Bharatpedia - User contributions [en]

Saket Misra

2026-05-07T16:32:15Z

EveMagill33:

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{Promotional|date=April 2024}}{{BLP sources|date=July 2024}}
}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Saket Misra
| office = [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Council|Member of Uttar Pradesh Legislative council]]
| image = SM Wikipedia.jpg
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| birth_place = Lucknow
| alma_mater = [[St. Stephen's College, Delhi]] [[Delhi University]] [[Indian Institute of Management, Calcutta]] [[Harvard Business School]] [[London Business School]]
| native_name_lang = साकेत मिश्र
| term_start = 2023
| constituency = ''Nominated By Governor''
| father = [[Nripendra Misra]]
| profession = Ex. IPS, Investment Banker, Trader, Politician
}}

'''Saket Misra''' ([[Hindi]]: साकेत मिश्र; born 24 July 1971) is an Indian politician, former career asset manager, investment banker and former [[Indian Police Service|IPS]] officer. As a way of giving back to society, he has become involved in social action and community service in recent years. Saket is a nominated member of [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Council]] since April 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |title=कौन हैं साकेत. मिश्रा? जिन्हें BJP भेज रही विधान परिषद, क्या PM नरेंद्र मोदी की राह पर CM योगी आदित्यनाथ |url=https://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/metro/lucknow/politics/who-is-saket-mishra-bjp-is-sending-to-legislative-council-is-cm-yogi-adityanath-on-path-of-pm-narendra-modi/articleshow/99203103.cms |access-date=2023-07-11 |website=Navbharat Times |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-04-04 |title=UP में MLC पद के BJP के 6 नॉमिनेशन, नृपेंद्र मिश्रा के बेटे, AMU के कुलपति का नाम भी सूची में शामिल |url=https://hindi.theprint.in/india/bjp-in-up-nominates-6-as-mlcs-nripendra-misras-son-saket-amu-v-c-party-varanasi-chief-on-list/511512/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=कौन हैं साकेत मिश्रा, पूर्वांचल में नए ब्राह्मण चेहरे तलाश रही बीजेपी ने बनाया विधानपरिषद सदस्य |url=https://zeenews.india.com/hindi/india/up-uttarakhand/uttar-pradesh/saket-mishra-tariq-mansuri-lalji-prasad-nirmal-rajnikant-maheshwari-and-hansraj-vishwakarma-nominated-mlc/1638243 |access-date=2023-07-11 |website=Zee News |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-04-04 |title=IIM graduate, ex-banker, 'social worker', MP aspirant: Saket Misra's route to UP Legislative Council |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/political-pulse/iim-graduate-ex-banker-social-worker-saket-misra-up-legislative-council-8538350/ |access-date=2023-07-09 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-04-04 |title=यूपी में नए बने MLC को CM योगी ने दी शुभकामनाएं |url=https://up.punjabkesari.in/uttar-pradesh/news/cm-yogi-congratulates-newly-appointed-mlc-in-up-1796814 |access-date=2023-07-11 |website=punjabkesari}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Misra was born in Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh. His father, [[Nripendra Misra]], hails from Deoria and is a former IAS officer. His mother, Smt. Kusum Misra, is a housewife and belongs to Shravasti (formerly Bahraich). Given his father's transferable job, Saket studied at various schools in India and the United States. He attended [[St. Stephen's College, Delhi|St. Stephen's College]] and graduated with a B.A. (Honours) in Economics. At St. Stephen's, he received the Rajpal Memorial Award. He then pursued his MBA at [[Indian Institute of Management Calcutta|IIM Calcutta]] and double-majored in Finance and Marketing.

Misra has also attended advanced courses at [[Harvard Business School]] and [[London Business School]].

== Career ==
Misra was selected for the [[Indian Police Service]] in 1994 (UP cadre). He pursued a career in Investment Banking.

'''Banking:''' After opting out of the Indian Police Service in 1994, Misra began his investment banking career with [[Deutsche Bank]]. He worked with Deutsche Bank in India, Hong Kong, and Singapore, including in senior regional management roles. Subsequently, he joined [[Royal Bank of Scotland]] and, as a managing director, handled many Asia-Pacific responsibilities.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-07-11 |title=Misra Misra, RBS's Head of International Banking for Singapore |url=http://sg.finance.yahoo.com/news/Misra-misra-rbs-head-international-063900120.html |access-date=2023-07-09 |website=Yahoo Finance |language=en-SG}}</ref> Misra then returned to India and became CEO of an NBFC.

'''Teaching:''' Misra has always been passionate about guiding India's youth. In addition to speaking at schools and colleges, he serves as an Adjunct Faculty at the [[Indian Institute of Corporate Affairs]].

'''Poorvanchal Vikas Board –''' In 2019, Misra was appointed Advisor, Poorvanchal Vikas Board, to provide ideas for the holistic development of Eastern Uttar Pradesh. He travelled across eastern Uttar Pradesh, and was enriched by the knowledge gained from on-the-ground interactions with the people. Bringing together his international experience and insights from his observations across Poorvanchal, he came up with policy proposals for the Uttar Pradesh government's consideration.<ref>{{Cite web |title=श्रावस्ती जन बौद्धिक गोष्ठी का आयोजन:पूर्वांचल विकास बोर्ड के सलाहकार साकेत मिश्रा ने लिया भाग, बोले- क्षेत्र का विकास तभी संभव, जब जन-जन में बौद्धिक विकास हो |url=https://www.bhaskar.com/local/uttar-pradesh/shrawasti/news/purvanchal-development-board-advisor-Misra-mishra-participated-in-shravasti-public-intellectual-seminar-128913466.html |website=Dainik Bhaskar}}</ref>

== Community Service ==
Misra is passionate about the country and wants to contribute to India's resurgence as an economic power and a force for good on the global stage. He wants to create opportunities for the underprivileged in India to achieve their potential and to get rights that have been denied for a long time. While overseas, he helped organize international conferences that showcased the New India and tried to build consensus about fairer access to the global commons. He has been a speaker at multiple investment seminars to attract investment to India. He worked with social enterprises like the [[Singapore Indian Development Association]] and collected resources for providing assistance to those hurt by natural calamities.

Coming back to India, Misra focused on improving lives in Poorvanchal (Eastern Uttar Pradesh). He has fought against injustice and the exploitation of the underprivileged. He has also worked to channel CSR initiatives to the needy in Poorvanchal, ensuring no leakages and efficient use of resources. As an Advisor to the Poorvanchal Vikas Board, Misra was able to identify major gaps in health, education, and transport in various districts that were then acted upon.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-09-11 |title=श्रावस्ती जन बौद्धिक गोष्ठी का आयोजन: पूर्वांचल विकास बोर्ड के सलाहकार साकेत मिश्रा ने लिया भाग, बोले- क्षेत्र का विकास तभी संभव, जब जन-जन में बौद्धिक विकास हो |url=https://www.bhaskar.com/local/uttar-pradesh/shrawasti/news/purvanchal-development-board-advisor-saket-mishra-participated-in-shravasti-public-intellectual-seminar-128913466.html |access-date=2023-07-09 |website=Dainik Bhaskar |language=hi}}</ref>

== Political career ==
His entry into politics was an offshoot of his community service.{{citation needed|date=July 2024}} Inspired by the transformational efforts of Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]], he too wanted to make a humble contribution.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-06-14 |title='I didn't think about politics, wanted to do social service' |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/i-didnt-think-about-politics-wanted-to-do-social-service/articleshow/100978985.cms? |access-date=2023-07-09 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> He was nominated as Member of Uttar Pradesh Legislative Council.<ref>{{Cite web |title=AMU V-C, Nripendra Misra's son among 6 names proposed for Legislative Council |date=3 April 2023 |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/lucknow/amu-v-c-nripendra-misras-son-among-6-names-proposed-for-legislative-council-8534395/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=BJP in UP nominates 6 as MLCs. |website=[[ThePrint]] |date=4 April 2023 |url=https://theprint.in/india/bjp-in-up-nominates-6-as-mlcs-nripendra-misras-son-saket-amu-v-c-party-varanasi-chief-on-list/1495493/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-04-04 |title=IPS से MLC बनने का सफर साकेत मिश्रा ने कुछ यूं तय किया, जानें BJP ने क्यों दी ये जिम्मेदारी |url=https://www.uptak.in/top-stories/bjp-saket-mishra-ex-ips-up-legislative-council-member-profile-story |access-date=2023-07-11 |website=UP Tak |language=hi}}</ref> Saket lost as a candidate from the [[Shravasti Lok Sabha constituency]] for the [[2024 Indian general election|Lok Sabha Elections 2024]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=IIM to investment banking, son of Modi's ex-principal secy — who is BJP's Shravasti pick Saket Misra |website=[[ThePrint]] |date=4 March 2024 |url=https://theprint.in/politics/iim-to-investment-banking-son-of-modis-ex-principal-secy-who-is-bjps-shravasti-pick-saket-misra/1987886/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Son of PM's former aide is BJP pick for Shravasti seat |date=3 March 2024 |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/son-of-pms-former-aide-is-bjp-pick-for-shravasti-seat-9192719/}}</ref>

== Other Engagements ==
Founded the Aabhar Trust, which provides assistance to the children of martyred police service personnel. The trust is entirely funded by Saket and his family from their salaries and savings.

Frequent contributor to national newspapers<ref>{{Cite news |last=Misra |first=Saket |title=PM Modi's impact on India |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-pm-modi-narendra-modi-prime-minister-of-india-bharat-happy-birthday-impact-politics-3060838}}</ref> (Economic Times, Business Standard, Times of India, Dainik Jagran etc.,) and on debates hosted by national news channels like CNN, CNBC, etc. on economics, development, and the cross-over between international strategy, politics, and economics.

== Family ==
Saket's family consists of his wife and two children.{{citation needed|date=August 2024}}

Saket's maternal grandfather, the late Badlu Ram Shukla, was one of the most senior lawyers in the Purvanchal area. He himself funded the education of thousands of youths. He was one of the founders of the Praja Socialist Party and represented Bahraich as a Member of Parliament and a Member of Legislative Assembly.{{citation needed|date=August 2024}}

== Award and honours ==
Saket received Bharat Gaurav Puraskar in 2021 for social service and contribution to society.

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Saket_Misra}}
[[Category:Indian Institute of Management Calcutta alumni]]
[[Category:Stephens College alumni]]
[[Category:Indian investment bankers]]
[[Category:Political office-holders in Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Harvard Business School alumni]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:People from Shravasti district]]
[[Category:1971 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Businesspeople from Lucknow]]
[[Category:Politicians from Lucknow]]
[[Category:Members of the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Council]]

R. Senthilkumar

2026-05-07T09:36:10Z

EveMagill33: Adding New Bio

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2024}}

'''R. Senthilkumar''' (born 1981)<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=R Senthilkumar(DMK):Constituency- BAHOUR(PUDUCHERRY) - Affidavit Information of Candidate |url=https://www.myneta.info/Puducherry2021/candidate.php?candidate_id=44 |access-date=2024-12-30 |website=www.myneta.info}}</ref> is an Indian politician from [[Puducherry (union territory)|Puducherry]]. He is a member of the [[Puducherry Legislative Assembly]] from Bahour Assembly constituency in [[Puducherry district]]. He won the [[2021 Puducherry Legislative Assembly election]] representing the [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-06-04 |title=Puducherry Election Results 2021: Full list of winners |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/puducherry-assembly-election-results-2021-full-list-of-winners/2243716/ |access-date=2024-12-30 |website=Financialexpress |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=M.L.A.s {{!}} Official Website of Government of Puducherry, India |url=https://py.gov.in/mlas |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240609022548/https://www.py.gov.in/mlas |archive-date=9 June 2024 |access-date=2024-12-30 |website=py.gov.in |language=en |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Kumar is from [[Bahour]], Puducherry district. He is the son of Ramanadhan. He completed his MS, BE, LLB at [[Drexel University]], [[Philadelphia]], [[United States|USA]]. His wife looks after business.<ref name=":0" />

== Career ==
Kumar won from [[Bahour Assembly constituency]] representing Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam in the 2021 Puducherry Legislative Assembly election. He polled 11,789 votes and defeated his nearest rival, N. Dhanavelou of the [[All India N.R. Congress]], by a margin of 201 votes.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Puducherry Election Results 2021: Check Full List of Winners |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/puducherry-election-results-2021-check-full-list-of-winners-2426742 |access-date=2024-12-30 |website=www.ndtv.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>https://ceopuducherry.py.gov.in/admin/electionresultreport/20240311090013778163091.pdf Page 303</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Live |first=A. B. P. |title=Bahour Election Results 2021 LIVE, Vote Counting, Leading, Trailing , Winners Puducherry Bahour Constituency Election News LIVE |url=https://news.abplive.com/elections/puducherry-election-results-2021/puducherry-bahour-constituency-23.html |access-date=2024-12-30 |website=news.abplive.com |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Senthilkumar, R.}}
[[Category:1981 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam politicians]]
[[Category:Puducherry MLAs 2021–2026]]
[[Category:People from Puducherry district]]
[[Category:Drexel University alumni]]
[[Category:Pondicherry MLAs 2026–2031]]

2025–26 Indian State Leagues

2026-05-06T10:42:38Z

EveMagill33:

{{Short description|2025–26 season in the state football leagues of India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2025}}
{{Infobox football league season
| competition = [[Indian State Leagues|State leagues in India]]
| season = [[2025–26 in Indian football|2025–26]]
| promoted = [[I-League 3]]
| image =
| pixels =
| caption =
| dates = 25 June 2025 – 30 June 2026
| prevseason = [[2024–25 Indian State Leagues|2024–25]]
| nextseason = [[2026–27 Indian State Leagues|2026–27]]
}}

The '''2025–26 Indian State leagues''' season represents the [[Indian football league system|fifth tier]] of the Indian football league system, a series of state-level [[association football|football]] leagues played as qualifiers to determine teams for the [[2026–27 I-League 3]].

==Overview==
<onlyinclude>

{|class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: center;white-space:nowrap; font-size:90%"
!Zone
!State
!League
!Teams
!{{nobr|League dates}}
!Duration (months)
!Champions
!{{nobr|Runners-up}}
!{{nobr|[[I-League 3]] eligibility}}
|-
! rowspan="4" |'''[[North India|North]]-[[Central India|Central]]'''
|[[Delhi]]
|[[2025–26 Delhi Premier League]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Delhi Premier League & Football Delhi Senior Division|url=https://theawayend.co/delhi-dsa-senior-division-league/|website=The Away End|language=en}}</ref>
|align="center"|14
|26 December 2025–
|
|
|
|
|-
|[[Punjab, India|Punjab]]
|[[2025–26 Punjab State Super League]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Punjab State Super Football League|url=https://theawayend.co/punjab-state-super-football-league/|website=The Away End|language=en}}</ref>
|align="center"|10
|1 August–28 December 2025
|5
|[[Punjab FC Reserves and Academy|Punjab FC]]
|[[Sher-e-Punjab SC Shampura|Sher-e-Punjab]]
|[[Sher-e-Punjab SC Shampura|Sher-e-Punjab]]
|-
|[[Rajasthan]]
|[[2025–26 R-League A Division]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rajasthan League A Division
|url=https://theawayend.co/rajasthan-state-mens-league/|website=theawayend.co|language=en}}</ref>
|align="center"|7
|20 March – 30 April 2026
|1
|[[Zinc Football|Zinc FA]]<ref>https://thenewsmill.com/2026/04/zinc-football-academy-wins-rajasthan-league-a-division-title-for-second-year-running/</ref>
|Jaipur City
|[[Zinc Football|Zinc FA]]
|-
|[[Madhya Pradesh]]
|[[Madhya Pradesh Premier League|2025–26 Madhya Pradesh Premier League]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Madhya Pradesh Premier League|url=https://theawayend.co/madhya-pradesh-premier-league/|website=The Away End|language=en}}</ref>
|align="center"|8
|27 September 2025–18 January 2026
|4
|[[Lakecity FC]]
|[[Build Up Sport FC|Build Up Sport]]
|[[Lakecity FC]]
|-
!rowspan="10"|'''[[Northeast India|Northeast]]'''
|-
|[[Assam]]
|[[Assam State Premier League|2025 Assam State Premier League]]<ref>{{cite web | title=Assam State Premier League | url=https://theawayend.co/assam-state-premier-league/ }}</ref>
|align="center"|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|[[Arunachal Pradesh]]
|[[2025 Arunachal League]]
|align="center"|10
|4 October – 8 November 2025
|1
|[[Capital Complex FC|Capital Complex]]
|[[Subansiri United FC|Subansiri United]]
|[[Capital Complex FC|Capital Complex]]
|-
|rowspan="2"|[[Manipur]]
|[[Manipur State League|2025–26 Manipur State League]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Manipur State League & Manipur Premier League|url=https://theawayend.co/manipur-state-league/|website=The Away End|language=en}}</ref>
|align="center"|24
|7 December 2025–5 April 2026
|4
|[[Eastern Sporting Union]]<ref>https://e-pao.net/GP.asp?src=Sport3..280326.mar26</ref>
|NFMA Salam
|
|-
|[[Manipur Premier League|2025–26 Manipur Premier League]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Manipur State League & Manipur Premier League|url=https://theawayend.co/manipur-state-league/|website=The Away End|language=en}}</ref>
|align="center"|15
|5 October 2025–9 January 2026
|3
|[[Southern Sporting Union]]
|Anouba Imagi Mangal
|{{n/a}}
|-
|[[Mizoram]]
|[[2025–26 Mizoram Premier League|2025 Mizoram Premier League]]
|align="center"|8
|25 August–1 November 2025
|2.5
|[[Chanmari FC|Chanmari]]
|[[Aizawl FC|Aizawl]]
|MLS FC
|-
|rowspan="2"|[[Sikkim]]
|[[Sikkim Football League|SFA A Division S-League]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sikkim Premier League & SFA A Division S-League|url=https://theawayend.co/sikkim-premier-division-league/|website=The Away End|language=en}}</ref>
|align="center"|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|[[Sikkim Premier League|2026 Sikkim Premier League]]
|align="center"|8
|5 April–10 May 2026
|
|
|
|{{n/a}}
|-
|[[Nagaland]]
|[[2026 Nagaland Super League|2026 Nagaland League]]
|align="center"|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|[[Meghalaya]]
|[[2026 Meghalaya State League]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Meghalaya State League 2024|url=https://theawayend.co/meghalaya-state-league/|website=The Away End|language=en}}</ref>
|align="center"|33
|15 April 2026–
|
|
|
|
|-
!rowspan="4"|'''[[East India|East]]'''
|-
|[[Odisha]]
|[[FAO League|2025 FAO League]]<ref>{{Cite web |title= FAO League |url=https://theawayend.co/fao-league/|website=The Away End|language=en}}</ref>
|align="center"|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|[[West Bengal]] ([[Kolkata]])
|[[2025 CFL Premier Division]]
|align="center"|26
|25 June–22 September 2025
|3
|[[East Bengal FC|East Bengal]]<ref>https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/indian-football/east-bengal-vs-diamond-harbour-score-report-highlights-calcutta-football-league-super-six-championship-round/article70049841.ece</ref>
|[[United SC]]
|
*[[United Kolkata SC|United Kolkata]]
*[[New Alipore Suruchi Sangha|NA Suruchi Sangha]]
|-
|[[Chhattisgarh]]
|[[Chhattisgarh State Men's Football League Championship|2025 Chhattisgarh Football League]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Chhattisgarh State Men's Football League Championship 2025|url=https://theawayend.co/chhattisgarh-state-mens-football-league-championship/|website=theawayend.co|language=en}}</ref>
|align="center"|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
!rowspan="4" |'''[[Western India|West]]'''
|[[Goa]]
|[[2025–26 Goa Professional League]]
|align="center"|15
|18 September 2025–30 April 2026
|7
|[[SC de Goa|SC De Goa]]<ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-04-28|title=Doyal fires Sporting Clube to secure GPL title hattrick|url=https://navhindtimes.in/sports/doyal-fires-sporting-clube-to-secure-gpl-title-hattrick/|access-date=2025-04-29|website=[[The Navhind Times]]|language=en-IN}}</ref>
|[[Dempo SC]]
|
|-
|[[Gujarat]]
|[[Gujarat SFA Club Championship|2025–26 Gujarat Championship]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=GSFA Club Championship 2025|url=https://theawayend.co/gsfa-senior-club-championship/|website=theawayend.co|language=en}}</ref>
|align="center"|10
|8 Nov 2025–15 Feb 2026
|3.5
|Charutkar Vidhya Mandal
|[[Reserve Bank of India]]
|
*Charutkar Vidhya Mandal
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[Maharashtra]]
|[[2025–26 Mumbai Premier League]]
|align="center"|20
|4 November 2025–
|
|
|
|{{n/a}}
|-
|[[2026 Maharashtra State Senior Men's Football League|2026 Maharashtra Football League]]
|align="center"|10
|7 March – 20 April 2026
|1
|Game of Goals
|[[India On Track FC|India On Track]]
|
*Game of Goals
|-
!rowspan="3" |'''[[South India|South]]'''
|[[Karnataka]] ([[Bangalore|Bengaluru]])
|[[2025–26 BDFA Super Division|2025 Bangalore Super Division]]
| align="center"|10
|28 July–24 August 2025
|1
|[[Kickstart FC|Kickstart]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/sports/football/kickstart-fc-crowned-ksfa-super-division-champions-3805089|date=20 November 2025|title=Kickstart FC crowned KSFA Super Division champions}}</ref>
|Misaka
|
*[[Kickstart FC|Kickstart]]
|-
|[[Andhra Pradesh]]
|[[Andhra Pradesh Football Association|2026 AP Super Cup]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=AP Super Cup|url=https://theawayend.co/ap-super-cup/|website=The Away End|language=en}}</ref>
| align="center"|8
|28 January–4 February 2026
|8 days
|Godavari FC<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/citadel-godavari-legends-lift-ap-super-cup-football-tourney/article70592630.ece|date=5 February 2026|title=Citadel Godavari Legends lift A.P. Super Cup Football tourney}}</ref>
|Coramandal FC
|
*Godavari FC
|-
|[[Kerala]]
|[[2025–26 Kerala Premier League|2026 Kerala Premier League]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kerala Premier League - The Away End|url=https://theawayend.co/kerala-premier-league/|website=The Away End|language=en}}</ref>
|align="center"|14
|8 March 2026–
|
|
|
|
|}</onlyinclude>

==Northeastern leagues==
===Arunachal Pradesh===
{{Main|2025 Arunachal League}}
{{:2025 Arunachal League|transcludesection=Table|show_matches=n|stack_footer=y|title=[[2025 Arunachal League#2025 League Round Table|League stages]]}}

===Assam===
{{Main|2025–26 Assam State Premier League}}

===Mizoram===
{{Main|2025–26 Mizoram Premier League}}
{{:2025–26 Mizoram Premier League|transcludesection=Table|show_matches=n|stack_footer=y|title=[[2025–26 Mizoram Premier League#2025–26 League Round Table|League stages]]}}

===Nagaland===
{{Main|2026 Nagaland Super League}}

==Northern and Central leagues==
===Delhi===
{{Main|2025–26 Delhi Premier League}}

===Punjab===
{{Main|2025–26 Punjab State Super League}}
{{:2025–26 Punjab State Super League|transcludesection=Standings|show_matches=n|stack_footer=y|title=[[2025–26 Punjab State Super League#Standings|League stages]]}}

===Rajasthan===
{{Main|2025–26 R-League A Division}}
{|class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
|-
!Pos.
!Team
!P!!W!!D!!L!!Pts.!!GF!!GA!!GD!!Status
|-bgcolor=gold
|1||align=left|{{nobr|[[Zinc FA]]}}
|12||10||1||1||'''31'''||39||6||+33
|'''Champions''' & {{nobr|Promoted to [[2026–27 I-League 3|IL3]]}}
|-
|2||align=left|Jaipur City
|12||8||1||3||'''25'''||35||16||+19
|rowspan=5|
|-
|3||align=left|{{nobr|Brothers United}}
|12||7||2||3||'''23'''||28||19||+9
|-
|4||align=left|Sunrise Sirohi
|12||5||3||4||'''18'''||32||25||+7
|-
|5||align=left|ASL
|12||5||2||5||'''17'''||20||18||+2
|-
|6||align=left|Jerthi FC
|12||2||0||10||'''6'''||21||56||–35
|-bgcolor=#fcc
|7||align=left|Rihan FA
|12||0||1||11||'''1'''||6||41||{{nobr|–35}}
|Relegated to {{nobr|R-League B Division}}
|}
{{Small|Source: [https://theawayend.co/rajasthan-state-mens-league/ The Away End]}}

==Eastern leagues==
===Odisha===
{{Main|2025 FAO League}}

===West Bengal===
{{Main|2025 CFL Premier Division}}
{{:2025 CFL Premier Division|transcludesection=Super Six|show_matches=n|stack_footer=y|title=[[2025 CFL Premier Division#Super Six|Super Six]]}}{{Notelist}}

==Western leagues==
===Goa===
{{Main|2025–26 Goa Professional League}}
'''Super League (Phase 2)'''
{{:2025–26 Goa Professional League|transcludesection=Super League}}{{notelist}}

===Gujarat===
{{Main|2026 Gujarat SFA Club Championship}}
====Qualification Round====
{|class=wikitable
|-
!Group A!!Group B
|-
|
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
!Pos.
!Team
!P
!W!!D!!L!!GF!!GA!!GD
!Pts.
!Qualification
|-bgcolor=#cfc
|1
|align=left|Dwivedi Brothers
|4||4||0||0||23||2||+21||'''12'''
|{{nowrap|League stage}}
|-bgcolor=#def
|2
|align=left|Savvy Swaraaj FC
|4||2||0||2||16||8||+8||'''6'''
|Play-off
|-
|3
|align=left|BSPFA Surat
|4||2||0||2||15||8||{{nobr|+7}}||'''6'''
|rowspan=3|
|-
|4
|align=left|{{nobr|Vadodara Wanderers}}
|4||2||0||2||10||6||{{nobr|+4}}||'''6'''
|-
|5
|align=left|Chandkhera FC
|4||0||0||4||2||42||{{nobr|–40}}||'''0'''
|}
Source: [https://www.facebook.com/100067603105209/posts/pfbid0Nk2ipCoYHRsSsAFnwMN4cGCZin42MB5GfP1qYckoyb6JWkLH9w5AQEyFaCum7KV8l/?app=fbl GSFA — Facebook]
|
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
!Pos.
!Team
!P
!W!!D!!L!!GF!!GA!!GD
!Pts.
!Qualification
|-bgcolor=#cfc
|1
|align=left|Gujarat Police
|4||4||0||0||9||0||+9||'''12'''
|{{nowrap|League stage}}
|-bgcolor=#def
|2
|align=left|Master FC
|4||3||0||1||12||5||+7||'''9'''
|Play-off
|-
|3
|align=left|Kickjack FC
|4||2||0||2||5||8||{{nobr|–3}}||'''6'''
|rowspan=3|
|-
|4
|align=left|SAG FA
|4||1||0||3||1||4||{{nobr|–3}}||'''3'''
|-
|5
|align=left|{{nowrap|Xaviers United}}
|4||0||0||4||4||14||{{nobr|–10}}||'''0'''
|}
Source: [https://www.facebook.com/100067603105209/posts/pfbid0Nk2ipCoYHRsSsAFnwMN4cGCZin42MB5GfP1qYckoyb6JWkLH9w5AQEyFaCum7KV8l/?app=fbl GSFA — Facebook]
|-
!colspan=2|Promotion play-off match<ref name=PO>{{cite web|url=https://www.facebook.com/100067603105209/posts/pfbid0Nk2ipCoYHRsSsAFnwMN4cGCZin42MB5GfP1qYckoyb6JWkLH9w5AQEyFaCum7KV8l/?app=fbl|title=GSFA Club Championship Qualifying Round|work=Facebook (GSFA)|access-date=2025-09-21}}</ref> Savvy Swaraaj FC 0–3 '''Master FC'''
|}

====League stage====
{|class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
|-
!Pos.
!Team
!P!!W!!D!!L!!Pts.!!GF!!GA!!GD!!Status
|-bgcolor=gold
|1||align=left|{{nobr|Charutar Vidya Mandal}}
|18||13||3||2||'''42'''||53||16||+37
|'''Champions''' & {{nobr|Promoted to [[2026–27 I-League 3|IL3]]}}
|-bgcolor=#cfc
|2||align=left|[[Reserve Bank of India|RBI]]
|18||10||6||2||'''36'''||38||18||+20
|{{nobr|Promoted to [[2026–27 I-League 3|IL3]]}}
|-
|3||align=left|Income Tax SRC
|18||8||6||4||'''30'''||21||24||–3
|rowspan=7|
|-
|4||align=left|[[ARA FC]]
|18||9||2||7||'''29'''||36||23||+13
|-
|5||align=left|Karnavati FC
|18||7||4||7||'''25'''||26||29||–3
|-
|6||align=left|Dwivedi Brothers
|18||7||2||9||'''23'''||33||36||–3
|-
|7||align=left|Suryavanshi FC
|18||6||4||8||'''22'''||26||31||–5
|-
|8||align=left|Godhra FC
|18||5||4||9||'''19'''||22||32||–10
|-
|9||align=left|[[Gujarat Police]]
|18||4||3||11||'''15'''||21||32||–11
|-bgcolor=#fcc
|10||align=left|Master FC
|18||2||4||12||'''10'''||12||47||{{nobr|–35}}
|Relegated to {{nowrap|GSFA Championship Qualifiers}}
|}
{{Small|Source: [https://theawayend.co/gsfa-senior-club-championship/ The Away End]}}

===Maharashtra===
{{Main|2026 Maharashtra State Senior Men's Football League}}
{{:2026 Maharashtra State Senior Men's Football League|transcludesection=Group A|show_matches=n|stack_footer=n|title=[[2026 Maharashtra State Senior Men's Football League#League table|League table]]}}

===Mumbai===
{{Main|2025–26 Mumbai Premier League}}
{{:2025–26 Mumbai Premier League|transcludesection=Group A|show_matches=n|stack_footer=n|title=Playoffs (Phase 2)}}

==Southern leagues==
===Andhra Pradesh===
{{#invoke:Sports table|main|style=WDL
|update= complete
|section=Andhra Pradesh Men's A Division League
|source= [https://theawayend.co/goa-pro-league/ The Away End – Andhra Pradesh A Division League]
|show_groups=no


|team_order = GOD, CML, KLU, PEN, NLM, VSK, VMS, TGB


|win_GOD=5 |draw_GOD=1 |loss_GOD=1 |gf_GOD=15 |ga_GOD=5 | status_GOD = C 
|win_CML=4 |draw_CML=3 |loss_CML=0 |gf_CML=16 |ga_CML=6 
|win_KLU=4 |draw_KLU=2 |loss_KLU=1 |gf_KLU=20 |ga_KLU=10 
|win_PEN=3 |draw_PEN=1 |loss_PEN=3 |gf_PEN=14 |ga_PEN=11 
|win_NLM=3 |draw_NLM=1 |loss_NLM=3 |gf_NLM=7 |ga_NLM=10 
|win_VSK=3 |draw_VSK=0 |loss_VSK=4 |gf_VSK=13 |ga_VSK=13 
|win_VMS=2 |draw_VMS=0 |loss_VMS=5 |gf_VMS=6 |ga_VMS=18 
|win_TGB=0 |draw_TGB=0 |loss_TGB=7 |gf_TGB=5 |ga_TGB=23 


|name_GOD= Godavari FC
|name_CML= Coramandal FC
|name_KLU= Kolleru FC
|name_PEN= Penna FC
|name_NLM= Nallamala FC
|name_VSK= Visakha FC
|name_VMS= Vamsadhara FC
|name_TGB= Tungabhadra FC


|show_limit=5
|class_rules = 1) points; 2) goal difference; 3) number of goals scored


|result1=C
|res_col_header=Qualification
|col_C=green1
|text_C=Champions and eligible {{nobr|for [[I-League 3]]}}
}}</onlyinclude>
{{notelist}}

===Bengaluru===
{{Main|2025–26 BDFA Super Division}}
{{:2025–26 BDFA Super Division|transcludesection=League table}}

===Kerala===
{{Main|2025–26 Kerala Premier League}} {{:2025–26 Kerala Premier League|transcludesection=Championship Stage|show_matches=n|stack_footer=y|title=[[2025–26 Kerala Premier League group stage#Championship Stage|Championship Stage]]}}

==See also==
* [[2025–26 Indian Super League]]
* [[2025–26 Indian Women's League]]
* [[2025–26 Indian Football League]]
* [[2025–26 I-League 3]] (Tier IV)
* [[2026 Reliance Foundation Development League]]

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{2025–26 in Indian football}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:2025-26 Indian State Leagues}}
[[Category:2025–26 in Indian football leagues]]
[[Category:2025–26 in Indian football]]

New Ashok Nagar RRTS station

2026-05-05T18:28:59Z

EveMagill33: Adding A Article

{{Short description|RapidX's Delhi–Meerut RRTS station}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2025}}
{{Infobox station
| name = [[File:A01 New Ashok Nagar RRTS station.svg|40px]] New Ashok Nagar
| type = {{RapidX Infobox station line|line=Delhi–Meerut}}
| style = RapidX
| image = File:New Ashok Nagar RRTS station gate no. 2.jpg
| image_size =
| image_caption = New Ashok Nagar RRTS station entry gate
| address = New Ashok Nagar, [[New Delhi]], [[Delhi]],
| country = [[India]]
| coordinates = {{coord|28.5907336|N|77.3021040|E|display=inline}}
| elevation =
| line = {{rcb|RapidX|Delhi–Meerut|croute}}
| other = {{ric|Delhi Metro}} {{rcb|Delhi Metro|Blue|croute}} [[New Ashok Nagar metro station|New Ashok Nagar]]
| structure = [[Elevated]], [[Double-track railway|Double track]]
| platform = [[Side platform]] Platform-1 → {{stl|RapidX|Modipuram}} Platform-2 → {{stl|RapidX|Sarai Kale Khan}}
| tracks = 2
| parking = Yes
| opened = {{start date and age|5 January 2025|df=yes}}<ref name="HT">{{cite news|title=Delhi to Meerut South in 40 minutes: All about the Namo Bharat RRTS corridor inaugurated by PM Modi|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/delhi-to-meerut-south-in-40-minutes-all-about-the-namo-bharat-rrts-corridor-inaugurated-by-pm-modi-101736062345382-amp.html|work=Hindustan Times|date=5 January 2025|access-date=5 January 2025|language=en}}</ref>
| closed =
| rebuilt =
| code =
| owned = [[National Capital Region Transport Corporation]] (NCRTC)
| operator = [[RapidX]]
| status = Operational
| electrified = {{25 kV 50 Hz}} through [[overhead catenary]]
| former =
| passengers =
| pass_year =
| pass_percent =
| services = {{Adjacent stations|system=RapidX|line1=Delhi–Meerut|left1=Sarai Kale Khan|right1=Anand Vihar}}
| pass_system =
| mapframe-zoom = 14
| map_state = collapsed
| map_type =
| map_dot_label =
| route_map = {{Delhi–Meerut Regional Rapid Transit System}}
| mapframe = yes
| mapframe-caption = Interactive map
| mapframe-marker = rail
| mapframe-marker-color = #FFFA4A
}}

The '''New Ashok Nagar RRTS station'''<ref>{{cite web |title=DELHI-Ghaziabad-Meerut MAP |url=https://ncrtc.in/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/RevisedDELHI-Ghaziabad-Meerut-MAP.jpg |access-date=1 May 2023 |website=ncrtc.in}}</ref> is an elevated terminal [[Higher-speed rail|semi-high-speed rail]] station located in New Ashok Nagar, [[New Delhi]], [[India]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-01-05 |title=Delhi-Ghaziabad-Meerut RRTS: PM Modi inaugurates Sahibabad-Ashok Nagar Namo Bharat Corridor – Check list of new stations |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/business/infrastructure-delhi-ghaziabad-meerut-rrts-namo-bharat-all-set-to-enter-delhi-pm-modi-to-ride-newly-opened-stretch-today-3707461/ |access-date=2025-01-05 |website=Financialexpress |language=en}}</ref> It is the second station of the [[Delhi–Meerut Regional Rapid Transit System]] operated by [[RapidX]], after the terminus station, [[Sarai Kale Khan RRTS station|Sarai Kale Khan]].<ref>{{Cite news|date=2025-01-05 |title=PM inaugurates Delhi section of RRTS; Meerut to be accessible in 40 minutes |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/namo-bharat-corridor-delhi-section-inauguration-by-prime-minister-narendra-modi/article69063850.ece |access-date=2025-01-05 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> Trains at this station operate at speeds of up to 180 km/h, offering rapid transit along the corridor.<ref name="NCRTC">{{cite web|title=Interactive Map|url=https://ncrtc.in/interactive-map/|website=National Capital Region Transport Corporation|access-date=4 January 2025}}</ref>

Construction on the station begun in January 2021, and became operational on 5 January 2025.<ref name="A01">{{cite press release|title=Construction work started at New Ashok Nagar, Delhi|url=https://ncrtc.in/construction-work-started-at-new-ashok-nagar-delhi/|work=National Capital Region Transport Corporation|date=7 January 2021|access-date=4 January 2025|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Mukherjee|first=Oindrila|title=Namo Bharat Trains Now In Delhi: All You Need To Know About RRTS Corridor To Meerut–Explained|url=https://www.news18.com/explainers/namo-bharat-corridor-delhi-meerut-rrts-now-in-delhi-all-you-need-to-know-explained-9177637.html|work=News18|date=5 January 2025|access-date=5 January 2025|language=en}}</ref> It is a key station for serving New Ashok Nagar and adjoining areas with seamless connectivity, further stimulated by the existing [[Delhi Metro]]'s [[New Ashok Nagar metro station]], located just a hundred metres from the RRTS station. To ensure connectivity with it, the station has been built with an extended level as the concourse area below the viaduct running above for a walkway to the metro station, and for more enhanced passenger experience, with the help of multiple shops and other facilities.<ref name="NCRTC"/>

== History ==

The [[National Capital Region Transport Corporation]] (NCRTC) invited bids for construction of the station as part of the [[Delhi–Meerut Regional Rapid Transit System]]'s Package 6 in February 2020.<ref>{{cite news|title=NCRTC Invites Bids for Delhi-Meerut RRTS' Sarai Kale Khan – New Ashok Nagar Section|url=https://themetrorailguy.com/2020/02/26/ncrtc-invites-bids-for-delhi-meerut-rrts-sarai-kale-khan-new-ashok-nagar-section/|work=The Metro Rail Guy|date=26 February 2020|access-date=4 January 2025|language=en}}</ref> Then, [[Afcons Infrastructure]] won the bid in September 2020.<ref>{{cite news|title=Afcons Infra Wins Delhi – Meerut RRTS' Package 6|url=https://themetrorailguy.com/2020/09/01/afcons-infra-wins-delhi-meerut-rrts-package-6/|work=The Metro Rail Guy|date=1 September 2020|access-date=4 January 2025|language=en}}</ref> Construction began, including on the station, from January 2021, with a deadline of completion by 30 months or 2.5 years.<ref name="A01"/> However, due to land acquisition and restrictions that lasted until early 2022, the same got extended by around another 2.5 years, with the deadline set to December 2024.<ref>{{cite news|last=Sen|first=Nitin|title=Delhi-Ghaziabad-Meerut RRTS update: PM Modi to inaugurate Delhi section on Dec 29|url=https://www.news9live.com/city/delhi/new-delhi-to-ghaziabad-rrts-inauguration-modi-to-open-13km-line-2783293/amp|work=News9 Live|date=27 December 2024|access-date=4 January 2025|language=en}}</ref> The structural work on the station along with the approaching viaduct with tracks on both sides were completed by October 2024, after which trial runs commenced from [[Sahibabad RRTS station|Sahibabad]] to New Ashok Nagar in the same month.<ref>{{cite news|last=Mufti|first=Ifrah|title=Namo Bharat enters Delhi as trial runs begin|url=https://www.financialexpress.com/business/infrastructure-https://www.newindianexpress.com/amp/story/thesundaystandard/2024/Oct/06/namo-bharat-enters-delhi-as-trial-runs-begin|work=The New Indian Express|date=6 October 2024|access-date=4 January 2025|language=en}}</ref> After multiple trial runs and finishing works, it was announced that the stretch till New Ashok Nagar would inaugurated by 29 December 2024.<ref>{{cite news|last=Dutta|first=Alisha|title=Delhi section of RRTS all set for inauguration; Meerut will be accessible in an hour|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Delhi/delhi-section-of-rrts-all-set-for-inauguration-meerut-will-be-accessible-in-an-hour/article69038022.ece|work=The Hindu|date=30 December 2024|access-date=4 January 2025|language=en}}</ref> Unfortunately, owing to the passing of former [[Prime Minister of India|Prime Minister]] [[Manmohan Singh]], a 7-day national mourning was announced by the [[Government of India]] to honour him, and hence, all inaugurations and governmental works were suspended for 7 days.<ref>{{cite news|title=India announces seven days of mourning for ex-PM Manmohan Singh|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/12/27/india-announces-seven-days-of-mourning-for-former-pm-manmohan-singh|work=[[Al Jazeera]]|date=27 December 2024|access-date=5 January 2025|language=en}}</ref> Therefore, the inauguration date of the stretch was rescheduled to 5 January 2025, eventually conducted by Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]] on the same day, after which operations began from New Ashok Nagar to [[Meerut South RRTS station|Meerut South]] in [[Meerut]].<ref name="HT"/>

== Facilities ==

The station has all advanced facilities and amenities equipped with groundbreaking technology as prevalent in the existing and the upcoming stations of the [[Delhi–Meerut Regional Rapid Transit System]]. It is unique as compared to other stations, as it has an extended concourse beneath its platform level and the viaduct running above towards the western side of the station, in order to provide direct connectivity with the nearby [[Delhi Metro]]'s [[New Ashok Nagar metro station]]. It has all facilities to facilitate passengers like three entry/exit points, parking space to the north-western side of the station with electric vehicle charging points, lifts, escalators, stairs retail stores and stalls covering the concourse for enhanced experience, washrooms, drinking water areas, ticket and token vending machines, enquiry desks, a station control area, additional facilities like wheelchairs for physically-challenged passengers and emergency equipments like firefighting and medical assistance services.<ref>{{cite news|title=Delhi Rapid Rail: New Ashok Nagar trial run soon; Date, timeline, tickets|url=https://m.economictimes.com/industry/transportation/railways/delhi-rapid-rail-new-ashok-nagar-trial-run-soon-date-timeline-tickets/new-ashok-nagar-station-nearly-built/slideshow/110942266.cms|work=The Economic Times|date=12 June 2024|access-date=4 January 2025|language=en}}</ref>

== Features ==

The station has state-of-the-art features to use renewable energy to run itself, similar to the other RRTS stations equivalent to an airport, like adequate use of natural light to reduce dependence on artificial lights, and running all lightings with LED. Others include electric vehicle charging points at the parking space, [[platform screen doors]] (PSDs) on platforms for enhanced passenger safety, CCTV surveillance and the usage of renewable energy as a source of power.<ref>{{cite news|title=Delhi: NCRTC to install platform screen doors in stations for passenger safety|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/delhi/delhi-ncrtc-install-platform-screen-doors-stations-passenger-safety-8173200/lite/|work=The Indian Express|date=26 September 2022|access-date=5 January 2025|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Agarwal|first=Priyangi|title=Clean and clear: All RRTS stations to have EV charging|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/delhi/all-rrts-stations-to-have-ev-charging-facilities-for-clean-energy-adoption-and-last-mile-connectivity/articleshow/109929161.cms|work=The Times of India|date=8 May 2024|access-date=5 January 2025|language=en}}</ref> It will use solar energy and rainwater harvesting facilities to facilitate its operations entirely.<ref>{{cite press release|title=New RRTS to get 70% energy from solar power – The Morning Standard|url=https://ncrtc.in/new-rrts-to-get-70-energy-from-solar-power-the-morning-standard/|website=National Capital Region Transport Corporation|date=3 March 2023|access-date=5 January 2025|language=en}}</ref> For solar power, it will have 900 solar panels on the roof that will generate over 650,000 units of electricity annually, and the rainwater harvesting system has five pits for storage of water. These pits help to absorb rainwater collected from the station and the viaduct into the ground, thus contributing to groundwater conservation and replenishment. In these ways, the entire station will be a green and eco-friendly building.<ref>{{cite news|title=Delhi's New Ashok Nagar RRTS station to go completely green|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/delhi/delhis-new-ashok-vihar-rrts-station-completely-green-9562748/|work=The Indian Express|date=11 September 2024|access-date=4 January 2025|language=en}}</ref>

== Station layout ==

The station has two elevated side platforms with two rail tracks in between for regular services, and the concourse located underneath the platform level. The station has a total length of 332 metres, owing to the extended concourse level westwards to provide enhanced connectivity with the [[Delhi Metro]]'s [[New Ashok Nagar metro station]], while only the station is 215 metres long, and a breadth of 24 meters. The rail tracks have been laid at a height of 25 meters above the ground level.<ref name="NCRTC"/>

{{stack|{{Routemap
| title = [[File:A01 New Ashok Nagar RRTS station.svg|frameless|20px]] New Ashok Nagar RRTS station layout
| title-bg = #{{rail color|RapidX|Delhi–Meerut}}
| legend = track
| collapsible = no
| map = vCONTgfa
cPLT\vSTR\cPLT ~~ ~~ ~~ to [[File:A02 Anand Vihar RRTS station.svg|frameless|20px]] {{stl|RapidX|Anand Vihar}}
*'''P1'''\cPLT\vSTR\cPLT\*'''P2'''
cPLT\vSTR\cPLT ~~ ~~ ~~ to Train Terminates Here **
vCONTgfe
| bottom = <div style="width:23.5em;text-align:center">Station with two tracks and two side platforms ''** (Further extension to [[File:Z00 Sarai Kale Khan RRTS station.svg|frameless|20px]] '''{{stl|RapidX|Sarai Kale Khan}}''' RRTS station)''</div>
}}}}
{|table border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=3
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;border-top:solid 1px gray;" width=50 valign=top|'''G'''
|style="border-top:solid 1px gray;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width=100 valign=top|Street level
|style="border-top:solid 1px gray;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width=500 valign=top|Exit/Entrance
|-
|valign=top|'''L1'''
|valign=top|Mezzanine/Concourse
|valign=top|Fare control, Station agent, Facilities, Retail stores, Token and ticket vending machines, Crossover 
|-
|style="border-top:solid 1px gray;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width=50 rowspan=4 valign=top|'''L2'''
|style="border-top:solid 1px gray;border-right:solid 2px black;border-left:solid 2px black;border-bottom:solid 2px black;text-align:center;" colspan=2|[[Side platform]] | Doors will open on the left {{access icon}}
|-
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width=100|'''Platform 1''' '''Eastbound'''
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width=500|Towards → [[File:AS2 Duhai Depot RRTS station.svg|frameless|20px]] {{stl|RapidX|Duhai Depot}} / [[File:A10 Meerut South RRTS station.svg|frameless|20x20px]] {{stl|RapidX|Meerut South}} '''Next Station:'''[[File:A02 Anand Vihar RRTS station.svg|frameless|20x20px]] [[Anand Vihar RRTS station|Anand Vihar]]
|-
|'''Platform 2''' '''Westbound'''
|Towards ← Train Terminates Here ''(To be further extended to'' [[File:Z00 Sarai Kale Khan RRTS station.svg|frameless|20x20px]] '''''{{stl|RapidX|Sarai Kale Khan}}''' in the future)''
|-
|style="border-top:solid 2px black;border-right:solid 2px black;border-left:solid 2px black;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" colspan=2 align=center|[[Side platform]] | Doors will open on the left {{access icon}}
|-
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width=50 rowspan=2 valign=top|'''L2'''
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width=100|
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width=500|
|-
|}

== See also ==

* [[National Capital Region Transport Corporation]]
* [[Delhi–Meerut Regional Rapid Transit System]]
* [[RapidX]]
* [[Namo Bharat]]
* [[Sarai Kale Khan RRTS station]]
* [[Anand Vihar RRTS station]]
* [[Meerut Metro]]

== References ==

{{reflist}}{{RapidX|Delhi–Meerut=yes}}
[[Category:Railway stations in East Delhi district]]
[[Category:National Capital Region (India)]]
[[Category:Railway stations in India opened in the 21st century]]

2023–24 Delhi FC season

2026-05-02T20:33:31Z

EveMagill33: made basic info and citations.

{{Short description|Indian association football club}}
{{more citations needed|date=June 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2023}}
{{Infobox football club season
| club = Delhi FC
| image =
| image_size = 300px
| season = 2023–24
| stadium = [[Ambedkar Stadium]]
| owntitle =
| owner = Ranjit Bajaj
| mgrtitle = Head coach
| manager = [[Yan Law]]
| league = [[2023–24 I-League|I-League]]
| league result = 6th
| cup1 = [[Durand Cup]]
| cup1 result = Group Stage
| cup2 = [[2023-24 Indian Federation Cup|Federation Cup]]
| cup2 result = TBD
|prevseason =
|nextseason = [[2024–25 Delhi FC season|2024–25]]
}}
The '''2023–24 season''' was the first season for '''Delhi FC '''in the [[I-League]].

In May 2023, the club clinched their first ever [[2022–23 I-League 2|I-League 2]] title, and gained promotion to [[I-League]], and became the first team from [[Delhi]] to get promoted to I-League on sporting merit.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-05-26 |title=Delhi FC crowned Hero 2nd Division champions, earn promotion to Hero I-League |url=https://www.the-aiff.com/article/delhi-fc-crowned-hero-2nd-division-champions-earn-promotion-to-hero-i-league |access-date=2023-05-27 |website=the-aiff.com |publisher=All India Football Federation |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230527052449/https://www.the-aiff.com/article/delhi-fc-crowned-hero-2nd-division-champions-earn-promotion-to-hero-i-league |archive-date=27 May 2023 |location=New Delhi }}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2023-05-26 |title=Delhi FC clinch second division title and promotion to I-League |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/i-league/delhi-fc-clinch-second-division-title-and-promotion-to-i-league/articleshow/100534512.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-05-26 |work=[[The Times of India]] |agency=PTI |location=New Delhi |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230527052710/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/i-league/delhi-fc-clinch-second-division-title-and-promotion-to-i-league/articleshow/100534512.cms |archive-date=27 May 2023 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-05-26 |title=Delhi FC Crowned 2nd Division Champions, Earn Promotion to I-League |url=https://www.news18.com/football/delhi-fc-crowned-2nd-division-champions-earn-promotion-to-i-league-7926229.html |access-date=2023-05-26 |website=News18.com |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230527053011/https://www.news18.com/football/delhi-fc-crowned-2nd-division-champions-earn-promotion-to-i-league-7926229.html |archive-date=27 May 2023 |location=New Delhi |first=Ritayan |last=Basu }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-05-26 |title=Delhi FC secure maiden I-League berth |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/football/delhi-fc-secure-maiden-i-league-berth-8631089/ |access-date=2023-05-26 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |agency=PTI |location=New Delhi |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230710050025/https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/football/delhi-fc-secure-maiden-i-league-berth-8631089/ |archive-date=10 July 2023 |url-status=bot: unknown }}</ref> The club appointed [[Yan Law]] as the head coach on 26 June 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-26 |title=Yan Cheng Law returns to Indian Football as Delhi FC head coach |url=https://thebridge.in/football/yan-cheng-law-returns-indian-football-delhi-fc-coach-42709 |access-date=2023-06-26 |website=thebridge.in |language=en}}</ref> On 30 June, it was confirmed that Delhi would participate in the [[2023 Durand Cup|132nd edition]] of the [[Durand Cup]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Durand Cup 2023 football tournament to start on August 3 - full list of teams |url=https://olympics.com/en/news/durand-cup-2023-football-dates |access-date=16 April 2024 |work=olympics.com}}</ref>

== Personnel ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+Current technical staff
!Position
!Name
|-
|Owner
|{{Flagicon|IND}} Ranjit Bajaj
|-
|Team manager
|{{flagicon|IND}} Anish Shetty
|-
|Head coach
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Yan Law]]
|-
|Assistant coach
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Israil Gurung]]
|-
|Assistant coach
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Anwar Ali (footballer, born 1984)|Anwar Ali Sr.]]
|-
|Goalkeeping coach
|{{flagicon|IND}} Mannu Rao
|-
|Physio
|{{flagicon|IND}} Bhusan Dahikar
|-
|}

== Players ==
{{Fs start}}
{{Fs player|no=1|nat=IND|pos=GK|name=[[Pawan Kumar (footballer, born 1990)|Pawan Kumar]]}}
{{Fs player|no=3|nat=IND|pos=DF|name=[[Gurtej Singh]]}}
{{Fs player|no=4|nat=TJK|pos=DF|name=[[Alisher Kholmurodov]]}}
{{Fs player|no=6|nat=IND|pos=MF|name=Vanlalhriatzuala K.}}
{{Fs player|no=7|nat=JPN|pos=FW|name=[[Takuto Miki]]}}
{{Fs player|no=8|nat=IND|pos=MF|name=Dhruv Sharma}}
{{Fs player|no=9|nat=IND|pos=MF|name=[[Vinil Poojary]]}}
{{Fs player|no=10|nat=BRA|pos=FW|name=[[Sérgio Barboza]]}}
{{Fs player|no=11|nat=IND|pos=FW|name=[[Himanshu Jangra]]}}
{{Fs player|no=12|nat=SEN|pos=MF|name=[[Pape Gassama]]}}
{{Fs player|no=15|nat=IND|pos=FW|name=[[Balwant Singh (footballer)|Balwant Singh]]}}
{{Fs player|no=16|nat=BRA|pos=FW|name=[[Hudson Jesus]]}}
{{Fs player|no=17|nat=IND|pos=DF|name=Kitboklang Khyriem}}
{{Fs player|no=21|nat=IND|pos=GK|name=Nitish Mehra}}
{{Fs player|no=22|nat=IND|pos=FW|name=[[Bali Gagandeep]]}}
{{Fs mid}}
{{Fs player|no=25|nat=UZB|pos=FW|name=[[Shokhrukhbek Muratov]]}}
{{Fs player|no=26|nat=IND|pos=MF|name=Gaurav Rawat}}
{{Fs player|no=27|nat=IND|pos=FW|name=Ankit Singh}}
{{Fs player|no=28|nat=IND|pos=MF|name=[[Naorem Tondomba Singh]]|other=on loan from [[Mumbai City FC|Mumbai City]]}}
{{Fs player|no=32|nat=IND|pos=GK|name=[[Naveen Kumar (footballer)|Naveen Kumar]]}}
{{Fs player|no=33|nat=IND|pos=DF|name=[[Munmun Lugun]]}}
{{Fs player|no=47|nat=IND|pos=DF|name=[[Raju Gaikwad]]}}
{{Fs player|no=49|nat=IND|pos=MF|name=[[Girik Khosla]]}}
{{Fs player|no=60|nat=IND|pos=MF|name=Suprodip Hazra}}
{{Fs player|no=67|nat=IND|pos=MF|name=Rahul Rawat}}
{{Fs player|no=84|nat=IND|pos=MF|name=Bhupinder Singh|dab=footballer}}
{{Fs player|no=|nat=IND|pos=MF|name=Fahad Temuri}}
{{Fs end}}

==Reserve players ==
{{Fs start}}
{{Fs player|no=4|nat=IND|pos=MF|name=Kartik Kanojia}}
{{Fs player|no=14|nat=IND|pos=FW|name=[[Krishna Pandit]]}}
{{Fs player|no=18|nat=IND|pos=MF|name=Abhay Gurung}}
{{Fs player|no=24|nat=IND|pos=DF|name=[[Koushik Sarkar]]}}
{{Fs player|no=55|nat=IND|pos=MF|name=Akash Tirkey}}
{{Fs player|no=|nat=IND|pos=MF|name=Kuntal Pakhira}}
{{Fs player|no=|nat=IND|pos=MF|name=Lalengmawia}}
{{Fs player|no=|nat=IND|pos=GK|name=Calvin Abhishek}}
{{Fs player|no=|nat=IND|pos=FW|name=[[Tarun Slathia]]}}
{{Fs end}}

=== Contract extension ===
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable"
|-
! style="background:#014593; color:white;" |Date
! style="background:#014593; color:white;" |No
! style="background:#014593; color:white;" |Pos
! style="background:#014593; color:white;" |Player
! style="background:#014593; color:white;" |Ref
|-
|21 June 2023
|33
|DF
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Munmun Lugun]]
|<ref>https://twitter.com/Delhi_FC/status/1671498629922582530?ref_src=twsrc%5Egoogle%7Ctwcamp%5Eserp%7Ctwgr%5Etweet</ref>
|-
|22 June 2023
|15
|FW
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Balwant Singh (footballer)|Balwant Singh]]
|<ref>https://twitter.com/Delhi_FC/status/1671836029752418306?ref_src=twsrc%5Egoogle%7Ctwcamp%5Eserp%7Ctwgr%5Etweet</ref>
|-
|23 June 2023
|03
|DF
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Gurtej Singh]]
|<ref>https://twitter.com/Delhi_FC/status/1672213804187303936?ref_src=twsrc%5Egoogle%7Ctwcamp%5Eserp%7Ctwgr%5Etweet</ref>
|-
|28 June 2023
|05
|MF
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Suprodip Hazra]]
|<ref>{{cite tweet|user=Delhi_FC|number=1674017297868943360|title=An Unbreakable Anchor, 𝐒𝐮𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐝𝐢𝐩 𝐇𝐚𝐳𝐫𝐚 extends his stay at the club!}}</ref>
|-
|30 June 2023
|06
|MF
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Vanlalhriatzuala]]
|<ref>{{cite tweet|user=Delhi_FC|number=1674686248709914624|title= Vanlalhriatzuala pens down a one year extension with us!}}</ref>
|-
|1 July 2023
|12
|MF
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Fahad Temuri]]
|<ref>{{cite tweet|user=Delhi_FC|number=1675072614308409349|title= Ready to score more as we ratain the service of fahad temuri!}}</ref>
|-
|7 July 2023
|32
|DF
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Kitboklang Khyriem]]
|
|-
|7 July 2023
|19
|MF
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Dhruv Sharma (footballer)|Dhruv Sharma]]
|
|-
|7 July 2023
|67
|MF
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Rahul Rawat (footballer)|Rahul Rawat]]
|
|-
|8 July 2023
|18
|MF
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Abhay Gurung]]
|<ref>{{cite tweet|user=Delhi_FC|number=1677586639059578880|title= we're excited to have 𝐀𝐛𝐡𝐚𝐲 𝐆𝐮𝐫𝐮𝐧𝐠 continuing his journey for yet another season.}}</ref>
|-
|8 July 2023
|
|MF
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Kuntal Pakhira]]
|<ref>{{cite tweet|user=Delhi_FC|number=1677663832716582914|title= The depth and quality down the flanks are extended as 𝐊𝐮𝐧𝐭𝐚𝐥 𝐏𝐚𝐤𝐡𝐢𝐫𝐚 stays with us for one more season.}}</ref>
|-
|9 July 2023
|26
|MF
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Gaurav Rawat]]
|<ref>{{cite tweet|user=Delhi_FC|number=1678041351265419264|title=A Promising Future Extended: 𝐆𝐚𝐮𝐫𝐚𝐯 𝐑𝐚𝐰𝐚𝐭 commits to another year of triumph!}}</ref>
|-
|10 July 2023
|
|MF
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Kartik Kanojia]]
|<ref>{{cite tweet|user=Delhi_FC|number=1678301514115194880|title=From Breakthrough to Brilliance: 𝐊𝐚𝐫𝐭𝐢𝐤 𝐊𝐚𝐧𝐨𝐣𝐢𝐚 secures future with #DelhiFC as he pens down a year extension with us.}}</ref>
|-
|10 July 2023
|
|MF
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Gwgwmsar Gayari]]
|<ref>{{cite tweet|user=Delhi_FC|number=1678732150928015362|title=𝐆𝐰𝐠𝐰𝐦𝐬𝐚𝐫 𝐆𝐚𝐲𝐚𝐫𝐲 has extended his stay at #DelhiFC for one more season! }}</ref>
|-
|11 July 2023
|84
|MF
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Bhupinder Singh (footballer)|Bhupinder Singh]]
|<ref>{{cite tweet|user=Delhi_FC|number=1679111435824103425|title=A promising talent stays put! Thrilled to announce 𝐁𝐡𝐮𝐩𝐢𝐧𝐝𝐞𝐫 𝐒𝐢𝐧𝐠𝐡 signs a one-year contract extension..}}</ref>
|-
|11 July 2023
|23
|GK
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Nitish Mehra]]
|
|-
|26 July 2023
|
|FW
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Krishna Pandit]]
|<ref>{{cite tweet|user=Delhi_FC|number=1695309711757705378|title=𝐊𝐫𝐢𝐬𝐡𝐧𝐚 𝐏𝐚𝐧𝐝𝐢𝐭 is here to stay!}}</ref>
|-
|}

== Transfers ==
=== In ===
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable"
|-
! style="background:#014593; color:white;" |Date
! style="background:#014593; color:white;" |Pos
! style="background:#014593; color:white;" |Player
! style="background:#014593; color:white;" |Transferred from
! style="background:#014593; color:white;" |Fee
! style="background:#014593; color:white;" |Ref
|-
|27 June 2023
|FW
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Himanshu Jangra]]
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[East Bengal Club|East Bengal]]
|Loan Return
|<ref>{{cite tweet|user=Delhi_FC|number=1673652205583319040|title=𝐇𝐢𝐦𝐚𝐧𝐬𝐡𝐮 𝐉𝐚𝐧𝐠𝐫𝐚 returns to #DelhiFC with renewed vigor and refined abilities. }}</ref>
|-
|29 June 2023
|FW
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Azharuddin Mallick]]
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Mohammedan SC (Kolkata)|Mohammedan]]
|Free Agent
|<ref>{{cite tweet|user=Delhi_FC|number=1674296643750092801|title=Say hello 👋 to our prolific and intelligent striker! ⚡⚽ Welcome aboard, 𝐀𝐳𝐡𝐚𝐫𝐮𝐝𝐝𝐢𝐧 𝐌𝐚𝐥𝐥𝐢𝐜𝐤!. }}</ref>
|-
|30 June 2023
|MF
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Vinil Poojary]]
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[FC Bengaluru United|Bengaluru United]]
|Free Agent
|<ref>{{cite tweet|user=Delhi_FC|number=1674774949138137088|title= Welcome aboard, Vinil Poojary!. }}</ref>
|-
|7 July 2023
|GK
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[James Kithan]]
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Gokulam Kerala FC|Gokulam Kerala]]
|Free Agent
|<ref>{{cite tweet|user=Delhi_FC|number=1677225551524687872|title= The Guardian of our Goal, a picture of strength and quality, we're delighted to welcome back 𝐉𝐚𝐦𝐞𝐬 𝐊𝐢𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐧! }}</ref>
|-
|7 July 2023
|DF
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Raju Gaikwad]]
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Churchill Brothers FC Goa|Churchill Brothers]]
|Free Agent
|<ref>{{cite tweet|user=Delhi_FC|number=1677312026081648642|title= Experience, Grace and Ability combined together as we welcome, 𝐑𝐚𝐣𝐮 𝐆𝐚𝐢𝐤𝐰𝐚𝐝 to add solidity to our back line. }}</ref>
|-
|9 July 2023
|DF
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Koushik Sarkar]]
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Bhawanipore FC|Bhawanipore]]
|Free Agent
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://footballexpress.in/delhi-fc-signs-koushik-sarkar/ | title=Delhi FC signs Koushik Sarkar | date=7 July 2023 }}</ref>
|-
|9 July 2023
|MF
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Prakash Sarkar]]
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Real Kashmir FC|Real Kashmir]]
|Free Agent
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://khelnow.com/football/2023-06-i-league-delhi-fc-sign-prakash-sarkar | title=I-League: Delhi FC set to sign former East Bengal player Prakash Sarkar }}</ref>
|-
|14 July 2023
|MF
|{{flagicon|IND}} Lalengmawia
|{{flagicon|IND}}
|Free Agent
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://halfwayfootball.com/ileague-delhi-fc-set-to-sign-lalengmawia-and-girik-khosla/ | title=Delhi FC set to sign Lalengmawia and Girik Khosla – Halfway Football | date=9 July 2023 }}</ref>
|-
|17 July 2023
|MF
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Girik Khosla]]
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Real Kashmir FC|Real Kashmir]]
|Free Agent
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://halfwayfootball.com/ileague-delhi-fc-set-to-sign-lalengmawia-and-girik-khosla/ | title=Delhi FC set to sign Lalengmawia and Girik Khosla – Halfway Football | date=9 July 2023 }}</ref>
|-
|27 July 2023
|FW
|{{flagicon|IND}} Ankit Singh
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Techtro Swades United FC|Techtro Swades United]]
|Free Agent
|
|-
|30 July 2023
|DF
|{{flagicon|EGY}} Alaa Nasr
|{{flagicon|MDV}} [[TC Sports Club|TC Sports]]
|Free Agent
|
|-
|3 August 2023
|GK
|{{flagicon|IND}} Calvin Abhishek
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Peerless SC|Peerless]]
|Free Agent
|<ref>{{cite tweet|user=Delhi_FC|number=1687001557110239232|title=The hands of steel is here! 🧤 𝐂𝐚𝐥𝐯𝐢𝐧 𝐀𝐛𝐡𝐢𝐬𝐡𝐞𝐤! }}</ref>
|-
|3 August 2023
|GK
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Pawan Kumar (footballer, born 1990)|Pawan Kumar]]
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[East Bengal Club|East Bengal]]
|Free Agent
|<ref>{{cite tweet|user=Delhi_FC|number=1687074586112745472|title=We are elated to announce the arrival of 𝐏𝐚𝐰𝐚𝐧 𝐊𝐮𝐦𝐚𝐫! 🤩 }}</ref>
|-
|14 August 2023
|FW
|{{flagicon|BRA}} [[Sérgio Barboza]]
|{{flagicon|USA}} [[Nona FC]]
|Free Agent
|<ref>{{cite tweet|user=Delhi_FC|number=1691038765920260096|title=WELCOME BACK, 𝐒𝐄𝐑𝐆𝐈𝐎 𝐁𝐀𝐑𝐁𝐎𝐙𝐀! 🤩}}</ref>
|-
|18 August 2023
|MF
|{{flagicon|SEN}} [[Pape Gassama]]
|{{flagicon|USA}} [[Nona FC]]
|Free Agent
|<ref>{{cite tweet|user=Delhi_FC|number=1692577833669869739|title=WELCOME TO, Delhi fc! 🤩}}</ref>
|-
|23 August 2023
|FW
|{{flagicon|BRA}} [[Hudson Jesus]]
|{{flagicon|BRA}} [[Trem Desportivo Clube|Trem]]
|Free Agent
|<ref>{{cite tweet|user=Delhi_FC|number=1694263344469778934|title=Presenting Our Brazilian Striker to India! ⚽️🇧🇷🌍 }}</ref>
|-
|26 August 2023
|FW
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Tarun Slathia]]
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Jagat Singh Palahi FC]]
|Free Agent
|<ref>{{cite tweet|user=Delhi_FC|number=1695386198221488335|title=We're excited to announce the signing of 𝐓𝐚𝐫𝐮𝐧 𝐒𝐥𝐚𝐭𝐡𝐢𝐚, a young prodigy who's set to shine on the field. }}</ref>
|-
|31 August 2023
|GK
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Naveen Kumar (footballer)|Naveen Kumar]]
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[FC Goa]]
|Free Agent
|<ref>{{cite tweet|user=Delhi_FC|number=1697194565009088850|title=Welcoming Naveen Kumar to the #Warriors den on Deadline Day!. }}</ref>
|-
|22 December 2023
|MF
|{{flagicon|ESP}} [[Joseba Beitia]]
|
|Free Agent
|
|-
|31 January 2024
|FW
|{{flagicon|UZB}} [[Shokhrukhbek Muratov]]
|{{flagicon|KGZ}} [[FC Alay Osh]]
|Free Transfer
|
|-
|31 January 2024
|FW
|{{flagicon|JPN}} [[Takuto Miki]]
|
|Free Agent
|
|-
|31 January 2024
|DF
|{{flagicon|TJK}} [[Alisher Kholmurodov]]
|{{flagicon|TJK}} [[Regar-TadAZ Tursunzoda|Regar-TadAZ]]
|Free Agent
|
|-
|}

=== Loaned in ===
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable"
|-
! style="background:#014593; color:white;" |Date
! style="background:#014593; color:white;" |Pos
! style="background:#014593; color:white;" |Player
! style="background:#014593; color:white;" |Loaned from
! style="background:#014593; color:white;" |Fee
! style="background:#014593; color:white;" |Ref
|-
|19 June 2023
|MF
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Naorem Tondomba Singh]]
|[[Mumbai City FC|Mumbai City]]
|
|
|}

=== Out ===
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable"
|-
! style="background:#014593; color:white;" | Date
! style="background:#014593; color:white;" | Pos
! style="background:#014593; color:white;" | Player
! style="background:#014593; color:white;" | Transferred to
! style="background:#014593; color:white;" | Fee
! style="background:#014593; color:white;" | Ref
|-
|1 June 2023
|DF
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Bikram Pradhan]]
|[[Bhawanipore FC|Bhawanipore]]
|Free Agent
|
|-
|9 June 2023
|GK
|{{flagicon|IND}} Susnata Malick
|[[Diamond Harbour FC|Diamond Harbour]]
|Free Agent
|
|-
|1 July 2023
|FW
|{{flagicon|IND}} Nirmal Singh Bisht
|{{flagicon|IND}} Garhwal FC
|Loan Return
|
|-
|7 July 2023
|DF
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Karandeep Singh]]
|[[Mohammedan SC (Kolkata)|Mohammedan]]
|Free Agent
|
|-
|18 July 2023
|MF
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Muhammed Inayath]]
|
|Free Agent
|
|-
|18 July 2023
|MF
|{{flagicon|IND}} Neeraj Bhandari
|{{flagicon|IND}} Garhwal FC
|Free Agent
|
|-
|18 July 2023
|MF
|{{flagicon|IND}} Jibin Devassy
|
|Free Agent
|
|-
|18 July 2023
|FW
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Ajay Singh (footballer)|Ajay Singh]]
|
|Free Agent
|
|-
|18 July 2023
|FW
|{{flagicon|IND}} Manvir Singh}
|
|Free Agent
|
|-
|18 July 2023
|MF
|{{flagicon|IND}} Thingnam Radhakanta Singh
|
|Free Agent
|
|-
|18 July 2023
|GK
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Vigneshwaran Baskaran]]
|
|Free Agent
|
|-
|14 September 2023
|DF
|{{flagicon|IND}} Wangkhei Olen Singh
|[[NEROCA FC|NEROCA]]
|Free Agent
|
|-
|14 September 2023
|MF
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Prakash Sarkar]]
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Bhawanipore FC|Bhawanipore]]
|Free Transfer
|
|-
|15 September 2023
|MF
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Azharuddin Mallick]]
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Bhawanipore FC|Bhawanipore]]
|Free Transfer
|
|-
|05 January 2024
|FW
|{{flagicon|BRA}} [[Aroldo DA SILVA]]
|{{flagicon|MLT}} [[Marsa F.C.|Marsa]]
|Free Transfer
|
|-
|18 January 2024
|MF
|{{flagicon|ESP}} [[Joseba Beitia]]
|{{flagicon|PAN}} [[UMECIT FC]]
|Free Transfer
|
|-
| 25 January 2024
| GK
| {{flagicon|IND}} [[James Kithan]]
| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Mohammedan SC (Kolkata)|Mohammedan]]
|Free Transfer
|
|-
| 31 January 2024
| DF
| {{flagicon|EGY}} Alaaeldin Nasr
|
| Free Agent
|
|-
|}

=== Loaned out ===
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable"
|-
! style="background:#014593; color:white;" |Start Date
! style="background:#014593; color:white;" |End Date
! style="background:#014593; color:white;" |Pos
! style="background:#014593; color:white;" |Player
! style="background:#014593; color:white;" |Loaned to
! style="background:#014593; color:white;" |Fee
! style="background:#014593; color:white;" |Ref
|-
|9 July 2023
|31 May 2027
|DF
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Anwar Ali (footballer, born 2000)|Anwar Ali]]
|[[Mohun Bagan Super Giant|Mohun Bagan SG]]
|Undisclosed
|
|}

==Pre-season==
{{football box collapsible
| round =[[Friendly Match|Friendly]]
| date = 2 August 2023
| time = 08:00 IST
| team1 = [[Namdhari FC|Namdhari]]
| score = 3–5
| report =
| team2 = Delhi FC
| goals1 =
| goals2 =
* [[Fahad Temuri]] {{goal}}{{goal}}
* Alaaeldin Nasr {{goal}}
*[[Vinil Poojary]] {{goal}}
*? {{goal}}
| stadium = Namdhari Football Ground
| location = [[Bhaini Ala|Bhaini]]
| attendance =
| referee =
| result = W
}}
{{football box collapsible
| round = Climate Cup
| date = 1 September 2023
| time = 08:30 IST
| team1 = {{flagicon|TIB}}Tibetan NFA
| score = 2–4
| report =
| team2 = Delhi FC
| goals1 =
| goals2 =
* [[Himanshu Jangra]] {{goal|15}}
* Gaurav Rawat{{goal|26}}
*Kartik Kanojia {{goal|66}}
*[[Girik Khosla]] {{goal|90+4}}
| stadium = Spituk Football Stadium
| location = [[Leh]]
| attendance =
| referee =
| result = W
}}
{{football box collapsible
| round = Climate Cup
| date = 3 September 2023
| time = 15:30 IST
| team1 = Delhi FC
| score = 2–1
| report =
| team2 = 1 Ladakh FC
| goals1 =
* [[Himanshu Jangra]] {{goal|38}}
* Akash Tirkey {{goal|79}}
| goals2 =
| stadium = Spituk Football Stadium
| location = [[Leh]]
| attendance =
| referee =
| result = W
}}
{{football box collapsible
| round = Climate Cup
| date = 5 September 2023
| time = 8:30 IST
| team1 = UT Ladakh
| score = 0–10
| report =
| team2 = Delhi FC
| goals1 =
| goals2 =
* [[Fahad Temuri]] {{goal|3}} {{goal|45}}
* Kitboklang Khyriem{{goal|10}}
* [[Tarun Slathia]] {{goal|59}} {{goal|69}} {{goal|78}}
* Kuntal Pakhira {{goal|62}} {{goal|90+4}}
* Rahul Rawat {{goal|72}}
* [[Himanshu Jangra]] {{goal|90+2}}
| stadium = Spituk Football Stadium
| location = [[Leh]]
| attendance =
| referee =
| result = W
}}
{{football box collapsible
| round = Climate Cup
| date = 8 September 2023
| time = 12:45 IST
| team1 = {{flagicon|TIB}}Tibetan NFA
| score = 0–6
| report =
| team2 = Delhi FC
| goals1 =
| goals2 =
* Akash Tirkey {{goal|36}}
* [[Tarun Slathia]] {{goal|45+1}}
* OG {{goal|45+8}}
* [[Himanshu Jangra]] {{goal|50}} {{goal|90+3}}
* Vanlalhriatzuala {{goal|74}}
| stadium = Spituk Football Stadium
| location = [[Leh]]
| attendance =
| referee =
| result = W
}}

{{football box collapsible
| round = Chakradhar Cup
| date = 20 September 2023
| time = 15:00 IST
| team1 = Delhi FC
| score = 2–0
| report =
| team2 = Assam Police
| goals1 =
| goals2 =
* [[Himanshu Jangra]] {{goal|66}}
* Aroldinho {{goal|90+5}}
| stadium = Nalbari Ground
| location = [[Nalbari]]
| attendance =
| referee =
| result = W
}}

{{football box collapsible
| round = Chakradhar Cup
| date = 22 September 2023
| time = 15:00 IST
| team1 = Delhi FC
| score = 0–0
| penaltyscore = 3–1
| report = https://delhifootballclub.com/delhi-fc-beats-indian-oil-to-set-up-title-clash-with-i-league-side-shillong-lajong/
| team2 = Indian Oil FC
| goals1 =
| goals2 =
| stadium = Nalbari Ground
| location = [[Nalbari]]
| attendance =
| referee =
| result = W
}}

{{football box collapsible
| round = Chakradhar Cup
| date = 24 September 2023
| time = 15:00 IST
| team1 = Delhi FC
| score = 1–2
| report = https://thesportsroom.in/2023/09/25/lajong-win-chakradhar-deka-football-tournament-in-assam
| team2 = [[Shillong Lajong FC|Shillong Lajong]]
| goals1 =
* Akash Tirkey {{goal|80}}
| goals2 =
| stadium = Nalbari Ground
| location = [[Nalbari]]
| attendance =
| referee =
| result = L
}}

==Competitions==

===Overview===
{{Fb overview2
|c=1
|c1=[[2023-24 I-League|I-League]] |fm1= 30 October 2023 |lm1=13 April 2024 |sr1=Match day 1 |fp1= 6th |w1=11|l1=11|d1=2|f1=44 |a1=40
|c2=[[Durand Cup]]|fm2=6 August 2023|lm2=18 August 2023 |sr2=[[2023 Durand Cup#Group stage|Group stage]] |fp2=Group stage|w2=0|l2=1|d2=2|f2=3|a2=4
|u=
}}

===I-League===
{{Main|2023–24 I-League}}

==== League table ====
{{:2023–24 I-League|showteam=DEL}}

==== Matches ====
'''Note''': I-League announced the fixtures for the 2023–24 season on 6 October 2023.<ref>https://i-league.org/aiff-announces-fixtures-for-i-league-iwl/feed/</ref>

{{football box collapsible
| round = 1
| date = {{Start date|2023|10|30|df=y}}
| time = 14:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| team1 = Delhi
| score = 1–1
| report = [https://i-league.org/match-details/?mid=21855 Report]
| team2 = [[TRAU FC|TRAU]]
| goals1 = [[Balwant Singh (footballer)|Balwant Singh]] {{goal|47}}
| goals2 = Liton Shil {{goal|29}}
| location = [[Bhaini Ala]]
| stadium = Namdhari Stadium
| attendance =
| result = D
| motm =
| referee =
}}

{{football box collapsible
| round = 2
| date = {{Start date|2023|11|02|df=y}}
| time = 14:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| team1 = Delhi
| score = 4–3
| report = [https://i-league.org/match-details/?mid=21857 Report]
| team2 = [[Rajasthan United FC|Rajasthan United]]
| goals1 = *[[Aroldinho]] {{goal|3||44}}
*[[Gurtej Singh]] {{goal|33}}
*[[Sérgio Barboza]] {{goal|53|pen.}}
| goals2 = [[Yash Tripathi]] {{goal|13||66||68}}
| location = [[Bhaini Ala]]
| stadium = Namdhari Stadium
| attendance =
| result = W
| motm = [[Yash Tripathi]] (Rajasthan United)
| referee =
}}

{{football box collapsible
| round = 3
| date = {{Start date|2023|11|10|df=y}}
| time = 14:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| team1 = Delhi
| score = 1–2
| report = [https://i-league.org/match-details/?mid=21869 Report]
| team2 = [[Mohammedan SC (Kolkata)|Mohammedan]]
| goals1 = [[Bali Gagandeep]] {{goal|90+8}}
| goals2 = *[[Gurtej Singh]] {{goal|4|o.g.}}
*[[Lalremsanga Fanai]] {{goal|13}}
| location = [[Bhaini Ala]]
| stadium = Namdhari Stadium
| attendance =
| result = L
| motm = Padam Chatri
| referee =
}}

{{football box collapsible
| round = 4
| date = {{Start date|2023|11|17|df=y}}
| time = 16:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| team1 = [[Aizawl FC|Aizawl]]
| score = 1–5
| report = [https://i-league.org/match-details/?mid=21875 Report]
| team2 = Delhi
| goals1 = R Lalthanmawia {{goal|46}}
| goals2 = *[[Gaurav Rawat]] {{goal|14||23}}
*[[Aroldinho]] {{goal|61}}
*[[Sérgio Barboza]] {{goal|76}}
*Alaaeldin Nasr {{goal|86}}
| location = [[Aizawl]]
| stadium = [[Rajiv Gandhi Stadium (Aizawl)|Rajiv Gandhi Stadium]]
| attendance =
| result = W
| motm = [[Gaurav Rawat]]
| referee =
}}

{{football box collapsible
| round = 5
| date = {{Start date|2023|11|22|df=y}}
| time = 16:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| team1 = [[Shillong Lajong FC|Shillong Lajong]]
| score = 2–1
| report = [https://i-league.org/match-details/?mid=21883 Report]
| team2 = Delhi
| goals1 = *Abdou Karim {{goal|24}}
*[[Phrangki Buam]] {{goal|82}}
| goals2 = *[[Gaurav Rawat]] {{goal|60}}
| location = [[Shillong]]
| stadium = SSA Stadium
| attendance =
| result = L
| motm = [[Phrangki Buam]] (Shillong)
| referee =
}}

{{football box collapsible
| round = 6
| date = {{Start date|2023|11|27|df=y}}
| time = 14:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| team1 = Delhi
| score = 3–4
| report = [https://i-league.org/match-details/?mid=21890 Report]
| team2 = [[NEROCA FC|NEROCA]]
| goals1 = *[[Aroldinho]] {{goal|81}}
*[[Sérgio Barboza]] {{goal|85||90}}
| goals2 = *Tangva Ragui {{goal|16}}
*Balwinder Singh {{goal|73}}
*David Singh {{goal|77}}
*Aniket Panchal {{goal|78}}
| location = [[Bhaini Ala]]
| stadium = Namdhari Stadium
| attendance =
| result = L
| motm = [[David Simbo]] (NEROCA)
| referee =
}}

{{football box collapsible
| round = 7
| date = {{Start date|2023|12|01|df=y}}
| time = 14:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| team1 = Delhi
| score = 2–1
| report = [https://i-league.org/match-details/?mid=21893 Report]
| team2 = [[Churchill Brothers FC Goa|Churchill Brothers]]
| goals1 = *[[Sérgio Barboza]] {{goal|47}}
*[[Ponif Vaz]] {{goal|87|o.g.}}
| goals2 = *[[Martín Cháves]] {{goal|24}}
| location = [[Bhaini Ala]]
| stadium = Namdhari Stadium
| attendance =
| result = W
| motm = [[Pape Gassama]] (Delhi)
| referee =
}}

{{football box collapsible
| round = 8
| date = {{Start date|2023|12|05|df=y}}
| time = 14:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| team1 = [[Namdhari FC|Namdhari]]
| score = 1–2
| report = [https://i-league.org/match-details/?mid=21899 Report]
| team2 = Delhi
| goals1 = *[[Sehajdeep Singh]] {{goal|90+9}}
| goals2 = *[[Bali Gagandeep]] {{goal|3}}
*[[Hudson Jesus]] {{goal|68|pen.}}
| location = [[Bhaini Ala]]
| stadium = Namdhari Stadium
| attendance =
| result = W
| motm = [[Bali Gagandeep]] (Delhi)
| referee =
}}

{{football box collapsible
| round = 9
| date = {{Start date|2023|12|11|df=y}}
| time = 19:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| team1 = [[Sreenidi Deccan FC|Sreenidi Deccan]]
| score = 1–0
| report =
| team2 = Delhi
| goals1 = * [[Bali Gagandeep]] {{goal|64|o.g.}}
| goals2 =
| location = [[Hyderabad]]
| stadium = [[Deccan Arena]]
| attendance =
| result = L
| motm =
| referee =
}}

{{football box collapsible
| round = 10
| date = {{Start date|2023|12|15|df=y}}
| time = 19:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| team1 = [[Inter Kashi]]
| score = 2–0
| report = https://theprint.in/sport/inter-kashi-beat-delhi-fc-2-0-in-i-league/1887745
| team2 = Delhi
| goals1 = *Md. Asif {{goal|14}}
*Jordon Lamela {{goal|36}}
| goals2 =
| stadium = [[Kalyani Stadium]]
| location = [[Kalyani, West Bengal|Kalyani]]
| attendance =
| result = L
| motm = Jordon Lamela (Inter Kashi)
| referee =
}}

{{football box collapsible
| round = 11
| date = {{Start date|2023|12|24|df=y}}
| time = 14:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| team1 = Delhi
| score = 1–0
| report = https://www.dailyexcelsior.com/delhi-fc-defeats-real-kashmir-fc-by-1-0
| team2 = [[Real Kashmir FC|Real Kashmir]]
| goals1 = [[Hudson Jesus|Jesus]] {{goal|77}}
| goals2 =
| location = [[Bhaini Ala]]
| stadium = Namdhari Stadium
| attendance = 918
| result = W
| motm = [[Hudson Jesus]] (Delhi)
| referee = Tanmoy Dhar
}}

{{football box collapsible
| round = 13
| date = {{Start date|2024|02|11|df=y}}
| time = 19:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| team1 = [[TRAU FC|TRAU]]
| score = 5–3
| report = https://delhifootballclub.com/delhi-fc-faces-a-disheartening-defeat-against-trau-fc
| team2 = Delhi
| goals1 =*Liton Shil {{goal|5||73}}
*Danish Aribam {{goal|64||71|pen.}}
*Robinson {{goal|75}}
| goals2 = *[[Balwant Singh (footballer)|Balwant Singh]] {{goal|2}}
*Shokhrukhbek Muratov {{goal|41}}
*[[Sérgio Barboza]] {{goal|59|pen.}}
| stadium = [[Kalyani Stadium]]
| location = [[Kalyani, West Bengal|Kalyani]]
| attendance = 128
| result = L
| motm = Danish Aribam (TRAU)
| referee = Pratik Mondal
}}

{{football box collapsible
| round = 14
| date = {{Start date|2024|02|15|df=y}}
| time = 14:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| team1 = Delhi
| score = 1–0
| report = https://i-league.org/barbozas-late-winner-helps-delhi-fc-edge-past-aizawl-fc
| team2 = [[Aizawl FC|Aizawl]]
| goals1 = [[Sérgio Barboza|Barboza]] {{goal|90+3}}
| goals2 =
| location = [[Bhaini Ala]]
| stadium = Namdhari Stadium
| attendance = 150
| result = W
| motm = [[Sérgio Barboza]] (Delhi)
| referee = Jehrul Islam
}}

{{football box collapsible
| round = 12
| date = {{Start date|2024|02|19|df=y}}
| time = 14:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| team1 = Delhi
| score = 1–2
| report = [https://i-league.org/match-details/?mid=26832 Report]
| team2 = Gokulam Kerala
| goals1 = *Nidhin {{goal|85|o.g.}}
| goals2 = *[[Álex Sánchez (footballer, born 1989)|Álex Sánchez]] {{goal|85|pen.}}
*[[Lalliansanga Renthlei]] {{goal|90+3}}
| location = [[Bhaini Ala]]
| stadium = Namdhari Stadium
| attendance = 200
| result = L
| motm = [[Lalliansanga Renthlei]] (Gokulam Kerala)
| referee = Pratik Mondal
}}

{{football box collapsible
| round = 15
| date = {{Start date|2024|02|23|df=y}}
| time = 19:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| team1 = [[NEROCA FC|NEROCA]]
| score = 1–2
| report = https://i-league.org/early-birds-delhi-fc-catch-the-three-points-against-neroca
| team2 = Delhi
| goals1 =
| goals2 =* Shokhrukhbek Muratov {{goal|4}}
*Rahul Rawat {{goal|21}}
| location = [[Shillong]]
| stadium = [[SSA Stadium]]
| attendance = 100
| result = W
| motm = Shokhrukhbek Muratov (Delhi)
| referee = Jatinder Singh
}}

{{football box collapsible
| round = 16
| date = {{Start date|2024|02|27|df=y}}
| time = 19:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| team1 = [[Churchill Brothers FC Goa|Churchill Brothers]]
| score = 2–0
| report = https://www.heraldgoa.in/Sports/Churchill-Brothers-ends-winless-streak-with-win-over-Delhi-FC/218341
| team2 = Delhi
| goals1 = [[Ogana Louis|Louis]] {{goal|12|pen.|20}}
| goals2 =
| location = [[Vasco da Gama, Goa|Vasco]]
| stadium = [[Tilak Maidan]]
| attendance = 921
| result = L
| motm = [[Ogana Louis]] (Churchill Brothers)
| referee = Arvind Sekhar A.
}}

{{football box collapsible
| round = 17
| date = {{Start date|2024|03|03|df=y}}
| time = 14:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| team2 = [[Namdhari FC|Namdhari]]
| score = 2–3
| report =
| team1 = Delhi
| goals1 =* Alisher Kholmurodov {{goal|75}}
* [[Bali Gagandeep]] {{goal|90}}
| goals2 = * Harpreet Singh {{goal|73}}
* Iván Garrido {{goal|76}}
* Akashdeep Singh {{goal|90+2}}
| location = [[Bhaini Ala]]
| stadium = Namdhari Stadium
| attendance = 500
| result = L
| motm = Akashdeep Singh (Namdhari)
| referee = K. Ramdasan
}}

{{football box collapsible
| round = 18
| date = {{Start date|2024|03|10|df=y}}
| time = 14:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| team1 = Delhi
| score = 0–1
| report = https://theprint.in/sport/sreenidi-deccan-beat-delhi-fc-1-0/1995432
| team2 = [[Sreenidi Deccan FC|Sreenidi Deccan]]
| goals1 =
| goals2 = [[Lalromawia]] {{goal|23}}
| location = [[Bhaini Ala]]
| stadium = Namdhari Stadium
| attendance = 250
| result = L
| motm = [[Lalromawia]] (Sreenidi Deccan)
| referee = K. Lyngdoh Nongum
}}

{{football box collapsible
| round = 19
| date = {{Start date|2024|03|13|df=y}}
| time = 15:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| team1 = Delhi
| score = 0–2
| report = https://i-league.org/inter-kashi-two-good-for-delhi-fc
| team2 = [[Inter Kashi]]
| goals1 =
| goals2 =
* [[Tomba Singh Haobam|Haobam]] {{goal|76}}
* [[Peter Hartley (footballer)|Hartley]] {{goal|79}}
| location = [[Bhaini Ala]]
| stadium = Namdhari Stadium
| attendance =
| result = L
| motm = [[Peter Hartley (footballer)|Peter Hartley]] (Delhi)
| referee = Surojit Das
}}

{{football box collapsible
| round = 20
| date = {{Start date|2024|03|17|df=y}}
| time = 14:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| team1 = [[Real Kashmir FC|Real Kashmir]]
| score = 1–1
| report = https://www.dailyexcelsior.com/real-kashmir-draws-with-delhi-fc-in-i-league-clash
| team2 = Delhi
| goals1 = [[Gurtej Singh]] {{goal|52}}
| goals2 = Anwar Ali Sr {{goal|82|o.g.}}
| location = [[Srinagar]]
| stadium = [[TRC Turf Ground]]
| attendance = 1,635
| result = D
| motm = [[Gurtej Singh]] (Real Kashmir)
| referee = Jatinder Singh
}}

{{football box collapsible
| round = 21
| date = {{Start date|2024|03|23|df=y}}
| time = 19:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| team1 = [[Gokulam Kerala]]
| score = 0–2
| report = https://i-league.org/barbozas-double-strike-earns-full-points-for-delhi-fc
| team2 = Delhi
| goals1 =
| goals2 = [[Sérgio Barboza|Barboza]] {{goal|59||87}}
| location = [[Kozhikode]]
| stadium = [[Kozhikode Corporation EMS Stadium|EMS Stadium]]
| attendance = 1,100
| result = W
| motm = [[Sérgio Barboza]] (Delhi)
| referee = I. Jamal Mohamed
}}

{{football box collapsible
| round = 22
| date = {{Start date|2024|03|28|df=y}}
| time = 15:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| team1 = Delhi
| score = 3–1
| report = https://i-league.org/barboza-hat-trick-takes-delhi-fc-past-shillong-lajong
| team2 = [[Shillong Lajong FC|Shillong Lajong]]
| goals1 = [[Sérgio Barboza|Barboza]] {{goal|65|pen.|75||90+3}}
| goals2 = [[Allen Lyngdoh|Lyngdoh]] {{goal|90+5}}
| location = [[Bhaini Ala]]
| stadium = Namdhari Stadium
| attendance = 200
| result = W
| motm = [[Sérgio Barboza]] (Delhi)
| referee = Mrutyunjay Amatya
}}

{{football box collapsible
| round = 23
| date = {{Start date|2024|04|05|df=y}}
| time = 15:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| team1 = [[Rajasthan United FC|Rajasthan United]]
| score = 3–6
| report = https://i-league.org/delhi-fc-runaway-winners-against-rajasthan-united-fc
| team2 = Delhi
| goals1 =
* [[Richardson Denzell|Denzell]] {{goal|20||73}}
* [[Ragav Gupta|Gupta]] {{goal|90+3}}
| goals2 =
* [[Vinil Poojary|Poojary]] {{goal|8}}
* [[Alisher Kholmurodov|Kholmurodov]] {{goal|39}}
* [[Naorem Tondomba Singh|NT Singh]] {{goal|44}}
* [[Amritpal Singh (footballer)|A. Singh]] {{goal|65|o.g.|87|o.g.}}
* [[Hudson Dias|Dias]] {{goal|89}}
| location = [[Bhaini Ala]]
| stadium = Namdhari Stadium
| attendance = 200
| result = W
| motm = [[Hudson Jesus]] (Delhi)
| referee = Akashkumar Mehta
}}

{{football box collapsible
| round = 24
| date = {{Start date|2024|04|13|df=y}}
| time = 18:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| team1 = [[Mohammedan SC (Kolkata)|Mohammedan]]
| score = 1–3
| report = https://i-league.org/mohammedan-sporting-embrace-history-amidst-thunderous-cheers-at-yuba-bharati-krirangan
| team2 = Delhi
| goals1 = Mirjalol Kasimov {{goal|90+9}}
| goals2 =
* [[Alisher Kholmurodov|Kholmurodov]] {{goal|7}}
* [[Gwgwmsar Goyary|Goyary]] {{goal|31}}
* [[Sérgio Barboza|Barboza]] {{goal|90+8}}
| location = [[Naihati]]
| stadium = [[Bankimanjali Stadium|Naihati Stadium]]
| attendance = 24,678
| result = W
| motm = [[Alisher Kholmurodov]] (Delhi)
| referee = Jehrul Islam
}}

===Durand Cup===
{{Main|2023 Durand Cup}}

=== Group E ===
{{:2023 Durand Cup group stage|transcludesection=Group E|showteam=DEL}}

==== Matches ====
{{football box collapsible
| round = 1
| date = {{start date|2023|08|06|df=y}}
| time = 14.30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| team1 = [[Delhi FC|Delhi]]
| score = 1–1
| report = https://web.archive.org/web/20230806132654/https://administrator.the-aiff.com/reports/19695_Match_Summary_V1_1691320200.pdf
| team2 = [[Hyderabad FC|Hyderabad]]
| goals1 =
*[[Himanshu Jangra|Jangra]] {{goal|6}}
| goals2 =
*[[Ramhlunchhunga]] {{goal|57}}
| stadium = [[Indira Gandhi Athletic Stadium]]
| location = [[Guwahati]]
| attendance = 1,253
| motm = [[Ramhlunchhunga]] (Hyderabad)
| referee = Crystal John
| result = D
}}
{{football box collapsible
| round = 2
| date = {{start date|2023|08|09|df=y}}
| time = 14.30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| team1 = [[Delhi FC|Delhi]]
| score = 1–1
| report = https://i-league.org/match-details/?mid=19701
| team2 = {{flagicon|NEP}} [[Nepal Army Club|Tribhuvan Army]]
| goals1 =
*[[Girik Khosla|Khosla]] {{goal|88}}
| goals2 =
*D. Henjan {{goal|39}}
| stadium = SAI Stadium
| location = [[Kokrajhar]]
| attendance =
| motm =
| referee = Ashwin
| result = D
}}
{{football box collapsible
| round = 3
| date = {{start date|2023|08|18|df=y}}
| time = 15.00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| team1 = Delhi
| score = 1–2
| report = https://i-league.org/match-details/?mid=19717
| team2 = [[Chennaiyin FC|Chennaiyin]]
| goals1 = *[[Pape Gassama]] {{goal|54}}
| goals2 = *[[Rafael Crivellaro]] {{goal|38}}
*[[Vincy Barretto]] {{goal|51}}
| stadium = [[Indira Gandhi Athletic Stadium]]
| location = [[Guwahati]]
| attendance =
| motm = Vanlalhriatzuala K (Delhi FC)
| referee =
| result = L
}}

===Super Cup===
{{Main|2023–24 Indian Super Cup}}

==Statistics==
===Goalscorers===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center
|-
! style=background-color:#034694;color:#FFFFFF| Rank
! style=background-color:#034694;color:#FFFFFF| No.
! style=background-color:#034694;color:#FFFFFF| Pos.
! style=background-color:#034694;color:#FFFFFF| Nationality
! style=background-color:#034694;color:#FFFFFF| Player
! style=background-color:#034694;color:#FFFFFF| I League
! style=background-color:#034694;color:#FFFFFF| Durand Cup
! style=background-color:#034694;color:#FFFFFF| Total
|-
| rowspan="1"| 1
| 10
| FW
| {{flagicon|BRA}}
| [[Sérgio Barboza]]
| |12||0||'''12'''
|-
| rowspan="2"| 2
| 13
| FW
| {{flagicon|BRA}}
| [[Aroldo DA SILVA]]
| |3||0||'''3'''
|-
| 26
| MF
| {{flagicon|IND}}
| [[Gaurav Rawat]]
| |4||0||'''4'''
|-
| rowspan="3"| 4
| 4
| DF
| {{flagicon|TJK}}
| Alisher Kholmurodov
| |3||0||'''3'''
|-
| 16
| FW
| {{flagicon|BRA}}
| [[Hudson Jesus]]
| |3||0||'''3'''
|-
| 22
| FW
| {{flagicon|IND}}
| [[Bali Gagandeep]]
| |3||0||'''3'''
|-
| rowspan="3"| 7
| 3
| DF
| {{flagicon|IND}}
| [[Gurtej Singh]]
| |2||0||'''2'''
|-
| 15
| FW
| {{flagicon|IND}}
| [[Balwant Singh (footballer)|Balwant Singh]]
| |2||0||'''2'''
|-
| 25
| FW
| {{flagicon|UZB}}
| Shokhrukhbek Muratov
| |2||0||'''2'''
|-
| rowspan="8"| 10
| 9
| FW
| {{flagicon|IND}}
| [[Vinil Poojary]]
| |1||0||'''1'''
|-
| 11
| FW
| {{flagicon|IND}}
| [[Himanshu Jangra]]
| |0||1||'''1'''
|-
| 12
| MF
| {{flagicon|SEN}}
| [[Pape Gassama]]
| |0||1||'''1'''
|-
| 19
| DF
| {{flagicon|EGY}}
| Alaaeldin Nasr
| |1||0||'''1'''
|-
| 28
| MF
| {{flagicon|IND}}
| [[Naorem Tondomba Singh]]
| |1||0||'''1'''
|-
| 67
| MF
| {{flagicon|IND}}
| Rahul Rawat
| |1||0||'''1'''
|-
| 49
| FW
| {{flagicon|IND}}
| [[Girik Khosla]]
| |0||1||'''1'''
|-
|
| MF
| {{flagicon|IND}}
| Gwgwmsar Gayary
| |1||0||'''1'''
|-
|- class="sortbottom"
|colspan="5"| Own Goals ||4||0||'''4'''
|-
! colspan="5" | '''Totals'''||'''41'''||'''3'''|||'''44'''
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{2023–24 in Indian football}}

[[Category:Football in Delhi]]
[[Category:2023–24 I-League by team]]

Ladakh protests

2026-05-02T02:37:32Z

EveMagill33: started basic pg v1

{{Short description|Ongoing protests in Ladakh, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2025}}

{{Infobox civil conflict
| title = Ladakh protests
| subtitle =
| partof =
| image =
| caption =
| date = 2021–ongoing
| place = [[Ladakh]], India
| causes = {{blist|[[Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation Bill, 2019|Reorganisation act]] reconstituting Ladakh as a [[union territory]]|Loss of administrative autonomy|Unemployment}}
| goals = {{blist|Statehood to Ladakh|Inclusion of Ladakh in [[Sixth Schedule]]|Formation of the Ladakh Public Service Commission|Two parliamentary seats for Ladakh|Job reservation for locals}}
| methods = {{blist|Talks|[[Hunger strike]] and fasts|[[Political demonstration|Demonstrations]]|[[Student activism]]|Protests and marches|[[Arson]]}}
| result =
| fatalities = 4
| injuries = 87
| side1 = '''[[Ladakh]]'''
* Leh Apex Body (LAB)
* Kargil Democratic Alliance (KDA)
| side2 = '''[[Government of India]]'''
* [[Ministry of Home Affairs]]
** High-Powered Committee on Ladakh
| leadfigures1 =
| leadfigures2 =
}}
Demonstrations in [[Ladakh]], [[India]], has been ongoing since 2021, with protesters demanding constitutional safeguards for Ladakh in the form of statehood and inclusion in the [[Sixth Schedule to the Constitution of India|Sixth Schedule of the Indian Constitution]].<ref name="Hindu getting impatient"/> The local representative groups and the committee of the [[Government of India]] held several rounds of talks but they had been inconclusive. The demonstrations, protests and [[Fasting|fasts]] were held several times between 2023 and 2026. The protests turned violent in September 2025.<ref name="ht">{{Cite web |date=2025-09-24 |title=Why is Ladakh seeing youth-led protests? Four demands form core of violent unrest |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/why-ladakh-youth-led-protests-4-demands-form-core-of-unrest-arson-in-leh-bjp-office-burns-sonam-wangchuk-reacts-101758706387182.html |access-date=2025-09-24 |website=Hindustan Times}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{cite web |title=India Detains Popular Leader of Protest Movement |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2025/09/27/world/asia/india-ladakh-protests-sonam-wangchuk.html |website=New York Times |date=27 September 2025 |access-date=28 September 2025}}</ref>

==Background==
Ladakh is a high-altitude desert region with a population of 300,000 people, that borders both Pakistan and China. Around 47% of Ladakh's residents are [[Muslim]], while [[Buddhist]]s make up 40% of the population. Hindus form around 12%. <ref name=":0" /><ref>{{cite news |title=Protests in India's northern Ladakh region turn deadly |url=https://www.dw.com/en/protests-in-indias-northern-ladakh-region-turn-deadly/a-74125820 |work=Deutsche Welle |date=24 September 2025 |language=en}}</ref> India maintains a heavy troop presence in Ladakh, which includes [[Sino-Indian border dispute|disputed border]] regions with China.<ref name="BBC 25 Sep" />

In August 2019 [[Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation Act, 2019|Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation Act]] was passed by the [[Parliament of India]] which contained provisions to reconstitute Ladakh as a [[union territory]] without legislature, separate from the rest of [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]] on 31 October 2019, following the [[revocation of the special status of Jammu and Kashmir|abrogation of Article 370]].<ref name="AJ 2021">{{Cite web |last=Fareed |first=Rifat |title=Why India's Ladakh is witnessing growing discontent |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/12/17/india-ladakh-discontent-statehood-kashmir-china-pakistan-autonomy |access-date=2025-09-24 |website=Al Jazeera |language=en}}</ref> Under the terms of the act, the union territory is administered by a [[Lieutenant Governor of Ladakh|Lieutenant Governor]] acting on behalf of the union Government of India and does not have an elected legislative assembly or chief minister. Each district within the union territory continues to elect an [[autonomous district council]] as done previously.<ref name="dailyexcelsior.com">{{Cite news |work=[[Daily Excelsior]] |url=https://www.dailyexcelsior.com/lahdc-act-would-continue-and-the-amendments-of-2018-to-be-protected-governor/ |title=LAHDC Act would continue and the Amendments of 2018 to be protected: Governor |date=30 August 2019 |access-date=27 July 2020 |archive-date=2 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200802224355/https://www.dailyexcelsior.com/lahdc-act-would-continue-and-the-amendments-of-2018-to-be-protected-governor/ |url-status=live }}</ref> According to [[Al Jazeera English|Al Jazeera]], after the reorganisation, the autonomous district councils lost much of their administrative powers.<ref name="AJ why protests">{{Cite web |title=Why are people in India's Ladakh protesting, what are their demands? |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/3/11/why-are-people-in-indias-ladakh-protesting-against-central-government |access-date=2025-09-24 |website=Al Jazeera |language=en}}</ref>{{efn|It is hard to find direct evidence for this claim. But it appears that the Union Territory administration, being more influential, is able to override the autonomous district councils, and the government officials take it more seriously than the latter.<ref>Safwat Zargar, [https://scroll.in/article/968941/a-year-after-ladakh-celebrated-union-territory-status-the-mood-has-changed A year after Ladakh celebrated Union Territory status, the mood has changed], Scroll.in, 3 August 2020.</ref>}}

The Leh Apex Body (LAB) and the Kargil Democratic Alliance (KDA), both being the mix of socio-political and religious groups from Leh and Kargil respectively, had organised the agitation since 2021 for various demands including the statehood to Ladakh, the inclusion of Ladakh in [[Sixth Schedule]], the formation of the Ladakh Public Service Commission, and two parliamentary seats for Ladakh.<ref name="Hindu turns violent">{{Cite news |last=Ashiq |first=Peerzada |date=2025-09-24 |title=Ladakh statehood protest turns violent; BJP office in Leh attacked amid shutdown seeking for sixth schedule extension |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/clashes-erupt-in-ladakh-amid-shutdown-to-press-for-advancing-talks-with-centre/article70088013.ece |access-date=2025-09-24 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref name="HT why protests">{{Cite web |date=2025-09-24 |title=Why is Ladakh seeing youth-led protests? Four demands form core of violent unrest |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/why-ladakh-youth-led-protests-4-demands-form-core-of-unrest-arson-in-leh-bjp-office-burns-sonam-wangchuk-reacts-101758706387182.html |access-date=2025-09-24 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Hindu MHA calls">{{Cite news |last=Singh |first=Vijaita |date=2025-09-20 |title=MHA calls next round of talks on Ladakh on October 6 |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/ladakh/mha-calls-next-round-of-talks-on-ladakh-on-october-6/article70074890.ece |access-date=2025-09-24 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref name="Hindu getting impatient">{{Cite news |last=Singh |first=Vijaita |date=2025-09-22 |title=People getting impatient, matters can go out of hand: Ladakh protest leader |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/ladakh/people-getting-impatient-matters-can-go-out-of-hand-ladakh-protest-leader/article70081380.ece |access-date=2025-09-24 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> Other demands are concerned with local identity and culture, local languages, environmental issues and employment.<ref name="Outlook Tashi Gyalson">{{Cite web |date=2025-07-25 |title=No Need For Protests When Centre Is Listening: CEC LAHDC Tashi Gyalson |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/national/interview-with-lahdc-chief-tashi-gyalson-ladakh-statehood-sixth-schedule-demand-protests |access-date=2025-09-24 |website=Outlook India |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Diplomat disillusioned">{{Cite web |title=Disillusioned, Ladakh Turns to Protests |url=https://thediplomat.com/2023/02/disillusioned-ladakh-turns-to-protests/ |access-date=2025-09-24 |website=thediplomat.com |language=en-US}}</ref>

During [[2020 Ladakh Autonomous Hill Development Council, Leh election|2020 Hill Council elections]], the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP) had promised the inclusion of Ladakh in Sixth Schedule. The Central Government has been led by the BJP since 2014.<ref name="NIE 2023">{{Cite web |agency=PTI |date=2023-02-16 |title=Hundreds of Ladakhis protest in Delhi, demand statehood, sixth schedule status |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/delhi/2023/Feb/16/hundreds-of-ladakhis-protest-in-delhi-demand-statehood-sixth-schedule-status-2548020.html |access-date=2025-09-24 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

==Protests and talks==

=== 2021—22 ===
The LAB and KDA were formed and they joined hands to represent their demands. In December 2021, the shutdown was observed across Ladakh. The Central Government promised the talks but none held for months. The LAB and KDA held protests in Leh and Kargil in November 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-11-07 |title=Now Ladakh sees protests over statehood, Leh and Kargil set aside differences to pressure Centre |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/political-pulse/ladakh-protests-statehood-leh-kargil-set-aside-differences-pressure-centre-8254714/ |access-date=2025-09-24 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-11-02 |title=Ladakh Residents March in Protest Demanding Statehood |url=https://www.newsclick.in/Ladakh-Residents-March-Protest-Demanding-Statehood}}</ref><ref name="AJ 2021" />

=== 2023 ===
In January 2023, activist [[Sonam Wangchuk (engineer)|Sonam Wangchuck]] held a five-day fast in subzero temperatures to highlight the environmental impacts by proposed mining and industrial plans.<ref name="AJ why protests" /> The LAB and KDA held the protests together in January.<ref name="Diplomat disillusioned" /> They also held protests in Delhi in February.<ref name="NIE 2023" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-02-16 |title=Protesters From Ladakh Arrive in Delhi to Demand Statehood, Constitutional Safeguards |url=https://thewire.in/rights/ladakh-protest-delhi-statehood |access-date=2025-09-24 |website=thewire.in}}</ref>

The High-Powered Committee (HPC) on Ladakh under the [[Ministry of Home Affairs]] of the Central Government was formed in January 2023 to hold the talks.<ref name="Hindu getting impatient" /><ref name="NIE 2023" /> Several rounds of the talks were held between the HPC and the representatives of the LAB and the KDA.<ref name="HT why protests" /><ref name="Hindu turns violent" />

=== 2024 ===
On 3 February and 6 March 2024, hundreds of people led by LAB and KDA demonstrated in Leh. Wangchuck held a 21-day fast unto death in March.<ref name="AJ why protests" /><ref>{{Cite news |author=Sumeda |date=2024-02-14 |title=Explained: Why has Ladakh turned to mass protests in freezing temperatures |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/ladakh-protests-meeting-cold-statehood-sixth-schedule-explainer-kargil-demands-shutdown/article67824047.ece |access-date=2025-09-24 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> By March 2024, nine rounds of the talks had remained inconclusive.<ref name="AJ why protests" />

More than 100 people from Ladakh associated with LAB and KDA including Wangchuck started a 1000-km march to Delhi in from 1 September 2024 for highlighting the environmental issues and constitutional demands. Near the border of Delhi, they were detained by the [[Delhi Police]] on 1 October 2024 for violating the assembly prohibitions under Section 163 of the [[Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023|BNSS]].<ref>{{Cite web |agency=PTI |date=2024-10-01 |title=Sonam Wangchuk among 120 people detained while marching to Delhi |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/sonam-wangchuk-delhi-border-detained-ladakh-protest-sixth-amendment-2609064-2024-10-01 |access-date=2025-09-24 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Ladakh's March to New Delhi: We've Less Than Five Years Before Things Go Irreversible, Says Sonam Wangchuk |url=https://thewire.in/environment/ladakhs-march-to-new-delhi-weve-less-than-five-years-before-things-go-irreversible-says-sonam-wangchuk |access-date=2025-09-24 |website=The Wire |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Singh |first=Vijaita |date=2024-09-30 |title=Delhi Chalo Padayatra: Sonam Wangchuk, others detained at Delhi border |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/march-by-men-and-women-from-ladakh-stopped-on-delhi-border/article68703070.ece |access-date=2025-09-24 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

=== 2025 ===
The talks were held in March and May 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-09-24 |title=Stone pelting, tear gas, lathi-charge: Ladakh on edge as protest over statehood turns violent |url=https://theprint.in/india/governance/stone-pelting-tear-gas-lathi-charge-ladakh-on-edge-as-protest-over-statehood-turns-violent/2750052/ |access-date=2025-09-24 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name="Hindu getting impatient" /> The Central Government accepted and notified draft rules: 85% reservation for locals, requirement of 15-year residency for domicile status, 33% reservation for women in hill councils, and recognition of five official languages.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-06-04 |title=New quota, domicile rules in Ladakh plan |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/new-quota-domicile-rules-in-ladakh-plan-101748976407775.html |access-date=2025-09-24 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Outlook Tashi Gyalson" />

On 10 September 2025, the LAB initiated a 35-day hunger strike in support of the demands. Total 15 people started the fast.<ref name="HT why protests" /> Wangchuck also went on the hunger strike.<ref name="HT 24 Sep">{{Cite web |date=2025-09-24 |title=Ladakh protest live updates: Prohibitory orders imposed in Leh after arson, clashes during statehood agitation |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/ladakh-leh-protest-statehood-news-live-updates-bjp-sonam-wangchuk-gen-z-sixth-schedule-101758706055036.html |access-date=2025-09-24 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref> On 20 September, the next round of talks between HPC and LAB as well as KDA were scheduled for 6 October in New Delhi. Wangchuck rejected the talks, calling them "unilateral" and delayed, and demanded "result-oriented" negotiations at the earliest.<ref name="Hindu turns violent" /><ref name="Hindu getting impatient" /><ref name="Hindu MHA calls" />

Two people of the 15 people on hunger strike were hospitalized on 23 September after their health deteriorated. So the youth wing of the LAB called for the shutdown and protest on 24 September 2025 in [[Leh]]. The protest turned violent and the protesters pelted stones, arsoned, clashed with the police and burned down the BJP office in Leh. The police fired [[teargas]] shells and carried out baton charge to disperse the protesters.<ref name="Hindu turns violent" /><ref name="HT 24 Sep" /> At least 4 people were killed and about 50 were injured including 30 police personnel when "police had to resort to firing".<ref>{{cite news |title=At least four killed in protests for statehood in India's Ladakh, sources say |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/india/least-four-killed-protests-indias-ladakh-over-statehood-demand-sources-say-2025-09-24/ |work=Reuters |date=25 September 2025}}</ref><ref name="HT 24 Sep" /> The [[curfew]] was imposed under Section 163 of the BNSS in Leh and the ongoing Ladakh festival was cancelled.<ref name="HT 24 Sep" /><ref name="BBC 25 Sep">{{Cite web |date=2025-09-25 |title=India imposes curfew in Ladakh after statehood protests turn violent |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cr5qzp7mq7qo |access-date=2025-09-25 |website=www.bbc.com |language=en-GB}}</ref> Following violence, Wangchuk ended his 15-day fasts and appealed for peace.<ref name="Hindu turns violent" /><ref name="BBC 25 Sep" />

The KDA called for a shutdown on 25 September in the support.<ref name="Hindu turns violent" /><ref name="BBC 25 Sep" /> The curfew in Leh, Kargil and other major parts of Ladakh continued from 25 September. All educational institutes were closed in Leh. Internet services were shut down. On 26 September, Wangchuk was detained under [[National Security Act (India)|National Security Act]] and lodged in [[Jodhpur]] Central Jail. More than 60 people including 2 councillors were arrested.<ref>https://www.telegraphindia.com/amp/india/curfew-internet-ban-remain-in-force-in-leh-preparations-underway-for-last-rites-of-violence-victims/cid/2125503</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Ashiq |first=Peerzada |date=2025-09-26 |title=Ladakh Statehood activist Sonam Wangchuk detained under NSA in Leh |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/ladakh/climate-activist-sonam-wangchuk-arrested-in-leh/article70097428.ece |access-date=2025-09-26 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> The LAB pulled out of informal talk on 30 September as well as formal 6 October talks with the Central Government citing the negative campaign against their agitation, demand for investigation in deaths and release of their arrested leaders.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-09-29 |title=Talks on Ladakh hit a wall as Leh body pulls out, Kargil to 'follow' |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/political-pulse/apex-body-leh-protests-sonam-wangchuk-10278433/ |access-date=2025-09-29 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> Next day, the KDA also pulled out of talks too.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-10-01 |title=After Ladakh group, Kargil bloc quits talks, sets conditions |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/after-ladakh-group-kargil-bloc-quits-talks-sets-conditions/articleshow/124256568.cms |access-date=2025-10-28 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> Both groups resumed talks with the central government on 22 October which included the judicial inquiry in the 24 September violence. The curfew was lifted in Leh as well as Kargil after three weeks but were imposed again from 17 to 24 October.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Restrictions on public gatherings withdrawn in Ladakh |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/j-k/restrictions-on-public-gatherings-withdrawn-in-ladakh/ |access-date=2025-10-28 |website=The Tribune |language=en}}</ref>

=== 2026 ===
The talks with Central Government on 4 February remained inconclusive.<ref name=":1">{{Cite news |date=2026-05-02 |title=‘Everything will be alright’: Amit Shah meets Ladakh leaders, including Sonam Wangchuk, ahead of talks |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/amit-shah-meets-ladakh-leaders-ahead-of-talks-says-everything-will-be-alright/articleshow/130694771.cms |access-date=2026-05-02 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> Wangchuk was released on 14 March, after 170 days of detention. Other activists remained in the detention.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2026-03-18 |title=Nothing at all: On Sonam Wangchuk’s release, Ladakh |url=https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/editorial/nothing-at-all-on-sonam-wangchuks-release-ladakh/article70754083.ece |access-date=2026-04-29 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> The protest rallies were organised and shutdown was called for by the LAB and the KDA on 16 March.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Ashiq |first=Peerzada |date=2026-03-16 |title=Shutdown, protest rallies in Ladakh over Statehood, Sixth Schedule demands |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/ladakh/shutdown-protest-rallies-in-ladakh-over-statehood-sixth-schedule-demands/article70749757.ece |access-date=2026-04-29 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> [[Amit Shah]], the [[Minister of Home Affairs (India)|Minister of Home Affairs]], visited Ladakh on 30 April and 1 May and met Ladakhi leaders.<ref name=":1" /> The next round of talk with the Central Government is scheduled for 22 May.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Centre–Ladakh talks to resume on May 22; impasse ends ahead of Amit Shah's visit |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/ladakh/centreladakh-talks-to-resume-on-may-22-impasse-ends-ahead-of-amit-shahs-visit-3981631 |access-date=2026-04-29 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref>

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ladakh protest, 2025}}
[[Category:2025 protests]]
[[Category:2025 riots]]
[[Category:2025 in India|Protests]]
[[Category:2020s political riots]]
[[Category:September 2025 in Asia]]
[[Category:Attacks on buildings and structures in 2025]]
[[Category:Protests in India|2025]]
[[Category:Riots and civil disorder in India]]
[[Category:Gen Z protests]]
[[Category:History of Ladakh]]
[[Category:2020s protests]]

Preity Mukhundhan

2026-04-30T14:26:12Z

EveMagill33: Adding Pg - done

{{Short description|Indian actress}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2018}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Preity Mukhundhan
| image =
| caption =
| birth_name = 
| birth_date =
| birth_place = [[Tiruchirappalli]], [[Tamil Nadu]], India
| alma_mater = [[National Institute of Technology Tiruchirappalli]]
| occupation = {{hlist
|Actress
|Model
|Dancer
}}
| years_active = 2022–present
}}

'''Preity Mukhundhan''' is an Indian actress, model and dancer who primarily works in [[Telugu language|Telugu]], [[Tamil language|Tamil]] and [[Malayalam language|Malayalam]] language films.

==Early life==
Preity was born in [[Tiruchirappalli]], [[Tamil Nadu]].<ref name="mm">{{Cite web |date=2025-03-07 |title=Preity Mukhundan Web Stories |url=https://www.manoramaonline.com/web-stories/movies/2025/03/07/actress-preity-mukhundhan-alluring-pictures.html |access-date=2025-08-15 |website=[[Malayala Manorama]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Nyayapati |first=Neeshita |date=2024-12-03 |title=Preity Mukhundhan talks about how life has changed from Aasa Kooda to Morni: ‘It's surreal I get to live this dream’ |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/telugu-cinema/preity-mukhundhan-interview-aasa-kooda-morni-kannappa-101733135332031.html |access-date=2025-08-15 |website=[[Hindustan Times]]}}</ref> She pursued her [[Bachelor of Technology|B.Tech]] in Electronics and Communication Engineering (ECE) from [[National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=S. K. |first=Sudheesh |date=2024-07-30 |title=Spotlight on Preity Mukhundhan:The Face of Aasa Kooda |url=https://www.radiocity.in/photos/spotlight-on-preity-mukhundhan-the-face-of-aasa-kooda--4494 |access-date=2025-08-15 |website=[[Radio City (Indian radio station)|Radio City]]}}</ref>
==Career==
Preity made her film debut in the [[Telugu cinema|Telugu]]-language [[horror comedy]] film ''[[Om Bheem Bush]]''.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Dundoo |first=Sangeetha Devi |date=2024-03-22 |title=‘Om Bheem Bush’ movie review: More than spooky hilarity and bromance |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/om-bheem-bush-movie-review-sree-vishnu-priyadarshi-and-rahul-ramakrishnas-film-is-more-than-spooky-hilarity-and-bromance/article67979650.ece |access-date=2024-12-18 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> She played one of the leads in the 2024 [[Tamil cinema|Tamil]]-language [[Coming-of-age story|coming-of-age]] [[Romance film|romantic]] [[Drama (film and television)|drama film]] [[Star (2024 Indian film)|''Star'']] opposite [[Kavin (actor)|Kavin]] and directed by [[Elan (director)|Elan]].<ref name=":1">{{cite news |title=Star: The first look of Preity Mukundhan engages the audience |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/star-first-look-of-preity-mukhundhan-engages-the-audience/articleshow/107423271.cms |website=The Times of India |date=5 February 2024 |access-date=5 February 2024}}</ref>

Apart from her modelling and film careers, Preity had also appeared in the music videos of [[Teejay Arunasalam]]'s song "Muttu Mu2" in 2022 featuring [[Yogi B]] & [[Sivaangi Krishnakumar]], as well as [[Sai Abhyankkar]]'s song "Aasa Kooda" in 2024.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=After the global chartbuster Katchi Sera, Sai Abhyankkar is back with a breezy romantic track Aasa Kooda. Watch |url=https://mirchi.in/stories/music/sai-abhyankkars-aasa-kooda-is-out-now-watch/110986330 |access-date=20 June 2024 |website=mirchi.in |language=en}}</ref>

==Filmography==
{{Pending films key}}
===Films===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year !! Title !! Role !! Language !! Notes !!Ref.
|-
| rowspan=2 | 2024 || ''[[Om Bheem Bush]]'' || Jalaja || [[Telugu language|Telugu]]|| Telugu debut ||
|-
| ''[[Star (2024 Indian film)|Star]]'' || Meera Malarkodi || [[Tamil language|Tamil]]|| Tamil debut ||<ref name=":1" />
|-
| rowspan=3 | 2025 || ''[[Kannappa (film)|Kannappa]]'' || Nemali || Telugu || ||<ref>{{cite news |title=Preity Mukhundhan joins the cast of Vishnu Manchu's Kannappa |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/preity-mukhundhan-joins-the-cast-of-vishnu-manchus-kannappa/articleshow/106010516.cms |access-date=15 December 2023 |website=The Times of India|date=15 December 2023 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last= |first= |date=2024-12-31 |title=‘Kannappa’: First look of Preity Mukundhan as Princess Nemali out |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/kannappa-first-look-of-preity-mukundhan-as-princess-nemali-out/article69045949.ece |access-date=2025-01-04 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Maine Pyar Kiya (2025 film)|Maine Pyar Kiya]]'' || Nidhi || rowspan="2" | [[Malayalam]]|| Malayalam debut ||<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.news18.com/movies/preity-mukhundhan-to-make-her-malayalam-debut-with-maine-pyar-kiya-9036391.html | title=Preity Mukhundhan to Make Her Malayalam Debut with Maine Pyar Kiya | date=2 September 2024 }}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Sarvam Maya]]'' || Saadhya || ||<ref>{{cite web|title=Nivin Pauly’s fantasy movie ‘Sarvam Maya’ locks its release date|website=Onmanorama|url=https://www.onmanorama.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/2025/11/20/nivin-pauly-sarvam-maya-movie-release-date-locked.html}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan=3 | 2026 || {{pending film| Idhayam Murali}} || {{TableTBA}} || Tamil || Post-production||<ref>{{Cite news |last= |first= |date=2025-02-14 |title=Atharvaa’s next titled ‘Idhayam Murali’; teaser out |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/atharvaa-next-titled-idhayam-murali-aakash-baskaran-preity-mukundhan-kayadu/article69218820.ece |access-date=2025-02-14 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
|-
| {{Pending film | Emo Emo Idi}} || Apurva || Telugu || Filming||<ref>{{Cite news |date=2026-02-14 |title=‘Emo Emo Idi’ teaser: Roshan Meka and Preity Mukhundhan star in the upcoming Sailesh Kolanu’s romance drama |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/emo-emo-idi-teaser-roshan-meka-and-preity-mukhundhan-star-in-the-upcoming-sailesh-kolanus-romance-drama/articleshow/128343303.cms |access-date=2026-02-15 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
| {{Pending film | Dashamakan}} || {{TableTBA}} || Tamil || Filming ||<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-02-17 |title=Harish Kalyan steals the show in ‘Rap Battle’ song from Dashamakan |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2026/Feb/17/harish-kalyan-steals-the-show-in-rap-battle-song-from-dashamakan |access-date=2026-04-17 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|2027
|{{Pending film| Naagzilla}}
|{{TableTBA}}
|[[Hindi]]
|Hindi debut
|<ref>{{Cite news |date=2026-03-05 |title=Preity Mukhundhan to make her Bollywood debut in Naagzilla; only 7 days of shooting left for Kartik Aaryan's fantasy comedy |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/Hindi/movies/news/Naagzilla-kartik-aryan-and-preity-mukhundhan-star-in-the-upcoming-karan-johar-supernatural-thriller-romantic-drama/articleshow/128343303.cms |access-date=2026-03-05|work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
|}

=== Music videos ===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year !! Song
!Artist(s)!! Language
!Label
!Ref.
|-
|2022 || "Muttu Mu2"
|[[Teejay Arunasalam]], [[Yogi B]], [[Sivaangi Krishnakumar]]|| rowspan="2" | Tamil
|[[Divo (record label)|Divo Music]]
|
|-
|rowspan="2"|2024 || "Aasa Kooda"
|[[Sai Abhyankkar]], Sai Smriti
|[[Think Music|Think Music India]]
|<ref name=":3" />
|-
|"Morni" || [[Badshah (rapper)|Badshah]], Sharvi Yadav || Hindi || [[Saregama|Saregama Music]] ||
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb name|15236379|Preity Mukhundhan}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mukhundhan, Preity}}
[[Category:Indian film actresses]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Actresses in Tamil cinema]]
[[Category:2001 births]]
[[Category:Actresses in Telugu cinema]]
[[Category:Actresses in Malayalam cinema]]

Abdul Malik (politician)

2026-04-24T12:23:58Z

EveMagill33: made basic bio initial version

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Orphan|date=June 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Abdul Malik
| office = Member of the [[Bihar Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start = 1995
| term_end = 2000
| party = [[Janata Dal]]
| predecessor = [[Bashistha Narain Singh]]
| successor = [[Amrendra Pratap Singh]]
| constituency = [[Ara Assembly constituency|Ara]]
}}

'''Abdul Malik''' is an Indian politician who served as a Member of the [[Bihar Legislative Assembly]] from the [[Ara Assembly constituency]] in 1995<ref>{{Cite web |title=Abdul Malik winner in Arrah, Bihar Assembly Elections 1995 |url=https://www.latestly.com/elections/assembly-elections/bihar/1995/arrah/ |access-date=2023-05-11 |website=LatestLY |language=en}}</ref> being associated with the [[Janata Dal]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-10-09 |title=Arrah Assembly Seat: आरा विधानसभा सीट के पिछले नतीजे ।। Bihar Election 2020 |url=https://bihar.punjabkesari.in/national/news/arrah-assembly-seat-results-2015-2010-2005-bihar-election-2020-1257549 |access-date=2023-05-11 |website=Punjabkesari}}</ref> He was made minister of Information and Broadcasting department.<ref>{{Cite web |title=नया समीकरण देख बनायी नयी रणनीति |url=https://www.prabhatkhabar.com/state/bihar/bhojpur/547604 |access-date=2023-05-11 |website=Prabhat Khabar |date=4 October 2015 |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=आरा विधानसभा सीट: बिहार चुनाव 2020 में बदले समीकरण में फिर इस सीट पर होगी भाजपा की नजर |url=https://www.livehindustan.com/assembly-elections/bihar-election-2020/story-ara-assembly-seat-bjp-eye-will-be-in-new-equation-again-in-bihar-assembly-elections-2020-on-this-seat-3439789.html |access-date=2023-05-11 |website=Hindustan |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-09-16 |title=बिहार चुनाव : क्या आरा की सीट पर बीजेपी के तिलिस्म को तोड़ पाएगा महागठबंधन ? |url=https://hindi.news18.com/news/bihar/jehanabad-will-mahagathbandhan-candidate-break-the-record-of-bjp-at-ara-seat-833235.html |access-date=2023-05-11 |website=News18 हिंदी |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Qadri |first=Syed Rahmat Kareem |date=2023-05-11 |title=पहले चुनाव जीत कर ही मंत्री बन गए थे अब्दुल मलिक |url=https://biharbandhu.in/history/abdul-malik-became-a-minister-only-after-winning-the-first-election/ |access-date=2023-05-11 |website=BiharBandhu.in |language=en-US}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Malik, Abdul}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Politicians from Bihar]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian politicians]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

{{Bihar-politician-stub}}

Jasobanta Dasa

2026-04-22T15:53:44Z

EveMagill33: started initial entry w/ infobox

{{Short description|Odia poet and philosopher (born 1487)}}
{{Infobox writer
| name = Jasobanta Dasa
| honorific_prefix = Mahapurusha
| honorific_suffix =
| native_name = ଯଶୋବନ୍ତ ଦାସ
| native_name_lang = or
| image = Mahapurusha Jasobanta Dasa.jpg
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption = Gadi of Mahapurusa Jasobanta Dasa
| pseudonym =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = 1487<ref name="Das 2010 p. 26">{{cite book | last=Das | first=S. | title=Lord Jagannath | publisher=Sanbun Publishers | year=2010 | isbn=978-93-80213-22-4 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gFn8wSDfSxEC&pg=PA26 | access-date=2019-10-09 | page=26}}</ref><ref name="Lal1992">{{cite book|author=Mohan Lal|title=Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature: sasay to zorgot|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KnPoYxrRfc0C&pg=PA4628|access-date=19 December 2012|year=1992|publisher=Sahitya Akademi|isbn=978-81-260-1221-3|pages=4628–}}</ref>
| birth_place = Adhanga, [[Jagatsinghpur]], [[Odisha]]<ref name="Praharaj 2016 P.6782">{{cite web | last=Praharaj | first=Gopal Chandra | title=Purnachandra Odia Bhashakosha by Gopal Chandra Praharaj (Preface + All 7 Volumes) : Gopal Chandra Praharaj : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming : Internet Archive | website=Internet Archive | date=2016-10-23 | url=https://archive.org/details/Purnachandra.Odia.Bhashakosha.Complete | access-date=2019-10-09|pages=6782}}</ref>
| death_date =
| death_place =
| resting_place =
| occupation = Poet
| language = [[Odia Language|Odia]]
| nationality =
| citizenship =
| education =
| alma_mater =
| period = [[Bhakti movement|Bhakti age]]
| genre = Poetry,Ballads 
| subject = Mythology,Philosophy 
| movement =
| notableworks = Gobindachandra Tika, Prema Bhakti Brahma Gita<ref name="Paniker Sahitya Akademi 1997 p. 409">{{cite book | last=Paniker | first=K.A. | author2=Sahitya Akademi | title=Medieval Indian Literature: Surveys and selections | publisher=Sahitya Akademi | year=1997 | isbn=978-81-260-0365-5 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KYLpvaKJIMEC&pg=PA409 | access-date=2019-10-09 | page=409}}</ref><ref name="Mukherjee 1981 p. 85-86">{{cite book | last=Mukherjee | first=P. | title=The History of Medieval Vaishnavism in Orissa | publisher=Asian Educational Services | year=1981 | isbn=978-81-206-0229-8 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7LFzfbhmJcMC&pg=PA85 | access-date=2019-10-09 | pages=85–86}}</ref>
| spouse = Anjana Devi
| partner =
| children =
| relatives =
| awards =
| signature =
| signature_alt =
| years_active =
| module =
| website =
| portaldisp = 
}}

''Mahapurusa'' '''Jasobanta Dasa''' ({{IPA|or|d͡ʒɔsobɔnt̪ɔ d̪aːsɔ|lang|LL-Q33810 (ori)-Prateek Pattanaik-ଯଶୋବନ୍ତ ଦାସ.wav}}; born {{circa|1487}}) was an [[Oriya poetry|Odia poet]], [[litterateur]] and mystic, best known as the author of the treatise ''Premabhakti Brahmagita''. He was one of the five great poets in [[Odia literature]], the ''Panchasakha'' named [[Ananta Dasa]], [[Jagannatha Dasa (Odia poet)|Jagannatha Dasa]], [[Balarama Dasa]] and [[Achyutananda Dasa]] during the [[Bhakti movement|Bhakti age]] of literature.<ref name="Mukherjee 1981 p. 85-86" />

== Early life ==
Early life of Jasobanta is mainly sourced from the work ''Jasobanta Dasanka Chaurashi Agyan'' (Eighty-four arts of Jasobanta Dasa) by one of his disciples Sudarshan Das.<ref name="Mukherjee 1981 p. 85-86" /> He was born at village Nandigrama of Adhangagarh, [[Jagatsinghpur]], part of undivided [[Cuttack District]] in a [[Khandayat (caste)|Khandayat kshatriya]] family.<ref name="Lal1992" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=The Pancha Sakha Poets {{!}} Balarama Dasa |url=https://www.amarchitrakatha.com/history_details/the-pancha-sakha-poets/?srsltid=AfmBOopFBPaZCptZ_Yht2ANF_RcCxQB2NmmCdPukXvqaDQ3kL6K6GSI0 |access-date=2025-04-02 |website=Amar Chitra Katha |language=en-US}}</ref> His father's name was Ballabhadra Mahanayak and his mother's name was Rekha Devi.<ref name="Mukherjee 1981 p. 85-86" /> He wed Anjana Devi, the sister of Adhangagarh’s king Raghunath Champattiray. He later took sannyasa and travelled to numerous holy places throughout [[India]], where he attained mystic powers and gained the ability to change his form at will. He chanted and taught the Shyama mula mantra.

Govinda chandra, Shiva sarodaya, Sasti mala, Prema bhakti, Brahma gita, Atma pariche gita, a Malika, and several bhajans were among his works. Govinda chandra became extremely popular in Assam, Bengal, and northern India; it is primarily associated with traditional dance and dance instruction, both of which are associated with the Vaishnava tradition. Lohi Das was his most devoted disciple. He dismembered himself on Margasira sukla Sasti.

== Literary works ==
A list of his known works is as below.

* Gobinda Chandra
* Prema Bhakti Brahma Gita
* Siba Swarodaya
* Bhavishya [[Maalika]] (being one of the Panchasakhas)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bhavishya Malika Articles |url=https://en.bhavishyamalika.com/ |website=Bhavishya Maalika}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Odissi music}}
{{Jagannath}}
{{Odia literature}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Dasa, Jasobanta}}
[[Category:Poets from Odisha]]
[[Category:Indian male poets]]
[[Category:Odia-language poets]]
[[Category:Odia people]]
[[Category:15th-century Indian poets]]
[[Category:Devotees of Jagannath]]
[[Category:1480s births]]
[[Category:Odissi music composers]]
[[Category:Vaishnava saints]]
[[Category:15th-century Hindu religious leaders]]
https://historyofodisha.in/pancha-sakhas-of-medieval-odisha/

Pamela Bhutoria

2026-04-22T13:18:49Z

EveMagill33: Adding A Data

{{Short description|Indian actress, emcee, model and voiceover artist}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Pamela Bhutoria
| image = File:Pamela Bhutoria at IBWM 2025-26.jpg
| caption = Bhutoria in 2025
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1989|07|31}}
| occupation = Actress, model, emcee
| years_active = 2011–present
| notable_works = Kahaani, Maach Mishti & More, Saheb Biwi Aur Gangster 3, Bapi Bari Jaa
}}

'''Pamela Bhutoria''' is an Indian actress, emcee, model and voiceover artist. She has appeared in several Bollywood and Bengali movies and ad campaigns - the latest being [[Urf Ghanta]]. She started her acting career with the Bengali movie, [[Paglu]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2010-09-17 |title=The buzz doing the round is that Kolkata model Pamela Singh Bhutoria has been roped in by director Rajib for his film Paglu. We hear, the model will share the screen space with none other than Tollywood heartthrob Dev. |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/the-buzz-doing-the-round-is-that-kolkata-model-pamela-singh-bhutoria-has-been-roped-in-by-director-rajib-for-his-film-paglu-we-hear-the-model-will-share-the-screen-space-with-none-other-than-tollywood-heartthrob-dev-/articleshow/6572813.cms |access-date=2024-10-18 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> Top-grossing movies like [[Kahaani|Kahani]], [[Saheb, Biwi Aur Gangster 3|Saheb Biwi Aur Gangster 3]], [[Maach Mishti & More]] catapulted her to the limelight.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pamela Singh Bhutoria |url=https://blackhattalent.com/talent/book-pamela-singh-bhutoria/ |access-date=2024-10-18 |website=Black Hat |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-07-27 |title=EXCLUSIVE! Saheb, Biwi Aur Gangster 3 actress Pamela Singh Bhutoria talks about her experience in the industry |url=https://www.bollywoodlife.com/interviews/exclusive-saheb-biwi-aur-gangster-3-actress-pamela-singh-bhutoria-talks-about-her-experience-in-the-industry-1249156/ |access-date=2024-10-18 |website=Bollywood Life |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title='It's no less than an award': 'Kahani' actress Pamela Singh on sharing screen space with Amitabh Bachchan |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/bollywood/report-it-s-no-less-than-an-award-kahani-actress-pamela-singh-on-sharing-screen-space-with-amitabh-bachchan-2650851 |access-date=2024-10-18 |work=DNA |language=en}}</ref>

== Filmography ==
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="margin:auto; width:100%;"
|-
! Year !! Film !! Director !! Roles(s) !! Language
|-
| 2011|| [[Paglu]]<ref>{{Cite news |date=2010-09-17 |title=The buzz doing the round is that Kolkata model Pamela Singh Bhutoria has been roped in by director Rajib for his film Paglu. We hear, the model will share the screen space with none other than Tollywood heartthrob Dev. |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/the-buzz-doing-the-round-is-that-kolkata-model-pamela-singh-bhutoria-has-been-roped-in-by-director-rajib-for-his-film-paglu-we-hear-the-model-will-share-the-screen-space-with-none-other-than-tollywood-heartthrob-dev-/articleshow/6572813.cms |access-date=2024-10-18 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>|| [[Rajiv Kumar Biswas]] || || [[Bengali language|Bengali]]
|-
|2012
|[[Kahaani]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pamela Singh shares screen with Big B |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/life-style/pamela-singh-shares-screen-with-big-b-633740/ |access-date=2024-10-18 |website=The Tribune |language=en}}</ref>
|[[Sujoy Ghosh]]
|Sapna
|[[Hindi]]
|-
|2012
|[[Bapi Bari Jaa]]<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://watch.plex.tv/movie/bapi-bari-jaa |title=Bapi Bari Jaa |date=2012-12-07 |language=en |access-date=2024-10-18 |via=watch.plex.tv}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2017-01-11 |title=Bapi Bari Ja's cast had a blast |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/bapi-bari-jas-cast-had-a-blast/articleshow/10765656.cms |access-date=2024-10-18 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|[[Sudeshna Roy]], [[Abhijit Guha (director)|Abhijit Guha]]
|Tia
|Bengali
|-
|2013
|[[Maach Mishti & More|Maach, Mishti & More]]<ref>{{Cite news |title=Maach Mishti & More Movie Review |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movie-reviews/maach-mishti-more/movie-review/17910719.cms |access-date=2024-10-18 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|[[Mainak Bhaumik]]
|
|Bengali
|-
|2014
|[[Taan]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-04-04 |title=Taan (Bengali) / Good story marred by bad direction |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/screen/taan-bengali-good-story-marred-by-bad-direction/ |access-date=2024-10-18 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>
|Mukul Roy Chowdhury
|Lisa
|Bengali
|-
|2018
|[[Saheb, Biwi Aur Gangster 3]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Saheb, Biwi Aur Gangster 3: Sanjay Dutt, Jimmy Sheirgill And Cast Are Upto Scratch, Expected Firestorm Missing |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/saheb-biwi-aur-gangster-3-movie-review-led-by-sanjay-dutt-and-jimmy-sheirgill-cast-are-upto-scratch-1890555 |access-date=2024-10-18 |website=www.ndtv.com |language=en}}</ref>
|[[Tigmanshu Dhulia]]
|Deepal
|Hindi
|-
|2021
|[[Urf Ghanta]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Urf Ghanta Movie (2021) {{!}} Release Date, Cast, Trailer, Songs, Streaming Online at Airtel Xstream, Prime Video |url=https://www.digit.in/digit-binge/movies/urf-ghanta-770484.html |access-date=2024-10-18 |website=www.digit.in |language=en}}</ref>
|Aayush Saxena
|Jagmeera
|Hindi
|-
|2023
|Ghuspaith Between Borders<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-10-17 |title=Ghuspaith–Beyond Borders Review: The short film is a moving tale told with sincerity |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/life/entertainment/ghuspaithbeyond-borders-review-the-short-film-is-a-moving-tale-told-with-sincerity/3274711/ |access-date=2024-10-20 |website=Financialexpress |language=en}}</ref>
|Mihir Pawan Kumar Lath
|Manju
|
|}

== Career as an emcee and presenter ==
Pamela frequently appears as an emcee in various corporate events.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pamela Singh Bhutoria |url=https://blackhattalent.com/talent/book-pamela-singh-bhutoria/ |access-date=2024-10-18 |website=Black Hat |language=en-US}}</ref> In 2015, she was selected as the host for Bangladesh Premier League alongside Bangladeshi model, Ambrin.<ref>{{Cite news |date=November 2015 |title=Indian Pamela and Bangladeshi Ambrin selected as BPL-3 hosts |url=https://www.daily-sun.com/printversion/details/91722/Indian-Pamela-and-Bangladeshi-Ambrin-selected-as-BPL3-hosts |access-date=2024-10-18 |work=Daily Sun |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2015-11-15 |title=Indian Pamela and Bangladeshi Ambrin to be the faces of BPL |url=https://www.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/bangladesh-others/113731/indian-pamela-and-bangladeshi-ambrin-to-be-the |work=Dhaka Tribune}}</ref> She has been the host in [[Pro Kabaddi League]] alongside [[Amitabh Bachchan]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Singh |first=Priya |date=2018-08-18 |title='Every moment has been a learning experience' |url=https://sundayguardianlive.com/culture/every-moment-learning-experience |access-date=2024-10-18 |website=The Sunday Guardian Live |language=en-US}}</ref>

== Appearance in television commercials ==
Pamela has appeared in several TV commercials in India.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2018-07-25 |title=Pamela's day out with her 'dad' |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/pamela-39-s-day-out-with-nbsp-her-39-dad-39/cid/1433039 |work=The Telegraph Online}}</ref> Before her career as a movie actress, she had appeared in several TV commercials for companies like Vodafone.<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A-EdanKAV6Q |title=Pamela bhutoria |date=2010-07-13 |last=pamela bhutoria |access-date=2024-10-18 |via=YouTube}}</ref> In recent years, she acted in several ad campaigns for Zomato,<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ob-iOarlfSo |title=Zomato Tvc |date=2019-02-14 |last=pamela bhutoria |access-date=2024-10-18 |via=YouTube}}</ref> Philips,<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bj3Fz9M_8pk |title=Philips Television commercial |date=2022-07-19 |last=pamela bhutoria |access-date=2024-10-18 |via=YouTube}}</ref> Borosil<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aL7Ge8kWtkE |title=Borosil Tvc |date=2021-05-18 |last=pamela bhutoria |access-date=2024-10-18 |via=YouTube}}</ref> and other companies.

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bhutoria, Pamela}}
[[Category:Indian film actresses]]
[[Category:Indian female models]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

Janjgir–Champa Lok Sabha constituency

2026-04-19T09:00:58Z

EveMagill33: started a stub basic info

{{Short description|Lok Sabha Constituency in Chhattisgarh}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| type = LS
| name = Janjgir-Champa {{Small|CG-3}}
| map_image = {{Maplink|frame=yes|plain=y|frame-width=300|frame-height=300|frame-align=center|type=shape|from=Lok Sabha constituencies/2019/Chhattisgarh/Janjgir.map}}
| map_caption = Interactive Map Outlining Janjgir Lok Sabha constituency
| reservation = SC
| incumbent_image =
| established = 1952
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| mp = [[Kamlesh Jangde]]
| latest_election_year = [[2024 Indian general elections|2024]]
| state = [[Chhattisgarh]]
| assembly_cons = [[Akaltara (Chhattisgarh Assembly constituency)|Akaltara]] [[Janjgir-Champa (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Janjgir-Champa]] [[Sakti (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Sakti]] [[Chandrapur (Chhattisgarh assembly constituency)|Chandrapur]] [[Jaijaipur (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Jaijaipur]] [[Pamgarh (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Pamgarh]] [[Bilaigarh (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Bilaigarh]] [[Kasdol (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Kasdol]]
}}
'''Janjgir-Champa''' is a [[Lok Sabha]] parliamentary [[constituency]] in [[Chhattisgarh]], India.

==Assembly segments==
Janjgir-Champa Lok Sabha constituency is reserved for [[Scheduled castes and scheduled tribes|Scheduled Castes (SC)]] candidates.<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.delimitation-india.com/Final_Publications/Chhattisgarh/Chhattisgarh.pdf
|title=Final notification on delimitation of Chhattisgarh constituencies
|publisher=Delimitation Commission of India
|date=2008-06-02
|accessdate=2008-11-23
|url-status=usurped
|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20061229001834/http://www.delimitation-india.com/Final_Publications/Chhattisgarh/Chhattisgarh.pdf
|archivedate=2006-12-29
}}</ref> It is composed of the following assembly segments:<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://genesys.eci.gov.in/fullcandidatelist/uireports.aspx
|title=CandidateAC.xls file on assembly constituencies with information on district and parliamentary constituencies
|accessdate=2008-11-21
|work=Chhattisgarh
|publisher=Election Commission of India
|url-status=dead
|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081204083059/http://genesys.eci.gov.in/fullcandidatelist/uireports.aspx
|archivedate=2008-12-04
}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
!#
!Name
!District
!Member
! colspan="2" |Party
! colspan="2" |Leading
{{small|(in 2024)}}
|-
|33
|[[Akaltara (Chhattisgarh Assembly constituency)|Akaltara]]
| rowspan="6" |[[Janjgir–Champa district|Janjgir-Champa]]
|Raghvendra Singh
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=8}}
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=4}}
|-
|34
|[[Janjgir-Champa (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Janjgir-Champa]]
|Vyas Kashyap
|-
|35
|[[Sakti (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Sakti]]
|[[Charan Das Mahant]]
|-
|36
|[[Chandrapur (Chhattisgarh assembly constituency)|Chandrapur]]
|Ram Kumar Yadav
|-
|37
|[[Jaijaipur (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Jaijaipur]]
|Baleshwar Sahu
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=3}}
|-
|38
|[[Pamgarh (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Pamgarh]] (SC)
|Sheshraj Harbans
|-
|43
|[[Bilaigarh (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Bilaigarh]] (SC)
| rowspan="2" |[[Baloda Bazar district|Baloda Bazar]]
|[[Kavita Pran Lahrey]]
|-
|44
|[[Kasdol (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Kasdol]]
|Sandeep Sahu
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|}

==Members of Parliament==
{| class="wikitable"
! Year
! Member
! colspan=2|Party
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[1957 Indian general election|1957]]
|[[Amar Singh Sahgal]]
| {{Full party name with color|rowspan=7|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[Minimata Agam Dass Guru]]
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[1962 Indian general election|1962]]
|[[Amar Singh Sahgal]]
|-
|[[Minimata Agam Dass Guru]]
|-
|[[1967 Indian general election|1967]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Minimata Agam Dass Guru]]
|-
|[[1971 Indian general election|1971]]
|-
|1974^
|[[Manhar Bhagatram]]
|-
|[[1977 Indian general election|1977]]
|[[Madan Lal Shukla]]
|{{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}
|-
|[[1980 Indian general election|1980]]
|[[Ram Gopal Tiwari]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress |rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[1984 Indian general election|1984]]
|[[Prabhat Kumar Mishra]]

|-
|[[1989 Indian general election|1989]]
|[[Dilip Singh Judeo]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|[[1991 Indian general election|1991]]
|[[Bhawani Lal Verma]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[1996 Indian general election|1996]]
|[[Manharan Lal Pandey]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|[[1998 Indian general election|1998]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Charan Das Mahant]]
| {{Full party name with color|rowspan=2|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[1999 Indian general election|1999]]
|-
|[[2004 Indian general election|2004]]
|[[Karuna Shukla]]
| {{Full party name with color|rowspan=5|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|[[2009 Indian general election|2009]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Kamla Devi Patle]]
|-
|[[2014 Indian general election|2014]]
|-
|[[2019 Indian general election|2019]]
|[[Guharam Ajgalle]]
|-
|[[2024 Indian general election|2024]]
|[[Kamlesh Jangre]]
|}
^ by poll

==Election results==
===2024===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2024 Indian general election]]: [[Janjgir-Champa]]}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link||candidate=[[Kamlesh Jangde]]|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|votes=6,78,199|percentage=48.71|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Dr. [[Shivkumar Dahariya]]|party=Indian National Congress|votes=6,18,199|percentage=44.40|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=None of the above|candidate=None of the above|votes=5,098|percentage=0.37|change=}}
{{Election box majority||votes=60,000|percentage=4.31|change=}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=13,94,953|percentage=67.77|change={{increase}}1.75}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = BJP
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}
{{notelist}}

=== 2019===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2019 Indian general elections]]: [[Janjgir-Champa]]}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[Guharam Ajgalle]]
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = 5,72,790
|percentage = 45.91
|change =
|Symbol =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Ravi Parasaram Bhardwaj
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = 4,89,535
|percentage = 39.24
|change =
|Symbol =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Dauram Ratnakar
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|votes = 1,31,387
|percentage = 10.53
|change =
|Symbol =
}}
{{Election box candidate|
|party = [[None of the above|NOTA]]
|candidate = [[None of the above|None of the Above]]
|votes = 9,981
|percentage = 0.8
|change =
|Symbol =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 83,255
|percentage = 6.67
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 12,48,474
|percentage = 65.81
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2014===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2014 Indian general elections]]: Janjgir-Champa}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[Kamla Patle]]
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = 5,18,909
|percentage = 48.34
|change =
|Symbol =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate =Prem Chand Jayasi
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = 3,43,948
|percentage = 32.04
|change =
|Symbol =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Duj Ram Bouddh
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|votes = 1,25,617
|percentage = 11.70
|change =
|Symbol =
}}
{{Election box candidate|
|party = [[None of the above|NOTA]]
|candidate = [[None of the above|None of the Above]]
|votes = 18,438
|percentage = 1.72
|change =
|Symbol =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 1,74,961
|percentage = 16.30
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 10,73,367
|percentage = 61.54
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2009===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2009 Indian general elections]]: Janjgir-Champa}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[Kamla Patle|Shrimati Kamla Devi Patle]]
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = 3,02,142
|percentage = 40.96
|change =
|Symbol =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate =Dr. [[Shivkumar Dahariya]]
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = 2,14,931
|percentage =29.14
|change =
|Symbol =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Dauram Ratnakar
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|votes = 1,75,979
|percentage =23.86
|change =
|Symbol =
}}
{{Election box candidate|
|candidate = Ramcharan Pradhan Adhiwakta
|party = [[Independent politician|IND.]]
|votes = 15,345
|percentage =2.08
|change =
|Symbol =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 87,211
|percentage = 11.82
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 7,37,578
|percentage = 48.57
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[Janjgir–Champa district]]
* [[List of constituencies of the Lok Sabha]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Lok Sabha constituencies of Chhattisgarh}}

{{coord|22.0|82.6|display=title}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Janjgir (Lok Sabha Constituency)}}
[[Category:Lok Sabha constituencies in Chhattisgarh]]
[[Category:Janjgir-Champa district]]
[[Category:Raipur district]]

Gurmitkal Assembly constituency

2026-04-15T23:20:48Z

EveMagill33: new details

{{Short description|Assembly constituency in Karnataka, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2022}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Gurmitkal
| type = SLA
| constituency_no = 39
| map_image = 39-Gurmitkal constituency.svg
| mla = [[Sharanagouda Kandakur]]
| party = {{Party index link|Janata Dal (Secular)}}
|alliance = {{Party index link|National Democratic Alliance}}
| preceded_by = [[Naganagouda Kandkur]]
| state = [[Karnataka]]
| district = [[Yadgir district|Yadgir]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Gulbarga (Lok Sabha constituency)|Gulbarga]]
| reservation = None
| established = 1962
| electors = {{formatnum:248181}}<ref name=election2023>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/15163-karnataka-2023/ |title=Karnataka Legislative Assembly Election - 2023 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |website=eci.gov.in |access-date=24 July 2023}}</ref>{{update after|2028|7}}
}}
[[File:Gurumitkal Vidhana Sabha constituency Map.jpg|thumb|]]
[[File:Gurumathakal Assembly constituency.jpg|thumb|]]
'''Gurmitkal Assembly constituency''' is one of 224 assembly constituencies for the [[Karnataka Legislative Assembly]] in the Indian state of [[Karnataka]]. It is part of [[Gulbarga Lok Sabha constituency]].<ref>{{cite news |title=DELIMITATION OF PARLIAMENTARY AND ASSEMBLY CONSTITUENCIES ORDER, 2008 |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf |work=Election commission of India |access-date= 9 October 2017 }}</ref>

[[Sharanagouda Kandakur]] of Janata Dal (Secular) is the current MLA from Gurmitkal.

==Members of the Legislative Assembly==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Election
! Member
! colspan=2|Party
|-
| bgcolor="#FFF58A" | [[1962 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election|1962]] || [[Vidyadhar Guruji Sayanna]] || {{Full party name with color|Swatantra Party}}
|-
| bgcolor="#FFF58A" | [[1967 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election|1967]] || N. Yenkappa || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
| bgcolor="#FFF58A" | [[1972 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election|1972]] || rowspan="8" | [[Mallikarjun Kharge]]
|-
| [[1978 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1978]] || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress (I)}}
|-
| [[1983 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1983]] || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=8}}
|-
| [[1985 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1985]]
|-
| [[1989 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1989]]
|-
| [[1994 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1994]]
|-
| [[1999 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1999]]
|-
| [[2004 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|2004]]
|-
| [[2008 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|2008]] || rowspan="2" | [[Baburao Chinchansur]]
|-
| [[2013 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|2013]]
|-
| [[2018 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|2018]] || [[Naganagouda Kandkur]] || {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal (Secular)|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[2023 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|2023]] || [[Sharanagouda Kandakur]]
|}

==Election results==
=== Assembly Election 2023 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[2023 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Gurmitkal <ref name="Karnataka Assembly Elections 2023: Gurmitkal">{{cite news |title=Karnataka Assembly Elections 2023: Gurmitkal |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenMay2023/ConstituencywiseS1039.htm?ac=39 |access-date=22 March 2025 |publisher=Election Commission of India |date=13 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250322082130/https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenMay2023/ConstituencywiseS1039.htm?ac=39 |archive-date=22 March 2025}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Sharanagouda Kandakur]] |party = Janata Dal (Secular) |votes = 72,297 |percentage = 44.54% |change = {{decrease}}7.86 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = [[Baburao Chinchansur]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 69,718 |percentage = 42.95% |change = {{increase}}6.66 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Anpur Lalita Moulali |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 14,571 |percentage = 8.98% |change = {{increase}}3.06 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = K. B. Vasu |party = Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 2,590 |percentage = 1.60% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = None of the above |party = None of the above |votes = 1,416 |percentage = 0.87% |change = {{decrease}}0.72 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = S. Nijalingappa Doddasambra |party = Kranti Sabha |votes = 1,070 |percentage = 0.66% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 2,579 |percentage = 1.59% |change = {{decrease}}14.52 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 162,435 |percentage = 65.45% |change = {{increase}}3.45 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 162,330}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 248,181 |ref = |change = {{increase}}1.21 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Janata Dal (Secular) |swing = {{decrease}}7.86 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 2018 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[2018 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Gurmitkal <ref name=election2018>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/6933-karnataka-2018/ |title=Karnataka Legislative Assembly Election -2018 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |website=eci.gov.in |accessdate=7 September 2021}}</ref><ref name=karCeoResults2018>{{cite web |url=https://www.ceokarnataka.kar.nic.in/GenELC_2018/ResultsACWise.PDF |title=Karnataka 2018 - Candidate-wise Votes Details |date=2018-05-16 |access-date=7 September 2021 |website=ceokarnataka.kar.nic.in |publisher=Chief Election Office - Karnataka}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Naganagouda Kandkur]] |party = Janata Dal (Secular) |votes = 79,627 |percentage = 52.40% |change = {{increase}}24.59 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = [[Baburao Chinchansur]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 55,147 |percentage = 36.29% |change = {{increase}}7.15 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Sayibanna |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 8,995 |percentage = 5.92% |change = {{decrease}}2.00 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = None of the above |party = None of the above |votes = 2,418 |percentage = 1.59% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Chandrashekar. T. Dasankeri |party = Indian New Congress Party |votes = 1,392 |percentage = 0.92% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = K. Somashekar |party = Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist) |votes = 1,272 |percentage = 0.84% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 24,480 |percentage = 16.11% |change = {{increase}}14.78 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 152,037 |percentage = 62.00% |change = {{decrease}}1.55 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 151,974}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 245,215 |ref = |change = {{increase}}20.77 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Janata Dal (Secular) |loser = Indian National Congress |swing = {{increase}}23.26 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 2013 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[2013 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Gurmitkal <ref>{{cite web |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2013 : To the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2013/StatReports2013.pdf |website=eci.nic.in |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=2014-04-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131220034253/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2013/StatReports2013.pdf |archive-date=2013-12-20 |url-status=dead}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Baburao Chinchansur]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 36,051 |percentage = 29.14% |change = {{decrease}}6.70 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = [[Naganagouda Kandkur]] |party = Janata Dal (Secular) |votes = 34,401 |percentage = 27.81% |change = {{increase}}1.21 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Venkatareddy Vishwanathreddy Mudnal |party = Karnataka Janata Paksha |votes = 32,362 |percentage = 26.16% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Girish Mattennavar |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 9,795 |percentage = 7.92% |change = {{decrease}}1.44 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Shaik Mehaboob |party = Independent politician |votes = 4,432 |percentage = 3.58% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Babu Chavhan |party = Badavara Shramikara Raitara Congress |votes = 1,860 |percentage = 1.50% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Sathyanarayana Yadav |party = Samajwadi Party |votes = 1,277 |percentage = 1.03% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Shivalingappa Kinnura |party = Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 1,211 |percentage = 0.98% |change = {{decrease}}2.02 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Anilkumar |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,120 |percentage = 0.91% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 1,650 |percentage = 1.33% |change = {{decrease}}7.91 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 129,047 |percentage = 63.55% |change = {{increase}}7.16 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 123,716}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 203,049 |ref = |change = {{increase}}14.84 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}6.70 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 2008 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[2008 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Gurmitkal <ref>{{cite web |title=General Election Karnataka Legislative Assembly 2008 Election Statistics |url=https://www.ceokarnataka.kar.nic.in/PDFS/Previous%20Elections/Election%20Statistics%202008%20Final.pdf |publisher=Government of Karnataka |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210201232433/https://www.ceokarnataka.kar.nic.in/PDFS/Previous%20Elections/Election%20Statistics%202008%20Final.pdf |archive-date=1 February 2021 |url-status=dead}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Baburao Chinchansur]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 35,721 |percentage = 35.84% |change = {{decrease}}10.15 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = [[Naganagouda Kandkur]] |party = Janata Dal (Secular) |votes = 26,513 |percentage = 26.60% |change = {{increase}}3.66 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Venkatreddy Mudnal |party = Independent politician |votes = 21,500 |percentage = 21.57% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Vithal Heroor |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 9,327 |percentage = 9.36% |change = {{decrease}}11.43 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Basavaraj Jinikeri |party = Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 2,995 |percentage = 3.00% |change = {{decrease}}0.88 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Channayya |party = Independent politician |votes = 2,079 |percentage = 2.09% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Virupksh Reddy |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,546 |percentage = 1.55% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 9,208 |percentage = 9.24% |change = {{decrease}}13.81 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 99,709 |percentage = 56.39% |change = {{increase}}2.29 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 99,681}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 176,818 |ref = |change = {{increase}}18.70 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}10.15 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 2004 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[2004 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Gurmitkal <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2004 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2004/StatisticalReports_KT_2004.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006204912/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2004/StatisticalReports_KT_2004.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Mallikarjun Kharge]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 37,006 |percentage = 45.99% |change = {{decrease}}30.77 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Akaashi Basavaraj |party = Janata Dal (Secular) |votes = 18,459 |percentage = 22.94% |change = {{increase}}13.11 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Shaamarao Pyati |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 16,732 |percentage = 20.79% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Mangala B. Kurlli |party = Janata Party |votes = 3,405 |percentage = 4.23% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Devendranath K. Naad |party = Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 3,124 |percentage = 3.88% |change = {{increase}}2.15 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Gopal B. Dasankeri |party = Kannada Nadu Party |votes = 1,738 |percentage = 2.16% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 18,547 |percentage = 23.05% |change = {{decrease}}43.23 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 80,593 |percentage = 54.10% |change = {{decrease}}2.11 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 80,464}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 148,958 |ref = |change = {{increase}}11.71 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}30.77 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1999 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1999 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Gurmitkal <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1999 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1999/StatisticalReport-KT99.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006053217/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1999/StatisticalReport-KT99.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Mallikarjun Kharge]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 54,569 |percentage = 76.76% |change = {{increase}}18.00 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Ashok Guruji |party = Janata Dal (United) |votes = 7,445 |percentage = 10.47% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Timmanna Hedgimadri |party = Janata Dal (Secular) |votes = 6,986 |percentage = 9.83% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Shantaraj Motanalli |party = Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 1,231 |percentage = 1.73% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = A. Buggayya |party = Independent politician |votes = 864 |percentage = 1.22% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 47,124 |percentage = 66.28% |change = {{increase}}39.60 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 74,944 |percentage = 56.21% |change = {{decrease}}6.68 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 71,095}}
{{Election box rejected |votes = 3,837 |percentage = 5.12% |change = {{increase}}1.63 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 133,339 |ref = |change = {{increase}}11.64 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = {{increase}}18.00 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1994 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1994 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Gurmitkal <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1994 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1994/StatisticalReport-KT94.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006211324/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1994/StatisticalReport-KT94.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Mallikarjun Kharge]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 42,588 |percentage = 58.76% |change = {{decrease}}5.47 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = K. B. Shanappa |party = Janata Dal |votes = 23,252 |percentage = 32.08% |change = {{increase}}0.23 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Amareshwar Rathod |party = Karnataka Pradesh Congress Committee |votes = 6,635 |percentage = 9.15% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 19,336 |percentage = 26.68% |change = {{decrease}}5.70 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 75,108 |percentage = 62.89% |change = {{increase}}4.46 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 72,475}}
{{Election box rejected |votes = 2,624 |percentage = 3.49% |change = {{decrease}}1.73 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 119,435 |ref = |change = {{increase}}7.26 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}5.47 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1989 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1989 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Gurmitkal <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1989 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1989/Statistical%20Report%20karnataka%201989.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101007070737/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1989/Statistical%20Report%20karnataka%201989.pdf|archive-date=7 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Mallikarjun Kharge]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 39,608 |percentage = 64.23% |change = {{decrease}}1.77 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Arvind Guruji |party = Janata Dal |votes = 19,639 |percentage = 31.85% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Basappa |party = Kranti Sabha |votes = 1,778 |percentage = 2.88% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Shankerappa Polappa |party = Independent politician |votes = 639 |percentage = 1.04% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 19,969 |percentage = 32.38% |change = {{decrease}}3.32 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 65,059 |percentage = 58.43% |change = {{increase}}0.71 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 61,664}}
{{Election box rejected |votes = 3,395 |percentage = 5.22% |change = {{increase}}2.27 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 111,349 |ref = |change = {{increase}}26.01 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}1.77 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1985 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1985 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Gurmitkal <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1985 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/Statistical%20Report%20Karnataka%201985.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006143216/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/Statistical%20Report%20Karnataka%201985.pdf |archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Mallikarjun Kharge]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 32,669 |percentage = 66.00% |change = {{decrease}}1.65 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = B. S. Gajanana |party = Janata Party |votes = 14,996 |percentage = 30.30% |change = {{decrease}}2.05 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Hanamantha |party = Lokdal |votes = 1,834 |percentage = 3.71% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 17,673 |percentage = 35.70% |change = {{increase}}0.39 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 51,002 |percentage = 57.72% |change = {{decrease}}0.80 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 49,499}}
{{Election box rejected |votes = 1,503 |percentage = 2.95% |change = {{decrease}}1.42 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 88,365 |ref = |change = {{increase}}8.16 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}1.65 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1983 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1983 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Gurmitkal <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1983 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1983/Statistical%20Report%201983%20karnatkaa.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101007124742/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1983/Statistical%20Report%201983%20karnatkaa.pdf |archive-date=7 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Mallikarjun Kharge]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 30,933 |percentage = 67.65% |change = {{increase}}64.39 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = B. S. Gajanana |party = Janata Party |votes = 14,790 |percentage = 32.35% |change = {{increase}}2.87 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 16,143 |percentage = 35.31% |change = {{decrease}}0.20 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 47,810 |percentage = 58.52% |change = {{decrease}}4.76 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 45,723}}
{{Election box rejected |votes = 2,087 |percentage = 4.37% |change = {{increase}}0.37 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 81,695 |ref = |change = {{increase}}6.16 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Indian National Congress (I) |swing = {{increase}}2.66 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1978 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1978 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Gurmitkal <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1978 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/Statistical%20Report%20Karnataka%201978.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101007164123/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/Statistical%20Report%20Karnataka%201978.pdf |archive-date=7 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Mallikarjun Kharge]] |party = Indian National Congress (I) |votes = 30,380 |percentage = 64.99% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = G. Mahadevappa Tamanna |party = Janata Party |votes = 13,781 |percentage = 29.48% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Mallanna Ramanna |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 1,522 |percentage = 3.26% |change = {{decrease}}59.42 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Moortheppa Hanumanthappa |party = Independent politician |votes = 603 |percentage = 1.29% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Khande Rao Narsing Rao |party = Independent politician |votes = 458 |percentage = 0.98% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 16,599 |percentage = 35.51% |change = {{increase}}0.28 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 48,694 |percentage = 63.28% |change = {{increase}}25.41 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 46,744}}
{{Election box rejected |votes = 1,950 |percentage = 4.00% |change = {{increase}}4.00 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 76,953 |ref = |change = {{increase}}3.75 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Indian National Congress (I) |loser = Indian National Congress |swing = {{increase}}2.31 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1972 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1972 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election]] : Gurmitkal <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1972 to the Legislative Assembly of Mysore |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatisRep_Mysore_72.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006074555/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatisRep_Mysore_72.pdf |archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Mallikarjun Kharge]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 16,796 |percentage = 62.68% |change = {{increase}}10.98 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Murtheppa |party = Independent politician |votes = 7,356 |percentage = 27.45% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Narsappa |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,622 |percentage = 6.05% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Ramappa |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,023 |percentage = 3.82% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 9,440 |percentage = 35.23% |change = {{increase}}31.84 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 28,087 |percentage = 37.87% |change = {{decrease}}3.55 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 26,797}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 74,170 |ref = |change = {{increase}}6.49 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = {{increase}}10.98 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1967 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1967 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election]] : Gurmitkal <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1967 to the Legislative Assembly of Mysore |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Mysore%201967.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006083645/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Mysore%201967.pdf |archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = N. Yenkappa |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 14,127 |percentage = 51.70% |change = {{increase}}18.88 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = S. Bhimappa |party = Swatantra Party |votes = 13,200 |percentage = 48.30% |change = {{decrease}}18.88 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 927 |percentage = 3.39% |change = {{decrease}}30.96 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 28,849 |percentage = 41.42% |change = {{decrease}}9.57 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 27,327}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 69,649 |ref = |change = {{increase}}16.04 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Swatantra Party |swing = {{decrease}}15.48 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1962 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1962 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election]] : Gurmitkal <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1962 to the Legislative Assembly of Mysore |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Mysore_1962.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006093153/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Mysore_1962.pdf |archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Vidyadhar Guruji Sayanna]] |party = Swatantra Party |votes = 19,378 |percentage = 67.18% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Mallappa Lingappa Kollur |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 9,469 |percentage = 32.82% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 9,909 |percentage = 34.35% |change = }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 30,601 |percentage = 50.99% |change = }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 28,847}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 60,019 |ref = |change = }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner = Swatantra Party |swing = }}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==

* [[Yadgir (Karnataka Assembly constituency)]]
* [[Yadgir (Lok Sabha constituency)]]
* [[List of constituencies of the Karnataka Legislative Assembly]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Vidhan Sabha constituencies of Karnataka}}
{{coord|16.86|77.39|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Karnataka]]
[[Category:Yadgir district]]
[[Category:Politics of Karnataka]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1962]]
[[Category:1962 establishments in Mysore State]]

First battle of Chamkaur

2026-04-10T21:12:33Z

EveMagill33: new a entry

{{Short description|1702 battle}}
{{pp-extended|small=yes}}
{{Not to be confused with|Battle of Chamkaur|text=the [[Battle of Chamkaur|Second Battle of Chamkaur]], another battle in 1704 or 1705 at the same location}}
{{Infobox military conflict
| conflict = First Battle of Chamkaur
| place = [[Chamkaur]]
| partof = Mughal-Sikh Wars and [[Hill States-Sikh Wars]]
| result = [[Sikh]] victory 
* Mughal General Sayyad Beg defects to the Sikhs.
| strength1 = 500{{cn|date=May 2024}}
| commander2 = [[File:Alam of the Mughal Empire.svg|25px]] [[Sayyad Beg]] 
[[File:Alam of the Mughal Empire.svg|25px]] [[Alif Khan (Mughal General)|Alif Khan]] 
[[File:Bilaspur_flag.svg|25px]] Raja [[Ajmer Chand]]
| combatant1 = [[File:Sikh flag.jpg|25px]] [[Khalsa]] ([[Sikhs]])
| combatant2 = [[File:Alam of the Mughal Empire.svg|25px]]
[[Mughal Empire]] 
[[File:Bilaspur_flag.svg|25px]] [[Bilaspur State]]
| commander1 = [[File:Sikh flag.jpg|25px]] [[Guru Gobind Singh]]
| casualties1 = Unknown
| casualties2 = Unknown
| strength2 = 10,000
| date = 1702
}}
{{Campaignbox Mughal-Sikh Wars}}{{Campaignbox Hill States-Sikh Wars}}
The '''First battle of Chamkaur''' was fought in 1702 between the [[Sikhs]] and the [[Mughal Empire|Mughals]]. It resulted in a Sikh victory and the Mughal General Sayyad Beg defecting to the Sikhs with some troops.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last=Singh|first=Dalip|title=Life of Sri Guru Gobind Singh Ji|publisher=B. Chattar Singh Jiwan Singh|year=2015|isbn=978-81-7601-480-9|edition=Sixth|location=Amristar, India|pages=188–189}}</ref>

== Before the battle ==
[[Guru Gobind Singh]] was making his way to [[Anandpur Sahib|Anandpur]]. He halted in [[Chamkaur]], Mughal troops led by Generals Sayyad Beg and Alif Khan were marching from [[Lahore]] to [[Old Delhi|Delhi]]. They were seen marching by Ajmer Chand. He asked the generals to join him and promised to pay them 2,000 rupees per day. The [[Mughal army|Mughal Army]] made an attack on the Guru.<ref name=":0" />

== Battle ==
The Mughal Army and the army of [[Bilaspur State (princely state)|Bilaspur State]] attacked. There was only a small army of Sikhs with the Guru. Sayyad Beg felt the aggression against the prevailing peace was unwarranted. With heavy fighting in progress he along with some of his troops joined the Sikhs. Alif Khan alone could not fight. He withdrew his troops and made his troops march to Delhi.<ref name=":0" /><ref>Jacques, Tony. Dictionary of Battles and Sieges Page 221. Greenwood Press.</ref>

== Aftermath ==
The Guru along with his Sikhs returned to Anandpur and Sayyad Beg joined him.<ref name=":0" />

== References ==
<references />

[[Category:Battles involving the Sikhs|Chamkaur]]
[[Category:Battles involving the Mughal Empire|Chamkaur]]
[[Category:1702 in India]]
[[Category:Conflicts in 1702|Chamkaur]]
[[Category:1700s in the Mughal Empire]]

Ritu Banawat

2026-04-05T10:55:27Z

EveMagill33: Adding A Post - done

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2025}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Ritu Banawat
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| image =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1984|01|25|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Udaipur]], [[Rajasthan]], [[India]] {{citation needed|date=January 2025}}
| office = Member of the [[Rajasthan Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start = 3 December 2023
| predecessor = [[Amar Singh Jatav]]
| constituency = [[Bayana Assembly constituency]]
| party = {{flagicon image|Shiv Sena flag.jpg}}[[Shiv Sena]] (2024-present)
| other_party = [[Bhartiya Janta Party]] (till 2023)
| children = 2
| spouse = Rishi Bansal
| occupation = [[Rajasthan Legislative Assembly|MLA]]
| profession = [[Politician]]
| website = [https://assembly.rajasthan.gov.in/Containers/Members/MemberBioData.aspx official website]
| parents =
}}
'''Ritu Banawat''' (25 January 1984) is an Indian politician currently serving as a member of the [[16th Rajasthan Legislative Assembly]], representing the [[Bayana Assembly constituency]]. She is a Member of the [[Shiv Sena]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-12-04 |title=7 BJP rebels, one from Cong rewrite script to win as Independents in Rajasthan |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/jaipur/7-bjp-rebels-one-fromcong-rewrite-script-towin-as-independents/articleshow/105711394.cms |access-date=2023-12-08 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Bayana Assembly Election Results 2023 Highlights: Independent's Dr. Ritu Banawat wins Bayana with 105749 votes |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/story/bayana-assembly-election-results-2023-live-2470689-2023-12-03 |access-date=2023-12-08 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Banawat, Ritu}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Rajasthan MLAs 2023–2028]]
[[Category:People from Bharatpur district]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Rajasthan]]
[[Category:1984 births]]
[[Category:Shiv Sena politicians]]

{{Rajasthan-politician-stub}}

Dawood Ibrahim

2026-03-29T20:07:28Z

EveMagill33: enhance article additionally and fixed typos

{{short description|Indian criminal and terrorist (born 1955)}}
{{pp-semi-indef|small=yes}}
{{More citations needed|date=January 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2026}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2026}}
{{Infobox criminal
| name = Dawood Ibrahim
| image =
| caption =
| birth_name = Dawood Ibrahim Kaskar
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1955|12|26}}
| birth_place = [[Khed, Ratnagiri]], [[Maharashtra]], India
| occupation = {{hlist|[[Gangster]]|[[crime lord]]|[[drug lord]]|[[Organized crime|syndicate leader]]}}
| organization = [[D-Company]]
| criminal_charge = [[Organised crime]], [[drug trafficking]], [[extortion]], [[targeted killing]], [[terrorism]], [[narcoterrorism]] [[burglary]], [[raping]]
| wanted_by = {{plainlist|
* India
* [[United States of America]]}}
| wanted_since = 1993
| opponents = {{ubl
| 1 = [[Deputy Commissioner of Police|DCP]] [[G. R. Khairnar]]
| 2 = [[Chhota Rajan]]
| 3 = [[Ali Budesh]]
| 4 = [[Ejaz Lakdawala]]
| 5 = [[Arun Gawli]]}}
| relatives = [[Shabir Ibrahim Kaskar]] (brother; deceased)
| years_active = 1976–present
| spouse =
}}

'''Dawood Ibrahim Kaskar''' ({{IPAc-en|audio=En-us-Dawood_Ibrahim_from_India_pronunciation_(Voice_of_America).ogg |ɪ|b|r|ə|ˈ|h|iː|m}}; born 26 December 1955) is an Indian [[gangster]], [[Crime boss|mob boss]], [[drug kingpin|drug lord]]<ref name="reward">{{cite web |date=4 February 2014 |title=3 students forced to end their 'Dawood hunt' after money runs out |url=http://www.firstpost.com/india/3-students-forced-to-end-their-dawood-hunt-after-money-runs-out-1373291.html/amp |access-date=25 July 2017 |website=[[Firstpost]]}}</ref> and [[narcoterrorist]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.treasury.gov/press-center/press-releases/Pages/jl9742.aspx|title=Treasury Sanctions Two Indian Nationals and a Company Based in Pakistan for Ties to the South Asian Criminal Network 'D Company'|website=treasury.gov|language=en-us|access-date=2017-09-08}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.un.org/sc/suborg/en/sanctions/1267/aq_sanctions_list/summaries/individual/dawood-ibrahim|title=DAWOOD IBRAHIM {{!}} United Nations Security Council Subsidiary Organs|website=un.org|language=en|access-date=2017-09-08}}</ref> He is the leader of the [[Organized crime|organised crime syndicate]] [[D-Company]], which he founded in [[Mumbai]] in the 1970s.<ref>[https://www.thetimes.com/article/the-name-on-the-mumbai-street-over-terror-attacks-is-dawood-ibrahim-zd2zj9qjskd The name on the Mumbai street over terror attacks is Dawood Ibrahim.] ''[[The Times]]''. 13 July 2011.</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Made outside India |url=https://www.economist.com/news/international/21583285-growth-slows-and-reforms-falter-economic-activity-shifting-out-india-made-outside |access-date=2017-12-20 |newspaper=[[The Economist]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Kugelman |first=Michael |author-link=Michael Kugelman |date=2015 |title=Fix the Link to Pakistan, Bond With India |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/01/24/opinion/fix-the-link-to-pakistan-bond-with-india.html |access-date=2018-12-20 |work=[[The New York Times]] |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Tran |first=Mark |date=2008-12-02 |title=India names two most-wanted fugitives after Mumbai attacks |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2008/dec/02/mumbai-most-wanted |access-date=2017-12-20 |work=[[The Guardian]] |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Ibrahim is wanted on multiple charges of [[Murder in Indian law|murder]], [[extortion]], [[targeted killing]], [[Drug trafficking in India|drug trafficking]] and [[Terrorism in India|terrorism]] among others.

He has been reported to live in [[Karachi]], Pakistan, though the [[government of Pakistan]] denies it.<ref name="IndiaToday" />

He was designated a global terrorist by the [[Al-Qaida and Taliban Sanctions Committee]] of the [[United Nations Security Council]] and by the [[United States of America|United States]] in 2003 for masterminding the [[1993 Bombay bombings]] and is said to have an influence in [[2008 Mumbai attacks|26/11 attacks]].<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":3" /> The United States has a bounty of US$25 million on his head.

In a [[Time (magazine)|''Time'']] list of the world's most notorious mob bosses, Ibrahim was ranked 9th.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Top 10 Real-Life Mob Bosses |url=http://www.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,2043575_2043788_2043675,00.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120109041051/http://www.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,2043575_2043788_2043675,00.html |archive-date=2012-01-09 |access-date=2025-12-19 |website=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]}}</ref> Ibrahim was third on [[Forbes]]' "The World's 10 Most Wanted" list from 2010 until it stopped publishing the list in 2011. In 2011, he was named number two on "The World's 10 Most Wanted Fugitives" by the US [[Federal Bureau of Investigation]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dawood Ibrahim Kaskar - D-Company |url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/dawood-ibrahim-kaskar/ |access-date=2025-12-19 |website=[[Forbes]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Vardi |first=Nathan |date=13 May 2010 |title=The World's 10 Most Wanted Fugitives |url=https://www.forbes.com/2010/05/13/bin-laden-joaquin-guzman-dawood-ibrahim-business-world-most-wanted.html |access-date=2025-12-19 |work=[[Forbes]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Henley |first=Jon |date=2011-05-04 |title=Who is now on the World's Most Wanted list? |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/may/04/the-worlds-most-wanted-list |access-date=2025-12-19 |work=[[The Guardian]] |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref>

==Early life==
Dawood Ibrahim Kaskar was born on 26 December 1955 to a [[Konkani Muslim]] family in [[Khed, Ratnagiri|Khed]] in [[Maharashtra]], India.<ref>{{cite web |date=5 May 2015 |title=10 things to know about Dawood Ibrahim |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/10-things-to-know-about-dawood-ibrahim/story-yoROzlpjb6WWBq3yftvi9L.html |access-date=19 March 2021 |website=[[Hindustan Times]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Dawood Ibrahim |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/topic/dawood-ibrahim |access-date=2024-02-06 |website=[[India Today]] |language=en}}</ref> His father, Ibrahim Kaskar, worked as a [[head constable]] with the [[Mumbai Police]] and his mother, Amina Bi, was a homemaker.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Swami|first=Praveen|author-link=Praveen Swami|date=9 April 1999|title=Mumbai's mafia wars|url=http://www.frontline.in/static/html/fl1607/16070420.htm|journal=[[Frontline (magazine)|Frontline]]|volume=16|issue=7|access-date=23 August 2015}}</ref> He lived in the Temkar [[Mohalla]] area of [[Dongri]], [[Mumbai]] and attended Ahmed Sailor High School, from which he dropped out.

==Crime and terrorism==
{{Main|Organised crime in India|D-Company|1993 Bombay bombings|2008 Mumbai attacks}}
Dawood started committing [[fraud]], [[theft]] and [[robbery]] while still in his teens. In Dongri, he first came into contact with the gangster [[Haji Mastan]], after he attacked two of Ibrahim's men.<ref>{{Cite news |title='Dongri to Dubai,' the rise of Dawood Ibrahim |url=http://www.ibnlive.com/news/books/dongri-to-dubai-the-rise-of-dawood-ibrahim-484211.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150821162100/http://www.ibnlive.com/news/books/dongri-to-dubai-the-rise-of-dawood-ibrahim-484211.html |archive-date=2015-08-21 |access-date=2025-12-19 |work=[[IBN Live]]}}</ref> Eventually, he joined the gang of local [[gangster]] and [[Crime boss|don]] Baashu Dada, part of the [[Organised crime in India|local organised crime syndicate]]. In the late 1970s, he later split from the gang, creating his own gang with his elder brother [[Shabir Ibrahim Kaskar]]. After Shabir was killed by the rival [[Pathan]] gang of [[Karim Lala]], he became the sole boss of his gang and later [[criminal syndicate]] [[D-Company]]. He was then chiefly involved in gold smuggling, [[Real estate in India|real estate]], [[extortion]] and [[drug trafficking]]. He fled from India to [[Dubai]] in 1986 after being wanted by the [[Mumbai Police]] for the murder of Samad Khan. In the following years, he further expanded his gang with the help of his second-in-command [[Chhota Rajan]], with his gang having over 5000 members and bringing in hundreds of millions of rupees in revenue annually by the early 1990s.

Ibrahim had a long-standing feud with notorious Indian criminal [[Manya Surve]].

Dawood is widely believed to have masterminded the March [[1993 Bombay bombings|1993 bombings in Bombay]].<ref name=":7">[http://www.rediff.com/news/2002/dec/22isi.htm 'ISI pressured Dawood to carry out Mumbai blasts']. ''[[Rediff.com]]''. 22 December 2002. Retrieved 16 April 2012.</ref> In a public discourse in June 2017, [[Ram Jethmalani]] confirmed that after the Bombay blasts, Dawood Ibrahim had called him from London, saying that he was prepared to come to India and stand trial, on the condition that he should not be subjected to any [[Third-degree methods|third degree]] treatment from the police.<ref name="algebra2">{{cite web |title=The legend of Ram – a conversation with Ram Jethmalani |url=http://www.algebratheclub.com/event/the-legend-of-ram/ |access-date=13 June 2018 |website=Algebra Talks |publisher=Algebra}}</ref> Jethmalani had conveyed this to [[Sharad Pawar]], but the politicians in power did not agree to this proposal. As per Jethmalani, their refusal to allow Dawood's return was due to their fears that he would expose their secrets.<ref name="it2">{{cite magazine |date=4 July 2015 |title=Ram Jethmalani, Sharad Pawar spar over Dawood Ibrahim |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/dawood-ibrahim-surrender-ram-jethmalani-sharad-pawar-spar-280635-2015-07-04 |access-date=13 June 2018 |magazine=[[India Today]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2015-07-05 |title=Sharad Pawar: Jethmalani’s proposal on Dawood Ibrahim was conditional |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/ram-jethmalanis-proposal-on-dawood-was-conditional-sharad-pawar/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180613184312/https://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/ram-jethmalanis-proposal-on-dawood-was-conditional-sharad-pawar/ |archive-date=2018-06-13 |access-date=2025-12-19 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |language=en-US}}</ref>

Following the attacks, he fled Dubai for [[Karachi]], Pakistan where he is said to live to this day.

It is reported that selective police action against the D-Company during the [[Shiv Sena]] administration and its subsequent decline through [[encounter killings]] helped strengthen former Ibrahim aide Chhota Rajan's position in the underworld.<ref>{{Cite news |date=31 October 2015 |title=Rajan, a spent force... |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sunday-anchor/Chhota-Rajan-a-spent-force.../article60492965.ece |access-date=2025-12-19 |work=[[The Hindu]] |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> This is similar to how Dawood Ibrahim himself had benefitted from the 1980s police campaign against the Pathan gang.<ref>{{Cite web |date=23 June 2017 |title=Police action during Mumbai gang wars |url=https://www.pressreader.com/india/mid-day/20170623/283502206014997 |website=[[mid-day]]}}</ref> The Shiv Sena laid bare its affection for Rajan in an editorial in the ''[[Saamana]]'' newspaper, its mouthpiece, edited by [[Bal Thackeray]]. The editorial heaved a sigh of relief, attributing Rajan's survival to "good fortune" resulting from divine grace.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Article |url=http://www.ketan.net/art1_13.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080624012337/http://www.ketan.net/art1_13.html |archive-date=2008-06-24 |access-date=2008-10-09 |website=ketan.net}}</ref> To reinforce his reputation as a 'patriotic don', Rajan threatened to brutally murder those accused of engineering the 1993 Bombay bombings. Saleem "Kurla" in April 1998 followed by Mohammad Jindran in June 1998 and Majeed Khan on 1 March 1999 were shot dead.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=26 October 2015 |title=The patriotic don: Chhota Rajan was said to be helping India find Dawood Ibrahim |url=http://scroll.in/article/764928/the-patriotic-don-chhota-rajan-was-said-to-be-helping-india-find-dawood-ibrahim |access-date=2025-12-19 |website=[[Scroll.in]] |language=en}}</ref> Rajan is believed to have assisted Indian intelligence agencies in understanding the activities of the D-Company and its members by using his intimate knowledge of the criminal organisation and its operations from his experience. The Pakistani [[Inter-Services Intelligence]] (ISI) was subsequently believed to be behind an attempted assassination of Rajan.<ref name=":0" />

In February 2010, alleged Chhota Rajan associates gunned down Nepali media baron [[Jamim Shah]] point blank in broad daylight as he was driving to his residence on a public road. Shah ostensibly had links with Ibrahim and was the mastermind of a racket producing counterfeit Indian currency within Nepal. His anti-Indian criminal activities had rankled the Indian government for more than a decade and a half prior.<ref>{{Cite news |date=10 March 2011 |title='Indian' contract killer targets 'Dawood's man' in Nepal jail |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/south-asia/Indian-contract-killer-targets-Dawoods-man-in-Nepal-jail/articleshow/7670573.cms |access-date=2025-12-19 |work=[[The Times of India]] |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=8 February 2010 |title=Chhota Rajan gang killed Nepal baron |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/latest-headlines/story/chhota-rajan-gang-killed-nepal-baron-66920-2010-02-08 |access-date=2025-12-19 |website=[[Mail Today]] |publisher=[[India Today]] |language=en}}</ref>

The [[United States Department of the Treasury]] keeps a fact sheet on Ibrahim which contains reports of his syndicate having smuggling routes from [[South Asia]], the [[Middle East]] and [[Africa]] shared with and used by the terrorist organization [[al-Qaeda]]. The fact sheet also says that Ibrahim's syndicate is involved in large-scale shipment of narcotics in the [[United Kingdom]] and [[Western Europe]]. He is also believed to have had contacts with al-Qaeda leader [[Osama bin Laden]]. In the late 1990s, Ibrahim travelled to Afghanistan under the [[Taliban]]'s protection. The syndicate has consistently aimed to destabilise India through [[Religious violence in India|riots]], terrorism, [[civil unrest]] and pumping [[Fake Indian currency note|fake Indian currency notes]] into the country.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |date=2025-02-08 |title=Treasury Sanctions Two Indian Nationals and a Company Based in Pakistan for Ties to the South Asian Criminal Network ‘D Company’ |url=https://home.treasury.gov/news/press-releases |access-date=2025-12-19 |website=[[United States Department of the Treasury]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |author=Windrem |first=Robert |date=11 July 2006 |title=Possible al-Qaida link to India train attacks |url=http://www.nbcnews.com/id/13815413 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130311125130/http://www.nbcnews.com/id/13815413/ |archive-date=11 March 2013 |access-date=10 April 2007 |publisher=[[NBC News]]}}</ref>

Presently, Ibrahim's criminal activities are terror funding, drug trafficking, [[Arms trafficking in India|gunrunning]], extortion and [[Money laundering in India|money laundering]]. He has also heavily invested in the real estate of [[Real estate in Pakistan|Karachi]], [[Real estate in Dubai|Dubai]] and India. He is believed to control much of the [[hawala]] system, which is the very commonly used [[informal value transfer system|unofficial system for transferring money]] and remittances outside the view of official agents.<ref name=":8" /><ref name=":7" />
He was linked to the financing of increasing attacks in [[Gujarat]] by the [[Lashkar-e-Taiba]] (LeT).<ref name="Rediff22">{{cite news |date=17 October 2003 |title=Dawood Ibrahim is a global terrorist: US |url=http://www.rediff.com/news/2003/oct/17daw.htm |access-date=10 April 2007 |work=[[Rediff.com]]}}</ref> ''[[India Today]]'' reported that Ibrahim provided the logistics for the [[2008 Mumbai attacks]] perpetrated by the LeT.<ref name=":1">[http://indiatoday.digitaltoday.in/index.php?option=com_content&issueid=81&task=view&id=21254&sectionid=4&Itemid=1 Issue 81]. ''[[India Today]]''. 28 November 2008. Retrieved 16 April 2012. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081201082310/http://indiatoday.digitaltoday.in/index.php?option=com_content&issueid=81&task=view&id=21254&sectionid=4&Itemid=1|date=1 December 2008}}.</ref>

His D-Company criminal syndicate spreads across [[Asia]], [[Europe]] and Africa, with over 40% of its earnings coming from India.<ref name=":8">[http://www.tribuneindia.com/2000/20001231/main1.htm Main News]. ''[[The Tribune (India)|The Tribune]]''. 31 December 2000. Retrieved 16 April 2012.</ref><ref name=":7" />

==Sanctions and location==
In 2003, he was designated a global terrorist by the [[Al-Qaida and Taliban Sanctions Committee]] of the [[United Nations Security Council]] and by the United States for masterminding the 1993 Bombay bombings.<ref name=":6">{{Cite web |title=Dawood Ibrahim Kaskar |url=https://main.un.org/securitycouncil/en/sanctions/1267/aq_sanctions_list/summaries/individual/dawood-ibrahim-kaskar |access-date=2025-12-19 |website=[[United Nations Security Council]] |publisher=[[United Nations]]}}</ref><ref name=":4" /><ref name="Rediff22" /> The [[Rewards for Justice Program|United States has a reward]] of US$25 million on his head.<ref name=":2">{{cite web |title=IBRAHIM, Dawood |url=https://sanctionssearch.ofac.treas.gov/Details.aspx?id=9758 |website=[[Office of Foreign Assets Control]] |publisher=[[United States Department of the Treasury]]}}</ref> Then [[Deputy Prime Minister of India|Indian Deputy Prime Minister]] [[L. K. Advani|Lal Krishna Advani]] described it as a major development. Ibrahim is on the [[NIA Most Wanted]] list in India.<ref name="Rediff22" /> He has also been wanted by Interpol since 1993 for organised crime and forgery.<ref name="Interpol2">{{cite web |title=Shaikh, Dawood Hasan |url=http://www.interpol.int/Wanted-Persons/%28wanted_id%29/1993-14193 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20121212010010/http://www.interpol.int/Wanted-Persons/(wanted_id)/1993-14193 |archive-date=12 December 2012 |access-date=30 December 2012 |publisher=[[Interpol]]}}</ref>

In the United States, the [[United States Department of the Treasury]] [[Office of Foreign Assets Control]] designates Ibrahim as a terrorist on the [[Specially Designated Nationals List]] and under the [[Foreign Narcotics Kingpin Designation Act]] as part of its international sanctions programme, effectively forbidding US financial entities from working with him and seizing assets believed to be under his control.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> In 2006, the [[Federal government of the United States|U.S. government]] announced that it planned to file a petition with the [[United Nations]] requesting that all [[Member states of the United Nations|UN member states]] [[asset freezing|freeze assets]] of Ibrahim and impose a [[travel ban]] on him in order to identify and disrupt the financial links between terrorism and organised crime.<ref name="ID22" />

On 21 November 2006, it was ten members of Dawood Ibrahim's D-Company were arrested by the [[Mumbai Crime Branch]] after being extradited from the [[United Arab Emirates]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dubai extradites 10 Dawood aides |url=http://in.rediff.com/news/2006/nov/21arrest.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070603091639/http://in.rediff.com/news/2006/nov/21arrest.htm |archive-date=2007-06-03 |access-date=2025-12-19 |website=[[Rediff.com]]}}</ref> In 2013, the [[Government of Nepal|Nepalese government]] froze the assets of 224 individuals and 64 entities linked to Dawood Ibrahim as part of an [[Anti–money laundering|anti-money laundering]] campaign.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nepal freezes assets of entities with Dawood, Al Qaeda links |url=http://www.indistannews.com/nepal-freezes-assets-of-entities-with-dawood-al-qaeda-links/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131229163322/http://www.indistannews.com/nepal-freezes-assets-of-entities-with-dawood-al-qaeda-links/ |archive-date=2013-12-29 |access-date=2025-12-19 |website=Indistan News |language=en-US}}</ref>

In 2020, the Indian government sold off Dawood's six properties in his ancestral village in [[Ratnagiri district]] in [[Konkan|coastal Konkan]] in Maharashtra. The government organized the [[Online auction|e-auction]] of his properties under the Smugglers and Foreign Exchange Manipulators (Forfeiture of Property) Act (SAFEMA), 1976. In November 2017, Dawood's three properties, including the famous Rounaq Afroz Restaurant, also known as Delhi Zaika, were auctioned off by the government.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-11-10 |title=Central government sells Dawood Ibrahim’s six properties at Ratnagiri |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/mumbai-news/central-government-sells-dawood-ibrahim-s-six-properties-at-ratnagiri/story-fzwPbp3qC9ruDGnfEhlcLP.html |access-date=2025-12-19 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Singh |first=Varun |title=Dawood Ibrahim's ancestral home in Ratnagiri to be soon put on auction |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/report-dawood-ibrahim-s-ancestral-home-in-ratnagiri-to-be-soon-put-on-auction-2762013 |access-date=2025-12-19 |website=[[DNA India]] |language=en}}</ref>

Many attempts have been made to locate Ibrahim by the Indian intelligence agencies, [[Research and Analysis Wing]] and [[Intelligence Bureau (India)|Intelligence Bureau]] (IB), ever since he went into hiding after the 1993 Bombay bombings. Ibrahim has previously been reported to be in Pakistan or the United Arab Emirates at various times.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2013-08-09 |title=Dawood Ibrahim chased out of Pakistan: PM's special envoy |url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/588663/dawood-ibrahim-chased-out-of-pakistan-pms-special-envoy |access-date=2025-12-19 |website=[[The Express Tribune]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=10 August 2013 |title=Dawood Ibrahim was here but we chased him out, may be in UAE now: Shahryar Khan |url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/dawood-ibrahim-was-here-but-we-chased-him-out-may-be-in-uae-now-shahryar-khan/1153581/ |access-date=12 April 2014 |work=[[Indian Express]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Dawood Ibrahim was in Pak till April 2013: IPL spot-fixing chargesheet |url=http://ibnlive.in.com/cnnibn-videos/413193/time-crunch-10082013.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131019170120/http://ibnlive.in.com/cnnibn-videos/413193/time-crunch-10082013.html |archive-date=2013-10-19 |access-date=2025-12-19 |website=[[CNN-IBN]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=1993 Bombay attack mastermind Dawood Ibrahim is in Pakistan |url=http://dinakaran.com/News_Detail.asp?nid=30254 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121108091808/http://dinakaran.com/News_Detail.asp?nid=30254 |archive-date=2012-11-08 |access-date=2025-12-19 |website=[[Dinakaran]] |language=ta}}</ref> His current location has been frequently traced to [[Karachi]], Pakistan, a claim which the [[Government of Pakistan|Pakistani authorities]] have frequently denied.<ref name="BanksNevers20072">{{cite book |last1=Banks |first1=William C. |author-link1=William C. Banks |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=g2UXBAAAQBAJ&pg=PT113 |title=Combating Terrorism: Strategies and Approaches |author2=Nevers |first2=Renée de |author3=Wallerstein |first3=Mitchel B. |author-link3=Mitchel B. Wallerstein |date=1 October 2007 |publisher=[[SAGE Publications]] |isbn=978-1-4833-7092-7 |page=113}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=19 October 2007 |title=Pakistan denies Dawood's presence on its soil |url=https://www.rediff.com/news/2007/oct/19pakpoll1.htm |access-date=2025-12-19 |website=[[Rediff.com]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2015-05-11 |title=Envoy denies Dawood’s presence in Pakistan |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/envoy-denies-dawoods-presence-in-pakistan/article7195012.ece |access-date=2025-12-19 |work=[[The Hindu]] |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=21 March 2013 |title=Exclusive: This is where Dawood lives in Karachi. A la Osama, the Pakistanis don't know! |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/north/story/dawood-ibrahim-sanjay-dutt-1993-mumbai-blasts-pakistan-156738-2013-03-21 |access-date=2025-12-19 |website=[[Mail Today]] |publisher=[[India Today]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Bhalla |first=Abhishek |date=11 August 2013 |title=Pakistan's Dawood lie nailed! RAW report on terrorist's Pak stay shows he wasn't chased out of country |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/north/story/raw-report-on-terrorist-dawood-pakistan-stay-shows-he-was-not-chased-out-173450-2013-08-10 |access-date=2025-12-19 |website=[[India Today]] |language=en}}</ref> In an interview with ''[[India Today]]'', Chhota Rajan, a former aide of Ibrahim, with whom he later fell out in 1992, said, "He [Ibrahim] does travel out of Pakistan once in a while but Karachi is his base."<ref>{{Cite web |date=31 January 1996 |title=I will return to India and face trial but after teaching Dawood a lesson: Chhota Rajan |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/interview/story/19960131-i-will-return-to-india-and-face-trial-but-after-teaching-dawood-a-lesson-says-chhota-rajan-833413-1996-01-30 |access-date=2025-12-19 |website=[[India Today]] |language=en}}</ref>

In 2006, the government of India handed over to Pakistan, a list of 38 most wanted criminals including Ibrahim.<ref name="ID22">{{cite news |date=2 June 2006 |title=Bush administration imposes sanctions on India's most wanted criminals |url=http://www.indiadaily.com/editorial/9367.asp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070212112236/http://www.indiadaily.com/editorial/9367.asp |archive-date=12 February 2007 |publisher=India Daily |df=dmy}}</ref>

On 11 May, [[Rajnath Singh]], the then [[Home Minister of India]], told the parliament that Ibrahim was in Pakistan and he will bring him back to India.<ref name="ind-exp-inpakistan2">{{cite news |date=11 May 2015 |title=Dawood Ibrahim is in Pakistan, Rajnath assures Lok Sabha |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/dawood-ibrahim-is-in-pakistan-rajnath-assures-lok-sabha/ |access-date=19 May 2015 |newspaper=[[Indian Express]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |date=11 May 2015 |title=Rajnath says Dawood is in Pakistan |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/dawood-ibrahim-rajnath-singh-pakistan-252303-2015-05-08 |access-date=19 May 2015 |magazine=[[India Today]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Former officers contradict centre's claim of Dawood Ibrahim being untraceable |url=http://www.ibnlive.com/videos/india/former-officers-contradict-centres-claim-of-dawood-ibrahim-being-untraceable-congress-sees-red-987622.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160202102219/http://www.ibnlive.com/videos/india/former-officers-contradict-centres-claim-of-dawood-ibrahim-being-untraceable-congress-sees-red-987622.html |archive-date=2 February 2016 |access-date=8 June 2015 |newspaper=[[IBN Live]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Dawood in Pakistan, Will Get Him No Matter What: Rajnath Singh in Parliament |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/dawood-in-pakistan-will-get-him-no-matter-what-rajnath-singh-in-parliament-762125 |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20250703110111/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/dawood-in-pakistan-will-get-him-no-matter-what-rajnath-singh-in-parliament-762125 |archive-date=2025-07-03 |access-date=2025-12-19 |work=[[NDTV]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Dawood in Pakistan, we will get him back: Rajnath Singh |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/dawood-is-in-pakistan-india-will-leave-no-stone-unturned-to-bring-him-back-rajnath/article1-1345945.aspx |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20150919104123/http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/dawood-is-in-pakistan-india-will-leave-no-stone-unturned-to-bring-him-back-rajnath/article1-1345945.aspx |archive-date=2015-09-19 |access-date=2025-12-19 |website=[[Hindustan Times]] |language=en}}</ref> The claims were further established in August 2015, when a phone call made to his home by an Indian television channel, ''[[Times Now]]'', was answered by his wife, who confirmed his presence at their home in Karachi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Times Now tracks Dawood Ibrahim |url=http://www.timesnow.tv/videoshow/4479776.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150824080224/http://www.timesnow.tv/videoshow/4479776.cms |archive-date=2015-08-24 |access-date=2025-12-19 |website=[[Times Now]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2015-08-22 |title=Dawood's wife confirms her husband is in Karachi |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Dawoods-wife-confirms-her-husband-is-in-Karachi/articleshow/48616473.cms |access-date=2025-12-19 |work=[[The Times of India]] |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> According to a dossier on Ibrahim prepared by Indian intelligence agencies in August 2015, to be handed over to Pakistan, Ibrahim has nine residences in Pakistan and has three Pakistani passports which he frequently uses to travel.<ref name=":5" /><ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=15 September 2018 |title=Dawood Ibrahim has nine residences in Pakistan, Delhi says |url=https://gulfnews.com/world/asia/pakistan/dawood-ibrahim-has-nine-residences-in-pakistan-delhi-says-1.1571342 |access-date=2025-12-19 |website=[[Gulf News]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=22 August 2015 |title=Dawood Ibrahim purchased property close to Bhutto son's house in 2013 |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/dawood-ibrahim-purchased-property-close-to-bhutto-sons-house-in-2013/article7569182.ece |access-date=2025-12-19 |work=[[The Hindu]] |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=23 August 2015 |title=Dawood Ibrahim’s new residence in Karachi near Bilawal’s residence |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/india-has-evidence-of-dawood-ibrahim-living-in-pakistan-report/ |access-date=2025-12-19 |website=[[The Indian Express]] |language=en}}</ref>{{Excerpt|Organised crime in Pakistan|paragraphs=2|hat=no}}On 22 August 2020, Pakistan amid looming [[Financial Action Task Force]] sanctions issued two notifications listing and sanctioning key terrorist figures including Dawood and 87 others.<ref>{{Cite web |date=23 August 2020 |title=Dawood Ibrahim Will Never Face Trial In India; No Closure For Families Of Mumbai Blasts Victims |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/national/news-analysis-dawood-ibrahim-will-never-face-trial-in-india-no-closure-for-families-of-mumbai-blasts-victims-news-359194 |access-date=2025-12-19 |website=[[Outlook India]] |language=en}}</ref><ref name="IndiaToday" /> In it, three addresses of Dawood Ibrahim were listed "White House, Near Saudi Mosque, [[Clifton, Karachi|Clifton]]" in Karachi, Pakistan; in addition to "House No. 37 – 30th Street – [[Defence Housing Authority, Karachi|defence, Housing Authority]], Karachi" and "Palatial bungalow in the hilly area of Noorabad in Karachi".<ref>{{cite web |date=23 August 2020 |title=Where does Dawood Ibrahim live in Karachi? Pakistan has three addresses |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/where-does-dawood-ibrahim-live-in-karachi-pakistan-has-three-addresses/story-yQQycwMwEOePyQSc6PluZI.html |access-date=2020-08-23 |website=[[Hindustan Times]]}}</ref> Pakistan denied it was admitting he was in Pakistan, stating the notifications only contained what was listed in the list of sanctioned individuals and the entities belonging to the United Nations.<ref name="IndiaToday">{{cite web |date=23 August 2020 |title=Now, Pakistan denies presence of Dawood Ibrahim in Karachi, says media claims are baseless |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/world/story/pakistan-denies-presence-dawood-ibrahim-karachi-baseless-un-india-grey-list-fatf-1714095-2020-08-23 |access-date=2020-08-23 |website=[[India Today]]}}</ref> He had been designated by the Al-Qaida and Taliban Sanctions Committee of the United Nations Security Council with those addresses in 2003.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=AQ Sanctions List |url=https://www.un.org/securitycouncil/sanctions/1267/aq_sanctions_list |website=[[United Nations Security Council]] |publisher=[[United Nations]]}}</ref>

==Personal life and family==
Ibrahim's wife is Mahjabeen Shaikh {{Aka}} Zubeena Zareen.<ref name=":5">{{Cite news |date=2015-10-29 |title=It's official: Ahead of NSA talks fresh photo passport copy of Dawood confirm he's in Pakistan |url=http://www.firstpost.com/india/its-official-again-ahead-of-nsa-talks-fresh-photo-passport-copy-of-dawood-confirm-hes-in-pakistan-2403302.html |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20170126135426/http://www.firstpost.com/india/its-official-again-ahead-of-nsa-talks-fresh-photo-passport-copy-of-dawood-confirm-hes-in-pakistan-2403302.html |archive-date=2017-01-26 |access-date=2025-12-19 |work=[[Firstpost]] |language=en-US}}</ref>

In 2006, Ibrahim's daughter, Mahrukh Ibrahim, married Junaid Miandad, the son of Pakistani cricketer [[Javed Miandad]].<ref name="BBC">{{cite news |date=12 September 2006 |title=Profile: India's fugitive gangster |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/4775531.stm |work=[[BBC News]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Ex-Pak cricketer Javed Miandad praises Dawood Ibrahim, says 'he did a lot for Muslims' |url=https://www.msn.com/en-in/sports/cricket/ex-pak-cricketer-javed-miandad-praises-dawood-ibrahim-says-he-did-a-lot-for-muslims/ar-BB1kaBhW |access-date=2025-12-19 |website=[[MSN]]}}</ref> In 2011, his daughter Mehreen, 24, married Ayub, a [[Pakistani Americans|Pakistani-American]].<ref>{{cite web |date=4 October 2011 |title=Tale behind weddings of Dawood Ibrahim's children |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/world/neighbours/story/dawood-ibrahim-children-weddings-142619-2011-10-03 |access-date=2015-08-10 |publisher=[[India Today]]}}</ref>

His only son Moin married Saniya, daughter of a London-based businessman on 25 September 2011.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Sharma |first=Deepak |date=September 28, 2011 |title=Dawood's son Moin marries London girl in Karachi |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/world/neighbours/story/dawood-ibrahim-son-moin-ibrahim-marriage-142203-2011-09-28 |website=[[India Today]]}}</ref> Moin lives in Karachi, Pakistan where he teaches in a mosque, having [[Hafiz (Quran)|memorized the Qur'an]] and become a [[Mawlānā|maulana]], while being critical of his father's criminal activities.<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 November 2017 |title=Dawood Ibrahim's only son becomes 'maulana', gives underworld don fits of depression over legacy |url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/1570902/3-dawood-ibrahims-son-becomes-maulana-gives-underworld-don-fits-depression-legacy |website=[[The Express Tribune]]}}</ref>

Several of his family members, including his brother, Iqbal, live in Mumbai, and he is the owner of several properties in the city.<ref>{{Cite web |date=19 November 2009 |title=Unfair to deny passport for being Dawood's brother: Kaskar |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/unfair-to-deny-passport-for-being-dawoods-brother-kaskar/ |website=[[Indian Express]]}}</ref> In May 2015, Dawood Ibrahim's estimated net worth was {{USD|6.7 billion}}.<ref>{{Cite web |date=29 April 2017 |title=Dawood Ibrahim is 2nd richest gangster of all time; 10 things about most wanted global terrorist |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/dawood-ibrahim-pakistan-karachi-974276-2017-04-29 |access-date=2025-12-19 |website=[[India Today]] |language=en}}</ref>

In 2013, former Indian cricketer [[Dilip Vengsarkar]] claimed that in 1986, Dawood Ibrahim entered the [[India national cricket team|Indian team]]'s dressing room in [[Sharjah Cricket Stadium|Sharjah]] and offered each Indian player a car if they defeated Pakistan in the final of the [[Sharjah Cup]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2013-10-28 |title=Dawood entered Indian dressing room in 1986, offered cars to players: Vengsarkar |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/top-stories/Dawood-entered-Indian-dressing-room-in-1986-offered-cars-to-players-Vengsarkar/articleshow/24822450.cms |access-date=2025-12-19 |work=[[The Times of India]] |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

==In popular culture==

=== Bollywood ===
Ibrahim and his criminal syndicate [[D-Company]] have been linked to the financing of the [[Bollywood]] film industry. A number of Bollywood studios and films were financed by D-Company in the 1980s and 1990s. Ibrahim was linked to a number of celebrities during that time, including the beauty pageant contestant [[Anita Ayoob]] and the Bollywood actress [[Mandakini (actress)|Mandakini]]. D-Company is also known for extortion and threats targeted towards Bollywood producers and celebrities, and was involved in the murders of Bollywood producers Javed Siddique and [[Gulshan Kumar]].<ref>[https://www.scoopwhoop.com/inothernews/bollywood-underworld-connection/ 10 Times Bollywood Actors Crossed Paths With The Underworld]. ''[[ScoopWhoop]]''. 11 August 2015.</ref>

[[Vijay Maurya]] portrayed him in the [[Anurag Kashyap]] film ''[[Black Friday (2004 film)|Black Friday]]'' (2004), which is based on the 1993 Bombay bombings. The 2002 film ''[[Company (2002 film)|Company]]'' is loosely based on D-Company's activities, as were ''[[D (film)|D]]'' (2005), ''[[Risk (2007 film)|Risk]]'' (2007), ''[[Shootout at Lokhandwala]]'' (2007) and its sequel [[Shootout at Wadala]] (2013), ''[[Once Upon a Time in Mumbaai]]'' (2010) and its sequel ''[[Once Upon ay Time in Mumbai Dobaara!]]'' (2013), and [[D-Day (2013 film)|''D-Day'']] (2013).<ref name="em">{{cite web |date=7 March 2011 |title=Akshay to play dreaded don Dawood? |url=http://www.emirates247.com/entertainment/films-music/akshay-to-play-dreaded-don-dawood-2011-03-07-1.364805 |publisher=[[Emirates247]]}}</ref> The titular antagonist in the 2016 Indian action-drama film, ''[[Dongri Ka Raja]]'', is based on Ibrahim and is portrayed by [[Gashmeer Mahajani]]. The film ''[[Haseena Parkar]]'' (2017) is a biographical crime film based on his sister, Haseena Parkar. Another 2017 film, [[Daddy (2017 film)|''Daddy'']], which is based on [[Arun Gawli]], one of Ibrahim's rivals, saw [[Farhan Akhtar]] portray Maqsood, a character loosely based on Ibrahim. ''[[Coffee with D]]'', a comedy film about Ibrahim released in 2017. He is portrayed by Danish Iqbal in the 2026 Indian spy thriller film ''[[Dhurandhar: The Revenge]]''.

==== Actors who have portrayed Dawood Ibrahim in films ====
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Year
!Film
!Actor
!Character's name
!Lead role
!Story
|-
|2002
|''[[Company (2002 film)|Company]]''
|[[Ajay Devgn]]
|Malik
|{{Ya}}
|Based on true events
|-
|2004
|''[[Black Friday (2004 film)|Black Friday]]''
|[[Vijay Maurya]]
|Dawood Ibrahim
|{{Na}}
|Biographical
|-
|2005
|''[[D (film)|D]]''
|[[Randeep Hooda]]
|Deshu
|{{Ya}}
|rowspan="2" |Fictional
|-
|rowspan="2" |2007
|''[[Risk (2007 film)|Risk]]''
|[[Vinod Khanna]]
|Khalid Bin Jamal
|{{Ya}}
|-
|''[[Shootout at Lokhandwala]]''
|Unknown
|Big Boss
|{{Na}}
|Biographical
|-
|2010
|''[[Once Upon a Time in Mumbaai]]''
|[[Emraan Hashmi]]
| rowspan="2" |Shoaib Khan
|{{Ya}}
|Based on true events
|-
| rowspan="3" |2013
|''[[Once Upon ay Time in Mumbai Dobaara!|Once Upon a Time in Mumbaai Dobaara!]]''
|[[Akshay Kumar]]
|{{Ya}}
|Fictional
|-
|''[[Shootout at Wadala]]''
|[[Sonu Sood]]
|Dilawar Imtiaz Haksar
|{{Na}}
|Biographical
|-
|[[D-Day (2013 film)|''D-Day'']]
|[[Rishi Kapoor]]
|Iqbal Seth {{Aka}} Goldman
|{{Ya}}
|Fictional
|-
| rowspan="3" |2017
|[[Daddy (2017 film)|''Daddy'']]
|[[Farhan Akhtar]]
|Maqsood
|{{Na}}
| rowspan="2" |Biographical
|-
|''[[Haseena Parkar]]''
|[[Siddhanth Kapoor]]
|Dawood Ibrahim
|{{Na}}
|-
|''[[Coffee with D]]''
|[[Zakir Hussain (actor)|Zakir Hussain]]
|D
|{{Ya}}
|Fictional
|-
|2022
|''[[An Action Hero]]''
|Gautam Joglekar
|Masood Abraham Katkar
|{{Na}}
|Fictional
|-
|2026
|''[[Dhurandhar: The Revenge]]''
|Danish Iqbal
|Dawood Ibrahim
|{{Na}}
|Based on true events
|}

=== Video games ===
The 2018 video game ''[[Hitman 2 (2018 video game)|Hitman 2]]'' features a Mumbai crime lord "Dawood Rangan" who is active in the Indian film industry, presumably as a reference to Ibrahim himself.

=== Non-fiction books ===
''[[Dongri to Dubai: Six Decades of the Mumbai Mafia]]'' and ''[[Byculla to Bangkok]]'' are non-fiction books by former Indian investigative journalist [[Hussain Zaidi]]. They trace the evolution of the Mumbai mafia. ''Shootout at Wadala'' is based on ''Dongri to Dubai''.

B. V. Kumar wrote ''DRI and the Dons'', an English-language book about Dawood Ibrahim.

==See also==
{{Portal|India|Pakistan
}}
* [[List of fugitives from justice who disappeared]]
* [[Organised crime in India]]
* [[Tiger Memon]]
* [[Yakub Memon]]
* [[Chhota Shakeel]]

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

==External links==
* [http://www.outlookindia.com/magazine/story/at-home-in-exile/210415 At Home In Exile]. [[Outlook (Indian magazine)|''Outlook India'']].
* [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/4775531.stm BBC Profile on Ibrahim]. [[BBC News]].
* [http://www.frontline.in/static/html/fl1607/16070420.htm Mumbai's Mafia War]. [[Frontline (magazine)|''Frontline'']].

{{Authority control}}
{{Fugitives wanted by India}}
{{2008 Mumbai attacks}}
{{Organised crime in India}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ibrahim, Dawood}}
[[Category:1955 births]]
[[Category:1993 Bombay bombings]]
[[Category:Businesspeople from Mumbai]]
[[Category:Confidence tricksters]]
[[Category:Crime in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Crime in the United Arab Emirates]]
[[Category:Criminals from Mumbai]]
[[Category:D-Company]]
[[Category:Fugitives wanted by India]]
[[Category:Fugitives wanted by the United States]]
[[Category:Fugitives wanted on counterfeiting charges]]
[[Category:Fugitives wanted on organised crime charges]]
[[Category:Fugitives wanted on terrorism charges]]
[[Category:Indian counterfeiters]]
[[Category:Indian drug traffickers]]
[[Category:Indian expatriates in Pakistan]]
[[Category:Indian expatriates in the United Arab Emirates]]
[[Category:Indian crime bosses]]
[[Category:Indian people convicted of money laundering]]
[[Category:Indian smugglers]]
[[Category:Konkani Muslims]]
[[Category:Organised crime in Pakistan]]
[[Category:People sanctioned under the Foreign Narcotics Kingpin Designation Act]]
[[Category:Specially Designated Nationals and Blocked Persons List]]
[[Category:Possibly living people]]
[[Category:People designated by the Al-Qaida and Taliban Sanctions Committee]]
[[Category:People charged with terrorism]]
[[Category:Fugitives wanted on drug trafficking charges]]
[[Category:Fugitives wanted on murder charges]]
[[Category:People charged with murder]]

Ankush Chaudhari

2026-03-29T00:42:36Z

EveMagill33: updated page

{{Short description|Indian actor}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2019}}

{{Infobox person
| name = Ankush Chaudhari
| image = Ankush Choudhary at Music Launch of Dagdi Chawl.jpg
| caption =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1973|01|31|df=y}}<ref>{{Cite news |title=Ankush Chaudhari celebrating 49th birthday today |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/happy-birthday-ankush-chaudhari-double-seat-to-duniyadari-a-look-at-the-best-marathi-movies-of-the-actor/photostory/89238169.cms |access-date= |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>
| birth_place = [[Pune]], Maharashtra, India
| alma_mater =
| other_names =
| years_active = 1995–present
| spouse = {{marriage|[[Deepa Parab]]|2007}}
| occupation = {{hlist|Film actor|director|producer|screenwriter}}
| awards = [[#Accolades|Full list]]
}}

'''Ankush Chaudhari''' (Marathi pronunciation: [[Help:IPA/Marathi|[əŋkuʃ t͡səu̯dʱəɾiː]]]) is an Indian film actor, screenwriter, director, producer and theatre personality known for his works in [[Marathi cinema]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last=MISSING-VALUE|first=MISSING-VALUE|title=Cinema|journal=Gender, Culture, and Performance|year=2017|pages=313–374|doi=10.4324/9781315093703-19|doi-broken-date=11 July 2025 |isbn=9781315093703}}</ref> Ankush is known as one of the most successful actors in marathi cinema. He has received several awards including three [[Filmfare Awards Marathi]]. He is one of the highest-paid actors of the Marathi industry.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Highest Paid actors of Marathi industry |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/photofeatures/highest-paid-marathi-actors-and-actresses/ankush-choudhari/photostory/64568396.cms?from=mdr |access-date= |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

He won his first [[Filmfare Awards Marathi|Filmfare Award Marathi]] for [[Filmfare Critics Award for Best Actor – Marathi|Critics Award Best Actor]] for his film ''[[Double Seat]]''.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2016-11-28 |title=Ankush Chaudhary wins Best Actor Critics at the Filmfare Awards |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/ankush-chaudhary-wins-best-actor-critics-at-the-filmfare-awards/articleshow/55670737.cms |access-date=2025-07-15 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> He won his second [[Filmfare Awards Marathi|Filmfare Award Marathi]] in category of [[Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Marathi|Best Actor]] for his film ''[[Dhurala]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ankush Choudhary Films and Shows – Apple TV |url=https://tv.apple.com/gb/person/ankush-choudhary/umc.cpc.5k1u1nu33qfmhg0ojg75rw97k |access-date=2025-07-15 |website=Apple TV |language=en-GB}}</ref>He won his third [[Filmfare Awards Marathi|Filmfare]] for his performance in the film ''[[Maharashtra Shahir]]''.

== Early life ==
Chaudhari was born on 31 January 1973, in [[Pune]]. Due to financial struggles at home, Chaudhari had to sell fruits and vegetables, but his love for acting never faded. Despite being actively involved in cultural programs, Ankush did not get a chance to pursue his passion for acting until later. He first participated in solo competitions, then excelled in dramas and eventually made a mark in theatrical productions.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-10-16 |title=I treat films like theatre: Ankush Chaudhari |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/regional-movies/i-treat-films-like-theatre-ankush-chaudhari/story-bNStHaZbwIt9W7JbKMc4xK.html |access-date= |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref>

In [[Krishnarao Sable|Shahir Sable's]] program, Chaudhari found an opportunity to showcase his dancing skills. On the stage, he danced with various artists, concluding the show with a captivating performance.<ref>{{Cite web |title=तुझं वय सांगून गोची करणार नाही... केदार शिंदे यांनी केलेली पोस्ट ठरतेय चर्चेचा विषय |url=https://maharashtratimes.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/bollywood-news/director-kedar-shinde-birthday-post-for-marathi-actor-ankush-chaudhary/articleshow/97478541.cms |access-date= |website=Maharashtra Times |language=mr}}</ref> During this time, Chaudhari collaborated with [[Bharat Jadhav]], [[Kedar Shinde]], and [[Sanjay Narvekar]]. His partnership with [[Kedar Shinde]] resulted in numerous successful one-act plays, contributing significantly to the world of Marathi cinema.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-10-31 |title="माझ्या मित्राचा संसार..." केदार शिंदेंनी अंकुश चौधरीच्या पत्नीसाठी केलेली 'ती' पोस्ट चर्चेत {{!}} |url=https://www.loksatta.com/manoranjan/director-kedar-shinde-share-special-post-for-ankush-chaudhari-wife-deepa-parab-birthday-nrp-97-3226740/ |access-date= |website=Loksatta |language=mr}}</ref>

==Career==
[[File: Ankush in 2012.jpg|upright|thumb|alt=|Ankush in the press meet of No Entry Pudhe Dhoka Aahey in 2012]]
Ankush and his artist friends teamed up to make the play ''All the Best'', which became a quick hit, bringing Ankush success in a short time.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Shenoy |first=Anupama |date=2002-04-21 |title=All The Best, Hunh: 8000 Shows Of The Play |url=https://www.mansworldindia.com/currentedition/from-the-magazine/best-hunh-8000-shows-play/ |access-date= |website=Man's World India |language=en-GB}}</ref> Encouraged by this, they created two more popular plays. People all over [[Maharashtra]] loved these shows, especially ''Housefull'', which became a big hit. Ankush's plays were widely appreciated, making him a successful figure in the world of performing arts.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2014-09-02 |title=Actor Bharat Jadhav reminisces his 'All The Best' days |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/theatre/all-the-best-bharat-jadhav/articleshow/41507781.cms?from=mdr |access-date= |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> He received applause from the audience for his roles in many plays. His play ''Gopala Re Gopala'' is one of the well-known Marathi dramas. He made his debut in the play ''[[Hasa Chakat Fu]]'' in 1999.{{cn|date=July 2025}} Later, He ventured into Marathi films, showcasing his acting skills honed through his experiences in theater.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bharat Jadhav And Ankush Chaudhari In A Throwback Post Look Unbelievable |url=https://www.spotboye.com/marathi/marathi-news/bharat-jadhav-and-ankush-chaudhari-in-a-throwback-post-look-unbelievable/6017d551bb65aa1f7e597774 |access-date= |website=www.spotboye.com}}</ref>

Ankush's first film in Marathi cinema was ''Suna Yeti Ghara''.{{cn|date=July 2025}} However, this film didn't gain widespread popularity. It was his role in the Hindi film ''[[Jis Desh Mein Ganga Rehta Hain|Jis Desh Mein Ganga Rehta Hai]]'' that brought him recognition.<ref>{{Cite web |title=rediff.com, Movies: Showbuzz! Dada No 2 |url=https://m.rediff.com/movies/2000/oct/05govin.htm |access-date= |website=m.rediff.com}}</ref> Ankush's name became associated with Marathi film producers when he took on a small role in this Hindi film. The 21st century proved to be crucial for him. During this time, he became the first Marathi superstar, leaving a lasting impact with films like ''[[Savarkhed Ek Gaon]]'', ''Aai Shappath'', ''[[Matichya Chuli]]'', ''Yanda Kartavya Aahe'', ''Sanshaykallol'', ''[[Checkmate (2008 film)|Checkmate]]'', ''[[Gaiir]]'', and ''[[Bluffmaster!]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Savarkhed: Ek Gaav (2004) |url=https://www.radiotimes.com/movie-guide/b-6ixicz/savarkhed-ek-gaav/ |access-date= |website=Radio Times |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-01-28 |title=Matichya Chuli (2006) {{!}} Movie Review, Trailers, Music Videos, Songs, Wallpapers – Bollywood Hungama |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/508006 |access-date= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130128055815/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/508006 |archive-date=28 January 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2018-11-06 |title=9 years of 'Gaiir': Sandeep Kulkarni shares a throwback poster as he reminisces his time on the Marathi film sets |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/9-years-of-gaiir-sandeep-kulkarni-shares-a-throwback-poster-as-he-reminisces-his-time-on-the-marathi-film-sets/articleshow/66525707.cms?from=mdr |access-date= |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

The film ''[[Duniyadari]]'' marked a significant milestone in Ankush's career, with his portrayal of the character "Digya".<ref>{{Cite web |title=7 Years Of Duniyadari: Sanjay Jadhav, Ankush Chaudhari, Jitendra Joshi, Sushant Shelar, And Others Celebrate The Memories |url=https://www.spotboye.com/marathi/marathi-news/7-years-of-duniyadari-sanjay-jadhav-jitendra-joshi-sushant-shelar-and-others-celebrate-the-memories/5f1584541cc6671462b8ae1a |access-date= |website=www.spotboye.com}}</ref> This role, depicting a charismatic young man, became a defining moment in Ankush's [[filmography]]. The film's global appeal was heightened by Ankush's dashing style, making it a major attraction for the audience.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-07-18 |title='दुनियादारी'ला 10 वर्ष पूर्ण झाल्याबद्दल कलाकारांचं रेट्रो लूक फोटोशूट |url=https://www.navarashtra.com/web-stories/sai-tamhankar-photos-with-duniyadari-cast-after-film-completed-10-years-nrsr/ |access-date= |website=Marathi News {{!}} Live News in Marathi {{!}} मराठी बातम्या |language=en-US}}</ref> In 2015, Ankush Chaudhari portrayed the character of college student named Satya in the film ''[[Classmates (2015 film)|Classmates]]'' directed by Aditya Sarpotdar.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/Aditya-Sarpotdar-Bancharamer-Bagan-Sonalee-Ankush-Choudhary-Sameer-Vidwans-Kshitij-Patwardhan-Classmates/articleshow/29664186.cms? |title=Sonalee, Ankush to play lead in the remake of Malayalam hit film Classmates |date=12 January 2017 |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=8 June 2018 |archive-date=13 May 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180513165057/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/Aditya-Sarpotdar-Bancharamer-Bagan-Sonalee-Ankush-Choudhary-Sameer-Vidwans-Kshitij-Patwardhan-Classmates/articleshow/29664186.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> In August his romantic drama film ''[[Double Seat]]'' released opposite [[Mukta Barve]] and directed by [[Sameer Vidwans]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/Release-date-of-Double-Seat-is-out/articleshow/47709922.cms |title=Release date of Double Seat is out |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=13 October 2015 |archive-date=27 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170827003113/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/Release-date-of-Double-Seat-is-out/articleshow/47709922.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> It got positive reviews from critics and viewers. The movie became one of the highest grossers of 2015 for [[Marathi cinema]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/Double-Seat-trumps-Brothers/articleshow/48653907.cms |title=Brothers shows cancelled for Double Seat |work=The Times of India |agency=TNN |access-date=1 December 2015 |archive-date=28 August 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150828112201/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/Double-Seat-trumps-Brothers/articleshow/48653907.cms |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://divyamarathi.bhaskar.com/news-rk/BOL-MB-marathi-film-double-seat-collected-rs-5-crore-at-box-office-during-5-days-5088311-PHO.html |title=Marathi Film Double Seat collected Rs 5 crore at box office during 5 Days - divyamarathi.bhaskar.com |website=divyamarathi.bhaskar.com |date=19 August 2015 |access-date=1 December 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150925173633/http://divyamarathi.bhaskar.com/news-rk/BOL-MB-marathi-film-double-seat-collected-rs-5-crore-at-box-office-during-5-days-5088311-PHO.html |archive-date=25 September 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref> In October his action crime thriller [[Daagdi Chaawl (film)|''Daagdi Chaawl'']] releases opposite [[Pooja Sawant]] and directed by debutant Chandrakant Kanse.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/Makarand-Anaspure-protagonist-in-Dagadi-Chawl/articleshow/48740510.cms?from=mdr |title=Makrand Deshpande as Arun Gawli |work=[[The Times of India]] |agency=TNN |date=2 September 2015 |access-date=1 December 2015 |archive-date=25 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150925175940/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/Makarand-Anaspure-protagonist-in-Dagadi-Chawl/articleshow/48740510.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live }}</ref> Daagdi Chaawl completed his hat-trick of blockbuster film for the year 2015.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://maharashtratimes.indiatimes.com/cine-news/dagdi-chawl-marathi-movie/articleshow/49275003.cms |title=dagdi chawl, marathi movie |work=[[Maharashtra Times]] |date=9 October 2015 |access-date=1 December 2015 |archive-date=24 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151124140907/http://maharashtratimes.indiatimes.com/cine-news/dagdi-chawl-marathi-movie/articleshow/49275003.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> The Song "Dhaga Dhaga" become popular among music lovers by topping the music charts.

In 2018, Ankush played a significant role in the Marathi film ''[[Dhurala]]'', which featured a stellar ensemble of Marathi artists. In this movie, Ankush portrayed a disciplined political figure. Additionally, he starred in the film ''[[Daagadi Chawl 2]]'', depicting the life of Don [[Arun Gawli]]. The chemistry between Ankush and [[Pooja Sawant]] in this film was well-received, adding to its success.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-06-20 |title=Teaser of Ankush Chaudhari's Daagdi Chaawl 2 Out, Film Hits Big Screen on August 18 |url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/teaser-of-ankush-chaudharis-daagdi-chaawl-2-out-film-hits-big-screen-on-august-18-5407939.html |access-date= |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref>

==Personal life==
In the play ''All the Best'', actress [[Deepa Parab]] also acted alongside Ankush. They both received training for this play and pursued education together at [[Maharshi Dayanand University|Maharshi Dayanand College]]. After dating for twelve years they were married in 2007.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-deepa-parab-plans-a-maharashtrian-wedding-1136241 |title=Deepa Parab plans a Maharashtrian wedding |date=29 November 2007 |work=DNA |access-date=17 November 2013 |archive-date=31 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170731101653/http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-deepa-parab-plans-a-maharashtrian-wedding-1136241 |url-status=live }}</ref> The couple has one son.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/chyd-ankush-chaudhari-reveals-how-he-proposed-his-wife-and-tu-chal-pudha-actress-deepa-parab-in-their-college-days/articleshow/93755128.cms|title=CHYD: Ankush Chaudhari reveals how he proposed his wife and Tu Chal Pudha actress Deepa Parab in their college days|work=The Times of India|date=24 August 2022|access-date=1 March 2025}}</ref>

== Off-screen work and media image ==
The actor invested undisclosed amount in OTT platform Letsflix Marathi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Letsflix Marathi raises undisclosed amount of funding from Ankush Chaudhari |url=https://www.exchange4media.com/amp/digital-news/letsflix-marathi-raises-undisclosed-amount-of-funding-from-ankush-chaudhari-112503.html |access-date= |website=Indian Advertising Media & Marketing News – exchange4media |date=22 April 2021 }}</ref> He is the brand ambassador of men's wear #Hashtag.<ref>{{Cite web |title=StyleIcon Ankush Chaudhari becomes face of men's clothing brand #Hashtag – MarathiStars |url=https://marathistars.in/gossip/styleicon-ankush-chuadhari-becomes-face-mens-clothing-brand-hashtag/ |access-date= |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= 18 April 2016|title=StyleIcon Ankush Chuadhari becomes face of men's clothing brand #Hashtag |url=https://marathistars.com/gossip/styleicon-ankush-chuadhari-becomes-face-mens-clothing-brand-hashtag/ |access-date= |website=MarathiStars |language=en-US}}</ref> In 2017, he formed a kabaddi team in the [[Pro Kabaddi League]].<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= 30 July 2017|title=Ankush Chaudhari turns Brand Ambassador of Pro Kabaddi |url=https://marathimovieworld.com/news/ankush-chaudhari-turns-brand-ambassador-of-pro-kabaddi.php |access-date= |language=en-US}}</ref>

He was ranked second in ''[[The Times of India]]''<nowiki/>'s Top 10 Most Hottest Men in the Marathi Film Industry in 2014.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-07-23 |title=The hottest men of Marathi film industry |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/photofeatures/the-hottest-men-of-marathi-film-industry/photostory/38918348.cms |access-date= |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref> In addition to acting in films and television, Chaudhari performs on stage and hosts award ceremonies. He has also judged the ''[[Mi Honar Superstar]]''.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Ankush Chaudhari shares first teaser of upcoming show Me Honaar Superstar- Jallosh Dance Cha |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/ankush-chaudhari-shares-first-teaser-of-upcoming-show-me-honaar-superstar-jallosh-dance-cha/articleshow/84889477.cms |access-date= |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> He endorses several brands, including [[Bagpiper (whisky)|Bagpiper]],<ref>{{Cite news |date=2017-01-13 |title=Ankush to endorse popular 'Soda' brand through 'Guru' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/ankush-to-endorse-popular-soda-brand-through-guru/articleshow/49413057.cms |access-date=2024-03-28 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> [[Rummy|Rummy Circle]]<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2HM1P3XIwkA |title=Apna Game Dikhao {{!}} RummyCircle {{!}} Ankush Chaudhari {{!}} Apna Game Dikhao |language=en |access-date= |via=}}</ref> He also fronted a campaign to supports the education and empowerment of girl child.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-02-02 |title=अंकुश-दिपाच्या कार्याला सलाम! गरजुंना अन्नदान करत जपली सामाजिक बांधिलकी – Marathi News {{!}} Popular Marathi actor Ankush Chaudhari and Deepa Parab celebrated birthday donating food {{!}} Latest filmy News at Lokmat.com |url=https://www.lokmat.com/filmy/marathi-cinema/popular-marathi-actor-ankush-chaudhari-and-deepa-parab-celebrated-birthday-donating-food-a-a988/ |access-date=2024-03-28 |website=LOKMAT |language=mr}}</ref>

==Filmography==

* ''All films are in Marathi, unless noted otherwise.''

===Films===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Film
! Role
! class="unsortable" | Notes
! class="unsortable" | {{Tooltip|Ref(s)|Reference(s)}}
|-
| 1995
| ''Suna Yeti Ghara''
|Surya
|Acting Credit
|
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2000
| ''[[Jis Desh Mein Ganga Rehta Hain]]''
| Rahul Vashisht
|Hindi film
|
|-
|''Tuch Majhi Bhagya Lakshmi''
|Rajesh Patil
|
|
|-
|2002
|''Aadhaar''
|Mangesh
|
|
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2004
| ''[[Savarkhed Ek Gaon]]''
| Rahul Patil
|
|
|-
| ''Sakshatkar ''
| Sagar
|
|
|-
| rowspan="7" | 2006
| ''Aaila Re''
| Abhijeet Deshmukh
|
|
|-
| ''[[Matichya Chuli]]''
| Vishal Dandekar
|
|
|-
| ''Yanda Kartavya Aahe''
| Rahul
|
|
|-
| ''Aai Shappath..!''
| Shekhar 'Shirya'
|
|
|-
| ''Majha Navra Tujhi Bayko''
|Vijay Desai
|
|
|-
| ''[[Aga Bai Arrecha!]]''
| {{n/a}}
|As assistant director
|
|-
| ''[[Jatra: Hyalagaad Re Tyalagaad|Jatra]]''
| Himself
|Special appearance in song "Ye Go Ye Ye Maina"
|
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2007
| ''Ishhya''
| Vaibhav Rane
|
|
|-
| ''[[Saade Maade Teen]]''
|{{n/a}}
|As director
|
|-
| rowspan="3" | 2008
| ''[[Checkmate (2008 film)|Checkmate]]''
|Vishal Korgaonkar
|
|
|-
| ''Uladhaal''
| Vicky
|
|
|-
| ''Hyancha Kahi Nem Nahi''
| Motiram Desai "Moti"
|
|
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2009
| ''[[Me Shivajiraje Bhosale Boltoy]]''
|Himself
| Special appearance in song "Masoli"
|
|-
| ''[[Gaiir]]''
| Inspector Abhijit Sardesai
|
|
|-
| rowspan="6" | 2010
| ''[[Ringa Ringa]]''
| Vishwas
|
|
|-
| ''[[Irada Pakka]]''
|Himself
|Cameo appearance in song "Iraada Pakka"
|
|-
| ''[[Lalbaug Parel]]''
| rowspan="2" | Giri Dhuri / Baba
|
|
|-
| ''[[City of Gold (2010 film)|City Of Gold]]''
|Hindi Version Of Marathi Film "Lalbaug Parel"
|
|-
| ''Chitra''
|
|
|
|-
| ''Target''
|Anky
|
|
|-
| rowspan="3" | 2011
| ''[[Shahanpan Dega Deva]]''
|Ankush
|
|
|-
| ''[[Pratibimba|Pratibimb]]''
| Jaysing Raje
|
|
|-
| ''[[Zhakaas]]''
| Sandy / Suhas / Subhaan /bAvinash
|As director also
|
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2012
| ''Bluffmaster''
| Nikki
|
|
|-
| ''[[No Entry Pudhe Dhoka Aahey]]''
| Prem
| As director also
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/Ankush-Choudhary-Sai-Tamhankar-Savarkhed-Wk-Gaav-Duniyadari-No-Entry-Pudhe-Dhoka-Aahe/articleshow/33006547.cms |title=Ankush developed cold feet |work=The Times of India |access-date=30 March 2016}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="7" | 2013
| ''[[Sanshay Kallol]]''
| Jai Sinha
|
|
|-
| ''[[Duniyadari]]''
| Digambar Shankar Patil
|As playback singer also
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/tv/Duniyadari-to-be-screened-with-additional-scenes-and-songs/articleshow/34277180.cms? |title=Duniyadari to be screened with additional scenes and songs |work=times of india |date=27 April 2014  |access-date=7 June 2014 |archive-date=30 April 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140430053455/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/tv/Duniyadari-to-be-screened-with-additional-scenes-and-songs/articleshow/34277180.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| ''Ashach Eka Betavar''
|Aakash
|
|
|-
| ''Jarab''
| Ajay
|
|
|-
| ''[[Vanshvel]]''
|Patil
|
|
|-
| ''Dhating Dhingana''
|Rahul
|
|
|-
| ''Aabhas''
|Himself
|Cameo appearance
|
|-
| rowspan="3" | 2014
| ''[[Vaadhdivsachya Haardik Shubhechcha]]''
| Subodh Kudmule
|
|
|-
|''Bol Baby Bol''
|Himself
|Guest appearance
|
|-
| ''[[Por Baazar]]''
| Bhurabhai
|First time in Negative role
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/screen/ankush-chaudhari-takes-up-a-grey-character/ |title=Ankush Chaudhari takes up a grey character |date=19 September 2014 |work=The Indian Express |accessdate=30 March 2016 |archive-date=31 January 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160131051141/http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/screen/ankush-chaudhari-takes-up-a-grey-character/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3" | 2015
| ''[[Classmates (2015 film)|Classmates]]''
| Satya
|
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/Aditya-Sarpotdar-Bancharamer-Bagan-Sonalee-Ankush-Choudhary-Sameer-Vidwans-Kshitij-Patwardhan-Classmates/articleshow/29664186.cms |title=Sonalee, Ankush to play lead in the remake of Malayalam hit film Classmates |work=The Times of India |access-date=30 March 2016 |archive-date=24 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180324064907/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/Aditya-Sarpotdar-Bancharamer-Bagan-Sonalee-Ankush-Choudhary-Sameer-Vidwans-Kshitij-Patwardhan-Classmates/articleshow/29664186.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Double Seat]]''
|Amit
|
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/interview-out-on-a-joy-ride-in-conversation-with-the-cast-of-double-seat-1987731 |title=Out on a joy ride, in conversation with the cast of Double Seat |date=13 May 2014 |work=dna |accessdate=30 March 2016 |archive-date=7 August 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160807071600/http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/interview-out-on-a-joy-ride-in-conversation-with-the-cast-of-double-seat-1987731 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''[[Daagdi Chaawl]]''
| Suryakant Shinde
|Dubbed into [[Hindi language|Hindi]] as ''Daagdi Chaawl Ek Bagawat''
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/Ankush-Chaudhary-Rajinikanth-Daagdi-Chaawl/articleshow/49320164.cms |title=Rajinikanth treatment for Ankush |work=The Times of India |access-date=30 March 2016 |archive-date=21 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151021140200/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/Ankush-Chaudhary-Rajinikanth-Daagdi-Chaawl/articleshow/49320164.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" |2016
| ''[[Guru (2016 film)|Guru]]''
|Guru Desai
|Dubbed into [[Hindi language|Hindi]] as ''Guru''
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://businessofcinema.com/business/eros-international-partners-bagpiper-soda-for-marathi-movie-guru/240990 |title=Eros International Partners Bagpiper Soda For Marathi Movie Guru |work=Businessofcinema.com |date=16 October 2015 |access-date=16 October 2015 |archive-date=17 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151017111308/http://businessofcinema.com/business/eros-international-partners-bagpiper-soda-for-marathi-movie-guru/240990 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Half Ticket (2016 film)|Half Ticket]]''
|Himself
|Cameo appearance
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |2017
| ''[[Ti Saddhya Kay Karte]]''
| Anuraag Deshpande
|
|<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/videos/ti-saddhya-kay-karte-teaser/articleshow/55961064.cms |title=Ti Saddhya Kay Karte tells you how to rekindle true love – Times of India |website=[[The Times of India]] |date=14 December 2016 |access-date=21 December 2016 |archive-date=19 February 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170219232328/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/videos/ti-saddhya-kay-karte-teaser/articleshow/55961064.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Deva (2017 film)|Deva]]''
|Deva
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.loksatta.com/manoranjan-news/ankush-chaudharis-new-look-for-his-upcoming-movie-deva-1290082/ |title=अंकुश चौधरीचा 'देवा'मधला अतरंगी लूक व्हायरल |date=25 August 2016 |access-date=21 December 2016 |archive-date=21 December 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161221162745/http://www.loksatta.com/manoranjan-news/ankush-chaudharis-new-look-for-his-upcoming-movie-deva-1290082/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|2019
| ''[[Triple Seat]]''
|Krushna
|
|
|-
|2020
|''[[Dhurala]]''
|Navnath Ubhe
|
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |2021
|''[[Luckdown Be Positive]]''
|Rahul
|
|
|-
|''Maheshcha Badla''
|Mahesh
|
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |2022
|''[[Lochya Zaala Re]]''
|Aditya Ghorpade
|
|
|-
|''[[Daagadi Chawl 2]]''
|Suryakant Shinde
|
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |2023
|''[[Maharashtra Shahir]]''
|[[Krishnarao Sable]]
|
|<ref>{{Cite news |title='Maharashtra Shahir': Kedar Shinde announces a biopic on legendary Shahir Sable |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/maharashtra-shahir-kedar-shinde-announces-a-biopic-on-legendary-shahir-sable/articleshow/85890369.cms |access-date=2023-02-25 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Autograph – Ek Japun Thevavi Ashi Lovestory]]''
|Samar
|
|<ref>{{Cite news |title='Autograph': Ankush Chaudhari and Amruta Khanvilkar come together for Satish Rajwade's next - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/autograph-ankush-chaudhari-and-amruta-khanvilkar-come-together-for-satish-rajwades-next/articleshow/92952497.cms |access-date=2022-12-07 |website=The Times of India |date=18 July 2022 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|2025
|''[[P. S. I. Arjun]]''
|[[Sub-inspector|PSI]] Arjun Deshmane
|
|<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movie-details/psi-arjun/movieshow/121004580.cms |title=PSI Arjun Movie: Showtimes, Review, Songs, Trailer, Posters, News & Videos {{!}} eTimes |access-date=2025-07-26 |via=timesofindia.indiatimes.com}}</ref>
|-
|2026
|''[[Punha Ekda Sade Made Teen]]''
|{{N/A}}
|As director
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-01-05 |title=कुरळे ब्रदर्सचा ‘नो लेडीज, नो मॅरेज’ नियम मोडायला ‘ती’ आलीये; पुन्हा एकदा साडे माडे तीन सिनेमाचा भन्नाट टीझर रिलीज |url=https://www.loksatta.com/manoranjan/marathi-cinema/punha-ekda-sade-made-teen-teaser-ashok-saraf-bharat-jadhav-makarand-anaspure-siddharth-jadhav-rinku-rajguru-hrc-97-5618887/ |access-date=2026-01-07 |website=Loksatta |language=mr}}</ref>
|}

===Television===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Show
! Role
! class="unsortable" | {{Tooltip|Ref(s)|Reference(s)}}
–
|-
|1997–98
|''Raja Aur Rancho''
|Episodic role – Inspector
|
|-
|2000–01
|''Hasa Chakatfu''
|Episodic role
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref name="biography"/>
|-
|2002
|''Bedhund Manachi Lahar''
|
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref name="biography"/>
|-
| 1999–2000
|''[[Abhalmaya]]''
|Sunny
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref name=biography>{{cite web |url=http://www.zeetalkies.com/celebrities/ankush-choudhary.html |title=Ankush Choudhary |publisher= |accessdate=30 March 2016 |archive-date=13 April 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160413130233/http://www.zeetalkies.com/celebrities/ankush-choudhary.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|2021
|''Maharashtracha Best Dancer''
| Host
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref name="biography"/>
|-
|2021–present
|''Mi Honar Superstar''
|Judge
|
|-
|2021
|''[[Bigg Boss Marathi season 3|Bigg Boss Marathi 3]]''
|Guest
|
|-
|2026
|''[[Devkhel]]''
|Inspector Vishwas Saranjame
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=पाप करणारा शिमग्याच्या दिवशी शंकासुराच्या हिटलिस्टवर! देवतळी गावची परंपरा की मोकाट सुटलेला सीरियल किलर? |url=https://maharashtratimes.com/entertainment/web-series/devkhel-trailer-release-starring-prajakta-mali-ankush-chaudhari-onkar-bhojane-story-of-shankasur-and-serial-killer-in-devtali/articleshow/127002568.cms |access-date=2026-01-22 |website=Maharashtra Times |language=mr}}</ref>
|}

==Accolades==
{{Infobox actor awards
| wins =
| nominations =
| award1 = [[Filmfare Awards Marathi]]
| award1W = 3
| award1N = 5
| award2 = [[Zee Chitra Gaurav Puraskar]]
| award2W = 1
| award2N = 6
| award3 = [[Maharashtracha Favourite Kon?]]
| award3W = 8
| award3N = 15
| award4 = [[Maharashtra State Film Awards]]
| award4W = 0
| award4N = 4
| award5 = [[Fakt Marathi Cine Sanman]]
| award5W = 1
| award5N = 2
| award6 = [[Maharashtra Times|MaTa Sanman]]
| award6W = 2
| award6N = 4
| award7 =
| award7W =
| award7N =
}}
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Year
!Award
!Category
!Film
!Result
|-
|2002
| rowspan="2" |[[Zee Chitra Gaurav Puraskar]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Zee Chitra Gaurav Puraskar for Best Actor|Best Actor]]
|''Aadhar''
|{{Nom}}
|-
| rowspan="2" |2004
| rowspan="2" |''[[Savarkhed Ek Gaon]]''
|{{Nom}}
|-
|[[Maharashtra State Film Awards]]
|[[Maharashtra State Film Award for Best Actor|Best Actor]]
|{{Nom}}
|-
|2006
|[[Zee Chitra Gaurav Puraskar]]
|[[Zee Chitra Gaurav Puraskar for Best Supporting Actor|Best Supporting Actor]]
|''Aai Shappath''
|{{Nom}}
|-
|2008
|[[Maharashtra State Film Awards]]
|[[Maharashtra State Film Award for Best Actor|Best Actor]]
|''[[Checkmate (2008 film)|Checkmate]]''
|{{Nom}}
|-
| rowspan="2" |2009
| rowspan="6" |[[Maharashtracha Favourite Kon?]]
|[[MFK Award for Favourite Actor|Favourite Actor]]
| rowspan="2" |''Uladhaal''
|{{Nom}}<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Editorial |first=M. M. W. |date=2009-09-19 |title='Maharashtracha Favorite Kon?' |url=https://marathimovieworld.com/news/maharashtracha-favorite-kon-2010.php |access-date= |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[MFK Award for Style Icon of the Year|Favourite Style Icon]]
|{{won}}<ref name=":0" />
|-
|2010
|''[[Ringa Ringa]]''
|{{won}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Maharashtracha Favourite Kon? 2010 TV Serial – Watch Maharashtracha Favourite Kon? 2010 Online All Episodes (1–1) on ZEE5 |url=https://www.zee5.com/tv-shows/details/maharashtracha-favourite-kon-2010/0-6-4z587374 |access-date= |website=ZEE5 |language=en-IN}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" |2012
|[[MFK Award for Favourite Comedian|Favourite Comedian]]
| rowspan="2" |''[[Zhakaas]]''
|{{Nom}}<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Maharashtracha Favourite Kon 2012 |url=https://www.zee5.com/tv-shows/details/maharashtracha-favourite-kon-2012/0-6-4z587392/maharashtracha-favourite-kon-2012/0-1-6z587394 |access-date= |website=www.zee5.com}}</ref>
|-
|[[MFK Award for Style Icon of the Year|Favourite Style Icon]]
|{{won}}<ref name=":1" />
|-
|2013
|[[MFK Award for Favourite Supporting Actor|Favourite Supporting Actor]]
| rowspan="2" |''[[Duniyadari]]''
|{{won}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Supriya Pilgaonkar during Maharashtracha Favourite Kon Awards 2013, held at Grand Hyatt, in Mumbai, on December 1, 2013. |url=https://photogallery.indiatimes.com/yearendershow/26735469.cms |access-date= |website=photogallery.indiatimes.com}}</ref>
|-
|2014
|[[Maharashtra Times|MaTa Sanman]]
|Best Actor in a Supporting Role
|{{won}}<ref>{{Cite web |author=EDITORIAL Staff |date=2014-03-17 |title=Kohinoor Mata Sanman Awards 2014 Winners List, Award Winners, Best |url=https://marathistars.com/news/kohinoor-mata-sanman-awards-2014-winners/ |access-date= |website=MarathiStars |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="6" |2015
|[[Zee Chitra Gaurav Puraskar]]
|[[Zee Chitra Gaurav Puraskar for Best Actor|Best Actor]]
| rowspan="3" |''[[Classmates (2015 film)|Classmates]]''
|{{nom}}<ref>{{Cite news |date=2017-01-13 |title=Riteish, Tejaswini bag awards |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/riteish-tejaswini-bag-awards/articleshow/46584546.cms |access-date= |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[Maharashtracha Favourite Kon?]]
|[[MFK Award for Favourite Actor|Favourite Actor]]
|{{won}}<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Khot |first=Sayali |date=2015-12-02 |title='Maharashtracha Favorite Kon 2015' grand show on 20th December |url=https://marathistars.com/news/maharashtracha-favorite-kon-2015-grand-show-on-20th-december/ |access-date=2024-02-15 |website=MarathiStars |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|[[MFK Award for Style Icon of the Year|Favourite Style Icon]]
|{{won}}<ref name=":2" />
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[2nd Filmfare Awards Marathi]]
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Marathi|Best Actor]]
| rowspan="6" |''[[Double Seat]]''
|{{nom}}
|-
|[[Filmfare Critics Award for Best Actor – Marathi|Best Actor – Critics]]
|{{won}}<ref>{{Cite news |date=2016-11-28 |title=Ankush Chaudhary wins Best Actor Critics at the Filmfare Awards |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/ankush-chaudhary-wins-best-actor-critics-at-the-filmfare-awards/articleshow/55670737.cms |access-date=2024-02-15 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
|[[Maharashtra State Film Awards]]
|[[Maharashtra State Film Award for Best Actor|Best Actor]]
|{{nom}}
|-
| rowspan="4" |2016
|[[Zee Chitra Gaurav Puraskar]]
|[[Zee Chitra Gaurav Puraskar for Best Actor|Best Actor]]
|{{nom}}
|-
|[[Maharashtra Times|MaTa Sanman]]
|Best Actor in a Leading Role
|{{nom}}
|-
|Marathi Achievers and International Awards
|Best Actor
|{{won}}<ref>{{Cite web |last=megamarathi |date=2016-02-27 |title=Ankush Chaudhari Bagged Best Actor Award In MAAI |url=https://megamarathi.com/news/ankush-chaudhari-bagged-best-actor-award-in-maai-2016/ |access-date=2024-02-15 |website=MegaMarathi.Com |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[Maharashtracha Favourite Kon?]]
| rowspan="2" |[[MFK Award for Favourite Actor|Favourite Actor]]
|''[[Dagadi Chawl]]''
|{{nom}}
|-
| rowspan="2" |2017
|''[[Ti Saddhya Kay Karte]]''
|{{nom}}
|-
|[[Lokmat Stylish Awards]]
|Most Stylish Actor
|''[[Dagadi Chawl]]''
|{{won}}
|-
|2018
|Shahir Dada Kondke Awards
|Overall Contribution in Marathi cinema
|''Various''
|{{won}}
|-
| rowspan="3" |2019
| rowspan="2" |[[Maharashtracha Favourite Kon?]]
|[[MFK Award for Favourite Actor|Favourite Actor]]
| rowspan="5" |''[[Triple Seat]]''
|{{nom}}<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Maharashtracha Favorite Kon? 2019 nominations unveiled for Zee Talkies much-awaited awards |url=https://zeenews.india.com/television/maharashtracha-favorite-kon-2019-nominations-unveiled-for-zee-talkies-much-awaited-awards-2250069.html |access-date= |website=Zee News |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|[[MFK Award for Style Icon of the Year|Favourite Style Icon]]
|{{won}}<ref name=":3" />
|-
|[[Sakaal Times|Sakaal Premier Awards]]
|Best Actor
|{{nom}}<ref>{{Cite web |last=नेटवर्क |first=सकाळ न्यूज |date=2019-12-19 |title='सकाळ प्रीमियर ॲवॉर्ड'ची नामांकने जाहीर |url=https://www.esakal.com/maharashtra/sakal-premier-awards-declare-244982 |access-date= |website=Marathi News |language=mr}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="5" |2020
|[[5th Filmfare Awards Marathi]]
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Marathi|Best Actor]]
|{{nom}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ankush Chaudhari – Best Actor in Leading Role Male Nominee {{!}} Filmfare Awards |url=https://www.filmfare.com/awards/filmfare-awards-marathi-2020/nominations/best-actor-leading-role-male/ankush-chaudhari |access-date= |website=www.filmfare.com}}</ref>
|-
|Radio City Cine Awards
|Best Actor
|{{Won}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-02-05 |title=Radio City celebrated Marathi cinema's glitz and glamour with Radio City cine awards season 3 |url=https://www.afaqs.com/companies/radio-city-celebrated-marathi-cinemas-glitz-and-glamour-with-radio-city-cine-awards-season-3 |access-date= |website=afaqs!}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3" |[[Maharashtracha Favourite Kon?]]
|[[MFK Award for Favourite Actor|Favourite Actor]]
| rowspan="2" |''[[Classmates (2015 film)|Classmates]]''
|{{Nom}}<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |last=वेबटीम |first=एबीपी माझा |date=2021-11-30 |title=Maharashtracha Favourite Kon : 'महाराष्ट्राचा फेवरेट कोण'? प्रेक्षकांची उत्सुकता शिगेला |url=https://marathi.abplive.com/entertainment/bollywood/maharashtracha-favorite-kon-who-is-the-favorite-of-maharashtra-1015490 |access-date= |website=marathi.abplive.com |language=mr}}</ref>
|-
|[[MFK Award for Style Icon of the Year|Favourite Style Icon]]
|{{Nom}}<ref name=":4" />
|-
|[[MFK Award for Favourite Supporting Actor|Favourite Supporting Actor]]
|''[[Duniyadari]]''
|{{Won}}<ref name=":4" />
|-
|2021
|[[6th Filmfare Awards Marathi]]
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Marathi|Best Actor]]
| rowspan="2" |''[[Dhurala]]''
|{{won}}<ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-04-01 |title=6th Planet Filmfare Marathi Awards 2021: Complete winners' list |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/6th-planet-filmfare-marathi-awards-2021-complete-winners-list/articleshow/90561300.cms |access-date= |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" |2022
|[[Maharashtra Times|MaTa Sanman]]
|Best Actor in a Leading Role
|{{won}}
|-
|[[7th Filmfare Awards Marathi]]
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Marathi|Best Actor]]
|''[[Daagadi Chawl 2]]''
|{{nom}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Filmfare Awards Marathi 2022: Prasad Oak, Sayali Sanjeev Bag Top Honours, Godavari Named Best Film. Full Winners List |url=https://www.zoomtventertainment.com/celebrity/filmfare-awards-marathi-2022-prasad-oak-sayali-sanjeev-bag-top-honours-godavari-named-best-film-full-winners-list-article-99131271 |access-date= |website=Zoom TV |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" |2023
| rowspan="2" |[[Fakt Marathi Cine Sanman]]
|[[Fakt Marathi Cine Sanman for Best Actor in a Lead Role|Best Actor in a Leading Role]]
| rowspan="10" |''[[Maharashtra Shahir]]''
|{{Nom}}<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |last=मुंबई |first=ब्युरो रिपोर्ट, साम टीव्ही |date=2023-09-05 |title=कलाकारांच्या सन्मानासाठी रंगणार 'फक्त मराठी सिने सन्मान' सोहळा |url=https://saamtv.esakal.com/entertainment/fakt-marathi-awards-show-will-take-place-on-15th-september-sh04 |access-date= |website=Saam TV Marathi News {{!}} साम टीव्ही |language=mr}}</ref>
|-
|Best Actor in a Leading Role – Jury
|{{won}}<ref name=":5" />
|-
| rowspan="8" |2024
|Aapla Bioscope Awards
|Best Actor in a Lead Role
|{{nom}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=TV9 Marathi – Aapla Bioscope, Marathi TV and Film Awards 2023 |url=https://www.tv9marathi.com/aaplabioscope |access-date=2024-02-15 |website=TV9 Marathi |language=mr}}</ref>
|-
|[[Maharashtracha Favourite Kon?]]
|[[MFK Award for Favourite Actor|Favourite Actor]]
|{{won}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-01-16 |title='महाराष्ट्राचा फेव्हरेट कोण' पुरस्कारांमध्ये यंदा एक नवा पुरस्कार…! |url=https://zeenews.india.com/marathi/entertainment/a-new-award-this-year-in-maharashtra-cha-favorite-kon-awards/775081 |access-date= |website=Zee 24 taas |language=mr}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[Maharashtra Times|Maharashtra Times Sanman Awards]]
|Best Actor in a Leading Role
|{{Nom}}
|-
|Favourite Actor
|{{Won}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=कलाकारांच्या पाठीवर कौतुकाची थाप; 'मटा सन्मान २०२४' सोहळा दिमाखात संपन्न |url=https://marathi.indiatimes.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/bollywood-news/mata-sanman-2024-awards-winners-list-read-here/articleshow/108306685.cms |access-date=2024-03-17 |website=Maharashtra Times |language=mr}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[Zee Chitra Gaurav Puraskar]]
|Best Actor
|{{Nom}}
|-
|Best Influential Actor
|{{Won}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-03-17 |title='झी मराठी चित्र गौरव'मध्ये 'या' चित्रपटाने मारली बाजी, तर सर्वोत्कृष्ट अभिनेता-अभिनेत्री ठरले…; पाहा विजेत्यांची संपूर्ण यादी |url=https://www.loksatta.com/manoranjan/marathi-cinema/zee-marathi-chitra-gaurav-2024-full-list-of-award-winners-read-in-detail-sva-00-4264816/ |access-date=2024-03-17 |website=Loksatta |language=mr}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[8th Filmfare Awards Marathi]]
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Marathi|Best Actor]]
|{{Nom}}
|-
|[[Filmfare Critics Award for Best Actor – Marathi|Best Actor – Critics]]
|{{Won}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Winners of the RR Kabel Filmfare Awards Marathi 2024: Full list out |url=https://www.filmfare.com/features/winners-of-the-rr-kabel-filmfare-awards-marathi-2024-full-list-out-65454.html |access-date= |website=filmfare.com |language=en}}</ref>
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb name|id=1237397|name=Ankush Chaudhari}}
{{Subject bar
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|portal1 = Biography
|portal2 =
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Chaudhari, Ankush}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Male actors from Mumbai]]
[[Category:Indian male soap opera actors]]
[[Category:Indian male comedians]]
[[Category:Male actors in Marathi theatre]]
[[Category:Male actors in Marathi cinema]]
[[Category:1977 births]]

Navagraha Mandir, Guwahati

2026-03-27T07:53:32Z

EveMagill33: Creating Initial Details Needs Work

{{inline|date=May 2025}}
{{Infobox Hindu temple|name=|image=NAVAGRAHA TEMPLE GUWAHATI.jpg|alt=|caption=Navagraha Temple, Guwahati|coordinates={{coord|26.19092|91.76525|format=dms|type:landmark_region:IN|display=inline,title}}|map_caption=|map_size=250|country=|district=|locale=|elevation_m=|elevation_footnotes=|inscriptions=| |established = {{start date and age|1752}}|creator=[[Rajeshwar Singha]]| |temple_board=|website=}}

'''Navagraha Mandir''' is an ancient temple located at Chitrachal Hills (Navagraha Pahaar) in the city of [[Guwahati]], [[Assam]]. The temple's Sanctum Sanctorum houses Graha Lingams of Nine Celestial Bodies in accordance with Vedic Astrology. The Graha Lingams of various planets here are – [[Surya]], [[Chandra]], [[Mangala]], [[Rahu]], [[Shani]], [[Ketu (mythology)|Ketu]], [[Bṛhaspati]], [[Buddh]] and [[Shukra]].

== History ==
This is one the most ancient temples of Assam. Many legends and folklores are associated with the [[Navagraha]] temple. Exact information about who first founded this temple is unavailable. Although, it is speculated that the Koch Kings had built the earliest temple structure in the 16th Century. According to an [[Epigraphy|inscription]] on the temple premises, the temple had suffered extensive damage in the great earthquake of 1697 and was later rebuilt with the help of a pious king, the [[Ahom kingdom|Ahom]] Swargadeu [[Rajeswar Singha|Rajeswara Singha]] who rebuilt the entire temple structure in 1752.<ref>https://kamrupmetro.assam.gov.in/tourist-place-detail/274</ref> Enshrined in this temple are Nine Graha Lingams, representing the nine Celestial bodies, each covered with a colored garment symbolic of each of the celestial bodies.<ref>http://www.templenet.com/Assam/navagraha.html</ref>

Connected to this Navagraha temple a nine-cornered (Na-kunia) pond was dug down in the valley south of it. This pond is known as Silpukhuri.

== Temple Procedures ==
In addition to the daily Navagraha Puja in the temple, the Maha Yagna is held for three days on the Sankranti of Maagh-Faagun every year. Unlike the other Shakti Peeth and Siddh Peeth of Assam, there is no sacrificial system in this temple. Only Daan-Dakshina of various edibles and ritualistic offerings of animals like goats & swans are performed along with different Graha Lingam Pooja rituals. <ref>Biswa Aitihya, Santanu Kaushik Baruah</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* http://www.templenet.com/Assam/navagraha.html Retrieved on: September 28, 2011
* https://web.archive.org/web/20160829205612/http://www.north-east-india.com/assam/navagraha-temple.html Retrieved on: September 28, 2011

[[Category:Navagraha temples]]
[[Category:Hindu temples in Assam]]

{{India-hindu-temple-stub}}

Annexation of Hyderabad

2026-03-26T21:09:03Z

EveMagill33: add layout to improve readability and fixed typos per standard format

{{Short description|1948 military invasion of Hyderabad State by the Dominion of India}}{{pp-extended|small=yes}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2015}}
{{Infobox military conflict
| conflict = Operation Polo
| image = Hyderabad state from the Imperial Gazetteer of India, 1909.jpg
| image_size = 300px
| caption = The [[Hyderabad State|State of Hyderabad]] in 1909 (excluding [[Berar Province|Berar]])
| date = 13–18 September 1948 ({{Age in years, months, weeks and days|month1=9|day1=13|year1=1948|month2=9|day2=18|year2=1948}})
| place = [[Hyderabad State]] (parts of [[South India|South]] and [[Western India]])
| coordinates = {{coord|17|00|N|78|50|E|type:country_source:kolossus-cawiki}}
| result = Indian victory
| territory = [[State of Hyderabad|Hyderabad]] annexed to the Union of India as a new [[Hyderabad State (1948–1956)|Hyderabad State]]
| combatant1 = {{flag|Dominion of India}}
| combatant2 = {{flagcountry|Hyderabad State}}
| commander1 = {{plainlist|
* [[Jawaharlal Nehru]]
* [[Vallabhbhai Patel]]
* [[Rajendrasinhji Jadeja]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Press Communique|url=http://pibarchive.nic.in/archive/ArchiveSecondPhase/DEFENCE/1948-JULY-DEC-MIN-OF-DEFENCE/PDF/DEF-1948-09-21_213.pdf|website=Press Information Bureau of India – Archive|date=21 September 1948|access-date=16 February 2020}}</ref>
* [[Jayanto Nath Chaudhuri]]
* [[Ajit Rudra]]
* [[Roy Bucher]]
* [[Subroto Mukerjee]]<ref>{{cite web|title=RIAF in Hyderabad|url=http://pibarchive.nic.in/archive/ArchiveSecondPhase/DEFENCE/1948-JULY-DEC-MIN-OF-DEFENCE/PDF/DEF-1948-09-23_223.pdf|website=Press Information Bureau of India – Archive|date=23 September 1948|access-date=16 February 2020}}</ref>}}
| commander2 = {{plainlist|
* [[Mir Osman Ali Khan]]
* [[Mir Laiq Ali]]
* [[Syed Ahmed El Edroos|S. A. El Edroos]]{{Surrendered}}
* [[Qasim Razvi]]{{Surrendered}}}}
| strength1 = 35,000 [[Indian Armed Forces]]
| strength2 = {{plainlist|
* 22,000 [[Hyderabad State Forces]]
* est. 200,000 irregulars ([[Razakars (Hyderabad)|Razakars]])<ref name=ShermanLSE />{{rp|8}}}}
| casualties1 = Less than 10 killed<ref>{{Cite web|title=585 Mohan Guruswany, There once was a Hyderabad|url=https://www.india-seminar.com/2008/585/585_mohan_guruswamy.htm|access-date=2021-05-28|website=www.india-seminar.com}}</ref>
| casualties2 = {{plainlist|
* '''Hyderabad State forces''':
* 807 killed
* unknown wounded
* 1,647 [[POW]]s<ref name=mohanGuruswamy/>
* '''Razakars''':
* 1,373 killed
* 1,911 captured<ref name=mohanGuruswamy/>}}
| casualties3 = {{plainlist|
* Sunderlal Committee: 30,000–40,000 civilians killed<ref name=Sunderlal/>
* Responsible observers: 200,000 civilians killed{{sfn|Smith|1950|p=46}}<ref name=NooraniUntold/>}}
| partof = [[Telangana Rebellion]] and the [[Political integration of India]]
}}
<section begin=Lead />
The '''Annexation of Hyderabad''' (code-named '''Operation Polo''') was a [[military operation]] launched in September 1948 that resulted in the [[annexation]] of the [[princely state]] of [[Hyderabad State|Hyderabad]] by [[India]], which was dubbed a "[[police action]]".<ref>{{cite web |newspaper=The Times of India |date=15 September 2019 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/hyderabad-had-tried-nrc-71-years-ago-and-failed/articleshow/71132138.cms|title=Hyderabad had tried 'NRC' 71 years ago, and failed}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Hyderabad Police Action |url=http://indianarmy.nic.in/Site/FormTemplete/frmTempSimple.aspx?MnId=nmnz/S66ueKkrJc8PBO1kw==&ParentID=z2xdy5FtH8G+oZz4hw/CKg== |publisher=Indian Army |access-date=13 September 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=B. Cohen|title=Kingship and Colonialism in India's Deccan: 1850–1948|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sZKHDAAAQBAJ |year=2007|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-0-230-60344-8|pages=159–161}}</ref>

At the time of [[partition of India]] in 1947, the princely states of India, who in principle had self-government within their territories, were subject to [[subsidiary alliance]]s with the [[British Empire|British]], which gave control of external relations to the British. With the [[Indian Independence Act 1947]], the British abandoned all such alliances, leaving the states with the option of opting for full independence.<ref name=Mehotra>{{cite book |last1=Mehrotra |first1=S.R. |title=Towards Indias Freedom And Partition |date=1979 |publisher=Vikash Publishing House |location=Delhi |page=[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.100154/page/n259 247] |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.100154 |access-date=17 August 2019}}</ref><ref>See Section 7 (1) (b): "the suzerainty of His Majesty over the Indian States lapses, and with it, all treaties and agreements in force at the date of the passing of this Act between His Majesty and the rulers of Indian States, all functions exercisable by His Majesty at that date with respect to Indian States, all obligations of His Majesty existing at that date towards Indian States or the rulers thereof, and all powers, rights, authority or jurisdiction exercisable by His Majesty at that date in or in relation to Indian States by treaty, grant, usage, sufferance or otherwise."</ref> However, by 1948 almost all had [[Instrument of Accession|acceded]] to either India or Pakistan. One major exception was that of the wealthiest and most powerful principality, Hyderabad, where the Nizam, ''[[Mir (title)|Mir]]'' [[Osman Ali Khan, Asaf Jah VII]], a Muslim ruler who presided over a largely Hindu population, chose [[independence]] and hoped to maintain this with an [[Hyderabad army|irregular army]].<ref name="MetcalfMetcalf2006">{{cite book|author1=Barbara D. Metcalf|author2=Thomas R. Metcalf|title=A Concise History of India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jGCBNTDv7acC|year=2006|edition=2nd|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0521682251}}</ref>{{rp|224}} The Nizam was also beset by the [[Telangana rebellion]], which he was unable to crush.<ref name="MetcalfMetcalf2006"/>{{rp|224}}

In November 1947, Hyderabad signed a [[Standstill agreement (India)|standstill agreement]] with the [[Dominion of India]], continuing all previous arrangements except for the stationing of Indian troops in the state. India felt that the establishment of a Communist state in Hyderabad would be a threat to the country.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-09-15|title=Delhi felt Razakars, communists a threat to India|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/150918/delhi-felt-razakars-communists-a-threat-to-india.html|access-date=2021-02-04|website=Deccan Chronicle|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last1=Ernst|first1=Waltraud|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9eKbW3ukh9oC&dq=azad+hyderabad&pg=PA212|title=India's Princely States: People, Princes and Colonialism|last2=Pati|first2=Biswamoy|date=2007|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-134-11988-2|language=en}}</ref> Nizam's power had weakened because of the [[Telangana Rebellion]], which he could not put down. The [[Razakars (Hyderabad)|Razakars]] tried to ensure that Nizam's rule was maintained, however they proved unsuccessful. On 7 September, [[Jawaharlal Nehru]] gave an ultimatum to Nizam, demanding a ban of the Razakars and the return of Indian troops to [[Secunderabad Cantonment Board|Secunderabad]].<ref name="Siddiqi 1960 p. ">{{cite book | last=Siddiqi | first=A. | title=Pakistan Seeks Security | publisher=Longmans, Green, Pakistan Branch | year=1960 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EsM9AAAAMAAJ | page=21}}</ref><ref name="Benichou 2000">{{cite book | last=Benichou | first=L.D. | title=From Autocracy to Integration: Political Developments in Hyderabad State, 1938-1948 | publisher=Orient Longman | year=2000 | isbn=978-81-250-1847-6 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Loiq3YrFy40C&pg=PA231 | page=231}}</ref><ref name="Desai 1990 p. ">{{cite book | last=Desai | first=V.H. | title=Vande Mataram to Jana Gana Mana: Saga of Hyderabad Freedom Struggle | publisher=Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan | year=1990 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iZBuAAAAMAAJ| page=142}}</ref> [[Dominion of India|India]] invaded the state on 13 September 1948, following a crippling economic blockade and multiple attempts at destabilising the state through railway disruptions, the bombing of government buildings, and raids on border villages.<ref name="SP">{{cite journal |author1=Sunil Purushotham |title=Internal Violence: The "Police Action" in Hyderabad |journal=Comparative Studies in Society and History |date=20 March 2015 |volume=57 |issue=2 |page=439 |doi=10.1017/S0010417515000092 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/43908352 |access-date=13 July 2022 |publisher=Cambridge University Press|jstor=43908352 |s2cid=145147551 |url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=New book on Hyderabad's Invasion, 1948's Police Action|url=https://www.milligazette.com/news/13-books/15587-new-book-on-hyderabad-s-invasion-1948-s-police-action/|access-date=2021-02-04|website=The Milli Gazette |language=en}}</ref><ref name=ShermanLSE/> After the defeat of the Razakars, the Nizam signed an instrument of accession, joining India.{{sfn|Chandra|Mukherjee|Mukherjee|2008|p=96}}<ref>{{cite web | last=Apparasu | first=Srinivasa Rao | title=How Hyd merger with Union unfolded | website=Hindustan Times | date=2022-09-16 | url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/how-hyd-merger-with-union-unfolded-101663352521085.html}}</ref>

The operation led to [[Hyderabad massacres|massive communal violence]], at times perpetrated by the Indian Army.<ref name="BBC Hyderabad 1948"/> The Sunderlal Committee, appointed by Indian prime minister [[Jawaharlal Nehru]], concluded that between 30,000 and 40,000 people had died in total in the state, in a report which was not released until 2013.<ref name=Sunderlal>{{harvnb|Noorani|2014|loc=Appendix 15: Confidential notes attached to the Sunderlal Committee Report, pp. 372–373}}</ref> Other responsible observers estimated the number of deaths to be 200,000 or higher.{{sfn|Smith|1950|p=46}}<section end=Lead />

== Background ==

After the [[Siege of Golconda]] by the [[Mughal Emperor]] [[Aurangzeb]] in 1687, the region was renamed as ''Deccan [[Subah (country subdivision)|Subah]]'' (due to its geographical proximity in the [[Deccan Plateau]]) and in 1713 [[Qamar-ud-din Khan, Asaf Jah I|Qamar-ud-din Khan]] (later known as ''Asaf Jah I'' or ''Nizam I'') was appointed its [[Subahdar]] and bestowed with the title of ''Nizam-ul-Mulk'' by the Mughal Emperor [[Farrukhsiyar]]. Hyderabad's nominal independence is dated to 1724 when the Nizam won a military victory over a rival military appointee.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Leonard|first1=Karen|title=The Hyderabad Political System and its Participants|journal=Journal of Asian Studies|date=May 1971|volume=XXX|issue=3|pages=569–570|url=http://www.socsci.uci.edu/~kbleonar/bio/Karen%20Hyderabad%20Political%20System%20and%20its%20Participants.pdf|doi=10.2307/2052461|jstor=2052461|s2cid=162185903 }}</ref> In 1798, Hyderabad became the first Indian [[princely state]] to accede to British protection under the policy of [[Subsidiary Alliance]] instituted by [[Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington|Arthur Wellesley]], and was thus named as the [[State of Hyderabad]].

The State of Hyderabad under the leadership of its 7th [[Nizam of Hyderabad|Nizam]], ''[[Mir (title)|Mir]]'' [[Osman Ali Khan, Asaf Jah VII|Sir Osman Ali Khan]], was the largest and most prosperous of all the princely states in India. With annual revenues of over Rs. 9 [[crore]],<ref name="scale">{{cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.282202/page/n39/mode/2up?view=theater |title=The India Office and Burma Office List: 1945 |publisher=Harrison & Sons, Ltd. |year=1945 |pages=33–37}}</ref> it covered {{convert|82698|sqmi|km2}} of fairly homogeneous territory and comprised a population of roughly 16.34 million people (as per the 1941 census) of which a majority (85%) was Hindu. The state had its own army, airline, telecommunication system, railway network, postal system, currency and radio broadcasting service.<ref name=mohanGuruswamy/> Hyderabad was a multi-lingual state consisting of people speaking [[Telugu language|Telugu]] (48.2%), [[Marathi language|Marathi]] (26.4%), [[Kannada]] (12.3%) and [[Urdu]] (10.3%). Despite the overwhelming Hindu majority, Hindus were severely under-represented in government, police and the military. Of 1765 officers in the State Army, 1268 were Muslims, 421 were Hindus, and 121 others were Christians, Parsis and Sikhs. Of the officials drawing a salary between Rs. 600 and 1200 per month, 59 were Muslims, 5 were Hindus and 38 were of other religions. The Nizam and his nobles, who were mostly Muslims, owned 40% of the total land in the state.{{sfn|Benichou, From Autocracy to Integration|2000|p=13}}<ref name=mohanGuruswamy>{{cite web|url=http://www.india-seminar.com/2008/585/585_mohan_guruswamy.htm |title=There once was a Hyderabad! |author=Guruswamy, Mohan|work=Seminar Magazine|date=May 2008|access-date=3 August 2010}}</ref>

When the British departed from the Indian subcontinent in 1947, they offered the various princely states in the subcontinent the option of acceding to either India or Pakistan or staying on as an independent state.<ref name=Mehotra /> As stated by [[Sardar Patel]] at a press conference in January 1948, "As you are all aware, on the lapse of Paramountcy every Indian State became a separate independent entity."<ref>R. P. Bhargava, ''The Chamber of Princes'' (Northern Book Centre, 1991) [https://books.google.com/books?id=BAQgNE1uSEgC&pg=PA313 p. 313]</ref> In India, a small number of states, including Hyderabad, [[Political integration of India#The accession process|declined to join]] the new dominion.<ref>{{cite news|title=Five states that refused to join India after Independence|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/research/five-states-that-refused-to-join-india-after-independence/|last=Roychowdhury|first=Adrija|newspaper=Indian Express|date=17 August 2017|access-date=17 January 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=C.P. and independent Travancore|url=http://www.frontline.in/static/html/fl2013/stories/20030704000807800.htm|last=Noorani|first=AG|newspaper=Frontline|volume=20|date=21 June 2003|access-date=17 January 2018}}</ref> In the case of Pakistan, accession happened far more slowly.<ref>Yaqoob Khan Bangash, ''A Princely Affair: The Accession and Integration of the Princely States of Pakistan, 1947–1955'' (Oxford University Press, 2015), pp. 7–12</ref> Hyderabad had been part of the calculations of all-India political parties since the 1930s.<ref>Copland, {{"'}}Communalism' in Princely India", Roosa, 'Quadary of the Qaum' cited in Sherman, "Integration of Princely States" (2007)</ref> The leaders of the new [[Dominion of India]] were wary of a [[Balkanization]] of India if Hyderabad was left independent.<ref name=MetcalfMetcalf2006/>{{rp|223}}{{failed verification|date=December 2017}}

Hyderabad state has been steadily becoming more theocratic since the beginning of the 20th century. In 1926, Mahmud Nawazkhan, a retired Hyderabad official, founded the [[Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen]] (also known as Ittehad or MIM). Its objectives were to unite the Muslims in the State in support of Nizam and to reduce the Hindu majority by large-scale conversion to Islam.<ref name="Kate, P. V. 1948, p.73">Kate, P. V., [https://books.google.com/books?id=tjndiykddsIC&pg=PA73 ''Marathwada Under the Nizams, 1724–1948''], Delhi: Mittal Publications, 1987, p. 73</ref> The MIM became a powerful communal organisation, with the principal focus to marginalise the political aspirations of the Hindus and moderate Muslims.<ref name="Kate, P. V. 1948, p.73"/>

==Events preceding hostilities==
{{Main|Political integration of India|Partition of India}}

===Political and diplomatic negotiations===
''[[Mir (title)|Mir]]'' [[Osman Ali Khan|Sir Osman Ali Khan]], [[Nizam of Hyderabad]], initially approached the British government with a request to take on the status of an independent constitutional monarchy within the [[Commonwealth of Nations]]. This request was, however, rejected by the last [[Viceroy of India]], [[Louis Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma|The 1st Viscount Mountbatten of Burma]].<ref name="Krishna1998">{{cite book|author=Ashok Krishna|title=India's Armed Forces: Fifty Years of War and Peace|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wGIkXCsgT2UC|year=1998|publisher=Lancer Publishers|isbn=978-1-897829-47-9|page=6}}</ref>

At the time of the British withdrawal from India, the Nizam announced that he did not intend to join either new dominion,<ref>E. W. R. Lumby, ''[[iarchive:in.gov.ignca.2624/page/n237/mode/2up|The Transfer of Power in India, 1945–1947]]'' (1954), p. 232</ref> and proceeded to appoint trade representatives in European countries and to begin negotiations with the Portuguese, seeking to lease or buy [[Goa]] to provide his state with access to the sea.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Morris-Jones |first=W. H. |date=Autumn 1983 |title=Thirty-Six Years Later: The Mixed Legacies of Mountbatten's Transfer of Power |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/2619473 |journal=International Affairs |volume=59 |issue=4 |pages=624–625 |doi=10.2307/2619473 |jstor=2619473 |access-date=15 January 2023 |quote=Sir Walter Monckton, Mountbatten's self-styled 'dear friend', at that time Constitutional Adviser to the Nizam of Hyderabad, managed to involve Lord Templewood in a conspiracy to persuade the Portuguese government to cooperate in supplying a rail link to the sea at Goa for the use of Hyderabad. |url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Moore |first=R. J. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zOqAAAAAIAAJ |title=Endgames of Empire; Studies of Britain's Indian Problem |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=1988 |location=Delhi |pages=193 |chapter=India in 1947: The Limits of Unity |isbn=978-0-19-562143-3 |quote=Since late in 1945, landlocked Hyderabad had been seeking access to a port. In April 1947 Monckton was in touch with Templewood about the acquisition of port facilities at Mormugao, in Portuguese Goa, with a rail link to be built from the state to the sea. The businessman Sir Alexander Roger was employed as an intermediary, but Monckton himself seems to have visited Portugal in April. |access-date=15 January 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Liddell |first=Guy |url=https://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/details/r/C13200348 |title=Diary of Guy Liddell, Deputy Director General of the Security Service, 1948 |year=1948 |location=London |page=16 |author-link=Guy Liddell |access-date=15 January 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Mhamai |first=S K |url=http://irgu.unigoa.ac.in/drs/bitstream/handle/unigoa/4134/Goa_in_the_Indian_Subcontinent_2001_133-148.pdf |title=Goa in the Indian Sub-Continent |publisher=Directorate of Archaeology and Archives |year=2001 |location=Panaji |chapter=The Geostrategic and Geopolitical Importance of Goa in the Indian Sub-Continent |access-date=15 January 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Bègue |first=Sandrine |url=https://www.academia.edu/9314906 |title=La Fin de Goa et de Estado da Índia : Décolonisation et Guerre Froide dans le Sous-Continent Indien (1945–1962) |publisher=Ministério dos Negócios Estrangeiros, Instituto diplomático |year=2007 |isbn=9789729245558 |volume=1 |location=Lisbon |pages=234–242 |language=French |chapter=Les Origines du Conflit Luso-Indien (1947–1950) |oclc=493408796 |access-date=15 January 2023}}</ref>

[[B. R. Ambedkar]], the Law Minister in the first independent Indian government considered the state of Hyderabad to be "a new problem which may turn out to be worse than the Hindu-Muslim problem as it is sure to result in the further Balkanisation of India".<ref name="SP"/> According to the writer [[A. G. Noorani]], Indian Prime Minister [[Jawaharlal Nehru|Nehru]]'s concern was to defeat what he called Hyderabad's "secessionist venture", but he favoured talks and considered military option as a last resort. In Nehru's observation, the state of Hyderabad was "full of dangerous possibilities".<ref name="SP" /> [[Vallabhbhai Patel|Sardar Patel]] of the [[Indian National Congress]], however, took a hard line, and had no patience with talks.{{sfn|Noorani|2014|pp=213–4}}<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Venkateshwarlu |first1=K.|title=Destructive merger|journal=Frontline|issue=19 September 2014|url=http://www.frontline.in/books/destructive-merger/article6365005.ece?homepage=true}}</ref>

Accordingly, the Indian government offered Hyderabad a [[Standstill agreement (India)|standstill agreement]] which made an assurance that the status quo would be maintained and no military action would be taken for one year. According to this agreement, India would handle Hyderabad's foreign affairs, but Indian Army troops stationed in Secunderabad would be removed.<ref name=ShermanLSE/> In Hyderabad city there was a huge demonstration by Razakars led by Syed Qasim Razvi in October 1947, against the administration's decision to sign the Standstill Agreement. This demonstration in front of the houses of the main negotiators, the Prime Minister, [[Muhammad Ahmad Said Khan Chhatari|the Nawab of Chattari]], Sir [[Walter Monckton]], advisor to the Nizam, and Minister Nawab Ali Nawaz Jung, forced them to call off their Delhi visit to sign the agreement at that time.<ref>{{Cite news |first=K. |last=Venkateshwarlu |url=http://www.thehindu.com/books/how-the-nizam-lost-hyderabad-in-1948/article3765710.ece|title=How the Nizam lost Hyderabad in 1948|date=14 August 2012|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=20 June 2018}}</ref>

Hyderabad violated all clauses of the agreement: in external affairs, by carrying out intrigues with Pakistan in defence, by building up a large semi-private army; in communications, by interfering with the traffic at the borders and the through traffic of Indian railways.{{sfnp|Hodson, The Great Divide|1969|pp=480–481}} India was also accused of violating the agreement by imposing an economic blockade. It turned out that the state of [[Bombay State|Bombay]] was interfering with supplies to Hyderabad without the knowledge of Delhi. The Government promised to take up the matter with the provincial governments, but scholar Lucien Benichou states that it was never done. There were also delays in arms shipments to Hyderabad from India.<ref>{{harvp|Hodson, The Great Divide|1969|pp=480–481}}; {{harvp|Raghavan, War and Peace in Modern India|2010|p=77}}; {{harvp|Benichou, From Autocracy to Integration|2000|pp=214–215}}</ref>

Jawaharlal Nehru in a reception to the Bombay Union of Journalists on 26 April 1948 laid out his government's position:<ref name="Munshi 1957 p.">{{cite book | last=Munshi | first=K.M. | title=The End of an Era; Hyderabad Memories | publisher=Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan | year=1957 | isbn=978-0-8426-0032-3 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5zfRAAAAMAAJ | page=320}}</ref>

<blockquote>If the safety of the people in Hyderabad was endangered by the activities of Razakars, the Government would intervene in Hyderabad State. The time had arrived when this hostility must cease. If the Hyderabad Government could not stop it, other measures would be adopted.</blockquote>

[[Muhammad Ali Jinnah]] reportedly warned the then Viceroy Lord Mountbatten, "If Congress attempted to exert any pressure on Hyderabad, every Muslim throughout the whole of India, yes, all the hundred million Muslims, would rise as one man to defend the oldest Muslim dynasty in India."<ref name="SP" /> According to Taylor C. Sherman, "India claimed that the government of Hyderabad was edging towards independence by divesting itself of its Indian securities, banning the Indian currency, halting the export of ground nuts, organising illegal gun-running from Pakistan, and inviting recruits to its army and its irregular forces, the Razakars." The Hyderabadi envoys accused India of setting up armed barricades on all land routes and of attempting to economically isolate their nation.<ref name=ShermanLSE/>

In the summer of 1948, Indian officials, especially Patel, signalled an intention to invade; Britain encouraged India to resolve the issue without the use of force but refused Nizam's requests to help.<ref name=ShermanLSE />

The Nizam also made unsuccessful attempts to seek the intervention of the United Nations.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Hyderabad Question|url=https://www.un.org/en/sc/repertoire/46-51/Chapter%208/46-51_08-19-The%20Hyderabad%20question.pdf|website=United Nations|access-date=23 September 2014}}</ref>

===Telangana Rebellion===
{{Main|Telangana Rebellion}}
In late 1945, there started a peasant uprising in the [[Telangana]] area, led by communists. The communists drew their support from various quarters. Among the poor peasants, there were grievances against the [[jagirdari]] system, which covered 43% of land holding. Initially, they also drew support from wealthier peasants who also fought under the communist banner, but by 1948, the coalition had disintegrated.<ref name=ShermanLSE/> According to the Indian Intelligence Bureau Deputy Director, the social and economic programs of the communists were "positive and in some cases great...The communists redistributed land and livestock, reduced rates, ended forced labour and increased wages by one hundred per cent. They inoculated the population and built public latrines; they encouraged women's organisations, discouraged sectarian sentiment and sought to abolish untouchability."<ref name=ShermanLSE/>

Initially, in 1945, the communists targeted [[zamindars]] and even the [[Deshmukh]]s, but soon they launched a full-fledged revolt against the Nizam. Starting in mid-1946, the conflict between the Razakars and the [[Communism in India|Communist]]s became increasingly [[violent]], with both sides resorting to increasingly brutal methods. According to an Indian government pamphlet, the communists had killed about 2,000 people by 1948.<ref name=ShermanLSE/>

===Communal violence before the operation===
<section begin=prior />
In the [[1937 Indian provincial elections|1936–37 Indian elections]], the Muslim League under [[Muhammad Ali Jinnah]] had sought to harness Muslim aspirations and had won the adherence of MIM leader [[Bahadur Yar Jung|Nawab Bahadur Yar Jung]], who campaigned for an Islamic State centred on the Nizam as the Sultan dismissing all claims for democracy. The [[Arya Samaj]], a Hindu revivalist movement, had been demanding greater access to power for the Hindu majority since the late 1930s and was curbed by the Nizam in 1938. The Hyderabad State Congress joined forces with the Arya Samaj as well as the [[Hindu Mahasabha]] in the State.{{sfn|Noorani|2014|pp=51–61}}

Noorani regards the MIM under Nawab Bahadur Yar Jung as explicitly committed to safeguarding the rights of religious and linguistic minorities. However, this changed with the ascent of Qasim Razvi after the Nawab died in 1944.{{sfn|Muralidharan|2014|pp=128–129}}

Even as India and Hyderabad negotiated, most of the sub-continent had been thrown into chaos as a result of communal Hindu-Muslim riots pending the imminent partition of India. Fearing a Hindu civil uprising in his kingdom, the Nizam allowed Razvi to set up a voluntary militia of Muslims called the 'Razakars'.{{citation needed|date=September 2025}} The Razakars – who numbered up to 200,000 at the height of the conflict – swore to uphold Islamic domination in Hyderabad and the Deccan plateau<ref name=ShermanLSE />{{rp|8}} in the face of growing public opinion amongst the majority Hindu population favouring the accession of Hyderabad into the Indian Union.

According to an account by Mohammed Hyder, a civil servant in Osmanabad district, a variety of armed militant groups, including ''Razakars'' and ''Deendars'' and ethnic militias of [[Pathans in India|Pathans]] and [[Arabs]] claimed to be defending the Islamic faith and made claims on the land. "From the beginning of 1948, the [[Razakars (Hyderabad)|Razakars]] had extended their activities from Hyderabad city into the towns and rural areas, murdering Hindus, abducting women, pillaging houses and fields, and looting non-Muslim property in a widespread reign of terror."<ref>By Frank Moraes, Jawaharlal Nehru, Mumbai: Jaico.2007, p. 394</ref><ref name="Kate, P. V. 1948, p.84">Kate, P. V., Marathwada Under the Nizams, 1724–1948, Delhi: Mittal Publications, 1987, p. 84</ref> "Some women became victims of rape and kidnapping by Razakars. Thousands went to jail and braved the cruelties perpetuated by the oppressive administration. Due to the activities of the Razakars, thousands of Hindus had to flee from the state and take shelter in various camps".<ref name="Kate, P. V. 1948, p.84"/> Some 400,000 people, mostly Hindus, fled to the states of Bombay, Mysore, Madras and Central Provinces.<ref name=ShermanBelonging/>{{rp|24}} Some who went across the border into independent India and organised raids into Nizam's territory, which further escalated the violence. Many of these raiders were controlled by the Congress leadership in the Indian provinces and had links with extremist religious elements in the [[Hindutva]] fold.{{sfn|Muralidharan|2014|p=132}} In all, more than 150 villages (of which 70 were in Indian territory outside Hyderabad State) were pushed into violence.

Hyder mediated some efforts to minimise the influence of the Razakars.{{Citation needed|date=April 2017}} Razvi, while generally receptive, vetoed the option of disarming them, saying that with the Hyderabad state army ineffective, the Razakars were the only means of self-defence available. By the end of August 1948, a full-blown invasion by India was imminent.{{sfn|Muralidharan|2014|p=134}}

===Hyderabadi military preparations===
[[File:Rohilla warrior.jpg|thumb|145px|Portrait of a [[Rohilla]] warrior in service of the [[Nizam of Hyderabad|Hyderabad Nizam]]]]
The Nizam was in a weak position as his army numbered only 24,000 men, of whom only some 6,000 were fully trained and equipped.{{sfn|Benichou, From Autocracy to Integration|2000|p=229}} These included [[Arab]]s, [[Rohilla]]s, North Indian Muslims and [[Pathans in India|Pathans]]. The State Army consisted of three armoured regiments, a horse cavalry regiment, 11 infantry battalions and artillery. These were supplemented by irregular units with horse cavalry, four infantry battalions (termed as the Saraf-e-khas, paigah, Arab and Refugee) and a garrison battalion.{{citation needed|date=September 2014}} This army was commanded by [[General El Edroos|Major General El Edroos]], an Arab.<ref name="bharat-rakshak.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/MONITOR/ISSUE2-3/lns.html|title=Bharat Rakshak-Monitor|publisher=Bharat-rakshak.com|access-date=12 September 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051127054521/http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/MONITOR/ISSUE2-3/lns.html|archive-date=27 November 2005|df=dmy-all}}</ref> 55 per cent of the Hyderabadi army was composed of Muslims, with 1,268 Muslims in a total of 1,765 officers as of 1941.<ref name=mohanGuruswamy/><ref name="indianofficer.com">[http://www.indianofficer.com/forums/history-wiki/899-operation-polo-liberation-hyderabad.html] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080926163441/http://www.indianofficer.com/forums/history-wiki/899-operation-polo-liberation-hyderabad.html|date=26 September 2008}}</ref>

In addition to these, there were about 200,000 irregular militia called the Razakars under the command of a civilian leader [[Kasim Razvi]]. A quarter of these were armed with modern small firearms, while the rest were predominantly armed with muzzle-loaders and swords.<ref name="bharat-rakshak.com"/>

===Skirmish at Kodad===
On 6 September an Indian police post near Chillakallu village came under heavy fire from [[Razakars (Hyderabad)|Razakar]] units. The Indian Army command sent a squadron of [[The Poona Horse]] led by [[Abhey Singh]] and a company of [[5th Royal Gurkha Rifles (Frontier Force)|2/5 Gurkha Rifles]] to investigate who were also fired upon by the Razakars. The tanks of the Poona Horse then chased the Razakars to Kodad, in Hyderabad territory. Here they were opposed by the armoured cars of 1st Hyderabad Lancers. In a brief action, the Poona Horse destroyed one armoured car and forced the surrender of the state garrison at Kodad.

===Indian military preparations===
On receiving directions from the government to seize and annex Hyderabad,<ref name="Department of History, Osmania University 2006 p. ">{{cite book | title=Osmania Journal of Historical Research | publisher=Department of History, Osmania University | issue=v. 7 | year=2006 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vT-18sQEK8YC | page=82}}</ref> the Indian army came up with the ''Goddard Plan'' (laid out by [[Eric Goddard|Lt. Gen. E. N. Goddard]], the Commander-in-Chief of the Southern Command). The plan envisaged two main thrusts – from [[Vijayawada]] in the East and [[Solapur]] in the West – while smaller units pinned down the Hyderabadi army along the border. Overall command was placed in the hands of Lt. Gen. Rajendrasinghji, DSO.

The attack from Solapur was led by Major General [[Jayanto Nath Chaudhuri]] and was composed of four task forces:
# Strike Force comprising a mix of fast-moving infantry, cavalry and light artillery,
# Smash Force consisting of predominantly armoured units and artillery,
# Kill Force composed of infantry and engineering units,
# Vir Force which comprised infantry, anti-tank and engineering units.
The attack from [[Vijaywada|Vijayawada]] was led by Major General [[Ajit Rudra]] and comprised the 2/5 Gurkha Rifles, one squadron of the [[The Poona Horse|17th (Poona) Horse]], and a troop from the 19th Field Battery along with engineering and ancillary units. In addition, four infantry battalions were to neutralise and protect lines of communication. Two squadrons of [[Hawker Tempest]] aircraft were prepared for air support from the [[Pune]] base.

Nehru, in a letter to [[V. K. Krishna Menon]] dated to 29 August 1948, wrote that "I am convinced that it is impossible to arrive at any solution of the Hyderabad problem by settlement or peaceful negotiation. Military action becomes essential, we call it as you have called it Police Action."<ref name="Hangloo Murali 2007 p. ">{{cite book | last1=Hangloo | first1=Rattan Lal | last2=Murali | first2=A. | title=New Themes in Indian History: Art, Politics, Gender, Environment, and Culture | publisher=Black & White | year=2007 | isbn=978-81-89320-15-7 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nwVuAAAAMAAJ | pages=240–241}}</ref><ref name="Joseph 2006 p. ">{{cite book | last=Joseph | first=T.U. | title=Accession of Hyderabad: The Inside Story | publisher=Sundeep Prakashan | year=2006 | isbn=978-81-7574-171-3 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=421uAAAAMAAJ | page=176}}</ref> It was also believed that there could be a possible military response by Pakistan.<ref name="Nayar 2012 p. 146">{{cite book | last=Nayar | first=K. | title=Beyond The Lines: An Autobiography | publisher=Roli Books | year=2012 | isbn=978-81-7436-821-8 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=p85bBAAAQBAJ&pg=PT146| page=146}}</ref><ref name=ShermanLSE />''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' magazine pointed out that if India invaded Hyderabad, Razakars would massacre Hindus, which would lead to retaliatory massacres of Muslims across India.<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Lubar |first=Robert |date=30 August 1948 |title=Hyderabad: The Holdout |url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,799076-2,00.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930213901/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,799076-2,00.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=30 September 2007 |magazine=Time |page=26 |quote=If the Indian army invaded Hyderabad, Razvi's Razakars would kill Hyderabad Hindus. Throughout India, Hindus would retaliate against Muslims. |access-date=20 May 2010}}</ref><section end=prior /> On September 7, [[Jawaharlal Nehru]] gave ultimatum to Nizam, demanding ban on the Razakars and return of Indian troops to [[Secunderabad Cantonment Board|Secunderabad]].<ref name="Benichou 2000"/><ref name="Siddiqi 1960 p. "/> Pakistan foreign minister [[Muhammad Zafarullah Khan]] warned India against this ultimatum.<ref name="Best 2003 p. 224">{{cite book | last=Best | first=A. | title=British Documents on Foreign Affairs: Reports and Papers from the Foreign Office Confidential Print. From 1946 through 1950. Asia 1949. Burma, India, Pakistan, Ceylon, Indonesia, The Philippines and South-East Asia and the Far East (general), january 1949–december 1949 | publisher=Univ. Publ. of America | series=Asia / ed. Anthony Best | issue=pt. 4, v. 9 | year=2003 | isbn=978-1-55655-768-2 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aTyk_neEmg0C&pg=PA224 | page=224}}</ref> Nehru then launched the invasion on 13 September, after the death of Jinnah on 11 September.<ref name="Hangloo Murali 2007 p. "/><ref name="Pakistan Institute">{{cite journal | title=Vol. 17, No. 2, Second Quarter, 1964 | journal=Pakistan Horizon | publisher=Pakistan Institute of International Affairs | volume=17 | issue=2 | year=1964 | issn=0030-980X | jstor=41392796 | page=169 | url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/41392796 | access-date=2023-08-25}}</ref>

==Commencement of hostilities==
{{more citations needed section|date = February 2012}}
[[File:Operation Polo 1948.jpg|thumb|left|220px|Indian Army movements during the Operation Polo]]

===Day 1, 13 September===
Indian forces entered the state at 4 a.m.<ref>{{cite web|title=Press Note|url=http://pibarchive.nic.in/archive/ArchiveSecondPhase/DEFENCE/1948-JULY-DEC-MIN-OF-DEFENCE/PDF/DEF-1948-09-13_170.pdf|website=Press Information Bureau of India – Archive|date=13 September 1948|access-date=16 February 2020}}</ref> The first battle was fought at [[Naldurg]] Fort on the Solapur Secunderabad Highway between a defending force of the 1st Hyderabad Infantry and the attacking force of the 7th Brigade. Using speed and surprise, the 7th Brigade managed to secure a vital bridge on the Bori River intact, following which an assault was made on the Hyderabadi positions at Naldurg by the 2nd Sikh Regiment. The bridge and road secured, an armoured column of the 1st Armoured Brigade – part of the Smash force – moved into the town of [[Jalkot]], 8 km from Naldurg, at 0900 hours, paving the way for the Strike Force units under Lt. Col Ram Singh Commanding Officer of [[Dogra Regiment|9 Dogra]] (a motorised battalion) to pass through. This armoured column reached the town of [[Umarga]], 61 km inside Hyderabad by 1515 hours, where it quickly overpowered resistance from Razakar units defending the town.
Meanwhile, another column consisting of a squadron of [[3rd Cavalry (India)|3rd Cavalry]], a troop from [[18th King Edward's Own Cavalry]], a troop from 9 Para Field Regiment, 10 Field Company Engineers, [[2nd Punjab Regiment|3/2 Punjab Regiment]], [[1 Gorkha Rifles|2/1 Gurkha Rifles]], 1 [[Mewar]] Infantry, and ancillary units attacked the town of [[Tuljapur]], about 34 km north-west of Naldurg. They reached Tuljapur at dawn, where they encountered resistance from a unit of the 1st Hyderabad Infantry and about 200 Razakars who fought for two hours before surrendering. Further advance towards the town of [[Lohara, Osmanabad|Lohara]] was stalled as the river had swollen. The first day on the Western Front ended with the Indians inflicting heavy casualties on the Hyderabadis and capturing large tracts of territory. Amongst the captured defenders was a British mercenary who had been tasked with blowing up the bridge near [[Naldurg]].

In the East, forces led by Lt. Gen A.A. Rudra met with fierce resistance from two armoured car cavalry units of the [[Hyderabad State Forces]], equipped with [[Humber armoured car]]s and [[T17E1 Staghound|Staghounds]], namely the 2nd and 4th Hyderabad Lancers,<ref name="Prasad1972">{{cite book|last=Prasad|first=S. N.|title=Operation Polo: The Police Action Against Hyderabad, 1948|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JlQdAAAAMAAJ|year=1972|publisher=Historical Section, Ministry of Defence, Government of India; distributors: Manager of Publications, Government of India, Delhi|page=75}}</ref> but managed to reach the town of [[Kodad|Kodar]] by 0830 hours. Pressing on, the force reached [[Munagala]] by the afternoon.

There were further incidents in [[Hospet]] – where the 1st Mysore assaulted and secured a [[Sugar refinery|sugar factory]] from units of Razakars and [[Pathans in India|Pathans]] – and at [[Tungabhadra]] – where the [[5 Gorkha Rifles|5/5 Gurkha]] attacked and secured a vital bridge from the Hyderabadi army.

===Day 2, 14 September===
The force that had camped at Umarga proceeded to the town of [[Rajeshwar]], 48 km east. As aerial reconnaissance had shown well-entrenched ambush positions set up along the way, the air strikes from squadrons of [[Hawker Tempest|Tempests]] were called in. These air strikes effectively cleared the route and allowed the land forces to reach and secure Rajeshwar by the afternoon.

The assault force from the East was meanwhile slowed by an anti-tank ditch and later came under heavy fire from hillside positions of the [[1st Duke of York's Own Lancers (Skinner's Horse)|1st Lancers]] and [[5th Mahratta Light Infantry|5th Infantry]] 6 km from Suryapet. The positions were assaulted by the 2/5 Gurkha – veterans of the [[Burma Campaign]] – and were neutralised, with the Hyderabadis taking severe casualties.

At the same time, the [[11 Gorkha Rifles|3/11 Gurkha Rifles]] and a squadron of 8th Cavalry attacked [[Osmanabad]] and took the town after heavy street combat with the Razakars who determinedly resisted the Indians.<ref name="hindu">{{cite news| url=http://www.hindu.com/2005/09/14/stories/2005091405050200.htm | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090504053202/http://www.hindu.com/2005/09/14/stories/2005091405050200.htm | url-status=dead | archive-date=4 May 2009 | location=Chennai, India | work=[[The Hindu]] | title=When the Indian Army liberated thousands | date=14 September 2005}}</ref>

A force under the command of Maj. Gen. D.S. Brar was tasked with capturing the city of [[Aurangabad, Maharashtra|Aurangabad]]. The city was attacked by six columns of infantry and cavalry, resulting in the civil administration emerging in the afternoon and offering a surrender to the Indians.

There were further incidents in [[Jalna (city)|Jalna]] where 3 Sikhs, a company of 2 Jodhpur infantry and some tanks from 18 Cavalry faced stubborn resistance from Hyderabadi forces.

===Day 3, 15 September===
Leaving a company of 3/11 Gurkhas to occupy the town of [[Jalna (city)|Jalna]], the remainder of the force moved to [[Latur]], and later to [[Ambajogai|Mominabad]] where they faced action against the 3 Golconda Lancers who gave token resistance before surrendering.

At the town of [[Suryapet]], air strikes cleared most of the Hyderabadi defences, although some Razakar units still gave resistance to the 2/5 Gurkhas who occupied the town. The retreating Hyderabadi forces destroyed the bridge at Musi to delay the Indians but failed to offer covering fire, allowing the bridge to be quickly repaired. Another incident occurred at [[Narketpally|Narkatpalli]] where a Razakar unit was decimated by the Indians.

===Day 4, 16 September===
The task force under Lt. Col. Ram Singh moved towards [[Zahirabad]] at dawn but was slowed by a minefield, which had to be cleared. On reaching the junction of the Bidar road with the Solapur-[[Hyderabad, India|Hyderabad City]] Highway, the forces encountered gunfire from ambush positions. However, leaving some of the units to handle the ambush, the bulk of the force moved on to reach 15 kilometres beyond Zahirabad by nightfall despite sporadic resistance along the way. Most of the resistance was from Razakar units who ambushed the Indians as they passed through urban areas. The Razakars were able to use the terrain to their advantage until the Indians brought in their 75 mm guns.

===Day 5, 17 September===
In the early hours of 17 September, the Indian army entered [[Bidar]]. Meanwhile, forces led by the 1st Armoured regiment were at the town of [[Chityal, Nalgonda district|Chityal]] about 60 km from [[Hyderabad]], while another column took over the town of [[Hingoli]]. By the morning of the 5th day of hostilities, it had become clear that the Hyderabad army and the Razakars had been routed on all fronts and with extremely heavy casualties. At 5 pm on 17 September, the Nizam announced a ceasefire, thus ending the armed action.<ref name="hindu"/>

== Hyderabad at the United Nations ==
The Government of Hyderabad, on 21 August 1948 informed [[United Nations Security Council|Security Council]] that a "grave dispute which had arisen between Hyderabad and India" be brought to its attention. Later on 12 September reported first the "threat of invasion, and then an actual invasion by India". The issue was admitted to the agenda of the Security Council at its 357th meeting, held at Paris on 16 September 1948.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.securitycouncilreport.org/atf/cf/%7B65BFCF9B-6D27-4E9C-8CD3-CF6E4FF96FF9%7D/UNMembers%20SRES45.pdf|publisher=[[United Nations Security Council|Security Council]]|title=The Hyderabad Question|date=|access-date=2024-11-12}}</ref> Nizam deputed five men to represent [[Hyderabad State|Hyderabad]] at the United Nations. These five were [[Moin Nawaz Jung]], [[Muhammad Hamidullah]], [[Yusuf Husain|Yousuf Hussain Khan]], Zaheer Ahmad and Pingle Venkatram Reddy.<ref name="TimesInd_UN">{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/a-misfortune-for-five-men/articleshow/2949811.cms|publisher=[[Times of India]]|title=A misfortune of five men|first=Ayoob Ali|last=Khan|date=2008-04-14|access-date=2024-11-12}}</ref> The representative of Hyderabad stated that Hyderabad had obtained full independence on 15 August 1947 when British suzerainty over the territory ended. Hyderabad representatives expressed a willingness to hold a plebiscite under the supervision of the United Nations. They asked the council to use its powers to halt the ''invasion'' and ask India to withdraw its troops. The representative of India maintained that Hyderabad was not competent to bring any question before the Security Council as it was neither a State nor independent. India also informed the Security Council the reign of terror by [[Razakars (Hyderabad)|''private armies'']] in Hyderabad, and other events which, he said, had obliged the Government of India to take action.<ref>{{cite book |last= |first= |author-link= |date= |title= Yearbook of the United Nations 1948–49|url= https://cdn.un.org/unyearbook/yun/pdf/1948-49/1948-49_308.pdf/1948-49/1948-49_309.pdf|location= |publisher=[[United Nations]] |page= 299|isbn=9789210602204}}</ref>

On September 20, 1948s, during the 359th meeting of Security Council a representative from India informed that Nizam had instructed the representative of Hyderabad to withdraw the complaint from Security Council. On 22 September 1948 a cable sent by Nizam to [[Secretary-General of the United Nations|Secretary General]] confirmed the same. The cable also stated that that Hyderabad delegation at United Nations ceased to have any authority to either represent [[Hyderabad State|Hyderabad]] or the Nizam. The Hyderabad delegation denied this; however, on 24 September the delegation of Hyderabad confirmed the same and informed Security Council that Hyderabad State has surrendered and Government India had instructed Agents-General of Hyderabad to suspend all overseas activities.<ref>{{cite book |last= |first= |author-link= |date= |title= Yearbook of the United Nations 1948–49|url= https://cdn.un.org/unyearbook/yun/pdf/1948-49/1948-49_309.pdf|location= |publisher=[[United Nations]] |page= 299|isbn=9789210602204}}</ref> In December 1948, Moin Nawaz Jung later once again approached the Security Council claiming that Nizam had given instructions to withdraw the complaint ''under duress''.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1948/12/15/archives/hyderabads-case-again-sent-to-un-letter-to-council-says-nizam.html|work=[[The New York Times]]|title=Hyderabad's Case Again Sent to U.N.; Letter to Council Says ...|date=1948-12-15|access-date=2024-11-12}}</ref>

Out of the five men who represented Hyderabad at United Nations, Moin Nawaz Jung and Muhammed Hameedullah never returned to India. Yousuf Hussain Khan quit his job at [[Osmania University]] and moved to Aligarh Muslim University. Zaheer Ahmed joined Government of India and later got important postings in Foreign Services. However Pingle Venkatram Reddy was arrested on his return and interned in [[Chanchalguda Jail]] and later was put under house arrest.<ref name="TimesInd_UN"/>

==Capitulation and surrender==

===Consultations with Indian envoy===
[[File:FirstPageDeccanChronicle 18Sep1948.jpg|thumb|right|210px|The first page of ''[[Deccan Chronicle]]'' that was published on 18 September 1948]]
On 16 September, faced with imminent defeat, [[Nizam of Hyderabad|Nizam]] ''[[Mir (title)|Mir]]'' [[Osman Ali Khan|Sir Osman Ali Khan]] summoned his Prime Minister, ''[[Mir (title)|Mir]]'' [[Mir Laiq Ali|Laiq Ali]], and requested his resignation by the morning of the following day. The resignation was delivered along with the resignations of the entire cabinet.
On the noon of 17 September, a messenger brought a personal note from the Nizam to India's [[Agent General]] to Hyderabad, [[Kanaiyalal Maneklal Munshi|K. M. Munshi]], summoning him to the Nizam's office at 1600 hours. At the meeting, the Nizam stated "The vultures have resigned. I don't know what to do". Munshi advised the Nizam to secure the safety of the citizens of Hyderabad by issuing appropriate orders to the Commander of the Hyderabad State Army, [[Major-General]] [[Syed Ahmed El Edroos|El Edroos]]. This was immediately done.

===Broadcast by Nehru===

On 18 September, Jawaharlal Nehru in his broadcast said on the military action:<ref name="India. Bureau of p.">{{cite book | author=India. Bureau of Public Information | title=Indian Information Series | publisher=Bureau of the public information of the government of India. | issue=v. 23 | year=1948 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5Zg7AQAAIAAJ | page=247}}</ref>
[[File:NehruAddressingCrowds FatehMaidan.jpg|thumb|left|185px|Jawaharlal Nehru addressing crowds at [[Fateh Maidan]] after the integration]]
<blockquote>It is natural that we should rejoice at this swift termination of the action we undertook after prolonged and painful thought and each deliberation. As I have repeatedly said we are men of peace, hating war and the last thing we desire is to come into an armed conflict with anyone. Nevertheless, circumstances which you will know well, compelled us to take this action in Hyderabad. Fortunately, it was brief and we return with relief to the paths of peace again.</blockquote>

===Radio broadcast by the Nizam===
[[File:Op Polo Surrender.jpg|thumb|right|190px|[[Major General]] [[Syed Ahmed El Edroos]] (at right) offers his surrender of the Hyderabad State Forces to [[Major General]] (later [[General]] and [[Chief of the Army Staff (India)|Army Chief]]) [[Joyanto Nath Chaudhuri]] at [[Secunderabad]].]]
It was [[Nizam]] ''[[Mir (title)|Mir]]'' [[Osman Ali Khan, Asaf Jah VII|Sir Osman Ali Khan]]'s first visit to the radio station. The [[Nizam of Hyderabad]], in his radio speech on 23 September 1948, said "In November last [1947], a small group which had organised a quasi-military organisation surrounded the homes of my Prime Minister, the [[Muhammad Ahmad Said Khan Chhatari|Nawab of Chhatari]], in whose wisdom I had complete confidence, and of [[Walter Monckton, 1st Viscount Monckton of Brenchley|Sir Walter Monkton]], my constitutional Adviser, by duress compelled the Nawab and other trusted ministers to resign and forced the Laik Ali Ministry on me. This group headed by [[Kasim Razvi]] had no stake in the country or any record of service behind it. By methods reminiscent of Hitlerite Germany it took possession of the State, spread terror ... and rendered me completely helpless."{{sfn|Benichou, From Autocracy to Integration|2000|p=237}}

===The surrender ceremony===
According to the records maintained by the [[Indian Army]], General Chaudhari led an armoured column into Hyderabad at around 4 p.m. on 18 September and the Hyderabad army, led by Major General El Edroos, surrendered.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/2005/09/14/stories/2005091405050200.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090504053202/http://www.hindu.com/2005/09/14/stories/2005091405050200.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=4 May 2009|title=When the Indian Army liberated thousands |newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=14 September 2005|access-date=19 September 2011}}</ref>

== Communal violence during and after the operation ==
{{further|Hyderabad Massacre}}
<section begin=communalLater />
There were reports of [[looting]], [[mass murder]] and [[War rape|rape]] of Muslims in reprisals by Hyderabadi Hindus.<ref name="BBC Hyderabad 1948"/><ref name="Kate, P. V. 1948, p.84"/> Jawaharlal Nehru appointed a mixed-faith committee led by Pandit [[Sunder Lal]] to investigate the situation. The findings of the report ('''Pandit Sunderlal Committee Report''') were not made public until 2013 when it was accessed from the [[Nehru Memorial Museum & Library|Nehru Memorial Museum and Library]] in [[New Delhi]].<ref name="BBC Hyderabad 1948"/><ref>{{citation |title=Lessons to learn from Hyderabad's past |newspaper=The Times of India |date=16 December 2013 |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/Lessons-to-learn-from-Hyderabads-past/articleshow/27390337.cms |id={{ProQuest|1468149022}}}}</ref>

The Committee concluded that while Muslim villagers were disarmed by the Indian Army, Hindus were often left with their weapons.<ref name="BBC Hyderabad 1948"/> The violence was carried out by Hindu residents, with the army sometimes indifferent, and sometimes participating in the atrocities.<ref name=ShermanLSE />{{rp|11}} The Committee stated that large-scale violence against Muslims occurred in Marathwada and Telangana areas. It also concluded: "At several places, members of the armed forces brought out Muslim adult males from villages and towns and massacred them in cold blood."<ref name="BBC Hyderabad 1948"/> The Committee generally credited the military officers with good conduct but stated that soldiers acted out of bigotry.<ref name=ShermanLSE />{{rp|11}} The official "very conservative estimate" was that 27,000 to 40,000 died "during and after the police action."<ref name="BBC Hyderabad 1948"/> Other scholars have put the figure at 200,000, or even higher.<ref name=NooraniUntold>{{citation |last1=Noorani|first1=A.G. |title=Of a massacre untold |journal=Frontline|date=3–16 March 2001|volume= 18|issue= 5 |url=https://frontline.thehindu.com/other/article30159646.ece |access-date=8 September 2014|quote=The lowest estimates, even those offered privately by apologists of the military government, came to at least ten times the number of murders with which previously the Razakars were officially accused...}}</ref> Among Muslims some estimates were even higher and Smith says that the military government's private low estimates [of Muslim casualties] were at least ten times the number of murders with which the Razakars were officially accused.{{sfn|Benichou, From Autocracy to Integration|2000|p=238}}

Patel reacted angrily to the report and disowned its conclusions. He stated that the terms of reference were flawed because they only covered the part during and after the operation. He also cast aspersions on the motives and standing of the committee. These objections are regarded by Noorani as disingenuous because the commission was an official one, and it was critical of the Razakars as well.<ref name=NooraniUntold/>{{sfn|Muralidharan|2014|p=136}}

According to Mohammed Hyder, the tragic consequences of the Indian operation were largely preventable. He faulted the Indian army for neither restoring local administration nor setting up their military administration. As a result, the anarchy led to several thousand "thugs", from the camps set up across the border, filling the vacuum. He stated "Thousands of families were broken up, children separated from their parents and wives, from their husbands. Women and girls were hunted down and raped."{{sfn|Muralidharan|2014|p=135}}

== Hyderabad after integration ==
{{Main|Hyderabad State (1948–1956)}}

=== Detentions and release of people involved ===

[[File:OsmanNehruJN.jpg|thumb|(From left to right): [[Prime Minister of India|Prime Minister]] [[Jawaharlal Nehru]], [[Nizam of Hyderabad|Nizam]] ''[[Mir (title)|Mir]]'' [[Osman Ali Khan|Sir Osman Ali Khan]], and [[Jayanto Nath Chaudhuri]] after Hyderabad's accession to the [[Dominion of India]]]]
The Indian military detained thousands of people during the operation, including Razakars, Hindu militants, and communists. This was largely done based on local informants, who used this opportunity to settle scores. The estimated number of people detained was close to 18,000, which resulted in overcrowded jails and a paralysed criminal system.<ref name=ShermanLSE />{{rp|11–12}}

The Indian government set up Special Tribunals to prosecute these. These strongly resembled the colonial governments earlier, and there were many legal irregularities, including denial or inability to access lawyers and delayed trials – about which the Red Cross was pressuring Nehru.<ref name=ShermanLSE />{{rp|13–14}}

The viewpoint of the government was: "In political physics, Razakar action and Hindu reaction have been almost equal and opposite." A quiet decision was taken to release all Hindus and for a review of all Muslim cases, aiming to let many of them out. Regarding atrocities by Muslims, Nehru considered the actions during the operation as "madness" seizing "decent people", analogous to experience elsewhere during the [[Partition of India#Independence, migration, and displacement|partition of India]]. Nehru was also concerned that disenfranchised Muslims would join the communists.<ref name=ShermanLSE />{{rp|15–16}}

The government was under pressure to not prosecute participants in communal violence, which often made communal relations worse. Patel had also died in 1950. Thus, by 1953 the Indian government released all but a few persons.<ref name=ShermanLSE />{{rp|16}}

=== Overhaul of bureaucracy ===

Junior officers from neighbouring Bombay, [[Central Provinces|CP]] and Madras regions were appointed to replace the vacancies. They were unable to speak the language and were unfamiliar with local conditions. Nehru objected to this "communal chauvinism" and called them "incompetent outsiders", and tried to impose Hyderabadi residency requirements: however, this was circumvented by using forged documents.<ref name=ShermanLSE />{{rp|17–18}}

==See also==
* [[Indian Armed Forces Tri-Service Commands|Indian Armed Forces]]
* [[Hyderabad State Forces|Hyderabad State Army]]
* [[Hyderabad State (1948–1956)]]

==References==
{{reflist|30em|refs=
<section begin=SharedRef /> 
<ref name="BBC Hyderabad 1948">{{cite web | url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-24159594 | title=Hyderabad 1948: India's hidden massacre | publisher=BBC | date=24 September 2013 | access-date=24 September 2013 | author=Thomson, Mike}}</ref>
<ref name=ShermanLSE>{{cite journal|last1=Sherman|first1=Taylor C.|title=The integration of the princely state of Hyderabad and the making of the postcolonial state in India, 1948–56|journal=Indian Economic & Social History Review|volume=44|issue=4|pages=489–516|url=http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/32805/1/Sherman_Integration_princely_state_2007.pdf|date=2007|doi=10.1177/001946460704400404|s2cid=145000228}}</ref>
<ref name=ShermanBelonging>{{citation |last=Sherman |first=Taylor C. |title=Muslim Belonging in Secular India |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Qs8_CgAAQBAJ&pg=PA23 |year=2015 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |ISBN=978-1-107-09507-6}}</ref>
<section end=SharedRef />
}}

==Bibliography==
{{Refbegin}}
<section begin=bibliography />
* {{citation |last=Benichou |first=Lucien D. |title=From Autocracy to Integration: Political Developments in Hyderabad State, 1938–1948 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Loiq3YrFy40C&pg=PA214 |year=2000 |publisher=Orient Blackswan |isbn=978-81-250-1847-6 |ref={{sfnref|Benichou, From Autocracy to Integration|2000}} }}
* {{citation |last1=Chandra |first1=Bipan |author-link=Bipan Chandra |last2=Mukherjee |first2=Aditya |last3=Mukherjee |first3=Mridula |title=India Since Independence |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dE9qEg-NgHMC |year=2008 |orig-year=first published 1999 |publisher=Penguin Books India |isbn=978-0-14-310409-4 }}
* {{citation |last=Hyder |first=Mohammed |title=October Coup, A Memoir of the Struggle for Hyderabad |publisher=Roli Books |year=2012 |isbn=978-8174368508 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xdumBAAAQBAJ }}
* {{citation |last=Hodson |first=H. V. |title=The Great Divide: Britain, India, Pakistan |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MC2UoAEACAAJ |year=1969 |publisher=Hutchinson |location=London |isbn=978-0090971503 |ref={{sfnref|Hodson, The Great Divide|1969}} }}
* {{citation |first=V. P. |last=Menon |title=The Story of Integration of the Indian States |publisher=Orient Longman |year=1956 |url=https://hidf1.files.wordpress.com/2011/02/the-story-of-the-integration-of-the-indian-states-by-v-p-menon.pdf }}
* {{cite journal |first=Sukumar |last=Muralidharan |title=Alternate Histories: Hyderabad 1948 Compels a Fresh Evaluation of the Theology of India's Independence and Partition |journal=[[History and Sociology of South Asia]] |year=2014 |volume=8 |number=2 |pages=119–138 |doi=10.1177/2230807514524091 |s2cid=153722788 }}
* {{citation |first=A. G. |last=Noorani |author-link=A. G. Noorani |title=The Destruction of Hyderabad |publisher=Hurst & Co |year=2014 |isbn=978-1-84904-439-4 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FzyKngEACAAJ }}
* {{citation |last=Raghavan |first=Srinath |title=War and Peace in Modern India |date=2010 |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |isbn=978-1-137-00737-7 |ref={{sfnref|Raghavan, War and Peace in Modern India|2010}} }}
* {{citation |first=Wilfred Cantwell |last=Smith |author-link=Wilfred Cantwell Smith |title=Hyderabad: Muslim Tragedy |journal=Middle East Journal |volume=4 |pages=27–51 |number=1 |date=January 1950 |jstor=4322137}}
* {{citation |last=Zubrzycki |first=John |year= 2006 |title= The Last Nizam: An Indian Prince in the Australian Outback |publisher=Pan Macmillan |location=Australia |isbn=978-0-330-42321-2 }}
<section end=bibliography />
{{Refend}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Operation Polo}}
* [https://countercurrents.org/2017/09/police-action-in-hyderabad-1948-september-13-18-operation-polo/ Police Action in Hyderabad, 1948 September 13–18 : Should We Celebrate It?]
* [http://www.frontline.in/static/html/fl1805/18051140.htm From the Sundarlal Report], Frontline, 3–16 March 2001
* [https://www.deccanchronicle.com/131129/news-current-affairs/article/exclusive-sundarlal-report-police-action Exclusive Sundar Lal report on Hyderabad police action], Deccan Chronicle, 30 November 2013.
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070630130336/http://ags.ou.edu/~bwallach/documents/In%20the%20Nizam.pdf In the Nizam's dominion], by Bret Wallach, University of Oklahoma
* [https://narendralutherarchives.blogspot.com/2006/12/nizam-and-radio.html A Blog by Narendra Luther on Operation Polo]
* [https://archive.today/20121209165321/http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:pQ9_Olx6aCYJ:www.haftamag.com/index2.php?option%3Dcom_content%26do_pdf%3D1%26id%3D176+operation+polo&hl=en&ct=clnk&cd=3&gl=us|The Armchair Historian – Operation Polo (Monday, 18 September 2006) – Contributed by Sidin Sunny Vadukut – Last Updated (Monday, 18 September 2006)]

{{Military of India}}
{{Hyderabad topics}}

[[Category:Conflicts in 1948|Hyderabad]]
[[Category:Wars involving India|Hyderabad, annexation of]]
[[Category:Political integration of India|Hyderabad]]
[[Category:1948 in India|Hyderabad]]
[[Category:Wars involving Hyderabad State|Hyderabad]]
[[Category:Nehru administration|Hyderabad, annexation of]]
[[Category:History of Andhra Pradesh (1947–2014)]]
[[Category:Operations involving special forces of India|Hyderabad]]
[[Category:Religiously motivated violence in India|Hyderabad]]
[[Category:Anti-Muslim violence in India|Hyderabad]]
[[Category:History of Marathwada]]
[[Category:Annexation|Hyderabad]]
[[Category:September 1948 in Asia]]
[[Category:Invasions by India]]

Indian locomotive class WAG-11

2026-03-25T11:47:00Z

EveMagill33:

{{Short description|Indian Railway freight class twin section cab electric locomotive}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2020}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=May 2020}}
{{Infobox locomotive
| name = WAG-11
| image = WAG11.jpg
| alt =
| caption = BNDM based WAG-11 (no. 29004) at BLW yard
| powertype = [[Electric]]
| designer = [[Banaras Locomotive Works|BLW]]
| builder = [[Banaras Locomotive Works|BLW]]
| ordernumber =
| serialnumber =
| buildmodel =
| builddate = 2018 – present
| totalproduction = 4
| rebuilder = [[Banaras Locomotive Works|BLW]]
| rebuilddate = 2019-01-01
| numberrebuilt =
| website =
| aarwheels = Twin C-C, C'C'
| uicclass = [[Co-Co locomotives|Twin Co-Co]], Co'Co'
| gauge = {{track gauge|5ft6in|lk=on}}
| trucks = HTSC
| bogies =
| trailingdiameter =
| minimumcurve =
| wheelbase =
| pivotcentres = 
| pantoshoecentres =
| wheelspacing = 
| length = 2X {{convert|20244|mm|ftin|0|abbr=on}}
| over couplers =
| over bufferbeams = 2X {{convert|21244|mm|ftin|0|abbr=on}}
| body =
| height = {{convert|4255|mm|ftin|0|abbr=on}}
| pantodown = {{convert|4255|mm|ftin|0|abbr=on}}
| width = {{convert|3180|mm|ftin|0|abbr=on}}
| wheeldiameter = New: {{convert|1092|mm|ftin|0|abbr=on}} Full-worn: {{convert|1016|mm|ftin|0|abbr=on}}
| axleload = {{convert|48,500|lb|kg|abbr=on}}
| locoweight = {{convert|252|t}} 2*126 Ton
| sandcap =
| powersupply = {{25 kV 50 Hz|25 kV 50 Hz AC}} [[Overhead line|Overhead]]
| electricsystem = {{25 kV 50 Hz|25 kV 50 Hz AC}} [[Overhead line|Overhead]]
| collectionmethod = WBL - 85 HR [[pantograph (rail)|pantograph]]
| generator =
| t/m amps 1 hr = 
| t/m amps cont = {{convert|1,000|hp|kW|-1|abbr=on}}
| alternator = TA-17-CA6A AC
| gear ratio = 17:90
| tractionmotors = 2*6nos.,3-Phase Induction motor, [[Alternating current|AC]] traction motors @ 2180V
| locobrakes = [[Railway air brake|Air]] [[Regenerative brake|Pneumatic Regenerative brake]]
| trainbrakes = [[Railway air brake|Air]]
| headendpower =
| transmission =
| multipleworking =
| trainheating =
| locobrakeforce = 2*{{convert|270|kN|abbr=on}}
| reservoircap =
| compressorcap =
| exhaustercap =
| safety = TPWS (Train Protection and Warning System), Vigilance Control, Slip/Slide Control, Main Overload Relay, No Volt Relay, Over Voltage Protection and Earth Fault Relay
| coupling = H - type transition coupler
| maxspeed = {{convert|105|km/h|mph|0|abbr=on}}
| poweroutput = {{convert|12,000|hp|kW|-1|abbr=on}} / {{convert|12,000|hp|kW|-1|abbr=on}}
| poweroutput start =
| poweroutput 1 hr =
| poweroutput cont =
| tractiveeffort = 2*{{convert|540|kN|abbr=on}}
| t/e starting =
| t/e 1 hr =
| t/e continuous =
| factorofadhesion =
| f/adh starting =
| f/adh 1 hr =
| f/adh continuous =
| operator = [[Indian Railways]]
| operatorclass =
| powerclass =
| numinclass =
| fleetnumbers = '''29001+'''
| officialname = WAGC4
| nicknames =
| axleloadclass =
| locale =
| deliverydate = 2018-09-01
| firstrundate = 2019-01-01
| lastrundate =
| retiredate =
| withdrawndate =
| preservedunits =
| restoredate =
| scrapdate =
| currentowner =
| disposition = Active
| notes = currently undergoing trials
}}

The Indian locomotive class '''WAG-11''' is a class of twin-section 25 [[Volt|kV]] [[Alternating current|AC]] [[electric locomotive]]s that was developed in 2018 by [[Banaras Locomotive Works]] (BLW), Varanasi for [[Indian Railways]]. This freight engine has been designed for a speed of 105 km/h and weighs 252 tons. It is equipped with a three-phase induction motor, four power converters and regenerative as well as pneumatic braking system.<ref>{{cite news |last=Singh |first=Binay |date=8 January 2019 |title=World's first 12,000 HP converted electric locomotive rolls out |url=https://energy.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/power/worlds-first-12000-hp-converted-electric-locomotive-rolls-out/67431945 |work=energy.economictimes.indiatimes.com |location= |access-date=26 August 2024 }}</ref> The model name stands for [[5 ft 6 in gauge railway|broad gauge (W)]], [[Alternating Current]] (A), Goods traffic (G), and 11th in series (11). They entered trials service in 2019. A total of 4 WAG-11 pairs have been built by [[Banaras Locomotive Works]] (BLW), Varanasi.

As of January 2023, 4 locomotives are built and are undergoing "testing", with further examples being converted from [[Indian locomotive class WDG-4|WDG-4]] to WAG-11.

== History ==
{{More citations needed|section|date=August 2024}}
The history of WAG-11 begins in the early 2017 with the stated aim of the [[Indian Railways]] to minimize the dependence on [[diesel locomotive]]s in Indian Railways after recommendation of Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs ([[Appointments Committee of the Cabinet|CCEA]]).<ref>{{cite web |title=Govt approves 100% electrification of railways by 2021-22 |url=https://www.livemint.com/Companies/jD73mHWleU8hnPlvc0WHeI/Govt-approves-100-electrification-of-railways-by-202122.html |last=Nanda |first=Jyotika Sood, Prashant K. |date=2018-09-12 |website=Livemint |language=en |access-date=2020-05-04 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Conversion Order |url=https://dlw.indianrailways.gov.in/works/uploads/File/EOI%20for%20coversion.pdf }}{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> The committee recommended that Expansion of electrified routes across the country will also help in reducing energy cost.<ref>{{cite web |title=Mission Electrification To Cover 24,000 Km Track In 5 Years |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/mission-electrification-to-cover-24-000-km-track-in-5-years-1621173 |website=NDTV.com |access-date=2020-05-04 }}</ref> Therefore, a large number of [[Indian locomotive class WDG-4|WDG-4]] diesel locomotives would become surplus after full electrification.<ref>{{cite web |title=Modi govt wants 100% rail electrification but doesn't know what to do with diesel engines |url=https://theprint.in/india/modi-govt-wants-100-rail-electrification-but-doesnt-know-what-to-do-with-diesel-engines/349339/|last=Srinand Jha|date=2020-01-15 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US |access-date=2020-05-15 }}</ref> Thus Indian Railways decided to convert existing WDG-4 locomotives which needed midlife overhaul into the WAG-11 electric locomotive class.

The same old GT46MAC (WDG-4) traction motors are being used for WAG-11. The locomotives had [[Gate turn-off thyristor|GTO]] propulsion, a few parts can not be leveraged for the rebuilt to [[Insulated-gate bipolar transistor|IGBT]] technology. However, since the power supply now comes from the WAG9 transformer / control, [[Adtranz|ABB]] has been updating its WAG9 control software for the EMD 3 phase traction motors for best results.<ref>{{cite web |title=WAG-11 traction |url=https://rdso.indianrailways.gov.in/works/uploads/File/MTR%20PCDO%20JUN%202018.pdf }}</ref> As a result, the diesel power pack of the locomotive will be decommissioned and used as spare parts for interim use since there are still 150+ more GTO WDG-4 in use.

The first WAG-11 unit was allocated TKD for trials and performance monitoring.<ref>{{Cite web |title=डीरेका ने बनाया सबसे शक्तिशाली रेल इंजन, जांच के लिए भेजा गया तुगलकाबाद शेड |url=https://www.amarujala.com/uttar-pradesh/varanasi/diesel-rail-karkhana-made-the-most-powerful-rail-engine |website=Amar Ujala |access-date=2020-05-15}}</ref> They are fitted with high rise pantographs and have [[Regenerative brake|regenerative braking]].<ref>{{citation |title=Wag 11 on short Run II Railway Tube II| date=August 17, 2019 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u4o_gIFu3P0 |language=en |access-date=2020-05-15 }}</ref> After initial testing another unit was built and these 2 locomotives were transferred to Bondamuda (BNDM) for examining working conditions hauling heavy load goods trains.<ref>{{cite web |title=Electric Locomotive Allocation and Transfer Updates |url=https://www.railpost.in/electric-locomotive-allocation-updates/ |date=2020-03-13 |website=RailPost.in - Indian Railways News & Analysis |language=en-US |access-date=2020-05-15 }}</ref> The third prototype pair came out of DLW shop but this pair is different from the previous two pairs because both of the locos have twin cabs and twin pantographs and are separately numbered: 29003 and 29004. It looks like they can be separately operated like any regular [[Indian locomotive class WAG-9|WAG-9]]. Also the height and construct of these two locos are extremely similar to WAG-9s.

=== Difference ===
There are quite a few differences between the two earlier prototypes of WAG-11 and 29003/29004. They are in the following lines:<ref>{{cite web |title=Tender WAG-11 |url=https://dlw.indianrailways.gov.in/works/uploads/File/EOI%20for%20coversion.pdf }}{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

* Instead of an articulated design, DLW made both locos as twin cab locos (they may be able to independently operated after decoupling)
* Two pantographs each on both the locos - making is 4 pantographs for 29003 unit
* The loco shell is placed at the same height as a WAP-7/WAG-9 and is carefully covering the chassis. In earlier versions, the EMD chassis / under-frame was used and was visible. 29003/29004 almost looks like they are made on WAG-9 chassis / under-frame and EMD bogies/traction motors have been used.
* The cow-catcher is new and of typical WAP-7/WAG-9 net design. The solid EMD cowcatcher has been discontinued.
* On top of the cabs, either a dynamic brake radiator or rooftop AC has been installed.
[[File:WAG-11.jpg|thumb|A WAG-11 with the Serial Number of 29003]]

== Units ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+
Locomotives in class
!No
!Current class
!locomotive number
!Previous class and Road no
!Previous shed
!Status
|-
|1
|WAG-11
|29001 (pair)
|WDG-4 (12011 & 12018)
|Hubli (UBL)
|Currently undergoing trials{{As of?|date=August 2024}}
|-
|2
|WAG-11
|29002 (pair)
|WDG-4 (12014 & 12017)
|Hubli (UBL)
|Currently undergoing trials{{As of?|date=August 2024}}
|-
|3
|WAG-11
|29003 (single)
|WDG-4 (12012)
|Hubli (UBL)
|Currently undergoing trials{{As of?|date=August 2024}}
|-
|4
|WAG-11
|29004 (single)
|WDG-4 (12013)
|Hubli (UBL)
|Currently undergoing trials{{As of?|date=August 2024}}
|}

{| class="wikitable"
|+Comparison of three versions of WAG-11<ref>{{cite web |title=BLW Annual Report 2019-20 |url=https://blw.indianrailways.gov.in/uploads/files/Annual%20Report%202019-20.pdf }}</ref>
!S.N.
!Version 1 (29001)
!Version 2 (29002)
!Version 3 (29003/29004)
|-
|1
|Transformer mounted on board.
|Transfer under slung mounted.
|Transfer under slung mounted.
|-
|2
|Transformer common to WAP-7/WAG-9.
|New design transformer used.
|Transformer common to WAG-9.
|-
|3
|New equipment layout in which both power converters were on left side of loco. One before transformer other behind it.
|Equipment layout similar to WAG-9. Both power converters centrally placed above the transformer.
|Equipment layout similar to WAG-9.
|-
|4
|Under slung battery box of WAG-9/WAP-7 used.
|Battery placed on board.
|Under slung battery box of WAG-9/WAP-7 used.
|-
|5
|One end cab used.
|One end cab used.
|Both end cab with HVAC as in WAG-9.
|-
|6
|Side wall modified from WAP-7 side wall and length increased by approx 3 metres.
|Side wall modified from WAP-7 side wall and length increased by approx 3 metres.
|Side wall and both cabs same as in WAG-9.
|-
|7
|Roofs made in 5 parts due to location of power converter and MMD height.
|Roof made in 4 parts only as both the traction converters are placed centrally.
|Roof in 3 parts same as in WAP-7/WAG-9.
|-
|8
|Underframe made by modifying WGD-4 underframe.
|Underframe made by modifying WGD-4 underframe.
|Underframe made by modifying WAP-7 underframe.
|-
| colspan="4" |Advantages of WAG-11 (version 3) over WAG-11 with modified under-slung transformer:
* No need to modify WDG-4 underframe, particularly partially cutting center sill, I-beam, and bottom plate.
* Exactly similar layout of WAG-9 used.
* Transformer common to WAG-9.
* Can also work as a single unit.
* Cost reduction due to use of complete shell similar to WAG-9 (with some changes for ensuring interfacing with WDG-4 MTA).
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|+Technical Data<ref>{{cite web |title=BLW Achievement 2019-20 |url=https://blw.indianrailways.gov.in/uploads/Achievements%20of%20BLW%2019-20(1).pdf }}</ref>
|1
|Type of Service
|Freight
|-
|2
|Axle Arrangement
|Twin Co-Co
|-
|3
|Horse power
|2x6000 HP
|-
|4
|Tractive effort (Stall, Continuous)
|2x540 KN (Stall), 2x400 KN (Continuous)
|-
|5
|Speed Potential
|95 kmph (As per final speed certificate)
|-
|6
|Gear Ratio
|17:90
|-
|7
|Length over buffer
|2x21244 mm
|-
|8
|Overall width
|3180 mm
|-
|9
|Max. height with pantograph locked
|4255 mm
|-
|10
|Total weight
|2x126 T
|-
|11
|Traction Motor
|2x6 nos, 3-phase induction motor
|-
|12
|Power of TM (KW)
|703 (Continuous), 758 (one hour rating)
|-
|13
|Braking
|Regenerative, Pneumatic
|-
|14
|Braking effort
|2x270 KN
|-
|15
|Power supply to aux 1, 2, 3 converter
|415 V +/- 10%, 0 to 50 Hz
|-
|16
|Battery voltage
|110 V
|-
|17
|Power supply to TM
|2180 V
|-
|18
|No of power converters
|2
|}

=== For Conversion ===
[[Ministry of Railways (India)|Railway Board]] sent a circular to identify 16 WDG-4 locos that would be converted to WAG-11 during the financial year 2020–2021.<ref>{{cite web |title=4595911-0: List of SWR WDG4 loco nominated for Conv - Railway Enquiry |url=https://indiarailinfo.com/blog/post/4595911 |last=Chowdhury |first=Soumik |website=indiarailinfo.com |access-date=2020-05-15 }}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
!No
!locomotives class
!Previous shed
!locomotive number
!Status
!ref
|-
|1.
|WDG-4
|Hubli (UBL)
|12002
|to be converted in 2020-2021 by [[Northern Railway zone|NR]]
|<ref>{{cite web |title=[IRFCA] Indian Railways Locomotive Roster Hubli (UBL) WDG-4 12002 Show |url=https://www.irfca.org/apps/locos/1001 |website=www.irfca.org |access-date=2020-05-28 }}</ref>
|-
|2.
|WDG-4
|Hubli (UBL)
|12003
|conversion scheduled for March 2020
|<ref>{{cite web |title=[IRFCA] Indian Railways Locomotive Roster Hubli (UBL) WDG-4 12003 Show |url=https://www.irfca.org/apps/locos/1002 |website=www.irfca.org |access-date=2020-05-28 }}</ref>
|-
|3.
|WDG-4
|Hubli (UBL)
|12004
|conversion scheduled for March 2020
|<ref>{{cite web |title=[IRFCA] Indian Railways Locomotive Roster Hubli (UBL) WDG-4 12004 Show |url=https://www.irfca.org/apps/locos/1003 |website=www.irfca.org |access-date=2020-05-28 }}</ref>
|-
|4.
|WDG-4
|Hubli (UBL)
|12005
|to be converted in 2020-2021 by NR
|<ref>{{cite web |title=[IRFCA] Indian Railways Locomotive Roster Hubli (UBL) WDG-4 12005 Show |url=https://www.irfca.org/apps/locos/1004 |website=www.irfca.org |access-date=2020-05-28 }}</ref>
|-
|5.
|WDG-4
|Hubli (UBL)
|12006
|to be converted in 2020-2021 by NR
|<ref>{{cite web |title=[IRFCA] Indian Railways Locomotive Roster Hubli (UBL) WDG-4 12006 Show |url=https://www.irfca.org/apps/locos/1005 |website=www.irfca.org |access-date=2020-05-28 }}</ref>
|-
|6.
|WDG-4
|Hubli (UBL)
|12007
|converted to WAG-11 #29002
|<ref>{{cite web |title=[IRFCA] Indian Railways Locomotive Roster Hubli (UBL) WDG-4 12007 Show |url=https://www.irfca.org/apps/locos/1006 |website=www.irfca.org |access-date=2020-05-28 }}</ref>
|-
|7.
|WDG-4
|Hubli (UBL)
|12008
|conversion scheduled for March 2020
|<ref>{{cite web |title=[IRFCA] Indian Railways Locomotive Roster Hubli (UBL) WDG-4 12008 Show |url=https://www.irfca.org/apps/locos/1007 |website=www.irfca.org |access-date=2020-05-28 }}</ref>
|-
|8.
|WDG-4
|Hubli (UBL)
|12009
|conversion scheduled for March 2020
|<ref>{{cite web |title=[IRFCA] Indian Railways Locomotive Roster Hubli (UBL) WDG-4 12009 Show |url=https://www.irfca.org/apps/locos/1008 |website=www.irfca.org |access-date=2020-05-28 }}</ref>
|-
|9.
|WDG-4
|Hubli (UBL)
|12010
|scheduled for March 2020
|<ref>{{cite web |title=[IRFCA] Indian Railways Locomotive Roster Hubli (UBL) WDG-4 12010 Show |url=https://www.irfca.org/apps/locos/1009 |website=www.irfca.org |access-date=2020-05-28 }}</ref>
|-
|10.
|WDG-4
|Hubli (UBL)
|12011
|converted to '<nowiki/>''WAG-11''' #29001
|<ref>{{cite web |title=[IRFCA] Indian Railways Locomotive Roster Hubli (UBL) WDG-4 12011 Show |url=https://www.irfca.org/apps/locos/1010 |website=www.irfca.org |access-date=2020-05-28 }}</ref>
|-
|11.
|WDG-4
|Hubli (UBL)
|12012
|converted to '<nowiki/>''WAG-11''' #29003
|<ref>{{cite web |title=[IRFCA] Indian Railways Locomotive Roster Hubli (UBL) WDG-4 12012 Show |url=https://www.irfca.org/apps/locos/1011 |website=www.irfca.org |access-date=2020-05-28 }}</ref>
|-
|12.
|WDG-4
|Hubli (UBL)
|12013
|converted to '<nowiki/>''WAG-11''' #29004
|<ref>{{cite web |title=[IRFCA] Indian Railways Locomotive Roster Hubli (UBL) WDG-4 12013 Show |url=https://www.irfca.org/apps/locos/1012 |website=www.irfca.org |access-date=2020-05-28 }}</ref>
|-
|13.
|WDG-4
|Hubli (UBL)
|12014
|converted to '<nowiki/>''WAG-11''' #29002
|<ref>{{cite web |title=[IRFCA] Indian Railways Locomotive Roster Hubli (UBL) WDG-4 12014 Show |url=https://www.irfca.org/apps/locos/1013 |website=www.irfca.org |access-date=2020-05-28 }}</ref>
|-
|14.
|WDG-4
|Hubli (UBL)
|12015
|to be converted in 2020-2021 by [[Southern Railway zone|SR]]
|<ref>{{cite web |title=[IRFCA] Indian Railways Locomotive Roster Hubli (UBL) WDG-4 12015 Show |url=https://www.irfca.org/apps/locos/1014 |website=www.irfca.org |access-date=2020-05-28 }}</ref>
|-
|15.
|WDG-4
|Krishnarajapuram (KJM)
|12016
|to be converted in 2020-2021 by SR
|<ref>{{cite web |title=[IRFCA] Indian Railways Locomotive Roster Krishnarajapuram (KJM) WDG-4 12016 Show |url=https://www.irfca.org/apps/locos/1015 |website=www.irfca.org |access-date=2020-05-28 }}</ref>
|-
|16.
|WDG-4
|Hubli (UBL)
|12017
|converted to '<nowiki/>''WAG-11''' #29002
|<ref>{{cite web |title=[IRFCA] Indian Railways Locomotive Roster Hubli (UBL) WDG-4 12017 Show |url=https://www.irfca.org/apps/locos/1016 |website=www.irfca.org |access-date=2020-05-28 }}</ref>
|-
|17.
|WDG-4
|Hubli (UBL)
|12018
|converted to '<nowiki/>''WAG-11''' #29001
|<ref>{{cite web |title=[IRFCA] Indian Railways Locomotive Roster Hubli (UBL) WDG-4 12018 Show |url=https://www.irfca.org/apps/locos/1017 |website=www.irfca.org |access-date=2020-05-28 }}</ref>
|-
|18.
|WDG-4
|Hubli (UBL)
|12019
|to be converted in 2020-2021 by SR
|<ref>{{cite web |title=[IRFCA] Indian Railways Locomotive Roster Hubli (UBL) WDG-4 12019 Show |url=https://www.irfca.org/apps/locos/1018 |website=www.irfca.org |access-date=2020-05-28 }}</ref>
|-
|19.
|WDG-4
|Hubli (UBL)
|12020
|to be converted in 2020-2021 by SR
|<ref>{{cite web |title=[IRFCA] Indian Railways Locomotive Roster Hubli (UBL) WDG-4 12020 Show |url=https://www.irfca.org/apps/locos/1019 |website=www.irfca.org |access-date=2020-05-28 }}</ref>
|-
|20.
|WDG-4
|Krishnarajapuram (KJM)
|12021
|to be converted in 2020-2021 by SR
|<ref>{{cite web |title=[IRFCA] Indian Railways Locomotive Roster Krishnarajapuram (KJM) WDG-4 12021 Show |url=https://www.irfca.org/apps/locos/1020 |website=www.irfca.org |access-date=2020-05-28 }}</ref>
|-
|21.
|WDG-4
|Hubli (UBL)
|12022
|to be converted in 2020-2021 by [[South Eastern Railway zone|SER]]
|<ref>{{cite web |title=[IRFCA] Indian Railways Locomotive Roster Hubli (UBL) WDG-4 12022 Show |url=https://www.irfca.org/apps/locos/1021 |website=www.irfca.org |access-date=2020-05-28 }}</ref>
|-
|22.
|WDG-4
|Hubli (UBL)
|12023
|to be converted in 2020-2021 by SER
|<ref>{{cite web |title=[IRFCA] Indian Railways Locomotive Roster Hubli (UBL) WDG-4 12023 Show |url=https://www.irfca.org/apps/locos/1022 |website=www.irfca.org |access-date=2020-05-28 }}</ref>
|-
|23.
|WDG-4
|Hubli (UBL)
|12024
|to be converted in 2020-2021 by SER
|<ref>{{cite web |title=[IRFCA] Indian Railways Locomotive Roster Hubli (UBL) WDG-4 12024 Show |url=https://www.irfca.org/apps/locos/1023 |website=www.irfca.org |access-date=2020-05-28 }}</ref>
|-
|24.
|WDG-4
|Krishnarajapuram (KJM)
|12025
|to be converted in 2020-2021 by SR
|<ref>{{cite web |title=[IRFCA] Indian Railways Locomotive Roster Krishnarajapuram (KJM) WDG-4 12025 Show |url=https://www.irfca.org/apps/locos/1024 |website=www.irfca.org |access-date=2020-05-28 }}</ref>
|-
|25.
|WDG-4
|Krishnarajapuram (KJM)
|12026
|to be converted in 2020-2021 by [[South Eastern Railway zone|SCR]]
|<ref>{{cite web |title=[IRFCA] Indian Railways Locomotive Roster Krishnarajapuram (KJM) WDG-4 12026 Show |url=https://www.irfca.org/apps/locos/1025 |website=www.irfca.org |access-date=2020-05-28 }}</ref>
|-
|26.
|WDG-4
|Krishnarajapuram (KJM)
|12027
|to be converted in 2020-2021 by SCR
|<ref>{{cite web |title=[IRFCA] Indian Railways Locomotive Roster Krishnarajapuram (KJM) WDG-4 12027 Show |url=https://www.irfca.org/apps/locos/1026 |website=www.irfca.org |access-date=2020-05-28 }}</ref>
|-
|27.
|WDG-4
|Krishnarajapuram (KJM)
|12028
|to be converted in 2020-2021 by SCR
|<ref>{{cite web |title=[IRFCA] Indian Railways Locomotive Roster Krishnarajapuram (KJM) WDG-4 12028 Show |url=https://www.irfca.org/apps/locos/1027 |website=www.irfca.org |access-date=2020-05-28 }}</ref>
|-
|28.
|WDG-4
|Krishnarajapuram (KJM)
|12029
|to be converted in 2020-2021 by SCR
|<ref>{{cite web |title=[IRFCA] Indian Railways Locomotive Roster Krishnarajapuram (KJM) WDG-4 12029 Show |url=https://www.irfca.org/apps/locos/1028 |website=www.irfca.org |access-date=2020-05-28 }}</ref>
|-
|29.
|WDG-4
|Krishnarajapuram (KJM)
|12030
|to be converted in 2020-2021 by SER
|<ref>{{cite web |title=[IRFCA] Indian Railways Locomotive Roster Krishnarajapuram (KJM) WDG-4 12030 Show |url=https://www.irfca.org/apps/locos/1029 |website=www.irfca.org |access-date=2020-05-28 }}</ref>
|}

== Locomotive shed ==
{| class="wikitable"
! Zone !! Name !! Shed code !! Quantity
|-
|[[South Eastern Railway zone|SER]] || [[Bondamunda railway station|Bondamunda]] || BNDM || 4
|-
| colspan="3" |'''Total Locomotives Active as of May 2025''' || 4
|}

==See also==

* {{section link|Rail transport in India|History}}
* [[Locomotives of India]]
* [[Rail transport in India]]
* [[Indian locomotive class WDG-4]]

==References==
{{commons category|Indian locomotive class WAG-11}}

===Notes===
{{reflist}}

===Bibliography===
{{refbegin}}
*{{Hughes-IndianLocos4}}
{{refend}}

{{Broad gauge locomotives of India|state=open}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:WAG-11}}
[[Category:Electric locomotives of India]]
[[Category:25 kV AC locomotives]]
[[Category:Banaras Locomotive Works locomotives]]
[[Category:Co-Co locomotives]]
[[Category:Railway locomotives introduced in 2019]]
[[Category:5 ft 6 in gauge locomotives]]
[[Category:Freight locomotives]]

E. V. Velu

2026-03-22T09:50:01Z

EveMagill33: adjust lead further and cleaned formatting

{{Short description|Indian senior politician (born 1951)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2022}}
{{use Indian English|date=May 2017}}
{{Indian name|Vajjaravelu|Ethirajulu}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = E.V. Velu
| image =
| office = [[Tamil Nadu Council of Ministers|Cabinet Minister]] [[Government of Tamil Nadu]]
| minister = Minister of [[Tamil Nadu Public Works Department|Public Works]]
| termstart = 7 May 2021
| termend =
| governor = [[Banwarilal Purohit]]
| 1blankname = Chief minister
| 1namedata = [[M. K. Stalin]]
| predecessor = [[Edappadi K. Palaniswami]]
| minister1 = Minister for Food and Civil Supplies
| termstart1 = 13 May 2006
| termend1 = 15 May 2011
| 1blankname1 = Chief minister
| 1namedata1 = [[M. Karunanidhi]]
| office2 = [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Member]] of the [[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly]]
| termstart2 = 13 May 2011
| termend2 =
| predecessor2 = [[K. Pitchandi]]
| constituency2 = [[Tiruvannamalai Assembly constituency|Tiruvannamalai]]
| termstart3 = 13 May 2001
| termend3 = 13 May 2011
| constituency3 = [[Thandarambattu Assembly constituency|Thandarambattu]]
| predecessor3 = [[K. Manivarma]]
| successor3 = ''Constituency Abolished''
| termstart4 = 1984
| termend4 = 1989
| constituency4 = [[Thandarambattu Assembly constituency|Thandarambattu]]
| predecessor4 = [[D. Venugopal]]
| successor4 = D. Ponnumudi
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1951|3|15|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Koovanur, Kallakurichi|Koovanur]], [[Manalurpet]], [[Kallakurichi]], [[Madras State]], (now [[Tamil Nadu]]), India
| birth_name = Ethirajulu Vajjaravelu
| party = [[File:Flag DMK.svg|20px]] [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] (from 1997)
| otherparty = [[File:AIADMK OfficialFlag Vector.svg|20px]] [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] (1972–1997)
| footnotes =
| alma_mater = [[Annamalai University]] (MA, History)
| spouse = Sankari Velu (Known as Jeeva Velu)
| children = 1.Dr.E.V.V.Kamban (State Vice President of DMK Medical Wing) 
2.Er.E.V.V.Kumaran
| parents = Ethirajulu (Father) Saraswati Ammal (Mother)
| relatives = Manogaran (Brother)
| occupation = Politician, Founder of Saraswathy Ammal Educational Trust
}}
'''Ethirajulu Vajjaravelu''' or '''E. V. Velu''' (born 15 March 1951) is an Indian senior politician who has been serving as the Minister of Public Works, Highways and Minor Ports in the [[M. K. Stalin ministry]] of the state of [[Tamil Nadu]] since 2021. He formerly served as the Minister for Food and Civil Supplies in the state under [[M. Karunanidhi]] (2006–2011).

Velu has been elected to the [[Tamil Nadu legislative assembly]] as [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] (AIADMK) party candidate from [[Thandarambattu (State Assembly Constituency)|Thandarambattu constituency]], in [[1984 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1984]]. In 1997, he joined DMK (at a time when the [[MGR Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] split from the AIADMK to ally with the [[BJP]]) and got elected from the same constituency in [[2001 Tamil Nadu state assembly election|2001]]<ref>{{cite web |publisher=Election Commission of India |page=6 |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2001/Stat_Rep_TN_2001.pdf |title=Statistical Report on General Election 2001 for the Legislative Assembly of Tamil Nadu |accessdate=17 May 2017}}</ref> and [[2006 Tamil Nadu state assembly election|2006]].<ref>{{cite web |publisher=Election Commission of India |page=6 |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2006/StatReport_TN_2006.pdf |title=Statistical Report on General Election 2006 for the Legislative Assembly of Tamil Nadu |accessdate=17 May 2017}}</ref> He was subsequently elected twice from [[Tiruvannamalai (State Assembly Constituency)|Tiruvannamalai constituency]] as a [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] candidate in [[2011 Tamil Nadu state assembly election|2011]]<ref>{{cite web |publisher=Election Commission of India |page=10 |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2011/stat_TN_May2011.pdf |title=Statistical Report on General Election 2011 for the Legislative Assembly of Tamil Nadu |accessdate=17 May 2017}}</ref> and [[2016 Tamil Nadu state assembly election|2016]] and [[2021 Tamil Nadu state assembly election|2021]].<ref>{{cite web |publisher=Election Commission of India |page=2 |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/archiveofge2016/01-List%20of%20sucessful%20Candidatestamil.pdf |title=List of successful candidates |accessdate=17 May 2017}}</ref>

== Background ==
Velu was born in [[Koovanur, Kallakurichi|Koovanur]] near [[Manalurpet]] in [[Kallakurichi district]] in a [[Telugu people|Telugu]] [[Gavara|Gavara Balija]] family on 15 March 1951.<ref>
*{{cite web |url=http://www.assembly.tn.gov.in/disp_ind.asp?prof_id=87 |title=E. V. Velu profile at TN government website |publisher=Legislative Assembly of Tamil Nadu |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070823104040/http://www.assembly.tn.gov.in/disp_ind.asp?prof_id=87 |archivedate=23 August 2007}}
*{{cite web|editor1-last=இரா.தினேஷ்குமார்|title=மெக்கானிக் முதல் 'மாண்புமிகு' வரை... - எ.வ.வேலு 'வல்லமை' வரலாறு! |publisher= இந்து தமிழ் திசை|date= November 10, 2023 |quote=கள்ளக்குறிச்சி மாவட்டம் திருக்கோவிலூர் (முந்தைய விழுப்புரம் மாவட்டம்) அடுத்த மணலூர்பேட்டை அருகே கூவனூர் கிராமத்தில் விவசாயி எத்திராஜ் - சரஸ்வதி தம்பதிக்கு கடந்த 15-03-1951-ல் மகனாக பிறந்தவர் வஜ்ஜிரவேலு. |url=https://www.hindutamil.in/news/tamilnadu/1151528-mechanic-to-honourable-minister-inspiring-journey-of-e-v-velu.html }}
*{{Cite AV media |script-title=ta:தமிழ்நாடு கவரா நாயுடு நல சங்கத்தினர் செய்தியாளர் சந்திப்பு|url=https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=EDU0TeI5viA}}
*{{Cite web |url=https://www.dinamalar.com/dinam-dinam/tea-kadai-bench/news/2760405 |title=களைகட்டும் தேர்தல் பந்தயம்! |website=தினமலர் நாளிதழ் (மே 01, 2021)}}
</ref> His parents Ethirajulu and Saraswati Ammal were farmers. He holds a master's degree in history from [[Annamalai University]]. Velu started out as a pump repairman but later joined a bus company named as Dhamodharan Bus Services in the Tiruvannamalai district as a [[bus conductor]]. An admirer of [[M. G. Ramachandran]], he became an AIADMK member on its inception, becoming its deputy organizer for [[Thandarambattu (State Assembly Constituency)|Thandarambattu]].<ref name="Youtube">[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YD7P9oMUELc Minister EV Velu | சினிமா ஆசை கண்டக்டர் Jayalalithaa -வை தவிக்க வைத்த கதை! | DMK | Mr Minister]. ''YouTube''.</ref><ref name="சமயம்">[https://tamil.samayam.com/latest-news/state-news/all-you-need-to-know-about-minister-ev-velu-from-bus-conductor-to-aiadmk-to-dmk/articleshow/104932527.cms?story=4 All you need to know about minister EV Velu: From bus conductor to AIADMK to DMK]. ''[[Samayam]]''.</ref><ref name="தினமணி">[https://www.dinamani.com/all-editions/edition-chennai/tiruvannamalai/2016/apr/14/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95-%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D-%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D...-1313361.html திமுக வேட்பாளர் சுயவிவரம்]. ''[[Dinamani]]''. 14 April 2016.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://dinamalar.com/detail.php?id=2760405 |title=களைகட்டும் தேர்தல் பந்தயம்! |website=Dinamalar|date=1 May 2021}}{{dead link|date=April 2024|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref>

He was involved in film distribution along with politics and acted in a couple of films like ''[[Thilakam]]''.<ref name="Youtube"/>

== Controversies ==

=== "India" comment ===
After the DMK joined the [[Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance|I.N.D.I.A]] political alliance, Velu gave a speech regarding the word "[[India (word)|India]]", and was questioned about the impact the word had on the people of Tamil Nadu.

Translation of speech:<ref name="TOI">[https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/tn-minister-velu-says-modi-misquoted-his-speech/articleshow/102655357.cms TN minister Velu says Modi misquoted his speech]. ''[[Times of India]]''.</ref><ref>[https://theprint.in/india/expunge-modi-iranis-remarks-on-tn-minister-velu-dmk-urges-lok-sabha-speaker/1711151/ Expunge Modi, Irani's remarks on TN minister Velu: DMK urges Lok Sabha speaker]. ''[[The Print (India)|The Print]]''.</ref>
{{blockquote|“What is the state today? The word India never had any impact on us. When has India had an impact on us? I’m making an open statement. There wasn’t any such impact on us. I'm talking about some time ago. Where did we have an impact? There was no impact. India is someplace in [[North India]]. We belong to Tamil Nadu. If possible, we have to create a [[Dravida Nadu]]. Our thought process was going in that direction.”}}

Velu later said the [[BJP]] had misquoted his statements, after the party raised objections against the speech in the [[Lok Sabha]]. He clarified that he was only talking about how some people in the state had perceived the word in the past, "I was explaining what the situation was earlier and what the situation is now. I mentioned that once upon we did not have impactful feelings towards “India” - but that was once upon a time," he said. Further adding that the current DMK [[Dravidian parties|Dravidian ideology]] has the responsibility to protect India and [[M. K. Stalin]] plays a crucial role in it.<ref name="TOI"/>

== Elections Contested and results ==
{|class="sortable wikitable"
|-
!width=150|Elections
!width=100|Constituency
!width=70|Party
!width=70|Result
|- style="background:#cfc;"
|bgcolor=98FB98|1984||[[Thandarambattu (State Assembly Constituency)|Thandarambattu]] ||[[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|ADMK]]||Won
|- style="background:#cfc;"
|bgcolor=98FB98|2001||[[Thandarambattu (State Assembly Constituency)|Thandarambattu]] || [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|DMK]]||Won
|- style="background:#cfc;"
|bgcolor=98FB98|2006||[[Thandarambattu (State Assembly Constituency)|Thandarambattu]] || [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|DMK]]||Won
|- style="background:#cfc;"
|bgcolor=98FB98|2011||[[Tiruvannamalai (state assembly constituency)|Tiruvannamalai]] ||[[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|DMK]]||Won
|- style="background:#cfc;"
|bgcolor=98FB98|2016||[[Tiruvannamalai (state assembly constituency)|Tiruvannamalai]] ||[[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|DMK]]||Won
|-style="background:#cfc;"
|bgcolor=98FB98|[[2021 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2021]]||[[Tiruvannamalai (state assembly constituency)|Tiruvannamalai]] ||[[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|DMK]]||Won
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Government of Tamil Nadu}}
{{Council of Ministers of Tamil Nadu}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Velu, EV}}
[[Category:Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam politicians]]
[[Category:State cabinet ministers of Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1951 births]]
[[Category:Tamil Nadu MLAs 2001–2006]]
[[Category:Tamil Nadu MLAs 2006–2011]]
[[Category:Tamil Nadu MLAs 2011–2016]]
[[Category:Tamil Nadu MLAs 2016–2021]]
[[Category:All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam politicians]]
[[Category:Tamil Nadu MLAs 2021–2026]]
[[Category:Telugu politicians]]
[[Category:Annamalai University alumni]]
[[Category:Tamil people of Telugu descent]]

Udayraj Hindu Intercollege

2026-03-18T02:34:02Z

EveMagill33: Created redirect page

#REDIRECT [[Kashipur, Uttarakhand#Education]]

{{Rcat shell|
{{R to related topic}}
}}

Baldev Singh

2026-03-14T17:02:56Z

EveMagill33:

{{Short description|Indian entrepreneur and politician (1901-1961)}}
{{other people}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2015}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific_prefix = Sardar
| name = Baldev Singh
| image = (From left) Kanhaiyalal M. Munshi, Sardar Baldev Singh and Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar on the Greeneries of Indian Parliament..jpg
| caption = Baldev Singh (C) with [[B. R. Ambedkar|Babasaheb Ambedkar]] (R) and [[K. M. Munshi]] (L) on the Greeneries of Indian Parliament in 1949
| office = 1st [[Minister of Defence (India)|Minister of Defence]]
| prime_minister = [[Jawaharlal Nehru]]
| term_start = 15 August 1947
| term_end = 13 May 1952
| predecessor = Position established
| successor = [[N. Gopalaswami Ayyangar]]
| office1 = [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha]]
| term_start1 = 1957
| term_end1 = 19
| predecessor1 = [[Diwan Chand Sharma]]
| successor1 = Amar Nath
| constituency1 = [[Hoshiarpur Lok Sabha constituency|Hoshiarpur, Punjab]]
| office2 =
| term_start2 = 1952
| term_end2 = 1957
| predecessor2 = Position established
| successor2 = Constituency abolished
| constituency2 = [[Nawan Shahr Lok Sabha constituency|Nawan Shahr, Punjab]]

| office3 = [[Constituent Assembly of India|Member of the Constituent Assembly]]
| term_start3 = 1946
| term_end3 = 1950
| predecessor3 =
| successor3 =
| constituency3 = [[East Punjab]]

| office4 = Minister for Development, Government of Punjab
| term_start4 = 1942
| term_end4 = 1946
| predecessor4 =
| successor4 =
| constituency4 =

| office5 = Member of the [[Punjab Provincial Assembly (British India)|Punjab Provincial Assembly]]
| term_start5 = 1936
| term_end5 = 1946
| predecessor5 =
| successor5 =
| constituency5 =

| birth_date = {{birth date|1902|7|11|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Rupar]], [[Punjab Province (British India)|Punjab]], [[British Raj]] (now [[India]])
| death_date = {{death date and age|1961|6|29|1902|7|11|df=y}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Sardar Baldev Singh, 58, Dies; First Defense Minister of India |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1961/06/30/archives/sardar-baldev-singh-58-dies-first-defense-minister-of-india.html |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=1961-06-30}}</ref>
| death_place = [[Delhi, India]]
| party = [[Indian National Congress]] [[Shiromani Akali Dal]] [[Akali Dal]]
| spouse =
| alma_mater = [[Khalsa College, Amritsar|Khalsa College]]
}}

'''Baldev Singh''' ({{langx|pa|ਬਲਦੇਵ ਸਿੰਘ}},{{langx|hi|बलदेव सिंह}}) (11 July 1902 – 29 June 1961) was an Indian [[Sikh]] political leader, he was an [[Indian independence movement]] leader and the first [[Defence Minister of India]]. Moreover, he represented the Punjabi Sikh community in the processes of negotiations that resulted in the independence of [[India]], as well as the [[Partition of India]] in 1947.

After independence, Baldev Singh was chosen to become the first [[Minister of Defence]], and served in this post during the [[First Kashmir War]] between [[India]] and [[Pakistan]]. He was addressed often with the title of ''Sardar'', which in [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]] and [[Hindi]] means ''leader'' or ''chief''.

==Early life and political career==
Baldev Singh was born on 11 July 1902 in the village of Dumna in a [[Jat people|Jat]] family in the [[Rupar]] district of [[Punjab, India|Punjab]]. His father was Sir Indra Singh, a reputed industrialist, and his mother was Nihal Kaur Singh (of village Manpur). He was educated initially at Kainaur and subsequently at the [[Khalsa College, Amritsar|Khalsa College]] in [[Amritsar]], and began working in his father's firm in the [[steel industry]]. He rose to the position of director of the firm. He was married to Hardev Kaur of village Jallanpur in Punjab. They had two sons, Sarjit Singh and Gurdip Singh.

Baldev Singh won an election to the Punjab provincial assembly under the [[Government of India Act 1935]] in 1937, as a candidate of the [[Panthic Party]]. He became closely linked with Master [[Tara Singh Malhotra|Tara Singh]] and the [[Shiromani Akali Dal]].

==Cripps Mission and World War II==
{{See also|Sir Stafford Cripps|History of India|Indian Independence Movement}}
When the Cripps Mission arrived in India in 1942 to offer Indians some form of self-government, Baldev Singh was chosen to represent the Sikh community in the talks, which also included the chief Indian political party, the [[Indian National Congress]] and [[All-India Muslim League|Muslim League]] party. The Mission failed to make any progress.

While the Congress Party launched the [[Quit India Movement]], Baldev Singh and other Sikh leaders did not support it. Singh negotiated an agreement with [[Sir Sikandar Hyat Khan]], the leader of the [[Unionist Muslim League|Unionist Party]] to form a government in Punjab, and became the provincial Development Minister for a brief time in the summer of 1942.

==Cabinet Mission and government==
Baldev Singh was chosen again to represent the Sikh viewpoint to the Cabinet Mission Plan that had arrived to discuss proposals for Indian political independence. Singh reiterated the Sikh view that India should remain a united country with special protections for the rights of religious minorities. Singh also insisted that should partition become inevitable, the division of the Punjab should happen in a way to offer territorial protection to the Sikhs from [[Muslim]] domination.

Although Baldev Singh and other Sikhs initially opposed the implementation of the Mission's 16 May scheme, on the grounds that it did not offer any protection to the Sikh community, Baldev Singh joined the new Viceroy's Executive Council, to be headed by Congress leaders [[Jawaharlal Nehru]] and [[Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel|Vallabhai Patel]] as the Sikh member. Singh became the Defence Member, a post erstwhile held by the British Commander in Chief of the [[Indian Army]]. However, by early 1947, it was clear that the interim government would not work, owing to the conflict between the Congress Party and the Muslim League.

==Partition of India==
{{See also|Partition of India}}
Although Baldev Singh and other Sikhs initially opposed the implementation of the Mission's 16 May scheme, in the grounds that it did not offer any protection to the Sikh community, Baldev Singh joined the new Viceroy's Executive Council, to be headed by Congress leaders Jawaharlal Nehru and Vallabhbhai Patel as the Sikh member. Singh became the Defence minister.

==As defence minister==
{{See also|Indo-Pakistani War of 1947}}
[[File:1948 CR Baldev Singh Chiefs of Staff.JPG|thumb|Baldev Singh with [[C. Rajagopalachari]] and Chiefs of Staff]]
On 15 August 1947, India became an independent nation and Baldev Singh became India's first [[Minister of Defence]], under the first [[Prime Minister of India]], [[Jawaharlal Nehru]]. Singh was also a member of the [[Constituent Assembly of India]].

Along with [[Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel|Vallabhbhai Patel]], the [[Home Minister]], Singh became responsible for leading the [[Indian Army]]'s efforts to provide security, relief and refuge to over 10 million Hindus and Sikhs who were leaving the newly created [[Pakistan]]. Terrible violence broke loose on both sides of the frontier along the [[Punjab, India|Punjab]] and [[Bengal]], and to date it is estimated that over 1 million people were killed, with millions more suffering from usual acts of cruelty and great physical and personal trauma from the migration.

The Army was caught unprepared, and itself was torn apart by the conflict. Thousands of Muslim officers were leaving for Pakistan. Riots had broken out in [[Calcutta]], [[Delhi]] and [[Bombay]]. Patel and Singh led from the front, and despite a heavy toll, the Army finally re-asserted peace and rule of law all over India and the borders of Punjab and Bengal. They organized massive relief and aid operation for the millions of people arriving in India.

Defence Minister Singh also led the preparations and planning [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1947|for the war]] in [[Jammu and Kashmir (princely state)|Jammu and Kashmir]], which had broken out with Pakistani tribesmen and some military officers had made an incursion into the state with the aim of annexing it into Pakistan. Over almost two years, the Indian Army would wage battle with the militants and the Pakistan Army at the highest altitudes in the world. The Army succeeded in pushing back the raiders and captured most of the contested territory. On 28 November 1948, General [[Roy Bucher]] had advised Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru to agree to a ceasefire because "overall military decision was no longer possible".<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/mar/08/kashmir-letters-cast-doubt-claims-nehru-blundered-agreeing-ceasefire?|title=Kashmir letters cast doubt on claims Nehru blundered by agreeing ceasefire|newspaper=The Guardian|date=8 March 2023|access-date=10 March 2023}}</ref> Bucher in his interview with [[Bal Ram Nanda|B.R. Nanda]] had said that Baldev Singh finally informed him on 31 December to agree with the ceasefire.<ref name="Paul 2019 p472">{{cite web | last=Paul | first=Bikash C. | title=Cobrapost Exclusive: Nehru wanted to attack Pakistan in 1947 after it invaded Kashmir | website=Cobrapost | date=2019-12-14 | url=https://www.cobrapost.com/blog/nehru-wanted-to-attack-pakistan-in-1947/1531}}</ref>

In September 1948, Baldev Singh and his commanders prepared plans for [[Operation Polo]], an operation that annexed the princely state of [[Hyderabad state|Hyderabad]] into the Indian Union. Singh remained a close advisor on managing the Kashmir conflict and the issues of [[political integration of India]].

After the [[1951–52 Indian general election|1952 elections of India]], Singh was succeeded
by [[N. Gopalaswami Ayyangar]] as defence minister.<ref name="Kavic 2021 p. 147">{{cite book | last=Kavic | first=L.J. | title=India's Quest for Security: Defence Policies 1947-1965 | publisher=University of California Press | year=2021 | isbn=978-0-520-37041-8 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0pbpDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA147 | page=147}}</ref>

==Later life==
In 1952, Baldev Singh was elected to the [[Parliament of India]] as a member of the [[Indian National Congress]], in the first democratic elections under the new [[Constitution of India]]. However, he did not join the Nehru administration. Singh remained the major political representative of the [[Sikh]] concerns and was respected by the [[Akali Dal]]. He was re-elected to the Parliament in 1957.

Singh died in [[Delhi]] after a prolonged illness in 1961.

== Family ==
Singh had two sons, Sarjit Singh (1927–1993 AD) and Gurdip Singh. Sarjit Singh was the Co-operatives minister in the government of [[Parkash Singh Badal]]. He was married to Raj Mohinder Kaur and is survived by his son TejBal Singh and his daughter Jaspreet Kaur. Gurdip Singh was married to Baljit Kaur and had 4 children. Baldev Singh had 7 great grandchildren. His nephew [[Ravi Inder Singh (industrialist)|Ravi Inder Singh]] was the Speaker of the Punjab Vidhan Sabha.

==See also==
* [[History of the Punjab]]
* [[Indian independence movement]]
* [[Partition of India]]
* [[Shiromani Akali Dal]]
* [[Tara Singh Malhotra]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{Commons category-inline}}
*https://web.archive.org/web/20051102003148/http://www.sikh-history.com/sikhhist/personalities/sewadars/baldev.html

{{First Indian Cabinet}}
{{Defence Ministers of India}}
{{Sikh politics}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Singh, Baldev}}
[[Category:1902 births]]
[[Category:1961 deaths]]
[[Category:First Nehru ministry]]
[[Category:Punjabi Sikhs]]
[[Category:Shiromani Akali Dal politicians]]
[[Category:People from British India]]
[[Category:People from Rupnagar]]
[[Category:India MPs 1952–1957]]
[[Category:Members of the Constituent Assembly of India]]
[[Category:India MPs 1957–1962]]
[[Category:Panthic Party politicians]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Punjab, India]]
[[Category:Ministers of defence of India]]
[[Category:Members of the Cabinet of India]]
[[Category:Lok Sabha members from Punjab, India]]
[[Category:People from Hoshiarpur district]]
[[Category:Members of the Council of the Governor General of India]]

First Battle of El Alamein

2026-03-12T01:23:27Z

EveMagill33: cleanup

{{Short description|Battle of World War II}}
{{Use British English|date=March 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2024}}
{{Infobox military conflict
| conflict = First Battle of El Alamein
| partof = the [[Western Desert campaign]] of [[World War II]]
| image = 1stAlameinBritDefense.jpg
| image_size = 300
| caption = British infantry manning a sandbagged defensive position near El Alamein, 17 July 1942
| date = 1–27 July 1942
| place = [[El Alamein]], British-occupied Egypt
| coordinates = {{Coord|30|50|29|N|28|56|34|E|region:EG|display=inline,title}}
| result = [[First Battle of El Alamein#Aftermath|Stalemate]]
| combatant1 = {{flagcountry|Kingdom of Italy}} {{flagicon|Nazi Germany}} [[Nazi Germany|Germany]]
| combatant2 = {{Flag|United Kingdom}}
* {{flagicon|British Raj}} [[British Raj|India]]
{{flagcountry|Dominion of New Zealand}} {{Flag|Australia}} {{flagicon|Union of South Africa}} [[Union of South Africa|South Africa]]
| commander1 = {{nowrap|{{flagicon|Kingdom of Italy}} [[Ettore Bastico]] {{flagicon|Nazi Germany}} [[Erwin Rommel]] {{flagicon|Nazi Germany}} [[Walther Nehring]] {{flagicon|Kingdom of Italy}} [[Giuseppe De Stefanis]] {{flagicon|Kingdom of Italy}} [[Enea Navarini]] {{flagicon|Kingdom of Italy}} [[Benvenuto Gioda]]}}
| commander2 = {{nowrap|{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Claude Auchinleck]] {{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[William Ramsden (British Army officer)|William Ramsden]] {{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[William Gott]] {{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[William Holmes (British Army officer)|William Holmes]]}}
| strength1 = 96,000 troops (56,000 Italian, 40,000 German) 70 tanks initially (585 tanks later){{efn|Reported strength on 30 June (55 German and 15 Italian tanks). An unknown number of tanks were also in repair workshops behind the front.}}<ref>{{harvnb|Barr|2005|p=39}}.</ref> ~500 planes
| strength2 = 150,000 troops 179 tanks initially (1,114 tanks later){{efn|Strength at the frontline on 1 July. In addition 902 tanks were in repair workshops behind the front, of which 34 were serviceable and many unrepairable. }}<ref>{{harvnb|Barr|2005|p=40}}</ref> 1,000+ artillery pieces 1,500+ planes
| casualties1 = 10,000 killed or wounded<ref>{{harvnb|Watson|2007|p=6}}.</ref> 7,000 prisoners<ref>{{harvnb|Barr|2005|p=184}}.</ref><ref name="CM589">{{harvnb|Mackenzie|1951|p=589}}.</ref>
| casualties2 = 13,250 killed or wounded<ref name="CM589"/>
| campaignbox = {{Campaignbox Western Desert}}
}}
The '''First Battle of El Alamein''' (1–27 July 1942) was a battle of the [[Western Desert campaign]] of [[World War II]], fought in [[Egypt]] between [[Axis powers|Axis]] (German and Italian) forces of the [[Panzer Army Africa]]—which included the {{lang|de|[[Afrika Korps]]}} under [[Generalfeldmarschall|Field Marshal]] [[Erwin Rommel]]—and [[Allies of World War II|Allied]] ([[British Empire]] and [[Commonwealth of Nations|Commonwealth]]) forces of the [[Eighth Army (United Kingdom)|Eighth Army]] under [[General (United Kingdom)|General]] [[Claude Auchinleck]].

In this battle the British halted a second advance by the Axis forces into Egypt. Axis positions near [[El Alamein]], only {{convert|106|km|mi|abbr=on|sp=us}} from [[Alexandria]], were dangerously close to the ports and cities of Egypt, the base facilities of the Commonwealth forces and the [[Suez Canal]]. However, the Axis forces were too far from their base at [[Tripoli, Libya|Tripoli]] in Libya to remain at El Alamein indefinitely, which led both sides to accumulate supplies for more offensives, against the constraints of time and distance.

==Background==
===Retreat from Gazala===
[[File:Advance of the Panzerjager-Abteilung 39-AC1942.jpg|left|thumb|[[Afrika Korps]] tank hunters with an [[Sd.Kfz. 232#Sd.Kfz. 232 2|Sd.Kfz. 232]] armoured car in front.]]

After their defeat at the [[Battle of Gazala]] in Eastern [[Libya]] in June 1942, the [[Eighth Army (United Kingdom)|British Eighth Army]], commanded by [[Lieutenant-general (United Kingdom)|Lieutenant-General]] [[Neil Ritchie]], had retreated east from the Gazala line into north-western [[Egypt]] as far as [[Mersa Matruh]], roughly {{convert|160|km|mi|abbr=on}} inside the border. Ritchie had decided not to hold the defences on the [[Egypt–Libya border|Egyptian border]], because the defensive plan there was for infantry to hold defended localities and a strong armoured force behind them to meet any attempts to penetrate or outflank the fixed defences. Since General Ritchie had virtually no armoured units left fit to fight, the infantry positions would be defeated in detail. The Mersa defence plan also included an armoured reserve but in its absence Ritchie believed he could organise his infantry to cover the minefields between the defended localities to prevent [[Axis powers|Axis]] engineers from having undisturbed access.<ref>{{harvnb|Playfair|Flynn|Molony|Gleave|2004|p=279}}.</ref>

To defend the Matruh line, Ritchie placed [[10th Indian Infantry Division]] (in Matruh itself) and [[50th (Northumbrian) Infantry Division]] (some {{convert|24|km|mi|abbr=on}} down the coast at Gerawla) under [[X Corps (United Kingdom)|X Corps]] HQ, newly arrived from Syria.<ref>{{harvnb|Playfair|Flynn|Molony|Gleave|2004|pp=281''n'' and 283}}.</ref> Inland from X Corps would be [[XIII Corps (United Kingdom)|XIII Corps]] with [[5th Infantry Division (India)|5th Indian Infantry Division]] (with only one infantry brigade, [[29th Indian Infantry Brigade|29th Indian]], and two artillery regiments) around Sidi Hamza about {{convert|32|km|mi|abbr=on}} inland, and the newly arrived [[2nd New Zealand Division]] (short one brigade, the [[6th Infantry Brigade (New Zealand)|6th]], which had been left out of combat in case the division was captured and it would be needed to serve as the nucleus of a new division) at Minqar Qaim (on the escarpment {{convert|48|km|mi|abbr=on}} inland) and [[1st Armoured Division (United Kingdom)|1st Armoured Division]] in the open desert to the south.<ref>{{harvnb|Playfair|Flynn|Molony|Gleave|2004|pp=284–285}}.</ref> The 1st Armoured Division had taken over [[4th Infantry Brigade and Headquarters North East|4th]] and [[22nd Armoured Brigade (United Kingdom)|22nd Armoured Brigades]] from [[7th Armoured Division (United Kingdom)|7th Armoured Division]] which by this time had only three tank regiments (battalions) between them.<ref>{{harvnb|Playfair|Flynn|Molony|Gleave|2004|p=281}}.</ref>

[[File:WesternDesertBattle Area1941 en.svg|thumb|Area of Western Desert Campaign 1941–1942.]]
On 25 June, [[General (United Kingdom)|General]] [[Claude Auchinleck]]—Commander-in-Chief (C-in-C) [[Middle East Command]]—relieved Ritchie and assumed direct command of the Eighth Army himself.<ref>{{harvnb|Playfair|Flynn|Molony|Gleave|2004|p=285}}.</ref> He decided not to seek a decisive confrontation at the Mersa Matruh position. He concluded that his inferiority in armour after the Gazala defeat, meant he would be unable to prevent Rommel either breaking through his centre or enveloping his open left flank to the south in the same way he had at Gazala.{{efn|GHQ Cairo estimated that the Axis could have as many as 519 serviceable tanks on 30 June although 339 was a more probable figure. In fact the actual number on 26 June was 104 compared with 155 tanks in Eighth Army<ref>{{harvnb|Hinsley|1981|p=390}}.</ref>|group="nb"}} He decided instead to employ delaying tactics while withdrawing a further {{convert|160|km|mi|abbr=on}} or more east to a more defensible position near [[El Alamein]] on the [[Mediterranean]] coast. Only {{convert|64|km|mi|abbr=on}} to the south of El Alamein, the steep slopes of the [[Qattara Depression#WWII|Qattara Depression]] ruled out the possibility of Axis armour moving around the southern flank of his defences and limited the width of the front he had to defend.

===Battle of Mersa Matruh===
{{Main|Battle of Mersa Matruh}}

[[File:Italian anti-aircraft battery at Marsa Matrouh in the summer of 1942.jpg|thumb|left|{{centre|Italian anti-aircraft battery at Mersa Matrouh in June of 1942}}]]
While preparing the Alamein positions, Auchinleck fought strong delaying actions, first at Mersa Matruh on 26–27 June and then Fuka on 28 June. The late change of orders resulted in some confusion in the forward formations (X Corps and XIII Corps) between the desire to inflict damage on the enemy and the intention not to get trapped in the Matruh position but retreat in good order. The result was poor co-ordination between the two forward Corps and units within them. Late on 26 June, the German [[90th Light Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)|90th Light]] and [[21st Panzer Division (Wehrmacht)|21st Panzer Divisions]] managed to find their way through the minefields in the centre of the front. Early on 27 June, resuming its advance, the 90th Light was checked by British 50th Division's artillery. Meanwhile, the 15th and 21st Panzer Divisions advanced east above and below the escarpment. The 15th Panzer Division were blocked by 4th Armoured and [[18th Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom)|7th Motor Brigades]], but the 21st Panzer Division were ordered on to attack Minqar Qaim. Rommel ordered 90th Light to resume its advance, requiring it to cut the coast road behind 50th Division by the evening.<ref>{{harvnb|Playfair|Flynn|Molony|Gleave|2004|p=290}}.</ref> As the 21st Panzer Division moved on Minqar Qaim, the 2nd New Zealand Division found itself surrounded but broke out on the night of 27/28 June without serious losses and withdrew east.<ref name="NZ88">{{Cite web |url=https://nzetc.victoria.ac.nz/tm/scholarly/tei-WH2Egyp-c10.html#n81 |title=Scoullar (1955), Chapters 10, 11 and 12 |access-date=2 November 2007 |archive-date=2 December 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081202195257/http://www.nzetc.org/tm/scholarly/tei-WH2Egyp-c10.html#n81 |url-status=live }}</ref>

[[File:Bundesarchiv Bild 101I-786-0327-19, Nordafrika, Erwin Rommel mit Offizieren.jpg|thumb|[[Erwin Rommel|Rommel]] in North Africa (June 1942).]]
Auchinleck had planned a second delaying position at [[Fukah|Fuka]], some {{cvt|30|mi|km}} east of Matruh, and at 21:20 he issued the orders for a withdrawal to Fuka. Confusion in communication led the division withdrawing immediately to the El Alamein position.<ref>{{harvnb|Playfair|Flynn|Molony|Gleave|2004|pp=292–293}}.</ref> X Corps, having made an unsuccessful attempt to secure a position on the escarpment, were out of touch with Eighth Army from 19:30 until 04:30 the next morning. Only then did they discover that the withdrawal order had been given. The withdrawal of XIII Corps had left the southern flank of X Corps on the coast at Matruh exposed and their line of retreat compromised by the cutting of the coastal road {{cvt|17|mi|km}} east of Matruh. They were ordered to break out southwards into the desert and then make their way east. Auchinleck ordered XIII Corps to provide support but they were in no position to do so. At 21:00 on 28 June, X Corps—organised into brigade groups—headed south. In the darkness, there was considerable confusion as they came across enemy units laagered for the night. In the process, 5th Indian Division in particular sustained heavy casualties, including the destruction of the 29th Indian Infantry Brigade at Fuka.<ref>{{harvnb|Playfair|Flynn|Molony|Gleave|2004|pp=294–295}}.</ref> Axis forces captured more than 6,000 [[Prisoner of war|prisoners]], in addition to 40 tanks and an enormous quantity of supplies.<ref>Panzer Army Africa Battle Report dated 29 June 1942 K.T.B. 812 [http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a4/Battle_report_of_Panzerarmeeafrika_for_28_June_1942.jpg page 1] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081030043341/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a4/Battle_report_of_Panzerarmeeafrika_for_28_June_1942.jpg |date=30 October 2008 }} and [http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Battle_report_of_Panzerarmeeafrika_for_29_June_1942.jpg page 2] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090325125623/http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Battle_report_of_Panzerarmeeafrika_for_29_June_1942.jpg |date=25 March 2009 }}</ref>

==Prologue==

===Defences at El Alamein===
[[File:Alamein1st1942 07.svg|thumb|The Western Desert Battle Area, July 1942.]]
Alamein itself was an inconsequential railway station on the coast. Some {{cvt|10|mi|km}} to the south lay the [[Ruweisat Ridge]], a low stony prominence that gave excellent observation for many miles over the surrounding desert; {{cvt|20|mi|km}} to the south was the Qattara Depression. The line the British chose to defend stretched between the sea and the Depression, which meant that Rommel could outflank it only by taking a significant detour to the south and crossing the [[Sahara Desert]]. The British Army in Egypt recognised this before the war and had the Eighth Army begin construction of several "boxes" (localities with dug-outs and surrounded by minefields and barbed wire) the most developed being around the railway station at Alamein.<ref>{{harvnb|Latimer|2002|p=58}}.</ref> Most of the "line" was open, empty desert.<ref name="Playfair332">{{harvnb|Playfair|Flynn|Molony|Gleave|2004|p=332}}.</ref> Lieutenant-General [[Willoughby Norrie, 1st Baron Norrie|William Norrie]] ([[General officer commanding]] [GOC] [[XXX Corps (United Kingdom)|XXX Corps]]) organised the position and started to construct three defended "boxes". The first and strongest, at El Alamein on the coast, had been partly wired and mined by [[1st Infantry Division (South Africa)|1st South African Division]]. The Bab el Qattara box—some {{cvt|20|mi|km}} from the coast and {{cvt|8|mi|km}} south-west of the Ruweisat Ridge—had been dug but had not been wired or mined, while at the Naq Abu Dweis box (on the edge of the Qattara Depression), {{cvt|34|mi|km}} from the coast, very little work had been done.<ref name= "Playfair332"/>

The British position in Egypt was desperate, the rout from Mersa Matruh had created a panic in the British headquarters at Cairo, something later called "the Flap". On what came to be referred to as "Ash Wednesday", at British headquarters, rear echelon units and the British Embassy, papers were hurriedly burned in anticipation of the fall of the city. Auchinleck—although believing he could stop [[Erwin Rommel|Rommel]] at Alamein—felt he could not ignore the possibility that he might once more be outmanoeuvred or outfought. To maintain his army, plans must be made for the possibility of a further retreat whilst maintaining morale and retaining the support and co-operation of the Egyptians. Defensive positions were constructed west of Alexandria and on the approaches to Cairo while considerable areas in the Nile delta were flooded.<ref>{{harvnb|Playfair|Flynn|Molony|Gleave|2004|pp=333–334}}.</ref> The Axis, too, believed that the capture of Egypt was imminent; Italian leader [[Benito Mussolini]]—sensing a historic moment—flew to Libya to prepare for his triumphal entry into Cairo.<ref>{{harvnb|Barr|2005|p=69}}.</ref>
[[Image:2-8 Field Regt.jpg|left|thumb|[[Ordnance QF 25-pounder|25 pdr]] guns of the 2/8th Field Regiment, [[Royal Australian Artillery]] at El Alamein, 12 July 1942.]]

The scattering of X Corps at Mersa Matruh disrupted Auchinleck's plan for occupying the Alamein defences. On 29 June, he ordered XXX Corps—the 1st South African, 5th and 10th Indian divisions—to take the coastal sector on the right of the front and XIII Corps—the 2nd New Zealand Division and 4th Indian divisions—to be on the left. The remains of the 1st Armoured Division and the 7th Armoured Division were to be held as a mobile army reserve.<ref>{{harvnb|Playfair|Flynn|Molony|Gleave|2004|p=295}}.</ref> His intention was for the fixed defensive positions to channel and disorganise the enemy's advance while mobile units would attack their flanks and rear.<ref>{{harvnb|Playfair|Flynn|Molony|Gleave|2004|pp=332–333}}.</ref>

On 30 June, Rommel's [[Panzer Army Africa|''Panzerarmee Afrika'']] approached the Alamein position. The Axis forces were exhausted and understrength. Rommel had driven them forward ruthlessly, being confident that, provided he struck quickly before Eighth Army had time to settle, his momentum would take him through the Alamein position and he could then advance to the Nile with little further opposition. Supplies remained a problem because the Axis staff had originally expected a pause of six weeks after the capture of Tobruk. German air units were also exhausted and providing little help against the [[Royal Air Force|RAF]]'s all-out attack on the Axis supply lines which, with the arrival of [[United States Army Air Forces]] (USAAF) heavy bombers, could reach as far as Benghazi.<ref>{{harvnb|Hinsley|1981|p=392}}.</ref> Although captured supplies proved useful, water and ammunition were constantly in short supply, while a shortage of transport impeded the distribution of the supplies that the Axis forces did have.<ref>{{harvnb|Playfair|Flynn|Molony|Gleave|2004|p=331}}.</ref>

===Axis plan of attack===
[[File:Immagine bastico historia.jpg|thumb|upright|Marshal [[Ettore Bastico]], Supreme Commander of Axis Forces in North Africa and Rommel's superior.|alt=|234x234px]]
Rommel's plan was for the 90th Light Division and the 15th and 21st ''Panzer'' divisions of the ''[[Afrika Korps]]'' to penetrate the Eighth Army lines between the Alamein box and Deir el Abyad (which he believed was defended). The 90th Light Division was then to veer north to cut the coastal road and trap the defenders of the Alamein box (which Rommel thought was occupied by the remains of the 50th Infantry Division) and the ''Afrika Korps'' would veer right to attack the rear of XIII Corps.

==Battle==
An Italian division was to attack the Alamein box from the west and another was to follow the 90th Light Division. The Italian XX Corps was to follow the ''Afrika Korps'' and deal with the Qattara box while the [[133rd Armored Division "Littorio"|133rd Armoured Division "Littorio"]] and German reconnaissance units would protect the right flank.<ref name= "Playfair3498">{{harvnb|Playfair|Flynn|Molony|Gleave|2004|p=340}}.</ref> Rommel had planned to attack on 30 June but supply and transport difficulties had resulted in a day's delay, vital to the defending forces reorganising on the Alamein line. On 30 June, the 90th Light Division was still {{cvt|15|mi|km}} short of its start line, 21st ''Panzer'' Division was immobilised through lack of fuel and the promised air support had yet to move into its advanced airfields.<ref>{{harvnb|Hinsley|1981|pp=392–393}}.</ref>

===Panzer Army Africa attacks===

[[Image:Bundesarchiv Bild 101I-783-0110-12, Nordafrika, Panzer II, Kraftfahrzeuge.jpg|thumb|A [[Panzer II]] of the ''Afrika Korps''.]]
At 03:00 on 1 July, 90th Light Infantry Division advanced east but strayed too far north and ran into the 1st South African Division's defences and became pinned down.<ref name="Playfair3498"/><ref>{{harvnb|Barr|2005|p=81}}.</ref> The 15th and 21st Panzer Divisions of the ''Afrika Korps'' were delayed by a sandstorm and then a heavy air attack. It was broad daylight by the time they circled round the back of Deir el Abyad where they found the feature to the east of it occupied by [[18th Indian Infantry Brigade]] which, after a hasty journey from Iraq, had occupied the exposed position just west of Ruweisat Ridge and east of Deir el Abyad at Deir el Shein late on 28 June to create one of Norrie's additional defensive boxes.<ref>{{harvnb|Mackenzie|1951|p=580}}.</ref>

At about 10:00 on 1 July, 21st Panzer Division attacked Deir el Shein. 18th Indian Infantry Brigade—supported by 23 [[Ordnance QF 25 pounder|25-pounder]] gun-howitzers, 16 of the new [[Ordnance QF 6 pounder gun|6-pounder]] anti-tank guns and nine [[Matilda II|Matilda tanks]]—held out the whole day in desperate fighting but by evening the Germans succeeded in over-running them.<ref>{{harvnb|Playfair|Flynn|Molony|Gleave|2004|pp=340–341}}.</ref> The time they bought allowed Auchinleck to organise the defence of the western end of Ruweisat Ridge.<ref name= "Mac581-2">{{harvnb|Mackenzie|1951|pp=581–582}}.</ref> The 1st Armoured Division had been sent to intervene at Deir el Shein. They ran into 15th Panzer Division just south of Deir el Shein and drove it west. By the end of the day's fighting, the ''Afrika Korps'' had 37 tanks left out of its initial complement of 55.<ref name="Playfair341">{{harvnb|Playfair|Flynn|Molony|Gleave|2004|p=341}}.</ref>

During the early afternoon, 90th Light had extricated itself from the El Alamein box defences and resumed its move eastward. It came under artillery fire from the three South African brigade groups and was forced to dig in.<ref name="Playfair341"/>

On 2 July, Rommel ordered the resumption of the offensive. Once again, 90th Light failed to make progress so Rommel called the ''Afrika Korps'' to abandon its planned sweep southward and instead join the effort to break through to the coast road by attacking east toward Ruweisat Ridge. The British defence of Ruweisat Ridge relied on an improvised formation called "Robcol", comprising a regiment each of field artillery and light anti-aircraft artillery and a company of infantry. Robcol—in line with normal British Army practice for ''ad hoc'' formations—was named after its commander, Brigadier Robert Waller, the Commander Royal Artillery of the 10th Indian Infantry Division.<ref name="Mac582">{{harvnb|Mackenzie|1951|p=582}}.</ref> Robcol was able to buy time, and by late afternoon the two British armoured brigades joined the battle with 4th Armoured Brigade engaging the 15th Panzer Division, and 22nd Armoured Brigade the 21st Panzer Division respectively.<ref>{{harvnb|Playfair|Flynn|Molony|Gleave|2004|pp=342–343}}.</ref> They drove back repeated attacks by the Axis armour, who then withdrew before dusk. The British reinforced Ruweisat on the night of 2 July. The now enlarged Robcol became "Walgroup".<ref name="Mac582"/> Meanwhile, the Royal Air Force (RAF) made heavy air attacks on the Axis units.<ref>{{harvnb|Barr|2005|p=88}}.</ref>

The next day, 3 July, Rommel ordered the ''Afrika Korps'' to resume its attack on the Ruweisat ridge with the [[Italian XX Motorised Corps]] on its southern flank. [[Italian X Corps]], meanwhile were to hold El Mreir. By this stage the ''Afrika Korps'' had only 26 operational tanks.<ref name="Playfair343">{{harvnb|Playfair|Flynn|Molony|Gleave|2004|p=343}}.</ref> There was a sharp armoured exchange south of Ruweisat ridge during the morning and the main Axis advance was held.<ref name="Playfair343"/> On 3 July, the RAF flew 780 sorties.{{efn|During the period 1 to 27 June the Desert Air Force flew nearly 15,400 sorties.<ref>{{harvnb|Playfair|Flynn|Molony|Gleave|2004|p=335}}.</ref> Auchinleck later wrote in his official despatches "...Our air forces could not have done more than they did to help and sustain the Eighth Army in its struggle. Their effort was continuous by day and night, and the effect on the enemy was tremendous. I am certain that, had it not been for their devoted and exceptional efforts, we should not have been able to stop the enemy on the El Alamein position."<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=38177 |date=13 January 1948 |page=367|supp=y}}</ref>}}

To relieve the pressure on the right and centre of the Eighth Army line, XIII Corps on the left advanced from the Qattara box (known to the New Zealanders as the Kaponga box). The plan was that the New Zealand 2nd Division—with the remains of Indian 5th Division and 7th Motor Brigade under its command—would swing north to threaten the Axis flank and rear.<ref name="Mac582"/> This force encountered the [[132nd Armored Division "Ariete"|132nd Armoured Division "Ariete"]]'s artillery, which was driving on the southern flank of the division as it attacked Ruweisat. The Italian commander ordered his battalions to fight their way out independently but the ''Ariete'' lost 531 men (about 350 were prisoners), 36 pieces of artillery, six (or eight?) tanks, and 55 trucks.<ref name="Mitcham113">{{harvnb|Mitcham|2007|p=113}}</ref> By the end of the day, the ''Ariete'' Division had only five tanks.<ref>Walker.I, (2003), p.141</ref> The day ended once again with the ''Afrika Korps'' and ''Ariete'' coming off second best to the superior numbers of the British 22nd Armoured and 4th Armoured Brigades,{{efn|The two British armoured brigades started on 3 July with a total strength of 119 tanks<ref name= "Playfair343"/>}} frustrating Rommel's attempts to resume his advance.<ref>{{harvnb|Barr|2005|p=92}}.</ref> The RAF once again played its part, flying 900 sorties during the day.<ref name= "Playfair343"/>

To the south, on 5 July the New Zealand group resumed its advance northwards towards El Mreir intending to cut the rear of the ''Ariete'' Division. Heavy fire from the Italian [[27th Infantry Division "Brescia"]] at El Mreir, however, {{cvt|5|mi|km}} north of the Qattara box, checked their progress and led XIII Corps to call off its attack.<ref name="Mitcham113"/>

===Rommel digs in===
[[File:Rommel with his aides.jpg|thumb|upright|left|Field Marshal Erwin Rommel, with his aides during the desert campaign, 1942.]]

At this point, Rommel decided his exhausted forces could make no further headway without resting and regrouping. He reported to the [[Oberkommando der Wehrmacht|German High Command]] that his three German divisions numbered just 1,200–1,500 men each and resupply was proving highly problematic because of enemy interference from the air. He expected to have to remain on the defensive for at least two weeks.<ref>{{harvnb|Playfair|Flynn|Molony|Gleave|2004|p=344}}.</ref>

Rommel was by this time suffering from the extended length of his supply lines. The Allied [[Desert Air Force]] (DAF) was concentrating fiercely on his fragile and elongated supply routes while British mobile columns moving west and striking from the south were causing havoc in the Axis rear echelons.<ref>{{harvnb|Clifford|1943|p=285}}.</ref> Rommel could afford these losses even less since shipments from Italy had been substantially reduced (in June, he received {{cvt|5000|ST|t}} of supplies compared with {{cvt|34000|ST|t}} in May and 400 vehicles (compared with 2,000 in May).<ref name="NZ79">{{Cite web |url=https://nzetc.victoria.ac.nz/tm/scholarly/tei-WH2Egyp-c9.html#n79 |title=Scoullar (1955), p. 79 |access-date=2 November 2007 |archive-date=16 October 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081016044919/http://www.nzetc.org/tm/scholarly/tei-WH2Egyp-c9.html#n79 |url-status=live }}</ref> Meanwhile, the Eighth Army was reorganising and rebuilding, benefiting from its short lines of communication. By 4 July, the [[9th Division (Australia)|Australian 9th Division]] had entered the line in the north, and on 9 July the [[5th Indian Infantry Brigade|Indian 5th Infantry Brigade]] also returned, taking over the Ruweisat position. At the same time, the fresh [[161st Indian Infantry Brigade|Indian 161st Infantry Brigade]] reinforced the depleted Indian 5th Infantry Division.<ref>{{harvnb|Mackenzie|1951|p=583}}.</ref>

===Tel el Eisa===
On 8 July, Auchinleck ordered the new XXX Corps commander—Lieutenant-General [[William Havelock Ramsden|William Ramsden]]—to capture the low ridges at Tel el Eisa and Tel el Makh Khad and then to push mobile battle groups south toward Deir el Shein and raiding parties west toward the airfields at El Daba. Meanwhile, XIII Corps would prevent the Axis from moving troops north to reinforce the coastal sector.<ref>{{harvnb|Playfair|Flynn|Molony|Gleave|2004|p=345}}.</ref> Ramsden tasked the Australian 9th Division with [[44th Royal Tank Regiment]] under command with the Tel el Eisa objective and the South African 1st Division with eight supporting tanks, Tel el Makh Khad. The raiding parties were to be provided by 1st Armoured Division.<ref name="Playfair346">{{harvnb|Playfair|Flynn|Molony|Gleave|2004|p=346}}.</ref>

Following a bombardment which started at 03:30 on 10 July, the Australian 26th Brigade launched an attack against the ridge north of Tel el Eisa station along the coast (Trig 33). The bombardment was the heaviest barrage yet experienced in North Africa, which created panic in the inexperienced soldiers of the Italian [[60th Infantry Division "Sabratha"]] who had only just occupied inadequate defences in the sector.<ref>{{harvnb|Johnston|Stanley|2002|p=58}}.</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Caccia Dominioni de Sillavengo|1966|pp=70–71}}.</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Bates|1992|pp=139–141}}.</ref><ref>Scoullar (1955), [https://nzetc.victoria.ac.nz/tm/scholarly/tei-WH2Egyp-c19.html#n205 p. 205] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081016120242/http://www.nzetc.org/tm/scholarly/tei-WH2Egyp-c19.html#n205 |date=16 October 2008 }}</ref> The Australian attack took more than 1,500 prisoners, routed an Italian Division and overran the German Signals Intercept Company 621.<ref>{{harvnb|Stewart|2002|p=125}}.</ref> Meanwhile, the South Africans had by late morning taken Tel el Makh Khad and were in covering positions.<ref name="Playfair346"/>

Elements of the German 164th Light Division and Italian [[101st Motorized Division "Trieste"|101st Motorised Division "Trieste"]] arrived to plug the gap torn in the Axis defences.<ref name="Playfair346"/><ref>{{harvnb|Johnston|Stanley|2002|p=65}}.</ref><ref>Scoullar (1955), [https://nzetc.victoria.ac.nz/tm/scholarly/tei-WH2Egyp-c21.html#n220 p. 220] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081202195019/http://www.nzetc.org/tm/scholarly/tei-WH2Egyp-c21.html#n220 |date=2 December 2008 }}</ref> That afternoon and evening, tanks from the German 15th Panzer and Italian ''Trieste'' Divisions launched counter-attacks against the Australian positions, the counter-attacks failing in the face of overwhelming Allied artillery and the Australian anti-tank guns.<ref>{{harvnb|Bates|1992|pp=141–142}}.</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Caccia Dominioni de Sillavengo|1966|p=74}}.</ref>

At first light on 11 July, the Australian [[2/24th Battalion (Australia)|2/24th Battalion]] supported by tanks from 44th Royal Tank Regiment attacked the western end of Tel el Eisa hill (Point 24).<ref name="Playfair346"/><ref>{{harvnb|Johnston|Stanley|2002|p=67}}.</ref> By early afternoon, the feature was captured and was then held against a series of Axis counter-attacks throughout the day. A small column of armour, motorised infantry, and guns then set off to raid Deir el Abyad and caused a battalion of Italian infantry to surrender. Its progress was checked at the Miteirya ridge and it was forced to withdraw that evening to the El Alamein box.<ref>{{harvnb|Playfair|Flynn|Molony|Gleave|2004|pp=346–347}}.</ref> During the day, more than 1,000 Italian prisoners were taken.<ref>{{harvnb|Johnston|Stanley|2002|p=68}}.</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Bates|1992|p=143}}.</ref><ref name="Barr114"/><ref>{{harvnb|Barr|2005|p=114}}.</ref>

On 12 July, the 21st Panzer Division launched a counter-attack against Trig 33 and Point 24, which was beaten off after a 2½-hour fight, with more than 600 German dead and wounded left strewn in front of the Australian positions.<ref name="Barr114">{{harvnb|Johnston|Stanley|2002|p=70}}.</ref> The next day, the 21st ''Panzerdivision'' launched an attack against Point 33 and South African positions in the El Alamein box.<ref>{{harvnb|Johnston|Stanley|2002|p=72}}.</ref> In the El Alamein Box, the Royal Durban Light Infantry (RDLI) faced the full force of the German attacks. The RDLI did not have adequate anti-tank guns and the German artillery cut the South African telephone cables, disrupting their field artillery support. The attack was halted by intense artillery fire from the defenders. Although the South Africans repulsed the German attack, by 16:10, German tanks and dive bombers had advanced up to 300 metres from the South African positions. The 9th Australian field artillery, 7th British Medium Regiment had to assist in repulsing the German attack. At last light, the 79th British Anti-Tank Regiment was deployed to assist the South African forces, but the German attack was petering out. The South African losses on 13 July totalled nine dead and 42 wounded.

South African casualties were relatively light due to their skill in withstanding the German attacks negated their casualties. Had the El Alamein Box been captured by Rommel's forces, the consequences for the Eighth Army would have been devastating; the El Alamein line would have been ruptured, and Australian forces would have been cut off from the Eighth Army and forced into a general retreat to the Nile Delta.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Jacobs |first=Colonel (Dr) C. J. |journal=Military History Journal |issue=2 |date=December 2004 |title=The Role of the 1st South African Division during the First Battle of El Alamein, 1–30 July 1942 |url=http://www.samilitaryhistory.org |publisher=The South African Military History Society |volume=13 |pages=1 |via=Database}}</ref> Rommel was still determined to drive the British forces from the northern salient. Although the Australian defenders had been forced back from Point 24, heavy casualties had been inflicted on 21st Panzer Division.<ref>{{harvnb|Johnston|Stanley|2002|pp=73–76}}.</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Bates|1992|p=145}}.</ref><ref>Maughan (1966), [http://www.awm.gov.au/cms_images/histories/19/chapters/12.pdf pp. 565–566] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208210804/https://www.awm.gov.au/cms_images/histories/19/chapters/12.pdf |date=8 December 2015 }}</ref> Another attack was mounted on 15 July but made no ground against tenacious resistance. On 16 July, the Australians—supported by British tanks—launched an attack to try to take Point 24 but were forced back by German counter-attacks,<ref>{{harvnb|Johnston|Stanley|2002|pp=78–80}}.</ref> suffering nearly fifty per cent casualties.<ref name="Johnston03p86">{{harvnb|Johnston|2003|p=86}}.</ref>

After seven days of fierce fighting, the battle in the north for the Tel el Eisa salient petered out. Australian 9th Division estimated at least 2,000 Axis troops had been killed and more than 3,700 prisoners of war taken in the battle.<ref>{{harvnb|Johnston|Stanley|2002|p=81}}.</ref> Possibly the most important feature of the battle, however, was that the Australians had captured Signals Intercept Company 621, which had been providing Rommel with priceless [[Signals intelligence|intelligence]] from British radio communications.<ref>{{harvnb|Johnston|Stanley|2002|p=66}}.</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Barr|2005|pp=112–114}}.</ref>

===First Battle of Ruweisat Ridge===
[[File:The British Army in North Africa 1942 E14235.jpg|thumb|A soldier inspects an Italian M13/40 tank that was knocked out near El Alamein, 11 July 1942]]
[[File:The British Army in North Africa 1942 E14520.jpg|thumb|A German 88mm anti-tank gun captured and destroyed by New Zealand troops near El Alamein, 17 July 1942.]]
As the Axis forces dug in, Auchinleck—having drawn a number of German units to the coastal sector during the Tel el Eisa fighting—developed a plan codenamed Operation Bacon to attack the Italian [[17th Infantry Division "Pavia"]] and ''Brescia'' Divisions in the centre of the front at the Ruweisat ridge.<ref>{{harvnb|Playfair|Flynn|Molony|Gleave|2004|p=347}}.</ref> Signals intelligence was giving Auchinleck clear details of the Axis order of battle and force dispositions. His policy was to "...hit the Italians wherever possible in view of their low morale and because the Germans cannot hold extended fronts without them."<ref>{{harvnb|Hinsley|1981|p=404}}.</ref>

The intention was for the 4th New Zealand Brigade and 5th New Zealand Brigade (on 4th Brigade's right) to attack north-west to seize the western part of the ridge and on their right the Indian 5th Infantry Brigade to capture the eastern part of the ridge in a night attack. Then, the 2nd Armoured Brigade would pass through the centre of the infantry objectives to exploit toward Deir el Shein and the Miteirya Ridge. On the left, the 22nd Armoured Brigade would be ready to move forward to protect the infantry as they consolidated on the ridge.<ref>{{harvnb|Playfair|Flynn|Molony|Gleave|2004|p=348}}.</ref>

The attack commenced at 23:00 on 14 July. Shortly before dawn on 15 July, the two New Zealand brigades took their objectives, but minefields and pockets of resistance left behind the forward troops' advance created disarray among the attackers, impeding the move forward of reserves, artillery, and support arms. As a result, the New Zealand brigades occupied exposed positions on the ridge without support weapons except for a few anti-tank guns.<ref name="Playfair349">{{harvnb|Playfair|Flynn|Molony|Gleave|2004|p=349}}.</ref> More significantly, the two British armoured brigades failed to move forward to protect the infantry. At first light, a detachment from the 15th Panzer Divisions, the 8th Panzer Regiment launched a counter-attack against New Zealand 4th Brigade's 22nd Battalion. A sharp exchange knocked out their anti-tank guns, and the infantry found themselves exposed in the open with no alternative but to surrender. Approximately 350 New Zealanders were taken prisoner.<ref name= "Playfair349"/>

While the 2nd New Zealand Division attacked the western slopes of [[Ruweisat Ridge]], the Indian 5th Brigade made small gains on Ruweisat ridge to the east. By 07:00, word finally reached the 2nd Armoured Brigade, which started to move north west. Two regiments became embroiled in a minefield, but the third was able to join Indian 5th Infantry Brigade as it renewed its attack. With the help of the armour and artillery, the Indians were able to take their objectives by early afternoon.<ref name="Playfair349"/> Meanwhile, the 22nd Armoured Brigade had been engaged at Alam Nayil by 90th Light Division and the ''Ariete'' Armoured Division, advancing from the south. While—with help from mobile infantry and artillery columns from 7th Armoured Division—they pushed back the Axis probe with ease, they were prevented from advancing north to protect the New Zealand flank.<ref name="Playfair351">{{harvnb|Playfair|Flynn|Molony|Gleave|2004|p=351}}.</ref>

Seeing the ''Brescia'' and ''Pavia'' under pressure, Rommel rushed German troops to Ruweisat. By 15:00, the 3rd Reconnaissance Regiment and part of 21st Panzer Division from the north and 33rd Reconnaissance Regiment and the Baade Group comprising elements from 15th Panzer Division from the south were in place under Lieutenant-General (''[[General der Panzertruppe]]'') [[Walther Nehring]].<ref name="Playfair350">{{harvnb|Playfair|Flynn|Molony|Gleave|2004|p=350}}.</ref> At 17:00, Nehring launched his counter-attack. 4th New Zealand Brigade were still short of support weapons and also, by this time, ammunition. Once again, the anti-tank defences were overwhelmed and about 380 New Zealanders were taken prisoner including Captain [[Charles Upham]]<ref name="Playfair350"/> who gained a second [[Victoria Cross]] for his actions, including destroying a German tank, several guns, and vehicles with grenades despite being shot through the elbow by a machine gun bullet. At about 18:00, the brigade HQ was overrun. At about 18:15, the 2nd Armoured Brigade engaged the German armour and halted the Axis eastward advance. At dusk, Nehring broke off the action.<ref name="Playfair350"/>[[File:Commonwealth_and_British_Prisoners_-_1st_battle_of_El_Alamein.jpg|British, Australian and New Zealand POWs awaiting transport to the Italian mainland.|thumb]]

Early on 16 July, Nehring renewed his attack. The 5th Indian Infantry Brigade pushed them back, but it was clear from intercepted radio traffic that a further attempt would be made. Strenuous preparations to dig in anti-tank guns were made, artillery fire plans organised, and a regiment from the 22nd Armoured Brigade Gsent to reinforce the 2nd Armoured Brigade.<ref name= "Playfair351"/> When the attack resumed late in the afternoon, it was repulsed. After the battle, the Indians counted 24 knocked out tanks, as well as armoured cars and numerous anti-tank guns left on the battlefield.<ref>{{harvnb|Bharucha|Prasad|1956|p=422}}.</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Barr|2005|pp=143–146}}.</ref>
In three days' fighting, the Allies took more than 2,000 Axis prisoners, mostly from the Italian ''Brescia'' and ''Pavia'' Divisions; the New Zealand division suffered 1,405 casualties.<ref>{{harvnb|Barr|2005|pp=118–142}}.</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Scoullar|1955|pp=232–298}}.</ref> The fighting at Tel el Eisa and Ruweisat had caused the destruction of three Italian divisions, forced Rommel to redeploy his armour from the south, and made it necessary to lay minefields in front of the remaining Italian divisions and stiffen them with detachments of German troops.<ref name="Hinsley405"/>

===Miteirya Ridge (Ruin Ridge)===
To relieve pressure on Ruweisat ridge, Auchinleck ordered the Australian 9th Division to make another attack from the north. In the early hours of 17 July, the Australian 24th Brigade—supported by 44th [[Royal Tank Regiment]] (RTR) and strong fighter cover from the air—assaulted Miteirya ridge<ref name= "Playfair351"/> (known as "Ruin ridge" to the Australians). The initial night attack went well, with 736 prisoners taken, mostly from the Italian ''[[102nd Motorized Division "Trento"|Trento]]'' and ''[[101st Motorized Division "Trieste"|Trieste]]'' motorised divisions. Once again, however, a critical situation for the Axis forces was retrieved by vigorous counter-attacks from hastily assembled German and Italian forces, which forced the Australians to withdraw back to their start line with 300 casualties.<ref name="Playfair351"/><ref>{{harvnb|Johnston|Stanley|2002|pp=83–85}}.</ref><ref>Maughan (1966), [http://www.awm.gov.au/cms_images/histories/19/chapters/12.pdf pp. 572–574] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208210804/https://www.awm.gov.au/cms_images/histories/19/chapters/12.pdf |date=8 December 2015 }}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Stewart|2002|p=130}}.</ref> Although the Australian Official History of the 24th Brigade's [[2/32nd Battalion (Australia)|2/32nd Battalion]] describes the counter-attack force as "German",<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.awm.gov.au/units/unit_11283.asp |publisher=Australian War Memorial |title=Australians at War: 2/32 Battalion |access-date=27 December 2007 |work=Australian War Memorial website}}</ref> the Australian historian Mark Johnston reports that German records indicate that it was the ''Trento'' Division that overran the Australian battalion.<ref>{{cite book |last=Johnston |first=Mark |title=Fighting the Enemy: Australian Soldiers and Their Adversaries in World War II |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zOgMy7rBFCoC&pg=PA13 |date=16 April 2000 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-78222-7 |page=13}}</ref>{{efn|Barton Maughan—Australia's official historian—has written that "two forward platoons of the 2/32nd's left company were overrun, 22 men were taken prisoner"<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.awm.gov.au/cms_images/awm52/8/AWM52-8-3-36-016.pdf |title=Maughan (1966), p. 575 |access-date=6 January 2008 |archive-date=27 February 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080227210124/http://www.awm.gov.au/cms_images/awm52/8/AWM52-8-3-36-016.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> but fails to shed more light on this attack.}}

===Second Battle of Ruweisat Ridge (El Mreir)===
[[File:The British Army in North Africa 1942 E14114.jpg|thumb|A 25-pdr field gun of 11th Field Regiment, Royal Artillery, in action, July 1942.]]
The Eighth Army now enjoyed a massive superiority in material over the Axis forces: 1st Armoured Division had 173 tanks and more in reserve or in transit,<ref name="Playfair353">{{harvnb|Playfair|Flynn|Molony|Gleave|2004|p=353}}.</ref> including 61 [[Grant (tank)|Grants]]<ref name="Hinsley405">{{harvnb|Hinsley|1981|p=405}}.</ref> while Rommel possessed only 38 German tanks and 51 Italian tanks<ref>Maughan (1966), [http://www.awm.gov.au/cms_images/histories/19/chapters/12.pdf p. 577] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208210804/https://www.awm.gov.au/cms_images/histories/19/chapters/12.pdf |date=8 December 2015 }}</ref><ref>Scoullar (1955), [https://nzetc.victoria.ac.nz/tm/scholarly/tei-WH2Egyp-c29.html#n328 p.328] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081016060853/http://www.nzetc.org/tm/scholarly/tei-WH2Egyp-c29.html#n328 |date=16 October 2008 }} and [https://nzetc.victoria.ac.nz/tm/scholarly/tei-WH2Egyp-c29.html#n337 p.337]</ref> although his armoured units had some 100 tanks awaiting repair.<ref name="Playfair353"/>

Auchinleck's plan was for Indian Infantry 161st Brigade to attack along Ruweisat ridge to take Deir el Shein, while the New Zealand 6th Brigade attacked from south of the ridge to the El Mreir depression. At daylight, two British armoured brigades—2nd Armoured Brigade and the fresh 23rd Armoured Brigade—would sweep through the gap created by the infantry. The plan was complicated and ambitious.<ref>Scoullar (1955), [https://nzetc.victoria.ac.nz/tm/scholarly/tei-WH2Egyp-c29.html#n319 pp. 319–337] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081016060853/http://www.nzetc.org/tm/scholarly/tei-WH2Egyp-c29.html#n319 |date=16 October 2008 }}</ref>

The infantry night attack began at 16:30 on 21 July. The New Zealand attack took their objectives in the El Mreir depression<ref>Scoullar (1955), [https://nzetc.victoria.ac.nz/tm/scholarly/tei-WH2Egyp-c30.html#n338 pp. 338–351] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081022193840/http://www.nzetc.org/tm/scholarly/tei-WH2Egyp-c30.html#n338 |date=22 October 2008 }}</ref> but, once again, many vehicles failed to arrive and they were short of support arms in an exposed position. At daybreak on 22 July, the British armoured brigades again failed to advance. At daybreak on 22 July, Nehring's 5th and 8th ''Panzer'' Regiments responded with a rapid counter-attack which quickly overran the New Zealand infantry in the open, inflicting more than 900 casualties on the New Zealanders.<ref>Scoullar (1955), [https://nzetc.victoria.ac.nz/tm/scholarly/tei-WH2Egyp-c31.html#n352 pp. 352–363] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080725155323/http://www.nzetc.org/tm/scholarly/tei-WH2Egyp-c31.html#n352 |date=25 July 2008 }}</ref> 2nd Armoured Brigade sent forward two regiments to help but they were halted by mines and anti-tank fire.<ref name="Playfair355">{{harvnb|Playfair|Flynn|Molony|Gleave|2004|p=355}}.</ref>

The attack by Indian 161st Brigade had mixed fortunes. On the left, the initial attempt to clear the western end of Ruweisat failed but at 08:00 a renewed attack by the reserve battalion succeeded. On the right, the attacking battalion broke into the Deir el Shein position but was driven back in hand-to-hand fighting.<ref name="Playfair355"/>

Compounding the disaster at El Mreir, at 08:00 the commander of 23rd Armoured Brigade ordered his brigade forward, intent on following his orders to the letter. Major-General Gatehouse—commanding 1st Armoured Division—had been unconvinced that a path had been adequately cleared in the minefields and had suggested the advance be cancelled.<ref name="Playfair356">{{harvnb|Playfair|Flynn|Molony|Gleave|2004|p=356}}.</ref> However, XIII Corps commander—Lieutenant-General [[William Gott]]—rejected this and ordered the attack but on a centre line {{cvt|1|mi|km}} south of the original plan which he incorrectly believed was mine-free. These orders failed to get through and the attack went ahead as originally planned. The brigade found itself mired in mine fields and under heavy fire. They were then counter-attacked by 21st Panzer at 11:00 and forced to withdraw.<ref name="Playfair356"/> The 23rd Armoured Brigade was destroyed, with the loss of 40 tanks destroyed and 47 badly damaged.<ref name="Playfair356"/>

At 17:00, Gott ordered 5th Indian Infantry Division to execute a night attack to capture the western half of Ruweisat ridge and Deir el Shein. 3/[[14th Punjab Regiment]] from [[9th Indian Infantry Brigade]] attacked at 02:00 on 23 July but failed as they lost their direction. A further attempt in daylight succeeded in breaking into the position but intense fire from three sides resulted in control being lost as the commanding officer was killed, and four of his senior officers were wounded or went missing.<ref name="Playfair357">{{harvnb|Playfair|Flynn|Molony|Gleave|2004|p=357}}.</ref>

===Attack on Tel el Eisa resumed===
[[File:Destroyed Panzer IIIs near Tel el Eisa 1942.jpg|right|thumb|Destroyed Panzer IIIs near Tel el Eisa]]
To the north, Australian 9th Division continued its attacks. At 06:00 on 22 July, Australian 26th Brigade attacked Tel el Eisa and Australian 24th Brigade attacked Tel el Makh Khad toward Miteirya (Ruin Ridge).<ref name="Playfair357"/> It was during this fighting that [[Arthur Stanley Gurney]] performed the actions for which he was posthumously awarded the Victoria Cross. The fighting for Tel el Eisa was costly, but by the afternoon the Australians controlled the feature.<ref name= "Playfair357"/><ref>{{harvnb|Johnston|Stanley|2002|pp=88–93, 97}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Bates|1992|pp=208–211}}.</ref> That evening, Australian 24th Brigade attacked Tel el Makh Khad with the tanks of 50th RTR in support. The tank unit had not been trained in close infantry support and failed to co-ordinate with the Australian infantry. The result was that the infantry and armour advanced independently and having reached the objective 50th RTR lost 23 tanks because they lacked infantry support.<ref name="Playfair357"/><ref>{{harvnb|Johnston|Stanley|2002|pp=93–96}}.</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Bates|1992|pp=212–214}}.</ref>

Once more, the Eighth Army had failed to destroy Rommel's forces, despite its overwhelming superiority in men and equipment. On the other hand, for Rommel the situation continued to be grave as, despite successful defensive operations, his infantry had suffered heavy losses and he reported that "the situation is critical in the extreme".<ref>Panzer Army Africa Battle Report dated 22 July 1942 K.T.B. 1220</ref>

====Operation Manhood====
On 26/27 July, Auchinleck launched Operation Manhood in the northern sector in a final attempt to break the Axis forces. XXX Corps was reinforced with 1st Armoured Division (less 22nd Armoured Brigade), 4th Light Armoured Brigade, and 69th Infantry Brigade. The plan was to break the enemy line south of Miteirya ridge and exploit north-west. The South Africans were to make and mark a gap in the minefields to the south-east of Miteirya by midnight of 26/27 July.<ref name="Playfair357"/> By 01:00 on 27 July, 24th Australian Infantry Brigade was to have captured the eastern end of the Miteirya ridge and would exploit toward the north-west. The 69th Infantry Brigade would pass through the minefield gap created by the South Africans to Deir el Dhib and clear and mark gaps in further minefields. The 2nd Armoured Brigade would then pass through to El Wishka and would be followed by 4th Light Armoured Brigade which would attack the Axis lines of communication.<ref name= "Playfair358">{{harvnb|Playfair|Flynn|Molony|Gleave|2004|p=358}}.</ref>

[[File:Valentine tank Mk3 desert.jpg|left|upright=1.3|thumb|A [[Valentine tank]] in North Africa, carrying British infantry]]
This was the third attempt to break through in the northern sector, and the Axis defenders were expecting the attack.<ref>{{harvnb|Barr|2005|p=176}}; {{harvnb|Bates|1992|p=216}}.</ref> Like the previous attacks, it was hurriedly and therefore poorly planned.<ref>{{harvnb|Bates|1992|p=217}}.</ref> The Australian 24th Brigade managed to take their objectives on Miteirya Ridge by 02:00{{efn|Playfair states that the "...timing soon fell behind, but by 3 am the Australians had taken their objective"<ref name= "Playfair358"/>}} of 27 July.<ref>{{harvnb|Johnston|Stanley|2002|pp=102–106}}; {{harvnb|Bates|1992|p=219}}.</ref> To the south, the British 69th Brigade set off at 01:30 and managed to take their objectives by about 08:00. However, the supporting anti-tank units became lost in the darkness or delayed by minefields, leaving the attackers isolated and exposed when daylight came. There followed a period during which reports from the battlefront regarding the minefield gaps were confused and conflicting. As a consequence, the advance of 2nd Armoured Brigade was delayed.<ref name= "Playfair358"/><ref>{{harvnb|Barr|2005|pp=178–179, 181–182}}.</ref> Rommel launched an immediate counter-attack and the German armoured battlegroups overran the two forward battalions of 69th Brigade.<ref name= "Playfair358"/><ref>{{harvnb|Barr|2005|pp=179–181}}; {{harvnb|Johnston|Stanley|2002|pp=107–112}}; {{harvnb|Bates|1992|pp=224–225}}.</ref> Meanwhile, 50th RTR supporting the Australians was having difficulty locating the minefield gaps made by Australian 2/24th Battalion. They failed to find a route through and in the process were caught by heavy fire and lost 13 tanks. The unsupported 2/28th Australian battalion on the ridge was overrun. The 69th Brigade suffered 600 casualties and the Australians 400 for no gain.<ref name="Playfair358"/>

The Eighth Army was exhausted, and on 31 July Auchinleck ordered an end to offensive operations and the strengthening of the defences to meet a major counter-offensive.

[[File:Italian high-water mark on road to Alex edited.jpg|thumb|Commemorative stone put up by the [[7th Bersaglieri Regiment]] on the road from Alexandria to El Alamein at the high-water mark for the Italian advance. The inscription reads: ''Mancò la fortuna, non-il valore'' (A lack of fortune, not of valour).]]
Rommel was later to blame the failure to break through to the Nile on how the sources of supply to his army had dried up and how:
{{blockquote|then the power of resistance of many Italian formations collapsed. The duties of comradeship, for me particularly as their Commander-in-Chief, compel me to state unequivocally that the defeats which the Italian formations suffered at Alamein in early July were not the fault of the Italian soldier. The Italian was willing, unselfish and a good comrade, and, considering the conditions under which he served, had always given better than average. There is no doubt that the achievement of every Italian unit, especially of the motorised forces, far surpassed anything that the Italian Army had done for a hundred years. Many Italian generals and officers won our admiration both as men and as soldiers. The cause of the Italian defeat had its roots in the whole Italian military state and system, in their poor armament and in the general lack of interest in the war by many Italians, both officers and statesmen. This Italian failure frequently prevented the realisation of my plans.|Rommel<ref>Liddell Hart (ed), 'The Rommel Papers' (London 1953), pp.261–262.</ref>}}

Rommel complained bitterly about the failure of important Italian convoys to get desperately needed tanks and supplies through to him, always blaming the [[Comando Supremo|Italian Supreme Command]], never suspecting British code breaking.<ref>{{harvnb|Gannon|2002|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=Kgb14s5UNmAC&pg=PA81 81]}}.</ref>

According to Dr James Sadkovich and others, Rommel often displayed a distinct tendency to blame and scapegoat his Italian allies to cover up his own mistakes and deficiencies as a commander in the field.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Sadkovich |first=Dr James |date=May 1991 |title=Of Myths and Men: Rommel and the Italians in North Africa 1940–42 |journal=International History Review |volume=13 |issue=2 |pages=284–313 |doi=10.1080/07075332.1991.9640582}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Robinson |first=James R. |date=September 1997 |title=The Rommel myth |journal=Military Review |volume=77 |pages=81–89}}</ref> For example, while Rommel was a very good tactical commander, the Italian and German High Commands were concerned that he lacked operational awareness and a sense of strategic objectives.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kirkland |first=Major Donald. E |date=May 1986 |title=Rommel's Desert Campaigns: a study in Operational level weakness |journal=School of Advanced Military Studies |pages=4–36}}</ref> Dr Sadkovich points out that he would often out-run his logistics and squander valuable (mostly Italian) military hardware and resources, in battle after battle, without clear strategic goals or an appreciation of the limited logistics with which his Italian allies were desperately trying to provide him.<ref name=":0" />

==Aftermath==
[[File:The British Army in North Africa 1942 E14621.jpg|thumb|German and Italian prisoners captured during the advance on the Ruweisat Ridge, July 1942]]
The battle was a stalemate, but it had halted the Axis advance on [[Alexandria]] (and then [[Cairo]] and ultimately the [[Suez Canal]]). The Eighth Army had suffered over 13,000 casualties in July, including 4,000 in the 2nd New Zealand Division, 3,000 in the 5th Indian Infantry Division and 2,552 battle casualties in the 9th Australian Division but had taken 7,000 prisoners and inflicted heavy damage on Axis men and machines.<ref name="CM589" /><ref name="Johnston03p86"/> In his appreciation of 27 July, Auchinleck wrote that the Eighth Army would not be ready to attack again until mid-September at the earliest. He believed that because Rommel understood that with the passage of time the Allied situation would only improve, he was compelled to attack as soon as possible and before the end of August when he would have superiority in armour. Auchinleck therefore made plans for a defensive battle.<ref>{{harvnb|Hinsley|1981|p=407}}.</ref>

In early August, [[Winston Churchill]] and General [[Alan Brooke, 1st Viscount Alanbrooke|Sir Alan Brooke]]—the [[Chief of the General Staff (United Kingdom)|Chief of the Imperial General Staff]] (CIGS)—visited Cairo on their way to meet [[Joseph Stalin]] in [[Moscow]]. They decided to replace Auchinleck, appointing the XIII Corps commander, [[William Gott]], to the Eighth Army command and General [[Harold Alexander, 1st Earl Alexander of Tunis|Sir Harold Alexander]] as C-in-C Middle East Command. Persia and Iraq were to be split from Middle East Command as a separate [[Persia and Iraq Command]] and Auchinleck was offered the post of C-in-C (which he refused).<ref>{{harvnb|Alanbrooke|2002|p=294}}.</ref> Gott was killed on the way to take up his command when his aircraft was shot down.<ref>{{harvnb|Clifford|1943|p=296}}.</ref> Lieutenant-General [[Bernard Montgomery]] was appointed in his place and took command on 13 August.<ref name="CM589"/>{{efn|Brooke and Auchinleck had both thought Montgomery a better candidate than Gott but Churchill had favoured his appointment.<ref>Alanbrooke Diaries, 4 August 1942</ref>}}

==Legacy==
The battle and the [[Second Battle of El Alamein]] three months later remain important to some of the countries that took part.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Commemorations to mark 75th anniversary of the Battle of El Alamein {{!}} Ministry for Culture and Heritage |url=https://mch.govt.nz/commemorations-mark-75th-anniversary-battle-el-alamein |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210825133709/https://mch.govt.nz/commemorations-mark-75th-anniversary-battle-el-alamein |archive-date=2021-08-25 |access-date=2021-08-25 |website=mch.govt.nz}}</ref> Particularly in [[New Zealand]], this is due to the country's significant contribution to the defence of El Alamein, especially the heavy role the [[Māori Battalion]] played.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Wright |first=Tony |date=2021-11-02 |title=75 years since New Zealand handed Nazi Germany its first land defeat of WWII|work=Newshub |url=https://www.newshub.co.nz/home/new-zealand/2017/11/75-years-since-new-zealand-handed-nazi-germany-its-first-land-defeat-of-wwii.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171102081308/http://www.newshub.co.nz/home/new-zealand/2017/11/75-years-since-new-zealand-handed-nazi-germany-its-first-land-defeat-of-wwii.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=2 November 2017 |access-date=2021-08-25}}</ref> Members of this battalion have been labelled war heroes since, such as commander [[Fred Baker (soldier)|Frederick Baker]], [[James Henare]] and [[Eruera Te Whiti o Rongomai Love]], the last of whom was killed in action.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tso |first=Matthew |date=2021-03-29 |title=Street name honouring Māori Battalion commander a 'spiritual return' – Granddaughter says |url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/national/124684754/street-name-honouring-mori-battalion-commander-a-spiritual-return--granddaughter-says |access-date=2021-08-25 |website=Stuff}}</ref>

==See also==

*[[Alamein Memorial]]
*[[Battle of Alam el Halfa]]
*[[Italian War Memorial at El Alamein]]
*[[List of North African airfields during World War II]]
*[[Second Battle of El Alamein]]
*[[Timeline of the North African campaign]]

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

===Citations===
{{Reflist}}

==References==
{{Refbegin}}
*{{cite book |title=War Diaries 1939–1945 |last=Alanbrooke |first=Field Marshal Lord |author-link=Alan Brooke |year=2002 |orig-year=1957 |editor-last1=Danchev |editor-first1=Alex |editor-last2=Todman |editor-first2=Daniel |publisher=Phoenix Press |location=London |edition=rev. |isbn=1-84212-526-5}}
*{{cite book |first=Niall |last=Barr |title=Pendulum of War: The Three Battles of El Alamein |publisher=Pimlico |location=London |year=2005 |isbn=0-7126-6827-6 |orig-year=2004}}
*{{cite book |first=Peter |last=Bates |title=Dance of War: The Story of the Battle of Egypt |publisher=Leo Cooper |location=London |year=1992 |isbn=0-85052-453-9}}
*{{cite book |first1=P. C. |last1=Bharucha |last2=Prasad |first2=Bisheshwar |title=The North African Campaign, 1940–43 |series=Official History of the Indian Armed Forces in the Second World War, 1939–45 |publisher=Combined Inter-Services Historical Section, India & Pakistan |location=Delhi |year=1956 |oclc=563270}}
*{{cite book |first=Paolo |last=Caccia Dominioni de Sillavengo |title=Alamein 1933–1962: An Italian Story |publisher=Allen & Unwin |year=1966 |oclc=2188258}}
*{{cite book |title=Three Against Rommel: The Campaigns of Wavell, Auchinleck and Alexander |first=Alexander |last=Clifford |year=1943 |publisher=George G. Harrap |location=London |oclc=10426023}}
*{{cite book |first=James |last=Gannon |title=Stealing Secrets, Telling Lies: How Spies and Codebreakers Helped Shape the Twentieth Century |publisher=Brassey |location=Washington DC |year=2002 |orig-year=2001 |isbn=1-57488-473-5}}
*{{cite book |last1=Hinsley |first1=F. H. |last2=Thomas |first2=E. E. |last3=Ransom |first3=C. F. G. |last4=Knight |first4=R. C. |author-link1=Harry Hinsley |title=British Intelligence in the Second World War. Its Influence on Strategy and Operations |volume=II |location=London |publisher=[[HMSO]] |year=1981 |isbn=0-11-630934-2 |ref={{sfnref|Hinsley|1981}} }}
*{{cite book |last=Johnston |first=Mark |author-link=Mark Johnston (historian) |title=Fighting the Enemy: Australian Soldiers and their Adversaries in World War II |publisher=Cambridge University Press |location=London |year=2000 |isbn=0-521-78222-8}}
*{{cite book |first1=Mark |last1=Johnston |first2=Peter |last2=Stanley |author-link2=Peter Stanley |title=Alamein: The Australian Story |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |location=South Melbourne, Victoria |isbn=0-19-551630-3 |year=2002}}
*{{cite book |first=Mark |last=Johnston |title=That Magnificent 9th: An Illustrated History of the 9th Australian Division |publisher=Allen & Unwin |location=Crows Nest, N.S.W. |year=2003 |isbn=1-86508-654-1}}
*{{cite journal |first=Colonel Conrad H. |last=Lanza |title=Perimeters in Paragraphs: The Axis Invades Egypt |journal=The Field Artillery Journal |issue=September 1942 |publisher=Field Artillery Association |location=Fort Sill, OK |url=https://sill-www.army.mil/famag/1942/SEP_1942/SEP_1942_PAGES_685_692.pdf |issn=0191-975X |access-date=30 December 2007 |archive-date=27 February 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080227210124/http://sill-www.army.mil/famag/1942/SEP_1942/SEP_1942_PAGES_685_692.pdf |url-status=live}}
*{{cite book |first=Jon |last=Latimer |title=Alamein |publisher=John Murray |location=London |year=2002 |isbn=0-7195-6203-1}}
*{{cite book |first=Ronald |last=Lewin |title=The Life and Death of the Afrika Korps: A Biography |publisher=Batsford |year=1977 |isbn=0-71340-685-2}}
*{{cite book |last=Mackenzie |first=Compton |year=1951 |title=Eastern Epic: September 1939 – March 1943, Defense |volume=I |publisher=Chatto & Windus |location=London |author-link=Compton Mackenzie |oclc=1412578}}
*{{cite book |last=Mitcham |first=Samuel W. |title=Rommel's Desert War: The Life and Death of the Afrika Korps |publisher=Stackpole Books |location=Mechanicsburg, PA |year=2007 |isbn=978-0-8117-3413-4 |orig-year=1982}}
*{{cite book |url=https://www.awm.gov.au/collection/RCDIG1070202/ |series=Official History of Australia in the Second World War |title=Tobruk and El Alamein |volume=III |last=Maughan |first=Barton |publisher=[[Australian War Memorial]] |location=Canberra |year=1966 |oclc=954993}}
*{{cite book |first1=Major-General I. S. O. |last1=Playfair |author1-link=Ian Stanley Ord Playfair |first2=Captain F. C. |last2=Flynn |first3=[[Royal Navy|RN]] Brigadier C. J. C. |last3=Molony |first4=Group Captain T. P. |last4=Gleave |editor-last=Butler |editor-first=J. R. M. |editor-link=James Ramsay Montagu Butler |series=History of the Second World War United Kingdom Military Series |title=The Mediterranean and Middle East: British Fortunes reach their Lowest Ebb (September 1941 to September 1942) |volume=III |publisher=Naval & Military Press |year=2004 |orig-year=1st. pub. [[HMSO]] 1960 |isbn=1-84574-067-X |name-list-style=amp}}
*{{cite book |first=Erwin |last=Rommel |author-link=Erwin Rommel |author2=Pimlott, John |title=Rommel: In His Own Words |location=London |publisher=Greenhill Books |year=1994 |isbn=978-1-85367-185-2}}
*{{cite book |last=Scoullar |first=J. L. |editor-first=Howard |editor-last=Kippenberger |editor-link=Howard Kippenberger |series=The Official History of New Zealand in the Second World War, 1939–1945 |title=The Battle for Egypt: The Summer of 1942 |year=1955 |publisher=Historical Publications Branch |location=Wellington |edition=online |url=https://nzetc.victoria.ac.nz/tm/scholarly/tei-WH2Egyp.html |access-date=2 November 2007 |oclc=2999615}}
*{{cite book |last=Stewart |first=Adrian |title=The Early Battles of Eighth Army: 'Crusader' to the Alamein Line 1941–1942 |publisher=Leo Cooper |location=Barnsley, South Yorkshire |year=2002 |isbn=0-85052-851-8}}
*{{cite book |first=Bruce Allen |last=Watson |title=Exit Rommel |publisher=Stackpole Books |location=Mechanicsburg PA |year=2007 |orig-year=1999 |isbn=978-0-8117-3381-6}}
{{Refend}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category}}
*[https://comandosupremo.com/first-battle-of-el-alamein/ First Battle of El Alamein, from Italian "Comando Supremo"]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20090503114041/http://www.remuseum.org.uk/corpshistory/rem_corps_part16.htm#west Royal Engineers Museum] Royal Engineers and Second World War (Deception and mine clearance at EL Alamein)
*[https://nzetc.victoria.ac.nz/tm/scholarly/tei-WH2Alam.html Alam Halfa and Alamein] New Zealand Electronic Text Centre
*{{cwgc cemetery|131900|Alamein Memorial}}
*[http://armchairgeneral.com/radio-kills-rommels-621st-radio-intercept-company.htm Rommel’s 621st Radio Intercept Company]

{{World War II}}
{{Tank battles|style=wide}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:El Alamein 1}}
[[Category:Conflicts in 1942]]
[[Category:1942 in Egypt|First Battle of El Alamein]]
[[Category:July 1942 in Africa|First Battle of El Alamein]]
[[Category:Western Desert campaign]]
[[Category:Battles of World War II involving Australia]]
[[Category:Land battles of World War II involving the United Kingdom|El Alamein]]
[[Category:Battles of World War II involving New Zealand]]
[[Category:Battles and operations of World War II involving India]]
[[Category:Battles and operations of World War II involving South Africa]]
[[Category:Battles of World War II involving Germany]]
[[Category:Battles of World War II involving Italy]]
[[Category:Egypt in World War II]]
[[Category:El Alamein]]
[[Category:Erwin Rommel]]
[[Category:Tank battles involving Germany]]
[[Category:Tank battles involving Italy]]
[[Category:Tank battles involving the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Tank battles involving South Africa]]
[[Category:Tank battles of World War II]]

Frederick William Savidge

2026-03-04T23:07:21Z

EveMagill33: new new details!

{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}}
{{Use British English|date=December 2018}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Frederick William Savidge
| image = [[File:F.W Savidge Cropped Portrait.jpg|250px]]
| alt =
| caption = F.W Savidge in Lushai attire
| birth_name =
| birth_date = 1862
| birth_place = [[Stretham]], [[Cambridgeshire]], [[England]]
| death_date = 28 September 1935 (aged 73)
| death_place = [[London]]
| other_names = Sap Upa (to [[Mizo people]])
| occupation = [[Christian missionary]]
| education = B.A., Ph.D.
| alma_mater =
| known_for = Origin of [[Christianity]], [[Mizo literature|literature]], and [[Education in Mizoram|education]] in [[Mizoram]]
}}
[[File:Sap Upa leh Pu Buanga Black and White.jpg|thumb|J.H. Lorrain and F.W. Savidge]]
'''Frederick William Savidge''' (1862 – 1935) was a pioneer [[English people|English]] [[Christian missionary]] in [[northeast India]]. He and [[James Herbert Lorrain]] brought [[Protestantism]] to [[Mizoram]], and some parts of [[Assam]] and [[Arunachal Pradesh]]. Together they were entirely responsible for the creation of [[written language]] in [[Mizo language|Mizo]], beginning of [[literacy]], origin of [[formal education]] and establishment of [[History of Christianity in Mizoram|churches in Mizoram]]. They devised the original Mizo alphabets based on [[Roman script]], prepared the first book and dictionary in Mizo, started the first school among the Mizos.<ref name=Anderson>{{cite book|last=Anderson|first=Gerald H.|title=Biographical Dictionary of Christian Missions|year=1999|publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing|isbn=9780802846808|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oQ8BFk9K0ToC}}</ref> Mizoram has become the most Christian populated state in India. As a professional educator Savidge was single-handedly responsible for introducing quality education in Mizoram (now 100%, the highest in literacy rate in India).<ref name=mission>{{cite web|last=Malsawma|first=Zari|title=The Mizos of Northeast India: Proclaiming the Gospel to their neighbors near and far|url=http://www.missionfrontiers.org/issue/article/the-mizos-of-northeast-india|publisher=Miison Frontiers|accessdate=14 January 2014|date=1 November 1991}}</ref> He is deservedly known as the Father of Mizo Education.<ref>{{cite web|title=History of the Education Department|url=http://www.mizobaptist.org/?page_id=41|publisher=Baptist Church of Mizoram|accessdate=14 January 2014}}</ref>

==Early life==

Frederick William Savidge was born in 1862 in [[Stretham]], a small village in [[Cambridgeshire]]. His family belonged to [[Baptist Church]]. He had BA and PhD degrees. He worked as schoolmaster in [[London]], where he met his future missionary partner J. H. Lorrain. The two became friends through their congregation at the Highgate Road Baptist Church in London. In 1891 he accepted the missionary post offered by the [[Robert Arthington|Arthington Aborigines Mission]] to work in India. He quitted his teaching job and left England in October 1891. He sailed for India and arrived in [[Calcutta]] in November. He attended an evangelical campaign at [[Brahmanbaria District|Brahmanbaria]] (now in [[Bangladesh]]) organised by the New Zealand Baptists where he met Lorrain. Lorrain was already in India since 1 January 1890.<ref name=Hluna>{{cite book|last=Hluna|first=J. V.|title=Mizoram Hmar Bial Missionary-te Chanchin|year=2003|publisher=The Synod Literature & Publication Board|location=Aizawl, India|pages=13–27}}</ref><ref name=mizostory>{{cite web|title=Lorrain 'Pu Buanga' and Savidge 'Sap Upa' pick up the torch|url=http://www.mizostory.org/mizostory/Mizo_Story_3.html|accessdate=13 January 2014}}</ref>

==Mission in India==

===Arthington Mission===

Savidge and Lorrain were to start camping and work in [[Tripura]] according to the plan of [[Robert Arthington#Arthington Aborigines Mission|Arthington Aborigines Mission]]. From [[Brahmanbaria]] they headed east into [[Tripura]], where their visit was bluntly objected by the ruler, [[Maharaja]]. Dejected they travelled northward into [[Chittagong]]. Here they stayed for sometime awaiting permission to enter [[Lushai Hills]] (now Mizoram). Since Lushai Hills was still under [[Tribal chiefdom|tribal chieftainship]]s with constant warfare, their application was deferred and allowed to stay at Kasalong village, the nearest possible location. The area suffered a heavy shortage of food supply, and infectious diseases were rampant. They stayed for a few months under constant hunger. To defend themselves from any tribal intrusion the [[Rangamati]] Commissioner provided them with a rifle. Unfortunately neither of them had any experience in shooting, and failed to hit [[jungle fowl]]s flogging around their hut. Then they suffered from severe [[dysentery]]. The medical doctor advised them to move to [[Darjeeling]] where a colder climate would revive them. After they recovered the doctor suggested they return to [[England]] for fear of their health. They were more determined than ever and soon sought passage to [[Mizoram]]. They stayed at [[Silchar]] for one whole year in 1893. Fortunately they could encounter some Mizo visitors from time to time, so that they could start learning their language. Finally a permit was issued and they immediately set off on [[Tlawng River]] in a canoe on [[Boxing Day]] of 1893. They arrived in [[Aizawl]] on 11 January 1894. The day is now observed as public holiday as "Missionary Day" in the state.<ref>{{cite news|last=PTI|title=Missionary Day observed in Mizoram|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2014-01-11/guwahati/46090094_1_mizoram-lushai-aizawl|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140115171147/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2014-01-11/guwahati/46090094_1_mizoram-lushai-aizawl|url-status=dead|archive-date=15 January 2014|accessdate=14 January 2014|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|date=11 January 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=CHANCHIN THA THLEN NI - 2012|url=http://mizoramsynod.org/index.php?phek=thuthar&nid=1117|publisher=Mizoram Presbyterian Church Synod|accessdate=14 January 2014}}</ref> They made camp at Thingpui Huan Tlang, MacDonald Hill, Zarkawt. They were the first foreigners the Mizo had ever seen having not authority on anything, so that they soon earned the nickname ''Sap Vakvai'' ("Vagabond Sahibs"). They immediately worked on creating Mizo alphabets based on [[Roman script]]. After only two and half months, Savidge started the first school on 1 April 1894. Their first and only pupils were Suaka and Thangphunga. The first book in Mizo ''Mizo Zir Tir Bu (A Lushai Primer)'' was released on 22 October 1895.<ref>{{cite book| author=J. Meirion Lloyd |title=History of the Church in Mizoram: Harvest in the Hills |year= 1991 | url= https://books.google.com/books?id=BkgFAQAAIAAJ |pages= 41–42 | publisher= Synod Publication Board}}</ref><ref>{{cite book| author= Suresh K. Sharma|title=Documents on North-East India: Mizoram |year=2006 | url= https://books.google.com/books?id=Rp-ib3dUUu0C&dq=education+mizoram&pg=PA63 |pages=63–64 | publisher= Mittal Publications |isbn= 9788183240864}}</ref> They translated and published the [[Gospel of Luke|Gospels of Luke]] and [[Gospel of John|John]], and [[Acts of the Apostles]]. They also prepared ''A Grammar and Dictionary of the Lushai language (Dulien Dialect)'' which they published in 1898, and became the foundation of Mizo language.<ref>{{cite book|title=Lorrain and Savidge 1898|url=http://wals.info/refdb/record/Lorrain-and-Savidge-1898|publisher=The World Atlas of Language Structures Online|accessdate=13 January 2014|year=1898}}</ref>

===Mission to Arunachalis===

The Arthington Mission mandated that the missionaries should move to new fields, and handed over its field to Welsh Presbyterian Mission in 1897. The Welsh Mission objected to the continued service of Savidge and Lorrain because of their Baptist persuasion. They left Aizawl for England on 31 December 1897. After taking up a brief course of medicine, they ventured back to India in the name of Assam Frontier Pioneer Mission, an independent mission. They first worked at Sadya in Assam (now Arunachal Pradesh) among the [[Galo tribe|Abor]] and [[Mising people|Miri tribes]]. They prepared Gospels in their language, and compiled the ''Abor-Miri Dictionary''.<ref name=Hluna/><ref name=Rees>{{cite book|editor-last=Rees|editor-first=D. Ben|title=Vehicles of Grace and Hope: Welsh Missionaries in India 1800-1970|year=2002|publisher=William Carey Library|isbn=9780878085057|pages=122–124|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8rMKm-Ee1dYC&dq=savidge+missionary&pg=PA124}}</ref>

===Baptist mission to southern Mizoram===

Since the Welsh Mission managed only the northern part of Mizoram, the [[Baptist Missionary Society]] of London adopted the new field. The experienced Baptist workers Savidge and Lorrain were the immediate choice. They accepted the appointment and arrived in [[Lunglei]] on 13 March 1903 and settled at [[Serkawn]]. This marked the establishment of Baptist Church in Mizoram.<ref>{{cite web|title=Page 9: Lorrain and Savidge return with the Baptist Missionary Society|url=http://www.mizostory.org/mizostory/Mizo_Story_9.html|publisher=Mizo Story|accessdate=14 January 2014}}</ref> For effective administration Savidge took up education and social works, while Lorrain pursued pastoral and translation works. They both got married during this period. The Savidges were fully devoted to school management, theology classes, medical centre and social services.<ref>{{cite web|title=History|url=http://www.mizobaptist.org/?page_id=56|publisher=Baptist Church of Mizoram|accessdate=14 January 2014}}</ref> Their educational works were a tremendous success that by 1921 there were already fifteen schools with 421 students in the region.<ref name=Rees/> The medical services were strengthened as a small dispensary in 1919 with the help new missionaries. The dispensary ultimately developed into the present day [[Christian Hospital Serkawn]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Christian Hospital Serkawn Lunglei, India|url=http://www.electives.net/hospital/6439|publisher=The Electives Network|accessdate=14 January 2014}}</ref> The present Baptist Higher Secondary School, Serkawn, was established as an extension of Savidge's school.<ref>{{cite web|title=BAPTIST HIGHER SECONDARY SCHOOL SERKAWN, MIZORAM|url=http://www.mizobaptist.org/?page_id=423|publisher=Baptist Church of Mizoram|accessdate=14 January 2014}}</ref> Evangelism in Mizoram was recorded as the most successful development in any BMS field in the 20th century. Between 1919 and 1924, the total Baptist community increased from 3,670 to 8,770, and church membership from 1,017 to 3,198.<ref>{{cite web|title=Mizoram|url=http://www.bmsworldmission.org/about-us/our-heritage/asia/mizoram|publisher=BMS World Mission|accessdate=14 January 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140115052236/http://www.bmsworldmission.org/about-us/our-heritage/asia/mizoram|archive-date=15 January 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Honorific names==

Savidge and Lorrain were given an honorific title ''Zosap'' (meaning "Mizo Sahib" or "respected master". Note that "[[sahib]]" was adopted from a [[Hindi]] title meaning "master") because of their services to Mizos. When David Evan Jones from the Welsh Mission arrived in 1897 to take over the mission, Mizo called the young Welshman "Zosapthara" (meaning "the new/fresh Mizo Sahib"), Jones automatically became "Zosaphluia" ("the older Mizo Sahib"), and Savidge became "Sap Upa" (simply "old Sahib") as he was the oldest. Lorrain, on the other hand, due to his different complexion became "Pu Buanga" ("Mr Brown"). They were known only by their new names among the Mizos.<ref name=mizostory/><ref name=Rees/>

==Later years==

Savidge became poorer in health and retired in 1925. He left Mizoram on 13 April 1925 for England. He brought home a soil from Serkawn to be buried with him. He lived in London, but his health was worsened by [[diabetes mellitus]]. After long suffering he died on 28 September 1935.<ref name=Hluna/>

==References==

{{reflist}}

==Further reading==

*''[https://books.google.com/books?id=mYNAMwEACAAJ Mizorama missionary hmasa ber: Rev. Dr. F.W. Savidge & Rev. J.H. Lorrain (sap upa & pu buanga) : an sulhnu-Mizote ro hlu bihchianna]''. Research & Development Department, Academy of Integrated Christian Studies, 2012, pages 152.

{{Lushai frontier}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Savidge, Frederick William}}
[[Category:1862 births]]
[[Category:1935 deaths]]
[[Category:English Baptist missionaries]]
[[Category:Baptist missionaries in India]]
[[Category:British missionaries in India]]
[[Category:Christianity in Mizoram]]
[[Category:British people in British India]]
[[Category:People from Stretham]]

Sau Shashi Deodhar

2026-03-04T09:47:09Z

EveMagill33: put up data

{{Short description|2014 Marathi-language film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2024}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Sau Shashi Deodhar
| image =
| caption =
| native_name =
| director = Amol Shetge
| writer =
| screenplay =
| producer = {{plainlist|
*[[Shilpa Shirodkar|Shilpa Shirodkar Ranjit]]
*Kushna Shetty
}}
| starring = {{plainlist|
* [[Sai Tamhankar]]
* [[Ajinkya Deo]]
* Tushar Dalvi
}}
| cinematography = Suresh Deshmane
| editing = Rajesh Rao
| music = Tubby Parik
| studio =
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|df=y|2014|02|21}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = [[Marathi language|Marathi]]
| budget =
| gross =
}}

'''''Sau Shashi Deodhar''''' is an Indian [[Marathi language]] film directed by Amol Shetge and produced by [[Shilpa Shirodkar|Shilpa Shirodkar Ranjit]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=29 November 2013 |title=The big switch|url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/the-big-switch/1200253/0 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221122140626/http://web.archive.org/screenshot/http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/the-big-switch/1200253/0 |archive-date=22 November 2022 |access-date=22 November 2022 |website= [[The Indian Express]] |language=English
}}</ref> and Kushna Shetty. The film stars [[Sai Tamhankar]], [[Ajinkya Deo]] and Tushar Dalvi. The film was released on 21 February 2014.<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 February 2014 |title=Sau Shashi Deodhar|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/previews/sau-shashi-deodhar-amol-shetge-tabi-parik-sai-tamhankar-ajinkya-deo-tushar-dalvi-shilpa-shirodkar-ranjeet-krishna-shetty/articleshow/30733391.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221122135247/http://web.archive.org/screenshot/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/previews/sau-shashi-deodhar-amol-shetge-tabi-parik-sai-tamhankar-ajinkya-deo-tushar-dalvi-shilpa-shirodkar-ranjeet-krishna-shetty/articleshow/30733391.cms?from=mdr |archive-date=22 November 2022 |access-date=22 November 2022 |website= [[The Times of India]] |language=English
}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=23 February 2014 |title=गूढ, उत्कंठावर्धक|url=https://www.loksatta.com/manoranjan/movie-review-sau-shashi-deodhar-381338/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221122141156/http://web.archive.org/screenshot/https://www.loksatta.com/manoranjan/movie-review-sau-shashi-deodhar-381338/ |archive-date=22 November 2022 |access-date=22 November 2022 |website= [[Loksatta]] |language=Marathi
}}</ref>

== Synopsis ==
Shubhada meets with an accident involving Dr. Ajinkya's car and loses her identity. She informs the police that she is Shashi Deodhar's wife. However, when police visit Shashi's home, they find out that he is an old man who is already married. When Shashi identifies Shubhada in hospital, he recalls her as one of his students. In the past, Shashi was an art teacher in Shubhada's school. Little Shubhada had a crush on him and used to go for personal coaching to his home in order to get more time with him. However, she found out that Shashi is married and used to idealize him due to his devoting family-man personality. In this chaos, a man named Thakur approaches the police claiming to be Shubhada's husband. Dr. Ajinkya now decides to take matters in his hands. He investigates everyone thoroughly and then calls everyone to announce the decision, where he publicly slaps Mr. Thakur. He then discloses that Mr. Thakur is Subhada's real husband, but due to his infertility, his father—Subhada's Father-in-law—raped her. This traumatic incident left her so broken that she ended up in accident. Due to memory loss, Shubhada picked up from her childhood memories and claimed Shashi as her husband. Thakur and his father are arrested.

== Cast ==
* [[Sai Tamhankar]] as Shubhada
* [[Ajinkya Deo]] as Dr Ajinkya Vartak
* Tushar Dalvi as Shashi Deodhar
* Shilpa Gandhi
* Avinash Kharshikar
* Aniket Kelkar
* Anoushka Ranjit
* [[Monalisa Bagal]]

== Soundtrack==
{{Infobox album
| name = Sau Shashi Deodhar
| type = Soundtrack
| artist = Tubby Parik
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 2014 <ref>{{Cite web |date=20 April 2014 |title=Music Review: Sau Shashi Deodhar|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/music/sau-shashi-deodhar-tubby-parik-shankar-mahadevan-mahalaxmi-iyer-ashish-kulkarni/articleshow/30728251.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221122142656/http://web.archive.org/screenshot/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/music/sau-shashi-deodhar-tubby-parik-shankar-mahadevan-mahalaxmi-iyer-ashish-kulkarni/articleshow/30728251.cms?from=mdr |archive-date=22 November 2022 |access-date=22 November 2022 |website= [[The Times of India]] |language=English
}}</ref>

| recorded = 2014
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Feature film soundtrack]]
| length = 7:52
| language = Marathi
| label =
| producer =
| prev_title =
| prev_year = 2013
| year = 2015
| next_title =
| next_year = 2014
| misc = {{external music video| header = Official audio
|{{YouTube|pnwuj2Pvsxk| Sau Shashi Deodhar – Full Album}}
}}
}}

{{Track listing
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length = 7:52
| title1 = Rang Tu
| extra1 = [[Shankar Mahadevan]]
| length1 = 3:42
| title2 = Hati Tuze
| extra2 = [[Mahalakshmi Iyer]]
| length2 = 4:10
}}

== Critical response ==
Sau Shashi Deodhar received positive reviews from critics. Soumitra Pote of ''[[Maharashtra Times]]'' rated the film 3 out of 5 stars and wrote, "The planned journey has been completed perfectly by the director with the help of everyone. So he entertains well".<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 February 2014 |title=सिनेरिव्ह्यू : सौ. शशी देवधर: चकित करणारा धक्कादायक अनुभव|url=https://maharashtratimes.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/sau-shashi-deodhar-marathi-movie/moviereview/30808789.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221122143910/http://web.archive.org/screenshot/https://maharashtratimes.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/sau-shashi-deodhar-marathi-movie/moviereview/30808789.cms |archive-date=22 November 2022 |access-date=22 November 2022 |website= [[Maharashtra Times]] |language=Marathi
}}</ref> ''[[The Times of India]]'' gave it 3.5 stars out of 5 and similarly found that, "Thrilling, well-crafted and disturbing at the same time, is 'Sau Shashi Deodhar' for you. It is perhaps the only film after 'Pune 52' in this genre that succeeds in playing mind games with the viewers and is a good watch for psychological thriller buffs".<ref>{{Cite web |date=21 April 2016 |title=SAU SHASHI DEODHAR MOVIE REVIEW|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movie-reviews/sau-shashi-deodhar/movie-review/30796326.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221122145146/http://web.archive.org/screenshot/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movie-reviews/sau-shashi-deodhar/movie-review/30796326.cms |archive-date=22 November 2022 |access-date=22 November 2022 |website= [[The Times of India]] |language=English
}}</ref> ''[[DB Corp|Divyamarathi]]'' wrote, " It presents the gruesome reality of oppression of women for the lamp of the race. A different topic has been presented before the society by taking care of the human mind".<ref>{{Cite web |date=21 November 2022 |title=Movie review - सौ. शशी देवधर|url=https://divyamarathi.bhaskar.com/news/bol-rev-movie-review-sau-4529564-nor.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221122145816/http://web.archive.org/screenshot/https://divyamarathi.bhaskar.com/amp/news/BOL-REV-movie-review-sau-4529564-NOR.html |archive-date=22 November 2022 |access-date=22 November 2022 |website= [[DB Corp|Divyamarathi]] |language=Marathi
}}</ref> ''[[Loksatta]]'' wrote, "Complicated and forced to think about what would happen next, 'Mrs. Shashi Deodhar is a one time must watch movie".<ref>{{Cite web |date=21 February 2014 |title=गुंतागुंतीचा तरीही पाहण्याजोगा 'सौ. शशी देवधर'|url=https://www.loksatta.com/manoranjan/film-review-sau-shashi-deodhar-379830/lite/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221122163153/http://web.archive.org/screenshot/https://www.loksatta.com/manoranjan/film-review-sau-shashi-deodhar-379830/lite/ |archive-date=22 November 2022 |access-date=22 November 2022 |website= [[Loksatta]] |language=Marathi
}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|tt5490820}}
* {{Rotten Tomatoes|m/sau_shashi_deodhar}}

[[Category:2014 films]]
[[Category:2014 Marathi-language films]]
[[Category:2014 Indian films]]
[[Category:Indian romantic drama films]]
[[Category:2014 romantic drama films]]

Knanaya Catholic Parish, Los Angeles

2026-03-04T09:38:05Z

EveMagill33: started initial stub added tags

{{Use American English|date=July 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2020}}
{{Infobox church
| denomination = [[Catholic Church|Knanaya Catholic]]
| church name = St. Pius X Knanaya Catholic Church, Los Angeles
| fullname =
| image = La-church-inside.png
| caption = Church sanctuary
| pushpin map =
| pushpin label position =
| coordinates =
| country = United States
| location = [[Montebello, California]]
| tradition = [[Syro-Malabar Rite]] in Malayalam & English
| website = {{URL|https://knanayaregion.us/los_angeles.html}}
| former name = Knanaya Catholic Mission, Los Angeles
| bull date =
| founded date = 17 March 2002
| dedication = St. Pope Pius X
| events = {{ubl|* 17 March 2002: Mission Started|* 29 July 2010: Consecration of the church and elevation as parish|}}
| status = Parish
| groundbreaking =
| parish =
| archdiocese =
| diocese = Syro-Malabar Catholic Diocese of Chicago
| province = St. Mary's Knanaya Catholic Forane San Jose, CA
| district = Knanaya Catholic Region
| archbishop =
| bishop = Mar [[Joy Alappatt]] and Bishop Emeritus Mar Jacob Angadiath
| priest = Fr. Benoy Naramangalath
| asstpriest =
}}

[[File:Fr Abraham Mutholath.jpg|thumb|Fr. Abraham Mutholath, the first mission director and first Knanaya Vicar General and Region Director.]]
[[Pope Pius X|St. Pope Pius X]] '''[[Knanaya]] [[Catholic Church|Catholic]] Church''' located in [[Montebello, California]] in the [[United States|US]] was established as a mission on 17 March 2002 and elevated as a parish on 31 July 2010 for the [[Knanaya Catholic]]s living in [[Southern California]] by Bishop Mar [[Jacob Angadiath]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=KNANAYA REGION: LOS ANGELES PARISH|url=https://knanayaregion.us/los_angeles.html|access-date=2021-03-30|website=knanayaregion.us|archive-date=11 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210411131118/https://knanayaregion.us/los_angeles.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Before the official establishment of the mission, the community had monthly [[Syro-Malabar Church|Syro-Malabar]] Holy Mass while being members of the local Latin Catholic parishes.

The Knanaya Catholic Mission of [[Los Angeles]] bought a church at 124 N. 5th Street in Montebello from Montebello Orthodox Church and converted it as a [[Syro-Malabar Church|Syro-Malabar]] Catholic Church under the leadership of the then mission director Fr. Thomas Mulavanal. Bishop Mar [[Jacob Angadiath]] consecrated the church and elevated it as a parish on 31 July 2010.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Mutholath|first=Fr. Abraham|date=July 18, 2010|title=ക്നാനായ റീജിയണിൽ പള്ളികൂദാശകളുടെ മഹാപരമ്പര|url=https://shkcparish.us/bulletin/2010_07_18.pdf|journal=Chicago Knanaya Catholic Parish Bulletin|volume= 5| issue = 43|pages=3–4}}</ref> The parish serves around 90 families. Now the parish comes under St. Mary's Knanaya Catholic Forane, San Jose,<ref>{{Cite web|title=KNANAYA REGION: SAN JOSE FORANE|url=https://knanayaregion.us/san_jose_forane.html|access-date=2021-03-30|website=knanayaregion.us|archive-date=25 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210725172528/https://knanayaregion.us/san_jose_forane.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Knanaya Region|Knanaya Catholic Region]], and [[Syro-Malabar Catholic Eparchy of St. Thomas of Chicago|St. Thomas Syro-Malabar Catholic Diocese of Chicago.]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Parishes {{!}} St. Thomas Syro-Malabar Diocese|url=https://stthomasdiocese.org/parishes|access-date=2021-03-30|website=stthomasdiocese.org}}</ref>

Two priests who had served the community became [[vicar general]]s (Syncellus) of the St. Thomas Syro-Malabar Catholic Diocese of Chicago. Bishop Mar Jacob Angadiath appointed the first mission director Fr. Abraham Mutholath as the first Knanaya Catholic [[Vicar general|Vicar General]] of the diocese on 3 October 2003 while serving as the director of this mission. He was later appointed also as the [[Knanaya Region]] director on 30 April 2006. The bishop appointed Fr. Thomas Mulavanal as the successor of Fr. Mutholath as the Vicar General and Knanaya Region director on 8 February 2014 while he was serving as the pastor of the parish.<ref name="CHRONOLOGY">{{Cite web|title=CHRONOLOGY|url=https://knanayaregion.us/chronology.html|access-date=2021-03-30|website=knanayaregion.us|archive-date=22 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210622162454/https://knanayaregion.us/chronology.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==History ==
===Catholic associations===
The Knanaya Catholics who began to migrate to [[Southern California]] in the 1970s got organized along with other [[Kerala]] Catholics in 1978 to form Kerala Catholic Association. The initial office bearers were Abraham Niravath (president), Jacob Mutholath (secretary) and Paulose Thekkedath (treasurer). Along with social and cultural activities, they also organized monthly [[Malayalam]] Mass in the Syro-Malabar rite at the parish hall of St. [[John Eudes]] church in Chatsworth. Visiting priests and the priests who came for studies helped to offer the Holy Mass.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://knanayaregion.us/los_angeles.html|title=KNANAYA REGION: LOS ANGELES PARISH|website=knanayaregion.us|access-date=31 March 2021|archive-date=11 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210411131118/https://knanayaregion.us/los_angeles.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>

When Fr. Abraham Mutholath came to Los Angeles for higher studies in December 1987, he volunteered to help the association in offering monthly Holy Mass and to take care of the pastoral needs of the Syro-Malabar faithful in Southern California. Before his departure back to [[Kerala]], he took initiative in organizing Knanaya Catholic Congress of Southern California (KCCSC) and Knanaya Catholic Youth League (KCYL). The Knanaya Catholic Association continued to organize Syro-Malabar Holy Mass every month with the available priests for the Knanaya Catholic Community in Southern California.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|last=Muttathil|first=Johny|title=A Look Back to the History of St. Pius X Knanaya Church|publisher=St. Pius X Knanaya Catholic Parish, Los Angeles|year=2011|location=Los Angeles, CA|pages=20}}</ref>[[File:Fr-mulavanal.jpg|thumb|Fr. Thomas Mulavanal, first pastor of the parish, Vicar General and Region Director.]]
[[File:Kccla-committee.jpg|thumb|The initial committee of Knanaya Catholic Congress of Southern California on the day of its formation.]]
Though there were other Knanaya Catholic Youth organizations in the other cities of the US, the first KCYL unit was established in Los Angeles. This unit became a motivating factor for other cities to adapt the same name like the KCYL in the [[Syro-Malabar Catholic Archeparchy of Kottayam|Archdiocese of Kottayam]]. The first meeting and formation of Knanaya Catholic Congress of North America (KCCNA) was held in 1988 in Los Angeles at the house of Abraham Niravath under the spiritual guidance of Fr. Abraham Mutholath.

When Fr. Abraham Mutholath came back to Los Angeles in December 2000, he again took charge as the spiritual director of the Knanaya Catholic Association of Southern California. He took care of the pastoral needs of the community members including the monthly Holy Mass arranged by the Knanaya Catholic Association.<ref name=":0" />
[[File:Kccna-la.jpg|thumb|The first committee of KCCNA on the day of its formation in 1988 in Los Angeles.]]

=== Formation of Mission ===
When [[Pope John Paul II]] established the St. Thomas Syro-Malabar Catholic Diocese of Chicago on 13 March 2001 with Mar Jacob Angadiath as its first bishop, he got jurisdiction over the Syro-Malabar faithful including Knanaya Catholics all over the United States. The inauguration of the diocese and consecration of the bishop took place on 1 July 2001.<ref>{{Cite web|title=St. Thomas Syro-Malabar Diocese, Chicago {{!}} St. Thomas Syro-Malabar Diocese|url=https://www.stthomasdiocese.org/st-thomas-syro-malabar-diocese-chicago|access-date=2021-03-30|website=www.stthomasdiocese.org}}</ref> The Knanaya Catholics in Southern California also came under the new diocese.

Considering the need of the time, Fr. Abraham Mutholath held a meeting of the Knanaya Catholics in Southern California along with the Holy Mass on Sunday, 5 August 2001 to decide on applying to Bishop Mar Jacob Angadiath for establishing a Knanaya Mission in Los Angeles. The meeting approved the proposal and also agreed to the suggestion of Fr. Mutholath to propose the name of [[Pope Pius X|St. Pius X]] as the patron of the mission.<ref name=":1" /> This was the first mission to select a patron saint. Fr. Abraham Mutholath mailed the application to Mar Angadiath.

Bishop Mar Jacob Angadiath appointed Fr. Abraham Mutholath as the first Syncellus ([[Vicar general|Vicar General]]) of the St. Thomas Syro-Malabar Catholic Diocese of Chicago, along with Fr. George Madathiparambil as the Proto-syncellus with effect from 3 October 2001.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Vicar Generals, Commemorative Souvenir-2001|publisher=St. Thomas Syro-Malabar Catholic Diocese of Chicago|year=2001|location=Chicago, IL|pages=142}}</ref> However, Fr. Mutholath continued his stay in Los Angeles serving also the Knanaya community in Los Angeles.

The Knanaya Catholic Association, along with Kerala Catholic Association under the leadership of Fr. Paul Kottackal, arranged a reception to Mar Jacob Angadiath on 21 December 2001 at St. John Eude's parish hall. Mar Jacob Angadiath established the St. Pius X Knanaya Catholic Mission of Los Angeles with Fr. Abraham Mutholath as the mission director with effect from 17 March 2002. The mission arranged Malayalam Syro-Malabar Holy Mass at St. John Eude's parish hall in [[Chatsworth, Los Angeles|Chatsworth]] and later moved to the Korean Apostolic Church in [[San Fernando Valley]].<ref name=":1" />

When Fr. Abraham Muthoatlh moved to Chicago in February 2003, Fr. Baby Kattiyankel served as the director in charge of the mission. Mar Jacob Angadiath appointed Fr. Thomas Animoottil as the mission director from 2003 to 2005. Fr. Thomas Mulavanal took charge as the mission director on 25 August 2005.<ref name=":0" />

=== Establishment of the Parish ===
The mission director Fr. Thomas Mulavanal motivated the mission members to purchase church for the mission. The general body established a building committee headed by Jacob Mutholath and a finance committee under the leadership of Stephen Vallipadavil. On 24 June 2010, the committees were constituted with Johny Muttathil as the building Committee convener and Jose Vallipadavil as the finance committee convener. After assessing various options, the mission decided to purchase Montebello Orthodox Church that was available for sale.

The escrow was closed on 29 July 2010. The church was then remodeled to make the church suitable for the Syro-Malabar liturgy. His Excellency Mar [[Jacob Angadiath]], along with Archbishop Mar [[Mathew Moolakkatt]] and Bishop Mar [[Joseph Pandarasseril]], consecrated the church on 31 July 2010. Mar Jacob Angadiath elevated the mission on the same occasion as a parish with Fr. Thomas Mulavanal as the first pastor of the parish.

Mar Jacob Angadiath appointed Fr. Thomas Mulavanal as the vicar general (syncellus) and Knanaya Region director of the diocese with effect from 8 February 2014.<ref name="CHRONOLOGY"/> When he moved to Chicago Mar Angadiath appointed Fr. Siju Mudakkodil as the pastor of the parish with effect from 18 October 2014. In 2015, this parish is part of the St. Mary Knanaya Forane Church San Jose. For the perunnals and feast days, statues of St. Mary, St Joseph, St. Stephen and Infant Jesus were purchased and blessed. In 2017, Mar Joseph Pandarasseril has officiated the first holy communion ceremony. During Fr. Siju's term, he and the parish team has renovated the altar buying a new crucifix and new statues of St. Joseph, St. Stephen and St. Pius X from Kerala. The parish celebrated its 10th anniversary of the consecration of the church despite covid-19 issues. After 8 years of service, Fr Siju moved to Chicago and Fr. Benoy Naramangalath became his successor on September 15th, 2023 by Mar Joy Alappatt. He has been appointed as the third vicar of St. Pius X Knanaya Church Los Angeles.

=== Convents ===
The Visitation Congregation of the Archeparchy of Kottayam established a convent in Los Angeles. The sisters came with the arrangements Fr. Abraham Mutholath made with the Sisters of Carondelet in Los Angeles. The Visitation sisters started living in Los Angeles from 22 July 2000. They worked at Daniel Freeman Memorial Hospital in Inglewood owned and administered by the Sisters of Carondelet. The sisters moved to a new convent in [[Downey, California|Downey]] on 5 February 2009. Fr. Thomas Mulavanal helped for the purchase of the convent. The convent was officially blessed on 31 July 2010 after the consecration of the St. Pius X Knanaya Catholic Church in Los Angeles.<ref name=":0" />

Fr. Abraham Mutholath took initiative also to bring [[sisters of St. Joseph]]'s Congregation from the Archeparchy of Kottayam. They arrived on 31 May 2002 and served as [[West Covina, California|West Covina]] hospital.

==Specialties of this Parish==
* KCCNA was officially formed in Los Angeles in 1988
*The first KCYL unit in North America was formed in Los Angeles in 1992
*The first Knanaya Mission to host convents in North America
*The mission to select a patron saint for the mission in North America
*This is the first Knanaya mission established by Mar Jacob Angadiath.
*The two vicar generals were selected from this mission / parish.
* The St. Pius X Knanaya Catholic Church Montebello renovated its altar in 2020
*The two former vicars Fr. Thomas and Fr. Siju were appointed as pastors of St. Mary's Knanaya Church Chicago

== See also ==
*[[Syro-Malabar Catholic Eparchy of St. Thomas of Chicago|St. Thomas Syro-Malabar Catholic Diocese of Chicago]]
*[[Syro-Malabar Catholic Archeparchy of Kottayam]]
*[[Knanaya Region]]
*[[Sacred Heart Knanaya Catholic Church Chicago|Sacred Heart Knanaya Catholic Parish, Chicago]]
*[[St. Mary's Knanaya Catholic Parish, Chicago]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Bibliography==
* Souvenir 2011, St. Pius X Knanaya Catholic Church Los Angeles, January 2012.
*Thoudkayil, Fr. Philip J., "Knanaya Catholic Mission, Chicago," ''Commemorative Souvenir 2001, Syro-Malabar Catholic Convention, Inauguration of St. Thomas Diocese of Chicago, Episcopal Ordination of Mar Jacob Angadiath,'' Editor in Chief: George Joseph Kottukappally. Chicago:2001. Print.
* ''Diocesan Bulletin'', The Official Bulletin of St. Thomas Syro-Malabar Catholic Diocese of Chicago, Chicago: October 2001. Print.
* Mutholath, Abraham. (2014). ''Preservation of the Ecclesial Nature of Knanaya Community in North America.'' Jacob Kollaparambil and Baiju Mukalel, (Eds.)''.'' ''Kottayam: Centenary Symposiums''. Kottayam:2014 pp. 497–505. Print.
* Mutholath, Fr. Abraham & George Thottappuram, "വടക്കേ അമേരിക്കയിലെ ക്നാനായ റീജിയന്റെ ഉത്ഭവവും വളർച്ചയും," (The Origin and Growth of the Knanaya Region in North America") ''Silver Jubilee Souvenir'', Kottayam: Missionary Society of St. Pius X, 2009, pp. 51–56. Print.

==External links==
*[https://knanayaregion.us/los_angeles.html Knanaya Catholic Parish Los Angeles] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210411131118/https://knanayaregion.us/los_angeles.html |date=11 April 2021 }}
*[https://www.facebook.com/Piusxla/ Knanaya Catholic Parish Los Angeles on Facebook]
*[http://www.knanayaregion.us/ Knanaya Region]
*[https://www.knanayology.org/ Knanayology]
*[http://www.stthomasdiocese.org/ St. Thomas Syro-Malabar Catholic Diocese of Chicago]
*[http://www.kottayamad.org/ Archdiocese of Kottayam]
*[http://www.syromalabarchurch.in/ Syro-Malabar Church]
*[https://christianhomily.com/ Homilies by Fr. Abraham Mutholath]

[[Category:Christian communities of India]]
[[Category:History of Christianity in Asia]]
[[Category:Knanaya Community]]
[[Category:Indian-American culture in California]]

Malligadu Marriage Bureau

2026-03-03T21:52:10Z

EveMagill33: Creating First Stub W/ Infobox...

{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2022}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Malligadu Marriage Bureau
| image = Malligadu Marriage Bureau.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Official poster
| director = Uday Raj
| writer =
| producer = Mallela Seetaramaraju
| starring = {{Ubl|[[Srikanth (Telugu actor)|Srikanth]]|[[Manochitra]]}}
| cinematography = Vasu
| editing = Aswani Kumar
| music = Raghu Ram
| studio =
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|df=y|2014|2|7}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Telugu
| budget =
| gross =
}}
'''''Malligadu Marriage Bureau''''' is a 2014 Indian Telugu-language comedy film<ref name="india">{{Cite web |date=4 February 2014 |title=Meka Srikanth pins hope on comedy flick 'Malligadu Marriage Bureau' |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/bollywood/meka-srikanth-malligadu-marriage-bureau-11667.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220531043319/https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/bollywood/meka-srikanth-malligadu-marriage-bureau-11667.html |archive-date=31 May 2022 |access-date=31 May 2022 |website=India TV News}}</ref> directed by Uday Raj and starring [[Srikanth (Telugu actor)|Srikanth]] and [[Manochitra]]. This film is about Malli, a man who creates a marriage bureau.<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 February 2014 |title=Malligadu Marriage Bureau |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/previews/malligadu-marriage-bureau/articleshow/29954817.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220424080016/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/previews/malligadu-marriage-bureau/articleshow/29954817.cms |archive-date=24 April 2022 |access-date=31 May 2022 |website=The Times of India}}</ref>

== Cast ==
*[[Srikanth (Telugu actor)|Srikanth]] as Malligadu a.k.a. Malli
*[[Manochitra]] as Madhu
*[[Brahmanandam]] as Chotu Bhai
*[[Posani Krishna Murali]] as ACP Nayak
*[[Telangana Shakuntala]] as Akka
*[[Vennela Kishore]] as Bobby
*Anjana as Surekha
*[[Sravanthi Ravi Kishore]]
*[[Fish Venkat]]
*Nandhu

== Production ==
After his previous action-oriented films were commercial failures, Srikanth decided to do an out-and-out comedy film.<ref name=india /> Tamil actress [[Manochitra]] made her Telugu debut with this film.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Raghavan |first=Nikhil |date=5 August 2013 |title=Shotcuts: A welcome change |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/chen-cinema/shotcuts-a-welcome-change/article4991892.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131216231937/http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/chen-cinema/shotcuts-a-welcome-change/article4991892.ece |archive-date=16 December 2013 |access-date=31 May 2022 |website=The Hindu}}</ref> She worked on this film alongside ''Nattukodi'', another film starring Srikanth which is yet to release.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ragahvan |first=Nikhil |date=1 March 2014 |title=Foray into Tamil |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-columns/etcetera-foray-into-tamil/article5740249.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220102094719/https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-columns/etcetera-foray-into-tamil/article5740249.ece |archive-date=2 January 2022 |access-date=31 May 2022 |website=The Hindu}}</ref>

==Soundtrack ==
Music by Raghu Ram.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://southmp3.org/malligadu-marriage-bureau-songs/ | title=Malligadu Marriage Bureau Songs Download | Malligadu Marriage Bureau Naa Songs | date=24 March 2020 }}</ref>
*"Marriages Are Made In Heaven" – [[Ranjith (singer)|Ranjiith]]
*"Kanti Reppa Kottesukunde" – [[Vedala Hemachandra]], [[Geetha Madhuri]]
*"Okkasari Oppuko" – Raghu Ram
*"Nallani Katuka" – Dinker, Pranavi

== Reception ==
Ch. Sushil Rao of ''[[The Times of India]]'' said that "Over all, it is a fun movie but for the cinematography. It does not give you the feel that you are watching the big picture. Srikanth slips into his role well and the comedy most of the times is not lost on the audience".<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 February 2014 |title=Malligadu Marriage Bureau Review by The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movie-reviews/malligadu-marriage-bureau/movie-review/30004423.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220421015805/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movie-reviews/malligadu-marriage-bureau/movie-review/30004423.cms |archive-date=21 April 2022 |access-date=31 May 2022 |website=The Times of India}}</ref> A critic from ''[[The Hans India]]'' opined that "The movie is not unique, but a good family entertainer. Srikanth with his stupendous performance dominated all other characters in the movie".<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 February 2014 |title=Malligadu Marriage Bureau Movie Review, Rating |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Cinema/2014-02-07/Malligadu-Marriage-Bureau-Movie-Review-Rating/85058?infinitescroll=1 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220531043320/https://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Cinema/2014-02-07/Malligadu-Marriage-Bureau-Movie-Review-Rating/85058?infinitescroll=1 |archive-date=31 May 2022 |access-date=31 May 2022 |website=The Hans India}}</ref> Ravi Kandala of ''Full Hyderabad'' said that "''Malligadu'' will be forgotten soon, and will surely become a staple on Gemini Movies, that re-runner of mediocre films. You can safely stay away".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kandala |first=Ravi |title=Malligadu Marriage Bureau Review |url=https://movies.fullhyderabad.com/malligadu-marriage-bureau/telugu/malligadu-marriage-bureau-movie-reviews-5867-2.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220421015805/https://movies.fullhyderabad.com/malligadu-marriage-bureau/telugu/malligadu-marriage-bureau-movie-reviews-5867-2.html |archive-date=21 April 2022 |access-date=31 May 2022 |website=Full Hyderabad}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:2014 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:Indian comedy films]]
[[Category:2014 Indian films]]

Aho Vikramaarka

2026-03-03T09:14:30Z

EveMagill33: made basic post v1

{{Short description|2024 Indian Telugu-language film by Peta Trikoti}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2024}}
{{Infobox film
| image = Aho Vikramaarka.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = Peta Trikoti
| screenplay = Peta Trikoti
| story = Penmatsa Prasad Varma
| producer = {{plain list|
* Aarti Devinder Gill
* Meehir Kulkarni
* Ashwini Kumar Misra
}}
| starring = {{plain list|
* [[Dev Gill]]
* [[Chitra Shukla]]
* [[Pravin Tarde]]
* [[Tejaswini Pandit]]
}}
| cinematography = {{plain list|
* [[Karm Chawla]]
* Guru Prasad N.
}}
| editing = Tammiraju
| music = '''Score''' [[Ravi Basrur]] '''Songs''' Ravi Basrur [[Arko Pravo Mukherjee]]
| studio = Dev Gill Productions
| released = {{Film date|2024|08|30|df=y|ref1=}}
| country = India
| language = Telugu
| budget =
| gross =
}}

'''''Aho Vikramaarka''''' is a 2024 Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[Action film|action]] [[Drama (film and television)|drama]] film co-written and directed by Peta Trikoti.<ref>{{Cite news |date=27 August 2024 |title='Aho Vikramaarka' trailer: Dev Gill and Pravin Tarde starrer is high on action-Watch |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/aho-vikramaarka-trailer-dev-gill-and-pravin-tarde-starrer-is-high-on-action-watch/articleshow/112840407.cms |access-date=5 December 2024 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> The film features [[Dev Gill]], [[Chitra Shukla]], [[Pravin Tarde]] and [[Tejaswini Pandit]] in important roles.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Actress Tejaswini Pandit To Make Her Telugu Film Debut With Aho Vikramaarka |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/actress-tejaswini-pandit-to-make-her-telugu-film-debut-with-aho-vikramaarka-9015223.html |access-date=5 December 2024 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref>

The film was released on 30 August 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Features |first=C. E. |date=22 July 2024 |title=Dev Gill-starrer Aho Vikramaarka makers set a release date |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/news/2024/Jul/22/dev-gill-starrer-aho-vikramaarka-makers-set-a-release-date |access-date=5 December 2024 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Producer Dr. Meehir Kulkarni's Film "Aho Vikramaarka" Released on 30th August Across India in 5 Languages |url=https://www.aninews.in/news/business/producer-dr-meehir-kulkarnis-film-aho-vikramaarka-released-on-30th-august-across-india-in-5-languages20240906165930/ |access-date=5 December 2024 |website=ANI News |language=en}}</ref>

== Plot ==
A ruthless cop uncovers a sinister mystery, forcing him into a brutal conflict against the villainous Asura to free enslaved victims

==Cast==
* [[Dev Gill]] as [[inspector]] Vikramaarka Shankar Nagare
* [[Chitra Shukla]] as Archana
* [[Pravin Tarde]] as Asura
* [[Tejaswini Pandit]] as [[Assistant Commissioner of Police|ACP]] Bhawani Shankar Nagare, Vikramaarka's mother
* [[Posani Krishna Murali]]
* [[Bithiri Sathi]]
* [[Sayaji Shinde]] as Sangameshwar, Vikramaaka's adopted father
* [[Prabhakar (actor)|Prabhakar]]
* Vikram Sharma as Uggra
* [[Puja Banerjee]] as item dancer
* [[Ravi Prakash]] as [[inspector]] Shankar Nagare

== Music ==
The background score is composed by [[Ravi Basrur]],<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 August 2024 |title=KGF Composer Ravi Basrur Backs Dev Gill's 'Aho Vikramarka', Releases Kannada Song |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/kannada/kgf-composer-ravi-basrur-backs-dev-gill-s-aho-vikramarka-releases-kannada-song-article-112449604 |access-date=5 December 2024 |website=Times Now |language=en}}</ref> whereas the soundtrack is composed by Ravi Basrur and [[Arko Pravo Mukherjee]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Features |first=C. E. |date=6 August 2024 |title=Aho Vikramaarka makers launch new single 'Archana' |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/news/2024/Aug/06/aho-vikramaarka-makers-launch-new-single-archana |access-date=5 December 2024 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref>

{{Track listing
| headline = Track list
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Aho Vikramaarka - Title Track
| length1 = 1:56
| lyrics1 = Kalyan Chakravarthy
| music1 = [[Ravi Basrur]]
| extra1 = Prudhvi Chandra
| title2 = Archana
| length2 = 3:42
| lyrics2 = Purnachary
| music2 = Ravi Basrur
| extra2 = [[Sri Krishna (singer)|Sri Krishna]]
| title3 = Salma
| length3 = 3:13
| lyrics3 = [[Krishna Kanth]]
| music3 = [[Arko Pravo Mukherjee]]
| extra3 = [[Mohana Bhogaraju]]
| title4 = Amma Song
| length4 = 3:29
| lyrics4 = [[Chandrabose (lyricist)|Chandrabose]]
| music4 = Arko Pravo Mukherjee
| extra4 = [[Kaala Bhairava]]
}}

== Release and reception ==
''Aho Vikramaarka'' was released on 30 August 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Today |first=Telangana |date=24 July 2024 |title=Dev Gill's 'Aho! Vikramarka' releasing on August 30 |url=https://telanganatoday.com/dev-gills-aho-vikramarka-releasing-on-august-30 |access-date=5 December 2024 |website=Telangana Today |language=en}}</ref>

Avad Mohammad of ''[[OTTPlay]]'' rated the film 2 out of 5 and called it "an outdated action drama".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Aho Vikramarka Review: The Dev Gill starrer is loud, boring, and a huge mess |url=https://www.ottplay.com/review/aho-vikramarka-review-the-dev-gill-starrer-is-loud-boring-and-is-a-huge-mess/8a60147ad5982 |access-date=5 December 2024 |website=OTTPlay |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
<references />

== External links ==
*{{IMDb title}}

[[Category:2024 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:2024 Indian films]]
[[Category:2024 films]]
[[Category:Indian action drama films]]
[[Category:2024 action drama films]]
[[Category:Films set in Pune]]
[[Category:Films shot in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Films shot in Hyderabad, India]]

Dear Death

2026-03-03T02:32:20Z

EveMagill33: new new data!

{{No plot|date=March 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2022}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Dear Death
| image = Dear Death.jpg
| caption = Promotional poster
| director = Prem Kumar
| producer = Sathish Nagarajan
| writer = Sridhar Venkatesan
| starring = {{plainlist|
*[[Santhosh Prathap]]
*Jay
*Smruthi
}}
| music = Naveen Annamalai
| cinematography = Ashok Swaminathan
| editing = Sridhar Venkatesan
| studio = SNR Films
| distributor =
| runtime =
| released = {{Film date|df=y|2023|01|06}}
| country = India
| language = Tamil
}}
'''''Dear Death''''' is a 2023 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[romantic drama film]] directed by Prem Kumar and starring [[Santhosh Prathap]], Jay and Smruthi in the lead roles. It was released on 6 January 2023.

==Cast==
{{cast listing|
*[[Santhosh Prathap]] as Death
*Jay
*Smruthi
*Venkatesan
*Sathish
*Sridhar Venkatesan
*Muthamil
*Juvi Arthi
*Sai Jeevitha
*Rakesh Karthik
*Mani Bose
*Mithun Rudran
*Sriram G.
}}

==Production==
The film was written by Sridhar Venkatesan, who had earlier made films such as ''[[6 Athiyayam]]'' (2018) and ''[[Yen Peyar Anandhan]]'' (2020). He used the concept of showcasing the concept of 'death' as on-screen character, and used it as a hyperlink between four separate stories shown in the film.<ref>{{Cite web |date=29 August 2022 |title=Santhosh Prathap's next titled Dear Death |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2022/aug/29/santhosh-prathaps-next-titled-dear-death-34197.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221225191003/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2022/aug/29/santhosh-prathaps-next-titled-dear-death-34197.html |archive-date=25 December 2022 |access-date=22 January 2023 |website=[[Cinema Express]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Vijay Sethupathi launches poster of Santhosh Prathap's 'Dear Death' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/vijay-sethupathi-launches-poster-of-santhosh-prathaps-dear-death/articleshow/93857621.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221229144129/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/vijay-sethupathi-launches-poster-of-santhosh-prathaps-dear-death/articleshow/93857621.cms |archive-date=29 December 2022 |access-date=22 January 2023 |work=The Times of India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Vijay Sethupathi launches poster of Santhosh Prathap's 'Dear Death' | சந்தோஷ் பிரதாப் நடிக்கும் புதிய படத்தின் பர்ஸ்ட்லுக் போஸ்டர் மற்றும் டைட்டில் வெளியீடு |url=https://www.dailythanthi.com/app-lite/Cinema/CinemaNews/vijay-sethupathi-launches-poster-of-santhosh-prathaps-dear-death-780475 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230123064732/https://www.dailythanthi.com/app-lite/Cinema/CinemaNews/vijay-sethupathi-launches-poster-of-santhosh-prathaps-dear-death-780475 |archive-date=23 January 2023 |access-date=22 January 2023 |website=www.dailythanthi.com}}</ref> Production on the film was completed by September 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dear death : தனது புதிய படத்தை வெற்றிகரமாக முடித்த சந்தோஷ் பிரதான் …! |url=https://tamil.samayam.com/tamil-cinema/dear-death-santhosh-pradhan-who-successfully-completed-his-new-film-/articleshow/94148397.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230123064731/https://tamil.samayam.com/tamil-cinema/dear-death-santhosh-pradhan-who-successfully-completed-his-new-film-/articleshow/94148397.cms |archive-date=23 January 2023 |access-date=22 January 2023 |website=Samayam Tamil}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Santhosh :மரணத்தின் தலைவனான சந்தோஷ் பிராதான்….! புதிய படத்தின் ஃபர்ஸ்ட்லுக் வெளியிடு …! |url=https://tamil.samayam.com/tamil-cinema/santhosh-santhosh-pradhan-the-leader-of-death-release-the-first-look-of-the-new-film-/articleshow/93849615.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230123064732/https://tamil.samayam.com/tamil-cinema/santhosh-santhosh-pradhan-the-leader-of-death-release-the-first-look-of-the-new-film-/articleshow/93849615.cms |archive-date=23 January 2023 |access-date=22 January 2023 |website=Samayam Tamil}}</ref>

The makers attempted to release the film on 30 December 2022, and held a press show earlier that week, but the film was eventually delayed by a week owing to a lack of screens.<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 December 2022 |title=இறப்பின் சிறப்பை சொல்லும் டியர் டெத் | Santhosh prathap's next film Dear Death |url=https://cinema.dinamalar.com/tamil-news/110166/cinema/Kollywood/Santhosh-prathap%27s-next-film-Dear-Death.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230123064738/https://cinema.dinamalar.com/tamil-news/110166/cinema/Kollywood/Santhosh-prathap%27s-next-film-Dear-Death.htm |archive-date=23 January 2023 |access-date=22 January 2023 |website=தினமலர் - சினிமா}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=மலர் |first=மாலை |date=26 December 2022 |title=இறப்பு கம்பீரமானது என சொல்லும் 'டியர் டெத்' |url=https://www.maalaimalar.com/cinema/cinemanews/tamil-cinema-dear-death-movie-update-553257 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221226071205/https://www.maalaimalar.com/cinema/cinemanews/tamil-cinema-dear-death-movie-update-553257 |archive-date=26 December 2022 |access-date=22 January 2023 |website=www.maalaimalar.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=நடிகர் சந்தோஷ் பிரதாப் நடிக்கும் 'டியர் டெத்' படத்தின் வெளியீட்டு திகதி அறிவிப்பு |url=https://www.virakesari.lk/article/144202 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221227063020/https://www.virakesari.lk/article/144202 |archive-date=27 December 2022 |access-date=22 January 2023 |website=Virakesari.lk}}</ref>

==Reception==
The film was released on 6 January 2023 across Tamil Nadu. A critic form ''[[Thinaboomi]]'' gave the film a positive review, praising the film's concept.<ref>{{Cite web |title=டியர் டெத் விமர்சனம் |url=https://www.thinaboomi.com/2023/01/02/190118.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230119151218/https://www.thinaboomi.com/2023/01/02/190118.html |archive-date=19 January 2023 |access-date=22 January 2023}}</ref> A reviewer from ''[[Thanthi TV]]'' also presented a favourable review of the film.<ref>{{Cite web |last=டிவி |first=தந்தி |date=6 January 2023 |title=மரணங்கள் பற்றி பேசுகிறதா 'டியர் டெத் ' படம் எப்படி இருக்கு? |url=https://www.thanthitv.com/latest-news/dear-death-movie-review-160410 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230123064733/https://www.thanthitv.com/latest-news/dear-death-movie-review-160410 |archive-date=23 January 2023 |access-date=22 January 2023 |website=www.thanthitv.com}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb title|25134664}}

[[Category:2023 films]]
[[Category:2023 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:2023 Indian films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]

Sharmila Nicollet

2026-02-28T10:40:06Z

EveMagill33: put up a entry

{{short description|Indian professional golfer}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2020}}
{{Infobox golfer
| name = Sharmila Nicollet
| image =
| image_size = 
| caption =
| fullname =
| nickname = Cherie, Nico, Shamz
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1991|3|12|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Bangalore, India]]
| death_date = 
| death_place =
| height = {{height|m=1.81|precision=0}}
| weight =
| nationality = {{IND}}
| residence = Bangalore, India
| spouse =
| partner =
| children =
| college =
| yearpro = 2009
| retired = 
| tour = Women's Golf Association of India [[Ladies European Tour]]
| extour = 
| prowins = 11
| lpgawins = 
| letwins = 
| jlpgawins = 
| klpgawins = 
| lagtwins = 
| alpgwins = 
| futwins = 
| otherwins = 
| majorwins = 
| nabisco = 
| lpga = 
| wusopen = 
| wbritopen = 
| evian = 
| wghofid = 
| wghofyear = 
| award1 = Lady golfer of the year (IGULS)
| year1 = 2007
| award2 = Player of the Year (WGAI)
| year2 = 2010
| awardssection = 
}}
'''Sharmila Nicollet''' (born 12 March 1991) is an Indian [[professional golfer]] from [[Bangalore, India]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://photogallery.indiatimes.com/sports/golf/sharmila-nicollet-is-the-glamorous-face-of-indian-golf/articleshow/71166733.cms|title=Sharmila Nicollet is the glamorous face of Indian golf|website=photogallery.indiatimes.com|access-date=18 September 2019|archive-date=2 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602130950/https://photogallery.indiatimes.com/sports/golf/sharmila-nicollet-is-the-glamorous-face-of-indian-golf/articleshow/71166733.cms|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Early years==
Nicollet was born in Bangalore. Her father Marc Nicollet is French and her mother Surekha Nicollet is from Bangalore. Surekha is a perfumist and has her own Padmini Aroma Ltd in Bangalore while Marc is a software professional.<ref name=autogenerated2>{{Cite web |url=http://www.educationworldonline.net/index.php/page-article-choice-more-id-575 |title=Educationworldonline.net |access-date=30 August 2012 |archive-date=4 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304030623/http://www.educationworldonline.net/index.php/page-article-choice-more-id-575 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news| url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/golf/top-stories/Sharmila-wants-to-play-for-India-in-2016-Olympics/articleshow/5328577.cms | archive-url=https://archive.today/20130103092306/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-12-12/top-stories/28108835_1_sharmila-nicollet-perfume-short-game | url-status=live | archive-date=2013-01-03 | work=[[The Times of India]] | title=Sharmila wants to play for India in 2016 Olympics}}</ref>

Nicollet did her schooling in [[Bishop Cotton Girls' School]] and [[Bangalore International School]] finishing her 10th grade and 12th grade privately. She is now pursuing a degree privately as well.<ref name=autogenerated2 /><ref name=autogenerated3>[http://www.matpal.com/2012/03/sharmila-nicollet-biography.html Sharmila Nicollet [Biography] ~ Matpal]</ref><ref name="WGA">{{cite web | url=http://www.wgai.co.in/profile/SharmilaNicollet.htm | title=Sharmila Nicollet | publisher=Women's Golf Association of India | access-date=26 August 2012 | archive-date=26 August 2012 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120826015639/http://www.wgai.co.in/profile/SharmilaNicollet.htm | url-status=dead }}</ref>

Nicollet pursued golf in 2002 at the age of 11. She won her first tournament at the age of 15.<ref name=autogenerated3 /><ref name="7cs" /> She is a former national sub-junior swimming champ with over 72 gold and silver medals won in state and national aquatic meets (1997 to 2001). She was a state level athlete as well, making records at Bishop Cotton Girls School where she studied.<ref name=autogenerated2 /><ref name="WGA" /><ref name="7cs">{{cite web | url=http://7csgolf.com/articles/?p=1677#more-1677 | title=Indian Starlet Nicollet Brings The 'Bling' And The Game | publisher=7Cs Golf | date=20 July 2011 | access-date=26 August 2012 | author=Curti, Chuck | archive-date=13 March 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230313173214/http://7csgolf.com/articles/?p=1677#more-1677 | url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Career==

===Amateur===
Nicollet has represented [[India at the Asian Games]] at Doha 2006 and in Asia Pacific Junior Golf Tournament, played at the [[Callaway Junior World Golf Championships]] in San Diego, the [[Queen Sirikit Cup]] at Japan, the Malaysian Open and other international tournaments.{{citation needed|date=August 2012}}

Nicollet was also the youngest lady golfer to win the All-India Ladies Amateur Championship in 2007–2008, along with seven Open Amateur Tournaments.<ref name=autogenerated1>{{Cite web |url=http://wgai.co.in/profile/SharmilaNicollet.htm |title=Sharmila Nicollet |access-date=30 August 2012 |archive-date=13 December 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171213034106/http://wgai.co.in/profile/SharmilaNicollet.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Nicollet partnered with England's [[Laura Davies]] as a 16-year-old amateur during a special Emaar – MGF Challenge Match ahead of the 2007 Ladies European Tour event that was held in India. Davies commented that, "from my experience, Sharmila has all the potential to be a good player." Her present coach Tarun Sardesai, and past coach Gaurav Diwan from KGA feel that she has the talent to achieve great things because of her natural aptitude for the game.<ref>[http://thegolfgirl.blogspot.in/2007/12/golf-girls-in-bangalore.html Golf Girl's Diary: Golf Girls in Bangalore]</ref>

===Professional===
Nicollet turned professional in 2009 when she was 18 years old.<ref name="indiatoday" /> She is the youngest Indian golfer to qualify for [[Ladies European Tour]]. She is the second Indian to earn a full card on the Ladies European Tour.<ref>[http://www.deccanherald.com/content/223278/sharmila-targets-tour-title.html Sharmila targets tour title]</ref>

Nicollet won the 2009–2010 Order of Merit on the Women's Golf Association of India and then five further events to finish on top of the 2010–2011 Order of Merit.<ref name="7cs" /> She finished the top Indian golfer at T22, at the 2011 [[Hero Honda Women's Indian Open]], with the lowest score of the day in the final round.<ref name=autogenerated1 /><ref name="indiatoday">{{cite web | url=https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/golf/story/sharmila-nicollet-indian-golf-ladies-european-tour-90435-2012-01-20 | title=Golfer Sharmila Nicollet aims big in Europe | work=India Today| date=21 January 2012 | access-date=26 August 2012 | author=Bilali, Shaghil}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://wgai.co.in/statistics.htm |title=Indian Women's Golf News – Amateur Sports News – Amateur Golf News |access-date=30 August 2012 |archive-date=24 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180824195729/http://wgai.co.in/statistics.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> She has a total of 11 wins on the Women's Golf Association of India.

She finally qualified with a full tour card for the Ladies European Tour in 2012, being the youngest Indian golfer to qualify.<ref name="GW">{{cite web | url=http://www.golfingworld.tv/videos/1021153905001/1702453918001/sharmila-nicollet-india-s-rising-superstar | title=Sharmila Nicollet – India's Rising Superstar | publisher=Golfing World | access-date=26 August 2012 | archive-date=31 August 2012 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120831040832/http://www.golfingworld.tv/videos/1021153905001/1702453918001/sharmila-nicollet-india-s-rising-superstar | url-status=dead }}</ref>

Nicollet was the champion of the Hero-KGA tournament in 2012,<ref name="times">{{cite news |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-08-24/top-stories/33366001_1_sharmila-nicollet-nalini-singh-siwach-hero-kga |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130103113656/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-08-24/top-stories/33366001_1_sharmila-nicollet-nalini-singh-siwach-hero-kga |url-status=dead |archive-date=3 January 2013 |title=Sharmila Nicollet beat Vani Kapoor in play-off to win Hero-KGA pro golf |date=24 August 2012 |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=26 August 2012}}</ref> and the Hero-WPGT in 2015.<ref name="thehindu">{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/sport/other-sports/hero-womens-professional-golf-tour-championship-sharmila-nicollet-claims-her-first-title-of-the-year/article7616044.ece?homepage=true&w=ma446 |title=Sharmila claims her first title of the year|work=The Hindu|date= 4 September 2015 |access-date=4 September 2015}}</ref>

==Personal life==
Nicollet is dating American [[track and field]] sprinter [[Kenny Bednarek]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/athletics/news-who-kenny-bednarek-s-girlfriend-sharmila-nicollet-everything-know-indian-golfer-french-origin |title=Who is Kenny Bednarek's girlfriend Sharmila Nicollet? Everything to know about the Indian golfer who is French origin |date=18 January 2024 |access-date=7 August 2024 |work=Sportskeeda}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{LadiesEuroTour player|130282}}
*{{WWGR|3095}}
*[http://wgai.co.in/profile/SharmilaNicollet.htm Profile at Women's Golf Association of India] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171213034106/http://wgai.co.in/profile/SharmilaNicollet.htm |date=13 December 2017 }}
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XGoIqrR3UXM Sharmila Is India's Highest Ranked Women's Golfer – Indiaecho.com, video]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Nicollet, Sharmila}}
[[Category:Indian female golfers]]
[[Category:Ladies European Tour golfers]]
[[Category:Golfers at the 2006 Asian Games]]
[[Category:Asian Games competitors for India]]
[[Category:Golfers from Karnataka]]
[[Category:Sportspeople from Bengaluru]]
[[Category:Sportswomen from Karnataka]]
[[Category:Indian people of French descent]]
[[Category:1991 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian sportswomen]]

Uday Kiran

2026-02-25T06:17:57Z

EveMagill33:

{{short description|Indian film actor}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2016}}{{Family name hatnote|Vajapeyajula|lang=Telugu}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Uday Kiran
| image = Udaykiran.jpg
| caption = Uday Kiran in 2009
| birth_name = Vajapeyajula Uday Kiran<ref>{{cite web |title=Telugu actor V Uday Kiran's death was suicide: forensic report |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/regional/telugu-actor-v-uday-kirans-death-was-suicide-forensic-report/ |website=[[The Indian Express]] |date=22 August 2014}}</ref>
| birth_date = {{birth date|1980|06|26|df=yes}}<ref name=":1"/><ref name=indtoday/>
| birth_place = [[Hyderabad]], [[Andhra Pradesh]], India (now in [[Telangana]], India)
| death_date = {{death date and age|2014|01|05|1980|06|26|df=yes}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://filmcircle.com/uday-kiran-dies-orphan/ |title=Hero Uday Kiran Death. |publisher=filmcircle.com |access-date=6 January 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140107085140/http://filmcircle.com/uday-kiran-dies-orphan/ |archive-date=7 January 2014 }}</ref>
| death_place = Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India (now in Telangana, India)
| occupation = Actor
| credits = ''[[Chitram]]'' (2000) ''[[Nuvvu Nenu]]'' (2001) ''[[Manasantha Nuvve]]'' (2001) ''[[Nee Sneham]]'' (2002)
| spouse = {{marriage| Vishitha |2012}}
}}

'''Vajapeyajula Uday Kiran,''' better known as '''Uday Kiran''' (26 June 1980 – 5 January 2014) was an Indian actor who primarily worked in [[Telugu cinema]] and has acted in some [[Tamil language|Tamil]] films. His first three films, ''[[Chitram]]'' (2000), ''[[Nuvvu Nenu]]'' (2001), and ''[[Manasantha Nuvve]]'' (2001) were successful at the box office, earning him the title "Hat-trick Hero".<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.hindu.com/fr/2003/11/07/stories/2003110701080800.htm | location=Chennai, India | title=I, Me, Myself - Uday Kiran | date=2003-11-07 | access-date=30 December 2010 | archive-date=10 January 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140110081506/http://www.hindu.com/fr/2003/11/07/stories/2003110701080800.htm | work=[[The Hindu]] | url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |author=M. L. Narasimham |url=http://www.thehindu.com/arts/cinema/article104963.ece |title=Arts / Cinema : Heart-warming tale |work=The Hindu |date=2010-02-12 |access-date=2012-10-20 |location=Chennai, India |archive-date=23 October 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121023051146/http://www.thehindu.com/arts/cinema/article104963.ece |url-status=live }}</ref> The three films, all love stories, earned him a 'Lover Boy' image in the early 2000s. Even till today in social media, he is often referred to as "Evergreen Star".<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=7 January 2014 |title='Depressed', Telugu actor Uday Kiran commits suicide |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/140106/news-current-affairs/article/telugu-actor-uday-kiran-commits-suicide |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140109071320/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/140106/news-current-affairs/article/telugu-actor-uday-kiran-commits-suicide |url-status=dead |archive-date=9 January 2014 |access-date=2022-09-07 |website=[[Deccan Chronicle]] |language=en}}</ref>

In 2001, he won the [[Filmfare Award for Best Actor - Telugu]] for ''Nuvvu Nenu'', and became the youngest winner in the category.<ref>{{cite news |date=6 April 2002 |title=Nuvvu Nenu wins 4 Filmfare awards |work=[[The Times of India]] |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/Nuvvu-Nenu-wins-4-Filmfare-awards/articleshow/6011249.cms |url-status=live |access-date=30 June 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201075354/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/Nuvvu-Nenu-wins-4-Filmfare-awards/articleshow/6011249.cms?referral=PM |archive-date=1 February 2015}}</ref> Subsequently, he acted in successful [[Romance film|romantic]] films ''[[Kalusukovalani]]'' (2002) and ''[[Nee Sneham]]'' (2002). He also starred in the films ''[[Sreeram]]'' (2002) and ''[[Avunanna Kadanna]]'' (2005).

In 2006, he made his [[Tamil cinema|Tamil]] debut with the film ''[[Poi (film)|Poi]]'', directed by veteran director [[K. Balachander]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Narasimham |first=M. L. |date=24 February 2006 |title=A new dawn for Uday |url=http://hinduonnet.com/thehindu/fr/2006/02/24/stories/2006022401910100.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100809115236/http://hinduonnet.com/thehindu/fr/2006/02/24/stories/2006022401910100.htm |archive-date=9 August 2010 |access-date=7 September 2022 |website=The Hindu}}</ref> Most of his films post-2005 like ''[[Nuvvekkadunte Nenakkadunta]]'' (2012), ''[[Jai Sriram]]'' (2013) were not commercially successful.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-01-07 |title=Telugu film actor ends life |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/content/378985/telugu-film-actor-ends-life.html |access-date=2022-09-07 |website=[[Deccan Herald]] |language=en |quote=Uday Kiran’s career was on slide, with six big flops in recent years.}}</ref><ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=6 January 2014 |title=Tollywood Hero Uday Kiran Commits Suicide by Hanging Himself |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Cinema/2014-01-06/Tollywood-Hero-Uday-Kiran-Commits-Suicide-by-Hanging-Himself/81523 |access-date=2022-09-07 |website=[[The Hans India]] |language=en |quote=Uday Kiran is facing tough situation in his career as his movies are not faring well at the box office. His last release was ‘Jai Sriram’ which was a big flop. There were six big flops in his career in both Telugu and Tamil.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-06-15 |title=From Uday Kiran to Ranganath, Telugu actors who died by suicide over the years |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/from-uday-kiran-to-ranganath-telugu-actors-who-died-by-suicide-over-the-years/photostory/76383323.cms |access-date=2022-09-07 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref> Uday Kiran died by suicide at his home in [[Hyderabad]] in January 2014.<ref name="toinews" />

==Early life==
Vajapeyajula Uday Kiran was born in a [[Brahmin]] family<ref>{{Cite web|date=2014-01-07|title=Big '4' blamed for Uday Kiran suicide|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/140107/news-current-affairs/article/big-4%E2%80%99-blamed-uday-kiran-suicide-0|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140108064444/http://deccanchronicle.com/140107/news-current-affairs/article/big-4%E2%80%99-blamed-uday-kiran-suicide-0|url-status=dead|archive-date=8 January 2014|access-date=2022-01-02|website=Deccan Chronicle|language=en}}</ref> on 26 June 1980 to Vajapeyajula K. Murthy and Nirmala of [[Vijayawada]].<ref name="indtoday">[http://www.indtoday.com/tollywood-actor-uday-kiran-commits-suicide/ "Tollywood actor Uday Kiran commits suicide"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141023065707/http://www.indtoday.com/tollywood-actor-uday-kiran-commits-suicide/|date=23 October 2014}}. Intoday. 6 January 2014.</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2014-01-07|title=All you need to know about Telugu film actor Uday Kiran |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/all-you-need-to-know-about-telugu-film-actor-uday-kiran-1324447.html|access-date=2021-03-16|website=Firstpost}}</ref> He did his schooling from K V Picket School and graduated from [[Wesley Degree College, Secunderabad]].<ref>{{cite news|date=1980-06-26|title=Uday Kiran - Videos, Wallpapers, Movies, Photos, Biography|publisher=Cinecurry|url=http://www.cinecurry.com/celebzone/telugu/udaykiran|url-status=dead|access-date=2012-10-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120308191537/http://www.cinecurry.com/celebzone/telugu/udaykiran|archive-date=8 March 2012}}</ref>

He had an elder brother and has an elder sister, Sridevi. His mother died in the year 2006. Singer Parnika is his maternal cousin.{{citation needed|date=August 2021}}

==Career==
Kiran started modelling while he was in college. He made his film debut in the [[Hinglish]] film ''[[Mysterious Girl (film)|Mysterious Girl]]'' (1999), which remained unreleased for a few years.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ogirala|first=Mohan Rao|date=23 July 2002|title=I've to shed the lover boy image: Uday|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/hyderabad-times/Ive-to-shed-the-lover-boy-image-Uday/articleshow/16808276.cms|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201011221905/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/hyderabad-times/Ive-to-shed-the-lover-boy-image-Uday/articleshow/16808276.cms|archive-date=11 October 2020|website=The Times of India}}</ref> In 2000, Kiran made his Telugu debut under his mentor, cinematographer turned film director [[Teja (film director)|Teja]] with the film ''[[Chitram]]'', in which he played the 17-year-old lead character.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.telugucinema.com/c/publish/moviereviews/nuvvunenu.php |title=Reviews : Movie Reviews : Nuvvu Nenu |website=[[Telugucinema.com]] |access-date=2012-10-20 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120324235100/http://www.telugucinema.com/c/publish/moviereviews/nuvvunenu.php |archive-date=24 March 2012 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>

This film, followed by two other films, ''[[Nuvvu Nenu]]'' and ''[[Manasantha Nuvve]]'', made him among the very few actors in [[Telugu cinema]] to deliver three consecutive successful films. His performance as a hot-blooded youngster in ''Nuvvu Nenu'' won him the [[Filmfare Best Actor Award (Telugu)]] in the year 2001.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/Nuvvu-Nenu-wins-4-Filmfare-awards/articleshow/6011249.cms|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120921025343/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2002-04-06/hyderabad/27122602_1_filmfare-film-award-actor-award|url-status=live|archive-date=21 September 2012|work=[[The Times of India]]|title=Nuvvu Nenu wins 4 Filmfare awards|date=6 April 2002}}</ref>

In his fourth film, ''[[Kalusukovalani]]'', he displayed his dancing skills through the songs, "Udayinchina" and "Cheliya Cheliya".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.idlebrain.com/movie/archive/mr-kalusukovalani.html|title=Movie review - Kalusukovalani|last=Jeevi|work=[[Idlebrain.com]]|date=8 February 2002}}</ref> In his fifth film, ''[[Sreeram]]'', he ventured into an action-oriented story of a youngster aspiring to become a top cop. 2002 saw him in ''[[Nee Sneham]]'', another blockbuster movie of that year for which he was nominated for [[Filmfare Best Actor Award (Telugu)]] for the second time.

In 2005, he ventured into Tamil with the film ''[[Poi (film)|Poi]]'' directed by [[K. Balachander]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2006/dec/26poi.htm|title=Poi: Disappointing|website=Rediff.com|access-date=5 August 2018}}</ref> He then did two more films, ''[[Vambu Sandai]]'' and ''[[Pen Singam]]'' in [[Tamil language|Tamil]], the latter being the story penned by [[M. Karunanidhi]]; both of the films went unnoticed.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://movies.rediff.com/report/2010/jun/03/south-tamil-movie-review-pen-singam.htm|title=Penn Singam falls flat|work=Rediff}}</ref>

He made a comeback with ''[[Viyyalavari Kayyalu]]'' (2007) and ''[[Gunde Jhallumandi]]'' (2008).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://specials.rediff.com/movies/2008/dec/22slde3-top-telugu-actors-2008.htm|title=Top Telugu actors, 2008|first=Radhika|last=Rajamani|date=22 December 2008|work=[[Rediff.com]]}}</ref> Kiran last appeared in the 2013 film ''[[Jai Sriram]]''.<ref>{{cite web|date=2012-12-20|title=Jai Sriram - Movie review|url=http://www.sakshipost.com/index.php/entertainment/trailers-reviews/16439-jai-sriram-movie-review|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130616024425/http://www.sakshipost.com/index.php/entertainment/trailers-reviews/16439-jai-sriram-movie-review|archive-date=16 June 2013|access-date=2013-04-13|publisher=Sakshi Post|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Uday Kiran's 'Jai Sriram' Platinu disc function - Telugu Movie News|url=http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/telugu/article/92638.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140217222042/http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/telugu/article/92638.html|archive-date=17 February 2014|access-date=2013-04-13|website=IndiaGlitz.com}}</ref> A reviewer from ''[[The Times of India]]'' wrote, "From being a chubby lover boy with dimples showing on his cheeks to a man with muscles, Uday Kiran has metamorphosed as an actor. Such is his complete transformation that one is tempted to draw parallels to [[Nana Patekar]]".<ref>{{cite news |date= |title=Jai Sriram movie review |work=The Times of India |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/movie-review/19494812.cms |url-status=live |access-date=2013-04-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130417110011/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/movie-review/19494812.cms |archive-date=17 April 2013}}</ref>

==Personal life==
Kiran was engaged to [[Chiranjeevi]]'s daughter Sushmitha in 2003,<ref>{{cite news|date=2013-04-18|title=Uday Kiran gets engaged to Chiru's daughter today|publisher=timesofindia.com|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad-times/Uday-Kiran-gets-engaged-to-Chirus-daughter-today/articleshow/43719729.cms|url-status=live|access-date=15 June 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140110220814/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad-times/Uday-Kiran-gets-engaged-to-Chirus-daughter-today/articleshow/43719729.cms|archive-date=10 January 2014}}</ref> but the engagement was called off.<ref>{{cite news|date=2013-07-01|title=Incompatibility hits star wedding|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2003-07-03/hyderabad/27189565_1_chiranjeevi-wedding-allu-aravind|url-status=dead|access-date=15 June 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140106032106/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2003-07-03/hyderabad/27189565_1_chiranjeevi-wedding-allu-aravind|work=[[The Times of India]]|archive-date=6 January 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Marriage is not a priority now: Uday Kiran|website=[[Sify]]|url=http://www.sify.com/movies/telugu/interview.php?id=13252967&cid=2410|url-status=dead|access-date=15 June 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140110135550/http://www.sify.com/movies/telugu/interview.php?id=13252967&cid=2410|archive-date=10 January 2014}}</ref> He married Vishitha on 24 October 2012.<ref>{{cite news|date=2012-10-11|title=Uday Kiran Marriage on October 24th|publisher=Gulte.com|url=http://www.gulte.com/movienews/11366/Uday-Kiran-finds-his-Life-Partner|url-status=live|access-date=2012-10-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121013203526/http://www.gulte.com/movienews/11366/Uday-Kiran-finds-his-Life-Partner|archive-date=13 October 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=2007-09-15|title=Metro Plus Visakhapatnam / Cinema : Uday Kiran to go by viability|work=[[The Hindu]]|location=Chennai, India|url=http://www.hindu.com/mp/2007/09/15/stories/2007091550670100.htm|url-status=dead|access-date=2013-04-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121109081323/http://www.hindu.com/mp/2007/09/15/stories/2007091550670100.htm|archive-date=9 November 2012}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite news |last=Ramu |first=Marri |date=2014-01-06 |title=Telugu actor Uday Kiran "ends life" |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/telugu-actor-uday-kiran-ends-life/article5544048.ece |access-date=2022-09-07 |issn=0971-751X |quote=Kiran was born on January 26, 1980. The 33-year-old actor ended his life 20 days ahead of his 34th birthday.}}</ref>

==Death==
Kiran died on 5 January 2014 by [[suicide by hanging]] at his apartment in [[Srinagar colony|Srinagar Colony]], Hyderabad. He was 33.<ref name="toinews" /> No suicide note was found. The investigating [[Banjara Hills]] police suspected financial problems to be cause and a case of suspicious death was registered.<ref name="toinews">{{cite news |title=Actor Uday Kiran commits suicide |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/actor-uday-kiran-commits-suicide/articleshow/28485659.cms |work=The Times of India |date=7 January 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=2014-01-06|title=Telugu actor Uday Kiran commits suicide|url=http://www.chennaivision.com/news/2014/64098.php|url-status=dead|access-date=2014-01-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140109185832/http://www.chennaivision.com/news/2014/64098.php|archive-date=9 January 2014|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Kiran had suffered from depression due to financial crisis for almost a year.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/140109/news-current-affairs/article/uday-kiran-had-severe-financial-crisis |title=Uday Kiran had severe financial crisis |date=9 January 2014 |access-date=10 January 2014 |archive-date=9 January 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140109220104/http://deccanchronicle.com/140109/news-current-affairs/article/uday-kiran-had-severe-financial-crisis |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ibtimes.co.in/articles/533244/20140107/uday-kiran-death-blamegame-actor-suicide-ripudaykiran.htm |title=Uday Kiran's Shocking Death: Advocate Blames 'Four' Big Tollywood Camps for Actor's Suicide - International Business Times |website=[[International Business Times]] |date=7 January 2014 |access-date=10 January 2014 |archive-date=10 January 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140110134456/http://www.ibtimes.co.in/articles/533244/20140107/uday-kiran-death-blamegame-actor-suicide-ripudaykiran.htm |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news-interviews/The-curious-case-of-Uday-Kiran-the-Big-4/articleshow/28518412.cms |title=The curious case of Uday Kiran & the ‘Big 4’ |access-date=10 January 2014 |archive-date=10 January 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140110133411/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2014-01-07/news-interviews/45953960_1_uday-kiran-state-human-rights-commission-tollywood |work=[[The Times of India]] |url-status=live }}</ref>

On 6 January 2014, Kiran's body was kept at the Andhra Pradesh Film Chamber of Commerce and several film personalities including [[Dasari Narayana Rao]], [[D. Ramanaidu]], [[Venkatesh (actor)|Venkatesh]], [[D Suresh Babu]], [[Meka Srikanth|Srikanth]], [[Sivaji (Telugu actor)|Shivaji]], [[Tanikella Bharani]], [[Chalapathi Rao]], [[Tammareddy Bharadwaja]], (ex) MLA [[Jaya Sudha]], [[Paruchuri Gopala Krishna]], [[Paruchuri Venkateswara Rao]], [[Shivaji Raja]], [[Anup Rubens]], Samadra, Kadambari Kiran, [[Sunil (actor)|Sunil]] and [[Anita Hassanandani|Anita]] were among those who paid their last respects to the actor, before the body was taken to the cremation grounds.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/tabloid/uday-kiran-s-death-suspicious-case-police/article1-1169813.aspx |title=Uday Kiran's death suspicious case: police - Hindustan Times |access-date=10 January 2014 |archive-date=2 February 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140202223701/http://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/tabloid/uday-kiran-s-death-suspicious-case-police/article1-1169813.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref> According to [[Andhra Pradesh Police]], a young fan of Kiran allegedly committed suicide by hanging himself from a tree at Komatapalli junction in Bobbili sub-division in Vizianagaram.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ndtv.com/article/south/upset-over-uday-kiran-s-suicide-fan-ends-life-469429 |title=Upset over Uday Kiran's suicide, fan ends life {{!}} NDTV.com |access-date=10 January 2014 |archive-date=10 January 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140110133900/http://www.ndtv.com/article/south/upset-over-uday-kiran-s-suicide-fan-ends-life-469429 |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Filmography==
{{pending films key}}
* ''All films are in Telugu, unless otherwise noted.''

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Title
! Role
! class="unsortable" | Notes
|-
| 2000 || ''[[Chitram]]''|| Ramana || Debut film
|-
| rowspan="2" |2001 || ''[[Nuvvu Nenu]]''|| Ravi ||
|-
| ''[[Manasantha Nuvve]]'' || Chanti (Venu) ||
|-
| rowspan="4" |2002 || ''[[Kalusukovalani]]'' || Ravi ||
|-
| ''[[Sreeram]]'' || Sreeram ||
|-
| ''[[Holi (2002 film)|Holi]]'' || Kiran ||
|-
| ''[[Nee Sneham]]'' || Madhav ||
|-
| 2003
|''[[Neeku Nenu Naaku Nuvvu]]'' || Anand || Also playback singer for "Goal Goal"
|-
| 2004 || ''[[Love Today (2004 film)|Love Today]]'' || Shiva ||
|-
| 2005 || ''[[Avunanna Kaadanna]]'' || Ramu ||
|-
| 2006 || ''[[Poi (film)|Poi]]'' || Kamban ||Tamil debut film
|-
| 2007 || ''[[Viyyalavari Kayyalu]]'' || Vamsi ||
|-
| rowspan="3" |2008|| ''[[Vambuchanda]]'' || Prabhakaran ||Tamil film
|-
| ''[[Gunde Jhallumandi]]'' || Balraju (Rajesh) ||
|-
| ''[[Ekaloveyudu]]'' || Karthik ||
|-
| 2010 || ''[[Pen Singam]]'' || Surya ||Tamil film
|-
| rowspan="2"|2012 || ''[[Nuvvekaddunte Nenakkadunta]]'' || Hari ||
|-
| ''[[Mysterious Girl (film)|Mysterious Girl]]'' || Gautam || [[Hinglish]] film; released in Telugu as ''Jodi No.1'' in 2003
|-
| 2013 || ''[[Jai Sriram]]'' ||Sriram Srinivas ||
|-
| {{TBA}} || {{pending film|[[Chitram Cheppina Katha]]}} || Karthik|| Unreleased
|-
|}

== Awards ==
;[[Filmfare Awards South]]
*2001 – [[Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Telugu|Best Actor]] – ''[[Nuvvu Nenu]]'' – Won
*2002 – [[Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Telugu|Best Actor]] – ''[[Nee Sneham]]'' – Nominated

; AP Cinegoers Awards
* 2001 - Special Commendation jury award for best actor- ''[[Nuvvu Nenu]]''<ref>{{Cite web |title=AP Cinegoers' Association 32nd Annual Film Awards - 2001 |url=https://www.idlebrain.com/news/functions/apcinegoers.html |access-date=2025-01-09 |website=www.idlebrain.com}}</ref>
* 2002 - Special Jury award for best performance - ''[[Nee Sneham]]''<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.idlebrain.com/news/2000march20/cinegoers2002.html | title=Telugu cinema news - AP cine goers awards list for excellence in Telugu cinema }}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb name|id=1245012}}

{{Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Telugu}}
{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kiran, Uday}}
[[Category:1980 births]]
[[Category:2014 deaths]]
[[Category:2014 suicides]]
[[Category:Indian male film actors]]
[[Category:Telugu male actors]]
[[Category:Male actors in Tamil cinema]]
[[Category:Filmfare Awards South winners]]
[[Category:Suicides by hanging in India]]
[[Category:Male actors from Hyderabad, India]]
[[Category:Male actors in Telugu cinema]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:Male suicides]]
[[Category:People from Vijayawada]]
[[Category:People from Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Artists who died by suicide]]

Ewen Montagu

2026-02-23T04:28:47Z

EveMagill33: clean up

{{Short description|British intelligence analyst (1901–1985)}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific-prefix = [[Captain (Royal Navy)|Captain]] [[The Honourable]]
| name = Ewen Montagu
| honorific-suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|CBE|QC|DL}}
| image = Ewen Montagu in 1943.jpg
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_name =Ewen Edward Samuel Montagu
| birth_date ={{Birth date|df=yes|1901|03|29}}
| birth_place =
| death_date ={{Death date and age|df=yes|1985|07|19|1901|03|29}}
| death_place =
| nationality=British
| other_names =
| known_for =[[Operation Mincemeat]]
| occupation =Naval intelligence officer
}}

'''Ewen Edward Samuel Montagu''' {{postnominals|country=GBR|size=100%|CBE|QC|DL}} (29 March 1901 – 19 July 1985) was a British judge, [[Naval Intelligence Division (United Kingdom)|Naval intelligence officer]], and author.

He is best known for his leading role in [[Operation Mincemeat]], a critical [[military deception]] operation that misdirected [[Nazi Germany|German]] forces' attention away from the [[Allied invasion of Sicily]] ("Operation Husky").

Montagu was president of the [[United Synagogue]] from 1954 to 1962, and President of the [[Anglo-Jewish Association]] from December 1949.<ref name="yb 1951">{{Cite web|url=https://www.bjpa.org/content/upload/bjpa/1951/1951%20YEAR%20BOOK%20OF%20THE%20ANGLO-JEWISH%20ASSOCIATION.pdf|title=''Year book of the Anglo-Jewish Association 1951''}}</ref>

==Life and career==
Montagu was born in 1901, the second son of [[Gladys, Baroness Swaythling]] (née Goldsmid) and [[Louis Montagu, 2nd Baron Swaythling]]. His family was [[Jewish]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://jhse.org/event/ewen-montagu/|title=Ewen Montagu|website=Jewish Historical Society of England|language=en|access-date=2020-01-13}}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> He was educated at [[Westminster School]] before becoming a machine gun instructor during the [[First World War]] at a United States [[Naval Air Station]]. After the war he studied at [[Trinity College, Cambridge|Trinity College]], [[University of Cambridge|Cambridge]] and at [[Harvard University]].<ref name = "ODNBMontagu">{{Cite ODNB |title=Montagu, Ewen Edward Samuel (1901–1985), judge and intelligence officer |url=https://www.oxforddnb.com/display/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-31458 |access-date=2023-04-28 | year=2004 |language=en |doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/31458 | last1=Foot | first1=M. R. D. | author-link = M. R. D. Foot | isbn=978-0-19-861412-8 }}</ref> He was admitted to the [[Middle Temple]] on 22 November 1920 and was [[Call to the bar|called to the bar]] on 14 May 1924.<ref>Sturgess, H.A.C. 1949. ''Register of Admissions of the Honourable Society of the Middle Temple'', Vol 3. London: Butterworth & Co. (Publishers) Ltd.</ref> One of his more celebrated cases as a junior barrister was the defence of [[Alma Rattenbury]] in 1935 against a charge of murdering her 30-years-older husband, the architect [[Francis Rattenbury]], who was savagely beaten with a [[mallet]] at the Villa Madeira in [[Bournemouth|Bournemouth.]] <ref>{{Cite web |last=James |first=Alastair |date=2016-06-15 |title=Cause Celebre (ITV 1987, Helen Mirren, David Morrissey) MEMORABLE TV |url=https://www.memorabletv.com/tv/cause-celebre-itv-1987-helen-mirren/ |access-date=2026-01-02 |website=MEMORABLE TV |language=en-US}}</ref> He [[took silk]] in 1939.<ref name = "ODNBMontagu"/>

== Naval intelligence==
Montagu was a keen yachtsman, and enlisted in the [[Royal Navy Volunteer Reserve]] in 1938.<ref>{{cite book|last=Smyth|first=Denis|author-link = Denis Smyth|title=Deathly Deception: The Real Story of Operation Mincemeat|url=https://archive.org/details/deathlydeception00smyt|url-access=limited|year=2010|publisher=Oxford Press|location=New York|pages=[https://archive.org/details/deathlydeception00smyt/page/n47 25]|isbn=978-0-19-923398-4}}</ref> Because of his legal background he was reassigned to specialized study. From there he was assigned to the [[Royal Navy]]'s East Yorkshire headquarters at [[Kingston upon Hull|Hull]] as an assistant staff officer in intelligence.<ref>{{cite book|last=Smyth|first=Denis|title=Deathly Deception: The Real Story of Operation Mincemeat|year=2010|publisher=Oxford Press|location=New York}}</ref> Montagu served in the [[Naval Intelligence Division (UK)|Naval Intelligence Division]] of the [[British Admiralty]], rising to the rank of Lieutenant Commander RNVR. He was the Naval Representative on the [[Double-Cross System|XX Committee]], which oversaw the running of double agents.

=== Operation Mincemeat ===
[[File:Mincemeat -4.jpg|thumb|Mincemeat plaque at Hackney Mortuary]]
While Commanding Officer of NID 17M, Montagu and Squadron Leader [[Charles Cholmondeley (British intelligence officer)|Charles Cholmondeley]] RAFVR conceived [[Operation Mincemeat]], a major deception operation.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/military-obituaries/9189418/Jean-Gerard-Leigh.html |title=Jean Gerard Leigh |date=5 April 2012 |publisher=[[The Daily Telegraph]]}}</ref> Montagu had the idea of having a corpse dressed as a British officer wash ashore in Spain, carrying faked papers revealing plans for invasion of Greece (the real target was Sicily). The location chosen was where pro-German Spanish officials would show the papers to German agents. Montagu manufactured a false identity, "[[William Martin (Royal Marine officer)|William Martin]]", for the body of [[William Martin (Royal Marine officer)#Glyndwr Michael|Glyndwr Michael]] to have in his pockets: military ID, theatre ticket stubs, love letters and a photo of his fiancée, bills from a tailor and jeweller. To follow the normal wartime procedure that dead or missing officers were required to be listed in the obituary column of ''[[The Times]]'', Acting Major William Martin was so listed in the edition of 4 June 1943.

The Germans were fooled completely. German documents found after the war showed that the false information went all the way to Hitler's headquarters, and led to German forces being diverted to Greece. The [[Allied Invasion of Sicily|invasion of Sicily]] was a success. Historian [[Hugh Trevor-Roper]] called it the best deception in the history of military deception. For his role in Operation Mincemeat, Montagu was appointed to the Military Division of the [[Order of the British Empire]].<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=36544|date=8 June 1944|page=2572|supp=y}}</ref> In November 2021 the [[Jewish American Society for Historic Preservation]], working with the [[Association of Jewish Ex-Servicemen and Women]] and the [[London Borough of Hackney]], placed a memorial at the Hackney Mortuary, where the corpse had been prepared.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.hackneycitizen.co.uk/2021/12/02/hackney-role-wartime-escapade-plaque/|title=Hackney's role in stranger-than-fiction wartime escapade commemorated with plaque|newspaper=Hackney Citizen |date=2 December 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hackneygazette.co.uk/news/operation-mincemeat-hackney-mortuary-in-colin-firth-film-8537290|title=Operation Mincemeat: Role of Hackney mortuary marked in Colin Firth film|date=3 December 2021}}</ref>

== Later career ==
From 1945 to 1973 Montagu held the position of [[Judge Advocate of the Fleet]]. He wrote ''[[The Man Who Never Was (book)|The Man Who Never Was]]'' (1953), an account of Operation Mincemeat, which was adapted [[The Man Who Never Was|as a theatrical film]] three years later. Montagu also wrote ''Beyond Top Secret Ultra'', which focused more on the information technology and espionage tactics used in World War II. He was a governor of a public health project, [[the Peckham Experiment]], in 1949.<ref>{{cite journal|title=The Bulletin of the Pioneer Health Centre|journal=Peckham|date=September 1949|volume=1|issue=5|url=http://www.sochealth.co.uk/1949/09/21/peckham/|access-date=21 October 2016}}</ref>

Before the [[Courts Act 1971]] Montagu was Chairman of the [[Quarter Sessions]] for the Middlesex area of Greater London<ref>Whitaker's Almanack (1968) p.636</ref> and [[Recorder (judge)|recorder]] in the County of [[Hampshire]]. He was appointed [[Deputy Lieutenant]] of the [[County of Southampton]].

Montagu was president of the [[United Synagogue]] from 1954 to 1962, and President of the [[Anglo-Jewish Association]] from December 1949.<ref name="yb 1951"/>

==Family==
Montagu's youngest brother, [[Ivor Montagu]], was a film maker and Communist. Ewen Montagu married Iris, the daughter of the painter [[Solomon J. Solomon]], on 14 June 1923.<ref>{{Cite news |date=1923-05-12 |title=Forthcoming Marriages |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-daily-telegraph-forthcoming-marriage/183627649/ |access-date=2025-10-24 |work=The Daily Telegraph |pages=11}}</ref> They had a son, Jeremy (b. 1927),<ref>{{Cite news |date=1927-12-29 |title=Heir for the Hon. Ewen Montagu |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/evening-standard-heir-for-the-hon-ewen/183629131/ |access-date=2025-10-24 |work=Evening Standard |pages=4}}</ref> who became an authority on musical instruments,<ref>Macintyre, Ben, (2010) [https://books.google.com/books?id=q6JAazB9nCwC&pg=PT7 ''Operation Mincemeat: The True Spy Story that Changed the Course of World War II''], preface</ref> and a daughter, [[Jennifer Montagu|Jennifer]], who became an art historian.

Montagu was a first cousin once removed of comedian [[Christopher Guest]], through Montagu's maternal grandparents.{{citation needed|date= August 2023}}

==In popular culture==
Montagu has been portrayed on screen twice relating to Operation Mincemeat. In the 1956 film ''[[The Man Who Never Was]]'', he was portrayed by [[Clifton Webb]]. In the 2021 film ''[[Operation Mincemeat (film)|Operation Mincemeat]]'', he was played by [[Colin Firth]]. Montagu himself appeared in ''The Man Who Never Was'', playing an air-vice marshal questioning the Ewen Montagu character in a briefing.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Dennis Wheatley 'Museum' |url=http://www.denniswheatley.info/museum/room.asp?id=8&exhib=17 |access-date=2026-01-01 |website=www.denniswheatley.info}}</ref>

Montagu has also appeared as a character in at least one adaptation of the real life murder of [[Francis Rattenbury]]. The best known is the [[Terence Rattigan]] radio play (1975), stage play (1977) and TV movie (1987) ''[[Cause Célèbre (play)|Cause Célèbre]]''. Montagu was played by [[Rory Fleck-Byrne]] in the original [[BBC Radio 4]] radio play and the stage adaptation and by [[Adam Blackwood (actor)|Adam Blackwood]] in the later TV movie. An earlier television play based on the case, ''[[Killer in Close-Up|Killer In Close-Up: The Rattenbury Case]]'' (1958), written by [[George F. Kerr]] and produced by [[Melbourne]] television station [[ABV (TV station)|ABV-2]], but as the recording is no longer known to exist, it is not clear if the defence barrister was identified as Montagu, nor who played him.

In the musical ''[[Operation Mincemeat (musical)|Operation Mincemeat]]'', the role of Montagu was originated on the West End by co-creator [[Natasha Hodgson]], who also reprised the role on Broadway. All other performers of the role have also been women, including Holly Sumpton,<ref>https://www.operationmincemeat.com/cast-we, Cast of Operation Mincemeat, accessed 31.1.2024</ref> Geri Allen,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://x.com/spitlip/status/1710777910678667700?s=61|title=x.com|website=X (formerly Twitter)}}</ref> [[Emily Barber]],<ref>{{Cite web | title=Archived copy | url=https://twitter.com/mincemeatlive/status/1786010074785140943 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240517204808/https://twitter.com/mincemeatlive/status/1786010074785140943 | archive-date=2024-05-17}}</ref> [[Alex Young (actor)|Alex Young]], Madeleine Jackson-Smith, [[Gerianne Pérez]], Jessi Kirtley, [[Julia Knitel]], Katy Ellis, and Georgina Hagen.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Bibliography==
*{{cite book | last=Montagu | first=Ewen | title=The Man Who Never Was | publisher=Lippincott | year=1954 | location=Philadelphia}}
*{{cite book | last=Montagu | first=Ewen | title=The Archer-Shee Case | publisher=David and Charles | year=1974 | location=Newton Abbot | isbn=0-7153-6774-9}}
*{{cite book | last=Montagu | first=Ewen | title=Beyond Top Secret ULTRA | publisher=Coward McGann and Geoghegan | year=1977 | isbn=0-698-10882-5}}

==Further reading==
*{{cite book | last=Macintyre | first=Ben | author-link=Ben Macintyre | title=Operation Mincemeat. The True Spy Story that Changed the Course of World War II | publisher=Bloomsbury | year=2010 | location=London | isbn=978-0-7475-9868-8 | url-access=registration | url=https://archive.org/details/operationminceme0000maci }}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2014}}
{{Operation Mincemeat}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Montagu, Ewen}}
[[Category:1901 births]]
[[Category:1985 deaths]]
[[Category:20th-century English Jews]]
[[Category:20th-century King's Counsel]]
[[Category:Admiralty personnel of World War II]]
[[Category:Alumni of Trinity College, Cambridge]]
[[Category:British military writers]]
[[Category:Commanders of the Order of the British Empire]]
[[Category:Deputy lieutenants of Hampshire]]
[[Category:Harvard University alumni]]
[[Category:Intelligence analysts]]
[[Category:Operation Mincemeat]]
[[Category:People educated at Westminster School, London]]
[[Category:Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve personnel of World War II]]
[[Category:Royal Navy officers of World War II]]
[[Category:Samuel-Montagu family|Ewen]]
[[Category:Younger sons of barons]]

Western tragopan

2026-02-17T10:54:57Z

EveMagill33: formatting fix

{{short description|Species of bird}}
{{speciesbox
| name = Western tragopan
| image = Captive Tragopan melanocephalus (male) at Sarahan Pheasantry Himachal Pradesh JEG8457 (cropped).jpg
| status = VU
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| status_ref = <ref name="iucn status 13 November 2021">{{cite iucn |author=BirdLife International |date=2017 |title=''Tragopan melanocephalus'' |volume=2017 |article-number=e.T22679147A112467383 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-1.RLTS.T22679147A112467383.en |access-date=13 November 2021}}</ref>
| status2 = CITES_A1
| status2_system = CITES
| status2_ref = <ref>{{Cite web|title=Appendices {{!}} CITES|url=https://cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php|access-date=2022-01-14|website=cites.org}}</ref>
| genus = Tragopan
| species = melanocephalus
| authority = ([[John Edward Gray|Gray, JE]], 1829)
| range_map = Tragopan_melanocephalus_map.png
}}
The '''western tragopan''' or '''western horned tragopan''' ('''''Tragopan melanocephalus''''') is a medium-sized brightly plumed [[landfowl]] found along the range of [[Western Himalayas]] from north-eastern districts of [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]] province in northern [[Pakistan]] in the west to [[Uttarakhand]] within [[India]] to the east. The species is highly endangered and globally threatened.

==Identification==
The male is very dark, grey and black with numerous white spots, each spot bordered with black and deep crimson patches on the sides and back of the neck. The throat is bare with blue skin while the bare facial skin is red. They have a small black occipital [[Crest (feathers)|crest]]. Females have pale brownish-grey upper parts finely [[vermiculated]] and spotted with black, and most of the feathers have black patches and central white streaks. Immature males resemble females, but are larger with longer legs and a variable amount of black on the head and red on neck.

Males weigh {{convert|1.8|–|2.2|kg|lb|abbr=on}} and females weigh {{convert|1.25|-|1.4|kg|lb|abbr=on}}.<ref name = "CRC">''CRC Handbook of Avian Body Masses'' by John B. Dunning Jr. (Editor). CRC Press (1992), {{ISBN|978-0-8493-4258-5}}.</ref> The males vary in length from {{convert|55|–|60|cm|in|abbr=on}} while the females are {{convert|48|–|50|cm|in|abbr=on}}.

==Distribution==
Five populations are known from [[Kohistan District, Pakistan|Kohistan]] and [[Kaghan valley]] in [[Pakistan]] and from [[Kishtwar district|Kishtwar]], [[Chamba district|Chamba]] and [[Kullu district|Kullu]] districts of India as well as from an area east of the [[Satluj]] river in India. They are found from an altitude of 1,750 to 3,600 m, going higher in summer. Their preferred habitat is the dense understorey of temperate, subalpine and broad-leaved forest.

==Habitats==
It inhabits upper [[temperate forest]]s between 2,400 and 3,600 m in summer, and in winter, dense coniferous and broad-leaved forests between 2,000 and 2,800 m elevations. The western tragopan is mostly arboreal but feeds on the ground. They feed mostly on leaves, shoots and seeds, but also consume [[insects]] and other [[invertebrates]]. Like most pheasants, they roost in trees singly or in pairs except during nesting.

During display, the males show the throat inflated into lappets that appear purple with pink margins. They also display blue horns with a fancied resemblance to those of the Greek mythological god [[Pan (mythology)|Pan]], whence the name ''tragopan'' (''tragos'' "goat" + ''Pan''). During the display they call and the song is a loud two-note ringing ''wou-weee'' which is repeated every second for long periods. The [[Reproduction|breeding]] season is May and June. They build their nests in low tree hollows.

They are sensitive to anthropogenic disturbance and avoid disturbed habitats (for instance, hydro-electric project development sites).<ref>Jolli, Virat & Pandit, M. K. (2011). "Monitoring pheasants (Phasianidae) in the Western Himalayas to measure the impact of hydro-electric projects". The Ring 33: 37-46. {{doi|10.2478/v10050-011-0003-7}}</ref>

==Status==
[[File:Rekong Peo to Sarahan 052.jpg|thumb|Sign about Western tragopans near [[Sarahan]], [[Himachal Pradesh]], India]]
The western tragopan is considered as one of the rarest living landfowl. Its range is very restricted. In the Kashmir valley, it is known as ''daangeer'', in Chamba as ''phulgar'' and in the [[Kullu Valley|Kullu valley]] as ''jujurana'' ("king of birds"). It was accorded the status of state bird of [[Himachal Pradesh]] in 2007.

The population of the western tragopan is threatened by several [[human impact on the environment|anthropogenic]] factors throughout its range. The world population is estimated at fewer than 5,000 individuals, including a [[captive breeding]] population in [[Himachal Pradesh]] which numbered fewer than ten pairs in 2012.<ref name = "BirdLife">{{cite web | title = Western Tragopan ''Tragopan melanocephalus'' | url = http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/speciesfactsheet.php?id=237 | publisher = [[BirdLife International]] | access-date = 9 September 2015}}</ref> [[CITES]] has listed this species in Appendix I in order to discourage selling of its feathers. Representing the endemic bird area D02 of Western Himalaya, the western tragopan has been described as a range-restricted species.

==Gallery==
<gallery>
File:DodoMansur.jpg| by [[Ustad Mansur]] 1625
File:WestTragopan.jpg|by [[Daniel Giraud Elliot|D G Elliot]] 1872
</gallery>

==References==
{{Reflist}}
* Rasmussen, P.C & Anderton, J. C. (2005) Birds of South Asia. The Ripley Guide. Smithsonian Institution and Lynx Edicions.

== External links ==
* [http://www.greathimalayannationalpark.com Home of Western Tragopan]
* [http://www.himachal.nic.in/tour/glance.htm] (Government of Himachal Pradesh )

{{Phasianidae}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q845992}}

[[Category:Tragopan|western tragopan]]
[[Category:Birds of Pakistan]]
[[Category:Birds of North India]]
[[Category:Birds described in 1829|western tragopan]]
[[Category:Taxa named by John Edward Gray|western tragopan]]
[[Category:Symbols of Himachal Pradesh]]

Rafi al-Din Shirazi

2026-02-13T02:04:41Z

EveMagill33: Adding A Info - done

{{Short description|Persian historian (c. 1540/41–1620)}}
'''Rafi al-Din Shirazi''' ({{circa}} {{AH|947}} – 1620),{{sfn|Overton|2020|p=14}} also known as '''Rafi al-Din Ibrahim''',{{sfn|Overton|2020|p=105}} was a Persian chronicler, diplomat, and merchant who served under sultans [[Ali Adil Shah I|Ali I]] and [[Ibrahim Adil Shah II|Ibrahim II]] of the [[Sultanate of Bijapur]].{{sfn|Overton|2020|p=54}} Born in [[Shiraz]] in Persia{{sfn|Overton|2020|p=131}} in around {{AH|947}},{{sfn|Ernst|1997}} his father was Nur al-Din Shirazi.{{sfn|Overton|2020|p=105}} He [[Emigration of Iranians to India during the 16-18th centuries|immigrated]] to the Sultanate of Bijapur in India{{sfn|Overton|2020|p=14}} for purposes of trading{{sfn|Ernst|1997}} by request of Afzal Khan, a Bijapuri statesman and his relative.{{sfn|Overton|2020|p=14}} He eventually became employed in the court of the sultanate, and began holding various administrative positions in the 1560s.{{sfn|Fischel|2020|p=120}} Early in his career he held roles such as a scribe, courtly kitchen official,{{sfn|Ernst|1997}} and treasurer,{{sfn|Fischel|2020|p=120}} while later serving as the ambassador to the neighbouring [[Ahmadnagar Sultanate]] from {{AH|1005}} and governor of [[Bijapur Fort]].{{sfn|Ernst|1997}} Rafi al-Din visited the town of [[Sagara, Karnataka|Sagara]] in {{AH|980}}, near the burial place of the sultanate's founder [[Yusuf Adil Shah]],{{sfn|Overton|2020|p=105}} and toured the [[Ellora Caves]] around 1597.{{sfn|Eaton|2019|p=391}}

From 1608 to 1611{{sfn|Overton|2016|p=94}} or 1612,{{sfn|Overton|2020|p=54}} Rafi al-Din wrote his foremost historical work in tribute to sultan Ibrahim II, variously transliterated as ''Tazkirat al-Muluk''{{sfn|Overton|2020|p=14}} or ''Tadhkirat al-Muluk'' ({{literal|History of Kings}}). The chronicle provides an account of the sultanate's history and of other contemporary courts,{{sfn|Overton|2016|p=94}} and is, along with [[Firishta]]'s ''Tārīkh-i Firishta'', one of the preeminent sources for the history of the Bijapur Sultanate,{{sfn|Overton|2016|p=94}}{{sfn|Eaton|1978|p=97}} although the latter is more widely known and used.{{sfn|Overton|2016|p=94}} Each of the ten segments of the ''Tazkirat al-Muluk'' focuses on a contemporary dynasty or monarch, with the anomaly of the devotion of one entirely to Afzal Khan, making evident Rafi al-Din's preference for the family member.{{sfn|Fischel|2020|p=120}} The bulk of the sections pertain to the Bijapur Sultanate as well as the other [[Deccan sultanates]], while the [[Bahmani Kingdom]], [[Mughal Empire]], and [[Safavid Iran|Safavid dynasty]] are also discussed.{{sfn|Ernst|1997}}

==References==
===Citations===
{{reflist}}

===Sources===
*{{cite book|title=The Sufis of Bijapur, 1300–1700|first=Richard M.|last=Eaton|date=1978|publisher=Princeton University Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=j2F9BgAAQBAJ|isbn=9781400868155|author-link=Richard M. Eaton}}
*{{cite book|first=Richard M.|last=Eaton|date=2019|title=India in the Persianate Age, 1000–1765|isbn=9780520325128|publisher=University of California Press|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EkkSEQAAQBAJ}}
*{{encyclopædia Iranica|first=Carl W.|last=Ernst|title=EBRĀHĪM ŠĪRĀZĪ|url=https://iranicaonline.org/articles/ebrahim-sirazi|date=1997|volume=8|fascicle=1|page=76}}
*{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UHoxEAAAQBAJ |title=Local States in an Imperial World: Identity, Society and Politics in the Early Modern Deccan |first=Roy S. |last=Fischel |date=2020 |publisher=Edinburgh University Press|isbn=9781474436090}}
*{{cite journal|journal=[[Muqarnas (journal)|Muqarnas]]|volume=33|date=2016|pages=91–154|title=Book Culture, Royal Libraries, and Persianate Painting in Bijapur, circa 1580‒1630|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/26551683|first=Keelan|last=Overton|doi=10.1163/22118993_03301P006 |jstor=26551683}}
*{{cite book|editor-first=Keelan|editor-last=Overton|date=2020|title=Iran and the Deccan: Persianate Art, Culture, and Talent in Circulation|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_yHXDwAAQBAJ|publisher=Indiana University Press|isbn=9780253048943}}

[[Category:1620 deaths]]
[[Category:16th-century merchants]]
[[Category:16th-century diplomats]]
[[Category:17th-century Indian historians]]
[[Category:17th-century Iranian historians]]
[[Category:Historians of India]]
[[Category:1540s births]]
[[Category:Iranian emigrants to the Sultanate of Bijapur]]

Urvashi Chaudhary

2026-02-12T03:18:03Z

EveMagill33: put up a post!

{{Short description|Indian actress and model}}
{{BLP sources|date=February 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2016}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Urvashi Chaudhary
| image = Urvashi Chaudhary (cropped).jpg
| caption = CCL's brand ambassador Urvashi Chaudhary shoots in cricket costume
| birth_date =
| birth_place = [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]], India
| occupation = Actress, supermodel
| years_active = 2009 to till date
| website =
}}

'''Urvashi Chaudhary''' is an [[Indian actor|Indian actress]], [[Model (person)|model]], and [[brand ambassador]] of Bhojpuri Dabangg [[2013 Celebrity Cricket League|CCL 3]].<ref>{{cite web |title=हिंदी फिल्मों की ये एक्ट्रेस कुछ यूं बिखेर रही है सीसीएल में जलवा, देखें तस्वीरें! |url=https://www.bhaskar.com/article/BIH-brand-ambassador-of-bhojpuri-ccl-team-urvashi-chaudhary-went-to-hyderabad-to-sup-4184807-PHO.html |publisher=Bhaskar.com |access-date=24 April 2013}}</ref> She is known for her role as Shaina in the 2009 film, [[Trump Card (2009 film)|''Trump Card'']].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Urvashi Chaudhari on location of film Trump Card in Madh Island on 6th Jan 2009 |url=https://hamaraphotos.com/photo_-162615.html |access-date=2023-06-15 |website=Hamara Photos |language=en-US}}</ref> The film stars [[Vishwajeet Pradhan]], Vikram Kumar, Haidar Ali and Urvashi Chaudhary.

==Early life ==
Urvashi was born and raised in the state of [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]].{{Citation needed|date=February 2024}}

== Career ==
She began her modelling career after her tenth-grade [[examinations]] in [[Chandigarh]]. She has acted in three [[Bollywood]] movies to date, most notably as the main lead in the movie ''[[Trump Card (2009 film)|Trump Card]]''.

==Filmography==
* ''[[Ishq Na Karna]]'' (2006)<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hungama |first=Bollywood |date=2006-04-14 |title=Ishq Na Karna Cast List {{!}} Ishq Na Karna Movie Star Cast {{!}} Release Date {{!}} Movie Trailer {{!}} Review- Bollywood Hungama |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/ishq-na-karna/cast/ |access-date=2023-06-15 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Ishq Na Karna Movie Trailer, Star Cast, Release Date, Box Office, Movie Review {{!}} Ishq Na Karna Movie budget and Collection {{!}} Ishq Na Karna {{!}} Indian Film History |url=https://www.indianfilmhistory.com/movie/ishq-na-karna |access-date=2023-06-15 |website=indianfilmhistory.com |language=en}}</ref>
* ''[[Trump Card (2009 film)|Trump Card]]'' (2009) as Shaina
* ''[[Kaho Na Kaho]]'' (2011) as Roshni

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Chaudhary, Urvashi}}
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Actresses in Bhojpuri cinema]]
[[Category:Indian stage actresses]]
[[Category:Female models from Jammu and Kashmir]]
[[Category:Indian television actresses]]
[[Category:Indian film actresses]]
[[Category:Actresses from Jammu and Kashmir]]

Martial Paillot

2026-02-05T12:59:46Z

EveMagill33: Creating The Post From Scratch...

{{Short description|French Roman Catholic missionary (1855 or 1856-1930)}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Martial Jean Baptiste Paillot
| image =
| caption =
| birth_date = 1855 or 1856
| birth_place = [[Ménil sur Saulx]], France
| death_date = September 16, 1930
| death_place = [[Bangalore]], India
}}

Father '''Martial Jean Baptiste Paillot''' (born 1855 or 1856; died September 16, 1930) was a French [[Roman Catholic]] [[missionary]],<ref>{{cite book|language=fr |author= |title= Annuaire colonial |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=Bbgh67jJJyAC&q=martial+paillot&pg=PA426 |location=Paris |publisher= Sous-secrétariat d'Etat des colonies |date=1891 }}</ref> history professor and [[parish priest]]. He served as a missionary in [[Puducherry (city)|Pondicherry]], India for 44 years.

==Early life==
Paillot was born in Ménil sur Saulx, France, the second in a family of ten children (four of whom died at a young age). (Sources differ as to his date of birth, either 1855 or 1856 are given). Little is known about his youth. His younger brother described him as very studious, sporty, with a combative nature.<ref name=annales>{{cite magazine|language=fr |author= |title= Le Père Martial Paillot (1855-1930) |url= https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k97369469 |magazine= Annales des Missions étrangères de Paris |date=January 1932 |access-date=November 6, 2017 }}</ref>

He studied at the Minor and Major Seminary in Verdun, and ordained as a priest on June 30, 1881.<ref name=ME>{{cite web |language= fr |url= http://archives.mepasie.org/fr/notices/notices-biographiques/paillot|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181104050158/http://archives.mepasie.org/fr/notices/notices-biographiques/paillot|archive-date=4 November 2018|title= PAILLOT |author=  |website= Archives des Missions Etrangères de Paris}}</ref>

He worked as a history professor at the Minor Seminary in Verdun for two years, then became a vicar in Montmédy, then entered the Foreign Missions Seminary (Séminaire des Missions Étrangères) in Paris in 1885. After spending a year there he was posted to the mission in [[Puducherry (city)|Pondicherry]], India,<ref name=ME/> where he lived for the rest of his life. During his first years there a brother and his mother died.<ref name=annales/>

==Life in India==
He arrived in Pondicherry in 1886 and was named the vicar of the [[Our Lady of Angels Church, Puducherry|Our Lady of Angels Church]] in July 1887. He was temporarily assigned to the Colonial College in 1894 while its director returned to France due to health concerns; when the director returned in 1885, Father Paillot returned to Our Lady of Angels. He developed malarial fever, which put his life in danger and necessitated a change in climate.<ref name=ME/>

He was sent to the mountains of [[Ceylon]]. Working in Kandy as secretary for Mgr. Zaleski, the apostolic delegate in India, his health slowly improved, and he followed the Monsignor to his various apostolic wanderings in India for about a year. He returned to Pondicherry in 1926, again serving as vicar at Our Lady of Angels. When the parish priest retired, he took over the position.<ref name=ME/>

==Final years==
From 1929 his health began to decline. He suffered from frequent malaise and vomiting, with an old [[lymphangitis]] worsening and his legs weakening. He was sent to Saint Martha’s Hospital in Bangalore on August 23, 1930, where he died on September 16.<ref name=ME/>

An article in [[La Croix (newspaper)|La Croix]] on November 26, 1931, introduced him to the French public, with title "The body of a French missionary is found intact after a long stay in the ground, exactly from September 16, 1930, to October 18, 1931". It mentions that he was buried in Bangalore and had a funeral in Pondicherry.<ref name=annales/> The article says that when his body was exhumed, the people present expected to find nothing but bones. The wooden coffin had been eaten by termites, but the body was not terribly damaged with little odor; the skin had taken a coppery hue. His body was taken to Pondicherry on October 19, where he was given a funeral and buried at the church.<ref name=annales/>

==Notes==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Paillot, Martial}}
[[Category:Year of birth uncertain]]
[[Category:1850s births]]
[[Category:1930 deaths]]
[[Category:French Roman Catholic missionaries]]
[[Category:Roman Catholic missionaries in India]]

Full Circle: Carnegie Hall 2000

2026-02-03T05:59:26Z

EveMagill33: new new info

{{Short description|2001 live album by Ravi Shankar}}
{{good article}}
{{Infobox album
| name = Full Circle: Carnegie Hall 2000
| type = live
| artist = [[Ravi Shankar]]
| cover = Ravi Shankar, Full Circle Carnegie Hall 2000.jpg
| alt =
| released = {{Start date|2001|03|27}}
| recorded = October 6, 2000
| venue = [[Carnegie Hall]]
| studio =
| genre = {{Flatlist|
* [[Hindustani classical music|Hindustani classical]]
* [[World music|world]]
}}
| length = {{Duration|m=62|s=34}}
| label = [[Angel Records|Angel]]
| producer = [[Hans Wendl]]
| prev_title = Vision of Peace: The Art of Ravi Shankar
| prev_year = 2000
| next_title = Flowers of India
| next_year = 2007
}}
'''''Full Circle: Carnegie Hall 2000''''' is a [[live album]] by Indian musician and composer [[Ravi Shankar]], released in 2001 through the [[record label]] [[Angel Records]].<ref name="Allmusic">{{cite web|url=http://allmusic.com/album/full-circle-carnegie-hall-2000-r524525|title=Full Circle: Carnegie Hall 2000|work=[[Allmusic]]|publisher=[[Rovi Corporation]]|access-date=December 7, 2011|first=Sean|last=Westergaard|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110303035356/http://allmusic.com/album/full-circle-carnegie-hall-2000-r524525|archive-date=March 3, 2011}}</ref> Recorded at [[Carnegie Hall]] in October 2000 as part of a tour with Shankar's daughter [[Anoushka Shankar|Anoushka]], the album contains five tracks and presents two ''[[raga]]s''. The concert occurred sixty-two years after Shankar's first performance at Carnegie Hall and commemorated his eightieth birthday; the album was his first live recording in nearly twenty years. ''Full Circle'' was produced by [[Hans Wendl]], mastered by [[Scott Hull (mastering engineer)|Scott Hull]], and mixed and engineered by Tom Lazarus. Featured are performances by [[Tanmoy Bose]] and [[Bickram Ghosh]] on ''[[tabla]]'', and Anoushka and Ravi on ''[[sitar]]''.

In 2001, the album peaked at ninth position on ''[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]''{{'s}} Top World Music Albums chart and earned Shankar the [[Grammy Award]] for [[Grammy Award for Best World Music Album|Best World Music Album]].

==Background and composition==
{{quote box|quote=The title was thought out by the promoter and agent, but I guess there's meaning to it. It sounds nice, maybe in the sense that I started performing publicly and coming to Carnegie Hall at age 19. But there's also the connection of Anoushka playing with me.|source=Shankar on the album's title<ref name=Bessman/>|width=270px}}

''Full Circle'' was recorded at [[Carnegie Hall]] in New York City on October 6, 2000, as part of a tour of the same name in which Ravi introduced his nineteen-year-old daughter and student Anoushka Shankar.<ref name="Allmusic" /><ref name="Woodard">{{cite journal|journal=[[JazzTimes]]|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vScEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA108|title=Spheres – Ravi Shankar: Full Circle/Carnegie Hall 2000|first=Josef|last=Woodard|date=July–August 2001|access-date=December 7, 2011|page=108|issn=0272-572X|publisher=JazzTimes, Inc.|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180320170133/https://books.google.com/books?id=vScEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA108|archive-date=March 20, 2018}} Note: Online version found [https://archive.today/20130127212719/http://jazztimes.com/articles/12402-full-circle-carnegie-hall-2000-ravi-shankar here].</ref><ref name=PRN>{{cite press release|title=Legendary Artist Ravi Shankar Receives Grammy Award For Latest Album: 'Full Circle/Carnegie Hall 2000'|url=http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/legendary-artist-ravi-shankar-receives-grammy-award-for-latest-album-full-circlecarnegie-hall-2000-76228982.html|publisher=[[PR Newswire]]|date=March 1, 2002|access-date=December 12, 2011|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304044955/http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/legendary-artist-ravi-shankar-receives-grammy-award-for-latest-album-full-circlecarnegie-hall-2000-76228982.html|archive-date=March 4, 2016}}</ref> Anoushka began studying at age nine and is the only musician in the world trained exclusively by Ravi.<ref name=OS>{{cite press release|title=Ravi Shankar Returns to Portland with Daughter Anoushka Shankar|url=http://www.orsymphony.org/news/0304/0815_SP1_shankar.html|publisher=[[Oregon Symphony]]|date=August 15, 2003|access-date=December 12, 2011|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111011063418/http://orsymphony.org/news/0304/0815_SP1_shankar.html|archive-date=October 11, 2011}}</ref> The concert commemorated Shankar's eightieth birthday and occurred sixty-two years after his first performance at the venue as a member of his brother [[Uday Shankar]]'s Indian dance group.<ref name="Woodard" /><ref name="Yoga">{{cite journal|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QeoDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA168|title=Ravi Shankar: Full Circle: Carnegie Hall 2000|date=September–October 2001|access-date=December 8, 2011|page=168|first=Derk|last=Richardson|issn=0191-0965|journal=[[Yoga Journal]]|publisher=Active Interest Media|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180320170133/https://books.google.com/books?id=QeoDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA168|archive-date=March 20, 2018}}</ref><ref name=Coming>{{cite news|title=Coming full circle|url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/mag/2002/03/10/stories/2002031000130200.htm|date=March 10, 2002|access-date=December 12, 2011|work=[[The Hindu]]|publisher=[[The Hindu Group]]|issn=0971-751X|oclc=13119119|location=Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110908075705/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/mag/2002/03/10/stories/2002031000130200.htm|archive-date=September 8, 2011}}</ref> The album also marked Shankar's first live recording in nearly twenty years.<ref name=OS/> The Carnegie Hall concert was held specifically for the purpose of recording a live album, despite Shankar's hesitations about using "traditional recording considerations" to capture improvisational music.<ref name=Bessman>{{cite magazine|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RxQEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA93|title=Shankar Comes 'Full Circle' with Angel|first=Jim|last=Bessman|pages=11, 93|date=March 17, 2001|access-date=December 14, 2011|volume=113|number=11|issn=0006-2510|publisher=Nielsen Business Media, Inc.|magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180320170133/https://books.google.com/books?id=RxQEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA93&dq|archive-date=March 20, 2018}}</ref>

''Full Circle'' contains two ''ragas'' presented in five tracks totaling just over one hour in length.<ref name="Allmusic" /><ref name=PRN/> ''Kaushi Kanhara'' (a compound ''raga'' that combines ''[[Malkaush|Malkauns]]'' and ''[[Darbari Kanada]]'') is separated in an ''[[alap]]'' portion (an unaccompanied introduction) which includes ''[[jor (music)|jor]]'' and ''[[jhala]]'' (playing with pulse and fast pulse), and a [[Gat (music)|''gat'']] portion (composition with ''[[tabla]]'' accompaniment). ''Mishra Gara'' is introduced with an ''aochar'' (a short ''alap''), and features two ''gats'', in a single thirty-minute track. [[Hans Wendl]] worked as [[record producer]] and [[Scott Hull (mastering engineer)|Scott Hull]] [[Audio mastering|mastered]] the album, which was [[Audio mixing (recorded music)|mixed]] and [[Audio engineering|engineered]] by Tom Lazarus and features performances by Tanmoy Bose and Bickram Ghosh on ''tabla'', and Anoushka and Ravi on ''sitar''.<ref name="Allmusic" /> Shankar said he was successful in reaching his goal of presenting variety on the album by incorporating both "ancient" and "contemporary, semi-classical" styles and reaching a musical climax quickly.<ref name=Bessman/>

Gilbert Heatherwick, an Angel Records executive, said that the label sought to market the album as an "event record" and would position it "upfront in pop departments".<ref name=Bessman/> Angel promoted the album through [[NPR]] stations and mainstream press outlets as a "human interest story", focusing on Shankar's career and how the album exemplifies its title. ''Full Circle'' was released in India through the [[EMI]]-owned label Virgin India.<ref name=Bessman/>

Anoushka Shankar's album [[Live at Carnegie Hall (Anoushka Shankar album)|''Live at Carnegie Hall'']] was recorded at Carnegie Hall the same evening.<ref name="Meyer">{{cite news|url=http://www.chicagoreader.com/chicago/ravi-shankar/Content?oid=920405|title=Ravi Shankar|first=Bill|last=Meyer|access-date=December 9, 2011|date=November 3, 2005|work=[[Chicago Reader]]|publisher=Creative Loafing|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304111600/http://www.chicagoreader.com/chicago/ravi-shankar/Content?oid=920405|archive-date=March 4, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.allmusic.com/album/live-at-carnegie-hall-r557031/review|title=Live at Carnegie Hall|access-date=December 14, 2011|work=Allmusic|publisher=Rovi Corporation|first=Joe|last=Silva}}</ref> The album was released in December 2001 and earned her a nomination for Best World Music Album at the [[45th Grammy Awards]] (2003),<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/2003-02-16/entertainment/17476766_1_norah-jones-steve-mcqueen-sheryl-crow-alan-jackson/6|title=2003 Grammy ballot|page=6|date=February 16, 2003|access-date=December 9, 2011|work=[[San Francisco Chronicle]]|publisher=[[Hearst Corporation]]|issn=1932-8672}}{{dead link|date=February 2026|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> making her the youngest musician nominated in the category.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/culturemonster/2011/04/influences-sitar-player-and-daughter-anoushka-shankar.html|title=Influences: Sitar player (and daughter) Anoushka Shankar|date=April 13, 2011|access-date=December 9, 2011|first=Scott|last=Timberg|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|issn=0458-3035|oclc=3638237|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140506205919/http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/culturemonster/2011/04/influences-sitar-player-and-daughter-anoushka-shankar.html|archive-date=May 6, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/mag/2006/02/12/stories/2006021200240500.htm|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130125134342/http://www.hindu.com/mag/2006/02/12/stories/2006021200240500.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=January 25, 2013|title=Music all the way|first=Prachi|last=Pinglay|issn=0971-751X|oclc=13119119|location=Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=2006-02-12|access-date=December 9, 2011}}</ref>

==Reception==
{{Album ratings
| rev1 = [[Allmusic]]
| rev1Score = {{Rating|3|5}}<ref name="Allmusic" />
| rev2 = ''[[Yoga Journal]]''
| rev2Score = (positive)<ref name="Yoga"/>
}}
[[Allmusic]]'s Sean Westergaard awarded the album three of five stars and called it an "excellent recording". He complimented Ravi's musicianship and dexterity, particularly during the fast ''[[Bandish|gat]]'' section of ''Mishra Gara'', but suggested that ''[[alap]]'' and ''[[Jor (music)|jor]]'' might be too long for some Western listeners.<ref name="Allmusic" /> ''[[Yoga Journal]]''{{'s}} Derk Richardson wrote that Shankar's fast fingering and "ingenious note choices ... conspire to create a mesmerizing swirl". Richardson complimented all instrumental performers, as well as producer Hans Wendl, for recording the ensemble with "striking clarity", and called Shankar's playing "timeless".<ref name="Yoga"/> Bill Meyer wrote in his 2005 review for the ''[[Chicago Reader]]'' that Shankar was not as fast as he used to be but that he was still a "thrilling improviser".<ref name="Meyer" />
{{Clear}}

==Chart performance and recognition==
[[File:Shankar Concert 2005 crop.jpg|thumb|[[Ravi Shankar]] and [[Anoushka Shankar]] performing in 2005]]''Full Circle'' reached a peak position of nine on ''[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]''{{'s}} Top World Music Albums chart the week of May 5, 2001.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.allmusic.com/album/full-circle-carnegie-hall-2000-r524525/charts-awards|title=Full Circle: Carnegie Hall 2000 – Charts & Awards|work=Allmusic|publisher=Rovi Corporation|access-date=December 7, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|url={{BillboardURLbyName|artist=ravi shankar|chart=all}}|title=Full Circle: Carnegie Hall 2000|magazine=Billboard|access-date=December 8, 2011|issn=0006-2510|publisher=[[Prometheus Global Media]]}}</ref> At the [[44th Grammy Awards]] in 2002, the album earned Shankar a [[Grammy Award]] for [[Grammy Award for Best World Music Album|Best World Music Album]]. This marked Shankar's third Grammy win, after he was previously recognized along with [[Yehudi Menuhin]] for the collaborative album ''[[West Meets East]]'', and with [[George Harrison]], ''et al.'' at the [[15th Grammy Awards]] in 1973 for [[The Concert for Bangladesh (album)|''The Concert for Bangladesh'']].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/1846787.stm|title=Grammy for Indian sitar maestro|date=February 28, 2002|access-date=December 7, 2011|work=[[BBC News]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120331155436/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/1846787.stm|archive-date=March 31, 2012}}</ref><ref name="Lavezzoli">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OSZKCXtx-wEC&pg=PA417|title=The dawn of Indian music in the West: Bhairavi|first=Peter|last=Lavezzoli|year=2006|publisher=Continuum International Publishing Group|page=417|isbn=9780826418159|access-date=December 14, 2011|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180320170133/https://books.google.com/books?id=OSZKCXtx-wEC&pg=PA417&dq|archive-date=March 20, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2002-01-29/news-interviews/27110731_1_grammy-nomination-album-grammy-awards|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120708031903/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2002-01-29/news-interviews/27110731_1_grammy-nomination-album-grammy-awards|url-status=dead|archive-date=July 8, 2012|title=Pt Ravi Shankar gets Grammy nomination|date=January 29, 2002|access-date=December 15, 2011|work=[[The Times of India]]|publisher=[[The Times Group]]|oclc=23379369|location=New Delhi, Delhi, India}}</ref> Following the 2002 Grammy win, ''tabla'' musician Bickram Ghosh said he enjoyed the recognition but insisted the "limelight" would not affect his future playing. When ''[[The Times of India]]'' questioned whether or not ''tanpura'' musicians received adequate praise for their contributions to the album, Ghosh responded that the ''tanpura'' is a "drawn instrument and not a performance art." Of his performances alongside Shankar, Ghosh rated the Carnegie Hall concert an eight on a ten-point scale, saving a nine rating for the Toronto Ford Centre concert in 1997.<ref name="Coming2">{{cite news|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2002-03-17/news-interviews/27111730_1_ravi-shankar-anoushka-grammy|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130103095917/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2002-03-17/news-interviews/27111730_1_ravi-shankar-anoushka-grammy|url-status=dead|archive-date=January 3, 2013|title=Coming a Full Circle|date=March 17, 2002|access-date=December 15, 2011|oclc=23379369|work=[[The Times of India]]|location=New Delhi, Delhi, India}}</ref> According to the Ravi Shankar Foundation, the album also won first place in the Traditional World category at the 5th Annual NAV Music Awards.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ravishankar.org/news.html|title=News|publisher=The Ravi Shankar Foundation|access-date=December 12, 2011|date=June 2002|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120405133929/http://www.ravishankar.org/news.html|archive-date=April 5, 2012}}</ref>

{|class="wikitable"
!Chart (2001)
!Peak position
|-
| ''[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]''{{'s}} Top World Music Albums
| align="center"|9
|}

==Track listing==
All songs written by [[Ravi Shankar]].

# "Introduction I" – 1:37
# "Raga Kaushi Kanhara: Alap-Jor-Jhala" – 19:02
# "Raga Kaushi Kanhara: Gat in Dhamar" – 10:04
# "Introduction II" – 1:37
# "Raga Mishra Gara: Aochar/Slow Gat and Fast Gat in Teental" – 30:14

Track listing adapted from Allmusic.<ref name="Allmusic" />

==Personnel==
[[File:Anoushka Shankar.jpg|thumb|right|[[Anoushka Shankar]] in 2007]]

* [[Tanmoy Bose]] – ''[[tabla]]''
* [[Bickram Ghosh]] – ''tabla''
* Caroline Greyshock – cover photo
* [[Scott Hull (mastering engineer)|Scott Hull]] – [[Audio mastering|mastering]]
* Tom Lazarus – [[Audio engineering|engineer]], [[Audio mixing (recorded music)|mixing]]
* Jessica Novod – art direction, design
* [[Barry Phillips]] – ''[[Tanpura (instrument)|tanpura]]''
* [[Anoushka Shankar]] – ''[[sitar]]''
* [[Ravi Shankar]] – ''sitar''
* Ajay Sharma – ''tanpura''<ref name=Coming2 />
* Marc Stedman – assistant
* [[Hans Wendl]] – [[Record producer|producer]]
* Timothy White – [[liner notes]]

Credits adapted from Allmusic.<ref name="Allmusic" />

==See also==
{{Portal|India|Music}}
* [[Concert for George (album)|''Concert for George'' (album)]], a 2003 [[tribute album]] to [[George Harrison]] featuring Ravi and Anoushka Shankar
* [[Music of India]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=KeoDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA56 ''Full Circle: Carnegie Hall 2000'' advertisement] in ''Yoga Journal'' (July–August 2001)
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=-g8EAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA105 "Angel's Shankar Tours with Dad"], by Jim Bessman, ''Billboard'' (July 15, 2000)

{{Ravi Shankar}}

[[Category:2001 live albums]]
[[Category:Albums recorded at Carnegie Hall]]
[[Category:Angel Records live albums]]
[[Category:Grammy Award for Best World Music Album]]
[[Category:Live albums by Indian artists]]
[[Category:Ravi Shankar albums]]

Stewart Island (Andaman Islands)

2026-01-23T13:37:47Z

EveMagill33: put up new stub!

{{Short description|Island in the Bay of Bengal}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2016}}
{{Infobox islands
| name = Stewart Island
| native_name =
| native_name_link =
| native_name_lang =
| sobriquet =
| image_name =
| image_size =
| image_caption =
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| map = India Andaman and Nicobar Islands
| map_caption = Location of Stewart Island
| coordinates = {{coord|13.01|N|92.93|E|region:IN-AN_type:isle_dim:50000_source:GNS-enwiki|display=inline,title}}
| etymology =
| location = [[Bay of Bengal]]
| archipelago = [[Andaman Islands]]
| waterbody = [[Indian Ocean]]
| area_km2 = 7.05
| area_footnotes = <ref name="cit">{{cite web|url=http://andssw1.and.nic.in/ecostat/basicstatPDF2013_14/1.Demogrpahy.pdf|title=Islandwise Area and Population - 2011 Census|publisher=Government of Andaman}}</ref>
| rank =
| length_km = 3.9
| width_km = 2.9
| coastline_km = 13.00
| elevation_m = 0
| elevation_footnotes =
| highest_mount =
| country = {{flag|India}}
| country_admin_divisions_title = [[List of districts in India#Andaman and Nicobar (AN)|District]]
| country_admin_divisions = [[North and Middle Andaman district|North and Middle Andaman]]
| country_admin_divisions_title_1 = [[Island group]]
| country_admin_divisions_1 = [[Andaman Islands]]
| country_admin_divisions_title_2 = Island sub-group
| country_admin_divisions_2 = [[Stewart Sound Group]]
| country_admin_divisions_title_3 = [[Tehsils of India|Taluk]]
| country_admin_divisions_3 = [[Diglipur|Diglipur Taluk]]
| population = 2
| population_as_of = 2016
| population_footnotes =
| population_rank =
| population_rank_max =
| density_km2 = 0.28
| density_rank =
| density_footnotes =
| ethnic_groups = [[Hindu]], [[Andamanese people|Andamanese]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| timezone1_DST =
| utc_offset1_DST =
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 744202<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.india-codes.com/pincodes/a-n-islands-pin-code |title=A&N Islands - Pincodes |date=22 September 2016 |accessdate=22 September 2016 |url-status=bot: unknown |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140323224041/http://www.india-codes.com/pincodes/a-n-islands-pin-code |archivedate=23 March 2014 }}</ref>
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = 031927 <ref name="allcodesindia">{{cite web|url=http://allcodesindia.in/stdcode/andaman+and+nicobar.php |publisher=allcodesindia.in|title=STD Codes of Andaman and Nicobar|accessdate=2016-09-23}}</ref>
| website = {{URL|http://www.and.nic.in/}}
| iso_code_type = [[ISO 3166-2:IN|ISO code]]
| iso_code = IN-AN-00<ref>Registration Plate Numbers added to ISO Code</ref>
|additional_info = {{Infobox|child=yes
| label2 = Literacy | data2 = 84.4%
| label3 = Avg. summer temperature| data3 ={{convert|30.2|°C|°F}}
| label4 = Avg. winter temperature| data4 ={{convert|23.0|°C|°F}}
| label5 = [[Human sex ratio|Sex ratio]]| data5 =1.2[[male|♂]]/[[female|♀]]
| label7 = Census Code| data7 = 35.639.0004
| label8 = Official Languages| data8 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]], [[English language|English]]
}}
}}
'''Stewart Island''' is an island of the [[Andaman Islands]]. It belongs to the [[North and Middle Andaman district|North and Middle Andaman]] administrative [[Districts of India|district]], part of the [[India]]n [[union territory]] of [[Andaman and Nicobar Islands]].<ref name="census">{{Cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-VillageDirectory/Directory/short_code_rural_35.pdf|title=Village Code Directory: Andaman & Nicobar Islands|publisher=Census of India|accessdate=2011-01-16}}</ref>
The island lies {{convert|150|km|0|abbr=on}} north of [[Port Blair]]. Its population only consists of two people.

==Geography==
The island belongs to the [[Stewart Sound Group]] and lies between Dottrel island and [[Curlew Island (FCPA)|Curlew Island]]. The island is small, having an area of {{convert|7.05|km2|abbr=on}}.

==Administration==
Politically, Stewart Island, along neighboring [[Stewart Sound Group]] Islands, is part of [[Diglipur]] [[Tehsils of India|Taluk]].<ref name="and">{{cite web|url=http://andssw1.and.nic.in/ecostat/basicstatPDF2013_14/1.Demogrpahy.pdf |publisher=andssw1.and.nic.in|title=DEMOGRAPHIC – A&N ISLANDS |accessdate=2016-09-23}}</ref>

==Transportation==
Ferry service is available from [[Mayabunder]], on demand.

== Demographics ==
There is only 1 village, located at {{coord|13.012|N|92.939|E|region:IN-AN_type:isle_dim:50000_source:GNS-enwiki|display=inline}}.
According to the [[2011 census of India]], the Island has 1 households. The effective literacy rate (i.e. the literacy rate of population excluding children aged 6 and below) is 100%.<ref name="census_2011">{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/3500_PART_B_DCHB_ANDAMAN%20&%20NICOBAR%20ISLANDS.pdf |title=District Census Handbook - Andaman & Nicobar Islands |work=[[2011 Census of India]] |publisher=Directorate of Census Operations, Andaman & Nicobar Islands |accessdate=2015-07-21 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150801173328/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/3500_PART_B_DCHB_ANDAMAN%20%26%20NICOBAR%20ISLANDS.pdf |archivedate= 1 August 2015 }}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Demographics (2011 Census)<ref name="census_2011"/>
! !! Total !! Male !! Female
|-
| Population || 2|| 2|| 0
|-
| Children aged below 6 years || 0|| 0|| 0
|-
| [[Scheduled caste]] || 0 || 0 || 0
|-
| [[Scheduled tribe]] || 2|| 2|| 0
|-
| Literates || 2|| 2|| 0
|-
| Workers (all) || 2|| 2|| 0
|-
| Main workers (total) || 2|| 2|| 0
|}
<ref>[http://www.knowandamans.com/2012/10/a-short-trip-to-stewart-island-andaman.html villagers playing volleyball]</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist|2}}
{{Portal|India}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20050728121303/http://www.gsi.gov.in/mudvol.htm Geological Survey of India]
*{{wikivoyage-inline|Andaman and Nicobar Islands}}
{{North and Middle Andaman district |state=collapsed}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Stewart Island, Diglipur}}
[[Category:Cities and towns in North and Middle Andaman district]]
[[Category:Islands of North and Middle Andaman district]]
[[Category:Populated places in India]]
[[Category:Islands of India]]
[[Category:Islands of the Bay of Bengal]]

{{AndamanNicobar-geo-stub}}

Sheikh Mohammad Illias

2026-01-12T19:56:34Z

EveMagill33: put up new page!

{{Short description|Indian politician (born 1958)}}
{{Other uses|Mohammad Ilyas (disambiguation){{!}}Mohammad Ilyas}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Sheikh Mohammad Illias
| native_name =
| office = Member of [[West Bengal Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start = 2001
| term_end = 2009
| predecessor = Debi Sankar Panda
| successor = [[Firoja Bibi]]
| constituency = [[Nandigram Assembly constituency|Nandigram]]
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=y|1958|03|10}}
| birth_place = [[Nandigram I|Samsabad]], [[Midnapore district]], [[West Bengal]], India
| death_date =
| death_place =
| party = [[Communist Party of India]]
| alma_mater =
| education = [[Sitananda College]] [[Nandigram Brajamohan Tewary Sikshaniketan]]
| children =
}}

'''Sheikh Mohammad Illias''' (born 10 March 1958) is an Indian politician belonging to the [[Communist Party of India]]. He was the MLA of [[Nandigram Assembly constituency]] in the [[West Bengal Legislative Assembly]].<ref name=my>{{cite web|url=https://myneta.info/wb2006/candidate.php?candidate_id=489|title=Sk. Mujibur Rahman|website=MyNeta|access-date=9 May 2024}}</ref>

==Early life and education==
Illias was born on 10 March 1958 to a [[Bengalis|Bengali]] family of [[Muslim]] [[Sheikhs of Bengal|Sheikhs]] in the village of [[Nandigram I|Samsabad]] in [[Midnapore district]], [[West Bengal]]. He is the son of Sheikh Abdul Jabbar. Illias studied at the [[Nandigram Brajamohan Tewary Sikshaniketan|Nandigram Braja Mohan Tewary High School]] and [[Sitananda College]]. He holds a [[Bachelor of Science]] degree.<ref name=bio>{{cite book|title=Who's Who of Members|page=345|publisher=West Bengal Legislative Assembly Secretariat|year=2006}}</ref>

==Career==
Illias contested in the [[2001 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]] where he ran as an [[Indian National Congress]] candidate for [[Nandigram Assembly constituency]], defeating Trinamool politician [[Sunil Baran Maiti]].<ref name=election2001>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3193-west-bengal-2001/ |title=West Bengal Legislative Assembly Election, 2001 |date=16 August 2018 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=6 April 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.latestly.com/elections/assembly-elections/west-bengal/2001/nandigram/|title=Nandigram, 2001|website=Latestly|access-date=9 May 2024}}</ref> Illias was a member of the Standing Committee on Housing and Public Works. He was re-elected in the [[2006 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]], defeating Maiti once again.<ref name=election2006>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3194-west-bengal-2006/ |title=West Bengal Legislative Assembly Election, 2006 |date=16 August 2018 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=6 April 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.latestly.com/elections/assembly-elections/west-bengal/2006/nandigram/|title=Nandigram, 2006|website=Latestly|access-date=9 May 2024}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Illias, Sk. Mahammad}}
[[Category:1958 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:West Bengal MLAs 2006–2011]]
[[Category:People from Purba Medinipur district]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian Muslims]]
[[Category:21st-century Bengali people]]
[[Category:Bengali Muslims]]
[[Category:Indian Sunni Muslims]]
[[Category:Communist Party of India (Marxist) politician stubs]]
[[Category:Communist Party of India (Marxist) politicians from West Bengal]]

{{WestBengal-CPIndiaMarxist-politician-stub}}

2 naye paise (Indian coin)

2026-01-09T01:05:37Z

EveMagill33: added new post basic info

{{Short description|Unit of currency that is 2/100 that of the Indian rupee}}
{{distinguish|2 paise (Indian coin)}}
{{Infobox coin
| Denomination = Two naye paise {{nobold|{{lang|hi|दो नए पैसे|italic=no}}}}
| Country = {{flag|India}}
| Value = {{frac|2|100}} [[Indian rupee]]
| Unit =
| Mass_g = 2.95
| Mass_troy_oz =
| Mass_grain = 45.5
| Mass_ounce =
| Mass_special = 
| Gold_troy_oz =
| Silver_troy_oz =
| Diameter_mm = 18
| Diameter_inch = 0.71
| Diameter_special = 
| Thickness_mm = 1.80
| Thickness_inch = 0.071
| Thickness_special = 
| Edge = Smooth
| Composition = [[Cupronickel]]
| Years of Minting = {{Start date|1957}}
| Mintage =
| Mint marks = [[India Government Mint, Mumbai|Mumbai]] = ⧫
| Circulation = [[Legal tender#Demonetization|Demonetized]]
| Catalog Number = KM#11
| Obverse =
| Obverse Design = [[State Emblem of India]] with country name.
| Obverse Designer =
| Obverse Design Date =
| Obverse Discontinued =
| Obverse2 =
| Obverse2 Design =
| Obverse2 Designer =
| Obverse2 Design Date =
| Obverse2 Discontinued =
| Obverse3 =
| Obverse3 Design =
| Obverse3 Designer =
| Obverse3 Design Date =
| Obverse3 Discontinued =
| Obverse4 =
| Obverse4 Design =
| Obverse4 Designer =
| Obverse4 Design Date =
| Obverse4 Discontinued =
| Reverse =
| Reverse Design = Face value and year of minting
| Reverse Designer =
| Reverse Design Date =
| Reverse Discontinued =
| Reverse2 =
| Reverse2 Design =
| Reverse2 Designer =
| Reverse2 Design Date =
| Reverse2 Discontinued =
| Reverse3 =
| Reverse3 Design =
| Reverse3 Designer =
| Reverse3 Design Date =
| Reverse3 Discontinued =
| Reverse4 =
| Reverse4 Design =
| Reverse4 Designer =
| Reverse4 Design Date =
| Reverse4 Discontinued =
}}
The Indian '''Two naye paise''' ({{langx|hi|दो नए पैसे}}) (singular: ''Paisa'') is a unit of [[currency]] equaling {{frac|2|100}} of the [[Indian rupee]]. The symbol for paisa is '''p'''.

==History==
Prior to 1957, the [[Indian rupee]] was not [[Decimalisation|decimalised]] and the rupee from 1835 to 1957 [[Anno Domini|AD]] was further divided into 16 [[Anna (monetary subunit)|annas]]. Each anna was further divided to four [[Indian pice]]s and each pice into three [[Pie (monetary subunit)|pies]] till 1947 when the pie was demonetized. In 1955, India amended the "[[The Indian Coinage Act, 1906|Indian Coinage Act]]" to adopt the metric system for coinage. Paisa coins were introduced in 1957, but from 1957 to 1964 the coin was called "Naya Paisa" (English: ''New Paisa''). On 1 June 1964, the term "Naya" was dropped and the denomination was simply called "One paisa". Paisa coins were issued as a part of "The Decimal Series".<ref name="2 naye paise details">{{cite news|title=2 naye paise details|publisher=India Numismatics|accessdate=26 August 2017|url=https://en.numista.com/catalogue/pieces1625.html}}</ref><ref name="Republic India Coinage">{{cite news|title=Republic India Coinage|publisher=[[Reserve Bank of India]]|accessdate=26 August 2017|url=https://rbi.org.in/SCRIPTs/mc_republic.aspx}}</ref><ref name="History of Indian coins">{{cite news|title=History of Indian coins|publisher=India Numismatics|accessdate=26 August 2017|url=https://indianumismatics.wordpress.com/category/history-of-indian-coins/}}</ref>

==Mintage==
Two naye paise coins was minted from 1957 to 1963 at the [[India Government Mint, Mumbai|India Government mint]] in [[Mumbai|Bombay]] (present day Mumbai) and borne symbol ⧫ (small dot/diamond) as mint mark. The coin has been [[Withdrawal of low-denomination coins|demonetized]].<ref name="History of Indian coins"/><ref name="2 naye paise">{{cite news|title=2 naye paise|publisher=colnect.com|accessdate=26 August 2017|url=http://colnect.com/en/coins/list/variant/2100}}</ref>

===Total mintage===
Total 1,826,326,000 coins were minted from 1957 to 1964.<ref name="2 naye paise"/>

===Composition===
Two naye paise coins were minted from [[Cupronickel]] alloy in [[Coin orientation|medallic orientation]]. The coins weighed 2.95 grams, had a diameter of {{convert|18|mm|in}} and thickness of {{convert|1.8|mm|in}}. Scalloped with eight notches, the coins had smooth edge.<ref name="2 naye paise details"/>

==Variants==
{|class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%"
|-
! colspan="13"|Variants (1957-1964).
|-
! colspan="2"| Image !! rowspan="2"| Value !! colspan="4"| Technical parameters !! colspan="3"| Description !! colspan="2"| Year of minting !! rowspan="2"| Monetary status
|-
! Obverse !! Reverse !! Weight !! Diameter !! Thickness !! Metal !! Edge !! Obverse !! Reverse !! First !! Last
|-
| colspan="2"| [[File:2 Indian naye paise.jpg|125px]] || 2 naye paise || 2.95 g || 18 mm || 1.8 mm || [[Cupronickel]] || Smooth || [[State Emblem of India]] & country name in Hindi and English. || Face-value and year. || 1957 || 1964 || [[Legal tender#Demonetization|Demonetized]].<ref name="2 naye paise details"/>
|-
|}

==See also==
* [[Indian paisa]]

{{Portal bar|India|Numismatics|Money}}

==References==
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}

{{Indian currency}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Historical currencies of India]]
[[Category:Coins of India]]

Gurdwara Sis Ganj Sahib

2026-01-07T11:06:55Z

EveMagill33: new info!

{{Short description|Sikh temple in Delhi, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2018}}

{{Infobox religious building
| building_name = Gurudwara Sis Ganj Sahib
| infobox_width =
| image = File:Sisganj GUrudwara in Old Delhi.jpg4.jpg
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption = Gurdwara Sis Ganj Sahib Delhi {{maplink|frame=yes|plain=yes|type=point|zoom=15|frame-align=center|frame-width=220}}
| map_type =
| map_size =
| map_caption =
| location = [[Chandni Chowk]], [[Old Delhi]], [[India]].
| geo = {{coord|28.6558|77.2325}}
| religious_affiliation = [[Sikhism]]
| rite =
| state =Delhi
| consecration_year =
| heritage_designation =
| website =
| architecture = yes
| architect =
| architecture_type =
| architecture_style = [[Sikh architecture]], [[Islamic Architecture]] and [[Mughal Architecture]]
| groundbreaking =
| year_completed = built in 1783, current structure mostly built post 1930
| construction_cost =
| specifications =
| capacity =
| length =
| width =
| materials =
| nrhp =
| added =
| refnum =
| designated =
}}

'''Gurdwara Sis Ganj Sahib''' is one of the nine historical [[Gurdwara]]s in [[Delhi]]. It was first constructed in 1783 as a small shrine by [[Baghel Singh]] to commemorate the martyrdom site of the ninth [[Sikh Guru]], [[Tegh Bahadur]] and was probably expanded after [[Indian Rebellion of 1857]] or after [[Partition of India]]. Before its construction the [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] ''Kotwali'' (Police Station and Jail) was situated here.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Discovering Old Delhi: a heritage walk in Chandni Chowk, 26 Aug 2012 {{!}} Delhi Heritage Walks|url=http://blog.delhiheritagewalks.com/discovering-old-delhi-a-heritage-walk-in-chandni-chowk-26-aug-2012/|access-date=2021-05-26|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last1=Bayley|first1=Emily|url=https://archive.org/details/goldencalmenglis00bayl|title=The Golden calm : an English lady's life in Moghul Delhi : reminiscences|last2=Metcalfe|first2=Thomas|last3=Kaye|first3=M. M. (Mary Margaret)|date=1980|publisher=New York : Viking Press|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-670-34400-0}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Smith|first=R. V.|date=2019-06-17|title=Delhi's gory heritage of the Khalsa panth|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/society/history-and-culture/recalling-a-ruthless-act-in-1675-the-beheading-of-guru-tegh-bahadur-and-the-places-in-delhi-associated-with-it/article27990910.ece|access-date=2021-05-26|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> After the [[Indian Rebellion of 1857]] the Mughal Kotwali was demolished by the [[British Raj|British]] and the land was given to the [[Sikhs]] as the [[maharaja of Patiala]] and other Sikh soldiers helped the [[British Raj|British]] to defeat the Mughal soldiers by providing large numbers of [[ammunition]] and soldiers.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Dalrymple|first=William|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wYW5J-jQn8QC|title=The Last Mughal: The Fall of Delhi, 1857|date=2009-08-17|publisher=A&C Black|isbn=978-1-4088-0688-3|language=en}}</ref> Its current building was made by Rai Bahadur Narain Singh a contractor who build most of roads in Lutyens New Delhi construction under British Rule. Situated in [[Chandni Chowk]] in [[Old Delhi]], it marks the site where the ninth Sikh Guru was beheaded on the orders of the [[Mughal emperor]] [[Aurangzeb]] on 11 November 1675. The Sikh regiment of the Indian army salute the Sis Ganj Gurudwara before saluting the president of India since 1979, the only instance of saluting twice in the Republic Day parade by a regiment of Indian army.<ref>{{cite book |title=Guru Tegh Bahadur: background and the supreme sacrifice|editor=Gurbachan Singh Talib |publisher=Punjabi University |year=1976}}</ref><ref name=encyc/>

==History==

=== Execution of Guru Tegh Bahadur ===
The ninth Sikh Guru, Guru Tegh Bahadur was beheaded here on 24 November 1675 on the orders of the Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb. However, before the Guru's body could be quartered and exposed to public view, it was taken under the cover of darkness by Lakhi Shah Vanjara who then burnt his own house to cremate Guru's body; today, at this site stands [[Gurdwara Rakab Ganj Sahib]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.happytrips.com/destinations/guru-tegh-bahadur-martyrdom-day-2017-visit-this-gurudwara-in-old-delhi/as61778061.cms|title=Guru Tegh Bahadur Martyrdom Day 2017: visit this Gurudwara in old Delhi|last=Sengar|first=Resham|work=HappyTrips|access-date=2017-12-10}}</ref>

The severed head ("Sis" in Hindi or Punjabi) of Guru Tegh Bahadur was brought to [[Anandpur Sahib]] by [[Bhai Jiwan Singh|Bhai Jaita]], another disciple of the Guru.<ref name="encyc" /><ref name="ss" /> Another gurudwara by the same name, Gurudwara Sisganj Sahib at [[Anandpur Sahib]] in Punjab, marks this site, where, in November 1675, the head of the martyred Guru Teg Bahadur, brought by Bhai Jaita (renamed Bhai Jivan Singh according to [[Sikh rites]]), in defiance of the Mughal authorities, was cremated.

The trunk of the tree beneath which the head of the Guru was severed and the well used by him for taking bath during his prison term have been preserved in the shrine. Also, adjoining the gurudwara, stands the ''[[Police station|Kotwali]]'' (police station), where Guru was imprisoned and his disciples were tortured. Located close to it is the [[Sunehri Masjid (Chandni Chowk)]].

=== Construction of a shrine by Baghel Singh ===
[[File:Photograph of Gurdwara Sis Ganj Sahib in Chandni Chowk, Delhi, ca.1913–16.jpg|thumb|Photograph of Gurdwara Sis Ganj Sahib in Chandni Chowk, Delhi, ca.1913–16]]
On 11 March 1783, Sikh military leader [[Baghel Singh]] (1730–1802) of the [[Singh Krora Misl|Karora Misl]] marched into Delhi along with his army.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Madra |first=Amandeep Singh |title=Sicques, Tigers or Thieves: Eyewitness Accounts of the Sikhs (1606-1810) |last2=Singh |first2=Parmjit |date=27 September 2016 |publisher=Springer |isbn=9781137119988 |pages=109-110}}</ref> He occupied the [[Diwan-i-Am (Red Fort)|Diwan-i-Am]], the Mughal emperor [[Shah Alam II]] made a settlement with them agreeing to allow Baghel Singh to raise gurudwaras on Sikh historical sites in the city and receive six annas in a rupee (37.5%) of all the octroi duties in the capital.<ref name=":0" /> Sis Ganj was one of the shrines built by him (with eight Sikh shrines connected to the Sikh gurus being constructed in the city by him<ref name=":0" />), within the time span of eight months, from April to November 1783.

Baghel Singh did not actually know the exact location that the guru's beheading had taken place, only knowing that the place was somewhere near a mosque in Chandni Chowk.<ref name=":0" /> A local, elderly Muslim woman belonging to the water-carrier caste got in-contact with him and revealed that her father had actually been the one who had cleaned the site of the guru's execution after the event and he was an eye-witness to the execution itself.<ref name=":0" /> She explained that the guru at the time of his beheading had been seated upon a wooden ''chauki'' (seat) that faced in the eastern direction of the compound wall of the mosque.<ref name=":0" /> A part of this very wall was then removed and a shrine was then constructed in the compound.<ref name=":0" />

=== Modern period ===
[[File:Photograph of a ceremony at Gurdwara Sis Ganj Sahib, Chandni Chowk, Delhi, by Gertrude Bell, January 1903 (3).png|thumb|Photograph of a ceremony at Gurdwara Sis Ganj Sahib, Chandni Chowk, Delhi, by [[Gertrude Bell]], January 1903]]
However, due to volatile political climate in the coming century, the site alternated between being a mosque and a gurudwara. It became a site of dispute between two communities, and litigation followed. Eventually, after prolonged ligation the Privy Council during [[British Raj]] ruled in the favour of the Sikh litigants and the present structure was added in 1930; gold gild of the domes was added in the coming years. The Mughal-era ''Kotwali'' was handed over to the [[Delhi Sikh Gurdwara Management Committee]] around 1971.<ref name="encyc">{{cite book |title=The encyclopedia of Sikhism|author=H. S Singha|publisher=Hemkunt Press |year=2000|isbn=81-7010-301-0 |page=187 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gqIbJz7vMn0C&dq=Gurudwara+Shish+Ganj&pg=PA187 }}</ref><ref name="ss">{{cite book |title=Sikh Studies, Book 7|author=H.S. Singha|publisher=Hemkunt Press|year=2005|isbn=81-7010-245-6 |page=43 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nRodBu9seiIC&dq=Gurudwara+Shish+Ganj&pg=PA43 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Guru Tegh Bahadur: testimony of conscience|author=Mohindar Pal Kohli|publisher=[[Sahitya Akademi]] |year=1992|isbn=81-7201-234-9 |page=36 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3H1XAEqCOqAC&dq=Gurudwara+Shish+Ganj&pg=PA36 }}</ref>

==Photo gallery==
<gallery>
File:Photograph of a ceremony at Gurdwara Sis Ganj Sahib, Chandni Chowk, Delhi, by Gertrude Bell, January 1903 (4).png|Photograph of a ceremony at Gurdwara Sis Ganj Sahib, Chandni Chowk, Delhi, by Gertrude Bell, January 1903
File:Photograph of a ceremony at Gurdwara Sis Ganj Sahib, Chandni Chowk, Delhi, by Gertrude Bell, January 1903 (1).png|Photograph of a ceremony at Gurdwara Sis Ganj Sahib, Chandni Chowk, Delhi, by Gertrude Bell, January 1903
File:Photograph of a ceremony at Gurdwara Sis Ganj Sahib, Chandni Chowk, Delhi, by Gertrude Bell, January 1903 (2).png|Photograph of a ceremony at Gurdwara Sis Ganj Sahib, Chandni Chowk, Delhi, by Gertrude Bell, January 1903
File:Photograph of Sikh soldiers at a ceremony at Gurdwara Sis Ganj Sahib, Chandni Chowk, Delhi, by Gertrude Bell, January 1903.png|Photograph of Sikh soldiers at a ceremony at Gurdwara Sis Ganj Sahib, Chandni Chowk, Delhi, by Gertrude Bell, January 1903
File:India - Delhi Sikh Temple - 5758.jpg|View of the Prayer hall from above
File:Gurdwara sis ganj.jpg|Gurdwara Sri Guru Sis Ganj Sahib in Chandni Chowk
File:Sheesh Ganj Gurudwara.jpg|Sri Guru Sheesh Ganj Sahib Gurudwara
File:Interior-view-Gurudwara-Sis-Ganj-Sahib-Night-View.jpg|View of the front of the [[Darbar Sahib Hall|Darbar Sahib]] or Prayer Hall showing the [[Palki]] housing the Guru Granth Sahibji
</gallery>

==See also==
* [[Golden temple]]
* [[Sikhism]]
* [[Gurdwara Rakab Ganj Sahib]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category|Gurudwara Sis Ganj Sahib}}
* [http://www.india9.com/i9show/Gurdwara-Shish-Ganj-25427.htm Gurudwara Sis Ganj]
* [http://wikimapia.org/365520/Sis-Ganj-Gurudwara-Chandni-Chowk Gurudwara Sis Ganj] at [[wikimapia]]
{{Sikhism}}
{{Delhi landmarks}}
{{coord|28.6558|N|77.2325|E|source:kolossus-ukwiki|display=title}}

[[Category:Religious buildings and structures completed in 1930]]
[[Category:Gurdwaras in Delhi]]
[[Category:1783 establishments in British India]]

Nabadwip State General Hospital

2025-12-31T02:52:08Z

EveMagill33: Creating Some Post First Draft

'''Nabadwip State General Hospital''' is the main hospital in [[Nabadwip]]. It is the [[Government hospital]] of [[West Bengal]], founded in 1897. It was formerly known as the ''Garrett Hospital''. [[Blood bank]] service has been started here since 2015.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Blood {{!}} Government Of West Bengal|url=https://bloodbank.silpasathi.in/aspx/statehospitallist.html|access-date=2020-12-03|website=bloodbank.silpasathi.in}}</ref>
{{infobox hospital
| name = Nabadwip State General Hospital
| org_group = [[West Bengal Government]]
| logo =
| logo_size =
| image = Outer view of Nabadwip State General Hospital.jpg
| image_size =
| caption = Nabadwip State General Hospital
| coordinates = {{coord|23.424827|88.3572076|type:statement|display=inline}}
| location = Nabadwip
| region = [[Nadia District]]
| state = [[West Bengal]]
| country = [[India]]
| healthcare =
| funding = Government
| type = General
| affiliation =
| patron =
| network =
| standards =
| emergency = Present
| beds = 125
| helipad =
| speciality =
| founded = {{start date and age|1897|df=y}} (as ''Garrett Hospital'')
| closed =
| demolished =
| website = 
| other_links =
| h1-number =
| h1-length-m =
| h1-length-f =
| h1-surface = 
}}

== History ==
Nabadwip Hospital was established in 1897. The hospital was named as '''''Garrett Hospital''''' after the name of the Nadia [[District Magistrate]] J. H. R. Garrett.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Garrett|first=J. H. E.|url=http://archive.org/details/dli.bengal.10689.10795|title=Bengal District Gazeteers: Nadia|publisher=Bengal Secretariat Book Depot, Kolkata|year=1910|isbn=|location=Calcutta|pages=64}}</ref> It was built with the help of the financial support of [[Nadia Raj]] Kshitish Chandra Roy, Raja Narendralal Khan of Narazol and Rani Tarasundari Devi. Later, Anandmoy Roy, Sitanath Chowdhury, Debendranath Bagchi, Kishori Dasi, Ranjit Pal Chowdhury and Dr. Manilal Kundu provided special financial assistance for the improvement of the hospital. Brajokrishna Mukherjee was the first assistant [[surgeon]] of this hospital. Before the establishment of the hospital, there was a Charitable clinics of Ratnamani Kundu.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Rarhi|first=Kantichandra|url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.512971|title=Nabadwip Mahima|date=1937|publisher=|isbn=|editor-last=Dutta|editor-first=Jiyendranath|location=|pages=424|editor-last2=Dutta|editor-first2=Phanibhushan}}</ref>

== Services ==
At present the number of beds in this hospital is 125.<ref>{{cite web|title=Health & Family Welfare Department|url=https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/other_files/Hospitals.pdf|accessdate=4 October 2020|work=Health Statistics – Hospitals|publisher=Government of West Bengal|archive-date=14 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200914160418/https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/other_files/Hospitals.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> The blood bank service was started on August 14, 2015, at this Nabadwip Hospital.<ref>{{Cite web|title=দীর্ঘ দিনের দাবি মেনে ব্লাডব্যাঙ্ক চালু নবদ্বীপে|url=https://www.anandabazar.com/health/blood-bank-starts-at-nabadwip-hospital-1.192393|access-date=2020-12-03|website=anandabazar.com|language=bn}}</ref> As a result, in addition to the [[Nabadwip Municipality]] and Panchayat, several lakhs of people from Vidyanagar, Chandpur, Srirampur, Jahannagar, Bhandartikuri and Purbasthali, adjacent to Nabadwip benefited. Initially the blood bank is opened from 9 am to 2 pm but later it is open till evening according to the demand of common people.<ref>{{Cite web|title=নবদ্বীপে বিকেল ৪টের পরেও খোলা থাকবে ব্লাড ব্যাঙ্ক|url=https://www.anandabazar.com/district/nadia-murshidabad/blood-banks-will-remain-open-after-4pm-in-nabadwip-1.581600|access-date=2020-12-03|website=anandabazar.com|language=bn}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Hospitals in West Bengal]]
[[Category:Hospitals established in 1897]]
[[Category:1897 establishments in British India]]

Amit Kumar Dhankar

2025-11-25T05:27:58Z

EveMagill33: made new bio initial version

{{Short description|Indian sport wrestler (born 1987)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2015}}
{{Use British English|date=September 2013}}
{{Infobox sportsperson
| headercolor =
| name = Amit Kumar Dhankar
| image = Amit Dhankar (India) won Gold medal in 70Kg Men’s wrestling, at the 12th South Asian Games-2016, in Guwahati on February 07, 2016.jpg
| caption = Dhankhar after winning Gold at the [[2016 South Asian Games]]
| birth_name =
| fullname =
| nickname =
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| nationality = [[India]]n
| residence =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1987|1|2}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Wrestling: Player Details: Amit Amit |url=http://kerala2015.com/wr/gen/player/p40012736.htm |website=kerala2015.com |publisher=[[Indian Olympic Association]] |accessdate=25 March 2016 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160325050705/http://kerala2015.com/wr/gen/player/p40012736.htm |archivedate=25 March 2016 |url-status=dead |df=dmy }}</ref>
| birth_place = [[Rohtak district|Humayunpur]], [[Haryana]], [[India]]<ref>{{cite news|last1=Deswal |first1=Deepender |title=Haryanvis shine at NDA passing out parade |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Haryanvis-shine-at-NDA-passing-out-parade/articleshow/10937568.cms |accessdate=25 March 2016 |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=1 December 2011 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160221163104/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Haryanvis-shine-at-NDA-passing-out-parade/articleshow/10937568.cms |archivedate=21 February 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Jolly |first1=Asit |title=Wrestling's dreams turn to dust |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/sport/story/20130304-wrestling-olympics-status-ioc-india-762184-1999-11-29 |access-date=25 March 2016 |work=[[India Today]] |date=22 February 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160221163132/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/wrestling-olympics-status-ioc-india/1/251315.html |archive-date=21 February 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref>
| death_date =
| death_place =
| height =
| weight =
| country = [[India]]
| sport = [[Freestyle wrestling]]
| spouse =
| event =
| collegeteam =
| universityteam =
| club =
| team =
| turnedpro =
| partner =
| former_partner =
| coach =
| retired =
| coaching =
| worlds =
| regionals =
| nationals =
| olympics =
| highestranking =
| show-medals =
| updated =
| medaltemplates =
{{MedalSport|Men's [[Wrestling]]}}
{{MedalCountry | {{IND}} }}
{{MedalCompetition|[[Asian Wrestling Championships]]}}
{{MedalGold| [[2013 Asian Wrestling Championships|2013 New Delhi]] | 66 kg Freestyle}}
{{MedalSilver| [[2019 Asian Wrestling Championships|2019 Xi'an]] | 74 kg Freestyle}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[Commonwealth Wrestling Championship]]}}
{{MedalSilver| 2007 London<ref>{{cite web |title=2007 - Commonwealth Wrestling Championships - Information & RESULTS |url=http://commonwealthwrestling.sharepoint.com/Pages/2007Championships.aspx |publisher=Commonwealth Amateur Wrestling Association (CAWA) |accessdate=19 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131023093657/http://commonwealthwrestling.sharepoint.com/Pages/2007Championships.aspx |archive-date=23 October 2013 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Special Award money to 31 Wrestlers & 26 Coaches released |url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/erelcontent.aspx?relid=45984 |accessdate=19 September 2015 |work=[[Press Information Bureau]]}}</ref> | 66 kg Freestyle}}
{{MedalSilver| 2007 London<ref>{{cite web |title=2007 - Commonwealth Wrestling Championships - Information & RESULTS |url=http://commonwealthwrestling.sharepoint.com/Pages/2007Championships.aspx |publisher=Commonwealth Amateur Wrestling Association (CAWA) |accessdate=19 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131023093657/http://commonwealthwrestling.sharepoint.com/Pages/2007Championships.aspx |archive-date=23 October 2013 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Special Award money to 31 Wrestlers & 26 Coaches released |url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/erelcontent.aspx?relid=45984 |accessdate=19 September 2015 |work=[[Press Information Bureau]]}}</ref> | 66 kg GR}}
{{MedalBronze| 2009 Jalandhar<ref>{{cite news|title=Sushil wins gold at Commonwealth Wrestling |url=http://www.ndtv.com/sports-news/sushil-wins-gold-at-commonwealth-wrestling-407232 |accessdate=27 November 2016 |work=[[NDTV]] |agency=[[Press Trust of India|PTI]] |date=20 December 2009 |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20160917063706/http://www.ndtv.com/sports-news/sushil-wins-gold-at-commonwealth-wrestling-407232 |archivedate=17 September 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref> | 66 kg Freestyle}}
{{MedalGold| 2011 Melbourne<ref>{{cite web |title=RESULTS - 2011 Championships |url=http://commonwealthwrestling.sharepoint.com/Pages/2011ChampionshipResults.aspx |publisher=Commonwealth Amateur Wrestling Association (CAWA) |accessdate=19 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160313041201/http://commonwealthwrestling.sharepoint.com/Pages/2011ChampionshipResults.aspx |archive-date=13 March 2016 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref> | 66 kg Freestyle}}
{{MedalGold| 2013 Johannesburg<ref>{{cite web |title=2013 - COMMONWEALTH WRESTLING CHAMPIONSHIPS |url=http://commonwealthwrestling.sharepoint.com/Pages/2013CommonwealthChampionships.aspx |publisher=Commonwealth Amateur Wrestling Association (CAWA) |accessdate=11 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160321120914/http://commonwealthwrestling.sharepoint.com/Pages/2013CommonwealthChampionships.aspx |archive-date=21 March 2016 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref> | 66 kg Freestyle}}
{{MedalGold| 2016 Singapore<ref name="CWC 2016">{{cite news|title=Sandeep Tomar, Satyawart Kadian, Ritu Phogat bag gold at Commonwealth Wrestling Championships |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/sports/sport-others/sandeep-tomar-satyawart-kadian-ritu-phogat-bag-gold-at-commonwealth-wrestling-championships-3738975/ |accessdate=8 November 2016 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |agency=[[Press Trust of India|PTI]] |date=5 November 2016 |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20161108160712/http://indianexpress.com/article/sports/sport-others/sandeep-tomar-satyawart-kadian-ritu-phogat-bag-gold-at-commonwealth-wrestling-championships-3738975/ |archivedate=8 November 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref> | 70 kg Freestyle}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[South Asian Games]]}}
{{MedalGold| [[Wrestling at the 2016 South Asian Games|2016 Guwahati]]<ref>{{cite news |last1=Sharma |first1=Amitabha Das |title=Inam denies an Indian sweep |url=http://www.thehindu.com/sport/other-sports/south-asian-games-inam-denies-an-indian-sweep/article8206383.ece |accessdate=25 March 2016 |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=7 February 2016 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160325040753/http://www.thehindu.com/sport/other-sports/south-asian-games-inam-denies-an-indian-sweep/article8206383.ece |archivedate=25 March 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref> | 70 kg Freestyle}}
}}
'''Amit Kumar Dhankar''' (born 2 January 1987) is a [[freestyle wrestler]] from [[India]]. He became Asian wrestling champion in 2013, along with becoming Commonwealth wrestling champion twice.<ref>{{cite news |title=Asian wrestling: Amit Kumar Dhankar bags gold, helps India win freestyle trophy |url=http://sports.ndtv.com/wrestling/news/206700-asian-wrestling-amit-kumar-dhankar-bags-gold-helps-india-win-freestyle-trophy |accessdate=25 March 2016 |work=[[NDTV]] |agency=[[Press Trust of India]] |date=22 April 2013 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160325081843/http://sports.ndtv.com/wrestling/news/206700-asian-wrestling-amit-kumar-dhankar-bags-gold-helps-india-win-freestyle-trophy |archivedate=25 March 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Freestyle wrestlers win 14 medals at Commonwealth Championships |url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2013-12-06/news/44865542_1_14-medals-three-bronze-medals-commonwealth-championships |access-date=24 March 2016 |work=[[The Economic Times]] |agency=[[Press Trust of India]] |date=6 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160324085900/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2013-12-06/news/44865542_1_14-medals-three-bronze-medals-commonwealth-championships |archive-date=24 March 2016 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Indians shine in Commonwealth Wrestling Championships |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/more-sports/wrestling/Indians-shine-in-Commonwealth-Wrestling-Championships/articleshow/9532013.cms |accessdate=25 March 2016 |work=[[The Times of India]] |agency=[[Press Trust of India]] |date=8 August 2011 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160313042540/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/more-sports/wrestling/Indians-shine-in-Commonwealth-Wrestling-Championships/articleshow/9532013.cms |archivedate=13 March 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref> He also won gold medal in the [[2016 South Asian Games]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Sharma |first1=Amitabha Das |title=Inam denies an Indian sweep|url=http://www.thehindu.com/sport/other-sports/south-asian-games-inam-denies-an-indian-sweep/article8206383.ece |accessdate=25 March 2016 |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=7 February 2016 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160325040753/http://www.thehindu.com/sport/other-sports/south-asian-games-inam-denies-an-indian-sweep/article8206383.ece |archivedate=25 March 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref> In 2015, he participated in the inaugural edition of the [[Pro Wrestling League]], where his team won the title.<ref>{{cite web |title=Pro Wrestling League Freestyle Seniors 2015-12-10 Delhi, Bangalore (IND) |url=https://www.iat.uni-leipzig.de/datenbanken/dbfoeldeak/daten.php?wkid=1835E40796784CD7A417F9F4DDFB113B&gkl=1 |publisher=Institut für Angewandte Trainingswissenschaft (IAT) |accessdate=25 March 2016 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160325073139/https://www.iat.uni-leipzig.de/datenbanken/dbfoeldeak/daten.php?wkid=1835E40796784CD7A417F9F4DDFB113B&gkl=1 |archivedate=25 March 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref> He is employed as an inspector in the [[Haryana Police]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Barua |first1=Suhrid |title=Interview with Indian wrestler Amit Kumar Dhankar: "Rio Olympics is my biggest focus area now" |url=https://in.news.yahoo.com/interview-indian-wrestler-amit-kumar-144731898.html |accessdate=25 March 2016 |work=[[Yahoo! News]] |date=18 February 2016 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160325084056/https://in.news.yahoo.com/interview-indian-wrestler-amit-kumar-144731898.html |archivedate=25 March 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref>

Owing to the presence of [[Yogeshwar Dutt]] in Dhankar's weight category, he could hardly get a chance to represent India in the events like [[Commonwealth Games]], [[Asian Games]], [[World Wrestling Championships]], Olympic Qualifiers, etc. In 2014, Dhankar moved to the [[Delhi High Court]] after the Wrestling Federation of India shortlisted [[Yogeshwar Dutt]] for the [[2014 Commonwealth Games]] without conducting trials,<ref>{{cite news|last1=Sejwal |first1=Ritu |title=Eye on Glasgow - No trials for CWG, Amit moves HC |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/commonwealth-games-2014/india-at-glasgow/Eye-on-Glasgow-No-trials-for-CWG-Amit-moves-HC/articleshow/36534324.cms |accessdate=25 March 2016 |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=14 June 2014 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160325064822/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/commonwealth-games-2014/india-at-glasgow/Eye-on-Glasgow-No-trials-for-CWG-Amit-moves-HC/articleshow/36534324.cms |archivedate=25 March 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref> but to no avail.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Hussain |first1=Sabi |title=Getting a grip |url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2014/20140717/sports.htm#1 |accessdate=25 March 2016 |work=[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)]] |date=17 July 2014 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160325065816/http://www.tribuneindia.com/2014/20140717/sports.htm |archivedate=25 March 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref> In 2015, at the trails for the [[World Wrestling Championships]], [[Yogeshwar Dutt]] was able to defeat Dhankar to secure his place in the 65 kg category of the Freestyle.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Hussain |first1=Sabi |title=Yogi rests his case, once and for all |url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/news/sport/yogi-rests-his-case-once-and-for-all/103779.html |accessdate=25 March 2016 |work=[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)]] |date=8 July 2015 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160325074215/http://www.tribuneindia.com/news/sport/yogi-rests-his-case-once-and-for-all/103779.html |archivedate=25 March 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref> In 2016, Yogeshwar again defeated Dhankar in the trials of the Asian Olympic qualifiers.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Vasavda |first1=Mihir |title=In fledgling rivalry, Yogeshwar Dutt prevails over Amit Dhankar |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/sports/sport-others/rio-olympics-2016-wrestling-sushil-kumar-yogeshwar-dutt-india/ |accessdate=25 March 2016 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |date=5 March 2016 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160325073446/http://indianexpress.com/article/sports/sport-others/rio-olympics-2016-wrestling-sushil-kumar-yogeshwar-dutt-india/ |archivedate=25 March 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

==External links==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20160325050705/http://kerala2015.com/wr/gen/player/p40012736.htm Profile] by the [[Indian Olympic Association]].

{{DEFAULTSORT:Dhankar, Amit}}
[[Category:Indian male sport wrestlers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian sportsmen]]
[[Category:Sport wrestlers from Haryana]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1987 births]]
[[Category:South Asian Games gold medalists for India]]
[[Category:South Asian Games medalists in wrestling]]
[[Category:Asian Wrestling Championships medalists]]

Cyient

2025-11-24T13:31:34Z

EveMagill33: new pg!

{{Short description|Global multinational technology company}}
{{Cleanup-PR|1=article|date=April 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2016}}
{{Infobox company
| name = Cyient
| logo = Cyient logo.svg
| type = [[Public company|Public]]
| traded_as = {{ubl|{{BSE|532175}}|{{NSE|CYIENT}}}}
| ISIN = INE136B01020
| location = [[Hyderabad]], India
| founder = [[B. V. R. Mohan Reddy]]
| founded = {{start date and age|1991}}
| industry = [[Information technology]] [[Electronics manufacturing services|Electronics]]
| area_served = Worldwide
| key_people = Sukamal Banerjee (CEO)<ref>{{cite news |title=IT firm Cyient appoints Sukamal Banerjee as CEO |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/tech/information-tech/cyient-appoints-sukamal-banerjee-as-ceo/articleshow/118391079.cms |access-date=1 October 2025 |work=The Economic Times |date=19 February 2025}}</ref>
| num_employees = 10,000+ (2018)
| revenue = {{up}} {{INRConvert|7147|c}} (FY24)<ref name="fy24"/>
| operating_income = {{up}} {{INRConvert|986|c}} (FY24)<ref name="fy24"/>
| net_income = {{up}} {{INRConvert|702|c}} (FY24)<ref name="fy24">{{cite news |title=Financial Results For The Quarter And Year Ended 31 March 2024 |url=https://www.bseindia.com/xml-data/corpfiling/AttachLive/cb9111c5-eac9-4644-bff8-581f7d66a064.pdf |access-date=26 March 2024 |work=BSE}}</ref>
| homepage = {{URL|www.cyient.com}}
| former_name = Infotech Enterprises Limited
| subsid = Cyient DLM
}}

'''Cyient''' (formerly '''Infotech Enterprises Limited''') is an Indian [[Multinational corporation|multinational]] technology company that is focused on [[engineering]], [[manufacturing]], [[data analytics]], [[Computer network|network]]s and operations. It was established in 1991 in [[Hyderabad]] as Infotech Enterprises Ltd.<ref name=seay-gregory/> Infotech Enterprises was re-branded as Cyient in 2014.<ref name="top-out">{{Citation
|publisher = IAOP
| year =2014
| title =The 2014 Global Outsourcing 100
| url =http://www.iaop.org/Content/19/165/3879
| accessdate =February 27, 2017
}}</ref>

==History==
{{CSS image crop
|Image = Cyient Ltd .jpg
|bSize = 400
|cWidth = 250
|cHeight = 150
|oTop = 20
|oLeft= 45
|Location=right
|Description = Cyient office in [[Manikonda]], [[Hyderabad]]
}}
Cyient was established as Infotech Enterprises Ltd in 1991 in [[Hyderabad]]<ref name=seay-gregory/> by [[B. V. R. Mohan Reddy]]. In 1995, the company received its first [[ISO 9002]] certification from BVQi London for its conversion services. Infotech Enterprises started to provide engineering service outsourcing, but found immediate opportunity in the [[GIS]] arena.<ref name=company-history>{{Citation|title=Company History|publisher=hdfcsec.com|url=http://hdfcsec.com/Market/Information.aspx?CoCode=13660&RptType=History|accessdate=February 28, 2017|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140304025915/http://hdfcsec.com/Market/Information.aspx?CoCode=13660&RptType=History|archive-date=4 March 2014|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

Infotech Enterprises became a public limited company in 1997, had an IPO of equity shares at ₹ 20/- per share and listed in all major stock exchanges in India.{{citation needed|date=February 2017}} Around 1999, it signed a breakthrough contract to provide [[GIS]] conversion and consultation mapping services worth US$5.5 million to US based Analytical Surveys, Inc. Within the same year, the company acquired Cartographic Sciences from Analytical Surveys, Inc. In June 1999, the company acquired Dataview Solutions Limited, a [[UK]] based [[GIS]] Software Company.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/infotech-enterprises-ltd/stocks/companyid-4978.cms// |title=Infotech Enterprises Stock Price and Quotes - Infotech Enterprises Company Profile |access-date=20 January 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111220230114/http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/infotech-enterprises-ltd/stocks/companyid-4978.cms |archive-date=20 December 2011 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref>[http://www.sei.cmu.edu/partners/infotech-enterprises/index.cfm// SEI Partner Network | Infotech Enterprises America, Inc]</ref> The company continued to pursue engineering services, and won a major engineering services contract with an aircraft engine manufacturer in 2000.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.indian-commodity.com/top-news/infotech-enterprises-receive-honors-from-indo-german-chamber-of-commerce.aspx/ |title=Infotech Enterprises Receive Honors From Indo-German Chamber Of Commerce {{!}} Top News |access-date=25 January 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110705182953/http://www.indian-commodity.com/top-news/infotech-enterprises-receive-honors-from-indo-german-chamber-of-commerce.aspx |archive-date=5 July 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

In 2000, Infotech announced the acquisition of a German company, Advanced Graphics Software GmbH (AGS), a mechanical engineering software and services company specialising in 3D [[CAD/CAM]].{{citation needed|date=February 2017}} In 2002, Infotech announced a strategic business relationship with the [[Pratt & Whitney]] division of [[United Technologies Corporation]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Infotech Ties Up With Pratt & Whitney |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/infotech-ties-up-with-pratt-whitney-102022601019_1.html |access-date=26 April 2024 |work=Business Standard |date=26 February 2002}}</ref> Pratt & Whitney participated in a [[Preferred stock|preferential offer]] and obtained an 18.4% equity stake in Infotech.<ref>{{cite news |title=Infotech To Issue 12 Lakh Shares To Pratt & Whitney |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/markets/infotech-to-issue-12-lakh-shares-to-pratt-whitney-101121501037_1.html |access-date=26 April 2024 |work=Business Standard |date=15 December 2001}}</ref>

In 2005, Infotech acquired [[Tele Atlas]] India Pvt Ltd. Tele Atlas parent company joined as a strategic partner with preferential allotment of shares.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.stockwatch.in/infotech-enterprises-inks-multi-year-pact-tele-atlas-2691|title=Infotech Enterprises inks multi-year pact with Tele Atlas - Stock Watch|date=17 March 2008 |publisher=www.stockwatch.in}}</ref> Company founder, B V R Mohan Reddy, was elected Chairman of the [[Confederation of Indian Industry]] (CII) Southern Region in 2008.{{citation needed|date=February 2017}} In January 2010, Daxcon was acquired by Infotech Enterprises America Inc, a wholly owned subsidiary of Infotech Enterprises Limited India.<ref>{{cite news |title=Infotech buys US engg services firm |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/technology/infotech-buys-us-engg-services-firm-110011900051_1.html |access-date=26 April 2024 |work=Business Standard |date=19 January 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Infotech arm in all-cash deal to buy Daxcon |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/business/2010/Jan/19/infotech-arm-in-all-cash-deal-to-buy-daxcon-161956.html |access-date=26 April 2024 |work=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

Infotech Enterprises adopted the Cyient name in 2014 after approval from a shareholders' vote.<ref name=autogenerated1/><ref name=seay-gregory/> The process of determining the new identity, bearing connotations to the words ''client'' and ''science'', while ''Cyient'' referencing ''Infotech Enterprises'', involved various brand specialists, and the new name was tested in 17 languages.<ref name=autogenerated1>{{cite web|url=http://businesstoday.intoday.in/story/infotech-enterprises-rebranded-as-cyient/1/205973.html|title=Infotech Enterprises rebranded as Cyient|date=7 May 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news
| date = 2014
| title = Infotech to Become Cyient Ltd.
| url = http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/features/smartbuy/infotech-to-become-cyient-ltd/article5839628.ece+&cd=2&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=in
| work = The Hindu Business Line
| location = India
| access-date = February 28, 2017
}} {{dead link|date=February 2017}}</ref>{{Dead link|date=November 2025}} After changing its name, Cyient relocated its US headquarters in [[Connecticut]] to a new building.<ref name=seay-gregory/> It acquired Softential, Inc in 2014.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Kesireddy |first1=Raji Reddy |title=Infotech Enterprises to buy US firm Softential Inc for $20 million |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/tech/ites/infotech-enterprises-to-buy-us-firm-softential-inc-for-20-million/articleshow/31612938.cms |access-date=26 April 2024 |work=The Economic Times |date=7 March 2014}}</ref> Cyient also acquired Invati Insights in 2014, with the new entity named Cyient Insights.<ref name=autogenerated1 /><ref>
{{cite news
|date = August 21, 2014
|title = Cyient Ltd buys data sciences start-up Invati Insights
|url = http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2014-08-21/news/53072915_1_analytics-sciences-infotech-enterprises
|work = [[The Economic Times]]
|access-date = February 28, 2017
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150419024326/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2014-08-21/news/53072915_1_analytics-sciences-infotech-enterprises
|archive-date = 19 April 2015
|url-status = dead
|df = dmy-all
}}
</ref>

In 2015, Cyient acquired Pratt & Whitney Global Services Engineering Asia.<ref name=seay-gregory/> In 2015, Cyient acquired a 74% stake in Rangsons Electronics, a [[Mysore]]-based systems integrator and small series manufacturing firm. The Rangsons division was renamed to Cyient DLM.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2015-01-03 |title=Cyient acquires Rangsons Electronics for Rs 360 crore |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/cyient-acquires-rangsons-electronics-for-rs-360-crore/articleshow/45738668.cms |access-date=2023-07-21 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref name=autogenerated1 /><ref name=rangsons>{{cite news|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/cyient-acquires-74-stake-in-rangsons-electronics-115010200220_1.html|title=Cyient acquires 74% stake in Rangsons Electronics|author=Press Trust of India|newspaper=Business Standard India |date=2 January 2015}}</ref> On February 8, 2017, Cyient Inc. agreed to acquire Certon Software Inc.<ref name=certon-acquire>{{cite news |date=February 9, 2017 |title=Cyient enters a definitive agreement to acquire 100% equity in Certon Software Inc. |url=http://www.indiainfoline.com/article/news-top-story/cyient-cyient-enters-a-definitive-agreement-to-acquire-100-equity-in-certon-software-inc-117020900730_1.html | work=[[IIFL]] |location=[[New York City]] |access-date=February 27, 2017 }}</ref>

On April 25, 2022, Cyient announced to acquire the Finnish plant and product engineering services company Citec.<ref>{{Cite news |last= |first= |last2= |last3= |first3= |title=Cyient clinches its largest deal with acquisition of Finnish player Citec for 94 million euro {{!}} India Business News - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/cyient-clinches-its-largest-deal-with-acquisition-of-finnish-player-citec-for-94-million-euro/articleshow/91072553.cms |access-date=2022-04-26 |website=The Times of India |date= 25 April 2022|language=en}}</ref> Shortly after, on June 6, 2022, Cyient also announced the acquisition of Portuguese wireless engineering services company Celfinet.<ref>{{cite news |title=Hyderabad: Cyient to acquire Portuguese engineering services co Celfinet |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/cyient-to-acquire-portuguese-engg-services-co-celfinet/articleshow/92049369.cms |access-date=26 April 2024 |work=The Times of India |date=7 June 2022}}</ref>

In June 2023, Cyient's [[electronics manufacturing services]] subsidiary Cyient DLM launched its IPO and got listed on NSE and BSE.<ref>{{cite news |title=Cyient DLM sets IPO price band at Rs 250-265 |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/markets/ipos/fpos/cyient-dlm-sets-ipo-price-band-at-rs-250-265/articleshow/101202868.cms |access-date=26 April 2024 |work=The Economic Times |date=23 June 2023}}</ref>

In October 2024, Cyient acquired Altek Electronics.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Staff |first=Entrepreneur |date=2024-10-04 |title=Cyient DLM Acquires Altek Electronics for Strategic Expansion in North America |url=https://www.entrepreneur.com/en-in/news-and-trends/cyient-dlm-acquires-altek-electronics-for-strategic/480796 |access-date=2025-05-07 |website=Entrepreneur |language=en}}</ref>

==Operations==
[[File:120724-D-TT977-027 (7637019378).jpg|thumb|U.S. Ambassador to India [[Nancy Powell]] and Deputy Secretary of Defense [[Ashton B. Carter]] are welcomed to Cyient by [[B V R Mohan Reddy|Mohan Reddy]], chairman and managing director, and U.S. Consul General [[Katherine Dhanani]]; Hyderabad, July 2012.]]
Cyient Limited as of 2014 provides "software-enabled engineering & geographic information system (GIS) services."<ref name=certon-acquire/> In February 2017, Cyient had around 14,000 employees in 21 countries in Asia, Europe, and North America.<ref name=seay-gregory/>

In January 2017, Cyient opened facilities at the Incubation Centre of the [[Telangana State Industrial Infrastructure Corporation]] in [[Warangal]], also began to build a 70,000 square feet Technology Development Centre at [[Madikonda]] [[List of special economic zones in India#Telangana|Special Economic Zone in Warangal]].<ref name=starts-operations>{{cite news |date=January 22, 2017 |title=Cyient starts operations at Warangal facility |url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/info-tech/cyient-begins-operations-at-incubation-centre-in-telangana/article9496175.ece | work=[[The Hindu]] |location=[[India]] |access-date=February 28, 2017 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=IT Incubation Centre Inaugurated in Warangal |url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/it-incubation-centre-inaugurated-in-warangal-116021900844_1.html | work=[[Business Standard]] }}</ref> In February 2017, Cyient and [[ANSYS]] agreed to set up a simulation lab at Cyient's facility in Hyderabad to develop [[proof-of-concept]]s.<ref name=cyient-ink>{{cite news |date=February 23, 2017 |title=Cyient, ANSYS ink MoU |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-telangana/cyient-ansys-ink-mou/article17351407.ece | work=[[The Hindu]] |location=[[India]] |access-date=February 28, 2017 }}</ref>

Cyient acquired 74 percent equity stake in Rangsons Electonics Pvt Ltd in February 2015 and renamed it to Cyient DLM. The Mysuru-headquartered Rangsons Electronics, is an electronics system design and manufacturing (EDSM) services company. It is the 2nd largest electronics manufacturer after [[Dixon Technologies]].<ref>{{cite web |date=22 January 2019 |title=Cyient to acquire remaining 26% stake in EDSM subsidiary |url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/business/cyient-to-acquire-remaining-26-stake-in-edsm-subsidiary-3422121.html |website=Moneycontrol.com}}</ref>

With its United States headquarters in the state of [[Connecticut]],<ref name=seay-gregory/> in return for a pledge to add 85 jobs to the state, in February 2017, Cyient Inc. in [[East Hartford]] received a $500,000 loan from the state Department of Economic and Community Development for new machinery and equipment. At the time, Cyient was a supplier to Connecticut engine builders and employed 456 full-time workers in Connecticut.<ref name=seay-gregory>{{cite news |last=Seay |first=Gregory |date=February 2, 2017 |title=With CT's $500K, Cyient to expand, add jobs |url=http://www.hartfordbusiness.com/article/20170202/NEWS01/170209960 |work=Hartford Business |location=[[Hartford, Connecticut]] |access-date=February 28, 2017 |archive-date=8 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190508151834/http://www.hartfordbusiness.com/article/20170202/NEWS01/170209960 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==See also==
{{Portal|India}}
*[[List of companies of India]]
*[[List of Indian IT companies]]
*[[Software industry in Telangana]]
*[[Information technology in India]]
*[[Electronics and semiconductor manufacturing industry in India]]

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

==External links==
* {{official website|http://www.cyient.com}}

[[Category:Multinational companies headquartered in India]]
[[Category:Companies based in Hyderabad, India]]
[[Category:Outsourcing]]
[[Category:Outsourcing in India]]
[[Category:Software companies established in 1991]]
[[Category:Software companies of India]]
[[Category:Engineering companies of India]]
[[Category:International information technology consulting firms]]
[[Category:Information technology consulting firms of India]]
[[Category:Outsourcing companies]]
[[Category:Indian brands]]
[[Category:Indian companies established in 1991]]
[[Category:1997 establishments in Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Companies listed on the National Stock Exchange of India]]
[[Category:Companies listed on the Bombay Stock Exchange]]

Maharashtra State Film Award for Best Debut Director

2025-11-02T04:48:29Z

EveMagill33: Creating A Details Basic Info

{{Short description|Indian film award}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2025}}
{{Infobox award
| name = Maharashtra State Film Award for Best Debut Director
| image =
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption =
| subheader =
| awarded_for = Debut Director in a Marathi film
| sponsor = [[Maharashtra State Film Awards]]
| firstawarded = 2009
| lastawarded = 2023
| reward =
| former name =
| holder_label =
| holder =
| award1_type = First winner
| award1_winner = Sudesh Manjrekar
| award2_type = Latest winner
| award2_winner = Ashish Bende
| award3_type =
| award3_winner =
| website =
| previous =
| next =
}}
The '''Maharashtra State Film Award for Best Debut Director''' is an award, presented annually at the [[Maharashtra State Film Awards]] of India to a director for their debut performance in a [[Marathi cinema]].

== Winners ==
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Actress
!Film
!Ref.
|-
|2009
|Santosh Manjrekar
|''[[Mi Shivajiraje Bhosale Boltoy!]]''
|<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Mujawar |first=Isak |title=Gatha Marathi Cinemachi |publisher=Pratik Prakashan |year=2014 |edition=1st |location=Pune |language=Marathi}}</ref>
|-
|2010
|[[Vikram Gokhale]]
|''[[Aaghaat]]''
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2012-06-24 |title=Marathi film Gajaar to go for the Oscars |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/regional-movies/marathi-film-gajaar-to-go-for-the-oscars/story-mOj6GJUB0cXbgweJdww1CM.html |access-date=2024-03-11 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|2011
|Ajit Bhairavkar
|''[[Gajaar: Journey of the Soul]]''
|
|-
|2012
|Nikhil Mahajan
|''[[Pune 52]]''
|
|-
|2013
|[[Nagraj Manjule]]
|''[[Fandry]]''
|<ref>{{Cite news |title=Winners at the 51st Maharashtra State Awards |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/photofeatures/winners-at-the-51st-maharashtra-state-awards/photostory/40284322.cms?pcode=other |access-date=2024-03-11 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
|2014
|Sameer Patil
|''[[Poshter Boyz]]''
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=MMW |first=Team |date=2015-04-08 |title=Nominations of Marathi films declared for 52nd State Awards |url=https://marathimovieworld.com/news/nominations-of-marathi-films-declared-for-52nd-state-awards.php |access-date=2024-03-11 |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|2015
|[[Makarand Mane]]
|''[[Ringan (film)|Ringan]]''
|<ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2018-06-07 |title=National Award winning Marathi film Ringan set for theatrical release |url=https://www.landmarcfilms.com/national-award-winning-marathi-film-ringan-set-for-theatrical-release/ |access-date= |website=Landmarc Films |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|2016
|Sandeep Patil
|''[[Dashakriya]]''
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-04-30 |title=54th Maharashtra State Marathi Film Awards {{!}} 54 व्या महाराष्ट्र राज्य मराठी चित्रपट पुरस्कारांची घोषणा {{!}} Lokmat.com |url=https://www.lokmat.com/maharashtra/54th-maharashtra-state-marathi-film-awards/ |access-date=2024-03-11 |website=LOKMAT |language=mr}}</ref>
|-
|2017
|[[Vikram Phadnis]]
|''[[Hrudayantar]]''
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |2018
|Sachin Jadhav
| rowspan="2" |''[[Tendlya]]''
| rowspan="2" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-05-27 |title=56 व्या राज्य मराठी चित्रपट पुरस्कार सोहळ्यात Carol Littleton चा मराठमोळा अंदाज ठरला लक्ष्यवेधी; 'भोंगा' ठरला सर्वोत्कृष्ट चित्रपट {{!}} 🎥 LatestLY मराठी |url=https://marathi.latestly.com/entertainment/marathi/56th-maharashtra-state-marathi-film-awards-winners-list-39172.html |access-date=2024-03-11 |website=LatestLY मराठी |language=mr-IN}}</ref>
|-
|Nachiket Waikar
|-
|2019
|Achyut Narayan
|''Vegli Vaat''
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=डेस्क |first=एबीपी माझा एंटरटेनमेंट |title=57 व्या राज्य मराठी चित्रपट पुरस्काराचे वितरण, 'वाय' ठरला सर्वोत्कृष्ट चित्रपट |url=https://marathi.abplive.com/entertainment/57th-state-marathi-film-awards-y-adjudged-the-best-film-maharashtra-entertainment-news-1258896 |access-date=2025-09-05 |website=ABP Majha |language=mr}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" |2020
|Vaibhav Khisti
| rowspan="2" |''[[June (2021 film)|June]]''
| rowspan="3" |<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=राज्य मराठी चित्रपट पुरस्कार सोहळयात 'बापल्योक'चा डंका, ७ पुरस्कारांवर पाडली छाप |url=https://www.navarashtra.com/movies/marathi-movie-bapalyok-won-7-awards-at-the-58th-maharashtra-state-marathi-film-awards-610638.html |access-date= |website=Navarashtra |language=mr}}</ref>
|-
|Suhrud Godbole
|-
|2021
|Rasika Agashe
|''Ticha Shahar Hona''
|-
|2022
|Pratap Phad
|''[[Ananya (film)|Ananya]]''
| rowspan="2" |<ref>{{Cite web |last=जगताप |first=नामदेव |title=राज्य चित्रपट पुरस्कार सोहळा; हिंदी, मराठी सिनेसृष्टीतील कलाकारांचा सन्मान; पाहा संपूर्ण यादी |url=https://marathi.abplive.com/entertainment/maharashtra-state-film-awards-diamond-jubilee-held-in-mumbai-see-all-winners-list-kajol-bhimrao-panchale-anupam-kher-mukta-barve-bollywood-news-1375148 |access-date=2025-08-06 |website=ABP Majha |language=mr}}</ref>
|-
|2023
|Ashish Bende
|''[[Aatmapamphlet]]''
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
==External links==
* {{IMDb event|0015478|Maharashtra State Film Awards}}

[[Category:Maharashtra State Film Awards|Debut Director]]
[[Category:2009 establishments in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Awards established in 2009]]

Gujarat State Commission For Women

2025-10-12T10:41:55Z

EveMagill33: new a post!

{{Short description|Statutory body for women's rights, India}}
{{Infobox government agency
| agency_name = Gujarat State Commission for Women
| nativename =
| nativename_r =
| type = Commission
| logo =
| logo_width =
| logo_caption =
| seal =
| seal_width =
| seal_caption =
| image =
| image_size =
| image_caption =
| formed = 1993
| preceding1 =
| preceding2 =
| dissolved =
| superseding =
| jurisdiction = [[Government of Gujarat]]
| headquarters = Gujarat State Commission For Women, Block No. 4/1, Dr. Jivraj Mehta Bhavan Gandhi Nagar - 382010.<ref name="gj ref2">{{cite web |title=GENDER RESOURCE CENTRE |url=https://grc.gujarat.gov.in/gujarat-state-commission-for-%20women.html |website=Gujarat State Commission For Women |access-date=11 January 2022 }}{{Dead link|date=June 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name="gj ref1">{{cite web |title=Gujarat State Commission For Women |url=http://ncw.nic.in/important-links/list-state-women-commissions#Gujarat |website=Gujarat State Commission For Women |access-date=11 January 2022}}</ref>
| employees =
| budget =
| minister1_name =
| minister1_pfo =
| deputyminister1_name =
| deputyminister1_pfo =
| deputyminister2_name =
| deputyminister2_pfo =
| chief1_name = Ms. Lilaben Ankolia
| chief1_position = Chairperson
| chief2_name =
| chief2_position =
| chief3_name =
| chief3_position =
| chief4_name =
| chief4_position =
| chief5_name =
| chief5_position =
| chief6_name =
| chief6_position =
| parent_agency =
| child1_agency =
| child2_agency =
| website = {{Official website|https://grc.gujarat.gov.in/gujarat-state-commission-for-%20women.html}}{{Official website|http://ncw.nic.in/important-links/list-state-women-commissions#Gujarat}}
| footnotes =
| chief7_name =
| chief7_position =
| chief8_name =
| chief8_position =
| chief9_name =
| chief9_position =
| parent_department =
| native_name_a =
| region_code =
| coordinates =
| keydocument1 =
| keydocument2 =
| keydocument3 =
}}

'''Gujarat State Commission For Women''' is a [[statutory]] body constituted in the year 1993 to deal with the issues relating to [[Violence against women|crime against women]] in the state of [[Gujarat]]. The commission for welfare of women in the state was set up by [[Government of Gujarat|Gujarat Government]] as a [[Quasi-judicial body|quasi-judicial]] body.

== History and objectives ==

Gujarat State Commission for Women is formed to investigate specific problems relating to women and apart from studying women related issues from the state.<ref name="scw ref1">{{cite news |last1=Rajagopalan |first1=Swarna |title=Why National and State Women’s Commissions are important and should be held accountable |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-why-national-and-state-women-s-commissions-are-important-and-should-be-held-accountable-2217939 |access-date=9 January 2022 |publisher=dnaindia.com |date=30 May 2016}}</ref> The Commission is equipped with powers to safeguard rights of women and ensure their protection and equality against any form of harassment and issues faced in the family and community.

The commission is created with the following objectives:

* Ensuring protection and welfare of women.<ref name="gj ref3">{{cite web |title=Gujarat State Commission for Women Act, 2002 |url=http://www.bareactslive.com/Guj/guj195.htm |website=Gujarat State Commission for Women Act, 2002 |access-date=11 January 2022 |archive-date=11 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220111083257/http://www.bareactslive.com/Guj/guj195.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref>

* Handle gender-based issues through timely intervention in case of any violation of relevant laws or opportunity denial or depriving the women of any rights.

* Recommending to state government on women-based issues.

* The commission occasionally takes steps to create awareness in public regarding the women-based legislation in the state.

== Composition ==

Gujarat State Commission for Women is formed with a chairperson and 4 members. The social welfare department of the state makes modalities for appointing the Chairman of the State Commission for Women.

Ms. Vidya Gaude is the Chairperson of the Gujarat State Commission for Women.<ref name="gj ref6">{{cite news |title=Gujarat State Commission For Women summons woman beaten by N |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/gscw-summons-woman-beaten-by-naroda-mla/articleshow/69683005.cms |access-date=11 January 2022 |publisher=Times of India |date=7 June 2019}}</ref> She along with other members will hold office for a period of 3 years.<ref name="gj ref4">{{cite news |title=gujarat-state-women-commissions-chairperson-unchanged-for-last-12-years |url=https://www.gujaratheadline.com/gujarat-state-women-commissions-chairperson-unchanged-for-last-12-years/ |access-date=11 January 2022 |publisher=gujaratheadline.com |date=1 June 2021}}</ref>

== Activities ==

Gujarat State Commission for Women is formed to perform below activities:

* Commission should ensure that it adheres to the provision and protection guaranteed for women under [[Constitution of India]] and women related legislations.

* In case any agency in the state fails to implement protective measures against women, getting the same to the notice of Government.

* Making recommendations for the amendments in any law if it fails on provision of justice to the women of the state.

* Taking up with concerned authorities any issue of violation of women's rights and recommending follow-up action to them.

* Women who have complaints of violation of their rights and non-implementation of their protective measures guaranteed under the Constitution of India can directly approach Women Commission for redressal.<ref name="gj ref7">{{cite news |title=Gujarat women's panel summons IAS officer over bigamy charges |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/230819/gujarat-womens-panel-summons-ias-officer-over-bigamy-charges.html |access-date=11 January 2022 |publisher=[[Deccan Chronicle]] |date=23 August 2019}}</ref>

* Counselling and assisting women who are victims of atrocities and discrimination in the state.<ref name="gj ref5">{{cite news |title=Menstrual rigour: Gujarat state women commission meets traum |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/rajkot/state-women-commission-meets-traumatized-girls/articleshow/74155120.cms |access-date=11 January 2022 |publisher=Times of India |date=16 February 2020}}</ref>

* Financing litigation expenses for any issues involving mass group of women and occasionally make reports to the state government relating to them.

* Inspecting any premises, jail or other remand home where women prisoners are lodged or any other case and bringing them to the notice of respective authorities, in case of need.

* Enquire, study and investigate any specific women-based issues.

* Initiate educational research or undertaking any promotional method and recommend ways for ensuring women representation in all areas and identifying reasons depriving them of their rights.

* To enquire suo-moto or any complaints of any issue which deprives women of their rights or women protection laws not being implemented or noncompliance of any policies relating to them or failure of following instructions relating to women welfare and relief associated to them.

== Related Articles ==

[[National Commission for Women]]

== References ==

{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://grc.gujarat.gov.in/gujarat-state-commission-for-%20women.html Official Website]{{Dead link|date=June 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
* [http://ncw.nic.in/important-links/list-state-women-commissions#Gujarat Official Website]



[[Category:State agencies of Gujarat]]
[[Category:Commissions in India]]
[[Category:Women's rights in India]]
[[Category:Women's organisations based in India]]

Aulakh

2025-10-02T15:55:24Z

EveMagill33: made the stub w/ infobox.

{{pp-extended|small=yes}}
{{EngvarB|date=December 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2023}}
{{infobox caste
| caste_name = Aulakh
| caste_name_in_local =
| image =
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption =
| abbreviation =
| varna =
| jati = [[Jat]]
| gotra =
| religions = [[File:Khanda.svg|15px]] [[Sikhism]], [[File:Star and Crescent.svg|18px]] [[Islam]], [[File:Om.svg|18px]] [[Hinduism]]
| languages = [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]
| country = [[India]], [[Pakistan]]
| region = [[Punjab]]
| ethnicity = [[Punjabis|Punjabi]]
| India_migration =
| population =
| family_names =
| feudal_title =
| heraldic_title =
| lineage =
| subdivisions =
| related =
}}

'''Aulakh''' ({{Langx|pa|ਔਲਖ}}) is a [[Punjabis|Punjabi]] [[Jat people|Jat]] clan in the [[Punjab]] region of [[India]] and [[Pakistan]].<ref name=":5">{{Cite book |title=Journal of Regional History |publisher=Department of History, Guru Nanak Dev University |year=1981 |volume=2 |pages=29}}</ref><ref name=":6">{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=Kumar Suresh |title=Communities, Segments, Synonyms, Surnames and Titles |date=1996 |publisher=Anthropological Survey of India |isbn=0-19-563357-1 |edition=Illustrated |series=People of India: National series |volume=8 |location=Delhi |pages=1355–1357 |chapter=Appendix B |oclc=35662663}}</ref>

== List of notable people ==
Notable people with the surname, who may or may not be associated with the clan, include:
[[File:Jind_Kaur.jpg|alt=|thumb|251x251px|[[Jind Kaur]], youngest wife of [[Ranjit Singh]], Sikh emperor of Punjab.]]
* [[Arjan Singh]], Marshal of Indian Air Force<ref>{{cite news |last=Singh |first=Roopinder |date=17 September 2017 |title=When Arjan Singh sold off his farm for IAF personnel |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/nation/when-arjan-singh-sold-off-his-farm-for-iaf-personnel/468394.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170917063412/http://www.tribuneindia.com/news/nation/when-arjan-singh-sold-off-his-farm-for-iaf-personnel/468394.html |archive-date=17 September 2017 |work=The Tribune |access-date=7 December 2018}}</ref>
* [[Ajmer Singh (athlete)|Ajmer Singh]], Indian sprinter
* [[Ajmer Singh Aulakh]], Indian author
* [[Angad Aulakh]], American filmmaker
* [[Baldev Singh Aulakh]], Indian politician
* [[Gurmit Singh Aulakh]], American Khalistani activist
* [[Jawahar Singh (wazir)|Jawahar Singh]], Wazir of the Sikh Empire
* [[Jeet Aulakh]], Canadian artist
* [[Jind Kaur]], Maharani of the Sikh Empire<ref>{{Cite book |last=Divakaruni |first=Chitra Banerjee |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vZA8EAAAQBAJ&dq=Aulakh+are+sikh+ruler+queen+within+lahore&pg=PT6 |title=The Last Queen: A Novel of Courage and Resistance |date=2022-05-10 |publisher=HarperCollins |isbn=978-0-06-316188-7 |language=en |quote=Rani Jindan Kaur: the last queen of Punjab. Daughter of the royal dog trainer, Manna Singh Aulakh, she became the youngest wife of Maharaja Ranjit Singh. Mother of Maharaja Dalip Singh and queen regent during his reign}}</ref>
* [[Malik Ahmad Ali Aulakh]], Pakistani politician
* [[Manny Aulakh]], Canadian cricketer
* [[Mohammad Irfan]], Pakistani cricketer
* [[Ratan Aulakh]], Indian filmmaker
* [[R. D. Singh]], Indian athletics coach

== See also ==
*[[Aulakh (village)]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{surname}}
[[Category:Jat clans of Punjab]]
[[Category:Punjabi-language surnames]]

Shringinari

2025-08-20T08:20:05Z

EveMagill33: put up a article!

'''Shringinari Temple''' is a [[Hindu temple]] around near [[Basti, Uttar Pradesh]], India.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://harraiyatimes.com/shringinari/|title=Shringinari – A Mythological Temple In Basti|website=Harraiya Times|date=22 July 2023 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.amarujala.com/photo-gallery/gorakhpur/special-story-of-sringi-nari-temple-with-lord-ram-in-basti|title=भगवान राम के जन्म से जुड़ी है इस मंदिर की मान्यता, यहां हर मुराद होती है पूरी, देखें तस्वीरें|website=Amar Ujala|language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://basti.nic.in/tourist-place/shringinari/|title=Shringinari|website=Basti.nic.in|language=en}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{coord missing|Uttar Pradesh}}

[[Category:Hindu temples in Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Basti district]]

{{India-Hindu-temple-stub}}

Jalgaon Airport

2025-08-08T22:35:21Z

EveMagill33: quick correct citations and improved wording after review

{{Short description|Airport in Maharashtra, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2025}}
{{Infobox airport
| name = Jalgaon Airport
| nativename =
| nativename-a =
| nativename-r =
| image = Jalgaon Airport.jpg
| image-width = 250
| caption =
| IATA = JLG
| ICAO = VAJL<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20151223072030/http://www.aai.aero/misc/AIPS_2012_14.pdf] AAI Aerodrome data</ref>
| type = Public
| owner = [[Airports Authority of India]]
| operator = Airports Authority of India
| city-served = [[Jalgaon]]
| location = Kusumbe, Jalgaon, [[Maharashtra]], [[India]]
| built = {{start date and age|1973|||df=y|p=n|br=n}}<ref name="PWD"/>
| metric-elev =
| elevation-f = 840
| elevation-m = 256
| coordinates = {{coord|20|57|43|N|075|37|36|E|region:IN|display=inline,title}}
| website = [http://www.aai.aero/allAirports/jalgaon.jsp/ Jalgaon Airport]
| pushpin_map= India Maharashtra #India
| pushpin_mark=Airplane_silhouette.svg
| pushpin_label= '''JLG'''
| pushpin_mapsize=250
| r1-number = 09/27
| r1-length-f = 5,574
| r1-length-m = 1,700
| r1-surface = [[Asphalt concrete|Asphalt]]
| stat-year = April 2024 - March 2025
| stat1-header = Passengers
| stat1-data = 92,470 ({{increase}} 197.6%)
| stat2-header = Aircraft movements
| stat2-data = 2,162 ({{increase}} 180.2%)
| stat3-header = Cargo tonnage
| stat3-data = —
| footnotes = Source: [[Airports Authority of India|AAI]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Annexure III – Passenger Data|url=https://www.aai.aero/sites/default/files/traffic-news/Mar2k25Annex3.pdf|website=aai.aero|access-date=30 April 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Annexure II – Aircraft Movement Data|url=https://www.aai.aero/sites/default/files/traffic-news/Mar2k25Annex2.pdf|website=aai.aero|access-date=30 April 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Annexure IV – Freight Movement Data|url=https://www.aai.aero/sites/default/files/traffic-news/Mar2k25Annex4.pdf|website=aai.aero|access-date=30 April 2025}}</ref>
}}

'''Jalgaon Airport''' {{Airport codes|JLG|VAJL}} is a [[domestic airport]] serving the city of [[Jalgaon]] in [[Maharashtra]], [[India]]. It is located in Kusumbe, off [[National Highway 753F (India)|National Highway 753F]] (NH-753F), {{cvt|9|km}} southeast of the city centre, and {{cvt|47|km}} away from the [[Ajanta Caves]], for which it is its closest airport.

The airport has a flight training institute run by Skynex Aviation.<ref name="PWD">{{cite web|title=Airstrips in Maharashtra|url=http://www.mahapwd.com/statistics/airstrips.html|publisher=Maharashtra Public Works Department|access-date=3 February 2012}}{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> After resumption of operations in April 2024 with [[Fly91]] and [[Alliance Air (India)|Alliance Air]] from June 2024, the airport became one of the fastest growing airports in Maharashtra, with direct connectivity to the major cities of [[Mumbai]], [[Pune]], [[Hyderabad]], [[Goa]] and [[Ahmedabad]]. As of June 2024, it is the fifth-busiest airport in the state by private and commercial aircraft movements.<ref name="IC">{{cite news|title=Regional airline FLY91 adds Pune as its seventh destination|url=https://www.thehindu.com/business/regional-airline-fly91-adds-pune-as-its-seventh-destination/article68215925.ece|work=The Hindu|date=25 May 2024|access-date=26 May 2024|language=en}}</ref><ref name="AA">{{cite web|title=Flight Schedule|url= https://www.allianceair.in/book|website=Alliance Air|access-date=8 June 2024}}</ref>

==History==
The airport was built in 1973 by the Public Works Department.<ref name="PWD"/> The Jalgaon Municipal Council took over its operations from April 1997 and handed it over to the [[Maharashtra Airport Development Company]] (MADC) in April 2007.<ref name="JAL1">{{cite news |title=President inaugurates Jalgaon airport |url=http://www.newstrackindia.com/newsdetails/2012/03/23/356--President-inaugurates-Jalgaon-airport-.html |publisher=Newstrackindia.com |date=23 March 2012 |access-date=25 March 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407110942/http://www.newstrackindia.com/newsdetails/2012/03/23/356--President-inaugurates-Jalgaon-airport-.html |archive-date=7 April 2014}}</ref> The [[Government of Maharashtra]] signed a [[Memorandum of Understanding]] (MoU) with the [[Airports Authority of India]] (AAI) to upgrade the airport in July 2009.<ref>{{cite web|title=MADC - Projects |url=http://www.madcindia.org/projects.html |publisher=[[Maharashtra Airport Development Company]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120226054653/http://www.madcindia.org/projects.html |archive-date=26 February 2012 }}</ref> The then [[President of India]], [[Pratibha Patil]], laid the [[Cornerstone|foundation stone]] for the development and expansion of the airport in June 2010.<ref>{{cite news |title=President lays foundation stone for Jalgaon airport |url=http://zeenews.india.com/news/maharashtra/president-lays-foundation-stone-for-jalgaon-airport_633580.html |publisher=Zeenews.com |date=13 June 2010 |access-date=4 February 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130616004201/http://zeenews.india.com/news/maharashtra/president-lays-foundation-stone-for-jalgaon-airport_633580.html |archive-date=16 June 2013}}</ref> The AAI completed the first phase of work worth {{INRConvert|61|c|year=2012}} in February 2012, including a new [[Airport apron|apron]] and a taxiway.<ref>{{cite news |title=Jalgaon Airport works |url=http://ejalgaon.com/today/newstoday.html |work=[[The Indian Express]]|date=2 February 2012 |access-date=4 February 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120210022927/http://ejalgaon.com/today/newstoday.html |archive-date=10 February 2012}}</ref> The revamped airport was inaugurated on 23 March 2012 by President Pratibha Patil.<ref name= "JAL1"/>

In 2016, the Government of Maharashra signed up for the [[Ministry of Civil Aviation (India)|Ministry of Civil Aviation's]] regional connectivity scheme (RCS) called [[UDAN]], that would fast-track the development of ten regional airports in the state, including Jalgaon.<ref name ="ET2">{{cite news |title=Maharashtra first to sign up for regional connectivity scheme | url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/transportation/airlines-/-aviation/maharashtra-first-to-sign-up-for-regional-connectivity-scheme/articleshow/53829095.cms |work= [[The Economic Times]] |date=24 August 2016 |access-date=11 October 2019 }}</ref> Under UDAN, [[Air Deccan]] won the contract to start flights from Jalgaon to [[Mumbai]]. The airline flew the first-ever scheduled commercial flight from the airport to [[Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport|Mumbai]] on 23 December 2017.<ref name ="LM1">{{cite news |title=Air Deccan makes first flight from Mumbai to Jalgaon |url=https://www.livemint.com/Companies/eO3hZYOuPo5KQxmW58BgdP/Air-Deccan-makes-first-flight-from-Mumbai-to-Jalgaon.html |publisher= [[LiveMint]] |date=23 December 2017 |access-date=11 October 2019 }}</ref> However, the airline stopped the flights in October 2018, citing technical issues.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/nashik/air-deccan-stops-four-flight-ops-in-maharashtra-cities/articleshow/66352778.cms|title=Air Deccan stops four flight operations in Maharashtra cities|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=28 October 2018|access-date=28 October 2018}}</ref> The Government cancelled the contract and the route was allotted to [[TruJet]],<ref name ="ET1">{{cite news |title=Maharashtra: 5 routes under UDAN scheme to restart from February 13| url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/transportation/airlines-/-aviation/maharashtra-5-routes-under-udan-scheme-to-restart-from-february-13/articleshow/67582736.cms |work= [[The Economic Times]] |date=18 January 2019 |access-date=11 October 2019 }}</ref> and started operating from Jalgaon to [[Ahmedabad]] and Mumbai from 1 September 2019.<ref name ="TOI2">{{cite news |title=Jalgaon gets air link to Mumbai and Ahmedabad |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/nashik/jalgaon-gets-air-link-to-mumbai-and-ahmedabad/articleshow/70940033.cms?from=mdr |work= [[The Times of India]]|date=2 September 2019 |access-date=11 October 2019 }}</ref> However, the airline stopped all operations in 2020 due to the [[COVID-19 pandemic]], and never restarted owing to the airline's bankruptcy in February 2022. Since then, the airport handled only private, charter and government flights. As the airport continues to be a part of the UDAN Scheme, in July 2023, a regional airline startup named [[Fly91]] was allocated by the Ministry of Civil Aviation to start routes to eight cities in India, including Jalgaon.<ref name="TET">{{cite news|title=Newest airline FLY91 gets routes under UDAN scheme|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/transportation/airlines-/-aviation/fly91-gets-udan-routes/articleshow/102114841.cms|work=The Economic Times|date=26 July 2023|access-date=13 March 2024|language=en}}</ref> Hence, after beginning operations from its base at [[Manohar International Airport]] in [[Goa]] in March 2024, Fly91 restarted commercial operations in the airport, by starting new flights to Goa and [[Rajiv Gandhi International Airport|Hyderabad]] from 18 April 2024.<ref name="Fly91">{{cite web|title=Flight Schedule|url=https://fly91.in/|website=[[Fly91]]|access-date=18 April 2024}}</ref>

==Structure==
The airport is spread over an area of 630 acres and has one runway oriented 09/27, measuring {{cvt|1700|m}} in length. Its new [[Airport ramp|apron]] measuring 68 metres by 67 metres provides parking space for two [[ATR 72|ATR-72]] aircraft at a time. The runway has basic approach and runway edge lighting. Navigational and landing aids at the airport includes a [[DVOR#DVOR|DVOR]]/[[Distance measuring equipment|DME]] and a [[Precision approach path indicator|PAPI]] equipped on both sides of the runway. The terminal building covers an area of {{cvt|700|sqm}} and can accommodate 120 passengers during peak hours.

==Facilities==
The airport has all basic facilities as present in [[regional airport]]s. The terminal has a booking counter area, few retail shops, washrooms, a baggage handling area, a waiting area, medical and emergency facilities, facilities for physically challenged passengers, and outside it there is a fire station, an [[Air Traffic Control]] (ATC) tower, a technical block, a flight training centre and ground vehicles connecting the terminal to the apron, as the terminal does not have any [[Jet bridge|aerobridges]] at present.

==Airlines and destinations==
{{Airport destination list

| [[Alliance Air (India)|Alliance Air]]<ref name="AA"/> | [[Ahmedabad Airport|Ahmedabad]], [[Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport|Mumbai]]
| [[Fly91]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Flight Schedule|url=https://fly91.in/resources/flight-schedule.pdf|website=Fly91|access-date=8 June 2024}}</ref> | [[Manohar International Airport|Goa–Mopa]], [[Rajiv Gandhi International Airport|Hyderabad]], [[Pune International Airport|Pune]]<ref name="IC"/>

}}

==Connectivity==
===Road===
The airport is connected to the city with the help of [[National Highway 753F (India)|National Highway 753F]] (NH-753F), passing just beside the airport.

===Rail===
The nearest railway station is [[Jalgaon Junction railway station]], located about {{cvt|9.5|km}} north of the airport.

==Statistics==
{{Airport-Statistics|iata=JLG}}

==See also==
* [[List of airports in Maharashtra]]
* [[List of airports in India]]
* [[UDAN|UDAN Scheme]]
* [[Ajanta Caves]]
* [[Tourism in Maharashtra]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.aai.aero/allAirports/jalgaon.jsp/ Official website]

{{Airports in India}}

[[Category:Airports in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Jalgaon]]
[[Category:Airports established in 1973]]
[[Category:1973 establishments in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:20th-century architecture in India]]

Chunar Assembly constituency

2025-08-08T04:55:41Z

EveMagill33: new stub

{{Short description|Constituency of the Uttar Pradesh legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2019}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Chunar
| map_image = 398-Chunar.svg
| mla = [[Anurag Singh (politician)|Anurag Singh]]
| party = [[Bharatiya Janta Party]]
| latest_election_year = 2017
| state = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| district = [[Mirzapur district|Mirzapur]]
| reservation = None
| type = SLA
| electors = 3,54,274
| constituency_no = 398
}}
'''Chunar''' is a constituency of the [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] covering the city of Chunar in the [[Mirzapur district]] of Uttar Pradesh, India.

Chunar is one of five assembly constituencies in the [[Mirzapur Lok Sabha constituency]]. Since 2008, this assembly constituency is numbered 398 amongst 403 constituencies. Current MLA from Chunar is [[Anurag Singh (politician)|Anurag Singh]].

== Members of Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Member<ref name="election2018">{{Cite web |title=Chunar Election and Results 2018, Candidate list, Winner, Runner-up, Current MLA and Previous MLAs |url=https://www.elections.in/uttar-pradesh/assembly-constituencies/chunar.html |access-date= |website=Elections in India}}</ref>
! colspan="2" |Party
|-
|[[1957 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1957]]
|Raj Kumar
| rowspan="4" style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
| rowspan="4" |[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|1959^
|Onkar Nath
|-
|[[1962 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1962]]
| rowspan="2" |Rajnarain Singh
|-
|[[1967 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
|-
|[[1969 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1969]]
|Shiva Das
|style="background-color: {{party color|Samyukta Socialist Party}}" |
|[[Samyukta Socialist Party]]
|-
|[[1974 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1974]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Om Prakash Singh]]
|style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Jana Sangh}}" |
|[[Bharatiya Jana Sangh]]
|-
|[[1977 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1977]]
|style="background-color: {{party color|Janata Party}}" |
|[[Janata Party]]
|-
|[[1980 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1980]]
| rowspan="4" |Yadunath Singh
|style="background-color: {{party color|Janata Party (Secular)}}" |
|[[Janata Party (Secular)]]
|-
|[[1985 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1985]]
|style="background-color: {{party color|Lokdal}}" |
|[[Lokdal]]
|-
|[[1989 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1989]]
| rowspan="2" style="background-color: {{party color|Janata Dal}}" |
| rowspan="2" |[[Janata Dal]]
|-
|[[1991 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1991]]
|-
|[[1993 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1993]]
| rowspan="4" |[[Om Prakash Singh]]
| rowspan="4" style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
| rowspan="4" |[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|[[1996 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1996]]
|-
|[[2002 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2002]]
|-
|[[2007 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2007]]
|-
|[[2012 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2012]]
|Jagtamba Patel
|style="background-color: {{party color|Samajwadi Party}}" |
|[[Samajwadi Party]]
|-
|[[2017 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2017]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Anurag Singh (politician)|Anurag Singh]]
| rowspan="2" style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
| rowspan="2" |[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|[[2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2022]]
|}

==Election results==

=== 2022 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Chunar<ref name="AAP 150 list"/>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|2 = Bhartiya Janta Party
|candidate = [[Anurag Singh (politician)|Anurag Singh]]<ref name="AAP 150 list">{{cite news |last1=Bhandari |first1=Shashwat |title=AAP announces 150 candidates for UP elections 2022 {{!}} Check complete list |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/elections/news/aap-releases-150-candidates-for-uttar-pradesh-polls-2022-check-full-list-2022-01-16-754742 |access-date=27 January 2022 |work=indiatvnews.com |date=16 January 2022 |language=en}}</ref>
|votes = {{formatnum:110980}}
|percentage = 50.26
|change = {{increase}}1.5
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Apna Dal (Kamerawadi)
|candidate = Ramashankar Prasad Singh
|votes = {{formatnum:63366}}
|percentage = 28.7
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Vijay Kumar Alias A.V.Bhaiya
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|votes = {{formatnum:29389}}
|percentage = 13.31
|change = {{decrease}}4.73
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Seema Devi
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = {{formatnum:4164}}
|percentage = 1.89
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Amit Kumar Singh
|party = Vikassheel Insaan Party
|votes = {{formatnum:2782}}
|percentage = 1.26
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:3921}}
|percentage = 1.78
|change = {{increase}}0.59
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:47614}}
|percentage = 21.56
|change = {{decrease}}7.17
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:220823}}
|percentage = 62.33
|change = {{decrease}}2.22
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2017 ===
[[Bharatiya Janta Party]] candidate ''Anurag Singh'' won in [[2017 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2017 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Elections]] defeating [[Samajwadi Party]] candidate ''Jagtamba Singh Patel'' by a margin of 62,228 votes.<ref name="election2017">{{Cite web|url=http://www.elections.in/uttar-pradesh/assembly-constituencies/chunar.html|title=Assembly result 2017|website=Elections.in|access-date=2017-08-25}}</ref>
{{Election box begin | title=[[2017 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Chunar<ref name="election2017"/>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|2 = Bhartiya Janta Party
|candidate = [[Anurag Singh (politician)|Anurag Singh]]<ref name="election2017-1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/news/politics/chunar-election-results-2017-anurag-singh-of-bjp-wins-1358885.html|title=Chunar Election Results 2017: Anurag Singh of BJP Wins|date=11 March 2017|website=News18|accessdate=11 March 2023}}</ref>
|votes = {{formatnum:105608}}
|percentage = 48.76
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Samajwadi Party
|candidate = Jagtamba Singh Patel
|votes = {{formatnum:43380}}
|percentage = 20.03
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Anmol Singh
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|votes = {{formatnum:39067}}
|percentage = 18.04
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Ramraj Singh Patel
|party = Independent
|votes = {{formatnum:17009}}
|percentage = 7.85
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Sarvesh Kumar Singh Alias Raja Bhaiya
|party = Independent
|votes = {{formatnum:3898}}
|percentage = 1.8
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:2541}}
|percentage = 1.19
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:62228}}
|percentage = 28.73
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:216603}}
|percentage = 64.55
|change =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{cite web |title=Results of Uttar Pradesh Assembly Elections |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/92-uttar-pradesh/ |website=eci.gov.in |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=15 March 2022}}

{{Coord|25.10|82.87|display=title}}
{{Authority control}}
{{Assembly constituencies of Uttar Pradesh}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Mirzapur district]]
[[Category:Politics of Uttar Pradesh]]