makers unveiled the second single titled "Nenjame", a montage track, on 28 August 2020.<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 August 2020 |title=The second single from Sivakarthikeyan's Doctor will be out on 28 August |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/music/the-second-single-from-sivakarthikeyans-doctor-will-be-out-on-august-20/articleshow/77592336.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201101064158/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/music/the-second-single-from-sivakarthikeyans-doctor-will-be-out-on-august-20/articleshow/77592336.cms |archive-date=1 November 2020 |access-date=3 February 2021 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=24 August 2020 |title=Next song from Sivakarthikeyan's Doctor to release on this date |url=https://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-cinema-news-16/next-song-from-sivakarthikeyans-doctor-to-release-on-this-date.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200818154445/https://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-cinema-news-16/next-song-from-sivakarthikeyans-doctor-to-release-on-this-date.html |archive-date=18 August 2020 |access-date=3 February 2021 |website=Behindwoods}}</ref> A promotional video directed by Nelson and filmed by Vijay Kartik Kannan, the film's cinematographer, the video was shot at the [[Edward Elliot's Beach]] in [[Chennai]] adhering to the [[COVID-19]] safety guidelines.<ref name=":4" /> Sivakarthikeyan and [[Priyanka Arul Mohan]] appeared in the music video which was shot in monochrome.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |date=28 August 2020 |title='Nenjame': Here is the second single from Sivakarthikeyan's 'Doctor' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/music/nenjame-here-is-the-second-single-from-sivakarthikeyans-doctor/articleshow/77656880.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210215063334/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/music/nenjame-here-is-the-second-single-from-sivakarthikeyans-doctor/articleshow/77656880.cms |archive-date=15 February 2021 |access-date=3 February 2021 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> It features vocals by the composer Anirudh Ravichander, whilst lyrics by [[Mohan Rajan]].

The team came up with another announcement video on 22 February 2021, after the composer tweeted about the single, the previous day.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-02-23 |title=New single from Sivakarthikeyan's 'Doctor' to be out soon |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/new-single-sivakarthikeyans-doctor-be-out-soon-144030 |access-date=2021-03-30 |website=The News Minute |language=en}}</ref> Anirudh Ravichander later described it as being a mix of [[Classical music|classical]] and western fusion in the video,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-02-22 |title=Sivakarthikeyan's Doctor: Makers of Nelson Dilipkumar directorial to release the next single So Baby on Feb 26 |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/south/sivakarthikeyan-s-doctor-makers-nelson-dilipkumar-directorial-release-next-single-so-baby-feb-25-621109 |url-status=live |access-date=2021-09-25 |website=PINKVILLA |language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210222153406/https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/south/sivakarthikeyan-s-doctor-makers-nelson-dilipkumar-directorial-release-next-single-so-baby-feb-25-621109 |archive-date=22 February 2021 }}</ref> which later becoming titled as "So Baby". The song was released on 26 February 2021.<ref name=":1"/> In March 2021, Anirudh Ravichander tweeted that he is working for the fourth song sung by [[Arivu]], which will mark their second collaboration after "Vaathi Raid" from ''[[Master (2021 film)|Master]]'' (2021).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Vaathi Raid team of Anirudh and Arivu to collaborate again for Doctor |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/stories/news/2021/mar/20/anirudh-and-arivu-to-collaborate-again-after-vaathi-raid-for-doctor-23468.html |access-date=2021-03-30 |website=[[Cinema Express]] |date=20 March 2021 |language=en}}</ref> This song is scheduled to be released as the fourth single from the film, however did not make it to the final track list.<ref name=":5" />

"Soul of Doctor", a theme track featured in the trailer received unanimous praise from the listeners, and owing to the response, the makers released the track as a separate single from the album on 27 September 2021.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Soul of Doctor, the viral jadhi theme from the Sivakarthikeyan starrer is here |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/videos/2021/sep/28/soul-of-doctor-the-viral-jadhi-theme-from-the-sivakarthikeyan-starrer-is-here-26953.html |access-date=2021-10-03 |website=[[Cinema Express]] |date=28 September 2021 |language=en}}</ref> The song featured a [[classical music]]-background score with [[Jathi]] in the beginning of the track, similar to the verses featured in "So Baby".<ref name=":3" /> While the original song was voiced by violinist, Ananthakrrishnan, who worked in the composer's Albuquerque Records music studio, "Soul of Doctor" was sung by Niranjana Ramanan.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sivakarthikeyan: It was difficult for me to play a subtle character in 'Doctor'! |url=https://www.sify.com/movies/sivakarthikeyan-it-was-difficult-for-me-to-play-a-subtle-character-in-doctor-news-tamil-vkceCNbceedef.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211002150238/https://www.sify.com/movies/sivakarthikeyan-it-was-difficult-for-me-to-play-a-subtle-character-in-doctor-news-tamil-vkceCNbceedef.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=2 October 2021 |access-date=2021-10-03 |website=[[Sify]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Sivakarthikeyan on Doctor: It was tough to act in a film with minimal dialogues |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2021/oct/01/sivakarthikeyan-on-doctor-it-was-tough-to-act-in-a-film-with-minimal-dialogues-27033.html |access-date=2021-10-03 |website=[[Cinema Express]] |date=October 2021 |language=en}}</ref>

== Reception ==
The album received positive response from critics & viewers praising two singles from the album “So Baby” & “Chellamma”. The first single "Chellamma" received positive response from critics and audiences,<ref>{{Cite news |title=KV Anand is all praise for Anirudh's Chellamma song from Doctor |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/kv-anand-is-all-praise-for-anirudhs-chellamma-song-from-doctor/articleshow/77014673.cms |access-date=2021-09-25 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref> and went viral upon its release, crossing 50 million views as of October 2020.<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 October 2020 |title=Sivakarthikeyan's Chellamma crosses 50 million views |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/sivakarthikeyans-chellamma-crosses-20-million-views/articleshow/77547309.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200921162720/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/sivakarthikeyans-chellamma-crosses-20-million-views/articleshow/77547309.cms |archive-date=21 September 2020 |access-date=3 February 2021 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> "Chellamma" was listed on the ''Top 5 Chartbuster Songs of 2020'' from ''[[The Times of India]]''<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-12-04 |title=Kattu Payale to Vaathi Coming: FIVE chartbuster Tamil songs of 2020 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/music/kattu-payale-to-vaathi-coming-five-chartbuster-tamil-songs-of-2020/photostory/79567359.cms |access-date=2021-03-11 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref> and ''7 Songs Needed in Your Playlist: A Yearender Special'' by Anjana Shekhar of ''[[The News Minute]]''.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2020-12-21 |title=2020 is almost over, celebrate with these 7 Tamil songs in your playlist |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/2020-almost-over-celebrate-these-7-tamil-songs-your-playlist-140028 |access-date=2021-03-11 |website=The News Minute |language=en}}</ref> Shekhar further stated that the song is considered as a "perfect dance number that you can groove for parties".<ref name=":0" /> In March 2021, the song has crossed more than 100 million views in YouTube.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Chellamma song hits 100 million views on YouTube, Sivakarthikeyan elated |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/chellamma-song-hits-100-million-views-on-youtube-sivakarthikeyan-elated-1774209-2021-03-01 |access-date=2021-03-11 |website=India Today |date=March 2021 |language=en}}</ref>

"So Baby", the third song from the album, was hailed by listeners and music critics praised Anirudh for handling the mix of western and classical style sound.<ref name=":1">{{Cite news |title='So Baby..': Sivakarthikeyan and Anirudh's classical-western fusion from 'Doctor' seems enjoyable |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/music/so-baby-sivakarthikeyan-and-anirudhs-classical-western-fusion-from-doctor-seems-enjoyable/articleshow/81212464.cms |access-date=2021-03-11 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref> Thinkal Menon of The Times of India said that "the rare fusion of classical and western makes the song more enjoyable".<ref name=":1" /> Karthik Srinivasan of Milliblog, in his weekly review stated the song as "vibrant" and praised the instrumentation of the track which works in favour of it.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-02-27 |title=Milliblog Weeklies, Week 143 – Feb.28, 2021 by Milliblog! |url=https://milliblog.com/2021/02/27/milliblog-weeklies-week-143-feb-28-2021/ |access-date=2021-09-25}}</ref> In addition, the song also became a viral hit on [[YouTube]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-02-28 |title=New single 'So Baby' from Sivakarthikeyan starrer 'Doctor' trends on YouTube |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/new-single-so-baby-sivakarthikeyan-starrer-doctor-trends-youtube-144312 |url-status=live |access-date=2021-03-11 |website=The News Minute |language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210227110242/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/new-single-so-baby-sivakarthikeyan-starrer-doctor-trends-youtube-144312 |archive-date=27 February 2021 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Sivakarthikeyan's Doctor: So Baby music video becomes an instant internet sensation; Watch {{!}} PINKVILLA |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/south/sivakarthikeyan-s-doctor-so-baby-music-video-becomes-instant-internet-sensation-watch-624721?amp |access-date=2021-03-11 |website=www.pinkvilla.com|date=26 February 2021 }}</ref> However, netizens criticised Anirudh saying that he had plagiarized the tunes from [[Taio Cruz]]'s "[[Break Your Heart]]".<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-03-05 |title=Tamil film music and plagiarism: What fans feel about recurring issue |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/tamil-film-music-and-plagiarism-what-fans-feel-about-recurring-issue-144703 |access-date=2021-03-11 |website=The News Minute |language=en}}</ref>

The music and score received positive reviews from critics, with Haricharan Pudipeddi of ''[[Hindustan Times]]'' said that "it holds the film together".<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-10-09|title=Doctor movie review: Sivakarthikeyan's film is a deliciously wicked dark comedy|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/tamil-cinema/doctor-movie-review-sivakarthikeyan-s-film-is-a-deliciously-wicked-dark-comedy-101633770534119.html|access-date=2021-10-09|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref> A reviewer from ''Sify'' stated: "Music by Anirudh is another biggest strength of the film although there are only three songs. The music composer elevates the film with his efficient background score."<ref>{{Cite web|title=Doctor review: A dark comedy which is enjoyable!|url=https://www.sify.com/movies/doctor-review-a-dark-comedy-which-is-enjoyable--review-tamil-vkjhPwefdebba.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211009075822/https://www.sify.com/movies/doctor-review-a-dark-comedy-which-is-enjoyable--review-tamil-vkjhPwefdebba.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=9 October 2021|access-date=2021-10-09|website=[[Sify]]|language=en}}</ref> A reviewer from ''Moviecrow'' stated that "Anirudh's music has been complimenting the film even before it made it to the screens and it does handhold the film to success".<ref>{{Cite web|title=Doctor Review - A smart entertainer!|url=https://www.moviecrow.com/News/29290/doctor-review---a-smart-entertainer|access-date=2021-10-09|website=www.moviecrow.com}}</ref>

== Chart performance ==
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style="text-align:center;"
|-
!Chart
!Song
!Peak position
!{{Abbr|Ref.|References}}
|-
| rowspan="3" |[[Radio Mirchi]] Top 20
|"Chellamma"
|1
| rowspan="3" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-07-25 |title=Sivakarthikeyan's Chellamma tops the Mirchi chart!! |url=https://www.cinemaglitz.com/sivakarthikeyans-chellamma-tops-the-mirchi-chart/ |access-date=2021-09-25 |website=CinemaGlitz.com |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Latest Tamil songs on Tamil Mirchi Top20 countdown. |url=https://www.radiomirchi.com/more/tamil-top-20/ |access-date=2021-09-25 |website=www.radiomirchi.com}}</ref>
|-
|"So Baby"
|1
|-
|"Nenjame"
|3
|}

== Soundtrack listing ==

{{track listing
| all_writing =
| headline = Original Tracklist
| title1 = Chellamma
| length1 = 3:56
| total_length = 12:28
| lyrics1 = [[Sivakarthikeyan]]
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| extra1 = [[Anirudh Ravichander]], [[Jonita Gandhi]]
| title2 = Nenjame
| length2 = 4:16
| lyrics2 = [[Mohan Rajan]]
| extra2 = [[Anirudh Ravichander]]
| title3 = So Baby
| length3 = 4:12
| lyrics3 = [[Sivakarthikeyan]]
| extra3 = [[Anirudh Ravichander]], Ananthakkrishnan
| title4 = Soul of Doctor
| length4 = 1:04
| extra4 = Niranjana Ramanan
| lyrics4 =
}}

{{track listing
| all_writing =
| headline = Telugu Tracklist
| title1 = Chittemma
| length1 = 3:56
| total_length = 12:28
| lyrics1 = Srinivasa Moorthy
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| extra1 = [[Anirudh Ravichander]], [[Jonita Gandhi]]
| title2 = Bandhame
| length2 = 4:16
| lyrics2 = Rajashri Sudhakar
| extra2 = [[Adithya RK]]
| title3 = So Baby
| length3 = 4:12
| lyrics3 = Rajashri Sudhakar
| extra3 = Saketh Komanduri, [[Anirudh Ravichander]], Ananthakkrishnan
| title4 = Soul Of Doctor (instrumental)
| length4 = 1:04
| lyrics4 =
| extra4 = Niranjana Ramanan
}}

{{track listing
| all_writing =
| headline = Hindi Tracklist
| title1 = Chellamma
| length1 = 3:56
| total_length = 12:28
| lyrics1 = Nishant Singh
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| extra1 = Harshavardhan Wavre, Kasturi Wavre
| title2 = Gudiya Re
| length2 = 4:16
| lyrics2 = Vaibhav Joshi, Raqueeb Alam
| extra2 = [[Abhay Jodhpurkar]]
| title3 = So Baby
| length3 = 4:12
| lyrics3 = Vaibhav Joshi, Raqueeb Alam
| extra3 = Abhay Jodhpurkar
| title4 = Soul of Doctor
| length4 = 1:04
| extra4 = Niranjana Ramanan
| lyrics4 =
}}

== Background score ==
{{Infobox album
| name = Doctor
| type = [[Film score]]
| artist = [[Anirudh Ravichander]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 16 October 2021
| recorded = 2020-2021
| genre = [[Film score]]
| length = 17:27
| language = [[Tamil language|Tamil]]
| label = [[Sony Music India|Sony Music]]
| producer = [[Anirudh Ravichander]]
| prev_title =
| prev_year =
| next_title =
| next_year =
| misc = {{External media
| audio1= {{YouTube|R5xNyxQ98ZQ|Film Score}}
}}
}}

The original soundtrack was released by [[Sony Music India|Sony Music]] on 16 October 2021, coinciding [[Anirudh Ravichander]]'s birthday.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sivakarthikeyan's Doctor OST released, on the occasion of composer Anirudh Ravichander's birthday|url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2021/oct/16/sivakarthikeyans-doctor-ost-released-on-the-occasion-of-composer-anirudh-ravichanders-birthday-27314.html|access-date=2021-10-16|website=[[Cinema Express]]|date=16 October 2021 |language=en}}</ref>{{Track listing
| title1 = Doctor Theme
| length1 = 0:49
| title2 = The Family
| length2 = 1:47
| title3 = Varun Intro
| length3 = 1:46
| title4 = Hand Game
| length4 = 1:53
| title5 = The Twins
| length5 = 2:19
| title6 = Metro Train Fight
| length6 = 2:05
| title7 = Varun Fights
| length7 = 0:50
| title8 = Terry Theme
| length8 = 1:36
| title9 = Daughter Feels
| length9 = 2:18
| title10 = Climax Fight
| length10 = 2:27
| total_length = 17:50
}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://www.imdb.com/title/tt11374902/soundtrack ''Doctor'' (soundtrack)] at [[IMDb]]
{{Anirudh Ravichander}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:2021 soundtrack albums]]
[[Category:2020s film soundtrack albums]]
[[Category:Tamil film soundtracks]]
[[Category:Sony Music India soundtracks]]
[[Category:Anirudh Ravichander soundtracks]]
[[Category:Action film soundtracks]]
[[Category:Comedy film soundtracks]]

List of IIT Kharagpur alumni

2026-01-13T14:58:01Z

FaustinoRicks4:

{{Short description|none}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2017}}
{{alumni|SAL|date=November 2017}}
The [[Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur]] has had numerous notable alumni.

==Academics==
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Name
!Class Year
!Notability
!References
|-
|[[Subhasis Chaudhuri]]
| B.Tech. 1985
|[[Academic ranks in India|Director]] of [[Indian Institute of Technology Bombay|IIT Bombay]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-04-26|title=New IIT-B director lists priorities: 'Looking to diversify courses, draw more woman students'|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/education/iit-bombay-director-subhasis-chaudhary-indian-institute-of-technology-kharagpur-5695305/|access-date=2021-03-19|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref>
|-
|[[Pushpak Bhattacharyya]]
|
|[[Academic ranks in India|Director]] of [[Indian Institute of Technology Patna|IIT Patna]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.iitp.ac.in/|title=Governing Body|website=IIT Patna|access-date=30 March 2014}}</ref>
|-
|[[Partha Pratim Chakraborty]]
|B.Tech. 1985; Ph.D. 1988
|[[Academic ranks in India|Director]] of [[Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur|IIT Kharagpur]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|date=2013-07-20|title=IIT-Kharagpur alumni protest in Bangalore|url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/iit-kharagpur-alumni-protest-in-bangalore-25318.html|access-date=2021-03-19|website=www.indiatvnews.com|language=en}}</ref>
|-
|[[Sanghamitra Bandyopadhyay]]
|
|[[Academic ranks in India|Director]] of [[Indian Statistical Institute|ISI]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=12 IIT Kharagpur Alumni Get Distinguished Alumnus Award|url=https://www.ndtv.com/education/12-iit-kharagpur-alumi-get-distinguished-alumnus-award-1734259|access-date=2021-03-19|website=NDTV.com|language=en}}</ref>
|-
|[[Supriyo Datta]]
|
|[[Professors in the United States#Distinguished (Teaching / Research) Professor|Thomas Duncan Distinguished professor]] at the [[Purdue University School of Electrical and Computer Engineering|School of Electrical Engineering]] at [[Purdue University]]
|<ref>[http://www.ieeeghn.org/wiki/index.php/Supriyo_Datta Supriyo Datta at IEEE]</ref><ref>[https://www.sigmaxi.org/programs/prizes-awards/william-procter/award-winner/supriyo-datta Biography at Sigma Xi]</ref>
|-
|[[Mohan Dutta]]
|B.Tech. 1995
|Dean's Chair Professor of Communication and Director, Center for Culture-centered Approach to Research and Evaluation [https://carecca.nz/ (CARE)] at [[School of Communication, Journalism, and Marketing]] at [[Massey University]]
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://carecca.nz/staff/director/ | title=Prof Mohan. J. Dutta, Director of CARE }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.massey.ac.nz/about/news/professor-mohan-duttas-academic-activism-recognised-with-prestigious-presidential-citation/ | title=Professor Mohan Dutta's academic-activism recognised with prestigious Presidential Citation }}</ref>
|-
|[[S. Rao Kosaraju]]
|
|Professor of Computer Science at [[Johns Hopkins University]] and division director at the [[National Science Foundation]]
|<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.cs.jhu.edu/faculty/s-rao-kosaraju/|title=S. Rao Kosaraju - Department of Computer Science|work=Department of Computer Science|access-date=2017-10-25|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nsf.gov/staff/staff_bio.jsp?lan=skosaraj&org=CCF&from_org=CCF|title=S. Rao Kosaraju {{!}} NSF - National Science Foundation|website=www.nsf.gov|language=en|access-date=2017-10-25}}</ref>
|-
|[[Pradeep Khosla]]
|
|Computer scientist and eighth Chancellor of [[UC San Diego|University of California, San Diego]]
|<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/article3402481.ece|title=IIT Kharagpur alumnus is UCSD Chancellor|date=10 May 2012|newspaper=The Hindu|access-date=4 April 2015}}</ref>
|-
|[[Gopal Krishna Nayak]]
|
|[[Academic ranks in India|Director]] of [[IIIT Bhubaneswar]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.iiit-bh.ac.in/home/governing-body|title=Governing Body|website=IIIT Bhubaneswar|access-date=30 March 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140718105311/http://www.iiit-bh.ac.in/home/governing-body|archive-date=18 July 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
|[[Mani Lal Bhaumik]]
|Ph. D. 1958
|First PhD student at IIT Kharagpur, physicist, and [[Padma Shri]] awardee
|<ref>{{cite news|url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/from-a-village-boy-150m-and-example-to-follow/836608/0|title=From a village boy, $150 mn and example to follow|last=Singh|first=Shiv Sahay|date=25 August 2011|newspaper=The Indian Express|access-date=4 April 2015}}</ref>
|-
|[[Satya Prasad Majumder]]
|Ph.D. 1993
| [[Vice-Chancellor]] of [[Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Satya Prasad Majumdar Biography|url=https://www.buet.ac.bd/info/Administration/Vc_Profile|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210319015740/https://www.buet.ac.bd/info/Administration/Vc_Profile|archive-date=19 March 2021|website=[[Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology]]}}</ref>
|}

==Science and engineering==
{| class="wikitable"
!Name
!Class Year
!Notability
!References
|-
|[[Kalyan Banerjee (Rotary International)|Kalyan Banerjee]]
|1964
|Former President of [[Rotary International]]
|<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/indian-technocrat-kalyan-banerjee-to-lead-rotary-as-its-101st-president/441028/|title=Indian technocrat Kalyan Banerjee to lead Rotary as its 101st president|date=30 June 2011|newspaper=Business Standard|access-date=1 July 2011}}</ref>

|-
|[[Amit Goyal]]
|B. Tech. 1986
|Scientist in the field of advanced electronic and energy materials
|
|-
|[[Monisha Ghosh]]
|
|First woman [[Chief Technology Officer]] at the [[US government]]'s [[Federal Communications Commission]].
|<ref>{{Cite news|title=Indian-American Dr Monisha Ghosh named 1st woman Chief Technology Officer of US' communications commission|work=The Economic Times|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/nri/nris-in-news/indian-american-dr-monisha-ghosh-named-1st-woman-chief-technology-officer-of-us-communications-commission/articleshow/72921066.cms|access-date=2021-03-19}}</ref>
|-
|[[Srikumar Banerjee]]
|
|Indian metallurgical engineer. Former chairman of the Atomic Energy Commission of India and the secretary of Department of Atomic Energy
|<ref>{{cite web |title=Brief Profile of the Awardee awardee Dr Srikumar Banerjee |url=https://ssbprize.gov.in/content/Detail.aspx?AID=393 |publisher=CSIR Human Resource Development Group, New Delhi |access-date=24 May 2021}}</ref>
|-
|[[Kumar Bhattacharyya]]
|B. Tech. 1960
|Manager of Google India peer
|<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2005/jun/19/theobserver.observerbusiness6|title=A Brahmin of business|last=Morgan|first=Oliver|date=18 June 2005|newspaper=The Guardian|access-date=4 April 2015}}</ref>
|-
|[[Harish Hande]]
|
|Co-founder of social enterprise [[SELCO India]] and winner of [[Ramon Magsaysay Award]]
|<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com//india/Nileema-Mishra-Harish-Hande-win-Magsaysay-award/articleshow/9385363.cms|title=Nileema Mishra, Harish Hande win Magsaysay award|date=27 July 2011|newspaper=The Times of India|access-date=18 February 2012|agency=Press Trust of India (PTI)}}</ref>
|-
|[[V. C. Kulandaiswamy]]
|
|Hydrologist, second vice-chancellor of [[Anna University]], awarded [[Padma Shri]] and Padma Bhushan
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.annauniv.edu/cpde/Forms/BIO/VCK_Bio-Data.pdf|title=Dr V.C. Kulandaiswamy|date=28 March 2012|website=Anna University|access-date=4 April 2015}}</ref>
|-
|[[Kirit Parikh]]
|
|Civil engineer; professor emeritus and founder director of [[Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Research]] (IGIDR)
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iitkgp.ac.in/top-awardees/daa1.php?Sl=25|title=Distinguished Alumnus Awardee: Dr. Kirit Shantilal Parikh|website=IIT Kharagpur|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101217001353/http://iitkgp.ac.in/top-awardees/daa1.php?Sl=25|archive-date=17 December 2010|url-status=dead|access-date=4 April 2015|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
|-
|[[K. Radhakrishnan]]
|Ph.D. 2000
|Indian space scientist who [[Chairman of the Indian Space Research Organisation|headed]] the [[Indian Space Research Organisation]] (ISRO)
|<ref name="toi_jan_14">{{cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bangalore/Isro-IISc-men-get-top-national-honour/articleshow/29375165.cms |title=Isro, IISc men get top national honour |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=26 January 2014 |access-date=26 January 2014}}</ref>
|-
|[[Kamal Sagar]]
|B. Arch. 1992
|An architect; chairman and founder of Total Environment
|<ref>{{cite news|url=http://forbesindia.com/article/work-in-progress/total-architecture-different-kind-of-builders/24422/1|title=Total Architecture: Different Kind of Builders|date=29 April 2011}}</ref>

|-
|[[V. Narayanan (engineer)|V. Narayanan]]
|M.Tech. Cryogenic Engineering 1989
PhD Aerospace Engineering 2001
|Aerospace Engineer and Rocket Technologist serving as 11th Chairman of [[ISRO]]
|<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/karnataka/2025/Jan/15/man-behind-indias-cryogenic-engine-takes-the-helm-at-isro |title=Man behind India's cryogenic engine takes the helm at ISRO }}</ref>
|}

==Politics and Administration==
{| class="wikitable"
!Name
!Class Year
!Notability
!References
|-
|[[Arvind Kejriwal]]
|[[B.Tech]] [[Mechanical Engineering]] 1989
|Former [[Chief Minister of Delhi]]
|<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Pradhan|first1=Kunal|last2=Vij-Aurora|first2=Bhavna|date=27 December 2013|title=An Uncommon Life: Delhi Chief Minister Arvind Kejriwal, who led an uncommon life|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/cover-story/story/20140106-newsmaker-2013-arvind-kejriwal-aam-aadmi-party-iit-graduate-769499-1999-11-29|journal=India Today|location=Noida, India|access-date=4 April 2015}}</ref>
|-
|[[Ashok Khemka]]
| [[B.Tech]] [[Computer Science Engineering ]]
1988
|Senior Bureaucrat in the Indian state of [[Haryana]]
|<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/My-conscience-compelled-me-to-speak-up-Ashok-Khemka/articleshow/16844544.cms|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140105162725/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-10-17/india/34524670_1_ashok-khemka-transfer-order-cases-of-land-scams|url-status=live|archive-date=5 January 2014|title=My conscience compelled me to speak up: Ashok Khemka|last=Siwach|first=Sukhbir|date=17 October 2012|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=19 April 2014}}</ref>
|-
|[[Chaudhary Ajit Singh]]
|
|Former minister of [[Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers' Welfare|Agriculture]], [[Ministry of Commerce and Industry (India)|Commerce and Industry]] and [[Ministry of Civil Aviation (India)|Civil Aviation]]
|<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.mid-day.com/news/2011/dec/191211-With-Lucknow-in-mind-Congress-gifts-Ajit-Singh-civil-aviation.htm|title=With Lucknow in mind, Congress gifts Ajit Singh civil aviation|last=Sharma|first=Surender|date=19 December 2011|newspaper=MiD DAY|access-date=9 July 2012|location=Mumbai, India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=6 May 2021|title=RLD Chief Ajit Singh: Political career, age, wife, son, health, daughter and native place|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/information/story/rld-chief-ajit-singh-political-career-age-wife-son-health-daughter-and-native-place-1799481-2021-05-06|work=[[India Today]]|access-date=17 July 2022}}</ref>
|-
|[[Duvvuri Subbarao]]
|[[BSc]] [[Physics]]
1969
|economist and [[List of Governors of Reserve Bank of India|22nd Governor]] of [[Reserve Bank of India]]
|<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1120718/jsp/frontpage/story_15741766.jsp|archive-url=https://archive.today/20150405012625/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1120718/jsp/frontpage/story_15741766.jsp|url-status=dead|archive-date=5 April 2015|title=Inflation? Splitting hair is more easy|date=18 July 2012|newspaper=The Telegraph|access-date=4 April 2015|location=Calcutta, India}}</ref>
|-
|[[Surajit Kar Purkayastha]]
|
|Former [[Director General of Police|DGP]] of [[West Bengal Police]] and [[Police Commissioner of Kolkata]]
|
|}

==Business==
{| class="wikitable"
!Name
!Class Year
!Notability
!References
|-
|[[Ajit Jain]]
|B.Tech. 1972
|President of Berkshire Hathaway Reinsurance Group
|<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052702303877604577380593015786140|title=In Ajit Jain, Some See Next Buffett|last1=Holm|first1=Erik|date=May 5, 2012|newspaper=The Wall Street Journal|access-date=5 April 2015|last2=Ng|first2=Serena|pages=B1–B2}}</ref>
|-
|[[Anuradha Acharya]]
|1995
|Co-founder and CEO of Mapmygenome, a molecular diagnostics company; previously CEO of Ocimum Bio Solutions
|<ref>{{cite journal|last=Singh|first=Shreyasi|date=April 2013|title=A Genealogy of Success|url=http://issuu.com/incindia/docs/inc_india_vol-04_issue-03_april_2013|journal=Inc. India|location=New Delhi|volume=4|issue=3|pages=23–26|access-date=4 April 2015}}</ref>
|-
|[[Arjun Malhotra]]
|
|Co-founder, [[HCL Technologies]]
|
|-
|[[Arun Sarin]]
|
|Former CEO of [[Vodafone]]
|<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tech/tech-news/Arun-Sarin-walks-out-of-Vodafone-rich/articleshow/3120112.cms|title=Arun Sarin walks out of Vodafone rich|date=11 June 2008|work=The Times Of India|access-date=5 April 2015|agency=Press Trust of India (PTI)}}</ref>
|-
|[[B.K. Syngal]]
|
|Former chairman and Managing Director of [[VSNL]]
|
|-
|[[R Gopalakrishnan|Gopalakrishnan R.]]
|
|Former executive director of [[Tata Sons]]
|<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.tata.com/article/inside/Qhy9EZPGrKk=/TLYVr3YPkMU=|title=Gopalakrishnan does not seek re-election on Tata Motors board|date=3 August 2010|newspaper=Business Standard|access-date=5 April 2015}}</ref>
|-
|[[Prith Banerjee]]
|
|Former director of [[HP Labs]], the research wing of Hewlett-Packard
|<ref>{{cite news|url=http://allthingsd.com/20120404/exclusive-hp-labs-head-prith-banerjee-leaving/#|title=Exclusive: HP Labs Head Prith Banerjee Leaving|date=4 April 2012|work=All Things Digital|access-date=4 April 2015}}</ref>
|-
|[[Ramesh Chandra (entrepreneur)|Ramesh Chandra]]
|
|Founder of real estate company [[Unitech Group]]
|<ref>{{cite news|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/articleshow/msid-2733073,prtpage-1.cms|title=Unitech Supremo: A Reluctant Tycoon|last1=Dewan|first1=Neha|date=26 January 2008|newspaper=The Economic Times|access-date=7 February 2012|last2=Mukherjee|first2=Shubham}}</ref>
|-
|[[Ravi Kant (Indian executive)|Ravi Kant]]
|
|Former vice chairman of [[Tata Motors]]
|<ref>{{cite news|url=https://people.forbes.com/profile/ravi-kant/76754|title=Ravi Kant Profile|access-date=3 June 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140420012153/http://www.forbes.com/profile/ravi-kant/|archive-date=20 April 2014|work=Forbes}}</ref>
|-
|[[Rono Dutta]]
|
|CEO of InterGlobe Aviation Limited which operates [[IndiGo]] Airlines. Also President of [[United Airlines]] [1999 - 2002]
|<ref name="Rono Dutta">{{cite web|title=Rono Dutta|url=http://investing.businessweek.com/research/stocks/people/person.asp?personId=309849&ticker=AIR&previousCapId=169142&previousTitle=US%20AIRWAYS%20GROUP%20INC|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121010210442/http://investing.businessweek.com/research/stocks/people/person.asp?personId=309849&ticker=AIR&previousCapId=169142&previousTitle=US%20AIRWAYS%20GROUP%20INC|url-status=dead|archive-date=10 October 2012|publisher=Bloomberg Businessweek|access-date=10 January 2013}}</ref>
|-
|[[Suhas Patil]]
|
|Founder of [[Cirrus Logic]]
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/research/stocks/people/person.asp?personId=558566|title=Suhas S. Patil: Executive Profile & Biography|website=Bloomberg Business|access-date=5 April 2015}}</ref>
|-
|[[Sundar Pichai]]
|B.Tech.
1993
|CEO of [[Google]] and [[Alphabet Inc.|Alphabet inc.]]
|<ref>[http://googleblog.blogspot.com/2015/08/google-alphabet.html G is for Google]</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Srivastava |first=Ishan |last2=Chhapia |first2=Hemali |date=2014-02-02 |title=Chennai's Sundar Pichai is dark horse |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tech-news/chennais-sundar-pichai-is-dark-horse/articleshow/29744299.cms |access-date=2025-06-12 |work=[[The Times of India]] |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
|[[Suresh Vaswani]]
|
|President of [[Dell]] Services
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dell.com/learn/us/en/uscorp1/bios/suresh-vaswani|title=Suresh C. Vaswani|website=Dell|access-date=5 April 2015}}</ref>
|-
|[[Vinod Gupta]]
|
|Founder of InfoUSA, CEO of [[Infofree]] and DatabaseUSA
|<ref>{{cite journal|last=Rogers|first=Bruce|date=7 January 2014|title=Vin Gupta's InfoFree.com Reinvents CRM and Lead Gen Tools For Small Business|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/brucerogers/2014/01/07/vin-guptas-infofree-com-reinvents-crm-and-lead-gen-tools-for-small-business/|journal=Forbes|access-date=4 April 2015}}</ref>
|}

==Arts and Entertainment==
{| class="wikitable"
!Name
!Class Year
!Notability
!References
|-
|[[Rajkumar Barjatya]]
|1962
|Film producer
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/film-producer-rajkumar-barjatya-father-of-sooraj-barjatya-dies-in-mumbai/story-tGu59Mq8reSOnIJ3yaIRJN.html|title=Film producer Rajkumar Barjatya, father of Sooraj Barjatya, dies in Mumbai |work=Hindustan Times |date=21 February 2019 }}</ref>
|-
|[[Sandipan Deb]]
|
|Founder editor of Outlook
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.afaqs.com/news/story/20107_FEs-Sandipan-Deb-to-join-RPG-Groups-publishing-division|title=FE's Sandipan Deb to join RPG Group's publishing division|website=www.afaqs.com|language=en|access-date=2017-12-01}}</ref>
|-
|[[Raj Kamal Jha]]
|
|Chief Editor of [[Indian Express]], writer, novelist
|<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.livemint.com/Leisure/boKAWisoKEuQ3MoYujtXbM/Raj-Kamal-Jha-We-journalists-are-not-the-stories.html|title=Raj Kamal Jha: 'We journalists are not the stories'|last=Soofi|first=Mayank Austen|date=2015-01-10|work=livemint.com/|access-date=2017-12-01}}</ref>
|-
|[[Arunabh Kumar]]
|
|Co-founder of [[The Viral Fever]] (TVF) Media Labs
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/this-iit-kharagpur-alumnus-is-the-brain-behind-the-viral-fever-media/articleshow/46142385.cms|title=This IIT Kharagpur alumnus is the brain behind The Viral Fever Media|last=Saxena|first=Aditi|date=6 February 2015|work=The Economic Times|access-date=21 March 2015}}</ref>
|-
|[[Jitendra Kumar]]
|
|Indian film actor famous for his roles in comedy sketches of [[The Viral Fever]] and ''[[Panchayat (TV series)|Panchayat]]''
|
|-
|[[Bedabrata Pain]]
|
|Former [[NASA]] senior researcher and film director
|<ref>{{cite news|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/chittagong-has-a-sense-of-victory-director/248181-8-66.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120413173806/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/chittagong-has-a-sense-of-victory-director/248181-8-66.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=13 April 2012|title=''Chittagong'' has a sense of victory, says director Bedabrata Pain|last=Vats|first=Rohit|date=12 April 2012|work=IBN Live|access-date=17 April 2012}}</ref>
|-
|[[Biswapati Sarkar]]
|
|Indian writer and director, Former Creative Director at The Viral Fever, currently working at Pushpam Pa Pictures.
|<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/brunch/the-unusual-suspects/story-6iCh1aknfg49D3VCMroBiN.html|title=The unusual suspects|last1=Moorjani|first1=Manit|date=19 January 2013|work=[[Hindustan Times]]|access-date=21 January 2018|language=en}}</ref>
|-
|[[Kiran Seth]]
|
|Founder of Indian culture non-profit [[SPIC MACAY]]; [[Padma Shri]] awardee
|<ref>{{cite news|url=http://dnasyndication.com/dna/article/DNAHM41054|title=Is the magic of classical music fading?|last=Chaturvedi|first=Devika|date=25 February 2011|newspaper=DNA|access-date=5 April 2015|publisher=Diligent Media Corporation|location=Mumbai, India}}</ref>
|-
|[[Biswa Kalyan Rath]]
|
|An Indian [[stand-up comedian]] and writer
|
|}

==Activists==
{| class="wikitable"
!Name
!Class Year
!Notability
!References
|-
|[[Vinayak Lohani]]
|
|
|
|-
|[[Varun Shrivastava]]
|2009
|Founder of UPAY NGO (NGO working for the education and skill development of underprivileged children)
|
|-
|[[J. Sai Deepak]]
|2011
| Lawyer, political commentator, historian and activist
|
|}
== Sports ==
{| class="wikitable"
!Name
!Class Year
!Notability
!References
|-
|[[Malli Mastan Babu]]
|M. Tech. 1998
|Mountaineer
|
|}

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

{{Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur}}
{{Indian Institutes of Technology}}

[[Category:IIT Kharagpur alumni]]
[[Category:Lists of people by university or college in India|Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur alumni]]
[[Category:Indian Institutes of Technology people]]

Sneha Soren

2026-01-05T22:15:53Z

FaustinoRicks4: Done

{{Short description|Indian weightlifter}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2024}}
{{Infobox sportsperson
| headercolor =
| name = Sneha Soren
| image = Sneha Soren at khelo india university game 2023-24.jpg
| image_size = 200px
| caption = Soren at Khelo India University Games 2023–2024
| birth_name =
| fullname =
| nickname =
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| nationality = [[India]]n
| residence =
| alma mater =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|2001|5|2|df=yes}}
| birth_place = Sikharghati, [[Mayurbhanj district|Mayurbhanj]], [[Odisha]], India
| death_date =
| death_place =
| height =
| weight =
| website =
| country = {{IND}}
| sport = [[Olympic weightlifting|Weightlifting]]
| event = 49 kg
| collegeteam =
| universityteam =
| club =
| team =
| turnedpro =
| partner =
| former_partner =
| coach =
| retired =
| coaching =
| worlds =
| regionals =
| nationals =
| olympics =
| paralympics =
| highestranking =
| pb =
| medaltemplates =
{{MedalSport|Women's [[Olympic weightlifting|weightlifting]]}}
{{MedalCountry|{{IND}}}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[South Asian Games]]}}
{{MedalGold|[[2019 South Asian Games|2019 Kathmandu and Pokhara]]|49 kg}}
}}
'''Sneha Soren''' (born 2001) is a woman [[weightlifter]] from [[India]].<ref name="Orisports">{{Cite web |editor-last=Pani |editor-first=Sanatan |title=Personalities |url=https://www.orisports.com/PersonDetails.aspx?pId=Mzk0NQ== |access-date=24 February 2024 |website=Orisports: Encyclopedia of Orissa Sports}}</ref> She won her first international medal at the [[2017 Commonwealth Weightlifting Championships]] held at Gold Coast, Australia,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Commonwealth Senior, Junior & Youth Weightlifting Championships |url=https://sportstalk24.com/commonwealth-senior-junior-youth-weightlifting-championships/ |access-date=24 February 2024 |website=SportsTalk24}}</ref> and she received a bronze medal at the [[2023 National Games of India|2023 National Games]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mohapatra |first=Rajendra Prasad |date=25 October 2023 |title=National Games 2023: Odisha weightlifters Jhilli Dalabehera & Sneha Soren bag bronze medals |url=https://odishatv.in/news/sports/national-games-2023-odisha-weightlifters-jhilli-dalabehera-sneha-soren-bag-bronze-medals-218432 |access-date=24 February 2024 |website=[[Odisha TV]]}}</ref> Soren received the [[Ekalavya Award]] from the [[Government of Odisha]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 December 2020 |title=Hockey star Namita Toppo honoured with Ekalavya Puraskar |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/other-sports/hockey-star-namita-toppo-honoured-with-ekalavya-puraskar/story-WbWNQSbVXzGBJoZFaqB38J.html |access-date=24 February 2024 |website=[[Hindustan Times]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=9 November 2020 |title=Weightlifter Sneha Soren nominated for the Ekalabya citation |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/sport/other/2020/Nov/09/weightlifter-sneha-soren-nominated-for-theekalabya-citation-2221329.html |access-date=24 February 2024 |website=[[The New Indian Express]]}}</ref>
==Personal life==
Sneha Soren was born at Sikharghati of [[Mayurbhanj]], [[Odisha]], near [[Betnoti]], to Bada and Chhita Soren. She completed her schooling from Krushna Chnadrapur New Govt High School and intermediate from Sriram Chandra Bhanj Junior College Ragdha Mayurbhanj. She is studying for her Bachelor of Arts degree at [[Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology]].<ref name="Orisports" />
==Career==
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Soren's standing in different events
|-
! SL No !! Date !! Event !! Venue!! Level !! Standing
|-
| 1 || 3–9 September 2017 ||[[Commonwealth Youth Games|Commonwealth Youth Weightlifting Championships]]|| Gold Coast, Australia || International || Gold<ref>{{Cite report |url=https://iwlf.in/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/Report-Commonwealth-Sr-Jr-Youth-C-ships-Gold-Coast.pdf |title=2017 Commonwealth Senior (Men & Women) Weightlifting Championships |date=2017 |publisher=[[Indian Weightlifting Federation]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web| title=Report - 2017 commonwealth senior (men & women) weightlifting championships [qualification event for 2018 commonwealth games] held at gold coast, Australia | date=September 2017 | url=https://iwlf.in/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/Report-Commonwealth-Sr-Jr-Youth-C-ships-Gold-Coast.pdf | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220520013933/https://iwlf.in/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/Report-Commonwealth-Sr-Jr-Youth-C-ships-Gold-Coast.pdf | archive-date=2022-05-20}}</ref>
|-
| 2|| 20–30 April 2018 || [[Asian Youth Games|Asian Youth Weightlifting Championships]]|| Urgench, Uzbekistan || International || Bronze<ref>{{Cite web |title=Asian Youth & Junior Championships 2018 |url=https://sportstalk24.com/asian-youth-junior-championships-2018/ |access-date=26 February 2024 |website=SportsTalk24}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web| title=Report - 20th Asian youth (boys & girls) weightlifting championships held at Urgench, Uzbekistan | date=April 2018 | url=https://iwlf.in/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/Report-Asian-Youth-and-Junior-C-ships-Urgench-April-2018.pdf | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220520004950/https://iwlf.in/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/Report-Asian-Youth-and-Junior-C-ships-Urgench-April-2018.pdf | archive-date=2022-05-20}}</ref>
|-
| 3 || 9–15 July 2019 || [[Commonwealth Youth Games|Commonwealth Youth Weightlifting Championships]] || Apia, Samoa ||International || Silver<ref name="Orisports" /><ref>{{Cite web| title=Report - 2019 commonwealth junior (men & women) weightlifting championships held at Apia, Samoa | date=July 2019 | url=https://iwlf.in/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/Report-Commonwealth-Jr-Championships-2019.pdf | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220520015510/https://iwlf.in/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/Report-Commonwealth-Jr-Championships-2019.pdf | archive-date=2022-05-20}}</ref>
|-
| 4 || 18–27 September 2019 || [[South Asian Games]]|| Pokhara, Nepal ||International|| Gold<ref>{{Cite web |last=Chhabria |first=Vinay |date=9 December 2019 |title=South Asian Games 2019 Medal Tally: India's Dalabehara Jhilli and Soren Sneha win the gold medal in women's weightlifting |url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/weight-lifting/south-asian-games-2019-india-s-dalabehara-jhilli-and-soren-sneha-win-the-gold-medal-in-women-s-weightlifting |access-date=26 February 2024 |website=[[Sportskeeda]]}}</ref>
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{sports links}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Soren, Sneha}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:2001 births]]
[[Category:Indian female weightlifters]]
[[Category:Weightlifters from Odisha]]
[[Category:Sportswomen from Odisha]]
[[Category:People from Mayurbhanj district]]
[[Category:Santali people]]
[[Category:South Asian Games gold medalists for India]]
[[Category:South Asian Games medalists in weightlifting]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian sportswomen]]

Pranali Ghogare

2025-10-27T13:04:58Z

FaustinoRicks4: created bio!

{{short description|Indian actress}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2022}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Pranali Ghogare
| image =
| caption =
| birth_date =
| birth_place =
| alma mater =
| other names = Prranali
| occupation = Actress
| years_active = 2014–present
| known_for = ''[[Mere Rang Mein Rangne Waali]]'' ''[[Guddu Engineer]]'' ''[[List of Marathi films of 2018|Ranangan]]''
}}

'''Pranali Ghogare''' is an Indian actress who primarily works in [[Hindi cinema|Hindi]], [[Telugu cinema|Telugu]] and [[Tamil cinema|Tamil]] films and [[Television in India|Hindi]] television. She made her acting debut in 2014 with ''[[Mere Rang Mein Rangne Waali]]'' portraying Radha Pathak Chaturvedi. She made her [[Bollywood|Hindi]] film debut with [[Nikhil Advani]]'s Short film ''[[Guddu Engineer]]'' in 2016.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pranali Ghogare takes the internet by storm with her alluring throwback pictures; check them out |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/pranali-ghogare-takes-the-internet-by-storm-with-her-alluring-throwback-pictures-check-them-out/articleshow/77198480.cms |access-date=30 July 2020}}</ref>

In 2018, Ghogare made her [[Marathi cinema|Marathi]] film debut with ''[[List of Marathi films of 2018|Ranangan]]'' and [[Telugu cinema|Telugu]] film debut with ''[[List of Telugu films of 2018|Manchukurisevelalo]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pranali Ghogare shares her stunning throwback picture from her vacation days |access-date=18 April 2022 |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/pranali-ghogare-shares-her-stunning-throwback-picture-from-her-vacation-days/articleshow/75174632.cms}}</ref>

==Career==
Ghogare made her acting debut with ''[[Mere Rang Mein Rangne Waali]]''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Life OK launches new TV serial, Rajshri Production's 'Mere Rang Mein Rangne Wali' |work=Bollywood Hungama |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/parties-and-events/life-ok-launches-new-tv-serial-mere-rang-mein-rangne-wali/life-ok-launches-new-tv-serial-mere-rang-mein-rangne-wali-10/ |access-date=10 May 2015}}</ref> portraying Radha Pathak Chaturvedi opposite [[Samridh Bawa]] from 2014 to 2015.<ref>{{Cite web |title='Mere Rang Mein Rangnewali' to go off air on 10 July - The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Mere-Rang-Mein-Rangnewali-to-go-off-air-on-10-July/articleshow/47717982.cms |website=The Times of India |access-date=24 July 2015}}</ref>

She made her film debut in 2016 with the [[Bollywood|Hindi]] short film ''[[Guddu Engineer]]'', portraying Sonia opposite Prabuddh Dyma. It proved as a major turning point in her career.<ref>{{Cite web |title=WATCH! Nikhil Advani's Short Film 'Guddu Engineer' On ZEE5 |work=ZEE5 |access-date=25 July 2017 |url=https://www.zee5.com/movies/details/guddu-engineer/0-0-movie_167826817}}</ref>

In 2018, Ghogare made her [[Marathi cinema|Marathi]] film debut with ''[[List of Marathi films of 2018|Ranangan]]'' portraying Sanika Deshmukh opposite [[Siddharth Chandekar]]. It received mixed to positive reviews from critics.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ranangan Movie Review: It starts off on a good note and builds up a decent and gripping premise |work=The Times of India |access-date=12 May 2018 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movie-reviews/ranangan/amp_movie_review/64126256.cms}}</ref> The same year, she portrayed [[Durdhara]] opposite [[Kartikey Malviya]] in ''[[Chandragupta Maurya (2018 TV series)|Chandragupta Maurya]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.abplive.in/videos/sony-tv-brings-history-of-chandragupta-maurya-after-serial-porus-ends-771774 |title=Sony TV brings history of Chandragupta Maurya after serial Porus ends |date=24 October 2018 |website=ABP Live |language=en-US |access-date=7 August 2019 |archive-date=7 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190807022438/https://www.abplive.in/videos/sony-tv-brings-history-of-chandragupta-maurya-after-serial-porus-ends-771774 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

She made her [[Telugu cinema|Telugu]] film debut in 2018, with ''[[List of Telugu films of 2018|Manchukurisevelalo]]'' portraying Geetha opposite Ram Karthik. The film received mostly mixed reviews.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ram Karthik and Pranali Ghogare's Manchukurisevelalo |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movie-details/manchukurisevelalo/movieshow/67252623.cms |access-date=9 January 2019}}</ref>

Ghogare portrayed Poorva Mishra Tripathi in ''[[Rajaa Betaa]]'' opposite Dishank Arora in 2019.<ref>{{Cite web |title=After Sambhabana Mohanty's exit, Pranali Ghoghare to play the new heroine in 'Rajaa Betaa' |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/after-sambhabana-mohantys-exit-pranali-ghoghare-to-play-the-new-heroine-in-rajaa-betaa/articleshow/71066049.cms |access-date=11 September 2019}}</ref> The same year, she portrayed Risha in the Hindi film ''[[Fastey Fasaatey]]'' opposite Nachiket Narvekar. It received mostly negative reviews.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-reviews/fastey-fasaatey/amp_movie_review/69876984.cms |title=FASTEY FASAATEY MOVIE REVIEW: The story is predictable; quite average |work=The Times of India |access-date=22 June 2019}}</ref>

In 2022, she portrayed Meena in ''[[Human (TV series)|Human]]'', marking her web debut. It received positive reviews from critics.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kotwani |first=Hiren |date=14 January 2022 |title=Human Season 1 Review : A compelling medical thriller packed with some brilliant performances |work=[[The Times of India]] |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/web-series/reviews/hindi/human/season-1/seasonreview/88697081.cms}}</ref>

==Filmography==
===Films===
{{Pending films key}}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year
! Title
! Role
! Language
! Notes
! Ref.
|-
|2016
|''[[Guddu Engineer]]''
|Sonia
|[[Hindi]]
|Short film
|
|-
|rowspan="2"|2018
|''[[Ranangan]]''
|Sanika Varad Deshmukh
|[[Marathi language|Marathi]]
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sachin Pilgaonkar and Swwapnil Joshi come together for 'Ranangan' |access-date=10 March 2018 |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/sachin-pilgaonkar-and-swwapnil-joshi-come-together-for-ranangan/articleshow/63238586.cms}}</ref>
|-
|''Manchukurisevelalo''
|Geetha
|[[Telugu language|Telugu]]
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ram Karthik and Pranali Ghogare's Manchukurisevelalo - Official Teaser |work=The Times of India |access-date=29 December 2018 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/regional/telugu/manchukurisevelalo-official-teaser/videoshow/67258081.cms#_ga=2.99183198.1961641228.1660404638-amp-2tmPd8oAjfyJA2CCHFxuUcZjNuKDCxcRLLeMnPsDlLy6qolCDhUwcs3fsZRtbKjB}}</ref>
|-
|2019
|''Fastey Fasaatey''
|Risha
|Hindi
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Check 'Fastey Fasaatey' (2019) Box-Office Collections - India |work=Bollywood Hungama |access-date=10 December 2019 |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/fastey-fasaatey/box-office/}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" |2023
|''[[Ariyavan]]''
|Jessie
|[[Tamil language|Tamil]]
|credited as Prranali
|
|-
|''[[The Kerala Story]]''
|Shaziya
|[[Hindi language|Hindi]]
|
|
|}

===Television===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year
! Title
! Role
! Notes
! Ref.
|-
|2014-2015
|''[[Mere Rang Mein Rangne Waali]]''
|Radha Pathak Chaturvedi
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Exclusive! Why Pranali Ghogare is on cloud nine.... |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/why-preeti-ghogare-is-on-cloud-nine-/articleshow/45660580.cms#_ga=2.94644828.1961641228.1660404638-amp-2tmPd8oAjfyJA2CCHFxuUcZjNuKDCxcRLLeMnPsDlLy6qolCDhUwcs3fsZRtbKjB |access-date=30 December 2014}}</ref>
|-
|2018
|''[[Chandragupta Maurya (2018 TV series)|Chandragupta Maurya]]''
|Young [[Durdhara]]
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment/telly-talk/gossip/article/popular-historical-drama-chandragupta-maurya-to-go-off-air-from-august/466609 |title=Popular historical drama Chandragupta Maurya to go off air from August 30 |website=Times Now |access-date=15 July 2019}}</ref>
|-
|2019
|''[[Rajaa Betaa]]''
|Poorva Mishra Tripathi
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=WATCH! Dishank Arora and Pranali Ghogare's 'Rajaa Betaa' on ZEE5 |work=ZEE5 |access-date=5 July 2020 |url=https://www.zee5.com/tv-shows/details/rajaa-betaa/0-6-1240}}</ref>
|}

===Web series===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year
! Title
! Role
! Notes
! Ref.
|-
|2022
|''[[Human (TV series)|Human]]''
|Meena
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=WATCH! All Episode's Of Hotstar Special's 'Human' |work=Disney+Hotstar |access-date=10 July 2022 |url=https://www.hotstar.com/in/tv/human/1260077204}}</ref>
|}

==See also==
*[[List of Indian television actresses]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb name|8007542}}

[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian film actresses]]
[[Category:Indian television actresses]]
[[Category:Indian web series actresses]]
[[Category:Actresses in Hindi cinema]]
[[Category:Actresses in Marathi cinema]]
[[Category:Actresses in Telugu cinema]]
[[Category:Actresses in Tamil cinema]]
[[Category:Actresses in Hindi television]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]

2012 I-League 2nd Division final round

2025-10-22T02:39:39Z

FaustinoRicks4: added basic info w/ infobox!

{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2022}}
{{infobox football tournament season
| title = I-League 2nd Division final round
| year = 2012
| country = India
| image =
| num_teams = 7
| champions = [[ONGC F.C.|ONGC]]
| runner-up = [[United Sikkim F.C.|United Sikkim]]
| prevseason = [[2011 I-League 2nd Division final round|2011]]
| nextseason = [[2013 I-League 2nd Division final round|2013]]
}}
{{main|2012 I-League 2nd Division}}

The '''2012 [[I-League 2|I-League 2nd Division]] final round''' will be the fifth Final Round of the I-League 2nd Division. The tournament began, after the group stage was completed, on 5 March 2012.

==Format==
The final round of the 2012 I-League 2nd Division will take place between six teams from the group stage and a seventh club, [[ONGC F.C.|ONGC]] who were relegated from the [[I-League 2010-11|2010-11 I-League]] season, in a single table format in which each team plays each other twice, once in [[Siliguri]] and once in [[Gangtok]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://the-aiff.com/pages/news/index.php?Me_Id%3D193 |title = The AIFF |access-date=2012-02-21 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120203113613/http://www.the-aiff.com/pages/news/index.php?Me_Id=193 |archive-date=2012-02-03 }}</ref> The top two teams at the end of the Final Round were promoted to the [[2012–13 I-League]] replacing the two last place teams in the [[2011–12 I-League]].

==Qualification==
The top two clubs from each group, based on final point totals, qualified for the final round. [[Mohammedan Sporting Club (Kolkata)|Mohammedan]] were the first club to qualify for the final round.

=== Group A ===

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
!width="175"|Team
!width="20"|{{Tooltip| Pld | Played}}
!width="20"|{{Tooltip| W | Won}}
!width="20"|{{Tooltip| D | Drawn}}
!width="20"|{{Tooltip| L | Lost}}
!width="20"|{{Tooltip| GF | Goals for}}
!width="20"|{{Tooltip| GA | Goals against}}
!width="20"|{{Tooltip| GD | Goal difference}}
!width="20"|{{Tooltip| Pts | Points}}
!width="20"| Qualification
|- bgcolor="#ccffcc"
|align=left| [[Royal Wahingdoh F.C.|Royal Wahingdoh]]
|7||5||2||0||18||7||+11||'''17''' || Final Round
|- bgcolor="#ccffcc"
|align=left| [[Kalighat Milan Sangha FC|Kalighat]]
|7||5||1||1||20||6||+14||'''16''' || Final Round
|-
|align=left| [[SESA Football Academy|SESA]]
|7||4||2||1||15||9||+6||'''14'''
|-
|align=left| [[Techno Aryan F.C.|Techno Aryan]]
|7||2||3||2||13||8||+5||'''9'''
|-
|align=left| [[Samaleswari S.C.|Samaleswari]]
|7||2||2||3||13||14||-1||'''8'''
|-
|align=left| [[Kenkre F.C.|Kenkre]]
|7||2||1||4||2||16||-14||'''7'''
|-
|align=left| [[Gauhati Town Club]]
|7||2||0||5||11||14||-3||'''6'''
|-
|align=left| [[Quartz S.C.|Quartz]]
|7||0||1||6||4||29||-25||'''1'''
|}

=== Group B ===

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
!width="175"|Team
!width="20"|{{Tooltip| Pld | Played}}
!width="20"|{{Tooltip| W | Won}}
!width="20"|{{Tooltip| D | Drawn}}
!width="20"|{{Tooltip| L | Lost}}
!width="20"|{{Tooltip| GF | Goals for}}
!width="20"|{{Tooltip| GA | Goals against}}
!width="20"|{{Tooltip| GD | Goal difference}}
!width="20"|{{Tooltip| Pts | Points}}
!width="20"| Qualification
|- bgcolor="#ccffcc"
|align=left| [[Mohammedan Sporting Club (Kolkata)|Mohammedan]]
|7||6||1||0||15||4||+11||'''19''' || Final Round
|- bgcolor="#ccffcc"
|align=left| [[Vasco S.C.|Vasco]]
|7||5||1||1||16||6||+10||'''16''' || Final Round
|-
|align=left| [[Langsning F.C.|Langsning]]
|7||4||1||2||10||8||+2||'''13'''
|-
|align=left| [[KGF Academy]]
|7||3||0||4||15||13||+2||'''9'''
|-
|align=left| [[Simla Youngs F.C.|Simla Youngs]]
|7||1||4||2||8||9||-1||'''7'''
|-
|align=left| [[Golden Threads F.C.|Golden Threads]]
|7||2||1||4||12||18||-6||'''7'''
|-
|align=left| [[Luangmual F.C.|Luangmaul]]
|7||1||2||4||8||17||-9||'''5'''
|-
|align=left| [[PIFA F.C.|PIFA]]
|7||0||2||5||5||14||-9||'''2'''
|-
|}

=== Group C ===

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
!width="175"|Team
!width="20"|{{Tooltip| Pld | Played}}
!width="20"|{{Tooltip| W | Won}}
!width="20"|{{Tooltip| D | Drawn}}
!width="20"|{{Tooltip| L | Lost}}
!width="20"|{{Tooltip| GF | Goals for}}
!width="20"|{{Tooltip| GA | Goals against}}
!width="20"|{{Tooltip| GD | Goal difference}}
!width="20"|{{Tooltip| Pts | Points}}
!width="30"| Qualification
|- bgcolor="#ccffcc"
|align=left| [[United Sikkim F.C.|United Sikkim]]
|6||4||1||1||18||11|||+7||'''13''' || Final Round
|- bgcolor="#ccffcc"
|align=left| [[Aizawl F.C.|Aizawl]]
|6||4||1||1||11||4||+7||'''13''' || Final Round
|-
|align=left| [[Ar-Hima F.C.|Ar-Hima]]
|6||3||2||1||18||12||+6||'''11'''
|-
|align=left| [[Green Valley F.C.|Green Valley]]
|6||1||5||0||11||10||1||'''8'''
|-
|align=left| [[Southern Samity]]
|6||1||2||3||8||10||-2||'''5'''
|-
|align=left| [[Bhawanipore F.C.|Bhawanipore]]
|6||0||3||3||8||11||-3||'''3'''
|-
|align=left| [[Eagles F.C.|Eagles]]
|6||1||0||5||4||20||-16||'''3'''
|-
|}

{{location map+ |India
|float=right |width=300
|caption=Location of teams in the 2012 I-League 2nd Division
|places=
{{location map~ |India |lat=27.20 |long=88.37 |label=<div style="font-size:80%;">[[United Sikkim F.C.|United Sikkim]]</div>|position=right}}
{{location map~ |India |lat=15.24 |long=73.80 |label=<div style="font-size:80%;">[[Vasco S.C.|Vasco]]</div>|position=left}}
{{location map~ |India |lat=22.34 |long=88.22 |label=<div style="font-size:80%;">[[Mohammedan Sporting Club (Kolkata)|Mahammedan]]</div>|position=bottom}}
{{location map~ |India |lat=23.25 |long=92.56 |label=<div style="font-size:80%;">[[Aizawl F.C.|Aizawl]]</div>|position=right}}
{{location map~ |India |lat=18.58 |long=72.70 |label=<div style="font-size:80%;">[[ONGC F.C.|ONGC]]</div>|position=right}}
{{location map~ |India |lat=25.34 |long=91.53 |label=<div style="font-size:80%;">[[Royal Wahingdoh F.C.|Royal Wahingdoh]]</div>|position=left}}
{{location map~ |India |lat=22.34 |long=88.22 |label=<div style="font-size:80%;">[[Kalighat Milan Sangha FC|Kalighat]]</div>|position=left}}
}}

==Final round table==
<onlyinclude>{{#invoke:sports table|main|style=WDL
|res_col_header=QR
|team1=ONGC|name_ONGC=[[ONGC F.C.|ONGC]]
|team2=UNI|name_UNI=[[United Sikkim F.C.|United Sikkim]]
|team3=MOH|name_MOH=[[Mohammedan S.C. (Kolkata)|Mohammedan]]
|team4=ROY|name_ROY=[[Royal Wahingdoh F.C.|Royal Wahingdoh]]
|team5=KAL|name_KAL=[[Kalighat Milan Sangha FC|Kalighat]]
|team6=VAS|name_VAS=[[Vasco S.C.|Vasco]]
|team7=AIZ|name_AIZ=[[Aizawl F.C.|Aizawl]]

|win_UNI=6|draw_UNI=4|loss_UNI=2|gf_UNI=22|ga_UNI=17
|win_ONGC=6|draw_ONGC=4|loss_ONGC=2|gf_ONGC=20|ga_ONGC=9
|win_MOH=6|draw_MOH=3|loss_MOH=3|gf_MOH=15|ga_MOH=11
|win_ROY=5|draw_ROY=1|loss_ROY=6|gf_ROY=14|ga_ROY=14
|win_KAL=4|draw_KAL=4|loss_KAL=4|gf_KAL=18|ga_KAL=15
|win_VAS=3|draw_VAS=4|loss_VAS=5|gf_VAS=18|ga_VAS=23
|win_AIZ=1|draw_AIZ=2|loss_AIZ=9|gf_AIZ=13|ga_AIZ=31

|col_P=#D0F0C0|text_P=Promotion to [[2012–13 I-League]]
|result1=P|result2=P

|class_rules=1) points; 2) goal difference; 3) number of goals scored.
|update=complete
|source=[http://www.the-aiff.com/pages/tournament/tournament-fixtures.php?tournamentdetail=87 The AIFF]
}}</onlyinclude>

==Fixtures and results==
The All India Football Federation released the schedule for the Siliguri and Gangtok phase of the Final Round on 24 February 2012.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://the-aiff.com/pages/tournament/tournament-fixtures.php?tournamentdetail%3D87 |title = The AIFF |access-date=2012-02-25 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120411200457/http://www.the-aiff.com/pages/tournament/tournament-fixtures.php?tournamentdetail=87 |archive-date=2012-04-11 }}</ref>

===Siliguri phase===

==== Match day 1 ====
Monday, 5 March 2012
{{football box collapsible
|team1=[[ONGC F.C.|ONGC]]
|team2=[[Aizawl F.C.|Aizawl]]
|stadium =[[Kanchenjunga Stadium]]
|date= 12:00pm [[Indian Standard Time|IST]] ([[UTC+5:30]])
|time= 12:00pm [[Indian Standard Time|IST]] ([[UTC+5:30]])
|score = 5 – 0
|report = [http://www.thehindu.com/sport/football/article2964516.ece Report]
|goals1 = [[Ainil Bakar|Bakar]] Gawas [[Jatin Singh|J. Singh]] (2 goals) P. Singh
|goals2 =
|attendance =
|nobars = 1
}}

{{football box collapsible
|team1=[[United Sikkim F.C.|United Sikkim]]
|team2=[[Vasco S.C.|Vasco]]
|stadium =[[Kanchenjunga Stadium]]
|date= 3:00pm [[Indian Standard Time|IST]] ([[UTC+5:30]])
|time= 3:00pm [[Indian Standard Time|IST]] ([[UTC+5:30]])
|score = 3 – 2
|report = [http://isikkim.com/2012-02-united-sikkim-beats-vasco-3-2-ongc-thrash-aizwal-5-0-05-11/ Report]
|goals1 = [[Daniel Bedemi|Bedemi]] {{goal|12||74}} [[Babatunde John|John]] {{goal|22}}
|goals2 = [[Jerose Olivera|Olivera]] {{goal|48}} [[Andrew Igago|Igago]] {{goal|85}}
|attendance =
|nobars = 1
}}
----
Tuesday, 6 March 2012
{{football box collapsible
|team1=[[Mohammedan Sporting Club (Kolkata)|Mohammedan]]
|team2=[[Kalighat Milan Sangha FC|Kalighat]]
|stadium =[[Kanchenjunga Stadium]]
|date= 12:00pm [[Indian Standard Time|IST]] ([[UTC+5:30]])
|time= 12:00pm [[Indian Standard Time|IST]] ([[UTC+5:30]])
|score = 1 – 0
|report = [http://www.thehindu.com/sport/football/article2967663.ece Report]
|goals1 = [[Mohammad Mukhtar|Mukhtar]] {{goal|80}}
|goals2 =
|attendance =
|nobars = 1
}}

==== Match day 2 ====
Thursday, 8 March 2012
{{football box collapsible
|team1=[[Kalighat Milan Sangha FC|Kalighat]]
|team2=[[Aizawl F.C.|Aizawl]]
|stadium =[[Kanchenjunga Stadium]]
|date= 12:00pm [[Indian Standard Time|IST]] ([[UTC+5:30]])
|time= 12:00pm [[Indian Standard Time|IST]] ([[UTC+5:30]])
|score = 3 – 0
|report = [https://archive.today/20131130182726/http://www.zofooty.com/2012/03/kalinghat-ms-3-0-aizawl-f-c-tlawm-vawihnihna/ Report]
|goals1 = [[Mario Rodrigues|Rodrigues]] {{goal|8}} [[Wahid Adenkule|Adenkule]] {{goal|33||60}}
|goals2 =
|attendance =
|nobars = 1
}}

{{football box collapsible
|team1=[[Royal Wahingdoh F.C.|Royal Wahingdoh]]
|team2=[[Vasco S.C.|Vasco]]
|stadium = [[Kanchenjunga Stadium]]
|date= 3:00pm [[Indian Standard Time|IST]] ([[UTC+5:30]])
|time= 3:00pm [[Indian Standard Time|IST]] ([[UTC+5:30]])
|score = 1 – 1
|report =
|goals1 = [[Saath Satiyasen|Satiyasen]] {{goal|87}}
|goals2 = [[Aiken Dias|Dias]] {{goal|5}}
|attendance =
|nobars = 1
}}
----
Saturday, 10 March 2012
{{football box collapsible
|team1=[[Mohammedan Sporting Club (Kolkata)|Mohammedan]]
|team2=[[ONGC F.C.|ONGC]]
|stadium =[[Kanchenjunga Stadium]]
|date= 2:30pm [[Indian Standard Time|IST]] ([[UTC+5:30]])
|time= 2:30pm [[Indian Standard Time|IST]] ([[UTC+5:30]])
|score = 0 – 1
|report = [https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2012/03/10/india/i-league-2nd-division/mohammedan-sporting-club/ongc/1262317/ Report]
|goals1 =
|goals2 = [[Katsumi Yusa|Yusa]] {{goal|42}}
|attendance =
|nobars = 1
}}

==== Match day 3 ====
Monday, 12 March 2012
{{football box collapsible
|team1=[[United Sikkim F.C.|United Sikkim]]
|team2=[[ONGC F.C.|ONGC]]
|stadium =[[Kanchenjunga Stadium]]
|date= 4:00pm [[Indian Standard Time|IST]] ([[UTC+5:30]])
|time= 4:00pm [[Indian Standard Time|IST]] ([[UTC+5:30]])
|score = 4 – 2
|report = [http://kolkatafootball.com/live_update/index.html Report]
|goals1 = [[Daniel Bedemi|Bedemi]] {{goal|2||12}} [[Quinton Jacobs|Jacobs]] {{goal|58}} [[Hiralal Chattri|Chattri]] {{goal|70}}
|goals2 = [[Katsumi Yusa|Yusa]] {{goal|68}} Singh {{goal|87}}
|attendance =
|nobars = 1
}}

{{football box collapsible
|team1=[[Kalighat Milan Sangha FC|Kalighat]]
|team2=[[Royal Wahingdoh F.C.|Royal Wahingdoh]]
|stadium =[[Kanchenjunga Stadium]]
|date= 8:30pm [[Indian Standard Time|IST]] ([[UTC+5:30]])
|time= 8:30pm [[Indian Standard Time|IST]] ([[UTC+5:30]])
|score = 0 – 1
|report = [https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2012/03/12/india/i-league-2nd-division/kalighat-fc/royal-wahingdoh-fc/1262321/ Report]
|goals1 =
|goals2 = [[Kareem Omolaja|Omolaja]] {{goal|45}}
|attendance =
|nobars = 1
}}
----
Tuesday, 13 March 2012
{{football box collapsible
|team1=[[Mohammedan Sporting Club (Kolkata)|Mohammedan]]
|team2=[[Vasco S.C.|Vasco]]
|stadium =[[Kanchenjunga Stadium]]
|date= 2:30pm [[Indian Standard Time|IST]] ([[UTC+5:30]])
|time= 2:30pm [[Indian Standard Time|IST]] ([[UTC+5:30]])
|score = 2 – 0
|report = [https://archive.today/20130125130839/http://www.goal.com/en-ie/match/77174/mohammedan-sporting-vs-vasco-sports-club/lineup-stats Report]
|goals1 = [[Shankar Sil|Sil]] {{goal|45}} Okoroigwe {{goal|51}}
|goals2 =
|attendance =
|nobars = 1
}}

==== Match day 4 ====
Thursday, 15 March 2012
{{football box collapsible
|team1=[[Kalighat Milan Sangha FC|Kalighat]]
|team2=[[United Sikkim F.C.|United Sikkim]]
|stadium =[[Kanchenjunga Stadium]]
|date= 2:30pm [[Indian Standard Time|IST]] ([[UTC+5:30]])
|time= 2:30pm [[Indian Standard Time|IST]] ([[UTC+5:30]])
|score = 2 – 3
|report = [https://web.archive.org/web/20120320191644/http://isikkim.com/2012-03-i-league-ii-div-united-sikkim-defeats-kalighat-3-2-after-trailing-16-01/ Report]
|goals1 = [[Michael Tayo]] {{goal|20}} Kunal Ghosh {{goal|88}}
|goals2 = [[Daniel Bedemi|Bedemi]] {{goal|53}} [[Quinton Jacobs|Jacobs]] {{goal|72||76}}
|attendance =
|nobars = 1
}}

{{football box collapsible
|team1=[[Vasco S.C.|Vasco]]
|team2=[[Aizawl F.C.|Aizawl]]
|stadium =[[Kanchenjunga Stadium]]
|date= 2:30pm [[Indian Standard Time|IST]] ([[UTC+5:30]])
|time= 2:30pm [[Indian Standard Time|IST]] ([[UTC+5:30]])
|score = 2 – 1
|report = [http://aizawlfc.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=163:aizawl-fc-vs-vasco-sc&catid=53:slides Report]
|goals1 = [[Julius Akpele|Akpele]] {{goal|10}} [[Ankit Yadav|Yadav]] {{goal|45}}
|goals2 = [[Lalbikhula]] {{goal|80}}
|attendance =
|nobars = 1
}}
----
Friday, 16 March 2012
{{football box collapsible
|team1=[[Royal Wahingdoh F.C.|Royal Wahingdoh]]
|team2=[[ONGC F.C.|ONGC]]
|stadium =[[Kanchenjunga Stadium]]
|date= 2:30pm [[Indian Standard Time|IST]] ([[UTC+5:30]])
|time= 2:30pm [[Indian Standard Time|IST]] ([[UTC+5:30]])
|score = 0 – 3
|report = [http://www.indiansportsnews.com/component/content/article/38-local-sports/10796-wahingdoh-comes-out-victorious.html Report]
|goals1 = N/A
|goals2 = N/A
|attendance =
|nobars = 1
}}

==== Match day 5 ====
Sunday, 18 March 2012
{{football box collapsible
|team1=[[Vasco S.C.|Vasco]]
|team2=[[ONGC F.C.|ONGC]]
|stadium =[[Kanchenjunga Stadium]]
|date= 2:30pm [[Indian Standard Time|IST]] ([[UTC+5:30]])
|time= 2:30pm [[Indian Standard Time|IST]] ([[UTC+5:30]])
|score = 1 – 1
|report = [http://www.goal.com/en-ie/match/77178/vasco-sports-club-vs-ongc/lineup-stats Report]
|goals1 = [[Kailash Patil|Patil]]
|goals2 = [[Jerose Oliveira|Oliveira]]
|attendance =
|nobars = 1
}}

{{football box collapsible
|team1=[[Mohammedan Sporting Club (Kolkata)|Mohammedan]]
|team2=[[Aizawl F.C.|Aizawl]]
|stadium =[[Kanchenjunga Stadium]]
|date= 4:30pm [[Indian Standard Time|IST]] ([[UTC+5:30]])
|time= 4:30pm [[Indian Standard Time|IST]] ([[UTC+5:30]])
|score = 4 – 3
|report = [http://www.zofooty.com/2012/03/mohammedan-sc-4-3-aizawl-fc-chakloh-vawi-4-na/ Report]
|goals1 = Okoroigwe {{goal|28||31||63}} [[Alfred K Jaryan|Jaryan]] {{goal|43}}
|goals2 = ???
|attendance =
|nobars = 1
}} {{Dead link|date=August 2013|bot=Theo's Little Bot}}
----
Monday, 19 March 2012
{{football box collapsible
|team1=[[Royal Wahingdoh F.C.|Royal Wahingdoh]]
|team2=[[United Sikkim F.C.|United Sikkim]]
|stadium =[[Kanchenjunga Stadium]]
|date= 3:00pm [[Indian Standard Time|IST]] ([[UTC+5:30]])
|time= 3:00pm [[Indian Standard Time|IST]] ([[UTC+5:30]])
|score = 0 – 2
|report = [https://web.archive.org/web/20120325102706/http://isikkim.com/2012-03-united-sikkim-keeps-momentum-beats-royal-wahingdoh-fc-2-0-19-07/ Report]
|goals1 =
|goals2 = [[Quinton Jacobs|Jacobs]] {{goal|23}} [[Daniel Bedemi|Bedemi]] {{goal|52}}
|attendance =
|nobars = 1
}}

==== Match day 6 ====
Wednesday, 21 March 2012
{{football box collapsible
|team1=[[Kalighat Milan Sangha FC|Kalighat]]
|team2=[[ONGC F.C.|ONGC]]
|stadium =[[Kanchenjunga Stadium]]
|date= 3:00pm [[Indian Standard Time|IST]] ([[UTC+5:30]])
|time= 3:00pm [[Indian Standard Time|IST]] ([[UTC+5:30]])
|score = 0 – 0
|report = [https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2012/03/21/india/i-league-2nd-division/kalighat-fc/ongc/1262329/ Report]
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
|attendance =
|nobars = 1
}}

{{football box collapsible
|team1=[[Mohammedan Sporting Club (Kolkata)|Mohammedan]]
|team2=[[Royal Wahingdoh F.C.|Royal Wahingdoh]]
|stadium =[[Kanchenjunga Stadium]]
|date= 5:00pm [[Indian Standard Time|IST]] ([[UTC+5:30]])
|time= 5:00pm [[Indian Standard Time|IST]] ([[UTC+5:30]])
|score = 1 – 3
|report =
|goals1 = Mondal {{goal|5}}
|goals2 = [[Saath Satiyasen]] {{goal|27||90}} [[Malswama Kima|Kima]] {{goal|37}}
|attendance =
|nobars = 1
}}
----
Thursday, 22 March 2012
{{football box collapsible
|team1=[[Aizawl F.C.|Aizawl]]
|team2=[[United Sikkim F.C.|United Sikkim]]
|stadium =[[Kanchenjunga Stadium]]
|date= 3:00pm [[Indian Standard Time|IST]] ([[UTC+5:30]])
|time= 3:00pm [[Indian Standard Time|IST]] ([[UTC+5:30]])
|score = 1 – 1
|report = [http://www.thehindu.com/sport/football/article3155915.ece Report]
|goals1 = [[David Lalrinmuana|Lalrinmuana]] {{goal|45}}
|goals2 = [[Daniel Bedemi|Bedemi]] {{goal|50}}
|attendance =
|nobars = 1
}}

==== Match day 7 ====
Saturday, 24 March 2012
{{football box collapsible
|team1=[[Mohammedan Sporting Club (Kolkata)|Mohammedan]]
|team2=[[United Sikkim F.C.|United Sikkim]]
|stadium =[[Kanchenjunga Stadium]]
|date= 3:30pm [[Indian Standard Time|IST]] ([[UTC+5:30]])
|time= 3:30pm [[Indian Standard Time|IST]] ([[UTC+5:30]])
|score = 2 – 0
|report =
|goals1 = [[Alfred Jaryan|Jaryan]] {{goal|60||90}}
|goals2 =
|attendance =
|nobars = 1
}}

{{football box collapsible
|team1=[[Kalighat Milan Sangha FC|Kalighat]]
|team2=[[Vasco S.C.|Vasco]]
|stadium =[[Kanchenjunga Stadium]]
|date= 2:30pm [[Indian Standard Time|IST]] ([[UTC+5:30]])
|time= 2:30pm [[Indian Standard Time|IST]] ([[UTC+5:30]])
|score = 3 – 3
|report =
|goals1 = [[Wahid Adenkule|Adenkule]] {{goal|22||54}} [[Michael Tayo|Tayo]] {{goal|83}}
|goals2 = [[Julius Akpele|Akpele]] {{goal|38}} [[Jose Colaco|Colaco]] {{goal|40}} [[Jerose Olivera|Olivera]] {{goal|45}}
|attendance =
|nobars = 1
}}
----
Sunday, 25 March 2012
{{football box collapsible
|team1=[[Royal Wahingdoh F.C.|Royal Wahingdoh]]
|team2=[[Aizawl F.C.|Aizawl]]
|stadium =[[Kanchenjunga Stadium]]
|date= 3:30pm [[Indian Standard Time|IST]] ([[UTC+5:30]])
|time= 3:30pm [[Indian Standard Time|IST]] ([[UTC+5:30]])
|score = 3 – 0
|report = [https://archive.today/20130124094047/http://www.goal.com/en-ie/match/77186/royal-wahingdoh-vs-aizawl-fc/preview Report]
|goals1 = [[Jackiechand Singh|Singh]] (2 goals) [[Zosang Kima|Kima]] (1 goal)
|goals2 =
|attendance =
|nobars = 1
}}

===Gangtok phase===

==== Match day 8 ====
Thursday, 29 March 2012
{{football box collapsible
|team1=[[Kalighat Milan Sangha FC|Kalighat]]
|team2=[[ONGC F.C.|ONGC]]
|stadium =[[Paljor Stadium]]
|date= 3:30pm [[Indian Standard Time|IST]] ([[UTC+5:30]])
|time= 3:30pm [[Indian Standard Time|IST]] ([[UTC+5:30]])
|score = 0 – 1
|report = [https://web.archive.org/web/20120405192941/http://isikkim.com/2012-03-2nd-divi-i-league-ongc-and-vasco-pockets-clear-3-points-30-1/ Report]
|goals1 =
|goals2 = [[Kailash Patil|Patil]] {{goal|58}}
|attendance =
|nobars = 1
}}

{{football box collapsible
|team1=[[Vasco S.C.|Vasco]]
|team2=[[Mohammedan Sporting Club (Kolkata)|Mohammedan]]
|stadium =[[Paljor Stadium]]
|date= 5:30pm [[Indian Standard Time|IST]] ([[UTC+5:30]])
|time= 5:30pm [[Indian Standard Time|IST]] ([[UTC+5:30]])
|score = 3 – 2
|report = [https://web.archive.org/web/20120405192941/http://isikkim.com:80/2012-03-2nd-divi-i-league-ongc-and-vasco-pockets-clear-3-points-30-1/ Report]
|goals1 = A. Colaco {{goal|52}} [[Jose Colaco|J. Colaco]] {{goal|64}} [[Ankit Yadav|Yadav]] {{goal|90}}
|goals2 = [[Alfred Jaryan|Jaryan]] {{goal|45}} [[Tapan Maity|Maity]] {{goal|80}}
|attendance =
|nobars = 1
}}
----
Friday, 30 March 2012
{{football box collapsible
|team1=[[United Sikkim F.C.|United Sikkim]]
|team2=[[Royal Wahingdoh F.C.|Royal Wahingdoh]]
|stadium =[[Paljor Stadium]]
|date= 9:00am [[Indian Standard Time|IST]] ([[UTC+5:30]])
|time= 9:00am [[Indian Standard Time|IST]] ([[UTC+5:30]])
|score = 0 – 2
|report = [https://web.archive.org/web/20120416064321/http://isikkim.com/2012-03-host-united-sikkim-lost-against-royal-wahingdoh-0-2-31-1/ Report]
|goals1 =
|goals2 = [[Kareen O'Nurian|O'Nurian]] {{goal|28}} [[Chencho (footballer)|Chencho]] {{goal|78}}
|attendance =
|nobars = 1
}}

==== Match day 9 ====
Sunday, 1 April 2012
{{football box collapsible
|team1=[[Aizawl F.C.|Aizawl]]
|team2=[[Royal Wahingdoh F.C.|Royal Wahingdoh]]
|stadium =[[Paljor Stadium]]
|date= 3:00pm [[Indian Standard Time|IST]] ([[UTC+5:30]])
|time= 3:00pm [[Indian Standard Time|IST]] ([[UTC+5:30]])
|score = 0 – 2
|report = [http://www.thehindu.com/sport/football/article3269252.ece Report]
|goals1 =
|goals2 = [[Jakichand Singh|Singh]] (2 goals)
|attendance =
|nobars = 1
}}

{{football box collapsible
|team1=[[Kalighat Milan Sangha FC|Kalighat]]
|team2=[[Mohammedan Sporting Club (Kolkata)|Mohammedan]]
|stadium =[[Paljor Stadium]]
|date= 5:00pm [[Indian Standard Time|IST]] ([[UTC+5:30]])
|time= 5:00pm [[Indian Standard Time|IST]] ([[UTC+5:30]])
|score = 0 – 0
|report = [http://www.thehindu.com/sport/football/article3269252.ece Report]
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
|attendance =
|nobars = 1
}}
----
Monday, 2 April 2012
{{football box collapsible
|team1=[[United Sikkim F.C.|United Sikkim]]
|team2=[[Vasco S.C.|Vasco]]
|stadium =[[Paljor Stadium]]
|date= 2:30pm [[Indian Standard Time|IST]] ([[UTC+5:30]])
|time= 2:30pm [[Indian Standard Time|IST]] ([[UTC+5:30]])
|score = 0 – 0
|report = [https://web.archive.org/web/20120416064151/http://isikkim.com:80/2012-04-2nd-div-i-league-united-sikkim-still-fails-to-register-win-03-2/ Report]
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
|attendance =
|nobars = 1
}}

==== Match day 10 ====
Wednesday, 4 April 2012
{{football box collapsible
|team1=[[ONGC F.C.|ONGC]]
|team2=[[Royal Wahingdoh F.C.|Royal Wahingdoh]]
|stadium =[[Paljor Stadium]]
|date=
|time=
|score = 2 – 1
|report =
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
|attendance =
|nobars = 1
}}

{{football box collapsible
|team1=[[Kalighat Milan Sangha FC|Kalighat]]
|team2=[[United Sikkim F.C.|United Sikkim]]
|stadium =[[Paljor Stadium]]
|date=
|time=
|score = 2 – 2
|report =
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
|attendance =
|nobars = 1
}}
----
Thursday, 5 April 2012
{{football box collapsible
|team1=[[Aizawl F.C.|Aizawl]]
|team2=[[Vasco S.C.|Vasco]]
|stadium =[[Paljor Stadium]]
|date=
|time=
|score = 3 – 2
|report = [http://www.thehindu.com/sport/football/article3284327.ece Report]
|goals1 = [[Michael Lalremruata|Lalremruata]] (2 goals) [[Lalbiakhlua]]
|goals2 = [[Elvinio Fernandes|Fernandes]] [[Agnelo Colaco|Colaco]]
|attendance =
|nobars = 1
}}

==== Match day 11 ====
Saturday, 7 April 2012
{{football box collapsible
|team1=[[Royal Wahingdoh F.C.|Royal Wahingdoh]]
|team2=[[Mohammedan Sporting Club (Kolkata)|Mohammedan]]
|stadium =[[Paljor Stadium]]
|date=
|time=
|score = 0 – 1
|report =
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
|attendance =
|nobars = 1
}}

{{football box collapsible
|team1=[[ONGC F.C.|ONGC]]
|team2=[[Vasco S.C.|Vasco]]
|stadium =[[Paljor Stadium]]
|date=
|time=
|score = 3 – 0
|report =
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
|attendance =
|nobars = 1
}}
----
Sunday, 8 April 2012
{{football box collapsible
|team1=[[Aizawl F.C.|Aizawl]]
|team2=[[Kalighat Milan Sangha FC|Kalighat]]
|stadium =[[Paljor Stadium]]
|date=
|time=
|score = 2 – 3
|report = [https://web.archive.org/web/20120426150430/http://isikkim.com/2012-04-kalighat-ms-kolkata-defeated-aizawl-fc-shillong-3-2-09-6/ Report]
|goals1 = [[Michael Lalremruata|Lalremruata]] {{goal|68||83}}
|goals2 = [[Michael Tayo|Tayo]] {{goal|5}} [[Unal Ghosh|Ghosh]] {{goal|62}} [[Abhijit Majumdar|Majumdar]] {{goal|82}}
|attendance =
|nobars = 1
}}

==== Match day 12 ====
Tuesday, 10 April 2012
{{football box collapsible
|team1=[[Vasco S.C.|Vasco]]
|team2=[[Royal Wahingdoh F.C.|Royal Wahingdoh]]
|stadium =[[Paljor Stadium]]
|date=
|time=
|score = 2 - 1
|report =
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
|attendance =
|nobars = 1
}}

{{football box collapsible
|team1=[[Aizawl F.C.|Aizawl]]
|team2=[[Mohammedan Sporting Club (Kolkata)|Mohammedan]]
|stadium =[[Paljor Stadium]]
|date=
|time=
|score = 0 - 1
|report =
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
|attendance =
|nobars = 1
}}
----
Wednesday, 11 April 2012
{{football box collapsible
|team1=[[United Sikkim F.C.|United Sikkim]]
|team2=[[ONGC F.C.|ONGC]]
|stadium =[[Paljor Stadium]]
|date= 3:00pm [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|time=
|score = 2 – 1
|report = [https://web.archive.org/web/20120415042427/http://isikkim.com/2012-04-host-united-sikkim-thrashed-top-ranked-ongc-mumbai-2-1-12-2/ Report]
|goals1 = [[Babatunde John|John]] {{goal|25}} [[Daniel Bedemi|Bedemi]] {{goal|36}}
|goals2 = [[Katsumi Yusa|Yusa]] {{goal|67}}
|attendance =
|nobars = 1
}}

==== Match day 13 ====
Friday, 13 April 2012
{{football box collapsible
|team1=[[Kalighat Milan Sangha FC|Kalighat]]
|team2=[[Royal Wahingdoh F.C.|Royal Wahingdoh]]
|stadium =[[Paljor Stadium]]
|date= 10:30am [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|time=
|score = 2 – 0
|report = [https://web.archive.org/web/20120422061629/http://isikkim.com/2012-04-jacobs-hat-trick-spurs-united-sikkim-to-4-2-win-over-aizawl-fc-14-1/ Report]
|goals1 = [[Wahid Adenkule|Adenkule]] {{goal|24||51}}
|goals2 =
|attendance =
|nobars = 1
}}
{{football box collapsible
|team1=[[Aizawl F.C.|Aizawl]]
|team2=[[United Sikkim F.C.|United Sikkim]]
|stadium =[[Paljor Stadium]]
|date= 12:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|time=
|score = 2 – 4
|report = [https://web.archive.org/web/20120422061629/http://isikkim.com:80/2012-04-jacobs-hat-trick-spurs-united-sikkim-to-4-2-win-over-aizawl-fc-14-1/ Report]
|goals1 = [[David Lalrinmuana|Lalrinmuana]] {{goal|49}} [[Michael Lalremruata|Lalremruata]] {{goal|89}}
|goals2 = [[Daniel Bedemi|Bedemi]] {{goal|38}} [[Quinton Jacobs|Jacobs]] {{goal|60||65||81}}
|attendance =
|nobars = 1
}}
----
Saturday, 14 April 2012
{{football box collapsible
|team1=[[Mohammedan Sporting Club (Kolkata)|Mohammedan]]
|team2=[[ONGC F.C.|ONGC]]
|stadium =[[Paljor Stadium]]
|date= 3:30pm [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|time=
|score = 0 – 0
|report =
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
|attendance =
|nobars = 1
}}

==== Match day 14 ====
Monday, 16 April 2012
{{football box collapsible
|team1=[[Aizawl F.C.|Aizawl]]
|team2=[[ONGC F.C.|ONGC]]
|stadium =[[Paljor Stadium]]
|date=
|time=
|score = 1 – 1
|report =
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
|attendance =
|nobars = 1
}}

{{football box collapsible
|team1=[[Kalighat Milan Sangha FC|Kalighat]]
|team2=[[Vasco S.C.|Vasco]]
|stadium =[[Paljor Stadium]]
|date=
|time=
|score = 3 – 2
|report =
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
|attendance =
|nobars = 1
}}
----
Tuesday, 17 April 2012
{{football box collapsible
|team1=[[United Sikkim F.C.|United Sikkim]]
|team2=[[Mohammedan Sporting Club (Kolkata)|Mohammedan]]
|stadium =[[Paljor Stadium]]
|date=
|time=
|score = 1 – 1
|report =
|goals1 = [[Daniel Bedemi|Bedemi]] (pen.)
|goals2 = Jaryan
|attendance = 15,000
|nobars = 1
}}

==Top scorers==
'''Note:''' These stats are only for the Final Round, the Group Stage goals don't carry over to this stage.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:left"
|-
!Rank
!Scorer
!Club
!Goals
|-
! 1
|{{flagicon|Nigeria}} [[Daniel Bedemi]]
|[[United Sikkim F.C.|United Sikkim]]
|{{center| 11}}
|-
! rowspan=2| 2
| {{flagicon|Namibia}} [[Quinton Jacobs]]
| [[United Sikkim F.C.|United Sikkim]]
|{{center| 8}}
|-
| {{flagicon|India}} Jackichand Singh
| [[Royal Wahingdoh F.C.|Royal Wahingdoh]]
|{{center| 8}}
|-
! 4
| {{flagicon|Nigeria}} [[Wahid Adenkule]]
| [[Kalighat Milan Sangha FC|Kalighat]]
|{{center| 6}}
|-
! 5
| {{flagicon|India}} [[Michael Lalremruata]]
| [[Aizawl F.C.|Aizawl]]
|{{center| 5}}
|-
! rowspan=2| 6
| {{flagicon|Liberia}} [[Alfred Jaryan]]
| [[Mohammedan Sporting Club (Kolkata)|Mohammedan]]
|{{center| 4}}
|-
| {{flagicon|Nigeria}} Stanley Okoroigwe
| [[Mohammedan Sporting Club (Kolkata)|Mohammedan]]
|{{center| 4}}
|-
! rowspan=4 | 8
| {{flagicon|India}} [[Satiyasen Singh]]
| [[Royal Wahingdoh F.C.|Royal Wahingdoh]]
|{{center| 3}}
|-
| {{flagicon|Nigeria}} [[Michael Tayo]]
| [[Kalighat Milan Sangha FC|Kalighat]]
|{{center| 3}}
|-
| {{flagicon|Japan}} [[Katsumi Yusa]]
| [[ONGC FC|ONGC]]
|{{center| 3}}
|-
| {{flagicon|India}} Angelo Colaco
| [[Vasco S.C.|Vasco]]
|{{center| 3}}
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{I-League 2nd Division}}
{{2011–12 in Indian football}}

[[Category:I-League 2 final rounds]]
[[Category:2011–12 in Indian football]]

Hottentotta rugiscutis

2025-10-15T08:11:02Z

FaustinoRicks4: made a pg!

{{Short description|Species of scorpion}}
{{Speciesbox
| parent = Hottentotta
| authority = Pocock, 1897
| synonyms = *Buthus hendersoni (Pocock, 1900)
*Buthus rugiscutis nigritus (Pocock, 1900)
| image = Hottentotta rugiscutis imported from iNaturalist photo 117188145 on 29 April 2024.jpg
| image_caption = From [[Vellore District]], [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]].
| taxon = Hottentotta rugiscutis
}}
'''''Hottentotta rugiscutis''''' is a [[species]] of [[scorpion]] which is [[Endemism|endemic]] to [[India]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Kovařík |first=František |date=2007 |title=A revision of the genus Hottentotta Birula, 1908, with descriptions of four new species (Scorpiones, Buthidae) |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.18590/euscorpius.2007.vol2007.iss58.1 |journal=Euscorpius |volume=2007 |issue=58 |pages=1–107 |doi=10.18590/euscorpius.2007.vol2007.iss58.1 |issn=1536-9307|url-access=subscription |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Pocock |first=R.I. |date=May 1899 |title=LVIII.—Descriptions of some new species of scorpions |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222939908678143 |journal=Annals and Magazine of Natural History |volume=3 |issue=17 |pages=411–420 |doi=10.1080/00222939908678143 |issn=0374-5481|url-access=subscription }}</ref>
==Description==
''Hottentotta rugiscutis'' measures 30–60 mm long. Males have twisted [[pedipalp]] fingers and wider manus. The [[chelicerae]] are yellow to green with a reticulate pattern. The color is consistently yellow to reddish brown with sparse body hair. Their pedipalps have 5 carinae on the femur, lacking carinae on the chela. The metasoma is densely granulated, with the first and second segments wider than long.<ref name=":0" />

==Range==
''Hottentotta rugiscutis'' is endemic to [[India]].<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> From there it has been recorded in [[Tamil Nadu]], [[Karnataka]], [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[Puducherry (union territory)|Puducherry]], [[Maharashtra]], [[Madhya Pradesh]], [[Goa]], [[Jharkhand]] and [[West Bengal]].<ref name=":0" />
==Venom==
Studies indicate that the venom of ''Hottentotta rugiscutis'' contains 0.79 mg/mg of protein. The {{LD50}} value of its venom is approximately 4.2 mg/kg via the [[intraperitoneal]] route and 3.02 mg/kg via the [[Subcutaneous administration|subcutaneous]] route. Symptoms observed in animals injected with ''H. rugiscutis'' venom include agitation, hyper-excitability, [[sweating]], [[paralysis]], [[salivation]], squeaking, hunched back movements, [[convulsion]]s, [[weakness]], and [[death]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Nagaraj |first1=Santhosh Kambaiah |last2=Dattatreya |first2=Pavana |last3=Boramuthi |first3=Thippeswamy Nayaka |date=December 2015 |title=Indian scorpions collected in Karnataka: maintenance in captivity, venom extraction and toxicity studies |journal=Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins Including Tropical Diseases |language=en |volume=21 |issue=1 |page=51 |doi=10.1186/s40409-015-0053-4 |doi-access=free |issn=1678-9199 |pmc=4670532 |pmid=26640478}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q3141200}}

[[Category:Animals described in 1987]]
[[Category:Scorpions of Asia]]
[[Category:Buthidae]]
[[Category:Endemic fauna of India]]

National Highway 54A (India, old numbering)

2025-09-23T21:30:23Z

FaustinoRicks4: redirect created

#REDIRECT [[National Highway 302 (India)]]

Kamala River

2025-09-04T00:51:15Z

FaustinoRicks4: made place!

{{Short description|River in Nepal and Bihar}}
{{Infobox river
| name = Kamala River
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| name_other =
| name_etymology =

| image = Kamala river near Hatpate-5, Sindhuli, Nepal.png
| image_size =
| image_caption = Kamala river near Hatpate-5, Sindhuli, Nepal
| map =
| map_size =
| map_caption =
| pushpin_map =
| pushpin_map_size =
| pushpin_map_caption=

| subdivision_type1 = Country
| subdivision_name1 = [[Nepal]], [[India]]
| subdivision_type2 = State
| subdivision_name2 = [[Bihar]]
| subdivision_type3 =
| subdivision_name3 =
| subdivision_type4 =
| subdivision_name4 =
| subdivision_type5 =
| subdivision_name5 =

| length_km = 328
| width_min =
| width_avg =
| width_max =
| depth_min =
| depth_avg =
| depth_max =
| discharge1_location=
| discharge1_min =
| discharge1_avg =
| discharge1_max =

| source1 =
| source1_location = near Maithan, [[Sindhuli Gadhi|Sindhuligadhi]], [[Sindhuli District]], [[Churia Range]], [[Nepal]]
| source1_coordinates= {{coord|27|15|N|85|57|E|display=inline}}
| source1_elevation = {{convert|1200|m|abbr=on}}
| mouth = [[Bagmati]]
| mouth_location = Badlaghat, Khagaria district, Jhanjharpur (Madhubani), [[Bihar]], [[India]]
| mouth_coordinates = {{coord|25|33|54|N|86|35|06|E|display=inline,title}}
| mouth_elevation =
| progression =
| river_system =
| basin_size =
| tributaries_left =
| tributaries_right =
| custom_label =
| custom_data =
| extra =
}}

The '''Kamala River''' ([[Hindi]] and {{langx|ne|कमला नदी}}; [[Devanagari transliteration|romanized]]: Kamalā nadī) originates in [[Nepal]] and flows through the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Bihar]].

==Course==
The Kamala originates from the Churia Range near Maithan which is near Sindhuli Gadhi in [[Sindhuli District]] of [[Nepal]] at an elevation of {{convert|1200|m}}.<ref name=govt>{{cite web|url =http://fmis.bih.nic.in/Riverbasin.html| title = River Basin |publisher =Flood Management Information System, Water Resource Department, Bihar |access-date = 2010-05-05 }}</ref><ref name=jain>{{cite book|url =https://books.google.com/books?id=ZKs1gBhJSWIC&q=Kamala+Balan+Hydrology+and+Water+Resources+of+India&pg=PA359 | title = Hydrology and Water Resources of India | work = P. 359|author1=Sharad K. Jain |author2=Pushpendra K. Agarwal |author3=Vijay P. Singh | date = 16 May 2007 | publisher = Springer | isbn = 9781402051807 |access-date = 2010-05-05 }}</ref> It flows in a southerly direction crossing the Kamala Khoj area and, after passing through a gorge above Chauphat, flows into the [[Terai]] area of Nepal at [[Chisapani, Ramechhap|Chisapani]].<ref name=jain/> The Kamala forms the border between [[Siraha District|Siraha]] and [[Dhanusa District|Dhanusa]] districts in the Terai. During the monsoon, the river swells up and causes devastating riverbank erosion.<ref>{{cite web |url =http://www.deprosc.org.np/index_files/Projects.htm |title =Projects |work =River Basin Programme, Sindhuli 2007 |publisher =Development Project Service Centre, DEPROSC Nepal |access-date =2010-05-05 |archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20090107045845/http://www.deprosc.org.np/index_files/Projects.htm |archive-date =2009-01-07 |url-status =dead }}</ref> The Tao and Baijnath Khola rivers merge with the Kamala at Maini<ref name=india9>{{cite web|url = http://www.india9.com/i9show/Kamala-River-64787.htm| title =Kamala River |access-date = 2010-05-05 }}</ref>

It enters Indian territory in [[Madhubani district]] in Bihar, {{convert|3.5|km}} upstream of [[Jainagar, Bihar|Jainagar]]. A barrage known as Kamala barrage has been constructed by the State Government near Jainagar. It joins the river Kareh (Bagmati) at Badlaghat in [[Khagaria district]]<ref name=govt/> and the combined stream flows into the [[Koshi River|Koshi]] nearby. While one of its branches leads to the [[Bagmati River|Bagmati]] another leads to the Kosi.<ref name=india9/>

In the lower reaches it follows the course of the Balan and is therefore also known as Kamala-Balan.<ref name=jain/>

===Tributaries===
The main tributaries of the Kamala River are the Tao, Baijnath Khola,<ref name=india9/> Mainawati, Dhauri, Soni, Balan, Trisula, and Chadaha.<ref name=govt/>

==River and basin data==
The total length of the Kamala is {{convert|328|km}} of which {{convert|208|km}} is in Nepal and the remaining {{convert|120|km}} is in India. The river drains a total catchment area of {{convert|7232|km2}} out of which {{convert|4488|km2}} lies in Bihar in India and the rest {{convert|2744|km2}} in Nepal. Average annual rainfall is {{convert|1018|mm}}. Cropped area in Bihar is {{convert|2744|km2}}. Population of the Kamala basin in Bihar is 3.9 million.<ref name=govt/>

==Floods==
The extent of flood impact can be gauged from the fact that about one million people were affected by floods in the Kamala and other rivers in the region in 2003.<ref>{{cite web|url =http://www.hinduonnet.com/2003/07/13/stories/2003071300521100.htm |archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20110523033522/http://www.hinduonnet.com/2003/07/13/stories/2003071300521100.htm |url-status =usurped |archive-date =May 23, 2011 | title = Flood situation worsens in Bihar, Assam
|publisher =The Hindu 13 July 2003 |access-date = 2010-05-05 }}</ref>

While 16.5 per cent of the total flood affected area in India is in Bihar, 57 per cent of India's flood affected population live in Bihar, out of which 76 per cent are in northern Bihar.<ref>{{cite web|url = http://www.ssvk.org/north_bihar_flood/bagmati_flood_2009.pdf | title =Bihar, a State of Self-induced Tragedy |access-date = 2010-05-05 }}</ref> About {{convert|68800|km2}} out of total area of {{convert|94160|km2}} or about 73.06 percent of the total area of Bihar is flood affected. Over 70 per cent of the population of North Bihar lives under recurring threat of floods.<ref name=floods>{{cite web|url=http://fmis.bih.nic.in/history.html |title=History of Flood in Bihar |publisher=Flood Management Information System, Water Resource Department, Bihar |access-date=2010-05-05 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100419085617/http://fmis.bih.nic.in/history.html |archive-date=2010-04-19 }}</ref>

The plains of Bihar, adjoining Nepal, are drained by a number of rivers that have their catchments in the steep and geologically nascent Himalayas. The [[Koshi River|Kosi]], the [[Gandaki River|Gandak]], the [[Burhi Gandak River|Burhi Gandak]], the [[Bagmati]], the Kamala Balan and the Adhwara group of rivers originate in Nepal, carry high discharge and very high sediment load and drop it down in the plains of Bihar.<ref name=floods/>

Bihar witnessed high magnitudes of flood in 1978, 1987, 1998, 2004 and 2007. The flood of 2004 demonstrated the severity of flood problem when a vast area of {{convert|23490|km2}} was badly affected by the floods of [[Bagmati]], Kamala and the Adhwara groups of rivers causing loss of about 800 human lives.<ref name=floods/>

Three dams have been proposed as solutions to north Bihar's flood problems. Among the three one is across the Kamala at Chisapani, but a report claims that there is no flood cushion in the proposed Chisapani reservoir.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.hardnewsmedia.com/2007/07/1034 |title = Flooded with wrong ideas |access-date = 2010-05-05 |archive-date = 2011-05-28 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110528195302/http://www.hardnewsmedia.com/2007/07/1034 |url-status = dead }}</ref>

.External link: [http://fmis.bih.nic.in/Gallery%20Pic/Flood/flood.html Glimpses of the flood in Northern Bihar in 2007] (Source: Water Resource Department, Govt. of Bihar)

==Kamala Multipurpose Project==
The Kamala Multipurpose Project would involve the construction of storage dam on the Kamala River in the districts of [[Dhanusa District|Dhanusa]] and [[Siraha District|Siraha]] in Nepal. The project would provide year-round irrigation facilities and generate hydropower with an installed capacity of 30 MW. This scheme forms part of the Sunkosi Storage-cum-Diversion Scheme which involves diverting water from the Sunkosi River to the Kamala River to augment lean season flow.<ref>{{cite book|url =https://books.google.com/books?id=cgYwDW13ILoC&q=Kamala+River&pg=PA91 | title =The Nepal-India Water Relationship: Challenges | work = p. 91|author1=Dwarika N. Dhungel |author2=Santa B. Pun | date =18 January 2009 | publisher =Springer | isbn =9781402084034 |access-date = 2010-05-05 }}</ref>

However, there is a cause for worry. North Bihar is an earthquake prone area. In 1998, earthquake zone was [[Darbhanga]] that is only {{convert|60|km}} from the borders of Nepal where big dams are being proposed. In 1988, Kamala River embankment in [[Madhubani district]] breached due to earthquake cracks.<ref>{{cite web|url = http://www.developednation.org/interviews/deepakbharti.htm|title = Interview : Deepak Bharti - SSVK, Bihar|publisher = DevelopedNation.org|access-date = 2010-05-05|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100308222238/http://www.developednation.org/interviews/deepakbharti.htm|archive-date = 2010-03-08|url-status = dead}}</ref>

==Kamala Valley==
The [[Kamala Valley]], also called Udayapur Valley, is in [[Udayapur district]] in southeastern Nepal. It is about {{cvt|30|km}} long and between {{cvt|2|km}} and {{cvt|4|km}} wide. It is drained by the Triyuga river flowing east to join the great [[Koshi River]]. This valley lies between the Mahabharat Range to the north and the Sivalik Hills to the south, with an average elevation of about {{cvt|430|m}}.<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Darsie, R. F. Jr |name-list-style=amp |author2=Pradhan, S. P. |author3=Vaidya, R. G. |year=1992 |title=Notes on the mosquitoes of Nepal: II. New species records from 1991 collections |journal=Mosquito Systematics |volume=24 |pages=23–28 |url=http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/pdfs/MS24N01P023.Pdf |access-date=2008-10-13 |archive-date=2008-12-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081219183024/http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/pdfs/MS24N01P023.Pdf |url-status=dead}}</ref>

The mouth of the valley opens onto a {{cvt|175|km}} rectangle of land where the Triyuga meets the Koshi river above the [[Kosi embankment|Koshi Barrage]]. It was designated the [[Koshi Tappu Wildlife Reserve]] in 1976, and is home to the last remaining population of [[wild Asian water buffalo]] in Nepal. The reserve is mostly wetlands, subject to seasonal flooding, but also includes some grasslands and small patches of riverine forest. It is a [[Ramsar Site]].<ref name=nbrb2007>{{Cite book|author=Bhuju, U. R., Shakya, P. R., Basnet, T. B., Shrestha, S. |title=Nepal Biodiversity Resource Book. Protected Areas, Ramsar Sites, and World Heritage Sites |place=Kathmandu |publisher=International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development; Government of Nepal, Ministry of Environment, Science and Technology; United Nations Environment Programme, Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific |year=2007 |url=http://books.icimod.org/demo/uploads/ftp/Nepal%20Biodiversity%20Resource%20Book.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110726170342/http://books.icimod.org/demo/uploads/ftp/Nepal%20Biodiversity%20Resource%20Book.pdf |archive-date=2011-07-26}}</ref>

Imagery of Kamala valley:
[https://maps.google.com/maps/api/staticmap?center%3D26.8,86.85&zoom%3D10&size%3D640x640&maptype%3Dterrain&markers%3Dcolor:blue%7Clabel:K%7C26.7824,86.7947&sensor%3Dfalse terrain]
[https://maps.google.com/maps/api/staticmap?center%3D26.8,86.85&zoom%3D10&size%3D480x480&maptype%3Dsatellite&markers%3Dcolor:blue%7Clabel:K%7C26.7824,86.7947&sensor%3Dfalse satellite]

Traditionally, the Kamala Valley was primarily inhabited by the [[Dhanwar Rai language|Dhanwar]] people (or Danuwar),<ref>Khatry, P. (1995). [http://www.thdl.org/texts/reprints/contributions/CNAS_22_01_04.pdf The Manjani System of the Danuwar State of the Kamala Valley: A Brief Study of an Egalitarian Judiciary]. Contributions to Nepalese Studies 22 (1): 43–55.</ref> but there is a fast-growing population of migrants from the Nepali hills and from India.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Hydrography of Nepal}}
{{Rivers in Bihar}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Rivers of Madhesh Province]]
[[Category:Rivers of Bihar]]
[[Category:International rivers of Asia]]

Khuga River

2025-08-16T14:10:51Z

FaustinoRicks4:

{{short description|River in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
{{Infobox river
| name = Khuga River
| native_name =
| other_name = Tuitha River
| nickname =

| image =
| image_size =
| image_caption =
| image_alt =

| pushpin_map = India Manipur#India
| pushpin_map_size =
| pushpin_map_caption=
| pushpin_map_alt =

| subdivision_type1 = Country
| subdivision_name1 = [[India]]
| subdivision_type2 = State
| subdivision_name2 = [[Manipur]]
| subdivision_type3 = Districts
| subdivision_name3 = [[Churachandpur district|Churachandpur]], [[Bishnupur district|Bishnupur]]

| length =
| width_min =
| width_avg =
| width_max =
| depth_min =
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| discharge1_location=
| discharge1_min =
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| source1 =
| source1_location =
| source1_coordinates= {{Coord|24.0821|93.6479|display=inline}}
| source1_elevation =
| mouth =
| mouth_location =
| mouth_coordinates = {{Coord|24.4285|93.8378|display=title,inline}}
| mouth_elevation =
| progression = [[Manipur River]]
| river_system = [[Chindwin River|Chindwin]]
| basin_size =
| basin_landmarks =
| basin_population =
| tributaries_left =
| tributaries_right =
| waterbodies = [[Khuga Dam|Khuga Reservoir]]
| waterfalls =
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'''Khuga River''',{{efn|Alternative spellings: '''Khuka'''<ref>{{harvp|Parratt, The Court Chronicle of the Kings of Manipur, Vol. 1|2005|p=122}}</ref> and '''Khooka'''.<ref>
{{citation |chapter=Annual Administration Report of the Munnipoor Agency, For the year ending 30th June 1874–75 |title=Selections from the Records of the Government of India, Foreign Department |location=Calcutta |publisher=Foreign Department Press |year=1874 |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/annualadministr00unkngoog/page/n43 |via=archive.org |page=7}}
</ref>}} also known as the '''Tuitha River''', is a river in [[Manipur]], [[India]]. It originates in the [[Churachandpur district]] and flows through the district for much of its course. It enters the [[Imphal Valley]] near [[Torbung]], and flows east, joining the [[Manipur River]] near Ithai. The Khuga River valley in the Churachandpur district is thickly populated, with the [[Churachandpur]] town and numerous villages.

== Course ==
The Khuga River originates in the southern part of the [[Churachandpur district]], close to the border with [[Chin State]] (Myanmar), and flows north into the [[Imphal Valley]] south of [[Moirang]]. The upper course of the river is traditionally called "Tuitha" in [[Kuki-Chin languages]].{{sfnp|Churachandpur District Census Handbook|2011|p=24}} But the name is also applied to a south-flowing head stream of the river originating near Mount Mulam.{{sfnp|Churachandpur District Census Handbook|2011|p=25}} British maps have noted this headstream as "Hilpi River". Another headstream flowing north from the southern borders joins this stream near Hiangtam Khul ({{Coord|24.0821|93.6479|name=Source of Khuga}}), forming the Khuga River.{{sfnp|Churachandpur District Census Handbook|2011|p=25}}

The combined river flows due north, breaking into a wide plain near the Mata village, which is referred to as the "Lamka plain" (Lamka ''zaang'').<ref name="Lamka plain"/> Near Mata, a multi-purpose dam called [[Khuga Dam|Mata Dam]] (or Khuga Dam) has been constructed in 2010. It forms a long reservoir, submerging much of the upper valley.<ref>
[https://churachandpur.nic.in/tourist-place/khuga-dam/ Khuga Dam], Churachandpur District administration, retrieved 1 September 2023.
</ref>
After the dam, the Khuga river flows for about 16 km through the Lamka plain/Khuga valley before entering the Imphal Valley near [[Torbung]] (in the [[Bishnupur district]]).

Near Torbung, streams from [[Thangjing hills]] to the west, prominently the Torbung stream, join the Khuga River, as does the outlet stream of the [[Loktak Lake]]. The combined river flows east and joins the [[Imphal River]] near Ithai to form the [[Manipur River]].{{sfnp|Churachandpur District Census Handbook|2011|p=25}}

== Valley ==
Khuga River flows through a wide valley, which appears as if it is an extension of the Imphal Valley. The second largest town of Manipur, [[Churachandpur]], locally known as Lamka, lies in the valley.<ref name="IE Lamka">
{{citation |author=Sukrit Baruah |title=Amid ongoing violence, why there is an open challenge to the name of Manipur’s Churachandpur |newspaper=The Indian Express |date=10 July 2023 |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-history/manipur-churachandpur-lamka-kuki-zomi-meitei-history-8820659/}}
</ref>
Numerous other villages also dot the valley, housing a large portion of the Churachandpur district's population. The region has been referred to as the "Lamka plain".<ref name="Lamka plain">{{harvp|Pau, Indo-Burma Frontier and the Making of the Chin Hills|2019|loc=p. xii: "From a remote hill village in the Indo-Burma border, my grandparents moved to the plain of Lamka (Lamka ''zaang'') in Churachandpur District of Manipur chiefly in search of better livelihood and opportunity for the education of their children."}}
</ref>

The [[Tedim Road]], running between the [[Imphal]] city and the town of [[Tedim Township|Tedim]] in the [[Chin State]] of Myanmar, partly runs through the Lamka plain / Khuga river valley. It leaves the valley near the village of S. Geltui, and follows a hill route to reach [[Singngat]], after which it enters the [[Tuivai River]] valley up to the town of [[Behiang]] on the [[India–Myanmar border|India-Myanmar border]].

== History ==
The Khuga River was relatively unknown to the [[Manipur (princely state)|history of Manipur]]. Its first mention is found in ''[[Cheitharol Kumbaba]]'' (Manipuri court chronicles) in the year 1712, noting a murder at "Torbung, near Khuka".<ref>{{harvp|Parratt, The Court Chronicle of the Kings of Manipur, Vol. 1|2005|p=122}}. The expression "near Khuka" suggests that the reference could have been to a place rather than a river.</ref> After the [[British Raj|British]] began to exert their influence in Manipur, they regarded the southwestern part of the present-day Manipur state vaguely as part of "Lushai hills". The Manipur kingdom extended only to the southern periphery of the Imphal Valley. It was referred to as the "Moirang frontier" in an administrative report in 1876.<ref>{{citation |title=Annual Administration Report of the Munnipoor Agency for the year 1875–1876 |location=Calcutta |publisher=Foreign Department Press |year=1876 |url=https://archive.org/details/annualadministr00unkngoog/n79 |via=archive.org |page=5}}</ref> The ''Gazetteer of Manipur'', published in 1886, makes no mention of the Khuga River and uses the name "Turbung stream" for its lower course running in the Imphal Valley.<ref>{{citation |last=Dun |first=E. W. |title=Gazetteer of Manipur |publisher=Manas Publications |year=1992 |orig-year=1886 |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.32037 |via=archive.org |page=193}} (Villages such as Saikot and Saitul are described as being "on the Turbung stream".)
</ref>

Scholar Pum Khan Pau believes that the Khuga River valley might have been traversed by Manipuris for the first time in 1857, when Maharaja [[Chandrakirti]] led an expedition to [[Tedim Township|Tedim]] (in the present day [[Chin State]] of Myanmar), then the central base of the [[Sukte clan|Kamhau-Sukte tribes]]. The Manipuri troops fled "in confusion" after facing the combined troops of Kamhau, Sukte and Sihzang tribes, and returned to the Imphal Valley via a previously "unknown route", which eventually formed the route of the present day Tedim Road along the Khuga River valley.{{sfnp|Pau, Tedim Road|2012|pp=778–779}}

In 1872, the Maharaja sent another expedition to the Chivu salt springs (near modern [[Behiang]]), ostensibly to support the British [[Lushai Expedition]]. The Manipuri troops camped there for two months, and, during their return journey, arrested the Kamhau chief of [[Mualpi]] by name [[Go Khaw Thang]]. Even though the British officials decried the expedition as "treachery", the Maharaja succeeded in marking his claimed territory.{{sfnp|Pau, Indo-Burma Frontier and the Making of the Chin Hills|2019|pp=67–69, 160}} In 1894, when the British delineated the border between Manipur and [[Chin Hills]], they rant it close to the Chivu salt springs.{{sfnp|Pau, Indo-Burma Frontier and the Making of the Chin Hills|2019||p=161}}

During the [[Kuki Rebellion of 1917–1919]], the British constructed a road to [[Hiangtam]], south of Singngat along the Khuga River valley. Hiangtam was described as a stronghold of the Kuki rebels, and the British needed a way to send troops and supplies. The junction point of the Hiangtam road and the Tipaimukh road came to be known as Hiangtam Lamka, which formed the core of the modern Lamka or Churachandpur town.<ref>{{citation |author=Sukrit Baruah |title=Amid ongoing violence, why there is an open challenge to the name of Manipur’s Churachandpur |newspaper=The Indian Express |date=10 July 2023 |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-history/manipur-churachandpur-lamka-kuki-zomi-meitei-history-8820659/}}</ref>

During [[World War II]], the British improved the Hiangtam road and extended it to Tedim for the defence of eastern frontier of India. The resulting road came to be known as the Tedim Road, running between the Imphal City and the town of [[Tedim Township|Tedim]]. Seven decisive battles were fought along this road between the 17 Division of British India and the 33 Division of Japan. The Japanese reached Churachandpur on 8 April 1944, and four additional battles were fought within Manipur, including one near [[Torbung]]. Eventually the Japanese were defeated at [[Imphal]] and withdrew with heavy losses.{{sfnp|Pau, Tedim Road|2012}}

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== Bibliography ==
* {{citation |title=Churachandpur District Census Handbook |publisher=Directorate of Census Operations, Manipur |year=2011 |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/846/download/36252/DH_2011_1403_PART_A_DCHB_CHURACHANDPUR.pdf |ref={{sfnref|Churachandpur District Census Handbook|2011}}}}
* {{Cite book |first=Saroj Nalini Arambam |last=Parratt |title=The Court Chronicle of the Kings of Manipur: The Cheitharon Kumpapa, Volume 1 |date=2005 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=0-415-34430-1 |location=London |ref={{sfnref|Parratt, The Court Chronicle of the Kings of Manipur, Vol. 1|2005}}}}
* {{citation |first=Pum Khan |last=Pau |year=2012 |title=Tedim Road—The Strategic Road on a Frontier: A Historical Analysis |journal=Strategic Analysis |volume=36 |number=5 |pages=776-786 |doi=10.1080/09700161.2012.712387 |ref={{sfnref|Pau, Tedim Road|2012}}}}
* {{citation |last=Pau |first=Pum Khan |title=Indo-Burma Frontier and the Making of the Chin Hills: Empire and Resistance |publisher=Taylor & Francis |year=2019 |isbn=9781000507454 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dVmnDwAAQBAJ |ref={{sfnref|Pau, Indo-Burma Frontier and the Making of the Chin Hills|2019}}}}

== External links ==
* [https://www.openstreetmap.org/relation/15994309 Khuga River], OpenStreetMap, retrieved 2 September 2023.
* [https://www.openstreetmap.org/relation/16128397 Tedim Road], OpenStreetMap, retrieved 2 September 2023.

{{Hydrography of Manipur}}
[[Category:Rivers of Manipur]]

Imtichoba

2025-08-12T10:21:11Z

FaustinoRicks4:

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2024}}
'''Imtichoba Chang''' (born 15 June 1988)<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=There are schools in eastern Nagaland where bell doesn’t ring, says youngest MLA |url=https://www.easternmirrornagaland.com/there-are-schools-in-eastern-nagaland-where-bell-doesnt-ring-says-youngest-mla#google_vignette |access-date=2025-05-13 |website=www.easternmirrornagaland.com |language=en}}</ref> is an Indian politician from [[Nagaland]]. He is an [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]] from [[Tuensang Sadar II Assembly constituency]], which is reserved for [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Scheduled Tribes]], in [[Tuensang district|Tuensang District]]. He won the [[2023 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]], representing Republican Party of India (Athawale).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Imtichoba in Nagaland Assembly Elections 2023 |url=https://www.news18.com/assembly-elections-2023/nagaland/imtichoba-tuensang-sadar-ii-candidate-s17a054c003/ |access-date=6 November 2024 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref><ref>https://nagaland.gov.in/pages/members-of-nagaland-legislative-assembly</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2 March 2023 |title=Nagaland Assembly Election results 2023: Check full list of winners |url=https://indianexpress.com/elections/nagaland-assembly-election-results-2023-winners-8473973/ |access-date=6 November 2024 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> Chang is the youngest MLA of [[14th Nagaland Assembly|14th Nagaland Legislative Assembly]].<ref name=":1" />

== Early life and education ==
Chang is from [[Tuensang]] Sadar, Tuensang District, Nagaland. He is the son of late Thungpang Chollen and Sentisangla Chang (mother). He married Tangnyiu Khiamniungan.<ref name=":1" /> He completed his bachelor in arts in 2012 at Sao Chang Government College, Tuensang, which is affiliated with Nagaland University.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Imtichoba(Republican Party of India (Athawale)):Constituency- TUENSANG SADAR-II (ST)(TUENSANG) – Affidavit Information of Candidate: |url=https://www.myneta.info/Nagaland2023/candidate.php?candidate_id=6817 |access-date=6 November 2024 |website=www.myneta.info}}</ref> He was an active student leader and worked with Chang Wetoshi Setshang from 2014 to 2017. He was also associated with the Confederation of Chang Students' Union, a former students' body and Eastern Naga Students’ Federation from 2018 to 2021. He is now serving as an advisor to the Tuensang Village Students' Union.<ref name=":1" />

== Career ==
Imtichoba won from Tuensang Sadar II Assembly constituency representing [[Republican Party of India (Athawale)]] in the 2023 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election. He polled 5,514 votes and defeated his nearest rival, K. Odibendang Chang of [[Nationalist Democratic Progressive Party]], by a margin of 400 votes.<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 March 2023 |title=Nagaland Election Result 2023 live updates: Neiphiu Rio set to be Nagaland chief minister for record fifth term |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/nagaland-election-results-2023-live-updates-ndpp-bjp-alliance-eye-comfortable-win/liveblog/98346394.cms |access-date=6 November 2024 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=2 March 2023|title=Nagaland Assembly election result updates {{!}} Rio set to be chief minister for record fifth term|url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/nagaland-assembly/nagaland-assembly-elections-results-march-2-2023/article66566908.ece|department=Elections|work=[[The Hindu]]|language=en-in|location=[[Chennai|Chennai, Tamil Nadu]]|issn=0971-751X|oclc=13119119|access-date=6 November 2024}}</ref> RPI (A) won its first seats outside Maharashtra and Imtichoba victory is one of the two the party won in Nagaland. It is a breakaway group of RPI, founded by B. R. Ambedkar in 1956.<ref>{{Cite web |title=RPI(A)'s maiden foray outside Maharashtra, wins 2 seats in Nagaland |url=https://morungexpress.com/rpias-maiden-foray-outside-maharashtra-wins-2-seats-in-nagaland |access-date=6 November 2024 |website=MorungExpress}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Imtichoba}}
[[Category:1988 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Republican Party of India (Athawale) politicians]]
[[Category:Nagaland MLAs 2023–2028]]
[[Category:People from Tuensang district]]

Dadu Chowgule

2025-07-17T23:19:22Z

FaustinoRicks4: started info

{{Short description|Indian wrestler}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2025}}
{{Infobox sportsperson
| name = Dadu Chowgule
| nickname =
| image =
| image_size =
| caption =
| birth_date =
| birth_place = [[Kolhapur]], [[Maharashtra]], India
| death_date = {{Death date|df=yes|2019|10|20}}
| death_place = [[Kolhapur]], [[Maharashtra]], India
| height =
| weight =
| sport = [[Freestyle wrestling]]
| event = [[Commonwealth Games]]
| club = Motibaug Talim
| coach =
| alma_mater =
| show-medals = yes
| medaltemplates =
{{MedalCountry | {{IND}} }}
{{MedalCompetition|[[Commonwealth Games]]}}
{{MedalSilver|[[1974 British Commonwealth Games|1974 Christchurch]]|Heavyweight category}}
}}

'''Dadu Chowgule''' (c. 1946 – 20 October 2019, name is also spelt as '''Dadu Chaugule''' or '''Dadu Chougule''') was an Indian wrestler from [[Maharashtra]], India. He was a two-time winner of the [[Maharashtra Kesari]] title and was also awarded the [[Rustam-e-Hind]] and Mahan Bharat Kesari titles.<ref name=uppercrust>{{cite news |url=https://uppercrustindia.com/oldsite/13crust/thirteen/season7.htm |title=Badam-Doodh & Kolhapuri Kusti! |work=UpperCrust India}}</ref> He represented India at the international level, winning a silver medal in the heavyweight category at the [[1974 British Commonwealth Games]] in [[New Zealand]]. He was awarded the [[Dhyan Chand Award]] by the [[Government of India]] in 2018.<ref>{{cite news |title=दादू चौगुले - ध्यानचंद, राही, स्मृती यांना अर्जुन पुरस्कार---दादू चौगुले, राही, स्मृतीच्या पुरस्काराने क्रीडानगरीत आनंदाची लाट |url=https://www.lokmat.com/kolhapur/kolhapur-dadu-chougule-arjuna-award-dhyanchand-rahi-smriti-dadu-chougule-raahi-smriti-award-anands/ |publisher=[[Lokmat]] |date=21 September 2018 |language=mr}}</ref> Chowgule died on 20 October 2019, in Kolhapur due to a heart attack at the age of 73.<ref name=Timesofindia>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/more-sports/wrestling/maharashtra-wrestling-legend-dadu-chougule-dies-of-heart-attack/articleshow/71677620.cms |title=Maharashtra wrestling legend Dadu Chougule dies of heart attack |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |date=21 October 2019 | agency=PTI | accessdate=17 July 2025}}</ref>

He trained at Motibaug Talim, a wrestling academy, under the guidance of wrestlers such as [[Ganpat Andalkar]] and Balu Bire. He was trained in traditional Indian wrestling techniques.<ref name=Timesofindia/>

== Achievements and awards ==
* [[Maharashtra Kesari]] (1970, 1971)
* [[Rustam-i-Hind|Rustam-e-Hind]] (1973)
* Mahan Bharat Kesari (1973)
* Silver Medal at [[1974 British Commonwealth Games]]
* [[Dhyan Chand Award]] for Lifetime Achievement in Sports (2018)

== See also ==
* [[List of Commonwealth Games medallists in wrestling]]
== References ==
{{reflist}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Chowgule, Dadu}}
[[Category:1940s births]]
[[Category:2019 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian male sport wrestlers]]
[[Category:Marathi people]]
[[Category:People from Kolhapur]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Dhyan Chand Award]]
[[Category:Commonwealth Games silver medallists for India]]
[[Category:Commonwealth Games silver medallists in wrestling]]
[[Category:Wrestlers at the 1974 British Commonwealth Games]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian people]]
[[Category:Medallists at the 1974 British Commonwealth Games]]
{{India-wrestling-bio-stub}}

Department of Tourism (Andhra Pradesh)

2025-06-08T08:06:16Z

FaustinoRicks4: started new post

{{Short description|Head of the Ministry of Tourism of the Government of Andhra Pradesh}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2024}}
{{Infobox official post
| post = Minister of Tourism
| body =
| native_name = {{transliteration|te|Paryāṭaka Śākha Mantrī}}
| insignia =
| insigniasize = 200px
| insigniacaption =
| insigniaalt =
| flag =
| flagsize =
| flagalt =
| flagborder =
| flagcaption = [[Emblem of Andhra Pradesh]]
| image = Sri Kandula Durgesh.jpg
| imagesize = 150px
| alt =
| imagecaption =
| incumbent = [[Kandula Durgesh]]
| acting =
| incumbentsince = 12 June 2024
| department = Department of Tourism
| style =
| type =
| status =
| abbreviation =
| member_of = [[Andhra Pradesh Council of Ministers|Andha Pradesh Cabinet]]
| reports_to = [[List of governors of Andhra Pradesh|Governor of Andhra Pradesh]] [[List of chief ministers of Andhra Pradesh|Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh]] [[Andhra Pradesh Legislature]]
| residence =
| seat =
| nominator =
| appointer = [[List of governors of Andhra Pradesh|Governor of Andhra Pradesh]]
| appointer_qualified = on the advice of the [[List of chief ministers of Andhra Pradesh|Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh]]
| termlength =
| termlength_qualified =
| constituting_instrument =
| inaugural = [[N. Chandrababu Naidu]]
| formation = 8 June 2014
| first =
| last =
| abolished =
| superseded_by =
| succession =
| unofficial_names =
| deputy =
| salary =
| website = {{url|https://aptourism.gov.in/|Official website}}
| footnotes =
}}

The '''Minister of Tourism''', is the head of the Department of Tourism of the [[Government of Andhra Pradesh]].

The incumbent minister of the Tourism department is the [[Kandula Durgesh]] from [[Janasena Party]].

== List of ministers ==
{| class="wikitable" style="line-height:1.4em; text-align:center"
! rowspan=2 |#
! rowspan=2 colspan="2" |Portrait
! rowspan=2 style="width:16em" | Minister {{small|(Lifespan) Constituency}}
! colspan="3" |Term of office
! rowspan=2 style="width:5em" |Election {{small|(Term)}}
! rowspan=2 style="width:8em" |Party
! rowspan=2 style="width:8em" |Ministry
! rowspan=2 style="width:10em" |Chief Minister
!rowspan=2 |Ref.
|-
!Term start
!Term end
!Duration
|-
!–
|rowspan=2 bgcolor="{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}}"|
|[[File: Chandrababu Naidu 2017.jpg|97x97px]]
|'''[[N. Chandrababu Naidu]]''' {{small|(born 1950) MLA for [[Kuppam Assembly constituency|Kuppam]]}}
|8 June 2014
|1 April 2017
|'''{{ayd|8 June 2014|1 April 2017}}'''
|rowspan=2 |[[2014 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2014]] {{small|[[14th Andhra Pradesh Assembly|(14th)]]}}
|rowspan=2 |[[Telugu Desam Party]]
|rowspan=2 bgcolor="#F5EC7D"| '''[[Third N. Chandrababu Naidu ministry|Naidu III]]'''
|rowspan=2 |[[N. Chandrababu Naidu]]
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-06-08 |title=19 ministers take oath along with Chandrababu Naidu |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/political-pulse/19-ministers-take-oath-along-with-chandrababu-naidu/ |access-date=2022-10-30 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
!1
|[[File: The Minister for Tourism and Culture, Andhra Pradesh, Ms. Bhuma Akhila Priya meeting the Minister of State for Culture (IC) and Environment, Forest & Climate Change, Dr. Mahesh Sharma, in New Delhi on October 30, 2017 (cropped).jpg|97x97px]]
|'''[[Bhuma Akhila Priya]]''' {{small|(born 1987) MLA for [[Allagadda Assembly constituency|Allagadda]]}}
|2 April 2017
|29 May 2019
|'''{{ayd|2 April 2017|29 May 2019}}'''
|<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rao |first=G. v r Subba |date=2017-04-02 |title=Chandrababu Naidu's son Nara Lokesh takes oath as Minister |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/chandrababu-naidus-son-nara-lokesh-takes-oath-as-minister/article17762250.ece |access-date=2022-10-30 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
|-
!2
|rowspan=2 bgcolor="{{party color|YSR Congress Party}}"|
|[[File: Muttamsetti Srinivasa Rao.png |97x97px]]
|'''[[Muttamsetti Srinivasa Rao]]''' {{small|(born 1967) MLA for [[Bheemili Assembly constituency|Bheemili]]}}
|30 May 2019
|7 April 2022
|'''{{ayd|30 May 2019|7 April 2022}}'''
|rowspan=2 |[[2019 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2019]] {{small|[[15th Andhra Pradesh Assembly|(15th)]]}}
| rowspan="2" |[[YSR Congress Party]]
| rowspan=2 bgcolor="#94A2F7"| '''[[Y. S. Jagan Mohan Reddy ministry|Jagan]]'''
| rowspan="2" |[[Y. S. Jagan Mohan Reddy]]
|<ref>{{Cite news |date=2019-05-30 |title=Jaganmohan Reddy sworn-in as Andhra Pradesh chief minister |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/jaganmohan-reddy-sworn-in-as-andhra-pradesh-chief-minister/articleshow/69574758.cms |access-date=2024-08-25 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
!3
|[[File: Actress Roja.jpg|97x97px]]
|'''[[Roja Selvamani|R.K.Roja]]''' {{small|(born 1972) MLA for [[Nagari Assembly constituency|Nagari]]}}
|11 April 2022
|11 June 2024
|'''{{ayd|11 April 2022|11 June 2024}}'''
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Service |first=Indo-Asian News |date=2022-04-11 |title=25 members of Jagan Reddy's revamped Cabinet take oath |url=https://www.siasat.com/25-members-of-jagan-reddys-revamped-cabinet-take-oath-2306655/ |access-date=2022-10-30 |website=The Siasat Daily |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
!4
|bgcolor="{{party color|Janasena Party}}"|
|[[File: Sri Kandula Durgesh.jpg |97x97px]]
|'''[[Kandula Durgesh]]''' {{small|(born 1960) MLA for [[Nidadavole Assembly constituency|Nidadavole]]}}
|12 June 2024
|''Incumbent''
|'''{{ayd|12 June 2024|}}'''
|[[2024 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2024]] {{small|[[16th Andhra Pradesh Assembly|(16th)]]}}
|[[Janasena Party]]
|bgcolor="#F5EC7D"| '''[[Fourth N. Chandrababu Naidu ministry|Naidu IV]]'''
|[[N. Chandrababu Naidu]]
|<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-06-14 |title=Full list of Andhra Pradesh Cabinet Ministers with portfolios: Who gets what |url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/andhra-pradesh-assembly/andhra-pradesh-council-of-ministers-full-list/article68288989.ece |access-date=2024-07-23 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Government of Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Lists of government ministers of Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:State cabinet ministers of Andhra Pradesh]]

Raino Parvat

2025-06-08T06:23:20Z

FaustinoRicks4: created new article!

{{Short description|1914 Gujarati play by Ramanbhai Neelkanth}}
{{italic title}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2022}}
{{Infobox play
| name = Raino Parvat
| image = Raino Parvat 5th edition title page.jpg
| caption = Title page of 5th edition, 1923
| writer = [[Ramanbhai Neelkanth]]
| chorus = 
| characters = {{unbulleted list
|Parvatrai
|Lilavati
|Vinavati
|Manjari
|Sitalsinh
|Jalaka/Amritdevi
|Rai/Jagdeep
|Durgesh
|Kalyankam
|Savitri
|Kamala
|Pushpasen
}}
| mute = 
| setting = 
| premiere = 14 March 1915 (probably)
| place = 

| orig_lang = [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]]
| series = 
| subject = 
| genre = 
| web = 
}}

'''''Raino Parvat''''' ({{translation}} [[Make a mountain out of a molehill|a mountain out of a mustard seed]]) is a 1914 [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]] play by [[Ramanbhai Neelkanth]] (1868–1928), written with an eye on social reform attempts to bring about a synthesis of the [[Sanskrit]] and English styles of drama. It is considered a classic play of [[Gujarati literature]]. It tells a story of a gardener who become king due to the circumstances.

== Background and structure ==
Ramanlal was influenced by ''[[Kanta (play)|Kanta]]'' (1882), a Gujarati play written by [[Manilal Dwivedi]], and decided to write a play. In 1895, he started writing ''Raino Parvat'' but stopped after writing the first act. He briefly worked on it in May 1909. He completed it around the end of 1913 and published it in 1914.<ref name=BipinJhaveri1950>{{cite book |title=Raino Parvatni Samiksha (Criticism of Raino Parvat) |last=Jhaveri |first=Bipinchandra |year=1950 |publisher=Ramesh Book Depot |location=Bombay |pages=6–7}}</ref>

Ramanbhai Neelkanth fused the tradition of [[Sanskrit Drama|Sanskrit drama]] with [[Shakespeare's writing style|Shakespearean technique]] in ''Raino Parvat'', the only play he wrote.<ref name="Devgun2014">{{cite book|author=Surinder Mohan Devgun|title=Shakespeare: Father of Composite Theater|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7LVOBQAAQBAJ&pg=PT152|accessdate=8 April 2018|date=27 October 2014|publisher=Partridge Publishing India|isbn=978-1-4828-3806-0|page=152}}</ref> It has 7 acts running into 36 scenes. The plot was inspired from the following couplet appearing in the ''Lalji Maniar Vesha'' of [[Bhavai]], a traditional [[Gujarati theatre|Gujarati folk play]]:
{{Verse translation |lang=gu |italicsoff=yes|
સાંઇઆંસે સબ કુચ્છ હોત હે, મુજ બંદેસે કચુ નહીં;
રાઈકું પરબત કરે, પરબત બાગેજ માંહી.<ref name="Thakar1999">{{cite book|last=Thaker|first=Dhirubhai P.|authorlink=Dhirubhai Thaker|title=Glimpses of Gujarati literature|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H3NjAAAAMAAJ|year=1999|publisher=Gujarat Sahitya Akademy|location=Gandhinagar|isbn=81-7227-061-5|pages=38, 93}}</ref>
|
Everything is done by God, nothing by us,
He alone can make a mountain out of a [[Brassica nigra|mustard seed]].<ref name="Lal2007">{{cite book|author=Mohan Lal|title=Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature: Navaratri-Sarvasena|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sOsbAAAAIAAJ|year=2007|publisher=Sahitya Akademi|location=New Delhi|isbn=((978-81-260-1003-5))|page=3504}}</ref>|
attr1={{lang|gu|લાલજી મનીઆર}}
|attr2=''Lalji Maniar'', [[Mahipatram Rupram Nilkanth]]
}}

== Characters ==
Principal characters are:<ref name="NBT1997">{{cite book|editor=K. M. George|title=Masterpieces of Indian literature|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dXFOAAAAYAAJ|accessdate=5 March 2018|volume=1|year=1997|publisher=National Book Trust|location=New Delhi|isbn=978-81-237-1978-8|page=351}}</ref>
* Parvatrai, king of Kanakpur
* Lilavati, young queen of Parvatrai
* Vinavati, daughter of Parvatrai and Lilavati
* Manjari, Lilavati's maid
* Sitalsinh, Parvatrai's bodyguard
* Jalaka, a gardener woman who is secretly Amritdevi, queen of the predecessor king, Ratnadeep
* Rai, a gardener who is secretly Jagdeep, the son of Ratnadeep
* Durgesh, the chief of distant land
* Kalyankam, a minister
* Savitri, wife of Kalyankam
* Kamala, daughter of Kalyakam and Savitri
* Pushpasen, an army chief

== Play ==
[[File:Ramanbhai Neelkanth.jpg|thumb|upright=0.7|Ramanbhai Neelkanth]]

=== Act 1 ===
Parvatrai, the king of Kanakpur, is concerned about the age difference with his young queen, Lilavati. He is tempted to regain his youth through the rejuvenation treatment of Jalaka, a gardener woman. He enters her garden to see a demonstration but is mistaken for an animal and killed by Rai. Jalaka and the king's bodyguard, Sitalsinh, bury the king in the garden and claim that he is in seclusion for the six-month rejuvenation treatment, leaving his minister, Kalyankam, to rule. Jalaka had been promised one-quarter of the kingdom if the treatment worked. But since Parvatrai is dead, she reveals to Rai that they are Queen Amritdevi and Prince Jagdeepdev, wife and heir of King Ratnadeepdev who Parvatrai dethroned through treachery. Rai agrees to follow his mother's wishes though he is troubled by his conscience.

=== Act 2 ===
Kalyankam and the chief of the army, Pushpasen, discuss the state of affairs. Durgesh, chief of a distant region of the state, tries to revolt but Kalyankam shrewdly promotes him as a deputy minister under his close supervision. Durgesh tries to gain the secret of Parvatrai's treatment but Jalaka withholds the information. Rai is injured falling from a horse and brought to Kayahkam's home for treatment. Kalyankam and his wife, Savitri, arrange a marriage between Pushpasen's daughter, Kamala, and Durgesh.

=== Act 3 ===
Durgesh, Kamala and Rai travel in disguise to learn how people view the king's rejuvenation experiment. They meet a monk who is displeased with it. Then they come across a group of people wearing mirrors on their bodies who sing that Old Parvatrai removed the mirrors from the palace, and when he is young they want him to return the mirrors to the kingdom. The men in the street remark that they are more concerned with the king's heart than his body, as they want a good king whether old or young. Someone makes a disparaging remark about a woman, which enrages Kamala, dressed as a man, but Durgesh intervenes to stop her attack. After returning home, Rai and Durgesh vow to campaign against the low status of women in the kingdom.

=== Act 4 ===
Rai had agreed to act as the rejuvenated king. Sitalsinh secretly takes him to see important places and gain familiarity with Parvatrai's life. He is brought to spy on Lilavati's chambers, where she is eager to lovingly receive her husband. Rai realizes with some shock that becoming king means he will become Lilavati's husband, and feels this to be utterly immoral and unjust. After brief consideration, he decides to give up his right to become Parvatrai's successor.

=== Act 5 ===
Six months have passed and a royal procession moves through the streets. Savitri and Kamala try to compare the young king to the Parvatrai they remembered, but are surprised that the new king looks like Rai. He enters the Prabhapunj palace where Queen Lilavati lovingly welcomes him but he refuses her embrace. Rai reveals that he is Prince Jagdeep and explains what happened. Lilavati faints and Rai helps her regain consciousness, respectfully addressing her as queen mother. Unaware of this, Jalaka offers flowers for Lilavati's chambers and is brutally attacked by Lilavati, who curses her: "never ever shall ye be queen, and you shall meet death as ''malan'' [{{translation|gardener woman}}] with a broken heart like mine." When Rai is crowned as king Parvatrai, he discloses to the court his real identity and asks the people and courtiers to decide the succession within a fortnight, during which time he will withdraw from the city.

=== Act 6 ===
Jagdeep is wandering when he saves a woman from a boat mishap on the riverbank. The woman is Vinavati, Parvatrai's daughter who has lived in seclusion since becoming a widow. She falls in love with Jagdeep at first sight and he is enamoured of her. Durgesh acts as a go-between and Vinavati's maid, Rekha, tells of her past history. Jagdeep kisses Vinavati's finger in place of a ring, as a token of his love, and departs.

=== Act 7 ===
Sitalsinh, with the help of Lilavati's maid, Manjari, conspires to persuade Lilavati to adopt his son as heir of the crown, but the scheme fails miserably. Jalaka has become despondent and ultimately dies. Jagdeep is elected as Pravatrai's successor and installed as king with Vinavati as the queen.

== Criticism ==
[[Ramanlal Joshi]] noted that the handling of dramatic situations, characterization, dialogues, and depiction of lofty sentiments make this play a classical work.<ref name="Lal2007" /> However, the play has been criticized for its long drawn-out sequence which is not suitable for the stage.<ref name="MehtaRadhakrishnan1962">{{cite book|author1=K. R. Srinivasa Iyengar|author2=Hansa Mehta|author3=S. Radhakrishnan|title=Drama in modern India & the writer's responsibility in a rapidly changing world: symposia at the fourth P.E.N. All India Writers' Conference, Baroda, 1957|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IU8eAAAAIAAJ|accessdate=8 April 2018|year=1962|publisher=P.E.N. All India Centre}}</ref> Bipin Jhaveri wrote ''Raino Parvatni Samiksha'' (''Criticism of Raino Parvat'') which was an expansion of his Ph.D. thesis submitted in 1950.<ref>{{cite book|editor=Ramananda Chatterjee|editor-link=Ramananda Chatterjee|title=The Modern Review|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wwwkAQAAIAAJ|accessdate=13 April 2018|year=1955|publisher=Prabasi Press Private Limited|page=321}}</ref> [[Anantrai Raval]] also published ''Raino Parvat: Vivechan'' (Criticism of Raino Parvat) in 1938, reprinted in 1957.

Several critics noted that: "Ramanbhai Nilkanth, a follower of [[Prarthana Samaj]], asserts his social reformer's signature by arranging Rai's marriage with Vinavati, a widow, in the last two acts which ultimately weakens its plot.<ref name="Desai2001">{{cite book |editor-last=Thaker |editor-first=Dhirubhai |editor-link=Dhirubhai Thaker |script-title=gu:ગુજરાતી વિશ્વકોશ |trans-title=Gujarati Encyclopedia |volume=17 |date=April 2003 | language=gu |location=Ahmedabad |publisher=[[Gujarati Vishwakosh]] Trust |page=448 |oclc=551875907}}</ref>

== Performance history ==
Possibly on 14 March 1915, the play was first performed by Gujarati Amateurs Group of [[Grant Medical College and Sir Jamshedjee Jeejeebhoy Group of Hospitals|Grant Medical College]] under the leadership of Manubhai, son of [[Nanalal Dalpatram Kavi|Nanalal Dalpatram]]. The play was split in three acts and it included two songs and a ''[[shloka]]'', written by [[Narsinhrao Divetia]]. The second performance was held in [[Ahmedabad]] in 1926 and was directed by [[Bapulal Nayak]], a [[Mumbai]] based actor and director of [[Mumbai Gujarati Natak Mandali]]. [[Jaishankar Bhojak|Jaishankar Sundari]] played the role of Lilavati in it while the role of Rai was played by Bapulal himself. In 1948, under the guidance of Jaishankar Sundari and Jashvant Thakkar, the students of [[Gujarat Vidhya Sabha]] performed ''Raino Parvat'' for the centenary of the institution. In this performance, [[Vinodini Nilkanth]], daughter of Ramanbhai Neelkanth, played the role of Jalka.<ref name=BipinJhaveri1950 /><ref>{{cite book |author=Lal, Ananda | title=The Oxford Companion to Indian Theatre |date=2004 | publisher=Oxford University Press | isbn=978-0-19-986124-8 |doi=10.1093/acref/9780195644463.001.0001}}</ref>

== Adaptations ==
*''Raino Darpanrai'', a Gujarati play by [[Hasmukh Baradi]], was adapted from ''Raino Parvat''.<ref name="Thakar1999" />
*''Jalaka'', a three-act play by [[Chinu Modi]], is based on the ''Raino Parvat'' character of the same name.<ref name="Ketkar2012">{{cite thesis|last=Ketkar|first=Ashish Narendra|title=Creative Use of Elements of Bhavai in Modern Gujarati Plays: a Critical Analysis|chapter=Chapter 3|date=30 June 2012|publisher=Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda|location=Vadodara|type=PhD|pages=5|hdl=10603/87314}}</ref>

== Further reading ==
* {{cite book |title='Raino Parvat': Vivechan (Criticism of Raino Parvat) |author=Raval, Anantrai Manishankar |author-link=Anantrai Raval |year=1957 |edition=2nd |publisher=Gurjar Granthratna Karyalaya |location=Ahmedabad}}
* {{cite book |title=Raino Parvatni Samiksha (Criticism of Raino Parvat) |author=Jhaveri, Bipinchandra |year=1950 |type=Ph. D. |publisher=Ramesh Book Depot |location=Bombay}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Wikisource|gu:રાઈનો પર્વત|રાઈનો પર્વત}}
* {{Google books|id=dby0swEACAAJ}}

[[Category:Gujarati-language books]]
[[Category:Indian plays]]
[[Category:1914 plays]]
[[Category:Plays set in the 20th century]]
[[Category:Gujarati-language plays]]

Line 9 (Mumbai Metro)

2025-05-30T10:14:08Z

FaustinoRicks4: Created redirect page

#REDIRECT [[Red Line (Mumbai Metro)]]

Serangulam

2024-11-05T20:03:52Z

FaustinoRicks4: New

{{Multiple issues|
{{Orphan|date=January 2017}}
{{more citations needed|date=May 2016}}
}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2023}}

'''Serankulam''' or '''Serangulam''' or '''Serangolam''', is a village in [[Mannargudi]] Taluk of [[Thiruvarur]] District in [[Tamil Nadu]] in [[India]].
<ref>{{cite web |title=Tiruvarur District Mannargudi Block|url=http://www.tiruvarur.tn.nic.in/mngblk.html}}</ref>

Serangolam is about 5 kilometers from Mannargudi and can be reached by buses, auto-rickshaws and a mini-bus. Serangolam is roughly about 330 kilometers from Chennai.

== Demographics ==
According to the 2011 India Census, Serangulam had a population of 2840<ref>{{Cite web |date=September 16, 2024 |title=Population Finder {{!}} Government of India |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/api/tables/data/2011/PC11_PCA-TV/255?_source=dt&labels=indicator&state=33&district=619&subdistrict=5808&town_village=638250&geo_level=4&format=csv |access-date=September 16, 2024 |website=Census, Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India}}</ref> including 1467 males and 1373 females. 2078 were deemed literate and the worker population was 1232.

==Religious Significance==
In the [[Tamil culture|Tamil]] [[Srivaishnava]] tradition, Serangolam (aka, Serankulam, Serangulam) is one of five villages collectively known as [[Panchagramam]]. The other villages are Karappangadu, Nammankurichi, [[Peravurani|Peravoorani]] and [[Puliyakudi|Puliyakkudi]] (Idaikkadu).

===Oral tradition about Panchagramam===
Once upon a time, a group of Srivaishnavas from Kooram, Kidambi and Selperi (near Kanchipuram) set off on a pilgrimage. One nightfall, they stopped at the place now known as Karappangadu. That night, they had a dream in which the Lord directed them to an anthill (marked by a flying Garuda) in which they were to find a deity. The Lord directed the Srivaishnavas to build a temple and chant the Divya Prabhandam for HIM. Thus, the town of Karappangadu was formed. As days went by, the families from Karappangadu settled in the near-by areas. They got settled in Peraavoorani, Nammankurichi, Puliyakkudi, and Serangolam - these came to be called "The Panchagramams" (meaning: "The 5 villages") along with Karappangaadu.

==Temple==
[[File:Srinivasa-Perumaal.jpg|thumb]]
Serangolam has a temple dedicated to Lord Srinivasa, located on the banks of the river [[Pamaniyar River|Paamani]], a branch of Cauvery until it unites with Bay of Bengal in the town of Muthupettai.

==References==
<references />

[[Category:Villages in Tiruvarur district]]

Swapnatirtha

2024-11-01T08:50:37Z

FaustinoRicks4: Done.

{{short description|1979 Gujarati novel by Radheshyam Sharma}}
{{Infobox book
| italic title = 
| name = Swapnatirtha
| image = Swapnatirtha cover page.png
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption = Cover page
| author = [[Radheshyam Sharma]]
| title_orig = સ્વપ્નતીર્થ
| orig_lang_code = gu
| title_working =
| translator =
| illustrator =
| cover_artist =
| country = India
| language = [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]]
| release_number =
| subject =
| genre = novel
| set_in =
| publisher = R. R. Sheth & Co., [[Mumbai]]
| publisher2 =
| pub_date =
| published = 1979
| media_type = Print
| pages = 174
| awards =
| isbn =
| isbn_note =
| oclc = 5945871
| dewey = 891.473
| congress =
| preceded_by = [[Fero (novel)|Fero]] (1968)
| followed_by =
| native_wikisource =
| wikisource =
| notes =
| exclude_cover =
| website =
}}

'''Swapnatirtha''' ({{langx|gu|સ્વપ્નતીર્થ}}) is a Gujarati novel by [[Radheshyam Sharma]]. It was published in 1979 and made a great impact on [[Gujarati literature|Gujarati novels]].<ref>{{cite book|location=New Delhi|title=Indian Literature|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TXNjAAAAMAAJ|access-date=7 February 2017|volume=27|year=1984|publisher=[[Sahitya Akademi]]|page=74}}</ref>

== Characters ==
* Navin - a young adolescent gullible boy
* Shanta - Navin's mother
* Vinayak kaka - Navin's uncle
* Ghanshyamlalji Maharaj - a [[Hindu priest]]
* Bhalubhai Sanghvi and Sohanbhai - two persons of pilgrimage with whom Navin gets [[Homosexuality|homosexual relationship]]

== Plot ==
It is the story of an adolescent gullible boy Navin who being a religious one, pilgrims with a congregation on foot to a shrine of [[Vaishnavism|Vaishnava]] cult. His father Mathurdas's death is doubtful and his mother Shanta is illicitly connected with another two persons, first is his uncle Vinayak kaka, who visit their home frequently and second is Dharmaguru Ghanshyam Maharaj. These are the essential elements that interlace the plot of father-son relationship in the end. A dream follows the descriptions of each day in the diary.<ref name=CT>{{cite journal |last=Topiwala |first=Chandrakant |author-link=Chandrakant Topiwala |date=November–December 1980 |title= Gujarati: The Dominance of Poetry|jstor=23330254|journal= Indian Literature |volume= 23 |issue=–6 |pages=11 }}</ref><ref name="Rajan1989">{{cite book|author=P. K. Rajan|title=The Growth of the Novel in India, 1950-1980|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EK3PpQWV51MC&pg=PA75|access-date=15 February 2017|year=1989|publisher=Abhinav Publications|location=New Delhi|isbn=978-81-7017-259-8|page=75}}</ref>

==Format==
The novel runs on three levels: the subtle voice of the narrator, image-full dream sequence of the young boy and the flat monotonous repetitive and school-age tone of his diary.<ref name=CT/><ref name="Rajan1989"/> The techniques of [[dream sequence]] and [[dream vision]] are used in this novel.<ref name=st>{{cite thesis |last=Talpada |first=Hasit |title=Aadhunik Navalkathanu Gadhya Ek Abhyas Suresh Joshi Madhuray Ravji Patel Radheshyam Sharma ni Mukhya Navalo ne Aadhare |chapter=Chapter 3: Radheshyam Sharmani Navalkathanu Gadya |publisher=Sardar Patel University |url=http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/98020/7/07_chapter%203.pdf |access-date=27 February 2017|hdl=10603/98020}}</ref>
The prose of the novel is rough and boring.<ref name=sw>{{cite thesis |last=Trivedi |first=Rajeshkumar |date=18 August 2015 |title=Jyotish Jani Mukund Parikh Shrikant Shah ane Radheshyam Sharmani navalkathaoni technic ange navalkathana swaroopho vikash ek adhyayan |type=Ph.D |chapter=Chapter 6: Navalkathakar Radheshyam Sharman|publisher=Gujarat University |url=http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/47949/8/08_chapter%206.pdf |access-date=27 February 2017|hdl=10603/47949}}</ref>

== Criticism ==
[[Jayant Gadit]] wrote that, the novel does not gives us the complete story but it centered around the consciousness of Navin, a main protagonist of the novel. [[Pravin Darji]] noted this novel for its prominent prose.<ref name=st/>

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{Google Books|id=cdAyHAAACAAJ}}

[[Category:Gujarati-language novels]]
[[Category:Novels set in the 20th century]]
[[Category:Existentialist novels]]
[[Category:Modernist novels]]
[[Category:1979 Indian novels]]
[[Category:Novels about dreams]]

Kaushitaki Upanishad

2024-10-28T17:46:08Z

FaustinoRicks4: minor fixed intro after review and corrected details

{{Short description|One of the ancient Sanskrit scriptures of Hinduism}}
{{italic title}}
{{Upanishads}}
The '''''Kaushitaki Upanishad''''' ({{langx|sa|कौषीतकि उपनिषद्}}, {{IAST|Kauṣītaki Upaniṣad}}) is an ancient Sanskrit text contained inside the [[Rigveda]].<ref name=pauldeussen/> It is associated with the ''Kaushitaki'' [[shakha]], but a [[Sāmānya]] Upanishad, meaning that it is "common" to all schools of [[Vedanta]]. It was included in [[Robert Ernest Hume|Robert Hume's]] list of 13 Principal Upanishads,<ref>Hume, Robert Ernest (1921), [https://archive.org/stream/thirteenprincipa028442mbp#page/n7/mode/2up The Thirteen Principal Upanishads], [[Oxford University Press]], page xi</ref> and lists as number 25 in the [[Muktikā]] canon of 108 Upanishads.

The Kaushitaki Upanishad, also known as Kaushitaki Brahmana Upanishad,<ref name=maxmuller/> is part of the ''[[Aranyaka#Shankhayana Aranyaka|Kaushitaki Aranyaka]]'' or the ''Shankhayana Aranyaka''. The ''Kausitaki Aranyaka'' comprises 15 chapters and four of these chapters form the Kaushitaki Upanishad.

==Chronology==
The chronology of Kaushitaki Upanishad, like other Upanishads, is unclear. It is based on an analysis of archaism, style and repetitions across texts, driven by assumptions about likely evolution of ideas, and on presumptions about which philosophy might have influenced which other Indian philosophies.<ref name=stephenphillips>Stephen Phillips (2009), Yoga, Karma, and Rebirth: A Brief History and Philosophy, Columbia University Press, {{ISBN|978-0231144858}}, Chapter 1</ref><ref>[[Patrick Olivelle]] (1996), The Early Upanishads: Annotated Text & Translation, Oxford University Press, {{ISBN|978-0195124354}}, Introduction Chapter</ref>

Kaushitaki Upanishad was probably composed before the middle of the 1st millennium BCE. [[Ramchandra Dattatreya Ranade|Ranade]]<ref>RD Ranade, [https://archive.org/stream/A.Constructive.Survey.of.Upanishadic.Philosophy.by.R.D.Ranade.1926.djvu/A.Constructive.Survey.of.Upanishadic.Philosophy.by.R.D.Ranade.1926#page/n47/mode/2up A Constructive Survey of Upanishadic Philosophy], Chapter 1, page 16, see pages 13-18 for discussion</ref> places Kaushitaki chronological composition in the third group of ancient Upanishads, composed about the time of Aitareya and Taittiriya Upanishads. [[Juan Mascaró]] posits that Kaushitaki Upanishad was probably composed after Brihadaranyaka, Chandogya and Taittiriya Upanishads, but before all other ancient Principal Upanishads of Hinduism.<ref>Juan Mascaro (1965), The Upanishads, Penguin Classics, {{ISBN|978-0140441635}}, page 45</ref> [[Paul Deussen|Deussen]] as well as Winternitz consider the Kaushitaki Upanishad as amongst the most ancient prose style Upanishads, and pre-Buddhist, pre-Jaina literature.<ref name=ssharma>S Sharma (1985), Life in the Upanishads, {{ISBN|978-8170172024}}, pages 17-19</ref><ref>M Winternitz (2010), History of Indian Literature, Vol 1, Motilal Banarsidass, {{ISBN|978-8120802643}}</ref>

Ian Whicher dates Kaushitaki Upanishad to about 800 BCE.<ref>Ian Whicher (1999), The Integrity of the Yoga Darsana: A Reconsideration of Classical Yoga, State University of New York Press, {{ISBN|978-0791438152}}, page 14</ref> According to a 1998 review by [[Patrick Olivelle]], and other scholars, the Kaushitaki Upanishad was likely composed in a pre-Buddhist period, but after the more ancient Brihadaranyaka and Chandogya Upanishads, placing the Kaushitaki text between 6th to 5th century BCE.<ref name="Olivelle1998p12">{{cite book|author=Patrick Olivelle|title=The Early Upanishads: Annotated Text and Translation|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=d4IRDAAAQBAJ |year=1998|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-512435-4 |pages=12–13}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Stephen Phillips|title=Yoga, Karma, and Rebirth: A Brief History and Philosophy|url= https://archive.org/details/yogakarmarebirth0000phil |url-access=registration|year=2009|publisher=Columbia University Press|isbn=978-0-231-14485-8|pages=[https://archive.org/details/yogakarmarebirth0000phil/page/28 28]–30}}</ref>

==Structure==
The Kaushitaki Upanishad is part of the Rigveda, but it occupies different chapter numbers in the Veda manuscripts discovered in different parts of India. Three sequences are most common: the Upanishad is chapters 1, 2, 3 and 4 of Kausitaki Aranyaka, or 6, 7, 8, 9 chapters of that [[Aranyaka]], or chapters 1, 7, 8 and 9 in some manuscripts.<ref name=pauldeussen>[[Paul Deussen]], Sixty Upanishads of the Veda, Volume 1, Motilal Banarsidass, {{ISBN|978-8120814684}}, pages 21–23</ref><ref name=maxmuller/> [[Paul Deussen]] suggests that these different chapter numbers may reflect that Upanishadic layer of Vedic literature were created and incorporated as spiritual knowledge in the pre-existing Aranyaka-layer of Vedic texts, and when this was being done in distant parts of India, the sequencing information was not implemented uniformly.<ref name=pauldeussen/>

The Kausitaki Upanishad is a prose text, divided into four chapters, containing 6,<ref>Some manuscripts number the chapter into 7 verses</ref> 15, 9 and 20 verses respectively.

There is some evidence that the Kaushitaki Upanishad, in some manuscripts, had nine chapters, but these manuscripts are either lost or yet to be found.<ref name=maxmuller>[[Max Müller]], {{Google books|BJI0D_W5a-QC|The Upanishads|page=PR98}}, Oxford University Press, pages xcviii to ci</ref>

==Content==
{{Hindu scriptures |expanded=Upanishads}}

===First chapter===
In the first chapter of the Kausitaki Upanishad, rebirth and transmigration of Atman (Self) is asserted as existent, and that one's life is affected by [[karma]], and then it asks whether there is liberation and freedom from the cycles of birth and rebirth. Verse 2 of the first chapter states it as follows (abridged),<ref name=pauldeussen1/>

{{Blockquote|
Born am I and again reborn, 
As twelvefold year, as thirteenth beyond the moon, 
From the twelvefold, from the thirteenfold father, 
The this one and the other versus this to know, 
Until ye, seasons, me led to death by virtue of this truth, by virtue of this [[Tapas (Sanskrit)|Tapas]], 
I am the seasons, I am the child of the seasons ! 
Who are you?
I am you.
|Kaushitaki Upanishad, Chapter 1, Hymn 2<ref name=pauldeussen1>[[Paul Deussen]], Sixty Upanishads of the Veda, Volume 1, Motilal Banarsidass, {{ISBN|978-8120814684}}, pages 24–31; The complete hymn is: स होवाच ये वै के चास्माल्लोकात्प्रयन्ति चन्द्रमसमेव ते सर्वे गच्च्हन्ति । तेषां प्राणैः पूर्वपक्ष आप्यायते । अथापरपक्षे न प्रजनयति । एतद्वै स्वर्गस्य लोकस्य द्वारं यश्चन्द्रमास्तं यत्प्रत्याह तमतिसृजतेऽथ य एनं प्रत्याहतमिह वृष्टिर्भूत्वा वर्षति स इह कीटो वा पतङ्गो वा शकुनिर्वा शार्दूलो वा सिंहो वा मत्स्यो वा परश्वा वा पुरुषो वान्यो वैतेषु स्थानेषु प्रत्याजायते यथाकर्म यथाविद्यम् । तमागतं पृच्छति कोऽसीति तं प्रतिब्रूयाद्विचक्षणादृतवो रेत आभृतं पञ्चदशात्प्रसूतात्पित्र्यावतस्तन्मा पुंसि कर्तर्येरयध्वं पुंसा कर्त्रा मातरि मा निषिक्तः स जायमान उपजायमानो द्वादश त्रयोदश उपमासो द्वादशत्रयोदशेन पित्रा सन्तद्विदेहं तन्म ऋतवो मर्त्यव आरभध्वम् । तेन सत्येन तपसर्तुरस्म्यार्तवोऽस्मि कोऽसि त्वमस्मीति तमतिसृजते ॥ २ ॥ ([https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/कौषीतकि_उपनिषद् Wikisource]</ref>}}

In verse 6 of chapter 1, the Kausitaki Upanishad asserts that a man is the season (nature), sprouts from season, rises from a cradle, reborn through his wife, as splendour. It then states, in a dialogue between Man and [[Brahman]] (Universal Self, Eternal Reality),<ref name=pauldeussen2/>

{{Blockquote|
He declares, "Man is the Self is every living being. You are the self of every being. What you are, I am." 
Man asks, "Who am I then?" 
Brahman answers, "The Truth."
|Kaushitaki Upanishad, Chapter 1, Hymn 6, Translated by Paul Deussen<ref name=pauldeussen2>[[Paul Deussen]], Sixty Upanishads of the Veda, Volume 1, Motilal Banarsidass, {{ISBN|978-8120814684}}, pages 24–31; The complete hymn is: ऋतुरस्म्यार्तवोऽस्म्याकाशाद्योनेः सम्भूतो भार्या एतत्संवत्सरस्य तेजोभूतस्य भूतस्यात्मभूतस्य त्वमात्मासि यस्त्वमसि सोहमस्मीति तमाह कोऽहमस्मीति सत्यमिति ब्रूयात्किं तद्यत्सत्यमिति यदन्यद्देवेभ्यश्च प्राणेभ्यश्च तत्सदथ यद्देवाच्च प्राणाश्च तत्त्यं तदेतया वाचाभिव्याह्रियते सत्यमित्येतावदिदं सर्वमिदं सर्वमसि । इत्येवैनं तदाह । तदेतदृक्श्लोकेनाभ्युक्तं यजूदरः सामशिरा असावृङ्मूर्तिरव्ययः । स ब्रह्मेति हि विज्ञेय ऋषिर्ब्रह्ममयो महानिति । तमाह केन मे पौंस्रानि नामान्याप्नोतीति प्राणेनेति ब्रूयात् । केन स्त्रीनामानीति वाचेति केन नपुंसकनामानीति मनसेति केन गन्धानिति घ्राणेनेति ब्रूयात् । केन रूपाणीति चक्षुषेति केन शब्दानिति श्रोत्रेणेति केनान्नरसानिति जिह्वयेति केन कर्माणीति हस्ताभ्यामिति केन सुखदुःखे इति शरीरेणेति केनानन्दं रतिं प्रजापतिमित्युपस्थेनेति । केनेत्या इति पादाभ्यामिति केन धियो विज्ञातव्यं कामानिति प्रज्ञयेति ब्रूयात्तमह । आपो वै खलु मे ह्यसावयं ते लोक इति सा या ब्रह्मणॊ जितिर्या व्यष्टिस्तां जितिं जयति तां व्यष्टिं व्यश्नुते य एवं वेद य एवं वेद ॥ ६ ॥ ([https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/कौषीतकि_उपनिषद् Wikisource]</ref>)}}

Edward Cowell translates the above verses that declare the "Oneness in Atman and Brahman" principle as follows,
{{Blockquote|
(The Self answers, when asked by Brahma, "Who art thou?") 
I am time, I am what is in time; 
I am born from the womb of space; 
from the self manifesting light of Brahman; 
the seed of the year; 
the splendour of the past and the cause, the Self of all that is sensible and insensible, and of the five elements; 
Thou art Self. What thou art, that am I. 
Brahma says to him, "Who am I?" 
His answer, "Thou art the Truth".
|Kaushitaki Upanishad, Chapter 1, Translated by Edward Cowell<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=KP4IAAAAQAAJ Kaushitaki Upanishad] Edward Cowell (Translator), Asiatic Society of Bengal (1861), page 149</ref>}}

===Second chapter===
In the second chapter of the Kausitaki Upanishad, each life and all lives is declared as Brahman (Universal Self, Eternal Being). To the extent a person realizes that his being is identical with Brahman, to that extent he is Brahman. He doesn't need to pray, states Kausitaki Upanishad, the one who realizes and understands his true nature as identical with the universe, the Brahman.<ref name=pauldeussen3>[[Paul Deussen]], Sixty Upanishads of the Veda, Volume 1, Motilal Banarsidass, {{ISBN|978-8120814684}}, pages 30–42;</ref> To those who don't understand their Atman, they blindly serve their senses and cravings, they worship the without; and in contrast, those who do understand their Atman, their senses serve their Atman, they live holistically.<ref name=pauldeussen3/>

In verse 5 of the second chapter, the Kausitaki Upanishad asserts that "external rituals such as [[Agnihotra]]m offered in the morning and in the evening, must be replaced with inner Agnihotram, the ritual of introspection". Paul Deussen states that this chapter reformulates religion, by declaring, "religion is supposed not to consist in the observance of the external cult; but that which places the whole life, with every breathe, in its service." It is knowledge that makes one the most beautiful, the most glorious, and the strongest. Not rituals, but knowledge should be one's pursuit.<ref name=pauldeussen3/>

===Third chapter===
After asserting Atman (Self) as personified God in first two chapters, the Kausitaki Upanishad develops the philosophical doctrine of the Atman in the third chapter.<ref name=pauldeussen4>[[Paul Deussen]], Sixty Upanishads of the Veda, Volume 1, Motilal Banarsidass, {{ISBN|978-8120814684}}, pages 43–47;</ref> It identifies perception of sense-objects as dependent on sense-organs, which in turn depend on integrative psychological powers of the mind. Then it posits that freedom and liberation comes not from sense-objects, not from sense-organs, not from subjective psychological powers of mind, but that it comes from "knowledge and action" alone. The one who knows Self, and acts harmoniously with the Self, solemnly exists as the highest God which is that Self (Atman) itself.<ref name=pauldeussen4/> The chapter invokes deity Indra, personifies him as Atman and reveals him as communicating that he is Life-breath and Atman, and Atman is him and all is One.

The chapter presents the metaphysical definition of a human being as Consciousness, Atman, Self. In verse 3, it develops the foundation for this definition by explaining that speech cannot define a human being, because we see human beings midst us who are born without the power of speech (dumb); that sight cannot define a human being, because we see human beings midst us who are born without the ability of sight (blind); that hearing cannot define a human being, because we see human beings midst us who are born without the ability to hear (deaf); that mind cannot define a human being, because we see human beings midst us who are without the power of clear thinking (foolishness); that arms or legs cannot define a human being, because we see human beings midst us who lose their arms or legs (cut in an accident).<ref name=pauldeussen4/> A being has life-force, which is consciousness. And that which is conscious, has life-force.<ref name=pauldeussen4/><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=KP4IAAAAQAAJ Kaushitaki Upanishad] Edward Cowell (Translator), Asiatic Society of Bengal (1861), pages 161–163</ref>

In many verses of chapter 3, the theme, the proof and the premise is re-asserted by Kaushitaki Upanishad, that "[[Prana|Prāṇa]] is [[Prajñā (Hinduism)|prajñā]], Prajñā is prāṇa" (वै प्राणः सा प्रज्ञा या वा प्रज्ञा स प्राणः, Life-force is consciousness, consciousness is life-force).<ref name=pauldeussen4/>

In the last verses of chapter 3, the Kaushitaki Upanishad asserts that to really know someone, one must know his Self. Know the Self of the subject, not just superficial objects. The structure of its argument is as follows (abridged),<ref name=pauldeussen5>Paul Deussen, Sixty Upanishads of the Veda, Volume 1, Motilal Banarsidass, {{ISBN|978-8120814684}}, pages 50–51; Sanskrit: न वाचं विजिज्ञासीत वक्तारं विद्यान्न गन्धं विजिज्ञासीत घ्रातारं विद्यान्न रूपं विजिज्ञासीत रूपविद्यं विद्यान्न शब्दं विजिज्ञासीत श्रोतारं विद्यान्नान्नरसं विजिज्ञासीतान्नरसविज्ञातारं विद्यान्न कर्म विजिज्ञासीत कर्तारं विद्यान्न सुखदुःखे विजिज्ञासीत सुखदुःखयोर्विज्ञातारं विद्यान्नानन्दं न रतिं न प्रजातिं विजिज्ञासीतानन्दस्य रतेः प्रजातेर्विज्ञातारं विद्यान्नेत्यां विजिज्ञासीतैतारं विद्यात् । न मनो विजिज्ञासीत मन्तारं विद्यात् । ता वा एता दशैव भूतमात्रा अधिप्रज्ञं दश प्रज्ञामात्रा अधिभूतं यद्धि भूतमात्रा न स्युर्न प्रज्ञामात्राः स्युर्यद्वा प्रज्ञामात्रा न स्युर्न भूतमात्राः स्युः ॥ ८ ॥ न ह्यन्यतरतो रूपं किञ्चन सिद्ध्येन्नो एतन्नाना तद्यथा रथस्यारेषु नेमिरर्पिता नाभावरा अर्पिता एवमेवैता भूतमात्राः प्रज्ञामात्रास्वर्पिताः प्रज्ञामात्राः प्राणेऽर्पिताः स एष प्राण एव प्रज्ञात्मानन्दोऽजरोऽमृतः । न साधुना कर्मणा भूयान्नो एवासाधुना कनीयान् । एष ह्येवैनं साधुकर्म कारयति तं यमेभ्यो लोकेभ्यो उन्निनीषत एष उ एवैनमसाधु कर्म कारयति तं यमधॊ निनीषत । एष लोकपाल एष लोकाधिपतिरेष सर्वेश्वरः स '''म आत्मेति विद्यात्स म आत्मेति विद्यात्''' ॥ ९ ॥ ([https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/कौषीतकि_उपनिषद् Wikisource])</ref><ref>[https://archive.org/stream/thirteenprincipa028442mbp#page/n347/mode/2up Kauṣītaki Upaniṣad] Robert Hume (Translator), Oxford University Press, pages 327–328</ref>
{{Blockquote|
One should not desire to understand the speech but should desire to know him who speaks, 
One should not desire to understand the smell (described by a person) but should desire to know him who smells, 
One should not desire to understand the form (of the person) but should desire to know him who sees the form, 
One should not desire to understand the sound (described) but should desire to know him who hears, 
One should not desire to understand the food (description) but should desire to know him who tastes, 
One should not desire to understand the deed but should desire to know him who performs the deed, 
One should not desire to understand pleasure and pain from excitation but should desire to know him who feels the pleasure and pain, 
One should not desire to understand the opinion and thinking but should desire to know him who opines and thinks. 
Because if there were no elements of consciousness, there would be no elements of material being 
Because if there were no elements of material being, there would be no elements of consciousness 
Because any one phenomenon does not come about through the one without the other, 
Because ''Prāṇa'' (life-force) is also the ''Prajñātman'' (knowledge-self), is bliss, is not ageing, is immortal 
This is my Ātman (Self) which one should know, O! this is my Ātman which one should know.
|Kausitaki Upanishad, Chapter 3<ref name=pauldeussen5/>}}

[[Edward Byles Cowell|Edward Cowell]] translates these last verses as, "Prāṇa is prajñā, it is joy, it is eternally young, it is immortal. This is the guardian of the world, this is the king of the world, this is the lord of the world, this is my Self. Thus let a man know, thus let a man know."<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=KP4IAAAAQAAJ Kaushitaki Upanishad] Edward Cowell (Translator), Asiatic Society of Bengal (1861), pages 166–167</ref> Robert Hume summarizes the last verse of Kaushitaki's Chapter 3 as stating that "a human being's ethical responsibility, his very self being is identical with the world-all".<ref>[https://archive.org/stream/thirteenprincipa028442mbp#page/n349/mode/2up Kausitaki Upanishad] Robert Hume (Translator), Oxford University Press, page 328</ref>

===Fourth chapter===
The fourth chapter of Kausitaki Upanishad builds on the third chapter, but it peculiarly varies in various manuscripts of Rigveda discovered in Indian subcontinent. This suggests that this chapter may be an addition of a later era. Despite the variations, the central idea is similar in all recensions so far. The chapter offers sixteen themes in explaining what Brahman (Atman) is, which overlaps with the twelve found in Chapter 2 of [[Brihadaranyaka Upanishad]].<ref>Paul Deussen, Sixty Upanishads of the Veda, Volume 1, Motilal Banarsidass, {{ISBN|978-8120814684}}, pages 51–54</ref> This last chapter of Kausitaki Upanishad states that Brahman and Self are one, there is ultimate unity in the Self, which is the creative, pervasive, supreme and universal in each living being.<ref>[https://archive.org/stream/thirteenprincipa028442mbp#page/n355/mode/2up Kausitaki Upanishad Chapter 4, Verse 20] Robert Hume (Translator), Oxford University Press, page 334</ref>

==Translations==
The Kaushitaki Upanishad has been translated by many scholars, but the translations vary because the manuscripts used vary. It was translated into Persian in medieval times, as Kokhenk;<ref name=maxmuller/> however, the manuscript used for that translation has been lost. The most cited English translations are those by Eduard Cowell,<ref name=maxmuller/> Paul Deussen, Robert Hume and Max Müller.<ref name=pauldeussen/><ref>A Weber, {{Google books|wde8BldxI0kC|Indische Studien: Beiträge für die Kunde des indischen Alterthums|page=392}}, Volume 1, pages 392–393</ref>

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

==External links==
{{wikisourcelang|sa|कौषीतकि_उपनिषद्|Original Sanskrit text in Devanagari}}
*[https://archive.org/stream/thirteenprincipa028442mbp#page/n315/mode/2up Kaushitaki Upanishad] Robert Hume (Translator), Oxford University Press (1921)
*[https://archive.org/stream/upanishads01ml#page/270/mode/2up Kaushitaki Upanishad] Max Müller (Translator), Oxford University Press
*[https://books.google.com/books?id=KP4IAAAAQAAJ Kaushitaki Upanishad] Edward Cowell (Translator), Sanskrit version is in pages 1–144, Cowell's English translation begins page 145 onwards.
*[[Sri Aurobindo]], ''The Upanishads'' [http://www.sriaurobindoashram.info/Contents.aspx?ParentCategoryName=_StaticContent/SriAurobindoAshram/-09%20E-Library/-01%20Works%20of%20Sri%20Aurobindo/-12_The%20Upanishad_Volume-12 Upanishads]. [[Sri Aurobindo Ashram]], [[Pondicherry (city)|Pondicherry]]. 1972.
* {{librivox book | dtitle=Kaushitaki Upanishad | stitle=Kaushitaki Upanisha}}

{{Hindudharma}}

{{Mukhya Upanishads}}

[[Category:Upanishads]]

Venkuzhi

2024-07-08T12:51:26Z

FaustinoRicks4: New

{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Venkuzhi
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| settlement_type = village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| etymology =
| pushpin_map = India Tamil Nadu#India
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Tamil Nadu, India
| coordinates = {{coord|13.3311626|N|80.0381232|E|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates_footnotes =
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = [[India]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Tamil Nadu]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Tiruvallur district|Tiruvallur]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Taluk]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Gummidipoondi taluk|Gummidipoondi]]
| established_title =
| established_date =
| founder =
| seat_type = [[Panchayat]]
| seat =
| leader_party =
| leader_title =
| leader_name =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_m = 26
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_total = 45
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code =
| area_code_type = 
| area_code =
| blank_name_sec1 = [[2011 Census of India|2011 census]] code
| blank_info_sec1 = 628613
| footnotes =
}}
'''Venkuzhi''' is a village in the [[Tiruvallur district]] of [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]]. It is located in the [[Gummidipoondi taluk]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://dolr.nic.in/dolr/mpr/revenuevillagedirectorypdf/Tamil%20Nadu.pdf |title=Tamil Nadu village directory |publisher=Government of India |access-date=2015-10-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304095332/http://dolr.nic.in/dolr/mpr/revenuevillagedirectorypdf/Tamil%20Nadu.pdf |archive-date=4 March 2016 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref>

== Demographics ==

According to the [[2011 census of India]], Venkuzhi has 13 households. The effective literacy rate (i.e. the literacy rate of population excluding children aged 6 and below) is 51.28%.<ref name="census_2011"/>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Demographics (2011 Census)<ref name="census_2011">{{cite web |url=http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/cdb_pca_census/PCA%20CDB-3301-F-Census.xlsx |title=Thiruvallur population |work=[[2011 Census of India]] |publisher=Directorate of Census Operations, Tamil Nadu |access-date=2015-10-11 }}</ref>
! !! Total !! Male !! Female
|-
| Population || 45 || 22 || 23
|-
| Children aged below 6 years || 6 || 4 || 2
|-
| [[Scheduled caste]] || 9 || 5 || 4
|-
| [[Scheduled tribe]] || 1 || 1 || 0
|-
| Literates || 20 || 9 || 11
|-
| Workers (all) || 17 || 14 || 3
|-
| Main workers (total) || 17 || 14 || 3
|-
| Main workers: Cultivators || 3 || 3 || 0
|-
| Main workers: Agricultural labourers || 10 || 8 || 2
|-
| Main workers: Household industry workers || 3 || 2 || 1
|-
| Main workers: Other || 1 || 1 || 0
|-
| Marginal workers (total) || 0 || 0 || 0
|-
| Marginal workers: Cultivators || 0 || 0 || 0
|-
| Marginal workers: Agricultural labourers || 0 || 0 || 0
|-
| Marginal workers: Household industry workers || 0 || 0 || 0
|-
| Marginal workers: Others || 0 || 0 || 0
|-
| Non-workers || 28 || 8 || 20
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Gummidipoondi taluk}}

[[Category:Villages in Gummidipoondi taluk]]

Karumbukuppam

2024-07-08T12:43:32Z

FaustinoRicks4: made a info

{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Karumbukuppam
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| settlement_type = village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| etymology =
| pushpin_map = India Tamil Nadu#India
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Tamil Nadu, India
| coordinates = {{coord|13.3982871|N|80.1121493|E|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates_footnotes =
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = [[India]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Tamil Nadu]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Tiruvallur district|Tiruvallur]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Taluk]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Gummidipoondi taluk|Gummidipoondi]]
| established_title =
| established_date =
| founder =
| seat_type = [[Panchayat]]
| seat =
| leader_party =
| leader_title =
| leader_name =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_m = 21
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_total = 1457
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code =
| area_code_type = 
| area_code =
| blank_name_sec1 = [[2011 Census of India|2011 census]] code
| blank_info_sec1 = 628600
| footnotes =
}}
'''Karumbukuppam''' is a village in the [[Tiruvallur district]] of [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]]. It is located in the [[Gummidipoondi taluk]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://dolr.nic.in/dolr/mpr/revenuevillagedirectorypdf/Tamil%20Nadu.pdf |title=Tamil Nadu village directory |publisher=Government of India |accessdate=2015-10-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304095332/http://dolr.nic.in/dolr/mpr/revenuevillagedirectorypdf/Tamil%20Nadu.pdf |archive-date=4 March 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

== Demographics ==

According to the [[2011 census of India]], Karumbukuppam has 387 households. The effective literacy rate (i.e. the literacy rate of population excluding children aged 6 and below) is 65.25%.<ref name="census_2011"/>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Demographics (2011 Census)<ref name="census_2011">{{cite web |url=http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/cdb_pca_census/PCA%20CDB-3301-F-Census.xlsx |title=Thiruvallur population |work=[[2011 Census of India]] |publisher=Directorate of Census Operations, Tamil Nadu |accessdate=2015-10-11 }}</ref>
! !! Total !! Male !! Female
|-
| Population || 1457 || 718 || 739
|-
| Children aged below 6 years || 182 || 95 || 87
|-
| [[Scheduled caste]] || 596 || 288 || 308
|-
| [[Scheduled tribe]] || 28 || 16 || 12
|-
| Literates || 832 || 466 || 366
|-
| Workers (all) || 694 || 445 || 249
|-
| Main workers (total) || 278 || 229 || 49
|-
| Main workers: Cultivators || 8 || 7 || 1
|-
| Main workers: Agricultural labourers || 51 || 42 || 9
|-
| Main workers: Household industry workers || 35 || 32 || 3
|-
| Main workers: Other || 184 || 148 || 36
|-
| Marginal workers (total) || 416 || 216 || 200
|-
| Marginal workers: Cultivators || 9 || 4 || 5
|-
| Marginal workers: Agricultural labourers || 190 || 78 || 112
|-
| Marginal workers: Household industry workers || 4 || 0 || 4
|-
| Marginal workers: Others || 213 || 134 || 79
|-
| Non-workers || 763 || 273 || 490
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Gummidipoondi taluk}}

[[Category:Villages in Gummidipoondi taluk]]