https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/api.php?action=feedcontributions&feedformat=atom&user=Evan692365 2026-08-02T00:30:17Z User contributions MediaWiki 1.43.6 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ponmagal_Vanthal_(TV_series)&diff=525872 2026-05-06T03:36:34Z

<p>Evan692365: made new stub</p> <hr /> <div>{{short description|Indian television soap opera}}<br /> {{about||the film|Ponmagal Vandhal|the song|Sorgam}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=January 2020}}<br /> {{Infobox television<br /> | image = Ponmagal Vanthal Tamil Drama.jpg<br /> | caption =<br /> | alt_name = <br /> | native_name = <br /> | genre = Soap opera<br /> | creator = <br /> | based_on = <br /> | writer = Selva vadivel (dialogues) (episode 75–571)<br /> | director = {{ubl|Nambiraj (episodes 1–109) || Rasool (episodes 110–280)|| N. Sundareswaran (episodes 281–400)|| Gopal || Shanmugam (episodes 400–571)}}<br /> | starring = {{ubl| [[Ayesha (Tamil actress)|Ayesha]] || Vicky Krish || [[Shanoor Sana Begum]] || Vandana Michael || [[Meghna Vincent]] }}<br /> | theme_music_composer = &quot;Kula vilaka yetri vaikum Ponmagal Vandhalae&quot; ) by [[Shreya Ghoshal]] and [[Vairamuthu]] (lyricist)<br /> | open_theme = <br /> | country = India<br /> | language = Tamil<br /> | num_seasons = 3<br /> | num_episodes = 571<br /> | list_episodes = <br /> | producer = [[Syed Anwar Ahmed]]<br /> | cinematography = <br /> | editor = R. Aravind Raj<br /> | camera = [[Multi-camera]]<br /> | runtime = approx. 22–24 minutes per episode<br /> | company = Syed Studios<br /> | first_aired = {{start date|df=yes|2018|2|26}}<br /> | last_aired = {{end date|df=y|2020|02|01}}<br /> | channel = [[Vijay TV]] HD<br /> | screenplay = Rasool - selva vadivel - George <br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Ponmagal Vanthal''' ({{translation|''Goddess of Wealth Appeared''}}) is a [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language family soap opera series starring [[Meghna Vincent]], Vicky Krish, [[Shanoor Sana]] and Vandana Michael. It began airing on 26 February 2018 and ended on 1 February 2020 for 571 episodes on [[Vijay TV]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/vijay-tv-to-air-two-new-shows-avalum-nanum-and-ponmagal-vandhal/articleshow/63029326.cms|title=Vijay TV to air new series – Ponmagal Vanthal|newspaper=The Times of India |date=22 February 2018 |publisher=timesofindia.indiatimes.com|access-date=2018-02-22|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; every Monday to Friday in an afternoon programming block called &quot;Vijay Matinee Thodargal&quot;. Later the show was rescheduled to air Monday through Saturday.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://cinema.dinamalar.com/tamil-tv-serials/67067/Chinna-thirai-Television-News/Two-new-serials-in-Vijay-Television.htm|title=விஜய் மேட்னி தொடர் - பொன்மகள் வந்தாள்|date=24 February 2018 |publisher=[[Dinamalar]]|access-date=2018-02-24|language=ta}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://bestmediainfo.com/2018/02/vijay-tv-rolls-up-sleeves-to-take-colors-tamil-and-sun-tv-head-on/|title=Vijay TV will launch a one-hour afternoon slot|publisher=bestmediainfo.com|access-date=2018-02-22|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; The series marks the debut Tamil-language television series for Ayesha of Kerala, who plays the lead role; however she was replaced by [[Meghna Vincent]] after episode 105.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://m.dinamalar.com/cinema_detail.php?id=71013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180810131619/http://m.dinamalar.com/cinema_detail.php?id=71013|url-status=dead|archive-date=10 August 2018|title=பொன்மகள் வந்தாள் : ஆயிஷா வெளியே, மேக்னா உள்ளே|work=Dinamalar|access-date=2018-08-12|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; The series is directed by Gopal Shamugam.<br /> <br /> ==Synopsis==<br /> The story is about Rohini, who is loyal to her family. Under certain circumstances, she is forced to marry Gowtham, a man from a rich family. Rohini receives a dowry from her mother-in-law Rajeshwari, who tries to cause problems in her life.<br /> <br /> ==Cast==<br /> <br /> ===Main===<br /> * [[Ayesha (Tamil actress)|Ayesha]] / [[Meghna Vincent]] as Rohini Selvam Gautham – Maragatham and Selvam's second daughter; Kaveri and Swathi's sister; Gautam's wife<br /> * Vicky Krish as Gautham Chakravarthy – Rajeshwari and Chakravarthy's younger son; Vishnu's brother; Priya's ex-fiancé; Rohini's husband<br /> * [[Shanoor Sana]] as Rajeshwari Chakravarthy – Chakravarthy's wife; Vishnu and Gautam's mother&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://cinema.dinamalar.com/tamil-tv-serials/66638/Chinna-thirai-Television-News/Sana-enter-in-Television.htm|title=சின்னத்திரைக்கு வந்தார் சானா|date=8 February 2018 |publisher=[[Dinamalar]]|access-date=2018-02-08|language=ta}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * Nisha Jagadeeswaran / Vandana Michael as Priya Vishnu – Minister and Pushpa's daughter; Gautam's ex-fiancée; Vishnu's ex-wife (Main Antagonist)<br /> <br /> ===Supporting===<br /> * Dharini as Maragatham Selvam – Shanmugam's sister; Selvam's wife; Kaveri, Rohini and Swathi's mother<br /> * Ravishankar as Selvam – Maragatham's husband; Kaveri, Rohini and Swathi's father<br /> * Nathan Shyam as Vishnu Chakravarthy – Rajeshwari and Chakravarthy's elder son; Gautham's brother; Maya and Sartiha's ex-fiancé; Priya's ex-husband; Soumiya's husband<br /> * Ramya Shankar / Archana Harish as Soumiya Vishnu – Vishnu's wife<br /> * Devaraj as Chakravarthy – Rajeshwari's husband; Vishnu and Gautham's father<br /> * [[Vijay Krishnaraj]] as Shanmugam – Maragatham's brother; Thamarai's husband; Ashok's father<br /> * Yuvasree as Thamarai Shanmugam – Shanmugam's wife; Ashok's mother<br /> * VJ Mounika / Swetha Venkat as Kaveri Selvam Ashok – Maragatham and Selvam's eldest daughter; Rohini and Swathi's sister; Ashok's wife<br /> * Feroz Khan as Ashok Shamnugam – Shanmugam and Thamarai's son; Kaveri's husband<br /> * Archana Kumar as Swathi Selvam – Maragatham and Selvam's youngest daughter; Kaveri and Rohini's sister<br /> * Sangeetha as Thanam – Housekeeper<br /> * Madhan as Sethu – Rohini's friend<br /> * Mercy Leyal as Pushpa – Minister's wife; Priya's mother<br /> * Ravi Varma as Minister – Pushpa's husband; Priya's father<br /> * Priya Prince as Maya – Vishnu's ex-fiancée<br /> * Akila as Saritha – Vishnu's ex-fiancée<br /> * Sivaranjini as Malini – Priya's friend<br /> * Vincent Roy as Sena <br /> * [[Sindhu Shyam]]<br /> <br /> ==Controversy==<br /> Director Nambiraja was accused by Ayesha (the latter who earlier played Rohini) for misbehaving in the shooting spot.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://tamil.samayam.com/tamil-cinema/movie-news/ponmagal-vanthal-serial-heroine-changed/articleshow/65149210.cms|title='பொன்மகள் வந்தாள்' சீரியல் நாயகி மாற்றம் குறித்து இயக்குனர் பதில்! - Samayam Tamil|date=2018-07-26|work=samayam Tamil|access-date=2018-08-12|language=ta}}&lt;/ref&gt; The problem was highlighted to the channel and Ayeesha was sacked from playing the lead role in the serial.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://cinema.vikatan.com/tamil-cinema/television/131712-serial-actress-ayesha-talks-about-ponmagal-vanthal-serial-issue.html|title=&quot;டைரக்டருக்கும், எனக்கும் சண்டை. ஆனா, என்னை மட்டும் ஏன் நீக்கினீங்க..?&quot; - 'பொன்மகள் வந்தாள் ' ஆயிஷா {{!}} serial actress ayesha talks about Ponmagal Vanthal serial issue|last=V.A. Sarankumar|first=Vidhya Gayathri|date=2018-07-23|work=vikatan.com|access-date=2018-08-12|language=ta}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> *[http://www.vijaytv.in official website] at [[Hotstar]]<br /> <br /> {{STAR Vijay TV shows}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Star Vijay original programming]]<br /> [[Category:Television shows set in Tamil Nadu]]<br /> [[Category:2018 Tamil-language television series debuts]]<br /> [[Category:Tamil-language television shows]]<br /> [[Category:Tamil-language melodrama television series]]<br /> [[Category:2020 Tamil-language television series endings]]</div>

Evan692365 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Baramati_Assembly_constituency&diff=481400 2026-04-26T17:12:25Z

<p>Evan692365: added</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Constituency of the Maharashtra legislative assembly in India}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=May 2020}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=April 2019}}<br /> {{Infobox Indian constituency<br /> | name = {{{name|Baramati Assembly constituency}}}<br /> | type = SLA<br /> | map_image = 201-Baramati.svg<br /> | map_caption = <br /> | map_alt = <br /> | state = [[Maharashtra]]<br /> | district = [[Pune district|Pune]]<br /> | division = <br /> | loksabha_cons = [[Baramati (Lok Sabha constituency)|Baramati]]<br /> | constituency_no = 201<br /> | established = 1951 &lt;ref name=&quot;delimitation1951&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3968-dpaco-1951/ |title=DPACO (1951) - Archive Delimitation Orders - Election Commission of India |access-date= 9 December 2020 |pages=344-357}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | reservation = None&lt;!-- SC, ST or None --&gt;<br /> | abolished = <br /> | preceded_by = <br /> | mla = ''Vacant'' <br /> | electors =381,157 <br /> }}<br /> '''Baramati Assembly constituency''' is one of the 288 [[Maharashtra Vidhan Sabha|Vidhan Sabha]] (legislative assembly) constituencies of [[Maharashtra]] state in western [[India]].&lt;ref name=ceo&gt;{{cite web|url=http://ceo.maharashtra.gov.in/acs.php |title=District wise List of Assembly and Parliamentary Constituencies |publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Maharashtra website |access-date=4 November 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100318055304/http://ceo.maharashtra.gov.in/acs.php |archive-date=18 March 2010 }}&lt;/ref&gt; It is one of the 21 constituencies located in the [[Pune district]].<br /> <br /> Baramati is part of the [[Baramati (Lok Sabha constituency)|Baramati Lok Sabha constituency]] along with five other Vidhan Sabha constituencies in the Pune district, namely, [[Daund Assembly constituency|Daund]], [[Indapur Assembly constituency|Indapur]], [[Purandar Assembly constituency|Purandar]], [[Bhor Assembly constituency|Bhor]]<br /> <br /> ==Members of the Legislative Assembly==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Election<br /> ! Member<br /> ! colspan=2|Party<br /> |-<br /> | | [[1952 Bombay State Legislative Assembly election|1952]] || Mulik Gulabrao Dadasaheb || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[1957 Bombay State Legislative Assembly election|1957]] || Jagtap Nanasaheb Bapuji || {{Full party name with color|Peasants and Workers Party of India}}<br /> |-<br /> | Londhe Sambhaji Bandoba || {{Full party name with color|Scheduled Castes Federation}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[1962 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1962]] || Malatibai Madhavrao Shirole || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=4}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[1967 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1967]] || rowspan=&quot;6&quot; | [[Sharad Pawar]]<br /> |-<br /> | [[1972 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1972]]<br /> |-<br /> | [[1978 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1978]]<br /> |-<br /> | [[1980 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1980]] || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress (U)}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[1985 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1985]] || {{Full party name with color|Indian Congress (Socialist)}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[1990 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1990]] || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=3}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[1991 elections in India#Maharashtra|1991 By-election]] || rowspan=&quot;8&quot; | [[Ajit Pawar]]<br /> |-<br /> | [[1995 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1995]]<br /> |-<br /> | [[1999 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1999]] || {{Full party name with color|Nationalist Congress Party|rowspan=5}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[2004 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2004]]<br /> |-<br /> | [[2009 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2009]]<br /> |-<br /> | [[2014 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2014]]<br /> |-<br /> | [[2019 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2019]]<br /> |-<br /> | [[2024 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2024]] || {{Full party name with color|Nationalist Congress Party }}<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Election results==<br /> === 2026 by-election ===<br /> {{Election box begin|title = [[2026 elections in India#Maharashtra|2026 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly by-election]]:Baramati}}<br /> <br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |candidate = [[Sunetra Pawar]]<br /> |party = Nationalist Congress Party<br /> |votes = <br /> |percentage = <br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |candidate =None of the Above<br /> |party = NOTA<br /> |votes = <br /> |percentage = <br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes =|percentage =|change = }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes = |percentage =|change =}}<br /> {{Election box total valid |votes= }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors=|ref = |change =}}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link |winner = Nationalist Congress Party |swing =}}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === Assembly Election 2024 ===<br /> {{Election box begin |title = [[2024 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Baramati }}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Ajit Pawar]] |party = Nationalist Congress Party |votes = 181,132 |percentage = 66.32% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Yogendra Srinivas Pawar|party=Nationalist Congress Party – Sharadchandra Pawar|votes=80,233|percentage=29.38%|change=''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Anurag Adinath Khalate|party=Bharatiya Praja Surajya Paksha|votes=2,768|percentage=1.01%|change=''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Mangaldas Tukaram Nikalje|party=Vanchit Bahujan Aaghadi|votes=1,584|percentage=0.6%|change=''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=None of the above|party=None of the above|votes=779|percentage=0.29%|change={{decrease}}0.39}}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes = 100,899 |percentage = 36.94% |change = {{decrease}}33.85 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout|votes=273,895|percentage=71.86%|change={{increase}}3.04}}<br /> {{Election box total valid |votes= 273,116}}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 381,157 |ref = |change = {{increase}}11.36 }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner = Nationalist Congress Party |loser = Nationalist Congress Party |swing = {{decrease}}17.48 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === Assembly Election 2019 ===<br /> {{Election box begin |title = [[2019 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Baramati &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.results.eci.gov.in/ACOCT2019/partywiseresult-S13.htm?st=S13|title=General Election to Vidhan Sabha Trends &amp; Results Oct-2019|publisher=Election Commission of India|access-date=28 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191121065754/http://results.eci.gov.in/ACOCT2019/partywiseresult-S13.htm?st=S13|archive-date=21 November 2019|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;election2019&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/11699-maharashtra-legislative-assembly-election-2019/ |title=Maharashtra Legislative Assembly Election, 2019 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date= 2 February 2022 |url-access=limited}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Ajit Pawar]] |party = Nationalist Congress Party |votes = 195,641 |percentage = 83.80% |change = {{increase}}17.35 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[Gopichand Padalkar]]|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|votes=30,376|percentage=13.01%|change={{decrease}}13.82}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Gophane Avinash Shahaji|party=Vanchit Bahujan Aaghadi|votes=3,111|percentage=1.33%|change=''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Ashok Ajinath Mane|party=Bahujan Samaj Party|votes=1,421|percentage=0.61%|change={{decrease}}0.87}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=None of the above|party=None of the above|votes=1,579|percentage=0.68%|change={{decrease}}0.03}}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes = 165,265 |percentage = 70.79% |change = {{increase}}31.17 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout|votes=235,539|percentage=68.82%|change={{decrease}}4.87}}<br /> {{Election box total valid |votes= 233,461}}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 342,270 |ref = |change = {{increase}}10.41 }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link |winner = Nationalist Congress Party |swing = {{increase}}17.35 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === Assembly Election 2014 ===<br /> {{Election box begin |title = [[2014 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Baramati &lt;ref name=&quot;election2014&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/11699-maharashtra-legislative-assembly-election-2014/ |title=Maharashtra Legislative Assembly Election, 2014 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date= 2 February 2022 |url-access=limited}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Ajit Pawar]] |party = Nationalist Congress Party |votes = 150,588 |percentage = 66.45% |change = {{decrease}}1.81 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Prabhakar Dadaram Gawade|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|votes=60,797|percentage=26.83%|change=''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Adv. Rajendra Dattatraya Kale|party=Shiv Sena|votes=4,086|percentage=1.80%|change={{decrease}}8.62}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Adv. Aakash Vijayrao More|party=Indian National Congress|votes=4,013|percentage=1.77%|change=''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Potre Anil Haribhau|party=Bahujan Samaj Party|votes=3,349|percentage=1.48%|change={{decrease}}1.73}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=None of the above|party=None of the above|votes=1,619|percentage=0.71%|change=''New''}}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes = 89,791 |percentage = 39.62% |change = {{decrease}}14.96 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout|votes=228,429|percentage=73.69%|change={{increase}}8.87}}<br /> {{Election box total valid |votes= 226,611}}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 309,993 |ref = |change = {{increase}}6.70 }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link |winner = Nationalist Congress Party |swing = {{decrease}}1.81 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === Assembly Election 2009 ===<br /> {{Election box begin |title = [[2009 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Baramati &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|publisher= Chief Eletoral Officer, [[Maharashtra]]|title=General Elections to State Legislative Assembly 2009 |url=https://ceoelection.maharashtra.gov.in/pdff/vidhanresult.pdf|archive-url= http://web.archive.org/web/20240708005931/https://ceoelection.maharashtra.gov.in/pdff/vidhanresult.pdf|archive-date=8 July 2024|format=pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Ajit Pawar]] |party = Nationalist Congress Party |votes = 128,544 |percentage = 68.26% |change = {{decrease}}0.81 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Taware Ranjankumar Shankarrao |party = Independent politician |votes = 25,747 |percentage = 13.67% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Ad. Kale Rajendra Dattatraya |party = Shiv Sena |votes = 19,627 |percentage = 10.42% |change = {{decrease}}11.20 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Dasharath Nana Raut |party = Rashtriya Samaj Paksha |votes = 6,042 |percentage = 3.21% |change = {{decrease}}0.41 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Kaluram Vinayak Choudhari |party = Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 6,037 |percentage = 3.21% |change = {{increase}}0.40 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Jarad Vitthal Dnyandev |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,262 |percentage = 0.67% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes = 102,797 |percentage = 54.58% |change = {{increase}}7.13 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes = 188,334 |percentage = 64.82% |change = {{decrease}}1.85 }}<br /> {{Election box total valid |votes= 188,325}}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 290,528 |ref = |change = {{increase}}38.80 }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link |winner = Nationalist Congress Party |swing = {{decrease}}0.81 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === Assembly Election 2004 ===<br /> {{Election box begin |title = [[2004 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Baramati }}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Ajit Pawar]] |party = Nationalist Congress Party |votes = 96,302 |percentage = 69.07% |change = {{decrease}}0.65 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Popatrao Mansingrao Tupe |party = Shiv Sena |votes = 30,145 |percentage = 21.62% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Atole Sopanrao Tukaram |party = Rashtriya Samaj Paksha |votes = 5,043 |percentage = 3.62% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Kaluram Vinayak Choudhari |party = Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 3,917 |percentage = 2.81% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Shivaji Jaysing Kokare |party = Independent politician |votes = 2,740 |percentage = 1.97% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes = 66,157 |percentage = 47.45% |change = {{increase}}6.86 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes = 139,555 |percentage = 66.67% |change = {{decrease}}10.41 }}<br /> {{Election box total valid |votes= 139,421}}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 209,320 |ref = |change = {{increase}}23.87 }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link |winner = Nationalist Congress Party |swing = {{decrease}}0.65 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === Assembly Election 1999 ===<br /> {{Election box begin |title = [[1999 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Baramati &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1999 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1999/StatisticalReport-MH99.pdf|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117044316/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1999/StatisticalReport-MH99.pdf|archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Ajit Pawar]] |party = Nationalist Congress Party |votes = 86,507 |percentage = 69.72% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Taware Chandrarao Krishnarao |party = Independent politician |votes = 36,141 |percentage = 29.13% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Kakade Arunrao Bhagavanrao |party = Akhil Bharatiya Sena |votes = 765 |percentage = 0.62% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes = 50,366 |percentage = 40.59% |change = {{decrease}}20.19 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes = 130,243 |percentage = 77.08% |change = {{decrease}}4.16 }}<br /> {{Election box total valid |votes= 124,086}}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 168,978 |ref = |change = {{increase}}4.19 }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner = Nationalist Congress Party |loser = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}2.19 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === Assembly Election 1995 ===<br /> {{Election box begin |title = [[1995 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Baramati &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1995 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1995/StatisticalReport-MH95.pdf|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117121534/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1995/StatisticalReport-MH95.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Ajit Pawar]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 91,493 |percentage = 71.91% |change = {{decrease}}18.52 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Kakade Ratanrao Bhagwanrao|party=Independent politician|votes=14,158|percentage=11.13%|change=''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Bhagat Madhukar Jotiba|party=Independent politician|votes=8,103|percentage=6.37%|change=''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Sunil Dattatraya Shinde|party=Shiv Sena|votes=6,567|percentage=5.16%|change=''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Masal Manikrao Sambhaji|party=Independent politician|votes=1,828|percentage=1.44%|change=''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Gavade Kisan Bapurao|party=Independent politician|votes=1,602|percentage=1.26%|change=''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Kokare Shivaji Sambhaji|party=Independent politician|votes=1,050|percentage=0.83%|change=''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Waghmode Rambhau Narayan|party=Independent politician|votes=858|percentage=0.67%|change=''New''}}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes = 77,335 |percentage = 60.78% |change = {{decrease}}21.07 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout|votes=131,757|percentage=81.24%|change=}}<br /> {{Election box total valid |votes= 127,236}}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 162,185 |ref = |change = }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}18.52 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === Assembly By-election 1991 ===<br /> {{Election box begin |title = [[1991 elections in India#Maharashtra|1991 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly by-election]] : Baramati &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/2511-details-of-bye-elections-from-1952-to-1995/ |title=Details of Bye Elections from 1952 to 1995 |access-date=21 December 2025 |website=old.eci.gov.in |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] }}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Ajit Pawar]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 96,032 |percentage = 90.43% |change = {{increase}}3.54 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = K. H. Khanderao |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 9,117 |percentage = 8.59% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes = 86,915 |percentage = 81.85% |change = {{increase}}6.75 }}<br /> {{Election box total valid |votes= 106,194}}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = {{increase}}3.54 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === Assembly Election 1990 ===<br /> {{Election box begin |title = [[1990 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Baramati &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1990 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1990/StatRep_MT_90.pdf |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117080722/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1990/StatRep_MT_90.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Sharad Pawar]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 102,066 |percentage = 86.89% |change = {{increase}}48.00 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Chopade Marutrao Dhondiba |party = Independent politician |votes = 13,843 |percentage = 11.78% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes = 88,223 |percentage = 75.10% |change = {{increase}}55.33 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes = 118,950 |percentage = 74.62% |change = {{increase}}0.96 }}<br /> {{Election box total valid |votes= 117,472}}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 159,402 |ref = |change = {{increase}}26.70 }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Indian Congress (Socialist) |swing = {{increase}}28.23 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === Assembly Election 1985 ===<br /> {{Election box begin |title = [[1985 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Baramati &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1985 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/Statistical%20Report%20Maharashtra%201985.pdf |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117075119/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/Statistical%20Report%20Maharashtra%201985.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Sharad Pawar]] |party = Indian Congress (Socialist) |votes = 53,545 |percentage = 58.66% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Kakade Shahajiraje Mugutrao |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 35,501 |percentage = 38.89% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Kokare Hanumant Khanderao |party = Independent politician |votes = 892 |percentage = 0.98% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes = 18,044 |percentage = 19.77% |change = {{decrease}}14.74 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes = 92,674 |percentage = 73.66% |change = {{increase}}2.65 }}<br /> {{Election box total valid |votes= 91,277}}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 125,809 |ref = |change = {{increase}}6.55 }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner = Indian Congress (Socialist) |loser = Indian National Congress (U) |swing = {{decrease}}8.14 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === Assembly Election 1980 ===<br /> {{Election box begin |title = [[1980 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Baramati &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1980 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1980/Statistical%20Report%201980%20Maharashtra.pdf |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117083555/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1980/Statistical%20Report%201980%20Maharashtra.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Sharad Pawar]] |party = Indian National Congress (U) |votes = 54,919 |percentage = 66.80% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Chopade Marutrao Dhondiba |party = Indian National Congress (I) |votes = 26,550 |percentage = 32.30% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes = 28,369 |percentage = 34.51% |change = {{increase}}12.02 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes = 83,846 |percentage = 71.01% |change = {{decrease}}9.39 }}<br /> {{Election box total valid |votes= 82,208}}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 118,074 |ref = |change = {{increase}}11.76 }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner = Indian National Congress (U) |loser = Indian National Congress |swing = {{increase}}6.84 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === Assembly Election 1978 ===<br /> {{Election box begin |title = [[1978 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Baramati &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1978 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/Statistical%20Report%201978%20Maharashtra.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170629182050/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/Statistical%20Report%201978%20Maharashtra.pdf|archive-date=29 June 2017|format=pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Sharad Pawar]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 49,685 |percentage = 59.96% |change = {{decrease}}15.54 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = More Vijay Hanumantrao |party = Janata Party |votes = 31,047 |percentage = 37.47% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Takawane Shivajirao Balwantrao |party = Independent politician |votes = 785 |percentage = 0.95% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Gaikwad Arvind Bapurao |party = Independent politician |votes = 719 |percentage = 0.87% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Chavan Bayaji Narayan |party = Independent politician |votes = 627 |percentage = 0.76% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes = 18,638 |percentage = 22.49% |change = {{decrease}}34.24 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes = 84,948 |percentage = 80.40% |change = {{increase}}9.06 }}<br /> {{Election box total valid |votes= 82,863}}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 105,653 |ref = |change = {{increase}}10.70 }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}15.54 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === Assembly Election 1972 ===<br /> {{Election box begin |title = [[1972 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Baramati &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1967 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatReport_MT_72.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170519183024/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatReport_MT_72.pdf|archive-date=19 May 2017|format=pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Sharad Pawar]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 49,874 |percentage = 75.50% |change = {{increase}}12.40 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = More Vijayrao Hanmantrao |party = Samyukta Socialist Party |votes = 12,401 |percentage = 18.77% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Salave Dadu Phulaji |party = Republican Party of India |votes = 2,451 |percentage = 3.71% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Kale Arunrao Ramchandra |party = Bharatiya Jana Sangh |votes = 808 |percentage = 1.22% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Sahebrao Kashinath Pawar |party = Independent politician |votes = 523 |percentage = 0.79% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes = 37,473 |percentage = 56.73% |change = {{increase}}26.51 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes = 68,081 |percentage = 71.34% |change = {{decrease}}2.80 }}<br /> {{Election box total valid |votes= 66,057}}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 95,437 |ref = |change = {{increase}}20.82 }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = {{increase}}12.40 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === Assembly Election 1967 ===<br /> {{Election box begin |title = [[1967 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Baramati &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1967 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=https://www.eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Maharashtra%201967.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180926233227/https://www.eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Maharashtra%201967.pdf|archive-date=26 September 2018|format=pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Sharad Pawar]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 34,160 |percentage = 63.10% |change = {{increase}}16.24 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = B. S. Kakade |party = Peasants and Workers Party of India |votes = 17,801 |percentage = 32.88% |change = {{increase}}18.97 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = H. C. Naidu |party = Praja Socialist Party |votes = 1,706 |percentage = 3.15% |change = {{decrease}}14.49 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = J. N. Gavade |party = Independent politician |votes = 471 |percentage = 0.87% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes = 16,359 |percentage = 30.22% |change = {{increase}}1.00 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes = 58,562 |percentage = 74.14% |change = {{increase}}22.18 }}<br /> {{Election box total valid |votes= 54,138}}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 78,990 |ref = |change = {{increase}}19.11 }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = {{increase}}16.24 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === Assembly Election 1962 ===<br /> {{Election box begin |title = [[1962 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Baramati &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1962 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Maharastra_1962.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120117085627/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Maharastra_1962.pdf|archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Malatibai Madhavrao Shirole |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 14,751 |percentage = 46.86% |change = {{increase}}10.03 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Mansing Murlidhar Tule |party = Praja Socialist Party |votes = 5,553 |percentage = 17.64% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Jijaba Nanasaheb Gavade |party = Peasants and Workers Party of India |votes = 4,378 |percentage = 13.91% |change = {{decrease}}19.90 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Vithal Ramchandra Sonawale |party = Independent politician |votes = 3,512 |percentage = 11.16% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Annasaheb Nanasaheb Bhapkar |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,459 |percentage = 4.64% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Dattatray Piraji Lonkar |party = Independent politician |votes = 949 |percentage = 3.01% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Baburao Pandurang Humbre |party = Independent politician |votes = 874 |percentage = 2.78% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes = 9,198 |percentage = 29.22% |change = {{increase}}15.92 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes = 34,458 |percentage = 51.96% |change = {{decrease}}41.23 }}<br /> {{Election box total valid |votes= 31,476}}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 66,316 |ref = |change = {{decrease}}41.94 }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Peasants and Workers Party of India |swing = {{increase}}13.05 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === Assembly Election 1957 ===<br /> {{Election box begin |title = [[1957 Bombay State Legislative Assembly election]] : Baramati &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1957 to the Legislative Assembly of Bombay |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_Bombay_1957.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114093455/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_Bombay_1957.pdf|archive-date=14 January 2012|format=pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Jagtap Nanasaheb Bapuji |party = Peasants and Workers Party of India |votes = 35,990 |percentage = 33.81% |change = {{increase}}12.86 }}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Londhe Sambhaji Bandoba |party = Scheduled Castes Federation |votes = 31,248 |percentage = 29.36% |change = {{increase}}27.16 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Kharat Ganpat Sambhaji |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 21,835 |percentage = 20.51% |change = {{decrease}}38.51 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Ingule Uddhayrao Laxman |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 17,364 |percentage = 16.31% |change = {{decrease}}42.71 }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes = 14,155 |percentage = 13.30% |change = {{decrease}}24.77 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes = 106,437 |percentage = 93.19% |change = {{increase}}34.55 }}<br /> {{Election box total valid |votes= 106,437}}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 114,215 |ref = |change = {{increase}}119.93 }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner = Peasants and Workers Party of India |loser = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}25.21 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === Assembly Election 1952 ===<br /> {{Election box begin |title = [[1952 Bombay State Legislative Assembly election]] : Baramati &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1951 to the Legislative Assembly of Bombay |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/StatReport_51_BOMBAY.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114083220/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/StatReport_51_BOMBAY.pdf |archive-date=14 January 2012|format=pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Mulik Gulabrao Dadasaheb |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 17,973 |percentage = 59.02% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Gagtap Nanashaheb Bapuji |party = Peasants and Workers Party of India |votes = 6,380 |percentage = 20.95% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Shelke Marutrao Bhaurao |party = Independent politician |votes = 3,836 |percentage = 12.60% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Gite Balasaheb Patilbhuwa |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,592 |percentage = 5.23% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Sonone Shirang Satva |party = Scheduled Castes Federation |votes = 670 |percentage = 2.20% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes = 11,593 |percentage = 38.07% |change = }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes = 30,451 |percentage = 58.64% |change = }}<br /> {{Election box total valid |votes= 30,451}}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 51,932 |ref = |change = }}<br /> {{Election box new seat win |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> * [[Baramati]]<br /> * [[List of constituencies of Maharashtra Vidhan Sabha]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{coord|18|9|22.65|N|74|34|49.04|E|region:IN|display=title}}<br /> <br /> {{Pune district topics}}<br /> {{Assembly constituencies of Maharashtra}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Assembly constituencies of Pune district]]<br /> [[Category:Assembly constituencies of Maharashtra]]<br /> [[Category:Baramati]]<br /> [[Category:Politics of Pune district]]<br /> [[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1951]]<br /> [[Category:1951 establishments in Bombay State]]</div>

Evan692365 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mohini_Jain_v._State_of_Karnataka&diff=518249 2026-04-24T16:32:59Z

<p>Evan692365: creating entry - done</p> <hr /> <div>{{short description|1992 Supreme Court of India case}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=September 2019}}<br /> {{Infobox court case<br /> |name = Mohini Jain v. State of Karnataka<br /> |court = [[Supreme Court of India]]<br /> |image = <br /> |imagesize = <br /> |imagelink = <br /> |imagealt = <br /> |caption = <br /> |full name = <br /> |date decided = 30 July 1992<br /> |citations = 1992 AIR 1858; 1992 SCC (3) 666; 1992 SCR (3) 658<br /> |ECLI = <br /> |transcripts = <br /> |judges = [[Kuldip Singh (judge)|Kuldip Singh]], R.M. Sahai<br /> |number of judges = 2<br /> |decision by = Kuldip Singh<br /> |concurring = <br /> |dissenting = <br /> |concur/dissent = <br /> |prior actions = <br /> |appealed from = <br /> |appealed to = <br /> |subsequent actions = <br /> |related actions = <br /> |opinions = The right to education is as an integral part of the right to life guaranteed under Article 21<br /> |keywords = &lt;!-- {{hlist | }} --&gt;<br /> |italic title = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''''Mohini Jain v. State of Karnataka''''', a 1992 [[Supreme Court of India]] case, occurred when the [[Government of Karnataka]] issued a notification that permitted the private medical colleges in the State of [[Karnataka]] to charge exorbitant [[tuition fees]] from the students admitted other than the &quot;Government seat quota&quot;. Miss Mohini Jain, a medical aspirant student filed a petition in Supreme Court challenging this notification. The apex Court raised an important question that &quot;whether [[right to education]] is guaranteed to the Indian citizen under the [[Constitution of India]]?&quot;<br /> <br /> The [[Supreme Court of India]] observed that mention of &quot;life and personal liberty&quot; in Article 21 of the Constitution&lt;ref name=&quot;lawmin.nic.in&quot;&gt;[Constitution Of India. Available on Official Website of Ministry of Law and Justice, Government of India.http://lawmin.nic.in/coi/coiason29july08.pdf.]&lt;/ref&gt; automatically implies some other rights, those are necessary for the full development of the personality, though they are not enumerated in Part III of the Constitution. [[Education]] is one such factor responsible for overall development of an individual and therefore, right to education is integrated in Article 21 of the Constitution.<br /> <br /> == A brief on the Case ==<br /> <br /> Mohini jain a resident of [[Meerut]] (in the State of [[Uttar Pradesh|UP]]), applied for admission to the [[MBBS]] course in the session commencing February/March, 1991, to a private [[medical college]] located in the State of Karnataka. The college management asked her to deposit a sum of Rs. 60,000/- as the tuition fee for the first year and also to show a bank guarantee of the amount equal to the fee for the remaining years. When Miss Jain's father intimated the management that the asked amount was beyond his reach, the management denied Ms. Jain's admission to the medical college. Miss Jain informed the court that the management demanded an additional amount of Rs. four and a half [[lakh]]s, however, the management denied the allegation (?).&lt;ref name=&quot;scoi&quot;&gt;[Official Website of Supreme Court of India. Available online at https://www.supremecourtofindia.nic.in]&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> As per the notification, the denial of admission of Miss Jain due to her failure to submit the yearly tuition fee of Rs. 60,000/- was a valid step taken by the college management. In this situation, Miss Jain filed a [[petition]] (Writ petition (Civil) No. 456 of 1991) under Article 32 (1) (&quot;The right to move the Supreme Court by appropriate proceedings for the enforcement of the rights conferred by this Part (Part III: Fundamental Rights) is guaranteed&quot;)&lt;ref name=&quot;lawmin.nic.in&quot;/&gt; of the Constitution of India challenging the notification issued by the Government of Karnataka.&lt;ref name=&quot;scoi&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> A two-member bench consisting Justice Kuldip Singh and Justice R. M. Sahai gave the judgment of the case on 30 July 1992 (1992 AIR 1858).&lt;ref name=&quot;scoi&quot;/&gt; For the first time in the post independent India, right to education of the Indian citizens and the State obligation to secure the right came under scrutiny at the premises of the [[apex court]]. It is important to note that this was the time when [[neo-liberal]] [[economic policy]] were knocking at the door of India.<br /> <br /> == The notification ==<br /> <br /> It is relevant to know in this context that what was the notification issued by the Government of Karnataka. The Government of Karnataka issued a notification dated 5 June 1989 under section 5(1) of the Karnataka Educational Institutions (Prohibition of capitation fee) Act, 1984, which fixed the tuition and other fees to be charged from the students by the private medical colleges in the state. As per the notification, the tuition fee for the candidates admitted against:&lt;ref name=&quot;scoi&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> 1. &quot;Government seat&quot; was Rs. 2,000 per year, <br /> <br /> 2. For the students from Karnataka but not falling under &quot;Government seat&quot; was not to be exceeding Rs. 25,000/- per year, and<br /> <br /> 3. For the Indian students not residing in Karnataka was not to be exceeding Rs. 60,000/- per year.<br /> <br /> == Responses from the respondents ==<br /> <br /> First [[respondent]] was the State of Karnataka. The second (the intervener) and the third respondent were the Karnataka Private Medical Colleges Association and the private medical college respectively. According to the third respondent, the private medical college, those students who were admitted under &quot;Government seat quota&quot; were meritorious and those who were admitted under the &quot;Management quota&quot; (other than &quot;Government seat&quot;) were not meritorious; the classification was valid and hence, in such situation, the college-management had the right to charge more fee from non-meritorious students to meet the expenses in order to provide [[medical education]] to the students.&lt;ref name=&quot;scoi&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> According to the intervener, Karnataka Private Medical Colleges Association, the private medical colleges in the state of Karnataka received no financial aid either from the State or Central Government. The expenditure per student for 5-year MBBS course in private medical colleges was about 5 lakhs and forty percent of the seats were filled by the &quot;Government Quota&quot; under which students paid only Rs. 2,000/- per year, therefore, students admitted under &quot;Management quota&quot; had to share the burden. Hence, the tuition fee was not excessive and there was no question of [[Profit (economics)|profit]] making by the private medical colleges in the State of Karnataka.&lt;ref name=&quot;scoi&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> Moreover, both the intervener and the third respondent mentioned that there were no provision either in the constitution of India or under any other law which prevented the charging of [[capitation fee]].&lt;ref name=&quot;scoi&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> == Issues before the Court ==<br /> <br /> In the lieu of above situation several crucial questions appeared before the court. Now, the court had to answer the following major questions:<br /> <br /> a) Was there a 'right to education' guaranteed to the people of India under the Constitution?<br /> <br /> b) If the right is guaranteed to the people then, does applying capitation fee violate the guaranteed right to education?<br /> <br /> c) Whether charging capitation fee in educational institutions is arbitrary, unjust, unfair and violated Article 14 (&quot;The State shall not deny to any person [[equality before the law]] or the equal protection of the laws within the territory of India&quot; ) of the constitution?&lt;ref name=&quot;scoi&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> == Decision ==<br /> The court said that the dignity of human can not be violated under any situation and that it is the responsibility of the state to respect and protect the dignity of its citizens. Individuals cannot be assured of [[human dignity]] unless their personality is developed and the only way to do so is educating individuals. When the Constitution was framed and adopted in 1950, 70 percent of the citizens of the country were [[illiterate]]. The framers of the constitution hoped to achieve 100 percent [[literacy]] within 10 years. Guided by that hope, Article 41 (&quot;The State shall, within the limits of its economic capacity and development, make effective provision for securing the right to work, to education and to public assistance in cases of unemployment, old age, sickness and disablement, and in other cases of underserved want&quot;) and Article 45 (&quot;The State shall endeavour to provide, within a period of ten years from the commencement of this Constitution, for free and [[compulsory education]] for all children until they complete the age of fourteen years&quot;) were included in the Chapter IV of the Constitution.&lt;ref name=&quot;scoi&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> The court referred to the various provisions in the Constitution of India and reminded that its Preamble promised to secure to all citizens of India &quot;Justice, social, economic and political&quot; and &quot;Liberty of thought, expression, belief, faith, and worship&quot;. It further provided &quot;Equality of status and of opportunity&quot; and assured individual dignity. The objectives flowing from the Preamble cannot be achieved but would remain on paper unless the people in this country were educated.&lt;ref name=&quot;scoi&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> The Court said that although the right to education had not been guaranteed as a [[fundamental rights|fundamental right]] under Part III of the Constitution, Articles 21 (in Part III of the Constitution of India), Article 38, 39(a), (f), 41 and 45 (in Part IV of the Constitution of India) together clear showed that the framers of the Constitution had made it obligatory for the state to provide education for its citizens. Article 21 states &quot;No person shall be deprived of his life or personal liberty except according to procedure established by law.&quot; The [[right to life]] under Article 21 and the dignity of an individual cannot be assured unless accompanied by right to education. Therefore, every citizen had a right to education under the constitution and so the state had an obligation to provide [[educational institution]]s at all levels for the benefit of all citizens. All educational institutions owned or recognised by the state, were obliged to secure the right to education.&lt;ref name=&quot;scoi&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> In Part IV, the [[Directive Principles|directive principles]] of the state policy, the Constitution asks the state to secure [[social order]] and to minimise inequalities for the promotion of welfare of citizens (Article 38). Article 39 of Part IV was about directing the state policies to secure adequate means of livelihood of citizen and offering opportunities to children to facilitate their healthy al-round development. Reality of the fundamental rights under Chapter III would not be realized by illiterate citizens unless the right to education under Article 41 was ensured to the individual citizen. Therefore, the right to education was concomitant to the fundamental rights provided under Part III of the Constitution.&lt;ref name=&quot;scoi&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> The fundamental rights guaranteed under Part III of the Constitution, including the right to [[freedom of speech]] and expression and other rights under Article 19, cannot be appreciated and fully enjoyed unless citizen are educated and conscious of their individual dignity. Education is instrumental to reduce the [[Social inequality|inequality]] and ensuring adequate livelihood. Illiterate people are vulnerable to [[exploitation of labour|exploitation]]. Without education, the vision expressed in the said articles of the Constitution can not be realized. The court said that the Directive Principles, which are fundamental in the governance of the country, cannot be isolated from the fundamental rights guaranteed under Part III. They supplement one another and must be read into the fundamental rights.&lt;ref name=&quot;scoi&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> == Court's responses on charging capitation fee ==<br /> <br /> Charging capitation fee limits the access to the education only to the richer section of the people. Poorer person with better merit can not get admission due to inability to pay money and as a consequence in educational institution a citizen's &quot;right to education&quot; gets denied. Further, allowing charging capitation fee violates Article 14 of the constitution of India. The only method of admission to the medical colleges should be by [[:wikt:merit|merit]] and merit alone. The court further stated that the capitation fee was simply a price for selling education. The concept of &quot;teaching shops&quot; was not at par with the constitutional scheme and was entirely opposing character to the Indian culture and heritage.&lt;ref name=&quot;scoi&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> Court made one significant remark in stating that if government recognises or approve a professional institution to run a professional course, it is State responsibility to ensure that the Institute should charge the government rates only and right to education is preserved.&lt;ref name=&quot;scoi&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> == Significance ==<br /> <br /> The judgment is historic in its own accord. The judgment of the Supreme Court has huge significance in a context of state's failure to maintain the endeavour set by Article 45 of the Constitution, even after 73 years of independence.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ref-1&quot;&gt;[Tilak, J. B. (1998). Available online athttp://www.doccentre.org/docsweb/Education/Scanned_material/New-Folder/fre2.seminar98.646.pdf accessed on 11 September 2011.]&lt;/ref&gt; However, the judgment of the court resulted mixed reaction. Some criticised the court's judgment as impractical and court's role as unnecessarily proactive,&lt;ref&gt;[Sathe, S. P. (1992). Supreme Court on Right to Education . Economic and Political Weekly; 27 (35); 1847–1848.]&lt;/ref&gt; but others welcomed the court's decision as logical&lt;ref name=&quot;ND &amp; SV&quot;&gt;[Nagasaila, D and Suresh, V (1992). Can Right to Education be a Fundamental Right? Economic and Political Weekly; 27 (45); 2442–2443.]&lt;/ref&gt; and response to the call of hour.&lt;ref&gt;[Anand, A. S. (1997). Justice N.D. Krishna Rao Memorial Lecture Protection of Human Rights — Judicial Obligation or Judicial Activism. Online available athttp://www.ebc-india.com/lawyer/articles/97v7a2.htm accessed on 10 September 2011.]&lt;/ref&gt; Others noted the judgment as the expression of [[judicial activism]] because only a two-judge bench had made a substantial change in constitution.&lt;ref&gt;[Suchindran, B. N. (2011). An injudicious fraud. Blog post available athttp://lawandotherthings.blogspot.com/2011/02/injudicious-fraud.html accessed on 11 September 2011.]&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The decisionappeared while [[liberalisation]] was a government policy looking for Indian soil to sprout, and [[commercialisation]] of education was not as rampant as it is now.&lt;ref&gt;[Times on India. available onlinehttp://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-02-21/india/28130476_1_capitation-fee-private-schools-education accessed on 10 March 2010.]&lt;/ref&gt; In the recent trend of liberalization and [[privatization]], the scourge of commercialization of education looms large. It is a challenge to keep the conformity with the socialist structure of Constitution, and the judgment is in the line of retaining the conformity.&lt;ref name=&quot;ND &amp; SV&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> The most notable part of the judgment was its insistence for the right to education to be read as an integral part of the right to life guaranteed under Article 21, Part III. The decision of the Court that the fulfillment of the right to life requires a life of dignity and so must be interpreted to include both the economic and social rights. Education is as basic as to ensure rights to food, water, and health.<br /> <br /> However, the question arose whether the right to education at all level is essential for citizens for living a descent life. Should the right to education be limited to only right to primary and basic education? Should declaring right to education at higher education level actually increase the status quo and does the unequal distribution of resources result in the collapse of the entire education system in India?&lt;ref name=&quot;SP 1992&quot;&gt;[Sathe, S. P. (1992). Supreme Court on Right to Education. Economic and Political Weekly; 27 (35); 1847–1848.]&lt;/ref&gt; According to some critics, private educational institutions do not get any government grants and so should not be interpreted under the purview of Article 12.&lt;ref name=&quot;SP 1992&quot;/&gt; The Supreme Court later modified its judgment and to limit the right to free and compulsory education up to 14 years of age.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ref-1&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> == Conclusion ==<br /> The most important thing is, there was a traditional look towards Directive Principle as idealistic preaching of the constitution.&lt;ref&gt;[Times on India. available online at https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Schools-cant-be-allowed-to-fix-exorbitant-fees/articleshow/5600370.cms accessed on 10 March 2010.]&lt;/ref&gt; This case, revisited the traditional ritualistic approach towards Directive Principles and provides a solid base of pragmatism.{{cn|date=May 2015}}<br /> <br /> The [[Eighty-sixth Amendment of the Constitution of India|86th Amendment of the Constitution]], passed by Parliament in 2002, and which came into force on 1 April 2010, the same date as its enabling legislation (''[[Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act]], 2009''), made the Right to Education a Fundamental Right.<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Mohini Jain V s State of Karnataka case}}<br /> [[Category:Education law in India]]<br /> [[Category:Education case law]]<br /> [[Category:Education in Karnataka]]<br /> [[Category:Medical education in India]]<br /> [[Category:History of education in India]]<br /> [[Category:Government of Karnataka]]<br /> [[Category:1992 in Indian law]]<br /> [[Category:Indian constitutional case law]]<br /> [[Category:1992 in case law]]<br /> [[Category:Supreme Court of India cases]]</div>

Evan692365 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Barsoi_Assembly_constituency&diff=489934 2026-04-15T23:38:52Z

<p>Evan692365: Done...</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Former constituency of the Bihar legislative assembly in India}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=January 2021}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=January 2021}}<br /> {{Infobox Indian constituency<br /> | name = Barsoi<br /> | type = SLA<br /> | map_image = <br /> | map_caption = <br /> | map_alt = <br /> | state = [[Bihar]]<br /> | district = [[Katihar district|Katihar]]<br /> | division = <br /> | loksabha_cons = [[Katihar Lok Sabha constituency|Katihar]]<br /> | constituency_no = <br /> | established = 1967<br /> | reservation = <br /> | abolished = 2008<br /> | electors = <br /> }}<br /> '''Barsoi Assembly constituency''' was an [[Vidhan Sabha|assembly]] constituency in [[Katihar district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Bihar]].<br /> <br /> It was part of [[Katihar Lok Sabha constituency]].<br /> <br /> This constituency ceased to exist in 2010 with the implementation of the [[Delimitation Commission of India]] recommendations. Most of the area under the erstwhile Barsoi Assembly constituency seat now falls under [[Balrampur, Bihar Assembly constituency]] since 2010.&lt;ref name=commission&gt;{{cite web|url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf |title = Schedule – XIII of Constituencies Order, 2008 of Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly constituencies Order, 2008 of the Election Commission of India|work= Schedule VI Bihar, Part A – Assembly constituencies, Part B – Parliamentary constituencies |publisher = |accessdate = 2011-01-10 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Members of Vidhan Sabha ==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> !Year<br /> !Name<br /> ! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Party<br /> |-<br /> |[[1967 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1967]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Sohan Lal Jain<br /> |style=&quot;background-color: {{party color|Jan Kranti Dal}}&quot; |<br /> |Jan Kranti Dal<br /> |-<br /> |[[1969 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1969]]<br /> |style=&quot;background-color: {{party color|Independent}}&quot; |<br /> |[[Independent politician|Independent]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[1972 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1972]]<br /> |Beula Doza<br /> | style=&quot;background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}&quot; |<br /> |[[Indian National Congress]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[1977 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1977]]<br /> |Abu Nayeem Chand<br /> | style=&quot;background-color: {{party color|Independent}}&quot; |<br /> |[[Independent politician|Independent]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[1980 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1980]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Beula Doza<br /> | style=&quot;background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress (I)}}&quot; |<br /> |[[Indian National Congress (I)]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[1985 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1985]]<br /> | style=&quot;background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}&quot; |<br /> |[[Indian National Congress]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[1990 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1990]]<br /> |Mohammed Siddiqui<br /> |style=&quot;background-color: {{party color|Janata Dal}}&quot; |<br /> |[[Janata Dal]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[1995 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1995]]<br /> |[[Dulal Chandra Goswami]]<br /> |style=&quot;background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}&quot; |<br /> |[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[2000 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2000]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Mahbub Alam (politician)|Mahbub Alam]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;background-color: {{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation}}&quot; |<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |[[Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[February 2005 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2005]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[October 2005 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2005]]<br /> |Munnaf Alam<br /> |-<br /> | colspan=&quot;4&quot; |{{center|''2010 onwards: Constituency does not exist''}}<br /> |}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url = http://eci.gov.in/eci_main/electionanalysis/AE/S04/partycomp144.htm |title = 144 - Barsoi Assembly Constituency |work = Partywise Comparison Since 1977 |publisher = Election Commission of India |accessdate = 2011-01-15 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120331000259/http://eci.gov.in/eci_main/electionanalysis/AE/S04/partycomp144.htm |archive-date = 2012-03-31 |url-status = dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{Coord|25.6515|N|87.9225|E|format=dms|display=title}}<br /> <br /> {{Assembly constituencies of Bihar}}<br /> {{Purnia Division topics}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Former assembly constituencies of Bihar]]<br /> [[Category:Politics of Katihar district]]<br /> [[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1967]]<br /> [[Category:1967 establishments in Bihar]]<br /> [[Category:Constituencies disestablished in 2010]]<br /> [[Category:2010 disestablishments in India]]</div>

Evan692365 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Paaru_(Marathi_TV_series)&diff=523552 2026-04-07T05:48:02Z

<p>Evan692365: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|2024 Indian Marathi language TV series}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=December 2024}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=December 2024}}<br /> {{Infobox television<br /> | image = Paaru Serial.jpeg<br /> | image_size = <br /> | company = Trrump Carrd Production<br /> | last_aired = {{end date|2026|02|06|df=yes}}<br /> | first_aired = {{start date|2024|02|12|df=yes}}<br /> | network = [[Zee Marathi]]<br /> | num_episodes = 681&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=‘पारू’ मालिकेची टीआरपीच्या शर्यतीत बाजी, सेटवरही जंगी सेलिब्रेशन, आदित्य-पारूच्या नात्यातील गोडव्याला प्रेक्षकांची पसंती |url=https://marathi.itsmajja.com/zee-marathi-channel-paaru-serial-got-3-6-trp-prasad-jawade-shared-celebration-photo-see-the-details/ |access-date=2024-10-25 |website=Its Majja |language=mr}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | language = Marathi<br /> | num_seasons = <br /> | editor = <br /> | theme_music_composer = <br /> | opentheme = <br /> | endtheme = <br /> | writer = Kiran Kulkarni<br /> | producer = Sarita Tejendra Neswankar<br /> | country = India<br /> | director = Raju Sawant<br /> | starring = [[#Cast|See below]]<br /> | genre = [[Drama]]<br /> | caption = <br /> | location = [[Satara (city)|Satara]], [[Maharashtra]]<br /> | camera = [[Multiple-camera setup|Multi-camera]]<br /> | runtime = 22 minutes<br /> | related = ''[[Muddha Mandaram]]''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=गुंड प्रीतमला बेदम मारहाण करणार अन्…; किर्लोस्कर कुटुंबावर मोठे संकट; ‘पारू’ मालिकेत नेमके काय घडणार? |url=https://www.loksatta.com/manoranjan/television/paaru-upcoming-twist-goon-will-beat-pritam-badly-kirloskar-family-in-danger-nsp-98-4875581/ |access-date=2025-02-07 |website=[[Loksatta]] |language=mr}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=TRP साठी मोठी तयारी! ‘झी मराठी’च्या आठ मालिकांमध्ये येणार भयंकर ट्विस्ट, प्रेक्षक झाले थक्क, म्हणाले, “हे खरंच…” |url=https://www.loksatta.com/manoranjan/television/zee-marathi-8-serial-biggest-twist-lakshmi-niwas-promo-left-you-speechless-watch-now-sva-00-5391586/ |access-date=22 September 2025 |website=[[Loksatta]] |language=mr}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''''Paaru''''' is an Indian [[Marathi language]] TV series which aired on [[Zee Marathi]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=लवकरच ‘झी मराठी’वर दोन नव्या मालिका होणार सुरू, प्रोमो आला समोर |url=https://www.loksatta.com/manoranjan/television/paru-and-shiva-two-new-serial-coming-soon-on-zee-marathi-pps-98-4105599/ |access-date=2023-12-17 |website=[[Loksatta]] |language=mr}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=“देवीआईंनासुद्धा कळायला पाहिजे…”, पारू अनुष्काचे सत्य अहिल्यादेवीसमोर आणणार? मालिकेत ट्विस्ट, पाहा प्रोमो |url=https://www.loksatta.com/manoranjan/television/paaru-new-twist-will-paaru-bring-anushkas-truth-to-ahilyadevi-watch-promo-nsp-98-4824597/ |access-date=2025-01-14 |website=[[Loksatta]] |language=mr}}&lt;/ref&gt; It is an official remake of [[Zee Telugu]]'s TV series ''[[Muddha Mandaram]]''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=‘झी मराठी’वरील ‘पारु’ मालिकेचा नवा प्रोमो प्रदर्शित, प्रसाद जवादेसह झळकणार ‘हे’ कलाकार |url=https://www.loksatta.com/manoranjan/television/zee-marathi-paru-serial-new-promo-out-prasad-jawade-mugdha-karnik-play-lead-role-pps-98-4153234/ |access-date=2024-01-12 |website=[[Loksatta]] |language=mr}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=“कोणाची नियत…”, अनुष्का करणार पारूविरुद्ध कारस्थान; आदित्य तिला कसे वाचवणार? मालिकेत येणार ट्विस्ट, पाहा प्रोमो… |url=https://www.loksatta.com/manoranjan/television/paaru-new-twist-anushka-will-plot-against-paaru-how-aaditya-save-her-watch-promo-marathi-serial-nsp-98-4806756/ |access-date=2025-01-04 |website=[[Loksatta]] |language=mr}}&lt;/ref&gt; It stars Sharayu Sonawane, [[Prasad Jawade]] and Mugdha Karnik in lead roles.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=‘पारु’ मालिकेचा नवा प्रोमो पाहिलात का? ‘जीव माझा गुंतला फेम’ पूर्वा शिंदेसह झळकणार ‘हे’ कलाकार |url=https://www.loksatta.com/manoranjan/television/zee-marathi-new-serial-paru-new-promo-out-purva-shinde-pari-telang-prajakta-wadaye-play-important-role-pps-98-4172774/ |access-date=2024-01-23 |website=[[Loksatta]] |language=mr}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=‘पारू’ मालिकेत मोठा ट्विस्ट, आदित्यच्या लग्नाची पत्रिका आली समोर अन्…; पाहा प्रोमो |url=https://www.loksatta.com/manoranjan/television/paaru-will-shock-after-read-aditya-and-anushakas-marriage-invitation-card-twist-in-marathi-serial-watch-promo-nsp-98-4797207/ |access-date=2024-12-30 |website=[[Loksatta]] |language=mr}}&lt;/ref&gt; It premiered from 12 February 2024 along with ''[[Shiva (Marathi TV series)|Shiva]]''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=झी मराठीच्या प्रेक्षकांसाठी नव्या मालिकांचा आठवडा, 'शिवा' आणि 'पारु' येणार भेटीला |url=https://marathi.abplive.com/entertainment/television/zee-marathi-will-start-new-serial-from-monday-paru-and-shiva-marathi-entertainment-detail-news-1254547 |access-date=2024-02-09 |website=[[ABP Majha]] |language=mr}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=“मी तुझ्याशिवाय आता श्वासही…”, आदित्यने पारूसमोर दिली प्रेमाची कबुली? प्रोमोवर प्रसाद जवादेच्या पत्नीच्या कमेंटने वेधले लक्ष |url=https://www.loksatta.com/manoranjan/television/paaru-marathi-serial-aditya-will-confess-his-love-to-paaru-prasad-jawades-wife-amruta-deshmukhs-comment-on-the-promo-caught-attention-nsp-98-4790313/ |access-date=2024-12-26 |website=[[Loksatta]] |language=mr}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> It is produced by Sarita Neswankar and directed by Raju Sawant under the banner of Trrump Carrd Production.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=भरत जाधव यांची सरप्राईज एन्ट्री! ‘झी मराठी’च्या ‘पारू’ मालिकेत साकारली महत्त्वाची भूमिका |url=https://www.loksatta.com/manoranjan/television/bharat-jadhav-cameo-role-in-zee-marathi-paaru-serial-sva-00-4206983/ |access-date=2024-02-13 |website=[[Loksatta]] |language=mr}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=झी मराठीच्या 'पारू' मालिकेवर नेटकऱ्यांचा संताप; म्हणाले, 'मूर्खपणाचा नवीन कळस गाठणार' |url=https://marathi.indiatimes.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/television-news/netizens-gets-angry-on-paaru-serial-on-zee-marathi/articleshow/116418220.cms |access-date=2024-12-18 |website=[[Maharashtra Times]] |language=mr}}&lt;/ref&gt; The show went abruptly off aired on 6 February 2026 without completing its story.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=पारू-हरीशच्या मेहंदी समारंभात मोठं विघ्न?, गळ्यातील मंगळसूत्राचं सत्यही सांगणार, मालिकेत मोठा ट्विस्ट |url=https://marathi.itsmajja.com/paaru-serial-update-big-trouble-in-paru-harishs-mehndi-ceremony-the-truth-of-the-mangalsutra-around-the-neck-will-also-be-told-a-big-twist-in-the-series/ |access-date=2024-07-16 |website=Its Majja |language=mr}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=किर्लोस्कर बंगल्यात मंगळागौरचे खेळ सुरु, दिशा-दामिनीचा प्लॅन फसला, आदित्यने सुखरूपपणे पारूची सुटका केली अन्… |url=https://marathi.itsmajja.com/paaru-marathi-serial-mangalagaur-games-start-in-kirloskar-bungalow-disha-damini-plan-fails-aditya-safely-rescues-paru/ |access-date=2024-08-11 |website=Its Majja |language=mr}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Plot ==<br /> Paaru, a simple girl, is in awe of Ahilyadevi, a tycoon who commands respect from others around her. A misunderstanding occurs when their paths cross, prompting Paaru to win Ahilyadevi over.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=‘पारू’मध्ये मोठा ट्विस्ट! थेट धमकी देऊन दिशा घडवणार बॉम्बस्फोट, ऐनवळी आदित्य करणार असं काही…; पाहा प्रोमो |url=https://www.loksatta.com/manoranjan/television/zee-marathi-paaru-serial-big-twist-disha-made-bomb-blast-plan-aditya-life-in-danger-sva-00-4901147/ |access-date=2025-02-19 |website=[[Loksatta]] |language=mr}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=अखेर प्रियासमोर येणार सत्य! पारू अन् आदित्यला एकत्र पाहणार…; अक्षय्य तृतीयेच्या शुभ मुहूर्तावर 'या' २ मालिकांमध्ये काय घडणार? |url=https://www.loksatta.com/manoranjan/television/zee-marathi-serial-priya-finds-the-truth-of-paaru-and-aditya-relationship-watch-promo-sva-00-5057228/ |access-date=2025-04-30 |website=[[Loksatta]] |language=mr}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Cast ==<br /> === Main ===<br /> * Sharayu Sonawane as Parvati Maruti Semse / Parvati Aditya Kirloskar (Paaru)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Pinky Cha Vijay Aso Actress Sharayu Sonawane Set To Play A Titular Role In The Upcoming Show Paru |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/pinky-cha-vijay-aso-actress-sharayu-sonawane-set-to-play-a-titular-role-in-the-upcoming-show-paru/articleshow/106351504.cms |access-date=2023-12-28 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * [[Prasad Jawade]] as Aditya Shrikant Kirloskar&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Upcoming TV Show 'Paru' To Feature Prasad Jawade And Sharayu Sonawane In Lead Roles, Watch Promo |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/upcoming-tv-show-paru-to-feature-prasad-jawade-and-sharayu-sonawane-in-lead-roles-watch-promo/articleshow/106804283.cms |access-date=2024-01-13 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * Mugdha Karnik as Ahilyadevi Shrikant Kirloskar&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=New Marathi TV Shows 'Shiva' And 'Paru' Set To Launch Soon |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/new-marathi-tv-shows-shiva-and-paru-set-to-launch-soon/articleshow/106062033.cms |access-date=2023-12-17 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === Recurring ===<br /> ;Kirloskar family<br /> * Vijay Patwardhan as Shrikant Kirloskar&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=७ दिवस, ७ सत्य! ‘पारू’ आदित्यला मारणार मिठी अन्…; अखेर सांगणार ‘ते’ सत्य? पाहा प्रोमो |url=https://www.loksatta.com/manoranjan/television/paaru-hugs-aditya-in-recent-promo-and-wanted-to-tell-him-truth-of-anushka-sva-00-4926032/ |access-date=2025-03-03 |website=[[Loksatta]] |language=mr}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * Anuj Salunkhe as Pritam Shrikant Kirloskar&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=“पहिल्या नजरेत प्रेम…”, आदित्यला पारूवरील त्याच्या प्रेमाची जाणीव होणार, ‘पारू’ मालिकेत ट्विस्ट, पाहा प्रोमो |url=https://www.loksatta.com/manoranjan/television/zee-marathi-paaru-upcoming-twist-in-serial-aditya-will-realize-his-love-for-paaru-watch-promo-nsp-98-4952304/ |access-date=2025-03-16 |website=[[Loksatta]] |language=mr}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * Sanjana Kale as Priya Sayajirao Bhosale / Priya Pritam Kirloskar&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=“उद्या उठून कोणतीही मुलगी…”, भावनांशी खेळल्याचे लक्षात येताच आदित्यचा संताप अनावर; पाहा ‘पारू’ मालिकेत नेमकं काय घडणार? |url=https://www.loksatta.com/manoranjan/television/zee-marathi-paaru-upcoming-twist-aditya-will-angary-when-he-realizes-that-his-emotions-have-been-played-with-watch-promo-nsp-98-4961163/ |access-date=2025-03-20 |website=[[Loksatta]] |language=mr}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * Shantanu Gangane&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |url=https://marathi.itsmajja.com/paaru-serial-update-the-truth-of-parus-mangalsutra-in-front-of-disha-how-will-she-face-this-situation-why-will-she-disclose-her-marriage-with-aditya/ |title=दिशासमोर येणार पारूच्या मंगळसूत्राचं सत्य?, या परिस्थितीला कशी सामोरी जाणार?, आदित्यबरोबरच्या लग्नाचा करणार का खुलासा? |access-date=2024-06-06 |website=Its Majja |language=mr}}&lt;/ref&gt; / Swapnil Ajgaonkar as Mohan Kirloskar&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=‘पारू’ला घरी न्यायला ‘धनी’ स्वत: येणार! डॅशिंग आदित्य वेगळ्याच लूकमध्ये दिसणार…; दोघांची लव्हस्टोरी केव्हा सुरू होणार? पाहा प्रोमो |url=https://www.loksatta.com/manoranjan/television/paaru-serial-aditya-confess-his-love-for-paaru-watch-most-awaited-promo-sva-00-4976590/ |access-date=2025-03-26 |website=[[Loksatta]] |language=mr}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * Shrutkirti Sawant as Damini Mohan Kirloskar&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=अखेर ‘पारू’ किर्लोस्करांच्या घरी परतली! आदित्य देणार प्रेमाची ‘ही’ भेट…; ‘या’ दिवशी असेल मालिकेचा विशेष भाग |url=https://www.loksatta.com/manoranjan/television/paaru-marathi-serial-aditya-gifts-earings-to-paaru-watch-promo-sva-00-4990358/ |access-date=2025-04-01 |website=[[Loksatta]] |language=mr}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ;Others<br /> * [[Bharat Jadhav]] as Suryakant Kadam&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=‘पारू’ मालिकेत नात्यांचा नवा अध्याय सुरू होणार, प्रितमची प्रेयसी प्रियाचं सत्य समोर येणार |url=https://www.loksatta.com/manoranjan/television/paaru-serial-upcoming-episode-pritam-girlfriend-priya-truth-will-come-out-pps-98-4551246/ |access-date=2024-08-22 |website=[[Loksatta]] |language=mr}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * [[Sunil Barve]] as Sayajirao Bhosale&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=रक्षाबंधनाच्या मुहूर्तावर सुनील बर्वेंचे झी मराठीवर पुनरागमन, या मालिकेत साकारणार महत्वाची भूमिका |url=https://marathi.indiatimes.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/television-news/sunil-barve-entry-in-zee-marathi-paru-serial/articleshow/112487081.cms |access-date=2024-08-13 |website=[[Maharashtra Times]] |language=mr}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * Devdatta Ghone as Ganesh Maruti Semse (Gani)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=१०० टक्के कानातले चोरलेस! साधीभोळी ‘पारू’ पहिल्यांदाच देणार सडेतोड उत्तर, चोरीचा आळ येताच संतापली अन्…; पाहा प्रोमो |url=https://www.loksatta.com/manoranjan/television/paaru-first-time-angry-on-damini-and-gives-blunt-answer-watch-promo-sva-00-5006046/ |access-date=2025-04-08 |website=[[Loksatta]] |language=mr}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * Atul Kaswa as Maruti Semse&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=“मनातल्या भावना तुझ्या प्रेमासाठी…”; सुरू होणार पारू व आदित्यच्या प्रेमाचा प्रवास, पाहा प्रोमो |url=https://www.loksatta.com/manoranjan/television/zee-marathi-paaru-upcoming-twist-paaru-and-adityas-love-journey-will-begin-watch-new-promo-nsp-98-5023683/ |access-date=2025-04-16 |website=[[Loksatta]] |language=mr}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * Shripad Panase as Pratap Sayaji Bhosale&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=खलनायिकेची नवीन खेळी! ‘पारू’ अन् आदित्यला बाथरुममध्ये अडकवलं अन्…; ‘तो’ प्लॅन यशस्वी होईल का? पाहा प्रोमो… |url=https://www.loksatta.com/manoranjan/television/zee-marathi-paaru-serial-damini-new-plan-to-trapped-paaru-and-aditya-in-bathroom-watch-promo-sva-00-5021672/ |access-date=2025-04-15 |website=[[Loksatta]] |language=mr}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * Prajakta Wadye as Savitri&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=‘पारू’ तू माझी होशील का…; अखेर ‘तो’ क्षण आलाच! Dream Proposal साठी आदित्यची भव्यदिव्य तयारी, पाहा प्रोमो… |url=https://www.loksatta.com/manoranjan/television/paaru-serial-updates-aditya-dream-proposal-to-paaru-watch-most-awaiting-promo-of-zee-marathi-serial-sva-00-5032573/ |access-date=2025-04-20 |website=[[Loksatta]] |language=mr}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * [[Saksham Kulkarni]] as Paritosh&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=‘झी मराठी’च्या ‘पारू’ मालिकेत आला नवा पाहुणा! कोण आहे तो? ‘दे धक्का’ फेम लोकप्रिय अभिनेत्याची मालिकेमध्ये एन्ट्री, पाहा… |url=https://www.loksatta.com/manoranjan/television/zee-marathi-paaru-serial-updates-actor-saksham-kulkarni-enters-in-the-show-watch-promo-sva-00-5173630/ |access-date=2025-06-21 |website=[[Loksatta]] |language=mr}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * [[Pari Telang]] as Meera&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=पारू आणि आदित्यचं झालं लग्न! पण क्षणार्धात…; ‘पारू’ मालिकेच्या नव्या प्रोमोने सगळ्यांचं वेधलं लक्ष |url=https://www.loksatta.com/manoranjan/television/paru-and-aditya-wedding-paaru-serial-new-promo-viral-pps-98-4379705/ |access-date=2024-05-18 |website=[[Loksatta]] |language=mr}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * Purva Shinde as Disha&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=होणार सून मी अहिल्याची! ‘पारू’ मालिकेत मोठा ट्विस्ट, जुनी खलनायिका पुन्हा आली…; सगळेच चक्रावले, पाहा जबरदस्त प्रोमो… |url=https://www.loksatta.com/manoranjan/television/zee-marathi-paaru-serial-new-twist-old-villain-disha-reenter-in-the-show-watch-promo-sva-00-5194354/ |access-date=2025-07-01 |website=[[Loksatta]] |language=mr}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * Nikhil Zope as Mihir&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=पारू आदित्यबरोबर सुरू करणार नवा संसार, सोडणार किर्लोस्करांचं घर; मालिकेत मोठं वळण, पाहा प्रोमो… |url=https://www.loksatta.com/manoranjan/television/paru-serial-new-twist-zee-marathi-shared-promo-paru-and-aditya-leaves-kirloskar-bunglow-ads-02-5380910/ |access-date=2025-09-18 |website=[[Loksatta]] |language=mr}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * Sachin Deshpande as Ajay&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=‘पारू’चा भयंकर भूतकाळ! मालिकेत ‘तो’ खलनायक पुन्हा आला; पारू सणसणीत कानाखाली वाजवून देणार चोख उत्तर, पाहा प्रोमो… |url=https://www.loksatta.com/manoranjan/television/paaru-serial-this-villain-re-enters-in-the-serial-paaru-will-faces-again-her-bad-past-sva-00-5061176/ |access-date=2025-05-01 |website=[[Loksatta]] |language=mr}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * Aatish More as Harish&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=लग्नातून गायब झालेला हरीश मालिकेत पुन्हा परतणार; पारूचे सत्य सर्वांसमोर येणार का? |url=https://www.loksatta.com/manoranjan/television/paaru-marathi-serial-harish-will-return-who-disappeared-from-the-wedding-will-all-know-paarus-truth-watch-promo-nsp-98-4878018/ |access-date=2025-02-08 |website=[[Loksatta]] |language=mr}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * Anup Belwalkar as Vishal&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=आई आमचं लग्न झालंय! आदित्य-पारूच्या लग्नाचं भांडं फुटलं, अखेर अहिल्यासमोर उघड होणार सर्वात मोठं सत्य, घेणार ‘हा’ निर्णय |url=https://www.loksatta.com/manoranjan/television/paaru-serial-updates-ahilyadevi-slams-paaru-and-aditya-for-hiding-marriage-reveals-biggest-truth-watch-promo-sva-00-5365293/ |access-date=2025-09-11 |website=[[Loksatta]] |language=mr}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * Shweta Kharat as Anushka&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=‘पारू’ मालिकेत होणार लोकप्रिय अभिनेत्रीची एन्ट्री! साकारणार खलनायिका, तुम्ही ओळखलंत का? पाहा प्रोमो |url=https://www.loksatta.com/manoranjan/television/paaru-serial-zee-marathi-shweta-kharat-entry-as-a-lead-villain-watch-new-promo-sva-00-4712903/ |access-date=2024-11-16 |website=[[Loksatta]] |language=mr}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * Arjun Kusumbe as Rushikesh&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=“परीक्षेची वेळ…”, पारू व आदित्यच्या लग्नाचं सत्य अहिल्यादेवीसमोर येणार; मालिकेत ट्विस्ट |url=https://www.loksatta.com/manoranjan/television/zee-marathi-paaru-upcoming-twist-the-truth-about-paaru-and-adityas-marriage-will-come-out-before-ahilya-devi-nsp-98-5337989/ |access-date=2025-08-29 |website=[[Loksatta]] |language=mr}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * Shraddha Mahajan as Sajiri&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=देवीआईची इच्छा पूर्ण होणार, पारू आणि आदित्य…; ‘पारू’ मालिकेत नवीन ट्विस्ट |url=https://www.loksatta.com/manoranjan/television/paaru-marathi-serial-new-twist-in-upcoming-episode-aditya-and-paaru-together-worship-watch-video-nsp-98-4666234/ |access-date=2024-10-22 |website=[[Loksatta]] |language=mr}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * Rugved Phadke as Nanu&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=पारूची अडचण सोडवण्यासाठी आलाय 'प्रेमवीर'; मालिकेत लोकप्रिय अभिनेता, दिग्दर्शकाची ग्रॅन्ड एन्ट्री; ओळखलं का कोण? |url=https://marathi.abplive.com/entertainment/television/zee-marathi-paaru-serial-news-promo-actor-rugved-phadke-grand-enters-in-marathi-serial-1332554 |access-date=2024-12-13 |website=[[ABP Majha]] |language=mr}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === Cameo Appearances ===<br /> * [[Madhugandha Kulkarni]] as Kalindi Dharmadhikari&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=“अशा आरोप्याचं…”, सारंगच्या मदतीला धावून येणार ‘ती’ वकील; ‘पारू’ व ‘सावळ्याची जणू सावली’मध्ये ‘या’ दोन लोकप्रिय कलाकारांची एन्ट्री |url=https://www.loksatta.com/manoranjan/television/zee-marathi-savalyachi-janu-savali-upcoming-twist-ramesh-wani-and-madhugandha-kulkarni-entry-in-serial-other-hand-paaru-will-warn-shivani-nsp-98-5446522/ |access-date=2025-10-16 |website=[[Loksatta]] |language=mr}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * [[Nirmiti Sawant]] as Padmavati Ghorpade&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=“तुम्ही सगळ्यांना…” अहिल्या व लक्ष्मी यांच्याविरोधात दिशा व पद्मावती येणार एकत्र; महासंगममध्ये पुढे काय होणार? पाहा प्रोमो |url=https://www.loksatta.com/manoranjan/television/lakshmi-niwas-and-paaru-upcoming-twist-disha-and-padmavati-will-come-together-against-ahilya-and-lakshmi-what-will-happen-next-in-mahasangam-nsp-98-5270094/ |access-date=2025-07-31 |website=[[Loksatta]] |language=mr}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * [[Nagesh Bhonsle]] as Vishwambhar Thakur&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=“असा बदला घेईन की आयुष्यभर लक्षात…”, विश्वंभर ठाकूर अहिल्यादेवीला देणार धमकी; पाहा प्रोमो |url=https://www.loksatta.com/manoranjan/television/paaru-and-savalyachi-janu-savali-upcoming-twist-vishwambhar-thakur-will-threaten-ahilyadevi-watch-promo-nsp-98-5087058/ |access-date=2025-05-13 |website=[[Loksatta]] |language=mr}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * Akshata Ukirade as Kiyara Vishwambhar Thakur&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=संक्रांतीच्या मुहुर्तावर सारंग-सावलीचे नाते फुलणार तर पारूवर येणार नवीन संकट, पाहा प्रोमो<br /> |url=https://www.loksatta.com/manoranjan/television/savlyachi-janu-savli-and-paaru-serial-occasion-of-makar-sankranti-relationship-of-sarang-savli-will-blossom-while-paaru-will-face-a-new-crisis-nsp-98-4815089/ |access-date=2025-01-08 |website=[[Loksatta]] |language=mr}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * Ramesh Wani as Rupesh Kirkire&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=“जो माणूस खून …”, सारंगची खुनाच्या आरोपातून कशी होणार सुटका? येणार नवं संकट; पाहा प्रोमो |url=https://www.loksatta.com/manoranjan/television/zee-marathi-savalyachi-janu-savali-and-paaru-mahasangam-upcoming-twist-how-will-sarang-be-cleared-of-murder-charges-nsp-98-5450626/ |access-date=2025-10-18 |website=[[Loksatta]] |language=mr}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * Vijaya Babar as Kamali Mohite&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=“बाल अत्याचाराला खतपाणी…”,’पारू’ मालिकेचा नवा प्रोमो पाहून भडकले नेटकरी, म्हणाले, “निव्वळ फालतूपणा” |url=https://www.loksatta.com/manoranjan/television/netizens-angry-on-zee-marathi-paaru-serial-new-promo-pps-98-4427380/lite/ |access-date=2024-06-14 |website=[[Loksatta]] |language=mr}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Awards ==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> !Awards<br /> !Category<br /> !Recipient<br /> !Role<br /> !Ref.<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;8&quot;|[[Zee Marathi Utsav Natyancha Awards]] 2024&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.esakal.com/premier/aj-from-navari-mile-hitlerla-won-best-son-in-law-and-best-serial-award-goes-to-paaru-read-zee-marathi-award-2024-winners-list-here-psn14 |title='या' मालिकेने जिंकले सर्वाधिक पुरस्कार तर अक्षरा अधिपतीचा झाला हिरमोड, वाचा 'झी मराठी अवॉर्ड २०२४ 'च्या विजेत्यांची नावं |website=[[Sakal]] |access-date=2024-10-28 |language=mr}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |Best Actor<br /> |[[Prasad Jawade]]<br /> |Aditya Kirloskar<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=पहिल्या प्रेमाचा पहिला स्पर्श…; आदित्यची ‘ती’ इच्छा पूर्ण होणार, आजवर न पाहिलेल्या लूकमध्ये येणार ‘पारू’! पाहा प्रोमो… |url=https://www.loksatta.com/manoranjan/television/zee-marathi-paaru-serial-romantic-video-aditya-fall-in-love-with-paaru-watch-promo-sva-00-5041709/ |access-date=2025-04-23 |website=[[Loksatta]] |language=mr}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=पारुमुळे दिशाचा पर्दाफाश, अहिल्यादेवींसमोर सत्य येताच कानाखाली मारली अन्…; प्रोमो तुफान व्हायरल |url=https://marathi.itsmajja.com/paaru-marathi-serial-new-promo-goes-viral-on-social-media-dishas-real-face-comes-front-of-ahilya-devi/ |access-date=2024-10-12 |website=Its Majja |language=mr}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |Best Daughter<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|Sharayu Sonawane<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|Parvati Semse (Paaru)<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=बापरे हे काय? पोटच्या पोरीचा जीव घेणार, मारुती ‘पारू’ला देणार विष! मालिकेत भयंकर ट्विस्ट, नेटकरी म्हणाले… |url=https://www.loksatta.com/manoranjan/television/paaru-serial-horrific-twist-father-poisoned-her-netizens-reacts-watch-promo-sva-00-5130729/ |access-date=2025-06-03 |website=[[Loksatta]] |language=mr}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=अहिल्यादेवींच्या हातातून रक्त, व्रत पूर्ण करताना पाण्याने भरलेलाही हंडा पडला, भटजींनी सांगितल्याप्रमाणे कुटुंबातील मुलाचा जीव धोक्यात? |url=https://marathi.itsmajja.com/paaru-serial-update-ahilyadevi-fasting-scene-shoot-serial-gave-tweest-what-happen-next/ |access-date=2024-04-23 |website=Its Majja |language=mr}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |ZEE5 Popular Character Female<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=पारूच्या जीवाला धोका! ‘त्या’ व्यक्तीने दिले पूर्वसंकेत, ‘पारू’ मालिकेत येणार मोठा ट्विस्ट, पाहा प्रोमो… |url=https://www.loksatta.com/manoranjan/television/paaru-life-in-danger-guruji-alerts-her-watch-new-promo-of-serial-sva-00-5103903/ |access-date=2025-05-22 |website=[[Loksatta]] |language=mr}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=‘पारू’ फेम पूर्वा शिंदेला मालिकेच्या सेटवर ‘या’ नावाने मारतात हाक, म्हणाली… |url=https://www.loksatta.com/manoranjan/television/paaru-fame-purva-shinde-nickname-on-serial-set-pps-98-4898361/ |access-date=2025-02-18 |website=[[Loksatta]] |language=mr}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |Best Comedy Female<br /> |Shrutkirti Sawant<br /> |Damini Kirloskar<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=“हा सत्यवान त्याच्या सावित्रीचा…”, पारूचा जीव वाचविण्यासाठी आदित्य व्रत करणार अन् बेशुद्ध पारू…; मालिकेत पुढे काय होणार? |url=https://www.loksatta.com/manoranjan/television/zee-marathi-paaru-marathi-serial-aditya-will-fast-to-save-paarus-life-unconscious-paaru-will-come-to-her-senses-upcoming-twist-nsp-98-5151386/ |access-date=2025-06-12 |website=[[Loksatta]] |language=mr}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=&quot;मोलकरणीला एवढं महत्त्व का?&quot;, पारू' मालिकेच्या कथानकावर प्रेक्षकांची नाराजी, म्हणाले, &quot;एवढी बिनडोक…&quot; |url=https://marathi.itsmajja.com/zee-marathi-paaru-serial-troll-by-netizens-people-angry-on-serial-story-and-wrong-behaviour/ |access-date=2024-07-02 |website=Its Majja |language=mr}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |Best Family<br /> |<br /> |Kirloskar Family<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title='पारू' मालिकेत मोठा ट्विस्ट,आदित्य-पारूच्या नात्याला मिळणार खऱ्या अर्थानं मान्यता |url=https://www.lokmat.com/filmy/television/big-twist-in-the-series-paaru-aditya-parus-relationship-will-get-true-recognition-a-a603/ |access-date=2025-07-09 |website=[[Lokmat]] |language=mr}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=दिशाचा खोटा चेहरा की प्रीतमचं खरं प्रेम; कोण जिंकेल ही प्रेमाची लढाई? ‘पारू’ मालिकेचा नवा प्रोमो प्रेक्षकांच्या भेटीला |url=https://www.loksatta.com/manoranjan/television/paaru-zee-marathi-serial-new-promo-out-pretam-marriage-new-twist-watch-video-nsp-98-4560241/ |access-date=2024-08-27 |website=[[Loksatta]] |language=mr}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |Best Series<br /> |Sarita Neswankar<br /> |Producer<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=अखेर ‘पारू’चं प्रेम जिंकणार! आदित्यने घेतला मोठा निर्णय, मालिकेत येणार ‘असा’ ट्विस्ट; प्रोमो आला समोर… |url=https://www.loksatta.com/manoranjan/television/paaru-serial-big-twist-aditya-decided-to-marry-paaru-after-emotional-trauma-sva-00-5229235/ |access-date=2025-07-15 |website=[[Loksatta]] |language=mr}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=पारूने आदित्य-अनुष्काची खोड मोडली, दोघांच्या प्रयत्नांना यश मिळणार का?, पुढे काय घडणार? |url=https://marathi.itsmajja.com/paaru-marathi-serial-update-paru-breaks-aditya-anushkas-prank-will-their-efforts-succeed/ |access-date=2024-12-12 |website=Its Majja |language=mr}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |Best Supporting Male<br /> |Anuj Salunkhe<br /> |Pritam Kirloskar<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=प्रेमासाठी सर्वकाही…! पारूच्या वडिलांचं ‘ते’ खडतर व्रत आदित्य पूर्ण करणार…; मालिकेत होणार अग्निपरीक्षा, पाहा प्रोमो… |url=https://www.loksatta.com/manoranjan/television/aditya-will-perform-vrat-for-protection-of-paaru-watch-promo-zee-marathi-serial-sva-00-5115800/ |access-date=2025-05-27 |website=[[Loksatta]] |language=mr}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=प्रीतम दिशाचा खरा चेहरा सर्वांसमोर आणण्यात होणार का यशस्वी?, 'पारु' मालिकेमध्ये पुढे काय घडणार?, प्रोमोला प्रेक्षकांची पसंती |url=https://marathi.itsmajja.com/zee-narathi-channel-paaru-serial-netizens-gave-positive-commnets-and-support-and-love/ |access-date=2024-03-21 |website=Its Majja |language=mr}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |Best Mother<br /> |Mugdha Karnik<br /> |Ahilyadevi Kirloskar<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=शुभमंगल सावधान! अखेर ‘तो’ क्षण आलाच…; आदित्य-पारू अडकले विवाहबंधनात, मालिकेत मोठा ट्विस्ट, पाहा जबरदस्त प्रोमो… |url=https://www.loksatta.com/manoranjan/television/paaru-serial-new-twist-finally-paaru-and-aditya-tie-knot-wedding-special-episode-watch-promo-sva-00-5248315/ |access-date=2025-07-23 |website=[[Loksatta]] |language=mr}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=किर्लोस्कर कुटुंबावर पुन्हा एकदा दिशाचं सावट, पारू या सगळ्यातून वाचवू शकणार का?, मोठा ट्विस्ट |url=https://marathi.itsmajja.com/paaru-marathi-serial-update-disha-attack-on-the-kirloskar-family-once-again-will-paru-be-able-to-save-from-all-this/ |access-date=2024-11-14 |website=Its Majja |language=mr}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|[[Zee Marathi Utsav Natyancha Awards]] 2025&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.loksatta.com/manoranjan/television/zee-marathi-awards-2025-full-winners-list-lakshmi-niwas-serial-wins-maximum-awars-savali-is-best-actress-read-full-list-sva-00-5439002/ |title=सर्वोत्कृष्ट जोडी भावना-सिद्धू! लोकप्रिय नायक-नायिका ठरले…; ‘लक्ष्मी निवास’ने मारली बाजी, वाचा विजेत्यांची संपूर्ण यादी |access-date=2025-10-12 |website=[[Loksatta]] |language=mr}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |Best Son<br /> |[[Prasad Jawade]]<br /> |Aditya Kirloskar<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=“देवीआईंना संशय…”, आदित्य व पारूचा ‘तो’ फोटो पाहून अहिल्यादेवीचा संताप अनावर; ‘पारू’ मालिकेत काय घडणार? |url=https://www.loksatta.com/manoranjan/television/zee-marathi-paaru-upcoming-twist-ahilyadevi-gets-angery-after-seeing-photo-of-aditya-and-paaru-promo-release-nsp-98-5051448/ |access-date=2025-04-27 |website=[[Loksatta]] |language=mr}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=अहिल्यादेवींचा बदलता अवतार, साखरपुड्यामध्ये दिशाला पारुची माफी मागायला लावणार, आदित्य-प्रितमलाही बसणार धक्का |url=https://marathi.itsmajja.com/paaru-serial-promo-ahilya-devi-makes-disha-apologize-to-paru-in-engagement-ceremony/ |access-date=2024-04-19 |website=Its Majja |language=mr}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |Best Daughter<br /> |Sharayu Sonawane<br /> |Parvati Semse (Paaru)<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=पारूला करावा लागणार मृत्यूचा सामना, गुरुजींनी केली ‘ती’ भविष्यवाणी; ‘पारू’ मालिकेत काय घडणार? पाहा प्रोमो |url=https://www.loksatta.com/manoranjan/television/zee-marathi-paaru-upcoming-twist-paaru-will-have-to-face-death-guruji-made-prediction-watch-promo-nsp-98-5111868/ |access-date=2025-05-25 |website=[[Loksatta]] |language=mr}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=अहिल्यादेवी व पारूच्या जीवाला धोका, धमकीचा फोन आला अन्…; नक्की कोणापासून धोका? |url=https://marathi.itsmajja.com/paaru-marathi-serial-update-ahilya-devi-and-parus-lives-were-threatened-a-threatening-phone-call-was-received/ |access-date=2024-11-12 |website=Its Majja |language=mr}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;4&quot;|Zee Marathi Ugach Awards 2025&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.loksatta.com/manoranjan/bollywood/zee-marathi-ugach-awards-2025-lakshmi-niwas-kamali-tarini-devmanus-serials-nilesh-sable-and-bhau-kadam-nsp-98-5603882/ |title=‘माझा छकुला’ ते ‘झोलर’ अवॉर्ड; झी मराठीच्या ‘उगाच अवॉर्ड’मध्ये कलाकारांना कोणकोणते मिळाले पुरस्कार? वाचा यादी… |access-date=2025-12-29 |website=[[Loksatta]] |language=mr}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |Best Bhapav<br /> |Shrutkirti Sawant<br /> |Damini Kirloskar<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=“तुझ्या नजरेसमोर तडफडून…”, अनुष्का-दिशाचा प्लॅन त्यांच्यावरच उलटणार; पारू, आदित्य अन् अहिल्यादेवी एकत्र येणार, पाहा |url=https://www.loksatta.com/manoranjan/television/zee-marathi-serial-anushka-dishas-plan-will-backfire-on-them-paaru-aditya-and-ahilyadevi-will-come-together-holi-special-episode-watch-promo-nsp-98-4939778/ |access-date=2025-03-09 |website=[[Loksatta]] |language=mr}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=पारूनेही केली आदित्यसाठी वडाची पूजा, सावित्रीसमोर आलं मंगळसूत्राचं सत्य, अहिल्यादेवी तिचा सून म्हणून कधी स्वीकार करतील का? |url=https://marathi.itsmajja.com/paaru-serial-promo-paru-also-performed-vatpornima-pooja-for-aditya-the-truth-of-mangalsutra-came-before-savitri-will-ahilya-devi-ever-accept-her-as-daughter-in-law/ |access-date=2024-06-19 |website=Its Majja |language=mr}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |Best Yeh Catch Nahi Match Hai<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|[[Prasad Jawade]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|Aditya Kirloskar<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=किर्लोस्करांच्या होणाऱ्या सुनेमुळे नवं वादळ येणार, बहिणीच्या अपमानाचा बदला अनुष्का घेणार |url=https://marathi.abplive.com/entertainment/television/paaru-marathi-serial-episode-highlights-zee-marathi-serial-today-episode-entertainment-television-marathi-news-1330007 |access-date=2024-11-30 |website=[[ABP Majha]] |language=mr}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=पारूच्या प्रेमात पडला असल्याचं आदित्यला कळेल का?, एकमेकांवरील प्रेमाची कबुली देणार का?, मोठं वळण |url=https://marathi.itsmajja.com/paaru-marathi-serial-update-will-aditya-find-out-that-he-is-in-love-with-paru-will-they-confess-their-love-for-each-other/ |access-date=2024-10-17 |website=Its Majja |language=mr}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |Best Maza Chakula<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=हाच तो क्षण! अखेर आदित्यला ‘त्या’ डोळ्यांची ओळख पटली; ‘पारू’चं नाव घेत म्हणाला…; मालिकेचा बहुप्रतीक्षित प्रोमो आला समोर |url=https://www.loksatta.com/manoranjan/television/paaru-marathi-serial-finally-aditya-know-the-truth-of-company-logo-eyes-sva-00-4967428/ |access-date=2025-03-22 |website=[[Loksatta]] |language=mr}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=दामिनी व दिशाच्या कारस्थानामुळे वैजू घरातूनच गायब, पारूची रडारड, अहिल्यादेवींना नवी खेळी समजणार का? |url=https://marathi.itsmajja.com/paaru-serial-promo-paarus-vaiju-missing-she-disappeared-from-the-house-due-to-damini-and-dishas-intrigue/ |access-date=2024-05-03 |website=Its Majja |language=mr}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |Best Natta-Patta<br /> |Sharayu Sonawane<br /> |Parvati Kirloskar (Paaru)<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=पारू आदित्यला नवरा मानत असल्याचे सत्य श्रीकांतसमोर येणार? पाहा ‘पारू’ मालिकेचा नवीन प्रोमो |url=https://www.loksatta.com/manoranjan/television/will-srikanth-know-the-truth-that-paaru-considers-aditya-as-her-husband-new-twist-in-paaru-serial-nsp-98-4757874/ |access-date=2024-12-08 |website=[[Loksatta]] |language=mr}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=प्रितम-प्रियाची लग्नगाठ आबासाहेब स्वत: बांधणार?, अहिल्यादेवींचा लेक असल्याचं सत्य समोर येणार का? मालिकेला रंजक वळण |url=https://marathi.itsmajja.com/paaru-marathi-serial-new-promo-out-priyas-father-accept-pritam-as-her-would-be-husband/ |access-date=2024-09-27 |website=Its Majja |language=mr}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == Reception ==<br /> === Mahasangam ===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> ! Date !! Series !! Ref.<br /> |-<br /> |28 October-2 November 2024<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;|''[[Savalyachi Janu Savali]]''<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=पारू सावलीच्या आवाजाचं सत्य समोर आणणार? 'सावळ्याची जणू सावली' आणि 'पारू' मालिकेचा महासंगम; पाहा व्हिडीओ |url=https://www.loksatta.com/manoranjan/television/paaru-and-savlaychi-janu-savli-new-promo-paaru-will-know-the-real-voice-of-tara-is-savli-nsp-98-4680283/ |access-date=2024-10-29 |website=[[Loksatta]] |language=mr}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title='पारू' आणि 'सावळ्याची जणू सावली'चा महासंगम; प्रोमो पाहताच नेटकरी म्हणाले, &quot;अशी अंधश्रद्धा…&quot;<br /> |url=https://www.loksatta.com/manoranjan/television/paaru-and-savlyachi-janu-savli-new-promo-netizens-reacts-on-social-media-nsp-98-4682690/ |access-date=2024-10-30 |website=[[Loksatta]] |language=mr}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |12-17 May 2025<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=विश्वंभर ठाकूर नावाच्या वादळाला कशा सामोऱ्या जातील ‘पारू’ आणि ‘सावली’? येणारं संकट कसं रोखणार? |url=https://www.navarashtra.com/movies/zee-marathi-serial-mahasangam-new-entry-nagesh-bhosale-and-akshata-ukirde-868770.html |access-date=2025-05-12 |website=Navarashtra |language=mr}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=&quot;आई कुठे आहे ते सांग नाहीतर…&quot;, विश्वंभर ठाकूरचा अहिल्यादेवीविरूद्ध मोठा कट; महासंगममध्ये पुढे काय होणार? पाहा |url=https://www.loksatta.com/manoranjan/television/zee-marathi-paaru-and-savalyachi-janu-savali-upcoming-twist-vishwambhar-thakurs-big-conspiracy-against-ahilyadevi-what-will-happen-next-in-mahasangam-watch-promo-nsp-98-5091954/ |access-date=2025-05-16 |website=[[Loksatta]] |language=mr}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |13-19 October 2025<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=“जीवाची पर्वा न करता…”, अस्तित्वाच्या लढाईसाठी सावली व पारू एकत्र येणार; ‘पारू’ व ‘सावळ्याची जणू सावली’ मालिकांचा महासंगम |url=https://www.loksatta.com/manoranjan/television/zee-marathi-savalyachi-janu-savali-and-paaru-serial-mahasangam-upcoming-twist-what-will-savali-and-paaru-do-nsp-98-5436262/ |access-date=2025-10-11 |website=[[Loksatta]] |language=mr}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=“तुमच्याविरुद्ध ठोस पुरावे…”, आदित्यला पोलीस बेड्या घालून नेणार अन् सारंग…; सावली व पारूच्या घरावर येणार मोठं संकट |url=https://www.loksatta.com/manoranjan/television/zee-marathi-savlyachi-janu-savali-and-paaru-upcoming-twist-police-will-take-aditya-away-in-handcuffs-what-will-sarang-do-nsp-98-5440257/ |access-date=2025-10-13 |website=[[Loksatta]] |language=mr}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |26 January-1 February 2025<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|''[[Lakshmi Niwas (TV series)|Lakshmi Niwas]]''<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=आदित्य-अनुष्काचा साखरपुडा होणार की जयंत-जान्हवीचे लग्न? एकाच पॅलेसवरून अहिल्यादेवी किर्लोस्कर व जयंत यांच्यात होणार वाद… |url=https://www.loksatta.com/manoranjan/television/lakshmi-niwas-and-paaru-marathi-serial-maha-episode-new-promo-dispute-between-ahilyadevi-kirloskar-and-jayant-over-palace-nsp-98-4848538/ |access-date=2025-01-25 |website=[[Loksatta]] |language=mr}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=&quot;फक्त साखरपुडा, लग्न नको डोहाळजेवणही करा&quot; पारू-लक्ष्मीनिवास महासंगम ट्विस्टवर प्रेक्षक वैतागले, म्हणाले... |url=https://www.esakal.com/premier/audience-slammed-zee-marathi-serials-mahasangam-special-episode-of-paaru-and-laxmi-niwas-said-it-is-getting-unbearable-stop-it-entertainment-news-kds07 |access-date=2025-01-28 |website=[[Sakal]] |language=mr}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |27 July-2 August 2025<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=नऊवारी साडी, नाकात नथ…; कोल्हापुरची ‘पद्मावती’ येतेय! ‘झी मराठी’वर निर्मिती सावंत यांची एन्ट्री, कोणत्या मालिकेत झळकणार? |url=https://www.loksatta.com/manoranjan/television/zee-marathi-nirmiti-sawant-entry-in-lakshmi-niwas-and-paaru-mahasangam-watch-promo-sva-00-5258164/ |access-date=2025-07-26 |website=[[Loksatta]] |language=mr}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=६० कलाकार, २०० जणांचा क्रू, पाच सेट आणि दोन मालिकांचा महासंगम; महालात सुरू आहे झी मराठीचं भव्य शूटिंग |url=https://marathi.indiatimes.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/television-news/zee-marathi-serial-paaru-and-laxmi-niwas-mahasangam/articleshow/117741951.cms |access-date=2025-01-30 |website=[[Maharashtra Times]] |language=mr}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |}<br /> <br /> === Special episode (1 hour) ===<br /> * 13 April 2025&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=&quot;ही स्वतःला देवीचं समजते&quot; आदित्य पुन्हा किडनॅप आणि पारूचा रुद्रावतार पाहून प्रेक्षक वैतागले; &quot;हात जोडतो..&quot; |url=https://www.esakal.com/premier/audience-slammed-paaru-serial-makers-after-again-aditya-get-kidnapped-in-zee-marathi-serial-entertainment-news-kds07 |access-date=2025-04-11 |website=[[Sakal]] |language=mr}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=“तुमच्यातला जगणार एक आणि मरणार…”, दिशामुळे पारूच्या जवळच्या लोकांचा जीव संकटात; पाहा प्रोमो… |url=https://www.loksatta.com/manoranjan/television/paaru-marathi-serial-one-of-you-will-live-and-one-will-die-dishas-evil-plan-people-close-to-paaru-are-in-danger-zee-marathi-serial-promo-watch-nsp-98-4931366/ |access-date=2025-03-05 |website=[[Loksatta]] |language=mr}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * 13 July 2025&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=पारू अन् आदित्यचा मराठमोळा अंदाज! दोघांचं प्रेम खुलणार, मालिकेचं नवीन गाणं पाहिलंत का? |url=https://www.loksatta.com/manoranjan/television/paaru-marathi-serial-new-song-marathi-look-aditya-and-paaru-love-story-watch-video-nsp-98-4670264/ |access-date=2024-10-24 |website=[[Loksatta]] |language=mr}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=“परकर पोलक्यातल्या पारूला हलक्यात घेऊ नका”, पारूने अनुष्काला दिली ताकीद, म्हणाली… |url=https://www.loksatta.com/manoranjan/television/zee-marathi-paaru-serial-new-promo-paaru-warn-to-anushka-pps-98-4907783/ |access-date=2025-02-22 |website=[[Loksatta]] |language=mr}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === Airing history ===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> ! No. !! Airing Date !! Days !! Time (IST) !! Ref.<br /> |-<br /> | 1 || 12 February 2024 – 9 August 2025 || rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| Daily || 7.30 pm ||&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=आदित्यला मारण्यासाठी दिशाचा मोठा प्लॅन, पारू व अहिल्यादेवी करत असलेला व्रत फायदेशीर ठरणार का?, नवा ट्विस्ट |url=https://marathi.itsmajja.com/paaru-serial-update-will-ahilya-devi-and-parus-sattva-pariksha-save-adityas-life-what-happen-next/ |access-date=2024-08-03 |website=Its Majja |language=mr}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=पारुच्या सौभाग्याची अग्निपरीक्षा घेणार नियती, मंगळसूत्र काढल्यानंतर आदित्यचा मोठा अपघात, अहिल्यादेवी कोलमडणार? |url=https://marathi.itsmajja.com/paaru-serial-promo-fate-to-test-paru-good-fortune-aditya-big-accident-after-removing-mangalsutra-ahilya-devi-will-collapse/ |access-date=2024-07-27 |website=Its Majja |language=mr}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | 2 || 11 August 2025 – 17 January 2026 || 7 pm ||&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=‘झी मराठी’वर ११ ऑगस्टपासून होणार मोठा बदल! ३ मालिकांची वेळ बदलणार, जाणून घ्या…<br /> |url=https://www.loksatta.com/manoranjan/television/zee-marathi-changes-three-serial-timing-amid-new-serial-starts-on-11th-august-sva-00-5254915/ |access-date=2025-07-25 |website=[[Loksatta]] |language=mr}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=आदित्यची तब्येत खालावली, पारूचा किर्लोस्कर बंगल्यावर येण्यास नकार, अहिल्यादेवींनी तिच्या समोरच लेकाला वाचवण्यासाठी पदर पसरला अन्… |url=https://marathi.itsmajja.com/paaru-serial-promo-paru-refusal-to-come-to-the-kirloskar-bungalow-ahilya-devi-request-her-to-come-for-adityas-health/ |access-date=2024-06-10 |website=Its Majja |language=mr}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | 3 || 19 January – 6 February 2026 || Mon-Sat || 11 pm ||&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=‘पारू’ संपणार नाही! ‘ही’ आहे मालिकेची नवीन वेळ; ‘झी मराठी’वर १९ जानेवारीपासून काय बदलणार? वाचा… |url=https://www.loksatta.com/manoranjan/television/zee-marathi-paaru-serial-not-going-off-air-time-changes-at-11-pm-watch-new-promo-sva-00-5624451/ |access-date=2026-01-08 |website=[[Loksatta]] |language=mr}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=अहिल्यादेवींनी पारूला नोकरीवरुन काढलं, दिशामुळे चूक नसतानाही पुन्हा शिक्षा मिळणार, गनीलाही कानाखाली मारली अन्… |url=https://marathi.itsmajja.com/paaru-serial-update-ahilya-devi-fires-paru-from-her-job-disha-will-be-punished-again-even-though-she-is-not-at-fault/ |access-date=2024-06-06 |website=Its Majja |language=mr}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == Adaptations ==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> ! Language<br /> ! Title<br /> ! Original release<br /> ! Network(s)<br /> ! Last aired<br /> ! Notes<br /> ! Ref.<br /> |-<br /> | [[Telugu language|Telugu]]<br /> | ''[[Muddha Mandaram]]'' &lt;br /&gt; ముద్ద మందారం<br /> | 17 November 2014<br /> | [[Zee Telugu]]<br /> | 27 December 2019<br /> | Original<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=दिशाचा नवा डाव अन्…; पारूसमोर येणार का तिच्या होणाऱ्या नवऱ्याचा खरा चेहरा?, मालिकेच्या कथानकला पुन्हा नवं वळण, पुढे काय घडणार? |url=https://marathi.itsmajja.com/zee-marathi-paaru-serial-update-will-the-truth-of-her-future-husband-come-before-paru-know-about-what-happen-in-serial/ |access-date=2024-04-07 |website=Its Majja |language=mr}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | [[Tamil language|Tamil]]<br /> | ''[[Sembaruthi]]'' &lt;br /&gt; செம்பருத்தி<br /> | 16 October 2017<br /> | [[Zee Tamil]]<br /> | 31 July 2022<br /> | rowspan=&quot;7&quot;| Remake<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=अहिल्यादेवींना भिडणार सूर्यकांत कदम, श्रीकांतला किडनॅप करुन खेळली चाल, प्रत्युत्तर देणार का?, नेमकं काय घडणार? |url=https://marathi.itsmajja.com/paaru-serial-new-promo-surykant-kadam-kidnapped-shrikant-will-ahilyadevi-respond-her/ |access-date=2024-05-16 |website=Its Majja |language=mr}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | [[Malayalam]]<br /> | ''[[Chembarathi (TV series)|Chembarathi]]'' &lt;br /&gt; ചെമ്പരത്തി<br /> | 26 November 2018<br /> | [[Zee Keralam]]<br /> | 25 March 2022<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=अहिल्यादेवींचं व्रत पूर्ण अन् पारुला सर्पदंश, देवीआईचा जीव वाचवून स्वतःचा जीव धोक्यात?, पुढे काय घडणार? |url=https://marathi.itsmajja.com/paaru-serial-update-paru-saved-ahilyadevis-life-and-her-own-life-is-in-danger/ |access-date=2024-04-24 |website=Its Majja |language=mr}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | [[Kannada]]<br /> | ''[[Paaru (Kannada TV series)|Paaru]]'' &lt;br /&gt; ಪಾರು<br /> | 3 December 2018<br /> | [[Zee Kannada]]<br /> | 16 March 2024<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=अहिल्यादेवींच्या आयुष्यात होणार उलथापालथ, सूर्यकांत कदमच्या एन्ट्रीने मालिकेत येणार नवं वादळ, भरत जाधव यांची लक्षवेधी भूमिका |url=https://marathi.itsmajja.com/suryakant-kadams-entry-will-bring-a-new-twist-to-the-serial-bharat-jadhav-played-important-role-in-paaru-serial/ |access-date=2024-05-10 |website=Its Majja |language=mr}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | [[Marathi language|Marathi]] <br /> | ''Paaru'' &lt;br /&gt; पारू<br /> | 12 February 2024<br /> | [[Zee Marathi]]<br /> | 6 February 2026<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=पारू सुखरूप घरी परतली, आदित्यची काळजी पाहून दिशा व दामिनीच्या मनात संशय, नवा डाव आखणार का? |url=https://marathi.itsmajja.com/paaru-marathi-serial-paru-returns-home-safely-seeing-aditya-concern-disha-and-damini-are-suspicious-will-they-plan-a-new-plan/ |access-date=2024-04-30 |website=Its Majja |language=mr}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | [[Hindi]]<br /> | ''[[Vasudha (2024 TV series)|Vasudha]]'' &lt;br /&gt; वसुधा<br /> | 16 September 2024<br /> | [[Zee TV]]<br /> | Ongoing<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=अहिल्यादेवींनी आदित्यसाठी अनुष्काला घातली मागणी, होकार देणार का?, पारूचं काय होणार? |url=https://marathi.itsmajja.com/paaru-marathi-serial-promo-ahilya-devi-demanded-anushka-for-aditya-will-she-agree-what-will-happen-to-paru/ |access-date=2024-11-27 |website=Its Majja |language=mr}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]<br /> | ''Kashni'' &lt;br /&gt; ਕਾਸ਼ਨੀ<br /> | 31 March 2025<br /> | [[Zee Punjabi]]<br /> | 31 May 2025<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=अनुष्कामुळे पारू व किर्लोस्कर कुटुंबात फूट, कायमची दूर जाणार का?, मालिकेत मोठा ट्विस्ट |url=https://marathi.itsmajja.com/paaru-marathi-serial-update-will-the-split-between-paru-and-kirloskars-family-go-away-forever-due-to-anushka/ |access-date=2024-11-23 |website=Its Majja |language=mr}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | [[Bengali language|Bengali]]<br /> | ''Kusum'' &lt;br /&gt; কুসুম<br /> | 4 June 2025<br /> | [[Zee Bangla]]<br /> | Ongoing<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=दिशाचा डाव फसला, पारूला शुद्ध आली, अहिल्यादेवींमुळे वाचला जीव, आदित्यला अश्रू अनावर अन्… |url=https://marathi.itsmajja.com/paaru-marathi-serial-dishas-plan-failed-ahilya-devi-saved-paru-life-aditya-was-left-in-tears-and/ |access-date=2024-04-29 |website=Its Majja |language=mr}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> * {{IMDb title|tt33089456}}<br /> * [https://www.zee5.com/tv-shows/details/paaru/0-6-4z5499906 ''Paaru''] at [[ZEE5]]<br /> <br /> [[Category:Marathi-language television shows]]<br /> [[Category:2024 Indian television series debuts]]<br /> [[Category:Zee Marathi original programming]]<br /> [[Category:Remakes of Indian television series]]<br /> [[Category:2026 Indian television series endings]]</div>

Evan692365 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Anita_Nagar_Singh_Chouhan&diff=486678 2026-04-07T01:12:36Z

<p>Evan692365: Bio...</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Member of the Lok Sabha}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=August 2024}}<br /> {{Infobox officeholder<br /> | name = Anita Nagar Singh Chouhan<br /> | image =<br /> | birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=y|5 September 1984}}<br /> | birth_place = [[Alirajpur district|Rampura]], [[Madhya Pradesh]], [[India]]<br /> | office = [[Member of Parliament]], [[Lok Sabha]]<br /> | term_start = 4 June 2024<br /> | term_end = <br /> | constituency = [[Ratlam (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ratlam]]<br /> | predecessor = [[Guman Singh Damor]]<br /> | party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]<br /> | spouse = Nagar Singh Chauhan<br /> | children = <br /> | website = <br /> | footnotes = <br /> | date = <br /> | year = <br /> | source = https://sansad.in/ls/members/biography/5663?from=members <br /> }}<br /> '''Anita Nagar Singh Chouhan''' ({{IPA|hi|ən̪ɪt̪aː n̪aːgəɾ sɪŋgʱ t͡ʃɔːɦaːn̪}}) is an Indian politician. She was elected to the [[Lok Sabha]], [[lower house]] of the [[Parliament of India]] from [[Ratlam (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ratlam]], [[Madhya Pradesh]] in the [[2024 Indian general election]] as member of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]. She became the first women to win [[Ratlam (Lok Sabha constituency)]].&lt;ref name=&quot;f400&quot;&gt;{{cite web | author=Arshdeep kaur | title=Madhya Pradesh Election results 2024: Full list of winners in Lok Sabha election | website=mint | date=4 June 2024 | url=https://www.livemint.com/elections/madhya-pradesh-election-results-2024-full-list-of-winners-in-lok-sabha-election-11717486187348.html | access-date=4 June 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;a669&quot;&gt;{{cite web | title=Election results 2024: Its horror show for Congress in Madhya Pradesh | website=The Times of India | date=5 June 2024 | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bhopal/29-0-madhya-pradesh-healer-for-bjp-horror-for-congress/articleshow/110718587.cms?pcode=462 | access-date=5 June 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;o282&quot;&gt;{{cite web | last=Choukse | first=Sagar | title=Five-time MP Kantilal Bhuria loses Ratlam LS seat | website=The Times of India | date=5 June 2024 | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/indore/five-time-mp-kantilal-bhuria-loses-ratlam-ls-seat/articleshow/110715764.cms | access-date=5 June 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> She defeated [[Kantilal Bhuria]] of [[Indian National Congress]] by 207232 votes.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Ratlam Constituency Lok Sabha Election Results 2024 |url=https://www.brutimes.com/news/politics/ratlam-constituency-lok-sabha-election-results-2024 |website=Bru Times News |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Parliamentary Constituency 24 - RATLAM |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/PcResultGenJune2024/candidateswise-S1224.htm |website=ECI}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Ex-local body heads {{!}} High jumpers&quot;&gt;{{cite news|last1=India Today|title=Ex-local body heads {{!}} High jumpers|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/cover-story/18th-lok-sabha-the-debutants/story/20240722-ex-local-body-heads-high-jumpers-2565844-2024-07-13|accessdate=31 July 2024|date=13 July 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240731162655/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/cover-story/18th-lok-sabha-the-debutants/story/20240722-ex-local-body-heads-high-jumpers-2565844-2024-07-13|archivedate=31 July 2024|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> {{Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Chouhan, Anita}}<br /> [[Category:India MPs 2024–2029]]<br /> [[Category:Lok Sabha members from Madhya Pradesh]]<br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Madhya Pradesh]]<br /> [[Category:1984 births]]<br /> <br /> {{MadhyaPradesh-BJP-politician-stub}}</div>

Evan692365 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shree_Jagannath_Sanskrit_University&diff=535297 2026-04-06T17:42:51Z

<p>Evan692365: </p> <hr /> <div>{{short description|Public Sanskrit Language University in Odisha, India}}<br /> {{No significant coverage|date=May 2025}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=October 2018}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=October 2018}}<br /> {{Infobox university<br /> |name = Shree Jagannath Sanskrit University<br /> |image = Shri Jagannath Sanskrit Vishvavidayalaya logo.png<br /> |motto = ''Satyam Jñānam Anantam'' ([[Sanskrit]])<br /> |mottoeng = Truth Knowledge Infinitely <br /> |established = {{start date and age|1981}}<br /> |type = [[Public university|Public]]<br /> |chancellor = [[Governor of Odisha]]<br /> |vice_chancellor= Prabhat Kumar Mohapatra <br /> |endowment =<br /> |city = [[Puri]]<br /> |state = [[Odisha]]<br /> |country = [[India]]<br /> |coordinates = {{coord |19.807582|85.861762}}<br /> |students = <br /> |website = {{url|www.sjsv.nic.in}}<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Shree Jagannath Sanskrit University''', also known as '''Shri Jagannath Sanskrit Vishwavidyalaya''', is a [[Sanskrit language]] university located in [[Puri]], [[Odisha]], [[India]].<br /> <br /> ==About==<br /> Shree Jagannath Sanskrit University was established as a teaching-cum-affiliating university by the then [[Chief Ministers of Odisha|Chief Minister]] Prajnana Vachaspati Sj. [[Janaki Ballabh Patnaik]], a scholar of Sanskrit, who laid the foundation on 7 July 1981 at Mouza Balukhand&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=** WELCOME TO:SJSV-PURI **|url=http://www.sjsv.nic.in/briefhistory.html|access-date=2021-01-09|website=www.sjsv.nic.in}}&lt;/ref&gt; for the promotion, research &amp; higher studies in [[Sanskrit Language]]. It is named after [[Jagannath]], a deity in Hinduism. It is the third oldest sanskrit university in India.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://www.unirank.org/in/uni/shri-jagannath-sanskrit-vishvavidyalaya/ | title=Shri Jagannath Sanskrit Vishvavidyalaya | publisher=www.unirank.org | accessdate=23 January 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/education/edex/Plans-are-afoot-to-revive-Sankrit-edu/2013/10/21/article1842079.ece?service=print | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150123100639/http://www.newindianexpress.com/education/edex/Plans-are-afoot-to-revive-Sankrit-edu/2013/10/21/article1842079.ece?service=print | url-status=dead | archive-date=23 January 2015 | title=Plans are afoot to revive Sankrit [sic] edu | newspaper=[[New Indian Express]] | first=Diana | last=Sahu | date=13 October 2013 | accessdate=23 January 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=http://www.ugc.ac.in/stateuniversitylist.aspx?id=26&amp;Unitype=2 | title=State Universities Odisha | publisher=[[University Grants Commission (India)|University Grants Commission]] | accessdate=23 January 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://www.indiatoday.in/education-today/news/story/ugcs-list-of-affiliated-universities-out-301142-2014-09-27 | title=UGC's list of affiliated universities out | publisher=[[India Today]] | date=27 September 2014 | access-date=23 January 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Academics==<br /> At present the university grants degrees in Undergraduate, Postgraduate, Siksha Shastri (B.Ed), Visisthacharya (M.Phil), Vidyavaridhi (Ph.D) and D.Litts in different fields of studies in [[Sanskrit language]].<br /> <br /> ==Departments==<br /> There are at present eight Postgraduate departments and Siksha Shastri (B.Ed.) department. The latter started from the academic session 2012-13.<br /> * Advaita Vedanta<br /> * Dharmashastra<br /> * Jyotirvigyan<br /> * Nyaya<br /> * Sahitya<br /> * Sarvadarshan<br /> * Veda<br /> * Vyakarana<br /> * Siksha Shastri<br /> <br /> ==Affiliation &amp; Accreditation==<br /> There are 167 of Sanskrit Higher Secondary Schools (Upashastri) and 138 Sanskrit Degree Colleges (Shastri) of Odisha affiliated to this institution out of them 94 have been brought under the fold of Permanent Affiliation. [[National Assessment and Accreditation Council|NAAC]] Peer Team assessed the university in the last week of July 2016 and accredited it with B+ Grade.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title= A Brief History|url=https://sjsv.nic.in/briefhistory.html|access-date=2024-04-20|website=www.sjsv.nic.in}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Facilities==<br /> * Central Library<br /> * Health Centre<br /> * Gents Hostel<br /> * Ladies Hostel<br /> * Guest House<br /> * Computer Application Centre<br /> * Centre of Advanced Research in Sanskrit (CARS)<br /> * Publication wing for journal ''Shree Jagannatha Jyotih'', News Bulletin ''Shreevihara-Bharati'' and other research works. <br /> * Career Counseling Cell<br /> * Study Centre for [[Odisha State Open University]]<br /> * NET Coaching provision for university Students<br /> * Civil Service Coaching Centre<br /> * NSS Wing<br /> * Manuscript Resource Centre (MRC) in collaboration with [[National Mission for Manuscripts]], [[Ministry of Culture (India)|Ministry of Culture]], [[Government of India]].<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> * [[List of Sanskrit universities in India]]<br /> * [[List of institutions of higher education in Odisha]]<br /> * [[Sanskrit revival]]<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> *{{Official website|http://sjsv.nic.in/}}<br /> <br /> {{Sanskrit Universities in India}}<br /> {{Universities in Odisha}}<br /> {{Department of Higher Education, Odisha}}<br /> {{authority control}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Department of Higher Education (Odisha)]]<br /> [[Category:Sanskrit universities in India]]<br /> [[Category:Universities in Odisha]]<br /> [[Category:Puri]]<br /> [[Category:Educational institutions established in 1981]]<br /> [[Category:1981 establishments in Orissa]]<br /> <br /> <br /> {{Odisha-university-stub}}</div>

Evan692365 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gujarat_gecko&diff=501317 2026-03-29T10:26:52Z

<p>Evan692365: put up first stub w/ infobox</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Species of lizard}}<br /> {{speciesbox<br /> | image = Hemidactylus gujaratensis.jpg<br /> | status = VU<br /> | status_system = IUCN3.1<br /> | status_ref = &lt;ref name=&quot;iucn status 18 November 2021&quot;&gt;{{cite iucn |author=Srinivasulu, C. |author2=Srinivasulu, B. |date=2013 |title=''Hemidactylus gujaratensis'' |volume=2013 |article-number=e.T194109A2299635 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-1.RLTS.T194109A2299635.en |access-date=18 November 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | genus = Hemidactylus<br /> | species = gujaratensis<br /> | authority = Giri, [[Aaron Matthew Bauer|Bauer]], Vyas, &amp; Patil, 2009<br /> | synonyms = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> The '''Gujarat gecko''' ('''''Hemidactylus gujaratensis''''') is a species of [[gecko]]. This gecko specie is [[endemic]] to [[Gujarat]] state of [[India]].&lt;ref name=RDB&gt;{{NRDB species|genus=Hemidactylus|species=gujaratensis}}&lt;/ref&gt; It was first recorded in [[Girnar hills]] of [[Gujarat]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Giri |first=Varad B. |last2=Bauer |first2=Aaron M. |last3=Vyas |first3=Raju |last4=Patil |first4=Sunny |date=September 2009 |title=New Species of Rock-Dwelling Hemidactylus (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from Gujarat, India |url=https://bioone.org/journals/journal-of-herpetology/volume-43/issue-3/08-137R1.1/New-Species-of-Rock-Dwelling-Hemidactylus-Squamata--Gekkonidae-from/10.1670/08-137R1.1.full |journal=Journal of Herpetology |volume=43 |issue=3 |pages=385–393 |doi=10.1670/08-137R1.1 |issn=0022-1511|url-access=subscription }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{Taxonbar|from=Q3130069}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Hemidactylus]]<br /> [[Category:Reptiles described in 2009]]<br /> [[Category:Endemic reptiles of India]]<br /> [[Category:Taxa named by Aaron M. Bauer]]<br /> {{Hemidactylus-stub}}</div>

Evan692365 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pradhan_Khunta&diff=461386 2026-03-25T17:41:22Z

<p>Evan692365: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2019}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=January 2019}}<br /> {{Infobox settlement<br /> | name = Pradhan Khunta<br /> | native_name = <br /> | native_name_lang = <br /> | other_name = PRADHANKHANTA<br /> | nickname = <br /> | settlement_type = Village<br /> | image_skyline = Pradhan Khunta railway station.JPG<br /> | image_alt = <br /> | image_caption = Pradhan Khunta railway station.<br /> | pushpin_map = India Jharkhand#India<br /> | pushpin_label_position = right<br /> | pushpin_map_alt = <br /> | pushpin_map_caption = Location in Jharkhand, India<br /> | coordinates = {{coord|23.765833|N|86.523067|E|display=inline,title}}<br /> | subdivision_type = Country<br /> | subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}<br /> | subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]<br /> | subdivision_name1 = [[Jharkhand]]<br /> | subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]<br /> | subdivision_name2 = [[Dhanbad district|Dhanbad]]<br /> | established_title = &lt;!-- Established --&gt;<br /> | established_date = <br /> | founder = <br /> | named_for = <br /> | government_type = Representative Democracy<br /> | governing_body = Gram panchayat<br /> | unit_pref = Metric<br /> | area_footnotes = <br /> | area_rank = <br /> | area_total_km2 = 4.18<br /> | elevation_footnotes = <br /> | elevation_m = 199<br /> | population_total = 4,399<br /> | population_as_of = 2011<br /> | population_rank = <br /> | population_density_km2 = auto<br /> | population_demonym = <br /> | population_footnotes = <br /> | demographics_type1 = Languages<br /> | demographics1_title1 = Official<br /> | demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]], [[Urdu language|Urdu]], [[Kurmali language|Kudmali]]<br /> | timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br /> | utc_offset1 = +5:30<br /> | postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]<br /> | postal_code = 828201<br /> | area_code_type = Telephone/ STD code<br /> | area_code = 0326<br /> | registration_plate = JH 10<br /> | website = {{URL|dhanbad.nic.in/}}<br /> | footnotes = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Pradhan Khunta''' is a large village located in [[Dhanbad district|Baliapur Block of Dhanbad district]], Jharkhand with total 840 families residing.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Pradhan Khunta Village Population - Baliapur - Dhanbad, Jharkhand |url=https://www.census2011.co.in/data/village/361877-pradhan-khunta-jharkhand.html |access-date=2024-06-02 |website=www.census2011.co.in}}&lt;/ref&gt; It is located 199M above sea level.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Pradhankhunta Railway Station Timeline - Railway Enquiry |url=https://indiarailinfo.com/station/timeline/edits-pradhankhunta-junction-pka/2519 |access-date=2024-06-02 |website=indiarailinfo.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Overview ==<br /> '''Pradhan Khunta''' is a large village located in [[Baliapur (community development block)|Baliapur Block of Dhanbad district, Jharkhand]] with total 840 families residing.It is located 199M above sea level. Pradhankhanta Gram Panchayat is a Rural Local Body in [[Baliapur (community development block)|Baliapur Panchayat Samiti]] part of [[Dhanbad district|Dhanbad Zila Parishad]]. There are total 3 Villages under Pradhankhanta Gram Panchayat jurisdiction. Gram Panchayat Baliapur is further divided into 13 Wards. Gram Panchayat Baliapur has total 13 schools.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Gram Panchayat (ग्राम पंचायत): PRADHANKHANTA |url=https://localbodydata.com/gram-panchayat-pradhankhanta-111800#:~:text=Pradhankhanta%20Gram%20Panchayat%20is%20a,Baliapur%20has%20total%2013%20schools. |access-date=2024-06-04 |website=localbodydata.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Geography==<br /> The Dhangi Hills (highest peak 385.57&amp;nbsp;m) run from Pradhan Khunta to [[Gobindpur, Jharkhand|Gobindpur]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url = http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/28391/9/09_chapter%203.pdf | title= Chapter III - Study Area: Dhanbad District| work= Pages 38-43 |publisher= Shodganga | access-date = 8 October 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url = http://dhanbad.nic.in/pdf/gztr_2.Chapter%20I%20(GENERAL)%201-38.pdf | title= gztr 2.Chapter I (General) 1-38 | work= Pages 2-5 |publisher= Jharkhand Government | access-date = 8 October 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Demographics==<br /> As per the [[2011 Census of India]], Pradhan Khunta had a total population of 4,399 of which 2,274 (52%) were males and 2,125 (48%) were females. Population below 6 years was 587. The total number of literates in Pradhan Khunta was 2,930 (76.86% of the population over 6 years).&lt;ref name=census2011&gt;{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/pca/cdb_pca_census/Houselisting-housing-JK.html |title = 2011 Census C.D. Block Wise Primary Census Abstract Data(PCA) | work= Jharkhand – District-wise CD Blocks|publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India | access-date = 15 October 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Transport==<br /> The [[Asansol-Gaya section]], a part of the [[Grand Chord]], passes through this block. There is a station at Pradhan Khunta on this line.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url = https://indiarailinfo.com/train/timetable/all/719/378/1388 | title= 13305 Dhanbad-Gaya Inter-City Express | work= Time Table |publisher= Indiarailinfo | access-date = 8 October 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Deuli-Khairpal Road passes through Pradhan Khunta and links it to [[National Highway 19 (India)|NH 19]], [[Baliapur]] and [[Sindri (Dhanbad)|Sindri]].&lt;ref&gt;Google maps&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Education And Healthcare ==<br /> There are 13 schools in PradhanKhunta and 1 Hospital.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Gram Panchayat (ग्राम पंचायत): PRADHANKHANTA |url=https://localbodydata.com/gram-panchayat-pradhankhanta-111800#:~:text=Pradhankhanta%20Gram%20Panchayat%20is%20a,Baliapur%20has%20total%2013%20schools. |access-date=2024-06-04 |website=localbodydata.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Transport ==<br /> [[Pradhankhunta Junction railway station|Pradhankhunta railway station]] is in [[Dhanbad district]] making it an important railway station in the Indian state of [[Jharkhand]]. The station code name of Pradhankhunta is ‘PKA’. As part of one of the busiest and populated Indian states, Jharkhand, the Pradhankhunta railway station is known amongst the top hundred train ticket booking and train traveling stations of the Indian Railway. The total number of trains that pass through Pradhankhunta (PKA) junction is 139.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Pradhankhunta (PKA) Railway Station: Station Code, Schedule &amp; Train Enquiry - RailYatri |url=https://www.railyatri.in/stations/pradhankhunta-pka |access-date=2024-06-04 |website=www.railyatri.in}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{Dhanbad District}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Villages in Dhanbad district]]<br /> <br /> <br /> {{Jharkhand-geo-stub}}</div>

Evan692365 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=2019_Tamil_Nadu_Legislative_Assembly_by-elections&diff=474132 2026-03-24T05:40:45Z

<p>Evan692365: </p> <hr /> <div>{{short description|Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly by-election}}<br /> {{For|Lok Sabha election|2019 Indian general election in Tamil Nadu}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=July 2020}}<br /> {{Infobox election<br /> | election_name = 2019 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly by-elections<br /> | country = India<br /> | type = parliamentary<br /> | ongoing = no<br /> | previous_election = 2016–2017 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly by-elections<br /> | previous_year = 2017<br /> | next_election = <br /> | next_year = [[2023 elections in India#Tamil Nadu|2023]]<br /> | election_date = 18 April 2019 (18 seats), 19 May 2019 (4 seats),&lt;br&gt;21 Oct 2019 (2 seats)<br /> | seats_for_election = 24 vacant seats out of 234 seats in the [[Legislature of Tamil Nadu]]<br /> | turnout = 75%<br /> | image1 = {{CSS image crop|Image=Palanisamy.jpg|bSize=120|cWidth=100|cHeight=120|oLeft=10|oTop=5}}<br /> | image2 = {{CSS image crop|Image=The Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu, Thiru MK Stalin.jpg|bSize=120|cWidth=100|cHeight=120|oLeft=10|oTop=5}}<br /> <br /> | leader1 = [[Edappadi K. Palaniswami]]<br /> | leaders_seat1 = [[Edappadi Assembly constituency|Edappadi]]<br /> | party1 = All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam<br /> | alliance1 = National Democratic Alliance (India)<br /> | last_election1 = 21<br /> | seats_before1 = '''133'''<br /> | seats1 = 11<br /> | seat_change1 = {{decrease}} 10<br /> | percentage1 = 39.86%<br /> | seats_after1 = '''123'''<br /> | swing1 = <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> | leader2 = [[M. K. Stalin]]<br /> | party2 = Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam<br /> | alliance2 = United Progressive Alliance<br /> | leaders_seat2 = [[Kolathur Assembly constituency|Kolathur]]<br /> | last_election2 = 3<br /> | seats_before2 = 99 (Alliance)<br /> | seats2 = '''13'''<br /> | seat_change2 = {{increase}} 10<br /> | percentage2 = '''42.85%'''<br /> | seats_after2 = 109 (Alliance)<br /> | swing2 = <br /> | map_image = <br /> | map_size = <br /> | map_caption = <br /> | title = [[Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu|Chief Minister]]<br /> | posttitle = [[Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu|Chief Minister]] after election<br /> | before_election = [[Edappadi K. Palaniswami]]<br /> | before_party = All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam<br /> | after_election = [[Edappadi K. Palaniswami]]<br /> | after_party = All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam<br /> | majority_seats = 118<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''By-elections''' to eighteen state assembly constituencies were held in [[Tamil Nadu]] on 18 April 2019 together with [[2019 Indian general election]].<br /> It was considered to be mini-assembly election battle for the power in [[Tamil Nadu]]. The ruling government had to prove its majority while the opposition was trying hard to get maximum seats.<br /> There were 22 seats vacant in the [[Tamil Nadu]] assembly, By-election took place in two phases and in the first phase for 18 assembly constituencies together with Lok Sabha general election on 18 April 2019 in the state. Remaining 4 assembly constituencies (Ottapidaram, Aravakurichi, Tiruparankundram and Sulur) election was held on 19 May.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Crucial by-polls to four TN constituencies on May 19 |url=https://thefederal.in/elections-2019/2019/04/09/crucial-by-polls-to-four-tn-constituencies-on-may-19/ |access-date=9 April 2019 |work=The Federal |publisher=Federal |date=9 April 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; The counting of votes was conducted on 23 May, and on the same day the results were announced.<br /> Then the by-elections for 2 seats Vikravandi and Nanguneri were conducted on 21 October 2019.<br /> <br /> ==Political turmoil and leadership changes (2016–2017)==<br /> <br /> ===2016 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election===<br /> <br /> The backdrop for the political upheaval in Tamil Nadu unfolded with the 2016 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election held on 16 May 2016. In a surprising turn of events, the AIADMK, led by the charismatic Chief Minister J Jayalalithaa, defied the odds presented by opinion polls and secured a victory by winning 136 seats out of 234. The Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK), led by M K Stalin, emerged as the principal opposition party. J Jayalalithaa died in December, leading to a series of consequential events.<br /> <br /> ===Transition of power and leadership struggles===<br /> <br /> Following [[J Jayalalithaa]]'s demise, [[O Paneerselvam]], the former two time Chief Minister and then Finance Minister in her cabinet, assumed the role of Chief Minister on behalf of the AIADMK. However, in January 2017, Paneerselvam resigned, paving the way for the controversial election of V K Sasikala as the next Chief Minister. The pending verdict on Sasikala's misappropriation case in the Supreme Court prompted a delay in her appointment by the Governor of Tamil Nadu.<br /> <br /> Within days of her election, Sasikala faced a legal setback, as she was convicted and sentenced to four years in prison, rendering her ineligible for the Chief Minister's position. Simultaneously, Paneerselvam refused to comply with Sasikala's directives, leading to the formation of a rebel faction comprising 11 MLAs. Paneerselvam sought an opportunity to prove his majority in the assembly and retain the office of Chief Minister.<br /> <br /> ===Resort confinement and appointment of Edappadi K Palanisami===<br /> <br /> In an effort to prevent horse-trading, the remaining AIADMK MLAs were sequestered in a resort in Kuvathoor near Chennai for a week. During this time, Sasikala handpicked Minister Edappadi K Palanisami as her choice for Chief Minister. Palanisami was subsequently elected by the MLAs in the resort. To avert a constitutional crisis, the Governor swore in Palanisami as the Chief Minister, despite opposition from the OPS faction.<br /> <br /> The subsequent motion of confidence in the Legislature witnessed turmoil and physical tuggle, with 11 MLAs from the OPS faction voting against Palanisami and all opposition MLAs walking out. Nevertheless, he managed to secure majority support, solidifying his position as the Chief Minister.<br /> <br /> ===Reconciliation and fallout===<br /> <br /> O Paneerselvam later rejoined the AIADMK, assuming the role of [[Deputy Chief Minister]] in the latter half of 2017. Subsequently, VK Sasikala and her supporters were expelled from the AIADMK. In a dramatic turn of events, 19 MLAs from the Sasikala faction submitted a letter of no confidence against the Chief Minister to the Governor. The [[Speaker of the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly]], responding to a complaint from the [[Government Whip]], disqualified all of them, with the exception of MLA Jakkaiyan, who was acquitted after submitting a letter of apology.<br /> <br /> The 18 disqualified MLAs appealed to the Judiciary to nullify the Speaker's decision, with the last verdict from the division bench of [[Madras High Court]] coming against them in January 2019. They then decided to fight the by-elections as candidates of the newly formed [[Amma Makkal Munnetra Kazhagam]] alongside the Lok Sabha elections, rather let it sit at the [[Supreme Court of India]].<br /> <br /> == Further disqualification and ministerial loss ==<br /> <br /> In addition to the political turbulence, the AIADMK faced another setback when ADMK minister P. Balakrishna Reddy was convicted in an old arson case. Consequently, he not only lost his ministerial position but also faced disqualification as the MLA from the Hosur Assembly constituency.<br /> <br /> == Loss of political veterans ==<br /> <br /> The political landscape of Tamil Nadu experienced a profound shift with the demise of key political figures.<br /> <br /> In August 2018, the revered 5-time former chief minister of Tamil Nadu and president of the Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK), M Karunanidhi, died, marking the end of an era in Tamil Nadu politics. Karunanidhi's significant contributions to the state's governance and his longstanding influence on the DMK left an indelible mark on Tamil Nadu's political history.<br /> <br /> Adding to the somber note, the DMK suffered another loss in September 2018 with the passing of MLA Mr Ramani in a Road accident. His dedication and service to the party were acknowledged as the political landscape mourned the loss of a committed representative.<br /> <br /> Continuing the sequence of unfortunate events, in 2019, the AIADMK mourned the demise of MLA Kanagaraj in [[Sulur]] due to a heart attack. His contributions to the party and the Hosur constituency left a void, marking yet another chapter in the evolving political narrative of Tamil Nadu.<br /> <br /> ==Potential shift in political landscape==<br /> <br /> Historically, Tamil Nadu had witnessed a stable political scenario with no midterm switch of power from the ruling party to opposition. As the 2016 elections approached, the incumbent AIADMK government, armed with 112 MLAs, found itself six seats short of a majority to sustain its administration for the remaining two years.<br /> <br /> The Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK), having been relegated to the third position in the [[2011 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2011 Tamil Nadu Elections]], was unable to reclaim power in the subsequent [[2016 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2016 Tamil Nadu Elections]]. The DMK led Secular Progressive Alliance, entered the by-elections with 98 MLAs. Their strategic goal was to secure victory in 20 out of the 24 contested seats, thereby guaranteeing a historic change in government. The stakes were high as both parties vied for a significant political shift in the state.<br /> <br /> ==By-election event==<br /> ===Phase 1===<br /> Phase 1 By-Elections will be held for '''18''' vacant assembly constituencies in Tamil Nadu.<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> ! By-Election Event<br /> ! Date<br /> |----<br /> |Election Date Announcement<br /> |10.03.2019<br /> |----<br /> |Last Date for Filling Nominations<br /> |26.03.2019<br /> |----<br /> |Scrutiny<br /> |27.03.2019<br /> |----<br /> |Withdrawal Last Date<br /> |29.03.2019<br /> |----<br /> |Voting <br /> |18.04.2019<br /> |----<br /> |Results<br /> |23.05.2019<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Phase 2===<br /> Phase 2 By-Elections will be held for the remaining '''4''' vacant assembly constituencies in Tamil Nadu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/ec-announces-by-poll-in-remaining-four-tn-assembly-seats/article26782025.ece|title=ECI announces bypoll dates for remaining four T.N. Assembly seats|last=Jesudasan|first=Dennis S.|date=2019-04-09|work=The Hindu|access-date=2019-04-29|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> ! By-Election Event<br /> ! Date<br /> |----<br /> |Election Date Announcement<br /> |09.04.2019<br /> |----<br /> |Last Date for Filling Nominations<br /> |29.04.2019<br /> |----<br /> |Scrutiny<br /> |30.04.2019<br /> |----<br /> |Withdrawal Last Date<br /> |02.05.2019<br /> |----<br /> |Voting <br /> |19.05.2019<br /> |----<br /> |Results<br /> |23.05.2019<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Notable party-wise contesting candidates list==<br /> There are '''36''' candidates from the Recognized State political party, '''46''' candidates from the other registered regional parties and '''187''' Independent politicians for of total '''269''' candidates for the 18 seats by-election officially announced by Tamil Nadu election commission .<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> ! Party<br /> ! Seats contested<br /> ! Seats won<br /> ! Change<br /> |----<br /> | [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]<br /> | 22<br /> | 9<br /> | 12{{decrease}}<br /> |----<br /> | [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]<br /> | 22<br /> | 13<br /> | 12{{increase}}<br /> |----<br /> | [[Amma Makkal Munnettra Kazagam]]<br /> | 22<br /> | 00<br /> | 00<br /> |----<br /> | [[Makkal Needhi Maiam]]<br /> | 20<br /> | 00<br /> | 00<br /> |----<br /> | [[Naam Tamilar Katchi]]<br /> | 22<br /> | 00<br /> | 00<br /> |----<br /> | [[Independent politician]]<br /> | 22<br /> | 00<br /> | 00<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Opinion polls==<br /> ===Pre-poll===<br /> <br /> {|class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;font-size:95%;line-height:16px&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; width=&quot;125px&quot; |Date published<br /> ! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; width=&quot;175px&quot; |Polling agency<br /> ! style=&quot;background:{{party color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;background:{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;background:{{party color|Amma Makkal Munnetra Kazhagam}}|<br /> ! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;unsortable&quot; width=&quot;50px&quot; |[[List of political parties in India|Others]]<br /> ! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; width=&quot;50px&quot; |Lead{{Ref|Noteα|α}}<br /> |-<br /> ! width=&quot;75px&quot; class=&quot;unsortable&quot; |[[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|NDA-AIADMK]]<br /> ! width=&quot;75px&quot; class=&quot;unsortable&quot; |[[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|UPA-DMK]]<br /> ! width=&quot;50px&quot; class=&quot;unsortable&quot; |[[Amma Makkal Munnetra Kazhagam|AMMK]]<br /> |-<br /> |8 April 2019<br /> |[https://twitter.com/ThanthiTV/status/1115301961849421829 Thanthi TV]<br /> | style=&quot;background:{{party color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}&quot; |'''8-9'''<br /> | style=&quot;background:{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}&quot; |'''8-9'''<br /> | |0<br /> |0<br /> | style=&quot;background:{{party color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}&quot; | 1<br /> |-<br /> <br /> |8 April 2019<br /> |[https://www.vikatan.com/juniorvikatan/2019-apr-14/election-2019/149942-18-assembly-by-election-survey-results.html Junior Vikatan]<br /> | style=&quot;background:{{party color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}&quot; |1<br /> | style=&quot;background:{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}&quot; |'''17'''<br /> | |0<br /> |0<br /> | style=&quot;background:{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}&quot; |16<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Exit polls===<br /> {|class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;font-size:95%;line-height:16px&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; width=&quot;125px&quot; |Date published<br /> ! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; width=&quot;175px&quot; |Polling agency<br /> ! style=&quot;background:{{party color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;background:{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}&quot;|<br /> ! style=&quot;background:{{party color|Amma Makkal Munnetra Kazhagam}}|<br /> ! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;unsortable&quot; width=&quot;50px&quot; |[[List of political parties in India|Others]]<br /> ! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; width=&quot;50px&quot; |Lead{{Ref|Noteα|α}}<br /> |-<br /> ! width=&quot;75px&quot; class=&quot;unsortable&quot; |[[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|NDA-AIADMK]]<br /> ! width=&quot;75px&quot; class=&quot;unsortable&quot; |[[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|UPA-DMK]]<br /> ! width=&quot;50px&quot; class=&quot;unsortable&quot; |[[Amma Makkal Munnetra Kazhagam|AMMK]]<br /> |-<br /> |21 May 2019<br /> |India Today<br /> | style=&quot;background:{{party color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}&quot; |3<br /> | style=&quot;background:{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}&quot; |'''14'''<br /> | |0<br /> |0<br /> | style=&quot;background:{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}&quot; |11<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Election results==<br /> <br /> ===Constituencywise trends===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; <br /> |-<br /> ! Constituency !! [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|DMK]] !! [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|AIADMK]] !! [[Amma Makkal Munnetra Kazhagam|AMMK]] !! [[Makkal Needhi Maiam|MNM]] !! [[Naam Tamilar Katchi|NTK]] !! Winning candidate !! Winning party !! Margin<br /> |-<br /> | colspan=&quot;12&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center; background-color:#fadadd&quot; | '''Phase 1 - 18.04.2019'''<br /> |-<br /> | [[Poonamallee Assembly constituency|Poonamallee]] || [[A. Krishnaswamy]] || G.Vaidyanathan ||[[T. A. Elumalai]] ||A. Jagadish Kumar<br /> | P.Bharathi Priya || [[A. Krishnaswamy]] || [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|DMK]] ||60,096<br /> |-<br /> | [[Perambur Assembly constituency|Perambur]] || RD Sekar|| R S Raajesh ||[[P. Vetrivel]] ||U. Priyadarshini<br /> | S.Merlin Sugandhi || RD Sekar || [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|DMK]] ||68,023<br /> |-<br /> | [[Thiruporur Assembly constituency|Thiruporur]] || SR Idhayavarman || Tirukazhukundram S Arumugam|| M.Kothandapani ||K.U. Karunakaran (I.K.K)<br /> | Mohana Sundhari || SR Idhayavarman || [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|DMK]] ||21,013<br /> |-<br /> | [[Sholingur Assembly constituency|Sholingur]]|| A Ashokan || G Sampathu|| T.G.Mani ||K.S. Malairajan<br /> | Gokula Krishnan || G Sampathu || [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|AIADMK]] ||16,056<br /> |-<br /> | [[Gudiyatham Assembly constituency|Gudiyatham (SC)]] || S Kathavarayan || Kaspa R Moorthy|| Jeyanthi Pathmanaban ||S.Venkatesan (I.K.K)<br /> | K.Kalayenthiri || S Kathavarayan || [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|DMK]] ||27,841<br /> |-<br /> | [[Ambur Assembly constituency|Ambur]] || A.C.Vilwanathan || R Jothiramalingaraja|| R.Balasubramani ||A.Kareem Bahsa<br /> | N.Selvamani || A.C.Vilwanathan || [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|DMK]] ||37,767<br /> |-<br /> | [[Hosur Assembly constituency|Hosur]] || S.A.Sathya || S.Jyothi Balakrishna Reddy || V.Pugazhendi ||Jeyapal<br /> | M.Rajashekar || S.A.Sathya || [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|DMK]] ||23,213<br /> |-<br /> | [[Pappireddipatti Assembly constituency|Pappireddipatti]] || A Mani || A Govindasamy || D.K.Rajendran ||M. Nallathambi<br /> | S.Sathish || A Govindasamy || [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|AIADMK]] ||18,493<br /> |-<br /> | [[Harur Assembly constituency|Harur (SC)]] || A Krishnakumar || V Sampathkumar || R.Murugan ||---<br /> | P.Thileep || V Sampathkumar || [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|AIADMK]] ||9,394<br /> |-<br /> | [[Nilakottai Assembly constituency|Nilakottai (SC)]] || C.Soundara Pandiyan || S Thenmozhi || R.Thangathurai ||R. Chinnadurai<br /> | A.Sangili Pandiayan || S Thenmozhi || [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|AIADMK]] ||20,675<br /> |-<br /> | [[Tiruvarur Assembly constituency|Tiruvarur]] || Poondi Kalaivanan || R.Jeevanatham|| S.Kamaraj ||K. Arun Chidambaram<br /> | R.Vinothini || Poondi Kalaivanan || [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|DMK]] ||64,571<br /> |-<br /> | [[Thanjavur Assembly constituency|Thanjavur]] || TKG Neelamegam || R Gandhi|| [[M. Rangaswamy]] ||P.Duraisamy<br /> | M.Karthick || TKG Neelamegam || [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|DMK]] ||33,980<br /> |-<br /> | [[Manamadurai Assembly constituency|Manamadurai (SC)]] || Ilakiyadasan || S Nagarajan || Mariyappan Kennady ||---<br /> | Shanmuga Priya || S Nagarajan || [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|AIADMK]] ||8,194<br /> |-<br /> | [[Andipatti Assembly constituency|Andipatti]] || A Maharajan || A Logirajan || R.Jayakuamr ||G.Azharsamy<br /> | R.Aruna Devi || A Maharajan || [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|DMK]] ||12,323<br /> |-<br /> | [[Periyakulam Assembly constituency|Periyakulam (SC)]] || KS Saravana Kumar || M Mayilvel|| Kadhirkamu ||K. Prabhu<br /> | Shobana || KS Saravana Kumar || [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|DMK]] ||20,320<br /> |-<br /> | [[Sattur Assembly constituency|Sattur]] || SV Srinivasan || M S R Rajavarman || S.G Subramanian ||N. Sundararaj<br /> | P.Sureshkumar || M S R Rajavarman || [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|AIADMK]] ||1,101<br /> |-<br /> | [[Paramakudi Assembly constituency|Paramakudi (SC)]] ||S Sampath Kumar || N Sadanparabhakar || [[S. Muthiah (MLA)|Dr. S. Muthiah]] ||A.Shankar<br /> | Hemalatha || N Sadanparabhakar || [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|AIADMK]] ||14,032<br /> |-<br /> | [[Vilathikulam Assembly constituency|Vilathikulam]] ||A.C.Jayakumar || P Chinnappan || K.Jothimany ||T. Natarajan<br /> | M.Kalidoss || P Chinnappan || [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|AIADMK]] ||28,554<br /> |-<br /> | colspan=&quot;12&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center; background-color:#fadadd&quot; | '''Phase 2 - 19.05.2019'''<br /> |-<br /> | [[Aravakurichi Assembly constituency|Aravakurichi]] || [[V. Senthil Balaji]] || VV Senthil Nathan || Shahul Hameed ||S. Mohanraj||P.K.Selvam<br /> | V.Senthil Balaji || [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|DMK]] ||37,957<br /> |-<br /> | [[Sulur Assembly constituency|Sulur]] || [[Pongalur N. Palanisamy]] || V.P.Kandhasamy || K.Sukumar ||G. Mayilsamy ||V.Vijaya Ragavan<br /> | V.P.Kandhasamy || [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|AIADMK]] ||10,113<br /> |-<br /> | [[Thiruparankundram Assembly constituency|Thiruparankundram]]|| P.Saravanan || S.Muniyandi || I.Mahendran ||P. Shaktivel||R.Revathi<br /> | P.Saravanan || [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|DMK]] ||2,396<br /> |-<br /> | [[Ottapidaram Assembly constituency|Ottapidaram]] || M.C.Shanmugaiya || P.Mohan || R.Sundararaj ||M.Gandhi||M.Agalya<br /> | M.C.Shanmugaiya || [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|DMK]] ||19,657<br /> |}Source - Election Commission of India&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://results.eci.gov.in/ac/en/trends/statewiseS221.htm?st=S221|title=Assembly Election 2019 - Election Commission of India|website=results.eci.gov.in|access-date=2019-05-26}}{{Dead link|date=March 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Constituencywise candidate results===<br /> <br /> ====[[Poonamallee Assembly constituency|Poonamallee]]====<br /> {{Election box begin | title=2019 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly by-elections: Poonamallee}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam<br /> |candidate = [[A. Krishnaswamy]]<br /> |votes = 1,36,905<br /> |percentage = 53.46<br /> |change = 15.01{{increase}}<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam<br /> |candidate = G. Vaithiyanathan<br /> |votes = 76,809<br /> |percentage = 29.99<br /> |change = 13.33{{decrease}}<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Makkal Needhi Maiam<br /> |candidate = A. Jagadish Kumar<br /> |votes = 11,772<br /> |percentage = 4.60<br /> |change = 4.60{{increase}}<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Amma Makkal Munnetra Kazhagam<br /> |candidate = [[T. A. Elumalai]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title= AMMK releases first list of candidates for Lok Sabha elections, Assembly by-polls |url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/lok-sabha-2019/ammk-releases-its-first-list-of-candidates-for-the-upcoming-lok-sabha-elections/article26559122.ece |access-date=1 July 2020 | first=T | last=Ramakrishnan |newspaper=The Hindu |date=17 March 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |votes = 14,804<br /> |percentage = 5.78<br /> |change = 5.78{{increase}}<br /> }}<br /> <br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Naam Tamilar Katchi <br /> |candidate = P. Bharathi Priya<br /> |votes = 10,871<br /> |percentage = 4.24<br /> |change = 3.17{{increase}}<br /> }}<br /> <br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = None of the above<br /> |candidate = [[None of the above|None of the Above]]<br /> |votes = 3,168<br /> |percentage = 1.24<br /> |change = 0.12{{decrease}}<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box majority|<br /> |votes = 60,096<br /> |percentage = <br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box turnout|<br /> |votes = 2,56,108<br /> |percentage = 77.06<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link|<br /> |winner = Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam<br /> |loser = All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam<br /> |swing = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ====[[Perambur Assembly constituency|Perambur]]====<br /> {{Election box begin | title=Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly by-election, 2019-2020: Perambur}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam<br /> |candidate = R. D. Sekar<br /> |votes = 106394<br /> |percentage = 56.32<br /> |change = 14.21{{increase}}<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam<br /> |candidate = R. S. Raajesh<br /> |votes = 38371<br /> |percentage = 20.31<br /> |change = 22.09{{decrease}}<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Makkal Needhi Maiam<br /> |candidate = U. Priyadarshini<br /> |votes = 20508<br /> |percentage = 10.86<br /> |change = 10.86{{increase}}<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Naam Tamilar Katchi <br /> |candidate = S. Merlin Suganthi<br /> |votes = 8611<br /> |percentage = 4.56<br /> |change = 2.84{{increase}}<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Amma Makkal Munnetra Kazhagam<br /> |candidate = [[P. Vetrivel]]<br /> |votes = 6281<br /> |percentage = 3.32<br /> |change = 3.32{{increase}}<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Pyramid Party of India<br /> |candidate = S.Devi Dasan (Velu)<br /> |votes = 122<br /> |percentage = 0.06<br /> |change = 0.06{{increase}}<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Jebamani Janata<br /> |candidate = [[Jebamani Mohanraj|J. Mohanraj]]<br /> |votes = 106<br /> |percentage = 0.06<br /> |change = 0.06{{increase}}<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = None of the above<br /> |candidate = [[None of the above|None of the Above]]<br /> |votes = 2511<br /> |percentage = 1.33<br /> |change = NA<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box turnout|<br /> |votes = <br /> |percentage = <br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link|<br /> |winner = Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam<br /> |loser = All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam<br /> |swing = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ==== [[Thiruporur Assembly constituency|Thiruporur]] ====<br /> {{Election box begin | title=Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly by-election, 2019-2020: Thiruporur}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam<br /> |candidate =[[L. Idhayavarman]]<br /> |votes = 1,03,248<br /> |percentage = 47.53<br /> |change = 13.09{{increase}}<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam<br /> |candidate = S. Arumugam<br /> |votes = 82,235<br /> |percentage = 37.86<br /> |change = 2.77{{increase}}<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Amma Makkal Munnetra Kazhagam<br /> |candidate = M. Kothandapani<br /> |votes = 11,936<br /> |percentage = 5.49<br /> |change = 5.49{{increase}}<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Naam Tamilar Katchi <br /> |candidate = S. Mohanasundari<br /> |votes = 9,910<br /> |percentage = 4.56<br /> |change = 3.65{{increase}}<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Makkal Needhi Maiam<br /> |candidate = U. Karunakaran<br /> |votes = 6,039<br /> |percentage = 2.78<br /> |change = 2.78{{increase}}<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = None of the above<br /> |candidate = [[None of the above|None of the Above]]<br /> |votes = 2,243<br /> |percentage = 1.03<br /> |change = 0.02{{decrease}}<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box majority|<br /> |votes = 21,013<br /> |percentage = 9.67<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box turnout|<br /> |votes = 2,17,230<br /> |percentage = 80.23<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link|<br /> |winner = Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam<br /> |loser = All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam<br /> |swing = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ==== [[Sholingur Assembly constituency|Sholingur]] ====<br /> {{Election box begin | title=2019 By-election : [[Sholingur]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Form 21E (Return of Election) |url=https://www.elections.tn.gov.in/ByeElection2019_Form21E/AC039.pdf |access-date=12 Feb 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220216061718/https://www.elections.tn.gov.in/ByeElection2019_Form21E/AC039.pdf |archive-date=16 February 2022 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam<br /> |candidate = [[G. Sampathu]]<br /> |votes = 1,03,545<br /> |percentage = 48.00<br /> |change =<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam<br /> |candidate = [[A. Asokan]]<br /> |votes = 87,489<br /> |percentage = 40.56<br /> |change =<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Amma Makkal Munnetra Kazhagam<br /> |candidate = T. G. Mani<br /> |votes = 12,868<br /> |percentage = 5.97<br /> |change =+5.97<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Naam Tamilar Katchi <br /> |candidate = P. Gokulakrishnan<br /> |votes = 5,188<br /> |percentage = 2.40<br /> |change =+2.40<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Makkal Needhi Maiam<br /> |candidate = A. Malayarajan<br /> |votes = 2,466<br /> |percentage = 1.14<br /> |change =+1.14<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = None of the above<br /> |candidate = [[None of the above|None of the Above]]<br /> |votes = 2,112<br /> |percentage = 0.98<br /> |change =<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box majority|<br /> |votes = 16,056<br /> |percentage = 7.44<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box turnout|<br /> |votes = 2,15,795<br /> |percentage = 82.34<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link|<br /> |winner = All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam<br /> |loser = Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam<br /> |swing = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ==== [[Gudiyatham Assembly constituency|Gudiyatham (SC)]]====<br /> {{Election box begin | title=Bye-election, 2019: Gudiyattam&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Form 21E (Return of Election) |url=https://www.elections.tn.gov.in/ByeElection2019_Form21E/AC046.pdf |access-date=12 Feb 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220216061901/https://www.elections.tn.gov.in/ByeElection2019_Form21E/AC046.pdf |archive-date=16 February 2022 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam<br /> |candidate = [[S. Kathavarayan]]<br /> |votes = 1,06,137<br /> |percentage = 52.05<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam<br /> |candidate = R. Moorthy<br /> |votes = 78,296<br /> |percentage = 38.40<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Amma Makkal Munnetra Kazhagam<br /> |candidate = [[C. Jayanthi Padmanabhan]]<br /> |votes = 8,186<br /> |percentage = 4.01<br /> |change = +4.01<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Naam Tamilar Katchi <br /> |candidate = R. Kalaiyenthiri<br /> |votes = 4,670<br /> |percentage = 2.29<br /> |change = +2.29<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Makkal Needhi Maiam<br /> |candidate = S. Venkatesan<br /> |votes = 3,287<br /> |percentage = 1.69<br /> |change = +1.69<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = None of the above<br /> |candidate = [[None of the above|None of the Above]]<br /> |votes = 2,838<br /> |percentage = 1.39<br /> |change = +1.39<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box majority|<br /> |votes = 27,841<br /> |percentage = 13.65<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box turnout|<br /> |votes = 2,03,959<br /> |percentage = 75.23<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link|<br /> |winner = Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam<br /> |loser = All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam<br /> |swing = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ==== [[Ambur Assembly constituency|Ambur]]====<br /> {{Election box begin | title=Bye-election, 2019: Ambur &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Form 21E (Return of Election) |url=https://www.elections.tn.gov.in/ByeElection2019_Form21E/AC048.pdf |access-date=12 Feb 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220216062024/https://www.elections.tn.gov.in/ByeElection2019_Form21E/AC048.pdf |archive-date=16 February 2022 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam<br /> |candidate = [[A. C. Vilwanathan]]<br /> |votes = 96,455<br /> |percentage = 55.93<br /> |change = +55.93<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam<br /> |candidate = J. Jothi Ramalinga Raja<br /> |votes = 58,688<br /> |percentage = 34.03<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Amma Makkal Munnetra Kazhagam<br /> |candidate = R. Balasubramani<br /> |votes = 8,856<br /> |percentage = 5.14<br /> |change = +5.14<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Naam Tamilar Katchi <br /> |candidate = N. Selvamani<br /> |votes = 3,127<br /> |percentage = 1.81<br /> |change = +1.45<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Makkal Needhi Maiam<br /> |candidate = A. Kareem Basha<br /> |votes = 1,853<br /> |percentage = 1.07<br /> |change = +1.07<br /> }}<br /> <br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = None of the above<br /> |candidate = [[None of the above|None of the Above]]<br /> |votes = 1,852<br /> |percentage = 1.07<br /> |change = +0.06<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box majority|<br /> |votes = 37,767<br /> |percentage = 21.90<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box turnout|<br /> |votes = 1,72,457<br /> |percentage = 76.85<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link|<br /> |winner = Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam<br /> |loser = All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam<br /> |swing = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ==== [[Hosur Assembly constituency|Hosur]]====<br /> {{Election box begin | title=Bye-election, 2019: Hosur&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Form 21E (Return of Election) |url=https://www.elections.tn.gov.in/ByeElection2019_Form21E/AC055.pdf |access-date=12 Feb 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220216062123/https://www.elections.tn.gov.in/ByeElection2019_Form21E/AC055.pdf |archive-date=16 February 2022 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam<br /> |candidate = [[S. A. Sathya]]<br /> |votes = 1,15,027<br /> |percentage = 50.30<br /> |change = +50.30<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam<br /> |candidate = S. Jyothi Reddy<br /> <br /> |votes = 91,814<br /> |percentage = 40.15<br /> |change = -1.44<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Makkal Needhi Maiam<br /> |candidate =P. Jeyapal <br /> |votes = 8,032<br /> |percentage = 3.51<br /> |change = +3.51<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Naam Tamilar Katchi <br /> |candidate =M. Rajasekar<br /> |votes = 6,740<br /> |percentage = 2.95<br /> |change = +2.95<br /> }}<br /> <br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = None of the above<br /> |candidate = [[None of the above|None of the Above]]<br /> |votes = 4,262<br /> |percentage = 1.86<br /> |change = +0.26<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box majority|<br /> |votes = 23,213<br /> |percentage = 10.15<br /> |change = -0.52<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box turnout|<br /> |votes = 2,28,709<br /> |percentage = 69.87<br /> |change = -1.34<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link|<br /> |winner = Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam<br /> |loser = All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam<br /> |swing = +8.71<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ==== [[Pappireddipatti Assembly constituency|Pappireddipatti]]====<br /> {{Election box begin | title=2019 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly by-elections: Pappireddipatti&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Form 21E (Return of Election) |url=https://www.elections.tn.gov.in/ByeElection2019_Form21E/AC060.pdf |access-date=12 Feb 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220216062125/https://www.elections.tn.gov.in/ByeElection2019_Form21E/AC060.pdf |archive-date=16 February 2022 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> }}<br /> <br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam<br /> |candidate = [[A. Govindasamy]]<br /> |votes = 1,03,981<br /> |percentage = 48.25<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam<br /> |candidate = [[A. Mani]]<br /> |votes = 85,488<br /> |percentage = 39.67<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Amma Makkal Munnetra Kazhagam<br /> |candidate = D. K. Rajendran<br /> |votes = 15,283<br /> |percentage =7.09<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Naam Tamilar Katchi <br /> |candidate = S. Sathish<br /> |votes = 3,783<br /> |percentage =1.76<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Makkal Needhi Maiam<br /> |candidate = [[M. Nallathambi]]<br /> |votes = 2,374<br /> |percentage = 1.10<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box majority|<br /> |votes = 18,493<br /> |percentage = 8.58<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box turnout|<br /> |votes = 2,15,406<br /> |percentage = 84.84<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link|<br /> |winner = All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam<br /> |loser = <br /> |swing = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ==== [[Harur Assembly constituency|Harur (SC)]]====<br /> {{Election box begin|title= 2019 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly by-elections : Harur (SC)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Form 21E (Return of Election) |url=https://www.elections.tn.gov.in/ByeElection2019_Form21E/AC061.pdf |access-date=22 Feb 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220216062128/https://www.elections.tn.gov.in/ByeElection2019_Form21E/AC061.pdf |archive-date=16 February 2022 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> }}<br /> <br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam<br /> |candidate = [[V. Sampathkumar]]<br /> |votes = 88,632<br /> |percentage = 45.10<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam<br /> |candidate = C. Krishnakumar<br /> |votes = 79,238<br /> |percentage = <br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = Independent politician<br /> |candidate = R. Murugan<br /> |votes = 20,282<br /> |percentage = <br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = Naam Tamilar Katchi<br /> |candidate = P. Thileep<br /> |votes = 3,902<br /> |percentage =<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = None of the above<br /> |candidate = [[None of the above|None of the Above]]<br /> |votes = 2,157<br /> |percentage = <br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box majority<br /> |votes = 9,394<br /> |percentage = <br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box turnout<br /> |votes = 1,96,524<br /> |percentage = 83.67<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors =2,35,857 |change = }}<br /> <br /> {{Election box hold with party link<br /> |winner = All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam<br /> |loser = <br /> |swing = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ==== [[Nilakottai Assembly constituency|Nilakottai (SC)]]====<br /> {{Election box begin|title= 2019 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly by-elections : Nilakottai (SC)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title= Form 21E (Return of Election), 2019 By-Election |url=https://www.elections.tn.gov.in/ByeElection2019_Form21E/AC061.pdf |access-date=22 Feb 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220216062128/https://www.elections.tn.gov.in/ByeElection2019_Form21E/AC061.pdf |archive-date=16 February 2022 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam<br /> |candidate = [[S. Thenmozhi]]<br /> |votes = 90,982<br /> |percentage = 49.78<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam<br /> |candidate = C. Soundarapandian<br /> |votes = 70,307<br /> |percentage = <br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = Amma Makkal Munnetra Kazhagam<br /> |candidate = [[R. Thangathurai]]<br /> |votes = 9,401<br /> |percentage = <br /> |change = ''New''<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = Naam Tamilar Katchi<br /> |candidate = A. Sanigilipandian<br /> |votes = 4,934<br /> |percentage =<br /> |change = ''New''<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = Makkal Needhi Maiam<br /> |candidate = C. Chinnadurai<br /> |votes = 3,139<br /> |percentage =<br /> |change = ''New''<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = None of the above<br /> |candidate = [[None of the above|None of the Above]]<br /> |votes = 1,339<br /> |percentage = <br /> |change = ''New''<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box majority<br /> |votes = 20,675<br /> |percentage = <br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box turnout<br /> |votes = 1,82,750<br /> |percentage = 80.29<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 2,29,209 |change = }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link<br /> |winner = All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam<br /> |loser = <br /> |swing = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ==== [[Tiruvarur Assembly constituency|Thiruvarur]] ====<br /> {{Election box begin | title=2019 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly by-elections: Thiruvarur}}<br /> <br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam<br /> |candidate = [[K. Poondi Kalaivanan]]<br /> |votes = 1,17,616<br /> |percentage = 57.00<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam<br /> |candidate = R. Jeevanantham<br /> |votes = 53,045<br /> |percentage = 25.71<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Amma Makkal Munnetra Kazhagam<br /> |candidate = [[S. Kamaraj]] <br /> |votes = 19,133<br /> |percentage = 9.27<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Naam Tamilar Katchi<br /> |candidate = R. Vinothini<br /> |votes = 8,144<br /> |percentage = 3.95<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Makkal Needhi Maiam<br /> |candidate = K. Arun Chidambaram<br /> |votes = 4,251<br /> |percentage = 2.06<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = None of the above<br /> |candidate = [[None of the Above]]<br /> |votes = 1,413<br /> |percentage = 0.68<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box majority|<br /> |votes = 64,571<br /> |percentage = 31.29<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box turnout|<br /> |votes = 2,04,935<br /> |percentage = <br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 2,96,159 |change = }}<br /> <br /> {{Election box hold with party link|<br /> |winner = Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam<br /> |swing = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ==== [[Thanjavur Assembly constituency|Thanjavur]]====<br /> {{Election box begin|title= 2019 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly by-elections : Thanjavur&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title= Form 21E (Return of Election), 2019 By-Election |url=https://www.elections.tn.gov.in/ByeElection2019_Form21E/AC174.pdf |access-date=22 Feb 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220222065227/https://www.elections.tn.gov.in/ByeElection2019_Form21E/AC174.pdf |archive-date=22 Feb 2022 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam<br /> |candidate = [[T. K. G. Neelamegam]]<br /> |votes = 88,972<br /> |percentage = 46.37<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam<br /> |candidate = [[R. Gandhi]]<br /> |votes = 54,992<br /> |percentage = 28.66<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = Amma Makkal Munnetra Kazhagam<br /> |candidate = [[M. Rangaswamy]]<br /> |votes = 20,006<br /> |percentage =10.43<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = Naam Tamilar Katchi<br /> |candidate = M. Karthi<br /> |votes = 11,182<br /> |percentage =5.83<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = Makkal Needhi Maiam<br /> |candidate = [[P. Duraisamy]]<br /> |votes = 9,345<br /> |percentage = 4.87<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = None of the above<br /> |candidate = [[None of the above|None of the Above]]<br /> |votes = 2,797<br /> |percentage = 1.54<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box majority<br /> |votes = 33,980<br /> |percentage = 17.71<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box turnout<br /> |votes = 1,91,871<br /> |percentage = 69.16<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link<br /> |winner = Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam<br /> |loser = All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam<br /> |swing = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ==== [[Manamadurai Assembly constituency|Manamadurai (SC)]]====<br /> {{Election box begin|title= 2019 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly by-elections : Manamadurai (SC)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title= Form 21E (Return of Election), 2019 By-Election |url=https://www.elections.tn.gov.in/ByeElection2019_Form21E/AC187.pdf |access-date=22 Feb 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220222070224/https://www.elections.tn.gov.in/ByeElection2019_Form21E/AC187.pdf |archive-date=22 Feb 2022 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam<br /> |candidate = [[S. Nagarajan (politician)|S. Nagarajan]]<br /> |votes = 85,228<br /> |percentage = 43.32<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam<br /> |candidate = K. Kasilingam<br /> |votes = 77,034<br /> |percentage = 39.15<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = Amma Makkal Munnetra Kazhagam<br /> |candidate = S. Mariappan Kennady<br /> |votes = 20,395<br /> |percentage = 10.37<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = Naam Tamilar Katchi<br /> |candidate = M. Shanmugapriya<br /> |votes = 9,315<br /> |percentage = 4.73<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = None of the above<br /> |candidate = [[None of the above|None of the Above]]<br /> |votes = 1618<br /> |percentage = 0.82<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box majority<br /> |votes = 8,184<br /> |percentage = <br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box turnout<br /> |votes = 1,95,145<br /> |percentage = 74.54<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 2,63,454 |change = }}<br /> <br /> {{Election box hold with party link<br /> |winner = All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam<br /> |loser = <br /> |swing = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ==== [[Andipatti Assembly constituency|Andipatti]]====<br /> {{Election box begin|title= 2019 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly by-elections : Andipatti&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title= Form 21E (Return of Election), 2019 By-Election |url=https://www.elections.tn.gov.in/ByeElection2019_Form21E/AC198.pdf |access-date=22 Feb 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220222070409/https://www.elections.tn.gov.in/ByeElection2019_Form21E/AC198.pdf |archive-date=22 February 2022 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam<br /> |candidate = [[A. Maharajan]]<br /> |votes = 87,079<br /> |percentage = 42.71<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam<br /> |candidate = A. Logirajan<br /> |votes = 74,756<br /> |percentage = 36.66<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = Amma Makkal Munnetra Kazhagam<br /> |candidate = R. Jeyakumar<br /> |votes = 28,313<br /> |percentage = 13.89<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = Naam Tamilar Katchi<br /> |candidate = Aruna Devi<br /> |votes = 5,180<br /> |percentage =2.54<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = Makkal Needhi Maiam<br /> |candidate = G. Alagarsamy<br /> |votes = 2,408<br /> |percentage = 1.18<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = None of the above<br /> |candidate = [[None of the above|None of the Above]]<br /> |votes = 2,246<br /> |percentage = 1.10<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box majority<br /> |votes = 12,323<br /> |percentage = 6.04<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box turnout<br /> |votes = 2,00,837<br /> |percentage = 77.08<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors =2,63,100 |change = }}<br /> <br /> {{Election box gain with party link<br /> |winner = Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam<br /> |loser = All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam<br /> |swing = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ==== [[Periyakulam Assembly constituency|Periyakulam (SC)]]====<br /> {{Election box begin|title= 2019 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly by-elections : Periyakulam&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title= Form 21E (Return of Election), 2019 By-Election |url=https://www.elections.tn.gov.in/ByeElection2019_Form21E/AC199.pdf |access-date=22 Feb 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220222070616/https://www.elections.tn.gov.in/ByeElection2019_Form21E/AC199.pdf |archive-date=22 Feb 2022 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam<br /> |candidate = [[K. S. Saravana Kumar]]<br /> |votes = 88,393<br /> |percentage = <br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam<br /> |candidate = M. Mayilvel<br /> |votes = 68,073<br /> |percentage = <br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = Amma Makkal Munnetra Kazhagam<br /> |candidate = [[K. Kathirkamu|Dr. K. Kathirkamu]]<br /> |votes = 26,338<br /> |percentage = <br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = Naam Tamilar Katchi<br /> |candidate = Shobana<br /> |votes = 5,825<br /> |percentage =<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = Makkal Needhi Maiam<br /> |candidate = Prabhu<br /> |votes = 5,727<br /> |percentage =<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box majority<br /> |votes = 20,320<br /> |percentage = <br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box turnout<br /> |votes = 1,96,622<br /> |percentage = 73.98<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors =2,68,739 |change = }}<br /> <br /> {{Election box gain with party link<br /> |winner = Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam<br /> |loser = All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam<br /> |swing = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ==== [[Paramakudi Assembly constituency|Paramakudi (SC)]] ====<br /> {{Election box begin | title=2019 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly by-elections: Paramakudi (SC)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title= Form 21E (Return of Election), 2019 By-Election |url=https://www.elections.tn.gov.in/ByeElection2019_Form21E/AC209.pdf |access-date=22 Feb 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220222075543/https://www.elections.tn.gov.in/ByeElection2019_Form21E/AC209.pdf |archive-date=22 Feb 2022 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> }}<br /> <br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam<br /> |candidate = [[N. Sadhan Prabhakar]]<br /> |votes = 82,438<br /> |percentage = 46.86<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam<br /> |candidate = S. Sambathkumar<br /> |votes = 68,406<br /> |percentage = <br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = Independent politician<br /> |candidate = [[S. Muthiah (MLA)|Dr. S. Muthiah]]<br /> |votes = 9,672<br /> |percentage = <br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = Naam Tamilar Katchi<br /> |candidate = Hemalatha<br /> |votes = 6,710<br /> |percentage =<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = Makkal Needhi Maiam<br /> |candidate = A. Shankar<br /> |votes = 5,421<br /> |percentage =<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = None of the above<br /> |candidate = [[None of the above|None of the Above]]<br /> |votes = 1,616<br /> |percentage = <br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box majority<br /> |votes = 14,032<br /> |percentage = <br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box turnout<br /> |votes = 1,75,916<br /> |percentage = <br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 2,46,727 |change = }}<br /> <br /> {{Election box hold with party link<br /> |winner = All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam<br /> |loser = <br /> |swing = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ==== [[Vilathikulam Assembly constituency|Vilathikulam]]====<br /> {{Election box begin | title=[[2019 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly By-election|2019 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly bye-election]]: [[Vilathikulam]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web<br /> |url=https://www.elections.tn.gov.in/ByeElection2019_Form21E/AC213.pdf<br /> |access-date= 30 Apr 2022<br /> |archive-date = 30 Apr 2022<br /> |title= Form 21E (Return of Election), 2019 By-Election<br /> |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220430080322/https://www.elections.tn.gov.in/ByeElection2019_Form21E/AC213.pdf<br /> |website=www.elections.tn.gov.in<br /> <br /> }}<br /> &lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam<br /> |candidate = [[P. Chinnappan]]<br /> |votes = 70,139<br /> |percentage = 44.32<br /> |change = {{decrease}}2.47<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam<br /> |candidate = A. C. Jayakumar<br /> |votes = 41,585<br /> |percentage = 26.28<br /> |change = {{decrease}}8.26<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = Independent (politician)<br /> |candidate = V. Markandayan<br /> |votes = 27,456<br /> |percentage = 17.35<br /> |change = ''New''<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = Amma Makkal Munnettra Kazagam<br /> |candidate = K. Jothimony<br /> |votes = 9,695<br /> |percentage = 6.13<br /> |change = ''New''<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = Naam Tamilar Katchi<br /> |candidate = M. Kalidoss<br /> |votes = 4,628<br /> |percentage = 2.93<br /> |change = {{increase}}1.77<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = Makkal Needhi Maiam<br /> |candidate = T. Natarajan<br /> |votes = 1,399<br /> |percentage = 0.88<br /> |change = ''New''<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = None of the Above<br /> |candidate = None of the Above<br /> |votes = 1,386<br /> |percentage = 0.88<br /> |change = {{decrease}}0.15<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box majority<br /> |votes = 28,554<br /> |percentage = 18.04<br /> |change = {{increase}}5.79<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box turnout<br /> |votes = 158,289<br /> |percentage = 75.65<br /> |change = {{increase}}1.37<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link<br /> |winner = All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam<br /> |swing = {{decrease}}2.47<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ====[[Aravakurichi Assembly constituency|Aravakurichi]]====<br /> {{Election box begin | title=Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly by-election, 2019-2020: Aravakurichi}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam<br /> |candidate = V. Senthil Balaji<br /> |votes = 97,800<br /> |percentage = 56.45<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam<br /> |candidate = V.V Senthil Nathan <br /> |votes = 59,843<br /> |percentage = 34.54<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Amma Makkal Munnetra Kazhagam<br /> |candidate = Shahul Hameed<br /> |votes = 7,195<br /> |percentage = 4.15<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Naam Tamilar Katchi <br /> |candidate = P.K.Selvam<br /> |votes = 2,227<br /> |percentage = 1.29<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Makkal Needhi Maiam<br /> |candidate = S. Mohanraj<br /> |votes = 1,361<br /> |percentage = 0.79<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate|<br /> |party = Tamilnadu Ilangyar Katchi<br /> |candidate = R Rajkumar<br /> |votes = 138<br /> |percentage = 0.08<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = None of the above<br /> |candidate = [[None of the above|None of the Above]]<br /> |votes = 904<br /> |percentage = 0.52<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box majority|<br /> |votes = 35,693<br /> |percentage = 21.85<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box turnout|<br /> |votes = <br /> |percentage = <br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link|<br /> |winner = Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam<br /> |loser = All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam<br /> |swing = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ==== [[Thiruparankundram Assembly constituency|Thiruparankundram]] ====<br /> {{Election box begin | title=Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly by-election, 2019-2020: Thirupparankundram }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam<br /> |candidate = P.Saravanan<br /> |votes = 85,434<br /> |percentage = 37.79<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam<br /> |candidate = S.Muniyandi<br /> |votes = 83,038<br /> |percentage = 36.73<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Amma Makkal Munnetra Kazhagam<br /> |candidate = I.Mahendran<br /> |votes = 31,199<br /> |percentage = 13.80<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Makkal Needhi Maiam<br /> |candidate = P.Sakthivel<br /> |votes = 12,610<br /> |percentage = 5.58<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Naam Tamilar Katchi <br /> |candidate = R.Revathi<br /> |votes = 5,467<br /> |percentage = 2.42<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = None of the above<br /> |candidate = [[None of the above|None of the Above]]<br /> |votes = 2,184<br /> |percentage = 0.97<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box majority|<br /> |votes = 2,396<br /> |percentage = 1.06<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box turnout|<br /> |votes = <br /> |percentage = <br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link|<br /> |winner = Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam<br /> |loser = All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam<br /> |swing = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ====[[Ottapidaram Assembly constituency|Ottapidaram]]====<br /> {{Election box begin | title=[[2019 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly By-election|2019 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly bye-election]]: [[Ottapidaram]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web<br /> |url=https://www.elections.tn.gov.in/ByeElection2019_Form21E/AC217.pdf<br /> |access-date= 30 Apr 2022<br /> |archive-date = 30 Apr 2022<br /> |title= Form 21E (Return of Election), 2019 By-Election<br /> |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220430080433/https://www.elections.tn.gov.in/ByeElection2019_Form21E/AC217.pdf<br /> |website=www.elections.tn.gov.in<br /> <br /> }}<br /> &lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam<br /> |candidate = [[M. C. Shunmugaiah]]<br /> |votes = 73,241<br /> |percentage = 42.97<br /> |change = ''New''<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam<br /> |candidate = P. Mohan<br /> |votes = 53,584<br /> |percentage = 31.44<br /> |change = {{decrease}}9.13<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = Amma Makkal Munnetra Kazhagam<br /> |candidate = R. Sundararaj<br /> |votes = 29,228<br /> |percentage = 17.15<br /> |change = ''New''<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = Naam Tamilar Katchi<br /> |candidate = M. Akalya<br /> |votes = 8,666<br /> |percentage = 5.09<br /> |change = {{increase}}2.73<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = None of the Above<br /> |candidate = None of the Above<br /> |votes = 1,783<br /> |percentage = 1.05<br /> |change = {{decrease}}0.58<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box majority<br /> |votes = 19,657<br /> |percentage = 11.53<br /> |change = {{increase}}11.22<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box turnout<br /> |votes = 170,519<br /> |percentage = 72.67<br /> |change = {{increase}}0.01<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link<br /> |winner = Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam<br /> |loser = All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam<br /> |swing = ''New''<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ====[[Sulur Assembly constituency|Sulur]]====<br /> {{Election box begin | title=2019 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly by-elections: Sulur&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.elections.tn.gov.in/ByeElection2019_Form21E/AC116.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220430074815/https://www.elections.tn.gov.in/ByeElection2019_Form21E/AC116.pdf |access-date= 30 Apr 2022 |archive-date=30 Apr 2022 |title= Form 21E (Return of Election), 2019 By-Election}}&lt;/ref&gt; }}<br /> <br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|candidate=[[V. P. Kandasamy]]|votes=1,00,782|percentage=44.78|change=}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|candidate=[[Pongalur N. Palanisamy]]|votes=90,669|percentage=40.29|change=}}<br /> <br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|party=Amma Makkal Munnetra Kazhagam|candidate=K. Sugumar|votes=16,530|percentage=7.35|change=}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|party=Makkal Needhi Maiam|candidate=S. Mohanraj|votes=6,644|percentage=2.95|change=}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|party=Naam Tamilar Katchi|candidate=V. Vijaya Ragavan|votes=4,335|percentage=1.93|change=}}<br /> <br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|party=None of the above|candidate=[[None of the above|None of the Above]]|votes=1,938|percentage=0.86|change=}}<br /> {{Election box majority|votes=10,113|percentage=4.49|change=}}<br /> {{Election box turnout|votes=2,26,998|percentage=76.89|change=}}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link<br /> |winner = All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam<br /> |loser = <br /> |swing = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> == Electoral outcomes and subsequent developments ==<br /> <br /> Following the by-elections, the [[AIADMK]] successfully secured 11 seats, bringing their single strength to 123 and thus reaffirming its position as the ruling party. This sordid victory not only solidified their grip on power but also strengthened hand of Edappadi K Palanisami within the party. Despite DMK winning 11 seats, the DMK alliance could not reach the magic total of 118 and DMK stayed as the opposition party, albeit as the party with the most MLAs in the history of the opposition parties in the state's [[legislature]].<br /> <br /> Out of the 18 disqualified MLAs, only former ADMK minister [[V. Senthil Balaji]] managed to reclaim his seat. However, noteworthy is his prior publicized transition to the [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] in February 2019, and winning as [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] candidate.<br /> <br /> Despite the DMK's significant success in the Lok Sabha elections and the by-elections, winning 39 out of 40 seats (39 in Tamil Nadu and one in Pondicherry), their state-level influence did not experience a substantial shift. However, these events set the stage for the political landscape leading up to the anticipated [[2021 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]], when the electoral tides turned in favor of the DMK alliance, ultimately leading to DMK's return as the ruling party with a single majority.<br /> <br /> == See also ==<br /> *[[Elections in Tamil Nadu]]<br /> *[[Government of Tamil Nadu]]<br /> *[[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Tamil Nadu legislative assembly by-election, 2019-2020}}<br /> [[Category:State Assembly elections in Tamil Nadu]]<br /> [[Category:2010s in Tamil Nadu]]<br /> [[Category:2019 State Assembly elections in India]]<br /> [[Category:By-elections in Tamil Nadu]]</div>

Evan692365 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shumang_Kumhei&diff=535518 2026-03-18T07:08:00Z

<p>Evan692365: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Art form of Manipur, India}}<br /> <br /> '''Sumang Kumhei''' ({{langx|mni|/sū.máŋ kūm-hə́i/}}), also known as {{langnf|mni|'''Sumang Leela'''|Courtyard Play}}, is a Meitei traditional form of theatre, usually performed in [[Manipur]], [[North East India]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://kanglaonline.com/2012/08/manipuri-sumang-lila-best-social-folk-medium-theatre-nsseram/|title=Manipuri Sumang Lila: Best social folk medium – KanglaOnline|first=Neken Singh|last=Seram}}&lt;/ref&gt; The [[theatre]] is arranged in the form of open air from four sides. The roles are all played by male [[actors]], some dressed as beautiful ladies.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.pothashang.in/2018/12/10/shumang-leela-vibrant-performing-art-form-joykumar/|title=Sumang Leela is the most vibrant performing art form: Joykumar • Pothashang|date=December 10, 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; The role of male characters are played by female artists in case of female theatre groups.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Shumang Leela, the traditional form of theatre celebrated in All Manipur Shumang Leela Festival 2021-2022 in Imphal |url=https://newsonair.gov.in/Main-News-Details.aspx?title=All-Manipur-Shumang-Leela-Festival-2021-2022:-The-Traditional-form-of-theatre&amp;id=446712 |access-date=2022-09-04 |website=newsonair.gov.in}}&lt;/ref&gt; This traditional theatre form was prevalent since the time of monarchical rule in Manipur.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=manipur.Shumang_Lila.Shumang_Leela_Hottest_Curry|title=SHUMANG LEELA, THE HOTTEST CURRY FOR MANIPURIS|author=Rajmani Ayekpam|accessdate=2 July 2021|website=e-pao.net}}&lt;/ref&gt; But the proper form of ''Shumang Leela'' had its inception in 1895 A.D.<br /> <br /> The present day Shumang Leelas address the issues of moral values, unity and integrity. The fostering of bonds of brotherhood and friendship among various communities in the State is also promoted by the theatre.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=CM notes Shumang Kumhei role in shaping public opinion |url=https://www.thesangaiexpress.com/Encyc/2021/7/12/Imphal-Jul-11-DIPR-Chief-Minister-N-Biren-Singh-has-categorically-stated-that-Shumang-Kumhei-pl.amp.html |access-date=2022-11-02 |website=www.thesangaiexpress.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> In 2017, [[Shougrakpam Hemanta]] was conferred with the prestigious [[Sangeet Natak Akademi Award]] in recognition of his contribution in ''Shumang Leela''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://pib.gov.in/Pressreleaseshare.aspx?PRID=1562667|title=President of India to confer Sangeet Natak Akademi Awards (Akademi Puraskar) for the Year 2017|website=pib.gov.in}}&lt;/ref&gt; With this, he became the first person to receive the award for this art form.<br /> <br /> ==Observance==<br /> An annual event, ''Shumang Leela Day'', commemorates the art form.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.pointblank7.in/?p=24|title=Shumang leela, the Courtyard theatre of Manipur|first=Team|last=PB7|date=March 4, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; The Iboyaima Shumang Leela Lifetime Achievement Award is presented on this day.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://themanipurpage.tripod.com/theater/theater.html|title=Theater Of Manipur|website=themanipurpage.tripod.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Notable artists==<br /> * [[Chinglen Thiyam]]<br /> * [[Shougrakpam Hemanta]]<br /> * [[Iboyaima Khuman]]<br /> * [[Bishesh Huirem]]<br /> * [[Gokul Athokpam]]<br /> * [[Gurumayum Bonny]]<br /> * Narendra Ningombam<br /> <br /> == See also ==<br /> *[[Sanaleipak Nachom]]<br /> * [[:Category:Shumang Kumhei artists|List of Shumang Kumhei artists]]<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> {{Commons category}}<br /> * [http://e-pao.net/epSearchResults.asp?cx=partner-pub-3342616103029311%3A3788634109&amp;cof=FORID%3A10&amp;ie=UTF-8&amp;q=Shumang+Kumhei&amp;sa.x=0&amp;sa.y=0 Shumang Kumhei] in {{URL|e-pao.net}}<br /> {{Authority control}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Culture of Manipur]]<br /> [[Category:Meitei cultural plays]]<br /> [[Category:Meitei-language plays]]<br /> [[Category:Theatre of India]]<br /> <br /> <br /> {{India-theat-stub}}</div>

Evan692365 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Raja_Jagat_Singh&diff=448459 2026-03-18T06:32:58Z

<p>Evan692365: Structure improved and content revised</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Raja of Nurpur from 1618 to 1646}}<br /> {{Multiple issues|<br /> {{more citations needed|date=July 2021}}<br /> {{Cleanup rewrite|date=October 2025}}<br /> }}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2021}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=July 2021}}<br /> {{Infobox royalty<br /> | name = Raja Jagat Singh<br /> | image = File:Raja Jagat Singh of Nurpur.jpg<br /> | caption = Raja Jagat Singh of Nurpur<br /> | image_size =<br /> | succession = [[Nurpur kingdom|Raja of Nurpur]]<br /> | reign = 1618 – January 1646<br /> | predecessor = [[Suraj Mal of Nurpur]]<br /> | successor = [[Rajrup Singh]]<br /> | issue = {{Unbulleted list|Rajrup Singh|Bhau Singh|Guleri Rani}}<br /> | spouse =<br /> | father = Raja Vasudev<br /> | mother =<br /> | birth_date = {{birth date text|1575}}<br /> | birth_place = [[Nurpur, Himachal Pradesh|Nurpur]], [[Nurpur kingdom]], [[Mughal Raj|Mughal India]] (present-day [[Himachal Pradesh]], India)<br /> | death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1646|1575}}<br /> | death_place = [[Chitral]] (present-day [[Pakistan]])<br /> | religion = [[Hinduism]]<br /> | signature =<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Raja Jagat Singh''' (1575–1646) was the ruler of the [[Nurpur kingdom]] from 1618 to 1646.<br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> When the [[Nurpur kingdom]] was being heavily taxed in 1630 by the Mughals, its king Raja Jagat Singh instead of taxing sided with people, who were starving during the famine and paid taxes from his own pocket. A lack of rain for three years caused the [[Deccan famine of 1630–1632|Deccan famine of 1630–32]]. It affected the Gujarat, Malwa, and Deccan regions while the [[Mughals]] carried out a war campaign. While the entire province lay dead, [[Shah Jahan]]'s war camp was “fair and spacious, plentifully stored with all provisions, being supplied with all things from all parts, far and near”.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;. Ibid PP.50&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; While people in the entire province were dying due to famine caused by his own army, Shah Jahan was collecting money to build the [[Taj Mahal]], the construction of which began on 1632. Taxes in the Mughal Empire were among the highest in the world; according to the estimates of J.N.U scholar Shireen Moosvi, Mughals took 56.7% of total produce from peasants.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;The Economy of the Mughal Empire C. 1595: A Statistical Study, Shireen Moosvi, Oxford University Press, 2015, pp.301&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Where the state's revenue needed to be used to quell the famine, Shah Jahan used it to build the Taj Mahal. According to contemporary sources like a letter written by a [[Dutch East India Company]] lawyer, the famine led to 7.4 million deaths.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Winters et al, “A famine in [[Surat]] in 1631 and Dodos on Mauritius: a long lost manuscript rediscovered”, Archives of natural history, Volume 44, Issue 1(2017), Edinburgh University Press&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; In contrast to Mughal tax regime of 1632, [[Hindu king]]s like Raja Jagat Singh and Raja of Bundelkhand took one-sixth (16.6%) as laid out in the Hindu scriptures. They rebelled to prevent further famines. The Bundelkhand rebellion by [[Jhujhar Singh]] was stopped in 1635 but Jagat Singh fought until 1642, when the Taj Mahal was completed and no more additional funds were needed.<br /> He was immortalized by the poet Gambhir Rai, who wrote of his military expeditions, four years after he had died:The Rhapsodies of Gambhír Rái, the Bard of Núrpur, A.D. 1650.— by [[John Beames]], C.S. A composition by bard Gambhir Raj mentions starvation and hunger in the period of Jagat Singh and his generosity in dealing with the catastrophe &quot; जैसा राजा जगत सिंह अगर होता कोई, नौ द्वीप भूमंडल में भूखा रहे ना कोई |&quot; Like Raja Jagat Singh, if there was anyone, no one would have gone hungry in the nine valleys and basins of the [[Shivalik hills]].I<br /> In folklore the most renowned incident that resulted in victory of Raja Jagat Singh became the<br /> '''Legend of Fort Taragarh''' 1640–1642, Near [[Dalhousie, India]]-[[Khajjiar]], that event of victory is celebrated even today every year on 10 April at fort Taragarh made on the highest peak of this area on meeting point of Hathidhar range with sub range of [[Dhauladhar]] range below Kakira. This fort was made to keep away any armies coming from Nurpur and or Punjab side. Down this fort towards all side is thousands feet deep stiff descent all sides except only North side that is towards Chamba side. Below this fort towards north side is a small and long flat valley formed where people of Taragarh have constructed their houses and Draman to Chamba road also passes through a village named Bariean da Gala. At such a highly inaccessible location, the impregnable fort was built after a Brahmin named Tara offered his sacrifice to protect from demons. Taragarh Fort was so well fortified by Jagat Singh and his sons that according to local folklore it took the huge Mughal army 12 years to annex it. It is said that Mughal forces surrounding the fort had planted Mango saplings which fruited in the course of siege and soldiers enjoyed their fruits (this place near Taragarh fort is to-day called ‘''Amb ka Bagh''’ literally meaning ‘Mango Orchard’). To break the moral of invading army, the sons and men of Jagat Singh threw pudding made from bitches milk out of the fort. Mughal soldiers saw this pudding and reported to the commander of cordoning forces who could not believe his eyes and died of shock. When this news reached the Mughal emperor that despite such a long siege the Raja and his men are still feasting on milk pudding he decided to negotiate with Jagat Singh who eventually opened the gates of the fort on his terms. After 12 years of anti-taxation rebellion against the Mughals and the War of Taragarh 1640–1642, he was not only granted condonation on 10 April 1642 but his knighthood of 12,000 Mansabadari was restored as was the honour of ‘favourite of Mughals’ since he was needed in the Afghanistan campaign.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Dogra Legends of Art &amp;amp; Culture By Aśoka Jeratha, Ashok Jerath, Indus Publishing, p172,173&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;<br /> <br /> ==Death==<br /> During '''[[Mughal Central Asia campaign|Second Balkh and Badakhshan military expedition 1644-1645]]''' to [[Central Asia]], he excelled while accompanying Mughal prince [[Murad Bakhsh]] to subdue [[Uzbegs]] of [[Khanate of Bukhara]] for which Raja had recruited over 14000 men from his own principality. [[John Elphinstone, 13th Lord Elphinstone|Elphinstone]] speaking of this great Rajput conquest into Central Asia says:{{blockquote| &quot;the spirit of the Rajputs never showed more brilliantly than in this unusual duty. They stormed mountain passes, made forced marches over snow, they constructed redoubts by their own labour. The Raja himself taking the axe like the rest and bore up against the tempest of frozen region as firmly as against the fierce and repeated attack of the enemy&quot;.}} In December 1645 he had completed military expedition to the northeastern tip of Afghanistan for Mughals and had reached [[Tajikistan]]-[[Pakistan]]-[[Afghanistan]] axis. As he had only scattered the enemies, he expected hostilities on his return journey.<br /> Instead of going back to [[Badakhshan]] and [[Balkh]] from [[Sarhad-e Broghil]] he attempted to cross [[Broghil Pass]] to reach [[Chitral]] from where he had started his expedition in 1644 but died due to a snow storm in January 1646. His grandson built a temple/memorial in Haridwar for the lost souls.<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> *{{cite book|title=Chronology of Royal Family of Pathania|first=Raghunath Singh Pathania|last=Translated by Walia|publisher=Archive Department H.P|year=2004|isbn=}}<br /> *{{cite book|title=Art Culture and History of Himalayan Kingdoms|author=Sukhdev Singh Charak|year=1979|publisher=Ekatā Buksa Prā. Li. |language= English|isbn= 978-9937105507}}<br /> *{{cite book |title=Forts and Palaces of the Western Himalayas |first=Aśoka |last=Jeratha |publisher=Indus Publishing |year=2000 |isbn=9788173871047 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=l2oZiyOqReoC}}<br /> *{{cite book |title=Dogra Legends of Art and Culture |first=Aśoka |last=Jeratha |publisher=Indus Publishing |year=1998 |isbn=9788173870828 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ToONShWeEB0C}}<br /> *{{cite book |title=The Princely and Noble Families of the Former Indian Empire |volume=1 - Himachal Pradesh |editor-first=Mark |editor-last=Brentnall |publisher=Indus Publishing |year=2004 |isbn=9788173871634 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ayYbAvECXQwC}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> *{{commons category-inline}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Jagat Singh}}<br /> [[Category:1575 births]]<br /> [[Category:1646 deaths]]<br /> [[Category:17th-century Indian monarchs]]<br /> [[Category:People from the Nurpur kingdom]]</div>

Evan692365 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lal_Sena&diff=454287 2026-03-16T04:23:22Z

<p>Evan692365: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Communist militia group in India}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=August 2024}}<br /> {{Infobox military unit<br /> | unit_name = Lal Sena<br /> | native_name = लाल सेना<br /> | image = [[File:Lal sena.jpg|200px]]<br /> | dates = 1974–1976&lt;ref name=&quot;auto4&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.satp.org/satporgtp/countries/india/terroristoutfits/Private_armies.htm|title=Private caste armies in Bihar, South Asia Terrorism Portal|website=www.satp.org|access-date=2016-12-13|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170313145712/http://www.satp.org/satporgtp/countries/india/terroristoutfits/Private_armies.htm|archivedate=2017-03-13}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> Traces of activity until 1990s&lt;ref name=&quot;auto11&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://in.news.yahoo.com/dalits-still-untouchable-220208450.html|title=The Dalits {{!}} Still untouchable|access-date=2016-12-15|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161221010305/https://in.news.yahoo.com/dalits-still-untouchable-220208450.html|archivedate=2016-12-21}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | allegiance = [[CPI(ML) Liberation]]<br /> | type = Armed Guerrilla Squad<br /> | role = Land Seizure from the landlords, Guerrilla warfare<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Lal Sena''' (लाल सेना; lit. '''Red Army''') was an organised armed militia of [[Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation|CPIML Liberation]] in northeastern India, across the terrains of central [[Bihar]], north-west of today's [[Jharkhand]], and a few districts of eastern [[Uttar Pradesh]]. It was formed mainly by lower caste (middle and lower class) peasantry and landless labourers. It was active from 1974 - 1990 &lt;ref name=&quot;auto4&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |first=E.N. |last=Rammohan |title=The Naxalite Maoist Insurgency |journal=Studies in International Strategic Issues |year=2012–2013 |volume=XIV|issue=III &amp; Vol. XV No. I |url=https://www.academia.edu/4734687 |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180512122535/http://www.academia.edu/4734687/The_Naxalite_Maoist_Insurgency_THE_NAXALITE_MAOIST_INSURGENCY |archivedate=2018-05-12 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Background ==<br /> In 1960s, when the [[Naxalite]] movement&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.ukessays.com/essays/history/naxalite-maoist-insurgency-in-india-history-essay.php|title=Naxalite Maoist Insurgency In India History Essay|newspaper=UKEssays|language=en-GB|access-date=2016-12-12|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220235348/https://www.ukessays.com/essays/history/naxalite-maoist-insurgency-in-india-history-essay.php|archivedate=2016-12-20}}&lt;/ref&gt; started under the leadership of [[Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist)]],&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/naxalbari-the-beginning/482324/3|title=Naxalbari: The Beginning – Indian Express|website=archive.indianexpress.com|access-date=2016-12-12|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170430015829/http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/naxalbari-the-beginning/482324/3|archivedate=2017-04-30}}&lt;/ref&gt; the poor peasantry and agricultural labourers who belonged mainly to the lower castes started taking side with the communists in central Bihar across the districts of [[Bhojpur district, India|Bhojpur]], [[Gaya district|Gaya]], [[Nalanda district|Nalanda]], [[Patna district|Patna]] and [[Aurangabad district, Bihar|Aurangabad]]. Several violent armed clashes occurred between the landlords and poor/landless peasantry. During the 1970s, CPI (ML) faced hard offence from central and state governments throughout India and splintered into several ML factions. In 1974, one of the ML factions was able to hold on to the grounds and reorganised itself into the [[CPI(ML) Liberation]] political party.&lt;ref name=&quot;auto1&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/india/history-of-naxalism/story-4f1rZukARGYn3qHOqDMEbM.html|title=History of Naxalism|date=2003-05-09|newspaper=Hindustan Times|access-date=2016-12-12|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161229010504/http://www.hindustantimes.com/india/history-of-naxalism/story-4f1rZukARGYn3qHOqDMEbM.html|archivedate=2016-12-29}}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> <br /> Meanwhile, the landlords/landowners most of whom economically were from upper class peasantry (mainly upper caste ) organised themselves based on caste lines into several landlord gentries. In retaliation '''Lal Sena''' guerrilla armed squads, were organised by then underground CPI (ML) Liberation.&lt;ref name=&quot;auto2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.satp.org/satporgtp/countries/india/terroristoutfits/Private_armies.htm|title=Private caste armies in Bihar, South Asia Terrorism Portal|website=www.satp.org|access-date=2016-12-10|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170313145712/http://www.satp.org/satporgtp/countries/india/terroristoutfits/Private_armies.htm|archivedate=2017-03-13}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;auto3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.satp.org/satporgtp/countries/india/terroristoutfits/massacres.htm|title=Chronology of Massacres in Central Bihar (1977–2001), South Asia Terrorism Portal|website=www.satp.org|access-date=2016-12-10|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170409002114/http://www.satp.org/satporgtp/countries/india/terroristoutfits/massacres.htm|archivedate=2017-04-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;auto6&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://cpiml.org/report-from-the-flaming-fields-of-bihar/part-iii/major-achievements?id=7366|title=Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) Liberation Major AchievementsCommunist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) Liberation|website=cpiml.org|access-date=2016-12-15|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220201620/http://cpiml.org/report-from-the-flaming-fields-of-bihar/part-iii/major-achievements?id=7366|archivedate=2016-12-20}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == After 2005 ==<br /> Since the late 2000s, Lal Sena's squad activity has been curtailed. The CPI (ML) Liberation party's movements took a militant but democratic approach through legalised workers, peasants, students, youth and women organisations, as noted by Dr. Sanjay K. Jha:&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceA&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://asthabharati.org/Dia_Apr05/Sanj.htm|title=Naxalite Movement in Bihar and Jharkhandtc|website=asthabharati.org|access-date=2016-12-13|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161211052723/http://www.asthabharati.org/Dia_Apr05/Sanj.htm|archivedate=2016-12-11}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> {{blockquote|&quot;The CPI-ML (Liberation), which had a formidable presence in the central parts of undivided Bihar, decided to function as an over ground political party in 1992. It was stated that &quot;the party does not rule out the possibility under a set of exceptional national and international circumstances, the balance of social and economic forces may even permit peaceful transfer of central power to revolutionary forces&quot;. It was, however, added that the party must prepare itself for winning the ultimate decisive victory through an armed struggle&quot;, though it admitted that the situation was not ripe for such a movement. Reports suggest that it still maintains underground squad in some regions. The party also has a string of organizations to mobilize students, women and workers. They are: All India Students Association, Bihar Pradesh Kisan Sabha, All India Coordination Committee of Trade Unions, All India Progressive Women's Association and Jan Sanskritik Manch.&quot;}}<br /> <br /> == See also ==<br /> * [[Ranvir Sena]]<br /> * [[Kuer Sena]]<br /> * [[List of communist parties in India]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> &lt;!--<br /> http://www.satp.org/satporgtp/countries/india/terroristoutfits/Private_armies.htm<br /> http://www.satp.org/satporgtp/countries/india/terroristoutfits/massacres.htm<br /> http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/bihars-endless-feudal-violence/article5835997.ece<br /> http://cpiml.org/report-from-the-flaming-fields-of-bihar/part-i/the-battleground-and-the-forces?id=7276<br /> --&gt;<br /> <br /> [[Category:Communist organisations in India]]<br /> [[Category:Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation]]<br /> [[Category:Defunct communist militant groups]]<br /> [[Category:Land rights movements]]<br /> [[Category:Left-wing militant groups in India]]<br /> [[Category:Naxalite groups]]<br /> [[Category:Politics of Bihar]]</div>

Evan692365 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=VJ_Vishal&diff=543173 2026-03-15T08:41:42Z

<p>Evan692365: new</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian actor and television presenter}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=December 2022}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=December 2022}}<br /> {{Infobox person<br /> | name = VJ Vishal<br /> | image = VJ Vishal.jpg<br /> | caption = Vishal in 2019<br /> | birth_name = <br /> | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1997|02|13|df=yes}}<br /> | birth_place = [[Coimbatore]], [[Tamil Nadu]], India<br /> | alma_mater = [[Anna University]]<br /> | occupation = Actor, television presenter<br /> | years_active = 2017–present<br /> | parents = <br /> | other_names = <br /> | website = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''VJ Vishal''' (born 13 February 1997) is an Indian actor and television presenter who appears in [[Tamil language|Tamil]] television shows. Vishal is known best for his role as Ezhilan in the serial ''[[Baakiyalakshmi]]'' which aired on [[Star Vijay]]. He was also participated as a contestant in the Indian reality show, [[Bigg Boss (Tamil TV series) season 8|''Bigg Boss 8'']] and ended up as a 2nd runner-up.<br /> <br /> ==Early life==<br /> Vishal was born on 13 February 1997, in [[Coimbatore]], [[Tamil Nadu]]. Vishal completed his schooling at A.V. Meiyappan Matriculation Higher Secondary School in [[Chennai]], he later went on to pursue a bachelor's in [[engineering]] from [[Anna University]]. Despite his academic background, Vishal's attention was always in media and television industry.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=மீண்டும் விஜய் டிவியில் வந்தது ரசிகர்களின் பேவரெட் ஷோ Ready Steady Po- தொகுத்து வழங்கப்போவது இவர்களா? |url=https://cineulagam.com/article/super-show-back-in-vijay-tv-1685434094|website=cineulagam.com|date=31 May 2023 |language=ta}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Career ==<br /> Vishal started his career in 2017 as an television presenter on [[Velicham TV]] and then worked on [[Vendhar TV]]. He later worked as an assistant director for a couple of shows like ''[[Athu Ithu Ethu]]'' and ''[[Kalakka Povathu Yaaru? Champions]]'' which both aired on [[Star Vijay]]. The following year in 2018, He started his acting career in the television industry with the serial ''[[Kalyanamam Kalyanam (TV series)|Kalyanamam Kalyanam]]'' which aired on [[Star Vijay]]. He later acted in various serials such as ''[[Aranmanai Kili (TV series)|Aranmanai Kili]]'', ''[[Baakiyalakshmi]]'', ''[[Thendral Vanthu Ennai Thodum]]''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://tamil.abplive.com/entertainment/television/baakiyalakshmi-serial-actor-vj-vishal-quits-the-reason-and-who-is-the-new-entry-as-ezhil-184628|title=VJ Vishal: பாக்கியலட்சுமி எழில் இனி இல்லை.. விஷால் விலகக் காரணம்.. புது என்ட்ரி இவர் தான்!|website=tamil.abplive.com|date=23 May 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/is-baakiyalakshmi-fame-vj-vishal-in-love-with-this-female-lead-from-another-show-5086513.html|title=Is Baakiyalakshmi Fame VJ Vishal in Love With This Female Lead From Another Show?|website=News18|date=30 April 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In 2023, Vishal also appeared in a music video ''Emone'' along with Deepthi Sunaina. Later that year, Vishal participated in the popular cooking comedy show ''[[Cooku with Comali season 4]]'' as a contestant.<br /> <br /> In 2024, he participated in the reality show ''[[Bigg Boss (Tamil TV series) season 8|Bigg Boss 8]]'' as contestant.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Bigg Boss Tamil 8: VJ Vishal opens up about his mutual break-up in his past relationship, says, &quot;We both convinced our parents for the break-up&quot;|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/bigg-boss-tamil-8-vj-vishal-opens-up-about-his-mutual-break-up-in-his-past-relationship-says-we-both-convinced-our-parents-for-the-break-up/articleshow/114972857.cms|access-date=15 January 2025|newspaper=The Times of India|date=5 November 2023 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Vishal emerged as the 2nd runner-up.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Bigg Boss Tamil 8 2nd runner-up Vishal expresses gratitude to host Vijay Sethupathi, says &quot;Your words mean a lot, and I will make you proud one day&quot;|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/bigg-boss-tamil-8-2nd-runner-up-vishal-expresses-gratitude-to-host-vijay-sethupathi-says-your-words-mean-a-lot-and-i-will-make-you-proud-one-day/articleshow/117421458.cms|access-date=26 January 2025|newspaper=The Times of India|date=21 January 2025|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In early 2025, Vishal appeared in a music video ''Haiyoo Saachale'' along with Avantika. Later in the year, Vishal appeared in a music video ''Kasuilla''.<br /> <br /> == Filmography ==<br /> <br /> ===Television===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |+<br /> !Year<br /> !Title<br /> !Role<br /> !Network<br /> !Notes<br /> !Ref(s)<br /> |-<br /> |2018–2019<br /> |''[[Kalyanamam Kalyanam (TV series)|Kalyanamam Kalyanam]]''<br /> |Gaurav<br /> |rowspan=11|[[Star Vijay]]<br /> |Debut<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |2018–2020<br /> |''[[Aranmanai Kili (TV series)|Aranmanai Kili]]''<br /> |Akash<br /> |<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Aranmanai Kili crosses 300 episodes|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/aranmanai-kili-crosses-300-episodes-actor-darshan-raju-thanks-fans/articleshow/72210551.cms|access-date=24 November 2019 |newspaper=The Times of India|date=24 November 2019 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |2020–2024<br /> |''[[Baakiyalakshmi]]''<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|Ezhil<br /> |Replaced by Naveen<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/television-actor-vishal-shares-a-bts-of-his-recent-shoot-with-team-bhagyalakshmi/articleshow/106892554.cms|title=Television actor Vishal shares a BTS of his recent shoot with team Bhagyalakshmi; take a look|website=[[Times Of India]]|date=16 January 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |2021–2022<br /> |''[[Pandian Stores]]''<br /> |Special appearance <br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |2022<br /> |''[[Thendral Vanthu Ennai Thodum]]''<br /> | Shakthi<br /> |Cameo appearance<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Baakiyalakshmi's Ezhil aka VJ Vishal to feature in 'Thendral Vanthu Ennai Thodum'?|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/baakiyalakshmis-ezhil-aka-vj-vishal-to-feature-in-thendral-vanthu-ennai-thodum/articleshow/92082457.cms|access-date=15 January 2025|newspaper=The Times of India|date=8 June 2022 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|2023<br /> |''[[Ready Steady Po]]''<br /> | Host<br /> |episode 1-20<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title='ரெடி ஸ்டெடி போ': ஸ்டார் விஜய்யின் பிளாக்பஸ்டர் கேம்ஷோ|url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/vijay-tv-new-program-ready-steady-po-from-july-11-tamilfont-news-338364|website=www.indiaglitz.com|date=15 June 2023 |language=ta}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |''[[Cooku with Comali season 4]]''<br /> | Contestant<br /> |Eliminated episode 22<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |2024<br /> |''[[Pandian Stores 2]]''<br /> | Ezhil<br /> |Special appearance<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |2024<br /> |''[[Cooku with Comali season 5]]''<br /> | Guest<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |2024–2025<br /> |''[[Bigg Boss (Tamil TV series) season 8|Bigg Boss 8]]''<br /> | Contestant<br /> |2nd Runner-Up<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/bigg-boss-tamil-8-contestant-vj-vishalheres-what-you-need-to-know-about-the-baakiyalakshmi-actor/articleshow/113976979.cms|title=Bigg Boss Tamil 8: Contestant VJ Vishal—Here's what you need to know about the Baakiyalakshmi actor|website=[[Times Of India]]|date=6 October 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |2025<br /> |''[[Cooku with Comali season 6]]''<br /> | Guest<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |2025<br /> |''[[Kalakka Povathu Yaaru?]]''<br /> | Guest<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |2025<br /> |''[[Athu Ithu Ethu]]''<br /> |Participant<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Music Videos===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Year<br /> ! Title<br /> ! Singer(s)<br /> ! Ref. <br /> |-<br /> | 2023<br /> |Emone<br /> |[[Vijai Bulganin]], Aditi Bhavaraju<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Emone Music Video|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PbPODDfgQMA|website=Youtube|date=18 January 2023 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |2025<br /> |Haiyoo Saachale<br /> |Vignesh Mahendran <br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Haiyoo Saachale Music Video|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bzbu8jrY_n0&amp;list=RDBzbu8jrY_n0&amp;start_radio=1|website=Youtube|date=31 January 2025 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | 2025<br /> |Kasuilla<br /> |Vijay JP<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Kasuilla Music Video|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RZtbov9heYk|website=Youtube|date=2 October 2025 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> *{{IMDb name|id=11613661}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Vishal, VJ}}<br /> [[Category:1993 births]]<br /> [[Category:Actors from Coimbatore]]<br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:Indian Tamil people]]<br /> [[Category:Indian video jockeys]]<br /> [[Category:Tamil male television actors]]<br /> [[Category:Television personalities from Tamil Nadu]]<br /> [[Category:Cooku with Comali contestants]]</div>

Evan692365 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ann_Dunham&diff=470289 2026-03-11T06:02:22Z

<p>Evan692365: small update page for clarity further and updated info</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|American anthropologist (1942–1995)}}<br /> {{distinguish|text=the equestrian [[Anne Dunham]]}}<br /> {{Disputed|date=September 2025}}<br /> {{Use mdy dates|date=July 2018}}<br /> {{Infobox academic<br /> | name = Ann Dunham<br /> | image = Stanley Ann Dunham 1960.jpg<br /> | caption = Dunham in 1960<br /> | birth_name = Stanley Ann Dunham<br /> | birth_date = {{birth date|1942|11|29}}<br /> | birth_place = [[Wichita, Kansas]], U.S.<br /> | death_date = {{death date and age|1995|11|7|1942|11|29}}<br /> | death_place = [[Honolulu]], Hawaii, U.S.<br /> | spouse = {{plainlist|<br /> *{{marriage|[[Barack Obama Sr.]]|1961|1964|reason=divorced}}<br /> *{{marriage|[[Lolo Soetoro]]|1965|1980|reason=divorced}}<br /> }}<br /> | children = {{plainlist|<br /> *[[Barack Obama]]<br /> *[[Maya Soetoro-Ng]]<br /> }}<br /> | parents = {{plainlist|<br /> *[[Stanley Armour Dunham]] (father)<br /> *[[Madelyn Dunham]] (mother)<br /> }}<br /> | education = {{plainlist|<br /> *[[University of Washington]] (attended)<br /> *[[University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa]] ([[Bachelor of Arts|BA]], [[Master of Arts|MA]], [[Doctor of Philosophy|PhD]])<br /> }}<br /> | relatives = [[Charles T. Payne]] (uncle)<br /> | honours = Main Star of Service of Indonesia<br /> | thesis_title = Peasant blacksmithing in Indonesia: Surviving against all odds<br /> | thesis_url = https://www.proquest.com/docview/304001600/<br /> | thesis_year = 1992<br /> | doctoral_advisor = [[Alice G. Dewey]]<br /> | discipline = Anthropology<br /> | workplaces = <br /> | signature = (Stanley) Ann Dunham Obama signature.png<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Stanley Ann Dunham''' (November 29, 1942&amp;nbsp;– November 7, 1995) was an American [[anthropology|anthropologist]] who specialized in the [[economic anthropology]] and [[rural development]] of Indonesia. Born in [[Wichita, Kansas]], she studied at the [[East–West Center]] and at the [[University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa]] in [[Honolulu]], where she earned a Bachelor of Arts (1967), a Master of Arts (1974), and a PhD (1992) in anthropology.<br /> <br /> Drawing on her interest in craftsmanship, weaving, and the role of women in [[cottage industries]], Dunham conducted research on women's work on the island of [[Java]] and blacksmithing in Indonesia. To address the problem of poverty in rural villages, she designed [[microcredit]] programs while working as a consultant for the [[United States Agency for International Development]]. In [[Jakarta]], she worked for the [[Ford Foundation]], and consulted for the [[Asian Development Bank]] in [[Pakistan]]. Towards the latter part of her life, she worked with [[Bank Rakyat Indonesia]], where she helped apply her research to the largest [[microfinance]] program in the world.<br /> <br /> As the mother of [[Barack Obama]], a former [[President of the United States]], her anthropological research faced renewed interest after his election, with new symposiums, endowments, fellowships, exhibitions, and publications dedicated to reexamining her life and upholding her legacy.<br /> <br /> ==Early life==<br /> Dunham was born on November 29, 1942, in [[Wichita, Kansas]], the only child of [[Madelyn Dunham|Madelyn Lee Payne]] and [[Stanley Armour Dunham]].{{sfn|Scott|2011|pp=40–42}} She was of predominantly English ancestry, with small amounts of Scottish, Welsh, Irish, German and Swiss-German.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|author=Smolenyak, Megan|date=November–December 2008|title=The quest for Obama's Irish roots|journal=Ancestry|volume=26|issue=6|pages=46–47, 49|issn=1075-475X|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ITgEAAAAMBAJ&amp;pg=PA46|access-date=December 20, 2011}}<br /> *{{cite news|author=Smolenyak, Megan|date=May 9, 2011|title=Tracing Barack Obama's Roots to Moneygall|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/megan-smolenyak-smolenyak/tracing-barack-obamas-roo_b_859151.html|work=[[The Huffington Post]]|access-date=May 19, 2011|archive-date=September 15, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180915183446/https://www.huffingtonpost.com/megan-smolenyak-smolenyak/tracing-barack-obamas-roo_b_859151.html|url-status=live}}<br /> *{{cite news|author1=Rising, David|author2=Noelting, Christoph|date=June 4, 2009|title=Researchers: Obama has German roots|newspaper=USAToday.com|url=https://www.usatoday.com/news/washington/2009-06-04-obama-roots_N.htm|access-date=May 13, 2010|archive-date=December 7, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231207151407/https://www.usatoday.com/news/washington/2009-06-04-obama-roots_N.htm|url-status=live}}<br /> *{{cite news|last1=Hutton|first1=Brian|agency=Press Association of Ireland|last2=Nickerson|first2=Matthew|date=May 3, 2007|title=For sure, Obama's South Side Irish; One of his roots traces back to small village|newspaper=Chicago Sun-Times|page=3|format=paid archive|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=CSTB&amp;p_theme=cstb&amp;p_action=search&amp;p_maxdocs=200&amp;s_dispstring=%28For%20sure%29%20%28%20Obama%27s%20South%20Side%20Irish%29%20AND%20date%28all%29&amp;p_field_advanced-0=&amp;p_text_advanced-0=%28For%20sure%29%20%28%20Obama%27s%20South%20Side%20Irish%29&amp;xcal_numdocs=20&amp;p_perpage=10&amp;p_sort=YMD_date%3AD&amp;xcal_useweights=no|access-date=November 24, 2008|archive-date=April 12, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190412150320/http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=CSTB&amp;p_theme=cstb&amp;p_action=search&amp;p_maxdocs=200&amp;s_dispstring=%28For%20sure%29%20%28%20Obama%27s%20South%20Side%20Irish%29%20AND%20date%28all%29&amp;p_field_advanced-0=&amp;p_text_advanced-0=%28For%20sure%29%20%28%20Obama%27s%20South%20Side%20Irish%29&amp;xcal_numdocs=20&amp;p_perpage=10&amp;p_sort=YMD_date%3AD&amp;xcal_useweights=no|url-status=live}}<br /> *{{cite news|author=Jordon, Mary|date=May 13, 2007|title=Tiny Irish village is latest place to claim Obama as its own|newspaper=The Washington Post|page=A14|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/05/12/AR2007051201551.html|access-date=May 13, 2007|archive-date=April 5, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190405183959/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/05/12/AR2007051201551.html|url-status=live}}<br /> *{{cite news|author=David Williamson|date=July 5, 2008|url=http://www.walesonline.co.uk/news/welsh-politics/welsh-politics-news/2008/07/05/genealogists-discover-a-red-dragon-breathing-fire-in-us-presidential-candidate-s-past-91466-21266440/|title=Wales link in US presidential candidate's past|newspaper=www.walesonline.co.uk|access-date=April 30, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110521140204/http://www.walesonline.co.uk/news/welsh-politics/welsh-politics-news/2008/07/05/genealogists-discover-a-red-dragon-breathing-fire-in-us-presidential-candidate-s-past-91466-21266440/|archive-date=May 21, 2011|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Wild Bill Hickok]] was her sixth cousin, five times removed.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.americanancestors.org/uploadedFiles/American_Ancestors/Content/Marketing/Press_Release_PDFs/obama_hickok_press_release.pdf Boston Genealogical Society Confirms Obama and &quot;Wild Bill&quot; Hickok Are Cousins] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130404090416/http://www.americanancestors.org/uploadedFiles/American_Ancestors/Content/Marketing/Press_Release_PDFs/obama_hickok_press_release.pdf |date=April 4, 2013}} New England Historic<br /> Genealogical Society, July 30, 2008.&lt;/ref&gt; [[Ancestry.com]] claimed on July 30, 2012, after using a combination of old documents and [[yDNA]] analysis, that Dunham's mother was descended from [[John Punch (slave)|John Punch]], an African slave in seventeenth-century colonial Virginia.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://c.mfcreative.com/offer/us/obama_bunch/PDF/press_release_final.pdf |title=Press Release: Ancestry.com Discovers President Obama Related to First Documented Slave in America: Research Connects First African-American President to First African Slave in the American Colonies. |access-date=March 24, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121120134003/http://c.mfcreative.com/offer/us/obama_bunch/PDF/press_release_final.pdf |archive-date=November 20, 2012 |url-status=dead}}<br /> *{{cite web |url=http://c.mfcreative.com/offer/us/obama_bunch/PDF/main_article_final.pdf |title=Documenting President Barack Obama's Maternal African-American Ancestry:Tracing His Mother's Bunch Ancestry to the First Slave in America |last1=Harman |first1=Anatasia |last2=Cottrill |first2=Natalie D. |last3=Reed |first3=Paul C. |last4=Shumway |first4=Joseph |date=July 15, 2012 |website=Ancestry.com |access-date=September 10, 2013 |quote=Most people will be surprised to learn that U.S. President Barack Obama has African-American ancestry through his mother. |archive-date=July 31, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130731000603/http://c.mfcreative.com/offer/us/obama_bunch/PDF/main_article_final.pdf |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Her parents were born in Kansas and met in Wichita, where they married on May 5, 1940.&lt;ref name=sungene&gt;{{cite news |author1=Fornek, Scott |author2=Good, Greg |date=September 9, 2007 |title=The Obama family tree |work=Chicago Sun-Times |page=2B |url=http://www.suntimes.com/images/cds/MP3/obamatree.pdf |archive-date=June 25, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080625113616/http://www.suntimes.com/images/cds/MP3/obamatree.pdf |access-date=February 13, 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt; After the [[attack on Pearl Harbor]], her father joined the [[United States Army]], and her mother worked at a [[Boeing]] plant in Wichita.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |author=Nakaso, Dan |date=November 4, 2008 |title=Barack Obama's grandma, 86, dies of cancer before election |work=The Honolulu Advertiser |url=http://the.honoluluadvertiser.com/article/2008/Nov/04/ln/hawaii811040331.html |access-date=February 13, 2009 |archive-date=June 6, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190606154327/http://the.honoluluadvertiser.com/article/2008/Nov/04/ln/hawaii811040331.html |url-status=live}}&lt;br /&gt;{{cite news |author=Nakaso, Dan |date=November 11, 2008 |title=Day, time of Dunham death clarified |work=The Honolulu Advertiser |url=http://the.honoluluadvertiser.com/article/2008/Nov/11/ln/hawaii811110356.html |access-date=February 13, 2009 |archive-date=July 30, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180730080540/http://the.honoluluadvertiser.com/article/2008/Nov/11/ln/hawaii811110356.html |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; According to Dunham, she was named after her father because he wanted a son, though her relatives doubt this story. Her maternal uncle recalled that her mother named Dunham after her favorite actress [[Bette Davis]]' character (Stanley Timberlake) in the film ''[[In This Our Life]]'' because she thought Stanley, as a girl's name, sounded sophisticated.{{sfn|Scott|2011|pp=40–42}} As a child and teenager, she was known as Stanley.{{sfn|Scott|2011|p=6}} Other children teased her about her name. Nonetheless, she used it through high school, &quot;apologizing for it each time she introduced herself in a new town.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;ripley&quot;&gt;{{cite magazine |author = Ripley, Amanda |date = April 9, 2008|title = The story of Barack Obama's mother|magazine = Time|url = http://www.time.com/time/nation/article/0,8599,1729524,00.html|access-date = August 27, 2009|url-status = dead|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120401230800/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1729685,00.html|archive-date = April 1, 2012}}{{cite magazine |author=Ripley, Amanda |date=April 21, 2008 |title=A mother's story |magazine=Time |volume=171 |issue=16 |pages=36–40, 42}}&lt;/ref&gt; By the time Dunham began attending college, she was known by her middle name, Ann, instead.{{sfn|Scott|2011|p=6}}<br /> <br /> After [[World War II]], Dunham's family moved from Wichita to California while her father attended the [[University of California, Berkeley]]. In 1948, they moved to [[Ponca City, Oklahoma]], and from there to [[Vernon, Texas]], and then to [[El Dorado, Kansas]].&lt;ref&gt;Jones 2007. See also: {{cite news |agency=Associated Press |date=February 8, 2009 |title=Obama's grandparents, mother lived in Oklahoma |location=Tulsa |publisher=[[KOTV-DT|KOTV]] 6 News (CBS) |url=http://www.newson6.com/global/story.asp?s=9808991 |access-date=December 30, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180730110359/http://www.newson6.com/global/story.asp?s=9808991 |archive-date=July 30, 2018 |url-status=dead }} Also: {{cite news |author=Stewart, Linda |date=February 15, 2009 |title={{-'}}Connections everywhere': Barack Obama's mother spent time in Vernon as child |location=Wichita Falls |work=[[Times Record News]] |url=http://www.timesrecordnews.com/news/2009/feb/15/barack-obamas-mother-spent-time-in-vernon-as |access-date=January 29, 2011 |archive-date=July 17, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120717004132/http://www.timesrecordnews.com/news/2009/feb/15/barack-obamas-mother-spent-time-in-vernon-as/ |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; In 1955, the family moved to [[Seattle]], Washington, where her father was employed as a furniture salesman and her mother worked as vice president of a bank. They lived in an apartment complex in the [[Wedgwood, Seattle|Wedgwood]] neighborhood where she attended [[Nathan Eckstein Middle School|Nathan Eckstein Junior High School]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Dougherty 2009&quot;&gt;{{cite web |author=Dougherty, Phil |date=February 7, 2009 |title=Stanley Ann Dunham, mother of Barack Obama, graduates from Mercer Island High School in 1960 |location=Seattle |publisher=[[HistoryLink]].org |url=http://www.historylink.org/index.cfm?DisplayPage=pf_output.cfm&amp;file_id=8897 |access-date=February 13, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110604010644/http://www.historylink.org/index.cfm?DisplayPage=pf_output.cfm&amp;file_id=8897 |archive-date=June 4, 2011 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In 1957, Dunham's family moved to [[Mercer Island]], an [[Eastside (King County, Washington)|Eastside]] suburb of Seattle. Dunham's parents wanted their daughter to attend the newly opened [[Mercer Island High School]].&lt;ref name=&quot;notjustagirl&quot;&gt;{{cite news |author=Jones, Tim |date=March 27, 2007 |title=Barack Obama: mother not just a girl from Kansas; Stanley Ann Dunham shaped a future senator |work=Chicago Tribune |page=1 (Tempo) |url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/politics/obama/chi-0703270151mar27-archive,0,5853572,full.story |access-date=February 16, 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/66cdqjbue?url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/politics/obama/chi-0703270151mar27-archive,0,5853572,full.story |archive-date=April 2, 2012 |df=mdy-all}}<br /> *{{cite web |date=March 27, 2007 |title=Video: Reflections on Obama's mother (02:34) |work=Chicago Tribune |url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/video/?autoStart=true&amp;topVideoCatNo=default&amp;clipId=1323174 |access-date=February 16, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090329233625/http://www.chicagotribune.com/video/?autoStart=true&amp;topVideoCatNo=default&amp;clipId=1323174 |archive-date=March 29, 2009 |url-status=live}}<br /> *{{cite web |date=March 27, 2007 |title=Video: Jim Wichterman reflects on his former student (02:03) |work=Chicago Tribune |url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/video/?autoStart=true&amp;topVideoCatNo=default&amp;clipId=1323768 |access-date=February 16, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090329233630/http://www.chicagotribune.com/video/?autoStart=true&amp;topVideoCatNo=default&amp;clipId=1323768 |archive-date=March 29, 2009 |url-status=live}}<br /> *{{cite web |date=March 27, 2007 |title=Video: She changed his diapers (01:02) |work=Chicago Tribune |url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/video/?autoStart=true&amp;topVideoCatNo=default&amp;clipId=1323682 |access-date=February 16, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090330185245/http://www.chicagotribune.com/video/?autoStart=true&amp;topVideoCatNo=default&amp;clipId=1323682 |archive-date=March 30, 2009 |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; At the school, teachers Val Foubert and Jim Wichterman taught the importance of challenging social norms and questioning authority to the young Dunham, and she took the lessons to heart: &quot;She felt she didn't need to date or marry or have children.&quot; One classmate remembered her as &quot;intellectually way more mature than we were and a little bit ahead of her time, in an off-center way&quot;,&lt;ref name=&quot;notjustagirl&quot; /&gt; and a high school friend described her as knowledgeable and progressive: &quot;If you were concerned about something going wrong in the world, Stanley would know about it first. We were liberals before we knew what liberals were.&quot; Another called her &quot;the original feminist&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;notjustagirl&quot; /&gt; She went through high school &quot;reading beatnik poets and French existentialists&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;Obama, Barack (2020) [[A Promised Land]]. Crown. page 15. {{ISBN|978-1524763169}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Family life and marriages==<br /> {{further|Family of Barack Obama}}<br /> [[File:Ann Dunham with father and children.jpg|thumb|Stanley Armour Dunham, Ann Dunham, Maya Soetoro and Barack Obama, mid-1970s (left to right)]]<br /> On August 21, 1959, Hawaii became the 50th state to be admitted into the Union. Dunham's parents sought business opportunities in the new state, and after graduating from high school in 1960, Dunham and her family moved to [[Honolulu]]. Dunham enrolled at the [[University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa]].&lt;ref name=&quot;dfmf&quot;&gt;{{cite book |author=Obama, Barack |orig-year=1995|year=2004 |title=Dreams from my father: a story of race and inheritance |location=New York |publisher=Three Rivers Press |isbn=978-1-4000-8277-3 |page=[https://archive.org/details/dreamsfrommyfath00obam/page/9 9]|title-link=Dreams from My Father}}<br /> *Mendell (2007), page 27.<br /> *{{cite book |author1=Glauberman, Stu |author2=Burris, Jerry |year=2008 |title=The dream begins: how Hawai'i shaped Barack Obama |location=Honolulu |publisher=Watermark Publishing |isbn=978-0-9815086-8-9 |page=25}}<br /> *{{cite news |author=Jacobs, Sally |date=September 21, 2008 |title=A father's charm, absence; friends recall Barack Obama Sr. as a self-confident, complex dreamer whose promising life ended in tragedy |newspaper=The Boston Globe |page=1A |url=https://www.boston.com/news/politics/2008/articles/2008/09/21/a_fathers_charm_absence/?page=full |access-date=December 5, 2008 |archive-date=January 30, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090130142531/http://www.boston.com/news/politics/2008/articles/2008/09/21/a_fathers_charm_absence/?page=full |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;maraniss&quot;&gt;{{cite news |author=Maraniss, David |date=August 22, 2008 |title=Though Obama had to leave to find himself, it is Hawaii that made his rise possible |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/08/22/AR2008082201679_pf.html |access-date=December 5, 2008 |archive-date=September 1, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190901124824/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/08/22/AR2008082201679_pf.html |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===First marriage===<br /> While attending a [[Russian language]] class, Dunham met [[Barack Obama Sr.]], the school's first African student.&lt;ref name=&quot;dfmf&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;maraniss&quot;/&gt; Dunham and Obama Sr. were married on the Hawaiian island of [[Maui]] on February 2, 1961, despite parental opposition from both families.&lt;ref name=notjustagirl/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Meacham&quot;&gt;{{cite news |author=Meacham, Jon |date=August 23, 2008 |title=On his own |publisher=newsweek.com |url=http://www.newsweek.com/2008/08/22/on-his-own.html |access-date=July 27, 2010| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100723152200/http://www.newsweek.com/2008/08/22/on-his-own.html| archive-date= July 23, 2010 | url-status= live}} (online)&lt;br /&gt;{{cite journal |author=Meacham, Jon |date=September 1, 2008 |title=On his own |journal=Newsweek |volume=152 |issue=9 |pages=26–36}} (&quot;Special Democratic Convention issue&quot;) (print)&lt;/ref&gt; Dunham was three months pregnant.&lt;ref name=notjustagirl/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ripley&quot;/&gt; Obama Sr. eventually informed Dunham about his first marriage in Kenya but claimed he was divorced. Years later she discovered this was false.&lt;ref name=&quot;maraniss&quot; /&gt; Obama Sr.'s first wife, Kezia, later said she had granted her consent for him to marry a second wife in keeping with [[Luo (Kenya and Tanzania)#Marriage customs|Luo]] customs.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |author=Oywa, John |date=November 10, 2008 |title=Keziah Obama: My life with Obama Senior |newspaper=The Standard (Kenya) |quote=in keeping with the Luo customs, Obama Senior sought her consent to take another wife, which she granted. }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> On August 4, 1961, at the age of 18, Dunham gave birth to her first child, Barack Obama, in Honolulu.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|author1=Henig, Jess |author2=Miller, Joe |date=August 21, 2008 |title=Born in the U.S.A. |location=Washington, D.C. |publisher=[[FactCheck]].org |url=http://www.factcheck.org/elections-2008/born_in_the_usa.html |access-date=October 24, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081025003852/http://www.factcheck.org/elections-2008/born_in_the_usa.html |archive-date=October 25, 2008 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Friends in the state of Washington recall her visiting with her month-old baby in 1961.&lt;ref name=&quot;Brodeur&quot;&gt;{{cite news |author=Brodeur, Nicole |date=February 5, 2008 |title=Memories of Obama's mother |work=The Seattle Times |page=B1 |url=http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/localnews/2004164387_brodeur05m.html |access-date=February 13, 2009| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20090224045117/http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/localnews/2004164387_brodeur05m.html| archive-date= February 24, 2009 | url-status= live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;uncommon&quot;&gt;{{cite news|author=Martin, Jonathan |date=April 8, 2008 |title=Obama's mother known here as &quot;uncommon&quot; |work=The Seattle Times |page=A1 |url=http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/politics/2004334057_obama08m.html |access-date=February 13, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090207073451/http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/politics/2004334057_obama08m.html |archive-date=February 7, 2009 |url-status=dead}}<br /> *{{cite news |author=Montgomery, Rick |date=May 26, 2008 |title=Barack Obama's mother wasn't just a girl from Kansas |newspaper=The Kansas City Star |page=A1 |url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_multi=KC&amp;p_product=KC&amp;p_theme=realcities2&amp;p_action=search&amp;p_maxdocs=200&amp;s_site=kansascity&amp;s_dispstring=title(Barack%20Obama's%20mother%20wasn't%20just%20a%20girl%20from%20Kansas)%20AND%20date(05/26/2008%20to%2005/26/2008)&amp;p_field_date-0=YMD_date&amp;p_params_date-0=date:B,E&amp;p_text_date-0=05/26/2008%20to%2005/26/2008)&amp;p_field_advanced-0=title&amp;p_text_advanced-0=(Barack%20Obama's%20mother%20wasn't%20just%20a%20girl%20from%20Kansas)&amp;xcal_numdocs=20&amp;p_perpage=10&amp;p_sort=YMD_date:D&amp;xcal_useweights=no |access-date=February 13, 2009}}<br /> *{{cite web |date=March 27, 2007 |title=Video: She changed his diapers (01:02) |work=Chicago Tribune |url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/video/?autoStart=true&amp;topVideoCatNo=default&amp;clipId=1323682 |access-date=February 16, 2009| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20090330185245/http://www.chicagotribune.com/video/?autoStart=true&amp;topVideoCatNo=default&amp;clipId=1323682| archive-date= March 30, 2009 | url-status= live}} Susan Blake [Botkin] (Stanley Ann Dunham's high school classmate)&lt;/ref&gt; She studied at the [[University of Washington]] from September 1961 to June 1962, and lived as a single mother in the [[Capitol Hill, Seattle|Capitol Hill]] neighborhood of Seattle with her son while her husband continued his studies in Hawaii.&lt;ref name=&quot;Dougherty 2009&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;uncommon&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Charlette LeFevre&quot;&gt;{{cite news |last=LeFevre |first=Charlette |date=January 9, 2009 |title=Barack Obama: from Capitol Hill to Capitol Hill |newspaper=Capitol Hill Times |url=http://northseattleherald-outlook.com/main.asp?SectionID=9&amp;SubSectionID=256&amp;ArticleID=27447 |access-date=March 9, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150227005321/http://northseattleherald-outlook.com/main.asp?SectionID=9&amp;SubSectionID=256&amp;ArticleID=27447 |archive-date=February 27, 2015 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Lipson&quot;&gt;{{cite web |author=LeFevre, Charlette |author2=Lipson, Philip |date=January 28, 2009 |title=Baby sitting Barack Obama on Seattle's Capitol Hill |page=3 |work=[[Seattle Gay News]] |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/seattle-gay-news-baby-sitting-barack-oba/138631136/ |via=Newspapers.com |accessdate=January 12, 2024 |archive-date=January 13, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240113072426/https://www.newspapers.com/article/seattle-gay-news-baby-sitting-barack-oba/138631136/ |url-status=live}} Both Anna Obama and Joseph Toutonghi were listed as residing at the same address, in the ''Seattle Reverse Directory, 1961–1962.'' See:&lt;br /&gt;{{cite web |author=Dougherty, Phil |date=February 7, 2009 |title=Stanley Ann Dunham, mother of Barack Obama, graduates from Mercer Island High School in 1960 |location=Seattle |publisher=[[HistoryLink]].org |url=http://www.historylink.org/index.cfm?DisplayPage=pf_output.cfm&amp;file_id=8897 |access-date=February 13, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110604010644/http://www.historylink.org/index.cfm?DisplayPage=pf_output.cfm&amp;file_id=8897 |archive-date=June 4, 2011 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; When Obama Sr. graduated from the [[University of Hawaiʻi]] in June 1962,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |author=Meacham, Jon |date=August 23, 2008 |title=On his own |magazine=Newsweek |url=http://www.newsweek.com/2008/08/22/on-his-own.html |access-date=November 14, 2008 |archive-date=July 23, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100723152200/http://www.newsweek.com/2008/08/22/on-his-own.html |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; he left for [[Cambridge, Massachusetts]], where he began graduate study at [[Harvard University]] in fall 1962.&lt;ref name=&quot;maraniss&quot; /&gt; Dunham returned to Honolulu and resumed her undergraduate education at the University of Hawaii with the spring semester in January 1963. During this time, her parents helped her raise her child. Dunham filed for divorce in January 1964 and Obama Sr. did not contest.&lt;ref name=&quot;ripley&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Second marriage===<br /> At the [[East–West Center]], Dunham met [[Lolo Soetoro]],&lt;ref name=&quot;Solomon 2008&quot;&gt;{{cite news| author=Solomon, Deborah |date=January 20, 2008 |title=Questions for Maya Soetoro-Ng: All in the family |work=The New York Times Magazine |page=17 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/01/20/magazine/20wwln-Q4-t.html |access-date=February 13, 2009| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20090212004108/http://www.nytimes.com/2008/01/20/magazine/20wwln-Q4-t.html| archive-date= February 12, 2009 | url-status= live}}&lt;/ref&gt; a [[Javanese people|Javanese]]&lt;ref name=&quot;anthropology&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |author1=Dewey, Alice |author2=White, Geoffrey |date=November 2008 |title=Ann Dunham: a personal reflection |journal=Anthropology News |volume=49 |issue=8 |page=20 |doi=10.1111/an.2008.49.8.20 |access-date=August 23, 2009 |url=http://www.anthropology.hawaii.edu/News/Announcements/Dunham/dunham.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100610025012/http://www.anthropology.hawaii.edu/News/Announcements/Dunham/dunham.html |archive-date=June 10, 2010 |url-access=subscription}} Reprinted by: {{cite web |date=December 9, 2008 |title=Spotlight on Alumni: EWC Alumna Ann Dunham— Mother to President Obama and Champion of Women's Rights and Economic Justice |location=Honolulu, HI |publisher=[[East–West Center]] |url=http://www.eastwestcenter.org/news-center/web-articles/spotlight-on-alumni-ewc-alumna-ann-dunham-mother-to-president-obama-and-champion-of-womens-rights-and-e |access-date=March 9, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121012020438/http://www.eastwestcenter.org/news-center/web-articles/spotlight-on-alumni-ewc-alumna-ann-dunham-mother-to-president-obama-and-champion-of-womens-rights-and-e |archive-date=October 12, 2012 |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; surveyor who came to Honolulu in September 1962. In 1965, Soetoro and Dunham were married in Hawaii, and in 1966, Soetoro returned to Indonesia. Dunham graduated from the University of Hawaiʻi with a B.A. in anthropology on August 6, 1967, and moved in October the same year with her son to [[Jakarta]], Indonesia, to rejoin her husband.&lt;ref name=freespirit&gt;{{cite news |author=Scott, Janny |date=March 14, 2008 |title=A free-spirited wanderer who set Obama's path |work=The New York Times |page=A1 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/03/14/us/politics/14obama.html |access-date=February 13, 2009 |archive-date=April 1, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090401222446/http://www.nytimes.com/2008/03/14/us/politics/14obama.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The family first lived in a newly built neighborhood in the Menteng Dalam [[Administrative Village (Indonesia)|administrative village]] of the [[Tebet, South Jakarta|Tebet]] [[subdistricts of Indonesia|subdistrict]] in [[South Jakarta]] for two and a half years. In 1970 they moved to the Matraman Dalam neighborhood in the Pegangsaan administrative village of the [[Menteng]] subdistrict in [[Central Jakarta]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |author=Higgins, Andrew |date=April 9, 2010 |title=Catholic school in Indonesia seeks recognition for its role in Obama's life |page=A1 |newspaper=The Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/story/2010/04/08/ST2010040805888.html?sid=ST2010040805888 |access-date=January 1, 2011 |archive-date=November 11, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121111194003/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/story/2010/04/08/ST2010040805888.html?sid=ST2010040805888 |url-status=live}}<br /> *{{cite news |author=Onishi, Norimitsu |date=November 9, 2010 |title=Obama visits a nation that knew him as Barry |newspaper=The New York Times |page=A14 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/11/09/world/asia/09indo.html |access-date=January 1, 2011 |archive-date=April 30, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110430031746/http://www.nytimes.com/2010/11/09/world/asia/09indo.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; On August 15, 1970, Soetoro and Dunham had a daughter, [[Maya Soetoro-Ng|Maya Kassandra Soetoro]].&lt;ref name=sungene/&gt; Dunham enriched her son's education with [[correspondence course]]s in English, recordings of [[Mahalia Jackson]], and speeches by [[Martin Luther King Jr.]] In 1971, she sent Obama back to Hawaii to attend [[Punahou School]].&lt;ref name=freespirit /&gt; In August 1972, Dunham and her daughter moved back to Hawaii so Dunham could begin graduate study in anthropology at the University of Hawaii at Manoa. Dunham's graduate work was supported by an [[The Asia Foundation|Asia Foundation]] grant from August 1972 to July 1973 and by an East–West Center Technology and Development Institute grant from August 1973 to December 1978.&lt;ref name=&quot;Mizan 2008&quot;&gt;{{cite book |author=Dunham, S. Ann |year=2008 |title=Pendekar-pendekar besi Nusantara: kajian antropologi tentang pandai besi tradisional di Indonesia (Peasant blacksmithing in Indonesia: surviving and thriving against all odds) |location=Bandung |publisher=Mizan |isbn=978-979-433-534-5 |chapter=Tentang penulis (About the author) |pages=211–219}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Dunham completed her coursework at the University of Hawaiʻi for an M.A. in anthropology in December 1974.&lt;ref name=&quot;anthropology&quot;/&gt; She spent three years in Hawaii, then returned to Indonesia in 1975 with her daughter to do anthropological field work.&lt;ref name=&quot;Mizan 2008&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;January 8, 1976, letter&quot;&gt;{{cite book |author1=Dunham, S. Ann |author2=Dewey, Alice G. |author3=Cooper, Nancy I. |year=2009 |title=Surviving against the odds: village industry in Indonesia |location=Durham, North Catolina |publisher=Duke University Press |isbn=978-0-8223-4687-6 |chapter=January 8, 1976, letter from Ann Dunham Soetoro (Jl. Polowijan 3, Kraton, Yogyakarta) to Prof. [[Alice G. Dewey]] (University of Hawaiʻi, Honolulu) |pages=xli–xliv}}<br /> *{{cite book |author1=Sutoro, Ann Dunham |author2=Haryanto, Roes |year=1990 |title=BRI briefing booklet: Kupedes development impact survey |location=Jakarta |publisher=Bank Rakyat Indonesia}}&lt;/ref&gt; Lolo Soetoro and Dunham divorced on November 5, 1980; Lolo Soetoro married Erna Kustina in 1980 and had two children, a son, Yusuf Aji Soetoro (born 1981), and daughter, Rahayu Nurmaida Soetoro (born 1987).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |author=Habib, Ridlawn |date=November 6, 2008 |title=Keluarga besar Lolo Soetoro, kerabat dekat calon Presiden Amerika di Jakarta (Lolo Soetoro's extended family, close relatives to American Presidential nominee in Jakarta) |newspaper=Jawa Pos |url=http://www.jpnn.com/?mib=berita.detail&amp;id=9368 |access-date=January 1, 2011 |archive-date=June 24, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160624211401/http://www.jpnn.com/?mib=berita.detail&amp;id=9368 |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dunham was not estranged from either ex-husband and encouraged her children to feel connected to their fathers.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |author=Staunton, Denis |date=November 6, 2008 |title=Easy-going youth who put passion into politics |newspaper=The Irish Times |page=51 |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/world/2008/1106/1225893547780.html |access-date=August 21, 2009 |archive-date=October 26, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101026191131/http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/world/2008/1106/1225893547780.html |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Professional life==<br /> ===Early career (1968–1975)===<br /> Dunham taught English in [[Central Jakarta]] from 1968 to 1972. She was also assistant director of the Indonesia-America Friendship Institute&lt;ref name=&quot;Mizan 2008&quot;/&gt; and later a department head and director of the Institute of Management Education and Development.&lt;ref name=&quot;Mizan 2008&quot;/&gt; During this same time, Dunham co-founded the Ganesha Volunteers (Indonesian Heritage Society) at the [[National Museum (Indonesia)|National Museum]] in Jakarta.&lt;ref name=&quot;Mizan 2008&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |author=Van Dam, Emma |date=September 28, 2009 |title=Exploring the 'real' Indonesia with the Heritage Society |newspaper=The Jakarta Post |url=http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2009/09/28/exploring-%E2%80%98real%E2%80%99-indonesia-with-heritage-society.html |access-date=January 1, 2011 |archive-date=March 5, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305003155/http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2009/09/28/exploring-%E2%80%98real%E2%80%99-indonesia-with-heritage-society.html |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; She was also a crafts instructor in weaving, [[batik]], and dye at the [[Bernice P. Bishop Museum|Bishop Museum]] in Honolulu from 1972 to 1975.&lt;ref name=&quot;Mizan 2008&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Development (1977–1984)===<br /> She worked in [[rural development]], championing women's work and [[microcredit]] for the world's poor with leaders from organizations supporting [[Human rights in Indonesia|Indonesian human rights]], [[Women's rights in Indonesia|women's rights]], and grass-roots [[Economic history of Indonesia|development]].&lt;ref name=freespirit /&gt; In March 1977, under the supervision of agricultural economics professor Leon A. Mears, she developed and taught a short lecture course at the Faculty of Economics of the [[University of Indonesia]] (FEUI) in Jakarta for staff members of the [[Ministry of National Development Planning of Indonesia|Indonesian National Development Planning Agency]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Mizan 2008&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> She was a short-term consultant in the office of the [[International Labour Organization]] (ILO) in Jakarta, writing recommendations on village industries and other non-agricultural enterprises for the Indonesian government's third five-year development plan (REPELITA III) between May and June 1978.&lt;ref name=&quot;Mizan 2008&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Dunham 2009&quot;/&gt; Dunham worked as a rural industries consultant in Central Java on the [[Ministry of Industry (Indonesia)|Indonesian Ministry of Industry]]'s Provincial Development Program (PDP I) from October 1978 to December 1980. The program was funded by the [[United States Agency for International Development]] and implemented through [[Development Alternatives Incorporated|Development Alternatives, Inc.]] (DAI).&lt;ref name=&quot;Mizan 2008&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Dunham 2009&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> Dunham was the program officer for women and employment in the [[Ford Foundation]]'s Southeast Asia regional office in Jakarta from January 1981 to November 1984.&lt;ref name=&quot;Mizan 2008&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Dunham 2009&quot;/&gt; While at the Ford Foundation, she developed a model of [[microfinance]] which is now the standard in Indonesia, a country that is a world leader in micro-credit systems.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |author=Kampfner, Judith |date=September 15, 2009 |title=Dreams from my mother |location=London |publisher=BBC World Service |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/documentaries/2009/09/090915_dreams_from_my_mother.shtml |access-date=February 16, 2010 |archive-date=August 17, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180817084822/http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/documentaries/2009/09/090915_dreams_from_my_mother.shtml |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Peter Geithner, father of [[Tim Geithner]] (who later became [[United States Secretary of the Treasury|U.S. Secretary of the Treasury]] in her son's administration), was head of the foundation's Asia grant-making at that time.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |author=Wilhelm, Ian |date=December 3, 2008 |title=Ford Foundation links parents of Obama and Treasury secretary nominee |newspaper=The Chronicle of Philanthropy |url=http://philanthropy.com/news/government/index.php?id=6453 |access-date=December 20, 2008| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20081211165533/http://philanthropy.com/news/government/index.php?id=6453| archive-date= December 11, 2008 | url-status= live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===International consulting (1986–1995)===<br /> From May to November 1986 and from August to November 1987, Dunham was a cottage industries development consultant for the [[Zarai Taraqiati Bank Limited|Agricultural Development Bank of Pakistan]] (ADBP) under the Gujranwala Integrated Rural Development Project (GADP).&lt;ref name=&quot;Mizan 2008&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Dunham 2009&quot;/&gt; The credit component of the project was implemented in the [[Gujranwala District|Gujranwala]] district of the [[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab]] province of Pakistan with funding from the [[Asian Development Bank]] and [[International Fund for Agricultural Development]], with the credit component implemented through [[Louis Berger Group|Louis Berger International, Inc]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Mizan 2008&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Dunham 2009&quot;/&gt; Dunham worked closely with the [[Lahore]] office of the Punjab Small Industries Corporation (PSIC).&lt;ref name=&quot;Mizan 2008&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Dunham 2009&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> From January 1988 to 1995, Dunham was a consultant and research coordinator for Indonesia's oldest bank, [[Bank Rakyat Indonesia]] (BRI) in Jakarta, with her work funded by USAID and the [[World Bank]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Mizan 2008&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Dunham 2009&quot;/&gt; In March 1993, Dunham was a research and policy coordinator for [[Women's World Banking]] (WWB) in New York.&lt;ref name=&quot;Mizan 2008&quot;/&gt; She helped WWB manage the Expert Group Meeting on Women and Finance in New York in January 1994, and helped the WWB take prominent roles in the UN's [[Fourth World Conference on Women]] held September 4–15, 1995 in [[Beijing]], and in the UN regional conferences and NGO forums that preceded it.&lt;ref name=&quot;Mizan 2008&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Academic research==<br /> Dunham carried out research on village industries in the [[Special Region of Yogyakarta|Yogyakarta Special Region]] within [[Central Java]] in Indonesia under a student grant from the East–West Center from June 1977 through September 1978.&lt;ref name=&quot;Dunham 2009&quot;&gt;{{cite book |author1=Dunham, S. Ann |author2=Dewey, Alice G. |author3=Cooper, Nancy I. |year=2009 |title=Surviving against the odds: village industry in Indonesia |chapter=Appendix. Other projects undertaken by the author related to the present research |pages=299–301|location=Durham, North Carolina |publisher=Duke University Press |isbn=978-0-8223-4687-6}}&lt;/ref&gt; As a [[weaving|weaver]] herself, Dunham was interested in village industries, and moved to [[Yogyakarta (city)|Yogyakarta City]], the center of [[Java]]nese [[handicrafts]].&lt;ref name=&quot;January 8, 1976, letter&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> Dunham was awarded a [[PhD]] in [[anthropology]] from the University of Hawaiʻi on August 9, 1992. Her 1,043-page dissertation was completed under the supervision of [[Alice G. Dewey]].{{sfn|Scott|2011|p=292}} Titled ''Peasant blacksmithing in Indonesia: Surviving against all odds'',&lt;ref&gt;{{cite thesis |last=Dunham |first=S. Ann |title=Peasant blacksmithing in Indonesia: Surviving against all odds |location=Honolulu |institution=University of Hawaii |year=1992 |oclc=65874559 |id={{ProQuest|304001600}} |degree=PhD}}&lt;/ref&gt; it was described by anthropologist Michael Dove as &quot;a classic, in-depth, on-the-ground anthropological study of a 1,200-year-old industry&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;Dove&quot;&gt;{{cite news |last=Dove |first=Michael R. |date=August 11, 2009 |title=Dreams from his mother |newspaper=The New York Times |page=A21 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/08/11/opinion/11dove.html |access-date=August 11, 2009 |archive-date=September 27, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180927180803/https://www.nytimes.com/2009/08/11/opinion/11dove.html |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; According to Dove, Dunham's dissertation challenged popular perceptions regarding economically and politically marginalized groups, and countered the notions that the roots of poverty lie with the poor themselves and that cultural differences are responsible for the gap between less-developed countries and the industrialized West.&lt;ref name=&quot;Dove&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> [[Duke University Press]] published a new version of Dunham's dissertation as a book in December 2009. It was revised and edited by Dunham's graduate advisor [[Alice G. Dewey]] and Nancy I. Cooper, with a foreword by Dunham's daughter, [[Maya Soetoro-Ng]]. In his afterword, [[Boston University]] anthropologist Robert W. Hefner describes Dunham's research as &quot;prescient&quot; and her legacy as &quot;relevant today for anthropology, Indonesian studies, and engaged scholarship&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;duke&quot;&gt;{{cite news |date=May 4, 2009 |title=Book by President Barack Obama's mother to be published by Duke University Press |location=Durham, North Carolina, United States |publisher=[[Duke University]] |url=https://today.duke.edu/2009/05/obama_mom_book.html |access-date=March 9, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120806144850/http://today.duke.edu/2009/05/obama_mom_book.html |archive-date=August 6, 2012 |url-status=live}}<br /> *{{cite web |year=2009 |title=Details: ''Surviving against the odds: village industry in Indonesia'' by S. Ann Dunham |location=Durham, North Carolina|publisher=Duke University Press |url=http://www.dukeupress.edu/books.php3?isbn=978-0-8223-4687-6 |access-date=August 22, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100323064628/http://www.dukeupress.edu/books.php3?isbn=978-0-8223-4687-6 |archive-date=March 23, 2010 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; The book was launched at the 2009 annual meeting of the [[American Anthropological Association]] in Philadelphia with a special Presidential Panel on Dunham's work; the 2009 meeting was taped by [[C-SPAN]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |date=December 16, 2009 |title=C-SPAN airs 2009 presidential session on S. Ann Dunham |location=Arlington, Va. |publisher=American Anthropological Association |url=http://aaanet.org/issues/C-SPAN-Airs-2009-Presidential-Session-Honoring-Ann-Dunham.cfm |access-date=May 10, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100613104900/http://aaanet.org/issues/C-SPAN-Airs-2009-Presidential-Session-Honoring-Ann-Dunham.cfm |archive-date=June 13, 2010}}&lt;br /&gt;{{cite web |website=American Anthropological Association – 108th annual meeting – Philadelphia |date=December 3, 2009 |title=Panel on Ann Dunham's &quot;Surviving against the odds: village industry in Indonesia&quot; (video 1:57:18) |location=Washington, D.C. |publisher=[[Book TV]] |url=http://www.c-span.org/video/?290714-1/book-discussion-surviving-odds |access-date=April 5, 2015 |archive-date=July 15, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150715154748/http://www.c-span.org/video/?290714-1/book-discussion-surviving-odds |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Dunham produced a large amount of professional papers that are held in collections of the [[National Anthropological Archives]] (NAA). Her daughter donated a collection of them that is categorized as the ''S. Ann Dunham papers, 1965–2013''. This collection contains case studies, correspondence, field notebooks, lectures, photographs, reports, research files, research proposals, surveys, and floppy disks documenting her dissertation research on blacksmithing, as well as her professional work as a consultant for organizations such as the Ford Foundation and the Bank Rakyat Indonesia (BRI). They are housed at the [[Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History]]. Her field notes have been digitized and, in 2020, [[Smithsonian Magazine]] noted that an effort had been established for a project to transcribe them.&lt;ref&gt;Sexton, Courtney, ''[https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smithsonian-institution/help-transcribe-field-notes-penned-ann-dunham-pioneering-anthropologist-barack-obama-mother-180975310/ Help Transcribe Field Notes Penned by S. Ann Dunham, a Pioneering Anthropologist and Barack Obama's Mother] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804194828/https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smithsonian-institution/help-transcribe-field-notes-penned-ann-dunham-pioneering-anthropologist-barack-obama-mother-180975310/ |date=August 4, 2020}}'', [[Smithsonian Magazine]], July 15, 2020&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Illness and death==<br /> In late 1994, Dunham was living and working in Indonesia. One night, during dinner at a friend's house in Jakarta, she experienced stomach pain. A visit to a local physician led to an initial diagnosis of indigestion.&lt;ref name=&quot;ripley&quot;/&gt; Dunham returned to the United States in early 1995 and was examined at the [[Memorial Sloan–Kettering Cancer Center]] in New York City and diagnosed with [[uterine cancer]]. By this time, the cancer had spread to her ovaries.&lt;ref name=&quot;maraniss&quot; /&gt; She moved back to Hawaii to live near her widowed mother and died on November 7, 1995, 22 days short of her 53rd birthday.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Obituaries: Stanley Ann Dunham |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/273241962/?terms=Stanley%2BAnn%2BDunham |access-date=July 13, 2018 |newspaper=Honolulu Star-Bulletin |date=November 14, 1995 |page=C12 |archive-date=July 14, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180714023328/https://www.newspapers.com/image/273241962/?terms=Stanley+Ann+Dunham |url-status=live }}<br /> *{{cite news |title=Obituaries: Stanley Ann Dunham |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/265806989/?terms=Ann%2BDunham |access-date=July 13, 2018 |newspaper=The Honolulu Advertiser |date=November 17, 1995 |page=D6 |archive-date=July 14, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180714022122/https://www.newspapers.com/image/265806989/?terms=Ann+Dunham |url-status=live}}<br /> *{{cite news |author=Chipman, Kim |date=February 11, 2008 |title=Obama drive gets inspiration from his white mom born in Kansas |publisher=Bloomberg.com|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601087&amp;sid=aOOwMgWY_VIA |access-date=February 11, 2008}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=freespirit /&gt;&lt;ref name=mccormick&gt;{{cite news |author=McCormick, John |date=September 21, 2007 |title=Obama's mother in new ad |newspaper=Chicago Tribune |page= 3 |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/2007/09/21/obamas-mother-in-new-ad/ |access-date=January 17, 2008}}&lt;/ref&gt; Following a memorial service at the University of Hawaiʻi, Obama and his sister spread their mother's ashes in the Pacific Ocean at [[Koko Head|Lanai Lookout]] on the south side of [[Oahu]].&lt;ref name=freespirit /&gt; Obama scattered the ashes of his grandmother [[Madelyn Dunham]] in the same spot on December 23, 2008, weeks after his election to the presidency.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |date=December 24, 2008 |title=Obama bids farewell to grandmother (photo gallery) |newspaper=New York Post |url=http://www.nypost.com/p/news/national/item_KwpspRXF4w7dC0GEIWSNbN |access-date=December 25, 2008 |archive-date=October 22, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121022121049/http://www.nypost.com/p/news/national/item_KwpspRXF4w7dC0GEIWSNbN |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Obama talked about Dunham's death in a 30-second campaign advertisement (&quot;Mother&quot;) arguing for health care reform. The ad featured a photograph of Dunham holding a young Obama in her arms as Obama talks about her last days worrying about expensive medical bills.&lt;ref name=mccormick/&gt; The topic also came up in a 2007 speech in [[Santa Barbara, California|Santa Barbara]].&lt;ref name=mccormick/&gt; Dunham's employer-provided health insurance covered most of the costs of her medical treatment, leaving her to pay the deductible and uncovered expenses, which came to several hundred dollars per month. Her employer-provided disability insurance denied her claims for uncovered expenses because the insurance company said her cancer was a [[preexisting condition]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last=Gerhart|first=Ann|date=July 14, 2011|title=Obama's mother had health insurance, according to biography|newspaper=The Washington Post|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/obamas-mother-had-health-insurance-according-to-biography/2011/07/14/gIQAUFm7EI_story.html|access-date=June 2, 2012|archive-date=April 5, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120405134936/http://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/obamas-mother-had-health-insurance-according-to-biography/2011/07/14/gIQAUFm7EI_story.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{sfn|Scott|2011|pp=328–336}}<br /> <br /> ==Personal beliefs==<br /> {{quote box|width=30%|align=right|quote=She felt that somehow, wandering through uncharted territory, we might stumble upon something that will, in an instant, seem to represent who we are at the core. That was very much her philosophy of life — to not be limited by fear or narrow definitions, to not build walls around ourselves and to do our best to find kinship and beauty in unexpected places.|source=Maya Soetoro-Ng&lt;ref name=freespirit /&gt;}}<br /> In his 1995 memoir ''[[Dreams from My Father]]'', Barack Obama wrote, &quot;My mother's confidence in needlepoint virtues depended on a faith I didn't possess... In a land [Indonesia] where fatalism remained a necessary tool for enduring hardship&amp;nbsp;... she was a lonely witness for [[secular humanism]], a soldier for [[New Deal]], [[Peace Corps]], position-paper liberalism.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |author=De Zutter, Hank |date=December 8, 1995 |title=What makes Obama run? |newspaper=Chicago Reader |url=http://www.chicagoreader.com/features/stories/archive/barackobama |access-date=April 1, 2008| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20080502105710/http://www.chicagoreader.com/features/stories/archive/barackobama| archive-date= May 2, 2008 | url-status= dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; In his 2006 book ''[[The Audacity of Hope]]'' Obama wrote, &quot;I was not raised in a religious household&amp;nbsp;... My mother's own experiences&amp;nbsp;... only reinforced this inherited skepticism. Her memories of the Christians who populated her youth were not fond ones&amp;nbsp;... And yet for all her professed secularism, my mother was in many ways the most spiritually awakened person that I've ever known.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|author=Obama, Barack |date=October 15, 2006 |title=Book excerpt (from ''The Audacity of Hope'') |magazine=Time |url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1546298,00.html |access-date=February 28, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080314050040/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0%2C9171%2C1546298%2C00.html |archive-date=March 14, 2008 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; &quot;Religion for her was &quot;just one of the many ways—and not necessarily the best way—that man attempted to control the unknowable and understand the deeper truths about our lives,&quot; Obama wrote.&lt;ref name=&quot;csmonitor&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |author=Sabar, Ariel |date=July 16, 2007 |title=Barack Obama: Putting faith out front |newspaper=The Christian Science Monitor |page=1 |url=https://www.csmonitor.com/2007/0716/p01s01-uspo.htm |access-date=June 1, 2008| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20080703200624/http://www.csmonitor.com/2007/0716/p01s01-uspo.htm| archive-date= July 3, 2008 | url-status= live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Maxine Box, Dunham's best friend in high school, recalled that Dunham openly identified as an atheist and was intellectually engaged with the topic and other subjects well in advance of her peers.&lt;ref name=notjustagirl/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |author=Jones, Tim |date=March 27, 2007|title=Family portraits – Strong personalities shaped a future senator, Barack Obama |newspaper=Chicago Tribune |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/2007/03/27/family-portraits-2/}}&lt;/ref&gt; On the other hand, Dunham's daughter, Maya Soetoro-Ng, when asked later if her mother was an atheist, said, &quot;I wouldn't have called her an atheist. She was an agnostic. She basically gave us all the good books—the Bible, the Hindu ''[[Upanishads]]'' and the [[Buddhist texts|Buddhist scripture]], the ''[[Tao Te Ching]]''—and wanted us to recognize that everyone has something beautiful to contribute.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;Solomon 2008&quot;/&gt; &quot;Jesus, she felt, was a wonderful example. But she felt that a lot of Christians behaved in un-Christian ways.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;csmonitor&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> In a 2007 speech, Obama contrasted the beliefs of his mother to those of her parents, and commented both on her spirituality and her skepticism.&lt;ref name=&quot;ripley&quot;/&gt; He described his mother's parents as coming from a Baptist and Methodist background in a culture that was nonobservant and skeptical of organized religion. Obama, who identifies as a Christian, also had a father from a Kenyan Muslim family who was not religious and did not practice Islam.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |author=Anburajan, Aswini |date=2007-12-22 |title=Obama asked about connection to Islam |work=First Read |publisher=msnbc.com |url=http://firstread.msnbc.msn.com/archive/2007/12/22/531492.aspx |access-date=2008-02-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080306042204/http://firstread.msnbc.msn.com/archive/2007/12/22/531492.aspx |archive-date=6 March 2008 |url-status=dead}}&lt;br /&gt;{{cite news |author=Saul, Michael |date=December 22, 2007 |title=I'm no Muslim, says Barack Obama |newspaper=New York Daily News |url=http://www.nydailynews.com/news/politics/2007/12/23/2007-12-23_im_no_muslim_says_barack_obama.html |access-date=February 28, 2008 |archive-date=January 6, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080106112148/http://www.nydailynews.com/news/politics/2007/12/23/2007-12-23_im_no_muslim_says_barack_obama.html |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Legacy==<br /> The [[University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa]] (UH) first held a symposium about Dunham in September 2008.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |author=Essoyan, Susan |date=September 18, 2008 |title=A woman of the people: a symposium recalls the efforts of Stanley Ann Dunham to aid the poor |newspaper=Honolulu Star-Bulletin |url=http://archives.starbulletin.com/2008/09/13/news/story09.html |access-date=November 5, 2008| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20081006051717/http://archives.starbulletin.com/2008/09/13/news/story09.html| archive-date= October 6, 2008 | url-status= live}}&lt;/ref&gt; The University of Hawaiʻi Foundation established the Ann Dunham Soetoro Endowment, which supports a faculty position housed in the Anthropology Department at UH, and the Ann Dunham Soetoro Graduate Fellowships, which provide funding for students associated with the East–West Center (EWC).&lt;ref name=&quot;The Ann Dunham Soetoro Endowed Fund&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title= The Ann Dunham Soetoro Endowed Fund|url= http://www.uhfoundation.org/donor_resources/giving_opportunities/dunhamsoetoro_endowed_fund.aspx|access-date= January 2, 2012|archive-date= January 11, 2012|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120111134623/http://www.uhfoundation.org/donor_resources/giving_opportunities/dunhamsoetoro_endowed_fund.aspx|url-status= live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dunham's alma mater, Mercer Island High School, began offering the Stanley Ann Dunham Scholarship in 2010.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://stanleyanndunhamfund.com/ |title=Stanley Ann Dunham Scholarship Fund Website |access-date=November 8, 2015 |archive-date=September 18, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150918221507/http://stanleyanndunhamfund.com/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; President Obama and his family visited an exhibition of his mother's anthropological work on display at the EWC in 2012.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://mrs-o.com/newdata/2012/1/3/scenes-from-hawaii-part-ii.html |title=Scenes from Hawaii, Part II |date=January 3, 2012 |publisher=mrs-o.org |access-date=February 6, 2012 |archive-date=January 8, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120108055404/http://mrs-o.com/newdata/2012/1/3/scenes-from-hawaii-part-ii.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> An exhibition of Dunham's Javanese [[batik]] textile collection (''A Lady Found a Culture in its Cloth: Barack Obama's Mother and Indonesian Batiks'') toured six museums in the United States, finishing the tour at the [[Textile Museum (Washington, D.C.)|Textile Museum]] of Washington, D.C., in August 2009.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |author=McCann, Ruth |date=August 8, 2009 |title=Cut from Obama's mother's cloth |newspaper=The Washington Post |page=C1 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/08/07/AR2009080703192.html |access-date=August 22, 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt; Earlier in her life, Dunham was interested in the textile arts as a weaver, creating wall hangings for her own enjoyment. After moving to Indonesia, she was attracted to the striking textile art of the batik and began to collect a variety of different fabrics.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|year=2009 |title=Previous exhibitions: A lady found a culture in its cloth: Barack Obama's mother and Indonesian batiks, August 9–23, 2009 |url=http://textilemuseum.org/exhibitions/previous.htm |location=Washington, D.C. |publisher=Textile Museum |access-date=September 6, 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090811094044/http://www.textilemuseum.org/exhibitions/previous.htm |archive-date=August 11, 2009 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Dunham was awarded the [[Orders, decorations, and medals of Indonesia#Bintang Jasa .28.22Bravery Star Decoration.22.29|Bintang Jasa]] Utama, [[Indonesia]]'s highest civilian award, in December 2010; the Bintang Jasa is awarded at three levels, and is presented to those individuals who have made notable civic and cultural contributions.&lt;ref name=&quot;Bintang Jasa Utama&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Wisdom 2010 Yogyakarta, Indonesia|url=http://www.tourjogja.com/agenda-90-wisdom-2010-yogyakarta-indonesia.html|access-date=February 28, 2012|archive-date=July 10, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120710044506/http://www.tourjogja.com/agenda-90-wisdom-2010-yogyakarta-indonesia.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> A major biography of Dunham by former ''[[New York Times]]'' reporter Janny Scott, titled ''A Singular Woman'', was published in 2011.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last=Griswold|first=Eliza|date=May 13, 2011|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/05/15/books/review/book-review-a-singular-woman-by-janny-scott.html|title=Being Obama's Mother|work=The New York Times|access-date=2025-08-09}}&lt;/ref&gt; Filmmaker Vivian Norris's feature length biographical film of Ann Dunham entitled ''[[Obama Mama]]'' premiered on May 31, 2014, as part of the 40th annual Seattle International Film Festival, not far from where Dunham grew up on Mercer Island.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.siff.net/festival-2014/obama-mama|title=Obama Mama|work=Seattle International Film Festival|access-date=February 19, 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150217210217/http://www.siff.net/festival-2014/obama-mama|archive-date=February 17, 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Publications==<br /> *{{cite book |last1=Dunham |first1=S Ann |title=Civil rights of working Indonesian women |year=1982 |oclc=428080409}}<br /> *{{cite book |last1=Dunham |first1=S Ann |title=The effects of industrialization on women workers in Indonesia |year=1982 |oclc=428078083}}<br /> *{{cite book |last1=Dunham |first1=S Ann |title=Women's work in village industries on Java |year=1982 |oclc=663711102}}<br /> *{{cite book |last1=Dunham |first1=S Ann |title=Women's economic activities in North Coast fishing communities: background for a proposal from PPA |year=1983 |oclc=428080414}}<br /> *{{cite book |last1=Dunham |first1=S Ann |last2=Haryanto |first2=Roes |year=1990 |title=BRI Briefing Booklet: KUPEDES Development Impact Survey |location=Jakarta |publisher=Bank Rakyat Indonesia}}<br /> *{{cite thesis |last=Dunham |first=S Ann |year=1992 |title=Peasant blacksmithing in Indonesia : surviving against all odds |location=Honolulu |institution=University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa |id={{OCLC|608906279|607863728|221709485}}. {{ProQuest|304001600}} |degree=PhD}}<br /> *{{cite book |last1=Dunham |first1=S Ann |last2=Liputo |first2=Yuliani |last3=Prabantoro |first3=Andityas |title=Pendekar-pendekar besi Nusantara : kajian antropologi tentang pandai besi tradisional di Indonesia |trans-title=Nusantara iron warriors: an anthropological study of traditional blacksmiths in Indonesia |year=2008 |publisher=Mizan |location=Bandung, Indonesia |language=id |isbn=9789794335345 |oclc=778260082}}<br /> *{{cite book |last1=Dunham |first1=S Ann |editor1-last=Dewey |editor1-first=Alice G |editor1-link=Alice G. Dewey |editor2-last=Cooper |editor2-first=Nancy I |title=Surviving against the odds : village industry in Indonesia |year=2010 |orig-year=2009 |publisher=[[Duke University Press]] |location=Durham, North Carolina |isbn=9780822346876 |id={{OCLC|492379459|652066335}} |others=Foreword by Maya Soetoro-Ng; afterword by Robert W. Hefner}}<br /> *{{cite book |last1=Dunham |first1=S Ann |last2=Ghildyal |first2=Anita |title=Ann Dunham's legacy : a collection of Indonesian batik |year=2012 |publisher=[[Islamic Arts Museum Malaysia]] |location=Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia |isbn=9789834469672 |oclc=809731662}}<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==Bibliography==<br /> *{{cite book |last1=Dunham |first1=S Ann |editor1-last=Dewey |editor1-first=Alice G |editor1-link=Alice G. Dewey |editor2-last=Cooper |editor2-first=Nancy I |title=Surviving Against the Odds: Village Industry in Indonesia |year=2010 |orig-year=2009 |publisher=[[Duke University Press]] |location=Durham, North Carolina |isbn=978-0-82234-687-6 |id={{OCLC|492379459|652066335}} |others=Foreword by Maya Soetoro-Ng; afterword by Robert W. Hefner}}<br /> *{{cite book|last=Scott|first=Janny|year=2011|title=A Singular Woman: The Untold Story of Barack Obama's Mother|location=New York|publisher=[[Riverhead Books]]|isbn=978-1-59448-797-2|oclc=850509989|url=https://archive.org/details/singularwomanunt00jann}}<br /> <br /> ==Further reading==<br /> *{{cite book|last=Maraniss|first=David|year=2012|title=Barack Obama: The Story|location=New York|publisher=[[Simon &amp; Schuster]]|isbn=978-1-4391-6040-4}}<br /> *{{cite book|last=Mendell|first=David|year=2007|title=Obama: From Promise to Power|location=New York|publisher=Amistad/[[HarperCollins]]|isbn=978-0-06-085820-9|url=https://archive.org/details/obamafrompromise00mend_0}}<br /> <br /> {{Barack Obama}}<br /> {{Authority control}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Dunham, Ann}}<br /> [[Category:1942 births]]<br /> [[Category:1995 deaths]]<br /> [[Category:Obama family]]<br /> [[Category:American women anthropologists]]<br /> [[Category:American women social scientists]]<br /> [[Category:American feminists]]<br /> [[Category:American humanists]]<br /> [[Category:University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa alumni]]<br /> [[Category:University of Washington alumni]]<br /> [[Category:People from Honolulu]]<br /> [[Category:People from Mercer Island, Washington]]<br /> [[Category:Scientists from Wichita, Kansas]]<br /> [[Category:American people of German descent]]<br /> [[Category:American people of Irish descent]]<br /> [[Category:American people of Swiss descent]]<br /> [[Category:American expatriates in Indonesia]]<br /> [[Category:American expatriates in Pakistan]]<br /> [[Category:Deaths from cancer in Hawaii]]<br /> [[Category:Deaths from uterine cancer in the United States]]<br /> [[Category:Mothers of presidents of the United States]]<br /> [[Category:20th-century American women scientists]]<br /> [[Category:Mercer Island High School alumni]]<br /> [[Category:20th-century American anthropologists]]</div>

Evan692365 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=2021_Durand_Cup_final&diff=482800 2026-03-11T03:45:59Z

<p>Evan692365: New</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Final of the 130th edition of the Durand Cup}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}}<br /> {{Infobox football match<br /> | title = 2021 Durand Cup final<br /> | image = 2021 Durand Cup Final-1.jpg<br /> | image_size = 275px<br /> | caption = [[Mohammedan SC (Kolkata)|Mohammedan]] (in white) and [[FC Goa|Goa]] (in black) line-up before kick-off at the [[Salt Lake Stadium|Vivekananda Yuba Bharati Krirangan]]<br /> | event = [[2021 Durand Cup]]<br /> | team1 = [[Mohammedan SC (Kolkata)|Mohammedan]]<br /> | team1score = 0<br /> | team2 = [[FC Goa|Goa]]<br /> | team2score = 1<br /> | details = <br /> | date = {{Start date|2021|10|3|df=y}}<br /> | stadium = [[Salt Lake Stadium|Vivekananda Yuba Bharati Krirangan]]<br /> | city = [[Kolkata]]<br /> | man_of_the_match1a = {{flagicon|ESP}} [[Edu Bedia]] ([[FC Goa|Goa]])<br /> | referee = [[Rahul Kumar Gupta]] ([[All India Football Federation|India]])<br /> | attendance = 43,292<br /> | weather = Cloudy evening&lt;br /&gt;{{convert|31|°C|°F|abbr=on}}&lt;br /&gt;85% [[humidity]]<br /> | previous = [[2019 Durand Cup#Final|2019]]<br /> | next = [[2022 Durand Cup final|2022]]<br /> }}<br /> The '''2021 Durand Cup final''' was the final match of the [[2021 Durand Cup]], the 130th edition of Asia's oldest football. The tournament is organised by the Durand Football Tournament Society (DFTS) of [[Indian Armed Forces]] and jointly hosted by the [[Eastern Command (India)|Eastern Command]] and the [[Government of West Bengal]]. It was played at the [[Salt Lake Stadium|Vivekananda Yuba Bharati Krirangan]] in [[Kolkata]], India on 3 October 2021.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2021-08-25|title=Durand Cup 2021: All You Need To Know|url=https://khelnow.com/football/durand-cup-2021-fixtures-teams-groups-telecast/|access-date=2021-09-10|website=Khel Now|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Background==<br /> [[Mohammedan SC (Kolkata)|Mohammedan SC]] were playing their sixth [[Durand Cup]] final. They became the first civilian team to win the tournament in 1940,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Mishra|first=Aniket|title=Looking back at Mohammedan Sporting's historic Durand Cup triumph|url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/football/looking-back-mohammedan-sportings-historic-durand-cup-triumph|access-date=2021-09-30|website=www.sportskeeda.com|language=en-us}}&lt;/ref&gt; and since then they could win only once after 73 years, in [[2013 Durand Cup Final|2013]],&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=hansindia|date=2013-09-20|title=126th Durand Cup Football Tournament 2013|url=https://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Sports/2013-09-20/126th-Durand-Cup-Football-Tournament-2013/72292|access-date=2021-09-30|website=www.thehansindia.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; although they reached the finals three more times in between. Aside [[Mohun Bagan AC|Mohun Bagan]] and [[SC East Bengal|East Bengal]], Mohammedan is the most successful team from [[West Bengal]]. Mohammedan overcame the group stage as the group runner-up under the newly appointed coach, [[Andrey Chernyshov]]. In the knockout stage they faced the defending champions of Durand Cup, [[Gokulam Kerala FC|Gokulam Kerala]], and subsequently they faced [[FC Bengaluru United|Bengaluru United]], who had already gave them their only group stage defeat. After [[Overtime (sports)#Association football|120 minutes of play]], Mohammedan got their revenge on Bengaluru United and reached the final.<br /> <br /> [[FC Goa]] became the first [[Indian Super League]] team to reach the Durand Cup final. They had previously participated in this tournament only once in [[2019 Durand Cup|2019]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Shetty|first=Chittu|date=2019-08-07|title=FC Goa releases squad for Durand Cup 2019|url=https://www.footballcounter.com/2019/fc-goa-releases-squad-for-durand-cup-2019/|access-date=2021-09-30|website=Football Counter|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Goa is the fourth [[Goa]]n side to reach the Durand Cup finals.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=IndianFootball History status|url=https://twitter.com/indianfootballh/status/1443437182581022724|access-date=2021-09-30|website=Twitter|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Under the coaching of [[Juan Ferrando]], Goa dominated in the group stage and faced [[Delhi FC|Delhi]] and later [[Bengaluru FC|Bengaluru]] in the knockout stage. The semi-final against Bengaluru went to [[Penalty shoot-out (association football)|penalty shoot-out]] to decide the finalist.<br /> <br /> This was the first meeting between Mohammedan and Goa.<br /> <br /> == Route to the final ==<br /> {{Details|2021 Durand Cup}}<br /> <br /> ''Note: In all results below, the score of the finalist is given first.''<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !colspan=&quot;2&quot;|[[Mohammedan SC (Kolkata)|Mohammedan]]<br /> !Round<br /> !colspan=&quot;2&quot;|[[FC Goa|Goa]]<br /> |- style=&quot;background:#C1E0FF&quot;<br /> |Opponent<br /> |colspan=&quot;1&quot;|Result<br /> |[[2021 Durand Cup#Group stage|Group stage]]<br /> |Opponent<br /> |colspan=&quot;1&quot;|Result<br /> |-<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:left&quot;|[[Indian Air Force (football team)|Indian Air Force]]<br /> |colspan=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;background:#BBF3BB&quot;|4–1 <br /> |style=&quot;background:#C1E0FF&quot;|Matchday 1<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:left&quot;|[[Army Green football team|Army Green]]<br /> |colspan=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;background:#BBF3BB&quot;|2–0<br /> |-<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:left&quot;|[[Central Reserve Police Force Sporting Club|CRPF]]<br /> |colspan=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;background:#BBF3BB&quot;|5–1 <br /> |style=&quot;background:#C1E0FF&quot;|Matchday 2<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:left&quot;|[[Sudeva Delhi FC|Sudeva Delhi]]<br /> |colspan=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;background:#BBF3BB&quot;|2–1<br /> |-<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:left&quot;|[[FC Bengaluru United|Bengaluru United]]<br /> |colspan=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;background:#FFBBBB&quot;|0–2<br /> |style=&quot;background:#C1E0FF&quot;|Matchday 3<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:left&quot;|[[Jamshedpur FC|Jamshedpur]]<br /> |colspan=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;background:#BBF3BB&quot;|5–0<br /> |-<br /> |colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;vertical-align:top&quot;|'''[[2021 Durand Cup#Group A|Group A]] runner-up'''<br /> {{center|{{trim|{{:2021 Durand Cup|transcludesection=Group A|only_pld_pts=yes|showteam=MM}}}}}}<br /> |style=&quot;background:#C1E0FF&quot;|Final standings<br /> |colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;vertical-align:top&quot;|'''[[2021 Durand Cup#Group B|Group B]] winner'''{{center|{{trim|{{:2021 Durand Cup|transcludesection=Group B|only_pld_pts=yes|showteam=GO}}}}}}<br /> |- style=&quot;background:#C1E0FF&quot;<br /> |Opponent<br /> |Result<br /> |[[2021 Durand Cup knockout stage|Knockout stage]]<br /> |Opponent<br /> |Result<br /> |-<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:left&quot;|[[Gokulam Kerala FC|Gokulam Kerala]]<br /> |1–0<br /> |style=&quot;background:#C1E0FF&quot;|Quarter-finals<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:left&quot;|[[Delhi FC|Delhi]]<br /> |5–1<br /> |-<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:left&quot;|[[FC Bengaluru United|Bengaluru United]]<br /> |4–2&lt;br&gt;{{aet}}<br /> |style=&quot;background:#C1E0FF&quot;|Semi-finals<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:left&quot;|[[Bengaluru FC|Bengaluru]]<br /> |2–2&lt;br&gt;{{aet}};&lt;br&gt;7–6{{pso}}<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == Pre-match ==<br /> <br /> === Ticketing and attendance ===<br /> Due to the [[COVID-19 pandemic in West Bengal]], the [[Government of West Bengal]] allowed only 50% of the total capacity for spectators. The tickets for the [[2021 Durand Cup]] final were made available free of cost at [[Mohammedan SC (Kolkata)|Mohammedan SC]], [[Mohun Bagan AC]] and [[SC East Bengal]] respective tents at [[Maidan (Kolkata)|Maidan]] and at [[Salt Lake Stadium|Vivekananda Yuba Bharati Krirangan]] from 29 September to 2 October. The tickets were also available on the matchday at all the aforementioned venues, except VYBK. <br /> <br /> On the matchday the stadium was filled up with around 43,000 supporters of [[Mohammedan SC (Kolkata)|Mohammedan SC]], as they played at their home ground. A small number of [[FC Goa]] supporters also arrived all the way from [[Goa]] to back the team. In total almost 43,292 spectators arrived at VYBK for the final match.<br /> <br /> === Guests ===<br /> The match was attended by a number of eminent personalities including the [[List of governors of West Bengal|Governor of West Bengal]] [[Jagdeep Dhankhar]], the [[First lady|First Lady]] of West Bengal Sudesh Dhankhar, the Cabinet Minister for Sports and Youth Affairs ([[Government of West Bengal]]) [[Aroop Biswas]], the Minister of State for Sports and Youth Affairs ([[Government of West Bengal]]) [[Manoj Tiwary (cricketer)|Manoj Tiwary]], the [[Chief of Defence Staff (India)|Chief of Defence Staff]] General [[Bipin Rawat]], the Commander of [[Eastern Command (India)|Eastern Command]] Lt. Gen. [[Manoj Pande (lieutenant general)|Manoj Pande]] and the [[Chief of staff|Chief of Staff]], [[Eastern Command (India)|Eastern Command]] Lt. Gen. Kamal Kumar Repswal.<br /> <br /> == Match ==<br /> <br /> === Summary ===<br /> The final match of the [[2021 Durand Cup|130th Durand Cup edition]] kicked off on a lively note in front of 44,000+ spectators with both [[Mohammedan SC (Kolkata)|Mohammedan SC]] and [[FC Goa]] both going on the attack from the beginning. The first shot of the match came from [[Marcus Joseph]] in third minute but it was wayward. Soon after, Goa created a chance but a mix-up between [[Muhammed Nemil]] and [[Alexander Romario Jesuraj]] in the box led to an easy save for the Mohammedan [[Goalkeeper (association football)|keeper]], [[Zothanmawia]].<br /> <br /> As the half started to progress, the temperature started to increase and the foul count also started to increase. Mohammedan was at the receiving end of the cards as they received three [[Penalty card|yellow cards]] within a span of 17 minutes. [[Azharuddin Mallick]], [[Nikola Stojanović (footballer, born 1995)|Nikola Stojanović]] and [[Shaher Shaheen]] were booked.<br /> <br /> The match was slowly starting to open up now, as chances were being created more often but none of them were being converted. A sudden moment of uproar came at the [[Salt Lake Stadium|VYBK]] in the 35th minute when a shot from [[Milan Singh]] went flying into the goal from a distance but a foul was called by the referee just before the shot was taken and disappointment of the crowd was clearly visible. For Goa, Jesuraj had the best chance of the half when the defence was completely foxed by a cross from [[Sanson Pereira]] from the left flank but Jesuraj sent the shot wide of the goal post. The first half ended with the scores tied with no goal scored.<br /> <br /> The second half saw Goa dominating possession but the same wasn’t resulting into concrete chances as they were losing the ball far too easily in the final third. In the meantime, Mohammedan finally made their first change of the match bringing on [[Brandon Vanlalremdika]] for [[Azharuddin Mallick]], who was already on a yellow card. Goa also made their first change in the 85th minute with [[Redeem Tlang]] coming on for [[Alexander Romario Jesuraj]].<br /> <br /> The last few minutes saw some moments of excitement. Mohammedan made some good runs by [[Faisal Ali (footballer)|Faisal Ali]] down the left flank in the last 5 minutes but again failed to make them count. In the injury time, Redeem Tlang came close to scoring the first goal but the angle was too steep and the ball went across the face of the goal. With scores tied with no goal scored yet at the end of the regulation time, the final went into [[Overtime (sports)#Association football|extra time]].<br /> <br /> While the first half of the extra time was seeming that it will end goalless yet again, it was the [[Captain (association football)|captain]] of Goa, [[Edu Bedia]] who came up with the goods. Bedia scored from a fantastic [[Free kick (association football)|free-kick]] awarded just outside the Mohammedan [[Penalty box|box]] in the 105th minute owing to a foul by Milan Singh.<br /> <br /> Though Mohammedan was desperate for a goal in the second half of the extra time but they seemed out of sorts much like their performance in the regulation time. It seemed that Goa will have no issue sealing the deal but a moment of scare came for Goa with just 2 minutes to go in extra time as Nikola Stojanović's shot from distance demanded a flying save from [[Naveen Kumar (footballer)|Naveen Kumar]].<br /> <br /> The match finally ended with FC Goa being crowned the champions of the 130th Durand Cup for the first time, defeating Mohammedan SC 1-0.<br /> <br /> === Details ===<br /> &lt;onlyinclude&gt;{{football box<br /> |date={{Start date|2021|10|03|df=y}}<br /> |time=18:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br /> |score=0–1<br /> |aet=yes<br /> |report=[https://khelnow.com/football/durand-cup-2021-final-mohammedan-sc-fc-goa-live-commentary Report]<br /> |team1=[[Mohammedan SC (Kolkata)|Mohammedan]]<br /> |goals1=<br /> |team2=[[FC Goa|Goa]]<br /> |goals2=[[Edu Bedia|Bedia]] {{goal|105}}<br /> |stadium=[[Salt Lake Stadium|Vivekananda Yuba Bharati Krirangan]], [[Kolkata]], [[West Bengal]]<br /> |attendance=43,292<br /> |referee=[[Rahul Kumar Gupta]]<br /> |motm=<br /> }}&lt;/onlyinclude&gt;<br /> {| width=90%<br /> |-<br /> |{{Football kit<br /> |pattern_la = <br /> |pattern_b = _blackshoulders<br /> |pattern_ra = <br /> |pattern_sh = <br /> |pattern_so = <br /> |leftarm = 000000<br /> |body = FFFFFF<br /> |rightarm = 000000<br /> |shorts = FFFFFF<br /> |socks = FFFFFF<br /> |title = {{nowrap|Mohammedan}}<br /> }}<br /> |{{Football kit<br /> |pattern_la = _orange_border<br /> |pattern_b = _orangecollar<br /> |pattern_ra = _orange_border<br /> |pattern_sh = _orangesides<br /> |pattern_so =<br /> |leftarm = 000000<br /> |body = 000000<br /> |rightarm = 000000<br /> |shorts = 000000<br /> |socks = 000000<br /> |title = {{nowrap|Goa}}<br /> }}<br /> |}<br /> {| width=&quot;100%&quot;<br /> | valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;50%&quot; |<br /> {| style=&quot;font-size:90%; margin:auto&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !width=25| !!width=25|<br /> |-<br /> |GK<br /> |'''42'''<br /> |{{flagicon|IND}} [[Zothanmawia]]<br /> |-<br /> |RB<br /> |'''11'''<br /> |{{flagicon|IND}} [[Faisal Ali (footballer)|Faisal Ali]]<br /> |{{yel|119}}<br /> |-<br /> |CB<br /> |'''4'''<br /> |{{flagicon|IND}} [[Wayne Vaz]]<br /> |-<br /> |CB<br /> |'''16'''<br /> |{{flagicon|SYR}} [[Shaher Shaheen]]<br /> |{{yel|29}}<br /> |-<br /> |LB<br /> |'''41'''<br /> |{{flagicon|IND}} [[Manoj Mohammed]]<br /> |-<br /> |DM<br /> |'''12'''<br /> |{{flagicon|IND}} [[Milan Singh]]<br /> |{{yel|104}}<br /> |{{suboff|118}}<br /> |-<br /> |RM<br /> |'''47'''<br /> |{{flagicon|IND}} [[S. K. Faiaz|S.K. Faiaz]]<br /> |<br /> |{{suboff|87}}<br /> |-<br /> |CM<br /> |'''20'''<br /> |{{flagicon|SRB}} [[Nikola Stojanović (footballer, born 1995)|Nikola Stojanović]] ([[Captain (association football)|c]])<br /> |{{yel|25}}<br /> |-<br /> |LM<br /> |'''27'''<br /> |{{flagicon|IND}} [[Lalramchullova]]<br /> |-<br /> |SS<br /> |'''10'''<br /> |{{flagicon|Trinidad and Tobago}} [[Marcus Joseph]]<br /> |-<br /> |CF<br /> |'''35'''<br /> |{{flagicon|IND}} [[Azharuddin Mallick]]<br /> |{{yel|13}}<br /> |{{suboff|63}}<br /> |-<br /> | colspan=&quot;3&quot; |'''Substitutes:'''<br /> |-<br /> |GK<br /> |'''1'''<br /> |{{flagicon|IND}} [[Mithun Samanta]]<br /> |-<br /> |DF<br /> |'''5'''<br /> |{{flagicon|IND}} [[Arijeet Singh]]<br /> |-<br /> |DF<br /> |'''6'''<br /> |{{flagicon|IND}} [[Safiul Rahaman]]<br /> |-<br /> |DF<br /> |'''24'''<br /> |{{flagicon|IND}} [[Sujit Sadhu]]<br /> |-<br /> |DF<br /> |'''39'''<br /> |{{flagicon|IND}} [[Lalramhmunmawia]]<br /> |-<br /> |MF<br /> |'''26'''<br /> |{{flagicon|IND}} [[Firoj Ali]]<br /> |-<br /> |MF<br /> |'''32'''<br /> |{{flagicon|IND}} [[Phrangki Buam]]<br /> |<br /> |{{subon|87}}<br /> |-<br /> |MF<br /> |'''33'''<br /> |{{flagicon|IND}} [[Sushil Meitei]]<br /> |-<br /> |FW<br /> |'''19'''<br /> |{{flagicon|IND}} [[Jaskaranpreet Singh]]<br /> |<br /> |{{subon|118}}<br /> |-<br /> |FW<br /> |'''28'''<br /> |{{flagicon|IND}} [[Brandon Vanlalremdika]]<br /> |<br /> |{{subon|63}}<br /> |-<br /> | colspan=&quot;3&quot; |'''Head coach:'''<br /> |-<br /> | colspan=&quot;3&quot; |{{flagicon|RUS}} [[Andrey Chernyshov]]<br /> |}<br /> | valign=&quot;top&quot; |[[File:2021 Durand Cup final line-up.png|thumb|300px]]<br /> | valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;50%&quot; |<br /> {| style=&quot;font-size:90%; margin:auto&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !width=25| !!width=25|<br /> |-<br /> |GK<br /> |'''32'''<br /> |{{flagicon|IND}} [[Naveen Kumar (footballer)|Naveen Kumar]]<br /> |-<br /> |RB<br /> |'''6'''<br /> |{{flagicon|IND}} [[Leander D'Cunha]]<br /> |-<br /> |CB<br /> |'''24'''<br /> |{{flagicon|ESP}} [[Iván González (footballer, born 1988)|Iván González]]<br /> |-<br /> |CB<br /> |'''41'''<br /> |{{flagicon|IND}} [[Lalhmangaihsanga Ralte (footballer, born 1999)|Lalhmangaihsanga Ralte]]<br /> |-<br /> |LB<br /> |'''11'''<br /> |{{flagicon|IND}} [[Saviour Gama]]<br /> |<br /> |{{suboff|93}}<br /> |-<br /> |CM<br /> |'''23'''<br /> |{{flagicon|ESP}} [[Edu Bedia]] ([[Captain (association football)|c]])<br /> |{{yel|53}}<br /> |-<br /> |CM<br /> |'''44'''<br /> |{{flagicon|IND}} [[Muhammed Nemil]]<br /> |<br /> |{{suboff|116}}<br /> |-<br /> |RW<br /> |'''14'''<br /> |{{flagicon|IND}} [[Alexander Romario Jesuraj|Romario Jesuraj]]<br /> |<br /> |{{suboff|85}}<br /> |-<br /> |AM<br /> |'''5'''<br /> |{{flagicon|ESP}} [[Alberto Noguera]]<br /> |<br /> |{{suboff|108}}<br /> |-<br /> |LW<br /> |'''21'''<br /> |{{flagicon|IND}} [[Sanson Pereira]]<br /> |-<br /> |CF<br /> |'''29'''<br /> |{{flagicon|IND}} [[Devendra Murgaonkar]]<br /> |<br /> |{{suboff|93}}<br /> |-<br /> | colspan=&quot;3&quot; |'''Substitutes:'''<br /> |-<br /> |GK<br /> |'''55'''<br /> |{{flagicon|IND}} [[Hrithik Tiwari]]<br /> |-<br /> |DF<br /> |'''27'''<br /> |{{flagicon|IND}} [[Aibanbha Dohling]]<br /> |<br /> |{{subon|116}}<br /> |-<br /> |MF<br /> |'''48'''<br /> |{{flagicon|IND}} [[Delton Colaco]]<br /> |-<br /> |MF<br /> |'''46'''<br /> |{{flagicon|IND}} [[Chirsty Davis]]<br /> |<br /> |{{subon|93}}<br /> |-<br /> |MF<br /> |'''42'''<br /> |{{flagicon|IND}} [[Brison Fernandes]]<br /> |-<br /> |MF<br /> |'''18'''<br /> |{{flagicon|IND}} [[Danstan Fernandes]]<br /> |-<br /> |MF<br /> |'''11'''<br /> |{{flagicon|IND}} [[Princeton Rebello]]<br /> |<br /> |{{subon|108}}<br /> |-<br /> | FW<br /> |'''47'''<br /> |{{flagicon|IND}} [[Omkar Landge]]<br /> |-<br /> |FW<br /> |'''22'''<br /> |{{flagicon|IND}} [[Redeem Tlang]]<br /> |<br /> |{{subon|85}}<br /> |-<br /> |FW<br /> |'''19'''<br /> |{{flagicon|IND}} [[Makan Chote]]<br /> |<br /> |{{subon|93}}<br /> |-<br /> | colspan=&quot;3&quot; |'''Head coach:'''<br /> |-<br /> | colspan=&quot;3&quot; |{{flagicon|ESP}} [[Juan Ferrando]]<br /> |}<br /> |}<br /> {| width=100% style=&quot;font-size:90%&quot;<br /> |<br /> '''Man of the Match:'''<br /> &lt;br /&gt;[[Edu Bedia]] (Goa)<br /> <br /> '''[[Assistant referee (association football)|Assistant referees]]:'''<br /> &lt;br /&gt;[[Arun Sasidharan Pillai]] ([[All India Football Federation|India]])<br /> &lt;br /&gt;[[Harish Kundu]] ([[All India Football Federation|India]])<br /> &lt;br /&gt;'''[[Assistant referee (association football)#Fourth official|Fourth official]]:'''<br /> &lt;br /&gt;[[Rowan Arumughan]] ([[All India Football Federation|India]])<br /> |style=&quot;width:60%; vertical-align:top;&quot;|<br /> '''Match rules'''<br /> *90 minutes.<br /> *30 minutes of [[Overtime (sports)#Association football|extra time]] if necessary.<br /> *[[Penalty shoot-out (association football)|Penalty shoot-out]] if scores still level.<br /> *Maximum of ten named substitutes.<br /> *Maximum of five substitutions allowed.<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == Broadcasting ==<br /> The final match of the [[2021 Durand Cup]] was broadcast on [[Sony Ten|Sony Ten 2]] and [[Sony Ten|Sony Ten 2 HD]]. The match was also available on [[Over-the-top media service|OTT media services]] of [[Addatimes]] and [[SonyLIV]]. Additionally a live audio commentary was done on [[91.9 FM|91.9 Friends FM]] and [[Prasar Bharati|Prasar Bharati Sports]] [[YouTube]] channel.<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> * [https://durandcup.in/ Official website]<br /> <br /> {{Durand Cup}}<br /> {{FC Goa}}<br /> {{Mohammedan SC (Kolkata)}}<br /> {{2021–22 in Indian football}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:2021 Durand Cup]]<br /> [[Category:Durand Cup finals]]<br /> [[Category:2021 in domestic association football cups]]<br /> [[Category:2021–22 in Indian football]]<br /> [[Category:Football competitions in Kolkata]]</div>

Evan692365 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Propulsion&diff=463449 2026-03-09T15:17:47Z

<p>Evan692365: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Means of creating force leading to movement}}<br /> {{Redirect|Powerplant|facilities that generate electricity|Power station|other uses|Power plant (disambiguation)}}<br /> {{more citations needed|date=August 2017}}<br /> [[File:Armadillo Aerospace Pixel Hover.jpg|thumb|[[Armadillo Aerospace]]'s quad [[rocket]] vehicle showing [[shock diamond]]s in the exhaust plume from its propulsion system]]<br /> '''Propulsion''' is the generation of [[force]] by any combination of pushing or pulling to modify the translational [[motion]] of an object, which is typically a [[rigid body]] (or an articulated rigid body) but may also concern a [[fluid]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|title=A Dictionary of Aviation |first=David W. |last=Wragg |isbn=0-85045-163-9 |publisher=Frederick Fell, Inc. |publication-place=New York |date=1974 |edition=1st American |page=216}}&lt;/ref&gt; The term is derived from two Latin words: ''[[wikt:pro|pro]]'', meaning'' before'' or ''forward''; and ''[[wikt:pellere|pellere]]'', meaning ''to drive''.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{cite web| url = http://www.grc.nasa.gov/WWW/k-12/airplane/bgp.html| title = Beginner's Guide to Propulsion NASA}}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> A '''propulsion system''' consists of a source of mechanical power, and a ''propulsor'' (means of converting this power into propulsive force). <br /> <br /> Plucking a guitar string to induce a [[vibration|vibratory]] translation is technically a form of propulsion of the guitar string; this is not commonly depicted in this vocabulary, even though human muscles are considered to propel the fingertips. The motion of an object moving through a [[gravitational field]] is affected by the field, and within some frames of reference physicists speak of the gravitational field generating a force upon the object, but for [[general relativity|deep theoretic reasons]], physicists now consider the curved path of an object moving freely through space-time as shaped by gravity as a natural movement of the object, unaffected by a propulsive force (in this view, the falling apple is considered to be unpropelled, while the observer of the apple standing on the ground is considered to be propelled by the reactive force of the Earth's surface). <br /> <br /> [[Biology|Biological]] propulsion systems use an animal's muscles as the power source, and limbs such as [[wing]]s, [[fin]]s or [[leg]]s as the propulsors. A [[technology|technological]] system uses an [[engine|engine or motor]] as the power source (commonly called a '''powerplant'''), and [[wheel and axle|wheels and axles]], [[propeller]]s, or a [[propulsive nozzle]] to generate the force. Components such as [[clutch]]es or [[gearbox]]es may be needed to connect the motor to axles, wheels, or propellers. A technological/biological system may use human, or trained animal, muscular work to power a mechanical device.<br /> <br /> Influencing rotational motion is also technically a form of propulsion, but in speech, an automotive mechanic might prefer to describe the hot gasses in an engine cylinder as propelling the piston (translational motion), which ''drives'' the crankshaft (rotational motion), the crankshaft then ''drives'' the wheels (rotational motion), and the wheels propel the car forward (translational motion). In common speech, propulsion is associated with spatial displacement more strongly than locally contained forms of motion, such as rotation or vibration. As another example, internal stresses in a [[rotation|rotating]] [[Baseball (ball)|baseball]] cause the surface of the baseball to travel along a sinusoidal or helical trajectory, which would not happen in the absence of these interior forces; these forces meet the technical definition of propulsion from [[Newtonian mechanics]], but are not commonly spoken of in this language. <br /> <br /> == Vehicular propulsion ==<br /> <br /> ===Air propulsion===<br /> {{main|Powered aircraft}}<br /> [[File:Tupolev Tu-95 in flight.jpg|thumb|left|A [[turboprop]]-engined [[Tupolev Tu-95]] ]]<br /> <br /> An aircraft propulsion system generally consists of an [[aircraft engine]] and some means to generate thrust, such as a [[propeller (aircraft)|propeller]] or a [[propulsive nozzle]].<br /> <br /> An aircraft propulsion system must achieve two things. First, the thrust from the propulsion system must balance the drag of the airplane when the airplane is cruising. And second, the thrust from the propulsion system must exceed the drag of the airplane for the airplane to accelerate. The greater the difference between the thrust and the drag, called the excess thrust, the faster the airplane will accelerate.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> Some [[aircraft]], like airliners and [[cargo planes]], spend most of their life in a cruise condition. For these airplanes, excess thrust is not as important as high engine efficiency and low fuel usage. Since thrust depends on both the amount of gas moved and the velocity, we can generate high thrust by accelerating a large mass of gas by a small amount, or by accelerating a small mass of gas by a large amount. Because of the aerodynamic efficiency of propellers and fans, it is more fuel efficient to accelerate a large mass by a small amount, which is why high-bypass turbofans and turboprops are commonly used on cargo planes and airliners.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> Some aircraft, like [[fighter planes]] or experimental high speed aircraft, require very high excess thrust to accelerate quickly and to overcome the high drag associated with high speeds. For these airplanes, engine efficiency is not as important as very high thrust. Modern [[combat aircraft]] usually have an afterburner added to a [[low-bypass turbofan]]. Future [[hypersonic aircraft]] may use some type of [[ramjet]] or rocket propulsion.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Ground===<br /> [[File:Opel Ampera (front quarter).jpg|thumb|Wheels are commonly used in ground propulsion]]<br /> Ground propulsion is any mechanism for propelling solid objects along the ground, usually for the purposes of [[transportation]]. The propulsion system often consists of a combination of an [[engine|engine or motor]], a [[gearbox]] and [[wheel and axle]]s in standard applications.<br /> <br /> The development of the [[steam engine]] and [[internal combustion engine]] allowed for the development of [[Rail vehicle|rail vehicles]] and [[Motor vehicle|motor vehicles]], all of which have some form of a [[powertrain]]. The [[electric motor]] allowed for quieter vehicles with lower emissions, and frequently higher [[engine efficiency]].<br /> <br /> ===Maglev===<br /> [[File:Transrapid 09.jpg|thumb|[[Transrapid]] 09 at the [[Emsland test facility]] in [[Germany]]]]<br /> {{main|Maglev}}<br /> Maglev (derived from '''mag'''netic '''lev'''itation) is a system of transportation that uses [[magnetic levitation]] to suspend, guide and propel vehicles with magnets rather than using mechanical methods, such as [[wheel and axle|wheels, axles and bearings]]. With maglev a vehicle is levitated a short distance away from a guide way using magnets to create both lift and thrust. Maglev vehicles are claimed to move more smoothly and quietly and to require less maintenance than wheeled [[mass transit]] systems. It is claimed that non-reliance on friction also means that acceleration and deceleration can far surpass that of existing forms of transport. The power needed for levitation is not a particularly large percentage of the overall energy consumption; most of the power used is needed to overcome air resistance ([[drag (physics)|drag]]), as with any other high-speed form of transport.<br /> <br /> ===Marine===<br /> [[Image:Two Main Engines, V12.jpg|thumb|250px|A view of a ship's engine room]]<br /> {{main|Marine propulsion}}<br /> Marine propulsion is the mechanism or system used to generate [[thrust]] to move a [[ship]] or [[boat]] across water. While [[paddle]]s and [[sail]]s are still used on some smaller boats, most modern ships are propelled by mechanical systems consisting of a motor or engine turning a [[propeller]], or less frequently, in jet drives, an [[impeller]]. Marine engineering is the discipline concerned with the design of marine [[propulsion system]]s.<br /> <br /> [[Steam engine]]s were the first mechanical engines used in marine propulsion, but have mostly been replaced by [[two-stroke engine|two-stroke]] or [[four-stroke engine|four-stroke]] diesel engines, outboard motors, and [[gas turbine engine]]s on faster ships. [[nuclear marine propulsion|Nuclear reactors]] producing steam are used to propel [[warship]]s and [[icebreaker]]s, and there have been attempts to utilize them to power commercial vessels. [[Electric motor]]s have been used on [[submarine]]s and [[electric boat]]s and have been proposed for energy-efficient propulsion.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.ivt.ntnu.no/imt/electricship/ |title=Energy Efficient - All Electric Ship |access-date=2009-11-25 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090517060017/http://www.ivt.ntnu.no/imt/electricship/ |archive-date=2009-05-17 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Recent development in liquified natural gas (LNG) fueled engines are gaining recognition for their low emissions and cost advantages.<br /> <br /> ===Space===<br /> [[Image:Shuttle Main Engine Test Firing.jpg|thumb|left|A remote camera captures a close-up view of a [[Space Shuttle main engine]] during a test firing at the [[John C. Stennis Space Center]] in [[Hancock County, Mississippi]]]]<br /> {{main|Spacecraft propulsion}}<br /> <br /> Spacecraft propulsion is any method used to accelerate [[spacecraft]] and artificial [[satellite]]s. There are many different methods including pumps.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Hall |first1=Nancy |title=Propulsion System |url=https://www1.grc.nasa.gov/beginners-guide-to-aeronautics/propulsion-system/ |website=NASA – Glenn Research |access-date=November 11, 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; Each method has drawbacks and advantages, and spacecraft propulsion is an active area of research. However, most spacecraft today are propelled by forcing a gas from the back/rear of the vehicle at very high speed through a [[rocket engine nozzle|supersonic de Laval nozzle]]. This sort of [[engine]] is called a [[rocket engine]].<br /> <br /> All current spacecraft use chemical rockets ([[bipropellant rocket|bipropellant]] or [[solid rocket|solid-fuel]]) for launch, though some (such as the [[Pegasus rocket]] and [[SpaceShipOne]]) have used [[air-breathing engine]]s on their [[Multistage rocket|first stage]]. Most satellites have simple reliable chemical thrusters (often [[monopropellant rocket]]s) or [[resistojet rocket]]s for [[orbital station-keeping]] and some use [[momentum wheel]]s for [[Spacecraft attitude control|attitude control]]. Soviet bloc satellites have used [[Electrically powered spacecraft propulsion|electric propulsion]] for decades, and newer Western geo-orbiting spacecraft are starting to use them for north–south stationkeeping and orbit raising. Interplanetary vehicles mostly use chemical rockets as well, although a few have used [[ion thruster]]s and [[Hall-effect thruster]]s (two different types of electric propulsion) to great success.<br /> {{clear}}<br /> <br /> ===Cable===<br /> {{main|Cable car (railway)}}<br /> A cable car is any of a variety of transportation systems relying on cables to pull vehicles along or lower them at a steady rate. The terminology also refers to the vehicles on these systems. The cable car vehicles are motor-less and engine-less and they are pulled by a cable that is rotated by a motor off-board.<br /> <br /> ==Animal==<br /> {{main|Animal locomotion}}<br /> [[Image:Beeinflightfromfront.jpg|thumb|upright=1.3|A [[bee]] in flight]]<br /> <br /> Animal locomotion, which is the act of self-propulsion by an animal, has many manifestations, including [[running]], [[aquatic locomotion|swimming]], [[jumping]] and [[Flying and gliding animals|flying]]. Animals move for a variety of reasons, such as to find food, a mate, or a suitable [[microhabitat]], and to escape predators. For many animals the ability to move is essential to survival and, as a result, selective pressures have shaped the locomotion methods and mechanisms employed by moving organisms. For example, migratory animals that travel vast distances (such as the [[Arctic tern]]) typically have a locomotion mechanism that costs very little energy per unit distance, whereas non-migratory animals that must frequently move quickly to escape predators (such as [[frog]]s) are likely to have costly but very fast locomotion. The study of animal locomotion is typically considered to be a sub-field of [[biomechanics]].<br /> <br /> Locomotion requires [[energy]] to overcome [[friction]], [[drag (physics)|drag]], [[inertia]], and [[gravity]], though in many circumstances some of these factors are negligible. In [[Terrestrial planet|terrestrial]] environments gravity must be overcome, though the drag of air is much less of an issue. In aqueous environments however, friction (or drag) becomes the major challenge, with gravity being less of a concern. Although animals with natural [[buoyancy]] need not expend much energy maintaining vertical position, some will naturally sink and must expend energy to remain afloat. Drag may also present a problem in [[flight]], and the [[aerodynamic]]ally efficient body shapes of [[bird]]s highlight this point. Flight presents a different problem from movement in water however, as there is no way for a living organism to have lower [[density]] than air. Limbless organisms moving on land must often contend with surface friction, but do not usually need to expend significant energy to counteract gravity.<br /> <br /> [[Newton's laws of motion|Newton's third law of motion]] is widely used in the study of animal locomotion: if at rest, to move forward an animal must push something backward. Terrestrial animals must push the solid ground; swimming and flying animals must push against a [[fluid]] (either [[water]] or [[air]]).&lt;ref name=&quot;Bie&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Biewener |first=Andrew A. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yMaN9pk8QJAC&amp;q=biomechanics+biewener |title=Animal Locomotion |date=2003-06-19 |publisher=OUP Oxford |isbn=978-0-19-850022-3 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; The effect of forces during locomotion on the design of the skeletal system is also important, as is the interaction between locomotion and muscle physiology, in determining how the structures and effectors of locomotion enable or limit animal movement.<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> * [[Jetpack]]<br /> * [[List of aerospace engineering software]]<br /> * [[Projectile]]<br /> * [[Transport]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> *{{Commons category-inline|Propulsion}}<br /> {{wiktionary|propulsion}}<br /> * {{cite web|last=Pickering|first=Steve|title=Propulsion Efficiency|url=http://www.sixtysymbols.com/videos/propulsion.htm|work=Sixty Symbols|publisher=[[Brady Haran]] from the [[University of Nottingham]]|year=2009}}<br /> <br /> {{Authority control}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Propulsion| ]]<br /> [[Category:Vehicle technology]]</div>

Evan692365 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Putani_Safari&diff=527481 2026-03-03T21:32:10Z

<p>Evan692365: made details</p> <hr /> <div>{{more footnotes|date=March 2019}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=March 2019}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=March 2019}}<br /> {{Infobox film<br /> | name = Putani Safari<br /> | image = Putani_Safari.jpg<br /> | caption = <br /> | native_name = <br /> | director = [[Ravindra Venshi]]<br /> | producer = B. S. Chandra Shekar<br /> | writer = Ravindra Venshi<br /> | screenplay = Ravindra Venshi<br /> | story = Ravindra Venshi<br /> | based_on = &lt;!-- {{Based on|title of the original work|creator of the original work|additional creator(s), if necessary}} --&gt;<br /> | starring = <br /> | narrator = <br /> | music = Veer Samarth<br /> | cinematography = Jeevan Gowda<br /> | editing = C. Ravichandran<br /> | studio = SWARNA GANGA FILMS, FRIENDS FILM FACTORY<br /> | distributor = Shraddha Productions<br /> | released = {{film date|df=y|2017|7|14}}<br /> | runtime = 133 minutes<br /> | country = [[India]]<br /> | language = [[Kannada]]<br /> | budget = <br /> | gross = <br /> }} <br /> '''''Putani Safari''''' [English: Kids safari, ಕನ್ನಡ : ಪುಟಾಣಿ ಸಫಾರಿ] is a 2017 [[India]]n [[Kannada|Kannada language]] [[children's film]] directed by Ravindra Venshi. It stars master Rakin, Master Rajiv, Manish, SahanaShree, Kailash Baby Manasa, Baby Brinda, Master Bhuvan Hiregoudar, Santosh Davanagere, Martesh, M. K. Jagadish, Harish Kundur, Mirle Manju, All the best Khadar, Vijaya Heggodu and Sulochana in the leading roles. The background score and soundtrack was composed by Veer Samarth. The lyrics were penned by [[Yogaraj Bhat]] and cinematography was by Jeevan Gowda. The film was well received by critics&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.prajavani.net/news/article/2017/07/14/506136.html|title=Putani Safari(2017)|work=Prajavani}}&lt;/ref&gt; and audiences, earning the film and its actors accolades, it was declared a &quot;surprise hit&quot; by running houseful shows.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/south-masala/putani-safaris-houseful-surprise/articleshow/59670750.cms|title=Putani Safari’s houseful surprise|date=20 July 2017|work=[[Bangalore Mirror]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Plot==<br /> ''Putani Safari'' is a story about two little boys who were reared in different environments. It is about their struggle to overcome the dangers in a forest. Rohit is a child who lives in the city, his parents have blessed him with all riches and want him to realize how fortunate he is. Rohit's parents want him to be well educated and use all the opportunities available in the city and want him to be a class topper. But Rohit is always distracted in watching TV and playing with friends. Rohit bargains his way that if he becomes a class topper again, they should take him on a wild animal safari.<br /> Siddesha is a child born to parents of a forest tribe, he is an ambitious child who wants to go school and be educated, but his parents don't believe in him. Siddesh's mother sends him on an errand to sell guavas near the school. Siddesh offers a guava to a student in return for her to teach him to read and write. His mother observes his ability to learn on his own and tries to enroll him in school. But her husband robs her savings and spends them on elixir. Poor Siddesh finds out about this and runs into the forest to hide his tears. Rohit and his parents call on the forest management. On their forest ride an elephant attacks them, and Rohit is separated from his parents. He falls down a mountain slope, hits his head and lies unconscious there. Siddesh finds Rohit and together they fight the adventures on their safari. It is as if the Goddess of the forest teaches them what life is.<br /> <br /> ==Cast==<br /> {{Cast listing|<br /> *Manish Ballal as Rajesh<br /> *Sahanashree as Prathibha<br /> *Kailash TV as Dare Devil Malinga <br /> *Master Rajiv Pratham as Rohit <br /> *Master Rakin Krishna as Siddesha <br /> *Althe best Khadar as Marappa <br /> *Vijaya Neenasam Heggodu as Muniyamma <br /> *Jagadish M. K. as Comrade Harish <br /> *Swathi Shimoga as Saroja<br /> *Baby Manasa as Chaitra<br /> *Baby Brinda as Vishala<br /> *Sulochana as Ningamma<br /> *Santosh Davanagere as Muni<br /> *Martesh as Malya<br /> *Shivanand as Madeva<br /> *Mirle Manjunath as Bharama<br /> *Venkatesh Babu as Bharama<br /> }}<br /> <br /> ==Production==<br /> ===Pre-production===<br /> Director Ravindra Venshi has conceived the idea of ''Putani Safari'' two year earlier, i.e. in 2014. But after so many hurdles, the script was completed, but due to financial matters, the project got shelved for two years. Afterwards, B. S. Chandrashekar was introduced by M. K. Jagadish, co producer to the director, upon hearing the concept, B. S. Chandrashekar agreed to produce the film under his banner Swarnaganga films. Initial pre-production activities like searching for locations began on 1 July 2016 even though story and screenplay was ready for production by January 2016. Putani Safari team went for searching greenery with wet condition forest locations for shooting, they selected places like [[Sirsi, Karnataka|Sirsi]], [[Siddapur, Uttara Kannada|Siddapur]]a, before shooting they shot animals stills and captured the videos of the animals like [[Lion]], [[Elephant]], [[Tigers]] etc. in the protected Forests like [[Bannerghatta National Park]], [[Bandipur]], [[Dubare]], [[Biligiriranga Hills]], [[K. Gudi]] etc.<br /> <br /> ===Filming===<br /> [[Principal photography]] started in the first week of September 2016 in [[Bangalore]]. Slum scenes, Rohit's Bangalore city scenes were completed in about a week and later after taking a break of one week, second schedule started in Siddapura and Sirsi for 22 days. Remaining shooting work was completed in Bangalore after that.<br /> <br /> ==Soundtrack==<br /> {{Infobox album<br /> | name = Putani Safari<br /> | type = soundtrack<br /> | artist = Veer Samarth<br /> | cover =<br /> | alt =<br /> | released = 2017<br /> | recorded =<br /> | venue =<br /> | studio =<br /> | genre = [[Film soundtrack|Feature film soundtrack]]<br /> | length =<br /> | language = [[Kannada language|Kannada]]<br /> | label = [[Lahari Music]]<br /> | producer = Veer Samarth<br /> | prev_title =<br /> | prev_year =<br /> | next_title =<br /> | next_year =<br /> }}<br /> <br /> The film's score and soundtrack was composed by Veer Samarth.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.123musiq.asia/home/album/520#|title=Putani-safari(2017)Kannada Songs|work=123Musiq}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> {{tracklist<br /> | headline = Tracklist<br /> | extra_column = Singer(s)<br /> | total_length = <br /> | title1 = Baitiraa Baree Baitiraa<br /> | lyrics1 = <br /> | extra1 = Arnav Veer Samarth, Shreyas Veer Samarth, M. R. Niharika, Siri Ramachandra<br /> | length1 = 4:20 minutes<br /> | <br /> }}<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * {{imdb title|6513084}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:2017 films]]<br /> [[Category:2017 Kannada-language films]]<br /> [[Category:Indian children's films]]</div>

Evan692365 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Atithi_Devo_Bhava_(film)&diff=488218 2026-03-03T09:16:01Z

<p>Evan692365: Stub...</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|2022 Indian Telugu-language film}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=January 2022}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=January 2022}}<br /> {{Infobox film<br /> | name = Atithi Devo Bhava<br /> | image = Atithi Devo Bhava poster.jpeg<br /> | alt = <br /> | caption = Theatrical release poster<br /> | director = Polimera Nageshawar<br /> | screenplay = Rajani Rajababu<br /> | story = K. Venugopal Reddy<br /> | producer = Raja Babu Miryala&lt;br/&gt;Ashok Reddy Miryala<br /> | starring = {{ubl|[[Aadi Saikumar]]|Nuveksha}}<br /> | cinematography = Amarnath Bommireddy<br /> | editing = [[Karthika Srinivas]]<br /> | music = [[Shekar Chandra]]<br /> | studio = Srinivasa Cine Creations<br /> | released = {{Film date|2022|01|07|df=yes}}<br /> | runtime = 133 minutes{{Citation needed|date=September 2025}} <br /> | country = India<br /> | language = Telugu<br /> | budget = <br /> | gross = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''''Atithi Devo Bhava''''' ({{translation|Guests are our God}}) is a 2022 Indian Telugu-language [[romantic action]] film directed by debutant Polimera Nageshawar and produced by Srinivasa Cine Creations. The film stars [[Aadi Saikumar]] and Nuveksha with music composed by [[Shekar Chandra]]. The plot follows Abhay who has [[monophobia]] and his life takes a dramatic turn after meets his love interest. The film is released theatrically on 7 January 2022.<br /> <br /> ==Plot==<br /> {{more plot|section|date=April 2022}}&lt;!--Plot summary should be 400-700 words per WP:FILMPLOT; word count when the tag is placed: 127 --&gt;<br /> Abhi suffers from a problem called [[Autophobia|Mono Phobia]]. Because of this, he cannot survive alone and always expects someone to be on his side. In this process, he falls in love with Vaishnavi. When everything seems to be going fine, Abhi's phobia creates new misunderstandings in his love story.<br /> <br /> == Cast ==<br /> * [[Aadi Saikumar]] as Abhay &quot;Abhi&quot; Ram <br /> * [[Nuveksha]] as Vaishnavi<br /> * [[Aadarsh Balakrishna]]<br /> * [[Rohini (actress)|Rohini]] as Abhi's mother<br /> * [[Raghu Karumanchi]]<br /> * [[Ravi Prakash]]<br /> * Naveena Reddy<br /> * [[Saptagiri (actor)|Saptagiri]]<br /> <br /> == Production and release ==<br /> The film marks the directorial debut of Polimera Nageshawar. Filming primarily took place around [[Hyderabad]] while the songs were shot in [[Darjeeling]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2022-01-04|title='Atithi Devo Bhava' will give Aadi Saikumar a good break: Director|url=https://telanganatoday.com/atithi-devo-bhava-will-give-aadi-saikumar-a-good-break-director|url-status=live|website=Telangana Today|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220104091508/https://telanganatoday.com/atithi-devo-bhava-will-give-aadi-saikumar-a-good-break-director |archive-date=4 January 2022 }}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Shekar Chandra]] composed the music while [[Karthika Srinivas]] and Amarnath Reddy performed the editing and cinematography respectively.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2021-09-07|title=Aadi Sai Kumar's next titled 'Atithi Devobhava,' first look poster out|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/aadi-sai-kumars-next-titled-atithi-devobhava-first-look-poster-out/articleshow/85826999.cms|url-status=live|access-date=|website=The Times of India|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210901084141/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/aadi-sai-kumars-next-titled-atithi-devobhava-first-look-poster-out/articleshow/85826999.cms |archive-date=1 September 2021 }}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Atithi Devo Bhava'' was released on 7 January 2022 ahead of the festival of [[Makar Sankranti|Sankranti]], following the postponement of major Telugu productions like [[RRR (film)|''RRR'']] and ''[[Radhe Shyam]]''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=2022-01-06|title=Nagarjuna, Naga Chaitanya's 'Bangarraju' joins Sankranti race|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/nagarjuna-naga-chaitanyas-bangarraju-joins-sankranti-race/article38146706.ece}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Soundtrack==<br /> The soundtrack album consists of four singles composed by [[Shekar Chandra]], and released by [[Sony Music South]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Atithi Devobhava (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) |url=https://music.youtube.com/playlist?list=OLAK5uy_nAo7TuNQCId8lDoyY3sXktBa211VHMu2M |website=Youtube Music |access-date=12 January 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> {{Tracklist<br /> | extra_column = Singer(s)<br /> | total_length = 13:04<br /> | headline = Atithi Devobhava (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack)<br /> | title1 = Baguntundhi Nuvvu Navvithe<br /> | lyrics1 = [[Bhaskarabhatla]]<br /> | extra1 = [[Sid Sriram]], Nutana Mohan<br /> | length1 = 3:43<br /> | title2 = Ninnu Chudagane<br /> | lyrics2 = Bhaskarabhatla<br /> | extra2 = [[Anurag Kulkarni]]<br /> | length2 = 3:25<br /> | title3 = Gaaju Bomma Teeruna<br /> | lyrics3 = Krishna Kanth<br /> | extra3 = Hrithika Aanandhi, Ritesh G Rao<br /> | length3 = 3:41<br /> | title4 = Chinni Gunde<br /> | lyrics4 = Geetha Krishna<br /> | extra4 = Sri Kavya Chandana, Ritesh G Rao<br /> | length4 = 2:15<br /> }}<br /> <br /> == Reception ==<br /> A reviewer from ''[[The Hans India]]'' rated the film 1.5 stars of 5 and wrote, &quot;''Atithi Devo Bhava'' is a regular and outdated romantic family entertainer that lacks impactful narration and convincing screenplay. Though the lead actors gave a decent performance, the film struggles with loopholes like uneven narration and outdated treatment.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2022-01-09|title=Atithi Devo Bhava Movie Review: Outdated family entertainer|url=https://www.thehansindia.com/movie-reviews/atithi-devo-bhava-movie-review-outdated-family-entertainer-78633|url-status=live|website=The Hans India|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220111143747/https://www.thehansindia.com/movie-reviews/atithi-devo-bhava-movie-review-outdated-family-entertainer-78633 |archive-date=11 January 2022 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Anji Shetty of [[Sakshi (newspaper)|''Sakshi'']], who also rated the same, opined that the director had failed in execution despite having a novel idea.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Shetty|first=Anji|date=2022-01-07|title='అతిథి దేవో భవ' మూవీ రివ్యూ|url=https://www.sakshi.com/telugu-news/movies/atithi-devo-bhava-movie-review-and-rating-telugu-1425675|url-status=live|website=Sakshi|language=te|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220107085057/https://www.sakshi.com/telugu-news/movies/atithi-devo-bhava-movie-review-and-rating-telugu-1425675 |archive-date=7 January 2022 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> A reviewer from ''[[Eenadu]]'' appreciated the storyline and score but criticized the screenplay.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2022-01-07|title=Atithi DevoBhava Review: రివ్యూ అతిథి దేవోభవ|url=https://www.eenadu.net/telugu-news/movies/aadi-saikumar-atithi-devobhava-telugu-movie-review/0201/122005107|url-status=live|access-date=|website=Eenadu|language=te|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220107091104/https://www.eenadu.net/telugu-news/movies/aadi-saikumar-atithi-devobhava-telugu-movie-review/0201/122005107 |archive-date=7 January 2022 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Surya Prakash of ''[[Asianet News Network|Asianet News]]'' felt the film lacked a thriller element which could keep the audience hooked to the story while the comedy and action sequences were poorly handled.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Prakash|first=Surya|date=2022-01-07|title=Review: ఆది 'అతిథి దేవో భవ' మూవీ రివ్యూ|url=https://telugu.asianetnews.com/movie-reviews/aadi-atithi-devo-bhava-review-r5c3id|url-status=live|access-date=|website=[[Asianet News Network]]|language=te|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220107100406/https://telugu.asianetnews.com/movie-reviews/aadi-atithi-devo-bhava-review-r5c3id |archive-date=7 January 2022 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> * {{IMDb title|15341118}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:2022 Telugu-language films]]<br /> [[Category:2022 Indian films]]<br /> [[Category:Indian romantic action films]]<br /> [[Category:2020s romantic action films]]<br /> [[Category:Films about mental disorders]]<br /> [[Category:Films set in Hyderabad, India]]<br /> [[Category:Films shot in Hyderabad, India]]<br /> [[Category:Films shot in Darjeeling]]<br /> [[Category:2022 directorial debut films]]<br /> [[Category:2022 films]]<br /> [[Category:2022 romance films]]<br /> [[Category:2022 action films]]<br /> [[Category:Films scored by Shekar Chandra]]</div>

Evan692365 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Coat_(film)&diff=473315 2026-03-02T04:02:00Z

<p>Evan692365: small fix content for accuracy and cleaned formatting</p> <hr /> <div>{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2024}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=February 2024}}<br /> {{Infobox film<br /> | name = Coat<br /> | image = Coat (film).jpg<br /> | alt = <br /> | caption = Release poster<br /> | native_name =<br /> | director = Akshay Ditti<br /> | writer = Kumar Abhishek&lt;br&gt;Akshay Ditti<br /> | based_on = <br /> | producer = Kumar Abhishek&lt;br&gt;Arpit Garg&lt;br&gt;Pinnu Singh<br /> | starring = {{Plainlist|<br /> *[[Sanjay Mishra (actor)|Sanjay Mishra]]<br /> *Vivaan Shah <br /> *[[Sonal Jha]] <br /> *Pooja Pandey<br /> }}<br /> | cinematography = Yogesh M. Koli<br /> | editing = Sanjay Sankla<br /> | music = [[Vardan Singh]] &lt;br /&gt;Hriju Roy<br /> | studio = Arpit Garg and Brandex Entertainment&lt;br&gt;perfect Time Pictures&lt;BR&gt;Black Panthers Movies LTD.<br /> | distributor = <br /> | released = {{Film date|df=yes|2023|05|26}}<br /> | runtime = 123 minutes<br /> | country = India<br /> | language = Hindi<br /> | budget =<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''''Coat''''' is a 2023 Indian [[Hindi]]-language [[drama]] film directed by Akshay Ditti. Produced by Pinnu Singh, Arpit Garg, Kumar Abhishek and Shiv Aryan, the film stars [[Sanjay Mishra (actor)|Sanjay Mishra]], [[Vivaan Shah]], Pooja Pandey and [[Sonal Jha]]. The film was released theatrically on 26 May 2023.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnbctv18.com/entertainment/from-coat-to-the-hunt-of-veerappan-top-ott-releases-and-movies-to-watch-this-weekend-17443061.htm |title=From Coat to The Hunt of Veerappan, top OTT releases and movies to watch this weekend |date=5 August 2023|work=[[CNBC TV18]]|language=en|access-date=25 August 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230806073212/https://www.cnbctv18.com/entertainment/from-coat-to-the-hunt-of-veerappan-top-ott-releases-and-movies-to-watch-this-weekend-17443061.htm |archive-date=6 August 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Plot ==<br /> Madho and his father are [[Pig farming|pig farmers]], of a low [[caste]], and are not respected by the other villagers. One day he sees a foreigner being respected and because of his expensive coat. Determined Madho tries to acquire a coat that he cannot afford.<br /> <br /> ==Cast==<br /> {{Castlist|<br /> *[[Sanjay Mishra (actor)|Sanjay Mishra]] as Mohan<br /> *[[Vivaan Shah]] as Madho<br /> *[[Sonal Jha]] as Sahamuni<br /> *Pooja Pandey as Sakshi<br /> *Hare Krishn as Umesh<br /> *Badal Rajpoot as Naval<br /> *Harshita Pandey as Saraswati<br /> *Abhishek Chauhan as Kannu<br /> *Aarohi Nanda <br /> *Deepak Singh Yadav <br /> *Navin Prakash as Akshay<br /> *Gagan Gupta}}<br /> <br /> ==Production==<br /> ===Filming===<br /> <br /> [[Principal photography]] of the film commenced on 18 November 2018&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.bhaskar.com/shooting-in-tungi-of-39coat39-film-based-on-the-struggle-of-mahadalitas-024019-3221057.html/ |title=महादलितों के संघर्ष पर आधारित 'कोट' फिल्म की तुंगी में चल रही शूटिंग |date=18 November 2018|work=[[Dainik Bhaskar]]|language=hi|access-date=25 August 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230825145547/https://www.bhaskar.com/shooting-in-tungi-of-39coat39-film-based-on-the-struggle-of-mahadalitas-024019-3221057.html/ |archive-date=25 August 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; and On 24 April 2019, entire shooting of the film has been wrapped up&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.punekarnews.in/sanjay-mishra-and-vivan-shah-wrapped-last-schedule-of-coat/#:~:text=24%20April%202019%20%3A%20Sanjay%20Mishra,account%20to%20announce%20the%20news |title=Sanjay Mishra and Vivan Shah wrapped Last schedule of 'Coat' |date=24 April 2019|work=punekarnews.in|language=en|access-date=25 August 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190622024616/http://www.punekarnews.in/sanjay-mishra-and-vivan-shah-wrapped-last-schedule-of-coat/ |archive-date=22 June 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Reception==<br /> ===Critical response===<br /> Archika Khurana of ''[[The Times of India]]'' wrote &quot;This 123-minute film manages to capture the essence of hope, perseverance, and self-discovery, depicting the struggles and aspirations of a young boy determined to overcome societal limitations and earn the respect he rightfully deserves&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-reviews/coat/movie-review/102393212.cms?from=mdr |title=Coat Movie Review: A genuine attempt to depict the complexities of caste-based prejudice, but the execution falls short |date=3 August 2023|work=[[The Times of India]]|language=en|access-date=25 August 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230817013230/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-reviews/coat/movie-review/102393212.cms?from=mdr |archive-date=17 August 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sakshi Pandey of ''[[Amar Ujala]]'' says &quot;If such films are promoted and released properly, then definitely the audience can come to watch the film in cinema houses&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.amarujala.com/entertainment/movie-review/coat-movie-review-film-directed-by-akshay-ditti-vivaan-shah-sanjay-mishra-read-here-2023-08-05 |title=Coat Movie Review: विवान आखिर बन ही गए अदाकारी के 'शाह', नसीर के बेटे की ये फिल्म भीतर तक झकझोर देगी |date=5 August 2023|work=[[Amar Ujala]]|language=hi|access-date=25 August 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230824120252/https://www.amarujala.com/entertainment/movie-review/coat-movie-review-film-directed-by-akshay-ditti-vivaan-shah-sanjay-mishra-read-here-2023-08-05 |archive-date=24 August 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; A critic from ''[[Nava Bharat]]'' wrote &quot;Akshay Ditti's direction is amazing. He has effectively presented every scene. Coat is a cinema to watch, a cinema to learn from&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.enavabharat.com/entertainment/movies/sanjay-mishra-starrer-coat-is-a-eye-opening-story-of-hypocrisy-in-the-society-with-respect-to-caste-and-creed-coat-movie-review-784877/ |title=Coat Movie Reviewसमाज में बरसों से पनप रहे उंच-नीच और भेदभाव की भावना को बखूभी दर्शाती है संजय मिश्र की ये फिल्म |date=4 August 2023|work=[[Nava Bharat]]|language=hi|access-date=25 August 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230805101047/https://www.enavabharat.com/entertainment/movies/sanjay-mishra-starrer-coat-is-a-eye-opening-story-of-hypocrisy-in-the-society-with-respect-to-caste-and-creed-coat-movie-review-784877/ |archive-date=5 August 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> * {{IMDb title|tt9313004}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:2023 drama films]]<br /> [[Category:Indian drama films]]<br /> [[Category:2023 Indian films]]<br /> [[Category:2023 Hindi-language films]]</div>

Evan692365 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Basanta_Utsab&diff=489971 2026-02-25T02:10:58Z

<p>Evan692365: Put up...</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Bengali spring festival celebrated in India}}<br /> {{italic title}}<br /> {{For|the Bangladeshi festival|Pohela Falgun}}<br /> [[File:Basanto Utsav.jpg|250px|thumb|right|A view of the Basanta Utsab celebration held in [[Jorasanko Thakur Bari|Jorasanko Thakurbari]] in 2016.]]<br /> '''Basanta Utsab''' ({{langx|bn|বসন্ত উৎসব}}) is a [[Culture of Bengal|Bengali]] [[Festival#Seasonal and harvest festivals|spring festival]] predominantly celebrated in the [[India]]n state of [[West Bengal]]. The festival is celebrated every year on the beginning day of [[Bengali calendars|Bengali month]] of [[Falgun]].&lt;ref name=&quot;anandabazar1&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title=বসন্তোৎসবের অর্থ |url=https://www.anandabazar.com/editorial/our-opinion/our-opinion-meaning-of-basanta-utsav-in-santiniketan/cid/1411767 |access-date=8 March 2024 |work=www.anandabazar.com |agency=Anandabazar Patrika |publisher=ABP |date=5 March 2023 |language=bn}}&lt;/ref&gt; Celebrations of the festival are observed in West Bengal and Bengali-dominated areas of other Indian states; [[Shantiniketan]], a neighbourhood of [[Bolpur]] town in West Bengal, sees the biggest celebration of the festival. <br /> This festival started in the third decade of the 20th century in Santiniketan of Bolpur in West Bengal. [[Rabindranath Tagore]] made the ''Basanta Utsab'' sacred and well-cultured. This festival showcases the elegant form of [[Holi]] and Bengal's own [[Dol Purnima]].<br /> <br /> == History ==<br /> Shamindranath Tagore, son of Rabindranath Tagore, started ''Ritu-Utsab'' in 1907, but not held on ''Dol Purnima''. Then at different times on different dates, the Ashram of Santiniketan celebrated ''Basanta''. It was customary to circumambulate the ashram to sing spring songs.&lt;ref name=&quot;anandabazar1&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> In 1923, Basanta Utsab was started in [[Santiniketan]]; it was organized in Ashram-Sammilani session on ''Falguni Purnima''. The festival has been organized regularly since 1923.&lt;ref name=&quot;anandabazar1&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> {{commons category|Basanta Utsav}}<br /> <br /> *[https://www.wbtourism.gov.in/festival-basantautshav Festival Basanta Utshav]<br /> {{Culture of West Bengal}}<br /> [[Category:Culture of West Bengal]]<br /> [[Category:Culture of Bangladesh]]<br /> [[Category:Spring (season) in Bangladesh]]</div>

Evan692365 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=P._F._Mathews&diff=523331 2026-02-23T16:26:54Z

<p>Evan692365: made new article</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian writer (born 1960)}}<br /> {{Indian patronymic|Mathews|Poovankery Francis}}<br /> {{EngvarB|date=August 2014}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2014}}<br /> {{Infobox person<br /> | name = P. F. Mathews<br /> | image = Mathews at EeMaYau premiere.jpg<br /> | imagesize = 160px<br /> | caption = Mathews at the premiere of [[Ee.Ma.Yau]]<br /> | birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1960|2|18}}<br /> | birth_place = [[Ernakulam]], [[Kerala State]], India<br /> | death_date = <br /> | death_place = <br /> | restingplace = <br /> | restingplacecoordinates = <br /> | othername = <br /> | occupation = Author, screenwriter<br /> | yearsactive = <br /> | spouse = Shobha<br /> | domesticpartner = <br /> | children = Unni Mathews, Anand Mathews<br /> | parents = Francis&lt;br /&gt;Mary<br /> | notable_works = {{ubl|''Chavunilam''|''Iruttil Oru Punyalan''|''[[Ee.Ma.Yau]]'' |''Adiyalapretham''|''Kadalinte Manam''|''Kaanaayma''|''Moonga''}}<br /> | website = <br /> | awards = {{ublist|2010&amp;nbsp;[[National Film Award (India)]] 1991&amp;nbsp;State Television Award for Best Screenplay|1993&amp;nbsp;State Television Award for Best Screenplay|1993&amp;nbsp;[[National Film Development Corporation of India|NFDC]] Prize for Best Screenplay|1996&amp;nbsp;[[State Bank of Travancore]] Award for Best Novel|1999&amp;nbsp;[[Kerala Catholic Bishops' Council|KCBC Award]]|2019&amp;nbsp;Movie Street Film Award|2020&amp;nbsp;Vaikom Muhammed Basheer award|2021&amp;nbsp;Akbar Kakkattil Award|2021&amp;nbsp;[[Kerala Sahitya Akademi Award for Novel]]|2022&amp;nbsp;[[Kerala Sahitya Akademi Award for Story]]|2023 [[News18 Kerala]] Malayali of the Year|2025&amp;nbsp;G Smaraka Puraskaram|2025&amp;nbsp;Pravasa Kairali Sahithya Puraskaram}}<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Poovankery Francis Mathews''' is an Indian author of [[Malayalam literature]] and a [[screenplay writer]] in Malayalam film and Television industries.&lt;ref name=&quot;Kutti Srankinte Ezhuthukaran&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url=http://www.mathrubhumi.com/movies/interview/14527/ | title=Kutti Srankinte Ezhuthukaran | publisher=Mathrubhumi | date=9 July 2008 | access-date=September 10, 2015 | archive-date=19 December 2013 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131219081610/http://www.mathrubhumi.com/movies/interview/14527/ | url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; A Winner of a [[National Film Award for Best Screenplay]]&lt;ref name=&quot;57th National Film Awards&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/57thNFA.pdf | title=57th National Film Awards | publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals | date=2010 | access-date=September 10, 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; and multiple State television and other literary awards including the [[Kerala Sahitya Akademi Award for Novel]] and [[Kerala Sahitya Akademi Award for Story]], he is known for his original style of writing.&lt;ref name=&quot;Veethi profile&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url=http://www.veethi.com/india-people/p._f._mathews-profile-4011-25.htm | title=Veethi profile | publisher=Veethi | date=2015 | access-date=September 10, 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; Literary works such as ''Muzhakkam'', ''Kadalinte Manam'', ''Adiyalapretham'', ''Iruttil Oru Punyalan'', and ''Chaavunilam'' and screenplays such as ''Sararaanthal'', ''Mikhayelinte Santhathikal'', ''Megham'', ''[[Kutty Srank]]'' and ''[[Ee.Ma.Yau]]'' are his major works.&lt;ref name=&quot;Veethi profile&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Early years==<br /> Mathews was born in a Latin Christian family&lt;ref name=&quot;The Kochi novel&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url=http://fountainink.in/?p=6228 | title=The Kochi novel | publisher=Fountain Ink | date=2015 | access-date=September 10, 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; on 18 February 1960 in Ernakulam, Kerala to Francis of the Poovankery house and his wife Mary.&lt;ref name=&quot;Chavunilam - About the author&quot;&gt;{{cite book | title=Chavunilam - About the author | publisher=DC Books | date=2015 |isbn = 978-8122606683}}&lt;/ref&gt; After his early schooling in Don Bosco School and St. Augustine's School, [[Kochi, India|Kochi]], he graduated in economics from [[St. Albert's College]] Kochi, in 1980 and secured his master's degree in Malayalam in 1982.&lt;ref name=&quot;Chavunilam - About the author&quot; /&gt; He started writing at the age of 10 when he used to write and direct one- act plays.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ente Cinema - Part 1&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SXMuXAhQMH0 | title=Ente Cinema - Part 1 | publisher=Ente Cinema Videos | work=Interview | date=15 August 2012 | access-date=9 August 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; He took to short stories at the age of 16&lt;ref name=&quot;Ente Cinema - Part 1&quot; /&gt; and his short stories have been published in leading Malayalam publications like [[Malayala Manorama]], [[Kalakaumudi]], [[Mathrubhumi]], [[Madhyamam]] and [[Bhashaposhini]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Chavunilam - About the author&quot; /&gt; He spent his regular career at Advocate General's Office of the [[High Court of Kerala]] from where he superannuated in 2016.&lt;ref name=&quot;A writer who isn’t in the race&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/a-writer-who-isnt-in-the-race/article8395398.ece |title=A writer who isn't in the race |date=March 25, 2016 |work=The Hindu|last1=Praveen |first1=S. r. }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Literary career==<br /> His first short story anthology, ''Njayarazhcha Mazha Peyyukayayirunnu'' (It Was Raining on Sunday), was published in 1986 by Current Books. His second work was a novel, ''Chaavunilam'' (Land of the Dead),&lt;ref name=&quot;Chaavunilam&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url=http://www.keralabookstore.com/book/Chaavunilam-/2560/ | title=Chaavunilam | access-date=9 August 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; based on the coastal life in Kochi&lt;ref name=&quot;വാഴ്വ് തേടുന്ന ചാവുനിലം&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.iemalayalam.com/literature/chavunilam-pf-mathews-malayalam-fiction-rahul-radhakrishnan/ |title=വാഴ്വ് തേടുന്ന ചാവുനിലം |date=March 27, 2017 |publisher=The Indian Express - Malayalam}}&lt;/ref&gt; and published in 1996 by [[DC Books]],&lt;ref name=&quot;P F Mathews, the writer of novel 'Chavunilam' in Aksharam&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9XohhDOZ9-0 | title=P F Mathews, the writer of novel 'Chavunilam' in Aksharam | publisher=Asianet News | work=[[YouTube]] video | date=9 October 2014 | access-date=September 10, 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; which won the [[State Bank of Travancore]] award for the best novel.&lt;ref name=&quot;P F Mathews, the writer of novel 'Chavunilam' in Aksharam&quot; /&gt; Subsequent years produced two more short story collections, ''Jalakanyakayum Gandarvanum'' (the Mermaid and the Celestial Lover) and ''2004il Alice'' (Alice in 2004).&lt;ref name=&quot;2004il Alice&quot;&gt;{{cite book | url = http://onlinestore.dcbooks.com/books/2004-il-alees | title = 2004il Alice | author = P. F. Mathews | year = 2004 | publisher = D C Books | isbn = 9788126415731}}&lt;/ref&gt; In 2013, a short story anthology, ''Kathakal'' (Stories),&lt;ref name=&quot;Kathakal&quot;&gt;{{cite book | url = http://onlinestore.dcbooks.com/books/kathakal-p-f-mathews# | title = Kathakal | author = P. F. Mathews | year = 2013 | publisher = D C Books | isbn = 9788126434619}}&lt;/ref&gt; and his memoirs, ''Theerajeevithathinu Oru Oppees'' (A Requiem for the Coastal Life), were published.&lt;ref name=&quot;Theerajeevithathinu Oru Oppees&quot;&gt;{{cite book | url=http://onlinestore.dcbooks.com/books/theerajevithathinu-oru-oppees#; | title=Theerajeevithathinu Oru Oppees | publisher=DC Books | author=P. F. Mathews | year=2013 | pages=84 | isbn=9788126442317}}&lt;/ref&gt; His second novel, ''Iruttil Oru Punyalan'' (A Saint Shrouded in Darkness), was published in 2015, and two of its chapters were published by [[Mathrubhumi]] weekly, prior to the official release of the book.&lt;ref name=&quot;Iruttil oru Punyalan&quot;&gt;{{cite journal | title=Iruttil oru Punyalan | author=P. F. Mathews | journal=Mathrubhumi Weekly |date=August 2015 | volume=93 | issue=22}}&lt;/ref&gt; The book has since been translated into [[Tamil language|Tamil]], under the title, ''Iruttil Oru Punithan'', by P. S. Ramesh.&lt;ref name=&quot;Iruttil Oru Punithan&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |title=Iruttil Oru Punithan |last=Mathews |first=P. F. |publisher=Kalakattam |year=2019 |isbn=9788190788359 |location=Chennai |translator-last=Ramesh |translator-first=P. S.}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Film and television career==<br /> Mathews debuted into screen writing with a documentary film, ''Keep the City Clean''.&lt;ref name=&quot;Veethi profile&quot; /&gt; In 1991, he won the Kerala State Television Award for screen play, for the tele-series ''Sararaanthal'' (The Lantern), broadcast in [[Doordarshan]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Veethi profile&quot; /&gt; He received his second state television award for ''Mikhayelinte Santhathikal'' (Descendants of Mikhayel), in 1993.&lt;ref name=&quot;Veethi profile&quot; /&gt; Several works followed, which included ''Dr. Harischandra'' (1994), ''Roses in December'' (1995), ''Charulatha'' (1999), ''Aathma'' (2000), ''Edayanum Mankidavum'' (2003), Megham (2004), ''Mantharam'' (2005), ''Aa Amma'' (2006), ''Pakalmazha'' (2009) and ''Daivathinu Swantham Devootti'' (2012), the last one winning State television award for the best Series.&lt;ref name=&quot;Kerala State Television Awards 2012&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url=http://www.keralatv.in/2012/09/kerala-state-television-awards-2012/ | title=Kerala State Television Awards 2012 | publisher=Kerala TV | date=14 September 2012 | access-date=September 10, 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; He has also won the script writing competition held nationwide by [[National Film Development Corporation of India]], for ''Naattukaaryam'', in 1993.&lt;ref name=&quot;Veethi profile&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> Mathews' foray into big screen was in 1986 with the story of [[Thanthram]] (the Plot), a [[Mammooty]] starrer.&lt;ref name=&quot;Thanthram&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0271816/ | title=Thanthram | publisher=IMDB | date=2015 | access-date=September 10, 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; This was followed by ''[[Puthran]]'' (the Son),&lt;ref name=&quot;Puthran - Worldcat index&quot;&gt;{{cite AV media | OCLC=34977936 | url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/34977936 | title=Puthran - Worldcat index | publisher=Thomsun | date=1994 | people=Jude Attipetty, Jose Prakash, Biju Menon | medium=Feature film}}&lt;/ref&gt; a sequel to the successful tele series, ''Mikhayelinte Santhathikal''.&lt;ref name=&quot;Puthran&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0353922 | title=Puthran | publisher=IMDB | date=2015 | access-date=September 10, 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; The next was [[Kutty Srank]], directed by [[Shaji N. Karun]],&lt;ref name=&quot;P F Mathews is back&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url=http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/malayalam/article/39599.html | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080627175911/http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/malayalam/article/39599.html | url-status=dead | archive-date=27 June 2008 | title=P F Mathews is back | work=India Glitz | date=25 June 2008 | access-date=September 10, 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; which won him the [[National Film Award for Best Screenplay]] for the year 2010.&lt;ref name=&quot;57th National Film Awards&quot; /&gt; ''Antichrist'', a [[Lijo Jose Pellissery]] project, with [[Prithviraj Sukumaran|Prithviraj]], [[Fahadh Faasil]] and [[Indrajith Sukumaran|Indrajith]] in lead roles,&lt;ref name=&quot;Antichrist&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url=http://movies.buzzintown.com/antichrist/segment--synopsis/id--699497.html | title=Antichrist | publisher=Buzz in Town | date=2015 | access-date=September 10, 2015 | archive-date=5 April 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160405161738/http://movies.buzzintown.com/antichrist/segment--synopsis/id--699497.html | url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; was put on hold after initial discussions.&lt;ref name=&quot;A writer who isn’t in the race&quot; /&gt; The next project, [[Ee.Ma.Yau]], a [[Lijo Jose Pellissery]] film,&lt;ref name=&quot;Lijo Jose Pellissery’s next is a satire set in a fishing village - Times of India&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/lijo-jose-pellisserys-next-is-a-satire-set-in-a-fishing-village/articleshow/59971067.cms |title=Lijo Jose Pellissery's next is a satire set in a fishing village - Times of India |date=August 8, 2017 |website=The Times of India |access-date=2018-01-11}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Release of Lijo Jose’s 'Ee Ma Yau' postponed to 2018&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/release-lijo-jose-s-ee-ma-yau-postponed-2018-73483 |title=Release of Lijo Jose's 'Ee Ma Yau' postponed to 2018 |date=2017-12-20 |website=The News Minute |access-date=2018-01-11}}&lt;/ref&gt; was released in May 2018 and the film received good critical reviews.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ee Ma Yau (2018) Malayalam Movie Review - Veeyen&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://veeyen.com/film-reviews/ee-ma-yau-2018-malayalam-movie-review-veeyen/ |title=Ee Ma Yau (2018) Malayalam Movie Review - Veeyen |date=2018-05-05 |website=Veeyen Unplugged |language=en-US |access-date=2018-05-11}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Ee.Ma.Yau movie review: A class apart&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/040518/eemayau-movie-review-a-class-apart.html |title=Ee.Ma.Yau movie review: A class apart |date=2018-05-04 |website=[[Deccan Chronicle]] |language=en |access-date=2018-05-11}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;‘Ee.Ma.Yau’ review: Controlled splendour&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/eemayau-review-controlled-splendour/article23782298.ece |title='Ee.Ma.Yau' review: Controlled splendour |last=Sudhish |first=Navamy |date=2018-05-05 |website=The Hindu |language=en-IN |access-date=2018-05-11}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Ee.Ma.Yau review: Lijo Jose Pellissery outdoes himself, yet again&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.theweek.in/review/movies/2018/05/04/ee-ma-yau-review-lijo-jose-pellissery-outdoes-himself-yet-again.html |title=Ee.Ma.Yau review: Lijo Jose Pellissery outdoes himself, yet again |website=The Week |language=en |access-date=2018-05-11}}&lt;/ref&gt; Another Lijo Jose Pellissery film has also been announced, with Mamootty in the lead role.&lt;ref name=&quot;Mammootty In Lijo Jose Pellissery Movie&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.nthwall.com/malayalammovies/news/confirmed-mammootty-in-lijo-jose-pellissery-movie/ |title=Mammootty In Lijo Jose Pellissery Movie |date=March 11, 2016 |publisher=Nth Wall |access-date=5 April 2017 |archive-date=6 April 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170406023222/http://www.nthwall.com/malayalammovies/news/confirmed-mammootty-in-lijo-jose-pellissery-movie/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Mathews also sat in the jury panel of the [[Kerala State Film Awards]] for the year 2016.&lt;ref name=&quot;Kerala State Film Awards 2016 announced&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/2017/mar/07/kerala-state-film-awards-2016-anounced-manhole-takes-away-the-best-film-vinayakan-bags-the-best-ac-1578711--1.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170308221111/http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/2017/mar/07/kerala-state-film-awards-2016-anounced-manhole-takes-away-the-best-film-vinayakan-bags-the-best-ac-1578711--1.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=8 March 2017 |title=Kerala State Film Awards 2016 announced |date=March 7, 2017 |publisher=Express News Service - The New Indian Express}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Personal life==<br /> Mathews, a recipient of the [[Kerala Catholic Bishops' Council|KCBC]] Yuvaprathibha (Young Talent) award (1999), is married to Shobha&lt;ref name=&quot;Veethi profile&quot; /&gt; and the couple has two sons, Unni Mathews and Anand Mathews, both of whom are part of the 'Karikku' team.&lt;ref name=&quot;Chavunilam - About the author&quot; /&gt; He has been employed with the Advocate General's Office, Ernakulam,&lt;ref name=&quot;Chavunilam - About the author&quot; /&gt; and has since superannuated from service.&lt;ref name=&quot;A writer who isn’t in the race&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Awards and recognitions==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable plainrowheaders sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:75%&quot;<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:40%&quot; | Award<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:10%&quot; | Year<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:25%&quot; | Work<br /> |-<br /> | [[National Film Award for Best Screenplay]] || 2010 || ''[[Kutty Srank]]''<br /> |-<br /> | Kerala State Television Award for Best Screenplay || 1991 || ''Sararaanthal''<br /> |-<br /> | Kerala State Television Award for Best Screenplay || 1993 || ''Mikhayelinte Santhathikal''<br /> |-<br /> | [[National Film Development Corporation of India]] Prize for Best Screenplay || 1993 || ''Naattukaaryam''<br /> |-<br /> | [[State Bank of Travancore]] Award for Best Novel || 1996 || ''Chaavunilam''<br /> |-<br /> | [[Kerala Catholic Bishops' Council|KCBC]] Yuvaprathibha Award || 1999 || General Contribution<br /> |-<br /> | Movie Street Film Award for Best Screenplay&lt;ref name=&quot;മൂവീ സ്ട്രീറ്റ് അവാര്‍ഡ്: ജോജു മികച്ച നടന്‍; നിമിഷ, സംയുക്ത നടിമാര്‍&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.asianetnews.com/entertainment/movie-street-award-joju-selected-as-best-actor-and-nimish-and-samyuktha-as-best-actress-pm7243 |title=മൂവീ സ്ട്രീറ്റ് അവാര്‍ഡ്: ജോജു മികച്ച നടന്‍; നിമിഷ, സംയുക്ത നടിമാര്‍ |date=2019-02-05 |website=Asianet News Network Pvt Ltd |access-date=2019-02-05}}&lt;/ref&gt; || 2019 || ''[[Ee.Ma.Yau.]]''<br /> |-<br /> | Sinema Zetu International Film Festival Award for Best Screenplay&lt;ref name=&quot;SZIFF - International Film Festival Tanzania&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.sziff.co.tz/all_films_2019 |title=SZIFF - International Film Festival Tanzania |date=2019-03-05 |website=sziff.co.tz |access-date=2019-03-05 |archive-date=6 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306043702/https://www.sziff.co.tz/all_films_2019 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ഈ മ യൗ കുതിച്ചുയരുന്നു; മൂന്ന് അന്താരാഷ്ട്ര പുരസ്‌കാരങ്ങള്‍ കൂടി&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.mathrubhumi.com/movies-music/news/ee-ma-yau-malayalam-film-grabs-three-more-international-awards-at-tanzania-film-festival--1.3635329 |title=ഈ മ യൗ കുതിച്ചുയരുന്നു; മൂന്ന് അന്താരാഷ്ട്ര പുരസ്‌കാരങ്ങള്‍ കൂടി |website=Mathrubhumi |date=9 March 2019 |language=en |access-date=2019-03-11}}&lt;/ref&gt; || 2019 || ''[[Ee.Ma.Yau.]]''<br /> |-<br /> | Vaikom Muhammed Basheer Award&lt;ref name=&quot;PF Mathews- Speaker in Kerala literature Festival KLF –2020&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.keralaliteraturefestival.com/speakers_more.aspx?id=MTY5NA== |title=PF Mathews- Speaker in Kerala literature Festival- KLF –2020 |website=www.keralaliteraturefestival.com |access-date=2020-01-18}}&lt;/ref&gt; || 2019 || ''Pathimoonnu Kadalkaakkakalude Upama''<br /> |-<br /> | Akbar Kakkattil Award&lt;ref name=&quot;അക്ബർ കക്കട്ടിൽ പുരസ്ക്കാരം പി എഫ് മാത്യൂസിന്&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.dcbooks.com/akbar-kakkattil-award-for-pf-mathews.html |title=അക്ബർ കക്കട്ടിൽ പുരസ്ക്കാരം പി എഫ് മാത്യൂസിന് |website=www.dcbook.com |date=13 February 2021 |access-date=2021-02-13}}&lt;/ref&gt; || 2021 || ''Chila Pracheena Vikarangal''<br /> |-<br /> | 2020 [[Kerala Sahitya Akademi Award for Novel]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Akademi fellowship for Sethu, Perumbadavam&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |date=2021-08-17 |title=Akademi fellowship for Sethu, Perumbadavam |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/akademi-fellowship-for-sethu-perumbadavam/article35960287.ece |access-date=2021-08-17 |issn=0971-751X}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Kerala Sahitya Akademi awards announced, Sethu and Sreedharan honoured with fellowships&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |title=Kerala Sahitya Akademi awards announced, Sethu and Sreedharan honoured with fellowships |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/2021/aug/17/kerala-sahitya-akademi-awards-announced-sethu-and-sreedharan-honoured-with-fellowships-2345971.html |access-date=2021-08-17}}&lt;/ref&gt; || 2021 || ''Adiyala Pretham''<br /> |-<br /> | O V Vijayan Memorial Literary Award&lt;ref name=&quot;O.V. Vijayan awards for Mathews, Devadas, Nidhin&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |date=2023-02-02 |title=O.V. Vijayan awards for Mathews, Devadas, Nidhin |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/ov-vijayan-awards-for-mathews-devadas-nidhin/article66463747.ece |access-date=2023-02-03 |issn=0971-751X}}&lt;/ref&gt;|| 2022 || ''Adiyala Pretham''<br /> |-<br /> | [[Kerala Sahitya Akademi Award for Story]]&lt;ref name=&quot;കേരള സാഹിത്യ അക്കാദമി പുരസ്കാരങ്ങൾ പ്രഖ്യാപിച്ചു&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |date=2023-06-30 |title=കേരള സാഹിത്യ അക്കാദമി പുരസ്കാരങ്ങൾ പ്രഖ്യാപിച്ചു |language=ml |url=https://www.manoramaonline.com/literature/literaryworld/2023/06/30/kerala-sahithya-academy-awards-2022-annuonced.html |access-date=2023-06-30}}&lt;/ref&gt; || 2022 || ''Muzhakkam''<br /> |-<br /> | [[O. V. Vijayan Literary Award]]&lt;ref name=&quot;O.V. Vijayan award for writer P.F. Mathews&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |date=2023-10-20 |title=O.V. Vijayan award for writer P.F. Mathews |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/ov-vijayan-award-for-writer-pf-mathews/article67442240.ece |access-date=2023-10-20 |issn=0971-751X}}&lt;/ref&gt; || 2022 || ''Muzhakkam''<br /> |-<br /> | [[News18 Kerala]] Malayali of the Year&lt;ref name=&quot;News18 Kerala ‘Malayali of the year 2023’&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=November 10, 2023 |title=News18 Kerala ‘Malayali of the year 2023’ |url=https://www.medianews4u.com/news18-kerala-malayali-of-the-year-2023-honouring-keralas-trailblazers/ |access-date=2025-10-29 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Malayali of the Year 2023 Award Distribution&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Malayali of the Year 2023 Award Distribution |url=https://malayalam.news18.com/photogallery/kerala/news18-kerala-malayali-of-the-year-award-distribution-rv-635431-page-6.html |access-date=October 29, 2025 |website=News18.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Pinarayi Vijayan distributes News18 Malayali of the Year awards&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Pinarayi Vijayan distributes News18 Malayali of the Year awards |url=https://malayalam.news18.com/news/kerala/cm-pinarayi-vijayan-distributes-news-18-malayali-of-the-year-awards-rv-635456.html |access-date=October 29, 2025 |website=News18.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; || 2023 || Literary contributions<br /> |-<br /> | G Smaraka Puraskaram&lt;ref name=&quot;ജി സ്മാരക പുരസ്കാരം പി.എഫ്.മാത്യുസിന് സമ്മാനിച്ചു&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=ജി സ്മാരക പുരസ്കാരം പി.എഫ്.മാത്യുസിന് സമ്മാനിച്ചു |url=https://www.manoramaonline.com/district-news/ernakulam/2025/02/05/pf-mathew-receives-g-smaraka-award.html |access-date=2025-02-05 |website=ജി സ്മാരക പുരസ്കാരം പി.എഫ്.മാത്യുസിന് സമ്മാനിച്ചു |language=ml}}&lt;/ref&gt; || 2025 || ''Overall contributions''<br /> |-<br /> | Pravasa Kairali Sahithya Puraskaram&lt;ref name=&quot;Pravasa Kairali Sahithya Puraskaram on Mathrubhumi&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=October 30, 2025 |title=ഇന്ത്യൻ സോഷ്യൽ ക്ലബ്‌ മലയാളം വിഭാഗം കേരളോൽസവം നാളെ |url=https://www.mathrubhumi.com/pravasi/oman/keralautsav-muscat-pf-mathews-award-ff6zcgse |access-date=2025-11-02 |website=@mathrubhumi |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Gulf Madhyamam News&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |date=2025-10-30 |title=Gulf Madhyamam News |language=ml |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mb49O2KVRrs |access-date=2025-11-02}}&lt;/ref&gt; || 2025 || ''Adiyalapretham''<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Literary works==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable plainrowheaders sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:75%&quot;<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:40%&quot; | Work<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:10%&quot; | Year<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:25%&quot; | Genre / Comments<br /> |-<br /> | Njayarazhcha Mazha Peyyukayayirunnu || 1986 || Short story – Anthology<br /> |-<br /> | Chaavunilam&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |title=Chaavunilam |author=Mathews, P. F. |date=1996 |publisher=D C Books |isbn=9788171305667 |location=Kottayam}}&lt;/ref&gt; || 1996 || Novel<br /> |-<br /> | Jalakanyakayum Gandarvanum || 1998 || Short story – Anthology<br /> |-<br /> | 2004il Alice&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |title=2004-il Ālice |author=Mathews, P. F. |date=2007 |publisher=Ḍ. C. Books |isbn=978-8126415731 |location=Kottayam}}&lt;/ref&gt; || 2004 || Short story – Anthology<br /> |-<br /> | 27 Down || 2011 || Short story – Anthology<br /> |-<br /> | Kathakal&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |title=Kathakaḷ |author=Mathews, P. F. |date=2012 |publisher=D C Books |isbn=9788126434619 |location=Kottayam}}&lt;/ref&gt; || 2013 || Short story – Anthology<br /> |-<br /> | Theerajeevithathinu Oru Oppees&lt;ref name=&quot;Tưrajīvitattinȧ oru oppīs&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |title=Tưrajīvitattinȧ oru oppīs |author=Mātyūs, Pi. Ephȧ. |year=2013 |isbn=9788126442317 |location=Kottayam |oclc=876141516}}&lt;/ref&gt; || 2013 || Memoir<br /> |-<br /> | Iruttil Oru Punyalan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |title=Iruṭṭil Oru Punyaalan |author=Mathews, P. F. |year=2015 |isbn=9788126465101 |location=Kottayam}}&lt;/ref&gt; || 2015 || Novel<br /> |-<br /> | Pathimoonnu Kadalkakkakalude Upama&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |title=Pathimoonnu Kadalkakkakalude Upama |author=Mathews, P. F. |publisher=Logos Publishers |location=Thrissur}}&lt;/ref&gt; || 2018 || Short story – Anthology<br /> |-<br /> | Theranjedutha Kathakal&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |title=Theranjedutha Kathakal |author=Mathews, P. F. |publisher=D C Books |isbn=9789352824656 |location=Kottayam|year=2018 }}&lt;/ref&gt; || 2018 || Short story – Anthology<br /> |-<br /> | Ee Ma Yau&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |title=Ee Ma Yau |author=Mathews, P. F. |year=2019 |publisher=Logos Publishers |isbn=9789388364294 |location=Thrissur}}&lt;/ref&gt; || 2019 || Screenplay<br /> |-<br /> | Iruttil Oru Punithan&lt;ref name=&quot;Iruttil Oru Punithan&quot; /&gt; || 2019 || Tamil translation of ''Iruttil Oru Punyalan''<br /> |-<br /> | Adiyalapretham&lt;ref name=&quot;Adiyalapretham&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://greenbooksindia.com/Content.php?param=Product&amp;type=22273 |title=അടിയാളപ്രേതം |website=greenbooksindia.com |language=en |access-date=2019-12-04 |archive-date=20 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200920200548/https://greenbooksindia.com/Content.php?param=Product&amp;type=22273 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; || 2019 || Novel<br /> |-<br /> | Chila Pracheena Vikarangal&lt;ref name=&quot;Chila Pracheena Vikaranga&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2021-10-17 |title=Chila Pracheena Vikaranga |url=https://www.samakalikamalayalam.com/malayalam-vaarika/story/2019/sep/18/%E0%B4%9A%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B2-%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%9A%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%A8-%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%99%E0%B4%B3%E0%B5%8D-%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%8E%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%8D-%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D-%E0%B4%8E%E0%B4%B4%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF-%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%A5-66423.html |access-date=2021-10-17}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ചില പ്രാചീന വികാരങ്ങള്‍&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=ചില പ്രാചീന വികാരങ്ങള്‍ |url=https://keralabookstore.com/book/ചില-പ്രാചീന-വികാരങ്ങള്‍/13959/ |access-date=2021-10-17 |website=KeralaBookStore.com |language=ml}}&lt;/ref&gt; || 2019 || Short story – Anthology<br /> |-<br /> | Kadalinte Manam&lt;ref name=&quot;Kadalinte Manam&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=MATHEWS |first=P. F. |date=2021-01-01 |title=KADALINTE MANAM |url=https://www.amazon.in/KADALINTE-MANAM-P-F-MATHEWS/dp/B09FK63YSM/ref=sr_1_1?dchild=1&amp;qid=1634054060&amp;refinements=p_27%253AP.F.Mathews&amp;s=books&amp;sr=1-1 |access-date=2021-10-12 |publisher=DCB |language=Malayalam}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;കടലിന്റെ മണം, മനുഷ്യാന്തര്‍ഗതങ്ങളിലെ സമുദ്രഗന്ധം&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=എല്‍ |first=ജോണി എം |title=കടലിന്റെ മണം, മനുഷ്യാന്തര്‍ഗതങ്ങളിലെ സമുദ്രഗന്ധം |url=https://www.thecue.in/books/2021/09/09/kadalinte-manam-pf-mathews-book-review |access-date=2021-10-12 |website=The Cue |date=9 September 2021 |language=ml}}&lt;/ref&gt; || 2021 || Novel<br /> |-<br /> | Muzhakkam&lt;ref name=&quot;Muzhakkam&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=മുഴക്കം |url=https://buybooks.mathrubhumi.com/product/muzhakkam/ |access-date=2021-10-12 |website=buybooks.mathrubhumi.com |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;അനുഭവങ്ങളുടെ മുഴക്കങ്ങൾ അടയാളമാകുന്നു&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=മനോജ് |first=പ്രസീത |title=അനുഭവങ്ങളുടെ മുഴക്കങ്ങൾ അടയാളമാകുന്നു |url=https://www.mathrubhumi.com/books/book-reviews/book-review-muzhakkam-short-stories-p-f-mathews-1.6058199 |access-date=2021-10-12 |website=Mathrubhumi |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; || 2021 || Short story – anthology<br /> |-<br /> | Moonga&lt;ref name=&quot;Moonga&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Mathews |first=P F |url=https://dcbookstore.com/books/moonga |title=Moonga |date=2024-07-31 |publisher=DC Books |isbn=9789362549761 |publication-date=2024 |language=ml |trans-title=Owl}}&lt;/ref&gt; || 2024 || Short story – anthology<br /> |-<br /> |Kanayma&lt;ref name=&quot;Kanayma&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Mathews |first=P. F. |title=Kanayma |date=2024-10-31 |publisher=Manorama Books |language=ml}}&lt;/ref&gt; ||2024 ||Novel<br /> |-<br /> |Ochukalude Kaloppu&lt;ref name=&quot;Ochukalude Kaaloppu&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=January 29, 2026 |title=Ochukalude Kaaloppu - Mathrubhumi Books |url=https://www.mbibooks.com/product/ochukalude-kaaloppu/ |access-date=2026-02-23 |language=ml}}&lt;/ref&gt; ||2025 ||Memoirs<br /> <br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Tele-series and Documentaries==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable plainrowheaders sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:75%&quot;<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:30%&quot; | Work<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:10%&quot; | Genre<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:25%&quot; | Director<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:10%&quot; | Year<br /> |-<br /> | Keep the City Clean || Documentary || [[Jude Attipetty]] || 1981<br /> |-<br /> | Sararaanthal || Tele-series || [[Jude Attipetty]] || 1991<br /> |-<br /> | Mikhayelinte Santhathikal || Tele-series || [[Jude Attipetty]] || 1993<br /> |-<br /> | Dr. Harischandra || Tele-series || [[Jude Attipetty]] || 1994<br /> |-<br /> | Roses in December || Tele-series || [[Jude Attipetty]] || 1995<br /> |-<br /> | Charulatha || Tele-series || Prashanth || 1999<br /> |-<br /> | Aathma || Tele-series || [[Mohan Kupleri]] || 2000<br /> |-<br /> | Edayanum Mankidavum || Tele-series || [[Jude Attipetty]] || 2003<br /> |-<br /> | Megham || Tele-series || [[Saji Surendran]] || 2004<br /> |-<br /> | Mandaram || Tele-series || [[Saji Surendran]] || 2005<br /> |-<br /> | Aa Amma || Tele-series || Kiran || 2006<br /> |-<br /> | Pakalmazha || Tele-series || Gireesh Konni || 2009<br /> |-<br /> | Daivathinu Swantham Devootti || Tele-series || [[Madhupal]] || 2011<br /> |-<br /> | Kali Gandaki || Tele-series || [[Madhupal]] || 2017<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Filmography==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable plainrowheaders sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:75%&quot;<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:10%&quot; | Year<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:25%&quot; | Work<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:25%&quot; | Contribution<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:40%&quot; | Notes<br /> |-<br /> |1986 || [[Thanthram]] || Story ||<br /> |-<br /> |1995 || [[Puthran]] || Screenplay ||<br /> |-<br /> |2002 || Savithriyude Aranjanam || Screenplay ||<br /> |-<br /> |2009 || [[Kutty Srank]] || Screenplay || Won:[[National Film Award for Best Screenplay]]<br /> |-<br /> |2017 || [[Crossroad (2017 film)|Crossroad]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://m3db.com/artists/22396|title=പി എഫ് മാത്യൂസ്}}&lt;/ref&gt;|| Screenplay || Anthology film; Segment-''Oru Rathriyude Kooli''<br /> |-<br /> |2018 || [[Ee.Ma.Yau]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.manoramaonline.com/movies/movie-reviews/2018/05/04/ee-ma-yau-malayalam-movie-review-lijo-jose-pellissery-chemban-vinod-vinayakan.html|title=മരണത്തോളം സത്യസന്ധം ഈ ചിത്രം; റിവ്യു|work=ManoramaOnline|access-date=2018-05-04}}&lt;/ref&gt;|| Screenplay ||<br /> |-<br /> |2019 || [[A for Apple]] || Story ||<br /> |-<br /> |2019 || [[Athiran]] || Screenplay ||<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> * [[List of Indian writers]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist|colwidth=30em}}<br /> <br /> == Further reading ==<br /> * {{Cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/pf-mathews-on-writing-ee-ma-yau-and-telling-stories-of-marginalised-lives/article23852179.ece |title=Chronicle of a death |last=C |first=Sharika |date=2018-05-11 |work=The Hindu |access-date=2018-05-15 |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}<br /> * {{Cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/books/iruttil-oru-punyalan-explores-the-classical-legend-of-faust/article8413489.ece |title=Exorcism of the self |last=Pillai |first=Meena T. |date=2016-03-31 |work=The Hindu |access-date=2018-05-15 |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}<br /> * {{Cite web |url=https://www.marunadanmalayali.com/column/pusthaka-vich-ram/pathimoonnu-kadalkakkakalude-upama-130728 |title=Maranasankeerthanangal |last=Shaji Jacob |date=December 9, 2018 |website=www.marunadanmalayali.com |trans-title=മരണസങ്കീർത്തനങ്ങൾ |access-date=2019-01-27}}<br /> * {{Cite web |url=https://www.samakalikamalayalam.com/malayalam-vaarika/story/2019/sep/18/ചില-പ്രാചീന-വികാരങ്ങള്-പിഎഫ്-മാത്യൂസ്-എഴുതിയ-കഥ-66423.html |title=Chila Pracheena Vikarangal (short story) |date=2019-09-19 |website=www.samakalikamalayalam.com |language=en |trans-title=ചില പ്രാചീന വികാരങ്ങള്‍: പിഎഫ് മാത്യൂസ് എഴുതിയ കഥ |access-date=2019-09-19}}<br /> * {{cite web|last1=Kahlon|first1=Sukhpreet|title= Screenplay writers should be aware of socio-political situation of the country: PF Mathews at KNIFF|url= https://www.cinestaan.com/articles/2018/dec/10/17359/screenplay-writers-should-be-aware-of-socio-political-situation-of-the-country-pf-mathews-at-kniff|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20190130221933/https://www.cinestaan.com/articles/2018/dec/10/17359/screenplay-writers-should-be-aware-of-socio-political-situation-of-the-country-pf-mathews-at-kniff|url-status= live|archive-date= 30 January 2019|website=Cinestaan.com |access-date= 10 Dec 2018|ref= PF Mathews}}<br /> * {{Cite interview |last=Mathews |first=P F |interviewer=Aswathy Gopalakrishnan |title='When People Die, They Become Fiction' |url=https://silverscreenindia.com/movies/features/interviews/pfmathews/ |access-date=2023-06-12 |publisher=SilverscreenIndia |date=2018-05-22}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * {{IMDb name|nm1524141}}<br /> * {{Cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ld0RHlKVGS4&amp;feature=share |title=Oruvattam Koodi Episode 21 P. F. MATHEWS |last=Keralavision Satellite Channel |date=January 10, 2019 |website=YouTube |access-date=2019-02-03 |quote=In conversation with Kavitha Nair}}<br /> * {{cite web | url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SXMuXAhQMH0 | title=Ente Cinema - Part 1 | publisher=Ente Cinema Videos | work=Interview | date=15 August 2012 | access-date=9 August 2014}}<br /> * {{cite web | url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2Or2067-KPM | title=Ente Cinema - Part 2 | publisher=Ente Cinema Videos | work=Interview | date=15 August 2012 | access-date=9 August 2014}}<br /> * {{cite web | url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=njIxsaVF8Rw | title=Ente Cinema - Part 3 | publisher=Ente Cinema Videos | work=Interview | date=15 August 2012 | access-date=9 August 2014}}<br /> * {{cite web | url=http://donboscoimage.com/2010/09/national-award-winner-hounored-at-don-bosco | title=Felicitation - National Award | access-date=9 August 2014 | archive-date=2 May 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140502222151/http://donboscoimage.com/2010/09/national-award-winner-hounored-at-don-bosco/ | url-status=dead }}<br /> *{{cite web | url=http://keralabookstore.com/about-author/P-F-Mathews/1445/ | title=About Author - P. F. Mathews | publisher=Kerala Book Store | work=Author profile | date=2015 | access-date=September 10, 2015}}<br /> * {{Cite interview |last=P. F. Mathews |interviewer=Abhilash Melethil |title=മലയാളത്തിലെ നിരൂപകര്‍ മുഖ്യധാരയിലെ ലബ്ധപ്രതിഷ്ഠരെ കൊണ്ടാടുകയാണ് എന്നും ചെയ്തിട്ടുള്ളത് |type=Web |url=https://www.thecue.in/books/2019/06/02/pf-mathews-interview |access-date=2019-06-13 |publisher=Cue.in |date=2019-06-13 |quote=Translated title:Malayalam literary critics celebrate only the recognized mainstream writers}}<br /> * {{Cite web |title=തിരക്കഥയെ തിരിച്ചറിഞ്ഞ തിരക്കഥാകൃത്ത് - PF Mathews - Postcards (Part 1) |website = [[YouTube]]| date=5 May 2021 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hYp1GhVmqIQ |access-date=2021-05-05 |language=en}}<br /> <br /> {{Malayalam Literature |state=collapsed}}<br /> {{authority control}}<br /> {{Portal bar|Biography|India|Literature}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Mathews, P. F.}}<br /> [[Category:Malayalam screenwriters]]<br /> [[Category:Screenwriters from Kochi]]<br /> [[Category:Malayalam-language novelists]]<br /> [[Category:1960 births]]<br /> [[Category:Indian male novelists]]<br /> [[Category:Indian male short story writers]]<br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:Don Bosco schools alumni]]<br /> [[Category:University of Kerala alumni]]<br /> [[Category:20th-century Indian short story writers]]<br /> [[Category:20th-century Indian novelists]]<br /> [[Category:21st-century Indian novelists]]<br /> [[Category:21st-century Indian short story writers]]<br /> [[Category:Indian television writers]]<br /> [[Category:Novelists from Kerala]]<br /> [[Category:20th-century Indian male writers]]<br /> [[Category:21st-century Indian male writers]]<br /> [[Category:Best Original Screenplay National Film Award winners]]<br /> [[Category:Indian male television writers]]</div>

Evan692365 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Banjara_(Muslim)&diff=455918 2026-02-22T17:33:01Z

<p>Evan692365: updated page</p> <hr /> <div>#REDIRECT [[Banjara people]]</div>

Evan692365 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Robert_Hart_(horticulturist)&diff=459495 2026-02-19T14:12:09Z

<p>Evan692365: improved citations to improve readability as per guidelines</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|British gardener}}<br /> {{About|a botanist|other people|Robert Hart (disambiguation)}}<br /> {{Hatnote|Not to be confused with [[Robert Hartig]], a botanist who wrote the first forest pathology text book}}<br /> {{Use British English|date=June 2017}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=June 2017}}<br /> [[Image:Robert Hart (horticulturist).jpg|thumb|250px|Robert Hart pictured in his forest garden, July 1997]]<br /> '''Robert Adrian de Jauralde Hart''' (1 April 1913 – 7 March 2000) was an English pioneer of [[forest gardening]] in [[Temperateness|temperate zones]]. He created a model forest garden from a 0.12 acre (500&amp;nbsp;m²) orchard on his farm.&lt;ref name=Forest&gt;{{cite book |title=Forest Gardening |last=Hart |first=Robert |year=1996 |pages=41, 45 |publisher=Chelsea Green |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=N01940btQAQC&amp;q=forest%20gardening%20robert%20hart%20simple%20living&amp;pg=PA45 |isbn=9781603580502}}&lt;/ref&gt; He credits the inspiration for his work to an article by James Sholto Douglas, which was in turn inspired by the work of [[Toyohiko Kagawa]].&lt;ref name=Forest/&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Early life==<br /> <br /> Hart, son of a lawyer father and a [[soprano]] mother, was born in London and educated at [[Westminster School]], after which he was employed at [[Reuters]] news agency in charge of special Indian mails, work which involved compiling digests of weekly articles by [[Mahatma Gandhi]], whose nonviolence philosophy he took on board.&lt;ref name=Guardian&gt;{{cite web|title=Obituary - Robert Hart|url=https://www.theguardian.com/obituaries/story/0,,178796,00.html Obituary|website=theguardian.com|access-date=19 February 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> At the outbreak of [[World War II]] he considered registering as a [[conscientious objector]] but changed mind following [[Operation Dynamo|retreat from Dunkirk]] in 1940 and enlisted in the [[Royal Military Police|Corps of Military Police]], later transferring to the [[Intelligence Corps (United Kingdom)|Intelligence Corps]] to work in code-breaking.&lt;ref name=Guardian/&gt;<br /> <br /> After demobilisation, he was a dairy farmer in [[Norfolk]] and [[Somerset]] before moving to [[Shropshire]] where he took on a smallholding on [[Wenlock Edge]].<br /> <br /> ==Wenlock Edge==<br /> <br /> Robert Hart began with a [[smallholding]] called Highwood Hill farm at Wenlock Edge. His intention was to provide a healthy and therapeutic environment for himself and his brother Lacon, who was born with severe [[learning disabilities]].<br /> <br /> Hart though soon discovered that maintaining large [[annual plant|annual]] vegetable beds, rearing livestock and taking care of an [[orchard]] were tasks beyond his strength. However, he also observed that a small bed of [[perennial vegetable]]s and herbs he had planted was looking after itself with little or no intervention. Furthermore, these plants provided interesting and unusual additions to the diet, and seemed to promote health and vigour in both body and mind.<br /> <br /> ==Forest garden project==<br /> <br /> [[Image:Forestgarden2.jpg|thumb|Robert Hart's forest garden in Shropshire, England]]<br /> Noting the maxim of [[Hippocrates]] to &quot;make food your medicine and medicine your food&quot;, Hart adopted a [[veganism|vegan]], 90% [[raw veganism|raw food diet]]. The three main products from a forest garden are fruit, nuts and [[Leaf vegetable|green leafy vegetables]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|title=How to Make a Forest Garden|author=Patrick Whitefield|year=2002|page=5|publisher=Permanent Publications |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3rd3e69BnC8C|isbn=9781856230087}}&lt;/ref&gt; Hart's forest garden at Wenlock Edge was a [[Vegan organic gardening|vegan organic]] food production system.<br /> <br /> He also began to examine the interactions and relationships that take place between plants in natural systems, particularly in [[woodland]], the climax [[ecosystem]] of a cool temperate region such as the [[British Isles]]. This led him to evolve the [[agroforestry]] concept of the &quot;Forest Garden&quot;: Based on the observation that the natural forest can be divided into distinct layers or 'storeys', he developed an existing small orchard of apples and pears into an edible landscape consisting of seven dimensions;<br /> <br /> #A '[[canopy (trees)|canopy]]' layer consisting of the original mature fruit trees.<br /> #A '[[low-tree layer]]' of smaller nut and fruit trees on dwarfing root stocks.<br /> #A '[[shrub layer]]' of fruit bushes such as currants and berries.<br /> #A '[[herbaceous layer]]' of perennial vegetables and herbs.<br /> #A '[[ground cover]]' layer of edible plants that spread horizontally.<br /> #A '[[rhizosphere]]' or 'underground' dimension of plants grown for their roots and tubers.<br /> #A vertical 'layer' of vines and climbers.<br /> <br /> Hart had a vision for the spread of the forest garden throughout even the most heavily built up areas, as he explains:<br /> <br /> {{quote|Obviously, few of us are in a position to restore the forests…But tens of millions of us have gardens, or access to open spaces such as industrial wastelands, where trees can be planted…and if full advantage can be taken of the potentialities that are available even in heavily built up areas, new 'city forests' can arise.}}<br /> <br /> ==Later life==<br /> <br /> Hart died in March 2000 aged 86 and is buried in St Peter's churchyard at [[Rushbury]], Shropshire.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.flickr.com/photos/naturewise/355393329] Robert Hart's grave photo on Flickr.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Bibliography==<br /> <br /> * ''Inviolable Hills: Ecology, Conservation and Regeneration of the British Uplands'', Stuart &amp; W (1968). {{ISBN|0-7224-0101-9}}.<br /> * ''Forest Farming: Towards a Solution to Problems of World Hunger and Conservation'', co-authored with James Sholto Douglas, Rodale Press (1976). {{ISBN|0-7224-0142-6}}.<br /> * ''Ecosociety: A historical study of ecological man'', Natraj (1984). ISBN B0006EHVPW.<br /> * ''The Forest Garden'', Institute for Social Inventions (1987). {{ISBN|0-948826-02-9}}.<br /> * ''Forest Gardening: Rediscovering Nature and Community in a Post-Industrial Age'', Green Books (UK) (1991, 1996 revised). {{ISBN|1-900322-02-1}}.<br /> * [http://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/various-authors-deep-ecology-anarchism ''Can Life Survive?''], essay published in ''Deep Ecology and Anarchism'' by Freedom Press (1993). {{ISBN|0-900384-67-0}}.<br /> * ''Beyond the Forest Garden'', Gaia Books, London (1996). {{ISBN|1-85675-037-X}}.<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> <br /> {{reflist|30em}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> <br /> * {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120716180149/http://www.spiralseed.co.uk/forestgarden/ |date=16 July 2012 |title=A web tribute to Robert Hart }}<br /> * [http://www.pfaf.org/User/cmspage.aspx?pageid=93 The Garden of Love] an article on Robert Hart's garden by Ken Fern of [[Plants for a Future]].<br /> * [https://www.theguardian.com/obituaries/story/0,,178796,00.html Obituary] and [https://www.theguardian.com/comment/story/0,,211914,00.html A forest garden legacy], ''[[The Guardian]]'', April 2000<br /> * [http://www.permaculture.co.uk/info/News/RHart.html Obituary in permaculture magazine] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927204734/http://www.permaculture.co.uk/info/News/RHart.html |date=27 September 2007 }}<br /> * [http://www.spiralseed.co.uk/grahamwp/?cat=3 Robert Hart and Forest Gardens] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180203065448/http://www.spiralseed.co.uk/grahamwp/?cat=3 |date=3 February 2018 }}<br /> <br /> {{Authority control}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Hart, Robert}}<br /> [[Category:2000 deaths]]<br /> [[Category:1913 births]]<br /> [[Category:English gardeners]]<br /> [[Category:20th-century English non-fiction writers]]<br /> [[Category:Organic gardeners]]<br /> [[Category:Permaculturalists]]<br /> [[Category:Gandhians]]<br /> [[Category:British nonviolence advocates]]<br /> [[Category:20th-century English male writers]]<br /> [[Category:English conscientious objectors]]<br /> [[Category:British Army personnel of World War II]]<br /> [[Category:Royal Military Police soldiers]]<br /> [[Category:Intelligence Corps soldiers]]</div>

Evan692365 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mausumi_Dikpati&diff=516923 2026-02-19T10:35:08Z

<p>Evan692365: creating post - done</p> <hr /> <div>{{Infobox person<br /> | name = Mausumi Dikpati<br /> | image = <br /> | alt = <br /> | caption = <br /> | birth_name = Mausumi Dikpati<br /> | birth_date = <br /> | birth_place = [[India]]<br /> | death_date = <br /> | death_place = <br /> | nationality = <br /> | other_names = Dikpati<br /> | occupation = Scientist<br /> | years_active = <br /> | known_for = Solar Physics, Solar Astrophysics<br /> | notable_works = Solar Rossby waves modeling, observational analysis and implications for<br /> space weather<br /> }}<br /> '''Mausumi Dikpati''' is a [[scientist]] at the [[High Altitude Observatory]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://staff.ucar.edu/users/dikpati|title=Staff Directory, NCAR|access-date=2018-07-02|archive-date=2019-03-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190319102001/https://staff.ucar.edu/users/dikpati|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; operated by the [[National Center for Atmospheric Research]]. Her main scientific area is modeling the dynamics and ''magnetohydrodynamical'' (''MHD'')&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |date=2024-03-20 |title=DOUBLE DYNAMO SIGNATURES IN A GLOBAL MHD SIMULATION AND MEAN-FIELD DYNAMOS (Journal Article) {{!}} OSTI.GOV |journal=Astrophysical Journal |volume=826 |issue=2 |doi=10.3847/0004-637X/826/2/138 |doi-access=free |osti=22679607 |last1=Beaudoin |first1=Patrice |last2=Simard |first2=Corinne |last3=Cossette |first3=Jean-François |last4=Charbonneau |first4=Paul }}&lt;/ref&gt; of the solar interior and dynamo. The main focus is: Global MHD of dynamo-generated magnetic fields and ''Atmospheric Research'' (''AR'') emergence patterns.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-03-17 |title=Mausumi Dikpati {{!}} High Altitude Observatory |url=https://www2.hao.ucar.edu/directory/mausumi-dikpati |access-date=2024-03-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240317183445/https://www2.hao.ucar.edu/directory/mausumi-dikpati |archive-date=2024-03-17 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Education ==<br /> Mausumi studied at [[Brajabala Girls' High School]], [[Bethune School]], [[Lady Brabourne College]] and [[University of Calcutta|Calcutta University]] of [[Kolkata|Calcutta]], [[India]]. Her graduation and post graduation are in Physics.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title= |url=https://staff.ucar.edu/sites/default/files/CVs/cvfull_mausumi_March2023.pdf |access-date=2024-03-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240317180600/https://staff.ucar.edu/sites/default/files/CVs/cvfull_mausumi_March2023.pdf |archive-date=2024-03-17 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; She completed ''Post M.Sc'' in ''Associateship in Physics'' at the [[Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics]] of Calcutta, India. She achieved her [[Doctor of Philosophy|PhD]] from the [[Indian Institute of Science Bangalore]], India in 1996.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; ‍She completed her [[Post-doctoral degree|Post Doc]] at the Advanced Study Program and High Altitude Observatory, [[National Center for Atmospheric Research|NCAR]], [[Boulder, Colorado|Boulder]], [[United States|USA]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> == Research ==<br /> In March 2006, she predicted the strength and timing of the next [[solar cycle]] based on [[simulation]]s of the [[astrophysics]] of the [[Sun|solar interior]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.ucar.edu/news/releases/2006/sunspot.shtml |title=Scientists Issue Unprecedented Forecast of Next Sunspot Cycle |work=ucar.edu |date=2006 |accessdate=2006-02-03 |ref=pressnews2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060410174610/http://www.ucar.edu/news/releases/2006/sunspot.shtml |archive-date=2006-04-10 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; During 2006-2007 Mausumi Dikpati issued three predictions for solar cycle 24 -- (i) a delayed onset of solar cycle 24 which would start in late 2008 instead of 2006, (ii) a strong solar cycle 24 whose peak would be 30%-50% stronger than the previous cycle ('Cycle 23'), and (iii) the solar cycle in southern hemisphere would be stronger than that in the northern hemisphere of the Sun. Two of these three predictions, (i) and (iii) came true. Her research paper explaining the cause of delayed onset of solar cycle 24 was one of the top 100 discoveries in the Discover Magazine.&lt;ref&gt;<br /> {{cite web |url=http://discovermagazine.com/2011/jan-feb/43 |title=Plasma Rivers Explain the Quiet Sun }}<br /> &lt;/ref&gt; Currently she is improving her solar dynamo model by building a more accurate dynamo-based solar cycle prediction tool which can assimilate solar magnetic fields and flow data in ways used in oceanic and atmospheric predictions.<br /> <br /> In a recent work published in Geophysical Research Letters, Dr. Mausumi Dikpati of the High Altitude Observatory National Center for Atmospheric Research in Boulder, Colorado, and her team modeled Mount Wilson Observatory data throughout the course of the previous solar cycle. When they investigated and modeled surface Doppler data of plasma currents flowing beneath the Sun's surface, they discovered that the flow went all the way to the poles.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2024-03-17 |title=The Sun's Conveyor Belt May Lengthen Solar Cycles - Universe Today |newspaper=Universe Today |url=https://www.universetoday.com/71029/the-suns-conveyor-belt-may-lengthen-solar-cycles/ |access-date=2024-03-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240317193802/https://www.universetoday.com/71029/the-suns-conveyor-belt-may-lengthen-solar-cycles/ |archive-date=2024-03-17 |last1=Wethington |first1=Nicholos }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Major Scientific Accomplishments ==<br /> <br /> === Solar magneto hydrodynamics, Rossby waves and space weather ===<br /> Source:&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> * 2009 - 2012: Developed the first fully nonlinear quasi-3D shallow water model (ApJ, 745, 128, 2012) to calculate interaction of tachocline latitudinal differential rotation with Rossby waves.<br /> * 2015 - 2018: Discovered Tachocline Nonlinear Oscillations, which drive “seasons” in Space Weather (Nature, 2017) through quasi-periodic exchange of energies among solar differential rotation, magnetic fields and Rossby waves, with 6–18 months’ periodicity.<br /> * 2019 – 2020: AGU Grand challenge paper on the future outlook on space weather on intermediate-scale (few to several weeks), one of the 100 papers for celebrating 100th anniversary of AGU. This effort led to a major publication of 30 pages, and to a science highlight in Physics World and an AGU research spotlight.<br /> * 2021-2022: Deciphered deep origin of surface active regions, due to interaction of Rossby waves and spot-producing magnetic fields (ApJ, 922, 46, 13pp, 2021) <br /> * 2022–present: Solar Rossby waves modeling, observational analysis and implications for space weather <br /> <br /> === Data assimilation in solar models ===<br /> Source:&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> * 2012 - 2016: Built the foundation of EnKF data assimilation in a solar dynamo model. This work demonstrates how the combination of model, observations and data assimilation can reconstruct the Sun’s meridional flow-speed variation and shows the potential to derive the spatio-temporal pattern of meridional circulation. This effort led to two major publications, one of which (GRL, 41, L5361, 2014) led to a news release and an AGU research spotlight.<br /> * 2019 – 2020: Developed TNO-DART Model-system for simulating and predicting longitude distribution of active regions (first results are published in Space Weather, 2020, e2018SW002109)<br /> * 2022 – present: Developing Ensemble simulations for estimating inherent predictability limit for forecasting upcoming bursty solar activity “season”<br /> <br /> == Publications ==<br /> “'''Solar/stellar Dynamos as revealed by Helio- and Asteroseismology'''”, ASPSC, volume 416, pp648, Eds.: Dikpati, M., T. Arentoft, I. Gonzalez-Hernandez, C. Lindsay and F. Hill, Date: 2010&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> == Honors and Awards ==<br /> <br /> * 2017: Wenner-Gren Guest Professorship Award of Stockholm&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-03-17 |title=Mausumi Dikpati |url=https://coffies.stanford.edu/people/mausumi_dikpati |access-date=2024-03-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240317185155/https://coffies.stanford.edu/people/mausumi_dikpati |archive-date=2024-03-17 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * 2010: Research article on extended minimum recognized as one of the top 100 discoveries in the DISCOVER Magazine&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> *[https://www2.hao.ucar.edu/directory/mausumi-dikpati Dikpati's home page at NCAR]<br /> <br /> {{Authority control}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Dikpati, Mausumi}}<br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:Women scientists from West Bengal]]<br /> [[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]<br /> [[Category:Indian Institute of Science alumni]]<br /> [[Category:Indian women physicists]]</div>

Evan692365 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sultanpur_Lodhi&diff=538140 2026-02-19T05:06:27Z

<p>Evan692365: done</p> <hr /> <div>{{About|a city in Punjab, India||Sultanpur (disambiguation){{!}}Sultanpur}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=April 2018}}<br /> {{more citations needed|date=December 2024}}<br /> {{Infobox settlement<br /> | name = Sultanpur Lodhi<br /> | native_name = <br /> | native_name_lang = <br /> | other_name = White City<br /> | settlement_type = City<br /> | image_skyline = {{multiple image<br /> | border = infobox<br /> | total_width = 280<br /> | image_style = <br /> | perrow = 1/2/2/1<br /> | image1 = Ber Sahib.jpg<br /> | image4 = HattSahib.jpg<br /> | image2 = Kothrisahib.jpg<br /> | image3 = GurudwaraAntaryamtaSahib.jpg<br /> }}<br /> | image_alt = Evolution of city of Sultanpur Lodhi.jpg<br /> | image_caption = [[Gurdwara Sri Ber Sahib]], Gurudwara Antaryamta Sahib, Gurudwara Kothri Sahib, Gurudwara Hatt Sahib<br /> | nickname = <br /> | pushpin_map = India Punjab<br /> | pushpin_label_position = <br /> | pushpin_map_alt = <br /> | pushpin_map_caption = Location in Punjab, India<br /> | coordinates = {{coord|31.2131777|N|75.1984978|E|display=inline,title}}<br /> | subdivision_type = Country<br /> | subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}<br /> | subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]<br /> | subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]<br /> | subdivision_name1 = [[Punjab, India|Punjab]]<br /> | subdivision_name2 = [[Kapurthala district|Kapurthala]]<br /> | established_title = &lt;!-- Established --&gt;<br /> | established_date = 1969<br /> | founder = <br /> | named_for = <br /> | government_type = <br /> | governing_body = <br /> | leader_title = MLA<br /> | leader_name = Mr. Rana Inderpartap Singh<br /> | unit_pref = Metric<br /> | area_footnotes = <br /> | area_total_km2 = 6<br /> | area_rank = <br /> | elevation_footnotes = <br /> | elevation_m = <br /> | population_total = 16855<br /> | population_as_of = 2011<br /> | population_footnotes = <br /> | population_density_km2 = auto<br /> | population_rank = <br /> | population_demonym = <br /> | demographics_type1 = Languages<br /> | demographics1_title1 = Official<br /> | timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br /> | utc_offset1 = +5:30<br /> | postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]<br /> | postal_code = 144626<br /> | registration_plate = PB-41<br /> | website = <br /> | footnotes = <br /> | demographics1_info1 = [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]], [[Hindi]]<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Sultanpur Lodhi''' is a city and a [[Municipal Council]], {{convert|17|mi|km}} from [[Kapurthala|Kapurthala city]] in the [[Kapurthala district]] in the [[States and territories of India|Indian state of Punjab]]. The town is named after its [[Organizational founder|founder]], [[Bahlul Khan Lodi]], the future [[Sultan]] of [[Delhi Sultanate|Delhi]] who renamed the town in 1443 C.E. during his time as [[Governor of Punjab (Punjab region)|governor of Punjab]], and was also mentioned in the [[Ain-e-Akbari]]. Sultanpur Lodhi is on the south bank of a seasonal rivulet called [[Kali Bein]], which runs {{convert|6|mi|km}} north of the confluence of the [[Beas River|Beas]] and [[Sutlej]] rivers of [[Punjab]].<br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> Sultanpur Lodhi was established in the 1st century.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Gurdwara Sri Ber Sahib Sultanpur Lodhi {{!}} Discover Sikhism |url=https://www.discoversikhism.com/sikh_gurdwaras/gurdwara_sri_ber_sahib_sultanpur_lodhi.html |access-date=2024-04-24 |website=www.discoversikhism.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Ancient===<br /> [[File:Evolution of city of Sultanpur Lodhi.jpg|Evolution of City of Sultanpur Lodhi|thumb|left|250px]]<br /> From the 1st century to the 6th century, Sultanpur Lodhi was known as ''Sarwmanpur'' and was a major site for Hinduism and Buddhism. It is also believed that the Buddhist book ''Abinav-Prastava'' was authored in Sarwmanpur by Katiyana in the 8th century.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Sharma|first=Vikas Chand|date=2018-12-12|title=Reviving contemporary urban design: case of historic city Sultanpur LodhI, Punjab, India|url=https://journals.vgtu.lt/index.php/JAU/article/view/6980|journal=Journal of Architecture and Urbanism|language=en|volume=42|issue=2|pages=188–198|doi=10.3846/jau.2018.6980|issn=2029-7947|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Medieval Times===<br /> {{cleanup|reason=Lack of sourcing, grammar, etc|date=July 2024}}<br /> [[File:Gurdwara Baba Atal fresco 25.jpg|thumb|Guru Nanak employed in Sultanpur Lodhi. Gurdwara Baba Atal fresco, ca.19th century]]<br /> In 1020–1030, [[Mahmud of Ghazni]] invaded the Hindu-Buddhist city and burnt it to the ground.<br /> <br /> During the 12th century, Sultan Khan, the son of Nawab Wali Muhammad Khan, then the [[Hakim (title)|Hakim]] of [[Punjab]], was attracted by the beauty of the surroundings and sought to reestablish the city under the name Sultanpur. The city kept this name Sultanpur until 1443 when the future Sultan of Delhi [[Bahlul Khan Lodi|Bahlol Lodi]] who was then governor of Punjab added [[Lodi dynasty|Lodi]] onto the name of the city so it was renamed Sultanpur Lodhi which it is still known as today. &quot;Sultanpur Lodhi&quot; was also the center point of the old trade route between [[Delhi]] and [[Lahore]]. It was a major trade center of north India at that time. It consisted of 32 major markets and about 5600 shops (Figures are mere estimates as No proof, as yet, with Author). At that time the city was spread over in an area of {{convert|8|mi|km}}. The black rivulet (Kali Bein) ran through the center of the city. These features are more than enough to hold that Sultanpur Lodhi was a big city in old times. Sultanpur Lodhi was also mentioned as important place in famous &quot;[[Ain-i-Akbari|Ain-e-Akbari]]&quot;. The city in those times had many Royal Gardens and farms. At present, relics of these royal buildings built at that time, are still present. One of these is &quot;Hadera&quot;. It was once a marvelous building used as place of rest for the royal family on their way to royal gardens. It was also used as a place of entertainment for royal family and to organize dances and other royal functions. This place is now just an old &amp; neglected building.<br /> <br /> Sultanpur Lodhi, in those days was not only famous for its surroundings &amp; trade, but also for its education. City had many Islamic schools of education known as &quot;[[Madrasa|Madrassas]]&quot;. The two princes of Delhi, [[Aurangzeb|Aurengzeb]] and [[Dara Shikoh|Dara-Shikoh]] completed their studies in one white [[masjid]] of Sultanpur Lodhi.<br /> At the end of the [[14th century]], the governor of [[Lahore]] was [[Daulat Khan Lodi]]. Sultanpur Lodhi was also called ‘Perran Puri’ (city of monks). Many religious personalities were related to the city at that time and some of the [[tomb]]s [[Maqbara]]s of these monks are still present in the city.<br /> <br /> After Nankana Sahib (now in Pakistan), Sultanpur Lodhi is perhaps the most related to life of the first Sikh Guru. In 1475 AD elder sister of Guru Ji, Bibi Nanki Ji was married to Shri Jai Ram of Sultanpur Lodhi. In 1483 Guru Ji's father sent Guru Ji to the custody of Shri Jai Ram. Guru Ji was employed as the Modi (Person In-charge) of the Modi Khana (Civil supplies store). In June 1488, [[Guru Nanak Dev Ji]] was married to Bibi Sulkhani ji in Sultanpur Lodhi. And here, in this city Guru Ji begot two sons, in July 1494 Shri Chand Ji and in Feb 1497 Lakmi Chand Ji. In this very city Guru Ji spent more than 14 years and in 1497 Guru Ji disappeared in holy Rivulet (Kali Bein) flowing along the North end of the city and then Re-Appeared after three days with the teaching of &quot;''na koi hindu, na koi muslman''&quot; (no one is Hindu, no one is Muslim). This led to the birth of a new religion, [[Sikhism]]. Thereafter Guru Ji left his job and the city to start with the First Udasi (Sacramental Journey).<br /> <br /> After Guru Nanak Dev Ji, Fifth Guru Sahib Guru Arjan Dev Ji, on occasion of his son Guru Hargobind sahib's marriage in a nearby village Dhalla rested at Sultanpur Lodhi. A Gurudwara having Sehra and wedding costume of Guru Ji, is built at that place.<br /> <br /> 1526 AD Some Lodhi tribes traveled to Pakistan. Choura Baz Khan Lodhi traveled to [[Mohib Banda]], Mardan, KPK, Pakistan.<br /> <br /> ===Modern===<br /> <br /> In 1739 [[Nader Shah]], the famous invader, on his way to Delhi, invaded Sultanpur Lodhi and almost destroyed it. After looting the whole city, it was set on fire. After that [[Ahmad Shah Durrani|Ahmed Shah Abdali]] again destroyed it. Later Sardar Jassa Singh Ahluwalia, after taking the historic monuments under his custody, re established this city ab-initio. But it could not re-gain its old prestige and glory. One of the reason has been, the development of Amritsar-Jalandhar G.T. Road as the main route for commutation to Delhi.<br /> One of the accomplices of Maharaja Jagajit Singh of Kapurthala was Dewan Ramjas, of Sultanpur Lodhi; later his sons worked for the Kapurthala Royal family, Dewan Mathura Dass, Dewan Daulat Ram &amp; Dewan Jarmani Dass(1895–1971) who wrote the book &quot;Maharaja &amp; Maharani&quot; in 1970. Dewan Ramjas and family were given many villages for the services.<br /> <br /> ===Post Independence and Present===<br /> <br /> The Present day Sultanpur Lodhi is a Sub-Division (From 1969) and a Tehsil of District Kapurthala of Punjab. It is a small town, connected by the Roads &amp; Rail. Sultanpur Lodhi is linked to two New National Expressway ways, (New Delhi-Katra Expressway and Amritsar-Jamnagar Expressway). Railway Station, Sultanpur Lodhi, falls under [[Ferozepur]] Division of [[Northern Railway Zone (India)|Northern Railway]]. This City houses a Judicial Courts Complex for the Courts of ACJ(Sr. Div.), CJ (Jr. Div.). A new Multi Story Administrative Complex is being constructed at the site of older one. The city also houses, Civil Hospital (SMO), Police Station (DSP), BDEO Office (BDEO), BEO Office (BEO) etc. The city is now under the Smart City Project of Central Govt.<br /> <br /> The City of Sultanpur Lodhi has a Municipal Council, divided into 13 Municipal Wards. The city has population of 16,877 of which 8,862 are males while 8,015 are females as per report released by Census India 2011. The Tehsil of Sultanpur Lodhi, has 216 villages having a population of 130,124, of which 54,506 are male and 50,433 are female, as per year 2021 estimates.<br /> <br /> ==Education==<br /> There are three post-secondary colleges, including one in the field of education. At the secondary level there are two Government schools and Two Government Aided (Recognized) schools. In addition are many other schools, including a convent school and an ITI. There is a multidisciplinary college is provisioned in the nearby village of Jabbowal, and a new regional campus of [[Guru Nanak Dev University]] has been set up nearby.<br /> <br /> ==Health &amp; Medical Aid==<br /> City houses a Civil Hospital under charge of SMO and has speciality medical care in Ortho., Ophthalmology, Gynaecology, Paediatrics and Dentistry. A trauma Care Centre is also running there. Many private practitioners offer good medical services. The Nearest Medical Colleges are CMC &amp; DMC at Ludhiana or Govt. Medical College, Amritsar and PIMS, Jalandhar.<br /> <br /> ==Demographics==<br /> {{As of|2001}} India [[census]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&amp;state5=999|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&amp;state5=999|archive-date=2004-06-16|title= Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)|access-date=2008-11-01|publisher= Census Commission of India}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sultanpur Lodhi (Town Code 4591 and Tehsil Code 03 03 0003) had a population of 15,653. Males constitute 54% of the population and females 46%. Sultanpur Lodhi has an average literacy rate of 71%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 73%, and female literacy is 68%. Here, 11% of the population is under 6 years of age. This town extends only to {{convert|4|sqmi|km2}} and it is {{convert|26|mi|km}} away from [[Jalandhar]] and {{convert|17|mi|km}} from [[Kapurthala]]<br /> .<br /> <br /> ==Places Of Prominence==<br /> 1- Gurudwaras Bebe Nanaki Ji, Ber Sahib, Hatt Sahib, Kothri Sahib, Guru Ka Bagh, Sant Ghat, Antaryamta, Sehra Sahib etc.&lt;br&gt;2- Mandirs Singh Bhawani, BharaMal, Ahli Wala Shivala, Mata Asha Rani, Ram Rameshwaram, Choura Khuh, Shiv ji Mandir, Ktagash Giri Mandir, Radhe Krishn Mandir, Bhairon Mandir <br /> etc.<br /> <br /> 3- Chitti Masjid, Peer Gabgazi, Panj Peer<br /> <br /> 4- Hadira, Quila Sarai (Now housing, Local Police Station)<br /> <br /> 5- Kali Bein (Ghats developed by Sant Sechewal ji)<br /> <br /> 6- Forthcoming &quot;Pind Babe Nanak Da&quot; by Central Govt. over more than 65 acres of Land<br /> <br /> ==Gurudwaras==<br /> {{Unreferenced section|date=May 2025}}<br /> Sultanpur Lodi is a sacred Sikh pilgrimage site associated with the founder of Sikhism, Guru Nanak, who lived here for 14 years. It is here that he gained enlightenment at the end of the 15th century. It is said he disappeared into the waters of the Bein rivulet, reappearing three days later as the enlightened Guru. His first words were: ‘There is no Hindu, no Mussalman’.<br /> <br /> === Gurudwara Shri Ber Sahib ===<br /> {{Main|Gurdwara Sri Ber Sahib}}<br /> [[File:Ber Sahib.jpg|thumb|left|200px|Gurudwara Ber Sahib]]<br /> Gurudwara Shri Ber Sahib, the principal shrine at Sultanpur, is situated on the bank of the rivulet Kali Bein. Guru Nanak performed his morning ablutions in the Bein and then sat under a Ber (Ziziphus jujuba) tree to meditate. Guru Ji meditated at this tree daily for 14 years, nine months and 13 days. It was during one such ablution that Guru Nanak had what is described, in the Janam Sakhis, as a direct communion with the Divine. As the Janam Sakhis narrate the details, Guru Nanak one morning disappeared into the stream and was not seen for two days. When he reappeared at a spot, 2&amp;nbsp;km upstream, now known as Sant Ghat, the first words he uttered were, &quot;No one is Hindu, No one is Musalman (Muslim).&quot; Guru Nanak was now ready to embark on his long journeys. Gurudwara Ber Sahib is built by the side of an old ber tree which is believed to be the one under which Guru Nanak would sit in meditation. The present building of Gurudwara Ber Sahib was built by Maharaja Jagatjit Singh of Kapurthala. The cornerstone was laid by Bhai Arjan Singh of Bagarian on 25 February 1937, and the Gurudwara was on completion dedicated by Lieutenant General Maharaja Yadavinder Singh of Patiala on 26 January 1941. Standing on a high plinth and entered through a portico, supported by octagonal columns, and a small entrance gallery is the high ceiling, marble floored hall.<br /> At the far end, marked off by a high archway decorated with floral designs in stucco, is the sanctum sanctorum, where the Guru Granth Sahib is seated on a white marble canopied throne. Besides the daily services and observance of important Sikh anniversaries, a largely attended fair takes place on each birthday of Guru Nanak Dev Ji.<br /> <br /> === Gurudwara Shri Hatt Sahib ===<br /> [[File:HattSahib.jpg|thumb|200px|Gurudwara Hatt Sahib]]<br /> [[File:Hatt Sahib.jpg|thumb|200px|Measuring Stones used by Guru Nanak Dev Ji]]<br /> As a young man Guru Nanak was convinced by his family to accept employment here as the accountant of the provisions of Nawab Daulat Khan Lodhi. Guru Nanak got the job on the recommendations of his brother-in-law Jai Ram. The Nawab was very much impressed by the young Guru who would work diligently in the day and spend the evenings and night singing the praises of God with his friends.<br /> <br /> === Gurudwara Shri Kothri Sahib ===<br /> [[File:Kothrisahib.jpg|thumb|200px|Gurudwara Kothri Sahib]]<br /> [[File:Kothri 2.jpg|thumb|200px|Kothri(holding cell) in which Guru Nanak Dev Ji was kept]]<br /> <br /> Guru Nanak Dev ji worked for Nawab Daulat Khan Lodhi as in-charge of accounts. It was falsely reported to the Nawab by jealous elements that the Guru was stealing from the inventory as his predecessor had. So. Guru Ji was briefly jailed here. But when the accounts &amp; the inventory where checked and found to be correct, the Nawab released Guru Nanak &amp; apologized profusely, even offering Guru Nanak a promotion. Guru Nanak refused to accept the position as he had decided to dedicate his life to spread the Doctrine of Humanity, Dedication, Compassion, Love leading to be a God's Sikh (Spiritual Apprentice)<br /> <br /> === Gurudwara Shri Guru Ka Bagh ===<br /> [[File:Guru Ka Bagh.jpg|thumb|left|200px|Gurudwara Guru Ka Bagh]]<br /> <br /> Guru Nanak Dev ji spent 14 years in Sultanpur Lodhi as a young man in this house of Guru Nanak where his two sons Baba Sri Chand and Baba Lakhmi Chand were born. Guru Nanak tested his two sons, but neither proved worthy of being his successor. Baba Lakhmi Chand was too involved in worldly affairs while Baba Sri Chand chose the path of renunciation and became an aesthetic.<br /> Guru Sahib used to have Langar prepared by Bibi Nanaki ji. Well (Khooh) is also located here, from which water was used for Langar Preparation.<br /> <br /> === Gurudwara Shri Sant Ghat ===<br /> [[File:Sant ghat.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Gurudwara Shri Santghaat Sahib]]<br /> <br /> It is situated on the bank of the river &quot;Bein&quot;. From the Ber Sahib, Guru Nanak Dev Ji dived into Bein &amp; disappeared for 3 days. On reaching Nirankar's place Sachkhand, he got Satnaam's Updesh &quot; Mool Mantar&quot; from Nirankar which he gave to the whole world. The big reason for this place to be named Sant Ghaat is that Guru Nanak Dev ji meditated here to the God Almighty &amp; went from here to serve the World<br /> <br /> === Gurudwara Shri Antaryamta ===<br /> [[File:GurudwaraAntaryamtaSahib.jpg|thumb|left|200px| Gurudwara Antaryamta sahib]]<br /> <br /> The Muslims asked Guru Nanak Dev Ji whether he was a Guru for the Hindus or Muslims. Guru Nanak dev Ji replied that he is common to followers of both religions. The Muslims then requested him to attend Namaaz (prayers observed by Muslims), because he claimed to be a Guru for both Hindus and Muslims. Guru Nanak Dev Ji went along. Everyone stood in the mosque in order to offer Namaaz and started offering prayers (kneeling) but Guru Nanak Dev Ji kept standing straight. After offering Namaaz, the Muslims angrily asked as to why didn't he offer prayers to which Guru ji replied that they hadn't offered prayers either. Nawab said that they did offer prayers. Guru ji said that your heart was away to get horses from Kandahar. You were physically present here and so was I, but not mentally. On hearing this khan said that the Guru should have offered prayers along with the priest. Guru Nanak Dev Ji replied that even he was physically present here but his mind was taking care of the new born female calf at home to ensure that the calf didn't fall into a well. Then everybody bowed to Guru Ji's and said that he is a saint with the divine powers. The Gurudwara is situated at the same place where this incident happened.<br /> <br /> === Gurudwara Shri Sehra Sahib ===<br /> [[File:sehra sahib.jpg|thumb|right|200px| Gurudwara Sehra Sahib]]<br /> <br /> Gurudwara Shree Sehra Sahib situated in Mohalla Dhiraan here is dedicated to Guru Arjan Dev Ji, who passed through Sultanpur in 1604 on his way to Dalla for the marriage of his son, Har Gobind, the future Guru Hargobind Sahib Ji (revered for his concept of miri and piri). According to tradition, the marriage party stayed overnight at this place and the sehra, or ceremonial wreath was fastened round the bridegroom's head here. The Gurudwara, within a brick paved walled compound, is an octagonal domed room in which the Guru Granth Sahib is seated.<br /> <br /> === Gurudwara Shri Bebe Nanki Ji ===<br /> [[File:Bebe Nanaki.jpg|thumb|left|200px| Gurudwara Bebe Nanaki Ji]]<br /> <br /> Constructed in the 1970s, honours the memory of Bebe Nanaki, elder sister of Guru Nanak. The actual house, a three storeyed old building where Bebe Nanaki is believed to have lived with her husband, Jai Ram, is inside the old town in Mohalla Chhimbian. But the premises being in private possession, a public monument (cornerstone, laid on 13 November 1970) was raised in the form of a Gurdwara by Bebe Nanaki Istri Satsang Charitable Trust under the chairmanship of Bibi Balvant Kaur of Birmingham (United Kingdom). The Gurdwara Bebe Nanaki Ji comprises a central hall, with the Guru Granth Sahib seated in a white marble palaki at the far end. The Guru Granth Sahib is also seated in a small side room symbolizing Bebe Nanaki's own lodging. Over the sanctum, above the hall roof, is a square domed room with arched copings. Bulbous domes adorn corners of hall roof.<br /> <br /> == Sant Balbir Singh Ji Seechewal ==<br /> <br /> [[File:Past 1.jpg|thumb|200px| Kali Vain Few years back]]<br /> [[File:Present15.jpg|thumb|200px| Kali Vain At present]]<br /> [[File:Cleaning the kali.jpg|thumb|200px| Cleaning process]]<br /> [[File:Present-20.jpg|thumb|200px| Kali Vain At present]]<br /> <br /> [[Kali Bein]], a {{convert|99|mi|km|adj=mid|-long}} river, is considered sacred by the state's majority Sikh population. Over the past couple of decades, it was reduced to a filthy drain into which six towns and more than 40 villages emptied their waste. Parts of the river dried up, leaving neighboring farmlands parched. Its polluted waters also seeped underground, contaminating the groundwater and causing lethal diseases.<br /> Seechewal, a Sikh holy man, set out to clean up this mess. Drawing on the Sikh tradition of kar sewa (voluntary service), he and his followers taught locals why they should clean the Kali Bein, enlisting volunteers to do the physical work and raising funds for equipment. At the height of his movement, people from more than two dozen villages were pitching in. The scale of the task was gigantic — volunteers cleared the entire riverbed of water hyacinth and silt and built riverbanks and roads alongside the river. When appeals to government and municipal bodies failed to stop dirty water flowing into the river, Seechewal launched a public-awareness campaign to encourage villagers to dispose of their sewage elsewhere. Some villages revived traditional methods of waste disposal and treatment, and farmers lined up for a share of the treated water. A government order to divert water from a nearby canal was eventually obtained. As the riverbed was cleared, natural springs revived and the river began to fill up. Since then, trees have been planted along its banks and fishing has been banned to preserve bi-odiversity.<br /> Today, the Kali Bein is thriving. Families head there for picnics and the devout bathe during religious festivals. Seechewal has turned his sight to the tanneries and other factories that dispose of untreated waste in rivers. He is also leading efforts to get residents and the government to clean up rivers and creeks in a more systematic way across the state. &quot;We have proved that it is possible to restore our rivers to a pristine condition if we all come together,&quot; says Seechewal. &quot;It is time to do that on a bigger scale.&quot;<br /> <br /> == 550th Parkash Purab of Sri Guru Nanak Dev Ji ==<br /> Sultanpur Lodhi received a plethora of developmental activities by the Government during 2018–19, on account of the 550th birth anniversary of the first Sikh guru and founder of Sikhism Shri Guru Nanak Dev Ji.[[File:Sultanpur lodhi bus stand.jpg|thumb|Bus stand <br /> at Sultanpur lodhi,Kapurthala,INDIA.]]<br /> Daastan-e-Sultanpur Lodhi (ਦਾਸਤਾਨ-ਏ-ਸੁਲਤਾਨਪੁਰ ਲੋਧੀ) [[Punjabi people|Punjabi]] [[religious]] [[documentary film]], written and directed by [[Channa Rai]], produced by Gourav Dixit. It is the first film in which the entire history of Sultanpur Lodhi is mentioned. The place where the [[Sikh]] faith and [[Gurbani]] started, he is dedicated to sri [[Guru Nanak Dev]]’s 550th [[birthday]].<br /> <br /> ==Daastan-e-Sultanpur Lodhi== <br /> 2016 film by Rai Film Productions '''Daastan-e-Sultanpur Lodhi''' ('''ਦਾਸਤਾਨ-ਏ-ਸੁਲਤਾਨਪੁਰ ਲੋਧੀ ''') is a 2016 [[Punjabi people|Punjabi]] [[religious]] [[documentary film]], written and directed by [[Channa Rai]], produced by Gourav Dixit. It is the first film in which the entire history of Sultanpur Lodhi is mentioned. The place where the [[Sikh]] faith and [[Gurbani]] started, he is dedicated to sri [[Guru Nanak Dev]]’s 550th [[birthday]].<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{Kapurthala district}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Cities and towns in Kapurthala district]]</div>

Evan692365 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Punar_Vivah_%E2%80%93_Ek_Nayi_Umeed&diff=527169 2026-02-14T16:34:07Z

<p>Evan692365: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Use Indian English|date=May 2015}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=May 2015}} <br /> {{Infobox television<br /> | alt_name = Remarriage - A New Ray Of Hope<br /> | image = Punar Vivah-title-card.jpg<br /> | creator = Sumeet Hukamchand Mittal &lt;br /&gt; Shashi Mittal<br /> | writer = [[Shashi Mittal]] &lt;br/&gt; Anil Nagpal &lt;br/&gt; [[Seema Mantri]] &lt;br/&gt; [[Anil Deshmukh]]<br /> | director = [[Arvind Gupta (director)|Arvind Gupta]]<br /> | producer = [[Shashi Mittal]] &lt;br/&gt; [[Sumeet Hukamchand Mittal]]<br /> | starring = [[Karan Grover]] &lt;br/&gt; [[Rubina Dilaik]] &lt;br/&gt; [[Parul Chauhan]] &lt;br/&gt; [[Srishty Rode]] &lt;br/&gt;<br /> [[Eijaz Khan]] &lt;br/&gt; [[Shruti Bisht]]<br /> | opentheme = ''Punar Vivah'' By [[Kamal Khan (singer)|Kamal Khan]]<br /> | editor = [[Jay B Ghadiali]]<br /> | cinematography = [[Sudesh Kotian]] &lt;br/&gt; [[Navneet Beohar]]<br /> | country = India<br /> | language = Hindi<br /> | num_episodes = 148<br /> | camera = [[Multi camera]]<br /> | company = [[Shashi Sumeet Productions]]<br /> | channel = [[Zee TV]]<br /> | first_aired = {{start date|2013|5|20|df=y}}<br /> | last_aired = {{end date|2013|11|29|df=y}}<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''''Punar Vivah - Ek Nayi Umeed''''' (International Title: Married Again-a new hope) is an Indian [[Hindi]]-language [[Indian soap opera|soap opera]] that aired on [[Zee TV]]. It replaced [[Punar Vivah|''Punar Vivaah'']] and premiered on 20 May 2013 airing on weekdays.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Punarvivaah-with-a-new-storyline/articleshow/20103965.cms|title=Punarvivaah with a new storyline - Times of India|website=The Times of India|date=18 May 2013 |language=en|access-date=2019-08-18}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/bollywood/gurmeet-wishes-luck-to-punar-vivah-2-7550.html|title=Gurmeet wishes luck to 'Punar Vivah 2'|last=Desk|first=India TV News|date=2013-05-02|website=www.indiatvnews.com|language=en|access-date=2019-08-18}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/punarvivaah-returns-in-a-new-avatar/cid/296509|title=Punarvivaah returns in a new avatar!|website=www.telegraphindia.com|language=en|access-date=2019-08-19}}&lt;/ref&gt; It went off air on 29 November 2013.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.fuzionproductions.com/curtains-down-for-punar-vivah-ek-nayi-umeed/|title=Curtains Down For Punar Vivah – Ek Nayi Umeed!|last=Says|first=Sheron Sanjani|date=2013-11-22|website=Fuzion Productions|language=en-US|access-date=2019-08-18}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.bizasialive.com/zee-tv-axes-punar-vivah-for-doli-armaano-ki/|title=ZEE TV axes 'Punar Vivah' for 'Doli Armaano Ki'|last=Baddhan|first=Raj|date=2013-11-13|website=BizAsia {{!}} Media, Entertainment, Showbiz, Events and Music|language=en-GB|access-date=2019-08-19}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Plot summary==<br /> <br /> Two individuals, Raj Jakhotia and Divya Malhotra fall in love at a teen age, but some circumstances lead them to separate.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Married Again Season 2: Full story, Plot Summary, casts, teasers Zee World|url=https://whatsappdpgirl.com/married-again-season-2-full-story-plot-summary-casts-teasers-zee-world/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191203114038/https://whatsappdpgirl.com/married-again-season-2-full-story-plot-summary-casts-teasers-zee-world/|archive-date=3 December 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===10 years later===<br /> Divya is now a popular TV actress, who returns to meet Raj. She learns that Raj is married to Sarita ([[Srishty Rode]]). Divya thinks that Raj has moved and she decides to marry Gaurav ([[Ayaz Khan]]).<br /> <br /> She does not know that Raj and Sarita, even after ten years of marriage, have not consummated the relationship. Raj still loves Divya. Sarita challenges Divya: before marrying Gaurav, Divya has to make Raj love Sarita. Divya accepts this and comes to Raj's house to stay, trying her best to bring him close to Sarita. But the efforts fail and Divya goes away because she does not want to be responsible for breaking Sarita's marriage.<br /> <br /> Feeling that he has been very unfair to Sarita, Raj decides to be a good friend to her and help her find happiness with a new partner. Raj fixes Sarita's marriage to Vikrant Suryavanshi ([[Eijaz Khan]]), who is a rich widower and his little son, Abhimaan, adores Sarita and wants her to become his mother. Meanwhile, Raj suddenly realizes that he loves Sarita and tells her about his feelings. She breaks her engagement and returns to Raj. However, when Raj's younger sister gets into trouble, Sarita is forced to ask for Vikrant's help who agrees on condition that Sarita marry him. Having no choice, she agrees. Raj is bitterly disappointed.<br /> <br /> Vikrant and Sarita get married. Divya makes an re-entry. Raj visits Divya and slips an engagement ring onto her finger to prove to Sarita that he has moved on. When Raj discovers the truth behind Sarita's marriage to Vikrant, he asks her to elope with him but she refuses. Sarita falls in love with Vikrant but owing to a misunderstanding Vikrant becomes upset with her assuming she still has feelings for Raj. Raj sees the error of his ways and gets back together with Divya. Vikrant finally realises Sarita loves him but Sarita is accused of plotting the murder of Kajal and is arrested.<br /> <br /> Vikrant realises that Sarita is innocent and helps her escape from the police. While they are on the run, they take refuge in Raj and Divya's house. Divya ultimately realises who the real killer is; Sarita is released. Vikrant, Sarita, Raj and Divya all live happily ever after.<br /> <br /> ==Cast==<br /> ===Main===<br /> * [[Karan Grover|Karan V Grover]] as Raj Jakhotia– Kamla and Sohanlal's son; Bubbly and Sheela's brother; Munni's half-brother; Sarita's former husband; Divya's husband; Neha's father<br /> * [[Rubina Dilaik]]/ [[Parul Chauhan]] as Divya Malhotra Jakhotia– Raj's second wife; Neha's mother&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Rubina-Dilaik-quits-Punar-Vivah/articleshow/21123378.cms|title=Rubina Dilaik quits Punar Vivah - Times of India|website=The Times of India|date=17 July 2013 |language=en|access-date=2019-08-19}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/people-can-be-replaced-overnight-in-this-industry-parul-chauhan/story-ozxWlbcJm2qmVZd1UPCYnJ.html|title=People can be replaced overnight in this Industry: Parul Chauhan|date=2013-09-23|website=Hindustan Times|language=en|access-date=2019-08-19}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * [[Srishty Rode]] as Sarita Suryavanshi– Raj's former wife; Vikrant's wife; Abhi's mother.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-rubina-dilaik-and-srishty-rode-in-punarvivah2-1833997|title=Rubina Dilaik and Srishty Rode in 'Punarvivah2'|last=Unnikrishnan|first=Chaya|date=2013-05-13|website=DNA India|language=en|access-date=2019-08-19}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * [[Eijaz Khan]] as Vikrant Suryavanshi– Jhanvi's widower; Sarita's husband; Abhi's father&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Eijaz-Khans-role-in-Punarvivah-inspired-by-Mr-Bajaj-of-Kasautii-/articleshow/21454859.cms|title=Eijaz Khan's role in 'Punarvivah' inspired by Mr Bajaj of 'Kasautii..' - Times of India|website=The Times of India|date=30 July 2013 |language=en|access-date=2019-08-19}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.pressreader.com/india/the-asian-age/20130730/283162901216219 |title=Eijaz To Enter Punar Vivah 2 |via=PressReader |access-date=2019-08-19}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Recurring===<br /> * [[Shruti Bisht]] as Neha Jakhotia– Raj and Divya's daughter<br /> * Eklavya Ahir as Abhimaan &quot;Abhi&quot; Suryavanshi– Jhanvi and Vikrant's son<br /> * Sanjai Gandhi as Sohanlal Jakhotia– Jyoti's son; Kamla and Sundari's husband; Raj, Bubbly, Sheela and Munni's father<br /> * [[Sangeeta Panwar]] as Kamla Naik– Sohanlal's first wife; Raj, Bubbly and Sheela's mother<br /> *[[Pallavi Rao]] as Sundari Walia– Sohanlal's second wife; Munni's mother<br /> *[[Nazea Hasan Sayed|Nazea Sayed]] as Sheela Jakhotia– Kamla and Sohanlal's daughter; Raj and Bubbly's sister; Munni's half-sister; Rohan's wife<br /> * Khushboo Shroff as Bubbly Jakhotia– Kamla and Sohanlal's daughter; Raj and Sheela's sister; Munni's half-sister<br /> *[[Richa Mukherjee]] as Manisha &quot;Munni&quot; Jakhotia– Sundari and Sohanlal's daughter; Raj, Bubbly and Sheela's half-sister<br /> *[[Abha Parmar]] as Jyoti Jakhotia– Sohanlal's mother<br /> * [[Ayaz Khan]] as Gaurav Bose– Ekta's son; Divya's former fiancé<br /> * Chitrapama Banerjee as Ekta– Gaurav's mother<br /> * [[Abhishek Malik]] as Rohan &quot;Guru&quot; Dubey– Vandana's son; Kajal's former husband; Sheela's husband<br /> * [[Nisha Nagpal]] as Kajal Singh– Rohan's former wife<br /> * [[Surbhi Javeri Vyas|Surbhi Zaveri Vyas]] as Vandana Sharma– Rohan's mother&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Surbhi-Vyas-and-Manoj-Jaiswal-in-Punar-Vivah-2/articleshow/20908472.cms|title=Surbhi Vyas and Manoj Jaiswal in Punar Vivah 2 - Times of India|website=The Times of India|date=4 July 2013 |language=en|access-date=2019-08-18}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> <br /> {{Shashi Sumeet Productions}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Indian television soap operas]]<br /> [[Category:Zee TV original programming]]<br /> [[Category:2013 Indian television series debuts]]<br /> [[Category:2013 Indian television series endings]]<br /> [[Category:Shashi Sumeet Productions series]]</div>

Evan692365 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Palm-leaf_manuscript&diff=523982 2026-01-27T13:22:17Z

<p>Evan692365: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Manuscripts made out of dried palm leaves}}<br /> [[File:Pārameśvaratantra (Camb. Univ. Lib. MS Add.1049.1).jpg|thumb|This palm-leaf manuscript from [[Nepal]], which is one of the oldest known dated [[Sanskrit]] manuscripts, is a copy of the ''Pārameśvaratantra'', a scripture related to [[Shaiva Siddhanta]], which claims [[Shiva]] to be ''[[Parameshvara (epithet)|Pārameśvara]]''. A note in the manuscript states that it was copied in the year 252, which some scholars judge to be of the era established by the Nepalese king [[Amshuverma|Amśuvaran]], corresponding to 828 CE. [[Cambridge University Library]]]]<br /> [[File:Odia palm leaf manuscript.JPG|thumb|Palm leaf manuscripts of 16th century in [[Odia script]]]]<br /> [[File:Bhagavata Purana (Ancient Stories of the Lord) Manuscript LACMA M.88.134.4 (1 of 2).jpg|thumb|16th-century Hindu [[Bhagavata Purana]] on palm leaf manuscript]]<br /> [[File:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Geschrift op lontarblad TMnr 1534-8b.jpg|thumb|A palm leaf Hindu text manuscript ([[Lontara]]) from [[Bali]], Indonesia, showing how the manuscripts were tied into a book.]]<br /> '''[[Palm leaves|Palm-leaf]] [[manuscript]]s''' were used as [[writing material]] in the [[Indian subcontinent]], dating back to as early as the 5th century BCE.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.cedar.buffalo.edu/~zshi/Papers/kbcs04_261.pdf |title=Digital Enhancement of Palm Leaf Manuscript Images using Normalization Techniques<br /> |author1=Zhixin Shi| author2=Srirangaraj Setlur |author3=Venu Govindaraju |access-date=2009-06-23 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100616064125/http://www.cedar.buffalo.edu/~zshi/Papers/kbcs04_261.pdf |archive-date=2010-06-16 |location=Amherst, US|publisher=SUNY at Buffalo}}&lt;/ref&gt; Their use began in Nepal and India and spread to other regions, such as [[Sri Lanka]] and [[Southeast Asia]], in the form of dried and smoke-treated [[Palmyra palm|Palmyra]] or [[Ola leaf|talipot]] palm leaves.&lt;ref name=&quot;pbs.org&quot;&gt;<br /> {{citation |chapter-url=https://www.pbs.org/thestoryofindia/gallery/photos/10.html |chapter=10. Literature |title=The Story of India - Photo Gallery |at=Explore the topic, palm-leaf manuscripts |publisher=PBS |access-date=2013-11-13 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131113000647/http://www.pbs.org/thestoryofindia/gallery/photos/10.html |archive-date=2013-11-13 }}<br /> &lt;/ref&gt;<br /> Their use continued until the 19th century when the printing press replaced hand-written manuscripts.&lt;ref name=&quot;pbs.org&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> One of the oldest surviving complete palm leaf manuscripts is a Sanskrit [[Shaivism]] text from the 9th century, discovered in [[Nepal]], and now preserved at the [[Cambridge University Library]].&lt;ref name=cupparameshplm&gt;[http://cudl.lib.cam.ac.uk/view/MS-ADD-01049-00001/9 Pārameśvaratantra (MS Add.1049.1) with images] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160308183704/http://cudl.lib.cam.ac.uk/view/MS-ADD-01049-00001/9 |date=2016-03-08 }}, Puṣkarapārameśvaratantra, University of Cambridge (2015)&lt;/ref&gt; The [[Spitzer Manuscript]] is a collection of palm leaf fragments found in [[Kizil Caves]], China. They are dated to around the 2nd century CE and is in Buddhist hybrid Sanskrit.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|title= The Oldest Philosophical Manuscript in Sanskrit| author= Eli Franco| journal= Journal of Indian Philosophy| volume=31| number= 1/3| year=2003| pages= 21–31| doi= 10.1023/A:1024690001755| jstor= 23497034| s2cid= 169685693}};&lt;br /&gt;{{cite journal|title= Three Notes on the Spitzer Manuscript| author=Eli Franco|journal= Journal of South Asian Studies| year=2005|volume=49| pages=109–111| jstor= 24007655}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|author = Noriyuki Kudo| title= Review: Eli FRANCO (ed.), The Spitzer Manuscript: The Oldest Philosophical Manuscript in Sanskrit, 2 vols| journal= Nagoya Studies in Indian Culture and Buddhism: Saṃbhāṣā |volume= 26| year= 2007| pages= 169–173}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == History ==<br /> [[File:Sinhala palm-leaf medical manuscripts, open leaves, large image..JPG|thumb|right|A medical manuscript in [[Sinhala language|Sinhala]], {{circa|1700}}]]<br /> The text in palm leaf manuscripts was inscribed with a knife pen on rectangular cut and cured palm leaf sheets; colourings were then applied to the surface and wiped off, leaving the ink in the incised grooves. Typically, each sheet had a hole through which a string could pass, and using these holes, the sheets were bound together like a book by tying them together with a string. Such palm leaf texts typically had a lifespan of between a few decades and roughly 600 years before they started to rot due to moisture, insect activity, mould, and fragility. Thus the document had to be copied onto new sets of dried palm leaves.&lt;ref name=&quot;pbs.org&quot;/&gt; The oldest surviving palm leaf Indian manuscripts have been found in colder, drier climates such as in parts of [[Nepal]], [[Tibet]], and [[central Asia]], the source of 1st-millennium CE manuscripts.&lt;ref name=&quot;aghosheia&quot; /&gt; <br /> <br /> The individual sheets of palm leaves were called ''Patra'' or ''Parna'' in Sanskrit (Pali/Prakrit: ''Panna''), and the medium when ready to write was called ''Tada-patra'' (or ''Tala-patra'', ''Tali'', ''Tadi'').&lt;ref name=aghosheia&gt;Amalananda Ghosh (1991), An Encyclopaedia of Indian Archaeology, BRILL Academic, {{ISBN|978-9004092648}}, pages 360-361&lt;/ref&gt; The famous 5th-century CE Indian manuscript called the [[Bower Manuscript]] discovered in [[Chinese Turkestan]], was written on [[birch-bark]] sheets shaped in the form of treated palm leaves.&lt;ref name=aghosheia/&gt;<br /> <br /> [[Hindu temple]]s often served as centers where ancient manuscripts were routinely used for learning and where the texts were copied when they wore out.&lt;ref&gt;John Guy and Jorrit Britschgi (2011), Wonder of the Age: Master Painters of India, 1100-1900, The [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]], {{ISBN|978-1588394309}}, page 19&lt;/ref&gt; In South India, temples and associated [[Matha|mutts]] served custodial functions, and a large number of manuscripts on [[Hindu philosophy]], [[poetry]], [[grammar]], and other subjects were written, multiplied, and preserved inside the temples.&lt;ref&gt;Saraju Rath (2012), Aspects of Manuscript Culture in South India, Brill Academic, {{ISBN|978-9004219007}}, pages ix, 158-168, 252-259&lt;/ref&gt; Archaeological and epigraphical evidence indicates the existence of libraries called ''Sarasvati-bhandara'', dated possibly to the early 12th century and employing librarians, attached to Hindu temples.&lt;ref&gt;Hartmut Scharfe (2002), ''From Temple schools to Universities'', in Handbook of Oriental Studies, Brill Academic, {{ISBN|978-9004125568}}, pages 183-186&lt;/ref&gt; Palm-leaf manuscripts were also preserved inside [[Jain temple|Jain temples]] and in Buddhist monasteries.<br /> <br /> With the spread of Indian culture to [[Southeast Asia]]n countries like as [[Indonesia]], [[Cambodia]], [[Thailand]], [[Laos]], and the [[Philippines]], these nations also became home to large collections. Palm-leaf manuscripts called ''Lontar'' in dedicated stone libraries have been discovered by archaeologists at Hindu temples in [[Bali]] (Indonesia) and in 10th century Cambodian temples such as [[Angkor Wat]] and [[Banteay Srei]].&lt;ref&gt;Wayne A. Wiegand and Donald Davis (1994), Encyclopedia of Library History, Routledge, {{ISBN|978-0824057879}}, page 350&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> One of the oldest surviving Sanskrit manuscripts on palm leaves is of the ''Parameshvaratantra'', a [[Shaiva Siddhanta]] text of [[Hinduism]]. It is from the 9th century, and dated to about 828 CE.&lt;ref name=cupparameshplm/&gt; The discovered palm-leaf collection also includes a few parts of another text, the ''Jñānārṇavamahātantra,'' currently held by the University of Cambridge.&lt;ref name=cupparameshplm/&gt;<br /> <br /> With the introduction of [[printing press|printing]] in the early 19th century, the cycle of copying from palm leaves mostly came to an end. Many governments are making efforts to preserve what is left of their palm-leaf documents.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.asianart.com/articles/tamsuks/ |title=Conservation and Digitisation of Rolled Palm Leaf Manuscripts in Nepal |publisher=Asianart.com |date=2005-11-14 |access-date=2013-11-13 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131113113037/http://www.asianart.com/articles/tamsuks/ |archive-date=2013-11-13 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Yeh, Shu-hwei. (2005). [https://web.archive.org/web/20120308100730/http://www.lac.org.tw/admin/ArticleFolder/2/75%E6%9C%9F/3643-75-15.pdf A Study of the ''Cataloging of the Palm Leaves Manuscripts (論述貝葉經整理與編目工作)'']. 中華民國圖書館學會會報, 75, 213-235.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.laomanuscripts.net |title=Digital Library of Lao Manuscripts |publisher=Laomanuscripts.net |access-date=2013-11-13 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131114063433/http://www.laomanuscripts.net/ |archive-date=2013-11-14 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Relationship with the development of writing systems==<br /> The round and cursive design of the letters of many [[Brahmic scripts]] such as [[Devanagari]], [[Nandinagari]], [[Kannada script|Kannada]], [[Telugu script|Telugu]], [[Lontara script|Lontara]], [[Javanese script|Javanese]], [[Balinese script|Balinese]], [[Odia script|Odia]], [[Burmese script|Burmese]], [[Tamil script|Tamil]], [[Khmer script|Khmer]], [[Malayalam script|Malayalam]], and so forth, may be an adaptation to the use of palm leaves, as angular letters could tear the leaves apart.&lt;ref&gt;Sanford Steever, 'Tamil Writing'; Kuipers &amp; McDermott, 'Insular Southeast Asian Scripts', in Daniels &amp; Bright, ''The World's Writing Systems'', 1996, p. 426, 480&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Regional variations ==<br /> [[File:1 Sravakapratikramasutra-curni of Vijayasimha Indian, Jain, 1260, Mewar, Rajputana, India. Boston, MFA.jpg|thumb|A [[Jainism|Jain]] palm leaf manuscript from [[Rajasthan]]]]<br /> <br /> === Cambodia ===<br /> Palm-leaf manuscripts or ''sleuk rith'' as they are known in [[Khmer language|the Khmer language]], can be found in [[Cambodia]] since Angkorian times as can be seen from at least one bas-relief on the walls of [[Angkor Wat]]. While they were of major importance until the 20th century, French archeologist Olivier de Bernon estimated that about 90% of all the ''sleuk rith'' were lost in the turmoil of the [[Cambodian Civil War]] while new supports such as ''[[codex]]'' books or digital media took over. Since then, conservation efforts have been made in pagodas such as at [[Wat Ounalom]] in Phnom Penh.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last1=Bernon |first1=Olivier de |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iV5ezwEACAAJ |title=Inventaire provisoire des manuscrits du Cambodge deuxième partie |last2=Sopheap |first2=Kun |last3=Kok-An |first3=Leng |date=2018 |publisher=École française d'Extrême-Orient |isbn=978-2-85539-255-4 |pages=xiii |language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === India ===<br /> In the city of Thanjavur in India, priceless palm-leaf manuscripts are preserved. The [[Saraswathi Mahal Library]], established around year 1700 and located in the premises of the palace, contains over 30,000 Indian and European manuscripts written on palm leaf and paper. Over eighty per cent of its manuscripts are in Sanskrit and many of them are on palm leaves.<br /> <br /> [[File:সাঁচিপাতৰ পুথি.JPG|thumb|left|''[[Sanchipat]]'', from [[Assam]]]]<br /> ==== Assam ====<br /> {{main|Sanchipat}}<br /> [[Assam]] has a related tradition of [[agarwood]]-bark strung manuscripts since the 7th century, called ''sanchipat''. The strips of bark are cut in similar dimensions to other Indian ''pothi'', and strung accordingly. ''Sanchipat'' are uniquely resilient in the humid, tropical climate of Assam; it is prepared with toxic materials that make it anti-fungal and pest-resistant.&lt;ref name=Goswami&gt;{{Citation |title=Descriptive Catalogue of Assamese Manuscripts |last=Goswami |first=Hemchandra |url=https://ia801505.us.archive.org/18/items/in.ernet.dli.2015.68268/2015.68268.Descriptive-Catalogue-Of-Assamese-Manuscripts_text.pdf |publisher=[[University of Calcutta]] |year=1930}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==== Odisha ====<br /> Palm leaf manuscripts of [[Odisha]] include scriptures, pictures of [[Devadasi]], and various [[mudra]]s of the ''[[Kama Sutra]]''. Some of the early discoveries of Odia palm leaf manuscripts include writings like ''Smaradipika'', ''Ratimanjari'', ''Pancasayaka,'' and ''Anangaranga'' in both [[Odia language|Odia]] and [[Sanskrit]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Siddha2002&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Nāgārjuna Siddha|title=Conjugal Love in India: Ratiśāstra and Ratiramaṇa : Text, Translation, and Notes|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BYLxoOxV2z8C&amp;pg=PA3|access-date=28 March 2013|year=2002|publisher=BRILL|isbn=978-90-04-12598-8|pages=3–}}&lt;/ref&gt; The State Museum of Odisha at [[Bhubaneswar]] houses 40,000 palm leaf manuscripts. Most of them are written in the Odia script, though the language is Sanskrit. The oldest manuscript here belongs to the 14th century but the text can be dated to the 2nd century.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/offtrack/story/19980928-ancient-palm-leaf-manuscripts-are-in-danger-of-crumbling-away-827830-1998-09-27|title=Ancient palm-leaf manuscripts are in danger of crumbling away|date=28 September 1998 |url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140104205433/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/ancient-palm-leaf-manuscripts-are-in-danger-of-crumbling-away/1/265760.html|archive-date=2014-01-04}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==== Kerala ====<br /> &lt;gallery mode=&quot;packed&quot; heights=&quot;150px&quot;&gt;<br /> File:Palm leaf manuscript Grantham.jpg|Palm leaf manuscript<br /> File:Palm leaf manuscript. IMG 20210815 190725.jpg|Palm leaf manuscript<br /> File:Palm leaf manuscript IMG 20210815 185730.jpg|Palm leaf manuscript<br /> &lt;/gallery&gt;<br /> <br /> ==== Tamil Nadu ====<br /> [[File:Christian prayers in tamil on palm leaves.jpg|thumb|16th-century Christian prayers in Tamil, on palm leaf manuscripts]]<br /> In 1997 The United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organisation ([[UNESCO]]) recognised the Tamil Medical Manuscript Collection as part of the [[Memory of the World Programme#Memory of the World Register|Memory of the World Register]]. A very good example of the usage of palm leaf manuscripts to store history is a Tamil grammar book named [[Tolkāppiyam]], written around the 3rd century BCE.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=degUAAAAIAAJ|title=The Smile of Murugan: On Tamil Literature of South India|last=Zvelebil|first=Kamil|date=1973-01-01|publisher=BRILL|isbn=9004035915|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; A global digitalization project led by the [[Tamil Heritage Foundation]] collects, preserves, digitizes, and makes ancient palm-leaf manuscript documents available to users via the internet.&lt;ref&gt;[http://bhashaindia.com/Patrons/SuccessStories/Pages/Kannan.aspx Interview: Digitalizing heritage for the coming generation.] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111017105111/http://bhashaindia.com/Patrons/SuccessStories/Pages/Kannan.aspx |date=2011-10-17 }} Bhasha India. Microsoft. Retrieved 17 January 2012.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === Indonesia ===<br /> {{redirect|Lontar manuscript|the manuscripts of the Bugis people|Lontara}}<br /> In Indonesia, the palm-leaf manuscript is called '''lontar'''. The [[Indonesian language|Indonesian]] word is the modern form of [[Old Javanese]] ''{{lang|kaw|rontal}}''. It is composed of two Old Javanese words, namely ''{{lang|kaw|ron}}'' &quot;leaf&quot; and ''{{lang|kaw|tal}}'' &quot;''[[Borassus flabellifer]]'', palmyra palm&quot;. Due to the shape of the Palmyra palm's leaves, which are spread like a fan, these trees are also known as &quot;fan trees&quot;. The leaves of the ''rontal'' tree have always been used for many purposes, such as for the making of plaited mats, [[palm sugar]] wrappers, water scoops, ornaments, ritual tools, and writing material. Today, the art of writing in ''{{lang|kaw|rontal}}'' still survives in [[Bali]], performed by Balinese Brahmin as a sacred duty to rewrite [[Hindu texts]].<br /> <br /> [[File:Arjunawiwaha canto 5.jpg|thumb|[[Bali]]nese palm-leaf manuscript of ''[[Arjunawiwaha|Kakawin Arjunawiwāha]]'']]<br /> Many old manuscripts dated from ancient [[Java]], [[Indonesia]], were written on ''rontal'' palm-leaf manuscripts. Manuscripts dated from the 14th to 15th century during the [[Majapahit]] period. Some were found even earlier, like the ''[[Arjunawiwaha]]'', the ''[[Smaradahana]]'', the ''[[Nagarakretagama]]'', and the ''[[Kakawin Sutasoma]]'', which were discovered on the neighboring islands of [[Bali]] and [[Lombok]]. This suggested that the tradition of preserving, copying, and rewriting palm-leaf manuscripts continued for centuries. Other palm-leaf manuscripts include [[Sundanese language]] works: the ''[[Carita Parahyangan]]'', the ''[[Sanghyang Siksa Kandang Karesian]],'' and the ''[[Bujangga Manik]]''.<br /> <br /> === Myanmar (Burma) ===<br /> [[File:Kamawa-sa from Bagan Myanmar, mid-19th century, East-West Center.JPG|thumb|A 19th-century palm-leaf manuscript called ''kammawa'' from Bagan, Myanmar]]<br /> In Myanmar, the palm-leaf manuscript is called '''''pesa''''' (ပေစာ). In the pre-colonial era, along with [[Folding-book manuscript|folding-book manuscripts]], ''pesa'' was a primary medium of transcribing texts, including religious scriptures, and administrative and juridical records.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Citation |last=Emmrich |first=Christoph |title=From Manuscript to Print in South and Southeast Asia |date=2021-05-26 |url=https://oxfordre.com/religion/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780199340378.001.0001/acrefore-9780199340378-e-582 |encyclopedia=Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Religion |publisher=Oxford University Press |language=en |doi=10.1093/acrefore/9780199340378.013.582 |isbn=978-0-19-934037-8 |access-date=2023-03-01|url-access=subscription }}&lt;/ref&gt; The use of ''pesa'' dates back to 12th century [[Pagan Kingdom|Bagan]], but the majority of existent pesa date to the 1700-1800s.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Key historical sources, including [[Burmese chronicles]], were first originally recorded using ''pesa''.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Citation |last=Goh |first=Geok Yian |title=Commercial Networks and Economic Structures of Theravada Buddhist Southeast Asia (Thailand and Myanmar) |date=2021-02-23 |url=https://oxfordre.com/asianhistory/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277727.001.0001/acrefore-9780190277727-e-546 |encyclopedia=Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Asian History |publisher=Oxford University Press |language=en |doi=10.1093/acrefore/9780190277727.013.546 |isbn=978-0-19-027772-7 |access-date=2023-03-01|url-access=subscription }}&lt;/ref&gt; The Burmese word for &quot;literature&quot;, ''sape'' (စာပေ) is derived from the word ''pesa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;''<br /> <br /> In the 17th century, decorated palm leaf manuscripts called {{IAST|kammavācā}} or ''kammawasa'' (ကမ္မဝါစာ) emerged.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; The earliest such manuscript dates to 1683.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;The manuscript is called {{lang|my|ပဉ္စနိပါတ် အင်္ဂုတ္တိုရ် အဋ္ဌကထာ}} in Burmese.&lt;/ref&gt; These decorated manuscripts include ornamental motifs and are inscribed with ink on lacquered palm leaves gilded with gold leaf.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; ''Akasayavaca'' manuscripts are written using a tamarind-seed typeface similar to the style used in Burmese stone inscriptions.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; Palm-leaf manuscripts continued to be produced in the country well into the 20th century.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=The Project to Digitize |url=https://mmdl.utoronto.ca/about/the-project-to-digitize/ |access-date=2023-03-25 |website=Myanmar Manuscript Digital Library}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The [[Universities' Central Library]] in Yangon houses the country's largest collection of traditional manuscripts, including 15,000 ''pesa''.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2018 |title=The Documentary heritage of Myanmar: selected case studies |url=https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000370600?posInSet=1&amp;queryId=84896d88-79b6-4a07-92a4-82a6352fa98d |access-date=2023-02-28 |website=UNESCO}}&lt;/ref&gt; In February 2013, the [[Pali Text Society]], [[Sendai University]], and the [[University of Toronto]], along with local partners, began an ongoing initiative to digitise and catalogue Myanmar's palm-leaf manuscripts, including collections from [[U Pho Thi Library]] in [[Thaton]], and [[Bagaya Monastery]] in Inwa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Archives |url=https://mmdl.utoronto.ca/about/archives/ |access-date=2023-03-25 |website=Myanmar Manuscript Digital Library}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; The digitised manuscripts are available at the [[Open access|open-access]] Myanmar Manuscript Digital Library.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2020-04-27 |title=U of T's Myanmar Digital Library of rare manuscripts and artefacts opens access to scholars worldwide |url=https://www.artsci.utoronto.ca/news/u-ts-myanmar-digital-library-rare-manuscripts-and-artefacts-opens-access-scholars-worldwide |access-date=2023-03-25 |website=Faculty of Arts &amp; Science |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Preparation and preservation==<br /> [[File:Lontar press.jpg|thumb|Press used for preparing palm leaves for writing.]]<br /> The palm leaves are first cooked and dried. The writer then uses a [[stylus]] to inscribe letters. Natural colourings are applied to the surface so the ink will stick to the grooves. This process is similar to [[Intaglio (printmaking)|intaglio]] printing. Afterwards, a clean cloth is used to wipe out the excess ink and the leaf manuscript is done.&lt;ref&gt;Padmakumar, P. K., Sreekumar, V. B., Rangan, V. V., &amp; Renuuka, C. (2003). Palm Leaves as Writing Material: History and Methods of Processing in Kerala. ''PALMS, 47''(3), 125-129.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Kumar, D. U., Sreekumar, G. V., Athvankar, U. A. (2009). Traditional writing system in Southern India — Palm leaf manuscripts. ''Design Thoughts, 7'', 2-7.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == See also ==<br /> * [[Birch bark manuscript]]<br /> * [[Folding-book manuscript]]<br /> * [[Gandhāran Buddhist texts]]<br /> * [[Ho trai]], library of Thai Temple<br /> * [[Pitakataik]], scriptural libraries in Myanmar<br /> * [[Orihon]], a concertina-folded book format originating in China and popularized in Japan<br /> * [[Palm Leaf Manuscript Museum, Thiruvananthapuram]], world's first and largest Palm-leaf Manuscript Museum<br /> * [[U Pho Thi Library]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==Further reading==<br /> *Production of manuscripts<br /> **[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-lCIwWwPP0I &quot;Engraving Balinese letter on a Lontar at Udayana University Bali&quot;]. Published by Lontar Library of Udayana University on 22 Jan 2012.<br /> **[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-yPk3KmNZdw &quot;How to ink up an inscribed palm leaf manuscript&quot;]. Published by Mellon Sawyer Seminar Eurasian Manuscripts of University of Iowa on 22 Feb 2017.<br /> **[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1G7Nd5Y6UCE &quot;How to make the Palm Leaf Manuscripts&quot;]. Published by Palm Leaf Manuscript Study &amp; Research Library of University of Kelaniya on 20 Jul 2016.<br /> **[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UrCQPoR3yAo &quot;Ola Leaf manuscripts&quot;]. Published by OpportunitySriLanka.com on 4 Dec 2013.<br /> *Preservation of manuscripts<br /> **[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Km27fLSZxxg &quot;Traditional preservation method for oiling palm leaf manuscript leaves in Myanmar&quot;]. Video by Hlaing Hlaing Gyi at the University of Yangon Library in Myanmar. Uploaded 20 Oct 2016.<br /> **Jarusawat, P., &amp; Cox, A. M. (2023). Community-driven care of Lanna palm-leaf manuscripts. ''IFLA Journal'', 49(1), 132–142.<br /> **[http://tamilnews24x7.com/thalayangam_details.php?id=33 &quot;தமிழ் சுவடிகள்: உண்மையும் நமது கடமையும்&quot;] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200806030101/http://tamilnews24x7.com/thalayangam_details.php?id=33 |date=2020-08-06 }}. Published by Neelakandan Nagarajan Researcher Tamil Manuscripts, International Institute of Tamil Studies, Tharamani, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, On 8 July 2019<br /> **[http://tamilnews24x7.com/thalayangam_details.php?id=34 &quot;தமிழ் சுவடிகள்: உண்மையும் நமது கடமையும் &amp;#91;பாகம் 2&amp;#93;&quot;] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200806024056/http://tamilnews24x7.com/thalayangam_details.php?id=34 |date=2020-08-06 }}. Published by Neelakandan Nagarajan Researcher Tamil Manuscripts, International Institute of Tamil Studies, Tharamani, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, On 14 Juல்ய் 2020<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> {{Commons category|Palm-leaf manuscripts}}<br /> * [https://web.archive.org/web/20131113000647/http://www.pbs.org/thestoryofindia/gallery/photos/10.html Palm-leaf manuscripts at Asiatic Library, Calcutta]<br /> * [https://mmdl.utoronto.ca/ Myanmar Manuscript Digital Library at University of Toronto]<br /> * {{YouTube|id=Q72KDDMnjp4|title=Making a palm-leaf manuscript}}<br /> <br /> {{Writing}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Manuscripts by type]]<br /> [[Category:Palm trees in culture]]<br /> [[Category:Memory of the World Register]]<br /> [[Category:Hindu literature]]</div>

Evan692365 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dev_Meena&diff=496384 2026-01-05T22:15:11Z

<p>Evan692365: put up first pg from scratch</p> <hr /> <div>{{short description|Indian pole vaulter}}<br /> {{Infobox sportsperson<br /> | name = Dev Meena<br /> | image = Dev Meena.jpg<br /> | caption = Meena in 2025<br /> | fullname = Dev Kumar Meena<br /> | birth_date = {{birth date and age|2005|6|7|df=yes}}<br /> | birth_place = [[Dewas]], [[Madhya Pradesh]], India<br /> | education = [[Bachelor of Arts]]<br /> | alma_mater = [[Khalsa College, Amritsar]]<br /> | sport = [[Track and field]]<br /> | event = [[Pole vault]]<br /> | coach = [[Ángel García (pole vaulter)|Ángel García]]<br /> | pb = 5.40 m {{AthAbbr|NR|Indian}} ([[Lohrheidestadion|2025]])<br /> | medaltemplates = {{MedalSport|Men's [[Sport of athletics|athletics]]}} [[File:Athletics pictogram.svg|30px]]<br /> {{Medal|Country|{{IND}}}}<br /> {{MedalCompetition|[[Asian U20 Athletics Championships|Asian U20 Championships]]}}<br /> {{MedalBronze|[[2024 Asian U20 Athletics Championships|2024 Dubai]]|[[2024 Asian U20 Athletics Championships#Men|Pole vault]]}}<br /> }}<br /> '''Dev Kumar Meena''' (born 7 May 2005) is an Indian [[pole vault]]er.&lt;ref name=&quot;WA&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Dev Kumar Meena – Athlete Profile |url=https://worldathletics.org/athletes/india/dev-kumar-meena-15036733 |access-date=24 September 2025 |website=World Athletics}}&lt;/ref&gt; His personal best jump of 5.40 m, set at the [[2025 Summer World University Games|2025 World University Games]], is the [[List of Indian records in athletics|Indian record]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Oly&quot;&gt;{{cite web |date=July 2025 |title=Dev Meena raises pole vault bar with national record |url=https://www.olympics.com/en/news/dev-meena-india-pole-vault-national-record-fisu-world-university-games-2025 |access-date=24 September 2025 |website=Olympics.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Early life ==<br /> Meena was born on 7 May 2005 in [[Dewas]], [[Madhya Pradesh]], India.&lt;ref name=&quot;WA&quot; /&gt; He initially competed as a [[400 metres|400 m]] runner before shifting to pole vault on the advice of coach Ghanshyam Yadav, who considered his physique suited to the event. He trains at the Madhya Pradesh Athletics Academy in Bhopal and has also worked under Cuban coach [[Ángel García (pole vaulter)|Ángel García]].&lt;ref name=&quot;ESPN&quot;&gt;{{cite news |date=April 2025 |title=Dev Meena vaults high with national record |url=https://www.espn.com/athletics/story/_/id/44809572/dev-meena-vaults-high-national-record-pole-buckles-weight-federation-demands-fed-cup-kochi-2025 |access-date=24 September 2025 |work=ESPN}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Performance record==<br /> <br /> ===Tournaments===<br /> {| {{AchievementTable | Event=}}<br /> |-<br /> !colspan=&quot;6&quot;|Representing {{IND}}<br /> |-<br /> | 2024<br /> | [[2024 Asian U20 Athletics Championships|Asian U20 Championships]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UAE}} [[Dubai]], UAE<br /> | bgcolor=#CFAA88|3rd<br /> | 5.10 m<br /> |-<br /> | 2025<br /> | [[Athletics at the 2025 Summer World University Games – Men's pole vault|World University Games]]<br /> | {{flagicon|GER}} [[Bochum]], Germany<br /> | 5th<br /> | 5.40 m<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Seasonal bests===<br /> {|class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Year<br /> ! Date<br /> ! Location<br /> ! Performance<br /> ! Notes<br /> |-<br /> | 2022<br /> | 2 June<br /> | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Nadiad]], India<br /> | 4.60 m<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | 2023<br /> | 31 October <br /> | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Bambolim]], India<br /> | 5.16 m<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | 2024<br /> | 29 September <br /> | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Patna]], India<br /> | 5.20 m<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | 2025<br /> | 25 July<br /> | {{flagicon|GER}} [[Bochum]], Germany <br /> | 5.40 m <br /> |{{AthAbbr|NR|Indian}}<br /> |}<br /> <br /> Source: [https://worldathletics.org/athletes/india/dev-kumar-meena-15036733 World Athletics]<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> <br /> * [https://worldathletics.org/athletes/india/dev-kumar-meena-15036733 Dev Meena] at World Athletics<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Meena, Dev}}<br /> [[Category:2005 births]]<br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:Indian men pole vaulters]]<br /> [[Category:21st-century Indian sportsmen]]</div>

Evan692365 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nambi_Narayanan&diff=457311 2025-12-28T13:46:23Z

<p>Evan692365: improved article</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian rocket scientist (born 1941)}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=January 2018}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2021}}<br /> {{Infobox person<br /> | name = Nambi Narayanan <br /> | image = Nambi Narayanan.jpg<br /> | caption = Narayanan in 2017<br /> | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1941|12|12|df=yes}}<br /> | birth_place = [[Nagercoil]], [[Travancore|Kingdom of Travancore]], [[British Raj|British India]]&lt;br&gt;(present day [[Kanyakumari district|Kanyakumari]], [[Tamil Nadu]], India)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Nambi Narayanan : R Madhavan's 'Rocketry: The Nambi Effect' will explore the untold story of scientist Nambi Narayanan. Here's what you need to know |work=The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/r-madhavans-rocketry-the-nambi-effect-will-explore-the-untold-story-of-scientist-nambi-narayanan-heres-what-you-need-to-know/articleshow/92484451.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2022-08-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220627073403/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/r-madhavans-rocketry-the-nambi-effect-will-explore-the-untold-story-of-scientist-nambi-narayanan-heres-what-you-need-to-know/articleshow/92484451.cms?from=mdr |archive-date=2022-06-27}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | occupation = Aerospace engineer&lt;!-- Occupation(s) as given in the lead; --&gt;<br /> | awards = [[Padma Bhushan]] (2019)&lt;ref name=&quot;GoI&quot;/&gt;<br /> | alma_mater = {{Unbulleted_list| [[Princeton University]]&lt;br&gt;{{small|([[Master of Science in Engineering]])}}<br /> | [[Thiagarajar College of Engineering, Madurai]]&lt;br&gt;{{small|([[Bachelor of Technology]])}}&lt;ref name=&quot;TH&quot;/&gt;}}<br /> | spouse = Meena Narayanan<br /> | children = 2<br /> | relatives = [[Subbiah Arunan]] (son-in-law)<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Nambi Narayanan''' (born 12 December 1941)&lt;ref name=&quot;ReadyToFire&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last1=Narayanan |first1=Nambi |last2=Ram |first2=Arun |title=Ready To Fire: How India and I Survived the ISRO Spy Case |date=2018 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing |isbn=9789386826275 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ks1SDwAAQBAJ |access-date=31 October 2018 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; is an Indian [[Aerospace engineering|aerospace scientist]] who worked for the [[ISRO|Indian Space Research Organisation]] (ISRO). As a senior official at the ISRO, he was briefly in charge of the [[cryogenics]] division.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2021-08-06 |title=Nambi Narayanan sees U.S. hand in ISRO spy case |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/former-scientist-sees-us-hand-in-isro-spy-case/article35771034.ece |access-date=2022-03-22 |issn=0971-751X}}&lt;/ref&gt; He was awarded the [[Padma Bhushan]], India's third-highest civilian award, in March 2019.&lt;ref name=&quot;GoI2&quot;&gt;{{cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Tb_z0jFpQKk |title=President Kovind presents Padma Bhushan to Shri S. Nambi Narayanan |date=16 March 2019 |language=English |publisher=Government of India |access-date=19 July 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In 1994, he was arrested on charges of [[espionage]], which were found to be baseless by the [[Central Bureau of Investigation]] (CBI) in April 1996.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/isro-spy-case-the-scientist-who-came-in-from-the-cold/articleshow/64616516.cms|title=Isro spy case: The scientist who came in from the cold|last=Aravind|first=Indulekha|date=2018-06-17|work=The Economic Times|access-date=2019-12-27}}&lt;/ref&gt; As a result, the [[Supreme Court of India]] dismissed all charges against him and prohibited the [[Government of Kerala]] from continuing its investigation.&lt;ref name=&quot;Nileena-Caravan&quot;/&gt; In 2018, a Supreme Court bench headed by then [[Chief Justice of India|Chief Justice]] [[Dipak Misra]], awarded Narayanan compensation of {{INRConvert|50|l|year=2018}}. Additionally, the Government of Kerala then awarded him further compensation of roughly {{INR convert|1.3|c|year=2018}} in 2019.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/isro-scientist-implicated-in-fake-spy-case-to-get-rs-1-3-crore-from-kerala-govt-1631928-2019-12-27|title=Isro scientist Nambi Narayanan implicated in fake spy case to get Rs 1.3 crore from Kerala govt|agency=Press Trust of India |date=December 27, 2019 |magazine=India Today|language=en|access-date=2019-12-27}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/nambi-narayanan-to-get-13-crore/article30405362.ece|title=Former ISRO scientist Nambi Narayanan to get ₹1.3 crore|date=2019-12-26|work=The Hindu|access-date=2019-12-27|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}&lt;/ref&gt; The film ''[[Rocketry: The Nambi Effect]]'', based on his life, starring and directed by [[R. Madhavan]], was released in July 2022.<br /> <br /> == Early and personal life ==<br /> Nambi Narayanan was born on 12 December 1941 in [[Nagercoil]], in the erstwhile [[Princely state]] of [[Travancore]] (present-day [[Kanyakumari District]]). He completed his schooling at Higher Secondary School, Nagercoil.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/memories-of-a-spy-who-won-framed-scientist-vindicated-on-milestone-eve/cid/379297|title=Memories of a 'spy' who won - Framed scientist vindicated on milestone-eve|website=www.telegraphindia.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://taazakhabarnews.com/how-was-nambi-narayanan-framed-in-a-fake-spy-case/|title=How Nambi Narayanan was framed in a fake Spy Case?|date=17 September 2018|website=Taazakhabar News}}&lt;/ref&gt; He received a [[Bachelor of Technology]] in [[Mechanical Engineering]] from [[Thiagarajar College of Engineering|Thiagarajar College of Engineering, Madurai]].&lt;ref name=&quot;TH&quot;&gt;{{cite news |last= |first= |date=9 December 2014|title=After 5 decades, TCE students come together for a reunion|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Madurai/after-5-decades-tce-students-come-together-for-a-reunion/article6675198.ece|newspaper=The Hindu}}&lt;/ref&gt; Narayanan lost his father while pursuing his degree in [[Madurai]], with his mother falling sick soon after. He had two sisters. Nambi married Meena Narayanan and has two children. Their son, Shankar Narayanan, is a businessman. Their daughter, Geetha Arunan, is a [[Montessori education|Montessori school]] teacher in [[Bangalore]] and is married to [[Subbiah Arunan]], an ISRO scientist, who was the director of the [[Mars Orbiter Mission]] and a [[Padma Shri]] awardee.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Ram |first=Arun |title=S Arunan: Man behind ISRO's Mars Orbiter Mission |work=The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/articleshow/43406070.cms |access-date=2022-07-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Career==<br /> After studying mechanical engineering in [[Madurai]], Narayanan started his career in 1966 at [[Indian Space Research Organisation|ISRO]] as a technical assistant at the [[Thumba Equatorial Rocket Launching Station]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Nileena-Caravan&quot;/&gt; He was sent to [[Princeton University]] on deputation at [[Government of India]]'s expense in 1969. He completed his master's program there in chemical rocket propulsion under professor [[:it:Luigi Crocco|Luigi Crocco]]. He returned to India with expertise in [[ Liquid rocket propellant|liquid propulsion]] at a time when Indian rocketry was still solely dependent on [[Solid-propellant rocket|solid propellants]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=Ittyipe |first1=Minu |title=A Gladiator in the Space-Ring |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/magazine/story/a-gladiator-in-the-space-ring/299101 |access-date=31 October 2018 |work=Outlook |date=13 July 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{bsn|date=June 2022}} He has claimed that he had to educate [[Vikram Sarabhai|Sarabhai]] on liquid propulsion technology in his book.&lt;ref name=&quot;ReadyToFire&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> == ISRO espionage charges ==<br /> {{main|ISRO espionage case}}<br /> <br /> On 30 November 1994, Narayanan was arrested as part of an investigation of alleged espionage, by a team of [[Kerala Police]] and [[Intelligence Bureau (India)|Intelligence Bureau]] officials, based on the videographed statements by a colleague that he and Narayanan had received money for transferring drawings and documents of rocket engines to two [[Maldivians|Maldivian]] women, Mariam Rasheeda and [[Fauziyya Hassan]], who were suspected to be spies. In December 1994, the transfer of the case to the [[Central Bureau of Investigation]] (CBI) was criticized in media and by opposition parties in [[Kerala]]. CBI was seen to be dominated by [[P. V. Narasimha Rao]], then-[[Prime Minister of India]] and some of the people named in the investigation were close to Rao and [[K. Karunakaran]], then-[[Chief Minister of Kerala]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Nileena-Caravan&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://caravanmagazine.in/reportage/space-secrets|last=MS|first=Nileena|date=1 November 2020|title= Space Secrets: How the CBI killed India's biggest espionage case|work=[[Caravan (magazine)|Caravan]]}}{{subscription required}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Narayanan spent 50 days in jail. He claims that officials from the Intelligence Bureau, who initially interrogated him, wanted him to make false accusations against the top brass of [[Indian Space Research Organisation|ISRO]]. He alleges that two IB officials had asked him to implicate [[A. E. Muthunayagam]], his boss and then-director of the [[Liquid Propulsion Systems Centre]] (LPSC), saying that when he refused to comply, he was tortured until he collapsed and was hospitalised.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=Sarin |first1=Ritu |title=Wrongly accused ISRO scientist seeks damages |url=http://www.expressindia.com/ie/daily/19990103/0035021.html |access-date=31 October 2018 |work=The Indian Express |date=3 January 1999 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040928145200/http://www.expressindia.com/ie/daily/19990103/0035021.html |archive-date=28 September 2004}}&lt;/ref&gt; He says his main complaint against ISRO is that it did not support him. [[K. Kasturirangan]], who was ISRO chairman at the time, stated that ISRO could not interfere in a legal matter.{{Citation needed|date=July 2022}} He has written that the director of CBI Vijaya Rama Rao met him in jail on 8 December (four days after the case was transferred), when he explained to the director that the drawings of rockets and engines were not classified and has expressed that the CBI director wondered how the case had gotten so far and apologized in that meeting.&lt;ref name=&quot;Nileena-Caravan&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> In April 1996, before the [[1996 Indian general election]], CBI submitted a closure report,&lt;ref name=&quot;Joshi-InToday&quot;&gt;{{cite web |last=Joshi |first=Charulata |date=31 August 1996 |title=ISRO spy scandal: IB, Kerala Police dispute CBI contention of bungling up the probe |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/investigation/story/19960831-isro-spy-scandal-ib-kerala-police-dispute-cbi-contention-of-bungling-up-the-probe-833786-1996-08-31 |website=India Today |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; saying that there was no espionage and that the testimonies of suspects were coerced by torture.&lt;ref name=&quot;Nileena-Caravan&quot;/&gt;{{rp|p=1|quote=The CBI submitted a closure report in April 1996, at a time when the Narasimha Rao government was facing a general election after a term in office that was mired in corruption scandals. ... Based on the testimonies of the accused, the CBI argued that there was no case of espionage at all. The bureau argued that the suspects were tortured by the police, and that their confessions had been extracted under duress}} In a previous order in a related case, Kerala High Court, which had seen the videos of interrogation, had dismissed allegations of torture and made critical comments about CBI's failure to follow all the leads.&lt;ref name=&quot;Nileena-Caravan&quot; /&gt; Amid attention on gaps in the CBI closure report, a challenge of the report in [[Kerala High Court]] by S. Vijayan, a police officer&lt;ref name=&quot;Joshi-InToday&quot;/&gt; and continuing political pressure, the Kerala government revoked the permission granted previously to CBI to investigate the case and ordered the Kerala police to take it up again. But a Supreme Court bench stopped it in April 1998 saying that &quot;the CBI found that no case had been made out&quot; and ordered the Kerala government to pay {{INRConvert|1|l|year=1998}} to each of the accused (including Narayanan).&lt;ref name=&quot;RK-Frontline&quot;&gt;{{cite web |last1=Krishnakuar |first1=R |title=Requiem for a scandal |url=https://frontline.thehindu.com/the-nation/article30161423.ece |website=frontline.thehindu.com |access-date=1 July 2022 |language=en |date=8 May 1998}}&lt;/ref&gt; In September 1999, the [[National Human Rights Commission of India|National Human Rights Commission]] (NHRC) passed strictures against the government of [[Kerala]] for having damaged Narayanan's distinguished career in space research along with the physical and mental torture to which he and his family were subjected. After the dismissal of charges against them, the two scientists, Sasikumar and Narayanan were transferred out of [[Thiruvananthapuram]] and were given desk jobs.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.outlookindia.com/article.aspx?204019 |title=Cops Tortured Me |publisher=Outlookindia.com |access-date=2012-10-04}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In 2001, the NHRC ordered the [[Government of Kerala]] to pay him a compensation of {{INR convert|1|c|year=2001}}.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.thehindu.com/news/states/kerala/article3871592.ece A shattered man now sits cool and detached]. The Hindu, 8 September 2012.&lt;/ref&gt; He retired in 2001. The Kerala High Court ordered a compensation amount of {{INRConvert|10|l|year=2012}} to be paid to Nambi Narayanan based on an appeal from NHRC India in September 2012.<br /> <br /> On 14 September 2018, the [[Supreme Court of India|Supreme Court]] appointed a panel to probe the &quot;harrowing&quot; arrest and alleged torture of Narayanan. A three-judge bench led by [[Chief Justice of India|Chief Justice]] [[Dipak Misra]] also awarded Narayanan {{INRConvert|50|l|year=2018}} in compensation for the mental cruelty he suffered all these years.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/sc-appoints-panel-to-look-into-harrowing-torture-of-nambi-narayanan/article24943213.ece?homepage=true|title=ISRO spy case victim wants justice|date= 14 September 2018|newspaper=The Hindu|last1=Rajagopal|first1=Krishnadas}}&lt;/ref&gt; The same month, Narayanan's name was recommended for Padma awards by [[Rajeev Chandrasekhar]], then a BJP member of parliament.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/former-kerala-top-cop-t-p-senkumar-puts-bjp-in-spot-over-padma-award-for-nambi-narayanan/cid/1682872|title=Former Kerala top cop puts BJP in spot over Padma for Nambi |last=Rakesh|first=K.M.|date=26 January 2019|work=[[Telegraph (India)]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === Recent developments ===<br /> In 2021, the Kerala government settled the case filed against it by Narayanan by agreeing to a payment of {{INRConvert|1.3|c}}.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Nambi Narayanan gets ₹1.3 cr. additional compensation |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/nambi-narayanan-gets-13-cr-additional-compensation/article32329022.ece |website=The Hindu |date=11 August 2020 |access-date=17 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210312125858/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/nambi-narayanan-gets-13-cr-additional-compensation/article32329022.ece|archive-date=12 March 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> On 14 April 2021 the [[Supreme Court of India]] ordered a CBI probe into the involvement of police officers in the conspiracy.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=ISRO Spy Case |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/2021/apr/15/isro-spy-case-nambi-narayanan-welcomes-cbi-probe-says-conspirators-should-be-exposed-2290329.html |website=The New Indian Express |access-date=17 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415094846/https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/2021/apr/15/isro-spy-case-nambi-narayanan-welcomes-cbi-probe-says-conspirators-should-be-exposed-2290329.html |archive-date=15 April 2021 |date=15 Apr 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; Several of the involved police officers filed petitions in different courts in Kerala lodging documents which they claimed showed transfer of lands between 2004 and 2008 by Narayanan to various CBI officers involved in the investigation, were produced.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://englisharchives.mathrubhumi.com/features/specials/isro-case-getting-murkier-ex-cops-allege-nambi-narayanan-transferred-acres-of-land-to-cbi-officers-1.5854176|title=ISRO case getting murkier: Ex-cops allege Nambi Narayanan transferred acres of land to CBI officers|last=Cherukkad|first=Rajan|work=Mathrubhumi|date=24 July 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; The Kerala High Court dismissed the pleas, stating the documents did not show land sales&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/isro-case-kerala-hc-dismisses-plea-claiming-nambi-narayanan-influenced-cbi-probe-by-land-deals/2369397/|title=ISRO case: Kerala HC dismisses plea claiming Nambi Narayanan influenced CBI probe by land deals|date=15 November 2021|work=PTI}}&lt;/ref&gt; but gave permission for the petitioners to file a fresh case if they could provide sale records .&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/nambi-narayanan-isro-spy-case-cbi-kerala-high-court-7616337/|title=Nambi Narayanan influenced CBI probe in ISRO spy case through land deals with agency officials: Kerala HC told|date=10 November 2021|work=PTI}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> [[File:President Kovind presents Padma Bhushan to Shri S. Nambi Narayanan.webm|thumb|President Kovind presents the Padma Bhushan to Nambi Narayanan]]<br /> <br /> ==Awards==<br /> * March 2019: [[Padma Bhushan]], India's third-highest civilian award.&lt;ref name=&quot;GoI&quot;&gt;{{cite AV media |date=16 March 2019|title=President Kovind presents Padma Bhushan to Shri S. Nambi Narayanan|language= English|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Tb_z0jFpQKk |access-date=19 July 2022|publisher= Government of India}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Bibliography==<br /> <br /> ===Books===<br /> * ''[[Ormakalude Bhramanapadham]]: An Autobiography'' by Nambi Narayanan, [[Prajesh Sen]]; Thrissur Current Books, 2017.<br /> * ''Ready To Fire: How India and I Survived the ISRO Spy Case'' by Nambi Narayanan, Arun Ram; Bloomsbury India, 2018.<br /> <br /> == Legacy ==<br /> * In July 2022, a biographical film was made titled ''[[Rocketry: The Nambi Effect]],'' written, directed by [[R. Madhavan]], who also played the titular role of Narayanan.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=1 November 2018|title=R. Madhavan: 95 per cent of Indians don't know about Nambi Narayanan, which I think is a crime|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/madhavan-nambi-narayanan-rocketry-the-nambi-effec-5428666/}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Teaser of R Madhavan's 'Rocketry – The Nambi Effect' gets 10 million views in 24 hours!|url=http://www.imdb.com/news/ni62268894|website=IMDb}}&lt;/ref&gt; The film won the Best Feature Film award at the 69th Indian National Film Awards in 2023.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2023-08-24 |title=Rocketry: The Nambi Effect wins National Award for Best Feature Film. Here's what the film is based on |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/technology/rocketry-the-nambi-effect-wins-national-award-for-best-feature-film-nambi-narayanan-isro-spy-case-101692879887922.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230921150048/https://www.hindustantimes.com/technology/rocketry-the-nambi-effect-wins-national-award-for-best-feature-film-nambi-narayanan-isro-spy-case-101692879887922.html |archive-date=21 September 2023 |access-date=2025-04-24 |work=Hindustan Times |language=en-us |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> == See also ==<br /> * [[Kuldeep Sharma (Cop)]]<br /> * [[R. B. Sreekumar]]<br /> * [[Sanjiv Bhatt]]<br /> * [[Haren Pandya]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * [http://www.frontline.in/static/html/fl1510/15101140.htm Most detail of false ISRO Spy case.]<br /> * [http://www.indianexpress.com/news/national-interest-the-isro-spy-case-test/1009451/ National Interest: The ISRO Spy Case Test- Sekar Gupta]<br /> * [https://www.rbth.com/blogs/2013/12/04/how_indias_cryogenic_programme_was_wrecked_31365 How India's cryogenic programme was wrecked]<br /> <br /> {{PadmaBhushanAwardRecipients 2010–2019}}<br /> {{authority control}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Narayanan, Nambi}}<br /> [[Category:1941 births]]<br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:Indian aerospace engineers]]<br /> [[Category:20th-century Indian engineers]]<br /> [[Category:Indian chemical engineers]]<br /> [[Category:People from Kanyakumari district]]<br /> [[Category:Scientists from Kerala]]<br /> [[Category:Recipients of the Padma Bhushan in science &amp; engineering]]<br /> [[Category:Prisoners and detainees of India]]</div>

Evan692365 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chibuzor_Nwakanma&diff=494073 2025-12-20T01:03:10Z

<p>Evan692365: put up the post added tags - done</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Nigerian footballer (1964/65–2022)}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}<br /> {{Infobox football biography<br /> | name = Chibuzor Nwakanma<br /> | image = <br /> | image_size = <br /> | caption = <br /> | birth_date = {{birth based on age at death|57|2022|04|08}}<br /> | birth_place = <br /> | death_date = {{Death date|2022|04|08|df=y}} (aged 57)<br /> | death_place = [[Aba, Nigeria]]<br /> | height = <br /> | position = [[Striker (association football)|Striker]]<br /> | youthyears1 = <br /> | youthclubs1 = <br /> | years1 = 1985–1986<br /> | clubs1 = [[SC East Bengal|East Bengal]]<br /> | caps1 = <br /> | goals1 = <br /> | years2 = 1987–1991<br /> | clubs2 = [[Mohammedan SC (Kolkata)|Mohammedan Sporting]]<br /> | caps2 = <br /> | goals2 = <br /> | years3 = 1993–1995<br /> | clubs3 = [[Mohun Bagan AC|Mohun Bagan]]<br /> | caps3 = <br /> | goals3 = <br /> | years4 = 1996–1998<br /> | clubs4 = [[Churchill Brothers FC Goa|Churchill Brothers]]<br /> | caps4 = <br /> | goals4 = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Chibuzor Nwakanma'''{{Audio|LL-Q33578_(ibo)-Goodymeraj-Chibuzor_Nwakanma.wav|Listen|help=no}} ({{birth based on age at death|57|2022|04|08}} – 8 April 2022) was a Nigerian professional [[association football|footballer]] who played for Indian football clubs [[Mohun Bagan AC|Mohun Bagan]], [[SC East Bengal|East Bengal]], [[Mohammedan SC (Kolkata)|Mohammedan Sporting]], and [[Churchill Brothers FC Goa|Churchill Brothers]] in the 1980s and 90s.<br /> <br /> == Early life ==<br /> Nwakanma was born in Nigeria and moved to India to study at the [[DAV College, Chandigarh|DAV College]], [[Panjab University]] in [[Chandigarh]] in the early 1980s.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; He met fellow Nigerian footballers [[Emeka Ezeugo]] and [[Christopher Kem]], with whom he partnered to help Panjab University win the All-India Inter-Varsity Football Championship in 1985.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; He also had a degree in [[theology]] from [[Bangalore]] in India.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=The pioneers - Indian Express |url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/the-pioneers/488225/ |access-date=2022-04-12 |website=archive.indianexpress.com |archive-date=5 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170105021257/http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/the-pioneers/488225 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Career ==<br /> Nwakanma was spotted by football scouts during his time at Panjab University. At the recommendation of fellow Nigerian footballer [[Chima Okorie]], who was then playing for [[Kolkata]]-based [[Mohammedan SC (Kolkata)|Mohammedan Sporting]], he traveled to the city (then known as Calcutta) which at the time was considered as the hub of [[Football in India|Indian football]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; After his studies in Chandigarh, Nwakanma was selected by [[SC East Bengal]], with whom he played for two seasons, before moving over to [[Mohun Bagan AC]] and later to [[Mohammedan SC (Kolkata)|Mohammedan Sporting]]. At Mohun Bagan, he was a member of the team that won the [[Calcutta Football League]], [[Durand Cup]], and [[Federation Cup (India)|Federation Cup]] in 1994, and at Mohammedan Sporting, he was part of the team that won the [[Sait Nagjee Football Tournament]], [[Kalinga Cup]], and the [[Bordoloi Trophy]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; He also represented [[Indian Football Association]] in an exhibition game against the visiting Dutch club [[PSV Eindhoven]], coached by [[Bobby Robson]], in 1991.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=PTI |date=8 April 2022 |title=Chibuzor Nwakanma, Former Nigerian Footballer And Kolkata Maidan Favourite, Dies at 57 |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/sports/chibuzor-nwakanma-former-nigerian-footballer-and-kolkata-maidan-favourite-dies-at-57-news-190729 |access-date=9 April 2022 |website=Outlook India |language=en |archive-date=9 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220409030832/https://www.outlookindia.com/sports/chibuzor-nwakanma-former-nigerian-footballer-and-kolkata-maidan-favourite-dies-at-57-news-190729 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; Before his retirement from football in 1998, he also played for the [[Goa]]n club [[Churchill Brothers FC Goa|Churchill Brothers]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; He also briefly represented [[Tollygunge Agragami FC]] and participated in the [[Bangladesh Premier League (football)|Bangladesh Premier League]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |date= 9 April 2022 |first1= Nilesh |last1= Bhattacharya |title= Chibuzor, who once ruled Kolkata football, dies in Nigeria |newspaper= Football News - [[Times of India]] |url= https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/top-stories/chibuzor-who-once-ruled-kolkata-football-dies-in-nigeria/articleshow/90741121.cms |access-date= 10 April 2022 |language= en |archive-date= 9 April 2022 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20220409072028/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/top-stories/chibuzor-who-once-ruled-kolkata-football-dies-in-nigeria/articleshow/90741121.cms |url-status= live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Style of play ==<br /> Nwakanma was amongst the first few foreign players to play in the Indian domestic football scene, representing the &quot;big three&quot; of Indian football clubs, [[Mohun Bagan]], [[East Bengal]], and [[Mohammedan SC (Kolkata)|Mohammedan Sporting]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; With a diminutive frame, Nwakanma was known for his goal-scoring abilities, and was noted to have been a household name in India at the time.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; He was known for his pace, control, powerful shooting and his dribbling skills.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; In a career spanning over two decades, he scored over 160 goals.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |title=Maidan star Chibuzor Nwakanma passes away |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/sports/football/maidan-star-chibuzor-nwakanma-passes-away/cid/1859775 |access-date=10 April 2022 |date=9 April 2022 |newspaper=[[The Telegraph (India)|The Telegraph]] |archive-date=10 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220410024934/https://www.telegraphindia.com/sports/football/maidan-star-chibuzor-nwakanma-passes-away/cid/1859775 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Personal life ==<br /> Nwakanma was known to be religious and became a [[pastor]] on his return to Nigeria after his retirement from professional football.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; He also established an academy in [[Lagos]] focusing his efforts on using football as means to keep young people away from a life of crime.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Sarkar |first=Sujata |date=2017-01-02 |title=Footballer turned priest reforms kids in Nigeria |url=https://www.mykhel.com/football/footballer-turned-priest-reforms-kids-at-nigeria-012227.html |access-date=2022-04-12 |website=MyKhel |language=en |archive-date=27 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210627161427/https://www.mykhel.com/football/footballer-turned-priest-reforms-kids-at-nigeria-012227.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Nwakanma died on 8 April 2022 from a [[cardiac arrest]] at his home in [[Aba, Nigeria]]. He was aged 57.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last1=Obafemi |first1=Jude |website=THE WILL |date=8 April 2022 |title=Former Indian-Based Footballer Nwakanma Dies At 57 |url=https://thewillnigeria.com/news/former-indian-based-footballer-nwakanma-dies-at-57/ |access-date=9 April 2022 |language=en-US |archive-date=8 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220408205526/https://thewillnigeria.com/news/former-indian-based-footballer-nwakanma-dies-at-57/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Nwakanma, Chibuzor}}<br /> [[Category:1960s births]]<br /> [[Category:2022 deaths]]<br /> [[Category:Nigerian men's footballers]]<br /> [[Category:Men's association football forwards]]<br /> [[Category:Panjab University alumni]]<br /> [[Category:East Bengal Club players]]<br /> [[Category:Mohammedan SC (Kolkata) players]]<br /> [[Category:Mohun Bagan Super Giant players]]<br /> [[Category:Churchill Brothers FC players]]<br /> [[Category:Tollygunge Agragami FC players]]<br /> [[Category:Nigerian expatriate men's footballers]]<br /> [[Category:Nigerian expatriate sportspeople in India]]<br /> [[Category:Expatriate men's footballers in India]]<br /> [[Category:20th-century Nigerian sportsmen]]<br /> [[Category:Footballers from Aba, Nigeria]]</div>

Evan692365 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rajat_Sen&diff=528475 2025-12-17T09:05:04Z

<p>Evan692365: made pg</p> <hr /> <div>{{short description|Indian Bengali revolutionary}}<br /> [[File:Freedom fighter Rajat Sen.jpg|thumb|Freedom fighter Rajat Sen]]<br /> '''Rajat Sen''' (1913 ― 6 May 1930) alias Rajat Kumar Sen was a Bengali revolutionary who joined in the [[Chittagong armoury raid]]. He died in a Kalarpole encounter with the [[Indian Imperial Police]].<br /> <br /> == Revolutionary activities ==<br /> Rajat Sen was born in [[British India]] in 1913. He hailed from Feringibazar, [[Chittagong District|Chittagong]], his father's name was Ranjan Lal Sen. Sen joined in revolutionary politics against the British rule while studying in intermediate class. He took active participation in the Chittagong Uprising led by ''Masterda'' [[Surya Sen]]. Being a member of Masterda's Indian Republican Army he took part in the Armoury raid on 18 April 1930 and an armed encounter in Jalalabad hill on 22 April 1930. After the encounter Sen along with his comrades retired to the village with great difficulty after successfully evading police and military surveillance.&lt;ref name=&quot;Kalicharan Ghosh 2012&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Chronological Dictionary of India's Independence|last=Kalicharan Ghosh|publisher=Sahitya Samsad|year=2012|isbn=978-81-86806-20-3|location=Kolkata|pages=137}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=Sansad Bangali Charitavidhan (Bengali)|last=Subodh Chandra Sengupta &amp; Anjali Basu|first=VOl -I|publisher=Sahitya Samsad|year=2002|isbn=81-85626-65-0|location=Kolkata|pages=450}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Death ==<br /> Police chased them on 6 May 1930. Sen secretly took shelter in a village beside [[Karnafuli River]] with his three friends Swadeshranjan Ray, [[Deba Gupta]] and [[Monoranjan Sen]]. They tried to escape and entered a bamboo grove in Kalarpole. While police arrived, there was a sharp exchange of fire and Sen, Deba Gupta, Monoranjan died. The fourth Swadesh died in police custody next day.&lt;ref name=&quot;Kalicharan Ghosh 2012&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=urqvDQAAQBAJ&amp;q=Tripura+Sen+Chattagram+armoury+raid&amp;pg=RA2-PA1920|title=Who's Who of Indian Martyrs|last=P. N. CHOPRA|first=VOL.I|year=1969|isbn=9788123021805|access-date=February 4, 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Chittagong_District|title=Chittagong District|access-date=February 4, 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> {{Indian Revolutionary Movement}}<br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Sen, Rajat}}<br /> [[Category:1913 births]]<br /> [[Category:1930 deaths]]<br /> [[Category:Anti-British establishment revolutionaries from East Bengal]]<br /> [[Category:People from Chittagong District]]<br /> [[Category:People shot dead by law enforcement officers in India]]</div>

Evan692365 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Treutler%27s_gecko&diff=541838 2025-12-16T04:01:34Z

<p>Evan692365: done</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Species of lizard}}<br /> {{speciesbox<br /> | status = LC<br /> | status_system = IUCN3.1<br /> | status_ref = &lt;ref name=&quot;iucn status 19 November 2021&quot;&gt;{{cite iucn |author=Srinivasulu, C. |author2=Srinivasulu, B. |date=2013 |title=''Hemidactylus treutleri'' |volume=2013 |article-number=e.T194113A2300084 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-1.RLTS.T194113A2300084.en |access-date=19 November 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | genus = Hemidactylus<br /> | species = treutleri <br /> | authority = [[Stephen Mahony|Mahony]], 2009<br /> | synonyms = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Treutler's gecko''' ('''''Hemidactylus treutleri''''') is a [[species]] of [[lizard]] in the [[Family (biology)|family]] [[Gekkonidae]]. The species is [[Endemism|endemic]] to [[India]].&lt;ref name=RDB&gt;{{NRDB species|genus=Hemidactylus|species=treutleri}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Etymology==<br /> The [[Specific name (zoology)|specific name]], ''treutleri'', is in honor of German-born Irish herpetoculturist [[Uli Treutler]] (1951–2006).&lt;ref&gt;[[Richard Allen &quot;Bo&quot; Crombet-Beolens|Beolens B]], [[Michael Watkins (zoologist)|Watkins M]], [[Michael Grayson|Grayson M]] (2011). ''The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles''. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. xiii + 296 pp. {{ISBN|978-1-4214-0135-5}}. (''Hemidactylus treutleri'', p. 268).&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Geographic range==<br /> ''H. treutleri'' is found in the southern Indian states of [[Andhra Pradesh]] and [[Telangana]].&lt;ref name=RDB/&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Habitat==<br /> The preferred natural [[habitat]]s of ''H. treutleri'' are [[forest]] and [[shrubland]], at altitudes of {{convert|350|–|720|m|ft|abbr=on}}.&lt;ref name=&quot;iucn status 19 November 2021&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==Further reading==<br /> *[[Stephen Mahony|Mahony S]] (2009). &quot;A New Species of Gecko of the Genus ''Hemidactylus'' (Reptilia: Gekkonidae) from Andhra Pradesh, India&quot;. ''Russian Journal of Herpetology'' '''16''' (1): 27–34. (''Hemidactylus treutleri'', new species).<br /> *[[Buddi Laxmi Narayana|Narayana BL]], [[G. Baburao|Baburao G]], [[V. Vasudeva Rao|Rao VV]] (2016). &quot;Distribution of Treutler's Gecko (''Hemidactylus treutleri'' Mahony, 2009) in Telangana and Andhra Pradesh, southern India – a general information&quot;. ''Reptile Rap, Newsletter of the South Asian Reptile Network (SARN)'' (18): 25–28.<br /> *Narayana BL, [[Glugoth Surender|Surender G]], Rao VV (2014). &quot;''Hemidactylus treutleri'' from Eastern Ghats, Andhra Pradesh, India&quot;. ''Taprobanica'' '''6''' (1): 55.<br /> *[[Rachakonda Sreekar|Sreekar R]], [[Shreekant Deodhar|Deodhar S]], [[Yashada Kulkarni|Kulkarni Y]] (2010). &quot;Predation on ''Hemidactylus treutleri'' (Squamata: Gekkonidae) by the peninsular rock agama ''Psammophilus dorsalis'' (Squamata: Agamidae) in Rishi Valley, Andhra Pradesh, India&quot;. ''Herpetology Notes, Publication of the Societas Europaea Herpetologica'' '''3''': 33–35.<br /> <br /> {{Taxonbar|from=Q3130144}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Hemidactylus]]<br /> [[Category:Reptiles described in 2009]]<br /> [[Category:Endemic reptiles of India]]<br /> {{Hemidactylus-stub}}</div>

Evan692365 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Abhishek_Chauhan&diff=484372 2025-12-08T10:42:30Z

<p>Evan692365: Done...</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian film and web-series actor (born 1991)}}<br /> {{Infobox person<br /> | name = Abhishek Chauhan<br /> | image = <br /> | alt = <br /> | caption = Chauhan in 2024<br /> | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1991|10|14}}<br /> | birth_place = [[Dehradun]], [[Uttarakhand]], India<br /> | alma_mater = [[Hindu College, Delhi|Hindu College]], [[University of Delhi]]<br /> | occupation = Actor<br /> | years_active = 2015–present<br /> | notable_works = ''[[Cubicles]]'', ''[[Undekhi]]'', ''[[Asur (TV series)|Asur 2]]'', ''[[Bahut Hua Samman]]'', ''[[Kill (film)|Kill]]'', ''[[Mast Mein Rehne Ka]]''<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Abhishek Chauhan''' (born 14 October 1991) is an Indian actor and former theatre artist who works primarily in Hindi-language web series and films.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Fresh from ''Kill'' fame, Abhishek Chauhan speaks about OTT, movies and financial planning for actors |first=Sounak |last=Mukhopadhyay |work=Livemint |date=17 April 2025 |url=https://www.livemint.com/entertainment/fresh-from-kill-fame-abhishek-chauhan-speaks-about-ott-movies-and-financial-planning-for-actors-freedom-to-say-no-11744877933556.html |access-date=29 April 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Early life and education ==<br /> Chauhan was born in [[Dehradun]], [[Uttarakhand]], and attended Sardar Patel Vidyalaya in [[Delhi]], where he first acted on stage.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Different strokes |first=Akash |last=Chatterjee |work=The New Indian Express |date=23 April 2025 |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/delhi/2025/Apr/23/different-strokes-4 |access-date=29 April 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; He studied history at [[Hindu College, Delhi|Hindu College]] while performing with repertory groups such as [[Tadpole Repertory]] and [[Actor Factor Theatre Company]].{{citation needed|date=April 2025}} After completing a one-year diploma at [[Drama School Mumbai|The Drama School Mumbai]] under coach [[Saurabh Sachdeva]], he relocated to the city in 2017 to pursue screen acting.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Abhishek Chauhan speaks about his new show, ''Cubicles'' |work=The Tribune |date=8 January 2022 |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/entertainment/abhishek-chauhan-speaks-about-his-new-show-cubicles-359349/ |access-date=29 April 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Career ==<br /> === 2015–2018: Web-series debut and theatre work ===<br /> Chauhan made his on-screen debut as Nihal in the college comedy ''[[Baked (TV series)|Baked]]'' (2015) while assisting directors behind the camera. During this period, he collaborated with theatre groups like ''FATS (For Arts’ Sake)'' and ''Kaivalya Plays'', performing in productions such as ''[[Shikhandi]]''.<br /> <br /> === 2019–2021: Breakthrough with ''Cubicles'' ===<br /> ''[[Cubicles]]'' gave Chauhan his breakthrough; reviewers praised his “endearing” performance as a relatable corporate newcomer.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title='Cubicles' S2 review – A syrupy take on corporate squabbles |work=The Times of India |date=7 January 2022 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/web-series/reviews/hindi/cubicles/season-2/seasonreview/88566151.cms |access-date=29 April 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; He followed this with roles in the [[Disney+ Hotstar]] heist comedy ''[[Bahut Hua Samman]]'' (2020) and [[SonyLIV]]’s thriller ''[[Undekhi]]'' (2020).<br /> <br /> === 2022–present: Film roles ===<br /> In 2023, Chauhan joined the second season of ''[[Asur (TV series)|Asur]]'' as its adult antagonist.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=It is an honour to work with Arshad Warsi in ''Asur 2'' – Exclusive |work=The Times of India |date=25 June 2023 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/abhishek-chauhan-it-is-an-honour-to-work-with-arshad-warsi-in-asur-2-he-kept-giving-me-cues-while-sweating-under-the-scorching-sun-exclusive/articleshow/101245956.cms |access-date=29 April 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; He earned acclaim for [[Dharma Productions]]’ action thriller ''[[Kill (film)|Kill]]'' (2024), training for four months in [[martial arts]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Abhishek Chauhan on playing NSG commando in ''Kill'': 'Most challenging part was staying physically fit' |first=Anurag |last=Bohra |work=Hindustan Times |date=21 July 2024 |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/abhishek-chauhan-on-playing-nsg-commando-in-kill-most-challenging-part-was-staying-physically-fit-101721491014079.html |access-date=29 April 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Filmography ==<br /> === Films ===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> ! Year !! Title !! Role !! Notes<br /> |-<br /> | 2020 || ''[[Bahut Hua Samman]]'' || Fundoo || Film debut<br /> |-<br /> | 2023 || ''[[Mast Mein Rehne Ka]]'' || Nanhe Gupta || <br /> |-<br /> | 2024 || ''[[Kill (film)|Kill]]'' || Viresh || [[National Security Guard|NSG]] commando role<br /> |}<br /> <br /> === Web series ===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> ! Year !! Title !! Role !! Network<br /> |-<br /> | 2015 || ''[[Baked (TV series)|Baked]]'' || Nihal || [[Voot]]<br /> |-<br /> | 2019–present || ''[[Cubicles_(web_series)|Cubicles]]'' || Piyush Prajapati || [[The Viral Fever|TVF]] / [[SonyLIV]]<br /> |-<br /> | 2020 || ''[[Undekhi]]'' || Rishi || [[SonyLIV]]<br /> |-<br /> | 2023 || ''[[Asur (TV series)|Asur 2]]'' || Shubh Joshi (adult) || [[JioCinema]]<br /> |-<br /> | 2025 || ''[[Khauf]]'' || Arun || [[Amazon Prime Video]]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == Stage credits ==<br /> * ''The Boy Who Stopped Smiling'' (2016)<br /> * ''Kaise Karenge?'' (2017)<br /> * ''[[The Resistible Rise of Arturo Ui]]'' (2022 adaptation)<br /> <br /> == Awards and nominations ==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> ! Year !! Award !! Category !! Work !! Result<br /> |-<br /> | 2023 || [[FOI Online Awards]] || Best Ensemble Cast || ''Cubicles'' || {{nom}}<br /> |-<br /> | 2024 || [[Filmfare OTT Awards]] || Best Supporting Actor || ''Mast Mein Rehne Ka'' || {{nom}}<br /> |-<br /> | 2024 || [[Times of India OTT Awards]] || Acting Excellence (Male) || ''Kill'' || {{nom}}<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> * {{IMDb name|9686439}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Chauhan, Abhishek}}<br /> [[Category:1991 births]]<br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:Indian male film actors]]<br /> [[Category:21st-century Indian male actors]]<br /> [[Category:Actors from Uttarakhand]]</div>

Evan692365 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Silli_block&diff=462734 2025-12-02T12:20:53Z

<p>Evan692365: add intro further and corrected details after review</p> <hr /> <div>{{More citations needed|date=May 2008}}<br /> {{Infobox settlement<br /> | name = Silli<br /> | nickname = <br /> | settlement_type = Community development block<br /> | image_skyline = File:Jonha Jalprapat.jpg<br /> | image_alt = <br /> | image_caption = Jonha Falls<br /> | pushpin_map = India Jharkhand#India3<br /> | pushpin_map_alt = <br /> | pushpin_map_caption = Location in Jharkhand<br /> | coordinates = {{coord|23.352|85.836|display=inline,title}}<br /> | subdivision_type = Country<br /> | subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}<br /> | subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]<br /> | subdivision_name1 = [[Jharkhand]]<br /> | subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of Jharkhand|District]]<br /> | subdivision_name2 = [[Ranchi district|Ranchi]]<br /> | government_type = [[Federalism in India|Federal democracy]]<br /> | unit_pref = Metric<br /> | area_footnotes = <br /> | area_total_km2 = 289.54<br /> | population_total = 113798<br /> | population_as_of = 2011<br /> | population_density_km2 = auto<br /> | population_demonym = <br /> | population_footnotes = <br /> | leader_title1 = <br /> | leader_name1 = <br /> | demographics_type1 = Languages<br /> | demographics1_title1 = Official<br /> | demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi]], [[Urdu]]<br /> | timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br /> | utc_offset1 = +5:30<br /> | postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]<br /> | postal_code = 835102 <br /> | area_code_type = Telephone/[[Subscriber trunk dialling|STD]] code<br /> | area_code = 06522<br /> | registration_plate =<br /> | blank1_name_sec1 = Literacy<br /> | blank1_info_sec1 = 73.73%<br /> | blank2_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency<br /> | blank2_info_sec1 = [[Ranchi (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ranchi]]<br /> | blank3_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency<br /> | blank3_info_sec1 = [[Silli (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Silli]]<br /> | website = {{URL|ranchi.nic.in/}} <br /> | footnotes = <br /> }}<br /> '''Silli''' is a [[Community development blocks in India|CD block]] that forms an administrative subdistrict in the [[Ranchi Sadar subdivision]] of [[Ranchi district]], in the Indian state of [[Jharkhand]].<br /> <br /> ==Maoist activities, dissent==<br /> Jharkhand is one of the states affected by [[Naxalite|Maoist]] activities. {{As of|2012}}, Ranchi district was among the highly affected districts in the state.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url = http://www.satp.org/satporgtp/countries/india/maoist/Assessment/2013/Jharkhand.htm |title = Jharkhand Assessment 2013 | publisher= Satp | access-date = 4 September 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; “Areas of Tamar, Bundu, Sonahatu, Angarha, Sikidari Police Stations and Rahe O.P. have been widely affected by activities of CPI (Maoist) group till the end of year 2009. At the end of year 2010, The activities of CPI (Maoist) group has been minimized up to almost zero level.”&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = https://jhpolice.gov.in/ranchi | title = District Police Profile Ranchi | work = Crime Trends – Specially Organised Crime Rural Area | publisher = Jharkhand Police | accessdate = 4 September 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> According to the Jharkhand Police spokesperson and Inspector General (IG) Saket Singh, as reported on December 8, 2020, “The activities of CPI-Maoist are now confined to small pockets in the state because of our efforts.” Civilian fatalities, a key index of security in a region, declined from 20 in 2019, to 8 in 2020, the lowest in this category since 2000, when there were 13 such fatalities. The 28 total fatalities recorded in 2020 are also the lowest overall fatalities recorded in the state in a year since 2000, when they stood at 36.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url = https://www.indiablooms.com/news-details/O/68556/jharkhand-dying-embers.html | title= Jharkhand: Dying Embers | date= 18 January 2021 |publisher= India Blooms| access-date = 4 September 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Ranchi being the capital city of the state has always been under minute scrutiny of all.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = https://jhpolice.gov.in/ranchi | title = District Police Profile - Ranchi | work = SP’s message and vision | publisher = Jharkhand Police | access-date = 4 September 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; The arrest, from his home in Ranchi on October 9, 2020, by the [[National Investigation Agency|NIA]], of 83-years old [[Stan Swamy|Rev. Fr. Stan Swamy, S.J.]], [[Jesuit]] priest and activist, working with tribals for decades, and his subsequent death in custody, in a Mumbai hospital, on 5 July 2021, has been widely discussed.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/nia-court-to-pass-order-on-stan-swamy-bail-on-march-22/article34084504.ece|title=NIA court to pass order on Stan Swamy bail on March 22|newspaper=The Hindu|date=16 March 2021|via=www.thehindu.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=Regi |first1=Anjali |title=Fr. Stan Swamy arrested: Widespread protest |url=https://www.catholicfocus.in/fr-stan-swamy-arrested-widespread-protest/ |website=Catholic Focus |date=9 October 2020 |access-date=11 October 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/father-stan-swamy-accused-in-elgar-parishad-case-passes-away-3927641.html | title=Elgar Parishad Case: Activist Stan Swamy, 84, Passes Away Ahead of Hearing on Bail Plea | publisher=News18 | date=5 July 2021 | access-date=5 July 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = https://indianexpress.com/article/india/stan-swamy-arrest-father-nia-6718311/ | title = 'Distressed, troubled': Ranchi Catholic Church issues statement on Stan Swamy's arrest, demands his release | date = 9 October 2020 | publisher = The Indian Express, 9 October 2020 | access-date = 4 September 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Geography==<br /> Silli is located in the southern part of the [[Chota Nagpur Plateau]], and about 60 kilometers from the city of Ranchi. It has a hilly topography and its dense tropical forests a combination that produces a relatively moderate climate compared to the rest of the state.<br /> {{OSM Location map<br /> | coord = {{coord|23.354|85.795}}<br /> | zoom = 11 <br /> | arc-coordA = {{coord|23.286|85.877}}<br /> | arc-textA = Purulia district<br /> | arc-text-sizeA = 18<br /> |arc-text-colorA = grey<br /> | arc-angleA = 135<br /> | arc-gapA = -1.5<br /> | arc-radiusA = 0.6 <br /> }}<br /> Silli CD block is located on the [[Chota Nagpur Plateau|Lower Chota Nagpur Plateau]]. It has an average elevation of {{convert|500-1000|ft}} above mean sea level.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2019_PART_A_DCHB_RANCHI.pdf | title = District Census Handbook Ranchi, Series 21 Part XII A, Census of India 2011 | work = Page 9: Administrative Setup, Page 10: Physiography | publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, Jharkhand | accessdate = 28 August 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Situated at an edge of the [[Chota Nagpur Plateau#Ranchi plateau|Ranchi plateau]], the [[Jonha Falls]] (also known as Gautamdhara Falls) is an example of a hanging valley falls. The Gunga River hangs over its master stream, Raru River and forms the falls.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=T1Y_Ytx9wp4C&amp;q=Ranchi+plateau&amp;pg=PA161 | title = Physical Geography: Hydrosphere By K. Bharatdwaj |access-date = 2010-05-02 | isbn = 9788183561679 | last1 = Bharatdwaj | first1 = K | year = 2006 | publisher = Discovery Publishing House }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Silli CD block is bounded by the [[Gola (community development block)|Gola]] CD block in Ramgarh district on the north, [[Jhalda I]] CD block in [[Purulia district]] of West Bengal on the east, [[Sonahatu block|Sonahatu]] CD block on the south and [[Rahe block|Rahe]] and [[Angara block|Angara]] CD blocks on the west.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = https://www.mapsofindia.com/maps/jharkhand/tehsil/ranchi.html | title = Ranchi CD block/ Tehsil map | publisher = Maps of India | accessdate = 28 August 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = https://www.mapsofindia.com/maps/jharkhand/tehsil/ramgarh.html | title = Ramgarh CD block/ Tehsil map | publisher = Maps of India | accessdate = 28 August 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url = http://purulia.gov.in/distAdmin/blocks/blocks.html |title = Purulia district |work = Blocks in Purulia district | publisher= Purulia district administration | access-date = 14 September 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Silli CD block has an area of 289.54&amp;nbsp;km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;.&lt;ref name=census2011&gt;{{cite web| url = https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/2019_PART_B_DCHB_RANCHI.pdf|title = District Census Handbook, Ranchi, Series 21, Part XII B| work= Page 28: District primary census abstract, 2011 census |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand | access-date = 28 August 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;[[Silli#Police station|Silli]] police station serves Silli CD block.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url = https://jhpolice.gov.in/ranchi| title= District Police Profile - Ranchi |publisher= Jharkhand Police| access-date = 28 August 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; The headquarters of Silli CD block is located at [[Silli]] village.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url = https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2019_PART_A_DCHB_RANCHI.pdf|title = District Census Handbook, Ranchi, Series 21, Part XII A| work= Map of Ranchi district on the third page |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand | access-date = 28 August 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Although Silli has a [[humid subtropical climate]], its location and the forests surrounding it combine to produce the unusually pleasant climate for which it's known. Summer temperatures range from 20&amp;nbsp;°C to 42 degrees, winter temperatures from 8&amp;nbsp;°C to 25 degrees. December and January are the coolest months, with temperatures dipping to the freezing point in some areas.<br /> <br /> ==Demographics==<br /> ===Population===<br /> According to the [[2011 Census of India]], Silli CD block had a total population of 113,798, of which 101,054 were rural and 12,744 were urban. There were 58,087 (51%) males and 55,711 (49%) females. Population in the age range 0–6 years was 15,320. [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Scheduled Castes]] numbered 6,555 (5.76%) and [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Scheduled Tribes]] numbered 28,292 (24.86%).&lt;ref name=census2011/&gt;<br /> <br /> The percentage of Scheduled Tribes in Ranchi district, in 2011, was 47.67% of the population (rural) in the blocks.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url = https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2019_PART_A_DCHB_RANCHI.pdf|title = District Census Handbook, Ranchi, Series 21, Part XII A| work= Page 56, Table 14: Number and percentage of scheduled castes and scheduled tribes (rural) population in CD Blocks, 2011 |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand | access-date = 28 August 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; The percentage of Scheduled Tribes, numbering 1,042,016, in the total population of Ranchi district numbering 2,914,253 in 2011, was 35.76%. The [[Kurukh people|Oraons]] forming 18.20% of the population and the [[Munda people|Mundas]] forming 10.30% of the population, were the main tribes. Other tribes included (percentage of population in brackets) Lohra (2.46), Bedia (1.32) and [[Mahli tribe|Mahli]] (1.09).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url = https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2019_PART_A_DCHB_RANCHI.pdf|title = District Census Handbook, Ranchi, Series 21, Part XII A| work= Pages 39-40: Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes of Cenus 2011 |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand | access-date = 28 August 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The only [[census town]] in Silli CD block is (2011 population figure in brackets): [[Muri, Ranchi|Muri]] (12,744).&lt;ref name=census2011/&gt;<br /> <br /> Large villages (with 4,000+ population) in Silli CD block are (2011 census figures in brackets): Lota (4,760), [[Silli]] (5,222) and Bantahajam (8,677).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/2019_PART_B_DCHB_RANCHI.pdf | title = District Census Handbook, Ranchi, Series 21, Part XII B | work = Page 190,196, 202| publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, Jharkhand | accessdate = 28 August 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Literacy===<br /> {{As of|2011}} census, the total number of literate persons in Silli CD block was 72,611 (73.73% of the population over 6 years) out of which males numbered 43,018 (85.57% of the male population over 6 years) and females numbered 29,593 (61.39% of the female population over 6 years). The [[Literacy#Gender disparities|gender disparity]] (the difference between female and male literacy rates) was 24.18%.&lt;ref name=census2011/&gt;<br /> <br /> {{As of|2011}} census, literacy in Ranchi district was 77.13%. Literacy in Jharkhand was 67.63% in 2011.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/prov_data_products_jharkhand.html | title= Provisional Population Totals Paper 1 of 2011: Jharkhand |work= Sr. No. 5, Sheet 2 |publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, Government of India | access-date = 28 August 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; Literacy in India in 2011 was 74.04%.&lt;ref name=&quot;censusindia.gov.in&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/data_files/india/Final_PPT_2011_chapter6.pdf |title=Ranking of states and union territories by literacy rate: 2011|work= Page 110| publisher=Government of India| access-date = 28 August 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> See also – [[List of Jharkhand districts ranked by literacy rate]]<br /> <br /> {{Literacy in CD Blocks of Ranchi district|collapsible=y}}<br /> <br /> ===Language and religion===<br /> {{bar box<br /> |title=Religions in Silli CD block (2011)&lt;ref name=&quot;Religion&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Table C-01 Population By Religion - Jharkhand|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11377/download/14490/DDW20C-01%20MDDS.XLS|website=census.gov.in|publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |titlebar=#Fcd116<br /> |left1=Religion<br /> |right1=Percent<br /> |float=left<br /> |bars=<br /> {{bar percent|[[Hinduism]]|darkorange|81.90}}<br /> {{bar percent|Others*|maroon|12.94}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[Islam]]|green|3.95}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[Christianity in Jharkhand|Christianity]]|dodgerblue|0.75}}<br /> {{bar percent|Other or not stated|black|0.46}}<br /> |caption=&lt;small&gt;*mainly tribal religions like [[Sarnaism|Sarna]]&lt;/small&gt;<br /> }}<br /> <br /> [[Hindi]] is the official language in Jharkhand and [[Urdu]] has been declared as an additional official language.&lt;ref name=&quot;langoff&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM50thReport.pdf |title=Report of the Commissioner for linguistic minorities: 50th report (July 2012 to June 2013) |pages= 35 |publisher=Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities, Ministry of Minority Affairs, Government of India |access-date=28 August 2021 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160708012438/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM50thReport.pdf |archive-date= 8 July 2016 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> {{ Pie chart<br /> |caption = Languages of Silli block (2011)&lt;ref name=&quot;language&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/10207/download/13319/DDW-C16-STMT-MDDS-2000.XLSX|title=Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: Jharkhand|website=censusindia.gov.in|publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |label1 = [[Kurmali language|Panchpargania]] |value1 = 78.93 |color1 = indianred<br /> |label2 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]] |value2 = 10.16 |color2 = orchid<br /> |label3 = [[Hindi]] |value3 = 7.24 |color3 = orange<br /> |label4 = [[Mundari language|Mundari]] |value4 = 1.05 |color4 = teal<br /> |label5 = Others |value5 = 2.62 |color5 = grey<br /> }}<br /> <br /> ==Rural poverty==<br /> 60-70% of the population of Ranchi district were in the [[Below Poverty Line|BPL]] category in 2004–2005.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/45258/1/MPRA_paper_45258.pdf | title = Rural Poverty in Jharkhand, India| work = Table I: Spatial Distribution of Poverty in Jharkhand | publisher = Munich Personal RePEc Archive | access-date = 1 September 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; In 2011-12, the proportion of BPL population in Ranchi district came down to 27.82%.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news | url = https://www.livemint.com/Specials/bqVly6xj4usB3DiTibS3DK/Spatial-poverty-in-Jharkhand.html | title = Spatial poverty in Jharkhand | newspaper = Mint | date = 6 October 2014 | access-date = 1 September 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; According to a study in 2013 (modified in 2019), &quot;the incidence of poverty in Jharkhand is estimated at 46%, but 60% of the scheduled castes and scheduled tribes are still below poverty line.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/45258/#:~:text=The%20incidence%20of%20poverty%20in%20Jharkhand%20is%20estimated,are%20main%20causes%20for%20poverty%20in%20Jharkhand%20state. | title = Rural Poverty in Jharkhand, India: An Empirical Study based on Panel Data | date = 23 August 2012 | publisher = MPRA | access-date = 1 September 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Economy==<br /> ===Livelihood===<br /> {{Pie chart<br /> |caption= '''Livelihood&lt;br/&gt;in Silli CD block'''<br /> |value1 = 38.78<br /> |label1 = Cultivators<br /> |value2 = 36.29<br /> |label2 = Agricultural labourers<br /> |value3 = 3.79<br /> |label3 = Household industries<br /> |value4 = 21.14<br /> |label4 = Other Workers}}<br /> <br /> In Silli CD block in 2011, amongst the class of total workers, cultivators numbered 21,059 and formed 38.78%, agricultural labourers numbered 19,705 and formed 36.29%, household industry workers numbered 2,059 and formed 3.79% and other workers numbered 11,480 and formed 21.14%. Total workers numbered 54,303 and formed 47.72% of the total population, and non-workers numbered 59,495 and formed 52.28% of the population.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2019_PART_A_DCHB_RANCHI.pdf | title = District Census Handbook 2011 Ranchi, Series 21, Part XII A| work = Tables 30 and 33, pages 67 and 71 | publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, Jharkhand | access-date = 1 September 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Infrastructure===<br /> There are 94 inhabited villages in Silli CD block. In 2011, 5 villages had power supply. 14 villages had tap water (treated/ untreated), 62 villages had well water (covered/ uncovered), 61 villages had hand pumps, and 12 villages did not have drinking water facility. 15 villages had post offices, 9 villages had sub post offices, 6 villages had telephones (land lines), 46 villages had mobile phone coverage. 80 villages had pucca (paved) village roads, 25 villages had bus service (public/ private), 17 villages had [[Auto rickshaw|autos]]/ modified autos, 11 villages had taxi/vans, 29 villages had tractors. 5 villages had bank branches, 8 villages had agricultural credit societies, 1 village had [[public distribution system]], 86 villages had [[Vidhan Sabha|assembly]] [[Polling place|polling stations]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2019_PART_A_DCHB_RANCHI.pdf | title = District Census Handbook, Ranchi, 2011, Series 21, Part XII A | work = Pages 595-598, Appendix I: Village Directory | publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, Jharkhand. | access-date = 2 September 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Agriculture===<br /> In Ranchi district, 23% of the total area is covered with forests. “With the gradual deforestation of the district, more and more land is being brought under cultivation.” Terraced low lands are called ''don'' and the uplands are called ''tanr''. The hill streams remain almost dry, except in the rainy season, and does not offer much scope for irrigation.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2019_PART_A_DCHB_RANCHI.pdf | title = District Census Handbook, Ranchi, 2011, Series 21, Part XII A | work = Page 11:Forestry and Flora and Fauna, Page12: Soil and Cropping, Land and Land use pattern, tenancy and agriculture, Page 13: Irrigation | publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, Jharkhand. | access-date = 2 September 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In Silli CD block, 24.34% of the total area was cultivable, in 2011. Out of this, 4.81% was irrigated land.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2019_PART_A_DCHB_RANCHI.pdf | title = District Census Handbook, Ranchi, 2011, Series 21, Part XII A | work = Page 84, Table 41: Distribution of villages according to land use | publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, Jharkhand. | access-date = 2 September 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Industry===<br /> India’s first [[List of alumina refineries|alumina refinery]] was commissioned, at [[Muri, Ranchi|Muri]], by the erstwhile Indian Aluminium Company in 1948. It was taken over by the [[Hindalco Industries]] of the [[Aditya Birla Group]] in 2005.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = http://www.hindalco.com/operations/alumina-refining/muri | title = Muri | publisher = Hindalco | access-date = 13 September 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Backward Regions Grant Fund===<br /> Ranchi district is listed as a backward region and receives financial support from the [[Backward Regions Grant Fund]]. The fund, created by the Government of India, is designed to redress regional imbalances in development. As of 2012, 272 districts across the country were listed under this scheme. The list includes 21 districts of Jharkhand.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = http://www.panchayat.gov.in/documents/10198/0/BRGFFINALGUIDELINES.pdf | title = Backward Regions Grant Funds: Programme Guidelines | publisher = Ministry of Panchayati Raj, Government of India | access-date = 3 September 2021 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20171030225317/http://www.panchayat.gov.in/documents/10198/0/BRGFFINALGUIDELINES.pdf | archive-date = 30 October 2017 | url-status = dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url = http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=84879 | title= Backward Regions Grant Fund| work= Press Release, 14 June 2012 |publisher= Press Information Bureau, Government of India | access-date = 3 September 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Transport==<br /> [[Muri Junction railway station]] is on the [[Barkakana-Muri-Chandil line]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = https://indiarailinfo.com/train/timetable/tatanagar-barkakana-passenger-58023/6494/168/1219 | title = 58023 Tatanagar-Barkakana Passenger | work = Time Table | publisher = IndiaRailInfo | access-date = 13 September 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> There are stations at [[Muri, Ranchi|Muri]] and [[Silli]] on the [[Netaji S.C.Bose Gomoh–Hatia line]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = https://indiarailinfo.com/train/timetable/ranchi-dhanbad-passenger-53336/8165/383/378 | title= 5336 Ranchi-Dhanbad Passenger| work = Time Table | publisher = Indiarailinfo | access-date = 11 September 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> [[State Highway 1 (Jharkhand)|State Highway 1]] (Ranchi-Silli-Muri Road), an important roadway in Ranchi district, passes through Muri.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url =https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2019_PART_A_DCHB_RANCHI.pdf | title = District Census Handbook Ranchi, Census of India 2011, Series 21, Part XII A | work= Page 15 Transport| publisher = Directorate of census Operations, Jharkhand |access-date = 13 September 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Google maps&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Education==<br /> Silli CD block had 13 villages with pre-primary schools, 80 villages with primary schools, 37 villages with middle schools, 11 villages with secondary schools, 6 villages with senior secondary schools, 1 village has general degree college, 1 village with polytechnic, 1 village with special school for disabled, 13 villages with no educational facility.&lt;ref name=directory&gt;{{cite web| url =https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2019_PART_A_DCHB_RANCHI.pdf | title= District Census Handbook Ranchi, 2011, Series 21, Part XII A | work= Pages 595-596 |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, Jharkhand| access-date = 3 September 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> &lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;.*Senior secondary schools are also known as Inter colleges in Jharkhand&lt;/small&gt;<br /> <br /> Silli College, established in 1980 at [[Silli]], is affiliated with [[Ranchi University]] and offers courses in arts, science and commerce.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = https://sillicollegesilli.org/ | title = Silli College, Silli | publisher = SC | access-date = 9 September 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = https://www.targetadmission.com/colleges/33272-silli-college-silli | title = Silli College, Silli, Ranchi | publisher = TargetAdmission | access-date = 9 September 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = https://www.ranchiuniversity.ac.in/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=123&amp;Itemid=307 | title = Affiliated Colleges | publisher = Ranchi University | access-date = 9 September 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Healthcare==<br /> Silli CD block had 3 villages with [[Primary Health Centre (India)|primary health centres]], 17 villages with primary health subcentres, 4 villages with maternity and child welfare centres, 5 villages with allopathic hospitals, 4 villages with dispensaries, 2 villages with family welfare centres, 3 villages with medicine shops.&lt;ref name=directory/&gt;<br /> &lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;.*Private medical practitioners, alternative medicine etc. not included&lt;/small&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Sports==<br /> [[Silli Stadium]] at [[Silli]] with a capacity of 20,000 is used mainly for football.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = http://www.worldstadiums.com/asia/countries/india.shtml | title = Stadiums in India | publisher = World Stadiums.com | access-date = 13 September 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; It has synthetic turf which was laid by the organisation who had laid the synthetic turf for the [[Salt Lake Stadium]] at Kolkata.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = https://www.greatsportstech.com/sports/building-international-football-grounds | title = Football | work = Innovative products – synthetic turf | publisher = Great Spots Tech | access-date = 13 September 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{Blocks of Ranchi district}}<br /> {{South Chotanagpur Division topics}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Community development blocks in Ranchi district]]</div>

Evan692365 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Usman_Ghani_Qasmi&diff=542874 2025-11-27T18:59:48Z

<p>Evan692365: created</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian Islamic scholar (1922–2011)}}<br /> {{Infobox officeholder<br /> | name = Muhammad Usman Ghani Qasmi<br /> | image =<br /> | caption = <br /> | honorific_prefix = Allama, [[Mawlana]]<br /> | office1 = Sheikh al-Hadith of [[Mazahir Uloom|Mazahir Uloom (Waqf)]], Saharanpur<br /> | term_start1 = 1989<br /> | term_end1 = 2011<br /> | predecessor1 =<br /> | module = {{Infobox religious biography<br /> | embed = yes<br /> | religion = Islam<br /> | denomination = [[Sunni Islam|Sunni]]<br /> | school_tradition = [[Deobandi]]<br /> | birth_date = 1922<br /> | birth_name = Muhammad Usman Ghani<br /> | birth_place = Chilmil, [[Munger district]], [[Bihar and Orissa Province]], British India (now in [[Begusarai district]], Bihar, India)<br /> | death_date = {{Death date and age|2011|1|13|1922|df=y}}<br /> | death_place = Saharanpur, India<br /> | alma_mater = [[Darul Uloom Deoband]]<br /> | teachers = [[Hussain Ahmed Madani]], [[Ibrahim Balyawi]], [[Izaz Ali Amrohi]], [[Fakhrul Hasan Moradabadi]]<br /> | occupation = Islamic scholar, teacher, author<br /> | notable_works = ''Nasr al-Bari''<br /> }}<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Muhammad Usman Ghani Qasmi''' (1922–2011) was an Indian [[Islamic scholar]] of the [[Deobandi]] tradition, a teacher, and an author. Born in Chilmil, Begusarai, he completed advanced studies at [[Darul Uloom Deoband]] and served at several seminaries in India, including a long tenure at ''[[Mazahir Uloom|Mazahir Uloom (Waqf)]]'', Saharanpur, from 1989 until his death. He also founded ''Madrasa Husayniyah'' in Chilmil, Begusarai.<br /> <br /> == Early life and education ==<br /> Muhammad Usman Ghani Qasmi was born in 1922 (1341 AH) in Chilmil, which was then part of [[Munger district]] in the [[Bihar and Orissa Province]] of British India. The area now falls within [[Begusarai district]], Bihar, India.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Dawoodi |first=Safwan Adnan |title=Muʿjam al-Shuyūkh |publisher=Dār al-Nawādir |year=2024 |isbn=9789933547288 |edition=3rd |location=[[Beirut, Lebanon]] |language=ar |trans-title=Biographical Dictionary of Scholars |oclc=1078663050 |page=586}}&lt;/ref&gt; He received his early education in local madrasas in Begusarai and later moved to Bangladesh, where he studied at ''Madrasa Ashraf al-Ulum'', [[Bara Katra]], Dhaka.&lt;ref name=&quot;Subhani&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last1=Subhani Mazahiri |first1=Muhammad Kausar Ali |title=Al-Jauhar Al-Mufid Fi Tahqiq Al-Asanid |trans-title=The Useful Jewel in Verification of Chains of Transmission |url=https://archive.org/details/al-jauhar-al-mufeed-fi-tahqiq-al-asanid |publisher=Jamia Al-Falah Darul Uloom Al-Islamiya |location=Forbesganj, Araria, Bihar |date=December 2021 |language=ur |page=479}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Upon returning to India, he continued his studies at ''Madrasa Mu‘iniyah'', Sanha, Begusarai, and then at ''Darul Uloom Imdadiyah'', [[Darbhanga]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Usmani |first=Luqman |url=http://archive.org/details/allamah-uthman-ghani-ba-haythiyat-e-bani-e-madrasah-husainiyyah-chilmil |title=Allamah Usman Ghani ba-haythiyat-e Bani-e Madrasah Husainiyyah, Chilmil |date= |publisher=Maktaba Usmania |year=2024 |edition=First |location=Chilmil, [[Begusarai]] |language=ur |page=30}}&lt;/ref&gt; In 1946, he enrolled in [[Darul Uloom Deoband]] for higher studies and graduated in 1950 (1369 AH).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Mazahiri |first=Nasiruddin |url=http://archive.org/details/tazkira-hazrat-allama-muhammad-usman-gani-by-mufti-nasiruddin-mazahiri |title=Tazkira Hazrat Allama Muhammad Usman Ghani |date=June 2011 |publisher=Jamia Usmania |edition=First |location=Chilmil, Begusarai |language=ur |page=33}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{Sfn|Subhani Mazahiri|2021|p=479}} His teachers at Deoband included [[Hussain Ahmed Madani]], [[Ibrahim Balyawi]], [[Izaz Ali Amrohi]], and [[Fakhrul Hasan Moradabadi]].{{Sfn|Subhani Mazahiri|2021|p=479}}<br /> <br /> == Career ==<br /> After graduation, Qasmi began teaching in Bangladesh and also assisted his father in trade while engaging in reform work in his locality.&lt;ref name=&quot;Luqman&quot; /&gt; In 1955, he was appointed at ''Madrasa Rashidul Uloom'', [[Chatra, Jharkhand|Chatra]], Jharkhand, where he taught ''[[Sahih Muslim]]'' and ''[[Jami' al-Tirmidhi|Jami‘ al-Tirmidhi]]''. He later taught at ''Madrasa Husayniyah'', [[Giridih]], and ''Madrasa Husayniyah'', Dighi, [[Bhagalpur]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Qasmi |first=Usman Ghani |url=https://archive.org/details/amj-islamic-media-nasrul-bari-urdu-sharah-bukhari-01-/page/n4/mode/1up |title=Nasr al-Bari |publisher=Maktaba al-Shaykh |volume=1 |location=[[Karachi]] |pages=5–6 |language=ur |chapter=Sukhanhā-e Guftanī |trans-chapter=Prefatory Remarks |isbn=978-8195733972}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{Sfn|Subhani Mazahiri|2021|p=480}}<br /> <br /> In December 1962, he founded ''Madrasa Husayniyah'' in his hometown Chilmil, Begusarai, naming it after his teacher Madani. Construction began in 1972, and he also briefly taught there.{{Sfn|Usmani|2024|pp=24, 26–27}} From 1963 to 1975, he taught at ''Madrasa ‘Aliyah [[Furfura Sharif]]'', Hugli, where he lectured on ''[[Sahih al-Bukhari]]'' and ''[[Al-Kashshaaf|Tafsir al-Kashshaf]]''.{{Sfn|Subhani Mazahiri|2021|p=480}}<br /> <br /> In 1983, he joined ''Darul Uloom'' of ''[[Tarapur, Gujarat|Tarapur]]'', Gujarat, where he taught ''Sahih al-Bukhari'' and ''Jami‘ al-Tirmidhi''.{{Sfn|Subhani Mazahiri|2021|p=480}}&lt;ref name=&quot;Luqman&quot; /&gt; After the institutional division of ''[[Mazahir Uloom]]'' in Saharanpur, Qasmi accepted an invitation from Muzaffar Husain Ajrarwi to join ''Mazahir Uloom (Waqf)'' in Shawwal 1409 AH (May 1989). He initially taught the second volume of ''Sahih al-Bukhari'', and later also taught the first volume of ''Sahih al-Bukhari'', the complete ''Sahih Muslim'', and ''[[Sharh Ma'ani al-Athar|Sharh Ma‘ani al-Athar]]''. He continued teaching at the institution for about twenty-two years until his death.{{Sfn|Subhani Mazahiri|2021|p=480}}&lt;ref name=&quot;Luqman&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> === Spiritual life ===<br /> Qasmi first pledged spiritual allegiance (''[[Bay'ah|bay‘ah]]'') to his teacher [[Hussain Ahmad Madani|Hussain Ahmed Madani]], and later to Muzaffar Husain Ajrarwi, from whom he received ''ijazah'' in 1406 AH (April 1986).{{Sfn|Mazahiri|2011|p=85}}&lt;ref name=&quot;Luqman&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> == Literary works ==<br /> Qasmi authored ''Nasr al-Bari'', a 13-volume Urdu commentary on ''[[Sahih al-Bukhari]]'',{{Sfn|Subhani Mazahiri|2021|p=481}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Saifee |first=Aziz-ur-Rehman |last2=Channar |first2=Mahmoodul Hasan |last3=Bano |first3=Bakhtiyar |year=2018 |title=جهود الحنفية حول الجامع الصحيح للإمام البخاري تصنيفاً وتأليفا |trans-title=Academic Contributions of Ahnaf on Saheeh of Imam Bukhari |url=https://habibiaislamicus.com/index.php/hirj/article/view/18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230912051011/http://habibiaislamicus.com/index.php/hirj/article/view/18 |url-status=usurped |archive-date=September 12, 2023 |journal=Bi-annual Habibia Islamicus |language=ar |location=[[Karachi]] |publisher=Habiba Research Academy |volume=2 |issue=1 |page=69}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Qasmi&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |last=Qasmi |first=Mohammad Najeeb |author-link=Mohammad Najeeb Qasmi |date=March 2017 |editor-last=Bijnori |editor-first=Muhammad Salman |editor-link=Salman Bijnori |title=Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī aur ʿUlamā’-e Deoband kī ʿAẓīm Khidmāt |trans-title=Sahih al-Bukhari and the Great Scholarly Contributions of the Deobandi Ulama |url=https://darululoom-deoband.com/urduarticles/archives/2549 |journal=[[Monthly Darul Uloom]] |language=ur |publisher=[[Darul Uloom Deoband]] |volume=101 |issue=3|page=16}}&lt;/ref&gt; regarded as the first complete Urdu ''[[Exegesis|Sharh]]'' of the book before ''Tuhfat al-Qari'' by [[Saeed Ahmad Palanpuri]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:Kaleem&quot;&gt;{{Cite thesis |last=Kaleem |first=Mohd |title=ʿIlm al-Ḥadīth mein Fuḍalā’-e Dār al-ʿUlūm Deoband kī Khidmāt|trans-title=Contribution of Old boys of Darul uloom Deoband in Hadith Literature |publisher=Department of Sunni Theology, [[Aligarh Muslim University]] |year=2017 |location=India |language=ur |hdl=10603/364028 |type=PhD |url=https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/364028 |access-date=18 October 2025 |archive-date=18 October 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251018122843/https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/364028 |chapter=Bāb-e-Panjum: Fuḍalā’-e Dār al-ʿUlūm Deoband kī Sharūḥāt-i Kutub-i Ḥadīth |trans-chapter=Chapter Five: Commentaries on Hadith Books by the Graduates of Darul Uloom Deoband |url-status=live |pages=349–350}}&lt;/ref&gt; The first edition was published by ''Dar al-Ta’lif'', Chilmil, followed by later editions from ''Zakariya Book Depot'', Deoband.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Qasmi |first=Khalid Hussain |author-link=Khalid Hussain Qasmi |date=2024-01-14 |title=Shāriḥ-e-Bukhārī Shaykh al-Ḥadīth ʿAllāmah ʿUthmān Ghanī (raḥimahullāh): Shakhsiyyat wa Khidmāt kā aik Jā’iza |trans-title= |url=https://sailerawan.com/elementor-10175/ |access-date=2025-10-23 |website=Saile Rawan |language=ur}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Among his other writings are:{{Sfn|Subhani Mazahiri|2021|pp=480–481}}&lt;ref name=&quot;Mukarram&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Qasmi |first=Mukarram al-Hussaini |title=Sawāniḥ wa Tārīkh Fuḍalā’-e Dār al-ʿUlūm Deoband (Zila Begusarai) |publisher=Muslim Fund Trust |year=2024 |edition=First |location=[[Begusarai]] |pages=32–33 |language=ur |trans-title=Biographies and History of the Graduates of Darul Uloom Deoband (Begusarai District)}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Luqman&quot; /&gt;{{Sfn|Mazahiri|2011|pp=105–115}}<br /> * ''Nasr al-Hayat'' (commentary on ''[[Mishkat al-Masabih]]'') <br /> * ''Dirayat al-Adab'' (on ''Hidayat al-Adab'') <br /> * ''Mir’at'' (on ''Mirqāt'', logic) <br /> * ''Faiz al-Imamain'' (6-volume commentary on ''[[Tafsir al-Jalalayn]]'') <br /> * ''Sharh Sharh ‘Aqa’id Nasafi'' (commentary on ''[[Sharh al-'Aqa'id al-Nasafiyya]]'')<br /> * ''Tafhīmat'' (commentary on ''[[Maqamat al-Hariri]]'') <br /> * ''A’inah-yi Huquq''<br /> * ''Hayat-i Shaykh al-Islam''<br /> * ''Guldasta-yi Zawjayn''<br /> * ''Awdah al-Adab''<br /> <br /> He also wrote explanatory notes on major hadith and tafsir texts, including ''Nasr al-Mun‘im'' (on ''[[Sahih Muslim]]''), ''al-Taqrir al-Kafi'' (on ''[[Tafsir al-Baydawi]]''), ''Nasr al-Ma‘bud'' (on ''[[Sunan Abi Dawud]]''), and ''Tuhfat al-Bihari'' (on ''Sahih al-Bukhari'').{{Sfn|Subhani Mazahiri|2021|p=481}}&lt;ref name=&quot;Mukarram&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Luqman&quot; /&gt;{{Sfn|Mazahiri|2011|pp=105–115}}<br /> <br /> He maintained a large register of about four hundred pages in which he systematically compiled examination questions on various ''[[Dars-i Nizami|Dars-e-Nizami]]'' texts for use in the semiannual and annual examinations of Islamic seminaries. The register included questions from works such as ''Sahih al-Bukhari'', ''Sahih Muslim'', ''[[Jami' al-Tirmidhi|Jami‘ al-Tirmidhi]]'', ''Sunan Abi Dawud'', ''[[Shama'il al-Muhammadiyya|Shama’il]]'', ''[[Sunan al-Nasa'i|Sunan al-Nasa’i]]'', ''[[Ibn Majah]]'', ''Muwatta Imam Muhammad'', ''[[Muwatta Imam Malik]]'', ''[[al-Hidayah]]'', ''Bidayat al-Mubtadi'', ''[[Al-Durr al-Mukhtar|ad-Durr al-Mukhtar]]'', ''Tafsir al-Baydawi'', ''[[Al-Kashshaaf|Tafsir al-Kashshaf]]'', and many other standard texts of the curriculum.{{Sfn|Mazahiri|2011|pp=114–115}}<br /> <br /> === Academic studies ===<br /> In 2017, Fāiza Bashīr submitted an [[M.Phil]] thesis titled ''Nasr al-Bari Urdu Sharh Sahih al-Bukhari (Allama Uthman Ghani as a Scholar): An Analytical Study'' at the Sheikh Zayed Islamic Centre, [[University of the Punjab]], Lahore. The study focuses on the methodology, structure, and scholarly value of ''Nasr al-Bari'', while also providing an introductory overview of Qasmi’s life and academic contributions in its opening chapters.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite thesis |type=M.Phil thesis |title=نصر الباری اردو شرح صحیح البخاری (علامہ عثمان غنی): ایک تحقیقی جائزہ |trans-title=Nasr al-Bari Urdu Sharh Sahih al-Bukhari (Allama Usman Ghani as a Scholar): An Analytical Study |last=Bashīr|first=Fāiza |publisher=Sheikh Zayed Islamic Centre, [[University of the Punjab]] |location=Lahore |language=ur |year=2017 |url=https://thesis.asianindexing.com/thesis.php?ari_id=1676730604375 |access-date=23 October 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Personal life ==<br /> Qasmi was married twice. His first wife died in 1955; they had three daughters, all of whom passed away during his lifetime. After her death, he married again and had three daughters and one son, Muhammad Imran Qasmi, who is still living. His second wife died two years before him, on 5 Ramadan 1430 AH (27 August 2009).{{Sfn|Mazahiri|2011|pp=116–117}}<br /> <br /> == Death ==<br /> Qasmi died on 13 January 2011 (8 Safar 1432 AH). His funeral prayer was led by his son, Muhammad Imran Usmani, at the courtyard of ''Mazahir Uloom (Waqf)'', Saharanpur, and he was buried in the ''Haji Shah Kamaluddin'' graveyard beside his Sheikh Muzaffar Husain Ajrarwi.{{Sfn|Mazahiri|2011|p=98}}&lt;ref name=:&quot;Ba'th&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |editor1-last=Azmi|editor1-first=Saeed-ur-Rahman|editor2-last=Nadwi|editor2-first=Wazah Rashid Hasani|editor1-link=Saeed-ur-Rahman Azmi Nadvi|editor2-link=Wazeh Rashid Hasani Nadwi|title=إلى رحمة الله: فضيلة الشيخ عثمان غني شيخ الحديث بمدرسة مظاهر علوم (الوقف)|trans-title=Obituary: Shaykh al-Hadith Uthman Ghani of Mazahir Uloom (al-Waqf) Passed to the Mercy of Allah |url=https://albasulislami.com/books/March-2011.pdf |journal=[[Al-Baas El-Islami]]|date=March 2011| volume=56 |issue=7 |publisher=[[Darul Uloom Nadwatul Ulama]]|location=Lucknow|pages=98–99|language=ar}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Luqman&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Usmani |first=Luqman |date=2018-06-14 |title=ʿAllāmah ʿUthmān Ghanī (raḥimahullāh): Ek Gohar-e-Yaktā, Ek Durr-e-Farīd |url=https://mazameen.com/%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%81-%D8%B9%D8%AB%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%BA%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%92-%D8%A7%DA%A9-%DA%AF%D9%88%DB%81%D8%B1-%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%A7-%D8%A7%DA%A9-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D9%81%D8%B1%DB%8C/ |access-date=2025-10-23 |website=mazameen.com |language=ur}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=12 August 2013 |title=Obituaries |url=https://www.milligazette.com/news/1-community-news/9001-obituaries/ |access-date=2025-10-23 |website=[[The Milli Gazette]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> [[File:The Inscription on the grave of Maulana Muhammad Usman Ghani Qasmi.jpg|thumb|Inscription on Usman Ghani Qasmi's grave]]<br /> <br /> == See also ==<br /> * [[Darul Uloom Deoband]]<br /> * [[Mazahir Uloom, Saharanpur]]<br /> * [[List of Deobandis]]<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Qasmi, Muhammad Usman Ghani}}<br /> [[Category:Indian Sunni Muslim scholars of Islam]]<br /> [[Category:Deobandis]]<br /> [[Category:Darul Uloom Deoband alumni]]<br /> [[Category:People from Begusarai district]]<br /> [[Category:1922 births]]<br /> [[Category:2011 deaths]]<br /> [[Category:Hadith scholars]]</div>

Evan692365 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sangai_Festival&diff=532563 2025-11-26T04:56:03Z

<p>Evan692365: stub</p> <hr /> <div>{{short description|Annual Cultural Festival of Manipur, India}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=December 2018}}<br /> [[File:Sangai Deer Replica in Manipur.jpg|thumb|[[Sangai]] Deer Replica at Sangai Festival Manipur]]<br /> [[File:The President, Shri Ram Nath Kovind at the inaugural event of ‘Manipur Sangai Festival 2017’ at Hapta Kangjeibung, at Imphal, in Manipur.jpg|thumb|[[Ram Nath Kovind]] at the inaugural event of ‘Manipur Sangai Festival 2017’ ]]<br /> [[File:The Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi addressing at the closing function of Manipur Sangai Festival-2014, in Imphal on November 30, 2014.jpg|thumb|[[Narendra Modi]] giving an address at the closing function of the Sangai Festival, 2014]]<br /> '''Sangai Festival''' ({{langx|mni|Sangai Kumhei}}) is an annual [[cultural]] festival organised by [[Manipur]] Tourism Department every year from 21 to 30 November.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Manipur Sangai Festival Concludes|url=http://www.northeasttoday.in/our-states/manipur/manipur-sangai-festival-concludes/|accessdate=25 December 2012|newspaper=Northeast Today|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130218105246/http://www.northeasttoday.in/our-states/manipur/manipur-sangai-festival-concludes/|archivedate=18 February 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; Even though many editions of this Festival has been celebrated over the past few years with the name of ''Tourism Festival'', since 2010 this has been renamed as the ''Sangai Festival'' to stage the uniqueness of the shy and gentle brow-antlered deer popularly known as the [[Sangai]], a regional name given to this rare species of deer. It is the state animal of [[Manipur]]. As this festival is being celebrated to promote Manipur as a world class tourism destination, it showcases the states contributions to art and culture, [[handloom]], [[handicraft]]s, fine arts, indigenous sports, [[cuisine]], music and adventure sports, as well as the natural environment.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Why Manipur Sangai Festival|url=http://sangaifestival.gov.in/portal/page.aspx?ref=why_sangai_festival|publisher=Sangai festival - Department of Tourism|accessdate=25 December 2012|archive-date=20 November 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121120043509/http://www.sangaifestival.gov.in/portal/page.aspx?ref=why_sangai_festival|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; it is celebrated in different parts mainly in the valley areas of imphal.Now expanded to hills district of Manipur, Senapati and Tamelong district.Many tourists come from all over the world and represent their craft making. Many people have also started to talk about the way Sangai festival is celebrated. They say that it should be celebrated only in one place with a proper arrangement and with big budget so that this festival grows more bigger and unique and spread all over the world.<br /> <br /> == Annual events ==<br /> * Manipur Tourism Festival 2010 (later renamed as &quot;Sangai Festival&quot; next year)<br /> * [[Sangai Festival 2011]]<br /> * [[Sangai Festival 2012]]<br /> * [[Sangai Festival 2013]]<br /> * [[Sangai Festival 2014]]<br /> * [[Sangai Festival 2015]]<br /> * [[Sangai Festival 2016]]<br /> * [[Sangai Festival 2017]]<br /> * [[Sangai Festival 2018]]<br /> * [[Sangai Festival 2019]]<br /> * not organised in 2020 &amp; 2021 due to [[COVID-19]]<br /> * [[Sangai Festival 2022]]<br /> == Festival locations ==<br /> Since 2017 onwards Sangai Festival events have been held at several different places:<br /> * [[Mao]]<br /> * [[Ukhrul]]<br /> * Lamboikhongnangkhong, [[Uripok]]<br /> * [[Keibul Lamjao National Park|Keibul Lamjao]]<br /> * [[Khuman Lampak Main Stadium|Khuman Lampak]]<br /> * [[Hapta Kangjeibung]].<br /> <br /> === Hapta Kangjeibung and Bhagyachandra Open Air Theatre (BOAT) ===<br /> <br /> * Main venue of the 10 day long extravaganza.<br /> * Cultural Programmes are presented at (BOAT).<br /> * Food Court<br /> * Heritage Park<br /> * Closing ceremony<br /> <br /> === Loktak Lake ===<br /> [[File:The Loktak Lake.jpg|alt=Loktak Lake|thumb|Loktak lake]]<br /> The principal attraction of the state is the [[Loktak Lake]] in Bishnupur District which is 48&amp;nbsp;km from Imphal City and it is the largest fresh water lake in the North–East India. It is a stretch of water resembling a miniature inland sea. Visitors can catch a bird's eye view of the lake from Sendra. Fishermen living in floating islands called Phumdis in floating huts known as Phumsangs are sights of this lake. The Sendra Tourist Home with an attached cafeteria is a tourist spot. Boating and other water sports are organised here at Takmu Water Sports Complex.<br /> <br /> === Keibul Lamjao National Park ===<br /> [[File:Sangai at the Keibullamjao National Park, Manipur.jpg|thumb|Sangai at the park]]<br /> The only floating National Park in the world,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.thenortheastindia.com/sangai-festival-an-effort-to-save-the-sangai-deer/|title=Sangai Festival, An effort to save the Sangai Deer|date=2019-11-13|website=The North East India|language=en-US|access-date=2019-11-19}}&lt;/ref&gt; the [[Keibul Lamjao National Park]] located on the Loktak Lake is the last natural habitat of the &quot;Sangai&quot; (''Rucervus'' ''eldii'' ''eldii''), the dancing deer of Manipur. Other wildlife to be seen include: hog deer, otter, water fowl and migratory birds, the latter usually sighted during November to March. The Forest Department of Manipur maintains watch towers and two rest houses within the park.<br /> <br /> ''[[The Return of Sangai]]'', the documentary on [[Sangai]], endemic to [[Keibul Lamjao National Park]] was released by the forest department of Manipur during the Sangai Festival 2017.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news | url=http://www.thesangaiexpress.com/forest-dept-makes-first-documentary-sangai/ | title=Forest Dept makes first documentary on Sangai | date=1 May 2018 | work=The Sangai Express | accessdate=7 December 2018 | archive-date=7 May 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180507042209/http://www.thesangaiexpress.com/forest-dept-makes-first-documentary-sangai/ | url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == INA Martyrs' Memorial ==<br /> {{main|INA Martyrs' Memorial}}<br /> This town in Bishnupur District of Moirang has a place in the history of India's Freedom Struggle. It was at Moirang that the flag of the [[Indian National Army]] was first unfurled on 14 April 1944. The INA Museum which has a collection of letters, photographs, badges of ranks and other war memorabilia reminds the visitors of the sacrifices made by the INA soldiers under the leadership of Netaji [[Subhas Chandra Bose]].{{citation needed|date=December 2018}}<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> {{Notelist}}<br /> <br /> {{Sangai Festival}}<br /> {{Authority control}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Cultural festivals in India]]<br /> [[Category:Entertainment events in India]]<br /> [[Category:Festivals in Manipur]]<br /> [[Category:Meitei folklore in popular culture]]<br /> [[Category:Sangai Festival]]</div>

Evan692365 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jiga_Susaran_Horo&diff=465229 2025-11-23T18:57:25Z

<p>Evan692365: expanded content</p> <hr /> <div>{{short description|Indian politician}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}<br /> {{Infobox officeholder <br /> | name = Jiga Susaran Horo<br /> | party = [[Jharkhand Mukti Morcha]]<br /> | office = Member of the [[Jharkhand Legislative Assembly]]<br /> | termstart = 2019<br /> | predecessor = [[Dinesh Oraon]]<br /> | constituency = [[Sisai Assembly constituency|Sisai]]<br /> |}}<br /> '''Jiga Susaran Horo''' is an Indian politician and an Member of [[Jharkhand Legislative Assembly]] from [[Sisai Assembly constituency|Sisai]] of [[Jharkhand]] as a member of [[Jharkhand Mukti Morcha]] 2019.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Jiga Susaran Horo(JMM):Constituency- SISAI (ST)(GUMLA ) - Affidavit Information of Candidate |url=http://myneta.info/jharkhand2019/candidate.php?candidate_id=11349 |website=myneta.info}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Jiga Susaran Horo Election Results 2019: News, Votes, Results of Jharkhand Assembly |url=https://www.ndtv.com/elections/jharkhand-assembly-election-candidates-list-2019/jiga-susaran-horo-51067-1 |work=NDTV.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news | title=Sisai election result: JMM's Jiga Susaran Horo wins |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/jharkhand-assembly-election/story/sisai-jharkhand-assembly-election-result-live-updates-1630704-2019-12-23 |work=India Today |language=en | date=24 December 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{Authority control}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Horo, Jiga Susaran}}<br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:Jharkhand Mukti Morcha politicians]]<br /> [[Category:People from Gumla district]]<br /> [[Category:Place of birth missing (living people)]]<br /> [[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]<br /> [[Category:Jharkhand MLAs 2019–2024]]<br /> [[Category:Jharkhand MLAs 2024–2029]]<br /> <br /> {{Jharkhand-politician-stub}}</div>

Evan692365 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Indore_Municipal_Corporation&diff=453489 2025-11-17T08:51:30Z

<p>Evan692365: small changes</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Governing body of the Indian city of Indore}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=May 2017}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=May 2017}}<br /> {{Infobox legislature<br /> | name = Indore Municipal Corporation<br /> | native_name = ''Indaur Mahaanagar Paalika Nigam''<br /> | transcription_name = <br /> | legislature = <br /> | coa_pic = Emblem_of_IMC_Indore.jpg<br /> | coa_alt = Seal of the IMC Indore <br /> | coa_caption = [[Emblem]] of the Indore Municipal Corporation<br /> | coa-pic = <br /> | coa-res = <br /> | house_type = Municipal corporation<br /> | foundation = {{start date and age|1870}}<br /> | body = <br /> | houses = <br /> | leader1_type = [[Mayor]]<br /> | leader1 = [[Pushyamitra Bhargav]]<br /> | party1 = [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/bhopal-news/madhya-pradesh-municipal-election-result-2022-winners-list-indore-bhopal-jabalpur-satna-chhindwara-singrauli-gwalior-101658059075902.html|title=Madhya Pradesh municipal election result 2022: Check winners' list here|work=Hindustan Times|date=17 July 2022 |accessdate=17 July 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | election1 = <br /> | leader2_type = [[Municipal commissioner]]<br /> | leader2 = Harshika Singh, IAS<br /> | party2 = <br /> | election2 = <br /> | leader3_type = <br /> | leader3 = <br /> | party3 = <br /> | election3 = <br /> | structure1 = File:Indore Municipal Corporation 2022.svg<br /> | structure1_res = 300px<br /> | seats = 85<br /> | political_groups1 = <br /> '''Government (64)'''<br /> *{{Color box|{{Party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}}} [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] (64)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://imcindore.mp.gov.in/?page_id=2795|title=Indore: Ward-wise complete list of winners|work=Indore Municipal Corporation|accessdate=4 August 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> '''Opposition (19)'''<br /> *{{Color box|{{Party color|Indian National Congress}}}} [[Indian National Congress|INC]] (19)<br /> '''Others (2)'''<br /> *{{Color box|{{Party color|Independent}}}} [[Independent politician|IND]] (2)<br /> | voting_system1 = <br /> | voting_system2 = <br /> | last_election1 = [[2022 Indore mayoral election|6 July 2022]]<br /> | next_election1 = 2027<br /> | session_room = <br /> | session_res = <br /> | meeting_place = [[Indore]], [[Madhya Pradesh]]<br /> | website = {{URL|http://www.imcindore.mp.gov.in/}}<br /> | footnotes = <br /> | logo=}}<br /> <br /> '''Indore Municipal Corporation (IMC)''' is the governing body of the city of [[Indore]] in the [[India]]n state of [[Madhya Pradesh]]. The [[municipal corporation]] consists of democratically elected members, is headed by a [[mayor]] and administers the city's infrastructure and public services. Members from the state's leading various political parties hold elected offices in the corporation.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.imcindore.mp.gov.in/ |title=Indore municipal corporation |access-date=10 November 2012 |archive-date=9 May 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180509060652/http://imcindore.mp.gov.in/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; It is the richest Municipal corporation in terms of revenue generated in the state of Madhya Pradesh.&lt;ref name=&quot;July 2022&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title=AAP Makes Madhya Pradesh Debut With Singrauli Mayoral Win |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/aap-makes-madhya-pradesh-debut-with-singrauli-mayoral-win-3166398 |access-date=19 July 2022 |work=NDTV.com |date=17 July 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> <br /> Due to lacked planned development in regards to facilities like water supply, drainage, sanitation and waste disposal, the first municipality was constituted in Indore in 1870 and Bakshi Khuman Singh was appointed the chairman.<br /> <br /> In 1906, Indore municipality started its own powerhouse and established a new water supply system from the Bilaoli water body. Then in 1912, municipality became the first city in India to have an elected municipal government responsible for the growth and welfare of the city.<br /> <br /> After independence, Indore city was included into [[Madhya Bharat]] and declared as the first category of municipality by the local government department of Madhya Bharat. In the year 1956, during the re-organisation of states, Indore was included in [[Madhya Pradesh]] and in the same year it was declared a [[Municipal Corporation]].<br /> <br /> ==Governance==<br /> <br /> At present, the municipal area is divided into 19 zones and 85 wards of various sizes and population. As per the provision of Madhya Pradesh Municipal Corporation Act, 1956, IMC has a chairman ([[Mayor]]), councilors elected by direct election from 85 wards,&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://imcindore.mp.gov.in/councillors |access-date=2025-10-29 |website=imcindore.mp.gov.in}}&lt;/ref&gt; 1 member of Parliament, 5 members of State Legislative Assembly representing constituencies within municipal areas. In accordance with the 74th constitutional amendment 25 seats out of 69 are reserved for women.<br /> <br /> Pushyamitra Bhargav is the mayor elected in 2022.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Indore: Citing traffic woes, Bhargav says firm no to victory rally |url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/indore/indore-citing-traffic-woes-bhargav-says-firm-no-to-victory-rally |access-date=23 July 2022 |work=Free Press Journal |date=23 July 2022 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === Wards ===<br /> {| class=&quot;sortable wikitable&quot;<br /> |+<br /> !Zone<br /> !Ward Number<br /> !Ward Name<br /> !Areas Covered<br /> !Assembly Constituency<br /> !Councillor&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;<br /> !Political Group<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |1<br /> |Sirpur<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |Mahesh Choudhary<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |2<br /> |Chandan Nagar<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |Fatma Rafiq Khan<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |3<br /> |Kalani Nagar<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |Shikha Sandeep Dubey<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |4<br /> |Sukhdev Nagar<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |Barkha Nitin Malu<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |5<br /> |Raj Nagar<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |Niranjan Singh Chauhan<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |6<br /> |Malharganj<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |Sandhya Yadav<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |7<br /> |Janta Colony<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |Bhawna Manoj Mishra<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |8<br /> |Juna Risala<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |Rukhsana Anwar Dastak<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |9<br /> |Vrindawan<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |Rahul Shyamlal Jaiswal<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |10<br /> |Banganga<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |Vineetika Deepu Yadav<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |11<br /> |Bhagirathpura<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |Kamal Baghela<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |12<br /> |Govind Colony<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |Seema Dubey<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |13<br /> |Sangam Nagar<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |Paraag Jaysingh Kaushal<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |14<br /> |Ashok Nagar<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |Ashwini Kumar Shukha<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |15<br /> |Bijasan<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |Mamta Subhas Suner<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |16<br /> |Nandbagh<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |Sonali Mukesh Dharkar<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |17<br /> |Kushwaah Nagar<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |Shivam K. K. Yadav<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |18<br /> |Sant Kabir<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |Sonali Vijay Parma<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |19<br /> |Vishwakarma<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |Sandhya Jaiswal<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |20<br /> |Gauri Nagar<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |Yashaswi Amit Patel<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |21<br /> |Shyam Nagar<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |Chintu Chaukse<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |22<br /> |Pt. Deendayal Upadhyay<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |Raju Bhadauriya<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |23<br /> |Lt. Rajesh Joshi<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |Veenita Dharmendra Maurya<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |24<br /> |Sant Balijinath Maharaj<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |Jitender Yadav<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |25<br /> |Nanda Nagar<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |Sunita Santosh Chaukhande<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |26<br /> |Jeen Mata<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |Lal Bahadur Verma<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |27<br /> |Pashupati Nath<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |'''Munnalal Yadav (Chairman Councillor)'''<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |28<br /> |Maa Tulja Bhavani<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |Jyoti Pawar<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |29<br /> |Shyama Prasad Mukharjee<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |Pooja Patidar<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |30<br /> |Sant Ravidas<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |Manisha Dulichand Gagore<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |31<br /> |Maharaj Chhatrasal<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |Balmukund Soni<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |32<br /> |Atal Bihari Bajpai<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |Rajendra Rathore<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |33<br /> |Sukhliya<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |Manoj Mishra<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |34<br /> |Shaheed Bhagat Singh<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |Seema Sanjay Choudhary<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |35<br /> |Lasudiya more<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |Rakesh Solanki<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |36<br /> |Nipaniya<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |Suresh Kurwade<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |37<br /> |Sai Krupa<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |Sangeeta Mahesh Joshi (Moni)<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |38<br /> |Haji Colony<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |Jamila Usmal Patel<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |39<br /> |Nahar Shah Wali<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |Rubina Iqbal Khan<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |40<br /> |Khajrana Ganesh<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |Pushpendra Patidar<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |41<br /> |Kailaash Puri<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |Pranav Mandal<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |42<br /> |Swami Vivekanand<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |Mudra Vigyan Shastri<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |43<br /> |Shree Nagar<br /> |<br /> |<br /> | Sunita, wife of Dinesh Songara<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |44<br /> |HIG<br /> |<br /> |<br /> | -<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |45<br /> |Dr Bhimrao Ambedkar<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |Sonila Mimrot<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |46<br /> |Somnath<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |Shaifu Akash Kushwaha<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |47<br /> |Sardar Vallabh Bhai<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |Nandkishore Pahadia<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |48<br /> |Geeta Bhawan<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |Vijayalakshmi Gohar<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |49<br /> |Tilak Nagar<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |Rajesh Udawat<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |50<br /> |Brajeshwari<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |Rajeev Jain<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |51<br /> |Bhagwati Nagar<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |Malkhan Singh Kataria<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |52<br /> |Musakhedi<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |Savitribai Chaudhary<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |53<br /> |Dr Maulana Azad Nagar<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |Gauzia Shaikh Aleem<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |54<br /> |Residency<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |Mahesh Baswal<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |55<br /> |South Tukoganj<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |Pankhuri Jain<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |56<br /> |Snehlata Ganj<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |Gajanand Gawde<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |57<br /> |Devi Ahilyabai<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |Suresh Takalkar<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |58<br /> |Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |Mohammad Anwar Qadri<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |59<br /> |Harsiddhi<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |Rupali Arun Pedharkar<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |60<br /> |Ranipura<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |Sunehra Ansaf Ansari<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |61<br /> |Tatya Sarvate<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |Bhawana Choudary<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |62<br /> |Raoji Bazaar<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |Rupa Dinesh Pandey<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |63<br /> |Navlakha<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |Mridul Aggarwal<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |64<br /> |Chitawad<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |Manish Sharma (Mama)<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |65<br /> |Sant Kanwar Ram<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |Kamlesh Kalra<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |66<br /> |Sheheed Hemu Kalani<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |Kanchan Gidwani<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |67<br /> |Maharaja Holkar<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |Priya Dangi<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |68<br /> |Bombay Market<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |Ayaz Baig<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |69<br /> |Jawahar Nagar<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |Meeta Rambabu Rathore<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |70<br /> |Loknayak Nagar<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |Bharatsingh Raghuvanshi<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |71<br /> |Dravid Nagar<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |Harpreet Kaur Luthra<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |72<br /> |Lokmanya Nagar<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |Yogesh Gander<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |73<br /> |Laxman Singh Chouhan<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |Shaheen Sajid Khan<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |74<br /> |Vishnupuri<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |Sunita Sunil Hardia<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |75<br /> |Palda<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |Kunal Solanki<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |76<br /> |Bicholi<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |Seema Solanki<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |77<br /> |Bilawali<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |Priyanka Chauhan<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |78<br /> |Choithram<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |Omprakash Arya<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |79<br /> |Sukh Niwas<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |Lakshmi Sanjay Verma<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |80<br /> |Dr Rajendra Prasad<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |Prashant Badve<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |81<br /> |Annapurna<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |Abhishek Bablu Sharma<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |82<br /> |Sudama Nagar<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |Nitin Kumar Sharma (Shanu)<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |83<br /> |Sudama Nagar<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |Jitendra Rathore<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |84<br /> |Dwarkapuri<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |Gurjeet Singh<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |85<br /> |Prajapati Nagar<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |Rakesh Jain<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Jurisdiction==<br /> <br /> The IMC area is bounded by the junction of MR-10 and [[National Highway 3 (India)|Bypass Road]] towards east along the Eastern Ring Road, the Kanadia Road up to its junction with the [[National Highway 3 (India)|Bypass Road]]; thence towards northeast along the AB Road and Eastern Ring Road up to the MR-11; thence towards south along the [[Khandwa|Khandwa Road]]; thence towards south along the railway line up to its junction with the Sukhniwas Road; up to its junction with AB Road, thence towards south along the AB Road; up to its junction with the last road leading to [[Rajendra Nagar, Indore|Rajendra Nagar]]; thence towards west along the [[National Highway 59 (India)|Ahmedabad Road]] up to [[Sinhasa]]; thence towards west along the Airport Road up to [[Devi Ahilyabai Holkar Airport]] at its junction with MR-10 (Super Corridor); thence towards northwest along the Depalpur Road up to its junction with the MR-10; thence towards north along the MR-10 up to its junction with Ujjain Road (MDR-27).<br /> <br /> ==Departments==<br /> <br /> IMC has 13 departments:-<br /> {{colbegin}}<br /> *Accounts Department<br /> *Education Department<br /> *Electrical and Mechanical Department<br /> *Fire Department<br /> *Food and Civil Supplies Department<br /> *Health Department<br /> *Housing &amp; Environmental Department<br /> *Information Technology Department<br /> *Law and General Administration Department<br /> *Planning &amp; Rehabilitation Department<br /> *Public Work Department<br /> *Revenue Department<br /> *Water Work and Drainage Department<br /> {{colend}}<br /> <br /> ==Smart City Indore==<br /> {{Infobox event<br /> | title = Smart City Indore<br /> | image = <br /> | caption = Logo of Smart City Indore Initiative<br /> | date = 3 October 2015<br /> | place = [[Indore]], [[India]]<br /> | coordinates = &lt;!-- {{coord|LAT|LON|region:XXXX_type:event|display=inline,title}} --&gt;<br /> | organisers = [[Malini Gaur]] (Mayor, Indore)&lt;br /&gt;Indore Municipal Corporation<br /> | website = {{URL|www.smartcityindore.org}}<br /> | notes = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> Smart City Indore is an initiative of the corporation to engage citizens of Indore in the process to qualify the city of [[Indore]] in the first round of Smart City Mission launched by [[Government of India]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.smartcityindore.org|title=SmartCity - Making of Smart Indore|author=Indore Municipal Corporation|access-date=10 October 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; The project is currently into its second stage.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://smartcities.gov.in/writereaddata/winningcity/indoreAnnexures.pdf|title=Smart City Proposal- Indore India Smart City Mission - Stage- 2|author=Government of India|access-date=Nov 15, 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Smart City Indore is an initiative launched by Indore Municipal Corporation, which includes the participation of residents to qualify Indore to the Smart City Mission launched by the [[Government of India]] in first round by taking suggestions and feedback from the residents. [[Indore]] is shortlisted by the Ministry of Urban Development as one of the 100 cities under Smart City Mission.&lt;ref&gt;[[Smart Cities in India]]&lt;/ref&gt; The project aims to<br /> emphasize development in various sectors including Governance, Transportation, Energy &amp; Waste Management, Water Management, Finance, Health &amp; Education, Infrastructure and Heritage. The website and logo of the Smart City Indore program was launched by city mayor Malini Gaur on 3 October 2015.<br /> <br /> On 13 November 2015, the British Prime Minister [[David Cameron]] announced that British firms will also be helping and funding the project in order to make [[Indore]] (along with [[Pune]] and [[Amravati]]) a smart city.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.oxfordmail.co.uk/news/national/14025240.David_Cameron_hails_five_year_partnership_to_develop_three_Indian_cities|title=David Cameron hails five years to develop three Indian cities|newspaper=[[Oxford Mail]]|access-date=14 November 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.bhaskar.com/news/MP-IND-HMU-indore-smart-city-project-will-fund-the-uk-pm-the-information-on-twitter-5167473-NOR.html|title=इंदौर स्मार्ट सिटी प्रोजेक्ट को फंडिंग करेगा ब्रिटेन, PM ने ट्विटर पर दी जानकारी|newspaper=[[Dainik Bhaskar]]|access-date=14 November 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Indore successfully qualified in Phase-1 of the [[Smart Cities Mission]], it ranked eleventh on the list released by Union Minister [[Venkaiah Naidu]] (MoUD) and is one of the first twenty cities to be developed as Smart City.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/list-of-first-20-smart-cities-under-smart-cities-mission/article8162775.ece|title=List of first 20 smart cities under Smart Cities Mission|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=February 16, 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; The Smart City Indore mission was widely appreciated for the efforts put by the government in citizen engagement.<br /> <br /> According to the latest report created by a team of master students and alumni of urban planning at the Ahmedabad-based Center for Environmental Planning and Technology (CEPT) University, Indore is among the Top Scorers. The cities have been ranked based on the extent to which they have communicated and taken public feedback on their plans through basic online platforms : the urban local body websites, Facebook page and the Union government portal mygov.in.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=http://epaper.indianexpress.com/624904/Indian-Express/28-October-2015#page/21 |title=Smaller towns take early lead |author=Shalini Nair |newspaper=Indian Express |date=28 October 2015 |archive-date=31 December 2017 |access-date=11 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171231103956/http://epaper.indianexpress.com/624904/Indian-Express/28-October-2015#page/21 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/india/most-smart-city-contenders-still-far-away-from-digital-india/story-nLHG2QfSREiyhXcRFO7Z4O.html |title=Most smart city contenders still far away from 'Digital India' |author1=Moushumi Das Gupta |author2=Hindustan Times |author3=New Delhi |newspaper=Hindustan Times |date=24 October 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Revenue sources ==<br /> <br /> The following are the Income sources for the Corporation from the Central and State Government.&lt;ref name=&quot;In11&quot;&gt;{{cite news |last1=Jadhav |first1=Radheshyam |title=Why civic bodies in India need municipal bonds |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/why-civic-bodies-in-india-need-municipal-bonds/article33237962.ece |access-date=18 May 2022 |publisher=www.thehindubusinessline.com |date=3 December 2020 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;In12&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title=Municipal corporations under severe strain as revenues sink: RBI Report |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/latest/economy/story/municipal-corporations-under-severe-strain-as-revenues-sink-rbi-report-314215-2021-12-02 |access-date=18 May 2022 |publisher=Business Today |date=2 December 2021 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;In13&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title=If cities are to deliver better quality life, need to have business models which are sustainable |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/opinion/if-cities-are-to-deliver-better-quality-life-need-to-have-business-models-which-are-sustainable/642276/ |access-date=18 May 2022 |publisher=Financialexpress |date=17 May 2022 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === Revenue from taxes ===<br /> Following is the Tax related revenue for the corporation.<br /> <br /> * Property tax.<br /> * Profession tax.<br /> * Entertainment tax.<br /> * Grants from Central and State Government like Goods and Services Tax.<br /> * Advertisement tax.<br /> <br /> === Revenue from non-tax sources ===<br /> <br /> Following is the Non Tax related revenue for the corporation.<br /> <br /> * Water usage charges.<br /> * Fees from Documentation services.<br /> * Rent received from municipal property.<br /> * Funds from municipal bonds.<br /> * Carbon-credit trading.<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist|2}}<br /> <br /> {{Neighbourhoods of Indore}}<br /> {{Authority control}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Municipal corporations in Madhya Pradesh]]<br /> [[Category:Government of Indore]]<br /> [[Category:1870 establishments in India]]</div>

Evan692365 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Yativ%E1%B9%9B%E1%B9%A3abha&diff=445580 2025-11-14T15:40:15Z

<p>Evan692365: update</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|6th-century Jain monk and mathematician}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=January 2016}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=January 2016}}<br /> {{Infobox religious biography<br /> | native_name = Jadivasaha<br /> | religion = [[Jainism]]<br /> | sect = [[Digambara]]<br /> | profession = [[Prakrit]] mathematician<br /> | birth_name = <br /> | birth_date = est. 6th century CE<br /> | birth_place = [[Indian subcontinent]]<br /> | death_date = around the end of 6th century CE<br /> | works = Author of the Tiloyapannatti, which postulated different concepts about infinity. <br /> }}<br /> {{Jainism}}<br /> '''Yativṛṣabha''' (Yativrishabha), also known as '''Jadivasaha''', was a [[mathematician]] and [[Jainism|Jain]] monk. He is believed to have lived during the 6th century, probably during 500–570. He studied under Arya Manksu and Nagahastin. He lived and worked between the periods of two great [[India]]n mathematicians, [[Aryabhata]] (476 – 550) and [[Brahmagupta]] (598-668).<br /> <br /> == Works ==<br /> He compiled many works in [[Prakrit]] expounding Jain traditions. One of these, the ''Tiloyapannatti'' — a description of the universe and its parts, is of some importance to historians of Indian science because it incorporates formulas representative of developments in Jain mathematics between the older canonical works and the later texts of the ninth and following centuries. He wrote the book named ''Tiloyapannatti'' which describes [[cosmology]] from the point of view of Jain religion and philosophy. &quot;The work also gives various units for measuring distances and time.&quot; [[Tiloya Panatti]] postulated different concepts about [[infinity]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Yativrsabha - Biography|url=https://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Yativrsabha/|access-date=2021-05-05|website=Maths History|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Yativr?s?abha {{!}} Encyclopedia.com|url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/science/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/yativrsabha|access-date=2021-05-05|website=www.encyclopedia.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; His work also describes the construction of the Universe expressed in specific numbers; for example, the diameter of the circular Jambu continent, upon which India is located, is 100,000 yojanas and its circumference is 316,227 [[Yojana|yojanas]], 3 krośas, 128 daṇḍas, 13 aṅgulas, 5 yavas, 1 yūkā, 1 ṛikṣā, 6 karmabhūmivālagras, 7 madhyabhogabhūmivālagras, 5 uttamabhogabhūmivālagras, 1 rathareṇu, 3 trasareṇus, 2 sannāsannas, and 3 avasannāsannas, plus a remainder of 23213/105409.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation|last=Ikeyama|first=Setsuro|title=Yativṛṣabha|date=2007|url=https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-30400-7_1513|encyclopedia=The Biographical Encyclopedia of Astronomers|pages=1251|editor-last=Hockey|editor-first=Thomas|place=New York, NY|publisher=Springer|language=en|doi=10.1007/978-0-387-30400-7_1513|isbn=978-0-387-30400-7|access-date=2021-05-05|editor2-last=Trimble|editor2-first=Virginia|editor3-last=Williams|editor3-first=Thomas R.|editor4-last=Bracher|editor4-first=Katherine|url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> *[[List of Indian mathematicians]]<br /> * [[Yati]]<br /> <br /> == Sources ==<br /> &lt;references responsive=&quot;0&quot; /&gt;<br /> == References ==<br /> *{{MacTutor|id=Yativrsabha|Yativrsabha}}<br /> <br /> ==Further reading==<br /> *L C Jain and A Jain, Philosopher mathematicians : Yativrsabhacarya, Virasenacarya and Nemicandracarya ([[Meerut]], 1985). <br /> *L C Jain, Basic mathematics : Exact Sciences from Jaina Sources 1 ([[New Delhi]], 1982).<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> * {{cite encyclopedia | editor = Thomas Hockey| last = Ikeyama | first = Setsuro | title=Yativṛṣabha | encyclopedia = The Biographical Encyclopedia of Astronomers | publisher = Springer | year = 2007 | location = New York | page = 1251 | url=http://islamsci.mcgill.ca/RASI/BEA/Yativrsabha_BEA.htm | isbn=978-0-387-31022-0|display-editors=etal}} ([http://islamsci.mcgill.ca/RASI/BEA/Yativrsabha_BEA.pdf PDF version])<br /> <br /> {{Indian mathematics}}{{Jain Gurus}}<br /> {{Jainism topics}}<br /> <br /> <br /> {{authority control}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Yativrsabha}}<br /> [[Category:6th-century Indian mathematicians]]<br /> [[Category:Indian Jain monks]]<br /> [[Category:6th-century Indian Jains]]<br /> [[Category:6th-century Jain monks]]<br /> [[Category:6th-century Indian monks]]<br /> [[Category:6th-century Indian writers]]<br /> <br /> <br /> {{Jainism-stub}}<br /> {{India-reli-bio-stub}}</div>

Evan692365 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Inter-University_Centre_for_Astronomy_and_Astrophysics&diff=504589 2025-10-27T11:10:40Z

<p>Evan692365: Adding info!</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Institute for astronomical sciences in Pune, India}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2018}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=September 2018}}<br /> {{Infobox university<br /> | name = Inter University Center for Astronomy and Astrophysics<br /> | image_name = IUCAA logo.svg<br /> | image_size = <br /> | motto = <br /> | head_label = Director<br /> | head = [[Raghunathan_Srianand|R. Srianand]]<br /> | type = Government of India research institution under the University Grants Commission (UGC)<br /> | established = {{start date|1988}}<br /> | city = [[Pune]]<br /> | state = [[Maharashtra]]<br /> | country = India<br /> | undergrad = <br /> | postgrad = <br /> | faculty = <br /> | campus = [[Urban area|Urban]]<br /> | website = {{official URL}}<br /> | logo = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> The '''Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics''' ('''IUCAA''') is an autonomous institution set up by the [[University Grants Commission (India)|University Grants Commission of India]] to promote [[nucleation]] and growth of active groups in [[astronomy]] and [[astrophysics]] in Indian universities. IUCAA is located in the [[University of Pune]] campus next to the [[National Centre for Radio Astrophysics]], which operates the [[Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope]]. IUCAA has a campus designed by Indian architect [[Charles Correa]].&lt;ref name=&quot;rkd&quot;&gt;{{cite web|last=Dadhich|first=Naresh|title=From Sand Dunes To IUCAA: A Mirage |url=http://www.iucaa.ernet.in/~nkd/sand.htmln.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030713205609/http://www.iucaa.ernet.in/~nkd/sand.htmln.html|url-status=usurped|archive-date=13 July 2003|publisher=IUCAA|access-date=5 September 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> After the founding of the [[Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope]] (GMRT) by Prof. [[Govind Swarup]], a common research facility for [[astronomy]] and [[astrophysics]] was proposed by Dr. [[Yash Pal]] of the planning commission. Working on this idea, astrophysicist Prof. [[Jayant Narlikar]], along with [[Ajit Kembhavi]] and [[Naresh Dadhich (physicist)|Naresh Dadhich]] set up IUCAA within the Pune University campus in 1988.&lt;ref name=&quot;rkd&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;kemhin&quot;&gt;{{cite news|title=Kembhavi to head astronomy, astrophysics centre in Pune|url=http://www.hindu.com/2009/06/08/stories/2009060856231300.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090611124707/http://www.hindu.com/2009/06/08/stories/2009060856231300.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=11 June 2009|access-date=28 December 2015|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=8 June 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> [[File:Entrance of IUCAA.jpg|alt=entrance with logo of the institute inscribed on the let wall|left|thumb|Entrance to the campus of IUCAA]]<br /> In 2002, IUCAA initiated a nationwide campaign to popularize astronomy and astrophysics in colleges and universities. IUCAA arranged visitor programs for universities in [[Nagpur]] ([[Maharashtra]]), [[Thiruvalla]] ([[Kerala]]), [[Siliguri]] ([[West Bengal]]) and others, along with a tie-up with the [[Ferguson college]], [[Pune]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last=Chandawarkar|first=Rahul|title=IUCAA aims sky-high via campaign|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2002-11-19/pune/27288495_1_iucaa-astronomy-and-astrophysics-narlikar|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111231040721/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2002-11-19/pune/27288495_1_iucaa-astronomy-and-astrophysics-narlikar|url-status=dead|archive-date=31 December 2011|access-date=5 September 2010|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|date=19 November 2002}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> [[File:2064 aryabhata-crp.jpg|200px|right|thumb|Statue of [[Aryabhata]] on the grounds of IUCAA, Pune]]In 2004, IUCAA set up the ''Muktangan Vidnyan Shodhika'' (Exlporatorium), a science popularization initiative, with a grant from the [[Pu La Deshpande]] foundation. The center is open to all school students from Pune.&lt;ref name=&quot;indtog&quot;&gt;{{cite news|last=Dhavse|first=Rasika|title=The people's astronomer |url=http://www.indiatogether.org/2004/jan/edu-astronomy.htm|access-date=5 September 2010|newspaper=India Together|date=January 2004}}&lt;/ref&gt; IUCAA was declared the nodal center for India to coordinate the year-long celebrations for the International Year of Astronomy.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Science and Technology Dept's tableau to focus on astronomy|url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/holnus/008200901240951.htm|access-date=5 September 2010|newspaper=The Hindu|date=24 January 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> IUCAA was headed for its first decade by Prof. [[Jayant Narlikar]], followed by Prof. [[Naresh Dadhich (physicist)|Naresh Dadhich]] and Prof. [[Ajit Kembhavi]]. From September 2015, the Director is Prof. [[Somak Raychaudhury]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/pune/Raychaudhury-is-IUCAAs-new-director/articleshow/48752689.cms | title=Raychaudhury is IUCAA's new director | date=1 September 2015 | newspaper=The Times of India | access-date=4 September 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Research==<br /> Scientists at IUCAA carry out research in a wide range of areas in astronomy, astrophysics and physics. IUCAA has active research groups in fields like [[General relativity|classical]] and [[quantum gravity]], [[Physical cosmology|cosmology]], [[gravitational waves]], [[optical astronomy|optical]] and [[radio astronomy]], [[Solar System]] physics and instrumentation.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Research|url=http://www.iucaa.ernet.in/Research.html|publisher=IUCAA|access-date=5 September 2010|url-status=usurped|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100611140022/http://www.iucaa.ernet.in/Research.html|archive-date=11 June 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Facilities===<br /> IUCAA, along with [[Persistent Systems]], Pune, operates the Virtual Observatory project. The observatory provides users access to raw observational data along with advanced processing software designed by engineers at Persistent.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last=TNN|title=IUCAA unveils country’s first virtual observatory|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/33606630.cms|access-date=5 September 2010|newspaper=Times of India|date=7 Jan 2003}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> IUCAA also maintains [[Girawali Observatory]] which is about 80&amp;nbsp;km from Pune city, off Pune-Nasik Road and near the historical [[Junnar]] town. In addition to catering to the needs of astronomers in general, this observatory is unique in setting aside a certain amount of time specifically for training as well as observational proposals arising from Indian Universities. The telescope has a [[primary mirror]] of diameter 2 meter, f/3 and a secondary of 60&amp;nbsp;cm, f/10. IUCAA Faint Object Spectrograph &amp; Camera (IFOSC) is the main instrument available on the telescope's direct [[Cassegrain reflector|Cassegrain]] port currently.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=IUCAA Girawali Observatory|url=http://www.iucaa.ernet.in/~itp/|publisher=IUCAA|access-date=5 September 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100821103201/http://www.iucaa.ernet.in/%7Eitp/|archive-date=21 August 2010|url-status=usurped}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> IUCAA, along with the [[Raman Research Institute]] and [[Indian Institute of Astrophysics]], [[Bangalore]], declared a proposal to take a ten percent stake in the [[Large Telescope Project]], which would allow Indian astronomers access to major upcoming observatories such as the [[Giant Magellan Telescope]] (GMT), the [[Thirty Meter Telescope]] (TMT) and the [[European Extremely Large Telescope]] (EELT).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last=TNN|title=IUCAA may have 10% stake in int'l telescope project Read more: IUCAA may have 10% stake in int'l telescope project|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-08-06/pune/28173239_1_iucaa-large-telescope-project-giant-magellan-telescope|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121103085724/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-08-06/pune/28173239_1_iucaa-large-telescope-project-giant-magellan-telescope|url-status=dead|archive-date=3 November 2012|access-date=5 September 2010|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|date=6 Aug 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Science popularization==<br /> The SciPop initiative was set up by Prof. Jayant Narlikar along with N. C. Rana and Arvind Paranjpe. SciPop, based out of the Muktangan Vidnyan Shodhika building, provides educational facilities for school students, teachers and [[amateur astronomer]]s.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=IUCAA Scipop|url=http://www.iucaa.ernet.in/~scipop/geninfo.html|publisher=IUCAA|access-date=5 September 2010|url-status=usurped|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100429073922/http://www.iucaa.ernet.in/~scipop/geninfo.html|archive-date=29 April 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; IUCAA organizes the open Science day program every year on 28 February, in which members of the general public can visit the institute to take a look at ongoing research and contemporary work happening elsewhere in the world. IUCAA was one of the few Indian research institutes to start a science popularization program, and other organisations such as the Indian Institute of Science, Indian Institute of Astrophysics, and [[TIFR]], [[Mumbai]] started similar public outreach programmes in the wake of its success.&lt;ref name=indtog /&gt;<br /> <br /> ==People==<br /> [[File:IUCAA 3 Directors (Naresh Dadhich, Jayant Vishnu Narlikar, Ajit Kembhavi).jpg|thumb|Three of the founder members and ex-directors of IUCAA, Pune]]<br /> Notable people associated with IUCAA:<br /> <br /> * [[Jayant Narlikar]], founding director<br /> * [[Naresh Dadhich (physicist)|Naresh Dadhich]], physicist, Fellow of the [[Indian Academy of Sciences]], 2nd Director<br /> * [[Ajit Kembhavi]], 3rd Director<br /> * [[Thanu Padmanabhan]], [[Padma Shri]] award-winning astrophysicist<br /> * [[Somak Raychaudhury]], 4th Director<br /> * [[Sanjeev Dhurandhar]], gravitational-wave physicist and science advisor to the [[Indian Initiative in Gravitational-wave Observations|IndIGO]] consortium<br /> * [[Raghunathan Srianand]], astrophysicist and [[Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize|Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar]] laureate&lt;ref name=&quot;Academic Members-R. Srianand&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.iucaa.ernet.in/research.html#Faculty |title=Academic Members-R. Srianand |date=2017-11-01 |website=Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics |access-date=2017-11-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100611140022/http://www.iucaa.ernet.in/Research.html#Faculty |archive-date=11 June 2010 |url-status=usurped }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *[[Kanak Saha]], astrophysicist and Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar laureate.<br /> *[[Surhud More]], astrophysicist and [[Rashtriya Vigyan Puraskar|Vigyan Yuva-Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Award]] recipient.<br /> <br /> == Logo ==<br /> The logo of IUCAA is a symmetric 8-crossing [[Carrick mat]] knot, and a mirror image to that of the [[International Guild of Knot Tyers]].<br /> &lt;!--<br /> [[File:IUCAA logo.svg|thumb|IUCAA logo]]<br /> [[File:8crossing-symmetrical.svg|thumb|An 8-crossing Carrick mat knot.]] --&gt;<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> * [[Girawali Observatory]]<br /> * [[List of astronomical societies]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> * {{official website|http://www.iucaa.in/|name=Official IUCAA website}}<br /> *{{Commons inline}}<br /> <br /> {{Pune topics}}<br /> {{Indian space programme}}<br /> {{Public sector space agencies}}<br /> {{Portal bar|India|Astronomy|Stars|Spaceflight|Outer space|Solar System|Education|Science}}<br /> {{Authority control}}<br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Inter-University Centre For Astronomy And Astrophysics}}<br /> [[Category:Research institutes in Pune]]<br /> [[Category:Savitribai Phule Pune University]]<br /> [[Category:Astronomy organizations]]<br /> [[Category:Research institutes established in 1988]]<br /> [[Category:1988 establishments in Maharashtra]]</div>

Evan692365 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chaman_Singh_Gurung&diff=458880 2025-09-18T15:43:02Z

<p>Evan692365: general reworked lead based on references further and improved wording for accuracy</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian field hockey player}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}<br /> {{MedalTop}}<br /> {{MedalSport|Men's [[Field hockey|Field Hockey]]}}<br /> {{MedalCountry|{{IND}}}}<br /> {{MedalCompetition | [[Olympic Games]] }}<br /> [[File:Olympic rings.svg|center|80px]]<br /> {{MedalGold|[[1952 Summer Olympics|1952 Helsinki]]|[[Field hockey at the 1952 Summer Olympics|Team Competition]]}}<br /> {{MedalBottom}}<br /> <br /> '''Chaman Singh Gurung''' was an Indian [[field hockey]] player, who was a member of the [[1952 Helsinki Olympics]] hockey team that won the gold medal.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.olympics.com/en/news/helsinki-1952-olympics-indian-hockey-team-gold-medal-balbir-singh-sr-result|title= When the Helsinki sun shone brightly on Indian hockey team at 1952 Olympics|last=Venkat|first=Rahul|date=23 July 2020|website=Olympics.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.newsclick.in/keshav-dutt-tribute-indian-hockeys-harley-riding-legend|title= Keshav Dutt Tribute: Indian Hockey’s Harley Riding Legend|last=Basu|first=Jaydeep|date=7 July 2021|website=News Click}}&lt;/ref&gt; He was educated in [[Goethals Memorial School]], [[Kurseong]], and after retiring from playing professional field hockey, he went on to be the games master in his alma mater.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://bestsports.com.br/db/atlpag.php?atl=41365&amp;lang=2|title=Chaman Singh Gurung|access-date=17 May 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; Gurung's Olympic gold medal is reportedly missing.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Remember the Titans |url=https://mjkguptas.blogspot.com/2012/02/remember-titans.html?m=1 |website=Mjkgupta |access-date=20 March 2024 |date=4 February 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * {{sports links}}<br /> <br /> {{India FH Squad 1952 Summer Olympics}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Gurung, Chaman}}<br /> [[Category:Year of birth missing]]<br /> [[Category:Year of death missing]]<br /> [[Category:Olympic field hockey players for India]]<br /> [[Category:Olympic gold medalists for India]]<br /> [[Category:Field hockey players at the 1952 Summer Olympics]]<br /> [[Category:Indian male field hockey players]]<br /> [[Category:Olympic medalists in field hockey]]<br /> [[Category:Medalists at the 1952 Summer Olympics]]<br /> [[Category:Indian Gorkhas]]<br /> [[Category:People from Darjeeling district]]<br /> [[Category:Field hockey players from West Bengal]]<br /> [[Category:Gurung people]]<br /> <br /> {{India-fieldhockey-bio-stub}}<br /> {{India-Olympic-medalist-stub}}</div>

Evan692365 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=C._V._Ranganathan&diff=492719 2025-08-10T19:21:05Z

<p>Evan692365: put up some data first draft - done</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian diplomat and statesman}}<br /> [[File:CVRanganathan.jpg|thumb|C.V. Ranganathan, former Indian diplomat]]<br /> '''C. V. Ranganathan''' (born 1935) is an Indian diplomat and statesman, who variously served as [[Counsellor (diplomat)|Counselor]] of the [[Permanent Mission of India to the United Nations]], [[Foreign Secretary (India)|Joint Foreign Secretary]], [[Diplomatic rank|First Secretar]]&lt;nowiki/&gt;y to the Embassy of India in Bonn, [[Indian High Commissioner]] to [[Hong Kong]], [[Indian ambassador|Indian Ambassador to Ethiopia]], and the Deputy Chief of Mission at the rank of ambassador to the [[Soviet Union]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=ICS- Institute of Chinese Studies : emeritus-fellows |url=https://www.icsin.org/emeritus-fellows/faculty/cv-ranganathan |access-date=2024-03-14 |website=www.icsin.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=A |first=Preethi |date=2018-02-01 |title=Interview with Shri C. V. Ranganathan IFS (Retd.), Former Ambassador of India to China |url=https://www.c3sindia.org/post/interview-with-shri-c-v-ranganathan-ifs-retd-former-ambassador-of-india-to-china-by-preethi-a |access-date=2025-05-30 |website=Chennai Centre for China Studies (C3S) India |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; during [[Perestroika]].<br /> <br /> He was then the [[China–India relations|Indian Ambassador to China]], during which he oversaw [[Rajiv Gandhi|Rajiv Gandhi's landmark 1988 state visit to Beijing]],&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Garver |first=John |date=June 2002 |title=''Across the Himalayan Gap: An Indian Quest for Understanding China''. Edited by T&lt;scp&gt;an&lt;/scp&gt; C&lt;scp&gt;hung&lt;/scp&gt;. [New Delhi: Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts and Gyan Publishing House, 1998. ISBN 81-212-0585-9.] |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0009443902310283 |journal=The China Quarterly |volume=170 |pages=477–502 |doi=10.1017/s0009443902310283 |issn=0305-7410|url-access=subscription }}&lt;/ref&gt; and Ambassador to [[France]]. Following his retirement from the [[Indian Foreign Service]] in 1993, he was a [[Jawaharlal Nehru Fellowship|Jawaharlal Nehru Fellow]] and twice Convenor of India's [[National Security Advisory Board]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Ranganathan |first=C.V. |date=August 2005 |title=A Festive Spring For Indian Diplomacy |url=http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/000944550504100307 |journal=China Report |language=en |volume=41 |issue=3 |pages=309–313 |doi=10.1177/000944550504100307 |issn=0009-4455|url-access=subscription }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Early life and education ==<br /> Chetput Venkatasubban Ranganathan was born in [[Thoothukudi]] (formerly Tuticorin) in Tamil Nadu (formerly the [[Madras Presidency|Madras presidency]]) in [[colonial India]]. His ancestral place was the town of [[Chetput]] in the [[North Arcot]] district of the Madras Presidency. His grandfather was Sir [[C. P. Ramaswami Iyer|C.P. Ramaswami Iyer]], an Indian lawyer, administrator, and former [[List of Diwans of Travancore|Diwan of Travancore]], who encouraged Ranganathan to sit the [[Indian Foreign Service|Indian Foreign Service (IFS)]] exam in 1959. His uncle [[C. R. Pattabhiraman|C.R. Pattabhiraman]] participated in the [[Quit India Movement]] and was active in the [[Indian National Congress]]. Pattabhiraman was elected to the [[Lok Sabha]] from Kumbakonam in 1957 and 1962. Ranganathan's cousin [[Aryama Sundaram]] is a lawyer in the [[Supreme Court of India]]. C.R. Venkatasubban, Ranganathan's father, was chairman of the Imperial Tobacco Company (now [[ITC Limited|ITC]]) in Bangalore. His siblings include the environmentalist Geetha Srinivasan, married to the late nuclear engineer Dr. [[M. R. Srinivasan|M.R. Srinivasan]]; the late chemical engineer Dr. [[C. V. Seshadri|C.V. Seshadri]]; and the late automotive industrialist [[C. V. Karthik Narayanan|C.V. Karthik Narayanan]].<br /> <br /> Ranganathan completed his schooling in Madras and a B.A. (Hons.) in Economics and Political Science from [[University of Madras|Madras University]]. He successfully passed the IFS exam in 1959 and completed his training at the [[Lal Bahadur Shastri National Academy of Administration]] in [[Mussoorie]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; In 1962, he completed a Diploma with honors in Chinese language and literature at Hong Kong University, ultimately becoming fluent in spoken and written Mandarin Chinese through several subsequent stays in Hong Kong and [[Peking]] during the [[Cultural Revolution]].<br /> <br /> == Receiving His Holiness the Dalai Lama in India ==<br /> On 31 March 1959, the 14th [[Dalai Lama's escape from China|Dalai Lama]] of Tibet crossed the border from China into India at the [[Tawang]] pass in [[Arunachal Pradesh]]. A few days earlier, the Tibetan leader had sent a cable to the Indian prime minister [[Jawaharlal Nehru]] requesting asylum in India due to escalating repression by the Chinese government of Tibetan protestors. Tibetans suspected that the Chinese were setting a trap to detain the Dalai Lama, who then decided to preemptively flee to India.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2020-11-28 |title=THE STORY OF DALAI LAMA'S ESCAPE FROM TIBET {{!}} Salute |url=https://salute.co.in/dalai-lamas-escape/ |access-date=2025-06-01 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nehru deputed the [[Assam Rifles]] and a group of Indian officers, including Ranganathan, to receive the Dala Lama and his entourage at Tawang, from where they eventually settled in [[Dharamshala|Dharamsala]], India. India saw an upsurge of [[Tibetan refugees in India|Tibetan refugees]] in the aftermath of the Dalai Lama's asylum.<br /> <br /> Ranganathan writes that this episode strained relations between India and China: &lt;blockquote&gt;&quot;...the unease with which the Chinese view the growing stature of the Dalai Lama, and the international sympathy which the situation of the Tibetans has evoked, leads the Chinese to frequently raise the matter in dialogues with Indian government leaders and officials. As for the Dalai Lama, he has abided by the universally acknowledged norms of shelter in India, which has been granted on humanitarian grounds. He has no support from the government of India in any political activity aimed against China. As for his ardent and numerous followers, the overwhelming majority live in India and are engaged in activities which are open to them in their capacity as refugees. Given India’s democratic system, it is unrealistic to expect that curbs can be put on their ability to assemble and give free rein to expression, provided such activities are within the bounds of Indian laws.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;<br /> <br /> == Cultural Revolution in China ==<br /> Ranganathan spent formative years in China shortly before and during the [[Cultural Revolution]]. He developed fluency in Mandarin Chinese, and a life-long scholarly interest in Chinese politics, political economy, and Sino-Indian relations, which he discusses in his speeches&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=voH4lAVHdE0 |title=&quot;A prosperous China faces problems at home and contradictions abroad&quot;:By Amb (Retd)C. V.Ranganathan |date=2014-05-15 |last=Indian Diplomacy |access-date=2025-06-02 |via=YouTube}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8dFh-qtxHdw |title=Keynote Address of the Asia-Pacific seminar: Amb. C V Ranganathan |date=2014-04-11 |last=NIASISSSP |access-date=2025-06-02 |via=YouTube}}&lt;/ref&gt; and publications, including his coauthored book with former ambassador Vinod C. Khanna, ''India and China: The Way Ahead After 'Mao's India War'''.&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last1=Ranganathan |first1=C. V. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cVVuAAAAMAAJ |title=India and China: The Way Ahead After &quot;Mao's India War&quot; |last2=Khanna |first2=Vinod C. |date=2000 |publisher=Har-Anand Publications |isbn=978-81-241-0647-1 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In his memoirs, former ambassador of India, Kishan Rana, recalls that along with Ranganathan, nicknamed &quot;Rangi&quot;, several IFS &quot;probationers&quot; (the term used for junior officers) chose to specialise in Chinese. They moved to Hong Kong during 1960-1962 for a two-year intensive Chinese language study.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Rana |first=Kishan |title=Diplomacy at the Cutting Edge |publisher=Manas Publishers |year=2016 |edition=1st |location=New Delhi |publication-date=2016 |pages=55 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Rana mentions that during their two-year study, &quot;Rangi moved out to spend a year as a paying guest with a Chinese professor.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; He adds &quot;That arrangement worked well for Rangi’s language studies, but he found himself rather underfed much of the time, making up with street food and cheap restaurants, which were plentiful.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> In 1962, the [[Sino-Indian War]] erupted over border disputes. Shortly after, Ranganathan returned to China during the Cultural Revolution as Third Secretary in the Embassy of India. During that time, tensions were also rising between India and China as part of the larger [[Sino-Soviet split]] due to suspicion by [[Mao Zedong|Mao]] that India was siding with the U.S.S.R., who Mao considered &quot;[[Revisionism (Marxism)|revisionist]]&quot; and too U.S.-friendly under [[Nikita Khrushchev|Kruschev]] and his [[Cold War]] geopolitics.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Ranganathan |first=C.V. |date=2006 |title=India in China's foreign policy |url=https://www.india-seminar.com/2006/562/562-cv-ranganathan.htm |access-date=2025-05-31 |website=www.india-seminar.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Indian newspaper ''[[The Hindu]]'' reported that [[Red Guards]] beat and kicked Indian diplomats at Peking airport on June 14, 1967 before they fled by air for Hong Kong after being expelled because they were accused of spying. According to ''The'' ''Hindu'' report, &quot;C.V. Ranganathan was made to bow his head by the crowd who tried to force him to kneel on the runway.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2017-06-14 |title=Indian diplomats humiliated at Peking airport |url=https://www.thehindu.com/archive/indian-diplomats-humiliated-at-peking-airport/article19050018.ece |access-date=2025-05-30 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}&lt;/ref&gt; The report further states that &quot;Red Guards waved red books of Mao Tse-tung’s quotations at the Indian diplomats.&quot;<br /> <br /> These events of the 1960s had a chilling effect on relations between the two countries, breaking the relative peace established by the 1954 [[Panchsheel (political)|Panchsheel]] accords, which established &quot;[[Hindi Rusi Bhai Bhai|''Hindi-Chini bhai bhai'']]&quot; ([[Hindi language|Hindi]]: हिंदी चीनी भाई भाई), or brotherly cooperation between the two countries that led to the launch of the [[Non-Aligned Movement]] and the [[Bandung Conference|1955 Bandung Conference]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt; Ranganathan explains the deterioration in Sino-Indian diplomatic relations as follows: &quot;China’s material support to some militant elements in eastern India compounded with opportunistic friendship with Pakistan and the turmoils of the Cultural Revolution worsened an atmosphere vitiated by the 1962 war.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt; This historical conjuncture drove Ranganathan's career-long scholarly interest in the [[Chinese Communist Party]],&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=C.V. Ranganathan and Sanjeev Kumar |title=The 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China: a major turning point for China |url=https://www.nypl.org/research/research-catalog |access-date=2025-05-30 |website=Item Details {{!}} Research Catalog {{!}} NYPL |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Chinese foreign policy towards India,&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; and dedication to normalising relations between India and China.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Ranganathan |first=C V |date=1998 |title=India China Relations: PROBLEMS AND PERSPECTIVES |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/45064524 |journal=World Affairs: The Journal of International Issues |volume=2 |issue=2 |pages=104–120 |jstor=45064524 |issn=0971-8052}}&lt;/ref&gt; Indian political scientist Surjit Mansingh writes &quot;junior officers in the [[Ministry of External Affairs (India)|Ministry of External Affairs]] produced an accurate analysis of differences between the Soviet and Chinese Communist Parties in 1963. Each of these analysts, A.P. Venkateshwaran, [[Jyotindra Nath Dixit|J.N. Dixit]], and C.V. Ranganathan, subsequently became very influential in shaping and executing Indian policies abroad.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Indo-Soviet Relations in the Nehru Years - Introduction |url=https://phpisn.ethz.ch/lory1.ethz.ch/collections/coll_india/NehruYears-Introduction3593.html?navinfo=96318#F28 |access-date=2025-06-01 |website=phpisn.ethz.ch}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Indian Ambassador to Ethiopia ==<br /> Between 1983-1985, Ranganathan served as Ambassador of India to Ethiopia. This was a time of the [[1983–1985 famine in Ethiopia]], which occurred during the reign of [[Mengistu Haile Mariam|Mengestu Haile Mariam]], chairman of the Marxist-Leninst military junta that ruled Ethiopia between 1977-1987. As part of his role as Indian ambassador, Ranganathan oversaw food and famine aid delivered by the Government of India to Ethiopia. Ranganathan also met with notable personalities during his time as ambassador in Addis, including [[Mother Teresa]], who ran humanitarian programs in Africa, and the internationally-acclaimed Ethiopian artist [[Afewerk Tekle]].<br /> <br /> == Deputy Chief of Mission to the U.S.S.R at the rank of Ambassador ==<br /> [[File:Photo of CV Ranganathan with Gorbachev.jpg|right|frameless|300x300px|A 1985 Russian daily carried the article with title: &quot;Reception of the Indian ambassador to the U.S.S.R T.N Kaul by M.S Gorbachev&quot;]]<br /> Between 1985-1987, Ranganathan served as Deputy Chief of Mission to the U.S.S.R at the rank of ambassador.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; A 1985 newspaper article with photograph shows Ranganathan seated next to Indian ambassador [[Triloki Nath Kaul|T.N. Kaul]] and both sitting opposite the last General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, [[Mikhail Gorbachev]] (1985-1991) and his deputy. During his years as the Soviet leader, Gorbachev initiated [[Perestroika]], a wide-ranging plan for economic and political reform that culminated in the end of the Cold War, the fall of the [[Berlin Wall]], and the dissolution of the U.S.S.R. and [[Eastern Bloc|Eastern bloc]] communism.<br /> <br /> == Indian Ambassador to China ==<br /> [[File:Indian flag in tiannanmen.jpg|thumb|During Rajiv Gandhi's visit to China in 1988, Indian and Chinese flags hung side-by-side in [[Tiananmen]] Square]]<br /> Between 1987-1991, Ranganathan served as [[List of ambassadors of India to China|Ambassador of India to China]] during which he coordinated a landmark &quot;ice-breaking&quot; visit by then Indian prime minister, [[Rajiv Gandhi]], to China in 1988.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; [[Deng Xiaoping|Deng Xiao Ping]] was the paramount leader of the People's Republic of China at the time (1978-1989). This was the first visit by an Indian prime minister to China in over three decades following the Sino-Indian War of 1962 and a deterioration of relations under Mao. Rajiv Gandhi's 1988 visit had many achievements, including the creation of a Joint Working Group at the level of vice-ministers for negotiations on the boundary question and for strengthening peace; science and technology, aviation, and cultural cooperation; and high-level discussions between Gandhi, Deng, and party leaders, including [[Zhu Rongji]]. At one of the meetings, Deng stated emphatically that if India and China did not achieve development, talk of the 21st century being an Asian Century would not have any meaning.&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> Ranganathan was Indian ambassador when the [[1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre]] erupted in Beijing. The Indian Embassy in China shares a compound wall with the British Embassy. When violence started to escalate and the [[People's Liberation Army]] imposed martial law, threatening to shoot violators and send in troops to crush the student resistance, a handwritten message on the door of the British Embassy warned: “Do not go on balconies, look out windows or take photographs of troops. They have warned they will shoot. They mean it.”&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Mann |first=Jim |date=1989-06-07 |title=CHINA IN TURMOIL : Foreigners, Urged to Evacuate, Flee Beijing |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1989-06-07-mn-1701-story.html |access-date=2025-06-01 |website=Los Angeles Times |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Foreigners living in two large residential complexes a short distance away from the Indian and British embassies, Jianguomenwai and Qijiayuan, began to get increasingly nervous because of the presence of 20 Chinese military tanks positioned on a nearby highway intersection.&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> In his book ''Tiananmen Square: The Making of a Protest,'' [[Vijay Keshav Gokhale]], who was then a junior diplomat in the Indian embassy, writes in the preface: &quot;The book’s origins lie in the intensive discussions that happened among the Indian diplomats posted to the embassy in China. We were very fortunate to have the guidance and wisdom of C.V. Ranganathan, the ambassador, [[Shivshankar Menon]], the deputy chief of mission, and Jayadeva Ranade, the senior intelligence officer. Their insights and analysis have helped me immensely to build the backbone of this book. I am deeply indebted to all three of them for instilling in me the art of China watching.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Gokhale |first=Vijay |title=Tiananmen Square: The Making of a Protest |publisher=Harper Collins |year=2021 |isbn=978-9354225352 |edition=1st}}&lt;/ref&gt; He later narrates that Ambassador Ranganathan, in consultation with fellow diplomats, took the decision to evacuate the families and children in the embassy due to reports that the PLA had begun shooting at diplomatic compounds. A bullet found in the residence of an Indian diplomat prompted this decision: &lt;blockquote&gt;&quot;In the Indian embassy the ambassador [Ranganathan] convened a meeting to discuss the shooting incident. One of our officers, Political Attaché Sikri’s residence, had also been hit by bullets but the occupants of the apartment escaped unhurt. We took into account the visual scenes that many of us had witnessed in the past week. The ambassador was responsible for the safety of embassy personnel and staff, of course, but there were also other considerations in play. India–China relations had normalized after Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi’s visit to China in December 1988. We had turned the page on one of the most painful chapters in our history – the military debacle of 1962. We could look ahead to better times. Any action we took which might look like we were joining the West in indicting the regime in China could complicate the restoration of normality. It was a long and hard discussion. Finally, we took the collective view that while it was our duty as officers of the government to remain in our posts, we could not risk the safety of families. It was decided that they would return to India on the next direct British Airways flight from Beijing to New Delhi.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;<br /> <br /> == Personal life ==<br /> In 1973, he met and married Vijayalakshmi Ranganathan (née Kumar) in New York City. Vijayalakshmi hails from a non-Brahmin Malayali [[Warrier]] caste. The marriage was unconventional, breaking the tradition of caste endogamous [[Arranged marriages in india|arranged marriages]] typical for Hindus. Like Ranganathan, who was [[Counsellor (diplomat)|Counselor]] of the [[Permanent Mission of India to the United Nations]] at the time, Vijayalakshmi was working in the United Nations as an officer of the [[UNDP|United Nations Development Program.]] She was raised in Geneva by Malayali parents, and completed her education at [[Ecole Internationale de Geneve|Ecole Int, Geneva]] and the [[University of Edinburgh]]. They have two children, Arun Ranganathan born in 1975 in Bonn and Dr. Malini Rama Ranganathan born in 1979 in New Delhi. Arun works in software in New York and Dr. Malini Rama Ranganathan is a professor in Washington, DC. The family traveled together to each of Ranganathan's postings until he retired as Ambassador of India to France in 1993 and returned to New Delhi, where he continued to lecture and write for 12 years.<br /> <br /> C.V. Ranganathan was an avid tennis and cricket player. While ambassador in China, he helped to organise and play in friendly cricket matches between different embassies (India, New Zealand, South Africa, Pakistan, United Kingdom, etc). He is fluent in Tamil, Hindi, and Chinese and, since 2005, lives in [[Bengaluru]], India. In 2006, he delivered the 2nd General K.S. Thimayya Lecture in Bengaluru&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DD5czvbJTq0 |title=The 2nd General K.S. Thimayya Memorial Lecture, 2006--Ambassador C.V. Ranganathan, IFS (Retd.) |date=2016-03-25 |last=KSTTrust |access-date=2025-06-02 |via=YouTube}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=K.S. Thimayya Memorial Lecture {{!}} BISHOP COTTON BOYS' SCHOOL |url=https://bishopcottonboysschool.edu.in/content/ks-thimayya-memorial-lecture |access-date=2025-06-02 |website=bishopcottonboysschool.edu.in}}&lt;/ref&gt; at [[Bishop Cotton Boys' School|Bishop Cottons Boys School]].<br /> <br /> == Publications ==<br /> Ranganathan, C.V. and Vinod C. Khanna. 2000. I''ndia and China: The Way Ahead After Mao's 'India War''.' Delhi: Har Anand Publications.&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> Ranganathan, C.V. 2004 &quot;Facing Twenty-First Century Challenges On The Foundation Of Panchsheel&quot;, ''World Affairs: The Journal of International Affairs'', Vol 8, No. 4 (October–December, pp.&amp;nbsp;11–17.&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Ranganathan |first=C V |date=2004 |title=Facing Twenty-First Century Challenges On The Foundation Of Panchsheel |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/48504901 |journal=World Affairs: The Journal of International Issues |volume=8 |issue=4 |pages=11–17 |jstor=48504901 |issn=0971-8052}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Ranganathan, C.V. and Sanjeev Kumar (eds). 2013. ''The 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China: a major turning point for China.''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Item Details {{!}} Research Catalog {{!}} NYPL |url=https://www.nypl.org/research/research-catalog |access-date=2025-06-01 |website=Item Details {{!}} Research Catalog {{!}} NYPL |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == See also ==<br /> [[Jagat Singh Mehta]]<br /> <br /> [[A. P. Venkateswaran]]<br /> <br /> [[Shivshankar Menon]]<br /> <br /> [[Vijay Keshav Gokhale]]<br /> <br /> [[Harsh Vardhan Shringla]]<br /> <br /> [[Nirupama Rao]]<br /> <br /> [[C. P. Ramaswami Iyer|C.P. Ramaswamy Aiyer]]<br /> <br /> [[C. R. Pattabhiraman|C.R. Pattabhiraman]]<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Ranganathan, C. V.}}<br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:Ambassadors of India to Ethiopia]]<br /> [[Category:Ambassadors of India to the Soviet Union]]<br /> [[Category:Ambassadors of India to China]]<br /> [[Category:Ambassadors of India to France]]<br /> [[Category:1935 births]]</div>

Evan692365 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ujjal_Singha&diff=542414 2025-07-26T05:59:26Z

<p>Evan692365: Made redirect</p> <hr /> <div>#REDIRECT [[List of Sahitya Akademi Award winners for Bengali]]<br /> {{r from related topic}}</div>

Evan692365 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Girindra_Nath_Gogoi&diff=500559 2025-07-07T07:45:46Z

<p>Evan692365: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian politician}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}<br /> {{Infobox officeholder<br /> | office = [[Minister of State]], Public Works Department<br /> | 1blankname = [[List of Chief Ministers of Assam|Chief Minister]]<br /> | 1namedata = [[Bimala Prasad Chaliha]]<br /> | spouse = Hiranyalata Gogoi<br /> | children = Pranab Kumar Gogoi <br /> Pratima Gohain<br /> Prabin Kumar Gogoi<br /> | party = [[Indian National Congress]]<br /> | office2 = Member of [[Assam Legislative Assembly]]<br /> | term2 = 1951 - 1967<br /> | predecessor2 = ''constituency established''<br /> | constituency2 = [[Sibsagar (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Sibsagar]]<br /> | successor2 = [[Promode Gogoi]]<br /> | occupation = Politician<br /> | office1 = Deputy Minister, [[Government of Assam]]<br /> | 1blankname1 = [[List of Chief Ministers of Assam|Chief Minister]]<br /> | 1namedata1 = [[Bishnu Ram Medhi]]<br /> | term1 = 1952 - 1957<br /> | term = 28 December 1957 - 1962<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Girindra Nath Gogoi''' was a former Member of [[Assam Legislative Assembly]] and [[Minister of State]] for Public Works Department (PWD). He was the father of former [[Speaker (politics)|Speaker]] and Minister [[Pranab Kumar Gogoi]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Assembly |first=Assam (India) Legislature Legislative |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=m0QgAQAAIAAJ |title=Debates; Official Report |date=1963 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2021-10-05 |title=Assam Legislative Assembly - Member |url=http://assamassembly.gov.in/pranab-kumar-gogoi.html |access-date=2022-03-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211005021915/http://assamassembly.gov.in/pranab-kumar-gogoi.html |archive-date=2021-10-05 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Political career ==<br /> In the [[1952 Assam Legislative Assembly election]], Gogoi was the [[Indian National Congress]] candidate for the constituency of [[Sibsagar (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Sibsagar]]. He received 11613 votes and became the [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]] of the constituency.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=🗳️ Girindranath Gogoi winner in Sibsagar, Assam Assembly Elections 1951: LIVE Results &amp; Latest News: Election Dates, Polling Schedule, Election Results &amp; Live Election Updates |url=https://www.latestly.com/elections/assembly-elections/assam/1951/sibsagar/ |access-date=2022-03-09 |website=LatestLY |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; He was made a deputy minister in [[Bishnuram Medhi|Bishnu Ram Medhi]]’s cabinet.&lt;ref name=&quot;:02&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Gogoi ministry |url=http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/50847/10/10_chapter%201.pdf |publisher=shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/ |accessdate=2018-11-05}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In the [[1957 Assam Legislative Assembly election]], Gogoi received 11638 votes and was reelected as the [[Indian National Congress]] candidate for Sibsagar.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=🗳️ Girindranath Gogoi winner in Sibsagar, Assam Assembly Elections 1957: LIVE Results &amp; Latest News: Election Dates, Polling Schedule, Election Results &amp; Live Election Updates |url=https://www.latestly.com/elections/assembly-elections/assam/1957/sibsagar/ |access-date=2022-03-09 |website=LatestLY |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In the [[1962 Assam Legislative Assembly election]], he received 12282 votes and was reelected.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=🗳️ Girindra Nath Gogoi winner in Sibsagar, Assam Assembly Elections 1962: LIVE Results &amp; Latest News: Election Dates, Polling Schedule, Election Results &amp; Live Election Updates |url=https://www.latestly.com/elections/assembly-elections/assam/1962/sibsagar/ |access-date=2022-03-09 |website=LatestLY |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; He became a Minister of State for the PWD.<br /> <br /> In the [[1967 Assam Legislative Assembly election|1967 Assam Legislative Assembly Election]], Gogoi received 9735 votes, losing to [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|Communist Party]] candidate [[Promode Gogoi]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=🗳️ P.C. Gogoi winner in Sibsagar, Assam Assembly Elections 1967: LIVE Results &amp; Latest News: Election Dates, Polling Schedule, Election Results &amp; Live Election Updates |url=https://www.latestly.com/elections/assembly-elections/assam/1967/sibsagar/ |access-date=2022-03-09 |website=LatestLY |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Personal life ==<br /> Gogoi was married to the late Hiranyalata Gogoi. They had a son, [[Pranab Kumar Gogoi]] (19 August 1936 – 3 February 2020) who also became MLA for Sibsagar and became a minister and Speaker. <br /> <br /> Their daughter Pratima Gohain married an engineer, Ghana Kanta Gohain.<br /> <br /> Their youngest son Prabin Kumar Gogoi was an eminent scholar, and an educationist. He held various important functions in the Education department in the Government of Assam.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Gogoi, Girindra Nath}}<br /> [[Category:Assam MLAs 1952–1957]]<br /> [[Category:Assam MLAs 1957–1962]]<br /> [[Category:Assam MLAs 1962–1967]]<br /> [[Category:Year of death missing]]<br /> [[Category:Year of birth missing]]<br /> [[Category:Place of birth missing]]<br /> [[Category:Place of death missing]]<br /> [[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Assam]]<br /> [[Category:People from Sivasagar district]]<br /> <br /> <br /> {{Assam-INC-politician-stub}}</div>

Evan692365 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Galla_Aruna_Kumari&diff=445208 2025-05-28T01:50:31Z

<p>Evan692365: cleanup</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian politician (born 1944)}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2016}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=September 2016}}<br /> {{Infobox officeholder<br /> | name = Galla Aruna Kumari <br /> | caption =<br /> | image = gallaruna_2009.jpg<br /> | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1944|08|01|df=y}}<br /> &lt;!-- Do not add flag icons to place of birth/death, per [[Bharatpedia:Don't overuse flags]] --&gt;<br /> | birth_place = [[Diguvamagham]], [[Madras Presidency]], [[British India]]&lt;br /&gt;(now in [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[India]])<br /> | residence = [[Film Nagar]], [[Hyderabad]], India<br /> | death_date = <br /> | death_place = <br /> | office1 = [[Kiran Kumar Reddy ministry|Minister for Mines &amp; Geology]]&lt;br&gt;[[United Andhra Pradesh|Government of United Andhra Pradesh]]<br /> | term_start1 = 24 November 2010<br /> | term_end1 = 21 February 2014<br /> | governor1 = [[E. S. L. Narasimhan]]<br /> | 1blankname1 = Chief Minister<br /> | 1namedata1 = [[Nallari Kiran Kumar Reddy]]<br /> | predecessor1 = [[Vijaya Ramaraju Setrucharla]]<br /> | successor1 = [[Peethala Sujatha]]<br /> | office2 = [[Second Y. S. Rajasekhara Reddy ministry|Minister of Roads Buildings]]&lt;br&gt;[[United Andhra Pradesh|Government of United Andhra Pradesh]]<br /> | term_start2 = 25 May 2009<br /> | term_end2 = 23 November 2010<br /> | governor2 = [[N. D. Tiwari]]<br /> | 1blankname2 = Chief Minister<br /> | 1namedata2 = [[Y. S. Rajasekhara Reddy]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Konijeti Rosaiah]]<br /> | predecessor2 = [[T. Jeevan Reddy]]<br /> | successor2 = Pithani Satyanarayana<br /> | office3 = [[First Y. S. Rajasekhara Reddy ministry|Minister of Medical Education &amp; Health Insurance]]&lt;br&gt;[[United Andhra Pradesh|Government of United Andhra Pradesh]]<br /> | term_start3 = 14 May 2004<br /> | term_end3 = 20 May 2009<br /> | governor3 = [[Surjit Singh Barnala]]&lt;br&gt;[[Sushilkumar Shinde]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Rameshwar Thakur]]&lt;br/&gt;[[N. D. Tiwari]]<br /> | 1blankname3 = Chief Minister<br /> | 1namedata3 = [[Y.S.Rajasekhara Reddy]]<br /> | predecessor3 = [[N. M. D. Farooq]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Nagam Janardhan Reddy]]<br /> | successor3 = [[Danam Nagender]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Sake Sailajanath]]<br /> | office4 = [[Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly|Member of Legislative Assembly]]&lt;br&gt; [[United Andhra Pradesh]]<br /> | term_start4 = 1999<br /> | term_end4 = 2014<br /> | predecessor4 = [[Nara Ramamurthy Naidu]]<br /> | successor4 = '''United Andhra Pradesh Assembly Divided'''<br /> | constituency4 = [[Chandragiri (Assembly constituency)|Chandragiri]]<br /> | term_start5 = 1989<br /> | term_end5 = 1994<br /> | predecessor5 = N. R. Jayadeva Naidu<br /> | successor5 = [[Nara Ramamurthy Naidu]]<br /> | constituency5 = [[Chandragiri (Assembly constituency)|Chandragiri]]<br /> | party = [[Telugu Desam Party]]&lt;br /&gt;({{small|2014 - present}})<br /> | otherparty = [[Indian National Congress]]&lt;br /&gt;({{small|1989 - 2014}})<br /> | spouse = [[Galla Ramachandra Naidu]] <br /> | children = [[Jay Galla|Jayadev Galla]]<br /> | nationality = [[India]]n<br /> | father = [[Paturi Rajagopala Naidu]]<br /> | }}<br /> {{family name hatnote|Galla|lang=Telugu}}'''Galla Aruna Kumari''' (born 1 August 1944) is an Indian politician. She is the daughter of former [[Lok Sabha|Indian parliamentarian]] and social activist [[Paturi Rajagopala Naidu]]. She is currently a polit buro member of the [[Telugu Desam Party]]. She was the Minister for Geology and Mines in the [[Government of Andhra Pradesh]], India&lt;ref name=&quot;AP Govt profile&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.portal.ap.gov.in/Government/Lists/Council%20of%20Ministers/DispForm.aspx?ID=24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090202202056/http://portal.ap.gov.in/Government/Lists/Council%20of%20Ministers/DispForm.aspx?ID=24 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2009-02-02 |title=Profile – Smt Aruna Kumari |publisher=Andhra Pradesh Govt |accessdate=2009-07-13 }}&lt;/ref&gt; and [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]] for the [[Chandragiri (Assembly constituency)|Chandragiri constituency]].&lt;ref name=&quot;AP election results&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.indian-elections.com/assembly-elections/andhra-pradesh/andhrapradesh-results-09.html|title=AP Assembly election results|publisher=Indian-Elections.com|pages=row 148|accessdate=2009-07-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090520082135/http://www.indian-elections.com/assembly-elections/andhra-pradesh/andhrapradesh-results-09.html|archive-date=20 May 2009|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; On 8 March 2014, she joined Telugu Desam Party.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Former Congress Minister Aruna Kumari Galla joins TDP with her Son|url=http://news.biharprabha.com/2014/03/former-congress-minister-aruna-kumari-galla-joins-tdp-with-her-son/|work=IANS|publisher=news.biharprabha.com|accessdate=8 March 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Aruna Kumari is married to [[Galla Ramachandra Naidu]], an industrialist and founder of [[Amara Raja Group]] of Companies.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.amararaja.co.in/|title=Amara Raja Batteries Limited|work=amararaja.co.in|access-date=12 August 2009|archive-date=3 June 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170603212811/https://amararaja.co.in/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite AV media|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hjYY_x9iE_w|title=Open Heart With RK – AP TDP Minister Galla Aruna Kumari – Full Episode|date=11 December 2011|work=YouTube}}{{cbignore}}{{Dead YouTube link|date=February 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; She has a B.S. in computer science from Lake View College. She worked for the [[Chrysler|Chrysler Corporation]] as computer programmer and departmental head for Management Information Systems in the sales division. Her prior roles in her political career include that of President of the Andhra Pradesh Mahila Congress and General Secretary, Pradesh Congress Committee. She was also the MLA for Chandragiri constituency from 1989 to 1994, 1999–2014 and Health Education and Insurance Minister &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news| url=http://www.hindu.com/2009/01/10/stories/2009011053810300.htm | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114150948/http://www.hindu.com/2009/01/10/stories/2009011053810300.htm | url-status=dead | archive-date=2012-01-14 | location=Chennai, India | work=[[The Hindu]] | title=IMA bats for Galla Aruna | date=2009-01-10}}&lt;/ref&gt; in the first term of [[Andhra Pradesh]] Chief Minister, late [[Y. S. Rajasekhara Reddy]], during which time, she was responsible for creating the universal health programme, ''Aarogyasri''. She also held the ministry for Roads and Buildings during second term of Congress government for some time. Aruna Kumari wrote several novels in [[Telugu language|Telugu]].<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist|2}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> {{Commons category|Aruna Kumari Galla}}<br /> <br /> {{authority control}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Galla, Aruna Kumari}}<br /> [[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Andhra Pradesh]]<br /> [[Category:Telugu politicians]]<br /> [[Category:1949 births]]<br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:Indian computer programmers]]<br /> [[Category:Politicians from Chittoor district]]<br /> [[Category:Andhra Pradesh MLAs 2009–2014]]<br /> [[Category:Telugu Desam Party politicians]]<br /> [[Category:State cabinet ministers of Andhra Pradesh]]<br /> [[Category:Indian women activists]]<br /> [[Category:Businesspeople from Andhra Pradesh]]<br /> [[Category:20th-century Indian women politicians]]<br /> [[Category:20th-century Indian politicians]]<br /> [[Category:21st-century Indian women politicians]]<br /> [[Category:Women scientists from Andhra Pradesh]]<br /> [[Category:Women state cabinet ministers of India]]<br /> [[Category:20th-century Indian businesswomen]]<br /> [[Category:20th-century Indian businesspeople]]<br /> [[Category:21st-century Indian businesswomen]]<br /> [[Category:21st-century Indian businesspeople]]<br /> [[Category:Amara Raja Group]]<br /> [[Category:Andhra Pradesh MLAs 1989–1994]]<br /> [[Category:Andhra Pradesh MLAs 1999–2004]]<br /> [[Category:Andhra Pradesh MLAs 2004–2009]]<br /> [[Category:Women members of the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]</div>

Evan692365 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Laddu_Baba_Temple&diff=511506 2025-02-15T07:17:08Z

<p>Evan692365: Adding a place</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Shiva temple in Odisha, India}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}<br /> [[File:Ladubaba_temple_(2).jpg|thumb|alt=Ladubaba temple|Ladubaba temple]]<br /> '''Laddu Baba Temple''' is a [[Hinduism|Hindu]] temple dedicated to [[Shiva]] worshipped as Laddukeshwar but affectionately called Laddu Baba in the town of Sharanakula in [[Nayagarh district]] of [[Odisha]], [[India]].&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.eodissa.com/travel/9-temples/24-saranakula-ladubaba-famous-siva-temple Saranakula Ladubaba Shiva Temple, Nayagarh]&lt;/ref&gt; The temple dating back to medieval times shows a fusion of Kalinga and Dravidian temple architecture. Unlike most other Hindu temples, the prayers have traditionally been conducted by priests belonging to low [[caste]]. The temple is an important pilgrimage for [[Shaivites]] in southern Odisha. [[Maha Shivaratri|Mahashivaratri]] is the major festival.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.odisha360.com/infopedia/5/242/saranakula-ladubaba Saranakula Ladubaba]&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{Shiva temples in Orissa}}<br /> {{coord |20.032038|85.085007|display=title}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Hindu temples in Nayagarh district]]<br /> <br /> <br /> {{Odisha-hindu-temple-stub}}</div>

Evan692365 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Misl&diff=464298 2024-03-30T17:42:16Z

<p>Evan692365: formatting fix</p> <hr /> <div>#REDIRECT [[Sikh Confederacy]]<br /> {{R from alternative title}}</div>

Evan692365 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Khuri&diff=509853 2024-03-25T02:42:29Z

<p>Evan692365: Adding a stub</p> <hr /> <div>'''Khuri''' may refer:<br /> <br /> ==Places==<br /> * [[Khuri, Iran]], a village in Kerman Province, Iran<br /> * [[Khuri Bari]], a village in Sikar district in Rajasthan state in India<br /> * [[Khuri Chhoti]], a village in Sikar district in Rajasthan state in India<br /> * Khuri Chhoti, a village in Jaipur Division in Rajasthan state in India<br /> <br /> ==People==<br /> * Elizabeth Khuri, co-founder of social website [[Goodreads]]<br /> * [[Fadlo R. Khuri]], Former chair at Emory University School of Medicine<br /> * [[Fuad Khuri]], Lebanese anthropologist<br /> * [[Philip Khuri Hitti]], Historian and professor at Harvard University<br /> * [[Yusuf Al-Khuri]], ancient translator and mathematician<br /> <br /> ==Others==<br /> * [[Khuri language]], one of the Central Iranian varieties of Iran<br /> <br /> == See also ==<br /> * [[Khouri]], a surname<br /> <br /> {{disambiguation|geo}}</div>

Evan692365 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Khandan-e-Abaqat&diff=509553 2024-03-07T14:15:18Z

<p>Evan692365: Redirect page</p> <hr /> <div>#REDIRECT [[Abaqati family]]</div>

Evan692365