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Kodungallur Assembly constituency

2026-05-08T15:48:51Z

Evajzp: started new pg.

{{Short description|Constituency of the Kerala legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Kodungallur
| type = SLA
| state = Kerala
| constituency_no = 73
| map_image = Cape of Kodungallur.jpg
| map_caption = Cape of [[Kodungallur]], where the [[Periyar (river)|River Periyar]] empties into [[Arabian Sea]].
| established = 1957
| reservation = None
| electors = 1,86,847 (2016)
| mla = [[O. J. Janeesh]]
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]
| alliance = {{legend2|#0087BD |'''[[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]]'''|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| latest_election_year = 2026
| district = [[Thrissur district|Thrissur]]
}}
'''Kodungallur State assembly constituency''' is one of the 140 [[Kerala Legislative Assembly|state legislative assembly]] constituencies in [[Kerala]]. It is also one of the seven [[Kerala Legislative Assembly|state legislative assembly]] constituencies included in [[Chalakudy Lok Sabha constituency]].<ref name="tsr">{{cite web
|url = http://www.ceo.kerala.gov.in/thrissur.html
|website = www.ceo.kerala.gov.in
|title = State Assembly constituencies in Thrissur district, Kerala.
|access-date = 10 March 2021
|archive-date = 12 March 2011
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110312073152/http://www.ceo.kerala.gov.in/thrissur.html
|url-status = dead
}}</ref> As of the [[2021 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|2021 assembly elections]], the current MLA is [[O. J. Janeesh]] of [[Indian National Congress|INC]].

==Local self-governed segments==
With The Redrawing Of Constituencies,Present Kodungallur Consists Of Major Parts Of Previous Mala Assembly Constituency,Which was represented by congress veteran [[K. Karunakaran]].

Kodungallur Assembly constituency is composed of the following local self-governed segments:<ref name="tsr"/>
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size: 95%;"
!width="30px" |Sl no.
!width="100px" |Name
!width="130px" |Status ([[Gram panchayat|Grama panchayat]]/[[Municipality]])
!width="100px" |[[Tehsil|Taluk]]
|-
|1
|[[Kodungallur]]
|Municipality
|[[Kodungallur]]
|-
|2
|[[Poyya]]
|Grama panchayat
|[[Kodungallur]]
|-
|3
|[[Annamanada]]
|Grama panchayat
|[[Chalakudy taluk|Chalakudy]]
|-
|4
|[[Kuzhur]]
|Grama panchayat
|[[Chalakudy taluk|Chalakudy]]
|-
|5
|[[Mala, Kerala|Mala]]
|Grama panchayat
|[[Chalakudy taluk|Chalakudy]]
|-
|6
|[[Puthenchira]]
|Grama panchayat
|[[Mukundapuram Taluk|Mukundapuram]]
|-
|7
|[[Vellangallur]]
|Grama panchayat
|[[Mukundapuram Taluk|Mukundapuram]]
|}

== Members of Legislative Assembly ==
The following list contains all members of [[Kerala Legislative Assembly]] who have represented the constituency:

{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Election
!Niyama Sabha
!Name
!colspan=2|Party
!Tenure
|-
|[[1957 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|1957]]
|1st
|[[E. Gopalakrishna Menon]]
|{{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India}}
|1957 – 1960
|-
|[[1960 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|1960]]
|2nd
|P. K. Abdul Khadir
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|1960 – 1965
|-
|[[1967 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
|3rd
| [[P. K. Gopalakrishnan]]
| {{Full party name with color|rowspan=8|Communist Party of India}}
|1967 – 1970
|-
|[[1970 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|1970]]
|4th
|E. Gopalakrishna Menon
|1970 – 1977
|-
|[[1977 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|1977]]
|5th
| rowspan="4" | [[V. K. Rajan]]
|1977 – 1980
|-
|[[1980 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|1980]]
|6th
|1980 – 1982
|-
|[[1982 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|1982]]
|7th
|1982 – 1987
|-
|[[1987 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|1987]]
|8th
|1987 – 1991
|-
|[[1991 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|1991]]
|9th
| rowspan="2" |[[Meenakshi Thampan]]
|1991 – 1996
|-
|[[1996 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|1996]]
|10th
|1996 – 2001
|-
|[[2001 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|2001]]
|11th
|Umesh Challiyil
|{{Full party name with color|Janathipathiya Samrakshana Samithy}}
|2001 – 2006
|-
|[[2006 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|2006]]
|12th
|[[K. P. Rajendran|K. P. Rajendan]]
| {{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India}}
|2006 – 2011
|-
| colspan=6 align=center|[[Delimitation Commission of India|''Major boundary changes'']]
|-
|[[2011 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|2011]]
|13th
|[[T. N. Prathapan]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|2011 – 2016
|-
|[[2016 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|2016]]
|14th
| rowspan="2" |[[V. R. Sunil Kumar]]
| {{Full party name with color|rowspan=2|Communist Party of India}}
|2016 – 2021
|-
|[[2021 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|2021]]
|15th
|Incumbent
|}
{{notelist}}

== Election results ==

=== Local body elections ===

=== 2025 ===
{| class="wikitable"
|SEGMENTS
|LDF
|NDA
|UDF
|IND
|T20
|
|LEADING ALLIANCE
|-
|KODUNGALLUR
|19058
|18373
|6984
|450
|0
|44865
|LDF
|-
|POYYA
|5797
|1788
|5992
|687
|0
|14264
|UDF
|-
|ANNAMANADA
|7859
|1930
|10058
|92
|746
|20685
|UDF
|-
|KUZHUR
|3960
|2386
|5615
|164
|636
|12761
|UDF
|-
|MALA
|7027
|4673
|8013
|713
|1098
|21524
|UDF
|-
|PUTHENCHIRA
|6025
|2431
|4917
|445
|572
|14390
|LDF
|-
|VELLANGALUR
|9678
|4040
|9279
|686
|0
|23683
|LDF
|-
|TOTAL
|59404
|35621
|50858
|3237
|3052
|152172
|
|-
|%
|39.03740504
|23.40837999
|33.42139158
|2.12719817
|2.005625214
|}

=== Assembly elections ===

===2026===

{{Election box begin | title=[[2026 Kerala Legislative Assembly election]]: Kodungallur}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Communist Party of India|candidate=[[V. R. Sunil Kumar]]|votes=56,854|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Indian National Congress|candidate=O.J Janeesh|votes=65,162|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=BJP|candidate=Dr. Varghese George|votes=23,933|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Aam Aadmi Party|candidate=Dr. K. M. Francis Roy|votes=447|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Bahujan Samaj Party|candidate=Ravi A. K.|votes=488|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Independent politician|candidate=Nandgopan Vellathadi|votes=284|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=None of the above|candidate=None of the above|votes=744|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box margin of victory|
|votes = 8308
|percentage = 5.66%
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|winner=INC gain from CPI ||swing=}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=147912|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2021 ===
There were 1,92,933 registered voters in the constituency for the 2021 election.<ref>{{cite web|title=Kerala Niyamasabha Election Results 2021, Election commission of India|url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3767-kerala-general-legislative-election-2021|website=eci.gov.in}}</ref>
{{Election box begin|title=[[2021 Kerala Legislative Assembly election]]: Kodungallur}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|party=Communist Party of India |candidate=V. R. Sunil Kumar|votes=71,457|percentage=47.99|change={{increase}}2.28|}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Indian National Congress|candidate=M. P. Jackson |votes=47,564|percentage=30.37|change={{increase}}1.57|}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=Santhosh Cherakkulam|votes=28,204|percentage=18.94|change=-|}}

{{Election box candidate with party link|party=None of the above|candidate=None of the above|votes=870|percentage=0.58|change=-}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Bahujan Samaj Party|candidate=Ramya Mohanan|votes=366|percentage=0.25|change=-}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist)|candidate=O. M. Sreeja|votes=270|percentage=0.18|change={{increase}}0.05}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Independent politician|candidate=Rajan Painat|votes=171|percentage=0.11|change=-}}

{{Election box margin of victory||votes=23,893|percentage=16.05|change=}}
{{Election box hold with party link|winner=Communist Party of India ||swing=}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=1,48,902|percentage=77.18|change={{decrease}}2.34}}

{{Election box end}}

=== 2016 ===
There were 1,90,675 registered voters in the constituency for the 2016 election.<ref>{{cite web|title=Kerala Niyamasabha Election Results 2016, Election commission of India|url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3767-kerala-general-legislative-election-2016|website=eci.gov.in}}</ref>

{{Election box begin|title=[[2016 Kerala Legislative Assembly election]]: Kodungallur}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Communist Party of India |candidate=V. R. Sunil Kumar|votes=67,909|percentage=45.71|change={{increase}}2.93|}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Indian National Congress|candidate=K. P. Dhanapalan|votes=45,118|percentage=30.37|change={{decrease}}19.74|}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Bharath Dharma Jana Sena|candidate=Sangeetha|votes=32,793|percentage=22.07|change=-|}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=None of the above|candidate=None of the above|votes=886|percentage=0.60|change=-}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Social Democratic Party of India|candidate=Manaf A. K.|votes=558|percentage=0.38|change=-|}}

{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Independent politician|candidate=Radhakrishnan C .K.|votes=411|percentage=0.28|change=-}}{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Bahujan Samaj Party|candidate=Subramanian|votes=367|percentage=0.25|change={{decrease}}0.23}}{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Independent politician|candidate=Rajan|votes=210|percentage=0.14|change=-}}{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist)|candidate=C. S. Krishnakumar|votes=200|percentage=0.13|change={{decrease}}0.13}}{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Independent politician|candidate=Joshy Kumar K. V.|votes=125|percentage=0.08|change=-}}{{Election box margin of victory||votes=22,791|percentage=15.04|change=}}
{{Election box gain with party link|winner=Communist Party of India |loser=Indian National Congress|swing=}}{{Election box turnout||votes=1,48,577|percentage=79.52|change={{increase}}3.38}}

{{Election box end}}

=== 2011 ===
There were 1,76,055 registered voters in the constituency for the 2011 election.<ref>{{cite web|title=Kerala Niyamasabha Election Results 2011, Election commission of India|url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3763-kerala-2011|access-date=11 March 2020|website=eci.gov.in}}</ref>

{{Election box begin|title=[[2011 Kerala Legislative Assembly election]]: Kodungallur}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Indian National Congress|candidate=T. N. Prathapan|votes=64,495|percentage=50.11|change=|}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Communist Party of India|candidate=K. G. Shivaanandan|votes=55,063|percentage=42.78|change=|}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=I. R. Vijayan|votes=6,732|percentage=5.23|change=|}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Bahujan Samaj Party|candidate=Ambily Unnikrishnan|votes=624|percentage=0.48|change=-}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Independent politician|candidate=Haridas K. B.|votes=461|percentage=0.36|change=|}}

{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Independent politician|candidate=Rajesh Appat|votes=377|percentage=0.29|change=}}{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Independent politician|candidate=Ally Ravi|votes=343|percentage=0.27|change=}}{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist)|candidate=Suja Anthony|votes=330|percentage=0.26|change=}}{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Independent politician|candidate=T. U. Radhakrishnan|votes=289|percentage=0.22|change=-}}{{Election box margin of victory||votes=9,432|percentage=7.33|change=}}
{{Election box gain with party link|winner=Indian National Congress|loser=Communist Party of India|swing=}}{{Election box turnout||votes=1,28,714|percentage=76.14|change=}}

{{Election box end}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Kerala Assembly Constituencies}}

[[Category:State assembly constituencies in Thrissur district]]
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Kerala]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1957]]
[[Category:1957 establishments in Kerala]]

Koushik Chowdhury

2026-05-08T11:50:09Z

Evajzp: started a article

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2026}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Koushik Chowdhury
| office = Member of the [[West Bengal Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start = 4 May 2026
| constituency = [[Raiganj Assembly constituency|Raiganj]]
| predecessor = [[Krishna Kalyani]]
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| profession = Politician Social worker
}}

'''Koushik Chowdhury''' is an Indian politician, social worker and member of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]. He was elected as a Member of the [[West Bengal Legislative Assembly]] from the [[Raiganj Assembly constituency|Raiganj]] constituency in the [[2026 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Koushik Chowdhury(Bharatiya Janata Party(BJP)):Constituency- RAIGANJ(UTTAR DINAJPUR) - Affidavit Information of Candidate: |url=https://www.myneta.info/WestBengal2026/candidate.php?candidate_id=319 |access-date=2026-05-06 |website=www.myneta.info}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Koushik Chowdhury (BJP) Candidate from RAIGANJ Constituency, Koushik Chowdhury Political Career, Age, Education, Election Result 2026 |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/assembly/west-bengal/candidate-koushik-chowdhury-8978 |access-date=2026-05-06 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Chowdhury, Koushik}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from West Bengal]]
[[Category:West Bengal MLAs 2026–2031]]
{{WestBengal-BJP-politician-stub}}

Monalisa Bagal

2026-05-06T07:57:19Z

Evajzp: Made New Bio

{{Short description|Indian film actress}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2019}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Monalisa Bagal
| image =
| caption =
| alt = Monalisa Bagal
| birth_name = Monalisa Bagal
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1996|02|10|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Lonavala]], [[Maharashtra]], India
| occupation = Actress
| years_active = 2014–present
}}

'''Monalisa Bagal''' (born 10 February 1996) is an Indian actress who works predominantly in Marathi cinema. She made her acting debut with the film ''[[Sau Shashi Deodhar]]'' (2014), directed by Sandeep Bhalachandra Kulkarni. Bagal gained wider recognition with her role in ''[[Zhalla Bobhata]]'' (2017), where her performance was critically appreciated.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bhirkit: Monalisa Bagal Unveils The Motion Poster Of Her Upcoming Film Of 2021 |url=https://www.spotboye.com/marathi/marathi-news/bhirkit-monalisa-bagal-unveils-the-motion-poster-of-her-upcoming-film-of-2021/5f9807064a28e37ba117bd2b |access-date=2023-05-16 |website=SpotboyE |language=en}}</ref>

Over the years, she has appeared in several Marathi films, including ''Prem Sankat'' (2016), ''Dry Day'' (2018), ''Sobat'' (2018), and ''Bhirkit'' (2022). Known for her expressive performances and versatility, Bagal has established herself as a rising talent in the Marathi film industry. In addition to her work in cinema, she has also appeared in television shows and short films. Her career continues to expand with upcoming projects across various genres.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-06-29 |title=Aiming for powerful roles |url=https://punemirror.com/entertainment/MarathiEntertainment/Aiming-for-powerful-roles/cid7932937.htm |access-date=2023-05-16 |website=Pune Mirror |language=en}}</ref>

As of 2025, Monalisa Bagal's public relations and digital presence are managed by Zielotech Software Private Limited.{{Citation needed|date=April 2025}}

==Career==
Monalisa Bagal begun career with the [[Sai Tamhankar]] starrer film ''[[Sau Shashi Deodhar]]'' and marked best role in ''[[Zhalla Bobhata]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-06-22 |title='टोटल हुबलाक'मध्ये मोनालिसाचा गावरान अंदाज! |url=https://www.loksatta.com/manoranjan/marathi-film-actress-monalisa-bagal-makes-tv-debut-with-total-hublak-ssj-93-2194085/ |access-date=2023-05-16 |website=Loksatta |language=mr}}</ref> She also appeared in ''Prem Sankat'', ''Dry Day'', ''Sobat'', ''Perfume and Bhirkit.''<ref>{{Cite web |title=कशी झाली मनोरंजन क्षेत्रात एन्ट्री? मोनालिसा बागलनं सांगितला प्रवास |url=https://maharashtratimes.com/entertainment/interview/marathi-actress-monalisa-bagal-talks-about-her-career-in-entertainment-industry/articleshow/87238670.cms |access-date=2023-05-16 |website=Maharashtra Times |language=mr}}</ref> In 2023, she is playing lead role in Anup Jagdale's [[period drama]] film ''[[Ravrambha]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Marathi |first=Planet |date=2023-03-15 |title=ओम आणि मोनालिसा उलगडणार 'रावरंभा' ची प्रेमकहाणी |url=https://planetmarathimagazine.com/2023/03/15/upcoming-marathi-movie-raavrambha-om-bhutkar-monalisa-bagal-new-poster-released/ |access-date=2023-05-16 |website=Planet Marathi |language=en-US}}</ref>

==Filmography==
''All movies are in Marathi, unless mentioned.''

===Films===
{{Pending films key}}
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year !! Film
!Role
|-
|2014
|''[[Sau Shashi Deodhar]]''
|
|-
| 2016|| ''Prem Sankat''
|
|-
| 2017|| ''[[Zhalla Bobhata]]''
|Priya
|-
| 2017 || ''Dry Day''
|
|-
| 2018 || ''Sobat''
|Gauri
|-
| 2019 || ''Perfume''
|
|-
|2021 || ''[[Gast (film)|Gast]]''
|Sujata
|-
|2021 || ''Current''
|
|-
|2022
|''[[Ka R Deva]]''
|Janhavi
|-
|2023
|''[[Ravrambha]]''
|Rambha
|-
|2025
|''[[Ambat Shaukin]]''
|
|-
|{{TableTBA}}
|{{Pending film|Kakul}}
|{{TableTBA}}
|}

=== Television ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Show
!Role
!Ref.
|-
|2020
|''[[Total Hublak]]''
|Bhagyashree
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Actress Monalisa Bagal shares about her role in serial Total Hublak - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/actor-monalisa-bagal-shares-about-her-role-in-serial-total-hublak/articleshow/76629823.cms|access-date=2021-10-05|website=The Times of India}}</ref>
|-
|2020-2021
|''[[Chala Hawa Yeu Dya]] Ladies Zindabad''
|Contestant
|
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb name|nm8690090}}
*
{{Portal|Bollywood|Biography}}{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bagal, Monalisa}}
[[Category:Indian actresses]]
[[Category:Actresses in Marathi cinema]]
[[Category:Indian television actresses]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1996 births]]

Anahat Singh

2026-05-05T20:55:51Z

Evajzp: put up new bio and citations

{{short description|Indian squash player (born 2008)}}
{{pp-pc|small=yes}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2026}}
{{Infobox squash player
| name = Anahat Singh
| country = {{IND}}
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|2008|3|13}}
| birth_place = [[New Delhi]], India
| education = [[The British School, New Delhi]]
| height = 1.65 m
| weight = 45 kg
| turnedpro = 2023
| retired =
| plays = Right-handed
| racquet = [[Dunlop Sport|Dunlop]]
| coach = {{ubl
| [[Saurav Ghosal]]
| [[Stéphane Galifi]]
| [[Grégory Gaultier]]
|}}
| event = Women's singles
| highest_ranking = 19
| date_of_highest_ranking = February 2026
| current_ranking = [https://www.psasquashtour.com/player/anahat-singh/ 19]
| date_of_current_ranking = February 2026
| WorldOpenresult =
| titles = 16
| finals = 18
| medaltemplates =
{{MedalSport|Women's [[squash (sport)|squash]]}} [[File:Squash pictogram.svg|30px]]
{{MedalCountry|{{IND}}}}
{{MedalCount
| total = yes
| [[Squash World Cup|World Cup]]
| 1
| 0
| 0
| [[Asian Games]]
| 0
| 0
| 2
| [[Asian Squash Championships|Asian Championships]]
| 2
| 0
| 2
| [[World Squash Junior Championships|World Junior Championships]]
| 0
| 0
| 1
| [[Asian Junior Squash Championships|Asian Junior Championships]]
| 3
| 0
| 3
}}
{{MedalComp|[[Squash World Cup|World Cup]]}}
{{MedalGold|[[2025 Squash World Cup|2025 Chennai]]|[[Squash World Cup#Editions and results|Team]]}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[Asian Games]]}}
{{MedalBronze|[[2022 Asian Games|2022 Hangzhou]]|[[Squash at the 2022 Asian Games – Women's team|Team]]}}
{{MedalBronze|[[2022 Asian Games|2022 Hangzhou]]|[[Squash at the 2022 Asian Games – Mixed doubles|Doubles]]}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[Asian Squash Championships|Asian Championships]]}}
{{Medal|Gold|[[Asian Doubles Squash Championships|2025 Kuala Lumpur]]|[[Asian Doubles Squash Championships#Mixed doubles|Doubles]]}}
{{Medal|Gold|[[Asian Doubles Squash Championships|2025 Kuala Lumpur]]|[[Asian Doubles Squash Championships#Women's doubles|Doubles]]}}
{{MedalBronze|[[2022 Women's Asian Squash Team Championships|2022 Cheongju]]|[[2022 Women's Asian Squash Team Championships#Final rankings|Team]]}}
{{MedalBronze|[[Asian Doubles Squash Championships|2023 Hangzhou]]|[[Asian Doubles Squash Championships#Mixed doubles|Doubles]]}}
{{Medal|Competition|[[World Squash Junior Championships|World Junior Championships]]}}
{{Medal|Bronze|[[2025 World Squash Junior Championships|2025 Cairo]]|[[2025 World Squash Junior Championships#Final Four|Singles]]}}
{{Medal|Competition|[[Asian Junior Squash Championships|Asian Junior Championships]]}}
{{Medal|Gold|[[Asian Junior Individual Squash Championships|2022 Na Chom Thian]]|[[Asian Junior Individual Squash Championships#Girls Under 15|Singles]]}}
{{Medal|Gold|[[Asian Junior Individual Squash Championships|2023 Dalian]]|[[Asian Junior Individual Squash Championships#Girls Under 17|Singles]]}}
{{Medal|Gold|[[Asian Junior Individual Squash Championships|2025 Gimcheon]]|[[Asian Junior Individual Squash Championships#Girls Under 19|Singles]]}}
{{Medal|Bronze|[[Asian Junior Individual Squash Championships|2019 Macau]]|[[Asian Junior Individual Squash Championships#Girls Under 13|Singles]]}}
{{Medal|Bronze|[[Asian Junior Team Squash Championships|2023 Chennai]]|[[Asian Junior Team Squash Championships#Girls' championship|Team]]}}
{{Medal|Bronze|[[Asian Junior Team Squash Championships|2025 Hong Kong]]|[[Asian Junior Team Squash Championships#Girls' championship|Team]]}}
| psa_id = anahat-singh
}}

'''Anahat Singh''' (born 13 March 2008)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Anahat Singh {{!}} Overview |url=https://www.psasquashtour.com/player/anahat-singh/ |access-date=2024-09-16 |website=PSA Squash Tour |language=en-GB}}</ref> is an Indian [[Squash (sport)|squash]] player.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-03-26 |title=Squash: How Anahat Singh is focussing on the long-game as she takes up the senior circuit challenge |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/sport-others/squash-anahat-singh-long-game-indian-open-senior-circuit-9907935/lite/ |access-date=2025-03-28 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> She has won a gold medal at the [[Squash World Cup|World Cup]], two gold medals at the [[Asian Squash Championships|Asian Championships]], and a bronze medal at the [[World Squash Junior Championships|World Junior Championships]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=On winning run, Anahat underlines promise once again |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/sports/others/on-winning-run-anahat-underlines-promise-once-again-101743182980208.html |website=Hindustan Times|date=28 March 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Singh |first=Kanika |date=2024-01-10 |title=Once a Badminton Enthusiast, 15-Year-Old Anahat Singh is Now a Squash Prodigy |url=https://www.thequint.com/sports/once-a-badminton-enthusiast-15-year-old-anahat-singh-is-now-a-squash-prodigy |access-date=2024-11-09 |website=TheQuint |language=en}}</ref>

In 2025, Singh won ''Young Player of the Year'' and ''Challenger Player of the Year'' at the [[PSA Awards]].<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2025-06-08 |title=Anahat Singh wins two PSA Player of the Season honours |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/squash/anahat-singh-psa-awards-2024-25-womens-player-of-the-year-young-india-talent-squash-titles/article69671327.ece |access-date=2025-07-25 |website=sportstar.thehindu.com |language=en}}</ref>

==Early life==
Singh was born in [[New Delhi]] on 13 March 2008 to Tani Vadehra and Gursharan Singh. While her mother is an interior designer, her father is a lawyer. Both her parents used to play field hockey.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-08-21 |title=Who is Anahat Singh – How a PV Sindhu fan became India's squash sensation |url= https://olympics.com/en/news/who-is-anahat-singh-india-women-squash-player|access-date=2023-09-29 |website=olympic.com |language=en}}</ref> Her uncle used to play tennis.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-04-24 |title=India's youngest Asiad medallist, now only woman at World Championships: The making of Anahat Singh |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/more-sports/others/indias-youngest-asiad-medallist-now-only-woman-at-world-championships-the-making-of-anahat-singh/articleshow/120580684.cms |access-date=2025-04-26 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> Inspired by [[P. V. Sindhu]], a five year old Singh began playing badminton.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Junior British Open Champ Anahat Singh hopes to be India's squash face in LA '28 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/more-sports/others/junior-british-open-champ-anahat-singh-hopes-to-be-indias-squash-face-in-la-28/articleshow/117135790.cms |access-date=2025-01-13 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> Singh watched her and dreamt of victory at the Olympics.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Anahat Singh, India's No. 1 squash player chases Olympic success |url=https://www.olympics.com/en/video/anahat-singh-india-number-1-squash-player-deep-dive |website=Olympics}}</ref>

She used to accompany her sister Amira who played squash.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Anahat Singh up for squash world championship, but Olympic medal is ultimate goal |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/more-sports/others/anahat-singh-up-for-squash-world-championship-but-olympic-medal-is-ultimate-goal/articleshow/120953050.cms |access-date=2025-05-10 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> After playing a few squash tournaments where she performed well, she grew fond of it and switched to the sport.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-07-28 |title=CWG 2022: Meet Anahat Singh, the 14-year-old squash player making her India debut at CWG |url=https://www.espn.in/commonwealth-games/story/_/id/34306565/cwg-2022-anahat-singh-14-year-old-squash-player-india-debut |access-date=2022-07-29 |website=ESPN |language=en}}</ref>

==Career==
===Early beginnings (2019–2022)===
Singh first rose to prominence after winning the U11 title at the [[British Junior Open Squash|British Junior Open]] in 2019.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Five nations share British Junior Open honours on thrilling finals day – Professional Squash Association |url=https://psaworldtour.com/news/view/6053/five-nations-share-british-junior-open-honours-on-thrilling-finals-day |access-date=2022-07-29 |website=psaworldtour.com|date=7 January 2019 }}</ref> This was followed by the European Junior Open, the [[Dutch Junior Open Squash|Dutch Junior Open]] and the Scottish Junior Open titles the same year.<ref>{{Cite web |last=stevecubbins |date=2019-07-14 |title=Dutch Junior Open : Finals Day |url=https://thesquashsite.com/dutch-junior-open-2019 |access-date=2022-07-29 |website=SquashSite – all about Squash |language=en-GB}}</ref> In 2021, she won the US Junior Open title by defeating [[Jayda Marei]] from Egypt. The next year, she won the German Junior Open, the Dutch Junior Open and the U15 title at the [[Asian Junior Squash Individual Championships|Asian Junior Championships]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Asian Junior Squash: India's Anahat Singh wins U-15 title |url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/sports/asian-junior-squash-indias-anahat-singh-wins-u-15-title |access-date=2022-07-29 |website=Free Press Journal |language=en}}</ref> At the age of 14, she became the youngest to represent India at the [[2022 Commonwealth Games]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nag |first=Utathya |title=Who is Anahat Singh – How a PV Sindhu fan became India's squash sensation |url=https://olympics.com/en/news/who-is-anahat-singh-india-women-squash-player |access-date=29 July 2022 |website=[[Olympic Games|Olympics]]}}</ref>

===Asian Junior Champion & Asian Games medalist (2023)===
Singh started off her year by winning the 2023 edition of the [[British Junior Open Squash|British Junior Open]] in the U15 category after beating Egypt's [[Sohaila Hazem]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cubbins |first=Steve |date=2023-01-08 |title=2023 Day Five – FINALS Day |url=https://britishjunioropen.com/2023-day-five/ |access-date=2023-01-11 |website=British Junior Open |language=en-GB}}</ref> In August, she won the U17 title at the [[Asian Junior Squash Individual Championships|Asian Junior Championships]] held in [[Dalian]], [[China]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-08-20 |title=Anahat Singh wins gold in Asian Junior Squash Championships |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/squash/anahat-singh-wins-gold-asian-junior-squash-championships-china-under17-category/article67216079.ece |access-date=2023-08-21 |website=Sportstar |language=en}}</ref> She then won two bronze at the [[2022 Asian Games]] in both the [[Squash at the 2022 Asian Games – Mixed doubles|mixed doubles]] category with [[Abhay Singh (squash player)|Abhay Singh]] and in the [[Squash at the 2022 Asian Games – Women's team|women's team]] event.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Palshikar |first=Prathamesh |date=5 October 2023 |title=Asian Games 2023 squash: India win two gold medals in Hangzhou - results, scores and medal winners |url=https://olympics.com/en/news/asian-games-2023-hangzhou-squash-india-results-scores |access-date=3 January 2024 |website=[[Olympics]]}}</ref> Singh became the senior national champion in November after [[Tanvi Khanna]] retired in the finals due to an injury.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-11-23 |title=Senior National Squash C'ships: 15-year-old teenage sensation Anahat Singh becomes youngest title winner in 23 years |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/sports/others/senior-national-squash-c-ships-15-year-old-teenage-sensation-anahat-singh-becomes-youngest-title-winner-in-23-years-101700740767385.html |access-date=2024-01-03 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref> She is the youngest national champion and the youngest Indian to win a medal at the [[Asian Games]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-03-15 |title=Target Olympics 2028: Squash sensation Anahat Singh reveals Los Angeles dreams |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/other-sports/story/olympics-2028-squash-sensation-anahat-singh-reveals-los-angeles-dreams-2515446-2024-03-15 |access-date=2024-12-23 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref> Singh ended the year on a high by winning the U19 title at the Scottish Junior Open by defeating home player [[Robyn McAlpine]] 11-6, 11-1, 11-5.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-12-31 |title=Anahat Singh Wins U-19 Girls' Title at Scottish Junior Open Squash |url=https://www.news18.com/sports/anahat-singh-wins-u-19-girls-title-at-scottish-junior-open-squash-8723562.html |access-date=2024-01-03 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref>

===9 tour titles, into top 90 (2024)===
In January, Singh finished as a runner-up in Girls U17 category at the [[British Junior Open Squash|British Junior Open]] after a loss to [[Nadien Elhammamy]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sportstar |first=Team |date=2024-01-07 |title=British Junior Open 2024: Anahat Singh loses to Elhammamy in final, settles with silver; Aryaveer Dewan bags bronze |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/squash/anahat-singh-loses-nadien-elhammamy-wins-silver-british-junior-open-u-17-girls-singles-result-report-news/article67716496.ece |access-date=2024-01-26 |website=Sportstar |language=en}}</ref> In the same month, she won her first [[Professional Squash Association|PSA Tour]] title at the JSW Willingdon LMS Tournament after defeating Japan's [[Erisa Sano Herring]] 11-4, 11-3, 11-7.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Banks |first=Jonty |date=2024-01-17 |title=Anahat & Abhay Singh capture titles at JSW Willingdon Little Masters & Senior Tournament |url=https://www.psaworldtour.com/challenger-tour/anahat-abhay-singh-capture-titles-at-jsw-willingdon-little-masters-senior-tournament/ |access-date=2024-01-26 |website=PSA World Tour |language=en-GB}}</ref> This was followed by a win at the Hamdard Squashters Northern Slam in April where she defeated Korean [[Hwayeong Eum]] 11-6, 11-4, 11-5.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nag |first=Utathya |date=27 April 2024 |title=Anahat Singh wins singles title at Hamdard Squashters Northern Slam 2024 |url=https://olympics.com/en/news/hamdard-squashsters-northern-slam-2024-india-results-anahat-singh-suraj |access-date=17 June 2024 |website=[[Olympic Games|Olympics]]}}</ref> Her third title came in June at the HCL Squash Tour Chennai on defeating compatriot [[Rathika Seelan]] 11-5, 11-3, 11-3.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nag |first=Utathya |date=8 June 2024 |title=HCL Squash Tour Chennai 2024: Anahat Singh wins third PSA title on the trot |url=https://olympics.com/en/news/hcl-squash-tour-chennai-2024-anahat-singh-women-singles-winner-results |access-date=17 June 2024 |website=[[Olympic Games|Olympics]]}}</ref> During the final of the Dynam Cup SQ-Cube Open, she gave her opponent [[Ruqayya Salem]] from Egypt a walkover due an injury.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sachdeva |first=Nihit |date=2025-05-08 |title=Anahat Singh interview: Transition to senior circuit, Squash World Championships debut and LA 2028 Olympics dream |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/squash/anahat-singh-squash-interview-world-championships-debut-la-2028-olympics-dream/article69548179.ece/ |access-date=2025-05-10 |website=sportstar.thehindu.com |language=en}}</ref> Singh proceeded to win the PSA Challenge 3 against Sri Lankan [[Chanithma Sinaly]] scoring 11-0, 11-1, 11-4 in the final.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kaul |first=Ipsita |date=2025-09-25 |title=Squash Sensation Anahat Singh Is Seventeen, World-Class, And Just Getting Started |url=https://elle.in/life-culture/sports/squash-sensation-anahat-singh-is-seventeen-world-class-and-just-getting-started-10501190 |access-date=2025-09-26 |website=Elle India |language=en}}</ref>

Her fifth title was HCL Squash Tour Kolkata where she defeated Filipino [[Jemyca Aribado]] 11-5, 11-3, 11-7. Then, she won Costa North Coast Open by defeating [[Akari Midorikawa]] from Japan by 11-6, 11-6, 11-7. She won the NSW Open against Hong Kong's [[Helen Tang]] with a score of 8-11, 11-6, 11-3, 11-4.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Teenager Anahat ready for senior world squash debut |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/sports/others/teenager-anahat-ready-for-senior-world-squash-debut-101746549975723-amp.html |website=Hindustan Times |date=6 May 2025 }}</ref> The Sunil Verma Memorial saw her defeating fellow Indian [[Shameena Riaz]] 11-4, 11-3, 11-1. Singh's last title of the year was the Western India Slam where she defeated India's #1 and her higher ranked fellow [[Akanksha Salunkhe]] 11-8, 11-8, 11-8. She won nine tour titles in 2024, becoming the first woman to do so in a year since [[Nicol David]] back in 2010.<ref>{{Cite web |title='I enjoy my success, forget about it and move on to what I'm working towards next': Anahat Singh - The Economic Times |url=https://m.economictimes.com/news/sports/i-enjoy-my-success-forget-about-it-and-move-on-to-what-im-working-towards-next-anahat-singh/articleshow/121005949.cms |access-date=2025-05-10 |website=m.economictimes.com |last1=Chaudhary |first1=Amit |date=9 May 2025 }}</ref> She had 38 wins out of 40 matches, 31 of them with a dominant 3–0 scoreline. She was also featured in [[Professional Squash Association|PSA Squash Tour]]'s list of players to watch out for.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sheen |first=Connor |date=2024-12-29 |title=Ones to Watch in 2025 |url=https://www.psasquashtour.com/news/ones-to-watch-in-2025/ |access-date=2024-12-29 |website=PSA Squash Tour |language=en-GB}}</ref> Singh also broke into the top 100 and jumped 51 total spots to reach her highest world ranking of 82.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Anahat Singh aspires to be the face of India's Olympic squash dreams at LA 2028 |url=https://www.olympics.com/en/news/anahat-singh-india-squash-la-2028-olympics-hopes |website=Olympics}}</ref>

=== World Cup victory, Asian Champion, into top 30 (2025) ===
Singh started off the year by winning [[British Junior Open Squash|British Junior Open]] again at the 2025 edition.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=PTI |last2=ThePrint |date=2025-01-06 |title=Anahat Singh lifts British Junior Open title |url=https://theprint.in/sport/anahat-singh-lifts-british-junior-open-title/2434032/?amp |access-date=2025-01-07 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US}}</ref> She defeated Egyptian [[Malika Elkaraksy]] with a score of 4-11, 11-9, 6-11, 11-5, 11-3. This was her third title at the tournament.<ref>{{Cite web |last=PTI |date=2025-01-07 |title=India's Squash Star Anahat Singh Wins British Junior Open Under-17 Title |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/sports/others/india-squash-star-anahat-singh-wins-british-junior-open-under-17-title-beats-egypt-malika-el-karaksy-match-report |access-date=2025-01-07 |website=Outlook India |language=en}}</ref> At the 2025 [[Asian Junior Team Squash Championships|Asian Junior Team Championships]], she won every match without losing a single set.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-02-15 |title=Asian Junior Team C'ships: India falls short in semi-final despite Anahat's victory |url=https://thebridge.in/squash/asian-junior-team-cships-anahat-india-loses-semi-final-52087 |access-date=2025-02-16 |website=The Bridge - Home of Indian Sports |language=en}}</ref> Since her fellow members lost their matches, the team settled for a bronze.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Asian Junior Team Squash Championships 2025: India return with two bronze medals |url=https://www.olympics.com/en/news/asian-junior-team-squash-championships-2025-india-bronze-medal-report |website=Olympics}}</ref>

In March, she won the SRFI Indian Tour 11-6, 8-11, 11-8, 11-5 against compatriot [[Akanksha Salunkhe]] in the final.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Venkatesan |first=S. Prasanna |date=2025-03-21 |title=SRFI Indian Tour Squash Championship: Anahat, Chotrani clinch women's and men's finals |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/squash/srfi-indian-tour-squash-championship-anahat-singh-veer-chotrani-win-women-men-finals-psa-titles/article69358301.ece/ |access-date=2025-03-21 |website=sportstar.thehindu.com |language=en}}</ref> In the same month, she won the Indian Open with a dominant 11-9, 11-5, 11-8 win against [[Helen Tang]] of Hong Kong.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-03-28 |title=17-year-old Anahat Singh beats Helen Tang to clinch Indian Open squash women's title |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/other-sports/story/anahat-singh-beats-helen-tang-to-clinch-indian-open-squash-womens-title-2700852-2025-03-28 |access-date=2025-03-28 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref> Winning back-to-back challenger 15 titles placed her at 62 in world rankings, a career high for her.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-03-29 |title=Teenager Anahat Singh leads Indian squash's hope for Olympic glory |url=https://www.espn.in/espn/story/_/id/44455381/teenager-anahat-singh-leads-indian-squash-hope-olympic-glory |access-date=2025-03-31 |website=ESPN |language=en}}</ref> During the WSC Asia qualifier, she defeated Hong Kong's [[Toby Tse]] 11-4, 9-11, 11-2, 11-8 to qualify for her first [[World Squash Championships]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sportstar |first=Team |date=2025-04-20 |title=Veer, Anahat qualify for Squash World Championships |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/squash/anahat-singh-veer-chotrani-qualify-squash-world-championships-2025/article69470718.ece/ |access-date=2025-04-20 |website=sportstar.thehindu.com |language=en}}</ref> She is the youngest Indian to contest the WSC.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-04-21 |title=Anahat Singh Makes History As The Youngest Indian To Qualify For World Championships |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/sports/anahat-singh-makes-history-youngest-indian-to-qualify-for-world-championships-article-151460734/amp |access-date=2025-04-26 |website=Times Now |language=en}}</ref>

During the first round of the [[2025 Women's World Squash Championship|2025 WSC]], she caused an upset by defeating world number 28, [[Marina Stefanoni]] of the United States, by 10-12, 11-9, 6-11, 11-6, 11-6.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sportstar |first=Team |date=2025-05-10 |title=Indian sports wrap, May 10: Anahat, Veer, Abhay advance to the second round of Squash World Championships |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/other-sports/indian-sports-news-scores-results-may-10-highlights-updates/article69560278.ece/ |access-date=2025-05-10 |website=sportstar.thehindu.com |language=en}}</ref> The second round was against world number 15 [[Fayrouz Aboelkheir]] of Egypt. She lost the match but skilfully managed to snag a set from her.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-05-12 |title=World Squash Championships: Indian challenge ends in second round |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/sport-others/world-squash-championships-indian-challenge-ends-in-second-round-9997680/ |access-date=2025-05-13 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

At the [[British Open Squash Championships|British Open]] qualifiers, Singh defeated higher ranked [[Marie Stephan]] of France 11-9, 11-8, 11-6 to enter the main draw. She is the youngest in the draw since [[Nour El Sherbini]] in 2012.<ref>{{Cite web |last=SquashSite |date=2025-05-29 |title=Qualifying Day Three : FINALS Day |url=https://britishopensquash.info/2025-qualifying-finals/ |access-date=2025-05-29 |website=GillenMarkets British Open Squash |language=en-GB}}</ref> The first round saw her win over [[Lisa Aitken]] of Scotland 11-3, 6-11, 11-8, 11-3. Next round was against WR 9 [[Sivasangari Subramaniam]] of Malaysia. She lost 10-12, 11-9, 8-11, 7-11 but snagged a set from her.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=British Open 2025: Anahat Singh's spirited run ends in second round |url=https://thebridge.in/squash/anahat-singh-exit-british-open-2025-53417 |access-date=2025-06-04 |website=The Bridge - Home of Indian Sports |language=en}}</ref>

Singh won her first end of the season [[PSA Awards]] after being voted Young Player of the Year and Challenger Player of the Year.<ref>{{Cite web |title=PSA Awards 2024-25: Indian squash star Anahat Singh bags two Player of the Season honours |url=https://www.olympics.com/en/news/anahat-singh-psa-awards-2024-25-squash |website=Olympics}}</ref> At the [[Asian Doubles Squash Championships|2025 Asian Doubles Championships]], she struck gold in both the women's and mixed doubles events with her partners [[Joshna Chinappa]] and [[Abhay Singh (squash player)|Abhay Singh]] respectively.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Asian Squash Doubles Championship 2025: Anahat-Abhay clinch two titles each as India wins three gold medals |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/sports/asian-squash-doubles-championship-2025-anahat-abhay-clinch-two-titles-each-as-india-wins-three-gold-medals/ |access-date=2025-06-26 |website=The Tribune |language=en}}</ref> She next won the [[Asian Junior Individual Squash Championships|Asian Junior Championship]] in the under 19 category, having previously won the under 15 and 17 titles as well.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Asian Junior Squash Championships 2025: India's Anahat Singh wins U19 girls' title |url=https://www.olympics.com/en/news/asian-junior-squash-championships-2025-final-report-winners-u19-anahat-singh |website=Olympics}}</ref>

Singh was seeded second at the [[2025 World Squash Junior Championships|2025 World Junior Championships]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-07-07 |title=Players, seedings and draws announced for World Squash Junior Championships |url=https://wsfworldjuniors.com/players-seedings-and-draws-announced-for-world-squash-junior-championships/ |access-date=2025-07-13 |website=WSF World Junior Squash Championships |language=en-GB}}</ref> She became the first Indian woman to reach the semi-finals of the event in 15 years.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-07-24 |title=Singh sole survivor against irresistible Egyptian tide in quarter-finals |url=https://wsfworldjuniors.com/singh-sole-survivor-against-irresistible-egyptian-tide-in-quarter-finals/ |access-date=2025-07-25 |website=WSF World Junior Squash Championships |language=en-GB}}</ref> She clinched the bronze after losing the semi-finals to [[Nadien Elhammamy]] 11-6, 14-12, 12-10.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Teen Prodigy Anahat Singh Wins Bronze At World Junior Squash Championships |url=https://www.news18.com/sports/teen-prodigy-anahat-singh-wins-bronze-at-world-junior-squash-championships-ws-l-9464051.html |access-date=2025-07-26 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref> She was featured in [[Professional Squash Association|PSA]]'s list of women to watch out for.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Season Preview: Ones to Watch Women |url=https://www.psasquashtour.com/news/season-preview-ones-to-watch-women-2/ |access-date=2025-08-16 |website=www.psasquashtour.com}}</ref> She cruised into the final of the 2025 Bega Open, but an ankle injury led to her not being able to perform her best.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ali |first=Qaiser Mohammad |date=2025-09-06 |title=I want to be world No.1 one day, says rising squash star Anahat Singh |url=https://thepatriot.in/sport/i-want-to-be-world-no-1-one-day-says-rising-squash-star-anahat-singh-75397 |access-date=2025-09-08 |website=The Patriot |language=en-US}}</ref> This led to a 11-9, 5-11, 8-11, 4-10 loss after having to retire, making Singh the runners up of her very first copper world tour event.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-08-18 |title=Squash player Anahat Singh retires hurt in Bega Open final |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/sports/squash-player-anahat-singh-retires-hurt-in-bega-open-final/articleshow/123350570.cms |access-date=2025-08-18 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref>

At the Canadian Open, her first silver tour event, she defeated WR 20 [[Mélissa Alves]] to reach the quarterfinals.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sportstar |first=Team |date=2025-10-27 |title=Indian sports wrap, October 27: Anahat Singh stuns world No. 20 to reach Canadian Open quarterfinals |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/other-sports/indian-sports-news-roundup-october-27-scores-results-highlights-updates/article70208185.ece |access-date=2025-10-29 |website=sportstar.thehindu.com |language=en}}</ref> She then stunned WR 7 [[Tinne Gilis]] to enter the semi-finals.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sportstar |first=Team |date=2025-10-29 |title=Anahat Singh stuns world No. 7 Tinne Gilis to storm into Canadian Open semifinals |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/squash/anahat-singh-tinne-gilis-canadian-open-squash-2025-semifinal-psa-silver/article70215470.ece |access-date=2025-10-29 |website=sportstar.thehindu.com |language=en}}</ref> During the China Open, she defeated [[Menna Hamed]] of Egypt by 11-6, 11-8, 11-3.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sportstar |first=Team |date=2025-11-11 |title=Indian sports wrap, November 11: Anahat Singh begins China Open campaign with win |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/other-sports/india-sports-news-results-scores-highlights-updates-november-11-wrap/article70265757.ece |access-date=2025-11-12 |website=Sportstar |language=en}}</ref> At the SRFI Indian Open, she defeated veteran compatriot [[Joshna Chinappa]] 11-8, 11-13, 11-9, 6-11, 11-9 to win the home title.<ref>{{Cite web |title=17-year-old Anahat Singh triumphs over Joshna Chinappa to win SRFI Indian Open 2025 |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/sports/17-year-old-anahat-singh-triumphs-over-joshna-chinappa-to-win-srfi-indian-open-2025/ |access-date=2025-11-24 |website=The Tribune |language=en}}</ref> This also boosted her to WR 29, breaking into top 30. Singh was felicitated with the Certificate of Excellence and included in the World Book of Records for her squash achievements.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Anahat Singh Honoured by World Book of Records for Outstanding Achievement in Squash |url=https://worldbookofrecords.uk/news/anahat-singh-honoured-by-world-book-of-records-for-outstanding-achievement-in-squash |access-date=2025-11-24 |website=World Book of Records |language=en}}</ref>

At the HCL Squash Tour Chennai, she won her 14th title, defeating Chinappa with a scoreline of 11-8, 11-13, 11-13, 11-6, 11-8.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Anahat continues winning run over veteran Chinappa, captures fourth squash title of season |url=https://www.aninews.in/news/sports/others/anahat-continues-winning-run-over-veteran-chinappa-captures-fourth-squash-title-of-season20251205182213 |access-date=2025-12-06 |website=www.aninews.in |language=en}}</ref> Singh ended the year by being a part of the team that won the [[2025 Squash World Cup|2025 World Cup]], bringing home the first SWC title for India.<ref name=":1">{{Cite news |date=2025-12-15 |title=Squash World Cup: India claim maiden title, blank Hong Kong 3-0 in final |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/more-sports/others/squash-world-cup-india-claim-maiden-title-blank-hong-kong-3-0-in-final/articleshow/125970950.cms |access-date=2025-12-15 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

==Coaching record==
At the start of her career, Singh was coached by Amjad Khan and Ashraf Hussain, followed by Ritwick Bhattacharya.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Squash prodigy Anahat Singh becomes No. 1 in Europe, Asia and India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/more-sports/others/squash-prodigy-anahat-singh-becomes-no-1-in-europe-asia-and-india/articleshow/73615808.cms |access-date=2025-01-12 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> Since a couple of years, she is coached by both [[Stéphane Galifi]] and [[Grégory Gaultier]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Venkatesan |first=S. Prasanna |date=2023-11-21 |title=Anahat Singh 'looks like a shrimp, but moves like a lion', says her coach Stephane Galifi |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/squash/anahat-singhs-coach-stephane-galifi-talks-about-india-squash-prodigys-future/article67559270.ece/ |access-date=2024-10-16 |website=sportstar.thehindu.com |language=en}}</ref> Indian squash icon [[Saurav Ghosal]] is her mentor and helps her decide which tournaments to play.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Keerthivasan |first=K. |date=2024-11-07 |title=Playing for experience is over, now is the time to win |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sport/other-sports/playing-for-experience-is-over-now-is-the-time-to-win/article68842701.ece/ |access-date=2024-11-09 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> He joined her team consisting of Galifi and Gaultier in 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-07-31 |title=Teen squash star Anahat charts the path for excellence |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/sports/others/teen-squash-star-anahat-charts-the-path-for-excellence-101753980152034.html |access-date=2025-08-16 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|-
!Duration
!Coach
!Ref
|-
|2019
|{{flagicon|IND}} Amjad Khan
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-07-30 |title=Meet 14-year-old Anahat Singh, India's Youngest Athlete At the 2022 Commonwealth Games |url=https://www.indiatimes.com/trending/human-interest/anahat-singh-squash-commonwealth-games-2022-576027.html |access-date=2025-01-12 |website=Indiatimes |language=en-IN}}</ref>
|-
|2019
|{{flagicon|IND}} Ashraf Hussain
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Chauhan |first=Anukul |date=2024-11-06 |title=Road to LA 2028: Anahat Singh will be India's best bet for medal in squash |url=https://www.insidesport.in/chak-de-india/road-to-la-2028-olympics-anahat-singh-will-be-india-best-bet-for-medal-in-squash/ |access-date=2025-01-12 |website=Inside Sport India |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|2019–2022
|{{flagicon|IND}} Ritwick Bhattacharya
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-07-29 |title=Meet 14-year old squash player Anahat Singh, the youngest member of India's Birmingham Commonwealth Games 2022 contingent |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/meet-14-year-old-squash-player-anahat-singh-the-youngest-member-of-indias-birmingham-commonwealth-games-2022-contingent-8059529/ |access-date=2025-03-22 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|2020
|{{flagicon|IND}} Dharmender Wenwal
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-07-27 |title=India at CWG 2022: Teen titan Anahat Singh breaks the mould for Games debut |url=https://www.firstpost.com/sports/india-at-cwg-2022-teen-titan-anahat-singh-breaks-the-mould-for-games-debut-10962771.html/amp |access-date=2025-01-12 |website=Firstpost |language=en-us}}</ref>
|-
|2023–present
|{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Stéphane Galifi]]
|<ref>{{Cite news |last=Venkatesan |first=S. Prasanna |date=2023-11-21 |title=Looks like a shrimp, but moves like a lion, says Galifi waxing eloquent on Anahat |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sport/other-sports/looks-like-a-shrimp-but-moves-like-a-lion-says-galifi-waxing-eloquent-on-anahat/article67559071.ece/ |access-date=2025-01-12 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
|-
|2023–present
|{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Grégory Gaultier]]
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Singh |first=Divyakriti |date=2023-05-24 |title=Anahat Singh - A teenager's squash-buckling journey to greatness |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/squash/anahat-singh-squash-profile-bio-stats-achievements-saurav-ghosal-dipika-pallikal-karthik-joshna-chinappa/article66888254.ece/ |access-date=2025-01-12 |website=sportstar.thehindu.com |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|2024–present
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Saurav Ghosal]]
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-01-12 |title=What makes Anahat Singh the most promising squash player in the country? |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/sport-others/what-makes-anahat-singh-the-most-promising-squash-player-in-the-country-9775176/ |access-date=2025-01-12 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>
|}

==Tournaments==
===Senior===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|-
!Year
!Tournament
!Venue
!Category
!Result
!Ref
|- bgcolor=#c96
|2022
|[[Squash at the 2022 Asian Games|Asian Games]]
|{{flagicon|CHN}} [[Hangzhou]]
|Team
|3rd
|<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-10-07 |title=Asian Games: 50 year age gap between India's oldest and youngest medallists in historic campaign |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/asian-games-2023/india-asian-games/asian-games-50-year-age-gap-between-indias-oldest-and-youngest-medallists-in-historic-campaign/articleshow/104241517.cms |access-date=2025-07-17 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|- bgcolor=#c96
|2022
|[[Squash at the 2022 Asian Games|Asian Games]]
|{{flagicon|CHN}} [[Hangzhou]]
|Mixed Doubles
|3rd
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Service |first=Statesman News |date=2023-10-04 |title=Asian Games Squash : Anahat Singh-Abhay Singh win mixed doubles bronze medal; India assured of two more medals |url=https://www.thestatesman.com/sports/asian-games-squash-anahat-singh-abhay-singh-win-mixed-doubles-bronze-medal-india-assured-of-two-more-medals-1503228325.html |access-date=2025-07-17 |website=The Statesman |language=en}}</ref>
|- bgcolor=#c96
|2022
|[[2022 Women's Asian Squash Team Championships|Asian Championships]]
|{{flagicon|KOR}} [[Cheongju]]
|Team
|3rd
|
|- bgcolor=#c96
|2023
|[[Asian Doubles Squash Championships|Asian Championships]]
|{{flagicon|CHN}} [[Hangzhou]]
|Mixed Doubles
|3rd
|
|-
|2024
|[[2024 Women's World Team Squash Championships|World Championships]]
|{{flagicon|HKG}} [[Hong Kong Island]]
|Team
|7th
|
|-
|2025
|[[2025 Women's World Squash Championship|World Championships]]
|{{flagicon|USA}} [[Chicago]]
|Singles
|R32
|<ref>{{Cite news |last= |first= |date= |title=World Squash Championships: Indians exit in second round |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sport/world-squash-championships-indians-exit-in-second-round/article69566020.ece |access-date=2025-07-17 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
|- bgcolor=gold
|2025
|[[Asian Doubles Squash Championships|Asian Championships]]
|{{flagicon|MAS}} [[Kuala Lumpur]]
|Doubles
|1st
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Developer |first=Web |title=India sweep all titles at Asian Squash Doubles Championships |url=https://www.mid-day.com/sports/other-sports/article/india-script-history-with-title-hat-trick-asian-squash-doubles-championships-23578996 |access-date=2025-07-17 |website=Mid-day |date=26 June 2025 |language=en}}</ref>
|- bgcolor=gold
|2025
|[[Asian Doubles Squash Championships|Asian Championships]]
|{{flagicon|MAS}} [[Kuala Lumpur]]
|Mixed Doubles
|1st
|<ref>{{Cite news |last= |first= |date=2025-06-26 |title=Asian doubles squash championship: India creates history, wins three gold medals |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sport/other-sports/asian-doubles-squash-championship-india-creates-history-wins-three-gold-medals/article69740030.ece |access-date=2025-07-17 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
|- bgcolor=gold
|2025
|[[Squash World Cup|World Cup]]
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Chennai]]
|Mixed Team
|1st
|<ref name=":1" />
|}

===Junior===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|-
!Year
!Tournament
!Venue
!Category
!Result
!Ref
|- bgcolor=#c96
|2019
|[[Asian Junior Individual Squash Championships|Asian Championships]]
|{{flagicon|MAC}} [[Macau]]
|Singles
|3rd
|
|- bgcolor=gold
|2022
|[[Asian Junior Individual Squash Championships|Asian Championships]]
|{{flagicon|THA}} [[Na Chom Thian]]
|Singles
|1st
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=PTI |date=2022-06-19 |title=India's Anahat Singh wins Asian Junior Squash title in under-15 category |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/sport/other/2022/Jun/19/indias-anahat-singh-wins-asian-junior-squash-title-in-under-15-category-2467426.html |access-date=2025-07-17 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|2022
|[[World Squash Junior Championships|World Championships]]
|{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Maxéville]]
|Singles
|QF
|
|- bgcolor=#c96
|2023
|[[Asian Junior Team Squash Championships|Asian Championships]]
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Chennai]]
|Team
|3rd
|
|-
|2023
|[[World Squash Junior Championships|World Championships]]
|{{flagicon|AUS}} [[Melbourne]]
|Singles
|QF
|
|-
|2023
|[[World Squash Junior Team Championships|World Championships]]
|{{flagicon|AUS}} [[Melbourne]]
|Team
|8th
|
|- bgcolor=gold
|2023
|[[Asian Junior Individual Squash Championships|Asian Championships]]
|{{flagicon|CHN}} [[Dalian]]
|Singles
|1st
|<ref>{{Cite news |last=PTI |date=2023-08-20 |title=India's Anahat Singh clinches gold in Asian Junior Squash |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sport/other-sports/indias-anahat-singh-clinches-gold-in-asian-junior-squash/article67217469.ece |access-date=2025-07-17 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
|-
|2024
|[[World Squash Junior Championships|World Championships]]
|{{flagicon|USA}} [[Houston]]
|Singles
|QF
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-07-25 |title=Squash: India's Anahat Singh ends her elusive wait for a World Junior Championships medal; finally breaks the quarterfinals jinx |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/sport-others/squash-indias-anahat-singh-world-junior-championships-medal-10147815/ |access-date=2025-08-16 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|2024
|[[World Squash Junior Team Championships|World Championships]]
|{{flagicon|USA}} [[Houston]]
|Team
|7th
|
|- bgcolor=#c96
|2025
|[[Asian Junior Team Squash Championships|Asian Championships]]
|{{flagicon|HKG}} [[Tsim Sha Tsui]]
|Team
|3rd
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Prabhu |first=Chandra |date=2025-07-07 |title=Squash: After Asian high, teenager Anahat set for global battle |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/sport/other/2025/Jul/07/squash-after-asian-high-teenager-anahat-set-for-global-battle |access-date=2025-07-14 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>
|- bgcolor=gold
|2025
|[[Asian Junior Individual Squash Championships|Asian Championships]]
|{{flagicon|KOR}} [[Gimcheon]]
|Singles
|1st
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sportstar |first=Team |date=2025-07-05 |title=Indian sports wrap, July 5: India tops Asian Junior Individual Squash Championships; Anahat Singh wins gold |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/other-sports/indian-sports-news-july-5-scores-results-highlights-updates/article69775857.ece |access-date=2025-07-17 |website=Sportstar |language=en}}</ref>
|- bgcolor=#c96
|2025
|[[2025 World Squash Junior Championships|World Championships]]
|{{flagicon|EGY}} [[Cairo]]
|Singles
|3rd
|<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Sportstar |first=Team |date=2025-07-25 |title=Anahat Singh wins bronze at World Junior Squash Championships after losing in semifinals |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/squash/anahat-singh-bronze-medal-world-junior-squash-championships-2025-score-result-semifinals-joshna-chinappa/article69854952.ece |access-date=2025-07-25 |website=sportstar.thehindu.com |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|2025
|[[World Squash Junior Team Championships|World Championships]]
|{{flagicon|EGY}} [[Cairo]]
|Team
|6th
|}

==World Tour==
===Senior===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|+
! Year
! Tournament
! Opponent
! Result
! Score
! Ref.
|-
| rowspan=10|2024
| JSW Willingdon LMS
| {{flagicon|JPN}} [[Erisa Sano Herring]]
| bgcolor="99FB98"|Win
| 3–0 (11–4, 11–3, 11–7)
| <ref>{{Cite web |title=JSW Willingdon 2024 squash: Anahat Singh, Abhay Singh win titles|url=https://olympics.com/en/news/jsw-willingdon-2024-squash-india-results-anahat-abhay-singh |website=Olympics}}</ref>
|-
| Hamdard Squashters Northern Slam
| {{flagicon|KOR}} [[Hwayeong Eum]]
| bgcolor="99FB98"|Win
| 3–0 (11–6, 11–4, 11–5)
| <ref>{{Cite web |title=Anahat Singh wins singles title at Hamdard Squashters Northern Slam 2024|url=https://olympics.com/en/news/hamdard-squashsters-northern-slam-2024-india-results-anahat-singh-suraj |website=Olympics}}</ref>
|-
| HCL Squash Tour Chennai
| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Rathika Seelan]]
| bgcolor="99FB98"|Win
| 3–0 (11–5, 11–3, 11–3)
| <ref>{{Cite web |title=HCL Squash Tour Chennai 2024: Anahat Singh wins third PSA title on the trot|url=https://olympics.com/en/news/hcl-squash-tour-chennai-2024-anahat-singh-women-singles-winner-results |website=Olympics}}</ref>
|-
| Dynam Cup SQ-Cube Open
| {{flagicon|EGY}} [[Ruqayya Salem]]
| bgcolor="DCDCDC"|W/O
| N/A
| <ref>{{cite web | url=https://thesquashsite.com/dynam-cup-sq-cube-open-2024 | title=Dynam Cup SQ-Cube Open 2024 | date=26 June 2024 }}</ref>
|-
| Reliance PSA Challenge 3
| {{flagicon|SRI}} [[Chanithma Sinaly]]
| bgcolor="99FB98"|Win
| 3–0 (11–0, 11–1, 11–4)
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Squash Info {{!}} Women's Reliance PSA Challenge 3 Tournament 2024 {{!}} Squash |url=https://www.squashinfo.com/events/10597-womens-reliance-psa-challenge-3-tournament-2024 |access-date=2024-11-08 |website=www.squashinfo.com}}</ref>
|-
| HCL Squash Tour Kolkata
| {{flagicon|PHI}} [[Jemyca Aribado]]
| bgcolor="99FB98"|Win
| 3–0 (11–5, 11–3, 11–7)
| <ref>{{Cite web |title=Anahat Singh wins fifth PSA Tour title of the year with HCL Squash Tour Kolkata 2024 crown|url=https://olympics.com/en/news/hcl-squash-tour-kolkata-2024-anahat-singh-women-singles-winner-results|website=Olympics}}</ref>
|-
| Costa North Coast Open
| {{flagicon|JPN}} [[Akari Midorikawa]]
| bgcolor="99FB98"|Win
| 3–0 (11–6, 11–6, 11–7)
| <ref>{{cite web | url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/squash/anahat-singh-wins-costa-north-coast-open-title-psa-challenger-event-squash-news-updates/article68825802.ece/ | title=Anahat Singh clinches Costa North Coast Open PSA Challenger title |website=Sportstar| date=3 November 2024 }}</ref>
|-
| NSW Open
| {{flagicon|HKG}} [[Helen Tang]]
| bgcolor="99FB98"|Win
| 3–1 (8–11, 11–6, 11–3, 11–4)
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Anahat Singh's stellar season rolls on with seventh PSA Challenger title at NSW Open 2024|url=https://olympics.com/en/news/nsw-open-2024-squash-india-anahat-singh-win-singles-title|website=Olympics}}</ref>
|-
| Sunil Verma Memorial
| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Shameena Riaz]]
| bgcolor="99FB98"|Win
| 3–0 (11–4, 11–3, 11–1)
| <ref>{{Cite web |title=Anahat Singh wins her eighth PSA Challenger squash title at Sunil Verma Memorial Tournament 2024|url=https://olympics.com/en/news/sunil-verma-memorial-tournament-2024-squash-india-anahat-singh-win-title|website=Olympics}}</ref>
|-
| Western India Slam
| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Akanksha Salunkhe]]
| bgcolor="99FB98"|Win
| 3–0 (11–8, 11–8, 11–8)
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Anahat Singh wins Western India Slam 2024 squash; clinches ninth PSA Challenger title of the year |url=https://olympics.com/en/news/western-india-slam-squash-2024-anahat-singh-win-singles-title |website=Olympics}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan=5|2025
| SRFI Indian Tour
| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Akanksha Salunkhe]]
| bgcolor="99FB98"|Win
| 3–1 (11–6, 8–11, 11–8, 11–5)
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Venkatesan |first=S. Prasanna |date=2025-03-21 |title=Anahat Singh on cloud nine after her biggest PSA title at SRFI Indian Tour Championship |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/squash/anahat-singh-srfi-indian-tour-squash-championship-chennai-title-interview-comments-news/article69358793.ece/ |access-date=2025-03-21 |website=sportstar.thehindu.com |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| JSW Indian Open
| {{flagicon|HKG}} [[Helen Tang]]
| bgcolor="99FB98"|Win
| 3–0 (11–9, 11–5, 11–8)
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sportstar |first=Team |date=2025-03-28 |title=Indian Open: Anahat Singh, Kareem El Torkey secure titles |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/squash/indian-open-results-anahat-singh-kareem-el-torkey-win-titles-squash-news/article69387468.ece |access-date=2025-03-28 |website=Sportstar |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| NSW Bega Open
| {{flagicon|EGY}} [[Habiba Hani]]
| bgcolor="ffa07a"|Loss
| 1–3 (11–9, 5–11, 8–11, 4–10)
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Anahat Singh finishes runner-up at NSW Squash Bega Open after historic final run |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/sports/anahat-singh-finishes-runner-up-at-nsw-squash-bega-open-after-historic-final-run/ |access-date=2025-09-12 |website=The Tribune |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| SRFI Indian Open
| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Joshna Chinappa]]
| bgcolor="99FB98"|Win
|3–2 (11–8, 11–13, 11–9, 6–11, 11–9)
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sportstar |first=Team |date=2025-11-22 |title=Indian sports wrap, November 22: Anahat edges out Joshna to clinch Indian Open title |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/other-sports/india-sports-news-results-scores-highlights-updates-november-22-wrap/article70311920.ece |access-date=2025-11-24 |website=Sportstar |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| HCL Squash Tour Chennai
| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Joshna Chinappa]]
| bgcolor="99FB98"|Win
| 3–2 (11–8, 11–13, 11–13, 11–6, 11–8
|<ref>{{Cite news |last= |first= |date=2025-12-05 |title=Senthilkumar, Anahat emerge champions in HCL Squash Indian Tour 4 in Chennai |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sport/other-sports/senthilkumar-anahat-emerge-champions-in-hcl-squash-indian-tour-4-in-chennai/article70361631.ece |access-date=2025-12-06 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2026
| Squash on Fire Open
| {{flagicon|ENG}} [[Georgina Kennedy]]
| bgcolor="99FB98"|Win
| 3–0 (12–10, 11–5, 11–7)
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Anahat Singh wins Squash on Fire Open, clinches maiden PSA Bronze-level title|url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/squash/anahat-singh-wins-squash-on-fire-open-maiden-psa-bronze-level-title-final-result-score-news/article70581454.ece|website=[[Sportstar]]|date=2 February 2026|access-date=|language=|first=|last=}}</ref>
|-
|JSW Indian Open
|{{flagicon|EGY}} [[Hana Moataz]]
| bgcolor="99FB98" |Win
|3–1 (11–5, 11–6, 9–11, 11–6)
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sportstar |first=Team |date=2026-03-22 |title=Anahat Singh crowned Indian Open 2026 champion, Abhay Singh wins maiden PSA Tour title |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/squash/anahat-beats-hana-abhay-ousts-veer-to-win-jsw-indian-open-2026-title-psa-tour-title-squash-news/article70772971.ece |access-date=2026-03-22 |website=Sportstar |language=en}}</ref>
|}

===Junior===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|+
! Year
! Tournament
! Opponent
! Result
! Score
! Ref.
|-
| rowspan=4|2019
| [[British Junior Open Squash|British Junior Open]]
| {{flagicon|MAS}} [[Whitney Wilson]]
| bgcolor="99FB98"|Win
| 3–1 (13–11, 11–9, 7–11, 11–9)
|<ref>{{Cite news |title=Anahat Singh crowned British Junior Open champion |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/more-sports/others/anahat-singh-crowned-british-junior-open-champion/articleshow/67414611.cms |access-date=2024-11-11 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
| European Junior Open
| {{flagicon|USA}} [[Avery Park]]
| bgcolor="99FB98"|Win
| 3–0 (11–7, 11–3, 11–4)
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=stevecubbins |date=2019-07-08 |title=European Junior Open : Finals |url=https://thesquashsite.com/european-junior-open-2019 |access-date=2024-11-09 |website=SquashSite - all about Squash |language=en-GB}}</ref>
|-
| [[Dutch Junior Open Squash|Dutch Junior Open]]
| {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Lauren Baltayan]]
| bgcolor="99FB98"|Win
| 3–2 (11–6, 11–7, 9–11, 7–11, 11–8)
|<ref>{{Cite news |title=Anahat Singh and Neel Joshi wins Dutch Junior Open squash |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/more-sports/others/anahat-singh-and-neel-joshi-wins-dutch-junior-open-squash/articleshow/70237794.cms |access-date=2024-11-09 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
| Scottish Junior Open
| {{flagicon|MAS}} [[Keertty Haridharan]]
| bgcolor="99FB98"|Win
| 3–0 (11–1, 11–1, 11–1)
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=stevecubbins |date=2019-12-30 |title=Scottish Junior Open : Finals Day |url=https://thesquashsite.com/scottish-junior-open-2019 |access-date=2024-11-09 |website=SquashSite - all about Squash |language=en-GB}}</ref>
|-
| 2020
| [[British Junior Open Squash|British Junior Open]]
| {{flagicon|EGY}} [[Amina Orfi]]
| bgcolor="ffa07a"|Loss
| 0–3 (11–0, 11–1, 11–4)
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=2020 Results List |url=https://britishjunioropen.com/2020-results-list/ |access-date=2024-11-09 |website=British Junior Open |language=en-GB}}</ref>
|-
| 2021
| [[US Junior Open squash championship|US Junior Open]]
| {{flagicon|EGY}} [[Jayda Marei]]
| bgcolor="99FB98"|Win
| 3–1 (11–9 11–5 8–11 11–5)
|<ref>{{Cite news |title=India's Anahat Singh wins Junior US Open Squash Meet |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/more-sports/others/indias-anahat-singh-wins-junior-us-open-squash-meet/articleshow/88436888.cms |access-date=2024-11-09 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan=2|2022
| German Junior Open
| {{flagicon|EGY}} [[Malak Samir]]
| bgcolor="99FB98"|Win
| 3–0 (11–1, 11–4, 11–5)
|<ref>{{Cite news |title=Anahat wins junior squash meet in Germany |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/more-sports/others/anahat-wins-junior-squash-meet-in-germany/articleshow/92660266.cms |access-date=2024-11-09 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
| [[Dutch Junior Open Squash|Dutch Junior Open]]
| {{flagicon|EGY}} [[Malak Samir]]
| bgcolor="99FB98"|Win
| 3–0 (11–4 11–7 11–2)
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-07-14 |title=Champions awarded of the Dutch Junior Open 2022 – Dutch Junior Open 2024 |url=https://djosquash.com/2022/07/champions-awarded-of-the-dutch-junior-open-2022/ |access-date=2024-11-09 |language=nl-NL}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan=2|2023
| [[British Junior Open Squash|British Junior Open]]
| {{flagicon|EGY}} [[Sohaila Hazem]]
| bgcolor="99FB98"|Win
| 3–1 (11–8, 8–11, 11–7, 11–5)
|<ref>{{Cite news |title=Anahat Singh clinches U-15 British Junior Open title |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/more-sports/others/anahat-singh-clinches-u-15-british-junior-open-title/articleshow/96836864.cms |access-date=2024-11-09 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
| Scottish Junior Open
| {{flagicon|SCO}} [[Robyn McAlpine]]
| bgcolor="99FB98"|Win
| 3–0 (11–6, 11–1, 11–5)
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Anahat wins U-19 girls' title at Scottish Junior Open squash |url=https://www.ptinews.com/story/national/anahat-wins-u-19-girls-title-at-scottish-junior-open-squash/1006732 |access-date=2024-11-09 |website=Press Trust Of India}}</ref>
|-
| 2024
| [[British Junior Open Squash|British Junior Open]]
| {{flagicon|EGY}} [[Nadien Elhammamy]]
| bgcolor="ffa07a"|Loss
| 2–3 (7–11, 13–11, 12–10, 5–11, 11–9)
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sportstar |first=Team |date=2024-01-07 |title=British Junior Open 2024: Anahat Singh loses to Elhammamy in final, settles with silver; Aryaveer Dewan bags bronze |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/squash/anahat-singh-loses-nadien-elhammamy-wins-silver-british-junior-open-u-17-girls-singles-result-report-news/article67716496.ece/ |access-date=2024-11-09 |website=sportstar.thehindu.com |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| 2025
| [[British Junior Open Squash|British Junior Open]]
| {{flagicon|EGY}} [[Malika Elkaraksy]]
| bgcolor="99FB98"|Win
| 3–2 (4–11, 11–9, 6–11, 11–5, 11–3)
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Anahat wins British Junior Open squash title |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/sports/briefly-anahat-wins-british-junior-open-squash-title/amp |access-date=2025-01-07 |website=The Tribune |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| 2026
| [[British Junior Open Squash|British Junior Open]]
| {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Lauren Baltayan]]
| bgcolor="ffa07a"|Loss
| 1–3 (9–11, 11–7, 3–11, 9–11)
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newsonair.gov.in/squash-anahat-singh-enters-maiden-womens-under-19-final-at-british-junior-open-in-birmingham/|title=British Junior Open Squash: Anahat Singh gets silver in Women’s Under-19|date=7 January 2026|website=[[All India Radio|News on AIR]]}}</ref>
|}

==Awards and nominations==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|-
! Year
! Award
! Category
! Result
! Ref
|-
|rowspan=2|2023
|rowspan=2|[[Times of India Sports Awards]]
|Special Recognition in Squash
|{{won}}
|<ref>{{Cite news |title=TOISA 2023 Nominees: Squash stars in the fray for top honours |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/more-sports/others/toisa-2023-nominees-squash-stars-in-the-fray-for-top-honours/articleshow/107818634.cms |access-date=2024-11-04 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
|Emerging Sportsperson of the Year
|{{nom}}
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=TOISA 2023 {{!}} Nominations |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/toisa/nominations |access-date=2024-11-11 |website=timesofindia.indiatimes.com}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan=3|2024
|rowspan=2|[[PSA Awards]]
|Challenger Player of January
|{{won}}
|
|-
|Challenger Player of August
|{{won}}
|<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.psasquashtour.com/challenger-tour/singh-laksiri-win-august-challenger-player-of-the-month-awards/|title=Singh and Laksiri win August Challenger Player of the Month Awards|access-date=2025-04-26 |website=www.psasquashtour.com}}</ref>
|-
|[[Indian Sports Honours]]
|Sportswoman of the Year
|{{nom}}
|
|-
|rowspan=5|2025
|[[Times of India Sports Awards]]
|Squash Player of the Year Female
|{{won}}
|<ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-02-18 |title=TOISA 2024: Squash Masters Competing for the Coveted Trophy |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/more-sports/others/toisa-2024-squash-masters-competing-for-the-coveted-trophy/articleshow/118361431.cms |access-date=2025-02-22 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
|[[PSA Awards]]
|Challenger Player of January
|{{won}}
|<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.psasquashtour.com/challenger-tour/challenger-tour-player-of-the-month-el-torkey-and-singh-win-january-awards/|title= Challenger Tour Player of the Month: El Torkey and Singh win January Awards|access-date=2025-04-26 |website=psasquashtour.com}}</ref>
|-
|[[ASF Awards]]
|Outstanding Performance Junior Women
|{{won}}
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=ASF Awards: Winners |url=https://www.asiansquash.org/about_awards.php |access-date=2025-06-05 |website=Asian Squash Federation}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan=2|[[PSA Awards]]
|Young Player of the Year
|{{won}}
|<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.psasquashtour.com/featured-news/sherbini-farag-named-psa-players-of-the-season/|title=PSA Awards 2025|access-date=2025-06-08 |website=[[Professional Squash Association]]}}</ref>
|-
|Challenger Player of the Year
|{{won}}
|<ref>{{Cite news |last=Venkatesan |first=S. Prasanna |date=2025-07-14 |title=Breaking into top-50 is the main target: Anahat |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sport/other-sports/breaking-into-top-50-is-the-main-target-anahat/article69812343.ece |access-date=2025-07-17 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
|-
|2026
|[[PSA Awards]]
|Player of the Month January
|{{won}}
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 February 2026 |title=Singh & Asal Named World Events Players Of The Month For January |url=https://www.psasquashtour.com/featured-news/singh-asal-named-world-events-players-of-the-month-for-january/ |website=[[Professional Squash Association|PSA]]}}</ref>
|}

==See also==
* [[Squash in India]]
* [[India women's national squash team]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{PSA|new_id=anahat-singh}}
* {{Squash Info|15462}}
* {{Instagram}}

[[Category:2008 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Sportswomen from Delhi]]
[[Category:Indian female squash players]]
[[Category:Asian Games bronze medalists in squash]]
[[Category:Asian Games bronze medalists for India]]
[[Category:Squash players at the 2022 Asian Games]]
[[Category:Medalists at the 2022 Asian Games]]
[[Category:Commonwealth Games squash players for India]]
[[Category:Squash players at the 2022 Commonwealth Games]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian sportswomen]]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Singh, Anahat}}

Viduthalai Rajendran

2026-04-29T14:51:48Z

Evajzp: put up initial stub first draft...

{{Indian patronymic|"Rajendran"|"Kandhasamy"}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2020}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = K. Rajendran
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1947|10|16}}<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=DVK Periyar திவிக|url=https://twitter.com/dvkperiyar/status/1449324775113850886?s=20&t=O3_eZ7IjxjObJ-tuYs_JRA|language=en-US}}</ref>
| birth_place = [[Mayuram]], [[Madras Province]], Dominion of India (later [[Mayiladuthurai]], [[Tamil Nadu]], India)
| spouse = {{unbulleted list|{{marriage|Saraswathy|1979}}}}
| citizenship = Indian
| office = General Secretary of [[Dravidar Viduthalai Kazhagam]]
| term_start = 12 August 2012
| 1blankname = President
| 1namedata = [[Kolathur Mani]]
| predecessor = ''Post established''
| main_width = 24em
| native_name =
| native_name_lang = ta
| party = [[Image:DVK flag.svg|20px]] [[Dravidar Viduthalai Kazhagam]] (2012-present)
| other_party = [[Image:Flag of Dravidar Kazagam.svg|20px]] [[Dravidar Kazhagam]] (1969-96)
[[Image:Flag placeholder.svg|20px]] [[Periyar Dravidar Kazhagam]] (1996-2001; 200?-2012)
[[Image:Flag placeholder.svg|20px]] [[Thanthai Periyar Dravidar Kazhagam]] (2001-200?)
| image = 4D4A8369.jpg
| image_size = 200px
}}
'''Kandhasamy Rajendran''', commonly known as '''Viduthalai Rajendran''', is the General Secretary of the [[Dravidar Viduthalai Kazhagam]] party.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/coimbatore/Periyar-Dravidar-Kazhagam-PDK-splits-into-two-parties/articleshow/15551553.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130602163000/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-08-19/coimbatore/33272337_1_kolathur-mani-pdk-periyar-dravidar-kazhagam |url-status=live |archive-date=2013-06-02 |title=Periyar Dravidar Kazhagam (PDK) splits into two parties|date=2012-08-19 |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=2012-10-14}}</ref> He is the founder and editor-in-chief of the weekly ''Puratchi Periyar Muzhakkam''.{{cn|date=April 2026}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rajendran, Viduthalai}}
[[Category:1947 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Periyarists]]
[[Category:People from Mayiladuthurai district]]

Nagpur Teachers constituency

2026-04-29T14:29:35Z

Evajzp: Made Data

{{Short description|Constituency of the Maharashtra Legislative Council}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2024}}
'''Nagpur Teachers constituency''' is one of 78 Legislative Council seats in [[Maharashtra]]. This constituency encompasses the entire Nagpur division, which includes the districts of [[Nagpur district|Nagpur]], [[Wardha district|Wardha]], [[Bhandara district|Bhandara]], [[Gondia district|Gondia]], [[Chandrapur district|Chandrapur]] and [[Gadchiroli district|Gadchiroli]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=1998-11-16 |title=Congress does well in state council elections |url=https://m.rediff.com/news/1998/nov/16maha.htm |access-date= |website=m.rediff.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2010-10-25 |title=Biennial Elections to the Maharashtra Legislative Council from Local Authorities Graduates and Teachers Constituencies. |url=https://www.eci.gov.in/eci-backend/public/api/download?url=LMAhAK6sOPBp%2FNFF0iRfXbEB1EVSLT41NNLRjYNJJP1KivrUxbfqkDatmHy12e%2FzVx8fLfn2ReU7TfrqYobgIqO1UVNXfJF1%2BGgYEYHOuYJLXRqOAMOXuGPyKupgW5l7wh%2FXTlIPKhp8ungOznPbU4HbaQx06iT1NVpPIeIjbtcfwOA4X0kBPpPv0OGQBs7knnAavOJNj9DHvvqpTWV3vLOrK8HjR6ksjyKNJVAewoiRXjOKv55wHcB4ICILJhtLU%2Bnk6S4C2CaLL6Y7rHfuy7hRLWnsiU9jib9xwAeVVKZsRajKZpHG%2F9WCcWto7W4M |website=ECI}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2017-02-08 |title=Sitting MLC Ganar headed for victory |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/nagpur/sitting-mlc-ganar-headed-for-victory/articleshow/57027914.cms |access-date= |work=The Times of India |issn=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2023-02-03 |title=MLC elections: Congress defeats BJP in Gadkari's home turf Nagpur |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2023/Feb/03/mlc-elections-congress-defeats-bjp-in-gadkaris-home-turf-nagpur-2543920.html |access-date= |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

==Members of Legislative Council==
{| class="wikitable"
! Year
! Member
! colspan="2"| Party
|-
|1998
| rowspan="2"| Vishwanath Daigavhane
| rowspan="5" style="background-color: {{party color|Independent}}" |
| rowspan="5" |[[Independent politician|Independent]]
|-
|2004
|-
|2010
| rowspan="2"| [[Nago Ganar]]
|-
|2017
|-
|2023
|Sudhakar Adbale
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Teachers constituencies in India]]
[[Category:Council constituencies of Maharashtra]]

{{India-constituency-stub}}

Prakāśānanda

2026-04-26T17:37:23Z

Evajzp: Started New Data W/ Sources!

{{Infobox philosopher
| name = Prakāśānanda
| image =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = c. 1550
| birth_place = India
| death_date = c. 1600
| death_place = India
| era = 16th century
| region = Indian subcontinent
| school_tradition = Advaita Vedanta
| main_interests = Metaphysics, Epistemology, Idealism, Tantra
| notable_ideas = Dṛṣṭi-sṛṣṭi-vāda, Ekajīvavāda, Kalpito'pi guru
}}

'''Prakāśānanda''' (Sanskrit: प्रकाशानन्द), also known as '''Prakāśānanda Yati''', was a 16th-century Indian philosopher of the [[Advaita Vedanta]] tradition. The historian of Indian philosophy [[Surendranath Dasgupta]] identifies Prakāśānanda as one of the principal exponents of the form of subjective idealism called [[Drishti-srishti-vada|dṛṣṭi-sṛṣṭi-vāda]] (the doctrine of creation by perception). According to Dasgupta, Prakāśānanda is probably the first thinker to develop a consistently sensationalistic and idealistic interpretation of Advaita Vedānta, denying the objective existence of any external reality.<ref name="das">{{cite web|author=Dasgupta, Surendranath|date=1932|title=A History of Indian Philosophy Vol 2|publisher=Cambridge University Press|page=220-225|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.461620/page/n230/mode/1up}}</ref> His main work, the ''Vedāntasiddhāntamuktāvalī'', argues that the phenomenal world has no independent existence apart from the act of perception, and that only the non-dual ''ātman-brahman'' is ultimately real.

== Biography ==

Few precise biographical details are available about Prakāśānanda. Traditional sources describe him as a disciple of Jñānānanda Yati and place him in the second half of the 16th century. According to T. P. Ramachandran, the commentary on the ''Vedāntasiddhāntamuktāvalī'' by his disciple Nāna Dīkṣita, entitled ''Siddhāntapradīpikā'', was composed at a time when the different parts of India had already been pervaded by at least the third generation of Prakāśānanda's followers, thereby attesting to the wide geographical influence of his teachings.<ref>{{cite book |last=Ramachandran |first=T. P. |chapter=Prakasananda |title=Preceptors of Advaita |publisher=Sri Kanchi Kamakoti Sankara Mandir |year=1968 |page=216 |url=https://www.kamakoti.org/kamakoti/articles/Preceptors%20of%20Advaita%20-%2035.html}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Prakāśānanda Yati |url=https://hindupedia.com/en/Prak%C4%81%C5%9B%C4%81nanda_Yati |website=Hindupedia, the Hindu Encyclopedia |date=2016-12-17 |access-date=2026-04-22}}</ref>

Prakāśānanda should not be confused with Prakāśānanda Sarasvatī, the māyāvādī sannyāsī of Vārāṇasī mentioned in the ''Caitanya-caritāmṛta'', who was converted by Chaitanya Mahaprabhu. Most historians of Indian philosophy consider them to be two distinct individuals.<ref name="Bhaktivinoda">{{cite web |title=Prabodhānanda and Prakāśānanda |url=https://bhaktivinodainstitute.org/prabodhananda-and-prakasananda/ |website=Bhaktivinoda Institute |access-date=2026-04-22}}</ref>

== Philosophical Doctrine ==
Prakāśānanda proposed a purely idealist and sensationist interpretation of Vedānta, denying any objective existence independent of perception. According to Dasgupta, Prakāśānanda explicitly denies any objective substratum underlying perception, holding that “the existence of objects is nothing more than their perception (dṛṣṭi)” and that no independent external reality exists:<ref name="das" />
* The existence of objects coincides strictly with their perception (''dṛṣṭi''). There are no external objects corresponding to our perceptions and existing independently of the mind.
* ''[[Māyā]]'' is not a positive entity, but an absolute fiction (''tuccha'').
* There is no real causality or creation of the world: everything is purely subjective. Prakāśānanda rejects causality because the very notion of cause and effect presupposes duality and therefore “lies outside the scope of the Vedānta”.<ref name="das" />
* Only the Self (''[[ātman]]'' / [[Brahman]]) is the ultimate reality.<ref name="chif">{{cite book |last=Chifflot |first=Martine |title=Le collier de perles des doctrines du Vedānta: Vedāntasiddhāntamuktāvalī |publisher=L'Harmattan |year=2005 |isbn=978-2-7475-8466-1 |page=16-24}}</ref>

This extreme position aims to avoid any residual dualism between Brahman and ''māyā''. Prakāśānanda also defends the doctrine of '''ekajīvavāda''' (the theory that there is only one individual soul, ''jīva'').<ref>{{cite web |title=Non-Dualism, Philosophy, Origins & Core Teachings of Advaita Vedānta |url=https://vedicpeople.com/philosophies/advaita/ |website=Vedic People |access-date=2026-04-22}}</ref>

Unlike [[Adi Shankara|Shankara]], who posited a ''māyā'' with two distinct powers—veiling (''āvaraṇa'') and projection (''vikṣepa'')—Prakāśānanda reduces ignorance (''ajñāna'' or ''avidyā'') to a mere necessary presumption, without thickness or positivity. According to a principle of metaphysical economy opposed to the multiplication of entities, this ignorance is posited as unique, in the image of the single soul of which it constitutes the limiting condition: one ''avidyā'' for one ''jīva''.<ref name="chif" />

=== Relation to Shankara and Vijñānavāda ===
Written eight centuries after Shankara's ''Brahmasūtrabhāṣya'', the ''Vedāntasiddhāntamuktāvalī'' operates a radical purification of the Advaita system. Shankara, to account for the objectivity of the sensible universe, still had to posit cosmic intermediaries such as [[Hiranyagarbha]] and [[Virāj]].<ref name="chif" /> Prakāśānanda eliminates all cosmogonic schemes in favor of the sole thesis of the single soul: it is Brahman itself that, through its own ignorance, becomes the ''jīva'', without any intermediary.<ref name="chif" />

On one specific point, Prakāśānanda is more radical than his predecessor. Shankara refused to equate the waking state with the dream state—a position that grounded his refutation of the Buddhist [[Vijñānavāda]] in the ''Brahmasūtrabhāṣya'' (II, 2, 27-32). Prakāśānanda, however, accepts this equivalence and interprets Shankara's threefold distinction of reality (absolute, practical, illusory) as a mere pedagogical concession to the uninitiated.<ref name="chif" /> While this position brings him formally closer to the idealism of Buddhist Vijñānavāda, it separates him ontologically: where Vijñānavāda posits emptiness (''śūnyatā'') as the ultimate reality, Prakāśānanda affirms the luminous fullness of ''ātman-brahman'', with Vedantic ontology strictly opposing the full (''pūrṇa'') to the void (''śūnya'').<ref name="chif" />

=== The Doctrine of the Imagined [[Guru]] ===
The radicality of ''dṛṣṭi-sṛṣṭi-vāda'' raises an internal difficulty: if the entire manifestation is illusory, what is the status of the guru, whose necessity is affirmed by scripture (''śruti'')? Prakāśānanda resolves this with the doctrine of the '''imagined guru''' (''kalpito'pi guru''), expounded in verse XLII of the ''Vedāntasiddhāntamuktāvalī'': the guru exists only as long as the disciple's ignorance persists, and dissolves into non-duality upon liberation.<ref>{{cite book |last=Prakāśānanda |chapter=Vedāntasiddhāntamuktāvalī |quote=A guru can exist even if only imagined. He can teach in the manner of the Veda and there is no indecision [as to who, between master and disciple, is unreal]. For on this point, a conclusion can be drawn from the presence of ignorance in the disciple alone. |translator-last=Chifflot |translator-first=Martine |publisher=L'Harmattan |year=2005 |title=Le collier de perles des doctrines du Vedānta |pages=194–196 |isbn=978-2-7475-8466-1}}</ref>

=== Comparison with Berkeley ===
[[Martine Chifflot]] highlights the striking similarity between Prakāśānanda's ''dṛṣṭi-sṛṣṭi-vāda'' and the idealism of Irish philosopher [[George Berkeley]] (1685–1753), particularly Berkeley's famous principle ''esse est percipi'' ("to be is to be perceived"). Both systems deny the independent existence of the material world, asserting that objects exist only as perceptions. However, while Berkeley's idealism leads to the conclusion that only minds and their ideas are real, Prakāśānanda's non-dualism affirms the ultimate reality of ''ātman-brahman'', the luminous, non-dual Self.<ref name="chif" /><ref>{{cite journal |last=Chifflot |first=Martine |title=La libération selon le Yoga et le Védānta |journal=L’Enseignement philosophique |volume=72 |issue=5 |pages=35–46 |year=2022 |doi=10.3917/eph.725.0035 |url=https://shs.cairn.info/revue-l-enseignement-philosophique-2022-4-page-35 |access-date=2026-04-22}}</ref>

== Works ==
Prakāśānanda's main work is the ''Vedāntasiddhāntamuktāvalī'', a concise treatise on Advaita Vedanta, commented upon by his disciple Nānā Dīkṣita in the ''Siddhāntadīpikā''. The text is structured dialectically, with objections from various philosophical schools representing the resistances of dualistic thought, each resolved until final liberation is attained.<ref name="chif" />

Other works include:
* ''Tārā-bhakti-taraṅgiṇī''
* ''Manoramā''
* ''Tantra-rāja-ṭīkā''
* ''Mahā-lakṣmī-paddhati''

These texts reflect his interest in tantric practices, despite his radical idealism.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Weierholt |first=Ivar T. |last2=Ramachandran |first2=T. P. |title=The Concept of the Vyavaharika in Advaita Vedanta |journal=Philosophy East and West |volume=22 |issue=2 |pages=229 |year=1972 |doi=10.2307/1398130 |url=https://doi.org/10.2307/1398130 |access-date=2026-04-22}}</ref>

== Legacy ==
Dasgupta characterizes Prakāśānanda’s system as one of the most “thorough-going idealistic” developments of Advaita Vedānta, representing an extreme attempt to eliminate any residual dualism associated with māyā.<ref name="das" /> Prakāśānanda holds an important place in the history of post-Shankara Advaita as one of the main proponents of ''dṛṣṭi-sṛṣṭi-vāda''. His approach was discussed and sometimes criticized by later Advaita thinkers.<ref name="das" />

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== Further reading ==
* [[Surendranath Dasgupta|Dasgupta, Surendranath]]. ''A History of Indian Philosophy'', vol. 2. Cambridge University Press, 1932, pp. 222–225. [Available at [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.461620/page/n7/mode/2up]]
* Chifflot, Martine. ''Le collier de perles des doctrines du Vedānta: Vedāntasiddhāntamuktāvalī''. Paris: L'Harmattan, 2005. ISBN 978-2-7475-8466-1.
* Venis, Arthur. ''The Vedānta Siddhāntamuktāvalī of Prakāśānanda''. Benares, 1898. [Available on [https://archive.org/details/b30095256 Archive.org]]
* T. P. Ramachandran, « Prakāśānanda », in ''Preceptors of Advaita'', éd. T. M. P. Mahadevan.[Available on [https://hindupedia.com/en/Prak%C4%81%C5%9B%C4%81nanda_Yati]]
* Swami Harshananda, « Prakāśānanda Yati », ''Hindupedia''. [Available on [https://hindupedia.com/en/Prak%C4%81%C5%9B%C4%81nanda_Yati]]

== External links ==
* [https://hindupedia.com/en/Prak%C4%81%C5%9B%C4%81nanda_Yati Prakāśānanda Yati] at Hindupedia

[[Category:16th-century Indian philosophers]]

Abida Ahmed

2026-04-17T19:52:11Z

Evajzp: put up the info added tags

{{short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2015}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Begum Abida Ahmed
| image = Abida Ahmed First Lady of India.gif
| birth_date = 17 July 1923
| birth_place = [[Badaun district]], [[United Provinces of British India|United Provinces]], [[British Raj|British India]]
| death_date = 7 December 2003 (aged 80)
| death_place = [[New Delhi]], [[India]]
| office1 = [[First Ladies and Gentlemen of India|First Lady of India]]
| term_label1 = In role
| term_start1 = 24 August 1974
| term_end1 = 11 February 1977
| president1 = [[Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed]]
| prime_minister1 = [[Indira Gandhi]]
| vice_president1 = [[Gopal Swarup Pathak]] [[B.D. Jatti]]
| predecessor1 = Saraswati Bai
| successor1 = Sangamma Jatti (Interim) Neelam Nagaratnamma Reddy
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]
| spouse = {{marriage|[[Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed]]|1945|11 February 1977|reason=died}}
| children = 3
| education = [[Aligarh Muslim University]]
| website =
| date =
| year =
| office2 = [[Member of Parliament (India)|Member of Parliament]], [[Lok Sabha]]
| term_start2 = 1981
| term_end2 = 1989
| predecessor2 = Misaryar Khan
| successor2 = [[Santosh Gangwar]]
| constituency2 = [[Bareilly Lok Sabha constituency|Bareilly]]
}}
[[File:President Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed and First Lady Begum Abida Ahmed.jpg|thumb|President Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed and First Lady Abida Ahmed]]
'''Begum Abida Ahmed''' (17 July 1923 – 7 December 2003) was an Indian politician, artist, and social activist, notable for her role as the [[First Lady of India]] from 1974 to 1977, as the wife of [[Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed]], the fifth [[President of India]]. She was later a Member of Parliament in the [[Lok Sabha]], representing the Bareilly parliamentary constituency of Uttar Pradesh.

==Early life==
Abida Ahmed was born on 17 July 1923 in [[Sheikhupur, Badaun]], Uttar Pradesh. She grew up in a politically engaged environment, which shaped her future interests in public service and activism.

She pursued her education at the [[Women's College, Aligarh]] and the [[Aligarh Muslim University]], [[Aligarh]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Ram |first=Sharmila Ganesan |date=2022-07-11 |title=Times top10 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/gender-july-11-2022/coronabytes/msid-92769633.cms |access-date=2024-10-02 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> There she excelled academically and demonstrated an interest in national and international affairs. Her early exposure to politics and social issues inspired her to pursue a career in public life.

She married her husband [[Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed]] on 9 November 1945.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Vajpayee |first=Ramkrishna |date=2020-12-07 |title=बेगम आबिदा अहमद की पुण्यतिथि, जानिए उनकी जिंदगी से जुड़े अनसुने किस्से |trans-title=Begum Abida Ahmed's death anniversary, know the unheard stories related to her life |url=https://newstrack.com/special-news/know-the-unheard-stories-of-begum-abida-ahmed-life-on-her-death-anniversary-724820.html |access-date=2024-10-02 |website=newstrack.com |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Agrawal |first=M. G. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vnJ0MwbAsEAC&pg=PA119 |title=Freedom Fighters of India (In Four Volumes) |publisher=Isha Books |year=2008 |isbn=9788182054684 |pages=119}}</ref> Their marriage was arranged while Ali Ahmed was in prison and Abida Ahmed in college.<ref name=":2" />

In 1957 Abida Ahmed traveled with her husband and relocated to New York City as part of her husbands assignment to the United Nations.<ref>{{Cite news |last=De Groodt |first=Helene |date=1973-12-12 |title=Indian Painter Gives Watergate Interpretation in Oils |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/237239764 |access-date=2024-10-02 |work=THe Orlando Sentinel |pages=24}}</ref> She also accompanied [[Pat Nixon]] while she and her husband were on a state visit to India.<ref>{{Cite news |date=1969-07-31 |title=Pat charms Indian village as President meets brass |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/1085959623/ |access-date=2024-10-02 |work=The Evening News |pages=15 |agency=UPI}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Thornton |first=Thomas |url=https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9781000230345 |title=The Hope and the Reality: U.S.-Indian Relations from Roosevelt to Reagan |publisher=Routledge |year=1992 |isbn=978-0-429-31161-1 |editor-last=Gould |editor-first=Harold A. |edition=1 |language=en |chapter=U.S.-Indian Relations in the Nixon and Ford Years |doi=10.4324/9780429311611 |editor-last2=Ganguly |editor-first2=Šumit}}</ref>

==Career==

=== First Lady of India ===
Abida Ahmed is credited with having overhauled the presidential kitchen and ensuring [[Awadhi cuisine]] was included in its repertoire.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Collingham |first1=Lizzie |author-link=Lizzie Collingham |url=https://archive.org/details/aroundindiasfirs0000coll/ |title=Around India's First Table : Dining and Entertaining at the Rashtrapati Bhavan |last2=Husain |first2=Salma |publisher=Government of India |year=2016 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=119 |language=en |access-date=2024-10-02}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=16 September 2021 |title=All the Presidents' Meals: What is served at the First Table |language=en |work=The Indian Express |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/express-sunday-eye/all-the-presidents-meals-whats-served-at-the-first-table-7513249/ |url-status=live |access-date=3 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220903153113/https://indianexpress.com/article/express-sunday-eye/all-the-presidents-meals-whats-served-at-the-first-table-7513249/ |archive-date=3 September 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://www.worldcat.org/title/935310855 |title=The presidential retreats of India |date=2015 |publisher=Publications Division, Government of India |isbn=978-81-230-2075-4 |editor-last=Wright |editor-first=Gillian |location=New Delhi |oclc=935310855 |editor-last2=Fanthome |editor-first2=André Jeanpierre |editor-last3=India |editor-last4=Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts |editor-last5=India}}</ref> Additionally she worked at redecorating the rooms and upholstery of the [[Rashtrapati Bhavan]] and aided in designing the surrounding landscaping.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://www.worldcat.org/title/967545120 |title=Life at Rashtrapati Bhavan |date=2016 |publisher=Publication Division, Government of India |isbn=978-81-230-2298-7 |editor-last=Gopalakrishnan |editor-first=Sudha |series=RB series |location=New Delhi |oclc=967545120 |editor-last2=Yashaswini Chandra |editor-last3=Khanna |editor-first3=Dinesh |editor-last4=India |editor-last5=India |editor-last6=Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts |editor-last7=Rashtrapati Bhavan (New Delhi, India)}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=1 November 2020 |title=Feels Like Home |language=en |work=The Indian Express |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/express-sunday-eye/feels-like-home-6911758/ |url-status=live |access-date=3 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220903153110/https://indianexpress.com/article/express-sunday-eye/feels-like-home-6911758/ |archive-date=3 September 2022}}</ref> She also organized events and gatherings involving the Rashtrapati Bhavan.<ref name="Rathi" /> Her husband died while in office in 1977 marking the end of her role as first lady.<ref>{{Cite news |date=1977-02-11 |title=India's President Ahmed dies; hailed as 'a great Moslem' |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/532195851 |access-date=2024-10-02 |work=The Berkshire Eagle |pages=2 |agency=UPI}}</ref>

=== Member of Parliament ===
In 1979 while attempting to file her paperwork for the [[1980 elections in India|1980 election]] Ahmed was stopped by protesters surrounding her home in an attempt to prevent her and other women from filing election paperwork.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Goswami |first=Sabita |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=E7t5DAAAQBAJ |title=Along the Red River: A Memoir |date=11 March 2014 |publisher=Zubaan Books |edition=1 |location=New Delhi, India |isbn=978-93-83074-26-6 |language=en |translator-last=Mathur |translator-first=Triveni Goswami |access-date=2024-10-12}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |title=Class, caste, gender |date=2004 |publisher=Sage Publications |isbn=978-0-7619-9643-9 |editor-last=Mohanty |editor-first=Manoranjan |series=Readings in Indian government and politics |location=New Delhi; Thousand Oaks, Calif}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |title=A Space Within the Struggle: Women's Participation in People's Movements |date=November 27, 1990 |publisher=Zubaan |editor-last=Sen |editor-first=Ilina |location=New Delhi, India}}</ref> As the police attempted to break up the protest two people died.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Avishek |first=Sengupta |date=2016-11-12 |title=Martyrs' families angry, confused |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/north-east/martyrs-families-angry-confused/cid/1403155 |access-date=2024-10-02 |work=The Telegraph India}}</ref> Her paperwork was later smuggled out of her home by one of her supporters with a police escort.<ref name=":1">{{Cite news |last=Niesewand |first=Peter |date=1979-12-11 |title=Two die in Indian Election violence |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/260622406 |access-date=2024-10-01 |work=[[The Guardian]] |pages=7}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Bhagabati |first=Dikshit Sarma |date=2021 |title=Exorcisms: Xenophobia, citizenship, and the spectre of Assamese nationalism |journal=Jindal Global Law Review |language=en |volume=12 |issue=1 |pages=171–203 |doi=10.1007/s41020-021-00147-4 |issn=0975-2498 |pmc=8178655}}</ref>

In 1980, she was elected to the [[7th Lok Sabha]], serving [[Bareilly Lok Sabha constituency|Bareilly]], [[Uttar Pradesh]] as a member of the [[Indian National Congress]]. She was re-elected in 1984 to the [[8th Lok Sabha]].<ref name="Rathi">{{cite news |date=2017-07-26|title=Savita Kovind enters Rashtrapati Bhavan, but India's First Ladies are yet to make a mark |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/savita-kovind-enters-rashtrapati-bhavan-but-indias-first-ladies-are-yet-to-make-any-mark-4767676/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220903153109/https://indianexpress.com/article/india/savita-kovind-enters-rashtrapati-bhavan-but-indias-first-ladies-are-yet-to-make-any-mark-4767676/ |archive-date=3 September 2022 |access-date=3 September 2022 |work=The Indian Express |last=Rathi|first=Nandini}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |title=Women and politics in Asia: a springboard for democracy |date=2012 |publisher=Institute of Southeast Asian Studies; Lit Verlag |isbn=978-981-4311-73-1 |editor-last=Fleschenberg |editor-first=Andrea |location=Singapore : Zürich |editor-last2=Derichs |editor-first2=Claudia |editor-last3=Institute of Southeast Asian Studies}}</ref> In 1986 she spoke out against a bill giving women who divorce their husbands alimony.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Majumdar |first=Maya |title=Encyclopaedia of gender equality through women empowerment |publisher=Sarup & Sons |year=2005 |isbn=978-81-7625-548-6 |location=New Delhi |pages=248 |chapter=Time of Transition}}</ref>
* She founded the society named "God's Grace" which was registered with the Registrar of Societies under the [[Indian Societies Registration Act]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.godgraces.org/AboutSchool.html |title=About - God's Grace School |access-date=5 September 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120331182622/http://www.godgraces.org/AboutSchool.html |archive-date=31 March 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* She was member of India Islamic Cultural Centre (IICC).<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-01-04 |title=India Islamic Cultural Centre - 1981-2018 Genesis, Aims, Obligations |url=https://muslimmirror.com/india-islamic-cultural-centre-1981-2018-genesis-aims-obligations/ |access-date=2024-10-02 |website=Muslim Mirror |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Masoud |first=Abdul Bari |date=2024-08-15 |title=Khurshid becomes India Islamic Cultural Centre president, RSS-backed candidate loses |url=https://indiatomorrow.net/2024/08/15/khurshid-becomes-india-islamic-cultural-centre-president-rss-backed-candidate-loses/ |access-date=2024-10-02 |website=IndiaTomorrow}}</ref>
* She formed Humsub Drama Group in 1974 for [[Urdu]] theatre.<ref>{{cite news |title=The royal touch |url=http://www.thehindu.com/arts/theatre/article77192.ece |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=7 January 2010 |access-date=9 September 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121103000440/http://www.thehindu.com/arts/theatre/article77192.ece |archive-date=3 November 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=July 11, 2022 |title=Gender+ newsletter |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/gender-july-11-2022/newslettertoi/msid-92769633.cms |access-date=2023-07-18 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
She later served as the president of the [[All India Mahila Congress|Mahila Congress]] from 1983 until 1988.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Devi |first=Prasad |date=2019-09-02 |title=How OBCs have had little say in the Congress party |url=https://www.forwardpress.in/2019/09/how-obcs-have-had-little-say-in-the-congress-party/#_edn4 |access-date=2024-10-03 |website=Forward Press |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Badhwar |first=Inderjit |date=1986-10-31 |title=All India Mahila Congress hit by political infighting between its chairperson and convenor |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/indiascope/story/19861031-all-india-mahila-congress-hit-by-political-infighting-between-its-chairperson-and-convenor-801370-1986-10-30 |access-date=2024-10-12 |work=India Today}}</ref>

== Personal life ==
Abida and Fakhruddin had two sons and a daughter.<ref>{{cite news |title=The Orlando Sentinel 11 Feb 1977, page 48 |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/303515006/?terms=%22fakhruddin%20ali%20ahmed%22&match=1 |access-date=3 September 2022 |work=Newspapers.com |language=en |archive-date=3 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220903100333/https://www.newspapers.com/image/303515006/?terms=%22fakhruddin%20ali%20ahmed%22&match=1 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite news |first= |date=1974-10-25 |title=India's First Lady Moves Into the Official Spotlight |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1974/10/25/archives/indias-first-lady-moves-into-the-official-spotlight-politics-for-29.html |access-date=2024-10-01 |work=[[New York Times]] |pages=34}}</ref> The elder of their sons, Parvez Ahmed, is a doctor who contested the [[2014 Indian general election|General Elections of 2014]] in the Barpeta constituency as a candidate of the [[Trinamool Congress|Trinamool Congress party]].<ref>{{cite news |title=The Orlando Sentinel 11 Feb 1977, page 48 |language=en |work=Newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/303515006/?terms=%22fakhruddin%20ali%20ahmed%22&match=1 |url-status=live |access-date=3 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220903100333/https://www.newspapers.com/image/303515006/?terms=%22fakhruddin%20ali%20ahmed%22&match=1 |archive-date=3 September 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Former President's son to fight for TMC |work=The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/former-presidents-son-to-fight-for-tmc/articleshow/32236377.cms |url-status=live |access-date=3 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220903153109/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/former-presidents-son-to-fight-for-tmc/articleshow/32236377.cms?utm_source=contentofinterest&utm_medium=text&utm_campaign=cppst |archive-date=3 September 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=31 March 2014 |title=Former President Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed's son files nomination |work=Business Standard India |agency=Press Trust of India |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/former-president-fakhruddin-ali-ahmed-s-son-files-nomination-114033101103_1.html |url-status=live |access-date=3 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220903154612/https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/former-president-fakhruddin-ali-ahmed-s-son-files-nomination-114033101103_1.html |archive-date=3 September 2022}}</ref> Their other son, [[Badar Durrez Ahmed]], served as a judge of the [[Delhi High Court]] and retired as Chief Justice of the [[High Court of Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh|Jammu and Kashmir High Court]].<ref>{{cite news |date=22 March 2018 |title=Justice Badar Durrez Ahmed |work=Kashmir Life |url=https://kashmirlife.net/justice-badar-durrez-ahmed-issue-51-vol-09-168850/ |url-status=live |access-date=3 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220903153114/https://kashmirlife.net/justice-badar-durrez-ahmed-issue-51-vol-09-168850/ |archive-date=3 September 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Sharma |first1=Nalini |title=May the Force be with you! Justice Badar Durrez Ahmed bids farewell to Delhi HC [Read speech] |url=https://www.barandbench.com/news/justice-badar-durrez-ahmed-delhi-hc-farewell |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230709143246/https://www.barandbench.com/news/justice-badar-durrez-ahmed-delhi-hc-farewell |archive-date=9 July 2023 |access-date=3 September 2022 |website=Bar and Bench - Indian Legal news |date=29 March 2017 |language=en}}</ref> Abida was a badminton player and led the Assam team in the 1958 [[Indian National Badminton Championships|national championships]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2021-05-30 |title=How successive Indian presidents patronised sports and became champions too |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/express-sunday-eye/how-successive-indian-presidents-patronised-sports-and-became-champions-too-7335717/ |access-date=2023-06-20 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[First ladies and gentlemen of India]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control |qid=Q4880611}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ahmed, Abida}}
[[Category:20th-century Indian Muslims]]
[[Category:1923 births]]
[[Category:2003 deaths]]
[[Category:India MPs 1980–1984]]
[[Category:India MPs 1984–1989]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Aligarh Muslim University alumni]]
[[Category:First ladies and gentlemen of India]]
[[Category:People from Bareilly]]
[[Category:People from Budaun district]]
[[Category:Lok Sabha members from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Women members of Parliament from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian women politicians]]
[[Category:People from Barabanki district]]
[[Category:Women members of the Lok Sabha]]

Gandhinagar, Rajasthan Assembly constituency

2026-04-15T23:39:48Z

Evajzp: new initial info initial version

{{Short description|Former Assembly constituency in Rajasthan, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2018}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
|name = Gandhinagar
|district =
|state = [[Rajasthan]]
|electors =
| loksabha_cons =
|reservation = None
|established = 1967
|abolished = 1977
|type= SLA
}}

'''Gandhinagar''' was a constituency of the [[Rajasthan Legislative Assembly]] from 1967<ref name=election1967>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3382-rajasthan-1967/ |title=Statistical Data of Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election 1967 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=14 January 2022}}</ref> to 1977. The seat was abolished in the [[Electoral boundary delimitation|delimitation]] exercise and was renamed Banipark constituency.

In 1972, future Chief Minister [[Bhairon Singh Shekhawat]], contested from Gandhinagar as a [[Bharatiya Jana Sangh|Jana Sangh]] candidate and was defeated.<ref name="elections1972">{{cite web|title=Rajasthan Assembly Election Results in 1972|url=https://www.elections.in/rajasthan/assembly-constituencies/1972-election-results.html|accessdate=2020-06-18|website=elections.in}}</ref><ref name=election1972>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3383-rajasthan-1972/ |title=Statistical Data of Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election 1972 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=14 January 2022}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[List of constituencies of Rajasthan Legislative Assembly]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Vidhan Sabha constituencies of Rajasthan}}
{{coords|26.881|75.806|display=title}}

[[Category:Former assembly constituencies of Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Politics of Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1967]]
[[Category:1967 establishments in Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Constituencies disestablished in 1977]]
[[Category:1977 disestablishments in India]]

Bantval Assembly constituency

2026-04-14T03:53:45Z

Evajzp: put up initial stub first draft

{{short description|Legislative Assembly constituency in Karnataka State, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2021}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Bantval
| type= SLA
| constituency_no = 205
| map_image = 205-Bantval constituency.svg
| state = [[Karnataka]]
| district = [[Dakshina Kannada district|Dakshina Kannada]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Dakshina Kannada Lok Sabha constituency|Dakshina Kannada]]
| established = 1957
| reservation = None
| electors = {{formatnum:228415}} (2023)<ref name=election2023>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/15163-karnataka-2023/ |title=Karnataka Legislative Assembly Election - 2023 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |website=eci.gov.in |access-date=24 July 2023}}</ref>{{update after|2028|7}}
| incumbent_image = U Rajesh Naik.jpg
| mla = [[U. Rajesh Naik]]
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| latest_election_year = [[2023 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
| preceded_by = [[Ramanath Rai]]
}}

'''Bantval Assembly constituency''' is one of the 224 [[Karnataka Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]] constituencies of [[Karnataka]] in [[India]].<ref name=electors2019>{{cite web |url=https://www.ceokarnataka.kar.nic.in/PCELE2019/GE2019_VOTERS_COUNT.pdf |title=Karnataka Loksabha Elections - 2019 - Voters Count |website=ceokarnataka.kar.nic.in |accessdate= 10 February 2021}}</ref>

It is part of [[Dakshina Kannada district]].<ref name="brazenly communal">{{cite news |last1=Bhardwaj |first1=Amit |title=Bantwal, Karnataka’s most brazenly communal constituency |url=https://www.newslaundry.com/2018/05/05/karnataka-assembly-election-2018-bantwal-bjp-congress-modi |access-date=31 December 2021 |work=Newslaundry |date=5 May 2018}}</ref>

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Election
! Member
! colspan=2|Party
|-
| bgcolor="#FFF58A" | [[1967 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election|1967]] || K. L. Rai || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| bgcolor="#FFF58A" | [[1972 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election|1972]] || [[B. V. Kakkilaya]] || {{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India}}
|-
| [[1978 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1978]] || B. A. Mohideen || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress (I)}}
|-
| [[1983 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1983]] || N. Shiva Rao || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| [[1985 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1985]] || rowspan="4" | [[Ramanath Rai]] || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=4}}
|-
| [[1989 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1989]]
|-
| [[1994 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1994]]
|-
| [[1999 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1999]]
|-
| [[2004 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|2004]] || [[B. Nagaraja Shetty]] || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| [[2008 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|2008]] || rowspan="2" | [[Ramanath Rai]] || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[2013 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|2013]]
|-
| [[2018 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|2018]] || rowspan="2" | [[U. Rajesh Naik]] || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[2023 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
|}

== Election results ==
=== Assembly Election 2023 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2023 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]]: Bantval<ref name="Karnataka Assembly Elections 2023: Bantval">{{cite news |title=Karnataka Assembly Elections 2023: Bantval |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenMay2023/ConstituencywiseS10205.htm?ac=205 |access-date=9 April 2025 |work= |publisher=Election Commission of India |date=13 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250409133035/https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenMay2023/ConstituencywiseS10205.htm?ac=205 |archive-date=9 April 2025}}</ref>}}

{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[U. Rajesh Naik]] |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 93,324 |percentage = 50.29% |change = {{decrease}}3.28 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = [[Ramanath Rai]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 85,042 |percentage = 45.83% |change = {{increase}}1.00 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Ilyas Mohammed Thumbe |party = Social Democratic Party of India |votes = 5,436 |percentage = 2.93% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = None of the above |party = None of the above |votes = 821 |percentage = 0.44% |change = {{decrease}}0.08 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 8,282 |percentage = 4.46% |change = {{decrease}}4.29 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 185,916 |percentage = 81.39% |change = {{decrease}}1.01 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 185,572}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 228,415 |ref = |change = {{increase}}3.00 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party |swing = {{decrease}}3.28 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 2018 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2018 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|Karnataka Legislative Assembly Election, 2018]]: Bantval<ref name=election2018>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/6933-karnataka-2018/ |title=Karnataka Legislative Assembly Election - 2018 |website=Election Commission of India |accessdate= 4 February 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=BJP wins 28 out of 33 seats in coastal Karnataka, Malnad |url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/karnataka-2018/bjp-wins-28-out-of-33-seats-in-coastal-karnataka-malnad/article23893796.ece |work=The Hindu |date=15 May 2018 |language=en-IN}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[U. Rajesh Naik]] |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 97,802 |percentage = 53.57% |change = {{increase}}8.88 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = [[Ramanath Rai]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 81,831 |percentage = 44.83% |change = {{decrease}}12.36 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = None of the above |party = None of the above |votes = 946 |percentage = 0.52% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 15,971 |percentage = 8.75% |change = {{decrease}}3.75 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 182,737 |percentage = 82.40% |change = {{increase}}3.08 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 182,555}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 221,765 |ref = |change = {{increase}}12.54 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party |loser = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}3.62 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 2013 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[2013 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Bantval <ref>{{cite web |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2013 : To the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2013/StatReports2013.pdf |website=eci.nic.in |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=2014-04-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131220034253/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2013/StatReports2013.pdf |archive-date=2013-12-20 |url-status=dead}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Ramanath Rai]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 81,665 |percentage = 57.19% |change = {{increase}}11.67 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Rajesh Naik Ulipady |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 63,815 |percentage = 44.69% |change = {{increase}}0.09 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Advocate Abdul Majid |party = Social Democratic Party of India |votes = 6,113 |percentage = 4.28% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Krishnappa Poojary Kalladka |party = Janata Dal (Secular) |votes = 1,927 |percentage = 1.35% |change = {{decrease}}3.31 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Lolaksha |party = Republican Party of India (A) |votes = 1,511 |percentage = 1.06% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Ibrahim Kailara |party = Karnataka Janata Paksha |votes = 1,157 |percentage = 0.81% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 17,850 |percentage = 12.50% |change = {{increase}}11.57 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 156,301 |percentage = 79.32% |change = {{increase}}1.06 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 142,808}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 197,060 |ref = |change = {{increase}}14.02 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = {{increase}}11.67 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 2008 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[2008 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Bantval <ref>{{cite web |title=General Election Karnataka Legislative Assembly 2008 Election Statistics |url=https://www.ceokarnataka.kar.nic.in/PDFS/Previous%20Elections/Election%20Statistics%202008%20Final.pdf |publisher=Government of Karnataka |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210201232433/https://www.ceokarnataka.kar.nic.in/PDFS/Previous%20Elections/Election%20Statistics%202008%20Final.pdf |archive-date=1 February 2021 |url-status=dead}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Ramanath Rai]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 61,560 |percentage = 45.52% |change = {{increase}}0.73 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = [[B. Nagaraja Shetty]] |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 60,309 |percentage = 44.60% |change = {{decrease}}5.61 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = K. M. Ibrahim |party = Janata Dal (Secular) |votes = 6,298 |percentage = 4.66% |change = {{increase}}2.73 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Sathish Kumar Bantwal |party = Communist Party of India |votes = 3,127 |percentage = 2.31% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Ramanatha Pai |party = Independent politician |votes = 2,544 |percentage = 1.88% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = P. A. Raheem |party = Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 1,396 |percentage = 1.03% |change = {{decrease}}0.23 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 1,251 |percentage = 0.93% |change = {{decrease}}4.49 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 135,254 |percentage = 78.26% |change = {{increase}}0.21 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 135,234}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 172,836 |ref = |change = {{increase}}23.47 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Bharatiya Janata Party |swing = {{decrease}}4.69 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 2004 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[2004 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Bantval <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2004 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2004/StatisticalReports_KT_2004.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006204912/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2004/StatisticalReports_KT_2004.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[B. Nagaraja Shetty]] |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 54,860 |percentage = 50.21% |change = {{increase}}9.03 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = [[Ramanath Rai]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 48,934 |percentage = 44.79% |change = {{decrease}}12.17 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Madhava Kulal. B |party = Janata Dal (Secular) |votes = 2,113 |percentage = 1.93% |change = {{increase}}0.40 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Ramesh Bodhi. M |party = Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 1,374 |percentage = 1.26% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Shivaprasad |party = Kannada Nadu Party |votes = 1,180 |percentage = 1.08% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Krishnappa Poojary. T |party = Janata Party |votes = 795 |percentage = 0.73% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 5,926 |percentage = 5.42% |change = {{decrease}}10.35 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 109,256 |percentage = 78.05% |change = {{increase}}3.03 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 109,256}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 139,984 |ref = |change = {{increase}}17.52 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party |loser = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}6.75 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1999 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1999 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Bantval <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1999 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1999/StatisticalReport-KT99.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006053217/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1999/StatisticalReport-KT99.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Ramanath Rai]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 49,905 |percentage = 56.96% |change = {{increase}}12.68 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Shakunthala. T. Shetty |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 36,084 |percentage = 41.18% |change = {{increase}}2.49 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Flevy Dsouza |party = Janata Dal (Secular) |votes = 1,339 |percentage = 1.53% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 13,821 |percentage = 15.77% |change = {{increase}}10.18 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 89,360 |percentage = 75.02% |change = {{increase}}3.33 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 87,617}}
{{Election box rejected |votes = 1,743 |percentage = 1.95% |change = {{increase}}0.67 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 119,115 |ref = |change = {{increase}}9.68 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = {{increase}}12.68 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1994 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1994 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Bantval <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1994 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1994/StatisticalReport-KT94.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006211324/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1994/StatisticalReport-KT94.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Ramanath Rai]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 34,027 |percentage = 44.28% |change = {{decrease}}4.08 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Shakunthala. T. Shetty |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 29,734 |percentage = 38.69% |change = {{increase}}13.74 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Vijaya Kumar Rai |party = Karnataka Pradesh Congress Committee |votes = 7,393 |percentage = 9.62% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Abdul Rahiman |party = Janata Dal |votes = 4,026 |percentage = 5.24% |change = {{decrease}}18.07 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = N. Shiva Rao |party = Independent politician |votes = 905 |percentage = 1.18% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 4,293 |percentage = 5.59% |change = {{decrease}}17.82 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 77,856 |percentage = 71.69% |change = {{increase}}3.23 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 76,851}}
{{Election box rejected |votes = 998 |percentage = 1.28% |change = {{decrease}}3.61 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 108,602 |ref = |change = {{increase}}3.81 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}4.08 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1989 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1989 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Bantval <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1989 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1989/Statistical%20Report%20karnataka%201989.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101007070737/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1989/Statistical%20Report%20karnataka%201989.pdf|archive-date=7 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Ramanath Rai]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 32,939 |percentage = 48.36% |change = {{decrease}}1.60 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = H. Narayana Rai |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 16,995 |percentage = 24.95% |change = {{decrease}}9.81 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Abdul Rahiman |party = Janata Dal |votes = 15,879 |percentage = 23.31% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = John Noronha |party = Janata Party |votes = 2,304 |percentage = 3.38% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 15,944 |percentage = 23.41% |change = {{increase}}8.21 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 71,618 |percentage = 68.46% |change = {{decrease}}1.08 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 68,117}}
{{Election box rejected |votes = 3,501 |percentage = 4.89% |change = {{increase}}3.90 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 104,616 |ref = |change = {{increase}}36.61 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}1.60 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1985 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1985 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Bantval <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1985 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/Statistical%20Report%20Karnataka%201985.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006143216/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/Statistical%20Report%20Karnataka%201985.pdf |archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Ramanath Rai]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 26,344 |percentage = 49.96% |change = {{increase}}19.33 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = N. Shiva Rao |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 18,328 |percentage = 34.76% |change = {{decrease}}3.36 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = B. Vishwanath Naik |party = Communist Party of India |votes = 7,316 |percentage = 13.87% |change = {{decrease}}8.41 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Sheikh Ibrahim Saheb |party = Independent politician |votes = 742 |percentage = 1.41% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 8,016 |percentage = 15.20% |change = {{increase}}7.72 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 53,256 |percentage = 69.54% |change = {{increase}}1.37 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 52,730}}
{{Election box rejected |votes = 526 |percentage = 0.99% |change = {{decrease}}0.72 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 76,582 |ref = |change = {{increase}}10.57 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Bharatiya Janata Party |swing = {{increase}}11.84 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1983 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1983 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Bantval <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1983 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1983/Statistical%20Report%201983%20karnatkaa.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101007124742/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1983/Statistical%20Report%201983%20karnatkaa.pdf |archive-date=7 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = N. Shiva Rao |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 17,690 |percentage = 38.12% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = K. P. Abdulla |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 14,217 |percentage = 30.63% |change = {{increase}}26.70 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = B. Vishwanath Naik |party = Communist Party of India |votes = 10,342 |percentage = 22.28% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Sheikh Ibrahim Saheb |party = Independent politician |votes = 3,443 |percentage = 7.42% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = N. V. K. Bhatrakodi |party = Independent politician |votes = 717 |percentage = 1.54% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 3,473 |percentage = 7.48% |change = {{decrease}}16.70 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 47,216 |percentage = 68.17% |change = {{decrease}}10.01 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 46,409}}
{{Election box rejected |votes = 807 |percentage = 1.71% |change = {{increase}}0.19 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 69,264 |ref = |change = {{increase}}4.13 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party |loser = Indian National Congress (I) |swing = {{decrease}}22.00 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1978 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1978 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Bantval <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1978 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/Statistical%20Report%20Karnataka%201978.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101007164123/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/Statistical%20Report%20Karnataka%201978.pdf |archive-date=7 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = B. A. Mohideen |party = Indian National Congress (I) |votes = 30,790 |percentage = 60.12% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = A. Rukmayya Poojari |party = Janata Party |votes = 18,409 |percentage = 35.95% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Mahabala Shetty |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 2,015 |percentage = 3.93% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 12,381 |percentage = 24.18% |change = {{decrease}}13.85 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 52,003 |percentage = 78.18% |change = {{increase}}9.75 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 51,214}}
{{Election box rejected |votes = 789 |percentage = 1.52% |change = {{increase}}1.52 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 66,518 |ref = |change = {{decrease}}7.25 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Indian National Congress (I) |loser = Communist Party of India |swing = {{decrease}}2.39 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1972 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1972 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election]] : Bantval <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1972 to the Legislative Assembly of Mysore |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatisRep_Mysore_72.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006074555/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatisRep_Mysore_72.pdf |archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[B. V. Kakkilaya]] |party = Communist Party of India |votes = 30,031 |percentage = 62.51% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = A. Rukmayya Poojari |party = Bharatiya Jana Sangh |votes = 11,762 |percentage = 24.48% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Sheikh Ibrahim Saheb |party = Independent politician |votes = 3,843 |percentage = 8.00% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = S. I. J. Moras |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,972 |percentage = 4.10% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Ishwara Bhat Parpakaje |party = Samyukta Socialist Party |votes = 434 |percentage = 0.90% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 18,269 |percentage = 38.03% |change = {{increase}}16.33 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 49,079 |percentage = 68.43% |change = {{decrease}}4.69 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 48,042}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 71,717 |ref = |change = {{increase}}16.53 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Communist Party of India |loser = Indian National Congress |swing = {{increase}}15.31 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1967 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1967 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election]] : Bantval <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1967 to the Legislative Assembly of Mysore |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Mysore%201967.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006083645/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Mysore%201967.pdf |archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = K. L. Rai |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 20,347 |percentage = 47.20% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = A. Somayaji |party = Independent politician |votes = 10,993 |percentage = 25.50% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = M. H. Krishnappa |party = Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes = 9,666 |percentage = 22.42% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = K. A. S. L. Bangera |party = Independent politician |votes = 2,101 |percentage = 4.87% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 9,354 |percentage = 21.70% |change = }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 45,001 |percentage = 73.12% |change = }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 43,107}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 61,546 |ref = |change = }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = }}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[List of constituencies of the Karnataka Legislative Assembly]]
* [[Dakshina Kannada district]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Karnataka}}

[[Category:Dakshina Kannada district]]
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Karnataka]]
[[Category:Politics of Karnataka]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1957]]
[[Category:1957 establishments in Mysore State]]
{{coord|12.89|75.02|display=title}}

Akhaura–Agartala line

2026-04-13T22:03:17Z

Evajzp: put up initial entry w/ infobox

{{Short description|Railway line in Bangladesh and India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2023}}
{{Infobox rail line
| box_width = 28em
| name = Akhaura–Agartala line
| color =
| logo =
| logo_width =
| image =
| image_width =
| caption =
| type = Railway line
| system =
| status = Non-operational
| locale = {{plainlist|*[[Bangladesh]]
*[[India]]}}
| start = [[Akhaura Junction railway station]]
| end = [[Agartala railway station]]
| stations = 4
| routes =
| ridership =
| close =
| owner = {{plainlist|*[[Bangladesh Railway]]
*[[Indian Railways]]}}
| operator = {{plainlist|*[[East Zone (Bangladesh Railway)|East Zone]] (Bangladesh)
*[[Northeast Frontier Railway zone]] (India)}}
| character =
| depot =
| stock =
| linelength = {{Convert|12.24|km|abbr=on}}
| tracklength =
| notrack =
| gauge = {{plainlist|*[[Dual gauge]] (Bangladesh)
*[[Broad-gauge]] (India)}}
| open = 1 November 2023
| ogauge =
| minradius =
| racksystem =
| el =
| speed =
| elevation =
| website =
| map = {{Akhaura–Agartala line}}
| map_state = collapsed
}}
'''Akhaura–Agartala line''' is an international railway line between [[Brahmanbaria District|Akhaura]] in [[Bangladesh]] and [[Agartala]] in [[India|India's]] northeastern state of [[Tripura]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.banglanews24.com/india/news/bd/84427.details|title=আগরতলা-আখাউড়া রেলপথের কাজ এগোচ্ছে|website=[[Banglanews24.com]]|lang=bn|date=27 January 2012|access-date=28 November 2022|archive-date=27 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221127231637/https://www.banglanews24.com/india/news/bd/84427.details|url-status=live}}</ref> Conceived as a strategic infrastructure project, the line was expected to significantly reduce travel time between [[Kolkata]] and Agartala from 31 hours to 10 hours with lowering the cost of cargo transport between Bangladesh and [[Northeast India]]. It was also projected to bolster tourism, enhance bilateral trade and improve connectivity to other northeastern Indian states such as [[Assam]], southern [[Mizoram]] and [[Arunachal Pradesh]].

It was formally inaugurated on 1 November 2023 but remains non-operational as of 2025, with pending infrastructural works and the [[Government of India]] halting further progress in April 2025.

==History==
[[File:Akhaura Agartala Line Monument by Monir.jpg|thumb|Construction inauguration plaque at [[Akhaura Junction railway station]].]]

A [[memorandum of understanding]] was signed between the Governments of India and Bangladesh on 16 February 2013 to establish the rail connection between [[Agartala railway station]] in India's northeastern state of [[Tripura]] and [[Akhaura Junction railway station]] in Bangladesh.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/guwahati/work-on-agartala-akhaura-rail-link-to-commence-soon/articleshow/36756922.cms|title=Work on Agartala-Akhaura rail link to commence soon|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=6 February 2021|archive-date=15 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210515223320/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/guwahati/work-on-agartala-akhaura-rail-link-to-commence-soon/articleshow/36756922.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> The project involves a 12.24 km railway line, with 5.46 km on the Indian side and 6.78 km in Bangladesh.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Ghosh |first=Saptaparno |date=2023-11-09 |title=Explained {{!}} The Agartala-Akhaura rail link |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/explained-the-agartala-akhaura-rail-link/article67516621.ece |access-date=2025-04-22 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=New Akhaura-Agartala Railway Link to Reduce Travel Time, Spur Commerce |url=https://www.sasec.asia/index.php?page=news&nid=1540&url=new-akhaura-agartala-rail-link-reduce-travel-time#:~:text=Bangladesh%20Prime%20Minister%20Sheikh%20Hasina,held%20on%201%20November%202023. |access-date=2025-04-22 |website=SASEC |language=en-US}}</ref>

The total cost of the project was estimated at {{INR|972.52}} crore, covering both the Indian and Bangladeshi portions. The Indian segment was initially sanctioned at {{INR|580}} crore, but the estimate was later revised, all of which has been released by the [[Ministry of Development of North Eastern Region]]. The Bangladeshi segment is being built at a cost of {{INR|392.52}} crore, funded through grant assistance by India’s [[Ministry of External Affairs (India)|Ministry of External Affairs]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Singh |first=Bikash |date=2023-11-01 |title=New India-Bangladesh rail line to cut distance between NE states and Kolkata to 500 km against existing 1600 km |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/transportation/railways/new-india-bangladesh-rail-line-to-cut-distance-between-ne-states-and-kolkata-to-500-km-against-existing-1600-km/articleshow/104891378.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2025-04-22 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref>

Construction began on 29 July 2018, but the project faced delays due to the [[COVID-19 pandemic]] and missed several deadlines, initially 2020, then pushed to May 2021,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://dbcnews.tv/articles/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%96%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%89%E0%A7%9C%E0%A6%BE-%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE-%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%A5-%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%9F-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%9C%E0%A6%B2-%E0%A7%A8%E0%A7%A6%E0%A7%A8%E0%A7%A7-%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4|title=আখাউড়া-আগরতলা রেলপথ: সময় বাড়ল ২০২১ সালের মে পর্যন্ত|lang=bn|date=4 October 2020|access-date=28 November 2022|website=Dbcnews.tv|archive-date=5 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230205043318/https://dbcnews.tv/articles/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%96%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%89%E0%A7%9C%E0%A6%BE-%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE-%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%A5-%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%9F-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%9C%E0%A6%B2-%E0%A7%A8%E0%A7%A6%E0%A7%A8%E0%A7%A7-%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4|url-status=live}}</ref> June 2022<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.prothomalo.com/bangladesh/district/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%96%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%89%E0%A7%9C%E0%A6%BE-%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE-%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%A5%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF-%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A7%9F%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B6-%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%80|title=আখাউড়া-আগরতলা রেলপথের অগ্রগতি নিয়ে হতাশ রেলমন্ত্রী|lang=bn|date=7 April 2022|access-date=28 November 2022|newspaper=[[Prothom Alo]]|archive-date=27 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221127231227/https://www.prothomalo.com/bangladesh/district/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%96%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%89%E0%A7%9C%E0%A6%BE-%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE-%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%A5%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF-%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A7%9F%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B6-%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%80|url-status=live}}</ref> and June 2023.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://bangla.thedailystar.net/news/bangladesh/news-413911|title=আখাউড়া-আগরতলা রেলপথ: ৪ বছরেও শেষ হয়নি ১৮ মাসের প্রকল্প|lang=bn|first=Masuk|last=Hridoy|date=9 November 2022|access-date=28 November 2022|newspaper=[[The Daily Star (Bangladesh)|The Daily Star]]|archive-date=27 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221127230936/https://bangla.thedailystar.net/news/bangladesh/news-413911|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/north-east-india/88-agartala-akhaura-international-railway-connectivity-project-complete-work-finish-next-5-6-months-tripura-transport-minister-8526468/lite/|title=88% of Agartala-Akhaura international railway connectivity project complete, work to finish in next 5-6 months: Tripura transport minister|first=Debraj|last=Deb|date=29 March 2023|access-date=4 April 2023|newspaper=[[The Indian Express]]}}</ref>

A trial run of an empty container train was conducted successfully in September 2023.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/freight-train-trial-conducted-in-agartala-akhaura-rail-route/article67308604.ece/ | title=Freight train trial conducted in Agartala-Akhaura rail route | newspaper=The Hindu | date=14 September 2023 | last1=Ali | first1=Syed Sajjad }}</ref> The line was inaugurated on 1 November 2023 in a virtual ceremony by Indian Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]] and Bangladeshi Prime Minister [[Sheikh Hasina]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/akhaura-agartala-rail-link-inauguration-historic-pm-modi-bangladeshs-sheikh-hasina-jointly-unveil-3-development-projects-9008701/lite/ | title='Historic': PM Modi, Bangladesh PM Sheikh Hasina inaugurate cross-border rail link | date=2 November 2023|access-date=2 November 2023|newspaper=[[The Indian Express]]}}</ref>

The Indian portion was executed by [[Ircon International|IRCON International Limited]], while the Bangladeshi portion was handled by [[Bangladesh Railway]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-08-15 |title=Agartala-Akhaura rail line to be completed by December: Official |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/business/infrastructure-agartala-akhaura-rail-line-to-be-completed-by-december-official-2311303/ |access-date=2025-04-22 |website=Financialexpress |language=en}}</ref> A notable infrastructure element on the Indian side is a 3.7 km viaduct, designed to minimize the impact on cultivable land.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-07-10 |title=Land acquisition for Bangladesh rail link to start soon |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/land-acquisition-for-bangladesh-rail-link-to-start-soon-2905047/ |access-date=2025-04-22 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> The railway features dual gauge tracks in Bangladesh and broad gauge tracks in India.

As of 2025, despite the inauguration, regular passenger and freight services remain non-operational due to incomplete approach infrastructure.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-05-21 |title=Fueling Tripura – Bangladesh connectivity! Maitri Setu and Agartala-Akhaura Rail link to start operations soon, says CM Manik Saha |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/fueling-tripura-bangladesh-connectivity-maitri-setu-and-agartala-akhaura-rail-link-to-start-operations-soon-says-cm-manik-saha/3492587/ |access-date=2025-04-22 |website=Financialexpress |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Porecha |first=Maitri |date=2024-08-06 |title=Turmoil in Bangladesh delays Agartala-Akhaura line connectivity project further |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/turmoil-in-bangladesh-delays-agartala-akhaura-line-connectivity-project-further/article68493141.ece |access-date=2025-04-23 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-04-27 |title=Tripura: Cross-Border Projects Worth Rs 1,300 Crore Stalled Amid Bangladesh Political Unrest |url=https://www.business-northeast.com/tripura-cross-border-projects-stalled-bangladesh-unrest |access-date=2025-05-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250427083046/https://www.business-northeast.com/tripura-cross-border-projects-stalled-bangladesh-unrest |archive-date=27 April 2025 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Seli |first=Yeshi |date=2024-08-30 |title=Turmoil in Bangladesh likely to stall bilateral projects involving India |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/world/2024/Aug/30/turmoil-in-bangladesh-likely-to-stall-bilateral-projects-involving-india |access-date=2025-04-23 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> In April 2025, Government of India halted the project, citing the ongoing political turmoil in Bangladesh and concerns over the safety of labour.<ref>{{Cite web |title=India Halts Rail Projects In Bangladesh Amid Political Turmoil: Report |url=https://www.ndtv.com/world-news/india-halts-rail-projects-in-bangladesh-amid-political-turmoil-in-dhaka-8225203 |access-date=2025-05-01 |website=NDTV |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Law |first=Abhishek |date=2025-04-20 |title=Amidst Indo-Bangladesh tensions, railways halts connectivity initiative project funding |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/economy/logistics/amidst-indo-bangladesh-tensions-railways-halts-connectivity-initiative-project-funding/article69470722.ece |access-date=2025-05-01 |website=BusinessLine |language=en}}</ref>

==Tourism==

Daily [[Borders_of_India#Border_ceremonies|India-Bangladesh Border Ceremony]] is held at the border.

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://pib.gov.in/newsite/erelcontent.aspx?relid=99444#:~:text=The%20Governments%20of%20India%20and%20Bangladesh%20have,Express%2C%20runs%20between%20Kolkata%20and%20Dhaka%20Cantonment. Press Information Bureau - Ministry of Railways]
*[https://pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=1983579 Press Information Bureau - Ministry of Development of North-East Region]

[[Category:Brahmanbaria District]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Agartala]]
[[Category:Dual gauge railways in Bangladesh]]
[[Category:5 ft 6 in gauge railways in India]]
[[Category:Bangladesh–India relations]]
[[Category:Cross-border railway lines in Bangladesh]]
[[Category:2023 establishments in Bangladesh]]
[[Category:2023 establishments in India]]
[[Category:Railway lines opened in 2023]]
{{DEFAULTSORT:Akhaura-Agartala line}}

Kamathipura Nagpada Assembly constituency

2026-04-09T18:08:32Z

Evajzp: started new entry.

{{Short description|Constituency of the Maharashtra legislative assembly in India}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Kamathipura Nagpada
| type= SLA
| state = Maharashtra
| established = 1951 <ref name="delimitation1951">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3968-dpaco-1951/ |title=DPACO (1951) - Archive Delimitation Orders - Election Commission of India |access-date= 9 December 2020 |pages=344-357}}</ref>
| abolished = 1955 <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.eci.gov.in/146-archive-delimitation-orders |title= Archive Delimitation Orders - Final Order DC (1953-1955) |access-date=31 January 2026 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref>
| electors = 53,364
| mla = Tulla, Vishwanathrao Rajanna
| party = {{Party index link|Indian National Congress}}
| constituency_no =
| latest_election_year = [[1952 Bombay State Legislative Assembly election|1952]]
| district =
| loksabha_cons =
| reservation = None
}}
Kamathipura Nagpada Assembly constituency was an assembly constituency in the [[India]] [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Maharashtra]].
==Members of the Legislative Assembly==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Election
! Member
! colspan=2|Party
|-
| bgcolor="#FFB2B2" | [[1952 Bombay State Legislative Assembly election|1952]] || Tulla, Vishwanathrao Rajanna || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|}

==Election results==
=== Assembly Election 1952 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1952 Bombay State Legislative Assembly election]] : Kamathipura Nagpada <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1951 to the Legislative Assembly of Bombay |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/StatReport_51_BOMBAY.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114083220/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/StatReport_51_BOMBAY.pdf |archive-date=14 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Tulla, Vishwanathrao Rajanna |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 12,321 |percentage = 49.37% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Peerbhoy Akbar Abedin |party = Socialist Party (India, 1948) |votes = 8,456 |percentage = 33.88% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Shaikh, Abdul Majid Mohmad Baksha |party = Independent politician |votes = 2,828 |percentage = 11.33% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Shaikh Mohmad Hussein |party = Independent politician |votes = 938 |percentage = 3.76% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Gavli, Rajaram Mallayya |party = Kisan Mazdoor Praja Party |votes = 414 |percentage = 1.66% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 3,865 |percentage = 15.49% |change = }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 24,957 |percentage = 46.77% |change = }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 24,957}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 53,364 |ref = |change = }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = }}
{{Election box end}}

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Assembly constituencies of Maharashtra}}
[[Category:Former assembly constituencies of Maharashtra]][[Constituencies established in 1951]]
{{coord missing|Maharashtra}}
{{Maharashtra-geo-stub}}

Jaguar (2016 film)

2026-03-24T23:56:34Z

Evajzp: expanded content

{{short description|2016 film by A. Mahadev}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2016}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Jaguar
| image = Jaguar Film Poster.jpg
| caption =
| director = A. Mahadev
| producer = [[Anitha Kumaraswamy]]
| screenplay = A. Mahadev
| story = [[V. Vijayendra Prasad]]
| starring = {{Plainlist|
*[[Nikhil Kumaraswamy]]
*[[Deepti Sati]]
}}
| cinematography = [[Manoj Paramahamsa]]
| music = [[Thaman S]]
| editing = [[Ruben (film editor)|Ruben]]
| studio = Channambika Films
| released = {{film date|2016|10|06|df=yes}}
| runtime = 144 minutes
| country = India
| language = {{ubl|Telugu|Kannada}}
}}

'''''Jaguar''''' is a 2016 Indian [[vigilante film|vigilante]] [[action film]] directed by A. Mahadev from a story by [[V. Vijayendra Prasad]] and produced by [[H. D. Kumaraswamy]] under Channambika Films. The film, shot simultaneously in [[Kannada]] and [[Telugu language|Telugu]] languages, stars [[Nikhil Kumaraswamy]], alongside [[Deepti Sati]], [[Jagapathi Babu]], [[Aadarsh Balakrishna]], [[Ramya Krishnan]], [[Rao Ramesh]], [[Sampath Raj]], [[Adithya Menon]], [[Ravi Kale]], [[Supreeth]] and [[Saurav Lokesh]] in supporting roles. The music was composed by [[Thaman S]], while the cinematography and editing were handled by [[Manoj Paramahamsa]] and [[Ruben (film editor)|Ruben]] respectively.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Kumaraswamy invites Pawan Kalyan for his son's Jaguar Audio launch |url=http://www.ibtimes.co.in/photos/kumaraswamy-invites-pawan-kalyan-his-sons-jaguar-audio-launch-7685-slide-46764 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220408001639/https://www.ibtimes.co.in/photos/kumaraswamy-invites-pawan-kalyan-his-sons-jaguar-audio-launch-7685-slide-46764 |archive-date=8 April 2022 |access-date=1 September 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=17 December 2015 |title=LAUNCHED: HDK's Son Nikhil Kumar Debut Movie 'Jaguar' (Video) |url=http://www.filmibeat.com/kannada/news/2015/launched-hd-kumaraswamy-son-nikhil-kumar-debut-movie-jaguar-208769.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160731001741/http://www.filmibeat.com/kannada/news/2015/launched-hd-kumaraswamy-son-nikhil-kumar-debut-movie-jaguar-208769.html |archive-date=31 July 2016 |access-date=27 July 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=17 December 2015 |title=H. D. Kumaraswamy's son Nikhil debuts with Jaguar |url=http://www.tollytracking.com/h-d-kumaraswamys-son-nikhil-debuts-with-jaguar |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160817154954/http://www.tollytracking.com/h-d-kumaraswamys-son-nikhil-debuts-with-jaguar/ |archive-date=17 August 2016 |access-date=27 July 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Gowda plans grand film debut for grandson, Baahubali writer has penned script |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/hd-deve-gowda-grandson-nikhil-kumaraswamy-vijayendra-prasad-338628-2016-09-01 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170124115354/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/hd-deve-gowda-grandson-nikhil-kumaraswamy-vijayendra-prasad/1/754564.html |archive-date=24 January 2017 |access-date=1 September 2016}}</ref>

== Plot ==
Krishna disguises himself in a [[Vigilantism|vigilante]] costume and kills a [[Judge]], broadcasting the act on SS Channels, a leading [[news channel]]. Krishna joins SS [[medical college]] and behaves carefreely, which earns the ire of senior student leader Arya. Krishna soon falls for Priya, Arya's sister. Although Priya initially gets irritated by Krishna's antics, she warms up to him after he saves a patient from [[myocardial infarction|heart attack]]. Later, Krishna wears a helmet and attempts to molest Priya, but she escapes and informs Arya. Arya assumes that Ajay, a womaniser and the son of SS College Chairman Somnath Prasad, is behind this as he has a history of such behaviour. Arya and the students form a strike in front of the college.

Meanwhile, a [[Central Bureau of Investigation|CBI]] officer is appointed to investigate the Judge's death where he dubs the killer as ''[[Jaguar]]''. The officer interrogates SS Channel [[Chief executive officer|CEO]] Shouri Prasad, whom pays no heed. Somnath Prasad hires [[Assistant commissioner of police|ACP]] ''Encounter'' Shankar to call off the students' strike, but Krishna kills Shankar in an amusement park, where he steals Arya's phone and sends the pictures of himself, SS Brothers and Ajay to the CBI officer, stating that he will kill them. This makes the SS brothers believe that Arya is Jaguar. The SS brothers invite Krishna to stay in their house to learn more about Jaguar. Ajay plans to kidnap Arya as a fake Jaguar and kill him in live on air, but Krishna saves Arya and kills Ajay.

The SS brothers plan to kill Arya, but Krishna tells them to bribe him. When they meet, Arya denies it and throws Krishna out of the college. The SS brothers plan to tarnish Arya's reputation. They reveal to Krishna that Shivaprasad, an [[Altruism|altruistic]] doctor, was framed by SS brothers for a schoolgirl's death, leading to his suicide. However, Krishna brings his mother to their house and reveals himself as Shivaprasad's son. Krishna exposes their crimes to the public, having inserting live cameras in their house, and kills the henchman and Somnath Prasad. Krishna brings Shouri Prasad in front of the college. In the aftermath, Shouri Prasad gets arrested by the police, while Krishna finally reunites with his mother, Priya and Arya, and opens an orphanage in Shivaprasad's memory.

==Cast==
{{cast listing|
* [[Nikhil Kumaraswamy]] as SS Krishna / "Jaguar"
* [[Deepti Sati]] as Priya, Krishna's love interest and Arya's sister
* [[Jagapathi Babu]] as CBI Officer
* [[Aadarsh Balakrishna]] as Arya, Priya's brother
* [[Rao Ramesh]] as Dr Shivaprasad, Krishna's father
* [[Ramya Krishnan]] as Raja Lakshmi, Krishna's mother
* [[Sampath Raj]] as Shouri Prasad
* [[Adithya Menon]] as Somnath Prasad
* [[Vidyullekha Raman]] as Priya's friend
* [[Avinash Yelandur|Avinash]] as College Principal
* [[Raghu Babu]] as CBI Officer Raghu
* [[Saurav Lokesh]] as Ajay
* [[Supreeth]] as "Encounter" Shankar
* [[Ravi Kale]] as Judge (Former Advocate)
* [[Sadhu Kokila]] (Kannada) / [[Brahmanandam]] (Telugu) as fake Jaguar
* [[Prashanth Siddi]]
* [[Rajesh Nataranga]]
;Cameo appearance
* [[Kavita Radheshyam]]
* [[Tamannaah Bhatia]] in the song "Sampige"
}}

==Production==
In December 2015, it was announced that [[Nikhil Kumaraswamy]], the son of [[H. D. Kumaraswamy]] would make his acting debut in the film titled ''Jaguar'', with the story written by [[V. Vijayendra Prasad]] and A. Mahadev as the director.<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 June 2015 |title=IndiaGlitz - Jaguar is HDK son Nikil - Kannada Movie News |url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/jaguar-is-hdk-son-nikil-kannada-news-135026.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230513085215/https://www.indiaglitz.com/jaguar-is-hdk-son-nikil-kannada-news-135026.html |archive-date=13 May 2023 |access-date=20 March 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=15 June 2015 |title=Deve Gowda's grandson set for big screen debut |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/entertainment-others/deve-gowdas-grandson-set-for-big-screen-debut/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160805091204/http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/entertainment-others/deve-gowdas-grandson-set-for-big-screen-debut/ |archive-date=5 August 2016 |access-date=1 August 2016}}</ref>

== Music ==
{{Infobox album
| name = Jaguar
| type = soundtrack
| artist = [[Thaman S]]
| released = 2 September 2016
| recorded = 2016
| genre = [[Soundtrack|Feature film soundtrack]]
| length = 24:38 / 23:13
| language = Kannada / Telugu
| label = [[T-Series (company)|T-Series]] / [[Lahari Music]]
| director = Thaman S
| prev_title = [[Thikka]]
| prev_year = 2016
| next_title = [[Shivalinga (2017 film)|Shivalinga]]
| next_year = 2017
}}{{External media| audio1 = {{YouTube|UfbqlhQOn8Y| Kannada Audio Jukebox}}|audio2 = {{YouTube|973Z4QvIwjA| Telugu Audio Jukebox}}}}

The film's music, composed by [[Thaman S]], includes six tracks for the Kannada version and five tracks for the Telugu version.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jaguar (Kannada) |url=https://wynk.in/music/album/jaguar-kannada/hu_20972839 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240715085143/https://wynk.in/music/album/jaguar-kannada/hu_20972839 |archive-date=15 July 2024 |access-date=15 July 2024 |website=Wynk Music}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Jaguar (Telugu) |url=https://wynk.in/music/album/jaguar-telugu/hu_8903431622488 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240715085328/https://wynk.in/music/album/jaguar-telugu/hu_8903431622488 |archive-date=15 July 2024 |access-date=15 July 2024 |website=Wynk Music}}</ref>

{{track listing
| headline = Kannada
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Get Set Go Ready
| length1 = 03:45
| lyrics1 = Chethan Kumar
| extra1 = [[Chandan Shetty]]
| title2 = Priya Priya
| length2 = 05:23
| lyrics2 = Chandan Shetty
| extra2 = [[Rahul Nambiar]]
| title3 = Selfie
| length3 = 04:47
| lyrics3 = Chandan Shetty
| extra3 = [[Mika Singh]], [[Kanika Kapoor]]
| title4 = Mamaseetha
| length4 = 04:38
| lyrics4 = Chethan Kumar
| extra4 = [[Karthik (singer)|Karthik]], [[Megha (singer)|Megha]]
| title5 = Sampige
| length5 = 04:40
| lyrics5 = [[Ramajogayya Sastry]]
| extra5 = Deepak, Sammeera
| title6 = Theme
| length6 = 01:25
| note6 = [[Instrumental]]
| total_length =24:38
}}

{{track listing
| headline = Telugu
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| all_lyrics = Ramajogayya Sastry
| title1 = Get Set Go Ready
| length1 =03:45
| extra1 = [[Ranjith (singer)|Ranjith]]
| title2 = Nammave Bujji Thalle
| length2 =05:23
| extra2 = [[Rahul Nambiar]]
| title3 = Andaniki Selfie Ve
| length3 =04:47
| extra3 = [[Mika Singh]], [[Kanika Kapoor]]
| title4 = Ma Ma Mama Seetha
| length4 =04:38
| extra4 = [[Karthik (singer)|Karthik]], [[Megha (singer)|Megha]]
| title5 = Mandara Thailam
| length5 =04:40
| extra5 = Deepak, Sanjana
| total_length = 23:13
}}

== Release ==
''Jaguar'' was released worldwide on 6 October 2016 to mixed reviews from critics.
<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 September 2016 |title=Jaguar Releasing On October 6 |url=http://www.chitraloka.com/news/13786-jaguar-releasing-on-october-6.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161009103253/http://www.chitraloka.com/news/13786-jaguar-releasing-on-october-6.html |archive-date=9 October 2016 |access-date=6 October 2016 |publisher=Chitraloka}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=1st ticket of jaguar finds Rs 10-lakh bid |url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/1st-ticket-of-jaguar-finds-Rs-10-lakh-bid/2016/09/22/article3626534.ece |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160923225249/http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/1st-ticket-of-jaguar-finds-Rs-10-lakh-bid/2016/09/22/article3626534.ece |archive-date=23 September 2016 |access-date=23 September 2016 |website=The New Indian Express}}</ref>

== Reception ==
Sunayana Suresh of ''[[The Times of India]]'' wrote "''Jaguar'' is a slick, stylish film that has all the necessary commercial elements that one requires to impress the fans.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-reviews/movie-review-jaguar/movie-review/54714353.cms|title=Jaguar Movie Review|website=The Times of India}}</ref> Shyam Prasad S of ''[[Bangalore Mirror]]'' wrote "Jaguar is a good film only because it has a newcomer. It has the kind of budget-induced grandeur and big names that most debutants can only dream of."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/reviews/movie-review-jaguar/articleshow/54718556.cms|title=Movie Review: Jaguar|website=Bangalore Mirror}}</ref> Rakesh Mehar of ''[[The News Minute]]'' wrote "Jaguar is all about Nikhil Kumar, and he has the ripped body, fighting and dancing skills to deliver as an action star."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/features/review-deve-gowdas-grandson-starrer-jaguar-has-so-much-style-you-wont-bother-looking|title=Review: Deve Gowda's grandson starrer 'Jaguar' has so much style you won't bother looking for substance|website=The News Minute |date=8 October 2016 }}</ref> A. Sharadhaa of ''[[The New Indian Express]]'' wrote "Jaguar is purely Nikhil’s film and his hardwork is evident on screen."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/review/2016/Oct/08/nikhil-roars-in-jaguar-1526055.html|title=Review: Nikhil roars in Jaguar|website=The New Indian Express |date=8 October 2016 }}</ref>

==Awards and nominations==
{| class=wikitable
|-
! Award
! Category
! Recipient
! Result
! Ref.
|-
|rowspan=10|[[6th South Indian International Movie Awards]]
|[[South Indian International Movie Awards|Best Debut Actor - Kannada]]
|rowspan=2|[[Nikhil Kumaraswamy]]
|{{won}}
|rowspan=10|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nominations list for the SIIMA 2017 announced! |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/nominations-list-for-the-siima-2017-announced-news-tnpl-rgbk0Mbjijgdf.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170605234542/http://www.sify.com/movies/nominations-list-for-the-siima-2017-announced-news-tnpl-rgbk0Mbjijgdf.html |archive-date=5 June 2017 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=1 July 2017 |title=SIIMA 2017 Day 1: Jr NTR bags Best Actor, Kirik Party wins Best Film |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/siima-2017-jr-ntr-bags-best-actor-kirik-party-wins-best-film-1021817-2017-07-01 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20180330143249/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/siima-2017-jr-ntr-bags-best-actor-kirik-party-wins-best-film-1021817-2017-07-01 |archive-date=30 March 2018 |access-date=19 January 2020 |website=India Today}}</ref>
|-
|Best Debut Actor - Telugu
|{{nom}}
|-
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|6024364}}

[[Category:2016 films]]
[[Category:2016 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:2016 Kannada-language films]]
[[Category:Indian romantic action films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Thaman S]]
[[Category:Indian multilingual films]]
[[Category:2016 masala films]]
[[Category:Techno-thriller films]]
[[Category:Indian heist films]]
[[Category:Films shot in Bengaluru]]
[[Category:Films shot in Switzerland]]
[[Category:Films shot at Ramoji Film City]]
[[Category:2016 multilingual films]]
[[Category:2010s heist films]]

List of parliamentary constituencies in Jammu and Kashmir

2026-03-22T12:56:34Z

Evajzp: enhance formatting and fixed typos for clarity

{{short description|None}}
[[Rajya sabha]] has 4 seats

[[Lok sabha]] has 5 seats
==Rajya Sabha==
The [[Rajya Sabha]] (meaning the "Council of States") is the upper house of the [[Parliament of India]]. [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]] state elects Four members and they are indirectly elected by the [[Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly|state legislators of Jammu and Kashmir]]. The number of seats allocated to the party, are determined by the number of seats a party possesses during nomination and the party nominates a member to be voted on. Elections within the state legislatures are held using [[Single transferable vote]] with [[proportional representation]].

===List of members===

Source: Parliament of India (Rajya Sabha)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rajya Sabha members |url=https://rajyasabha.nic.in/rsnew/member_site/memberstatewise.aspx}}</ref>

'''Keys:'''
{{Party legend|Jammu & Kashmir National Conference|3}}
{{Party legend|Bharatiya Janata Party|1}}

{| class="wikitable sortable"
!#
! style="width:200px" | Name<ref name="members">{{cite web|title=Statewise List|url=http://164.100.47.5/Newmembers/memberstatewise.aspx|website=164.100.47.5|accessdate=12 June 2016}}</ref>
!colspan="2"| Party
!Term start
!Term end
|-
|1
|[[Sajjad Ahmad Kichloo]]
|{{Party name with color|Jammu & Kashmir National Conference|rowspan=3}}
|24-Oct-2025
|23-Oct-2031
|-
|2
|Chowdhary Mohammad Ramzan
|24-Oct-2025
|23-Oct-2031
|-
|3
|Gurvinder Singh Oberoi
|24-Oct-2025
|23-Oct-2031
|-
|4
|[[Sat Paul Sharma]]
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|24-Oct-2025
|23-Oct-2031
|-
|}
==Lok Sabha==

===Current constituencies===
The [[Lok Sabha]] (meaning "House of the People") is the lower house of the [[Parliament of India]]. The [[union territory]] of [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]] elects 5 members and they are directly elected by the electorates of Jammu and Kashmir. Members are elected for five years. The number of seats, allocated to the state/union territory are determined by the population of the state/union territory.

[[File:Jammu & Kashmir Wahlkreise Lok Sabha (2022).svg|thumb|Lok Sabha constituencies of [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]]]]

'''Keys: '''
{{legend2|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} |[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] (2) |border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
{{legend2|{{party color|Jammu & Kashmir National Conference}}|[[Jammu & Kashmir National Conference|JKNC]] (2) |border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
{{legend2|{{party color|Independent (politician)}}|[[Independent (politician)]] (1) |border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
 Source: Parliament of India (Lok Sabha)<ref>{{Cite web| title=Members of Rajya Sabha J&K | url=https://www.ceojk.nic.in/pdf/MEMBERS%20OF%20RAJYA%20SABHA.pdf | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160401205018/http://ceojk.nic.in/pdf/MEMBERS%20OF%20RAJYA%20SABHA.pdf | archive-date=2016-04-01}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!No.
!Name
!Reserved for (SC/ST/None)
!Assembly constituency segment
!Current member
!colspan="2"|Party
|-
| align="center"|1 || [[Baramulla Lok Sabha constituency|Baramulla]] || align="center"|None
| 1. [[Karnah Assembly constituency|Karnah]] 2. [[Trehgam Assembly constituency|Trehgam]] 3. [[Kupwara Assembly constituency|Kupwara]] 4. [[Lolab Assembly constituency|Lolab]] 5. [[Handwara Assembly constituency|Handwara]] 6. [[Langate Assembly constituency|Langate]] 7. [[Sopore Assembly constituency|Sopore]] 8. [[Rafiabad Assembly constituency|Rafiabad]] 9. [[Uri Assembly constituency|Uri]] 10.[[Baramulla Assembly constituency|Baramulla]] 11. [[Gulmarg Assembly constituency|Gulmarg]] 12. [[Wagoora-Kreeri Assembly constituency|Wagoora Kreeri]] 13. [[Pattan Assembly constituency|Pattan]] 14. [[Sonawari Assembly constituency|Sonawari]] 15. [[Bandipora Assembly constituency|Bandipora]] 16. [[Gurez Assembly constituency|Gurez]] 27. [[Budgam Assembly constituency|Budgam]] 28. [[Beerwah Assembly constituency|Beerwah]]|| [[Sheikh Abdul Rashid]]||{{Full party name with color|Independent (politician)}}
|-
| align="center"|2 || [[Srinagar Lok Sabha constituency|Srinagar]] || align="center"|None
|17. [[Kangan Assembly constituency|Kangan]] 18. [[Ganderbal Assembly constituency|Ganderbal]] 19. [[Hazratbal Assembly constituency|Hazratbal]] 21. [[Habba Kadal Assembly constituency|Habba Kadal]] 22. [[Lal Chowk Assembly constituency|Lal Chowk]] 22. [[Channapora Assembly constituency|Channapora]] 24. [[Zadibal Assembly constituency|Zadibal]] 25. [[Eidgah Assembly constituency|Eidgah]] 26. [[Central Shalteng Assembly constituency|Central Shalteng]] 29. [[Khan Sahib Assembly constituency|Khan Sahib]] 30. [[Charari Sharief Assembly constituency|Charari Sharief]] 31. [[Chadoora Assembly constituency|Chadoora]] 32. [[Pampore]] 33. [[Pulwama]] 34. [[Pulwama]] 35. [[Rajpora]] 37.[[Shopian]] || [[Aga Syed Ruhullah Mehdi]]|| {{Full party name with color|Jammu & Kashmir National Conference}}
|-
| align="center"|3 || [[Anantnag-Rajouri (Lok Sabha constituency)|Anantnag-Rajouri]] || align="center"|None
| 36. [[Zainapora Assembly constituency|Zainapora]] 38. [[Damhal Hanji Pora Assembly constituency|D.H Pora]] 39. [[Kulgam Assembly constituency|Kulgam]] 40. [[Devsar, Jammu and Kashmir Assembly constituency|Devsar]] 41. [[Dooru Assembly constituency|Dooru]] 42. [[Kokernag Assembly constituency|Kokernag]] 43. [[Anantnag West Assembly constituency|Anantnag West]] 44. [[Anantnag Assembly constituency|Anantnag]] 45. [[Srigufwara–Bijbehara Assembly constituency|Srigufwara–Bijbehara]] 46. [[Shangus–Anantnag East Assembly constituency|Shangus]] 47. [[Pahalgam Assembly constituency|Pahalgam]] 84. [[Nowshera Assembly constituency|Nowshera]] 85. [[Rajouri Assembly constituency|Rajouri]] 86. [[Budhal Assembly constituency|Budhal]] 87. [[Thannamandi Assembly constituency|Thannamandi]] 88. [[Surankote Assembly constituency|Surankote]] 89. [[Poonch Haveli Assembly constituency|Poonch Haveli]] 90. [[Mendhar Assembly constituency|Mendhar]]|| [[Mian Altaf Ahmed Larvi]]|| {{Full party name with color|Jammu & Kashmir National Conference}}
|-
| align="center"|4 || [[Udhampur Lok Sabha constituency|Udhampur]] || align="center"|None
|48. [[Inderwal Assembly constituency|Inderwal]] 49. [[Kishtwar Assembly constituency|Kishtwar]] 50. [[Padder-Nagseni Assembly constituency|Padder-Nagseni]] 51. [[Bhaderwah Assembly constituency|Bhadarwah]] 52. [[Doda Assembly constituency|Doda]] 53. [[Doda West Assembly constituency|Doda West]] 54. [[Ramban Assembly constituency|Ramban]] 55. [[Banihal Assembly constituency|Banihal]] 59. [[Udhampur West Assembly constituency|Udhampur West]] 60. [[Udhampur East Assembly constituency|Udhampur East]] 61. [[Chenani Assembly constituency|Chenani]] 62. [[Ramnagar, Jammu and Kashmir Assembly constituency|Ramnagar]] 63. [[Bani Assembly constituency|Bani]] 64. [[Billawar Assembly constituency|Billawar]] 65. [[Basohli Assembly constituency|Basholi]] 66. [[Jasrota Assembly constituency|Jasrota]] 67. [[Kathua Assembly constituency|Kathua]] 68. [[Hiranagar Assembly constituency|Hiranagar]] || [[Jitendra Singh (politician, born 1956)|Dr. Jitendra Singh]] || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| align="center"|5 || [[Jammu Lok Sabha constituency|Jammu]] || align="center"|None
|56. [[Gulabgarh Assembly constituency|Gulabgarh]] 57. [[Reasi Assembly constituency|Reasi]] 58. [[Shri Mata Vaishno Devi Assembly constituency|Shri Mata Vaishno Devi]] 69. [[Ramgarh, Jammu and Kashmir Assembly constituency|Ramgarh]] 70. [[Samba Assembly constituency|Samba]] 71. [[Vijaypur, Jammu and Kashmir Assembly constituency|Vijaypur]] 72. [[Bishnah Assembly constituency|Bishnah]] 73. [[Suchetgarh Assembly constituency|Suchetgarh]] 74. [[Ranbir Singh Pora-Jammu South Assembly constituency|R.S. Pora]] 75. [[Bahu Assembly constituency|Bahu]] 76. [[Jammu East Assembly constituency|Jammu East]] 77. [[Nagrota, Jammu and Kashmir Assembly constituency|Nagrota]] 78. [[Jammu West Assembly constituency|Jammu West]] 79. [[Jammu North Assembly constituency|Jammu North]] 74. [[Bishnah Assembly constituency|Bishnah]] 80. [[Marh Assembly constituency|Marh]] 81. [[Akhnoor Assembly constituency|Akhnoor]] 82. [[Chhamb Assembly constituency|Chhamb]] 83. [[Kalakote-Sunderbani Assembly constituency|Kalankote]] || [[Jugal Kishore Sharma]] || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|}

==See also==
* [[List of constituencies of the Lok Sabha]]
* [[List of constituencies of the Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Jammu and Kashmir elections}}
[[Category:Elections in Jammu and Kashmir]]
[[Category:Jammu and Kashmir-related lists|Parliamentary constituencies]]

Tapan Assembly constituency

2026-03-18T14:15:59Z

Evajzp: minor edit

{{Use Indian English|date=January 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2021}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Tapan
| type = SLA
| map_image = {{Maplink|frame=yes|plain=y|frame-width=300|frame-height=300|frame-align=center|type=shape|from=Vidhan Sabha constituencies/West Bengal/Tapan.map}}
| map_caption = Interactive Map Outlining Tapan Assembly Constituency
| map_alt =
| state = [[West Bengal]]
| district = [[Dakshin Dinajpur district|Dakshin Dinajpur]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Balurghat Lok Sabha constituency|Balurghat]]
| constituency_no = 40
| established = 1962
| reservation = ST
| abolished =
| mla = [[Budhrai Tudu]]
| party = {{Party index link|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| alliance = {{Party index link|National Democratic Alliance}}
| latest_election_year = [[2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2021]]
| electors = 220,236
}}

'''Tapan Assembly constituency''' is an [[Vidhan Sabha|assembly]] constituency in [[Dakshin Dinajpur district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[West Bengal]]. It is reserved for [[Scheduled castes and scheduled tribes|scheduled tribes]].

==Overview==
As per orders of the [[Delimitation Commission of India|Delimitation Commission]], No. 40 Tapan Assembly constituency (ST) covers [[Dwip Khanda]], Gophanagar, Harsura, Malancha and Tapan Chandipur [[gram panchayat]]s of [[Tapan (Community development block)|Tapan]] [[Community Development Block in India|community development block]], and Boaldar, Chak Vrigu, Jalghar, Bolla, Danga, Gopalbati, Najirpur and Patiram gram panchayats of [[Balurghat (Community development block)|Balurghat]] community development block,<ref name =delimitation>{{cite web| url =http://eci.nic.in/delim/Final_Publications/WestBengal/FINAL%20ORDER%20NOTIFICATION_English.pdf | title = Delimitation Commission Order No. 18 | access-date = 2 July 2014 | work = West Bengal| publisher = Election Commission of India}}</ref>

Tapan Assembly constituency (ST) is part of No. 6 [[Balurghat (Lok Sabha constituency)]].<ref name =delimitation/>

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year
! Member
! colspan="2" | Party
|-
| [[1962 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1962]]
| rowspan="3"|Nathaniel Murmu
| {{Full party name with color|Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)|rowspan=3}}
|-
| [[1967 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
|-
| [[1969 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1969]]
|-
| [[1971 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1971]]
| rowspan="2"|Patrash Hembram
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[1972 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1972]]
|-
| [[1977 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1977]]
| Nathaniel Murmu
| {{Full party name with color|Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)|rowspan=7}}
|-
| [[1982 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1982]]
| rowspan="6"|Khara Soren
|-
| [[1987 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1987]]
|-
| [[1991 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1991]]
|-
| [[1996 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1996]]
|-
| [[2001 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2001]]
|-
| [[2006 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2006]]
|-
| [[2011 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2011]]
| rowspan="2"|[[Bachchu Hansda]]
| {{Full party name with color|All India Trinamool Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[2016 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2016]]
|-
| [[2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2021]]
| [[Budhrai Tudu]]
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|}

==Election results==

===2026===
{{Election box begin|title=[[2026 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]]: Tapan}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Chintamani Biha|party=Trinamool Congress|votes={{formatnum:}}|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|votes={{formatnum:}}|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Bappai Haro|party=Revolutionary Socialist Party (India) |votes={{formatnum:}}|percentage=|change=}}

{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=|party=Indian National Congress|votes={{formatnum:}}|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]|party=None of the above (India)|votes={{formatnum:}}|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box majority||votes={{formatnum:}}|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box turnout||votes={{formatnum:}}|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner =
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2021 Election===
In the [[2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]], Budhrai Tudu of BJP defeated his nearest rival, Kalpana Kisku of TMC.

{{Election box begin | title= [[2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]]: Tapan}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Budhrai Tudu
|votes = 84,381
|percentage = 45.29
|change = +33.19
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = All India Trinamool Congress
|candidate = Kalpana Kisku
|votes = 82,731
|percentage = 44.41
|change = +1.63
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)
|candidate = Raghu Urow
|votes = 12,088
|percentage = 6.49
|change = -33.70
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Bablu Kisku
|votes = 2,146
|percentage = 1.15
|change = +0.02
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above]]
|votes = 1,703
|percentage = 0.91
|change = -1.51
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Mukti Party
|candidate = Albinus Hasda
|votes = 1,315
|percentage = 0.71
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate
|party = [[Kamtapur People's Party|KPPU]]
|candidate = Nipesh Tirki
|votes = 1,125
|percentage = 0.60
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist)
|candidate = Kalicharan Ekka
|votes = 820
|percentage = 0.44
|change = -0.33
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 186,309
|percentage = 89.42
|change = +0.58
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser = All India Trinamool Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2016 Election===
In the [[2016 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]], Bachchu Hansda of TMC defeated his nearest rival Raghu Urow of RSP.

{{Election box begin | title= [[2016 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]]: Tapan (ST) constituency}}

{{Election box candidate with party link|party=All India Trinamool Congress|candidate=[[Bachchu Hansda]]|votes=72,511|percentage=42.78|change=-8.83}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)|candidate=Raghu Urow|votes=68,110|percentage=40.19|change=+1.83}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=Krishna Kujur|votes=20,510|percentage=12.10|change=+7.47}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=None of the above|candidate=[[None of the above]]|votes=4,101|percentage=2.42|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Bahujan Samaj Party|candidate=Bablu Kisku|votes=1,913|percentage=1.13|change=-0.24}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist)|candidate=Kalicharan Ekka|votes=1,298|percentage=0.77|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation|candidate=Ram Kisku|votes=1,045|percentage=0.62|change=-0.15}}
{{Election box turnout|votes=169,488|percentage=88.84|change=+3.20}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = All India Trinamool Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2011===
In the 2011 election, Bachchu Hansda of Trinamool Congress defeated his nearest rival Khara Soren of RSP.

{{Election box begin | title=[[2011 West Bengal state assembly election|West Bengal assembly elections, 2011]]: Tapan (ST) constituency<ref name=vidhansabha2011>{{cite web| url =http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2011/stat_WB_May2011.pdf|title = General Elections, India, 2011, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 9 July 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=736&cid=40| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130603130345/http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=736&cid=40| url-status = usurped| archive-date = 3 June 2013|title = West Bengal Assembly Election 2011 |work = Tapan| publisher =Empowering India |access-date = 4 August 2011}}</ref>}}

{{Election box candidate with party link|party=All India Trinamool Congress|candidate=[[Bachchu Hansda]]|votes=72,643|percentage=51.61|change=#}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)|candidate=Khara Soren|votes=53,986|percentage=38.36|change=-18.43}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=Colombas Tirki|votes=6,518|percentage=4.63|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Bahujan Samaj Party|candidate=Nitai Kisku|votes=1,931|percentage=1.37|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Jharkhand Mukti Morcha|candidate=Bajal Soren|votes=1,686|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box candidate
|party = Independent
|candidate = Sobindra Nath Mahato
|votes = 1,670
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate
|party = Independent
|candidate = Ukil Kujur
|votes = 1,238
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation|candidate=Rayman Kisku|votes=1,081|percentage=0.77|change=}}
{{Election box turnout|votes=140,753|percentage=89.78|change=}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = All India Trinamool Congress
|loser = Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)
|swing = #
}}
{{Election box end}}
.# Trinamool Congress did not contest the seat in 2006.

===1977–2006===
Khara Soren of [[Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)|RSP]] won the Tapan (ST) assembly seat six times in a row, defeating his nearest rivals Columbus Tirkey of [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] in [[2006 West Bengal state assembly election|2006]],<ref name=vidhansabha2006>{{cite web| url =http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2006/StatReport_WB_2006.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 2006, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 9 July 2014}}</ref> Anony Uraw of [[All India Trinamool Congress|Trinamool Congress]] in 2001,<ref name=vidhansabha2001>{{cite web| url =http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2001/StatRept_WB_2001.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 2001, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 9 July 2014}}</ref> Lakshmi Ram Hembram of [[Indian National Congress|Congress]] in 1996<ref name=vidhansabha1996>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1996/StatisticalReport-WB96.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1996, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 9 July 2014}}</ref> and 1991,<ref name=vidhansabha1991>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1991/StatisticalReport-West%20Bengal91.pdf|title = General Elections, India, 1991, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 9 July 2014}}</ref> Japan Bhonajala of Congress in 1987,<ref name=vidhansabha1987>{{cite web| url =http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1987/StatisticalReportWestBengal87.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1987, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 9 July 2014}}</ref> and Japan Hasda of Congress in 1982.<ref name=vidhansabha1982>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1982/StatisticalReportWestBengal82.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1982, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 9 July 2014}}</ref> Contests in most years were multi cornered but only winners and runners are being mentioned. Natheniel Murmu of RSP defeated Sebastian Tudu of Congress in 1977.<ref name=vidhansabha1977>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1977/StatisticalReportWestBengal77.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1977, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 9 July 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/archive/ElectionAnalysis/AE/S25/Partycomp36.htm | title =36 - Tapan (ST) Assembly Constituency | work = Partywise Comparison Since 1977 | publisher = Election Commission of India| access-date = 26 September 2010}}</ref>

===1962–1972===
Patrash Hembram of Congress won in 1972<ref name=vidhansabha1972>{{cite web| url =http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatReport_WB_72.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1972, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 9 July 2014}}</ref> and 1971.<ref name=vidhansabha1971>{{cite web| url =http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1971/StatReport_WB_71.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1971, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 9 July 2014}}</ref> Nathaniel Murmu of RSP/ Independent, won in 1969,<ref name=vidhansabha1969>{{cite web| url =http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1969/StatReport_WB_69.pdf|title = General Elections, India, 1969, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission |access-date = 9 July 2014}}</ref> 1967<ref name=vidhansabha1967>{{cite web| url =http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20report%20WB1967.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1967, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 9 July 2014}}</ref> and [[1962 West Bengal state assembly election|1962]].<ref name=vidhansabha1962>{{cite web| url =http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_WB_1962.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1962, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 9 July 2014}}</ref> Prior to the Tapan seat was not there.

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Dakshin Dinajpur topics}}
{{Vidhan Sabha constituencies of West Bengal}}

{{West Bengal elections}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of West Bengal]]
[[Category:Politics of Dakshin Dinajpur district]]
[[Category:Constituencies established in 1962]]
[[Category:1962 establishments in West Bengal]]

Pragati Singh

2026-03-15T04:14:57Z

Evajzp: Started Some Bio Initial Version!

{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Pragati Singh
| image =
| caption =
| birth_date =
| birth_place =
| citizenship = [[India]]
| alma_mater = [[Maulana Azad Medical College]]
| occupation = Asexual activist, public health professional
| spouse =
| children =
| parents =
| website = {{URL|https://drpragatisingh.com/}}
}}
'''Pragati Singh''' is an Indian doctor, [[public health]] official, and activist. She is known for her work in the Indian [[Asexuality|asexual]] community and research on the topic. She featured on the [[BBC]]'s 2019 list of [[100 Women (BBC)|100 inspiring and influential women from around the world]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/an-asexual-dating-platform-still-has-many-kinks-to-sort-out/|title=An Asexual Dating Platform Still Has Many Kinks to Sort Out|last=Muzaffar|first=Maroosha|date=2018-07-09|website=Vice|language=en|access-date=2019-12-01}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/leisure/story/20170220-leisure-bollywood-tapsee-pannu-asexuality-music-blues-985738-2017-02-14|title=From matrimony website for asexuals to hall of heroes: All that's changing around you|date=February 14, 2017|author=Jason Overdorf |author2=Romita Datta |author3=Moeena Halim |author4=Suhani Singh |website=India Today|language=en|access-date=2019-12-01}}</ref><ref name=":3"/><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-50042279|title=BBC 100 Women 2019: Who is on the list?|date=2019-10-16|access-date=2019-11-20|language=en-GB}}</ref>

==Early life and education==
Singh grew up in [[Delhi]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ozy.com/the-new-and-the-next/the-love-doctor-for-asexuals/245599/|title=The Love Doctor for Asexuals|website=Ozy|first=Puja|last=Changoiwala|date=5 December 2019|access-date=23 April 2021}}</ref> She graduated with a [[Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery]] from [[Maulana Azad Medical College]] in 2011.

== Career ==
Singh is a medical doctor and has worked as a public health professional in the fields of maternal, child, and reproductive health in India.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://azejournal.com/article/2018/2/1/indian-aces-awareness-and-activism-in-india|title=Indian Aces: Awareness and Activism in India|website=AZE|language=en-US|access-date=2019-12-01}}</ref> She has worked for organisations such as [[International SOS]] and the [[World Health Organization]].

In 2014, Singh found that there were no present communities online for Indians who identify as asexual. As a result of this, she founded the self/non funded group '[[Indian Aces (asexual community)|Indian Aces]]' on [[Facebook]], gaining a community of 3000+ members as time passed.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" />

In 2017, Singh launched the friend-finding service 'Platonicity', a [[Google Forms|Google form]] initially ran through [[Facebook]] like Indian Aces, with a goal to one day become a mobile app. The purpose was to have a platform that matches people looking for a non-sexual relationship. It was inspired by frequent messages online by those who needed help with finding relationships, and others whose family were forcing them to get married. It surveyed a large range of factors from an individual's gradient of sexuality to their political stances. Due to the rapid increase of interest towards the form with over 300 entries from multiple countries in two days, it was shut down to create a method that can accommodate more people. Since then she has hosted 'offline meetups' under the same name of Platonicity across [[Delhi]], [[Bangalore|Bengaluru]], and [[Mumbai]], helping with speed dating and building communities. These communities help those who identify as asexual know that they are not alone. When it comes to payment, she runs it under [[pay what you can]] model.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/attempt-to-define-asexuality-in-more-than-one-way/article28628742.ece|title=Attempt to define asexuality in more than one way|last=Yadav|first=Sidharth|date=2019-07-21|work=The Hindu|access-date=2019-12-01|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web|url=https://www.indianwomenblog.org/pragati-singh-is-trying-to-transform-indias-gender-sexuality-landscape-through-interactive-workshops/|title=Pragati Singh Is Trying To Transform India's Gender & Sexuality Landscape Through Interactive Workshops|last=Sharma|first=Khushboo|date=2019-10-16|website=Indian Women Blog - Stories of Indian Women|language=en|access-date=2019-12-01}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/life-and-style/taking-off-the-invisibility-cloak/article22817678.ece|title=Taking off the invisibility cloak|last=Halim|first=Moeena|date=2018-02-21|work=The Hindu|access-date=2019-12-01|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

In the same year, Singh's research study on asexuality was selected and presented at the [[World Association of Sexual Health congress|World Association of Sexual Health Congress]] held in [[Prague]]. The findings of this study were then published in the ''[[The Journal of Sexual Medicine|Journal of Sexual Medicine]].''<ref name=":2" />

As of 2019, Singh continues to run sexuality workshops, speed dating events, as well as group counseling sessions, raising awareness for and helping asexual communities. After extensive research, she has developed the "Comprehensive sexuality model". This model segregates sexuality into eight central components that form one sexual identity.<ref name=":3" /> Another of her future goals is to bring these workshops into medical colleges, to bring her subjects to the eyes of more doctors.<ref name=":4" />

In a 2023 interview with Daniel Yo-Ling for ''[[Aze (magazine)|Aze]]'', Singh spoke to the differences in understanding asexuality as a sexual identity between the [[Western world]] and India, noting that "[as a sexual identity] in many context within India, it is less important," clarifying that "for my people, asexuality is not just about a flag, right? Or microidentities, or a label, it's not about that. It's about people literally making life and death decisions."<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-03-27 |title=Asexual Advocacy in India: An Interview with Dr. Pragati Singh |url=https://azejournal.com/article/2023/3/27/asexual-advocacy-in-india-an-interview-with-dr-pragati-singh |access-date=2023-08-24 |website=AZE |language=en-US}}</ref> Yet, Singh noted that the Western asexuality movement has access to more visibility and resources.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Cerankowski |first=K. J. |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Asexualities/MfoGEQAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=pragati+singh+%22asexual%22&pg=PT500&printsec=frontcover |title=Asexualities: Feminist and Queer Perspectives, Revised and Expanded Ten-Year Anniversary Edition |last2=Milks |first2=Megan |date=2024-06-27 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |isbn=978-1-040-03272-5 |language=en}}</ref>

==Personal life==
In 2014, Singh came across the term 'asexual' and immediately identified with it, and more specifically as [[Gray asexuality|gray asexual]].<ref name=":1" />

== References ==
<references />

== External links ==
* [http://www.indianaces.org/ Indian Aces Website]
* [https://www.facebook.com/IndianAces/ Indian Aces Facebook Page]
* [https://www.jsm.jsexmed.org/article/S1743-6095(17)31221-3/abstract Singh's "A Study of Trends Observed in Self-Identified 'Asexual' People"]

{{Authority control}}{{Asexuality topics|state=collapsed}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Singh, Pragati}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian women medical doctors]]
[[Category:Asexual women]]
[[Category:Indian asexual people]]
[[Category:LGBTQ-related Internet forums]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian LGBTQ people]]
[[Category:Maulana Azad College alumni]]
[[Category:Medical doctors from Delhi]]
[[Category:World Health Organization officials]]

Leena Fernandes

2026-03-14T21:06:50Z

Evajzp: Made A Details

{{Short description|Indian actress and singer (1929–2021)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2025}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Leena Fernandes
| image = Leena Dias (née Fernandes).jpg
| caption = Dias as Maria in ''[[Mogacho Aunddo]]'' (1950)
| birth_place = [[Bombay]], [[British India]]
| birth_date = {{birth date|1929|12|19|df=y}}
| death_place = Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| death_date = {{death date and age|2021|7|30|1929|12|19|df=y}}
| occupation = {{hlist|Actress|singer|[[Switchboard operator|telephone operator]]}}
| notable_works = ''[[Mogacho Aunddo]]''
| known_for = First leading lady of [[Konkani cinema]]
| spouse = Joseph Dias
| children = 3
| relatives = {{ubl|
* [[Cyriaco Dias]]
* [[Jessie Dias]]}}
}}

'''Leena Dias''' ([[née]] '''Fernandes'''; 19 December 1929 – 30 July 2021) was an Indian actress and singer known for her role in the first [[Konkani cinema|Konkani film]], ''[[Mogacho Aunddo]]'' (1950). She is credited as the inaugural [[leading lady]] of [[Konkani cinema]].

==Career==
Filmmaker [[Al Jerry Braganza]]'s inspiration to create a [[Konkani cinema|Konkani film]] emerged during a stroll along [[Marine Drive, Mumbai]], where he observed the prominent display of posters for English, [[Hindi cinema|Hindi]], and [[Marathi cinema|Marathi films]]. Motivated by this observation, Jerry Braganza embarked on a mission to realize his ambition of producing a Konkani film. In his quest for a suitable [[leading lady]], Jerry Braganza visited the office of [[United Artists]], a foreign [[film distribution company]]. It was there that he encountered Dias, whom he boldly approached with an offer to star as the heroine in his film. With the consent of her parents, Dias agreed to take on the role. The production of ''[[Mogacho Aunddo]]'' commenced on 31 July 1949, marked by a [[Muhurat shot|muhurat ceremony]] officiated by Fr. Macario Pereira. The film was subsequently released on 24 April 1950, simultaneously in [[Bombay]] and [[Goa]]. However, the film encountered numerous challenges throughout its production, including restrictions imposed by the [[Portuguese India|Portuguese regime in Goa]], as well as logistical difficulties and [[customs]]-related issues.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Leena Dias, Goa's first heroine passes away |url=https://www.heraldgoa.in/Cafe/Leena-Dias-Goa%E2%80%99s-first-heroine-passes-away/178168 |access-date=2024-01-16 |website=oHeraldo |date=31 July 2021 |archive-date=2023-12-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231231041730/https://www.heraldgoa.in/Cafe/Leena-Dias-Goa%E2%80%99s-first-heroine-passes-away/178168 |url-status=live }}</ref>

Notably, during that era, it was uncommon for women to participate in acting roles. Dias, who worked as a [[Switchboard operator|telephone operator]] and possessed singing abilities, revealed in an interview that the actors received a monthly salary, with Dias herself earning approximately {{INRConvert|500|year=1949}} per month. Given the absence of [[dubbing]] facilities at the time, the actors were required to deliver their dialogues and songs live during filming. The music for ''Mogacho Aunddo'' was composed by a group of 27 musicians under the leadership of Joe Perry and Peter D'Mello. The film was shot in a studio located in [[Chembur]], with additional outdoor scenes filmed in various locations across Goa, including [[Velha Goa]] Churches, [[Mapuça]] Church, [[Calangute]] beach, [[Mandovi River]], Aguada Tower, and the [[Altinho]] and [[Campal]] areas of [[Pangim]]. In terms of the cast, Jerry Braganza assumed the role of Abela, Dias portrayed the character of Maria, and James Braganza provided comedic moments in the film. Dias also lent her vocal talents to the film, singing the [[title song]] as well as featured songs such as "Mogacho Aunddo" and "Mogall Bai" alongside Jerry Braganza.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Antao |first=Steve |date=2015-12-08 |title=Lights! Camera! … 'Mogacho Aunddo' - the first Konkani film |url=https://itsgoa.com/lights-camera-mogacho-aunddo |access-date=2024-01-16 |website=ItsGoa |language=en-US |archive-date=2022-08-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220810113847/https://itsgoa.com/lights-camera-mogacho-aunddo/ |url-status=live }}</ref> It is worth noting that ''Mogacho Aunddo'' stood out as a production that did not rely on stage artists. The screening of ''Mogacho Aunddo'' was accompanied by a documentary recounting the visit of [[Our Lady of Fatima]] to Goa. Although Dias received acclaim for her performance in the film, this marked her first and only appearance in the acting realm, as she did not pursue any further film projects thereafter.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Heroine of 1st Konkani film embarks on eternal journey @91 |url=https://www.thegoan.net/sunday-mag/heroine-of-1st-konkani-film-embarks-on-eternal-journey-91/72524.html |access-date=2024-01-16 |website=The Goan EveryDay |language=en |archive-date=2021-10-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211021174751/https://www.thegoan.net/sunday-mag/heroine-of-1st-konkani-film-embarks-on-eternal-journey-91/72524.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Personal life==
Dias was born as Leena Fernandes on 19 December 1921, in [[Bombay]], [[Bombay Presidency]], which was then part of [[British India]] and is now known as Mumbai, [[Maharashtra]], India. Although she hailed from the [[census town]] of [[Siolim]] in [[Goa]], she resided in Mumbai.<ref name=":2" /> She was married to Joseph Dias, with whom she had three children: a son named Elvis and two daughters named Phyllis and Joana. She was also related to [[Konkani language|Konkani]] actors [[Cyriaco Dias]] and [[Jessie Dias]].<ref name=":1" />

==Death==
On 30 July 2021, at the age of 91, Dias died in Mumbai, Maharashtra, after a brief period of being bedridden.<ref name=":2" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-08-01 |title=Leena Dias, Goa’s first heroine passes away – 1 August 2021 {{!}} O Heraldo |url=https://www.heraldgoa.in/cafe/leena-dias-goas-first-heroine-passes-away/154465/ |access-date=2026-03-07 |language=en-US}}</ref>

===Reactions===
In October 2021, the [[Goa Legislative Assembly]] acknowledged Dias' death, along with other distinguished individuals such as Hausatai Patil, Balaji Tambe, [[Buddhadeb Guha]], [[Dattaram Maruti Mirasdar]], [[Jagjit Kaur]], [[Nedumudi Venu]], [[Ghanashyam Nayak]], [[Arvind Trivedi]], and [[Sidharth Shukla]], during an obituary reference session.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2021-10-19 |title=House pays tribute to Navelcar, luminaries who passed away |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/house-pays-tribute-to-navelcar-luminaries-who-passed-away/articleshow/87121931.cms?_gl=1*110vcxu*_ga*YW1wLVZSa1JjbUZONEdOWklrVTRJWGFieHZrbk93cUkzVHgtSENVYzdRX1FnczUzeU1fbzExekVfemw5Q04zRkJ5TF8.*_ga_FCN624MN68*MTcwNTQxNDU4MC4xMDUuMC4xNzA1NDE0NTgwLjYwLjAuMA..#_ga=2.106038275.102176244.1705390016-amp-VRkRcmFN4GNZIkU4IXabxvknOwqI3Tx-HCUc7Q_Qgs53yM_o11zE_zl9CN3FByL_ |access-date=2024-01-16 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

==Filmography==
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Title
!Role
!Notes
!Ref
|-
|1950
|''[[Mogacho Anvddo]]''
|Maria
|Debut film
|<ref name=":0" />
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{Imdb name|id=4473356}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Fernandes, Leena}}
[[Category:1929 births]]
[[Category:2021 deaths]]
[[Category:Actresses from Mumbai]]
[[Category:Actresses from Goa]]

National Highway 303 (India)

2026-03-13T03:17:43Z

Evajzp:

{{Short description|National highway in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2017}}
{{Infobox road
| country = IND
| type = NH
| route = 303
| map = {{Maplink|frame=yes|text= National Highway 303 displayed in red|frame-width=290|frame-height=300|zoom=9|frame-lat=31.93|frame-long=76.29|frame-align=center|type=line|id=Q25352200|stroke-width=3|title=National Highway 303}}
| map_custom = yes
| map_notes =
| image =
| image_notes =
| spur_type = NH
| spur_of = 3
| ahn = 
| maint = [[National Highways Authority of India|NHAI]]
| length_km = 70
| length_notes = 
| established =
| allocation =
| direction_a = North
| terminus_a = {{jct|NH|154|country=IND}} in [[Nagrota]] 
| junction = {{plainlist| 
* {{jct|NH|503A|country=IND}}, [[Bhota]]
}}
| direction_b = South
| terminus_b = {{jct|NH|3|country=IND}} in [[Naduan]] 
| states = [[Himachal Pradesh]]
| destinations = Daulatpur, Ranital, [[Jawalamukhi]]
| previous_type = NH
| previous_route = 103 
| next_type = NH
| next_route = 503 
}}

'''National Highway 303''', commonly referred to as '''NH 303''', is a highway connecting the city of [[Nagrota Bagwan ]] to [[Nadaun]] in [[Himachal Pradesh]].<ref name="New Numbers">{{cite web |title=Rationalization of Numbering Systems of National Highways |publisher=Govt of India |url=http://www.morth.nic.in/writereaddata/sublinkimages/finaldoc6143316640.pdf |date=28 April 2010 |access-date=21 Aug 2011}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size: 85%"
|+
! Highway Number !! Source !! Destination !! Via !! Length (km)
|-
| 303|| [[Nagrota Bagwan]] || [[Nadaun]] || Daulatur - Ranital - [[Jawalamukhi]] || 60
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* Openstreetmap {{OSM|r|3209917}}

{{Indian Highways Network}}
{{IND NH3 sr}}

[[Category:National highways of India]]
[[Category:National highways in Himachal Pradesh]]

{{India-NH-stub}}

Azam Jah

2026-03-08T03:00:00Z

Evajzp: improved article

{{Short description|Son of the last nizam of Hyderabad (1907–1970)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2021}}
{{Infobox royal
| name = Azam Jah
| image = Nawab-Azam-Jah-Prince-of-Berar.jpg
| caption = Azam Jah in 1937
| alt =
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| pronunciation =
| birth_name = 
| birth_date = {{birth date|1907|02|22|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Hyderabad]], [[Hyderabad State|Kingdom of Hyderabad]], [[British Raj|British India]] {{small|(present-day [[Telangana]], [[India]])}}
| death_date = {{death date and age|1970|10|07|1907|02|22|df=yes}}
| death_place =
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| module = {{Infobox royalty | embed=yes
| name =
| title =
| spouse = {{marriage|[[Dürrüşehvar Sultan]]|1931|1954|end=divorce}}
| issue = {{plainlist|
*[[Mukarram Jah]]
*[[Muffakham Jah]]}}
| full name = Sahebzada Mir Himayat Ali Khan Siddiqi Azam Jah
| house = [[House of Asaf Jah]]
| father = [[Osman Ali Khan, Asaf Jah VII|Osman Ali Khan]]
| mother = Sahebzadi Azamunnisa Begum (Dulhan Pasha Begum)<ref>[http://uqconnect.net/~zzhsoszy/ips/h/hyderabad.html Hyderabad] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090323023339/http://uqconnect.net/~zzhsoszy/ips/h/hyderabad.html |date=23 March 2009 }}, Indian Princely States website, accessed 2 July 2010</ref>
| birth_place =
}}
}}

'''Sahebzada Mir Himayat Ali Khan Siddiqi Azam Jah''' ({{langx|ur|اعظم جاہ داماد والاشان صاحب زادہ نواب سر میر حمایت علی خان بہادر بے آفندی}}; 21/22 February 1907 – 9 October 1970) was the eldest son of the seventh and last [[Nizam of Hyderabad]], [[Osman Ali Khan, Asaf Jah VII|Mir Osman Ali Khan, Asaf Jah VII]] and Sahebzadi Azamunnisa Begum, daughter of Sahebzada Mir Jahangir Ali Khan Siddiqi.

==Life==

In 1936, he was given the courtesy title of [[prince of Berar]],<ref name="berar prince">{{cite book |last1=Haidar |first1=Navina Najat |last2=Sardar |first2=Marika |title=Sultans of Deccan India, 1500–1700: Opulence and Fantasy |date=13 April 2015 |publisher=Metropolitan Museum of Art |isbn=978-0-300-21110-8 |page=332 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oi4nBwAAQBAJ&dq=azam+jah+prince+berar&pg=PA332 |language=en}}</ref> a territory of the Nizam then leased in perpetuity to the [[United Kingdom|British]] and administered by them.

In 1931 Azam Jah married [[Dürrüşehvar Sultan]], a member of the [[House of Osman]] (formerly of the [[Ottoman Empire]]) and the daughter of the last [[Ottoman Caliphate|Ottoman Caliph]] [[Abdülmecid II]], in [[Nice]] on 12 November 1932. The marriage failed in 1954 after having two sons.{{Citation needed|date= March 2022}}

On the death of the seventh Nizam, the title passed to Azam Jah's elder son, Sahebzada Mir Barkat Ali Khan Siddiqi [[Mukarram Jah]], as the eighth Nizam. Whereas, Azam's younger son is Sahebzada Mir Karamat Ali Khan Siddiqi [[Muffakham Jah]].{{Citation needed|date= March 2022}}

He lived at [[Bella Vista, Hyderabad]], a {{convert|10|acre|m2|adj=on}} palace near [[Hussain Sagar]].<ref>{{cite news |title= The Prince and The Palace|url= http://www.hindu.com/mp/2004/02/25/stories/2004022500270300.htm|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20040530154223/http://www.hindu.com/mp/2004/02/25/stories/2004022500270300.htm|url-status= dead|archive-date= 30 May 2004|newspaper= [[தி இந்து]]|date= 2004-02-25|access-date=3 February 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title= Deen Dayal's eyes capture bygone era|url= http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2006-04-26/hyderabad/27818880_1_exhibition-salar-jung-museum-hyderabad|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20111204145348/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2006-04-26/hyderabad/27818880_1_exhibition-salar-jung-museum-hyderabad|url-status= dead|archive-date= 4 December 2011|newspaper= [[தி டைம்ஸ் ஆஃப் இந்தியா]]|access-date=3 February 2012}}</ref>

==Titles==
*1907–1912: Second Wali Ahad [[Nawab]] [[Mir (title)|Mir]] Himayat 'Ali Khan Siddiqi Bahadur
*1912–1934: Wali Ahad Sahebzada Nawab Mir Himayat 'Ali Khan Bahadur
*1934–1937: [[Major (rank)|Major]] [[His Highness]] Azam Jah, Walashan Sahebzada Nawab Mir Himayat 'Ali Khan Siddiqi Bahadur, [[Prince of Berar]]
*1937–1942: [[General]] His Highness Azam Jah, Walashan Sahebzada Nawab Mir Himayat 'Ali Khan Siddiqi Bahadur, [[Prince of Berar]]
*1942–1947: General His Highness Azam Jah, Walashan Sahebzada Nawab Mir [[Sir]] Himayat 'Ali Khan Siddiqi Bahadur, [[Prince of Berar]], [[Knight Grand Cross of the British Empire|GBE]]
*1947–1970: General His Highness Azam Jah, Walashan Sahebzada Nawab Mir Sir Himayat 'Ali Khan Siddiqi Bahadur, [[Prince of Berar]], [[GCIE]], GBE<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hyderabad State. |url=http://archive.org/details/listofleadingoff030666mbp |title=List Of Leading Officials Nobles And Personages |date=1937 |publisher=Hyderabad Residency Government Press |others=Osmania University, Digital Library Of India}}</ref>

==Notable philanthropy==
[[File:Azam jah.jpg|thumb|right|Prince Azam Jah son of [[Mir Osman Ali Khan|Asaf Jah 7]] laying the foundation stone of the mosque]]
The (Nizamia Mosque) now known as ([[London Central Mosque]]) was funded by the [[Osman Ali Khan, Asaf Jah VII]] and the foundation stone of the [[mosque]] was laid on Friday, 4 June 1937, by his eldest son - [[Highness|His Highness]] Prince Azam Jah.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wokingmuslim.org/photos/is-rev-aug372.htm|title=Laying of foundation stone of London Nizamia Mosque, June 1937|work=wokingmuslim.org}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://twocircles.in/2010sep08/crescent_obscured_indian_muslims_britain.html|title=Crescent obscured: Indian Muslims in Britain|work=twocircles.in|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120323162520/http://twocircles.in/2010sep08/crescent_obscured_indian_muslims_britain.html|archivedate=23 March 2012}}</ref>

==Honours and legacy==
<div class="center">
(ribbon bar, as it would look today; incomplete)

[[File:Order of the Indian Empire Ribbon.svg|100px]]
[[File:Order of the British Empire (Civil) Ribbon.png|100px]]

[[File:Defence Medal BAR.svg|100px]]
[[File:War Medal 39-45 BAR.svg|100px]]
[[File:King George V Silver Jubilee Medal ribbon.svg|100px]]
[[File:GeorgeVICoronationRibbon.png|100px]]

</div>

*[[King George V Silver Jubilee Medal]] – 1935
*[[King George VI Coronation Medal]] – 1937
*Nizam Silver Jubilee Medal – 1937
*Tunis Victory Medal – 1942
*[[Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the British Empire]] (GBE) – 1943
*[[Defence Medal (United Kingdom)|Defence Medal]] – 1945
*[[War Medal 1939-1945]] – 1945
*Hyderabad War Medal – 1945
*(Hyderabad) Meritorious Service Medal-1945
*[[Knight Grand Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire]] (GCIE) – 1946

===Namesakes===
* [[Himayatnagar, Hyderabad]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.knowap.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=54:a-history-behind-street-names-of-hyderabad-a-secunderabad&catid=14:cover-features&Itemid=69|title=A History behind Street Names of Hyderabad & Secunderabad|last=Administrator|website=knowap.com|language=en-gb|access-date=2018-08-05|archive-date=19 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180619163139/http://www.knowap.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=54:a-history-behind-street-names-of-hyderabad-a-secunderabad&catid=14:cover-features&Itemid=69|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* [[Himayatnagar, Maharashtra]]
* [[Himayatnagar, Ranga Reddy district]]
* [[Himayat Sagar]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.exploretelangana.com/himayat-sagar-lake-weekend-tourist-spot-of-hyderabad/|title=Himayat Sagar Lake – Weekend Tourist Spot of Hyderabad|website=exploretelangana.com|language=en-US|access-date=2018-08-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180619213815/http://www.exploretelangana.com/himayat-sagar-lake-weekend-tourist-spot-of-hyderabad/|archive-date=19 June 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* [[Himayat Bagh|Himayat Bagh, Aurangabad]]
* [[Himayat|Himayat (mango)]]<ref>{{cite news |last1=Ahmed |first1=Shelly |title=King of Fruits 'Mango' The Most Delicious And Sweetest! |url=https://www.hydnews.net/king-of-fruits-mango-the-most-delicious-and-sweetest/ |accessdate=18 November 2020 |work=Hyderabad News |date=19 May 2020 |quote=It is no wonder that the best varieties of mangoes from Indian Subcontinent bear royal names such as Jahangir and Himayuddin, Himayat (named after Mir Himayat Ali Khan Muazzam Jah Bahadur, eldest son of Nizam of Hyderabad Deccan, Nizam VII Mir [[Osman Ali Khan]] Bahadur).}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20071130192541/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,742647,00.html ''Time'' magazine feature]
*{{usurped|[https://web.archive.org/web/20040604145402/http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/mp/2004/02/25/stories/2004022500270300.htm ''The Hindu'': "The prince and the palace"]}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20060907101648/http://www.hindu.com/2006/02/10/stories/2006021011660400.htm ''The Hindu'': "When marriage brought continents closer"]

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Jah, Azam}}
[[Category:1907 births]]
[[Category:1970 deaths]]
[[Category:Knights Grand Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire]]
[[Category:Indian Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the British Empire]]
[[Category:Nawabs of India]]
[[Category:People from Hyderabad district, India]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian royalty]]
[[Category:Asaf Jahi dynasty]]

Shabnam Mausi

2026-03-08T00:42:12Z

Evajzp:

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2021}}

{{Infobox politician
| nickname = Mausi
| name = Shabnam Bano
| constituency = [[Sohagpur Assembly constituency]]
| office = [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)| Member]] of [[Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start = 2000
| term_end = 2003
| predecessor = Krishnapal Singh
| successor = Chhote Lal Sarawagi (Khuddi Bhaiya)
| party = Jeeti Jitayi Politics [[Independent politician|Independent]]
}}

'''Shabnam "Mausi" Bano''' ("Mausi" being [[Hindi]] for "Auntie") is an Indian politician and [[Hijra (South Asia)|hijra]] activist. She became the first [[transgender]] person to be elected to public office in India, as a [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Member of the Legislative Assembly]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/chandramukhi-eyes-goshamahal-glory-ready-for-tryst-with-1st-transgender-party/articleshow/66743495.cms|title=Telangana assembly elections 2018: Chandramukhi eyes Goshamahal glory, ready for tryst with 1st transgender party|website=The Times of India|date=22 November 2018 |access-date=2019-02-04}}</ref> She was an elected member of the [[Madhya Pradesh]] State Legislative Assembly from 2000 to 2003, after winning a by-election.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2016-02-06 |title=Reservation only way to help fight discrimination: Shabnam Mausi |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/dehradun/reservation-only-way-to-help-fight-discrimination-shabnam-mausi/articleshow/50882178.cms |access-date=2025-12-18 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

==Early life==
She was born visibly [[intersex]]<ref>{{Cite web|last=Zaal|first=Grote|date=2007-05-26|title=Shabnam Mousi – Be Aware: Different Starting Time|url=https://www.transgenderfilmfestival.com/2007/artikel/358/|access-date=2021-03-25|website=Netherlands Transgender Film Festival 2007}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Kalra|first=Sanjay|date=2016-08-28|title=The Eunuchs of India: An Endocrine Eye Opener|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/225061169|journal=Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism|volume=16|issue=3|pages=377–380|doi=10.4103/2230-8210.95676|pmid=22629502|pmc=3354843|via=PubMed|doi-access=free}}</ref> and was given a masculine name. Her father, a police superintendent, gave her away shortly after she was born to protect his own social image.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=India TV News Desk|date=2014-07-17|title=Shabnam Mausi-India's first eunuch to become an MLA|url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/politics/national/shabnam-mausi-india-first-eunuch-hijra-politician-mla-inequality-18963.html|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-08-19|website=www.indiatvnews.com|language=en}}</ref>

She attended only two years of primary schooling but learned 12 languages during her travels. She is a trained classical dancer, and has played bit roles in films.<ref name=":0" />

==Political career==
Shabnam Mausi was elected in a by-election from the [[Sohagpur Assembly constituency]] in Madhya Pradesh state's [[Shahdol-Anuppur]] district.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Shabnam |url=https://dailyasianage.com/news/74126/shabnam-mausi-bano |access-date=2025-12-18 |website=The Asian Age |language=en}}</ref> Hijras were granted voting rights in 1994 in India<ref>{{Cite news |date=2014-05-06 |title=Sexual minorities given right to vote in India’s elections |url=https://news.un.org/en/audio/2014/05/588452 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240512180429/https://news.un.org/en/audio/2014/05/588452 |archive-date=12 May 2024 |access-date=2025-12-18 |work=UN News |language=en |url-status=live }}</ref>. As a member of the Legislative Assembly, her agenda included fighting corruption, unemployment, poverty, and hunger, as well as speaking out against discrimination against [[transgender|transgender people]], [[Hijra (Indian subcontinent)|hijras]], [[eunuch]]s, [[Cross-dressing|cross-dressers]] and raising awareness about [[HIV]]/[[HIV/AIDS|AIDS]].<ref>https://frontline.thehindu.com/cover-story/article30159462.ece</ref><ref>https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/former-eunuch-mla-curses-congress-to-stay-out-of-power-for-another-15-yrs/articleshow/65085430.cms</ref> She lost re-election to the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] candidate in the [[2003 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]], placing 11th.<ref>https://www.indiavotes.com/vidhan-sabha-details/2003/madhya-pradesh-[2000-onwards]/sohagpur/59/25885/172</ref>

In 2003, hijras in Madhya Pradesh established their own political party called "Jeeti Jitayi Politics" (JJP), which literally means 'politics that has already been won'.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2009-04-29|title=Our election promise?|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-our-election-promise-1251607|access-date=2020-08-19|website=DNA India|language=en}}</ref> The party released an eight-page manifesto to outline its political differences from the mainstream.

==Popular culture and legacy==
In 2005, a fiction feature film titled ''Shabnam Mausi'' was made about her life. It was directed by [[Yogesh Bharadwaj]], and the role of Shabnam Mausi was played by [[Ashutosh Rana]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kulkarni |first=Ronjita |date=March 2002 |title=Meet Shabnam Mausi |url=https://www.rediff.com/entertai/2002/mar/04shab.htm |access-date=2023-09-21 |website=www.rediff.com}}</ref>

Although she is no longer in public office, Shabnam Mausi continues to participate actively in AIDS/HIV education with [[Non-governmental organization|NGOs]] and gender activists in India.

<blockquote>''"We brothers and sisters often face stigma and discrimination because of our sexual orientation and gender identity. Talking openly about AIDS helps us understand each other!"'' - Shabnam Mausi<ref name=":0" /></blockquote>

Shabnam Mausi inspired many transgender people in India to take up politics and participate in 'mainstream activities' in India, giving up their traditional roles as dancers, prostitutes, and beggars, living on the fringes of Indian society; for example, they sometimes attend weddings or the house of a newborn child, offering services to ward off bad luck.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nazir |first=Tashafi |date=2022-01-26 |title=Know About Shabnam Mausi, India's First Successful Transgender Politician |url=https://thelogicalindian.com/lgbtq/shabnam-mausi-indias-first-successful-transgender-politician-33543 |access-date=2023-09-21 |website=thelogicalindian.com |language=en |archive-date=22 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240222141046/https://thelogicalindian.com/lgbtq/shabnam-mausi-indias-first-successful-transgender-politician-33543 |url-status=dead }}</ref> In recent years, however, she has had legal issues.<ref>https://indianexpress.com/article/india/shabnam-mausi-indias-first-transgender-mla-booked-model-code-violation-9035301/</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/668042.stm Eunuch MP takes Seat - BBC news]
*[https://www.rediff.com/entertai/2002/mar/04shab.htm Article on the fiction feature film made on Shabnam Mausi]
*The film {{IMDb title|qid=Q128789624}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mausi, Shabnam}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Transgender Hindus]]
[[Category:Indian LGBTQ rights activists]]
[[Category:Transgender women politicians]]
[[Category:Madhya Pradesh MLAs 1998–2003]]
[[Category:Transgender rights activists]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Hijra (South Asia) people]]
[[Category:Indian LGBTQ legislators]]
[[Category:Indian transgender politicians]]
[[Category:Indian transgender women]]
[[Category:Indian intersex women]]
[[Category:Indian intersex people]]
[[Category:Intersex transgender women]]
[[Category:Intersex politicians]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian women politicians]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian LGBTQ people]]

List of wildlife sanctuaries of India

2026-03-06T03:27:35Z

Evajzp:

{{Short description|None}}
<mapframe width="400" height="400" text="Wildlife sanctuaries in India">
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A [[wildlife sanctuary]] in India is a [[protected area]] of importance for [[flora]], [[fauna]], or features of [[geological]] or other interest, which is reserved and managed for [[Conservation (ethic)|conservation]] and to provide opportunities for study or [[research]]. The [[Wild Life (Protection) Act, 1972]] provides for the establishment of protected areas in India.<ref>{{cite news |title=What is the difference between Wildlife Sanctuaries and National Parks |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/education-today/gk-current-affairs/story/difference-between-wildlife-sanctuaries-and-national-parks-1724972-2020-09-24 |date=24 September 2020 |access-date=25 July 2021 |work=[[India Today]] |archive-date=25 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210725061833/https://www.indiatoday.in/education-today/gk-current-affairs/story/difference-between-wildlife-sanctuaries-and-national-parks-1724972-2020-09-24 |url-status=live }}</ref>

Wildlife sanctuaries of India, are classified as [[IUCN protected area categories#Category IV – habitat or species management area|IUCN Category IV protected areas]]. {{As of|March 2025|post=,}} 573 wildlife sanctuaries have been established, covering {{cvt|123,762.56|km2}}.<ref name="PAN">{{cite web|title=Wildlife Sanctuaries, National Wildlife Database Cell|url=https://wii.gov.in/wildlife_sanctuaries|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230325223928/https://wii.gov.in/wildlife_sanctuaries |archive-date=25 March 2023 |access-date=26 March 2023|work=[[Wildlife Institute of India]]}}</ref> Among these, [[Project Tiger]] governs 53 [[tiger reserves]], which are of special significance for the conservation of the [[Bengal tiger]].<ref>{{cite web |date=25 March 2023 |title=Tiger Reserve List |url=https://ntca.gov.in/tiger-reserves/#tiger-reserves-2 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230325183112/https://ntca.gov.in/tiger-reserves/#tiger-reserves-2 |archive-date=25 March 2023 |access-date=26 March 2023 |work=[[National Tiger Conservation Authority]]}}</ref> Additionally, there are 33 elephant reserves covering {{cvt|80778|km2}} established under the [[Project Elephant]], some of which overlap with the boundaries of declared wildlife sanctuaries and tiger reserves.<ref>{{cite press release|url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=1986211|title=33 Elephant Reserves established in 14 major elephant States|date=14 December 2013|work=[[Government of India]]|access-date=1 December 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite report|url=https://moef.gov.in/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/Elephant-Reserve-of-India-an-atlas_final.pdf|title=Elephant Reserves in India, an atlas|work=[[Government of India]]|access-date=1 December 2023|archive-date=15 April 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240415230014/https://moef.gov.in/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/Elephant-Reserve-of-India-an-atlas_final.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite report|url=http://www.indiaenvironmentportal.org.in/files/ETF_REPORT_FINAL.pdf|title=Elephant Task Force report|work=[[Government of India]]|access-date=1 December 2023|archive-date=4 January 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240104160711/http://www.indiaenvironmentportal.org.in/files/ETF_REPORT_FINAL.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>

Established in 1936, [[Vedanthangal Bird Sanctuary]] in [[Tamil Nadu]] was the first bird sanctuary in the country and the [[Mudumalai National Park|Mudumalai Wildlife Sanctuary]] was established later in 1940.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://datazone.birdlife.org/site/factsheet/vedanthangal-and-karikili-bird-sanctuary-iba-india|title=Vedanthangal and Karikili Bird Sanctuary|work=Bird life international|access-date=1 June 2024|archive-date=18 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180318164345/http://datazone.birdlife.org/site/factsheet/vedanthangal-and-karikili-bird-sanctuary-iba-india|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author1=Hegde, R. |name-list-style=amp |author2=Enters, T. |title=Forest products and household economy: a case study from Mudumalai Wildlife Sanctuary, Southern India |date=2000 |journal=Environmental Conservation |volume=27 |issue=3 |pages=250–259 |doi=10.1017/S037689290000028X |bibcode=2000EnvCo..27..250H |s2cid=86160884 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/231857621}}</ref> Spanning {{cvt|7506.22|km2}}, [[Kutch Desert Wildlife Sanctuary]] in [[Gujarat]] is the largest wildlife sanctuary in the country and spanning just {{cvt|2.0|km2}}, [[Kutch Bustard Sanctuary]] in [[Gujarat]] is the smallest wildlife sanctuary in the country.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-08-16 |title=India’s smallest sanctuary hides one of the world’s rarest bird – can you guess its name? |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/travel/destinations/indias-smallest-sanctuary-hides-one-of-the-worlds-rarest-birds-have-you-seen-it-yet/articleshow/123308970.cms? |access-date=2026-01-01 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref name="Compendium">{{cite report|url=https://tourism.gov.in/sites/default/files/2023-04/9%20Compendium%20Book_2021_Low%20%281%29%20%282%29.pdf|title=National Parks and Wildlife Sanctuaries in India|work=[[Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change]], [[Government of India]]|date=November 2021|access-date=1 June 2024}}</ref> [[Andaman and Nicobar Islands]] has the most number of wildlife sanctuaries (97).<ref name="ANI">{{cite web|url=https://wii.gov.in/eia/wildlife_database/andaman_nicobar_islands|title=Andaman and Nicobar|work=[[Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change]], [[Government of India]]|access-date=1 June 2024}}</ref>

== State/UT wise summary ==
{{table alignment}}
{|class="wikitable sortable defaultcenter col1left" style="font-size: 85%"
|+ State/UT wise summary<ref>{{cite web|url=https://wii.gov.in/nwdc_wildlife_anctuaries|title=Wildlife Sanctuaries|work=[[Wildlife Institute of India]]|access-date=1 December 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://wiienvis.nic.in/Database/wls_8230.aspx|title=Wildlife Sanctuaries|work=ENVIS|access-date=1 December 2025}}</ref>
!State/UT
!State area (km2)
!Wildlife Sanctuaries
!Area (km2)
!% of State area
|-
| [[Andhra Pradesh]]
| 160,229
| 13
| 6,771.40
| 4.23
|-
| [[Arunachal Pradesh]]
| 83,743
| 13
| 7,614.56
| 9.0
|-
| [[Assam]]
| 78,438
| 17
| 1,728.95
| 2.20
|-
| [[Bihar]]
| 94,163
| 12
| 2,851.67
| 3.03
|-
| [[Chhattisgarh]]
| 135,191
| 11
| 3,760.28
| 2.78
|-
| [[Goa]]
| 3,702
| 6
| 647.91
| 17.50
|-
| [[Gujarat]]
| 196,022
| 23
| 16,618.42
| 8.48
|-
| [[Haryana]]
| 44,212
| 7
| 118.21
| 0.27
|-
| [[Himachal Pradesh]]
| 55,673
| 28
| 6,115.97
| 10.99
|-
| [[Jharkhand]]
| 79,714
| 11
| 1,955.82
| 2.45
|-
| [[Karnataka]]
| 191,791
| 35
| 7,923.23
| 4.13
|-
| [[Kerala]]
| 38,863
| 18
| 2,156.21
| 5.55
|-
| [[Madhya Pradesh]]
| 308,245
| 24
| 7,046.19
| 2.29
|-
| [[Maharashtra]]
| 307,713
| 48
| 7,592.30
| 2.47
|-
| [[Manipur]]
| 22,327
| 7
| 708.14
| 3.17
|-
| [[Meghalaya]]
| 22,429
| 4
| 94.11
| 0.42
|-
| [[Mizoram]]
| 21,081
| 9
| 1,359.75
| 6.45
|-
| [[Nagaland]]
| 16,579
| 4
| 43.91
| 0.26
|-
| [[Odisha]]
| 155,707
| 19
| 7,094.65
| 4.56
|-
| [[Punjab]]
| 50,362
| 13
| 326.60
| 0.65
|-
| [[Rajasthan]]
| 342,239
| 25
| 5,592.38
| 1.63
|-
| [[Sikkim]]
| 7,096
| 7
| 399.10
| 5.62
|-
| [[Tamil Nadu]]
| 130,058
| 33
| 7,096.54
| 5.46
|-
| [[Telangana]]
| 114,840
| 9
| 5,672.70
| 4.94
|-
| [[Tripura]]
| 10,486
| 4
| 603.64
| 5.76
|-
| [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| 240,928
| 26
| 5,822.20
| 2.42
|-
| [[Uttarakhand]]
| 53,483
| 7
| 2,690.12
| 5.03
|-
| [[West Bengal]]
| 88,752
| 16
| 1,440.18
| 1.62
|-
| [[Andaman & Nicobar Islands]]
| 8,249
| 97
| 395.60
| 4.80
|-
| [[Chandigarh]]
| 114
| 2
| 26.01
| 22.82
|-
| [[Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu]]
| 603
| 2
| 94.36
| 15.48
|-
| [[Delhi]]
| 1,483
| 1
| 19.61
| 1.32
|-
| [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]]
| 163,090
| 14
| 1,815.04
| 1.11
|-
| [[Ladakh]]
| 59,146
| 2
| 9,000.00
| 15.22
|-
| [[Lakshadweep]]
| 32
| 1
| 0.01
| 0.03
|-
| [[Puducherry (union territory)|Puducherry]]
| 480
| 1
| 3.90
| 0.81
|-
! Total
! 3,287,263
! 573
! 123,762.56
! 3.76
|}

== Andaman and Nicobar Islands ==
{{clear}}
[[File:Barren_Island_Active_Volcano.jpg|thumb|[[Barren Island (Andaman Islands)|Barren Island Wildlife Sanctuary]]]]
[[File:Barren Volcano, Barren Island, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India—Cropped.png|thumb|[[Barren Island (Andaman Islands)|Barren Island]] has the only [[active volcano]] in India.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://volcano.si.edu/volcano.cfm?vn=260010 |title=Barren Island |publisher=Smithsonian |access-date=1 December 2023 |archive-date=6 October 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241006012015/https://volcano.si.edu/volcano.cfm?vn=260010 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.news18.com/news/buzz/did-you-know-india-has-an-active-volcano-its-located-in-andamans-barren-island-4413956.html |title=Did You Know India Has an Active Volcano? It's Located in Andaman's Barren Island |date=7 November 2021 |access-date=1 December 2023 |work=News18 |archive-date=22 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240922031027/https://www.news18.com/news/buzz/did-you-know-india-has-an-active-volcano-its-located-in-andamans-barren-island-4413956.html |url-status=live }}</ref>]]
[[File:Narcondam_island.jpg|thumb|[[Narcondam Island|Narcondam Island Wildlife Sanctuary]]]]
[[File:Hatchlings released at Turtle Islands Wildlife Sanctuary.jpg|thumb|[[Turtle]] hatchlings at [[Turtle Islands Wildlife Sanctuary]]]]
[[File:Narcondam hornbill.jpg|thumb|Endemic [[Narcondam hornbill]] at [[Narcondam Island|Narcondam Island Wildlife Sanctuary]].<ref>{{cite journal|title=An expedition to Narcondam: observations of marine and terrestrial fauna including the island-endemic hornbill|last1=Raman|first1=T. R. Shankar |first2=Divya |last2=Mudappa|first3=Tasneem |last3=Khan| first4=Umeed |last4=Mistry| first5=Ajai |last5=Saxena|first6= Kalyan |last6=Varma| first7=Naveen |last7=Ekka|first8=Janaki |last8=Lenin|first9=Romulus | last9=Whitaker|journal=Current Science| volume=105| issue=3|year=2013|pages=346–350|url=http://www.currentscience.ac.in/Volumes/105/03/0346.pdf}}</ref>]]
{{table alignment}}
{|class="wikitable sortable defaultcenter col1left col4left" style="font-size: 85%"
|+ Wildlife Sanctuaries in Andaman and Nicobar Islands<ref name="Compendium"/><ref name="ANI"/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bigcatsindia.com/top-wildlife-sancturies-of-andaman-islands/|title=List of sanctuaries in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands|work=Big Cats India|date=20 September 2018 |access-date=1 June 2024|archive-date=12 April 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240412133554/https://bigcatsindia.com/top-wildlife-sancturies-of-andaman-islands/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="ENVIS">{{cite web|url=https://wiienvis.nic.in/Database/wls_8230.aspx|title=Wildlife Sanctuaries|work=[[Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change]], [[Government of India]]|access-date=1 June 2025|archive-date=25 June 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250625060917/https://wiienvis.nic.in/Database/wls_8230.aspx|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
! scope="col" style="width: 250px;" |Sanctuary
! scope="col" style="width: 75px;" |Declared
! scope="col" style="width: 75px;" |Area (km2)
! scope="col" style="width: 300px;" |District
|-
| [[Arial Island Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1987
| 0.05
| [[Andaman district|Andaman]]
|-
| [[Bamboo Island Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1987
| 0.05
| [[Andaman district|Andaman]]
|-
| [[Barren Island (Andaman Islands)|Barren Island Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1987
| 8.1
| [[Andaman district|Andaman]]
|-
| [[Battimalv Island Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1987
| 2.23
| [[Nicobar district|Nicobar]]
|-
| [[Belle Island Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1987
| 0.08
| [[Andaman district|Andaman]]
|-
| [[Benett Island Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1987
| 3.46
| [[Andaman district|Andaman]]
|-
| [[Bingham Island Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1987
| 0.08
| [[Andaman district|Andaman]]
|-
| [[Blister Island Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1987
| 0.26
| [[Andaman district|Andaman]]
|-
| [[Bluff Island Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1987
| 1.14
| [[Andaman district|Andaman]]
|-
| [[Bondoville Island Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1987
| 2.55
| [[Andaman district|Andaman]]
|-
| [[Brush Island Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1987
| 0.23
| [[Andaman district|Andaman]]
|-
| [[Buchanan Island Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1987
| 9.33
| [[Andaman district|Andaman]]
|-
| [[Chanel Island Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1987
| 0.13
| [[Andaman district|Andaman]]
|-
| [[Cinque Islands Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1987
| 9.51
| [[Andaman district|Andaman]]
|-
| [[Clyde Island Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1987
| 0.54
| [[Andaman district|Andaman]]
|-
| [[Cone Island Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1987
| 0.65
| [[Andaman district|Andaman]]
|-
| [[Curlew (B.P.) Island Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1987
| 0.16
| [[Andaman district|Andaman]]
|-
| [[Curlew Island Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1987
| 0.03
| [[Andaman district|Andaman]]
|-
| [[Cuthbert Bay Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1997
| 5.82
| [[Andaman district|Andaman]]
|-
| [[Defence Island Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1987
| 10.49
| [[Andaman district|Andaman]]
|-
| [[Dot Island Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1987
| 0.13
| [[Andaman district|Andaman]]
|-
| [[Dottrell Island Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1987
| 0.13
| [[Andaman district|Andaman]]
|-
| [[Duncan Island Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1987
| 0.73
| [[Andaman district|Andaman]]
|-
| [[East Island Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1987
| 6.11
| [[Andaman district|Andaman]]
|-
| [[East of Inglis Island Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1987
| 3.55
| [[Andaman district|Andaman]]
|-
| [[Egg Island Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1987
| 0.05
| [[Andaman district|Andaman]]
|-
| [[Entrance Island Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1987
| 0.96
| [[Andaman district|Andaman]]
|-
| [[Flat Island Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1987
| 9.36
| [[Andaman district|Andaman]]
|-
| [[Gander Island Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1987
| 0.05
| [[Andaman district|Andaman]]
|-
| [[Girjan Island Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1987
| 0.16
| [[Andaman district|Andaman]]
|-
| [[Galathea Bay Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| -
| 11.44
| [[Nicobar district|Nicobar]]
|-
| [[Goose Island Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1987
| 0.01
| [[Andaman district|Andaman]]
|-
| [[Hump Island Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1987
| 0.47
| [[Andaman district|Andaman]]
|-
| [[Interview Island|Interview Island Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1987
| 133.87
| [[Andaman district|Andaman]]
|-
| [[James Island Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1987
| 2.1
| [[Andaman district|Andaman]]
|-
| [[Jungle Island Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1987
| 0.52
| [[Andaman district|Andaman]]
|-
| [[Kwangtung Island Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1987
| 0.57
| [[Andaman district|Andaman]]
|-
| [[Kyd Island Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1987
| 8
| [[Andaman district|Andaman]]
|-
| [[Landfall Island Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1987
| 29.48
| [[Andaman district|Andaman]]
|-
| [[Latouche Island Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1987
| 0.96
| [[Andaman district|Andaman]]
|-
| [[Lohabarrack Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1987
| 22.21
| [[Andaman district|Andaman]]
|-
| [[Mangrove Island Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1987
| 0.39
| [[Andaman district|Andaman]]
|-
| [[Mask Island Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1987
| 0.78
| [[Andaman district|Andaman]]
|-
| [[Mayo Island Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1987
| 0.1
| [[Andaman district|Andaman]]
|-
| [[Megapode Island Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1987
| 0.12
| [[Nicobar district|Nicobar]]
|-
| [[Montogemery Island Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1987
| 0.21
| [[Andaman district|Andaman]]
|-
| [[Narcondam Island|Narcondam Island Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1987
| 6.81
| [[Andaman district|Andaman]]
|-
| [[North Brother Island Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1987
| 0.75
| [[Andaman district|Andaman]]
|-
| [[North Island Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1987
| 0.49
| [[Andaman district|Andaman]]
|-
| [[North Reef Island Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1987
| 3.48
| [[Andaman district|Andaman]]
|-
| [[Oliver Island Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1987
| 0.16
| [[Andaman district|Andaman]]
|-
| [[Orchid Island Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1987
| 0.1
| [[Andaman district|Andaman]]
|-
| [[Ox Island Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1987
| 0.13
| [[Andaman district|Andaman]]
|-
| [[Oyster Island‑I Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1987
| 0.08
| [[Andaman district|Andaman]]
|-
| [[Oyster Island‑II Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1987
| 0.21
| [[Andaman district|Andaman]]
|-
| [[Paget Island Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1987
| 7.36
| [[Andaman district|Andaman]]
|-
| [[Parkinson Island Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1987
| 0.34
| [[Andaman district|Andaman]]
|-
| [[Passage Island Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1987
| 0.62
| [[Andaman district|Andaman]]
|-
| [[Patric Island Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1987
| 0.13
| [[Andaman district|Andaman]]
|-
| [[Peacock Island Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1987
| 0.62
| [[Andaman district|Andaman]]
|-
| [[Pitman Island Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1987
| 1.37
| [[Andaman district|Andaman]]
|-
| [[Point Island Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1987
| 3.07
| [[Andaman district|Andaman]]
|-
| [[Potanma Islands Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1987
| 0.16
| [[Andaman district|Andaman]]
|-
| [[Ranger Island Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1987
| 4.26
| [[Andaman district|Andaman]]
|-
| [[Reef Island Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1987
| 1.74
| [[Andaman district|Andaman]]
|-
| [[Roper Island Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1987
| 1.46
| [[Andaman district|Andaman]]
|-
| [[Ross Island Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1987
| 1.01
| [[Andaman district|Andaman]]
|-
| [[Rowe Island Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1987
| 0.01
| [[Andaman district|Andaman]]
|-
| [[Sandy Island Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1987
| 1.58
| [[Andaman district|Andaman]]
|-
| [[Sea Serpent Island Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1987
| 0.78
| [[Andaman district|Andaman]]
|-
| [[Shark Island Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1987
| 0.6
| [[Andaman district|Andaman]]
|-
| [[Shearme Island Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1987
| 7.85
| [[Andaman district|Andaman]]
|-
| [[Sir Hugh Rose Island Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1987
| 1.06
| [[Andaman district|Andaman]]
|-
| [[Sisters Island Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1987
| 0.36
| [[Andaman district|Andaman]]
|-
| [[Snake Island‑I Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1987
| 0.73
| [[Andaman district|Andaman]]
|-
| [[Snake Island‑II Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1987
| 0.03
| [[Andaman district|Andaman]]
|-
| [[South Brother Island Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1987
| 1.24
| [[Andaman district|Andaman]]
|-
| [[South Reef Island Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1987
| 1.17
| [[Andaman district|Andaman]]
|-
| [[South Sentinel Island Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1987
| 1.61
| [[Andaman district|Andaman]]
|-
| [[Spike Island‑I Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1987
| 0.42
| [[Andaman district|Andaman]]
|-
| [[Spike Island‑II Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1987
| 11.7
| [[Andaman district|Andaman]]
|-
| [[Stoat Island Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1987
| 0.44
| [[Andaman district|Andaman]]
|-
| [[Surat Island Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1987
| 0.31
| [[Andaman district|Andaman]]
|-
| [[Swamp Island Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1987
| 4.09
| [[Andaman district|Andaman]]
|-
| [[Table (Delgarno) Island Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1987
| 2.29
| [[Andaman district|Andaman]]
|-
| [[Table (Excelsior) Island Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1987
| 1.69
| [[Andaman district|Andaman]]
|-
| [[Talabaicha Island Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1987
| 3.21
| [[Andaman district|Andaman]]
|-
| [[Temple Island Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1987
| 1.04
| [[Andaman district|Andaman]]
|-
| [[Tillongchang Island Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1985
| 16.83
| [[Nicobar district|Nicobar]]
|-
| [[Tree Island Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1987
| 0.03
| [[Andaman district|Andaman]]
|-
| [[Trilby Island Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1987
| 0.96
| [[Andaman district|Andaman]]
|-
| [[Tuft Island Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1987
| 0.29
| [[Andaman district|Andaman]]
|-
| [[Turtle Islands Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1987
| 0.39
| [[Andaman district|Andaman]]
|-
| [[West Island Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1987
| 6.4
| [[Andaman district|Andaman]]
|-
| [[Wharf Island Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1987
| 0.11
| [[Andaman district|Andaman]]
|-
| [[White Cliff Island Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1987
| 0.47
| [[Andaman district|Andaman]]
|}

== Andhra Pradesh ==
[[File:Coringa_Wildlife_Sanctuary_1.jpg|thumb|Birds at [[Godavari River]] estuary in [[Coringa Wildlife Sanctuary]]]]
[[File:Blackbucks_Sparring.jpg|thumb|[[Blackbuck]]s at [[Rollapadu Wildlife Sanctuary|Rollapadu Sanctuary]]]]

{|class="wikitable sortable defaultcenter col1left col4left" style="font-size: 85%"
|+ Wildlife Sanctuaries in Andhra Pradesh<ref name="Compendium"/><ref name="ENVIS"/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://forests.ap.gov.in/sanctuaries.php|title=Wildlife Sanctuaries in Andhra Pradesh|work=[[Government of Andhra Pradesh]]|access-date=1 June 2024|archive-date=17 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240617194234/https://forests.ap.gov.in/sanctuaries.php|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
! scope="col" style="width: 250px;" |Sanctuary
! scope="col" style="width: 75px;" |Declared
! scope="col" style="width: 75px;" |Area (km2)
! scope="col" style="width: 300px;" |District
|-
| [[Coringa Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1978
| 235.7
| [[East Godavari district|East Godavari]]
|-
| [[Gundla Brahmeswaram Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1990
| 1193.68
| [[Kurnool district|Kurnool]], [[Prakasam district|Prakasam]]
|-
| [[Kambalakonda Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 2002
| 71.39
| [[Visakhapatnam district|Visakhapatnam]]
|-
| [[Koundinya Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1990
| 357.6
| [[Chittoor district|Chittoor]]
|-
| [[Kolleru Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1953
| 308.55
| [[Krishna district|Krishna]], [[West Godavari district|West Godavari]]
|-
| [[Krishna Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1989
| 194.81
| [[Guntur district|Guntur]], [[Krishna district|Krishna]]
|-
| [[Nagarjunsagar-Srisailam Tiger Reserve]]
| 1978
| 2131.31
| [[Nandyal district|Nandyal]], [[Palnadu district|Palnadu]], [[Prakasam district|Prakasam]]
|-
| [[Nelapattu Bird Sanctuary]]
| 1976
| 4.59
| [[Tirupati district|Tirupati]]
|-
| [[Pulicat Lake Bird Sanctuary]]
| 1976
| 600
| [[Tirupati district|Tirupati]]
|-
| [[Rollapadu Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1988
| 6.14
| [[Nandyal district|Nandyal]]
|-
| [[Sri Lankamalleswara Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1988
| 464.43
| [[Kadapa district|Kadapa]]
|-
| [[Sri Penusila Narasimha Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1997
| 1030.85
| [[Nellore district|Nellore]]
|-
| [[Sri Venkateswara National Park|Sri Venkateswara Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1985
| 172.35
| [[Tirupati district|Tirupati]]
|}

== Arunachal Pradesh ==
[[File:Eaglenest-forests.jpg|thumb|[[Eaglenest Wildlife Sanctuary]]]]
[[File:Hunting_Rufous-necked_Hornbill_Aceros_nipalensis.jpg|thumb|[[Rufous-necked Hornbill]] in [[Mehao Wildlife Sanctuary|Mehao]]]]

{|class="wikitable sortable defaultcenter col1left col4left" style="font-size: 85%"
|+ Wildlife Sanctuaries in Arunachal Pradesh<ref name="Compendium"/><ref name="ENVIS"/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://arunachalforests.gov.in/services/forest-wildlife/wildlife|title=Wildlife of Arunachal Pradesh|work=[[Government of Arunachal Pradesh]]|access-date=1 June 2024}}</ref>
|-
! scope="col" style="width: 250px;" |Sanctuary
! scope="col" style="width: 75px;" |Declared
! scope="col" style="width: 75px;" |Area (km2)
! scope="col" style="width: 300px;" |District
|-
| [[D'Ering Memorial Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1978
| 190
| [[East Siang district|East Siang]]
|-
| [[Dibang Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1991
| 4149
| [[Dibang Valley district|Dibang Valley]]
|-
| [[Eaglenest Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1989
| 217
| [[West Kameng district|West Kameng]]
|-
| [[Itanagar Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1978
| 140.3
| [[Papum Pare district|Papum Pare]]
|-
| [[Kamala Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 2015
| 77.61
| [[Upper Subansiri district|Upper Subansiri]]
|-
| [[Kamlang Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1989
| 783
| [[Lohit district|Lohit]]
|-
| [[Kane Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1991
| 31
| [[West Siang district|West Siang]]
|-
| [[Mehao Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1980
| 281.5
| [[Dibang Valley district|Dibang Valley]]
|-
| [[Pakke Tiger Reserve]]
| 1977
| 861.95
| [[East Kameng district|East Kameng]]
|-
| [[Ringba-Roba Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 2015
| 49.2
| [[East Kameng district|East Kameng]]
|-
| [[Sessa Orchid Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1989
| 100
| [[West Kameng district|West Kameng]]
|-
| [[Talle Valley Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1995
| 337
| [[Lower Subansiri district|Lower Subansiri]]
|-
| [[Yordi Rabe Supse Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1996
| 397
| [[West Siang district|West Siang]]
|}

== Assam ==
[[File:Indian_Rhino_in_Pobitora.jpg|thumb|[[Indian rhinoceros|Indian one-horned rhino]] in [[Pabitora Wildlife Sanctuary]]]]
[[File:A male Western Hoolock Gibbon from Hoollongapar Gibbon Sanctuary, Jorhat - Assam.jpg|thumb|[[Western Hoolock Gibbon]] in [[Hoollongapar Gibbon Sanctuary]]]]

{|class="wikitable sortable defaultcenter col1left col4left" style="font-size: 85%"
|+ Wildlife Sanctuaries in Assam<ref name="Compendium"/><ref name="ENVIS"/>
|-
! scope="col" style="width: 250px;" |Sanctuary
! scope="col" style="width: 75px;" |Declared
! scope="col" style="width: 75px;" |Area (km2)
! scope="col" style="width: 300px;" |District
|-|-
| [[Amchang Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 2004
| 78.64
| [[Kamrup district|Kamrup]]
|-
| [[Barnadi Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1980
| 26.22
| [[Darrang district|Darrang]]
|-
| [[Bherjan-Borajan-Padumoni Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1999
| 7.22
| [[Tinsukia district|Tinsukia]]
|-
| [[Borail Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 2004
| 326.24
| [[Cachar district|Cachar]]
|-
| [[Burachapori Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1995
| 44.06
| [[Sonitpur district|Sonitpur]]
|-
| [[Chakrashila Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1994
| 45.56
| [[Dhubri district|Dhubri]]
|-
| [[Deepar Beel Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1989
| 4.41
| [[Kamrup district|Kamrup]]
|-
| [[East Karbi-Anglong Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 2000
| 221.81
| [[Karbi Anglong district|Karbi-Anglong]]
|-
| [[Garampani Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1952
| 6.05
| [[Karbi Anglong district|Karbi-Anglong]]
|-
| [[Hoollongapar Gibbon Sanctuary]]
| 1997
| 20.98
| [[Jorhat district|Jorhat]]
|-
| [[Laokhowa Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1972
| 70.13
| [[Nagaon district|Nagaon]]
|-
| [[Marat Longri Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 2003
| 451
| [[Karbi Anglong district|Karbi-Anglong]]
|-
| [[Nambor Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 2000
| 37
| [[Karbi Anglong district|Karbi-Anglong]]
|-
| [[Nambor - Doigrung Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 2003
| 97.15
| [[Karbi Anglong district|Karbi-Anglong]]
|-
| [[Pabitora Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1987
| 38.81
| [[Marigaon district|Marigaon]]
|-
| [[Pani Dihing Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1995
| 33.93
| [[Sibsagar district|Sibsagar]]
|-
| [[Sonai Rupai Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1998
| 220
| [[Sonitpur district|Sonitpur]]
|}

== Bihar ==
[[File:Siberian_Stonechat_at_Kanwar_Lake.jpg|thumb| [[Siberian stonechat]] in [[Kanwarjheel Wildlife Sanctuary|Kanwarjheel]]]]
[[File:Gangetic_Dolphin.jpg|thumb|[[Gangetic dolphin]] in [[Vikramshila Gangetic Dolphin Sanctuary|Vikramshila]]]]

{|class="wikitable sortable defaultcenter col1left col4left" style="font-size: 85%"
|+ Wildlife Sanctuaries in Bihar<ref name="Compendium"/><ref name="ENVIS"/>
|-
! scope="col" style="width: 250px;" |Sanctuary
! scope="col" style="width: 75px;" |Declared
! scope="col" style="width: 75px;" |Area (km2)
! scope="col" style="width: 300px;" |District
|-
| [[Barela Bird Sanctuary]]
| 1997
| 1.979
| [[Vaishali district|Vaishali]]
|-
| [[Bhimbandh Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1976
| 681.9
| [[Munger district|Munger]]
|-
| [[Gautam Budha Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1976
| 138.33
| [[Gaya district|Gaya]]
|-
| [[Kaimur Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1979
| 1504.96
| [[Rohtas district|Rohtas]]
|-
| [[Kanwarjheel Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1989
| 63.11
| [[Begusarai district|Begusarai]]
|-
| [[Kusheshwar Asthan Bird Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1994
| 29.21
| [[Darbhanga district|Darbhanga]]
|-
| [[Nagi Bird Sanctuary|Nagi Dam Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1987
| 1.92
| [[Jamui district|Jamui]]
|-
| [[Nakti Dam Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1987
| 3.33
| [[Jamui district|Jamui]]
|-
| [[Pant Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1978
| 35.84
| [[Nalanda district|Nalanda]]
|-
| [[Rajauli Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 2019
| 27.27
| [[Nawada district|Nawada]]
|-
| [[Udaypur Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1978
| 8.87
| [[Pashchim Champaran district|Pashchim Champaran]]
|-
| [[Valmiki Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1978
| 880.78
| [[Pashchim Champaran district|Pashchim Champaran]]
|-
| [[Vikramshila Gangetic Dolphin Sanctuary]]
| 1990
| 60
| [[Bhagalpur district|Bhagalpur]]
|}

== Chandigarh ==
{|class="wikitable sortable defaultcenter col1left col4left" style="font-size: 85%"
|+ Wildlife Sanctuaries in Chandigarh<ref name="Compendium"/>
|-
! scope="col" style="width: 250px;" |Sanctuary
! scope="col" style="width: 75px;" |Declared
! scope="col" style="width: 75px;" |Area (km2)
! scope="col" style="width: 300px;" |District
|-
| [[Parrot Bird Sanctuary, Chandigarh|City Birds Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1998
| 0.03
| [[Chandigarh district|Chandigarh]]
|-
| [[Sukhna Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1986
| 25.98
| [[Chandigarh district|Chandigarh]]
|}

== Chhattisgarh ==
[[File:Achankmar_Tiger.jpg|thumb|[[Bengal tigers]] in [[Achanakmar Wildlife Sanctuary]]]]

{|class="wikitable sortable defaultcenter col1left col4left" style="font-size: 85%"
|+ Wildlife Sanctuaries in Chhattisgarh<ref name="Compendium"/><ref name="ENVIS"/>
|-
! scope="col" style="width: 250px;" |Sanctuary
! scope="col" style="width: 75px;" |Declared
! scope="col" style="width: 75px;" |Area (km2)
! scope="col" style="width: 300px;" |District
|-
| [[Achanakmar Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1975
| 551.55
| [[Bilaspur district, Chhattisgarh|Bilaspur]]
|-
| [[Badalkhol Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1975
| 104.45
| [[Jashpur district|Jashpur]]
|-
| [[Barnawapara Wildlife sanctuary|Barnawapara Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1976
| 244.66
| [[Raipur district|Raipur]]
|-
| [[Bhairamgarh Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1983
| 138.95
| [[Bijapur district, Chhattisgarh|Bijapur]]
|-
| [[Bhoramdev Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 2001
| 351.24
| [[Kawardha district|Kawardha]]
|-
| [[Gomardha Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1975
| 277.82
| [[Raigarh district|Raigarh]]
|-
| [[Pamed Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1985
| 262.12
| [[Bijapur district, Chhattisgarh|Bijapur]]
|-
| [[Semarsot Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1978
| 430.35
| [[Surguja district|Surguja]]
|-
| [[Sitanadi Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1974
| 553.36
| [[Dhamtari district|Dhamtari]]
|-
| [[Tamor Pingla Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1978
| 608.51
| [[Surguja district|Surguja]]
|-
| [[Udanti Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1983
| 247.59
| [[Gariaband district|Gariaband]]
|}

== Dadra Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu ==
[[File:Gir5.jpg|thumb|[[Greater flamingo]]s in [[Fudam Bird Sanctuary]]]]

{|class="wikitable sortable defaultcenter col1left col4left" style="font-size: 85%"
|+ Wildlife Sanctuaries in Dadra Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu<ref name="Compendium"/>
|-
! scope="col" style="width: 250px;" |Sanctuary
! scope="col" style="width: 75px;" |Declared
! scope="col" style="width: 75px;" |Area (km2)
! scope="col" style="width: 300px;" |District
|-
| [[Dadra and Nagar Haveli Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 2000
| 92.16
| [[Dadra and Nagar Haveli]]
|-
| [[Fudam Bird Sanctuary]]
| 1991
| 2.18
| [[Diu district|Diu]]
|}

== Delhi ==
{|class="wikitable sortable defaultcenter col1left col4left" style="font-size: 85%"
|+ Wildlife Sanctuaries in Delhi<ref name="Compendium"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://forest.delhigovt.nic.in/wildlife/asola.html#asola|title=Asola Bhatti Wildlife Sanctuary|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110816140938/http://forest.delhigovt.nic.in/wildlife/asola.html#asola |archive-date=16 August 2011|work=Department of Forests, [[Government of Delhi]]|access-date=1 June 2011}}</ref>
|-
! scope="col" style="width: 250px;" |Sanctuary
! scope="col" style="width: 75px;" |Declared
! scope="col" style="width: 75px;" |Area (km2)
! scope="col" style="width: 300px;" |District
|-
| [[Asola Bhatti Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1992
| 27.82
| [[South Delhi district|South Delhi]]
|}

== Goa ==
[[File:India Goa Chapora River Colony of Birds.jpg|thumb|Birds in [[Salim Ali Bird Sanctuary]]]]

{|class="wikitable sortable defaultcenter col1left col4left" style="font-size: 85%"
|+ Wildlife Sanctuaries in Goa<ref name="Compendium"/><ref name="ENVIS"/>
|-
! scope="col" style="width: 250px;" |Sanctuary
! scope="col" style="width: 75px;" |Declared
! scope="col" style="width: 75px;" |Area (km2)
! scope="col" style="width: 300px;" |District
|-
| [[Bhagwan Mahavir Sanctuary]]
| 1967
| 133
| [[North Goa district|North Goa]]
|-
| [[Bondla Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1969
| 8
| [[North Goa district|North Goa]]
|-
| [[Cotigao Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1968
| 85.65
| [[South Goa district|South Goa]]
|-
| [[Madei Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1999
| 208.48
| [[North Goa district|North Goa]]
|-
| [[Netravali Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1999
| 211.05
| [[South Goa district|South Goa]]
|-
| [[Salim Ali Bird Sanctuary]]
| 1988
| 1.78
| [[North Goa district|North Goa]]
|-
|}

== Gujarat ==
[[File:Gir_lion-Gir_forest,junagadh,gujarat,india.jpeg|thumb|[[Endangered]] [[Asiatic lions]] are only found in [[Gir Wildlife Sanctuary]]]]
[[File:Great_Indian_bustard.jpg|thumb|[[Critically endangered]] [[Indian bustard]] in [[Kutch Bustard Sanctuary]]]]
[[File:The_Vast_Expanse_of_Narara_Sea_Bed_during_Low_Tide_of_Narara_Marine_National_Park.jpg|thumb|[[Marine National Park, Gulf of Kutch|Marine Sanctuary]] in [[Gulf of Kutch]]]]
{{see|List of protected areas of Gujarat}}

{|class="wikitable sortable defaultcenter col1left col4left" style="font-size: 85%"
|+ Wildlife Sanctuaries in Gujarat<ref name="Compendium"/><ref name="ENVIS"/>
|-
! scope="col" style="width: 250px;" |Sanctuary
! scope="col" style="width: 75px;" |Declared
! scope="col" style="width: 75px;" |Area (km2)
! scope="col" style="width: 300px;" |District
|-
| [[Balaram Ambaji Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1989
| 542.08
| [[Banaskantha district|Banaskantha]]
|-
| [[Barda Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1979
| 192.31
| [[Jamnagar district|Jamnagar]], [[Porbandar district|Porbandar]]
|-
| [[Gaga Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1988
| 3.33
| [[Jamnagar district|Jamnagar]]
|-
| [[Gir Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1965
| 1153.42
| [[Amreli district|Amreli]], [[Junagadh district|Junagadh]]
|-
| [[Girnar Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 2008
| 178.8
| [[Junagadh district|Junagadh]]
|-
| [[Hingolgadh Sanctuary|Hingolgadh Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1980
| 6.54
| [[Rajkot district|Rajkot]]
|-
| [[Jambughoda Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1990
| 130.38
| [[Panchmahal district|Godhra]]
|-
| [[Jessore Sloth Bear Sanctuary]]
| 1978
| 180.66
| [[Banaskantha district|Banaskantha]]
|-
| [[Khijadiya Bird Sanctuary]]
| 1981
| 6.05
| [[Jamnagar district|Jamnagar]]
|-
| [[Kutch Bustard Sanctuary]]
| 1995
| 2.03
| [[Kachchh district|Kachchh]]
|-
| [[Kutch Desert Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1986
| 7506.22
| [[Kachchh district|Kachchh]]
|-
| [[Marine National Park, Gulf of Kutch|Marine Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1980
| 295.03
| [[Jamnagar district|Jamnagar]]
|-
| [[Mitiyala Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 2004
| 18.22
| [[Junagadh district|Junagadh]]
|-
| [[Nal Sarovar Bird Sanctuary]]
| 1969
| 120.82
| [[Ahmedabad district|Ahmedabad]], [[Surendranagar district|Surendranagar]]
|-
| [[Narayan Sarovar Sanctuary|Narayan Sarovar Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1995
| 442.91
| [[Kachchh district|Kachchh]]
|-
| [[Pania Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1989
| 39.63
| [[Amreli district|Amreli]]
|-
| [[Porbandar Bird Sanctuary]]
| 1988
| 0.09
| [[Porbandar district|Porbandar]]
|-
| [[Purna Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1990
| 160.84
| [[Dang district, India|Dangs]]
|-
| [[Rampara Sanctuary|Rampara Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1988
| 15.01
| [[Rajkot district|Rajkot]]
|-
| [[Ratanmahal Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1982
| 55.65
| [[Dahod district|Dahod]]
|-
| [[Shoolpaneshwar Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1982
| 607.7
| [[Bharuch district|Bharuch]]
|-
| [[Thol Lake Bird Sanctuary]]
| 1988
| 6.99
| [[Mahesana district|Mahesana]]
|-
| [[Wild Ass Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1973
| 4953.71
| [[Banaskantha district|Banaskantha]], [[Kachchh district|Kachchh]], [[Mahesana district|Mahesana]], [[Patan district|Patan]], [[Rajkot district|Rajkot]], [[Surendranagar district|Surendranagar]]
|}

== Haryana ==
[[File:Small black bird.jpg|thumb|[[Indian robin]] in [[Bhindawas Wildlife Sanctuary|Bhindawas Sanctuary]]]]

{{see|List of protected areas of Haryana}}
{|class="wikitable sortable defaultcenter col1left col4left" style="font-size: 85%"
|+ Wildlife Sanctuaries in Haryana<ref name="Compendium"/><ref name="ENVIS"/>
|-
! scope="col" style="width: 250px;" |Sanctuary
! scope="col" style="width: 75px;" |Declared
! scope="col" style="width: 75px;" |Area (km2)
! scope="col" style="width: 300px;" |District
|-
| [[Abubshahar Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1987
| 115.31
| [[Sirsa district|Sirsa]]
|-
| [[Bhindawas Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1986
| 4.12
| [[Jhajjar district|Jhajjar]]
|-
| [[Bir Shikargah Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1987
| 7.67
| [[Panchkula district|Panchkula]]
|-
| [[Chhilchhila Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1986
| 0.29
| [[Kaithal district|Kaithal]]
|-
| [[Kalesar National Park|Kalesar Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1996
| 54.36
| [[Yamuna Nagar district|Yamuna Nagar]]
|-
| [[Khaparwas Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1991
| 0.83
| [[Jhajjar district|Jhajjar]]
|-
| [[Khol Hi-Raitan Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 2004
| 48.83
| [[Panchkula district|Panchkula]]
|-
| [[Nahar Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1987
| 2.11
| [[Rewari district|Rewari]]
|}

== Himachal Pradesh ==
{{see|List of protected areas of Himachal Pradesh}}
[[File:Snow Leopards - Ghost of the Mountains for Ministry of Tourism (MOT) India 9.png|thumb|[[Snow leopard]] in [[Kibber]]]]
[[File:Kalatop_Wildlife_Sanctuary.JPG|thumb|[[Kalatop Khajjiar Wildlife Sanctuary|Kalatop Wildlife Sanctuary]]]]
[[File:Nargu_WLS_North_Remote_Snow_Himachal_Jan15_DSC_6939.jpg|thumb|Snowy peaks in [[Nargu Wildlife Sanctuary]]]]
[[File:Bar-headed_Goose_and_Ruddy_Shelduck_(49642817993).jpg|thumb|Birds in [[Pong Dam Lake]]]]

{|class="wikitable sortable defaultcenter col1left col4left" style="font-size: 85%"
|+ Wildlife Sanctuaries in Himachal Pradesh<ref name="Compendium"/><ref name="ENVIS"/>
|-
! scope="col" style="width: 250px;" |Sanctuary
! scope="col" style="width: 75px;" |Declared
! scope="col" style="width: 75px;" |Area (km2)
! scope="col" style="width: 300px;" |District
|-
| [[Bandli Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1962
| 32.11
| [[Mandi district|Mandi]]
|-
| [[Chail Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1976
| 16
| [[Sirmaur district|Sirmaur]]
|-
| [[Chandratal Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 2007
| 38.56
| [[Lahaul and Spiti district|Lahaul and Spiti]]
|-
| [[Churdhar Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1985
| 55.52
| [[Sirmaur district|Sirmaur]]
|-
| [[Daranghati Sanctuary|Daranghati Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1962
| 171.5
| [[Shimla district|Shimla]]
|-
| [[Dhauladhar Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1994
| 982.96
| [[Kangra district|Kangra]]
|-
| [[Gamgul Siyabehi Wildlife Sanctuary|Gamgul Siahbehi Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1962
| 108.4
| [[Chamba district|Chamba]]
|-
| [[Kais Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1954
| 12.61
| [[Kullu district|Kullu]]
|-
| [[Kalatop Khajjiar Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1958
| 17.17
| [[Chamba district|Chamba]]
|-
| [[Kanwar Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1954
| 107.29
| [[Kullu district|Kullu]]
|-
| [[Khokhan Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1954
| 14.94
| [[Kullu district|Kullu]]
|-
| [[Kibber Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1992
| 2220.12
| [[Lahaul and Spiti district|Lahul and Spiti]]
|-
| [[Kugti Sanctuary|Kugti Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1962
| 405.49
| [[Chamba district|Chamba]]
|-
| [[Lippa Asrang Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 2001
| 31
| [[Kinnaur district|Kinnaur]]
|-
| [[Majthal Sanctuary|Majathal Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1954
| 30.86
| [[Solan district|Solan]]
|-
| [[Manali Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1954
| 29
| [[Kullu district|Kullu]]
|-
| [[Nargu Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1962
| 132.37
| [[Mandi district|Mandi]]
|-
| [[Pong Dam Lake Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1982
| 207.59
| [[Kangra district|Kangra]]
|-
| [[Rakchham Chitkul Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1989
| 304
| [[Kinnaur district|Kinnaur]]
|-
| [[Renuka Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 2013
| 3.87
| [[Sirmaur district|Sirmaur]]
|-
| [[Rupi Bhaba Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1982
| 503
| [[Kinnaur district|Kinnaur]]
|-
| [[Sainj Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1994
| 90
| [[Kullu district|Kullu]]
|-
| [[Sechu Tuan Nala Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1962
| 390.29
| [[Chamba district|Chamba]]
|-
| [[Shikari Devi Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1962
| 29.94
| [[Mandi district|Mandi]]
|-
| [[Shimla Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1958
| 10
| [[Shimla district|Shimla]]
|-
| [[Talra Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1962
| 46.48
| [[Shimla district|Shimla]]
|-
| [[Tirthan Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1992
| 61
| [[Kullu district|Kullu]]
|-
| [[Tundah Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1999
| 64
| [[Chamba district|Chamba]]
|}

== Jammu and Kashmir ==
[[File:Flora_of_Gulmarg_Wildlife_Sanctuary.jpg|thumb|Flora in [[Gulmarg Wildlife Sanctuary]]]]

{|class="wikitable sortable defaultcenter col1left col4left" style="font-size: 85%"
|+ Wildlife Sanctuaries in Jammu and Kashmir<ref name="Compendium"/><ref name="ENVIS"/>
|-
! scope="col" style="width: 250px;" |Sanctuary
! scope="col" style="width: 75px;" |Declared
! scope="col" style="width: 75px;" |Area (km2)
! scope="col" style="width: 300px;" |District
|-
| [[Baltal Thajwas Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1987
| 203
| [[Srinagar district|Srinagar]]
|-
| [[Gulmarg Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1987
| 180
| [[Baramulla district|Baramulla]]
|-
| [[Hirpora Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1987
| 341.25
| [[Baramulla district|Baramulla]]
|-
| [[Jasrota Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1987
| 10.04
| [[Kathua district|Kathua]]
|-
| [[Lachipora Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1987
| 80
| [[Baramulla district|Baramulla]]
|-
| [[Limber Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1987
| 12
| [[Baramulla district|Baramulla]]
|-
| [[Nandini Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1990
| 33.34
| [[Jammu district|Jammu]]
|-
| [[Overa-Aru Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1987
| 425
| [[Anantnag district|Anantnag]]
|-
| [[Rajparian Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1945
| 20
| [[Anantnag district|Anantnag]]
|-
| [[Ramnagar Rakha Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1990
| 31.5
| [[Jammu district|Jammu]]
|-
| [[Mansar-Surinsar Wildlife Sanctuary|Surinsar-Mansar Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1990
| 97.82
| [[Jammu district|Jammu]]
|-
| [[Tratte Koot|Tata Kutti]] Wildlife Sanctuary
| 2012
| 66.27
| [[Jammu district|Jammu]]
|-
| [[Tral Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 2019
| 154.15
| [[Pulwama district|Pulwama]]
|}

== Jharkhand ==
[[File:Where_to_Go.jpg|thumb|[[Crested serpent eagle]] in [[Dalma Wildlife Sanctuary]]]]

{|class="wikitable sortable defaultcenter col1left col4left" style="font-size: 85%"
|+ Wildlife Sanctuaries in Jharkhand<ref name="Compendium"/><ref name="ENVIS"/>
|-
! scope="col" style="width: 250px;" |Sanctuary
! scope="col" style="width: 75px;" |Declared
! scope="col" style="width: 75px;" |Area (km2)
! scope="col" style="width: 300px;" |District
|-|-
| [[Dalma Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1976
| 193.22
| [[East Singhbhum district|Singhbhum East]]
|-
| [[Gautam Budha Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1976
| 121.14
| [[Koderma district|Koderma]]
|-
| [[Hazaribagh Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1976
| 186.25
| [[Hazaribagh district|Hazaribagh]]
|-
| [[Koderma Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1985
| 177.35
| [[Koderma district|Koderma]]
|-
| [[Lawalong Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1978
| 211.03
| [[Chatra district|Chatra]]
|-
| [[Mahuadanr Wolf Sanctuary|Mahuadanr Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1976
| 63.26
| [[Palamau district|Palamau]]
|-
| [[Palamau Tiger Reserve|Palamau Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1976
| 752.94
| [[Palamau district|Palamau]]
|-
| [[Palkot Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1990
| 182.83
| [[Gumla district|Gumla]]
|-
| [[Parasnath Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1984
| 49.33
| [[Giridih district|Giridih]]
|-
| [[Topchanchi Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1978
| 12.82
| [[Dhanbad district|Dhanbad]]
|-
| [[Udhwa Lake Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1991
| 5.65
| [[Sahebganj district|Sahebganj]]
|}

== Karnataka ==
[[File:Indian_Leopard_Bhadra_2.jpg|thumb|[[Indian leopard]] in [[Bhadra Wildlife Sanctuary]]]]
[[File:GrizzledSquirell-cauvery_wls.jpg|thumb|[[Grizzled giant squirrel]] in [[Cauvery Wildlife Sanctuary]]]]
[[File:"_Malabar_Pied_Hornbill_".jpg|thumb|[[Malabar pied hornbill]]s in [[Dandeli Wildlife Sanctuary]]]]
[[File:MelursusUrsinusFemaleCub.jpg|thumb|[[Sloth bear]] with cub at [[Daroji Sloth Bear Sanctuary]]]]

{|class="wikitable sortable defaultcenter col1left col4left" style="font-size: 85%"
|+ Wildlife Sanctuaries in Karnataka<ref name="Compendium"/><ref name="ENVIS"/>
|-
! scope="col" style="width: 250px;" |Sanctuary
! scope="col" style="width: 75px;" |Declared
! scope="col" style="width: 75px;" |Area (km2)
! scope="col" style="width: 300px;" |District
|-
| [[Adichunchanagiri Peacock Wildlife Sanctuary|Adichunchunagiri Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1981
| 0.84
| [[Mandya district|Mandya]]
|-
| [[Arabithittu Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1985
| 13.5
| [[Mysore district|Mysore]]
|-
|[[Arsikere Sloth Bear Wildlife Sanctuary]]
|2023
|100.88
|[[Hassan district|Hassan]]
|-
| [[Attiveri Bird Sanctuary]]
| 1994
| 2.23
| [[Uttara Kannada district|Uttara Kannada]]
|-
|[[Bankapura Wolf Wildlife Sanctuary]]
|2023
|3.32
|[[Koppal district|Koppal]]
|-
| [[Bhadra Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1974
| 500.16
| [[Chikmagalur district|Chikmagalur]], [[Shimoga district|Shimoga]]
|-
| [[Bhimgad Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 2010
| 190.42
| [[Belgavi district|Belgavi]]
|-
| [[Biligiriranga Hills|Biligiri Rangaswamy Temple Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1987
| 539.52
| [[Chamarajanagar district|Chamarajanagar]]
|-
| [[Brahmagiri Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1974
| 181.29
| [[Kodagu district|Kodagu]]
|-
|[[Bukkapatna Chinkara Wildlife Sanctuary]]
|2019
|148
|[[Tumakuru district|Tumakuru]]
|-
|[[Cauvery Extension Wildlife Sanctuary]]
|
|
|
|-
| [[Cauvery Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1987
| 1027.53
| [[Chamarajanagar district|Chamarajanagar]], [[Mandya district|Mandya]], [[Ramanagar district|Ramanagar]]
|-
|[[Chincholi Wildlife Sanctuary]]
|2011
|134.88
|[[Kalaburagi district|Kalaburagi]]
|-
| [[Dandeli Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1987
| 886.41
| [[Uttara Kannada district|Uttara Kannada]]
|-
| [[Daroji Sloth Bear Sanctuary]]
| 1992
| 82.72
| [[Dharwar district|Dharwar]]
|-
| [[Ghataprabha Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1974
| 29.78
| [[Belgaum district|Belgaum]]
|-
| [[Gudavi Bird Sanctuary]]
| 1989
| 0.73
| [[Shimoga district|Shimoga]]
|-
|[[Gudekote Extension Wildlife Sanctuary]]
|2019
|120.04
|[[Ballari district|Ballari]]
|-
| [[Gudekote Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 2013
| 47.16
| [[Ballari district|Ballari]]
|-
| [[Jogimatti Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 2015
| 100.48
| [[Chitradurga district|Chitradurga]]
|-
| [[Kamasandra Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 2019
| 78.62
| [[Ramanagara district|Ramanagara]]
|-
| [[Kappatagudda Wildlife Sanctuary|Kappathagudda Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 2019
| 244.15
| [[Gadag district|Gadag]]
|-
| [[Malai Mahadeshwara Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 2013
| 906.19
| [[Chamarajanagar district|Chamarajanagar]]
|-
| [[Melkote Temple Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1974
| 49.82
| [[Mandya district|Mandya]]
|-
| [[Mookambika Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1974
| 370.37
| [[Udipi district|Udipi]]
|-
| [[Nugu Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1974
| 30.32
| [[Mysore district|Mysore]]
|-
| [[Pushpagiri Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1987
| 102.92
| [[Dakshina Kannada district|Dakshina Kannada]], [[Kodagu district|Kodagu]]
|-
| [[Ramadevarabetta Vulture Sanctuary]]
| 2012
| 3.46
| [[Ramanagara district|Ramanagara]]
|-
| [[Ranganathittu Bird Sanctuary]]
| 1940
| 0.67
| [[Mysore district|Mysore]]
|-
| [[Rangayyanadurga Four-horned antelope Wildlife Sanctuary|Rangayyanadurga Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 2011
| 77.23
| [[Davanagere district|Davanagere]]
|-
| [[Ranibennur Blackbuck Sanctuary]]
| 1974
| 119
| [[Dharwad district|Dharwad]]
|-
| [[Sharavathi LTM Wildlife Sanctuary|Sharavati Valley Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1974
| 930.16
| [[Shimoga district|Shimoga]]
|-
| [[Shettihalli Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1974
| 395.6
| [[Shimoga district|Shimoga]]
|-
| [[Someshwara Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1974
| 314.25
| [[Udipi district|Udipi]]
|-
| [[Talakaveri Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1987
| 105.59
| [[Kodagu district|Kodagu]]
|-
| [[Thimlapura Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 2016
| 50.86
| [[Tumkur district|Tumkur]]
|-
| [[Uttaregudda Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 2023
| 189.26
| [[Chitradurga district|Chitradurga]]
|-
| [[Yadahalli Chinkara Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 2015
| 96.36
| [[Bagalkot district|Bagalkot]]
|}

== Kerala ==
[[File:Strobilanths kunthiana.jpg|thumb|[[Strobilanthes kunthiana|Kurinji flowers]] in [[Kurinjimala Sanctuary]]]]
[[File:Ocyceros_griseus_-India-8a.jpg|thumb|A [[Malabar grey hornbill]] in [[Thattekad Bird Sanctuary]]]]
{{see|List of protected areas of Kerala}}

{|class="wikitable sortable defaultcenter col1left col4left" style="font-size: 85%"
|+ Wildlife Sanctuaries in Kerala<ref name="Compendium"/><ref name="ENVIS"/>
|-
! scope="col" style="width: 250px;" |Sanctuary
! scope="col" style="width: 75px;" |Declared
! scope="col" style="width: 75px;" |Area (km2)
! scope="col" style="width: 300px;" |District
|-
| [[Aralam Butterfly Sanctuary]]
| 1984
| 55
| [[Kannur district|Kannur]]
|-
| [[Chimmony Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1984
| 85
| [[Thrissur district|Thrissur]]
|-
| [[Chinnar Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1984
| 90.44
| [[Idukki district|Idukki]]
|-
| [[Choolannur Pea Fowl Sanctuary]]
| 2007
| 3.42
| [[Palakkad district|Palakkad]]
|-
| [[Idukki Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1976
| 70
| [[Idukki district|Idukki]]
|-
| [[Karimpuzha Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 2019
| 227.97
| [[Malappuram district|Malappuram]]
|-
| [[Kottiyoor Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 2011
| 30.38
| [[Kannur district|Kannur]]
|-
| [[Kurinjimala Sanctuary]]
| 2006
| 32
| [[Idukki district|Idukki]]
|-
| [[Malabar Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 2010
| 74.22
| [[Kozhikode district|Kozhikode]]
|-
| [[Mangalavanam Bird Sanctuary]]
| 2004
| 0.03
| [[Ernakulam district|Ernakulam]]
|-
| [[Neyyar Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1958
| 128
| [[Thiruvananthapuram district|Thiruvananthapuram]]
|-
| [[Parambikulam Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1973
| 285
| [[Palakkad district|Palakkad]]
|-
| [[Peechi-Vazhani Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1958
| 125
| [[Thrissur district|Thrissur]]
|-
| [[Peppara Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1983
| 53
| [[Thiruvananthapuram district|Thiruvananthapuram]]
|-
| [[Periyar Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1950
| 427
| [[Idukki district|Idukki]]
|-
| [[Shendurney Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1984
| 100.32
| [[Kollam district|Kollam]]
|-
| [[Thattekad Bird Sanctuary]]
| 1983
| 25
| [[Idukki district|Idukki]]
|-
| [[Wayanad Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1973
| 344.44
| [[Wayanad district|Wayanad]]
|}

== Ladakh ==
[[File:Changthang_Cold_Desert_Wildlife_Sanctuary.jpg|thumb|[[Changthang Wildlife Sanctuary]]]]

{|class="wikitable sortable defaultcenter col1left col4left" style="font-size: 85%"
|+ Wildlife Sanctuaries in Ladakh<ref name="Compendium"/><ref name="ENVIS"/>
|-
! scope="col" style="width: 250px;" |Sanctuary
! scope="col" style="width: 75px;" |Declared
! scope="col" style="width: 75px;" |Area (km2)
! scope="col" style="width: 300px;" |District
|-
| [[Changthang Cold Desert Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1987
| 4000
| [[Leh district|Leh]]
|-
| [[Karakoram Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1987
| 5000
| [[Leh district|Leh]]
|}

== Lakshadweep ==
{|class="wikitable sortable defaultcenter col1left col4left" style="font-size: 85%"
|+ Wildlife Sanctuaries in Lakshadweep<ref name="Compendium"/><ref name="ENVIS"/>
|-
! scope="col" style="width: 250px;" |Sanctuary
! scope="col" style="width: 75px;" |Declared
! scope="col" style="width: 75px;" |Area (km2)
! scope="col" style="width: 300px;" |District
|-
| [[Pitti Wildlife Sanctuary|Pitti]]
| 2002
| 0.01
| [[Lakshadweep district|Lakshadweep]]
|}

== Madhya Pradesh ==
[[File:Big_Mama_National_Chambal_sanctuary_01.jpg|thumb|[[Gharial]] in [[National Chambal Sanctuary]]]]
[[File:Spotted_Deer_(Axis_axis).jpg|thumb|[[Spotted deer]] in [[Nauradehi Wildlife Sanctuary]]]]
[[File:BobchakPTR.jpg|thumb|[[Bengal tiger]] in [[Pench Tiger Reserve]]]]

{|class="wikitable sortable defaultcenter col1left col4left" style="font-size: 85%"
|+ Wildlife Sanctuaries in Madhya Pradesh<ref name="Compendium"/<ref name="ENVIS"/>
|-
! scope="col" style="width: 250px;" |Sanctuary
! scope="col" style="width: 75px;" |Declared
! scope="col" style="width: 75px;" |Area (km2)
! scope="col" style="width: 300px;" |District
|-
| [[Bagdara Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1978
| 478
| [[Sidhi district|Sidhi]]
|-
| [[Bori Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1977
| 485.72
| [[Hoshangabad district|Hoshangabad]]
|-
|[[Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar Wildlife Sanctuary]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Service |first=Express News |date=2025-04-12 |title=Ahead of Ambedkar Jayanti, Madhya Pradesh names newest wildlife sanctuary after Dr B R Ambedkar |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2025/Apr/12/ahead-of-ambedkar-jayanti-madhya-pradesh-names-newest-wildlife-sanctuary-after-dr-b-r-ambedkar |access-date=2025-08-26 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>
|2025
|258.64
|[[Sagar district|Sagar]]
|-
| [[Gandhi Sagar Sanctuary]]
| 1981
| 368.62
| [[Mandsaur district|Mandsaur]]
|-
| [[Gangau Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1979
| 78.53
| [[Chhatarpur district |Chhatarpur]]
|-
| [[Ghatigaon Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1981
| 510.64
| [[Gwalior district|Gwalior]]
|-
| [[Karera Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1981
| 202.21
| [[Shivpuri district|Shivpuri]]
|-
|[[Karmajhiri Wildlife Sanctuary]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=PTI |date=2022-07-27 |title=Karmajhiri adjacent to Pench Tiger Reserve in MP declared as sanctuary |url=https://theprint.in/india/karmajhiri-adjacent-to-pench-tiger-reserve-in-mp-declared-as-sanctuary/1057352/ |access-date=2025-08-25 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US}}</ref>
|2022
|14.1
|[[Seoni district|Seoni]]
|-
| [[Ken Gharial Sanctuary]]
| 1981
| 45.2
| [[Chhatarpur district|Chhatarpur]], [[Panna district|Panna]]
|-
| [[Kheoni Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1982
| 134.78
| [[Dewas district|Dewas]], [[Sehore district|Sehore]]
|-
| [[Narsinghgarh Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1978
| 57.19
| [[Raigarh district|Raigarh]]
|-
| [[National Chambal Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1978
| 435
| [[Morena district|Morena]], [[Bhind district|Bhind]]
|-
| [[Nauradehi Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1984
| 1197.04
| [[Damoh district|Damoh]], [[Narsimhapur district|Narsimhapur]], [[Sagar district|Sagar]]
|-
| [[Orchha Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1994
| 44.91
| [[Tikamgarh district|Tikamgarh]]
|-
| [[Pachmarhi Biosphere Reserve|Pachmarhi Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1977
| 491.63
| [[Hoshangabad district|Hoshangabad]]
|-
| [[Panpatha Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1983
| 245.84
| [[Umaria district|Umaria]]
|-
| [[Pench Tiger Reserve|Pench Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1975
| 118.47
| [[Chhindwara district|Chhindwara]], [[Seoni district|Seoni]]
|-
| [[Phen Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1983
| 110.74
| [[Mandla district|Mandla]]
|-
| [[Ralamandal Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1989
| 2.35
| [[Indore district|Indore]]
|-
| [[Ratapani Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1978
| 910.64
| [[Raisen district|Raisen]]
|-
| [[Sailana Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1983
| 12.97
| [[Ratlam district|Ratlam]]
|-
| [[Sanjay National Park|Sanjay Dubri Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1975
| 347.94
| [[Sidhi district|Sidhi]]
|-
| [[Sardarpur Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1983
| 348.12
| [[Dhar district|Dhar]]
|-
| [[Singhori Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1976
| 312.04
| [[Raisen district|Raisen]]
|-
| [[Son Gharial Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1981
| 83.68
| [[Satna district|Satna]], [[Shahdol district|Shahdol]], [[Sidhi district|Sidhi]]
|-
| [[Veerangana Durgavati Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1997
| 23.97
| [[Damoh district|Damoh]]
|}

== Maharashtra ==
[[File:Vertex_visually_tttt.jpg|thumb|[[Demoiselle crane]]s in [[Jayakwadi Bird Sanctuary]]]]
[[File:Panthera_tigris_tigris_Tidoba_20150306.jpg|thumb|[[Bengal Tiger]] in [[Andhari Wildlife Sanctuary]]]]
[[File:Lonar_Crater_Lake.jpg|thumb|[[Lonar Lake]], India's only [[meteorite]] [[impact crater lake]], in [[Lonar Wildlife Sanctuary]]<ref>{{cite journal |last1= Crósta |first1= A.P. |last2= Reimold |first2= W.U. |last3= Vasconcelos |first3= M.A.R. |last4= Hauser |first4= N. |last5= Oliveira |first5= G.J.G. |last6= Maziviero |first6= M.V. |last7= Góes |first7= A.M. |date= April 2019 |title= Impact cratering: The South American record – Part 1 |journal= Geochemistry |volume= 79 |issue= 1 |pages= 1–61 |doi= 10.1016/j.chemer.2018.06.001 |bibcode= 2019ChEG...79....1C |doi-access= |s2cid= 134656351 }}</ref>]]
[[File:ThaneCreek_-_August_2016.jpg|thumb|[[Thane creek]]]]
[[File:Habitat_Tansa_WLS_by_Dr._Raju_Kasambe_DSCN4979_(7).jpg|thumb|[[Dry deciduous forest|Dry forests]] in [[Tansa Wildlife Sanctuary]]]]

{|class="wikitable sortable defaultcenter col1left col4left" style="font-size: 85%"
|+ Wildlife Sanctuaries in Maharashtra<ref name="Compendium"/><ref name="ENVIS"/>
|-
! scope="col" style="width: 250px;" |Sanctuary
! scope="col" style="width: 75px;" |Declared
! scope="col" style="width: 75px;" |Area (km2)
! scope="col" style="width: 300px;" |District
|-
| [[Amba Barwa Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1997
| 127.11
| [[Buldhana district|Buldhana]]
|-
| [[Andhari Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1986
| 509.27
| [[Chandrapur district|Chandrapur]]
|-
| [[Aner Dam Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1986
| 82.94
| [[Dhule district|Dhule]]
|-
| [[Bhamragarh Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1997
| 104.38
| [[Gadchiroli district|Gadchiroli]]
|-
| [[Bhimashankar Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1985
| 130.78
| [[Pune district|Pune]], [[Raigad district|Raigad]], [[Thane district|Thane]]
|-
| [[Bor Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1970
| 61.1
| [[Nagpur district|Nagpur]], [[Wardha district|Wardha]]
|-
| [[Chaprala Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1986
| 134.78
| [[Gadchiroli district|Gadchiroli]]
|-
| [[Deolgaon‑Rehkuri Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1980
| 2.17
| [[Ahmednagar district|Ahmednagar]]
|-
| [[Dnyanganga Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1997
| 205.21
| [[Buldhana district|Buldhana]]
|-
| [[Gautala Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1986
| 260.61
| [[Aurangabad district, Maharashtra|Aurangabad]], [[Jalgaon district|Jalgaon]]
|-
| [[Ghodazari Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 2018
| 153.31
| [[Chandrapur district|Chandrapur]]
|-
| [[Great Indian Bustard Sanctuary]]
| 1979
| 366.73
| [[Ahmednagar district|Ahmednagar]], [[Solapur district|Solapur]]
|-
| [[Isapur Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 2014
| 37.8
| [[Yavatmal district|Yavatmal]]
|-
| [[Jayakwadi Bird Sanctuary]]
| 1986
| 341.05
| [[Ahmednagar district|Ahmednagar]], [[Aurangabad district, Maharashtra|Aurangabad]]
|-
| [[Kalsubai Harishchandragad Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1986
| 361.71
| [[Ahmednagar district|Ahmednagar]]
|-
|[[Kanhargaon Wildlife Sanctuary]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-04-07 |title=Maharashtra notifies 269 sq. km. Kanhargaon Wildlife Sanctuary, state's 50th |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/mumbai-news/maharashtra-notifies-269-sq-km-kanhargaon-wildlife-sanctuary-state-s-50th-101617739581256.html |access-date=2025-08-26 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref>
|2021
|269.4
|[[Chandrapur district|Chandrapur]]
|-
| [[Karanja Sohol Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 2000
| 18.32
| [[Akola district|Akola]]
|-
| [[Karnala Bird Sanctuary]]
| 1968
| 12.16
| [[Raigad district|Raigad]]
|-
| [[Katepurna Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1988
| 73.68
| [[Akola district|Akola]]
|-
| [[Koka Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 2013
| 100.14
| [[Bhandara district|Bhandara]]
|-
| [[Koyna Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1985
| 335.3
| [[Satara district|Satara]]
|-
| [[Lonar Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 2000
| 3.83
| [[Buldhana district|Buldhana]]
|-
| [[Malvan Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1987
| 29.12
| [[Sindhudurg district|Sindhudurg]]
|-
| [[Mayureswar Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1997
| 5.15
| [[Pune district|Pune]]
|-
| [[Mansingdeo Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 2010
| 182.58
| [[Nagpur district|Nagpur]]
|-
| [[Melghat|Melghat Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1985
| 778.75
| [[Amravati district|Amravati]]
|-
| [[Nagzira Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1970
| 152.81
| [[Bhandara district|Bhandara]]
|-
| [[Naigaon Mayur Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1994
| 29.89
| [[Beed district|Beed]]
|-
| [[Nandur Madhmeshwar Bird Sanctuary|Nandur Madhameshwar Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1986
| 100.12
| [[Nashik district|Nashik]]
|-
| [[Narnala Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1997
| 12.35
| [[Akola district|Akola]]
|-
| [[Nawegaon Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 2012
| 122.76
| [[Gondia district|Gondia]]
|-
| [[New Bor Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 2012
| 60.7
| [[Nagpur district|Nagpur]], [[Wardha district|Wardha]]
|-
|[[New Maldhok Bird (Gangewadi) Wildlife Sanctuary]]
|2015
|1.98
|[[Solapur district|Solapur]]
|-
| [[New Nagzira Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 2012
| 151.33
| [[Bhandara district|Bhandara]]
|-
| [[Painganga Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1986
| 424.89
| [[Nanded district|Nanded]], [[Yavatmal district|Yavatmal]]
|-
| [[Phansad Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1986
| 69.79
| [[Raigad district|Raigad]]
|-
|[[Pranhita Wildlife Sanctuary]]
|2014
|420.06
|[[Gadchiroli district|Gadchiroli]]
|-
| [[Radhanagari Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1958
| 351.16
| [[Kolhapur district|Kolhapur]]
|-
| [[Sagareshwar Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1985
| 10.87
| [[Sangli district|Sangli]]
|-
| [[Sudhagad Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 2014
| 77.13
| [[Raigad District|Raigad]]
|-
| [[Tamhini Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 2013
| 49.62
| [[Pune district|Pune]]
|-
| [[Tansa Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1970
| 304.81
| [[Thane district|Thane]]
|-
| [[Thane Creek Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 2015
| 16.9
| [[Thane district|Thane]]
|-
| [[Tipeshwar Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1997
| 148.63
| [[Yavatmal district|Yavatmal]]
|-
| [[Tungareshwar Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 2003
| 85
| [[Palghar district|Palghar]]
|-
| [[Umred Pauni Karhandla Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 2012
| 189.29
| [[Bhandara district|Bhandara]], [[Nagpur district|Nagpur]]
|-
| [[Wan Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1997
| 211
| [[Amravati district|Amravati]]
|-
| [[Yawal Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1969
| 177.52
| [[Jalgaon district|Jalgaon]]
|-
| [[Yedsi Ramling Ghat Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1997
| 22.38
| [[Osmanabad district|Osmanabad]]
|}

== Manipur ==
[[File:Western hoolock gibbon.jpg|thumb|[[Hoolock gibbon]] in [[Yangoupokpi-Lokchao Wildlife Sanctuary]]]]

{|class="wikitable sortable defaultcenter col1left col4left" style="font-size: 85%"
|+ Wildlife Sanctuaries in Manipur<ref name="Compendium"/><ref name="ENVIS"/>
|-
! scope="col" style="width: 250px;" |Sanctuary
! scope="col" style="width: 75px;" |Declared
! scope="col" style="width: 75px;" |Area (km2)
! scope="col" style="width: 300px;" |District
|-
| [[Bunning Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1997
| 115.8
| [[Tamenglong district|Tamenglong]]
|-
| [[Jiri-Makru Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1997
| 198
| [[Imphal East district|Imphal East]], [[Tamenglong district|Tamenglong]]
|-
| [[Kailam Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1997
| 187.5
| [[Churachandpur district|Churachandpur]]
|-
| [[Khongjaingamba Ching Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 2016
| 0.41
| [[Imphal East district|Imphal East]]
|-
| [[Thinungei Bird Sanctuary]]
| 2019
| 1.03
| [[Bishnupur district|Bishnupur]]
|-
| [[Yangoupokpi-Lokchao Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1989
| 184.4
| [[Chandel district|Chandel]]
|-
| [[Zeilad Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1997
| 21
| [[Tamenglong district|Tamenglong]]
|}

== Meghalaya ==
{|class="wikitable sortable defaultcenter col1left col4left" style="font-size: 85%"
|+ Wildlife Sanctuaries in Meghalaya<ref name="Compendium"/><ref name="ENVIS"/>
|-
! scope="col" style="width: 250px;" |Sanctuary
! scope="col" style="width: 75px;" |Declared
! scope="col" style="width: 75px;" |Area (km2)
! scope="col" style="width: 300px;" |District
|-
| [[Baghmara Pitcher Plant Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1984
| 0.02
| [[South Garo Hills district|South Garo Hills]]
|-
| [[Narpuh Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 2014
| 59.9
| [[East Jaintia Hills district|East Jaintia Hills]], [[West Jaintia Hills district|West Jaintia Hills]]
|-
| [[Nongkhyllem Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1981
| 29
| [[Ri Bhoi district|Ri Bhoi]]
|-
| [[Siju Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1979
| 5.18
| [[South Garo Hills district|South Garo Hills]]
|}

== Mizoram ==
[[File:Himalayan_Cutia_Cutia_nipalensis_photo_by_Dr._Raju_Kasambe_(1).jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|[[Himalayan cutia]] in [[Lengteng Wildlife Sanctuary]]]]

{|class="wikitable sortable defaultcenter col1left col4left" style="font-size: 85%"
|+ Wildlife Sanctuaries in Mizoram<ref name="Compendium"/><ref name="ENVIS"/>
|-
! scope="col" style="width: 250px;" |Sanctuary
! scope="col" style="width: 75px;" |Declared
! scope="col" style="width: 75px;" |Area (km2)
! scope="col" style="width: 300px;" |District
|-
|[[Dampa Tiger Reserve|Dampa Wildlife Sanctuary]]
|1985
|500
|[[Aizawl district|Aizawl]]
|-
| [[Khawnglung Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 2000
| 35
| [[Serchhip district|Serchhip]]
|-
| [[Lengteng Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 2002
| 60
| [[Champhai district|Champhai]]
|-
| [[Ngengpui Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1997
| 110
| [[Lawngtlai district|Lawngtlai]]
|-
| [[Pualreng Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 2013
| 50
| [[Kolasib district|Kolasib]]
|-
| [[Tawi Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 2001
| 35.75
| [[Lunglei district|Lunglei]]
|-
| [[Thorangtlang Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 2015
| 180
| [[Lunglei district|Lunglei]]
|-
| [[Tokalo Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 2007
| 250
| [[Siaha district|Saiha]]
|}

== Nagaland ==
{|class="wikitable sortable defaultcenter col1left col4left" style="font-size: 85%"
|+ Wildlife Sanctuaries in Nagaland<ref name="Compendium"/><ref name="ENVIS"/>
|-
! scope="col" style="width: 250px;" |Sanctuary
! scope="col" style="width: 75px;" |Declared
! scope="col" style="width: 75px;" |Area (km2)
! scope="col" style="width: 300px;" |District
|-
| [[Fakim Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1980
| 6.42
| [[Tuensang district|Tuensang]]
|-
| [[Puliebadze Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1980
| 9.23
| [[Kohima district|Kohima]]
|-
|[[Rangapahar Wildlife Sanctuary]]
|1986
|4.7
|[[Dimapur district|Dimapur]]
|-
| [[Singphan Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 2009
| 23.57
| [[Mon district|Mon]]
|}

== Odisha ==
[[File:STR_(38).jpg|thumb|A waterfall in [[Simlipal National Park|Simlipal Wildlife Sanctuary]]]]
[[File:Steep_cliffs_are_a_common_sight_in_Sunabeda_wildlife_Sanctuary.jpg|thumb|Cliffs in [[Sunabeda Wildlife Sanctuary]]]]

{|class="wikitable sortable defaultcenter col1left col4left" style="font-size: 85%"
|+ Wildlife Sanctuaries in Odisha<ref name="Compendium"/><ref name="ENVIS"/>
|-
! scope="col" style="width: 250px;" |Sanctuary
! scope="col" style="width: 75px;" |Declared
! scope="col" style="width: 75px;" |Area (km2)
! scope="col" style="width: 300px;" |District
|-
| [[Ushakothi Wildlife Sanctuary|Badrama Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1962
| 304.03
| [[Sambalpur district|Sambalpur]]
|-
| [[Baisipalli Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1981
| 168.35
| [[Nayagarh district|Nayagarh]]
|-
| [[Balukhand-Konark Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1984
| 71.72
| [[Puri district|Puri]]
|-
| [[Bhitarkanika Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1975
| 525
| [[Kendrapara district|Kendrapara]]
|-
| [[Chandaka Elephant Sanctuary|Chandaka Dampara Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1982
| 175.79
| [[Khurda district|Khurda]], [[Cuttack district|Cuttack]]
|-
| [[Debrigarh Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1985
| 346.91
| [[Sambalpur district|Sambalpur]]
|-
| [[Gahirmatha Marine Sanctuary]]
| 1997
| 1435
| [[Kendrapara district|Kendrapara]]
|-
| [[Hadgarh Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1978
| 191.06
| [[Keonjhar district|Keonjhar]], [[Mayurbhanj district|Mayurbhanj]]
|-
| [[Kapilasa Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 2011
| 125.5
| [[Dhenkanal district|Dhenkanal]]
|-
| [[Karlapat Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1992
| 147.66
| [[Kalahandi district|Kalahandi]]
|-
| [[Khalasuni Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1982
| 116
| [[Sambalpur district|Sambalpur]]
|-
| [[Kotgarh Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1981
| 399.5
| [[Phulbani district|Phulbani]]
|-
| [[Kuldiha Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1984
| 272.75
| [[Balasore district|Balasore]]
|-
| [[Lakhari Valley Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1985
| 185.87
| [[Gajapati district|Gajapati]]
|-
| [[Nalbana Bird Sanctuary]]
| 1987
| 15.53
| [[Ganjam district|Ganjam]], [[Khurda district|Khurda]], [[Puri district|Puri]]
|-
| [[Nandankanan Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1979
| 14.16
| [[Khurda district|Khurda]]
|-
| [[Satkosia Gorge Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1976
| 745.52
| [[Angul district|Angul]], [[Boudh district|Boudh]], [[Cuttack district|Cuttack]]
|-
| [[Simlipal National Park|Simlipal Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1979
| 1354.3
| [[Mayurbhanj district|Mayurbhanj]]
|-
| [[Sunabeda Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1988
| 500
| [[Nuapada district|Nuapada]]
|}

== Punjab ==
{|class="wikitable sortable defaultcenter col1left col4left" style="font-size: 85%"
|+ Wildlife Sanctuaries in Punjab<ref name="Compendium"/><ref name="ENVIS"/>
|-
! scope="col" style="width: 250px;" |Sanctuary
! scope="col" style="width: 75px;" |Declared
! scope="col" style="width: 75px;" |Area (km2)
! scope="col" style="width: 300px;" |District
|-
| [[Abohar Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1988
| 186.5
| [[Firozpur district|Firozpur]]
|-
| [[Bir Aishvan Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1952
| 2.64
| [[Sangrur district|Sangrur]]
|-
| [[Bir Bhadson Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1952
| 10.23
| [[Patiala district|Patiala]]
|-
| [[Bir Bunerheri Wildlife Sanctuary|Bir Bhunerheri Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1952
| 6.62
| [[Patiala district|Patiala]]
|-
| [[Bir Dosanjh Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1952
| 5.18
| [[Patiala district|Patiala]]
|-
| [[Bir Gurdialpura Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1977
| 6.2
| [[Patiala district|Patiala]]
|-
| [[Bir Mehaswala Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1952
| 1.23
| [[Patiala district|Patiala]]
|-
| [[Bir Motibagh Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1952
| 6.54
| [[Patiala district|Patiala]]
|-
| [[Harike Lake Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1982
| 86
| [[Firozpur district|Firozpur]]
|-
| [[Jhajjar Bacholi Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1998
| 1.16
| [[Rupnagar district|Rupnagar]]
|-
| [[Kathlaur Kushlian Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 2007
| 7.58
| [[Gurdaspur district|Gurdaspur]]
|-
| [[Nangal Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 2009
| 2.9
| [[Rupnagar district|Rupnagar]]
|-
| [[Takhni-Rehampur Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1992
| 3.82
| [[Hoshiarpur district|Hoshiarpur]]
|-
|}

== Puducherry ==
{|class="wikitable sortable defaultcenter col1left col4left" style="font-size: 85%"
|+ Wildlife Sanctuaries in Puducherry<ref name="Compendium"/>
|-
! scope="col" style="width: 250px;" |Sanctuary
! scope="col" style="width: 75px;" |Declared
! scope="col" style="width: 75px;" |Area (km2)
! scope="col" style="width: 300px;" |District
|-
| [[Oussudu Bird Sanctuary]]
| 2008
| 3.9
| [[Puducherry district|Puducherry]]
|}

== Rajasthan ==
[[File:Jaisamandlake.jpg|thumb|[[Dhebar Lake]] in [[Jaisamand Wildlife Sanctuary]]]]
[[File:Rock_formations_in_or_near_the_Phulwari_ki_Nal_Wildlife_Sanctuary.png|thumb|Rocks in [[Phulwari ki Nal Wildlife Sanctuary]]]]
[[File:A_View_of_Sita_Mata_sanctuary,_Pratapgarh,_Rajasthan,_India.jpg|thumb|A stream in [[Sita Mata Wildlife Sanctuary]]]]

{|class="wikitable sortable defaultcenter col1left col4left" style="font-size: 85%"
|+ Wildlife Sanctuaries in Rajasthan<ref name="Compendium"/><ref name="ENVIS"/><ref>{{cite web |title=National Parks and Sanctuaries in Rajasthan |url=https://forest.rajasthan.gov.in/content/raj/forest/en/resources/forest-statistics/general-introduction1/national-parks-and-sanctuaries-in-rajasthan.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241222144530/https://forest.rajasthan.gov.in/content/raj/forest/en/resources/forest-statistics/general-introduction1/national-parks-and-sanctuaries-in-rajasthan.html |archive-date=22 December 2024 |access-date=6 May 2025 |work=[[Government of Rajasthan]] |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
! scope="col" style="width: 250px;" |Sanctuary
! scope="col" style="width: 75px;" |Declared
! scope="col" style="width: 75px;" |Area (km2)
! scope="col" style="width: 300px;" |District
|-
| [[Bandh Baretha|Bandh Baretha Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1985
| 171.39
| [[Bharatpur district|Bharatpur]], [[Karauli]]
|-
| [[Bassi Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1988
| 138.69
| [[Chittaurgarh district|Chittaurgarh]]
|-
| [[Bhensrodgarh Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1983
| 201.4
| [[Chittaurgarh district|Chittaurgarh]]
|-
| [[Darrah Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1955
| 227.63
| [[Jhalawar district|Jhalawar]], [[Kota district|Kota]]
|-
| [[Desert National Park|Desert National Sanctuary]]
| 1981
| 3162
| [[Barmer district|Barmer]], [[Jaisalmer district|Jaisalmer]]
|-
| [[Jaisamand Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1955
| 52.34
| [[Rajsamand district|Rajsamand]]
|-
| [[Jamwa Ramgarh Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1982
| 300
| [[Jaipur district|Jaipur]]
|-
| [[Jawahar Sagar Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1975
| 194.6
| [[Kota district|Kota]]
|-
| [[Kailadevi Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1983
| 676.82
| [[Karauli district|Karauli]]
|-
| [[Kesarbagh Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1955
| 14.76
| [[Dholpur district|Dholpur]]
|-
| [[Kumbhalgarh Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1971
| 610.53
| [[Pali district|Pali]], [[Udaipur district|Udaipur]]
|-
| [[Mount Abu Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1960
| 103.97
| [[Sirohi district|Sirohi]]
|-
| [[Nahargarh Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1980
| 52.4
| [[Jaipur district|Jaipur]]
|-
| [[National Chambal Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1979
| 564.03
| [[Kota district|Kota]]
|-
| [[Phulwari ki Nal Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1983
| 511.41
| [[Pali district|Pali]], [[Udaipur district|Udaipur]]
|-
| [[Ramgarh Vishdhari Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1982
| 303.05
| [[Bundi district|Bundi]]
|-
| [[Ramsagar Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1955
| 34.4
| [[Dholpur district|Dholpur]]
|-
| [[Sajjangarh Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1987
| 5.19
| [[Udaipur district|Udaipur]]
|-
| [[Sariska Tiger Reserve|Sariska Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1955
| 544.22
| [[Alwar district|Alwar]]
|-
| [[Sawai Madhopur Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1955
| 131.3
| [[Sawai Madhopur district|Sawai Madhopur]]
|-
| [[Sawai Man Singh Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1984
| 113.07
| [[Sawai Madhopur district|Sawai Madhopur]]
|-
| [[Shergarh Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1983
| 81.67
| [[Kota district|Kota]]
|-
| [[Sita Mata Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1979
| 422.94
| [[Chittaurgarh district|Chittaurgarh]], [[Udaipur district|Udaipur]]
|-
| [[Tal Chhapar Sanctuary|Tal Chhapar Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1971
| 7.19
| [[Churu district|Churu]]
|-
| [[Todgarh-Raoli Sanctuary|Todgarh-Raoli Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1983
| 495.27
| [[Ajmer district|Ajmer]], [[Pali district|Pali]], [[Rajsamand district|Rajsamand]]
|-
| [[Van Vihar Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1955
| 25.6
| [[Dholpur district|Dholpur]]
|}

== Sikkim ==
[[File:Rhododendrone_near_barsey_rhododendrone_sanctuary_02.jpg|thumb|[[Rhododendron]] in [[Varsey Rhododendron Sanctuary]]]]

{|class="wikitable sortable defaultcenter col1left col4left" style="font-size: 85%"
|+ Wildlife Sanctuaries in Sikkim<ref name="Compendium"/><ref name="ENVIS"/>
|-
! scope="col" style="width: 250px;" |Sanctuary
! scope="col" style="width: 75px;" |Declared
! scope="col" style="width: 75px;" |Area (km2)
! scope="col" style="width: 300px;" |District
|-
| [[Fambong Lho Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1984
| 51.76
| [[East Sikkim district|East Sikkim]]
|-
| [[Kitam Bird Sanctuary]]
| 2005
| 6
| [[Namchi district|Namchi]]
|-
| [[Kyongnosla Alpine Sanctuary]]
| 1977
| 31
| [[East Sikkim district|East Sikkim]]
|-
| [[Maenam Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1987
| 35.34
| [[South Sikkim district|South Sikkim]]
|-
| [[Pangolakha Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 2002
| 128
| [[East Sikkim district|East Sikkim]]
|-
| [[Shingba Rhododendron Sanctuary]]
| 1984
| 43
| [[North Sikkim district|North Sikkim]]
|-
| [[Varsey Rhododendron Sanctuary]]
| 1998
| 104
| [[West Sikkim district|West Sikkim]]
|}

== Tamil Nadu ==
[[File:Uday_Kiran_Elephants_quarrel.jpg|thumb|[[Indian elephants]] in [[Anamalai Wildlife Sanctuary]]]]
[[File:The_gaur_bull_near_waterhole_KMTR_AJTJ.jpg|thumb|[[Indian gaur]] in [[Kalakkad Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve]]]]
[[File:Vedanthangal_Bird_Sanctuary_at_season.JPG|thumb|[[Vedanthangal Bird Sanctuary]], India's first wildlife sanctuary]]
[[File:Tiger_Drinking_Pond_Mudumalai_Mar21_DSC01310.jpg|thumb|[[Bengal tiger]] in [[Mudumalai Wildlife Sanctuary]]]]
{{see|List of protected areas of Tamil Nadu}}

{|class="wikitable sortable defaultcenter col1left col4left" style="font-size: 85%"
|+ Wildlife Sanctuaries in Tamil Nadu<ref name="Compendium"/><ref name="ENVIS"/>
|-
! scope="col" style="width: 250px;" |Sanctuary
! scope="col" style="width: 75px;" |Declared
! scope="col" style="width: 75px;" |Area (km2)
! scope="col" style="width: 300px;" |District
|-
| [[Anamalai Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1976
| 841.49
| [[Coimbatore district|Coimbatore]], [[Tiruppur district|Tiruppur]]
|-
| [[Cauvery North Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 2014
| 504.33
| [[Dharmapuri district|Dharmapuri]], [[Krishnagiri district|Krishnagiri]]
|-
| [[Cauvery South Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 2022
| 686.41
| [[Dharmapuri district|Dharmapuri]], [[Krishnagiri district|Krishnagiri]]
|-
| [[Chitrangudi Bird Sanctuary]]
| 1989
| 0.48
| [[Ramanathapuram district|Ramanathapuram]]
|-
| [[Gangaikondan Spotted Deer Sanctuary]]
| 2013
| 2.88
| [[Tirunelveli district|Tirunelveli]]
|-
| [[Grizzled Squirrel Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1988
| 485.2
| [[Virudhunagar district|Virudhunagar]]
|-
| [[Kadavur Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 2022
| 118.07
| [[Dindigul district|Dindigul]], [[Karur district|Karur]]
|-
| [[Kalakkad Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve|Kalakkad Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1976
| 223.58
| [[Tirunelveli district|Tirunelveli]]
|-
| [[Kallaperambur Lake Bird Sanctuary]]
| 2015
| 64
| [[Thanjavur district|Thanjavur]]
|-
| [[Kanjirankulam Bird Sanctuary]]
| 1989
| 1.04
| [[Ramanathapuram district|Ramanathapuram]]
|-
| [[Kanyakumari Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 2007
| 402.4
| [[Kanyakumari district|Kanyakumari]]
|-
| [[Karaivetti Bird Sanctuary]]
| 1999
| 4.54
| [[Perambalur district|Perambalur]]
|-
| [[Karikili Bird Sanctuary]]
| 1989
| 0.61
| [[Kanchipuram district|Kanchipuram]]
|-
| [[Kazhuveli Bird Sanctuary]]
| 2021
| 51.52
| [[Villupuram district|Villupuram]]
|-
| [[Kodaikanal Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 2008
| 608.95
| [[Dindigul district|Dindigul]], [[Theni district|Theni]]
|-
| [[Koonthankulam Bird Sanctuary]]
| 1994
| 1.29
| [[Tirunelveli district|Tirunelveli]]
|-
| [[Megamalai Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 2009
| 269.11
| [[Madurai district|Madurai]], [[Theni district|Theni]]
|-
| [[Melaselvanur-Kilaselvanur Bird Sanctuary]]
| 2010
| 5.93
| [[Ramanathapuram district|Ramanathapuram]]
|-
| [[Mudumalai Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1940
| 217.76
| [[Nilgiris district|Nilgiris]]
|-
| [[Kalakkad Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve|Mundanthurai Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1962
| 582.08
| [[Tirunelveli district|Tirunelveli]]
|-
| [[Nanjarayan Tank Bird Sanctuary]]
| 2022
| 1.26
| [[Tiruppur district|Tiruppur]]
|-
| [[Nellai Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 2014
| 356.73
| [[Tirunelveli district|Tirunelveli]]
|-
| [[Point Calimere Wildlife and Bird Sanctuary]]
| 1967
| 141.36
| [[Nagappattinam district|Nagapattinam]], [[Thanjavur district|Thanjavur]], [[Thiruvarur district|Thiruvarur]]
|-
| [[Pulicat Lake Bird Sanctuary]]
| 1980
| 153.67
| [[Tiruvallur district|Tiruvallur]]
|-
| [[Sakkarakottai Bird Sanctuary]]
| 2012
| 2.3
| [[Ramanathapuram district|Ramanathapuram]]
|-
| [[Sathyamangalam Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 2008
| 1,411.61
| [[Erode district|Erode]]
|-
| [[Thanthai Periyar Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 2023<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2023/mar/21/tamil-nadus-18th-wildlife-sanctuary-to-come-up-in-erode-2558036.html|title=Tamil Nadu's 18th wildlife sanctuary to come up in Erode|date=21 March 2023|access-date=24 August 2023|newspaper=[[The New Indian Express]]|archive-date=24 August 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230824135751/https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2023/mar/21/tamil-nadus-18th-wildlife-sanctuary-to-come-up-in-erode-2558036.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
| 805.67
| [[Erode district|Erode]]
|-
| [[Therthangal Bird Sanctuary]]
| 2010
| 0.29
| [[Ramanathapuram district|Ramanathapuram]]
|-
| [[Udayamarthandapuram Bird Sanctuary]]
| 1998
| 0.45
| [[Thiruvarur district|Thiruvarur]]
|-
| [[Vaduvoor Bird Sanctuary]]
| 1991
| 1.28
| [[Thiruvarur district|Thiruvarur]]
|-
| [[Vedanthangal Bird Sanctuary]]
| 1936
| 0.3
| [[Chengalpattu district|Chengalpattu]]
|-
| [[Vallanadu Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1987
| 16.41
| [[Thoothukudi district|Thoothukudi]]
|-
| [[Vellode Bird Sanctuary]]
| 2000
| 0.77
| [[Erode district|Erode]]
|-
| [[Vettangudi Bird Sanctuary]]
| 1977
| 0.38
| [[Sivagangai district|Sivagangai]]
|}

== Telangana ==
[[File:A_view_from_Pocharam_Lake_with_Herons,_Egrets,_Openbills_etc_W_IMG_9727.jpg|thumb|Birds in [[Pocharam Wildlife Sanctuary]]]]

{|class="wikitable sortable defaultcenter col1left col4left" style="font-size: 85%"
|+ Wildlife Sanctuaries in Telangana <ref name="Compendium"/><ref name="ENVIS"/>
|-
! scope="col" style="width: 250px;" |Sanctuary
! scope="col" style="width: 75px;" |Declared
! scope="col" style="width: 75px;" |Area (km2)
! scope="col" style="width: 300px;" |District
|-
| [[Eturnagaram Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1953
| 803
| [[Karimnagar district|Karimnagar]], [[Warangal district|Warangal]]
|-
| [[Kawal Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1965
| 892.23
| [[Adilabad district|Adilabad]]
|-
| [[Kinnerasani Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1977
| 635.41
| [[Khammam district|Khammam]]
|-
| [[Manjira Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1978
| 20
| [[Medak district|Medak]]
|-
| [[Nagarjunsagar-Srisailam Tiger Reserve]]
| 1978
| 2166.37
| [[Mahabub Nagar district|Mahabub Nagar]], [[Nalgonda district|Nalgonda]]
|-
| [[Pakhal Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1952
| 860
| [[Warangal district|Warangal]]
|-
| [[Pocharam Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1952
| 129.84
| [[Medak district|Medak]], [[Nizamabad district|Nizamabad]]
|-
| [[Pranahita Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1980
| 136.03
| [[Adilabad district|Adilabad]]
|-
| [[Shivaram Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1978
| 29.81
| [[Adilabad district|Adilabad]], [[Karimnagar district|Karimnagar]]
|}

== Tripura ==
[[File:Deer, Sepahijala WLS.jpg|thumb|[[Chital]] in [[Sepahijala Wildlife Sanctuary|Sepahijala Sanctuary]]]]

{|class="wikitable sortable defaultcenter col1left col4left" style="font-size: 85%"
|+ Wildlife Sanctuaries in Tripura<ref name="Compendium"/><ref name="ENVIS"/>
|-
! scope="col" style="width: 250px;" |Sanctuary
! scope="col" style="width: 75px;" |Declared
! scope="col" style="width: 75px;" |Area (km2)
! scope="col" style="width: 300px;" |District
|-
| [[Gumti Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1988
| 389.54
| [[South Tripura district|South Tripura]]
|-
| [[Rowa Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1988
| 0.86
| [[North Tripura district|North Tripura]]
|-
| [[Sepahijala Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1987
| 18.53
| [[West Tripura district|West Tripura]]
|-
| [[Trishna Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1988
| 194.71
| [[South Tripura district|South Tripura]]
|}

== Uttar Pradesh ==
[[File:Devdari_Water_fall_in_Chandra_prabha.jpg|thumb|A waterfall in [[Chandra Prabha Wildlife Sanctuary]]]]
[[File:Migratory_Birds_At_Hastinapur.jpg|thumb|Birds in [[Hastinapur Wildlife Sanctuary]]]]
[[File:Gandak_River_in_Sohagi_barwa_WLS_AJTJ_IMG_5447.jpg|thumb|[[Gandaki River]] in [[Sohagi Barwa Wildlife Sanctuary]]]]
{{see|List of protected areas of Uttar Pradesh}}

{|class="wikitable sortable defaultcenter col1left col4left" style="font-size: 85%"
|+ Wildlife Sanctuaries in Uttar Pradesh<ref name="Compendium"/><ref name="ENVIS"/>
|-
! scope="col" style="width: 250px;" |Sanctuary
! scope="col" style="width: 75px;" |Declared
! scope="col" style="width: 75px;" |Area (km2)
! scope="col" style="width: 300px;" |District
|-
| [[Bakhira Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1990
| 28.94
| [[Sant Kabir Nagar district|Sant Kabir Nagar]]
|-
| [[Chandra Prabha Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1957
| 78
| [[Chandauli district|Chandauli]]
|-
| [[Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar Bird Sanctuary]]
| 2003
| 4.27
| [[Raebareli district|Raebareli]]
|-
| [[Hastinapur Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1986
| 2073
| [[Bijnore district|Bijnore]], [[Ghaziabad district|Ghaziabad]], [[Jyotiba Phule Nagar district|Jyotiba Nagar]], [[Meerut district|Meerut]], [[Muzaffarnagar district|Muzaffarnagar]]
|-
| [[Kachhua Sanctuary|Kachhua Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1989
| 7
| [[Varanasi district|Varanasi]]
|-
| [[Kaimoor Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1982
| 500.73
| [[Mirzapur district|Mirzapur]], [[Sonbhadra district|Sonbhadra]]
|-
| [[Katarniaghat Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1976
| 400.09
| [[Bahraich district|Bahraich]]
|-
| [[Kishanpur Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1972
| 227
| [[Lakhimpur Kheri district|Lakhimpur-Kheri]], [[Shahjahanpur district|Shahjahanpur]]
|-
| [[Lakh Bahosi Sanctuary|Lakh Bahosi Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1988
| 80.24
| [[Farrukhabad district|Farrukhabad]]
|-
| [[Mahavir Swami Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1977
| 5.41
| [[Lalitpur District, India|Lalitpur]]
|-
| [[National Chambal Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1979
| 635
| [[Agra district|Agra]], [[Etawah district|Etawah]]
|-
| [[Nawabganj Bird Sanctuary]]
| 1984
| 2.25
| [[Unnao district|Unnao]], [[Lucknow district|Lucknow]]
|-
| [[Okhla Sanctuary|Okhla Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1990
| 4
| [[Gautam Buddh Nagar district|Gautam Buddh Nagar]]
|-
| [[Parvati Arga Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1990
| 10.84
| [[Gonda district|Gonda]]
|-
| [[Patna Bird Sanctuary]]
| 1990
| 1.09
| [[Etah district|Etah]]
|-
|[[Pilibhit Wildlife Sanctuary]]
|2014
|730.24
|[[Pilibhit district|Pilibhit]]
|-
| [[Ranipur Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1977
| 230.31
| [[Banda District, India|Banda]], [[Chitrakoot district|Chitrakoot]]
|-
| [[Saman Bird Sanctuary]]
| 1990
| 5.26
| [[Mainpuri district|Mainpuri]]
|-
| [[Samaspur Bird Sanctuary]]
| 1987
| 7.99
| [[Rae Bareli district|Rae Bareli]]
|-
| [[Sandi Bird Sanctuary]]
| 1990
| 3.09
| [[Hardoi district|Hardoi]]
|-
| [[Shekha Bird Sanctuary]]
| 2016
| 0.25
| [[Aligarh district|Aligarh]]
|-
| [[Sohagi Barwa Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1987
| 428.2
| [[Maharajganj district|Maharajganj]]
|-
| [[Sohelwa Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1988
| 452.47
| [[Balrampur district, Uttar Pradesh|Balrampur]], [[Shravasti district|Shravasti]]
|-
| [[Sur Sarovar Sanctuary|Sur Sarovar Bird Sanctuary]]
| 1991
| 4.03
| [[Agra district|Agra]]
|-
| [[Surha Tal Bird Sanctuary]]
| 1991
| 34.32
| [[Ballia district|Ballia]]
|-
| [[Vijai Sagar Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1990
| 2.62
| [[Mahoba district|Mahoba]]
|}

== Uttarakhand ==
[[File:Panchchuli_Peaks,_near_Munsiyari,_Uttarakhand.jpg|thumb|[[Himalayas|Himalayan]] peaks visible from [[Askot Musk Deer Sanctuary]]]]

{|class="wikitable sortable defaultcenter col1left col4left" style="font-size: 85%"
|+ Wildlife Sanctuaries in Uttarakhand<ref name="Compendium"/><ref name="ENVIS"/>
|-
! scope="col" style="width: 250px;" |Sanctuary
! scope="col" style="width: 75px;" |Declared
! scope="col" style="width: 75px;" |Area (km2)
! scope="col" style="width: 300px;" |District
|-
| [[Askot Musk Deer Sanctuary]]
| 1986
| 600
| [[Pithoragarh district|Pithoragarh]]
|-
| [[Binsar Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1988
| 47.07
| [[Almora district|Almora]]
|-
| [[Govind Pashu Vihar Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1955
| 485.89
| [[Uttarkashi district|Uttarkashi]]
|-
| [[Kedarnath Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1972
| 975.2
| [[Chamoli district|Chamoli]], [[Rudraprayag district|Rudraprayag]]
|-
| [[Mussoorie Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1993
| 10.82
| [[Dehradun district|Dehradun]]
|-
| [[Nandhaur Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 2012
| 269.96
| [[Champawat district|Champawat]], [[Nainital district|Nainital]]
|-
| [[Sonanadi Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1987
| 301.18
| [[Pauri Garhwal district|Pauri Garhwal]]
|}

== West Bengal ==
[[File:Buxa-elephant.jpg|thumb|[[Indian elephants]] in [[Buxa Tiger Reserve]]]]
[[File:Common_Jezebel_at_Raiganj_Wildlife_Sanctuary.jpg|thumb|[[Common jezebel]] in [[Raiganj Wildlife Sanctuary]]]]
{{see|List of protected areas of West Bengal}}

{|class="wikitable sortable defaultcenter col1left col4left" style="font-size: 85%"
|+ Wildlife Sanctuaries in West Bengal<ref name="Compendium"/><ref name="ENVIS"/>
|-
! scope="col" style="width: 250px;" |Sanctuary
! scope="col" style="width: 75px;" |Declared
! scope="col" style="width: 75px;" |Area (km2)
! scope="col" style="width: 300px;" |District
|-
| [[Ballabhpur Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1977
| 2.02
| [[Birbhum district|Birbhum]]
|-
| [[Bethuadahari Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1980
| 0.67
| [[Nadia district|Nadia]]
|-
| [[Bibhutibhushan Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1985
| 0.64
| [[North 24 Parganas district|North 24-Paraganas]]
|-
| [[Buxa Tiger Reserve|Buxa Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1986
| 251.89
| [[Jalpaiguri district|Jalpaiguri]]
|-
| [[Chapramari Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1976
| 9.6
| [[Jalpaiguri district|Jalpaiguri]]
|-
|[[Chintamoni Kar Bird Sanctuary|Chintamoni Kar Wildlife Sanctuary]]
|1982
|0.07
|[[South 24 Parganas]]
|-
| [[Haliday Island Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1976
| 5.95
| [[South 24 Parganas district|South 24-Paraganas]]
|-
| [[Jore Pokhri Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1985
| 0.04
| [[Darjeeling district|Darjeeling]]
|-
| [[Lothian Island Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1976
| 38
| [[South 24 Parganas district|South 24-Paraganas]]
|-
| [[Mahananda Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1976
| 158.04
| [[Darjeeling district|Darjeeling]]
|-
|[[Pakhibitan Wildlife Sanctuary]]
|2011
|14.09
|[[Jalpaiguri district|Jalpaiguri]]
|-
| [[Raiganj Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1985
| 1.3
| [[North Dinajpur district|North Dinajpur]]
|-
| [[Ramnabagan Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1981
| 0.15
| [[Burdwan district|Burdwan]]
|-
| [[Sajnakhali Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1976
| 362.4
| [[South 24 Parganas district|South 24-Paraganas]]
|-
| [[Senchal Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 1976
| 38.88
| [[Darjeeling district|Darjeeling]]
|-
| [[West Sunderban Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 2013
| 556.45
| [[South 24 Parganas district|South 24-Paraganas]]
|}

== See also ==
* [[List of national parks of India]]
* [[List of botanical gardens in India]]
* [[Project Elephant#Elephant reserves|Elephant reserves]]
* [[Tiger reserves of India]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Geography of India}}
{{Zoos of India}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Wildlife sanctuaries of India| ]]
[[Category:Lists of protected areas of India| ]]

Kattu Vannu Vilichappol

2026-03-03T21:39:13Z

Evajzp: started a entry

{{Short description|2001 Indian-Malayalam language film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2025}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Kattu Vannu Vilichappol
| image =
| caption =
| director = Sasi Paravoor
| writer = Sasi Paravoor
| producer = {{ubl|Krishna Sasidharan|T. Haridas}}
| starring = {{ubl|[[Chippy Renjith|Chippy]]|[[Vijayaraghavan]]|[[Krishna Kumar (actor)|Krishna Kumar]]}}
| cinematography = [[K. G. Jayan (cinematographer)|K. G. Jayan]]
| editing = V. Venugopal
| music = [[M. G. Radhakrishnan]] (songs) [[Johnson (composer)|Johnson]] (score)
| studio = Harikrishna Films
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|2001|06|21|df=y}}
| runtime = 102 minutes
| country = India
| language = Malayalam
| budget = {{INRConvert|30|l}}<ref name="h1">{{Cite web |last=Jayakumar |first=G. |date=December 11, 2006 |title=For the love of cinema |url=http://www.hindu.com/mp/2006/12/11/stories/2006121100690200.htm |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121102105258/http://www.hindu.com/mp/2006/12/11/stories/2006121100690200.htm |archive-date=2012-11-02 |access-date=2025-10-05 |website=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>
| gross = {{INRConvert|15|l}}<ref name="h1" />
}}
'''''Kattu Vannu Vilichappol''''' ({{Translation|When the breeze came calling}}) is a 2001 Indian [[Malayalam]]-language [[Drama (film and television)|drama]] film written and directed by C. Sasidharan Pillai, who often credited as Sasi Paravoor. The film stars [[Chippy Renjith|Chippy]], [[Vijayaraghavan]] and [[Krishna Kumar (actor)|Krishna Kumar]]. It is produced by Krishna Sasidharan and T. Haridas under Harikrishna Films. [[K. G. Jayan (cinematographer)|K. G. Jayan]] handles the cinematography and V. Venugopal edits the film. [[M. G. Radhakrishnan]] composed the songs and [[Johnson (composer)|Johnson]] did the [[background score]]. The film dealt with the issue of [[HIV/AIDS|AIDS]], the first film in Malayalam to do so.<ref name="h1" />

''Kattu Vannu Vilichappol'' was released in theaters on 21 June 2001 and received generally positive reviews from critics but failed commercially at the box office. The film won four [[Kerala Film Critics Association Awards]].

==Plot==
Seetha, who belongs to an orthodox upper-caste Hindu family, falls in love with the lower-caste Unni and elopes with him to Bombay, where he works as a journalist. Four years later, after Unni disappears for 3 months, a pregnant Seetha returns to her village. Seetha has only her parents to turn for help. Despite the problems with their daughter, her parents give her a warm welcome. Seetha learns through a newspaper that Unni died of HIV. The news spread like wild fire in the village, and people looked at her with disgust and suspicion that she might also be an AIDS patient. This leads to her isolation in her own home and village.
A compassionate Muslim boatman named Abu offers Seetha help. However, their alliance leads to further isolation for both. Film director and Unni's friend Lohithadas visits them and revealed that Unni's death was not from HIV, as the newspapers falsely claimed, but that he was murdered by the Bombay underworld.
Meanwhile, some villagers burn down Seetha's home and force her out. Abu escapes Seetha. On the run, she gave birth to her newborn baby in Abu's boat. They left their village and fled to another one.
==Cast==
* [[Chippy Renjith|Chippy]] as Seetha
* [[Vijayaraghavan]] as Abu
* [[Krishna Kumar (actor)|Krishna Kumar]] as Unni<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sreekumar |first=Priya |date=October 1, 2017 |title=Ahaana picks up the mic |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/mollywood/011017/ahaana-picks-up-the-mic.html |access-date=2025-10-05 |website=[[Deccan Chronicle]]}}</ref>
* [[Madampu Kunjukuttan]] as Raghavan Nair<ref>{{Cite news |last=Soman |first=Deepa |date=May 11, 2021 |title=Madampu Kunjukuttan passes away following COVID complications |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/madampu-kunjukuttan-passes-away-following-covid-complications/articleshow/82542908.cms |access-date=2025-10-05 |work=[[The Times of India]] |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
* [[A. K. Lohithadas]] as himself
* [[T. V. Chandran]] as Achuthan Nair
* [[Jose Pellissery]] as Sankara Pillai
* [[Harisree Ashokan]] as Velappan
* [[Santha Devi]] as Umma

==Soundtrack==
{{Infobox album
| name = Kattu Vannu Vilichappol
| type = Soundtrack
| artist = [[M. G. Radhakrishnan]]
| released = June 2001
| genre = [[Film soundtrack|Feature film soundtrack]]
| length = {{Duration|08:56}}
| label = [[Satyam Audios]]
}}
The soundtrack album of the film was composed by [[M. G. Radhakrishnan]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=July 29, 2024 |title=മോഹിപ്പിക്കും ഈണക്കൂട്ടിന്റെ ഉടമ; ഓർമയിൽ ഇന്നും എം.ജി.രാധാകൃഷ്ണൻ |url=https://www.manoramaonline.com/music/music-news/2024/07/29/remembering-mg-radhakrishnan-on-his-84th-birth-anniversary.html |access-date=2025-10-05 |website=[[Malayala Manorama]] |language=ml}}</ref> for the lyrics penned by [[O. N. V. Kurup]]<ref>{{Cite news |last=James |first=Anu |date=February 13, 2016 |title=Malayalam lyricist ONV Kurup no more; celebs offer condolences |url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/breaking-malayalam-lyricist-onv-kurup-no-more-666867 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230908230107/https://www.ibtimes.co.in/breaking-malayalam-lyricist-onv-kurup-no-more-666867 |archive-date=8 September 2023 |access-date=2025-10-05 |work=[[International Business Times]] |url-status=live }}</ref> and [[Thirunalloor Karunakaran]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kaattu Vannu Vilichappol [2001] |url=https://en.msidb.org/m.php?2752 |access-date=2025-10-05 |website=MSIDb}}</ref>
{{Track listing
| headline =
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length = 08:56
| title1 = Kaatte Nee
| extra1 = [[K. S. Chithra]]
| lyrics1 = [[Thirunalloor Karunakaran]]
| length1 = 03:32
| title2 = Poomakal Vaazhunna
| extra2 = [[M. G. Sreekumar]]
| lyrics2 = [[O. N. V. Kurup]]
| length2 = 05:24
}}

==Reception==
''Kattu Vannu Vilichappol'' generally received positive reviews.<ref>{{Cite web |date=October 23, 2011 |title=നല്ല സിനിമയുടെ കാറ്റ് വന്ന് വിളിച്ചപ്പോള്‍ |url=https://malayalam.filmibeat.com/reviews/070901kattuvannu.html |access-date=2025-10-05 |website=Filmibeat |language=ml}}</ref> Made on a budget of {{INR}}30 lakhs, the film grossed only {{INR}}15 lakhs, making it a box office failure.<ref name="h1" />

==Accolades==
;[[Kerala Film Critics Association Awards]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=October 17, 2020 |title=Film Critics Award 1977 - 2012 |url=https://www.keralafilmcritics.com/2020/10/film-critics-awards-complete-list-from.html |access-date=2025-10-05 |website=[[Kerala Film Critics Association Awards|Kerala Film Critics Association]]|language=ml}}</ref>
* [[Kerala Film Critics Association Award for Best Supporting Actress|Second Best Actress]] – [[Chippy Renjith|Chippy]]
* [[Kerala Film Critics Association Award for Best Cinematographer|Best Cinematographer]] – [[K. G. Jayan (cinematographer)|K. G. Jayan]]
* Best Debut Director – Sasi Paravoor
* [[Kerala Film Critics Association Award for Best Male Playback Singer|Best Male Playback Singer]] – [[M. G. Sreekumar]]

==References==
{{reflist}}
==External links==
* {{IMDb title|0319654|Kattu Vannu Vilichappol}}
{{authority control}}
[[Category:2001 Indian films]]
[[Category:2001 Malayalam-language films]]
[[Category:Indian drama films]]
[[Category:Films about HIV/AIDS]]
[[Category:Films about social issues in India]]
[[Category:Films about women in India]]

Pavithram (1994 film)

2026-03-03T21:27:39Z

Evajzp: Started A Details Nd Citations!

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Pavithram
| image = Pavithram.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[T. K. Rajeev Kumar]]
| producer = Thankachan
| screenplay = [[P. Balachandran]]
| story = [[P. Balachandran]] [[T. K. Rajeev Kumar]]
| narrator =
| starring = [[Mohanlal]] [[Shobana]] [[Thilakan]] [[Srividya]] [[Sreenivasan]] [[Nedumudi Venu]] [[Innocent (actor)|Innocent]]
| music = [[Sharreth]]
| cinematography = [[Santosh Sivan]]
| editing = V Venugopal
| studio = Vishudhi Films
| distributor = Jubilee Pictures
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|1994|02|04}}
| runtime = 160 minutes
| country = India
| language = Malayalam
}}

'''''Pavithram''''' ({{Translation|[[Sacred]]}}) is a 1994 Indian [[Malayalam]]-language [[Drama (film and television)|drama film]] directed by [[T. K. Rajeev Kumar]] and written by [[P. Balachandran]] from a story by Balachandran and [[T. K. Rajeev Kumar]]. The film stars [[Mohanlal]] and [[Shobana]] in lead roles. Vinduja Menon, [[Thilakan]], [[Srividya]], [[K. P. A. C. Lalitha]], [[Sreenivasan]], [[Nedumudi Venu]] and [[Innocent Vincent|Innocent]] played prominent supporting roles. The music for the film was composed by [[Sharreth]] and the cinematography was by [[Santosh Sivan]]. The movie was edited by V Venugopal.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Profile of Malayalam Editor Venugopal |url=https://malayalasangeetham.info/displayProfile.php?category=editor&artist=Venugopal |access-date=2024-01-10 |website=malayalasangeetham.info}}</ref>

The film deals with the relationship between siblings Unnikrishnan (Mohanlal) and Meenakshi (Vinduja Menon) who have an almost 30 year age difference between them.<ref>{{cite news |last=Shanker |first=Anoop |title=പവിത്രം, ചേട്ടച്ഛന്‍റെ ഹൃദയം : Super Character |url=https://www.deepika.com/cinema/Super-Character.aspx?Pavithram-Malayalam-movie&ID=3882 |access-date=9 July 2020 |work=[[Deepika (newspaper)|Deepika]] |date=15 July 2019 |language=ml}}</ref> The film won [[Mohanlal]] the [[Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Malayalam]].

==Plot==
The movie begins with an older man's dream; Unnikrishnan is roused from his house and told to come in haste to see his father (someone Unni has long believed to be dead). He is greeted by a crowd of people who begin to make fun of him and Unni wakes up. An astrologer interprets the dream as a harbinger of Easwara Pillai's death and advises Unni to do the last rites for his "dead" father. During the rituals, Unni comes to find it difficult to go through with the rituals as he then believes that his father is alive; he walks away declaring that his father is not dead.

The story flashes back to Unni's youth when he was living in his ancestral home with his parents, Easwara Pillai and Devakiyamma. He is courting Meera, a beautiful woman with a penchant for books and stories. Unni and Meera appear all set to be married and Meera's father wants Unni to take an MBA in England and eventually take over the reins of the company. Unni makes it clear that he has no interest in pursuing such a career and his dreams are very simple.

Unni has a brother Ramakrishnan who is a doctor living in the city with his wife. Devakiyamma wants to have a grandchild and she is concerned as Ramakrishnan has been married a few years without children. In her desire to become a grandmother she visits many temples and holy functions to pray for a grandchild. In a twist of fate, Devakiyamma becomes pregnant. She and her husband Easwara Pillai are ashamed at the first signs of the pregnancy and worry how their grown children will react to this news. But they are surprised by the enthusiasm of Unni and the mature and supportive attitude of Ramakrishnan.

Devakiyamma gives birth to a girl but dies during childbirth. Ramakrishnan's wife does not seem to be interested in children much less in one she considers being a source of shame. In the absence of anyone to take care of the child, Unni steps in to foster the child, who is named Meenakshi. Soon after in a heated moment, Unni scolds his father and Easwara Pillai leaves town as he is devastated by the recent happenings. This leaves Unni with the double responsibility of being a brother as well as father to Meenakshi. Unni breaks off his relationship with Meera upon Meera's father's request as he feels the child will always be a source for problems in their relationship. Unni goes ahead with it as he feels Meenakshi needs him and there's no one else to take that role.

The story then comes back to the present as Meenakshi is a grown girl preparing for her 10th-grade exams. Unni has regressed to village life after he chose to play Meenakshi's brother-father. Over the years Unni has become possessive of Meenakshi as she has been the centre of his existence. When it comes time for Meenakshi to go to the city and stay in a hostel to continue her studies, Unni goes through a trying period before finally coming to terms with the inevitable. In the city, Meenakshi is exposed to a new culture and fashions that she was not aware of when growing up in the village and she becomes enamoured in it.

Meenakshi becomes involved in the city lifestyle, even meeting with Ramakrishnan's wife, who was surprised to see her grow up and adapted to the city culture and fashion. Ramakrishnan's wife is also involved in changing Meenakshi into a complete modern girl by sending her to competitions and beauty pageants. This causes friction between her and Unni leading to fights and hostile encounters when they meet. Meenakshi moves to the city and Unni follows her to apologize but sees her involved in an accident, the cause for which has his small role.

Meenakshi survives the accident and Ramakrishnan chastises her for ignoring Unni who gave up his dreams for her. Meenakshi repents and goes back to the village to meet with Unni where she realizes that he has become mentally unbalanced after the trauma of seeing her in the accident and she decides to spend the rest of her life taking care of him.

==Cast==
{{Cast listing |
* [[Mohanlal]] as Unnikrishnan/Chettachan
* [[Shobana]] as Meera, Unnikrishnan’s love interest
* [[Vinduja Menon]] as Meenakshi, Unnikrishnan and Ramakrishnan’s younger sister
* Thara Thomas Moolayil as child Meenakshi
* [[K. P. A. C. Lalitha]] as Punchiri
* [[Innocent (actor)|Innocent]] as Erussery
* [[Thilakan]] as Easwara Pillai, Unnikrishnan, Ramakrishnan and Meenakshi’s father
* [[Srividya]] as Devakiyamma, Unnikrishnan, Ramakrishnan and Meenakshi’s mother
* [[Sreenivasan]] as Dr. Ramakrishnan, Unnikrishnan and Meenakshi’s elder brother
* [[Narendra Prasad]] as Sankaran Pillai, Meera’s father
* [[Nedumudi Venu]] as Warrier, close friend of Easwara Pillai
* [[Santhakumari (Malayalam actress)|Santhakumari]], Warrier’s wife
* [[Renuka (actress)|Renuka]] as Nirmala, Dr. Ramakrishnan's wife
* [[Rudra (actress)|Rudra]] as Meenakshi’s college friend
* [[Sudheesh]] as Sivankutty, Meenakshi’s childhood friend and Punchiri’s son
* [[Seethal]] as Meenakshi, Child artist
}}

==Music==
{{Infobox album|
| name = Pavithram
| type = [[Soundtrack]]
| artist = [[Sharreth]]
| released = 1993
| recorded = 1993
| venue =
| studio = [[Tharangini Records|Tharangini]], [[Chennai]]
| genre = [[Film soundtrack]]
| length =
| label = [[Magnasound Records|Magnasound]] [[Sony Music India|Sony Music]]
| producer = Vishudhi Films
| prev_title = [[Ottayal Pattalam]]
| prev_year = 1991
| next_title = [[Sagaram Sakshi]]
| next_year = 1994
}}
The film has six songs composed by [[Sharreth]],<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.hindu.com/fr/2005/12/23/stories/2005122302260300.htm |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20070602001642/http://www.hindu.com/fr/2005/12/23/stories/2005122302260300.htm |url-status= dead |archive-date= 2007-06-02 |title= Singing to his tune |last= Asok |first= K. C. |date=2005-12-23 |work= [[The Hindu]] |access-date=2009-03-04}}</ref> with lyrics by [[O. N. V. Kurup]]. The song "Sreeragamo" <ref>{{Cite web |last=malayalamlyrics |date=2021-06-18 |title=Sreeragamo Thedunnu Lyrics |url=https://www.malayalamsongslyrics.in/sreeragamo-thedunnu-lyrics/ |access-date=2023-02-25 |website=Malayalam Songs Lyrics |language=en-US}}</ref> skyrocketed to fame upon release and is highly regarded as a masterpiece of the composer. It is composed on [[Carnatic music|Carnatic]] [[raga]] ''[[Kharaharapriya]]''. Sharath uses ''[[Jaijaivanti#In Carnatic music|Dwijavanti]]'' raga in the noted song "Thaalamayanju", sung by [[K. J. Yesudas|Yesudas]] and [[Sujatha Mohan|Sujatha]].
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Track !! Song !! Singer(s) !! Raaga <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://msidb.org/m.php?4110|title=Pavithram [1994] | പവിത്രം [1994]}}</ref>
|-
| 1
| "Sreeragamo"
| [[K. J. Yesudas]], [[Sujatha Mohan|Sujatha]] (chorus)
| [[Kharaharapriya]]
|-
| 2
| "Thaalamayanju"
| K. J. Yesudas, Sujatha
| [[Jaijaivanti#In Carnatic music|Dwijavanti]], [[Madhyamavati]]
|-
| 3
| "Vaalinmel Poovum"
| [[M. G. Sreekumar]], Sujatha
| [[Kalyani (raga)|Kalyani]]
|-
| 4
| "Parayoo Nin Hamsa"
| [[K. S. Chithra]], [[Srinivas (singer)|Srinivas]]
| [[Shubhapantuvarali]]
|-
| 5
| "Kannil Pedamaaninte"
| [[G. Venugopal]], Sujatha
|
|-
| 6
| "Parayoo Nin Hamsa"
| K. J. Yesudas
| Shubhapantuvarali
|}

==Accolades==
* [[Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Malayalam]] - [[Mohanlal]]
* [[Kerala Film Critics Association Awards]] for Best Music Director - [[Sharreth]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-10-17 |title=Film Critics Awards Complete list from 1977 till 2012 |url=https://www.keralafilmcritics.com/2020/10/film-critics-awards-complete-list-from.html |access-date=2025-01-18 |website=Kerala Film Critics Association}}</ref>
==Adaptations==
Reportedly, ''Pavithram'' was the main source of inspiration for the 2018 [[Bollywood]] film ''[[Badhaai Ho]]''.{{Citation needed|date=November 2020|reason=the statement says "reportedly" but no credible report backing the claim is linked}} In 2019, it was reported that producers of ''Pavithram'' are planning to remake the film in Tamil and Telugu.<ref>{{cite web |title=Malayalam film 'Pavithram' to be remade in Tamil? |url=https://www.sify.com/movies/malayalam-film-pavithram-to-be-remade-in-tamil-news-malayalam-tbok7dcjegjeh.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190114085936/http://www.sify.com/movies/malayalam-film-pavithram-to-be-remade-in-tamil-news-malayalam-tbok7dcjegjeh.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=14 January 2019 |website=[[Sify]] |access-date=30 November 2019 |date=14 January 2019}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|0292176}}

{{T. K. Rajeev Kumar}}

[[Category:1994 films]]
[[Category:1994 Malayalam-language films]]
[[Category:Indian drama films]]
[[Category:Films directed by T. K. Rajeev Kumar]]
[[Category:Films scored by Sharreth]]

Chhupa Rustam (2001 film)

2026-03-03T00:32:50Z

Evajzp: new first info and citations...

{{short description|2001 film by Aziz Sejawal}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Chhupa Rustam
| image = Chhupa Rustam A Musical Thriller.jpg
| caption =
| writer = Aadesh K. Arjun (dialogues)
| screenplay =
| story = Rajeev Kaul, Praful Parekh
| based_on =
| director = [[Aziz Sejawal]]
| producer = [[Madan Mohan (music director)|Madan Mohla]]
| studio = Seven Arts
| distributor =
| cinematography = Kamlakar Rao
| editing = Waman Bhonsle
| released = {{Film date|2001|03|23|df=y}}
| runtime = 127 Minutes
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| starring = [[Sanjay Kapoor]] [[Manisha Koirala]] [[Mamta Kulkarni]] [[Tinnu Anand]] [[Raj Babbar]] [[Dalip Tahil]]
| narrator =
| music = [[Anand–Milind]]
| budget = {{INR}}3.25 [[crore]]<ref name="auto">{{cite web|url=https://boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=696|title=Chhupa Rustam: A Musical Thriller – Movie|publisher=Box Office India|access-date=21 June 2022|archive-date=21 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220621005500/https://boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=696|url-status=live}}</ref>
| gross = {{INR}}9.46 crore<ref name="auto"/>
}}

'''''Chhupa Rustam: A Musical Thriller''''' is a 2001 Indian [[Hindi language|Hindi]] [[romance film|romantic]] [[thriller movie]] directed by [[Aziz Sejawal]], starring [[Sanjay Kapoor]], [[Manisha Koirala]], [[Mamta Kulkarni]], [[Tinnu Anand]], [[Raj Babbar]] and [[Dalip Tahil]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/chuppa-rustam/critic-review/chuppa-rustam-movie-review/ | title=Chuppa Rustam Review 1/5 | Chuppa Rustam Movie Review | Chuppa Rustam 2001 Public Review | Film Review | website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] | date=23 March 2001 | access-date=16 October 2022 | archive-date=16 October 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221016001643/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/chuppa-rustam/critic-review/chuppa-rustam-movie-review/ | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Rajadhyaksha |first=Mrudula |date=11 May 1998 |title=Shooting season |url=https://rediff.com/movies/1998/may/11chup.htm |website=[[Rediff.com]] |location=Mumbai |access-date=8 January 2025 |archive-date=19 March 2004 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040319032635/http://www.rediff.com/movies/1998/may/11chup.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Plot ==

Nirmal is an industrialist, and Raja is a small-time thief. Raja is in love with Nisha, and Nirmal is in love with Sandhya. Nirmal's father runs a tea plantation. When Nirmal's father is murdered, Bheem Thapa, the Commissioner of Police, notices the two men and plans to place the thief at the industrialist's house before selling Nirmal's father's property and stealing the money. Nirmal finds out his father was murdered and sets out to find the killer, who sets a trap for him. In the meantime, Raja takes his place. One of them is killed, and the other claims to be the industrialist. The mystery revolves around the identity of the survivor: either Raja or Nirmal. It is revealed Raja is dead; a fight ensues, and Nisha is killed. Nirmal continues his life happily.

== Cast ==
*[[Sanjay Kapoor]] as Nirmal Kumar Chinoy / Raja (dual role)
*[[Manisha Koirala]] as Nisha, Raja's love interest.
*[[Mamta Kulkarni]] as Sandhya, Nirmal's love interest.
*[[Tinnu Anand]] as Mama Manikchand
*[[Raj Babbar]] as Inspector Bheem Thapa
*[[Dalip Tahil]] as Baldev Diwan
*[[Neha Pendse]] as Guddi Chinoy
*[[Laxmikant Berde]] as Manik
*[[Navneet Nishan]] as Mrs.Chinoy, Nirmal's stepmother.
*[[Anant Mahadevan]] as Mr. Chinoy, Nirmal's father.
*[[Ram Sethi]] as Mukadam
*[[Avtar Gill]] as Driver Satpal
*[[Mushtaq Khan]]
*[[Vishwajeet Pradhan]]
*[[Viju Khote]]
*[[Satyen Kappu]] as Sandhya's father

== Soundtrack ==
{{Infobox album
| name = Chhupa Rustam
| type = album
| artist = [[Anand Milind]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 2000
| recorded = 2000
| venue =
| studio =
| genre =
| length = 35:22
| label = [[Saregama]]
| producer =
| prev_title =
| prev_year =
| next_title =
| next_year =
}}
{{Unreferenced section|date=September 2020}}
Lyrics are written by [[Anand Bakshi]], while the music is by [[Anand Milind]]. Most popular songs in album "O Bangla Gaadi Jhumke Kangana", "Yeh Chand Koi Deewana Hai", "Tu Nikla Chhupa Rustam" etc.
{{Track listing
| headline = Track list
| extra_column = Artist(s)
| total_length = 35:22
| title1 = O Bangla Gaadi
| lyrics1 = [[Anand Bakshi]]
| extra1 = [[Alka Yagnik]]
| title2 = Tu Nikla Chhupa Rustam
| lyrics2 = Anand Bakshi
| extra2 = Alka Yagnik
| title3 = Yeh Chand Koi Deewana Hai
| lyrics3 = Anand Bakshi
| extra3 = Alka Yagnik and [[Kumar Sanu]]
| title4 = Raja Yeh Kya Karte Ho
| lyrics4 = Anand Bakshi
| extra4 = Alka Yagnik and Kumar Sanu
| title5 = Pyar Mein Dil To
| lyrics5 = Anand Bakshi
| extra5 = Alka Yagnik and Kumar Sanu
| title6 = Tu Hai Mere Dil Mein
| lyrics6 = Anand Bakshi
| extra6 = [[Hariharan (singer)|Hariharan]] and [[Sadhana Sargam]]
}}

== Reception ==
The film was a box office success earning ₹ 9.46 [[crore]].<ref name="auto"/>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|id=0279021|title=Chhupa Rustam: A Musical Thriller}}

[[Category:2001 films]]
[[Category:2001 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Anand–Milind]]
[[Category:Indian action thriller films]]
[[Category:2001 action thriller films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Aziz Sejawal]]

{{2000s-Hindi-film-stub}}

Telugu script

2026-02-24T21:05:49Z

Evajzp: cleanup

{{Short description|Writing system from the Brahmic family of scripts}}
{{Infobox Writing system
| name = Telugu script
| altname = తెలుగు లిపి
| type = [[Abugida]]
| time = {{Circa|1300 CE}}–present<ref name=epigraphy/>
| languages = [[Telugu language|Telugu]] [[Lambadi language|Lambadi]] [[Gondi language|Gondi]] [[Koya language|Koya]] [[Konda language (Dravidian)|Konda]] [[Sanskrit]] [[Saurashtra language|Saurashtra]]
| fam1 = [[Egyptian hieroglyphs|Egyptian]]
| fam2 = [[Proto-Sinaitic]]
| fam3 = [[Phoenician script|Phoenician]]
| fam4 = [[Aramaic script|Aramaic]] [[Brahmi script|(debated)]]
| fam5 = [[Brahmi script]]
| fam6 = [[Bhattiprolu script]]<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HTluAAAAMAAJ&q=bhattiprolu |title=History and Culture of the Andhras |date=1995 |publisher=Komarraju Venkata Lakshmana Rau Vijnana Sarvaswa Sakha, [[Telugu University]] |isbn=978-81-86073-07-0 |pages=157 |language=en}}</ref>
| fam7 = [[Telugu-Kannada script]]<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.engr.mun.ca/~adluri/telugu/language/script/script1d.html | title=Evolution of Telugu Character Graphs | access-date=2013-07-22 | archive-date=2009-09-23 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090923234606/http://www.engr.mun.ca/~adluri/telugu/language/script/script1d.html | url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.engr.mun.ca/~adluri/telugu/language/script/chart.jpg |title=chart |access-date=2020-06-15 |archive-date=2020-07-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200724101434/http://www.engr.mun.ca/~adluri/telugu/language/script/chart.jpg |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| footnotes =
| sisters = [[Kannada script|Kannada]]
| unicode = [https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0C00.pdf U+0C00–U+0C7F]
| iso15924 = Telu
| sample = Shukla Telugu Lipi.svg
| caption = The word 'Telugu Lipi' in Telugu script
| imagesize = 200px
}}
{{brahmic}}
{{Contains special characters|Indic}}

'''Telugu script''' ({{langx|te|తెలుగు లిపి|Telugu lipi}}), an [[abugida]] from the [[Brahmic family]] of scripts, is used to write the [[Telugu language]], a [[Dravidian languages|Dravidian]] language spoken in the [[India]]n states of [[Andhra Pradesh]] and [[Telangana]] as well as several other neighbouring states. It is one of the [[official scripts of the Indian Republic]]. The Telugu script is also widely used for writing [[Sanskrit]] texts and to some extent the [[Gondi language]]. It gained prominence during the [[Eastern Chalukyas]] also known as Vengi Chalukya era. It also shares extensive similarities with the [[Kannada script]].

==History==
The [[Brāhmī script|Brahmi script]] used by [[Mauryan]] kings eventually reached the [[Krishna River]] delta and would give rise to the [[Bhattiprolu Script|Bhattiprolu script]] found on an urn purported to contain Lord [[Buddha]]'s relics.<ref>Antiquity of Telugu language and script: http://www.hindu.com/2007/12/20/stories/2007122054820600.htm</ref><ref>[http://www.buddhavihara.in/ancient.htm Ananda Buddha Vihara] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930085421/http://www.buddhavihara.in/ancient.htm |date=2007-09-30 }}</ref> [[Buddhism]] spread to [[East Asia]] from the nearby ports of [[Ghantasala (town)|Ghantasala]] and [[Masulipatnam]] (ancient Maisolos of [[Ptolemy]] and Masalia of [[Periplus]]).<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.wuys.com/news/Article_Show.asp?ArticleID=8303 |title=The Great Stupa at Nagarjunakonda in Southern India-【佛学研究网】佛教文化网中国佛教网中国佛学网佛教信息网佛教研究佛学讲座禅学讲座吴言生说禅 |access-date=2007-07-14 |archive-date=2014-11-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141104182905/http://www.wuys.com/news/Article_Show.asp?ArticleID=8303 |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Kadamba script]] developed by the Kadamba dynasty was derived from the [[Brahmi script]] and later evolved into the [[Telugu-Kannada script]] after the 7th century.<ref name="epigraphy" /><ref name="Florian Coulmas p. 228">The Blackwell Encyclopedia of Writing Systems by Florian Coulmas, p. 228</ref><ref name="Akshara Orthography 2019 p. 29">Handbook of Literacy in Akshara Orthography, R. Malatesha Joshi, Catherine McBride (2019), p. 29</ref> The Telugu and Kannada scripts then separated by around 1300 CE.<ref name=epigraphy>Indian Epigraphy: A Guide to the Study of Inscriptions in the Indo-Aryan Languages, by Richard Solomon, Oxford University Press, 1998, pp. 35, 40–41, {{ISBN|0-19-509984-2}}</ref><ref name="Murthy">{{cite web |last1=Murthy |first1=K.N. |last2=Rao |first2=G.U. |date=April 2002 |title=Telugu Script |url=http://www.tdil.meity.gov.in/pdf/Vishwabharat/5/4.5.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180218210257/http://www.tdil.meity.gov.in/pdf/Vishwabharat/5/4.5.pdf |archive-date=2018-02-18 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Diringer |first1=David |title=The Alphabet: A Key to the History of Mankind |date=1948 |page=381 |author-link=David Diringer}}</ref> The Muslim historian and scholar [[Al-Biruni]] referred to both the Telugu language as well as its script as "Andhri".<ref>
{{cite book
|author=Al-biruni
|author-link=Al-biruni
|title=English translation of 'Kitab-ul Hind'
|publisher=National Book Trust
|location=New Delhi}}
</ref>

==Vowels==
Telugu uses sixteen [[vowel]]s, each of which has both an independent form and a [[diacritic]] form used with [[consonants]] to create [[syllable]]s. The language makes a distinction between [[Vowel length|short and long vowels]].

{| class="wikitable"
|- align="center"
! Independent || With {{lang|te|క}} ({{Transliteration|te|ISO|k}}) || [[ISO 15919|ISO]] || [[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]
! Independent || With {{lang|te|క}} ({{Transliteration|te|ISO|k}}) || [[ISO 15919|ISO]] || [[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]
|- align="center"
| style="font-size:18pt;" | {{lang|te|అ}} || style="font-size:18pt;" | {{lang|te|క}} || a || {{IPA|/a/}}
| style="font-size:18pt;" | {{lang|te|ఆ}} || style="font-size:18pt;" | {{lang|te|కా}} || ā || {{IPA|/aː/}}
|- align="center"
| style="font-size:18pt;" | {{lang|te|ఇ}} || style="font-size:18pt;" | {{lang|te|కి}} || i || {{IPA|/i/}}
| style="font-size:18pt;" | {{lang|te|ఈ}} || style="font-size:18pt;" | {{lang|te|కీ}} || ī || {{IPA|/iː/}}
|- align="center"
| style="font-size:18pt;" | {{lang|te|ఉ}} || style="font-size:18pt;" | {{lang|te|కు}} || u || {{IPA|/u/}}
| style="font-size:18pt;" | {{lang|te|ఊ}} || style="font-size:18pt;" | {{lang|te|కూ}} || ū || {{IPA|/uː/}}
|- align="center"
| style="font-size:18pt;" | {{lang|te|ఋ}} || style="font-size:18pt;" | {{lang|te|కృ}} || r̥ || {{IPA|/r̩/}}
| style="font-size:18pt;" | {{lang|te|ౠ}} || style="font-size:18pt;" | {{lang|te|కౄ}} || r̥̄ || {{IPA|/r̩ː/}}
|- align="center"
| style="font-size:18pt;" | {{lang|te|ఌ}}{{efn-lr|name=archaic|Not in modern use.}} || style="font-size:18pt;" | {{lang|te|కౢ}} || l̥ || {{IPA|/[[Syllabic consonant|l̩]]/}}, {{IPA|[lu]}}
| style="font-size:18pt;" | {{lang|te|ౡ}}{{efn-lr|name=archaic}} || style="font-size:18pt;" | {{lang|te|కౣ}} || l̥̄ || {{IPA|/[[Syllabic consonant|l̩ː]]/}}, {{IPA|[luː]}}
|- align="center"
| style="font-size:18pt;" | {{lang|te|ఎ}} || style="font-size:18pt;" | {{lang|te|కె}} || e || {{IPA|/e/}}
| style="font-size:18pt;" | {{lang|te|ఏ}} || style="font-size:18pt;" | {{lang|te|కే}} || ē || {{IPA|/eː/}}
|- align="center"
| style="font-size:18pt;" | {{lang|te|ఐ}} || style="font-size:18pt;" | {{lang|te|కై}} || ai || {{IPA|/aj/}}
|- align="center"
| style="font-size:18pt;" | {{lang|te|ఒ}} || style="font-size:18pt;" | {{lang|te|కొ}} || o || {{IPA|/o/}}
| style="font-size:18pt;" | {{lang|te|ఓ}} || style="font-size:18pt;" | {{lang|te|కో}} || ō || {{IPA|/oː/}}
|- align="center"
| style="font-size:18pt;" | {{lang|te|ఔ}} || style="font-size:18pt;" | {{lang|te|కౌ}} || au || {{IPA|/aw/}}
|}
{{notelist-lr}}

The independent form is used when the vowel occurs at the beginning of a word or syllable, or is a complete syllable in itself (example: a, u, o). The diacritic form is added to consonants (represented by the dotted circle) to form a consonant-vowel syllable (example: ka, kr̥, mo). {{lang|te|అ}} does not have a diacritic form, because this vowel is already inherent in all of the consonants. The other diacritic vowels are added to consonants to change their pronunciation to that of the vowel.

Examples:
{|
| style="font-size:18pt;" | {{lang|te|ఖ}} + {{lang|te|ఈ}} ({{lang|te|ీ}}) → {{lang|te|ఖీ}} || {{IPA|/kʰa/}} + {{IPA|/iː/}} → {{IPA|/kʰiː/}}</tr>

| style="font-size:18pt;" | {{lang|te|జ}} + {{lang|te|ఉ}} ({{lang|te|ు}}) → {{lang|te|జు}} || {{IPA|/dʒa/}} + {{IPA|/u/}} → {{IPA|/dʒu/}}</tr>
|}

==Consonants==
The consonants and their combining forms (on the right) are provided below. Subscript letters are used in consonant clusters and geminate consonants.
{| class="wikitable"
|- align="center"
| {{Letter|s=Telu|ch1=క|ch2=్క|iso=ka|ipa=/ka/}}
| {{Letter|s=Telu|ch1=ఖ|ch2=్ఖ|iso=kha|ipa=/kʰa/}}
| {{Letter|s=Telu|ch1=గ|ch2=్గ|iso=ga|ipa=/ɡa/}}
| {{Letter|s=Telu|ch1=ఘ|ch2=్ఘ|iso=gha|ipa=/ɡʱa/}}
| {{Letter|s=Telu|ch1=ఙ|ch2=్ఙ|iso=ṅa|ipa=/ŋa/}}
|- align="center"
| {{Letter|s=Telu|ch1=చ|ch2=్చ|iso=ca|ipa=/t͡ʃa/}}
| {{Letter|s=Telu|ch1=ఛ|ch2=్ఛ|iso=cha|ipa=/t͡ʃʰa/}}
| {{Letter|s=Telu|ch1=జ|ch2=్జ|iso=ja|ipa=/d͡ʒa/}}
| {{Letter|s=Telu|ch1=ఝ|ch2=్ఝ|iso=jha|ipa=/d͡ʒʱa/}}
| {{Letter|s=Telu|ch1=ఞ|ch2=్ఞ|iso=ña|ipa=/ɲa/}}
|- align="center"
| {{Letter|s=Telu|ch1=ట|ch2=్ట|iso=ṭa|ipa=/ʈa/}}
| {{Letter|s=Telu|ch1=ఠ|ch2=్ఠ|iso=ṭha|ipa=/ʈʰa/}}
| {{Letter|s=Telu|ch1=డ|ch2=్డ|iso=ḍa|ipa=/ɖa/}}
| {{Letter|s=Telu|ch1=ఢ|ch2=్ఢ|iso=ḍha|ipa=/ɖʱa/}}
| {{Letter|s=Telu|ch1=ణ|ch2=్ణ|iso=ṇa|ipa=/ɳa/}}
|- align="center"
| {{Letter|s=Telu|ch1=త|ch2=్త|iso=ta|ipa=/t̪a/}}
| {{Letter|s=Telu|ch1=థ|ch2=్థ|iso=tha|ipa=/t̪ʰa/}}
| {{Letter|s=Telu|ch1=ద|ch2=్ద|iso=da|ipa=/d̪a/}}
| {{Letter|s=Telu|ch1=ధ|ch2=్ధ|iso=dha|ipa=/d̪ʱa/}}
| {{Letter|s=Telu|ch1=న|ch2=్న|iso=na|ipa=/n̪a/}}
|- align="center"
| {{Letter|s=Telu|ch1=ప|ch2=్ప|iso=pa|ipa=/pa/}}
| {{Letter|s=Telu|ch1=ఫ|ch2=్ఫ|iso=pha|ipa=/pʰa/}}
| {{Letter|s=Telu|ch1=బ|ch2=్బ|iso=ba|ipa=/ba/}}
| {{Letter|s=Telu|ch1=భ|ch2=్భ|iso=bha|ipa=/bʱa/}}
| {{Letter|s=Telu|ch1=మ|ch2=్మ|iso=ma|ipa=/ma/}}
|- align="center"
| {{Letter|s=Telu|ch1=య|ch2=్య|iso=ya|ipa=/ja/}}
| {{Letter|s=Telu|ch1=ర|ch2=్ర|iso=ra|ipa=/ra/}}
| {{Letter|s=Telu|ch1=ల|ch2=్ల|iso=la|ipa=/la/}}
| {{Letter|s=Telu|ch1=వ|ch2=్వ|iso=va|ipa=/ʋa/}}
| {{Letter|s=Telu|ch1=ళ|ch2=్ళ|iso=ḷa|ipa=/ɭa/}}
|- align="center"
| {{Letter|s=Telu|ch1=శ|ch2=్శ|iso=śa|ipa=/ʃa/}}
| {{Letter|s=Telu|ch1=ష|ch2=్ష|iso=ṣa|ipa=/ʂa/}}
| {{Letter|s=Telu|ch1=స|ch2=్స|iso=sa|ipa=/sa/}}
| {{Letter|s=Telu|ch1=హ|ch2=్హ|iso=ha|ipa=/ɦa/}}
|}

===Marginal and archaic consonants===
* Additionally there are ౘ (ĉa) and ౙ (ẑa) for /t͡sa, d͡za/ which are rarely used, letters for <c, j> are commonly used instead.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://omniglot.com/writing/telugu.htm|title=Telugu alphabet, pronunciation and language}}</ref> They are referred in Telugu as '''dantya ca''' and '''dantya ja''' respectively. During the last century, ఱ (ṟa) known as '''banḍi ra''' in Telugu has been dropped. This letter is referred to as '''banḍi ra''' as opposed to ర (ra) which is referred to as '''repha'''.
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Archaic letters
|- align="center"
| {{Letter|s=Telu|ch1=ఱ|ch2=్ఱ|iso=ṟa|ipa=/ra/|notes={{efn|This letter is referred to as '''banḍi ra''' as opposed to ర (ra) which is referred to as '''repha'''.}} || ్ఱ || ṟa || {{IPA|/ra/}}}}
|{{Letter|s=Telu|ch=ఴ|iso=ḻa|ipa=/ɻa/}}
|{{Letter|s=Telu|ch=ౚ|iso=ḏa|ipa=/da/}}
|}

The letter for a voiced alveolar plosive is found in some inscriptions, it is thought to have been distinguished from the trill ఱ (ṟa) intervocalically rarely; its mostly found after a nasal as in మూన్ౚు (mūnḏu).<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://unicode.org/L2/L2012/12016-telugu-rrra-proposal.pdf | title=Proposal to encode 0C5A TELUGU LETTER RRRA | date=2012}}</ref>

==Other diacritics==

There are also several other diacritics used in the Telugu script. [[Virama|్]] mutes the vowel of a consonant, so that only the consonant is pronounced. [[Anusvara|ం]] represents a corresponding class nasal sound when followed by a consonant from that class (i.e., the last column of the corresponding consonant row for the first five rows of the consonants table); when not followed by anything or by a consonant from the first five rows of the consonant table, it represents a true nasal sound. [[Chandrabindu|ఁ]] represents a historically used {{lang|te|ం}} that is no longer pronounced, or a nasalized vowel when transliterating other languages (e.g., Hindi) into the Telugu script. [[Visarga|ః]] adds a voiceless breath after the vowel or syllable it is attached to.

{| class="wikitable"
|- align="center"
|{{Letter|s=Telu|ch=ం|iso=ṁ}}
|{{Letter|s=Telu|ch=ఁ|iso=n̆}}
|{{Letter|s=Telu|ch=ః|iso=ḥ}}
|{{Letter|s=Telu|ch=్|iso=}}
|}

Examples:
{|
| style="font-size:14pt;" width="150px" | క + ్ → క్ {{nbsp|2}} || {{Transliteration|te|ISO|ka}} + ∅ → {{Transliteration|te|ISO|k}}</tr>
| style="font-size:14pt;" | క + ఁ → కఁ || {{Transliteration|te|ISO|ka}} + {{Transliteration|te|ISO|n̆}} → {{Transliteration|te|ISO|kan̆}}</tr>
| style="font-size:14pt;" | క + ం → కం || {{Transliteration|te|ISO|ka}} + {{Transliteration|te|ISO|ṁ}} → {{Transliteration|te|ISO|kaṁ}}</tr>
| style="font-size:14pt;" | క + ః → కః || {{Transliteration|te|ISO|ka}} + {{Transliteration|te|ISO|ḥ}} → {{Transliteration|te|ISO|kaḥ}}</tr>
|}

===Marginal and archaic diacritics and signs===
*{{angbr|◌఼}}: Telugu nuqta (indicating guttural plosives, like 'q')
*{{angbr|ఽ}}: Telugu avagraha (apostrophe)
*{{angbr|ౝ}}: Nakara pollu
*{{angbr|ఀ}}: The combining candrabindu nasal vowel diacritic of the Telugu script
*{{angbr|ఄ }}: Combining anusvara above
*{{angbr|౷}}: Siddham sign
*{{angbr|౿}}: Tuumu sign

==Places of articulation {{anchor|Consonants}}==
There are five classifications of passive articulations:
: '''Kaṇṭhya''': [[Velar consonant|Velar]]
: '''Tālavya''': [[Palatal consonant|Palatal]]
: '''Mūrdhanya''': [[Retroflex consonant|Retroflex]]
: '''Dantya''': [[Dental consonant|Dental]]
: '''Ōṣṭhya''': [[Labial consonant|Labial]]

Apart from that, other places are combinations of the above five:
: '''Dantōṣṭhya''': [[Labio-dental]] (E.g.: v)
: '''Kaṇṭatālavya''': E.g.: [[Diphthong]] e
: '''Kaṇṭōṣṭhya''': labial-velar (E.g.: Diphthong o)

There are three places of active articulation:
: '''Jihvāmūlam''': [[dorsal consonant|tongue root]], for [[Velar consonant|velar]]
: '''Jihvāmadhyam''': [[laminal|tongue body]], for [[palatal]]
: '''Jihvāgram''': [[Apical consonant|tip of tongue]], for [[Retroflex consonant|cerebral]] and [[Dental consonant|dental]]
: '''Adhōṣṭa''': [[lower lip]], for [[Labial consonant|labial]]

The attempt of articulation of consonants ('''Uccāraṇa Prayatnam''') is of two types,
: '''Bāhya Prayatnam''': External effort
:: '''Spṛṣṭa''': [[Plosive]]
:: '''Īṣat Spṛṣṭa''': [[Approximant]]
:: '''Īṣat Saṃvṛta''': [[Fricative]]
: '''Abhyantara Prayatnam''': Internal effort
:: '''Alpaprānam''': [[Unaspirated]]
:: '''Mahāprānam''': [[Aspiration (phonetics)|Aspirated]]
:: '''Śvāsa''': [[Unvoiced]]
:: '''Nādam''': [[Voiced]]

=== Articulation of consonants ===
Articulation of consonants is the logical combination of components in the two prayatnams. The below table gives a view upon articulation of consonants.

{|class="wikitable"
|+ Telugu Vyañjana Ucchārana Paṭṭika<ref>"Telugulo Chandoviseshaalu", Page 127 (In Telugu).</ref>
|-
! colspan="4" | Prayatna Niyamāvalī
! [[Velar consonant|Kaṇṭhya]] (jihvāmūlam)
(Velar)
! [[Palatal consonant|Tālavya]] (jihvāmadhyam)
(Palatal)
! [[Retroflex consonant|Mūrdhanya]] (jihvāgram)
(Retroflex)
! [[Dental consonant|Dantya]] (jihvāgram)
(Dental)
! [[Labiodental consonant|Dantōṣṭhya]]
(Labiodental)
! [[Labial consonant|Ōṣṭhya]] (adhōṣṭa)
(Labial)
|-
! rowspan="5" | '''[[Plosive|Sparśa]]'''
(Plosive)
! rowspan="2" |[[Unvoiced|Śvāsa]]
(Unvoiced)
! colspan="2" |[[Unaspirated|Alpaprānam]] (Unaspirated)
| '''ka (క)'''
| '''ca (చ)'''
| '''ṭa (ట)'''
| '''ta (త)'''
| —
| '''pa (ప)'''
|-
! colspan="2" |[[Aspirated consonant|Mahāprānam]] (Aspirated)
| '''kha (ఖ)'''
| '''cha (ఛ)'''
| '''ṭha (ఠ)'''
| '''tha (థ)'''
| —
| '''pha (ఫ)'''
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[Voiced|Nādam]]
(Voiced)
! colspan="2" |[[Unaspirated|Alpaprānam]] (Unaspirated)
| '''ga (గ)'''
| '''ja (జ)'''
| '''ḍa (డ)'''
| '''da (ద''')
| —
| '''ba (బ)'''
|-
! colspan="2" |[[Aspirated consonant|Mahāprānam]] (Aspirated)
| '''gha (ఘ)'''
| '''jha (ఝ)'''
| '''ḍha (ఢ)'''
| '''dha (ధ)'''
| —
| '''bha (భ)'''
|-
![[Nasal stop|Anunāsikam]]
(Nasal)
! rowspan="2" |[[Voiced|Nādam]], [[Unaspirated|Alpaprānam]],
[[Liquid consonant|Dravam]]
! rowspan="4" |[[Continuant|Avyāhata]]
| '''ṅa (ఙ)'''
| '''ña (ఞ)'''
| '''ṇa (ణ)'''
| '''na (న)'''
| —
| '''ma (మ)'''
|-
! colspan="2" | '''[[Semivowel|Antastha]]'''
| —
| '''ya (య)'''
| '''ra (ర)''' ([[Rhotics|Luṇṭhita]]) '''ḷa (ళ)''' ([[Lateral consonant|Pārśvika]])
| '''la (ల)''' ([[Lateral consonant|Pārśvika]]) '''ṟa (ఱ)''' ([[Trill consonant|Kampita]]) 
| '''va (వ)'''
| —
|-
! rowspan="2" | '''[[Sibilant|Ūṣman]]'''
![[Unvoiced|Śvāsa]]
! rowspan="2" |[[Aspirated consonant|Mahāprānam]]
| [[Visarga]]
| '''śa (శ)'''
| '''ṣa (ష)'''
| '''sa (స)'''
| —
| —
|-
![[Voiced|Nādam]]
| '''ha (హ)'''
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
|}

==Consonant conjuncts==
The Telugu script has generally regular consonant conjuncts, with trailing consonants taking a subjoined form, often losing the talakattu (the v-shaped headstroke). The following table shows all two-consonant conjuncts and one three-consonant conjunct, but individual conjuncts may differ between fonts. These are referred in Telugu as '''vattulu''' (వత్తులు).
{{Sticky table start}}{{sort under}}{{mw-datatable}}
{| class="wikitable sortable sort-under-center mw-datatable sticky-table-head sticky-table-col1" style="text-align:center;width:100%;overflow:scroll;color:darkred;background-color:#fcffff;font-size:125%"
|+ class="nowrap" style=text-align:center;font-size:80% | All Telugu Vattulu ({{script|Telu|వత్తులు}})
|-
! Consonant !! క !! ఖ !! గ !! ఘ !! ఙ !! చ !! ఛ !! జ !! ఝ !! ఞ !! ట !! ఠ !! డ !! ఢ !! ణ !! త !! థ !! ద !! ధ !! న !! ప !! ఫ !! బ !! భ !! మ !! య !! ర !! ల !! వ !! శ !! ష !! స !! హ !! ళ !! ఱ
|-
!style="font-size: 115%;"| క
| క్క || క్ఖ || క్గ || క్ఘ || క్ఙ || క్చ || క్ఛ || క్జ || క్ఝ || క్ఞ || క్ట || క్ఠ || క్డ || క్ఢ || క్ణ || క్త || క్థ || క్ద || క్ధ || క్న || క్ప || క్ఫ || క్బ || క్భ || క్మ || క్య || క్ర || క్ల || క్వ || క్శ || క్ష || క్స || క్హ || క్ళ || క్ఱ
|-
!style="font-size: 115%;"| ఖ
| ఖ్క || ఖ్ఖ || ఖ్గ || ఖ్ఘ || ఖ్ఙ || ఖ్చ || ఖ్ఛ || ఖ్జ || ఖ్ఝ || ఖ్ఞ || ఖ్ట || ఖ్ఠ || ఖ్డ || ఖ్ఢ || ఖ్ణ || ఖ్త || ఖ్థ || ఖ్ద || ఖ్ధ || ఖ్న || ఖ్ప || ఖ్ఫ || ఖ్బ || ఖ్భ || ఖ్మ || ఖ్య || ఖ్ర || ఖ్ల || ఖ్వ || ఖ్శ || ఖ్ష || ఖ్స || ఖ్హ || ఖ్ళ || ఖ్ఱ
|-
!style="font-size: 115%;"| గ
| గ్క || గ్ఖ || గ్గ || గ్ఘ || గ్ఙ || గ్చ || గ్ఛ || గ్జ || గ్ఝ || గ్ఞ || గ్ట || గ్ఠ || గ్డ || గ్ఢ || గ్ణ || గ్త || గ్థ || గ్ద || గ్ధ || గ్న || గ్ప || గ్ఫ || గ్బ || గ్భ || గ్మ || గ్య || గ్ర || గ్ల || గ్వ || గ్శ || గ్ష || గ్స || గ్హ || గ్ళ || గ్ఱ
|-
!style="font-size: 115%;"| ఘ
| ఘ్క || ఘ్ఖ || ఘ్గ || ఘ్ఘ || ఘ్ఙ || ఘ్చ || ఘ్ఛ || ఘ్జ || ఘ్ఝ || ఘ్ఞ || ఘ్ట || ఘ్ఠ || ఘ్డ || ఘ్ఢ || ఘ్ణ || ఘ్త || ఘ్థ || ఘ్ద || ఘ్ధ || ఘ్న || ఘ్ప || ఘ్ఫ || ఘ్బ || ఘ్భ || ఘ్మ || ఘ్య || ఘ్ర || ఘ్ల || ఘ్వ || ఘ్శ || ఘ్ష || ఘ్స || ఘ్హ || ఘ్ళ || ఘ్ఱ
|-
!style="font-size: 115%;"| ఙ
| ఙ్క || ఙ్ఖ || ఙ్గ || ఙ్ఘ || ఙ్ఙ || ఙ్చ || ఙ్ఛ || ఙ్జ || ఙ్ఝ || ఙ్ఞ || ఙ్ట || ఙ్ఠ || ఙ్డ || ఙ్ఢ || ఙ్ణ || ఙ్త || ఙ్థ || ఙ్ద || ఙ్ధ || ఙ్న || ఙ్ప || ఙ్ఫ || ఙ్బ || ఙ్భ || ఙ్మ || ఙ్య || ఙ్ర || ఙ్ల || ఙ్వ || ఙ్శ || ఙ్ష || ఙ్స || ఙ్హ || ఙ్ళ || ఙ్ఱ
|-
!style="font-size: 115%;"| చ
| చ్క || చ్ఖ || చ్గ || చ్ఘ || చ్ఙ || చ్చ || చ్ఛ || చ్జ || చ్ఝ || చ్ఞ || చ్ట || చ్ఠ || చ్డ || చ్ఢ || చ్ణ || చ్త || చ్థ || చ్ద || చ్ధ || చ్న || చ్ప || చ్ఫ || చ్బ || చ్భ || చ్మ || చ్య || చ్ర || చ్ల || చ్వ || చ్శ || చ్ష || చ్స || చ్హ || చ్ళ || చ్ఱ
|-
!style="font-size: 115%;"| ఛ
| ఛ్క || ఛ్ఖ || ఛ్గ || ఛ్ఘ || ఛ్ఙ || ఛ్చ || ఛ్ఛ || ఛ్జ || ఛ్ఝ || ఛ్ఞ || ఛ్ట || ఛ్ఠ || ఛ్డ || ఛ్ఢ || ఛ్ణ || ఛ్త || ఛ్థ || ఛ్ద || ఛ్ధ || ఛ్న || ఛ్ప || ఛ్ఫ || ఛ్బ || ఛ్భ || ఛ్మ || ఛ్య || ఛ్ర || ఛ్ల || ఛ్వ || ఛ్శ || ఛ్ష || ఛ్స || ఛ్హ || ఛ్ళ || ఛ్ఱ
|-
!style="font-size: 115%;"| జ
| జ్క || జ్ఖ || జ్గ || జ్ఘ || జ్ఙ || జ్చ || జ్ఛ || జ్జ || జ్ఝ || జ్ఞ || జ్ట || జ్ఠ || జ్డ || జ్ఢ || జ్ణ || జ్త || జ్థ || జ్ద || జ్ధ || జ్న || జ్ప || జ్ఫ || జ్బ || జ్భ || జ్మ || జ్య || జ్ర || జ్ల || జ్వ || జ్శ || జ్ష || జ్స || జ్హ || జ్ళ || జ్ఱ
|-
!style="font-size: 115%;"| ఝ
| ఝ్క || ఝ్ఖ || ఝ్గ || ఝ్ఘ || ఝ్ఙ || ఝ్చ || ఝ్ఛ || ఝ్జ || ఝ్ఝ || ఝ్ఞ || ఝ్ట || ఝ్ఠ || ఝ్డ || ఝ్ఢ || ఝ్ణ || ఝ్త || ఝ్థ || ఝ్ద || ఝ్ధ || ఝ్న || ఝ్ప || ఝ్ఫ || ఝ్బ || ఝ్భ || ఝ్మ || ఝ్య || ఝ్ర || ఝ్ల || ఝ్వ || ఝ్శ || ఝ్ష || ఝ్స || ఝ్హ || ఝ్ళ || ఝ్ఱ
|-
!style="font-size: 115%;"| ఞ
| ఞ్క || ఞ్ఖ || ఞ్గ || ఞ్ఘ || ఞ్ఙ || ఞ్చ || ఞ్ఛ || ఞ్జ || ఞ్ఝ || ఞ్ఞ || ఞ్ట || ఞ్ఠ || ఞ్డ || ఞ్ఢ || ఞ్ణ || ఞ్త || ఞ్థ || ఞ్ద || ఞ్ధ || ఞ్న || ఞ్ప || ఞ్ఫ || ఞ్బ || ఞ్భ || ఞ్మ || ఞ్య || ఞ్ర || ఞ్ల || ఞ్వ || ఞ్శ || ఞ్ష || ఞ్స || ఞ్హ || ఞ్ళ || ఞ్ఱ
|-
!style="font-size: 115%;"| ట
| ట్క || ట్ఖ || ట్గ || ట్ఘ || ట్ఙ || ట్చ || ట్ఛ || ట్జ || ట్ఝ || ట్ఞ || ట్ట || ట్ఠ || ట్డ || ట్ఢ || ట్ణ || ట్త || ట్థ || ట్ద || ట్ధ || ట్న || ట్ప || ట్ఫ || ట్బ || ట్భ || ట్మ || ట్య || ట్ర || ట్ల || ట్వ || ట్శ || ట్ష || ట్స || ట్హ || ట్ళ || ట్ఱ
|-
!style="font-size: 115%;"| ఠ
| ఠ్క || ఠ్ఖ || ఠ్గ || ఠ్ఘ || ఠ్ఙ || ఠ్చ || ఠ్ఛ || ఠ్జ || ఠ్ఝ || ఠ్ఞ || ఠ్ట || ఠ్ఠ || ఠ్డ || ఠ్ఢ || ఠ్ణ || ఠ్త || ఠ్థ || ఠ్ద || ఠ్ధ || ఠ్న || ఠ్ప || ఠ్ఫ || ఠ్బ || ఠ్భ || ఠ్మ || ఠ్య || ఠ్ర || ఠ్ల || ఠ్వ || ఠ్శ || ఠ్ష || ఠ్స || ఠ్హ || ఠ్ళ || ఠ్ఱ
|-
!style="font-size: 115%;"| డ
| డ్క || డ్ఖ || డ్గ || డ్ఘ || డ్ఙ || డ్చ || డ్ఛ || డ్జ || డ్ఝ || డ్ఞ || డ్ట || డ్ఠ || డ్డ || డ్ఢ || డ్ణ || డ్త || డ్థ || డ్ద || డ్ధ || డ్న || డ్ప || డ్ఫ || డ్బ || డ్భ || డ్మ || డ్య || డ్ర || డ్ల || డ్వ || డ్శ || డ్ష || డ్స || డ్హ || డ్ళ || డ్ఱ
|-
!style="font-size: 115%;"| ఢ
| ఢ్క || ఢ్ఖ || ఢ్గ || ఢ్ఘ || ఢ్ఙ || ఢ్చ || ఢ్ఛ || ఢ్జ || ఢ్ఝ || ఢ్ఞ || ఢ్ట || ఢ్ఠ || ఢ్డ || ఢ్ఢ || ఢ్ణ || ఢ్త || ఢ్థ || ఢ్ద || ఢ్ధ || ఢ్న || ఢ్ప || ఢ్ఫ || ఢ్బ || ఢ్భ || ఢ్మ || ఢ్య || ఢ్ర || ఢ్ల || ఢ్వ || ఢ్శ || ఢ్ష || ఢ్స || ఢ్హ || ఢ్ళ || ఢ్ఱ
|-
!style="font-size: 115%;"| ణ
| ణ్క || ణ్ఖ || ణ్గ || ణ్ఘ || ణ్ఙ || ణ్చ || ణ్ఛ || ణ్జ || ణ్ఝ || ణ్ఞ || ణ్ట || ణ్ఠ || ణ్డ || ణ్ఢ || ణ్ణ || ణ్త || ణ్థ || ణ్ద || ణ్ధ || ణ్న || ణ్ప || ణ్ఫ || ణ్బ || ణ్భ || ణ్మ || ణ్య || ణ్ర || ణ్ల || ణ్వ || ణ్శ || ణ్ష || ణ్స || ణ్హ || ణ్ళ || ణ్ఱ
|-
!style="font-size: 115%;"| త
| త్క || త్ఖ || త్గ || త్ఘ || త్ఙ || త్చ || త్ఛ || త్జ || త్ఝ || త్ఞ || త్ట || త్ఠ || త్డ || త్ఢ || త్ణ || త్త || త్థ || త్ద || త్ధ || త్న || త్ప || త్ఫ || త్బ || త్భ || త్మ || త్య || త్ర || త్ల || త్వ || త్శ || త్ష || త్స || త్హ || త్ళ || త్ఱ
|-
!style="font-size: 115%;"| థ
| థ్క || థ్ఖ || థ్గ || థ్ఘ || థ్ఙ || థ్చ || థ్ఛ || థ్జ || థ్ఝ || థ్ఞ || థ్ట || థ్ఠ || థ్డ || థ్ఢ || థ్ణ || థ్త || థ్థ || థ్ద || థ్ధ || థ్న || థ్ప || థ్ఫ || థ్బ || థ్భ || థ్మ || థ్య || థ్ర || థ్ల || థ్వ || థ్శ || థ్ష || థ్స || థ్హ || థ్ళ || థ్ఱ
|-
!style="font-size: 115%;"| ద
| ద్క || ద్ఖ || ద్గ || ద్ఘ || ద్ఙ || ద్చ || ద్ఛ || ద్జ || ద్ఝ || ద్ఞ || ద్ట || ద్ఠ || ద్డ || ద్ఢ || ద్ణ || ద్త || ద్థ || ద్ద || ద్ధ || ద్న || ద్ప || ద్ఫ || ద్బ || ద్భ || ద్మ || ద్య || ద్ర || ద్ల || ద్వ || ద్శ || ద్ష || ద్స || ద్హ || ద్ళ || ద్ఱ
|-
!style="font-size: 115%;"| ధ
| ధ్క || ధ్ఖ || ధ్గ || ధ్ఘ || ధ్ఙ || ధ్చ || ధ్ఛ || ధ్జ || ధ్ఝ || ధ్ఞ || ధ్ట || ధ్ఠ || ధ్డ || ధ్ఢ || ధ్ణ || ధ్త || ధ్థ || ధ్ద || ధ్ధ || ధ్న || ధ్ప || ధ్ఫ || ధ్బ || ధ్భ || ధ్మ || ధ్య || ధ్ర || ధ్ల || ధ్వ || ధ్శ || ధ్ష || ధ్స || ధ్హ || ధ్ళ || ధ్ఱ
|-
!style="font-size: 115%;"| న
| న్క || న్ఖ || న్గ || న్ఘ || న్ఙ || న్చ || న్ఛ || న్జ || న్ఝ || న్ఞ || న్ట || న్ఠ || న్డ || న్ఢ || న్ణ || న్త || న్థ || న్ద || న్ధ || న్న || న్ప || న్ఫ || న్బ || న్భ || న్మ || న్య || న్ర || న్ల || న్వ || న్శ || న్ష || న్స || న్హ || న్ళ || న్ఱ
|-
!style="font-size: 115%;"| ప
| ప్క || ప్ఖ || ప్గ || ప్ఘ || ప్ఙ || ప్చ || ప్ఛ || ప్జ || ప్ఝ || ప్ఞ || ప్ట || ప్ఠ || ప్డ || ప్ఢ || ప్ణ || ప్త || ప్థ || ప్ద || ప్ధ || ప్న || ప్ప || ప్ఫ || ప్బ || ప్భ || ప్మ || ప్య || ప్ర || ప్ల || ప్వ || ప్శ || ప్ష || ప్స || ప్హ || ప్ళ || ప్ఱ
|-
!style="font-size: 115%;"| ఫ
| ఫ్క || ఫ్ఖ || ఫ్గ || ఫ్ఘ || ఫ్ఙ || ఫ్చ || ఫ్ఛ || ఫ్జ || ఫ్ఝ || ఫ్ఞ || ఫ్ట || ఫ్ఠ || ఫ్డ || ఫ్ఢ || ఫ్ణ || ఫ్త || ఫ్థ || ఫ్ద || ఫ్ధ || ఫ్న || ఫ్ప || ఫ్ఫ || ఫ్బ || ఫ్భ || ఫ్మ || ఫ్య || ఫ్ర || ఫ్ల || ఫ్వ || ఫ్శ || ఫ్ష || ఫ్స || ఫ్హ || ఫ్ళ || ఫ్ఱ
|-
!style="font-size: 115%;"| బ
| బ్క || బ్ఖ || బ్గ || బ్ఘ || బ్ఙ || బ్చ || బ్ఛ || బ్జ || బ్ఝ || బ్ఞ || బ్ట || బ్ఠ || బ్డ || బ్ఢ || బ్ణ || బ్త || బ్థ || బ్ద || బ్ధ || బ్న || బ్ప || బ్ఫ || బ్బ || బ్భ || బ్మ || బ్య || బ్ర || బ్ల || బ్వ || బ్శ || బ్ష || బ్స || బ్హ || బ్ళ || బ్ఱ
|-
!style="font-size: 115%;"| భ
| భ్క || భ్ఖ || భ్గ || భ్ఘ || భ్ఙ || భ్చ || భ్ఛ || భ్జ || భ్ఝ || భ్ఞ || భ్ట || భ్ఠ || భ్డ || భ్ఢ || భ్ణ || భ్త || భ్థ || భ్ద || భ్ధ || భ్న || భ్ప || భ్ఫ || భ్బ || భ్భ || భ్మ || భ్య || భ్ర || భ్ల || భ్వ || భ్శ || భ్ష || భ్స || భ్హ || భ్ళ || భ్ఱ
|-
!style="font-size: 115%;"| మ
| మ్క || మ్ఖ || మ్గ || మ్ఘ || మ్ఙ || మ్చ || మ్ఛ || మ్జ || మ్ఝ || మ్ఞ || మ్ట || మ్ఠ || మ్డ || మ్ఢ || మ్ణ || మ్త || మ్థ || మ్ద || మ్ధ || మ్న || మ్ప || మ్ఫ || మ్బ || మ్భ || మ్మ || మ్య || మ్ర || మ్ల || మ్వ || మ్శ || మ్ష || మ్స || మ్హ || మ్ళ || మ్ఱ
|-
!style="font-size: 115%;"| య
| య్క || య్ఖ || య్గ || య్ఘ || య్ఙ || య్చ || య్ఛ || య్జ || య్ఝ || య్ఞ || య్ట || య్ఠ || య్డ || య్ఢ || య్ణ || య్త || య్థ || య్ద || య్ధ || య్న || య్ప || య్ఫ || య్బ || య్భ || య్మ || య్య || య్ర || య్ల || య్వ || య్శ || య్ష || య్స || య్హ || య్ళ || య్ఱ
|-
!style="font-size: 115%;"| ర
| ర్క || ర్ఖ || ర్గ || ర్ఘ || ర్ఙ || ర్చ || ర్ఛ || ర్జ || ర్ఝ || ర్ఞ || ర్ట || ర్ఠ || ర్డ || ర్ఢ || ర్ణ || ర్త || ర్థ || ర్ద || ర్ధ || ర్న || ర్ప || ర్ఫ || ర్బ || ర్భ || ర్మ || ర్య || ర్ర || ర్ల || ర్వ || ర్శ || ర్ష || ర్స || ర్హ || ర్ళ || ర్ఱ
|-
!style="font-size: 115%;"| ల
| ల్క || ల్ఖ || ల్గ || ల్ఘ || ల్ఙ || ల్చ || ల్ఛ || ల్జ || ల్ఝ || ల్ఞ || ల్ట || ల్ఠ || ల్డ || ల్ఢ || ల్ణ || ల్త || ల్థ || ల్ద || ల్ధ || ల్న || ల్ప || ల్ఫ || ల్బ || ల్భ || ల్మ || ల్య || ల్ర || ల్ల || ల్వ || ల్శ || ల్ష || ల్స || ల్హ || ల్ళ || ల్ఱ
|-
!style="font-size: 115%;"| వ
| వ్క || వ్ఖ || వ్గ || వ్ఘ || వ్ఙ || వ్చ || వ్ఛ || వ్జ || వ్ఝ || వ్ఞ || వ్ట || వ్ఠ || వ్డ || వ్ఢ || వ్ణ || వ్త || వ్థ || వ్ద || వ్ధ || వ్న || వ్ప || వ్ఫ || వ్బ || వ్భ || వ్మ || వ్య || వ్ర || వ్ల || వ్వ || వ్శ || వ్ష || వ్స || వ్హ || వ్ళ || వ్ఱ
|-
!style="font-size: 115%;"| శ
| శ్క || శ్ఖ || శ్గ || శ్ఘ || శ్ఙ || శ్చ || శ్ఛ || శ్జ || శ్ఝ || శ్ఞ || శ్ట || శ్ఠ || శ్డ || శ్ఢ || శ్ణ || శ్త || శ్థ || శ్ద || శ్ధ || శ్న || శ్ప || శ్ఫ || శ్బ || శ్భ || శ్మ || శ్య || శ్ర || శ్ల || శ్వ || శ్శ || శ్ష || శ్స || శ్హ || శ్ళ || శ్ఱ
|-
!style="font-size: 115%;"| ష
| ష్క || ష్ఖ || ష్గ || ష్ఘ || ష్ఙ || ష్చ || ష్ఛ || ష్జ || ష్ఝ || ష్ఞ || ష్ట || ష్ఠ || ష్డ || ష్ఢ || ష్ణ || ష్త || ష్థ || ష్ద || ష్ధ || ష్న || ష్ప || ష్ఫ || ష్బ || ష్భ || ష్మ || ష్య || ష్ర || ష్ల || ష్వ || ష్శ || ష్ష || ష్స || ష్హ || ష్ళ || ష్ఱ
|-
!style="font-size: 115%;"| స
| స్క || స్ఖ || స్గ || స్ఘ || స్ఙ || స్చ || స్ఛ || స్జ || స్ఝ || స్ఞ || స్ట || స్ఠ || స్డ || స్ఢ || స్ణ || స్త || స్థ || స్ద || స్ధ || స్న || స్ప || స్ఫ || స్బ || స్భ || స్మ || స్య || స్ర || స్ల || స్వ || స్శ || స్ష || స్స || స్హ || స్ళ || స్ఱ
|-
!style="font-size: 115%;"| హ
| హ్క || హ్ఖ || హ్గ || హ్ఘ || హ్ఙ || హ్చ || హ్ఛ || హ్జ || హ్ఝ || హ్ఞ || హ్ట || హ్ఠ || హ్డ || హ్ఢ || హ్ణ || హ్త || హ్థ || హ్ద || హ్ధ || హ్న || హ్ప || హ్ఫ || హ్బ || హ్భ || హ్మ || హ్య || హ్ర || హ్ల || హ్వ || హ్శ || హ్ష || హ్స || హ్హ || హ్ళ || హ్ఱ
|-
!style="font-size: 115%;"| ళ
| ళ్క || ళ్ఖ || ళ్గ || ళ్ఘ || ళ్ఙ || ళ్చ || ళ్ఛ || ళ్జ || ళ్ఝ || ళ్ఞ || ళ్ట || ళ్ఠ || ళ్డ || ళ్ఢ || ళ్ణ || ళ్త || ళ్థ || ళ్ద || ళ్ధ || ళ్న || ళ్ప || ళ్ఫ || ళ్బ || ళ్భ || ళ్మ || ళ్య || ళ్ర || ళ్ల || ళ్వ || ళ్శ || ళ్ష || ళ్స || ళ్హ || ళ్ళ || ళ్ఱ
|-
!style="font-size: 115%;"| ఱ
| ఱ్క || ఱ్ఖ || ఱ్గ || ఱ్ఘ || ఱ్ఙ || ఱ్చ || ఱ్ఛ || ఱ్జ || ఱ్ఝ || ఱ్ఞ || ఱ్ట || ఱ్ఠ || ఱ్డ || ఱ్ఢ || ఱ్ణ || ఱ్త || ఱ్థ || ఱ్ద || ఱ్ధ || ఱ్న || ఱ్ప || ఱ్ఫ || ఱ్బ || ఱ్భ || ఱ్మ || ఱ్య || ఱ్ర || ఱ్ల || ఱ్వ || ఱ్శ || ఱ్ష || ఱ్స || ఱ్హ || ఱ్ళ || ఱ్ఱ
|- style="font-size: 100%;"
! !! క !! ఖ !! గ !! ఘ !! ఙ !! చ !! ఛ !! జ !! ఝ !! ఞ !! ట !! ఠ !! డ !! ఢ !! ణ !! త !! థ !! ద !! ధ !! న !! ప !! ఫ !! బ !! భ !! మ !! య !! ర !! ల !! వ !! శ !! ష !! స !! హ !! ళ !! ఱ
|}
{{Sticky table end}}

==Consonants with vowel diacritics==
The consonants with vowel diacritics are referred to in the Telugu language as '''guṇintālu''' ({{lang|te|గుణింతాలు}}). The word ''Guṇita'' refers to 'multiplying oneself'. Therefore, each consonant sound can be multiplied with vowel sounds to produce vowel diacritics. The vowel diacritics along with their symbols and names are given below.<ref name="Peddabalasikha1901_reference">{{cite web|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.372995/page/n5/mode/2up|title= Pedda Balasiksha|publisher= Poomagal Vilasam Mudraksharasala, Madras|author=Rangaswami Modalari|year=1901|language=Telugu}}</ref>
{|class="wikitable"
|-
!Diacritic symbol!!Vowel letter!!Diacritic name !!Example
|-
|none ||(అ, a)||{{lang|te|తలకట్టు}} ({{transliteration|te|ISO|talakaṭṭu}})||క
|-
|ా ||(ఆ, ā)||{{lang|te|దీర్ఘం}} ({{transliteration|te|ISO|dīrgham}})||కా
|-
|ి ||(ఇ, i)||{{lang|te|గుడి}} ({{transliteration|te|ISO|guḍi}})||కి
|-
|ీ ||(ఈ, ī)||{{lang|te|గుడి దీర్ఘం}} ({{transliteration|te|ISO|guḍi dīrgham}})||కీ
|-
|ు ||(ఉ, u)||{{lang|te|కొమ్ము}} ({{transliteration|te|ISO|kommu}})||కు
|-
|ూ ||(ఊ, ū)||{{lang|te|కొమ్ము దీర్ఘం}} ({{transliteration|te|ISO|kommu dīrgham}})||కూ
|-
|ృ ||(ఋ, r̥)||{{lang|te|వట్రసుడి}} ({{transliteration|te|ISO|vaṭrasuḍi}})||కృ
|-
|ౄ ||(ౠ, r̥̄)||{{lang|te|వట్రసుడి దీర్ఘం}} ({{transliteration|te|ISO|vaṭrasuḍi dīrgham}})||కౄ
|-
|ౢ ||(ఌ, l̥)||{{lang|te|ఌత్వం}} ({{transliteration|te|ISO|ḷtvam}})||కౢ
|-
|ౣ ||(ౡ, l̥̄)||{{lang|te|ఌత్వ దీర్ఘం}} ({{transliteration|te|ISO|ḷtva dīrgham}})||కౣ
|-
|ె ||(ఎ, e)||{{lang|te|ఎత్వం}} ({{transliteration|te|ISO|etvam}})||కె
|-
|ే ||(ఏ, ē)||{{lang|te|ఏత్వం}} ({{transliteration|te|ISO|ētvam}})||కే
|-
|ై ||(ఐ, ai)||{{lang|te|ఐత్వం}} ({{transliteration|te|ISO|aitvam}})||కై
|-
|ొ ||(ఒ, o)||{{lang|te|ఒత్వం}} ({{transliteration|te|ISO|otvam}})||కొ
|-
|ో ||(ఓ, ō)||{{lang|te|ఓత్వం}} ({{transliteration|te|ISO|ōtvam}})||కో
|-
|ౌ ||(ఔ, au)||{{lang|te|ఔత్వం}} ({{transliteration|te|ISO|autvam}})||కౌ
|-
|ం ||(అం, aṁ)||{{lang|te|సున్నా}} ({{transliteration|te|ISO|sunnā}})||కం
|-
|ః ||(అః, aḥ)||{{lang|te|విసర్గ}} ({{transliteration|te|ISO|visarga}})||కః
|-
|ఁ ||(అఁ, an̆)||{{lang|te|అరసున్నా}} ({{transliteration|te|ISO|arasunnā}})||కఁ
|-
|్ ||—||{{lang|te|పొల్లు}} ({{transliteration|te|ISO|pollu}})||క్
|-
|}
The following table contains the consonants with vowel diacritics in the Telugu language.
{| class="wikitable" style="width:auto;text-align:center;font-size:120%" lang="te"
!style="width:6.25%"| అ
!style="width:6.25%"| ఆ
!style="width:6.25%"| ఇ
!style="width:6.25%"| ఈ
!style="width:6.25%"| ఉ
!style="width:6.25%"| ఊ
!style="width:6.25%"| ఋ
!style="width:6.25%"| ౠ
!style="width:6.25%"| ఌ
!style="width:6.25%"| ౡ
!style="width:6.25%"| ఎ
!style="width:6.25%"| ఏ
!style="width:6.25%"| ఐ
!style="width:6.25%"| ఒ
!style="width:6.25%"| ఓ
!style="width:6.25%"| ఔ
!style="width:6.25%"| అఁ
!style="width:6.25%"| అం
!style="width:6.25%"| అః
!style="width:6.25%"| —
|-
| క
| కా
| కి
| కీ
| కు
| కూ
| కృ
| కౄ
| కౢ
| కౣ
| కె
| కే
| కై
| కొ
| కో
| కౌ
| కఁ
| కం
| కః
| క్
|-
| ఖ
| ఖా
| ఖి
| ఖీ
| ఖు
| ఖూ
| ఖృ
| ఖౄ
| ఖౢ
| ఖౣ
| ఖె
| ఖే
| ఖై
| ఖొ
| ఖో
| ఖౌ
| ఖఁ
| ఖం
| ఖః
| ఖ్
|-
| గ
| గా
| గి
| గీ
| గు
| గూ
| గృ
| గౄ
| గౢ
| గౣ
| గె
| గే
| గై
| గొ
| గో
| గౌ
| గఁ
| గం
| గః
| గ్
|-
| ఘ
| ఘా
| ఘి
| ఘీ
| ఘు
| ఘూ
| ఘృ
| ఘౄ
| ఘౢ
| ఘౣ
| ఘె
| ఘే
| ఘై
| ఘొ
| ఘో
| ఘౌ
| ఘఁ
| ఘం
| ఘః
| ఘ్
|-
| ఙ
| ఙా
| ఙి
| ఙీ
| ఙు
| ఙూ
| ఙృ
| ఙౄ
| ఙౢ
| ఙౣ
| ఙె
| ఙే
| ఙై
| ఙొ
| ఙో
| ఙౌ
| ఙఁ
| ఙం
| ఙః
| ఙ్
|-
| చ
| చా
| చి
| చీ
| చు
| చూ
| చృ
| చౄ
| చౢ
| చౣ
| చె
| చే
| చై
| చొ
| చో
| చౌ
| చఁ
| చం
| చః
| చ్
|-
| ఛ
| ఛా
| ఛి
| ఛీ
| ఛు
| ఛూ
| ఛృ
| ఛౄ
| ఛౢ
| ఛౣ
| ఛె
| ఛే
| ఛై
| ఛొ
| ఛో
| ఛౌ
| ఛఁ
| ఛం
| ఛః
| ఛ్
|-
| జ
| జా
| జి
| జీ
| జు
| జూ
| జృ
| జౄ
| జౢ
| జౣ
| జె
| జే
| జై
| జొ
| జో
| జౌ
| జఁ
| జం
| జః
| జ్
|-
| ఝ
| ఝా
| ఝి
| ఝీ
| ఝు
| ఝూ
| ఝృ
| ఝౄ
| ఝౢ
| ఝౣ
| ఝె
| ఝే
| ఝై
| ఝొ
| ఝో
| ఝౌ
| ఝఁ
| ఝం
| ఝః
| ఝ్
|-
| ఞ
| ఞా
| ఞి
| ఞీ
| ఞు
| ఞూ
| ఞృ
| ఞౄ
| ఞౢ
| ఞౣ
| ఞె
| ఞే
| ఞై
| ఞొ
| ఞో
| ఞౌ
| ఞఁ
| ఞం
| ఞః
| ఞ్
|-
| ట
| టా
| టి
| టీ
| టు
| టూ
| టృ
| టౄ
| టౢ
| టౣ
| టె
| టే
| టై
| టొ
| టో
| టౌ
| టఁ
| టం
| టః
| ట్
|-
| ఠ
| ఠా
| ఠి
| ఠీ
| ఠు
| ఠూ
| ఠృ
| ఠౄ
| ఠౢ
| ఠౣ
| ఠె
| ఠే
| ఠై
| ఠొ
| ఠో
| ఠౌ
| ఠఁ
| ఠం
| ఠః
| ఠ్
|-
| డ
| డా
| డి
| డీ
| డు
| డూ
| డృ
| డౄ
| డౢ
| డౣ
| డె
| డే
| డై
| డొ
| డో
| డౌ
| డఁ
| డం
| డః
| డ్
|-
| ఢ
| ఢా
| ఢి
| ఢీ
| ఢు
| ఢూ
| ఢృ
| ఢౄ
| ఢౢ
| ఢౣ
| ఢె
| ఢే
| ఢై
| ఢొ
| ఢో
| ఢౌ
| ఢఁ
| ఢం
| ఢః
| ఢ్
|-
| ణ
| ణా
| ణి
| ణీ
| ణు
| ణూ
| ణృ
| ణౄ
| ణౢ
| ణౣ
| ణె
| ణే
| ణై
| ణొ
| ణో
| ణౌ
| ణఁ
| ణం
| ణః
| ణ్
|-
| త
| తా
| తి
| తీ
| తు
| తూ
| తృ
| తౄ
| తౢ
| తౣ
| తె
| తే
| తై
| తొ
| తో
| తౌ
| తఁ
| తం
| తః
| త్
|-
| థ
| థా
| థి
| థీ
| థు
| థూ
| థృ
| థౄ
| థౢ
| థౣ
| థె
| థే
| థై
| థొ
| థో
| థౌ
| థఁ
| థం
| థః
| థ్
|-
| ద
| దా
| ది
| దీ
| దు
| దూ
| దృ
| దౄ
| దౢ
| దౣ
| దె
| దే
| దై
| దొ
| దో
| దౌ
| దఁ
| దం
| దః
| ద్
|-
| ధ
| ధా
| ధి
| ధీ
| ధు
| ధూ
| ధృ
| ధౄ
| ధౢ
| ధౣ
| ధె
| ధే
| ధై
| ధొ
| ధో
| ధౌ
| ధఁ
| ధం
| ధః
| ధ్
|-
| న
| నా
| ని
| నీ
| ను
| నూ
| నృ
| నౄ
| నౢ
| నౣ
| నె
| నే
| నై
| నొ
| నో
| నౌ
| నఁ
| నం
| నః
| న్
|-
| ప
| పా
| పి
| పీ
| పు
| పూ
| పృ
| పౄ
| పౢ
| పౣ
| పె
| పే
| పై
| పొ
| పో
| పౌ
| పఁ
| పం
| పః
| ప్
|-
| ఫ
| ఫా
| ఫి
| ఫీ
| ఫు
| ఫూ
| ఫృ
| ఫౄ
| ఫౢ
| ఫౣ
| ఫె
| ఫే
| ఫై
| ఫొ
| ఫో
| ఫౌ
| ఫఁ
| ఫం
| ఫః
| ఫ్
|-
| బ
| బా
| బి
| బీ
| బు
| బూ
| బృ
| బౄ
| బౢ
| బౣ
| బె
| బే
| బై
| బొ
| బో
| బౌ
| బఁ
| బం
| బః
| బ్
|-
| భ
| భా
| భి
| భీ
| భు
| భూ
| భృ
| భౄ
| భౢ
| భౣ
| భె
| భే
| భై
| భొ
| భో
| భౌ
| భఁ
| భం
| భః
| భ్
|-
| మ
| మా
| మి
| మీ
| ము
| మూ
| మృ
| మౄ
| మౢ
| మౣ
| మె
| మే
| మై
| మొ
| మో
| మౌ
| మఁ
| మం
| మః
| మ్
|-
| య
| యా
| యి
| యీ
| యు
| యూ
| యృ
| యౄ
| యౢ
| యౣ
| యె
| యే
| యై
| యొ
| యో
| యౌ
| యఁ
| యం
| యః
| య్
|-
| ర
| రా
| రి
| రీ
| రు
| రూ
| రృ
| రౄ
| రౢ
| రౣ
| రె
| రే
| రై
| రొ
| రో
| రౌ
| రఁ
| రం
| రః
| ర్
|-
| ల
| లా
| లి
| లీ
| లు
| లూ
| లృ
| లౄ
| లౢ
| లౣ
| లె
| లే
| లై
| లొ
| లో
| లౌ
| లఁ
| లం
| లః
| ల్
|-
| వ
| వా
| వి
| వీ
| వు
| వూ
| వృ
| వౄ
| వౢ
| వౣ
| వె
| వే
| వై
| వొ
| వో
| వౌ
| వఁ
| వం
| వః
| వ్
|-
| శ
| శా
| శి
| శీ
| శు
| శూ
| శృ
| శౄ
| శౢ
| శౣ
| శె
| శే
| శై
| శొ
| శో
| శౌ
| శఁ
| శం
| శః
| శ్
|-
| ష
| షా
| షి
| షీ
| షు
| షూ
| షృ
| షౄ
| షౢ
| షౣ
| షె
| షే
| షై
| షొ
| షో
| షౌ
| షఁ
| షం
| షః
| ష్
|-
| స
| సా
| సి
| సీ
| సు
| సూ
| సృ
| సౄ
| సౢ
| సౣ
| సె
| సే
| సై
| సొ
| సో
| సౌ
| సఁ
| సం
| సః
| స్
|-
| హ
| హా
| హి
| హీ
| హు
| హూ
| హృ
| హౄ
| హౢ
| హౣ
| హె
| హే
| హై
| హొ
| హో
| హౌ
| హఁ
| హం
| హః
| హ్
|-
| ళ
| ళా
| ళి
| ళీ
| ళు
| ళూ
| ళృ
| ళౄ
| ళౢ
| ళౣ
| ళె
| ళే
| ళై
| ళొ
| ళో
| ళౌ
| ళఁ
| ళం
| ళః
| ళ్
|-
| ఱ
| ఱా
| ఱి
| ఱీ
| ఱు
| ఱూ
| ఱృ
| ఱౄ
| ఱౢ
| ఱౣ
| ఱె
| ఱే
| ఱై
| ఱొ
| ఱో
| ఱౌ
| ఱఁ
| ఱం
| ఱః
| ఱ్
|}

==Numerals==

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:200%;"
|- style="font-size:50%"
!0 || 1 || 2 || 3 || 4 || 5 || 6 || 7 || 8 || 9
|-
| ౦ || ౧|| ౨|| ౩|| ౪|| ౫|| ౬|| ౭|| ౮|| ౯
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:200%;"
|- style="font-size:50%"
!{{frac|0|4}} || {{frac|1|4}} || {{frac|2|4}} || {{frac|3|4}} || {{frac|0|16}} || {{frac|1|16}} || {{frac|2|16}} || {{frac|3|16}}
|-
| ౸ || ౹ || ౺ || ౻ || ౦ || ౼ || ౽ || ౾
|}
NOTE: {{lang|te|౹}}, {{lang|te|౺}}, and {{lang|te|౻}} are used also for {{frac|1|64}}, {{frac|2|64}}, {{frac|3|64}}, {{frac|1|1024}}, etc. and {{lang|te|౼}}, {{lang|te|౽}}, and {{lang|te|౾}} are also used for {{frac|1|256}}, {{frac|2|256}}, {{frac|3|256}}, {{frac|1|4096}}, etc.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dkuug.dk/jtc1/sc2/wg2/docs/n3156.pdf|title=Telugu Measures and Arithmetic Marks|author=Nāgārjuna Venna|work=JTC1/SC2/WG2 N3156|publisher=International Organization for Standardization|access-date=July 29, 2012}}</ref>

==Unicode==

{{Main|Telugu (Unicode block)}}

Telugu script was added to the [[Unicode]] Standard in October, 1991 with the release of version 1.0.

The Unicode block for Telugu is U+0C00–U+0C7F:

{{Unicode chart Telugu}}

In contrast to a [[syllabary|syllabic]] script such as [[katakana]], where one Unicode [[code point]] represents the [[glyph]] for one syllable, Telugu combines multiple [[code point]]s to generate the glyph for one syllable, using complex font rendering rules.<ref>{{cite web | title=Developing OpenType Fonts for Telugu Script | date=February 8, 2018 | url=https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/typography/script-development/telugu |website=Microsoft Learn |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220506111604/https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/typography/script-development/telugu |archive-date= May 6, 2022 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book | title=The Unicode Standard, Version 5.0: Chapter 9, South Asian Scripts-I |isbn=978-0-321-48091-0 | url=https://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode5.0.0/ch09.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231128051416/http://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode5.0.0/ch09.pdf |archive-date= Nov 28, 2023 |date=2007 |publisher=Addison-Wesley }}</ref>

== iOS character crash bug ==
On February 12, 2018, a bug in the [[iOS]] operating system was reported that caused iOS devices to crash if a particular Telugu character was displayed.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.openradar.me/37458268|title=rdar://37458268: iOS and Mac OS System can't render symbol and has crashed|website=Open Radar |author=i.bulyga |date=February 12, 2018 |access-date=2018-03-12}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/gadgets-and-tech/apple-iphone-crash-glitch-indian-symbol-telugu-ios-devices-a8213201.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180216064902/https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/gadgets-and-tech/apple-iphone-crash-glitch-indian-symbol-telugu-ios-devices-a8213201.html |archive-date=2018-02-16 |url-status=live|title=iPhones, iPads and Macs crashed by Indian Telugu character sent via SMS, WhatsApp and other apps |first1=Chelsea |last1=Ritschel |date=2018-02-15|work=The Independent|access-date=2018-02-16|language=en-GB}}</ref> The character is a combination of the characters "జ", "్", "ఞ", "ా" and The Zero-Width Non-Joiner character which looks combined like this "జ్ఞా". Apple confirmed a fix for iOS 11.3 and macOS 10.13.4.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.macrumors.com/2018/02/15/apple-telugu-bug-fix-minor-ios-update/ |website=MacRumors |date=February 15, 2018 |first1=Juli |last1=Clover |title=Apple to Fix Telugu Character Bug Causing Devices to Crash in Minor iOS Update|access-date=2018-03-12|language=en}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Telugu Braille]]
*[[Kannada script]]
*[[Sinhala script]]
*[[Grantha script]]
*[[ISO 15919]]

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

{{commons category|Telugu script}}

==External links==
* [https://www.ethnologue.com/language/tel Ethnologue Languages of the World - Telugu]
* [https://archive.today/20120726202516/http://specials.msn.co.in/ilit/Telugu.aspx Microsoft - Telugu Input tool]
* [http://www.language-archives.org/language/tel OLAC resources in and about the Telugu language]
* [http://www.omniglot.com/writing/telugu.htm Omniglot - Telugu script]
* [http://www.telugudictionary.org Telugu to English Dictionary]
*[https://teluguaksharalu.com Telugu Alphabets]

{{list of writing systems}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Telugu Alphabet}}
[[Category:Brahmic scripts]]
[[Category:Abugida writing systems]]

Murad Nagar RRTS station

2026-02-22T15:17:46Z

Evajzp:

{{Short description|RapidX's Delhi–Meerut RRTS station}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2024}}
{{Infobox station
| name = [[File:A07 Murad Nagar RRTS station.svg|40px]] Murad Nagar
| type = {{RapidX Infobox station line|line=Delhi–Meerut}}
| style = RapidX
| image =
| image_size =
| image_caption =
| address = 187, NH 34, Brij Vihar Colony, Muradnagar, Uttar Pradesh 201206
| country = {{flagu|India}}
| coordinates = {{coord|28.77046|N|77.51076|E|display=inline}}
| elevation =
| line = {{rcb|RapidX|Delhi–Meerut|croute}} RRTS
| connections =
| structure = [[Elevated]], [[Double-track railway|Double track]]
| platform = [[Side platform]] Platform-1 → {{stl|RapidX|Modipuram}} Platform-2 → {{stl|RapidX|Sarai Kale Khan}}
| levels = 2
| tracks = 2
| parking = {{parking symbol}} Four-Wheeler Parking
| opened = {{start date and age|07 March 2024|df=yes}}
| opening =
| closed =
| rebuilt =
| electrified = {{25 kV 50 Hz}} through [[overhead catenary]]
| accessible = Yes {{access icon}}
| code =
| owned = [[National Capital Region Transport Corporation|NCRTC]]
| operator = [[National Capital Region Transport Corporation|NCRTC]]
| status = Operational
| former =
| passengers =
| pass_year =
| pass_percent =
| services = {{Adjacent stations|system=RapidX|line1=Delhi–Meerut|left1=Duhai|to-left1=|right1=Modinagar South|to-right1=}}
| pass_system =
| route_map = {{Delhi–Meerut Regional Rapid Transit System}}
| map_state = collapsed
| mapframe = yes
| mapframe-marker = rail
| mapframe-marker-color = #FFFA4A
| mapframe-zoom = 14
}}

'''Murad Nagar RRTS station'''<ref>{{cite web |title=DELHI-Ghaziabad-Meerut MAP |url=https://ncrtc.in/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/RevisedDELHI-Ghaziabad-Meerut-MAP.jpg |access-date=1 May 2023 |website=ncrtc.in}}</ref> is an elevated RRTS station in the [[Muradnagar]] city of [[Uttar Pradesh]], India. This serves as a RRTS station for higher-speed trains on the [[Delhi–Meerut Regional Rapid Transit System]] that reaches speeds of upto 180 km/h.<ref>{{Cite web |author=Staff Reporter |date=2024-03-07 |title=Hon'ble Prime Minister Inaugurates and Flags Off 17 Km Long Duhai to Modi Nagar North RRTS Stretch |url=https://www.metrorailnews.in/honble-prime-minister-inaugurates-and-flags-off-17-km-long-duhai-to-modi-nagar-north-rrts-stretch/ |access-date=2024-03-13 |website=Metro Rail News |language=en-US}}</ref>

After the trial run of Duhai – Meerut South RRTS stretch was commissioned successfully, this RRTS station was inaugurated by Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]] on March 6, 2024 via [[Videotelephony|video conferencing]] from [[Kolkata]], and began its operations along with the existing 17-km Sahibabad-Duhai stretch of the [[Delhi–Meerut Regional Rapid Transit System|Delhi–Meerut RRTS]] from March 7, 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-03-06 |title=PM opens 17km RRTS stretch to Modinagar (north) virtually from Kolkata |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/noida-news/pm-opens-17km-rrts-stretch-to-modinagar-north-virtually-from-kolkata-101709749349299.html |access-date=2024-03-13 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-03-06 |title=PM Modi inaugurates 17-km-long Duhai to Modi Nagar North RRTS section |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/delhi/pm-inaugurates-duhai-modi-nagar-north-9199598/ |access-date=2024-03-13 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-03-08 |title=Passenger operations begin on 34km RRTS section in Ghaziabad |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/noida-news/passenger-operations-begin-on-34km-rrts-section-in-ghaziabad-101709919188113.html |access-date=2024-03-13 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref>

== History ==
The [[National Capital Region Transport Corporation]] (NCRTC) had invited tenders for the construction of the Murad Nagar RRTS station along with the 21.5 km long Murad Nagar–Meerut South section of the 82.15 km Delhi-Meerut RRTS line. [[Larsen and Toubro|L&T Heavy Civil Infrastructure]] emerged as the lowest bidder for construction work. Under the agreement, companies started construction of Murad Nagar RRTS station.<ref>{{Cite web |title=NCRTC completes 25-km viaduct of new section of Delhi-Meerut RRTS Corridor {{!}} Metro Rail Today |url=https://metrorailtoday.com/news/ncrtc-completes-25-km-viaduct-of-new-section-of-delhi-meerut-rrts-corridor |access-date=2024-01-06 |website=Metro Rail Today: Gateway to Rail & Metro Industry}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-03-01 |title=RRTS: Train Services Likely To Begin On 17km Stretch From Duhai to Modinagar Soon |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/city/ghaziabad/rrts-train-services-likely-to-begin-on-17km-stretch-from-duhai-to-modinagar-soon-article-108121517 |access-date=2024-03-05 |website=TimesNow |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-02-29 |title=17km of RRTS line from Duhai to Modinagar to be ready for operations soon |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/noida-news/17km-of-rrts-line-from-duhai-to-modinagar-to-be-ready-for-operations-soon-101709230358129.html |access-date=2024-03-05 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref>

== Station layout ==
The Murad Nagar RRTS station has three levels – platform, concourse and street level. Murad Nagar RRTS station will be 215 meters long and 26 meters wide. The rail tracks are constructed at a height of 24 meters above the ground level.
{{stack|{{Routemap
| title = [[File:A07 Murad Nagar RRTS station.svg|frameless|20px]] Murad Nagar track layout
| title-bg = #{{rail color|RapidX|Delhi–Meerut}}
| legend = track
| collapsible = no
| map = vCONTgfa
cPLT\vSTR\cPLT ~~ ~~ ~~ to [[File:A8 Modinagar South RRTS station.svg|frameless|20px]] {{stl|RapidX|Modinagar South}}
*'''P1'''\cPLT\vSTR\cPLT\*'''P2'''
cPLT\vSTR\cPLT ~~ ~~ ~~ to [[File:A06 Duhai RRTS station.svg|frameless|20px]] {{stl|RapidX|Duhai}}
vCONTgfe
| bottom = <div style="width:23.5em;text-align:center">Station with two tracks and two side platforms</div>
}}}}
{| border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="3"
| style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;border-top:solid 1px gray;" width="50" valign="top" |'''G'''
| style="border-top:solid 1px gray;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width="100" valign="top" |Street level
| style="border-top:solid 1px gray;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width="500" valign="top" |Exit/Entrance
|-
| valign="top" |'''L1'''
| valign="top" |Mezzanine
| valign="top" |Fare control, Station agent, Token vending machines, Crossover
|-
| rowspan="4" style="border-top:solid 1px gray;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width="50" valign="top" |'''L2'''
| colspan="2" style="border-top:solid 1px gray;border-right:solid 2px black;border-left:solid 2px black;border-bottom:solid 2px black;text-align:center;" |[[Side platform]]<nowiki> | Doors will open on the left </nowiki>{{access icon}}
|-
| style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width="100" |'''Platform 1''' '''Eastbound'''
| style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width="500" |Towards → [[File:A10 Meerut South RRTS station.svg|frameless|20x20px]] {{stl|RapidX|Meerut South}} '''Next Station:'''[[File:A8 Modinagar South RRTS station.svg|frameless|20x20px]] {{stl|RapidX|Modinagar South}}
|-
|'''Platform 2''' '''Westbound'''
|Towards ← [[File:A01 New Ashok Nagar RRTS station.svg|frameless|20x20px]] {{stl|RapidX|New Ashok Nagar}} '''Next Station:'''[[File:A06 Duhai RRTS station.svg|frameless|20x20px]] {{stl|RapidX|Duhai}} '''''(Passengers heading towards [[File:AS2 Duhai Depot RRTS station.svg|frameless|20x20px]] {{stl|RapidX|Duhai Depot}} may alight at the next station)'''''
|-
| colspan="2" style="border-top:solid 2px black;border-right:solid 2px black;border-left:solid 2px black;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" align="center" |[[Side platform]]<nowiki> | Doors will open on the left </nowiki>{{access icon}}
|-
| rowspan="2" style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width="50" valign="top" |'''L2'''
| style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width="100" |
| style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width="500" |
|-
|}
There are 2 Gate points – 1 and 2. Commuters can use either of the points for their travel:-

* Gate 1 – Towards Meerut Side
* Gate 2 – Towards Delhi Side

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{RapidX|Delhi–Meerut=yes}}

[[Category:National Capital Region (India)]]

Jhansi Lok Sabha constituency

2026-02-22T04:08:28Z

Evajzp:

{{short description|Indian parliamentary constituency}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2019}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| type = LS
| name = Jhansi {{Small|UP-46}}
|established = 1952
|reservation =None
|mp =[[Anurag Sharma (politician)|Anurag Sharma]]
|map_image =
| party = {{Party index link|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| alliance = {{Party index link|National Democratic Alliance}}
| latest_election_year = [[2024 Indian general elections|2024]]
|state = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
|assembly_cons =[[Babina Assembly constituency|Babina]] [[Jhansi Nagar Assembly constituency|Jhansi Nagar]] [[Mauranipur Assembly constituency|Mauranipur]] [[Lalitpur Assembly constituency|Lalitpur]] [[Mehroni Assembly constituency|Mehroni]]
}}
'''Jhansi Lok Sabha constituency''' is a [[Lok Sabha]] (parliamentary) [[constituency]] in south-western [[Uttar Pradesh]] state in northern [[India]].

The serial number of this constituency in Uttar Pradesh is 46. This constituency includes geographical boundaries of [[Lalitpur District, Uttar Pradesh|Lalitpur]] district also (in due south from Jhansi city).

==Assembly segments==
{|class="wikitable sortable"
!No
!Name
!District
!Member
!colspan="2"| Party
!colspan="2"| 2024 Lead
|-
|222
|[[Babina Assembly constituency|Babina]]
|rowspan="3"| [[Jhansi district|Jhansi]]
|Rajeev Singh Parichha
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
|223
|[[Jhansi Nagar Assembly constituency|Jhansi Nagar]]
|Ravi Sharma
|-
|224
|[[Mauranipur Assembly constituency|Mauranipur]] (SC)
|[[Rashmi Arya]]
|{{party name with color|Apna Dal (Sonelal)}}
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|226
|[[Lalitpur Assembly constituency|Lalitpur]]
|rowspan="2"| [[Lalitpur district, India|Lalitpur]]
|[[Ramratan Kushwaha]]
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
|227
|[[Mehroni Assembly constituency|Mehroni]] (SC)
|[[Manohar Lal Panth]]
|-
|}

== Members of Parliament ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year
! Member
! colspan="2"| Party
|-
|[[1951–52 Indian general election|1952]]
|[[Raghunath Vinayak Dhulekar]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=5}}
|-
|[[1957 Indian general election|1957]]
|rowspan="3" |[[Sushila Nayyar]]
|-
|[[1962 Indian general election|1962]]
|-
|[[1967 Indian general election|1967]]
|-
|[[1971 Indian general election|1971]]
|[[Govind Das Richharia]]
|-
|[[1977 Indian general election|1977]]
|[[Sushila Nayyar]]
|{{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}
|-
|[[1980 Indian general election|1980]]
|[[Vishwanath Sharma]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress |rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[1984 Indian general election|1984]]
|[[Sujan Singh Bundela]]

|-
|[[1989 Indian general election|1989]]
|rowspan="4" |[[Rajendra Agnihotri]]
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=4}}
|-
|[[1991 Indian general election|1991]]
|-
|[[1996 Indian general election|1996]]
|-
|[[1998 Indian general election|1998]]
|-
|[[1999 Indian general election|1999]]
|[[Sujan Singh Bundela]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[2004 Indian general election|2004]]
|[[Chandrapal Singh Yadav]]
|{{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|[[2009 Indian general election|2009]]
|[[Pradeep Jain Aditya]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[2014 Indian general election|2014]]
|[[Uma Bharati]]
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=3}}
|-
|[[2019 Indian general election|2019]]
|rowspan="2" |[[Anurag Sharma (politician)|Anurag Sharma]]
|-
|[[2024 Indian general election|2024]]
|}

==Election results==

===2024===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2024 Indian general election]]: [[Jhansi]]<ref name="2024 Loksabha Elections Results -Jhansi">{{cite news |title=2024 Loksabha Elections Results -Jhansi |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/PcResultGenJune2024/candidateswise-S2446.htm |access-date=22 March 2025 |work= |publisher=Election Commission of India |date=4 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250322145545/https://results.eci.gov.in/PcResultGenJune2024/candidateswise-S2446.htm |archive-date=22 March 2025 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Jhansi Constituency Lok Sabha Election Result 2024">{{cite news |title=Jhansi Constituency Lok Sabha Election Result 2024 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/lok-sabha-constituencies/uttar-pradesh/jhansi |access-date=22 March 2025 |publisher=The Times of India |date=4 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250322145707/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/lok-sabha-constituencies/uttar-pradesh/jhansi |archive-date=22 March 2025 |language=en}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link||candidate=[[Anurag Sharma (politician)|Anurag Sharma]]|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|votes=6,90,316|percentage=50.00|change={{down}}8.61}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[Pradeep Jain Aditya]]|party=Indian National Congress|votes=5,87,702 |percentage=42.57|change={{up}}36.33}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Ravi Prakash
|votes =63,192
|percentage = 4.58
|change ={{up}}4.58
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=None of the above|candidate=None of the above|votes=15,302|percentage=1.11|change={{down}}0.21}}
{{Election box majority||votes=1,02,614|percentage=7.43|change={{down}}19.06}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=13,80,506|percentage=63.88|change={{down}}3.80}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner =Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2019===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2019 Indian general elections]]: [[Jhansi]]}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link||party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=[[Anurag Sharma (politician)|Anurag Sharma]] |votes=8,09,272 |percentage=58.61 |change=+15.01}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Samajwadi Party|candidate=Shyam Sundar Singh Yadav|votes=4,43,589|percentage=32.12|change=+2.94}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Indian National Congress|candidate=Shiv Sharan Kushwaha|votes=86,139|percentage=6.24|change=-0.13}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=None of the above|candidate=[[None of the Above]]|votes=18,239|percentage=1.32|change=+0.26}}
{{Election box majority||votes=3,65,683|percentage=26.49|change=+12.07}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=13,81,130|percentage=67.68|change=-0.69}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing = +15.01
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2014 Lok Sabha===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2014 Indian general elections]]: [[Jhansi]]}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=[[Uma Bharati|Sadhvi Uma Sri Bharti]]|votes=5,75,889|percentage=43.60|change=+34.35}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[Chandrapal Singh Yadav|Dr. Chandrapal Singh Yadav]]|party=Samajwadi Party|votes=3,85,422|percentage=29.18|change=+13.86}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Anuradha Sharma|party=Bahujan Samaj Party|votes=2,13,792|percentage=16.19|change=-7.60}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[Pradeep Jain Aditya]]|party=Indian National Congress|votes=84,089|percentage=6.37|change=-22.95}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[None of the above|None of the Above]]|party=None of the above|votes=13,959|percentage=1.06|change=+1.06}}
{{Election box majority||votes=1,90,467|percentage=14.42|change=+8.88}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=13,20,867|percentage=68.37|change=+13.20}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser = Indian National Congress
|swing = +14.28
}}
{{Election box end}}

===1996 Lok Sabha===
{{Election box begin | title=[[1996 Indian general election]]: [[Jhansi]] }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Rajendra Agnihotri]]
|votes = 1,63,836
|percentage = 23.84
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Har Govind Kushwaha
|party = Samajwadi Party
|votes = 1,34,152
|percentage = 19.52
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Chhanga Prasad Sahu
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|votes = 1,30,281
|percentage = 18.95
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[Sujan Singh Bundela]]
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = 1,14,374
|percentage = 16.64
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 29,684
|percentage = 4.32
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 6,87,216
|percentage = 53.76
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===1977 Lok Sabha===
{{Election box begin | title=[[1977 Indian general election]]: [[Jhansi]] }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Janata Party
|candidate = [[Sushila Nayyar]]
|votes = 2,22,118
|percentage = 65.49
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[Govind Das Richharia]]
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = 91,633
|percentage = 27.02
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Ramesh Chandra Tripathi
|party = Independent (politician)
|votes = 13,882
|percentage = 4.09
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Jagdish Chandra Mehra
|party = Independent (politician)
|votes = 11,542
|percentage = 3.40
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 1,30,485
|percentage = 38.47
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 3,39,175
|percentage = 53.54
|change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Janata Party
|loser = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===1971 Lok Sabha===
* Govind Dass Richharia (INC) : 143,137 votes <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.elections.in/parliamentary-constituencies/1971-election-results.html|title = 1971 India General (5th Lok Sabha) Elections Results}}</ref>
* Sushila Nayar (NCO) : 68,566

==See also==
* [[Jhansi district]]
* [[List of constituencies of the Lok Sabha]]

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Lok Sabha constituencies of Uttar Pradesh}}
{{Jhansi division topics}}

{{Coord|25.45|78.56|display=title}}

[[Category:Lok Sabha constituencies in Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Jhansi district]]

Udaipur Lok Sabha constituency

2026-02-15T17:55:05Z

Evajzp:

{{Short description|Lok Sabha Constituency in Rajasthan}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2018}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Udaipur
| type = LS
| map_image = {{Maplink|frame=yes|plain=y|frame-width=300|frame-height=300|frame-align=center|type=shape|from=Lok Sabha constituencies/2019/Rajasthan/Udaipur.map}}
| map_caption = Interactive Map Outlining Udaipur Lok Sabha Constituency
| established = 1952
| reservation = ST
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| mp = [[Manna Lal Rawat]]
| latest_election_year = [[2024 Indian general elections|2024]]
| state = [[Rajasthan]]
| assembly_cons = [[Gogunda (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Gogunda]] [[Jhadol (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Jhadol]] [[Kherwara (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Kherwara]] [[Udaipur Rural (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Udaipur Rural]] [[Udaipur (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Udaipur]] [[Salumber (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Salumber]] [[Dhariawad (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Dhariawad]] [[Aspur (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Aspur]]
}}
'''Udaipur Lok Sabha constituency''' ({{IPA|hi|ʊd̪əj.pʊɾ}}) one of the 25 [[Lok Sabha]] (parliamentary) constituencies in the [[Rajasthan]] state in [[India]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/archive/handbook/CANDIDATES/cap1/cap1_1.htm|title=Number of Lok Sabha Constituencies per state }}</ref>

==Assembly segments==
Presently, Udaipur Lok Sabha constituency comprises eight [[Vidhan Sabha]] (legislative assembly) segments. These are:<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ceorajasthan.nic.in/PC-ACWISE-ELECTORS.pdf|title=Parliamentary & Assembly Constituencies wise Polling Stations & Electors|publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Rajasthan website}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.udaipur.rajasthan.gov.in/content/raj/udaipur/en/about-udaipur/constituencies.html|title=Assembly Constituencies|access-date=20 August 2015|archive-date=21 August 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150821060221/http://udaipur.rajasthan.gov.in/content/raj/udaipur/en/about-udaipur/constituencies.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
!#
!Name
!District
!Member
! colspan="2" |Party
! colspan="2" |2024 Lead
|-
|149
|[[Gogunda (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Gogunda]] (ST)
| rowspan="6" |[[Udaipur district|Udaipur]]
|[[Pratap Lal Bheel]]
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
|150
|[[Jhadol (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Jhadol]] (ST)
|Babulal Kharadi
|-
|151
|[[Kherwara (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Kherwara]] (ST)
|[[Dayaram Parmar]]
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|152
|[[Udaipur Rural (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Udaipur Rural]] (ST)
|[[Phool Singh Meena]]
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=3}}
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=4}}
|-
|153
|[[Udaipur (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Udaipur]]
|Tarachand Jain
|-
|156
|[[Salumber (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Salumber]] (ST)
|[[Shanta Amrit Lal Meena]]
|-
|157
|[[Dhariawad (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Dhariawad]] (ST)
|[[Pratapgarh district, Rajasthan|Pratapgarh]]
|[[Thavar Chand Meena|Thavar Chand]]
|{{party name with color|Bharat Adivasi Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
|159
|[[Aspur (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Aspur]] (ST)
|[[Dungarpur district|Dungarpur]]
|[[Umesh Meena]]
|{{party name with color|Bharat Adivasi Party}}
|-
|}

==Members of Parliament==
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Member
! colspan="2" |Party
|-
|[[1951–52 Indian general election|1952]]
|[[Balwant Singh Mehta]]
| rowspan="4" style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
| rowspan="4" |[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|[[1957 Indian general election|1957]]
|Deenbandhu Parmar
|-
|[[1962 Indian general election|1962]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Dhuleshwar Meena]]
|-
|[[1967 Indian general election|1967]]
|-
|[[1971 Indian general election|1971]]
|[[Laljibhai Meena]]
|style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Jana Sangh}}" |
|[[Bharatiya Jana Sangh]]
|-
|[[1977 Indian general election|1977]]
|[[Bhanu Kumar Shastri]]
|style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Lok Dal}}" |
|[[Bharatiya Lok Dal]]
|-
|[[1980 Indian general election|1980]]
|[[Mohan Lal Sukhadia]]
|style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|[[1984 Indian general election|1984]]
|[[Indubala Sukhadia]]
|style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|[[1989 Indian general election|1989]]
|[[Gulab Chand Kataria]]
|style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|[[1991 Indian general election|1991]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Girija Vyas]]
| rowspan="2" style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
| rowspan="2" |[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|[[1996 Indian general election|1996]]
|-
|[[1998 Indian general election|1998]]
|[[Shanti Lal Chaplot]]
|style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|[[1999 Indian general election|1999]]
|[[Girija Vyas]]
|style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|[[2004 Indian general election|2004]]
|[[Kiran Maheshwari]]
|style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|[[2009 Indian general election|2009]]
|[[Raghuveer Meena]]
|style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|[[2014 Indian general election|2014]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Arjunlal Meena]]
| rowspan="3" style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
| rowspan="3" |[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|[[2019 Indian general election|2019]]
|-
|[[2024 Indian general election|2024]]
|[[Manna Lal Rawat]]
|}

==Election results==
===2024===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2024 Indian general election]]: [[Udaipur]]}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[Manna Lal Rawat]]|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|votes=7,38,286|percentage=49.27|change={{decrease}}9.65}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Tarachand Meena|party=Indian National Congress|votes=4,76,678|percentage=31.81|change={{increase}}2}}{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Prakash Chand|party=Bharat Adivasi Party|votes=2,17,138|percentage=14.49|change=''new''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Dalpat Ram Garasia|party=Bahujan Samaj Party|votes=14,460|percentage=0.97|change={{no change}}}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=None of the above (India)|candidate=NOTA|votes=22,948|percentage=1.53|change={{decrease}}0.41}}{{Election box majority||votes=2,61,608|percentage=17.45|change=}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=14,98,376|percentage=66.66|change=}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2019===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2019 Indian general elections]]: [[Udaipur]]}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Arjunlal Meena]]
|votes = 8,71,548
|percentage = 59.92
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = [[Raghuveer Meena]]
|votes = 4,33,631
|percentage = 29.81
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Tribal Party
|candidate = Birdhi Lal Chhanwal
|votes = 51,643
|percentage = 3.55
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the Above]]
|votes = 28,179
|percentage = 1.94
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Communist Party of India|candidate= Khan Shyam Thavad|votes=18,386|percentage=1.26|change=}}
{{Election box margin of victory|
|votes = 4,37,914
|percentage = 30.11
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 14,55,417
|percentage = 70.32
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2014 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2014 Indian general elections]]: Udaipur<ref>{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/archiveofge2014/33%20-%20Constituency%20wise%20detailed%20result.pdf|title=2014 Lok Sabha Election Results - Udaipur constituency}}</ref>}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Arjunlal Meena]]
|votes = 6,60,373
|percentage = 55.34
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = [[Raghuveer Meena]]
|votes =4,23,611
|percentage = 35.50
|change =
}}

{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation
|candidate = Meghraj Tawar
|votes = 33,743
|percentage = 2.83
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = None of the above
|candidate = None of the above
|votes = 26,685
|percentage = 2.24
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Laxman Bhil
|votes = 20,690
|percentage = 1.73
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bahujan Mukti Party
|candidate = Prabhu Lal Meena
|votes = 4,529
|percentage = 0.38
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 2,36,762
|percentage = 19.84
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 11,93,815
|percentage = 65.67
|change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===General election 2009===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2009 Indian general elections]]: [[Udaipur]]}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = [[Raghuveer Meena]]
|votes =4,11,510
|percentage = 54.26
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Mahaveer Bhagora
|votes = 2,46,585
|percentage = 32.51
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Communist Party of India
|candidate = Meghraj Tawar
|votes = 27,324
|percentage = 3.60
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party =Samajwadi Party
|candidate = Shakuntala Dhanka
|votes = 20,441
|percentage = 2.70
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 1,64,925
|percentage =21.75
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes =7,58,447
|percentage = 48.49
|change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
| loser = Bharatiya Janata Party
|winner = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}<ref>{{cite web |title=2014 Lok Sabha members from Rajasthan |url=http://www.rajassembly.nic.in/loksabha.htm}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Udaipur district]]
* [[List of constituencies of the Lok Sabha]]

==Notes==
{{reflist}}

{{Lok Sabha constituencies of Rajasthan}}

{{coord|24.6|73.7|display=title}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Udaipur (Lok Sabha Constituency)}}
[[Category:Lok Sabha constituencies in Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Udaipur district]]

Simhavarman II

2026-02-13T02:45:40Z

Evajzp: put up a stub needs work

{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2019}}
{{Infobox monarch
|name = Simhavarman II
|reign = 436 - 477 AD
|coronation = 436 AD
|title =
|religion = [[Buddhism]]
|predecessor = Skandavarman III
|successor = Skandavarman IV
|issue= Skandavarman IV
|royal house = [[Pallava dynasty]]
|father = Skandavarman III
}}

'''Simhavarman II''' was a ruler of the [[Pallava Dynasty]] of Kanchipuram.

==Biography==
Simhavarman II was the son of Skandavarman III. Simhavarman II was a Buddhist unlike most other Pallava Kings who were predominantly orthodox Hindus.<ref name="AV Williams Jackson">{{cite book | author=Vincent A. Smith | title=Volume 2 – From the Sixth Century B.C. to the Mohammedan Conquest, Including the Invasion of Alexander the Great | url=http://www.ibiblio.org/britishraj/Jackson2/chapter16.html | access-date=6 November 2012 | year=1906 | page=383}}</ref>

==Date of Ascension==
Rishi Simhasuri or Simhasura made a translation of Lokavibhaga, apparently from the Prakrit into Sanskrit. The work is said to have been finally copied some considerable time before the date of the copy (pura) by Muni Sarvanandin in the village named Patalika (Tiruppadiripuliyur; Cuddalore New Town) in 25 the Panarashtra (Bana country); then follows the date of the completion of this task. It was in the year 22 of Simhavarman, the Lord of Kanchi, and in the year 80 past 300 of the Saka year; in other words Saka 380 (458 CE).

{{S-start}}
{{S-hou|Pallava dynasty}}
{{S-bef|before=Skandavarman III}}
{{S-ttl|title=[[Pallava dynasty#Early Pallavas|Pallava King]]
|years=4th Century AD}}
{{S-aft|after=Skandavarman IV}}
{{s-end}}

==See also==
* [[Pallava Dynasty]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.historyfiles.co.uk/KingListsFarEast/IndiaPallavas.htm Far East Kingdoms: The Pallavas of India]

[[Category:Pallava kings]]

49th Filmfare Awards

2026-02-12T15:20:01Z

Evajzp:

{{Short description|2004 awards for Hindi cinema}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2018}}
{{Infobox film awards
| number = 49
| award = Filmfare Awards
| website = {{URL|http://www.filmfare.com}}
| image =
| caption =
| date = 20 February 2004
| site = Mumbai
| host = [[Shah Rukh Khan|Shahrukh Khan]] [[Saif Ali Khan]] [[Archana Puran Singh]]
| producer =
| director =
| best_film = ''[[Koi... Mil Gaya]]''
| best_critic = ''[[Munna Bhai M.B.B.S.]]''
| most_wins = ''[[Kal Ho Naa Ho]]'' (8)
| most_nominations = ''Kal Ho Naa Ho'' (14)
| network = [[Sony Entertainment Television (India)]]
| duration =
| ratings =
| last = 48th
| next = 50th
}}

The '''49th Filmfare Awards''' took place on 20 February 2004 in [[Mumbai]].

The ceremony was hosted by [[Shah Rukh Khan|Shahrukh Khan]], [[Saif Ali Khan]] and [[Archana Puran Singh]]. This edition of the event was sponsored by Indian conglomerate [[Manikchand Group]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Filmfare Awards Winners From 1953 to 2019 |url=https://www.filmfare.com/awards/filmfare-awards/winners |access-date=14 February 2020 |work=filmfare.com |language=en}}</ref>

''[[Kal Ho Naa Ho]]'' led the ceremony with 14 nominations, followed by ''[[Koi... Mil Gaya ]]''with 10 nominations and ''[[Munna Bhai M.B.B.S.]]'' and ''[[Tere Naam]]'' with 8 nominations each.

''Kal Ho Naa Ho'' earned 8 awards, including [[Filmfare Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]] (for [[Preity Zinta]]), [[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor|Best Supporting Actor]] (for [[Saif Ali Khan]]) and [[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress|Best Supporting Actress]] (for [[Jaya Bachchan]]), thus becoming the most-awarded film at the ceremony.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/event/ev0000245/2004/1/|title=49th Filmfare Awards winner|access-date=29 June 2020}}</ref>

Preity Zinta received dual nominations for Best Actress for her performances in ''Kal Ho Naa Ho'' and ''Koi... Mil Gaya'', winning for the former, her first and only win in the category.

==Main Awards==
[[File:Rakesh Roshan.jpg|thumb|upright=0.68|[[Rakesh Roshan]], Best Director winner]]
[[File:HrithikRoshan29.jpg|alt=|thumb|upright=0.68|[[Hrithik Roshan]], Best Actor winner]]
[[File:PreityZinta.jpg|alt=|thumb|upright=0.68|[[Preity Zinta]], Best Actress winner]]
[[File:Saif at Chef event.jpg|alt=|thumb|upright=0.68|[[Saif Ali Khan]], Best Supporting Actor winner]]
[[File:Jaya Bachchan still16 (cropped).jpg|alt=|thumb|upright=0.68|[[Jaya Bachchan]], Best Supporting Actress winner]]
{{multiple image
| align = right
| direction = vertical
| footer = [[B. R. Chopra]], [[Sulochana Latkar]] and [[Nirupa Roy]], Lifetime Achievement Awardees
| image1 = B.R.Chopra.jpg
| width1 = 148
| image2 = Sulochana Latkar (May 2011).jpg
| width2 = 148
| image3 =
| width3 = 148

}}

=== Main Awards ===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! style="background:#EEDD82; width:50%;"|[[Filmfare Award for Best Film|Best Film]]
! style="background:#EEDD82; width:50%;"|[[Filmfare Award for Best Director|Best Director]]
|-
| valign="top" |
*''' ''[[Koi... Mil Gaya ]]'''''
**''[[Baghban (2003 film)|Baghban]]''
**''[[Kal Ho Naa Ho]]''
**''[[Munna Bhai M.B.B.S.]]''
**''[[Tere Naam]]''
| valign="top" |
*''' ''[[Rakesh Roshan]] – [[Koi... Mil Gaya]]'' '''
**''[[J. P. Dutta]] – [[LOC: Kargil]]''
**''[[Nikhil Advani]] – [[Kal Ho Naa Ho]]''
**''[[Rajkumar Hirani]] – [[Munna Bhai M.B.B.S.]]''
**''[[Ram Gopal Verma]] – [[Bhoot (film)|Bhoot]]''
**''[[Satish Kaushik]] – [[Tere Naam]]''
|-
! style="background:#EEDD82;"| [[Filmfare Award for Best Actor|Best Actor]]
! style="background:#EEDD82;"| [[Filmfare Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]]
|-
| valign="top" |
*''' ''[[Hrithik Roshan]] – [[Koi... Mil Gaya]] as Rohit Mehra'''''
**''[[Ajay Devgan]] – [[Gangaajal]] as Amit Kumaar''
**''[[Amitabh Bachchan]] – [[Baghban (2003 film)|Baghban]] as Raj Malhotra''
**''[[Salman Khan]] – [[Tere Naam]] as Radhe Mohan''
**''[[Shah Rukh Khan]] – [[Kal Ho Naa Ho]] as Aman Mathur''
| valign="top" |
*''' ''[[Preity Zinta]] – [[Kal Ho Naa Ho]] as Naina Catherine Kapur'''''
**''[[Bhumika Chawla]] – [[Tere Naam]] as Nirjara Bharadwaj''
**''[[Hema Malini]] – [[Baghban (2003 film)|Baghban]] as Pooja Malhotra''
**''Preity Zinta – [[Koi... Mil Gaya]] as Nisha''
**''[[Rani Mukherjee]] – [[Chalte Chalte (2003 film)|Chalte Chalte]] as Priya Chopra''
**''[[Urmila Matondkar]] – [[Bhoot (film)|Bhoot]] as Swati''
|-
! style="background:#EEDD82;"| [[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor|Best Supporting Actor]]
! style="background:#EEDD82;"| [[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress|Best Supporting Actress]]
|-
| valign="top"|
*''' ''[[Saif Ali Khan]] – [[Kal Ho Naa Ho]] as Rohit Patel'''''
**''[[Abhishek Bachchan]] – [[Main Prem Ki Diwani Hoon]] as Prem Kumar''
**''[[Arshad Warsi]] – [[Munna Bhai M.B.B.S.]] as Circuit''
**''[[Manoj Bajpai]] – [[LOC: Kargil]] as Grenadier Yogender Singh Yadav''
**''[[Salman Khan]] – [[Baghban (2003 film)|Baghban]] as Alok Raj''
| valign="top"|
*''' ''[[Jaya Bachchan]] – [[Kal Ho Naa Ho]] as Jennifer Kapur'''''
**''[[Priyanka Chopra]] – [[Andaaz (2003 film)|Andaaz]] as Jia''
**''[[Rekha]] – [[Koi... Mil Gaya]] as Sonia Mehra''
**''[[Shabana Azmi]] – [[Tehzeeb (2003 film)|Tehzeeb]] as Rukhsana Jamal''
**''[[Shenaz Treasurywala]] – [[Ishq Vishk]] as Alisha Sahay''
|-
! style="background:#EEDD82;"| [[Filmfare Award for Best Performance in a Comic Role|Best Comic Role]]
! style="background:#EEDD82;"| [[Filmfare Award for Best Performance in a Negative Role|Best Negative Role]]
|-
| valign="top"|
*''' ''[[Sanjay Dutt]] – [[Munna Bhai M.B.B.S.]] as Murli Prasad Sharma "Munna Bhai"'''''
**''[[Boman Irani]] – Munna Bhai M.B.B.S. as Dr. J. C. Asthana''
**''[[Johnny Lever]] – [[Koi... Mil Gaya]] as Chellaram Sukhwani''
**''[[Paresh Rawal]] – [[Fun2shh... Dudes in the 10th Century|Fun2shh]] as John D'Souza''
**''Paresh Rawal – [[Hungama (2003 film)|Hungama]] as Radheshyam Tiwari''
**''[[Rajpal Yadav]] – [[Kal Ho Naa Ho]] as Guru''
| valign="top"|
*''' ''[[Irrfan Khan]] – [[Haasil (film)|Haasil]] as Rannvijay Singh'''''
**''[[Bipasha Basu]] – [[Jism (2003 film)|Jism]] as Sonia Khanna''
**''[[Feroz Khan (actor, born 1939)|Feroz Khan]] – [[Janasheen]] as Saba Karim Shah''
**''[[Preity Zinta]] – [[Armaan (2003 film)|Armaan]] as Sonia Kapoor''
**''[[Yashpal Sharma (actor)|Yashpal Sharma]] – [[Gangaajal]] as Sunder Yadav''
|-
! style="background:#EEDD82;"| [[Filmfare Award for Best Male Debut|Best Male Debut]]
! style="background:#EEDD82;"| [[Filmfare Award for Best Female Debut|Best Female Debut]]
|-
| valign="top"|
* '''''[[Shahid Kapoor]] – [[Ishq Vishk]]'' '''
| valign="top"|
* '''''[[Lara Dutta]] &'' ''[[Priyanka Chopra]] – [[Andaaz (2003 film)|Andaaz]]'' '''
|-
! style="background:#EEDD82;"| [[Filmfare Award for Best Music Director|Best Music Director]]
! style="background:#EEDD82;"| [[Filmfare Award for Best Lyricist|Best Lyricist]]
|-
|valign="top"|
*''' ''[[Kal Ho Naa Ho]] – [[Shankar–Ehsaan–Loy]]'' '''
**''[[Chalte Chalte (2003 film)|Chalte Chalte]] – [[Jatin–Lalit]]''
**''[[Koi... Mil Gaya]] – [[Rajesh Roshan]]''
**''[[LOC: Kargil]] – [[Anu Malik]]''
**''[[Tere Naam]] – [[Himesh Reshammiya]]''
| valign="top"|
*''' ''[[Kal Ho Naa Ho]] – [[Javed Akhtar]] – Kal Ho Naa Ho'' '''
**''[[Andaaz (2003 film)|Andaaz]] – [[Sameer (lyricist)|Sameer]] – Kisi Se Tum Pyaar Karo''
**''[[Chalte Chalte (2003 film)|Chalte Chalte]] – Javed Akhtar – Tauba Tumhare Yeh Ishaare''
**''[[LOC: Kargil]] – Javed Akhtar – Ek Saathi Aur Bhi Tha''
**''[[Tere Naam]] – Sameer – Tere Naam''
|-
! style="background:#EEDD82;"| [[Filmfare Award for Best Male Playback Singer|Best Playback Singer – Male]]
! style="background:#EEDD82;"| [[Filmfare Award for Best Female Playback Singer|Best Playback Singer – Female]]
|-
| valign="top"|
*''' ''[[Kal Ho Naa Ho]] – [[Sonu Nigam]] – Kal Ho Naa Ho'' '''
**''[[Andaaz (2003 film)|Andaaz]] – [[Kumar Sanu]] – Kisi Se Tum Pyaar Karo''
**''[[Chalte Chalte (2003 film)|Chalte Chalte]] – [[Abhijeet Bhattacharya|Abhijeet]] – Suno Na Suno Na''
**''[[Koi... Mil Gaya]] – [[Udit Narayan]] – Idhar Chala''
**''[[Tere Naam]] – Udit Narayan – Tere Naam''
| valign="top"|
*''' ''[[Jism (2003 film)|Jism]] – [[Shreya Ghoshal]] – Jadoo Hai Nasha Hai'' '''
**''[[Chalte Chalte (2003 film)|Chalte Chalte]] – [[Alka Yagnik]] – Tauba Tumhare Yeh Ishaare''
**''[[Ishq Vishk]] – [[Alisha Chinai]] – Chot Dil Pe Lagi''
**''[[Kal Ho Naa Ho]] – Alka Yagnik – Kal Ho Naa Ho (Sad Version)''
**''[[Koi... Mil Gaya]] – [[K. S. Chithra]] – Koi Mil Gaya''
**''[[Tere Naam]] – Alka Yagnik – Odhni''
|-
|}

===Technical Awards===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! style="vertical-align:top; width:50%;" | [[Filmfare Award for Best Story|Best Story]]
! style="vertical-align:top; width:50%;" | [[Filmfare Award for Best Screenplay|Best Screenplay]]
|-
|
*''' ''[[3 Deewarein]] – [[Nagesh Kukunoor]]'' '''
|
*''' ''[[Munna Bhai M.B.B.S.]] – [[Vidhu Vinod Chopra]], [[Rajkumar Hirani]] and Lajan Joseph'' '''
|-
! style="vertical-align:top; width:50%;"| [[Filmfare Award for Best Dialogue|Best Dialogue]]
! style="vertical-align:top; width:50%;"| Scene of the Year
|-
|
*''' ''[[Munna Bhai M.B.B.S.]] – [[Abbas Tyrewala]]'' '''
|
*''' ''[[Karan Johar]] – [[Kal Ho Naa Ho]]''''' '''''(The Diary Scene)'''''
|-
! style="vertical-align:top; width:50%;"| [[Filmfare Award for Best Action|Best Action]]
! style="vertical-align:top; width:50%;"| [[Filmfare Award for Best Choreography|Best Choreography]]
|-
|
*''' ''[[Qayamat: City Under Threat]] – [[Allan Amin]]'' '''
|
*''' ''[[Koi... Mil Gaya]] – [[Farah Khan]] – "Idhar Chala''"'''
|-
! style="vertical-align:top; width:50%;"| [[Filmfare Award for Best Cinematography|Best Cinematography]]
! style="vertical-align:top; width:50%;"| [[Filmfare Award for Best Art Direction|Best Art Direction]]
|-
|
* ''' ''[[Pinjar (film)|Pinjar]] – Muneesh Sappel'' '''
|
* ''' ''[[Chameli (film)|Chameli]] – Aseem Bajaj'' '''
|-
! style="vertical-align:top; width:50%;"| [[Filmfare Award for Best Background Score|Best Background Score]]
! style="vertical-align:top; width:50%;"| [[Filmfare Award for Best Editing|Best Editing]]
|-
|
*''' ''[[Gangaajal]] – Wayne Sharpe'' '''
|
* ''' ''[[Bhoot (film)|Bhoot]] – [[Shimit Amin]]'' '''
|-
! style="vertical-align:top; width:50%;"| [[Filmfare Award for Best Sound|Best Sound]]
|-
|
*''' ''[[Bhoot (film)|Bhoot]] – Dwarak Warrier'' '''
|}

====Special awards====
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan=2; style="text-align: left;" |[[Filmfare Special Award]]
|-
|colspan=2|
*''' ''[[Kareena Kapoor]] – [[Chameli (film)|Chameli]]'' '''
|-
!colspan=2; style="text-align: left;" | [[Filmfare Lifetime Achievement Award|Lifetime Achievement Award]]
|-
|colspan=3|
*'''[[Baldev Raj Chopra]]'''
*'''[[Nirupa Roy]]'''
* '''[[Sulochana Latkar]]'''
|-
!colspan=2; style="text-align: left;" | [[Filmfare RD Burman Award for New Music Talent|RD Burman Award]]
|-
|colspan=2|
* ''' ''[[Vishal–Shekhar]] – [[Jhankaar Beats]]'' '''
|-
!colspan=2; style="text-align: left;" | Motolook Of The Year
|-
| colspan=3|
*''' ''[[Saif Ali Khan]] – [[Kal Ho Naa Ho]]'' '''
|-
!colspan=2; style="text-align: left;" | Power Award
|-
| colspan=3|
*''' ''[[Amitabh Bachchan]] & [[Shah Rukh Khan]]'' '''
|-
|}

=== Critics' awards ===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! style="background:#EEDD82; width:50%;" |[[Filmfare Critics Award for Best Film|Best Film (Best Director)]]
|-
|
*'''''[[Munna Bhai M.B.B.S.]]'' – [[Rajkumar Hirani]]'''
|-
! style="background:#EEDD82; width:50%;"| [[Filmfare Critics Award for Best Actor|Best Actor]]
! style="background:#EEDD82; width:50%;" | [[Filmfare Critics Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]]
|-
|
*'''[[Hrithik Roshan]] – ''[[Koi... Mil Gaya]]'' as Rohit Mehra'''
|
*'''[[Urmila Matondkar]] – ''[[Bhoot (film)|Bhoot]]'' as Swati'''
|-
|}

==Biggest Winners & Nominees==
*''[[Kal Ho Naa Ho]] – 8/14''
*''[[Koi... Mil Gaya]] – 4/10''
*''[[Munna Bhai M.B.B.S.]] – 4/8''
*''[[Bhoot (film)|Bhoot]] – 3/4''
*''[[Andaaz (2003 film)|Andaaz]] – 2/5''
*[[Jism (2003 film)|''Jism'']] – ''1/3''
*''[[3 Deewarein]] – 1/1''
*''[[Chameli (film)|Chameli]] – 1/1''
*''[[Pinjar (film)|Pinjar]] – 1/1''
*''[[Gangaajal]] – 1/3''
*''[[Ishq Vishk]] 1/3''
*''[[Haasil (film)|Haasil]] – 1/1''
*''[[Qayamat: City Under Threat]] – 1/1''
*''[[Baghban (2003 film)|Baghban]] – 0/4''
*''[[LOC: Kargil]] – 0/4''
*''[[Chalte Chalte (2003 film)|Chalte Chalte]] – 0/5''
*''[[Tere Naam]] – 0/8''

==See also==

* [[Filmfare Awards]]
* [[50th Filmfare Awards]]
* [[List of highest-grossing Bollywood films]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://www.imdb.com/event/ev0000245/2004/ Filmfare Awards at IMDb]

{{Filmfare Awards}}

[[Category:Filmfare Awards by year]]
[[Category:2004 Indian film awards]]

[[fr:Filmfare Awards 2008]]

Mohan Bhagwat

2026-02-08T22:03:12Z

Evajzp: small changes

{{Short description|Leader of RSS (born 1950)}}
{{pp-extended|small=yes}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2019}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Mohan Bhagwat
| native_name =
| image = Dr._mohan_rao_Bhagwat1.jpg
| caption = Bhagwat at an [[Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh|RSS]] event
| office = 6th [[Sarsanghchalak]] of the [[Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh]]
| predecessor = [[K. S. Sudarshan]]
| successor = incumbent
| term_start = 21 March 2009
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1950|09|11|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Chandrapur]], [[Madhya Pradesh]] (present-day [[Maharashtra]]), India<ref name=toi_21_3_09/>
| relations = [[Madhukar Rao Bhagwat]] (father) 
Malati (mother)
| alma_mater = [[Nagpur Veterinary College]] ([[B.V.Sc.]])
| occupation = [[Sarsanghchalak]], [[Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh|RSS]]
| office1 = [[Sarkaryavah]] of the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh
| termend1 = 21 March 2009
| termstart1 = {{Circa|2000}}
| predecessor1 = H. V. Seshadri
| successor1 = [[Suresh Joshi (RSS)|Suresh Joshi]]
}}

'''Mohan Madhukar Bhagwat''' ({{IPA|mr|moːɦən mədʱukəɾ bʱaːɡʋət̪|ipa}}; born 11 September 1950) is the sixth and current ''[[Sarsanghchalak]]'' (Chief) of the [[Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh]] (RSS), a [[Right-wing politics|right-wing]] [[Hindutva]] [[paramilitary]] organisation, since 2009.

==Early life==
Mohan Madhukar Bhagwat was born in a [[Marathi people|Marathi Karhade Brahmin]] family in [[Chandrapur]], then in the state of undivided [[Madhya Pradesh]] in present-day [[Maharashtra]].<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7jRWAAAAYAAJ|title=India Today, Volume 34, Issues 9-17|publisher=Thomson Living Media India Limited|year=2009|page=21|quote=Born on September 11, 1950, in a Daivdanya Brahmin family in Chandrapur, Maharashtra, he began his career as a veterinary officer. His father, Madhukar Rao Bhagwat, was a close associate of Hedgewar and M.S. Golwalkar}}</ref><ref name="toi_21_3_09" /><ref>{{cite web|author=Naqvi|first=Saba|date=26 November 2012|title=A Thread That Holds|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/magazine/story/a-thread-that-holds/283005|access-date=23 November 2018|website=[[Outlook (Indian magazine)|Outlook]]|archive-date=24 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180924190207/https://www.outlookindia.com/magazine/story/a-thread-that-holds/283005|url-status=live}}</ref> He comes from a family of [[Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh|RSS]] activists.<ref name="toi_21_3_09">{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/delhi-news/mohan-bhagwat-a-vet-rss-pracharak-for-over-30-years/story-InbGPrjapapK3lOeP62dLO.html|title=Mohan Bhagwat: A vet, RSS pracharak for over 30 years|author=IANS|website=[[Hindustan Times]]|date=21 March 2009|access-date=16 April 2018|author-link=Indo-Asian News Service|archive-date=17 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180417023522/https://www.hindustantimes.com/delhi-news/mohan-bhagwat-a-vet-rss-pracharak-for-over-30-years/story-InbGPrjapapK3lOeP62dLO.html|url-status=live}}</ref> His father [[Madhukar Rao Bhagwat]] was the ''Karyavah'' (secretary) for the Chandrapur zone and later a ''Prant Pracharak'' (provincial promoter) for [[Gujarat]].<ref name=toi_21_3_09/> His mother Malati was a member of the [[Rashtra Sevika Samiti|RSS Women's Wing]].<ref>{{cite news|author=Dahat|first=Pavan|date=29 April 2017|title=Who is Mohan Bhagwat?|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/who-is-mohan-bhagwat/article18311643.ece|access-date=23 November 2018|archive-date=20 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200420093517/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/who-is-mohan-bhagwat/article18311643.ece|url-status=live}}</ref>

Bhagwat completed his schooling from Lokmanya Tilak Vidyalaya and then the first year of his [[Bachelor of Science|B.Sc.]] from the Janata College in [[Chandrapur]]. He graduated in [[Veterinary Science]]s and [[Animal Husbandry]] from [[Nagpur Veterinary College|Government Veterinary College]], [[Nagpur]]. He dropped out of his postgraduate course in Veterinary Sciences and became a ''[[Pracharak]]'' (full-time promoter/worker) of the RSS towards the end of 1975.<ref name=toi_21_3_09/>

==Association with the RSS==
After working underground during the [[The Emergency (India)|Emergency]], Bhagwat became the ''Pracharak'' of [[Akola]] in Maharashtra in 1977 and rose within the organisation responsible for [[Nagpur]] and [[Vidarbha]] regions.<ref name=toi_21_3_09/>

Following the tenure of H. V. Seshadri as the ''[[Sarkaryavah]]'' (General Secretary), Bhagwat held the office from 2000 to 2009. Bhagwat was chosen as the ''[[Sarsanghchalak]]'' (Chief) of the RSS on 21 March 2009. He is one of the youngest leaders to head the [[Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh]] after [[K. B. Hedgewar]] and [[M. S. Golwalkar]].<ref name=toi_21_3_09/>

In 2017, Bhagwat became the first RSS Chief to be officially invited to the [[Rashtrapati Bhavan, New Delhi|Rashtrapati Bhawan]] by then President [[Pranab Mukherjee]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Singh|first=Sanjay|date=16 June 2017|title=Mohan Bhagwat's presidential lunch reaffirms rise of RSS; no second term for Pranab Mukherjee|work=Firstpost|url=https://www.firstpost.com/politics/mohan-bhagwats-presidential-lunch-reaffirms-rise-of-rss-no-second-term-for-pranab-mukherjee-3699343.html|access-date=25 August 2020|archive-date=2 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200102223956/https://www.firstpost.com/politics/mohan-bhagwats-presidential-lunch-reaffirms-rise-of-rss-no-second-term-for-pranab-mukherjee-3699343.html|url-status=live}}</ref> In September 2018, Mohan Bhagwat presided over a three-day session at [[Vigyan Bhawan]] in Delhi as part of outreach to a wider public, where he said that RSS has discarded some parts of [[M. S. Golwalkar]]'s ''Bunch of Thoughts'' which were no longer relevant to the current circumstances.<ref>{{cite news |title=Mohan Bhagwat: RSS has discarded chunks of Golwalkar's thoughts |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/rss-has-discarded-chunks-of-golwalkars-thoughts-mohan-bhagwat/articleshow/65879084.cms |access-date=7 February 2021 |work=The Times of India |date=20 September 2018 |language=en |archive-date=13 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190813174357/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/rss-has-discarded-chunks-of-golwalkars-thoughts-mohan-bhagwat/articleshow/65879084.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Ideology and views==
In a rally in Madhya Pradesh in February 2017, Bhagwat asserted "Everyone born in the country is a Hindu – of these some are idol-worshipers and some are not. Even Muslims are Hindus by nationality, they are Muslims by faith only."<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Pal |first=Rajesh |date=14 February 2018 |title=5 Times Mohan Bhagwat, RSS Supremo, Stirred Controversy |url=https://www.thequint.com/news/india/rss-chief-mohan-bhagwat-army-women-controversial-statements |website=[[The Quint]]}}</ref> Some months later, Bhagwat reaffirmed this, stating that Hinduism was the only true religion in the world, and that all other religions were merely sects that had originated from Hinduism.<ref>{{Cite news|date=11 September 2017|first=Kautilya|last=Singh|title=Hinduism only true religion in world, those who want to return to its fold are welcome: Mohan Bhagwat|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/dehradun/hinduism-only-true-religion-in-world-those-who-want-to-return-to-its-fold-are-welcome-mohan-bhagwat/articleshow/60467050.cms|access-date=21 November 2020|work=The Times of India|language=en|archive-date=25 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210725103213/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/dehradun/hinduism-only-true-religion-in-world-those-who-want-to-return-to-its-fold-are-welcome-mohan-bhagwat/articleshow/60467050.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> Bhagwat has also frequently shown his belief in [[Love jihad conspiracy theory|love jihad]], an [[Islamophobia|Islamophobic]] [[conspiracy theory]] promoted by supporters of [[Hindutva]], which alleges that Muslim men target Hindu women through means such as seduction, deception, kidnapping, and marriage, as part of a "demographic war" and a broader global conspiracy.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Narayanan |first=Dinesh |date=26 February 2015 |title=Why Mohan Bhagwat’s Recent Statements are a testament to the RSS’s core ideology |url=https://caravanmagazine.in/vantage/why-mohan-bhagwats-recent-statements-are-testament-rsss-core-ideology |website=[[The Caravan (magazine)|The Caravan]]}}</ref>

In 2019, he stated that the Sangh is not confined to any singular ideology or ideologue. He asserted that while the core principle of the RSS is the belief that India is a Hindu Rashtra—a concept considered non-negotiable by the organisation—it should not be categorised under any specific ideological framework, including that articulated in [[M. S. Golwalkar]]’s ''Bunch of Thoughts''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=RSS Can't Be Bracketed Into Any Ideology, Says Chief Mohan Bhagwat |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/rss-cant-be-bracketed-into-any-ideology-says-chief-mohan-bhagwat-2110505 |access-date=2025-03-16 |website=www.ndtv.com |language=en}}</ref>

In November 2021, Mohan Bhagwat publicly expressed his [[Opposition to the partition of India|opposition to the Partition of India]] and voiced his support for the [[Indian reunification|reunification of the Indian subcontinent]]. He stated, "The only solution to the pain of [[Partition of India|Partition]] lies in undoing it," thereby advocating for the reversal of the territorial division that occurred in 1947.<ref>{{cite web |title=Solution to pain of Partition is undoing it: Mohan Bhagwat |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/delhi/solution-to-pain-of-partition-is-undoing-it-mohan-bhagwat-7641842 |website=[[The Indian Express]] |access-date=9 December 2021 |date=26 November 2021 |archive-date=9 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211209061114/https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/delhi/solution-to-pain-of-partition-is-undoing-it-mohan-bhagwat-7641842/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Naqvi |first1=Jawed |title=The fuss about 'reunification' |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1661097 |website=[[Dawn (newspaper)|Dawn]] |access-date=9 December 2021 |date=30 November 2021 |archive-date=9 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211209061111/https://www.dawn.com/news/1661097 |url-status=live }}</ref>

In January 2025, Bhagwat said that India got its "true independence" with consecration of [[Ram Mandir|Ram Temple]] in [[Ayodhya]], on the site of the five-century-old [[Babri Masjid|Babri Mosque]] which had been [[Demolition of the Babri Masjid|demolished in 1992]].<ref>{{cite web |last= |first= |date=2025-01-14 |title=When is India's Independence Day? Not August 15, 1947, per Mohan Bhagwat, Kangana Ranaut et al |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/gallery/when-is-indias-independence-day-not-august-15-1947-per-mohan-bhagwat-kangana-ranaut-et-al-photogallery/cid/2077432?slide=3 |access-date=2025-01-14 |website=Telegraph India}}</ref>

==Award==
In 2017 the state-run Animal and Fishery Sciences University in [[Nagpur]] gave Mohan Bhagwat an honorary [[Doctor of Science]] degree.<ref>{{cite web|author=Maitra|first=Pradip Kumar|date=7 March 2017|title=RSS chief Mohan Bhagwat to get honorary doctorate in veterinary sciences|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/rss-chief-mohan-bhagwat-to-get-honorary-doctorate-in-veterinary-sciences/story-tXToPsI08lUImMjLdSW6BM.html|access-date=16 April 2018|website=[[Hindustan Times]]|archive-date=16 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180416200516/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/rss-chief-mohan-bhagwat-to-get-honorary-doctorate-in-veterinary-sciences/story-tXToPsI08lUImMjLdSW6BM.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Bibliography ==

* ''[[Yashaswi]] Bharat''. [[Prabhat Prakashan]], 2021<ref>{{Cite web|last=Anand|first=Arun|date=13 December 2020|title=Know what RSS under Mohan Bhagwat stands for and how it's changing in this new book|url=https://theprint.in/india/know-what-rss-under-mohan-bhagwat-stands-for-and-how-its-changing-in-this-new-book/565424/|access-date=26 November 2021|website=ThePrint|language=en-US|archive-date=26 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211126051825/https://theprint.in/india/know-what-rss-under-mohan-bhagwat-stands-for-and-how-its-changing-in-this-new-book/565424/|url-status=live}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category|Mohan Bhagwat}}
{{Wikiquote}}
{{s-start}}
{{S-off
}}
{{succession box
| title = [[Sarsanghchalak]]
| before = [[K. S. Sudarshan]]
| after = ''Incumbent''
| years = 21 March 2009–present
}}
{{s-end}}
{{Sangh Parivar}}{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bhagwat, Mohan}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1950 births]]
[[Category:Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh pracharaks]]
[[Category:Activists from Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Sarsanghchalaks]]
[[Category:Sarkaryavahs]]
[[Category:Indian Hindus]]
[[Category:Hindu nationalists]]
[[Category:People from Chandrapur]]

Hindu pilgrimage sites

2026-02-06T11:33:57Z

Evajzp: improved article

{{Short description|None}}
{{Hinduism}}
Unlike some other religions, [[Hindus]] are not required to undertake pilgrimages during their lifetime.<ref>[http://berkleycenter.georgetown.edu/resources/traditions/hinduism Berkley Center for Religion, Peace, and World Affairs - Hinduism] See drop-down essay on "Hindu Practices"</ref> However, most Hindus go on such journeys to numerous iconic sites including those below:<ref>{{Cite web|title=Hindu Temple Pilgrimage|url=https://hindutempleyatra.in/|access-date=2023-04-12|language=en-US|archive-date=2023-05-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230520092617/https://hindutempleyatra.in/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==India==
{{main|Hindu pilgrimage sites in India}}
[[File:Kashi Vishwanath temple.jpg|thumb|[[Varanasi]] known as ''[[Kashi Vishwanath Temple|Kashi]]'' is one of the holiest pilgrimage sites.]]
[[File:Kodlamane Vishnumurthy Temple.jpg|thumb|Kodlamane Shree Vishnumurthy Temple]]
[[File:Tirumala gopurams.JPG|thumb|[[Venkateswara Temple, Tirumala|Tirupati temple]]]][[File:शाकम्भरीदेवी.jpg|thumb|Shakumbhari devi, right side Bhima and Bhramari left side Goddess Shatakshi]]

[[File:Shakumbhritemple.jpg|thumb|Ancient Temple of Shakumbhari devi is near Saharanpur UP]]
'''Char Dham (Famous Four Pilgrimage sites):''' The four holy sites [[Puri]], [[Rameswaram]], [[Dwarka]], and [[Badrinath]] (or alternatively the [[Himalaya]]n towns of [[Badrinath]], [[Kedarnath]], [[Gangotri]], and [[Yamunotri]]) compose the ''Chota [[Char Dham]]'' (''four small abodes'') pilgrimage circuit.

'''Kumbh Mela:''' The ''[[Kumbh Mela]]'' (the "pitcher festival") is one of the holiest of Hindu pilgrimages that is held every three years; the location is rotated among [[Prayagraj]], [[Haridwar]], [[Nashik]], and [[Ujjain]].

'''Old Holy cities as per Puranic Texts:''' [[Varanasi]] formerly known as Kashi, [[Prayagraj]] also known as Prayag, [[Haridwar]]-[[Rishikesh]], [[Mathura]]-[[Vrindavan]], [[Kurukshetra]], the Land of Bhagavad Gita in [[Haryana]] and [[Ayodhya (Ramayana)|Ayodhya]].

'''Old Temple cities:''' [[Puri]], which hosts a major [[Vaishnavism|Vaishnava]] [[Jagannath]] temple and [[Rath Yatra]] celebration; [[Katra, Jammu and Kashmir|Katra]], home to the [[Vaishno Devi]] temple; [[Tirumala - Tirupati|Tirumala – Tirupati]], home to the [[Tirumala Venkateswara Temple]]; [[Shirdi]], home to the [[Sai Baba of Shirdi]] temple; [[Madurai Meenakshi temple|Madurai Meenakshi]] and [[Ranganathaswamy Temple, Srirangam|Sri Ranganathaswamy Temple]] in [[Sri Rangam]]; [[Dwarkadhish Temple]] – [[Dwarka]], home to Dwarkadhish form of [[Krishna|Sri Krishna]]; [[Radha Rani Temple|Radharani Temple]] – [[Barsana]], dedicated to [[Radha|Sri Radha]], [[Sabarimala]], where [[Ayyappan|Swami Ayyappan]] is worshipped; [[Sri Padmanabhaswamy Temple]] at [[Thiruvananthapuram]], [[Kerala]]; [[Guruvayur temple]] at [[Guruvayur]]. The oldest of these temple pilgrimages is the [[Pandharpur Wari]] which is said to be in tradition from the past 800 years.

'''New Pilgrimage Centres:''' Three comparatively recent temples of fame and huge pilgrimage are [[Belur Math]], the hub of the worldwide [[Ramakrishna Movement]] in West Bengal, [[Dakshineswar Kali Temple]], [[Kolkata]] West Bengal;[[Tarapith]] West Bengal, [[Vivekananda Rock Memorial]] at Kanyakumari; [[Sri Ramana Ashram]] at [[Tiruvannamalai]]; and ISKCON temples in [[Ujjain]], [[Bangalore]],<ref>{{Cite web|title=ISKCON temple in Bangalore|url=https://www.iskconbangalore.org/|access-date=2020-09-04|language=en-US}}</ref> [[Patna]], [[Tirumala]], [[Vishakapatnam]], [[Delhi]], [[Chennai]], and [[Mumbai]]. [[Ramakrishna Mission Swami Vivekananda's Ancestral House and Cultural Centre]], the birthplace of [[Swami Vivekananda]] is also another popular destination. [[Nandikeshwari Temple]] West Bengal,[[Kankalitala]], [[Kiriteswari Temple]], [[Nabadwip]], [[Mayapur]],

'''Shakti Pitha:''' An important set of pilgrimages are the ''[[Shakti Pitha]]'', where [[Shakti|the Mother Goddess]] is worshipped, the three principal ones being ''[[Kalighat]], [[Tarapith]]'' and ''[[Kamakhya]]''. {{further|Shakti Pitha}}

'''Jyotirlingas:''' Other set of important pilgrimages are the ''[[Jyotirlinga]]s'', where lord [[Shiva]] is worshipped in the form of Shiva Lingas. There are twelve Jyotirlingas in India. The twelve Jyotirlingas are:
* [[Bhimashankar Temple]], near [[Pune]]
* [[Somnath]] at [[Veraval]] in [[Gujarat]]
* [[Mallikarjuna Jyotirlinga]] at [[Srisailam]] in Andhra Pradesh
* [[Mahakaleshwar Jyotirlinga]] at [[Ujjain]] in Madhya Pradesh
* [[Omkareshwar]] in Madhya Pradesh
* [[Kedarnath]] in [[Uttarakhand]]
* [[Vishwanath Temple]] at [[Varanasi]] in Uttar Pradesh
* [[Trimbakeshwar Shiva Temple]] at [[Nashik]] in Maharashtra
* [[Baidyanath Temple|Baidyanath Jyotirlinga]] at [[Deoghar]] in [[Jharkhand]]
* [[Aundha Nagnath]] in [[Hingoli]], Maharashtra or [[Nageshvara Jyotirlinga]] at [[Dwarka]]
* [[Rameshwar]] at [[Rameshwaram]] in [[Tamil Nadu]]
* [[Grishneshwar]] at Verul near [[Ellora]] [[Aurangabad, Maharashtra|Aurangabad]]

==Sri Lanka==
* [[Pancha Ishwarams]] – the five ancient Shiva temples of the island from classical antiquity.
* The [[Arunagirinathar]]-traversed ancient [[Murugan]] pilgrimage route of Sri Lanka including
** [[Maviddapuram Kandaswamy Temple]], [[Maviddapuram]], [[Kankesanthurai]]
** [[Nallur Kandaswamy temple]], [[Jaffna]],
** [[Koneswaram temple]], [[Trincomalee]],
** [[Verugal]] Murugan Kovil, [[Verugal Aru]], [[Verugal]], Trincomalee District
** [[Thirukkovil Sithira Velayutha Swami Kovil]], in [[Thirukkovil]], [[Batticaloa]],
** [[Arugam Bay]], [[Amparai]]
** [[Panama (Sri Lanka)|Panamai]], Amparai
** [[Ukanthamalai Murugan Kovil]], in [[Okanda]], [[Kumana National Park]]
** [[Kataragama temple]], [[Katirkamam]] in the South.

==Mauritius==
These Hindu pilgrimage sites are only located on the main island country and not on the other [[Outer Islands of Mauritius|outer islands]] of the [[Mauritius|Republic of Mauritius]].

[[File:Grand Bassin, Mauritius.jpg|thumb|Ganga Talao (Grand Bassin), Savanne]]

[[File:DSCN1121 2 (5488435679).jpg|thumb|Mangal Mahadev, Savanne]]

[[File:Temple vers trou aux biches.JPG|thumb|Maheswarnath Mandir, Triolet|alt=]]

[[File:Sagar Shiv Mandir 1.jpg|thumb|Sagar Shiv Mandir, Poste de Flacq|alt=]]

* [[Ganga Talao|Ganga Talao (Grand Bassin)]] together with [[Mangal Mahadev]] statue in [[Savanne District|Savanne district]]
* [[Maheswarnath Mandir|Maheswarnath Mandir, Triolet]]
* [[Sagar Shiv Mandir|Sagar Shiv Mandir, Poste de Flacq]]

==Trinidad and Tobago==
[[File:Waterloo Temple, Trinidad.jpg|thumb|Waterloo Temple, Trinidad]]

*[[Temple in the Sea]], Waterloo Road, Waterloo, [[Carapichaima]], [[Couva–Tabaquite–Talparo]]
*Dattatreya Mandir and 85-foot Karyasiddhi Hanuman Murti, Datta Drive, Orangefield, [[Carapichaima]], [[Couva–Tabaquite–Talparo]]
*Shiva Lingam Mandir, Patiram Trace, [[Penal]], [[Penal-Debe]]
* Ganga Dhara festival at the Trinnaadeeshwar Mahadeo Ghat, Kailash Ghat, Hanuman Ghat, Tulsidas Ghat, Ardha Naareshvar Ghat, and Mundan Sanskaar Ghat at Marianne River [[Blanchisseuse]], [[Tunapuna-Piarco]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.triniview.com/blog/?p=575|title=Ganga Dhaaraa Teerath: Water is Life: TriniView.com|website=www.triniview.com|access-date=2019-09-19}}</ref>
*[[Siparia#La Divina Pastora (Siparia Mai)|Siapria Mai (La Divina Pastora) Church]], La Pastora Street, [[Siparia]], [[Siparia region]]
*Exchange Village Shiv Mandir, Brickfield Road Exchange Village, [[Couva]], [[Couva–Tabaquite–Talparo]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://nationaltrust.tt/location/exchange-village-mud-mandir/|title=Exchange Village Mud Mandir|website=National Trust of Trinidad and Tobago|language=en-US|access-date=2019-09-19}}</ref>
*Moose Bhagat Mandir, Naparima Mayaro Road Mairad Village, Tableland, [[Princes Town region|Princes Town]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://nationaltrust.tt/location/moose-bhagat-hindu-temple/|title=Moose Bhagat Hindu Temple|website=National Trust of Trinidad and Tobago|language=en-US|access-date=2019-09-19}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.guardian.co.tt/neo/NeoProxy.dll?app=NeoDirect&com=6/2/359773/8d7f0a797b|title=The Moose Bhagat Mandir|last=Bissessarsingh|first=Angelo|date=November 6, 2016|website=guardian.co.tt|language=en|access-date=2019-09-19}}</ref>
*Shiva Mandir, 1 Railway Road Reform Village, Gasparillo, [[Princes Town region|Princes Town]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://nationaltrust.tt/location/shiva-mandir/|title=Shiva Mandir|website=National Trust of Trinidad and Tobago|language=en-US|access-date=2019-09-19}}</ref>
*Balka Devi Mandir (Mud Volcano Temple), St. Marie Road, [[Cedros, Trinidad and Tobago|Cedros]], [[Siparia region|Siparia]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://nationaltrust.tt/location/balka-devi-temple/|title=Balka devi Temple|website=National Trust of Trinidad and Tobago|language=en-US|access-date=2019-09-19}}</ref>
*Shree Pavan Putra Hanuman Shiv Shakti Mandir Cunjal Road, Cunjal, [[Princes Town region|Princes Town]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://nationaltrust.tt/location/hanuman-temple/|title=Hanuman Temple|website=National Trust of Trinidad and Tobago|language=en-US|access-date=2019-09-19}}</ref>
*Triveni Mandir, Sisters Road, Hardbargain Village, Williamsville, [[Princes Town region|Princes Town]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://nationaltrust.tt/location/triveni-mandir/|title=Triveni Mandir|website=National Trust of Trinidad and Tobago|language=en-US|access-date=2019-09-19}}</ref>

==Suriname==
[[File:P1060656a.jpg|thumb|260px|The exterior of the Arya Diwaker temple]]

*[[Arya Diwaker]] Mandir

==Pakistan==
{{Main|List of Hindu temples in Pakistan}}

[[File:Katas Raj Temples 2.JPG|thumb|[[Katas Raj Temples]] are said to date from the times of the [[Mahabharata]].]]
* [[Hinglaj Mata]] – A ''Shakthi Peeth'' in Pakistan's [[Balochistan]] province
* [[Katasraj temple]] – Site of a famous temple which has a lake that is said to have been created from the teardrops of [[Shiva]]. Also known for being home of the [[Pandava]] brothers during part of their exile.
* [[Sharada Peeth]] – An abandoned ''Shakti Peeth''
* [[Shrine of Lal Shahbaz Qalandar]] – [[Sufi]] shrine that is important to Sindhi Hindus
* [[Tilla Jogian]] – ancient shrine reportedly over 2,000 years old.{{Citation needed|date=April 2025}}
* [[Chandragup]]
* [[Amb Temples]]
* [[Umarkot Shiv Mandir]]
* [[Churrio Jabal Durga Mata Temple]]
* [[Kalat Kali Temple]]
* [[Goraknath Temple]]
* [[Kalibari Mandir, Peshawar]]

==Nepal==
{{main|Hindu pilgrimage sites in Nepal}}

[[File:Pashupatinath ritesh.JPG|thumb|A view of [[Pashupatinath Temple]]]]
[[File:Bindabasini temple pokhara.JPG|thumb|
[[Bindhyabasini Temple]], [[Pokhara]], Nepal]]
[[File:Ambikeshwari Temple अम्बिकेश्वरी मन्दिर, Ghorahi.jpg|thumb|Ambikeshwari Temple is a [[Shakti Peethas|Shaktipeetha]] which is supposed to have emerged due to the falling of right ear of [[Sati (goddess)|Satidevi]] according to the [[Swasthani]] Purana. |238x238px]]
[[File:Goraksh or Ratnanath or Choughara Temple Chaughara Ghorahi Dang Nepal Rajesh Dhungana (12).jpg|thumb|272x272px|The [[Dang Valley]] remained a pilgrim place for disciples of [[mahasiddha]] [[Gorakhnath]] for over 1300 years in the Indian sub-continent]]
[[File:Tripurasundari temple, Baitadi.jpg|thumb|[[Tripura Sundari Temple, Nepal]]|300px]]

* [[Barahachhetra]]
* [[Janakpurdham]]
* [[Muktinath]]
* [[Pashupatinath Temple]]
* [[Changu Narayan|Changu Narayan Temple]]
* [[Budhanilkantha Temple|Buddhanilkantha]]
* Krishna Temple of [[Patan Durbar Square]]
* [[Rishikesh Complex of Ruru Kshetra]]
* [[Vyas Municipality|Vyas]] cave
* [[Doleshwor Mahadeva Temple|Doleshwor Mahadev]] (considered the head part of [[Kedarnath Temple|Kedarnath temple]] of [[India]])
* [[Dolakha District|Dolakha]] Bhimsen temple
* [[Pathibhara Devi Temple|Pathibhara Devi temple]]
* [[Halesi Mahadev Temple]] and [[Halesi-Maratika Caves]]
* [[Tripura Sundari Temple, Nepal]]

==China==
[[File:Manasarobar.jpg|thumb|[[Lake Manasarovar]]]]
* [[Mount Kailash]]
* [[Lake Manasarovar]]

== Bangladesh ==

* [[Chandranath Temple]]
* [[Chatteshwari Temple]]
* [[Langalbandh]]<ref>{{Cite news |script-title=bn:মহা অষ্টমীর স্নানে লাখো পুণ্যার্থীতে মুখর লাঙ্গলবন্দ |url=https://www.prothomalo.com/bangladesh/district/punu7kltzf |access-date=2023-04-05 |work=Prothom Alo |language=bn}}</ref>
* [[Orakandi Thakur Bari]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=PM Modi offers prayers at Orakandi Temple in Bangladesh's Gopalganj | India News - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/pm-modi-offers-prayers-at-orakandi-temple-in-bangladeshs-gopalganj/articleshow/81720975.cms |website=The Times of India}}</ref>
* [[Sindurmati Tirthadham]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=কুড়িগ্রামের সিন্দুরমতি দিঘি কাহিনী |url=https://thedhakatimes.com/48087/lots-kurigram-tank-story/ |access-date=2022-09-04 |website=The Dhaka Times |language=en-US}}</ref>
* [[Sugandha Shaktipeeth]]<ref>{{cite book |last=Kapoor |first=Subodh |title=The Indian Encyclopaedia |publisher=Cosmo Publications |year=2002 |location=New Delhi |page=6325}}</ref>

==Indonesia==
[[File:Prambanan Temple Yogyakarta Indonesia.jpg|thumb| [[Prambanan]]]]
* [[Mother Temple of Besakih]]
* [[Prambanan]]
* [[Mount Bromo]]

==Cambodia==
[[File:Angkor Wat.jpg|thumb|[[Angkor Wat]]]]
* [[Preah Vihear]]
* [[Angkor Wat]]

==Malaysia==
[[File:Batu caves.jpg|thumb|[[Batu Caves]]]]
* [[Batu Caves]]
* [[Arulmigu Balathandayuthapani Temple, Penang]]

==United States==
{{Unreferenced section|date=March 2021}}
* Vivekananda Cottage, [[Thousand Island Park]], [[Jefferson County, New York]]

==See also==
{{Wikiquote}}

* [[Hindu pilgrimage sites in India]]
* [[List of Hindu temples]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Worship in Hinduism}}
{{Hindu holy cities}}
{{Hindudharma}}
{{Worship in Hinduism}}

[[Category:Hindu pilgrimage sites| ]]
[[Category:Hinduism-related lists]]
[[Category:Lists of pilgrimage sites]]

Ayub Thakur

2026-01-28T17:04:19Z

Evajzp: minor edit

{{Short description|Kashmiri political activist and founder of London-based World Kashmir Freedom Movement}}
{{Use British English|date=April 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Ayyub Thakur
| birth_date = {{birth date text|1948}}
| birth_place = [[Shopian]], [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]], [[India]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|2004|3|10|1948|mf=yes}}
| death_place = [[London]], United Kingdom
| image = Dr. Ayub Thakur.jpg
| caption =
| native_name_lang =
| movement = [[Jammu and Kashmir insurgency]]
| children = [[Muzzammil Ayyub Thakur]]
| alma_mater = [[University of Kashmir]]
([[PhD]] in [[Nuclear Physics]])
| organization = World Kashmir Freedom Movement, Justice Foundation, Mercy Universal
| known_for =
}}

'''Muhammad Ayyub Thakur''' (1948 – 10 March 2004<ref name="dies">{{cite web|url=http://www.rediff.com/news/2004/mar/10jk3.htm|title=Kashmiri separatist Ayyub Thakur dies|date=10 March 2004|work=Rediff.com|accessdate=2009-04-08}}</ref>) was a political activist and founder of London-based World Kashmir Freedom Movement (WKFM). He also founded a charity organization called 'Mercy Universal'. In 2011, according to a report by [[The Daily Telegraph|The Telegraph]], It was a front group for Pakistan's Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI).<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/politics/8648589/Pakistani-spies-operating-in-Britain.html|title=Pakistani spies 'operating in Britain'|work=The Telegraph|date=19 July 2011|accessdate=31 July 2015|first=Duncan|last=Gardham}}</ref> After investigatation by the British [[Charity Commission]], [[Scotland Yard]] and the FBI, it was stated that his organization had direct contacts with [[Hizbul Mujahideen]], an EU-Sanctioned insurgent organization.

In 2001, Indian Government had booked him under [[Terrorist and Disruptive Activities (Prevention) Act]] for providing financing & logistical support to terrorists.<ref name="Hawala">{{cite news|url=http://www.milligazette.com/Archives/15082002/1508200258.htm|title=Clueless investigators, subverted state|work=The Milli Gazette|accessdate=2006-01-02}}</ref>

His son Muzammil Ayub Thakur is an active representative member of the UK based NGO<ref>{{Cite web|title=Join the Global Digital Rally for Kashmir|url=https://www.justiceforall.org/kashmirrally/|access-date=2020-10-30|website=Justice For All|language=en-US}}</ref>

==Early life==
Thakur was born in 1948 in a farming family in Pudsoo village in district [[Shopian district|Shopian]] in [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]]. He was the eldest of four children.<ref name="dynamic">{{cite news|url=http://www.aljazeerah.info/Opinion+editorials/2004+opinions/March/15+o/Kashmiri+Leader+Ayub+Thakur,+a+Dynamic+Personality+Kashmir+Watch.htm|title=Kashmiri Leader Ayub Thakur, a Dynamic Personality ... Died in London|last=Bhat|first=Abdul Latif|date=15 March 2004|publisher=Al-Jazeera|accessdate=2009-04-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041015034509/http://www.aljazeerah.info/Opinion%20editorials/2004%20opinions/March/15%20o/Kashmiri%20Leader%20Ayub%20Thakur%2C%20a%20Dynamic%20Personality%20Kashmir%20Watch.htm|archive-date=15 October 2004|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
Thakur obtained his Doctorate (Phd.) in [[Nuclear Physics]] from the [[University of Kashmir]].

== Career ==
{{Expand section|date=January 2022}}
In 1978, after a brief stint at the Bhaba Atomic Research Centre (Zakoora, Srinagar),<ref name="kashmirtimes">{{cite web|url=http://www.jammukashmir.eclipse.co.uk/who'swho.htm|title=Kashmir Times profile of Thakur |last=Hussain|first=Massod|date=15 August 2000|work=Kashmir Times|accessdate=2009-04-14}}</ref> he became lecturer in the Department of [[Physics]] in the University of Kashmir. He had a keen interest in the social and political issues of Jammu and Kashmir.<ref name="dynamic" />

After becoming lecturer at the [[University of Kashmir]] he intensified his subversive political activities. He began organising protests.{{Citation needed|date=January 2022}} In August 1980, he and many of his colleagues at university and students organisation, Islami Jamiat-i-Talaba, organised an international conference on the issue of right of [[self-determination]] of Kashmiris. the government banned the conference, dismissed Thakur from his job as a university lecturer, and later imprisoned him along with his colleagues under Public Safety Act (PSA).<ref name="Salute">{{cite web|last=Fai|first=Ghulam Nabi|date=24 May 2001|title=A Salute to A Kashmiri Colossus|url=http://www.mediamonitors.net/fai5.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071107092932/https://www.mediamonitors.net/fai5.html|archive-date=7 November 2007|publisher=Media Monitors Network}}</ref>{{Unreliable source?|date=January 2022}}

In 1981, Thakur joined the Nuclear Engineering Department of [[King Abdulaziz University]], [[Jeddah]] in [[Saudi Arabia]] as a lecturer.<ref name="dynamic" />

==World Kashmir Freedom Movement==
WKFM, along with other two organisations founded by Thakur were investigated by [[Scotland Yard]], the [[Charity Commission]] and [[FBI]] for ties to the [[Pakistan Armed Forces|Pakistan Military]] and Militant groups active in Jammu and Kashmir. The outcome of these investigations were unable to implicate any ties to [[Inter-Services Intelligence|ISI]] for funding these organizations.

==Impounding of Indian Passport and demand for extradition==
Upon the revelation of his ties to militant groups, Indian government twice sought his extradition from the UK in 1992 and 1993. After its failure, they finally impounded his passport in 1993. Thakur subsequently obtained British travel papers which he used until his death in 2004.

During the visit of British Home Secretary [[Jack Straw]] to India in May 2002, Indian Deputy Prime Minister, [[Lal Krishna Advani|LK Advani]] again demanded extradition of thakur citing him being accused of providing funds to the terrorists in [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]]. Advani also demanded the arrest of Thakur under the [[Anti-terrorism, Crime and Security Act 2001|UK's New anti-terrorist laws]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.dailyexcelsior.com/02aug17/edit.htm#5 |title=Is London pro-Ayyub Thakur? |last=B L Kak |date=17 August 2002 |work=Daily Excelsior |accessdate=2009-04-08 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20021115101653/http://www.dailyexcelsior.com/02aug17/edit.htm |archive-date=2002-11-15 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.financialexpress.com/news/week-in-review/56880/0|title=INDO-UK TIES|date=25 August 2002|work=The Financial Express|accessdate=2009-04-08}}</ref>

==Family Members Allegedly Harassed==
Ayub regularly claimed that his family members, relatives and friends were subjected to house raids, torture and harassment by the Indian army [citation needed]. He often claimed that his ancestral home in Kashmir was raided many a time and his parents threatened.<ref name="dynamic" />

==Death==
Thakur died at the age of 55, in London on 10 March 2004 after an illness.<ref name="dies" /> He was suffering from pulmonary fibrosis.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pulmonaryfibrosis.org/prominent.htm |title=Prominent People who have died from Pulmonary Fibrosis |publisher=Pulmonary Fibrosis Foundation, Colorado |accessdate=2009-04-08 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081029050612/http://www.pulmonaryfibrosis.org/prominent.htm |archive-date=29 October 2008 }}</ref> His funeral was held at the London Central Mosque, Regent Park, and he was laid to rest at the Garden of Peace, in Greenford, West London, close to where he had been living for many years.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://pakistantimes.net/2004/03/11/top3.htm |title=Kashmiri Veteran Dr Ayyub Thakur Expires |last=Bajwa |first=Azmat |work=Pakistan Times |accessdate=2009-04-08 |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080502215609/http://pakistantimes.net/2004/03/11/top3.htm |archive-date=2008-05-02 }}</ref> The Indian Government, having stripped him of his citizenship in 1993, dismissed a request by his family that he be buried in Jammu and Kashmir. He is survived by his wife, a son and two daughters.

==See also==
* [[Syed Ali Shah Geelani]]
* [[Jihad|Islamic Jihad]]
* [[Insurgency in Jammu and Kashmir]]

== Notes and references ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [http://www.mercyuniversal.com Mercy Universal - a relief agency working in some of the most deprived areas of the world.]
* [http://www.justicefoundation.co.uk The Justice Foundation – Kashmir Centre in London]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090407043558/http://www.kashmiri-cc.ca/ Kashmiri - Canadian Council]
* [http://www.kashmircentre.org Kashmir Centre.EU]

{{Jammu and Kashmir freedom movement}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Thakur, Ayub}}
[[Category:Kashmiri politicians]]
[[Category:University of Kashmir alumni]]
[[Category:Kashmir separatist movement]]
[[Category:Politicians from Jammu and Kashmir]]
[[Category:1948 births]]
[[Category:2004 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Shopian]]
[[Category:Kashmiri Islamists]]
[[Category:People charged with terrorism]]
[[Category:Fugitives wanted on terrorism charges]]
[[Category:Fugitives wanted by India]]
[[Category:People who lost Indian citizenship]]
[[Category:Naturalised citizens of the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Kashmiri independence activists]]

Kshetrapala

2026-01-28T10:31:52Z

Evajzp: enhance details further and fixed typos per sources

[[File:Kshetrapala (bhikshatana), proenienza sconosciuta, ix secolo ca.jpg|thumb|348x348px|Sculpture of a kshetrapala]]
{{Short description|Tutelary guardian deity in Indian religions}}
{{use dmy dates|date=April 2016}}{{use Indian English|date=April 2016}}
'''Kshetrapala''' ({{Langx|sa|क्षेत्रपाल|translit=Kṣetrapāla}}) is a guardian deity featured in [[Indian religions]]. In [[Hindu]] belief, a kshetrapala is the guardian deity of consecrated land or farmland.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Williams |first=Monier |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uqlRAAAAcAAJ&dq=kshetrapala+tutelary&pg=PA270 |title=A Sanskrit-English Dictionary: Etymologically and philologically arranged with special reference to Greek, Latin, Gothic, German, Anglo-Saxon, and other cognate Indo-European Languages By Monier Williams |date=1872 |publisher=At the Clarendon Press Sold by Macmillan |pages=270 |language=en}}</ref> Kshetrapala became a generic name applied to deities associated with a piece or parcel of land, or a particular region (Sanskrit: {{Lang|sa|Kṣetra}}).

==Description==
Kshetrapalas are generally found in [[South India]], the Himalayas and in various other part of India like villages of [[Gujarat]], [[Rajasthan]], [[Uttar Pradesh]]. It is worshipped as village deity. Their shrines are commonly present in the north-east corner of a village or a town. Associated with the deity [[Bhairava]], they are portrayed in the nude and accompanied by a [[Shvana|dog]]. They are depicted with three or six eyes, and an even number of hands, which are regarded to be representative of different [[Guṇa|gunas]]. They possess fangs in their mouths and wear a [[Upanayana|sacred thread]] composed of snakes. They carry a sword and a shield, and are often featured with [[Shaivism|Shaiva]] iconography.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Stutley |first=Margaret |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vQWQDwAAQBAJ&dq=K%E1%B9%A3etrap%C4%81la&pg=PT205 |title=The Illustrated Dictionary of Hindu Iconography |date=2019-04-09 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-429-62425-4 |pages=205 |language=en}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Dharmapala]]
* [[Guardians of the directions|Dikpala]]
* [[Aiyanar|Ayyanar]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Sources==
*''Dictionary of Hindu Lore and Legend'' ({{ISBN|0-500-51088-1}}) by Anna Dallapiccola

{{HinduMythology}}

[[Category:Hindu gods]]
[[Category:Buddhist gods]]
[[Category:Tutelary deities]]

{{Hindu-deity-stub}}
{{Buddhism-stub}}

Government Engineering College, Jehanabad

2026-01-19T13:27:19Z

Evajzp: updated details

{{short description|Government engineering college in Jehanabad, Bihar}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2020}}
{{Infobox university
| image = Government Engineering College, Jehanabad Logo.jpg
| image_size = 200px
| established = {{start date and age|2019}}
| type = Public
| affiliation = [[Bihar Engineering University]]
| principal = Dr. Dwarka Das Neema <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://dst.bih.nic.in/ListOfOfficers.aspx|title=Department of Science & Technology :: List of Principal, Engineering College|website=dst.bih.nic.in|access-date=2020-02-07}}</ref>
| language = [[English language|English]] & [[Hindi]]
| website = {{URL|https://www.gecjehanabad.ac.in/}}
}}
'''Government Engineering College, Jehanabad''' is a government engineering college in [[Jehanabad district]] of [[Bihar]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.careers360.com/colleges/government-engineering-college-jehanabad |title=Government Engineering College, Jehanabad |website=www.careers360.com |language=en |access-date=2020-02-07}}</ref> It was established in the year 2019 under [[Department of Science and Technology, Bihar]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://dst.bih.nic.in/EngineeringCollegeDetails.aspx|title=Department of Science & Technology :: List of Engineering College|website=dst.bih.nic.in|access-date=2020-02-07}}</ref> It is affiliated with [[Bihar Engineering University]] and approved by [[All India Council for Technical Education]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://akubihar.ac.in/Colleges/Engineering.aspx|title=List of Engineering Colleges under AKU|website=akubihar.ac.in|access-date=2020-02-07}}</ref>

== Admission ==
Admission in the college for four years [[Bachelor of Technology]] course is made through [[Bihar Combined Entrance Competitive Examination Board#UGEAC|UGEAC]] conducted by [[Bihar Combined Entrance Competitive Examination Board]]. To apply for [[Bihar Combined Entrance Competitive Examination Board#UGEAC|UGEAC]], appearing in [[JEE Main]] of that admission year is required along with other eligibility criteria.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bceceboard.bihar.gov.in/UGEACexIndex.php|title=Bihar Combined Entrance Competitive Examination Board (BCECEB).|website=bceceboard.bihar.gov.in|access-date=2020-02-07}}</ref>

== Departments ==

College have three branches in [[Bachelor of Technology]] course.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://collegedunia.com/college/60215-government-engineering-college-gec-jehanabad|title=Government Engineering College - [GEC], Jehanabad|website=Collegedunia|language=en|access-date=2020-02-07}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
!Courses in [[Bachelor of Technology|B.Tech]]
!Annual intake of students
|-
|[[Civil Engineering]]
|120
|-
|[[Electrical Engineering]]
|60
|-
|[[Mechanical Engineering]]
|60
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==

* [https://www.gecjehanabad.ac.in/ Official website]
* [https://bceceboard.bihar.gov.in/ BCECE Board website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190209124116/https://bceceboard.bihar.gov.in/ |date=9 February 2019 }}
* [[Bihar Engineering University|Bihar Engineering University website]]
* [http://dst.bih.nic.in/ DST, Bihar website]

{{Aryabhatta Knowledge University}}
{{Engineering Colleges in Bihar}}

[[Category:Engineering colleges in Bihar]]
[[Category:Colleges affiliated to Aryabhatta Knowledge University]]
[[Category:2019 establishments in Bihar]]
[[Category:Universities and colleges established in 2019]]
{{DEFAULTSORT:Jehanabad}}

Lokmanya Tilak Terminus–Azamgarh Weekly Express

2026-01-13T14:34:16Z

Evajzp:

{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2019}}
{{Infobox rail service
| name = Lokmanya Tilak Terminus–Azamgarh Weekly Express
| image = 11054 Azamgarh Mumbai LTT Weekly Express - Train board.jpg
| image_width =
| caption =
| type = [[Express trains in India|Express]]
| status = Permanently Cancelled
| locale = Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, and Uttar Pradesh
| first = {{start date and age|df=yes|2014|12|13}}
| last = March 2020 (due to [[COVID-19 pandemic|COVID-19]])
| operator = [[Central Railway zone]]
| ridership =
| start = [[Lokmanya Tilak Terminus]] (LTT)
| stops = 12
| end = {{stnlnk|Azamgarh}} (AMH)
| distance = {{convert|1546|km|abbr=on}}
| journeytime = 33 hours 35 minutes
| frequency = Weekly{{efn|Runs one days in a week for every direction.}}
| class = AC 2 Tier, AC 3 Tier, Sleeper, Unreserved
| Type of coaches = LHB
| seating = No
| sleeping = Yes
| autorack =
| catering = No
| observation =
| entertainment = No
| baggage =
| otherfacilities =
| stock = 2
| gauge = {{track gauge|1676mm}}
| el =
| trainnumber = 11053/11054
| speed = {{cvt|46|km/h}}
| map =
| map_state =
}}

'''Lokmanya Tilak Terminus–Azamgarh Weekly Express''' is an [[Express trains in India|Express]] train of the Indian Railways connecting [[Lokmanya Tilak Terminus]] in [[Maharashtra]] and {{stnlnk|Azamgarh}} of [[Uttar Pradesh]]. It is currently being operated with 11053/11054 train numbers on a weekly basis.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.cr.indianrailways.gov.in/view_detail.jsp?lang=0&id=0,4,268&dcd=3708&did=14798810909164AB080C47130F6A7D5328C69FD6C2764.web91 | title=Trains of 23.11.2016 RESCHEDULED | date=15 November 2016 | publisher=Central Railway | accessdate=13 January 2019 | first=Sunil | last=Udasi }}</ref><ref>[http://www.cr.indianrailways.gov.in/view_detail.jsp?lang=0&id=0,4,268&dcd=3186&did=1448963990255C207298F5ED7B94E8D13297572969010.web91 Permanent Augmentation of 5 CR Trains with 17 General Second class coaches]</ref>

== Service ==

* 11053/Mumbai LTT–Azamgarh Weekly Express has an average speed of 46 km/h and covers 1546 km in 33 hrs 35 mins
* 11054/Azamgarh–Mumbai LTT Weekly Express has an average speed of 50 km/h and covers 1546 km in 33 hrs 50 mins.

== Route and halts ==

The important halts of the train are:

* [[Lokmanya Tilak Terminus]]
* {{stnlnk|Thane}}
* {{stnlnk|Kalyan Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Nasik Road}}
* {{stnlnk|Bhusaval Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Harda}}
* {{stnlnk|Itarsi Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Jabalpur Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Satna Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Allahabad Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Janghai Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Jaunpur Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Shahganj Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Azamgarh}}

==Coach composition==

The train consists of 22 coaches (LHB RAKES):

* 1 AC II Tier
* 4 AC III Tier
* 10 Sleeper coaches
* 5 General
* 2 EOG

== Traction ==

Both trains are hauled by an [[Electric Loco Shed, Itarsi|Itarsi]]-based [[WAP-4]] electric locomotive from Lokmanya Tilak Terminus to {{stnlnk|Jabalpur Junction}} handing over to another [[Diesel Loco Shed, Itarsi|Itarsi]]-based [[Indian locomotive class WDM-3A|WDM-3A]] diesel locomotive up to Azamgarh.

==Direction reversal==

The train reverses its direction once:

* {{stnlnk|Allahabad Junction}}

==Rake sharing==

This train shares its rake with 12143/12144 [[Lokmanya Tilak Terminus–Sultanpur Express]].

== Timing ==

*11053 – Starts Lokmanya Tilak Terminus every Wednesday at 4:40 PM IST and reaches Azamgarh on Friday 2:10 PM IST
*11054 – Starts Azamgarh at 5:20 AM IST on Friday and reaches Lokmanya Tilak Terminus 12:15 PM IST on 2nd day

== Gallery ==

<gallery>
File:11054 Azamgarh Mumbai LTT Weekly Express - AC 3 tier.jpg|11054 Azamgarh–Mumbai LTT Weekly Express – [[Indian Railways coaching stock|AC 3 tier]]
File:11054 Azamgarh Mumbai LTT Weekly Express with Itarsi WAP 4.jpg|11054 Azamgarh–Mumbai LTT Weekly Express with {{stnlnk|Itarsi Junction}} [[Indian locomotive class WAP-4|WAP-4]]
File:11054 Azamgarh Mumbai LTT Weekly Express - General Deen Dayalu coach.jpg|11054 Azamgarh–Mumbai LTT Weekly Express – General [[Deendayal Upadhyaya|Deen Dayalu coach]]
File:11054 Azamgarh Mumbai LTT Weekly Express - AC 2 tier.jpg|11054 Azamgarh–Mumbai LTT Weekly Express – AC 2 tier
File:11054 Azamgarh Mumbai LTT Weekly Express - Sleeper Class coach.jpg|11054 Azamgarh –Mumbai LTT Weekly Express – Sleeper class coach
</gallery>

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* [http://indiarailinfo.com/train/mumbai-ltt-azamgarh-weekly-express-11053/23203/466/1828 11053/Mumbai LTT–Azamgarh Weekly Express] India Rail Info
* [https://indiarailinfo.com/train/azamgarh-mumbai-ltt-weekly-express-11054/23205/1828/466 11054/Azamgarh–Mumbai LTT Weekly Express] India Rail Info

{{DEFAULTSORT:Lokmanya Tilak Terminus-Azamgarh Weekly Express}}
[[Category:Express trains in India]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Transport in Mumbai]]
[[Category:Railway services introduced in 2014]]
[[Category:Transport in Azamgarh]]

{{India-express-train-stub}}

Chandan Shetty

2026-01-08T00:34:42Z

Evajzp: new some details and citations...

{{Short description|Indian composer, lyricist, and singer}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{unreliable sources|date=September 2018}}
{{notability|Biographies|date=August 2017}}
}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2019}}
{{Infobox musical artist
| name = Chandan Shetty
| image = Chandan Shetty (1).jpg
| caption = Chandan Shetty in 2019
| background =
| birth_name = Chandan shetty
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=y|1989|9|17}}
| birth_place = Shantigrama, Hassan, [[Karnataka]], [[India]]
| years_active = 2012–present
| instruments = Guitarist, drummer
| genre = Pop and Disco
| label = Chandan Shetty
| Contact =
| occupations = Singer-Music Composer - lyricist
| native_name_lang = Telugu
| spouse = {{marriage|Niveditha Gowda|2020|2024|}}
}}

'''Chandan Shetty''' (born 17 September 1989) is an [[India|Indian]] composer, lyricist, and [[pop singer]] who works in [[Kannada]] films.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://gaana.com/artist/chandan-shetty|title=Chandan Shetty|work=gaana.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hungama.com/artist/chandan-shetty/254640/|title=Chandan Shetty|work=hungama.com}}</ref> Shetty gained fame as a solo artist with Kannada singles such as "Halagode", "3 Peg", "Chocolate Girl", "Tequila" "Fire" and "Party Freak.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.kannadarap.com/get-your-hands-on-the-most-promising-party-track-of-the-year-2021/ |title=Get your hands on the most promising party track of the year - 2021 - Kannada Rap |access-date=26 December 2020 |archive-date=4 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210304120009/https://www.kannadarap.com/get-your-hands-on-the-most-promising-party-track-of-the-year-2021/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.kannadarap.com/3-peg-lyrics-chandan-shetty-rapper/ |title=3 PEG Lyrics – Chandan Shetty Rapper - Kannadarap |access-date=22 August 2020 |archive-date=20 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200820230105/http://www.kannadarap.com/3-peg-lyrics-chandan-shetty-rapper/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>

== Career ==
Shetty entered the music industry in 2012, as a lyricist and assistant music director for the movie [[Alemaari]], under the music director, [[Arjun Janya]]. He went on to work on the music of films such as ''[[Varadanayaka]]'', ''[[Power (2014 Kannada film)|Power]]'', ''[[Chakravyuha (2016 film)|Chakravyuha]]'', and ''[[Bhajarangi]]''. He was engaged to his co-contestant of [[Bigg Boss Kannada (season 5)|''Bigg Boss Kannada Season 5'']], Niveditha Gowda on 21 October. He won in the reality show Bigg Boss Kannada Season 5.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/kannada/bigg-boss-kannada-season-5-winner-chandan-shetty-bags-the-coveted-title/articleshow/62686447.cms|title=Bigg Boss Kannada Season 5: Chandan Shetty is the winner|work=The Times of India }}</ref> He married her on 25 February 2020.

[[File:Chandan Shetty, Niveditha Gowda (2).jpg|right|225px|thumb|Chandan Shetty with his then wife Niveditha Gowda in October 2019]]

== Controversies ==
'''January 2025'''

Kannada rapper-composer Chandan Shetty's latest song is caught in a plagiarism row. Yuvraj YBull has alleged that Chandan has copied portions of his 2018 party song Y Bull and is looking at filing a copyright case <ref>https://kannada.asianetnews.com/sandalwood/chandan-shetty-is-facing-copyright-issues-for-his-music-album-cotton-candy-spwyrv Cotton Candy</ref>

=== August 2020 ===
Chandan Shetty stoked a controversy by presenting his version of the folk song 'Kolumande Jangamadeva'. A section from the Old Mysuru region has objected to this song claiming that Shetty distorted the very history of Malemadeshwara Swamy, to whom the song is dedicated, thus hurting their religious sentiments. Several people have also objected to the way the song has been depicted. They said that Sharane Sankamma has been insulted in this song and, thus, the entire Sharana tradition has also been insulted by the rap singer. [https://www.newskarnataka.com/sandalwood/rapper-chandan-shettys-kolumande-jangamadeva-earns-wrath-of-sharana-followers] Following the outrage, [[Anand Audio]] Company had deleted the song from YouTube.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Complaint filed against Chandan Shetty for hurting religious sentiments in Kolumande - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/music/complaint-filed-against-chandan-shetty-for-hurting-religious-sentiments-in-kolumandecomplaint-filed-against-chandan-shetty-for-hurting-religious-sentiments-in-kolumande/articleshow/77759393.cms|access-date=2020-08-28|website=The Times of India|date=26 August 2020 |language=en}}</ref>

=== October 2019 ===
During Dasara celebrations of 2019, he proposed to reality TV star Niveditha Gowda on the Yuva Dasara stage, which is meant for cultural events. Chandan was performing at the government-sponsored Dasara programme at the [[Maharaja's College, Mysore|Maharaja's College]] grounds. District in-charge minister [[V. Somanna|V Somanna]] said, "I have told the police to issue a show-cause notice. We will consider action as per the law. It is wrong to misuse the platform."<ref>{{Cite web|date=October 6, 2019|first=Nolan |last=Pinto|title=Chandan Shetty proposes to Niveditha Gowda during live show, earns wrath of Karnataka government|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/rapper-chandan-shetty-proposes-to-niveditha-gowda-during-live-show-earns-wrath-of-karnataka-government-1606672-2019-10-06|access-date=2020-08-28|website=India Today|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Complaint filed against Chandan Shetty for hurting religious sentiments in Kolumande |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/music/complaint-filed-against-chandan-shetty-for-hurting-religious-sentiments-in-kolumandecomplaint-filed-against-chandan-shetty-for-hurting-religious-sentiments-in-kolumande/articleshow/77759393.cms|access-date=2020-08-28|website=The Times of India|date=26 August 2020 |language=en}}</ref>

'''May 2022'''

He Promoted MPL, Junglee Rummy and other gambling apps.

==Discography==
{{Pending films key}}
''All music composed is for Kannada films, unless mentioned.''

===As music composer===

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Year!!'''Film'''
!Director
|-
|2016
|[[Railway Children (film)|''Railway Children'']]
|Prithvi Konanur
|-
|rowspan="3"|2017
|''Sanjeeva''
|Shree Panchami Cini
|-
|''Ganchali''
|Ashok
|-
|''Appuge''
|Vikram Shetty
|-
| rowspan="2"|2018 || ''[[Joshelay]]''
|[[Vinayak Joshi]]
|-
|''[[Seizer]]''
|Vinay Krishna
|-
|2019
|''Digbayam''
|Amith
|-
| 2021
|''[[Pogaru]]''
|[[Nanda Kishore]]
|-
|2022
| ''[[Raana (2022 film)|Raana]]''
|[[Nanda Kishore]]
|-
|2024
| ''[[Choo Mantar]]''
|Navaneeth
|-
|rowspan="2"|2025
|''Suthradaari''
|Kiran Kumar
|-
|''[[GST (film)|GST]]''
|[[Srujan Lokesh]]
|-
|}

===Singles - YouTube Channels ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Song
! Artist
! Label
! class="unsortable" | Notes
|-
| 2011 || Nanna Preethi Sullalla || - || Chandan Shetty ||
|-
| 2015 || Halagode || Himself || Chandan Shetty ||
|-
| rowspan="2"|2016 || 3 PEG || [[Aindrita Ray]] || Chandan Shetty ||
|-
| Kirik Keerthi Namma Bengaluru || Himself || Kirik Keerthi ||
|-
| rowspan="2"|2017 || Chocolate Girl || [[Neha Shetty]] || Chandan Shetty ||
|-
| Tequila || Shalni Gowda || Chandan Shetty ||
|-
| rowspan="3"|2019 || Fire || Himself || Chandan Shetty ||
|-
| Shokilala || Ashvithi Shetty, Raashi || Lahari Music | T-Series ||
|-
| Bad Boy || Mateen Hussain || Lahari Music | T-Series ||
|-
| rowspan="4"|2020 || Get High || Niveditha Gowda || Chandan Shetty ||
|-
| Kolumunde || Himself || Anand Audio ||
|-
| Party Freak (Kannada)|| [[Nishvika Naidu]] || United Audios || <ref>{{Cite web|last=Kannada rap|date=2020-12-26|title=Get your hands on the most promising party track of the year – 2021|url=https://www.kannadarap.com/get-your-hands-on-the-most-promising-party-track-of-the-year-2021/|access-date=2020-12-26|website=www.kannadarap.com|language=en}}</ref>
|-
| Party Freak (Telugu) || [[Nishvika Naidu]] || United Audios || <ref>{{Cite web|last=Manjula|date=2020-12-30|title=Bigg Boss Kannada Contestant Chandan Shetty's Freak Party Song Viral|url=https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/sandalwood/bb-kannada-contestant-chandan-shettys-freak-party-song-viral-664434|access-date=2020-12-30|website=www.thehansindia.com|language=en}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3"|2021 || Salige || Himself || Chandan Shetty ||
|-
| Nodu Shiva || Megha Shetty || Anand Audio ||
|-
| Laka Laka Lambargini || [[Rachita Ram]],Baby Bindya K || Chandan Shetty ||
|-
|2024
|[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vmu53OX935A Cotton Candy]
|Chandan Shetty Ft. Sushmitha Gopinath
|Chandan Shetty
|
|-
|}

===Television===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Show !! Channel !! As a
|-
| ''[[Bigg Boss Kannada 5]]''||[[Colors Super]]|| Winner <ref>{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/bigg-boss-kannada-season-5-chandan-shetty-wins-the-show-diwakar-is-the-runner-up-5043160/|title=Bigg Boss Kannada Season 5: Chandan Shetty wins the show, Diwakar is the runner-up|date=29 January 2018|work=The Times of India}}</ref>
|-
| ''Master Dancer''|| [[Colors Super]]|| Judge<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/chandan-shetty-to-judge-dance-reality-show/articleshow/62724859.cms|title=Chandan Shetty to judge dance reality show |work=The Times of India|date=31 January 2018 }}</ref>
|-
| ''Kannada Kogile''||[[Colors Super]]|| Judge
|-
|''Kannada Kogile 2''
|[[Colors Super]]
|Judge
|-
|''Kannada Kogile Super Season 3''
|[[Colors Super]]
|Judge
|-
|''[[Raja Rani (Kannada TV show)|Raja Rani]]''
|[[Colors Kannada]]
|Contestant|2nd Runner Up
|-
|}

{{commons category}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Bigg Boss Kannada}}

{{s-start}}
{{succession box |
before= [[Pratham (Bigg Boss Kannada Season 4 Winner)|Pratham]] (2016) |
title= [[Bigg Boss Kannada]] Winner |
years= ([[Bigg Boss Kannada 5|Series 5]]) 2017 |
after= Shashi Kumar (2018)
}}
{{s-end}}

==See also==
* [[Alok R. Babu]]

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Shetty, Chandan}}
[[Category:Indian male playback singers]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1989 births]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian composers]]
[[Category:Kannada film score composers]]
[[Category:Kannada-language playback singers]]
[[Category:Indian male film score composers]]
[[Category:Telugu film score composers]]
[[Category:Telugu-language playback singers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male singers]]
[[Category:Bigg Boss Kannada winners]]

Chatrapati Singh

2025-12-17T17:28:45Z

Evajzp: minor cleanup

{{Short description|Indian percussionist}}
{{unreferenced|date=April 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2018}}
'''Raja Chhatrapati Singh Judeo''' (1919–1998) was an Indian [[percussionist]]. He was famous for his virtuosity on [[Pakhavaj|Pakhawaj]] drums used in [[Hindustani Classical Music]].

==Biography==
Raja Chhatrapati Singh Judeo was born in the royal family of Bijna State in Uttar Pradesh, bordering [[Madhya Pradesh]], [[India]]. His grandfather Raja Mukund Singh and father Raja Himmat Singh were patrons of music. He showed a great deal of interest in music from a very early age and started learning [[Pakhavaj|Pakhawaj]] from several masters including Shri Kudau Singh Ji and Swami Ramdas Ji.
He became the foremost exponent of the [[Pakhavaj]] of his era. He accompanied all the great [[Dhrupad]] vocalists including the [http://www.dagar.org/ Dagar Brothers] and [[Pt. Ram Chatur Malik]].{{Citation needed|date=February 2020}}

His daughter Chandra Singh is a talented Sitar player and his son Raja Surya Pratap Singh also played the Sitar and frequently accompanied his father during his programs.

Singh was awarded the [[Sangeet Natak Akademi]] award in 1991. Apart from music he was very fond of traditional [[wrestling]], [[chess]], and [[mathematics]] and has written a treatise on knight moves in chess called "''Ashwa Nirupan Granth''". He died in 1998.{{Citation needed|date=February 2020}}

==External links==
* Sound recording: [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NyTrKSOialg Pakhawaj Solo in Chautal]
* Sound recording: [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ry8iOXeGQLE Pakhawaj Solo in Singh-Krishna tal]

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Singh, Chatrapati}}
[[Category:1919 births]]
[[Category:1998 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian percussionists]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian musicians]]
[[Category:20th-century drummers]]
[[Category:Indian male classical musicians]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male singers]]
{{drummer-stub}}

Golden Jury Film Festival

2025-11-16T18:19:08Z

Evajzp:

{{Short description|Annual film festival in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2025}}
{{Infobox recurring event
|name = Golden Jury Film Festival
|logo =
|logo_alt =
|logo_caption =
|logo_size =
|status = Active
|genre = [[Film festival]]
|frequency = Annually
|venue =
|location = [[Mumbai]], India
| founded = 2019
|coordinates = 
|country = India
|years_active = 2019–present
|first =
|founder_name = Pragyesh Singh
|last = 2023
|prev =
|next = 2024
|participants = [[Amrit Gangar]], [[Inaamulhaq]], [[Bidita Bag]], [[Vikas Khanna]], [[Karthik Krishnan]], [[Sagar Sarhadi]], [[Bikramjeet Kanwarpal|Major Bikramjeet Kanwarpal]], [[Rahul Bose]], [[Anjali Patil]], [[Sunil Pal]], [[Sandeep Nath]], [[Shishir Sharma]], [[Vinay Pathak]], [[Sharib Hashmi]], [[Nitin Kakkar]], [[Divyenndu]], [[Saurabh Shukla]], [[Pavan Malhotra]], [[Gauahar Khan]], [[Yashpal Sharma (actor)|Yashpal Sharma]], [[Manoj Bakshi]], [[J. D. Chakravarthy]], [[Mukesh Bhatt]], [[Barkha Bisht]], [[Shahid Mallya]], [[Tejaswini Kolhapure]], [[Brijendra Kala]]
|activity =
|leader_title = Festival director
|leader_name = Subhransu Das
|organised = Golden Jury Film Academy
|website ={{URL|http://www.goldenjury.org/|Official website}}
}}
The '''Golden Jury Film Festival''' is a [[film festival]] in India, that is held annually in [[Mumbai]]. It was founded in 2019.<ref>{{cite news |title=Golden Jury Film Festival: नसीरुद्दीन शाह और नीना गुप्ता के साथ इन स्टार्स को मिला अवॉर्ड |url=https://www.livehindustan.com/entertainment/story-golden-jury-film-festival-honours-naseeruddin-shah-neena-gupta-and-other-stars-check-winners-list-2913033.html |publisher=[[Hindustan|Hindustan (newspaper)]] |date=20 December 2019 |language=Hindi}}</ref>

== History ==
Golden Jury Film Festival was founded by Pragyesh Singh. The first edition of the Golden Jury Film Festival was held in [[Mumbai]], India in 2019.<ref>{{cite news |title=Golden Jury Film Festival में बजा भारतीय फिल्मों का डंका, Naseeruddin Shah समेत इन सितारों को मिला सम्मान |url=https://www.bollywoodlife.com/hi/news-gossip/golden-jury-film-festival-naseeruddin-shah-and-these-celebs-receive-the-award-1536531/ |publisher=BollywoodLife |date=2019-12-20 |language=Hindi}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=LogoGolden Jury International Film Festival (GJIFF) |url=https://filmfreeway.com/goldenjury |publisher=[[FilmFreeway]] |accessdate=2020-06-08}}</ref>

== 2019 Festival ==
It was a two-day film festival that was held in [[Andheri]], [[Mumbai]], on 17–18 December, under the Golden Jury Film Academy's banner, whose program director was cinematographer Shubhranshu Das. The film festival had entries of 117 films, of which 15 films were screened and awards were distributed in 16 categories.<ref name="patrika">{{cite news |last1=Singh |first1=Ritesh |title=फिल्मों को उत्सव की तरह मनाना चाहिए : प्रज्ञेश सिंह |url=https://www.patrika.com/lucknow-news/golden-jury-film-festival-organized-5538574/ |publisher=[[Rajasthan Patrika]] |date=21 December 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Ahmad |first1=Dr. Mufeed |title=लखनऊ के फ़िल्मकार प्रज्ञेश ने करवाया गोल्डन ज्यूरी फिल्म फेस्टिवल |url=https://sawiawareness.page/article/lakhanoo-ke-filmakaar-pragyesh-ne-karavaaya-goldan-jyooree-philm-phestival-/EKY9fF.html |publisher=Sawiawareness |date=21 December 2019 |language=Hindi}}</ref>

The competition winners in 2019 included ''Forbidden Tikka Masala'' (Best Film), [[Naseeruddin Shah]] (Best Actor), [[Navni Parihar]] (Best Actress), Bhoomika Meena (Best Actress), [[Neena Gupta]] (Special Jury), Neeraj Yadav (Best Director) and [[Resul Pookutty]] (Best Sound Designing).<ref name="patrika"/><ref>{{cite news |title=Golden Jury Film Festival Honours Naseeruddin Shah, Neena Gupta & Others |url=https://news.abplive.com/entertainment/movies/golden-jury-film-festival-honours-naseeruddin-shah-neena-gupta-anjali-patil-others-1129305 |publisher=[[ABP News]] |date=20 December 2019}}</ref>

The following film and TV personalities participated in the 1st edition:<ref>{{cite news |title=पहिल्या गोल्डन ज्युरी फिल्म फेस्टिव्हल दणक्यात पार, विविध सेलिब्रिटींची उपस्थिती |url=https://marathi.abplive.com/movies/first-golden-jury-film-festival-held-in-mumbai-724200 |accessdate=8 June 2020 |date=2019-12-20 |language=Marathi}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=First Edition of Golden Jury film festival with Rahul Bose and Anjali Patil |url=https://www.hotstar.com/in/news/first-edition-of-golden-jury-film-festival-with-rahul-bose-and-anjali-patil/1430001202 |accessdate=8 June 2020 |publisher=[[Hotstar]]}}</ref>
{{div col|colwidth=10em}}
* [[Amrit Gangar]]
* [[Inamul Haque]]
* [[Bidita Bag]]
* Vikram Kochhar
* [[Vikas Khanna]]
* Nitin Kakkar
* [[Karthik Krishnan]]
* [[Sagar Sarhadi]]
* [[Bikramjeet Kanwarpal|Major Bikramjeet Kanwarpal]]
* [[Rahul Bose]]
* [[Anjali Patil]]
* [[Sunil Pal]]
* Gadadhar Puty
* Ashok Purang
* [[Sandeep Nath]].
{{div col end}}

== 2020 Festival ==
The second edition of the Golden Jury Film Festival was held in December 2020. It began on 14 December and conclude on 16 December. The Golden Jury Film Festival 2020 was launched by actor [[Vinay Pathak]] and Sharib Hashmi.<ref>{{cite news |title=Vinay Pathak, Sharib Hashmi launch 2nd edition of Golden Jury Film Festival |url=https://www.cinestaan.com/articles/2020/dec/15/28118 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210519052204/https://www.cinestaan.com/articles/2020/dec/15/28118 |url-status=live |archive-date=19 May 2021 |publisher=Cinestaan |date=15 December 2020}}</ref> The festival showcased 40 films out of 520 entries. Actor [[Rahul Bose]], Nitin Kakkar, [[Bidita Bag]], [[Inaamulhaq]], Vikram Kochhar and [[Anjali Patil]] were guests at the festival while its jury members were [[Smita Jaykar]], [[Shishir Sharma]], Ashok Purang, [[Sandeep Nath]] and Gadadhar Putty.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Das |first1=Garima |title=Vinay Pathak and Sharib Hashmi launch Golden Jury Film Festival 2020 |url=https://www.bollywoodbubble.com/bollywood-news/vinay-pathak-sharib-hashmi-launch-golden-jury-film-festival-2020/ |publisher=BollywoodBubble |date=14 December 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Vinay Pathak, Sharib Hashmi launch 2nd edition of Golden Jury Film Festival |url=https://www.cinestaan.com/articles/2020/dec/15/28118 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210519052204/https://www.cinestaan.com/articles/2020/dec/15/28118 |url-status=live |archive-date=19 May 2021 |publisher=Cinestaan |date=15 December 2020}}</ref>

== 2021 Festival ==
The 2021 edition of the Golden Jury Film Festival showcased a selection of 68 films from a total of 564 submissions. [[Shishir Sharma]] and [[Smita Jaykar]] contributed their expertise as jury members, alongside the National Award-winning director Gadadhar Puty and theatre personality Ashok Purang. Actor [[Divyenndu|Divyenndu Sharma]] was honored with the Best Male Actor award for his performance in the film ''[[Mere Desh Ki Dharti (film)|Mere Desh Ki Dharti]]'', while the film's director received the Best Director award in the feature film category. [[Saurabh Shukla]]'s film, ''The Incomplete Tale of Satyaprakash Paramkovid'', secured the Best Feature Film award at the festival.<ref name=filmcity>{{Cite news|title=Actor Divyenndu Sharma, Saurabh Shukla and Many Others Won Golden Jury Film Festival Award 2021 - Creative Platform for All Cinema Enthusiasts|url=https://filmcityworld.com/actor-divyenndu-sharma-saurabh-shukla-and-many-others-won-golden-jury-film-festival-award-2021-creative-platform-for-all-cinema-enthusiasts/|publisher=Film City World|author=Gupta, Aditi|date=11 June 2022}}</ref>

== 2022 Festival ==
The fourth edition of the festival was held in December 2022. It was attended by notable personalities from the film industry, including [[Pavan Malhotra]], [[Gauahar Khan]], Vikram Kochhar, [[Yashpal Sharma (actor)|Yashpal Sharma]], [[Manoj Bakshi]], [[J. D. Chakravarthy]], [[Inaamulhaq]], Saharsh Shukla, Girish Thapar, [[Nitin Kakkar]], [[Mukesh Bhatt]], [[Barkha Bisht Sengupta|Barkha Bisht]], [[Shahid Mallya]], and Arvinder Singh.<ref>{{cite news |title=फिल्म समारोह सिनेमा के एक शैक्षिक संस्थान की तरह हैं : पवन मल्होत्रा |url=http://www.aeznewschannel.com/kkg/ |publisher=AEZ News |date=17 December 2022 |language=Hindi}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title='गोल्डन ज्यूरी फिल्म फेस्टिवल' में पहुंची बॉलीवुड की कई हस्तियां, पवन मल्होत्रा शेयर की अपने दिल की बात |url=https://www.india.com/hindi-news/entertainment-hindi/bollywood-celebrities-arrived-at-the-golden-jury-film-festival-pawan-malhotra-shared-his-heart-5806732/ |publisher=[[India.com]] |date=16 December 2022 |language=Hindi}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://zeenews.india.com/people/gauahar-khan-inaamulhaq-vikram-kochar-and-others-talk-about-golden-jury-film-festival-2549477.html|title=Gauahar Khan, Inaamulhaq, Vikram Kochar and others talk about 'Golden Jury Film Festival'|author=Zee Media Bureau|work=Zee News|date=16 December 2022}}</ref>

The jury includes Odia filmmaker Gadadhar Putty, lyricist [[Sandeep Nath]], film theorist and curator [[Amrit Gangar]], and acting coach Ashok Purang.<ref>{{cite news |title=Satya actor JD Chakravarthy praises Golden Jury Film Festival |url=https://cineblitz.in/news-gossip/satya-actor-jd-chakravarthy-praises-golden-jury-film-festival/ |publisher=[[Cine Blitz]] |date=16 December 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/art-entertainment/golden-jury-film-festival-gauahar-khan-inaamulhaq-vikram-kochar-talk-about-the-film-festival-news-245362|title=Golden Jury Film Festival: Gauahar Khan, Inaamulhaq, Vikram Kochar Talk About The Film Festival|author=Prateek Sur|work=[[Outlook India]]|date=15 December 2022}}</ref>

The film awards were given in 20 different categories, which included Documentary, Short, and Feature films. Some of the winning films were ''Vanrakshak'', ''Midnight Delhi'', ''Bright Future'', ''Purple Case'', ''Neither a girl nor a Woman'', ''Behrupiya'', ''Meet Mr. Chang'', ''Dobya'', ''Sambhram - Never Odd or Even'', ''Between The Lines'', ''Nimmo Lucknow Wali'', ''Zibha'', and ''Dammy''.<ref name=winners>{{cite news |title=Actors Pawan Malhotra, Vikram Kochhar and others to grace Golden Jury Film Festival |url=https://www.indulgexpress.com/entertainment/cinema/2022/dec/13/actors-pawan-malhotra-vikram-kochhar-and-others-to-grace-golden-jury-film-festival-46063.html |author=Dharitri Ganguly |publisher=[[The New Indian Express|Indulge Express]] |date=13 December 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Piyush Mishra, Barkha Bisht Sengupta, Atul Shrivastava, Shahid Maliya attend Golden Jury Film Festival |url=https://cineblitz.in/news-gossip/piyush-mishra-barkha-bisht-sengupta-atul-shrivastava-shahid-maliya-attend-golden-jury-film-festival/ |website=[[Cine Blitz]] |date=19 December 2022}}</ref>

== 2023 edition ==
The fifth edition of the Golden Jury Film Festival was held on 13 and 14 December 2023, with support from [[Uttar Pradesh Tourism]], the [[Government of Uttar Pradesh]]. Notable figures from the film industry, such as [[Tejaswini Kolhapure]], [[Brijendra Kala]], [[Yashpal Sharma (actor)|Yashpal Sharma]], Atul Srivastava, [[Inaamulhaq]], [[Vikram Kochhar]], [[Aditya Srivastava]], [[Rajesh Jais]], [[Shishir Sharma]], [[Piyush Mishra]], [[Smita Jaykar]], and [[Mukesh Bhatt]], among others, were in attendance.<ref name=fifth>{{cite news |title=Tejaswini Kolhapure - "I think such platforms are the reason for revelation in cinema" |url=https://www.indiaforums.com/article/tejaswini-kolhapure-i-think-such-platforms-are-the-reason-for-revelation-in-cinema_203398 |publisher=India Forums |date=17 December 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Piyush Mishra's Rare, Raghubir Yadav's Titu Ambani to screen at Golden Jury Film Festival |url=https://www.wionews.com/entertainment/bollywood/news-piyush-mishras-rare-raghubir-yadavs-titu-ambani-to-screen-at-golden-jury-film-festival-668797 |publisher=[[WION]] |date=12 December 2023}}</ref>

A diverse range of films was showcased during the festival, including Piyush Mishra's ''Rare'', ''[[Titu Ambani]]'' featuring [[Deepika Singh]] and [[Raghubir Yadav]], ''[[Dada Lakhmi (film)|Dada Lakhmi]]'' starring [[Yashpal Sharma (actor)|Yashpal Sharma]], ''Kripiya Dhyan Dein'', ''Ghost Walk'', and several others.<ref name=fifth/> The closing film, ''Bed No. 17'', directed by [[Mir Sarwar]], concluded the event.<ref name=fifth/>

== 2024 edition ==
The 6th edition of the Golden Jury Film Festival was held on 17–18 December 2024 in [[Andheri West]], Mumbai. It featured a diverse selection of films from Indian and international filmmakers.<ref name="cine">{{cite news |last1=Kadam |first1=Keerti |title=The Golden Jury Film Festival features a diverse lineup of films from talented directors worldwide! |url=https://www.cinebuster.in/the-golden-jury-film-festival-features-a-diverse-lineup-of-films-from-talented-directors-worldwide/ |publisher=Cinebuster |date=December 19, 2024}}</ref>

The event opened with ''Mussoorie – 200 Years'' by Sanjay Raj, followed by the Golden Jury Festival Gala and the premiere of ''Kuch Sapney Apne'' by [[Sridhar Rangayan]], a sequel to the award-winning ''[[Evening Shadows]]''. The second day showcased films including ''What Goes Around – Karma is a Bitch'' by Ronald Kerkman, ''White Gaze'' by ETA, ''Muniya Ki Duniya'' by Alok Jain, and ''My National Flag'' by Sweta Kumar Dash. The festival concluded with ''Hunar'' by Sujoy Joy Mukherjee.<ref name="cine"/>

Special mentions included ''Iron Girls'' by Rajen Das on preserving folk arts and ''Muniya Ki Duniya'' about a migrant girl's aspirations.<ref name="cine"/><ref>{{cite news |title=गोल्डन जूरी फिल्म फेस्टिवल 2024: ग्लोबल सिनेमैटिक प्रतिभा का जश्न |url=https://www.cineshrushti.com.in/2024/12/2024_19.html |publisher=Cine Shrushti |date=December 19, 2024 |language=hi}}</ref>
== Awards ==
;2019
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Film !! Category !! Recipient
|-
| ''The Wallet'' (2019)|| Best Actor Award || [[Naseeruddin Shah]]
|-
| ''The Wallet'' (2019)|| Best Actor Female Award || [[Navni Parihar]]
|-
| ''Chuhedaani'' (2018)|| Best Actor Female Award || Bhoomika Meena
|-
| ''Forbidden Tikka Masala'' (2018)|| Best Film Award || ''Forbidden Tikka Masala''
|-
| ''The Last Color'' (2019)|| Special Jury Award|| [[Neena Gupta]]
|-
| ''Sax By Julius'' || Best Sound Designing Award|| [[Resul Pookutty]]
|-
| ''Sax By Julius''|| Best Director Award || Neeraj Yadav
|}
;2020<ref name=award>{{cite web |title=Golden Jury Film Academy (Golden Jury) |url=https://filmfreeway.com/goldenjury |website=Filmfreeway.com}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Film !! Category !! Recipient
|-
| ''Cold Calm'' (2020)|| Best Feature Film || ―
|-
| ''Neon Sea'' (2020)|| Best Story || ―
|-
| ''A Spoonful Of Stardust'' (2020)|| Best Director || ―
|-
| ''Dhumkkudiya'' (2019) || Best Actor (Female) || Rinkal Kachhap
|-
| ''First Signal''|| Best Actor (Male)|| [[Paul Noonan]]
|-
| ''Hitlerin kadaisi ninaivugal '' || Best Short Film|| ―
|-
| ''The Quite shore''|| Best Actor - Short (Female) || Jeaux Bartley
|-
| ''Painful Pride''|| Best Actor - Short (Female) || Pallavi Joshi
|-
| ''Raani''||Best Actor - Short (Male) || Dev Fauzdar
|-
| ''The Open Window''|| Best Animated Film || ―
|-
| ''The Boro'' || Best Documentary Film || ―
|-
| ''A Bohemian Musician'' || Best Director (documentary)|| Rochak Sahu
|-
| ''An Incident In A Small Town''|| Best Script || ―
|}
;2021<ref name=award/><ref name=filmcity/>
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Film !! Category !! Recipient
|-
| ''[[Mere Desh Ki Dharti (film)|Mere Desh Ki Dharti]]'' || Best Male Actor Award || [[Divyenndu|Divyenndu Sharma]]
|-
| ''[[Mere Desh Ki Dharti (film)|Mere Desh Ki Dharti]]'' || Best Director Award (Feature Film) || Faraz Haider
|-
| ''The Incomplete Tale of Satyaprakash Paramkovid'' || Best Feature Film || [[Saurabh Shukla]]
|-
|''Chippipaarai ''|| Best Short Film|| Praveen Giri
|-
| ''The Iron Lady of Kashmir'' || Best Documentary Film|| Suresh K. Goswami
|}
; 2022<ref name=award/><ref name=winners/>
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Film !! Category !! Recipient
|-
| ''Viral World'' || Best Feature Film || Brijesh Tangi
|-
| ''Vanrakshak'' || Best Director || Pawan Kumar Sharma
|-
| ''Midnight Delhi'' || Best Debut Director || Raakesh Rawat
|-
| ''Midnight Delhi'' || Best Actor (Male) || [[Mukesh Bhatt]]
|-
| ''Nimmo Lucknow Wali'' || Best Actor (Female) || Shikha Chauhan
|-
| ''Nimmo Lucknow Wali'' || Best Music || Arjun Tondon
|-
| ''Dobya''|| Best Short Film || Ashutosh Jare
|-
| ''Neither a Girl Nor a Woman'' || Best Documentary Film || [[Anjali Patil]]
|}
; 2023<ref name=award/>
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Film !! Category !! Recipient
|-
| ''Samanantar'' || Best Feature Film || Niraj Kumar Mishra
|-
| ''Dada Lakhmi'' || Best Director || [[Yashpal Sharma (actor)|Yashpal Sharma]]
|-
| ''Bed No. 17'' || Best Debut Director || [[Mir Sarwar]]
|-
| ''Kripya Dhyaan Dein'' || Best Actor (Male) || [[Brijendra Kala]]
|-
| ''Bed No. 17'' || Best Actor (Male) || [[Rishi Bhutani]]
|-
| ''Zindagi Kashmakash'' || Best Actor (Female) || [[Tejaswini Kolhapure]]
|-
| ''[[Titu Ambani]]'' || Best Actor (Female) || [[Deepika Singh]]
|-
| ''Mere Shiva'' || Best Music || Naman Anand, Ashutosh Bharadwaj
|-
| ''Ghost Walk''|| Best Short Film ||Ananth Narayan Mahadevan
|-
| ''The Victims of Sundarbans'' || Best Documentary Film || Dilip Ghosh
|-
| ''Bridge'' || Best Social Film || Kripal Kalita<ref>{{cite news |title=Assamese film ‘Bridge’ wins Best Social Film Title at Golden Jury Film Festival |url=https://gyansora.com/2020/12/28/assamese-film-bridge-wins-best-social-film-title-at-golden-jury-film-festival/ |publisher=Gyansora |date=28 December 2020}}</ref>
|}
; 2024<ref>{{cite news |title=Golden Jury Film Festival 2024: The award winners you need to know |url=https://filmycharcha.com/entertainment/golden-jury-film-festival-2024-the-award-winners-you-need-to-know |publisher=Filmy Charcha |date=December 19, 2024}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Film
! Category
! Recipient
|-
| Iron Girls
| Best Feature Film
| Rajen Das (Director)
|-
| ''Peepal'' / ''Aashraya''
| Best Actor
| Mukesh Bhat / Chaitanya Puri
|-
| ''National Flag''
| Best Short Film Director
| Sweta Kumar Dash
|-
| Second Innings
| Best Actor (Male)
| Ashish Shukla
|-
| ''Fb_18'', ''Good Morning General''
| Best Short Film
| Prashant Singh / Pulkit Garg (Directors)
|-
| ''Hunar''
| Best Short Film (Jury Mention)
| Sujoy Joy Mukharjee (Director)
|-
| ''Hunar''
| Best Actor (Male)
| [[Rohit Roy]]
|-
| ''Hunar''
| Best Actor (Female)
| [[Madhurima Tuli]]
|}
== See also ==
{{portal |Film|India}}
* [[List of film festivals]]
* [[List of film festivals in India]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{Official website|http://www.goldenjury.org}}
{{Film festivals}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Golden Jury Film Festival}}
[[Category:Film festivals in India]]
[[Category:Film festivals established in 2019]]
[[Category:2019 establishments in India]]
[[Category:Film industry in Mumbai]]
[[Category:Cinema of India]]
[[Category:Annual events in India]]
[[Category:Recurring events established in 2019]]

Snehal Salunkhe

2025-10-25T07:36:27Z

Evajzp: put up the pg w/ refs...

{{Short description|Indian kabaddi player}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
{{MedalTableTop}}
{{MedalCountry | {{IND}} }}
{{MedalSport | Women's [[Kabaddi]]}}
{{MedalCompetition | [[Asian Games]]}}
{{MedalGold | [[Kabaddi at the 2010 Asian Games|2010 Guangzhou]]| Team }}
{{MedalBottom}}

'''Snehal Sampat Salunkhe''' is a [[Kabaddi]] player from [[India]]. She was a member of the Indian team that won a gold medal at the [[2010 Asian games]] held in [[Guangzhou]].<ref name="The Hindu - 29Nov2010 - Kerala still in celebratory mood after Asiad impression ">{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/2010/11/29/stories/2010112955731600.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110402085824/http://www.hindu.com/2010/11/29/stories/2010112955731600.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=April 2, 2011|title= Kerala still in celebratory mood after Asiad impression |last=Vinod|first=A.|date=Nov 29, 2010|work=[[The Hindu]]|publisher=[[The Hindu Group]]|accessdate=15 December 2012}}</ref><ref name="The Hindu - 08Jan2011 - January 8, 2011">{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-kerala/article1064839.ece|title=Colourful start to district youth fete|date=January 8, 2011|work=[[The Hindu]]|publisher=[[The Hindu Group]]|accessdate=15 December 2012}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Salunkhe, Snehal Sampat}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian female kabaddi players]]
[[Category:Asian Games gold medalists in kabaddi]]
[[Category:Kabaddi players at the 2010 Asian Games]]
[[Category:Asian Games gold medalists for India]]
[[Category:Asian Games kabaddi players for India]]
[[Category:Medalists at the 2010 Asian Games]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

{{India-kabaddi-bio-stub}}

Mai Fatto

2025-10-08T05:29:10Z

Evajzp: Made A Details

{{Short description|First Rani Consort of Patiala (1698–1773)}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2025}}

'''Mai Fatto''' (1698–1773), also known as '''Fateh Kaur''', was the wife of [[Ala Singh]] of [[Patiala State|Patiala]]. She was paternal grandmother of [[Amar Singh of Patiala|Amar Singh]].<ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last=Sidhu |first=G. S. |title=Sikh Religion and Women |publisher=Guru Nanak Charitable Trust |year=2006 |isbn=9781902122007 |edition=1st |pages=125–126 |chapter=9.1: Maharani Fatto (Fateh Kaur)}}</ref><ref name=":722">{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=Kirpal |url=http://archive.org/details/BabaAlaSingh |title=Baba Ala Singh: Founder of Patiala Kingdom |publisher=Guru Nanak Dev University |year=2005 |edition=2nd |location=Amritsar |pages=}}</ref>{{Rp|pages=123–125}} She is not to be confused with another Fateh Kaur (alias ''Fatto''), who was the daughter of Phul Sidhu-Brar whom married a relative of [[Baba Buddha]] named Dhanna Singh.<ref name=":722" />{{Rp|pages=6–7}} She played a prominent role in the establishment of Patiala State, alongside her husband and the first ruler of Patiala, Ala Singh.<ref name=":722" />{{Rp|page=124}}

== Biography ==
Fatto was the daughter of Khanan of Kaleke village, located near Dhanoula.<ref name=":722" />{{Rp|pages=13–14}} She had two brothers, Haria and Sana, who established Kamalpur.<ref name=":722" />{{Rp|page=34}} An early account of her life is as follows: in 1698, Bhai Dayal Das, who belonged to the lineage of Bhai Bhagtu, visited Kaleke where a newborn baby girl was born in the house of Khanan.<ref name=":722" />{{Rp|pages=13–14}}<ref name=":2" /> The family was disappointed by the birth of a girl-child in their household and they carried-out an attempt at female-infanticide by burying her alive.<ref name=":722" />{{Rp|pages=13–14}}<ref name=":2" /> Bhai Dayal Das was invited to visit the household of Khanan, which was extended to him in an attempt to clear the household's sins after committing female-infanticide.<ref name=":722" />{{Rp|pages=13–14}} However, Dayal Das came to learn about the event and refused the invitation, stating that he did not visit families who practice female-infanticide.<ref name=":722" />{{Rp|pages=13–14}} Khanan was shocked and apologized for his actions, with the girl-child Fatto quickly being unburied and was still alive, bringing relief to Dayal Das, who then agreed to visit Khanan's house to dine.<ref name=":722" />{{Rp|pages=13–14}} Dayal Das requested the family to raise Fatto well and predicted that she would become a notable personality.<ref name=":722" />{{Rp|pages=13–14}} Due to her life being saved by Dayal Das, Fatto felt a sense of indebtedness to the family of Dayal Das for the rest of her life.<ref name=":2" /> She became politically-gifted and educated in Sikh history and literature.<ref name=":2" /> She is said to have cared for orphans and the disfortunate.<ref name=":2" />

When [[Ala Singh]] was 16 years old, he married Mai Fatto.<ref name=":722" />{{Rp|pages=13–14}} Mai Fatto was aged nine at the marriage.<ref name=":722" />{{Rp|pages=13–14}} She assisted Ala Singh throughout his life as a ruler and she also served in the ''[[Langar (Sikhism)|langar]]'' (communal-kitchen), serving members of the [[Dal Khalsa (Sikh army)|Dal Khalsa]].<ref name=":722" />{{Rp|pages=13–14, 123–124}} In-fact, she played a role in maintaining a langar that had been established by her husband.<ref name=":722" />{{Rp|page=108}} Her activities in the langar communal kitchen, which attracted Sikhs of the Dal Khalsa, helped strengthen her husband's network with other Sikh chiefs.<ref name=":722" />{{Rp|page=123–124}} Whenever Ala Singh wanted to contact a member of the Dal Khalsa, it would be through Fatto as Fatto had extensive ties due to her relation with the family descended from Bhai Bhagtu.<ref name=":2" /> It was Fatto who convinced Ala Singh to undergo the pahul and become a baptized Khalsa Sikh from [[Nawab Kapur Singh]] at Thikriwala village.<ref name=":2" /> One tale narrates that when Mai Fatto was serving in the langar, a Sikh who was eating complained about the ''[[Dal|dāl]]'' (pulses) that were being served were too watery and therefore poured hot dāl over the head of Fatto, which scolded her head.<ref name=":722" />{{Rp|page=108}} When Fatto protested to her husband about what had happened, he remarked that she should be grateful to the Sikh, as if she was caught by the Mughals, they would have poured burning oil over her head, and that having hot dal being poured on her head was small in-comparison.<ref name=":722" />{{Rp|page=108}}

Via Fatto, Ala Singh was able to forge an alliance with the family of Dayal Das, as per the ''Kaifiat-i-Bhai Kiyan''.<ref name=":722" />{{Rp|pages=13–14, 126}} During any periods of trouble, Fatto and her husband would visit the family of Dayal Das (known as ''Bhais'') at Bhuchuke village for consultation.<ref name=":722" />{{Rp|pages=13–14}} Dayal Das had a son named Gurbaksh Singh, who was the founder of [[Kaithal State]] and also assisted Ala Singh with the conquests of Boha, Buddhlada, Tobana, and Jamalpur.<ref name=":722" />{{Rp|pages=13–14, 123–124}} Through his marriage to Fatto, Ala Singh was connected to her cousin Gurbaksh Singh Kaleke, who helped him with founding the settlement of Patiala.<ref name=":722" />{{Rp|pages=45–46}} When Bhai Mool Chand asked Ala Singh to donate money to a needy Brahmin, he obtained funds from Mai Fatto in-order to do so.<ref name=":722" />{{Rp|page=27}} After the donation, Bhai Mool Chand is said to have blessed Ala, which had emboldened him further in his political pursuits, as he already knew about the blessing he had received earlier from Bhai Charan Das.<ref name=":722" />{{Rp|page=27}}

Until 1761, Ala Singh was against the Afghan invader Ahmad Shah Abdali and assisted the [[Maratha Empire|Marathas]] by providing them grains, however Fatto attempted to relax tensions between them by sending a tribute to Abdali.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":722" />{{Rp|page=103}} Yet the tribute was not enough to placate Abdali, who wanted to meet with Ala Singh in-person instead.<ref name=":722" />{{Rp|page=103}} During the [[Indian campaign of Ahmad Shah Durrani|invasions of Ahmad Shah Abdali]] in the aftermath of the [[Third Battle of Panipat]] (1761), Fatto evacuated to safety to Munak in the south of the polity's territory.<ref name=":722" />{{Rp|page=|pages=72–73}} She organized all the women and children into carts to escape toward Bathinda, which was heavily fortified.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |last=Dutt |first=Nirupama |date=20 April 2025 |title=Grandma tales lead to stories of women in colonial Punjab |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/chandigarh-news/roundabout-grandma-tales-lead-to-stories-of-women-in-colonial-punjab-101745070890142.html |access-date=29 June 2025 |work=Hindustan Times}}</ref> Abdali was eager to punish the Patiala chief for aiding the Marathas and thus plundered Barnala, the base of operations of Ala Singh, who by then had also escaped to Munak.<ref name=":722" />{{Rp|page=|pages=72–73}} During this time, Fatto ordered Biram Dhillon, Bhola Singh, Kahna Mal, and Kashmiri to attempt diplomacy with the Afghans via their representative Shah Wali Khan, the ''wazir'' of Abdali.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":722" />{{Rp|page=|pages=72–73}} Riding a horse with her grandson, Fatto reached Munak.<ref name=":2" /> This paved the way for a personal meeting between Ala Singh and Abdali, which thawed relations between the Afghans and Patiala Sikhs.<ref name=":722" />{{Rp|page=|pages=72–73}} This meeting allowed the Patiala ruler to be recognized as an independent chief of the region by Abdali and [[Zain Khan Sirhindi]] and through a ''[[firman]]'' passed on 29 March 1761, it was recorded that 726 villages were in Ala Singh's control.<ref name=":722" />{{Rp|page=|pages=72–73}}

After the [[Battle of Sirhind (1764)|conquest of Sirhind by a Sikh coalition in 1764]], Ala Singh wanted to occupy Sirhind, yet Mai Fatto advised him not to-do so as the city of Sirhind had a negative reputation in the eyes of other Sikhs due to the events that transpired there involving [[Guru Gobind Singh|Guru Gobind Singh's]] sons and occupying it would lower Ala Singh's prestige.<ref name=":722" />{{Rp|page=123–124}}

After the death of Mai Fatto's husband Ala Singh, she installed [[Amar Singh of Patiala|Amar Singh]], who was 18 years old at the time, on the throne of Patiala.<ref name=":722" />{{Rp|pages=123–125}} Most were not opposed to Amar Singh taking the throne, however Himmat Singh, the half-brother of Amar Singh, protested and took military control of the fort of Bhawanigarh and the surrounding area, with Amar Singh responding by preparing for a military expedition.<ref name=":722" />{{Rp|page=123–124}} However, Fatto managed to peacefully settle the differences between Himmat Singh and Amar Singh, with Himmat Singh being permitted to keep his possessions.<ref name=":722" />{{Rp|page=123–124}} Fatto lived for nine years as a widow after the death of Ala Singh and died in 1773.<ref name=":722" />{{Rp|page=123–124}}

Ala Singh and Fatto had a daughter named [[Bibi Pardhan Kaur|Pardhan]], who became a religious individual, founding a school (''pathshala'') at Barnala.<ref name=":722" />{{Rp|pages=124–126}} Pardhan died in 1789.<ref name=":722" />{{Rp|pages=124–126}} [[Bibi Sahib Kaur]] was Fatto's great-granddaughter.<ref name=":1">{{Cite news |last=Singh |first=Sakoon |date=2 April 2025 |title=History of Punjab Re-imagined Through the Lives of Women |url=https://thewire.in/books/history-of-punjab-re-imagined-through-the-lives-of-women |access-date=29 June 2025 |work=The Wire}}</ref>

== Legacy ==
Fatto's story is recounted in Harleen Singh's book ''The Lost Heer: Women in Colonial Punjab''.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> In Punjab, it is common for girls to be called "Bhain Fatto" or "Mai Fatto" when they exhibit leadership and take the initiative.<ref name=":0" />

== References ==
<references />
[[Category:1698 births]]

[[Category:1773 deaths]]
[[Category:Patiala State]]
[[Category:18th-century Indian women]]
[[Category:18th-century Indian royalty]]
[[Category:People from Patiala]]

Diospyros ebenum

2025-10-01T21:42:45Z

Evajzp: new first data v1

{{Short description|Species of flowering plant}}
{{More citations needed|date=January 2021}}
{{Speciesbox
|image = Ebonytreeforest.jpg
|image_caption =
|status = DD
|status_system = IUCN2.3
|status_ref = <ref name=IUCN>{{cite iucn |author1=((Asian Regional Workshop (Conservation & Sustainable Management of Trees, Viet Nam, August 1996))) |year=1998 |title=''Diospyros ebenum'' |volume=1998 |article-number=e.T32296A9688568 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.1998.RLTS.T32296A9688568.en |access-date=10 September 2024}}</ref>
|genus = Diospyros
|species = ebenum
|authority = [[J.Koenig]] ex [[Anders Jahan Retzius|Retz.]]
|synonyms = *''Diospyros glaberrima'' [[Johan Peter Rottler|Rottler]]
*''Diospyros melanoxylon'' [[Carl Ludwig Willdenow|Willd.]]
*''Diospyros membranacea'' [[Alphonse Pyramus de Candolle|A.DC.]]
*''Diospyros reticulata'' var. ''timoriana'' A.DC.
*''Diospyros laurifolia'' [[Achille Richard|A.Rich.]]
*''Diospyros timoriana'' (A.DC.) [[Friedrich Anton Wilhelm Miquel|Miq.]]
*''Diospyros assimilis'' [[Richard Henry Beddome|Bedd.]]
| synonyms_ref = <ref name=WFO>{{cite web |title=''Diospyros ebenum'' J.Koenig ex Retz. |url=https://wfoplantlist.org/taxon/wfo-0000648800-2024-06 |website=[[World Flora Online]] |access-date=12 October 2024}}</ref>
}}

'''Ceylon ebony''' or ''Diospyros ebenum ({{langx|si|කළුවර}} Kaluwara) (''[[Tamil language|Tamil]]: கருங்காலி Karungaali), is a [[species]] of [[tree]] in the genus [[Diospyros]] and the family [[Ebenaceae]]. The tree produces valuable [[Ebony|black wood]].

==Description==
This middle-height evergreen tree grows very slowly, up to {{convert|20|–|25|m|round=5}} tall. The leaves are elliptical with a prolonged oval form, about {{convert|6|-|15|cm|round=0.5}} long and {{convert|3|-|5|cm|round=0.5}} wide. The fruit is not very big, approximately {{convert|2|cm|4=1}} in diameter, resembling a small persimmon fruit.

==Habitat==
The tree occurs in southern [[India]], [[Sri Lanka]] and [[Indonesia]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/.../file/9c96051f4234a65407.pdf|title=ResearchGate - Share and discover research|website=ResearchGate|language=en|access-date=2017-06-28}}{{dead link|date=September 2024|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref> In Sinhalese, the tree is known as කළුවර ගස් (''Kaluwara Gas''), due to its hard black wood.

==Wood==
The sap wood of ''Diospyros ebenum'' is light-yellowish gray, with a glossy-black core occasionally containing light fibers. The wood also has metallic gloss with fine, smooth texture whose grains can be straight, a bit chaotically organized and wavy.

[[File:Diospyros ebenum 09082017.jpg|thumb|left|Sawn block of ''Diospyros ebenum'']]
In Sri Lanka, it is illegal to harvest and sell ebony wood. It possesses the following valuable qualities: high wood hardness (twice as hard as oak), easy to polish (suitable for high-quality polishing, after which it becomes perfectly smooth), it has practically no pitting, provides glossy smooth surface, water and termite-resistant. The tree's wood density is extremely high (up to {{Convert|1200|kg/m3|abbr=on}}), making it sink in water. It is also hard to treat both manually and mechanically. The wood itself is short grain, subject to cracking.

The polished wood is cold to the touch, and its heat emissions are so high that it causes melting of metal vessels in which the wood is burnt {{citation needed|date=July 2023}}.

==Uses==
In the 16th—19th centuries, the best furniture was made of Ceylon ebony. The wood was preferred for making door and window handles, tableware shanks, while the cuttings were used for knitting needles and hooks or razor handles.{{citation needed|date=July 2023}} Today, the wood is commonly used in decorative wooden inlays, handmade artwork, and for parts of musical instruments that tend to receive the most wear: piano keys, fingerboards and necks for fretted and bowed instruments, pegs, tailpieces, and nuts. It's also commonly used in turnery to make knife handles, brush holders, and chopsticks. It is also used to treat eye infections in [[Unani medicine]].<ref>{{cite journal|journal=Journal of Advances in Pharmacy Medicine and Bioallied Sciences|year=2021|volume=9|issue=2|pages=62–67|title=Medical Importance of Aabnoos (''Diospyros ebenum'' Koeing): A Review|author=Misbahuddin Azhar|author2=Dr. Mustehasan|via=ResearchGate}}</ref>

==Protection==
[[Image:Diospyros ebenum stem.jpg|thumb|''Diospyros ebenum'' bark]]
The high demand of Ceylon ebony wood has threatened this species with extinction. In 1994, the World Conservation Union, currently known as [[International Union for Conservation of Nature|IUCN]], included Ceylon ebony tree into the [[IUCN Red List|Red Book]]. However, as of 1998, IUCN has insufficient data about this species.<ref name=IUCN/> Both [[India]] and [[Sri Lanka]] have laws prohibiting international trade of the wood.{{Citation needed|date=July 2019}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Commons category-inline}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q5279626}}

[[Category:Diospyros|ebenum]]
[[Category:Trees of India]]
[[Category:Trees of Sri Lanka]]
[[Category:Plants described in 1781]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Anders Jahan Retzius]]

Saltora (community development block)

2025-08-05T10:22:29Z

Evajzp: cleanup

{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2025}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Saltora
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Community development block
| image_skyline = File:Saltora in Bankura (West Bengal).svg
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map =
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in West Bengal, India
| coordinates = {{coord|23.5333|N|86.9333|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[West Bengal]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Bankura district|Bankura]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type = [[Representative democracy]]
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 312.62
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 128
| population_total = 135,980
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]], [[Santali language|Santali]], [[English language|English]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 722 158 (Saltora) 722 153 (Tiluri)
| area_code_type = Telephone/STD code
| area_code = 03241
| registration_plate = [[List of RTO districts in India#WB.E2.80.94West Bengal|WB]]-67, [[List of RTO districts in India#WB.E2.80.94West Bengal|WB]]-68
| blank1_name_sec1 = Literacy
| blank1_info_sec1 = 61.45%
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank2_info_sec1 = [[Bankura (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bankura]]
| blank3_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency
| blank3_info_sec1 = [[Saltora (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Saltora]]
| website = {{URL|bankura.gov.in/}}
| iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:IN|IN-WB]]
| footnotes =
}}

'''Saltora''' is a [[Community development block in India|community development block]] (CD block) that forms an administrative division in the [[Bankura Sadar subdivision]] of the [[Bankura district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[West Bengal]].
Block Development officer Name - Mr.Manas Kumar Giri

==History==
===From Bishnupur kingdom to the British Raj===
{{Main|History of Bankura district}}

From around the 7th century AD till around the advent of British rule, for around a millennium, history of Bankura district is identical with the rise and fall of the Hindu Rajas of [[Bishnupur, Bankura|Bishnupur]]. The Bishnupur Rajas who were at the summit of their fortunes towards the end of the 17th century, started declining in the first half of the 18th century. First, the [[Bardhaman Raj|Maharaja of Burdwan]] seized the Fatehpur Mahal, and then the [[Bargi]] invasions laid waste their country.<ref name=omalley>{{cite web| url = http://bankura.gov.in/gezetter.htm |title = Bengal District Gazetteers: Bankura |last = O’Malley |first= L.S.S. | publisher= Bankura District Authorities | access-date = 29 August 2016}}</ref>

Bishnupur was ceded to the British with the rest of Burdwan chakla in 1760. In 1787, Bishnupur was united with [[Birbhum district|Birbhum]] to form a separate administrative unit. In 1793 it was transferred to the Burdwan collectorate. In 1879, the district acquired its present shape with the thanas of Khatra and Raipur and the outpost of Simplapal being transferred from Manbhum, and the thanas of Sonamukhi, Kotulpur and Indas being retransferred from Burdwan. However, it was known for sometime as West Burdwan and in 1881 came to be known as Bankura district.<ref name=omalley/>

==Geography==
[[File:Bakura District.svg|500px|thumb|left|Map of Bankura District showing CD blocks and municipalities]]
Saltora is located at {{Coord|23.5333|N|86.9333|E|}}. It has an average elevation of 153 [[metre]]s (505 [[foot (length)|feet]].<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/28/Saltora.html | title = Saltora, India Page | access-date = 2008-03-17 | work = West Bengal | publisher = Falling rain genomics }}</ref>

Saltora CD block is located in the north-western part of the district. The Main Bankura Upland, of which Saltora CD block is a part, is characterised by undulating terrain with many hills and ridges. The area is having a gradual descent from the [[Chota Nagpur Plateau]]. There are coal mines in Saltora, Mejia and Barjora. The soil is [[laterite]] red and hard beds are covered with scrub jungle and [[Shorea robusta|sal]] wood.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1913_PART_A_DCHB_BANKURA.pdf |title = District Census Handbook Bankura |work = pages 13-17 | publisher= Directorate of Census Operations West Bengal | access-date = 8 December 2016}}</ref>

There are two are two moderately high hills – [[Biharinath]] (in Saltora CD block) and [[Susunia]] (in Chhatna CD block). While the former rises to a height of {{convert|448|m}}, the latter attains a height of {{convert|440|m}}.<ref name= omalley1>O’Malley, L.S.S., ICS, ''Bankura'', Bengal District Gazetteers, pp. 1-20, first published 1908, 1995 reprint, Government of West Bengal</ref>

Saltora CD block is bounded by [[Salanpur (community development block)|Salanpur]] and [[Barabani (community development block)|Barabani]] CD blocks, in Paschim Bardhaman district, across the [[Damodar River|Damodar]], on the north, [[Mejia (community development block)|Mejia]] and [[Gangajalghati (community development block)|Gangajaghati]] CD blocks, on the east, [[Chhatna (community development block)|Chhatna]] CD block, on the south and [[Santuri (community development block)|Santuri]] CD block, in Purulia district, on the west.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1913_PART_A_DCHB_BANKURA.pdf| title = District Census Handbook Bankura, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A | work= Map on fifth page| publisher = Directorate of census Operations V, West Bengal |access-date = 8 April 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.mapsofindia.com/maps/westbengal/tehsil/barddhman.html| title = Bardhaman Tehsil Map | publisher = Maps of India |access-date = 8 April 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.mapsofindia.com/maps/westbengal/tehsil/puruliya.html| title = Puruliya Tehsil Map | publisher = Maps of India |access-date = 8 April 2020}}</ref>

Saltora CD block has an area of 312.62 km2. It has 1 [[Panchayat Samiti (Block)|panchayat samity]], 8 [[gram panchayat]]s, 103 gram sansads (village councils), 157 [[mouza]]s and 145 inhabited villages. [[Saltora#Police station|Saltora]] police station serves this block.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook |title = District Statistical Handbook 2014 Bankura |work = Tables 2.1, 2.2 |publisher = Department of Planning and Statistics, Government of West Bengal |access-date = 15 May 2020 |archive-date = 21 January 2019 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190121045803/http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook |url-status = dead }}</ref> Headquarters of this CD block is at Saltora.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1913_PART_A_DCHB_BANKURA.pdf |title = District Census Handbook: Bankura | work= Map of Bankura with CD block HQs and Police Stations (on the fifth page) |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal, 2011 | access-date = 20 November 2016 }}</ref>

[[Gram panchayat]]s of Saltora block/ panchayat samiti are: Bamuntore, Dhekia, Gogra, Kunuri, Pabra, Salma, Saltora and Tiluri.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://wbprd.gov.in/HtmlPage/PANCHAYATS.aspx |title = Directory of District, Subdivision, Panchayat Samiti/ Block and Gram Panchayats in West Bengal |work = Bankura - Revised in March 2008 | publisher= Panchayats and Rural Development Department, Government of West Bengal | access-date = 27 August 2016}}</ref>

==Demographics==
===Population===
According to the [[2011 Census of India]] Saltora CD Block had a total population of 135,980, all of which were rural. There were 69,732 (51%) males and 66,248 (49%) females. Population in the age range of 0 to 6 years was 17,431. [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Scheduled Castes]] numbered 46,497 (34.19%) and [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Scheduled Tribes]] numbered 25,696 (18.90%).<ref name=census2011>{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/cdb_pca_census/Houselisting-housing-WB.html |title = C.D. Block Wise Primary Census Abstract Data(PCA) | work= 2011 census: West Bengal – District-wise CD Blocks|publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India | access-date = 29 August 2016}}</ref>

In the [[Demographics of India|2001 census]], Saltora community development bloc had a total population of 121,810 of which 62,357 were males and 59,453 were females. Decadal growth for the period 1991-2001 was 9.81% for Saltora, against 13.79% in Bankura <ref name=census>{{cite web | url =http://web.cmc.net.in/wbcensus/DataTables/02/Table4_13.htm | title = Provisional population totals, West Bengal, Table 4, Bankura District | access-date = 18 August 2016 | work = Census of India 2001 | publisher = Census Commission of India|url-status=dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110928204920/http://web.cmc.net.in/wbcensus/DataTables/02/Table4_13.htm |archive-date= 28 September 2011}}</ref> growth in West Bengal was 17.84%.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wbcensus.gov.in/DataTables/02/Table4_1.htm |title=Provisional Population Totals, West Bengal. Table 4 |access-date= 17 July 2016 |work=Census of India 2001 |publisher=Census Commission of India |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927041813/http://www.wbcensus.gov.in/DataTables/02/Table4_1.htm |archive-date=27 September 2007 }}</ref>

Large villages (with 4,000+ population) in Saltora CD Block are (2011 census figures in brackets): Shirpurna (4,080), Tiluri (5,174) and Pabra (4,179).<ref name=census2011/>

Other villages in Saltora CD Block are (2011 census figures in brackets): Saltora (3,966), Salma (3,732), Bamantor (1,877), Dhekia (1,473), Kanuri (2,187) and Gogra (1,991).<ref name=census2011/>

===Literacy===
According to the 2011 census the total number of literates in Saltora CD Block was 72,854 (61.45% of the population over 6 years) out of which males numbered 44,846 (73.83% of the male population over 6 years) and females numbered 28,008 (48.45%) of the female population over 6 years). The [[Literacy#Gender disparities|gender disparity]] (the difference between female and male literacy rates) was 25.38%.<ref name=census2011/>

See also – [[List of West Bengal districts ranked by literacy rate]]

{{Literacy in CD Blocks of Bankura district|collapsible=y}}

===Language and religion===

{{bar box
|title=Religion in Saltora CD block (2011)<ref name="religion"/>
|titlebar=#FCD116
|left1=
|float=left
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Hinduism in West Bengal|Hinduism]]|darkorange|84.51}}
{{bar percent|Other (tribal religion)|maroon|12.72}}
{{bar percent|[[Islam in West Bengal|Islam]]|green|2.00}}
{{bar percent|[[Jainism in Bengal|Jainism]]|brown|0.58}}
{{bar percent|Other or not stated|black|0.19}}
}}

In the 2011 census Hindus numbered 114,904 (84.51%) in Saltora CD Block. Others were 17,293 (12.72%), Muslims 2,713 (2.00%) and Jains 794 (0.58%). Others numbered 3,201 and formed 2.35% of the population.<ref name="religion">{{Cite web |date=2011 |title=Table C-01 Population by Religion: West Bengal |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11396/download/14509/DDW19C-01%20MDDS.XLS |website=censusindia.gov.in |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref> Others include Addi Bassi, Marang Boro, Santal, Saranath, Sari Dharma, Sarna, Alchchi, Bidin, Sant, Saevdharm, Seran, Saran, Sarin, Kheria,<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/SCST-Series/ST14A.html |title = ST-14 A Details Of Religions Shown Under 'Other Religions And Persuasions' In Main Table | work= West Bengal |publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India | access-date = 28 August 2016}}</ref> and other religious communities. In 2001, Hindus were 99,022 (81.46%), others 18,441 (15.17%), Muslims 2422 (1.99%) and 1,589 (1.31%) Jains.<ref name=censusreligion2001>{{cite web| url = https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/21481/download/24613/PC01_C01_19.xls|title = Table C01 Population by Religious Community: West Bengal |publisher = [[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]] |date=2001}}</ref>

{{Pie chart
|caption = Languages of Saltora CD block (2011)<ref name="languages"/>
|label1 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]] |value1 = 81.23 |color1 = orchid
|label2 = [[Santali language|Santali]] |value2 = 16.47 |color2 = darkturquoise
|label3 = [[Hindi]] |value3 = 1.05 |color3 = orange
|label4 = Others |value4 = 1.25 |color4 = grey
}}

At the time of the 2011 census, 81.23% of the population spoke [[Bengali language|Bengali]], 16.47% [[Santali language|Santali]] and 1.05% [[Hindi]] as their first language.<ref name="languages">{{Cite web |title=Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: West Bengal |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/10226/download/13338/DDW-C16-STMT-MDDS-1900.XLSX |website=www.censusindia.gov.in |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref> [[Koda language|Koda]] is another language spoken here.

==Rural poverty==
In Saltora CD block 34.82% families were living [[Below Poverty Line (India)|below poverty line]] in 2007.<ref name=humandev2 >{{cite web| url = https://www.undp.org/content/dam/india/docs/disctrict_human_development_report_bankura.pdf |title = District Human Development Report: Bankura|work = April 2007. Page 27, Pages 237-244| publisher= UNDP/ Development & Planning Department, Government of West Bengal | access-date = 8 December 2016}}</ref> According to the Rural Household Survey in 2005, 28.87% of the total number of families were [[Below Poverty Line|BPL]] families in the Bankura district.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://220.225.90.38/Summary/WestBengal.htm| title = West Bengal Summary| work = Rural Household Survey 2005| publisher = Department of Panchayat & Rural Development, Government of West Bengal| access-date = 10 April 2020| archive-date = 13 January 2020| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200113235534/http://220.225.90.38/Summary/WestBengal.htm| url-status = dead}}</ref>

Migration has been observed in the following CD Blocks of Bankura district: Bankura I, Chhatna, Saltora, Indpur, Ranibandh, Hirbandh, Khatra, Raipur and Sarenga. Although authentic figures are not available, a sample survey has been done. According to the sample survey, around 54.5% to 85.4% of the families on an average migrate from these blocks. Another study shows that around 23% of the people from the under-privileged blocks in the western and southern Bankura migrate. Those migrating belong mostly to the SC or ST population. They migrate for periods varying from 15 days to 6/8 months. Most people migrate to meet their food deficit and go to Bardhaman and Hooghly districts but some go to Gujarat and Maharashtra as construction labour.<ref name=humandev2/>

==Economy==
===Livelihood===
{{Pie chart
|caption= '''Livelihood in Saltora CD block'''
|value1 = 24.11
|label1 = Cultivators
|value2 = 35.43
|label2 = Agricultural labourers
|value3 = 3.25
|label3 = Household industries
|value4 = 37.21
|label4 = Other Workers}}

In the Saltora CD block in 2011, among the class of total workers, cultivators numbered 13,099 and formed 24.11%, agricultural labourers numbered 19,252 and formed 35.43%, household industry workers numbered 1,766 and formed 3.25% and other workers numbered 20,218 and formed 37.21%.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1913_PART_A_DCHB_BANKURA.pdf|title = District Census Handbook Bankura, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A |work = Table 33: Distribution of Workers by Sex in Four Categories of Economic Activity in Sub-district 2011 | publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal| access-date = 8 April 2020}}</ref> Total workers numbered 54,335 and formed 39.96% of the total population, and non-workers numbered 81,645 and formed 60.04% of the population.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1913_PART_A_DCHB_BANKURA.pdf|title = District Census Handbook Bankura, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A |work = Table 30: Number and percentage of Main workers, Marginal workers and Non workers by Sex, in Sub-districts, 2011 | publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal| access-date = 8 April 2020}}</ref>

Note: In the census records a person is considered a cultivator, if the person is engaged in cultivation/ supervision of land owned by self/government/institution. When a person who works on another person's land for wages in cash or kind or share, is regarded as an agricultural labourer. Household industry is defined as an industry conducted by one or more members of the family within the household or village, and one that does not qualify for registration as a factory under the [[Factories Act,1948, India|Factories Act]]. Other workers are persons engaged in some economic activity other than cultivators, agricultural labourers and household workers. It includes factory, mining, plantation, transport and office workers, those engaged in business and commerce, teachers, entertainment artistes and so on.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1913_PART_A_DCHB_BANKURA.pdf |title = District Census Handbook Bankura, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A |work = Census Concepts and Definitions, Page 27 | publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal| access-date = 8 April 2020}}</ref>

===Infrastructure===
There are 145 inhabited villages in the Saltora CD block, as per the ''District Census Handbook'', Bankura, 2011. 100% villages have power supply. 100% villages have drinking water supply. 18 villages (12.41%) have post offices. 121 villages (83.45%) have telephones (including landlines, public call offices and mobile phones). 40 villages (27.59%) have pucca (paved) approach roads and 55 villages (37.93%) have transport communication (includes bus service, rail facility and navigable waterways). 7 villages (4.83%) have banks.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1913_PART_A_DCHB_BANKURA.pdf| title = District Census Handbook, Bankura, 2011, Series 20, Part XII A | work = Page 83, Table 36: Distribution of villages according to availability of different amenities, 2011 | publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal. | access-date = 10 April 2020}}</ref>

===Agriculture===
There were 77 fertiliser depots, 15 seed stores and 55 [[Public distribution system|fair price shops]] in the CD block.<ref name=handbook2014>{{cite web |url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook |title = District Statistical Handbook 2014 Bankura |work = Tables 8.2, 17.2, 18.2, 18.1, 20.1, 21.2, 4.4, 3.1, 3.3 – arranged as per use |publisher = Department of Planning and Statistics, Government of West Bengal |access-date = 15 May 2020 |archive-date = 21 January 2019 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190121045803/http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook |url-status = dead }}</ref>

In 2013-14, persons engaged in agriculture in Saltora CD block could be classified as follows: [[bargadar]]s 7.27%, patta (document) holders 17.35%, small farmers (possessing land between 1 and 2 hectares) 6.54%, marginal farmers (possessing land up to 1 hectare) 18.09% and agricultural labourers 50.76%.<ref name=handbook2014/>

In 2003-04 net area sown in Saltora CD block was 17,235 hectares and the area in which more than one crop was grown was 809 hectares.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.undp.org/content/dam/india/docs/disctrict_human_development_report_bankura.pdf |title = District Human Development Report: Bankura|work = April 2007. Page: 58 | publisher= UNDP/ Development & Planning Department, Government of West Bengal | access-date = 23 August 2016}}</ref>

In 2013-14, the total area irrigated in Saltora CD block was 3,300 hectares, out of which 2,400 hectares by tank water, 560 hectares by river lift irrigation, 90 hectares by open dug wells and 250 hectares by other methods.<ref name=handbook2014/>

In 2013-14, Saltora CD block produced 3,771 tonnes of [[Rice#Ecotypes and cultivars|Aman paddy]], the main winter crop, from 2,006 hectares and 25 tonnes of wheat from 10 hectares It also produced pulses and mustard.<ref name=handbook2014/>

===Handloom and pottery industries===
The handloom industry engages the largest number of persons in the non farm sector and hence is important in Bankura district. The handloom industry is well established in all the CD blocks of the district and includes the famous Baluchari saris. In 2004-05 Saltora CD block had 127 looms in operation.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.undp.org/content/dam/india/docs/disctrict_human_development_report_bankura.pdf |title = District Human Development Report: Bankura|work = April 2007. Page: 85 | publisher= UNDP/ Development & Planning Department, Government of West Bengal | access-date = 23 August 2016}}</ref>

Bankura district is famous for the artistic excellence of its pottery products that include the famous [[Bankura horse]]. The range of pottery products is categorised as follows: domestic utilities, terracota and other decorative items and roofing tiles and other heavy pottery items. Around 3,200 families were involved in pottery making in the district in 2002. 190 families were involved in Saltora CD Block.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.undp.org/content/dam/india/docs/disctrict_human_development_report_bankura.pdf |title = District Human Development Report: Bankura|work = April 2007. Pages: 83-84 | publisher= UNDP/ Development & Planning Department, Government of West Bengal | access-date = 23 August 2016}}</ref>

===Banking===
In 2013-14, Saltora CD block had offices of 6 commercial banks and 1 [[Regional Rural Bank|gramin banks]].<ref name=handbook2014/>

===Backward Regions Grant Fund===
The Bankura district is listed as a backward region and receives financial support from the [[Backward Regions Grant Fund]]. The fund, created by the Government of India, is designed to redress regional imbalances in development. As of 2012, 272 districts across the country were listed under this scheme. The list includes 11 districts of West Bengal.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.panchayat.gov.in/documents/10198/0/BRGFFINALGUIDELINES.pdf | title = Backward Regions Grant Funds: Programme Guidelines | publisher = Ministry of Panchayati Raj, Government of India | access-date = 10 April 2020 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20171030225317/http://www.panchayat.gov.in/documents/10198/0/BRGFFINALGUIDELINES.pdf | archive-date = 30 October 2017 | url-status = dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=84879 | title= Backward Regions Grant Fund| work= Press Release, 14 June 2012 |publisher= Press Information Bureau, Government of India | access-date = 10 April 2020}}</ref>

==Transport==
In 2013-14, Saltora CD Block had 4 ferry services and 6 originating/ terminating bus routes. The nearest railway station is 15 km from the CD Block headquarters.<ref name=handbook2014/>

The Raghunathpur-Saltora and Saltora-Bankura sections of [[State Highway 8 (West Bengal)]] running from Santaldih (in Purulia district) to Majhdia (in Nadia district) passes through this CD Block.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.wbtrafficpolice.com/state-highways.php |title = List of State Highways in West Bengal | publisher= West Bengal Traffic Police | access-date = 23 August 2016}}</ref>

==Education==
Saltora has three colleges. - 1. [[Saltora Netaji Centenary College]], 2. Saltora [https://www.saltorabedcollege.com/ B.Ed.College], 3. D.El.Ed.College (Saltora Elementary Teacher Educational Programme Institute)

In 2013-14, Saltora CD Block had 122 primary schools with 13,388 students, 16 middle schools with 1,692 students, 8 high schools with 6,460 students and 7 higher secondary schools with 5,111 students. Saltora CD Block had 1 general college with 1,532 students, 1 technical and professional institution with 100 students, 288 institutions for special and non-formal education with 7,097 students. Saltora CD Block had 8 mass literacy centres. The only Govt School in this block is Govt Model School, Saltora, Located at vill Pabaya. It is a co-ed Eng medium School from class V-XII(WBBSE) <ref>{{cite web | url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook | title = District Statistical Handbook 2014 Bankura | work = Tables 4.4, 4.6 | publisher = Department of Planning and Statistics, Government of West Bengal | access-date = 15 May 2020 | archive-date = 21 January 2019 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190121045803/http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook | url-status = dead }}</ref>

See also – [[Education in India]]

According to the 2011 census, in the Saltora CD block, among the 145 inhabited villages, 26 villages did not have a school, 35 villages had two or more primary schools, 33 villages had at least 1 primary and 1 middle school and 15 villages had at least 1 middle and 1 secondary school.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1913_PART_A_DCHB_BANKURA.pdf| title = District Census Handbook, Bankura, 2011, Series 20, Part XII A | work = Page 1293, Appendix I A: Villages by number of Primary Schools and Appendix I B: Villages by Primary, Middle and Secondary Schools | publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal. | access-date = 10 April 2020}}</ref>

==Culture==
There is an old temple at the foot of Biharinath hill. With the discovery of [[Paleolithic]] tools in the Biharinath area, the hill and the surrounding areas have come into focus of archaeologists.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.uispp.ipt.pt/UISPPprogfin/Livro2.pdf
| title = Status of Prehistoric studies in the twenty first century in India| access-date = 2008-03-13 | work = C01-13 Progress of Prehistory in Bengal: a cultural overview | publisher = UISPP / IUPPS │ XV Congress}}</ref>

==Healthcare==
In 2014, Saltora CD Block had 1 rural hospital, 3 primary health centres and 1 private nursing home with total 61 beds and 6 doctors. It had 23 family welfare sub centres and 1 family welfare centre. 5,255 patients were treated indoor and 142,080 patients were treated outdoor in the hospitals, health centres and subcentres of the CD Block.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook | title = District Statistical Handbook 2014 Bankura | work = Tables 3.1, 3.2, 3.3 | publisher = Department of Planning and Statistics, Government of West Bengal | access-date = 15 May 2020 | archive-date = 21 January 2019 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190121045803/http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook | url-status = dead }}</ref>

Saltora Rural Hospital, with 30 beds at [[Saltora]], is the major government medical facility in the Saltora CD block. There are [[Primary Health Centre (India)|primary health centres]] at Gogra (with 10 beds), Ituri (Tiluri) (with 10 beds) and Kashtora (with 6 beds).<ref>{{cite web | url =https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/other_files/RH.pdf | title =Health & Family Welfare Department | work =Health Statistics – Rural Hospitals | publisher =Government of West Bengal | access-date =10 April 2020 | archive-date =8 October 2022 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20221008143352/https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/other_files/RH.pdf | url-status =dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/other_files/PHC.pdf | title = Health & Family Welfare Department | work = Health Statistics – Primary Health Centres | publisher = Government of West Bengal | access-date = 10 April 2020 | archive-date = 21 April 2018 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180421215645/https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/other_files/PHC.pdf | url-status = dead }}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist|3}}

==External links==
{{Wikivoyage-inline|Biharinath}}

{{Municipalities of West Bengal}}
{{Bankura topics}}

[[Category:Community development blocks in Bankura district]]

Jhansi Rani Square metro station

2025-07-22T06:10:30Z

Evajzp:

{{short description|Nagpur Metro's Aqua Line metro station}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2023}}
{{Infobox station
| name = Jhansi Rani Square
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| symbol_location =
| symbol =
| type = {{Nagpur Metro Infobox station line|line=Aqua}}
| style = Nagpur Metro
| image = Jhansi Rani Square metro station.jpg
| alt =
| caption =
| address = Ramdaspeth, Nagpur, Maharashtra 440012
| borough =
| country =
| coordinates = {{coord|21.14058|79.07776|display=inline,title}}
| owned = [[Maharashtra Metro Rail Corporation Limited]] (MAHA-METRO)
| operator = [[Nagpur Metro]]
| line = {{rcb|Nagpur Metro|Aqua|croute}}
| distance =
| platforms = [[Side platform]] Platform-1 → [[Prajapati Nagar metro station|Prajapati Nagar]] Platform-2 → [[Lokmanya Nagar metro station|Lokmanya Nagar]]
| tracks = 2
| train_operators =
| connections =
| structure = [[Elevated]], [[Double-track railway|Double track]]
| levels = 2
| parking =
| bicycle =
| architectural_style =
| accessible = Yes {{access icon}}
| code =
| zone =
| website =
| opened = {{Start date and age|df=yes|2020|01|28}}
| closed = 
| passengers =
| pass_year =
| pass_rank =
| services = {{Adjacent stations|system=Nagpur Metro|line=Aqua|left=Sitabuldi|right=Institution of Engineers}}
| electrified = {{25 kV 50 Hz}} [[Overhead line|overhead catenary]]
| route_map = {{Nagpur Metro East-West Line}}
| map_state = collapsed
| mapframe = yes
| mapframe-marker = rail
| mapframe-marker-color = #{{rail color|Nagpur Metro|Aqua}}
| mapframe-zoom = 14
}}

'''Jhansi Rani Square''' is an elevated metro station on the East-West corridor of the [[Aqua Line (Nagpur Metro)|Aqua Line]] of [[Nagpur Metro]] in [[Nagpur]], India. It was opened on 28 January 2020.<ref>{{cite web |title=After 144-day delay, Metro's Aqua Line makes a splash |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/nagpur/after-144-day-delay-metros-aqua-line-makes-a-splash/articleshow/73709587.cms |website=The Times of India |access-date=26 November 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Nagpur Metro's Aqua Line inaugurated today. Check new routes, timings |url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/nagpur-metro-s-aqua-line-inaugurated-today-check-new-routes-timings-11580199039676.html |website=Mint |access-date=26 November 2021 |date=28 January 2020}}</ref>

A [[mural]] of [[Rani Lakshmibai]] was installed on the station's facade in September 2020. The mural was designed by Deepti Deshpande of Hastankit, and is made of [[mild steel]]. It measures 16.5 feet by 9 feet and weighs about 200 kg.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-09-04|title=Jhansi Rani Mural Installed at Maha Metro Station|url=https://www.nagpurtoday.in/jhansi-rani-mural-installed-at-maha-metro-station/09041822|access-date=2021-11-26|website=Nagpur Today}}</ref>

==Station layout==
{{stack|{{Routemap
| title = Jhansi Rani Square track layout
| title-bg = #{{rail color|Nagpur Metro|Aqua}}
| legend = track
| collapsible = no
| map = vCONTgfa
cPLT\vSTR\cPLT ~~ ~~ ~~ to [[Institution of Engineers metro station|Institution of Engineers]]
*'''P2'''\cPLT\vSTR\cPLT\*'''P1'''
cPLT\vSTR\cPLT ~~ ~~ ~~ to [[Sitabuldi metro station|Sitabuldi]] {{rcb|Nagpur Metro|Orange|croute}}
vCONTgfe
| bottom = <div style="width:23.5em;text-align:center">Station with two tracks and two side platforms</div>
}}}}
{|table border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=3
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px grey;border-top:solid 1px grey;" width=50 valign=top|'''G'''
|style="border-top:solid 1px grey;border-bottom:solid 1px grey;" width=100 valign=top|Street level
|style="border-top:solid 1px grey;border-bottom:solid 1px grey;" width=500 valign=top|Exit/Entrance
|-
|valign=top|'''L1'''
|valign=top|Mezzanine
|valign=top|Fare control, station agent, Metro Card vending machines, crossover 
|-
|style="border-top:solid 1px grey;border-bottom:solid 1px grey;" width=50 rowspan=4 valign=top|'''L2'''
|style="border-top:solid 1px grey;border-right:solid 2px black;border-left:solid 2px black;border-bottom:solid 2px black;text-align:center;" colspan=2|[[Side platform]] | Doors will open on the left {{access icon}}
|-
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px grey;" width=100|'''Platform 1''' '''Eastbound'''
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px grey;" width=500|Towards → [[Prajapati Nagar metro station|Prajapati Nagar]] '''Next Station:''' [[Sitabuldi metro station|Sitabuldi]] '''''Change at the next station for '''{{rcb|Nagpur Metro|orange|route}}''
|-
|'''Platform 2''' '''Westbound'''
|Towards ← [[Lokmanya Nagar metro station|Lokmanya Nagar]] '''Next Station:''' [[Institution of Engineers metro station|Institution of Engineers]]
|-
|style="border-top:solid 2px black;border-right:solid 2px black;border-left:solid 2px black;border-bottom:solid 1px grey;" colspan=2 align=center|[[Side platform]] | Doors will open on the left {{access icon}}
|-
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px grey;" width=50 rowspan=2 valign=top|'''L2'''
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px grey;" width=100|
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px grey;" width=500|
|-
|}

==See also==
* [[Nagpur]]
* [[Maharashtra]]
* [[List of Nagpur Metro stations]]
* [[Urban rail transit in India#Rapid transit|Rapid transit in India]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Nagpur Metro navbox}}

[[Category:Nagpur Metro stations]]
[[Category:Railway stations in India opened in 2020]]

KSRTC Terminal Complex Thiruvalla

2025-06-19T07:45:25Z

Evajzp: started a entry.

{{Short description | Bus station in Kerala, India}}
{{Infobox station
| name = KSRTC Bus Terminal Complex Thiruvalla
| native_name = കെ എസ് ആർ ടി സി ബസ് ടെർമിനൽ കോംപ്ലക്സ് തിരുവല്ല
| native_name_lang = ml
| symbol =
| image = File:Thiruvalla Bus Terminal Complex.jpg
| address = [[Thiruvalla]], [[Kerala]]
| country = {{flag|India}}
| coordinates = {{coord|9.3866721|76.5747050|display=inline,title}}
| transit_authority = [[Kerala State Road Transport Corporation|KSRTC]]
| platforms = 16 Bus Bays
| bus_operators = {{collapsible list|bullets=yes
| 1 = [[Kerala State Road Transport Corporation|KSRTC]]
| 2 = [[Kerala Urban Road Transport Corporation|KURTC]]
| 3 = [[Tamil Nadu State Transport Corporation|TNSTC]]
| 4 = [[KSRTC SWIFT]]
}}
| structure = Below-grade
| levels =
| parking = Yes (2 basement floors)
| accessible = ♿️ Wheelchair access
| architect = Koshy P. Alex
| architectural_style = Modern
| code =
| zone =
| website =
| opened =
| mapframe = yes
| mapframe-caption = Phone: 0469-2602945
| footnotes =
}}

'''KSRTC Bus Terminal Complex Thiruvalla''' is a transport hub located in the [[Thiruvalla]] town in the Indian state of [[Kerala]], owned and operated by [[Kerala State Road Transport Corporation]] (KSRTC) under its [[Kerala State Road Transport Corporation#Zones|south]] zone with depot code '''TVL'''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=KeralaRTC Official Website - keralartc.com |url=https://www.keralartc.com/unit.html |access-date=2023-11-13 |website=www.keralartc.com |archive-date=2021-06-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210604095619/https://www.keralartc.com/unit.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2015-06-04 |title=KSRTC terminal gives Thiruvalla a major facelift |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/ksrtc-terminal-gives-thiruvalla-a-major-facelift/article7284792.ece |access-date=2023-11-13 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> It is located near SCS Junction and is accessible via [[NH 183]]. It is one of the four [[Build–operate–transfer|BOT]] projects of KSRTC under KTDFC (others are in [[Angamaly]], [[Kozhikode#Transport|Kozhikode]] and [[Central bus station Thiruvananthapuram|Thampanoor]]).<ref>{{Cite web |title=About Us |url=http://www.ktdfc.kerala.gov.in/profile/about-us#:~:text=Thereafter,%20KTDFC%20undertook%20the%20construction,Thiruvalla%20and%20(4)%20Kozhikode. |access-date=2023-11-13 |website=www.ktdfc.kerala.gov.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Mounting debts: KSRTC to hand over shopping complexes to KTDFC |url=https://www.onmanorama.com/news/kerala/2023/02/25/ksrtc-to-hand-over-shopping-complexes-ktdfc.html |access-date=2023-11-13 |website=www.onmanorama.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-11-02 |title=Govt to sell, mortgage KSRTC's shopping complexes to cover KTDFC's financial liabilities |url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/news/kerala/govt-to-sell-mortgage-ksrtc-s-shopping-complexes-to-cover-ktdfc-s-financial-liabilities-1.9037595 |access-date=2023-11-13 |website=English.Mathrubhumi |language=en}}</ref>

It offers services to [[Ernakulam]] via both [[NH 183]] (along Kottayam and Ettumanoor) and [[NH 66]] (along Alappuzha and Cherthala) and towards state capital [[Thiruvananthapuram]] via [[SH-1 Kerala|SH-1]] (along Kottarakkara and Kilimanoor).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Blog |first=KSRTC |title=THIRUVALLA BS (TVL) - THIRUVANANTHAPURAM (TVM) - KSRTC Kerala Bus Timings Powered By Team KSRTC Blog |url=https://www.aanavandi.com/search/results/source/thiruvalla-bs-(tvl)/destination/thiruvananthapuram-(tvm)/timing/all |access-date=2023-11-13 |website=Aanavandi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Blog |first=KSRTC |title=THIRUVALLA BS (TVL) - ERNAKULAM BS (EKM) - KSRTC Kerala Bus Timings Powered By Team KSRTC Blog |url=https://www.aanavandi.com/search/results/source/thiruvalla-bs-(tvl)/destination/ernakulam-bs-(ekm)/timing/all |access-date=2023-11-13 |website=Aanavandi}}</ref> Long Distance transit includes [[Guruvayur]], [[Kozhikode]], [[Palakkad]] and [[Thrissur]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Blog |first=KSRTC |title=THIRUVALLA BS (TVL) - KOZHIKKODE (KKD) - KSRTC Kerala Bus Timings Powered By Team KSRTC Blog |url=https://www.aanavandi.com/search/results/source/thiruvalla-bs-(tvl)/destination/kozhikkode-(kkd)/timing/all |access-date=2023-11-13 |website=Aanavandi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Blog |first=KSRTC |title=THIRUVALLA BS (TVL) - GURUVAYOOR (GVR) - KSRTC Kerala Bus Timings Powered By Team KSRTC Blog |url=https://www.aanavandi.com/search/results/source/thiruvalla-bs-(tvl)/destination/guruvayoor-(gvr)/timing/all |access-date=2023-11-13 |website=Aanavandi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Blog |first=KSRTC |title=THIRUVALLA BS (TVL) - PALAKKAD (PLK) - KSRTC Kerala Bus Timings Powered By Team KSRTC Blog |url=https://www.aanavandi.com/search/results/source/thiruvalla-bs-(tvl)/destination/palakkad-(plk)/timing/all |access-date=2023-11-13 |website=Aanavandi}}</ref> Inter-state transit includes [[Bangalore]], [[Coimbatore]], [[Madurai]], [[Tenkasi]] and [[Tirunelveli]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Blog |first=KSRTC |title=THIRUVALLA BS (TVL) - BANGALORE (SATELLITE, MAJESTIC) - KSRTC Kerala Bus Timings Powered By Team KSRTC Blog |url=https://www.aanavandi.com/search/results/source/thiruvalla-bs-(tvl)/destination/bangalore-(satellite,-majestic)/timing/all |access-date=2023-11-13 |website=Aanavandi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Blog |first=KSRTC |title=THIRUVALLA BS (TVL) - MADURAI - KSRTC Kerala Bus Timings Powered By Team KSRTC Blog |url=https://www.aanavandi.com/search/results/source/thiruvalla-bs-(tvl)/destination/madurai/timing/all |access-date=2023-11-13 |website=Aanavandi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Blog |first=KSRTC |title=THIRUVALLA BS (TVL) - THIRUNELVELI - KSRTC Kerala Bus Timings Powered By Team KSRTC Blog |url=https://www.aanavandi.com/search/results/source/thiruvalla-bs-(tvl)/destination/thirunelveli/timing/all |access-date=2023-11-13 |website=Aanavandi}}</ref>

== History ==
In 2006, the then Transport Minister and incumbent [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]] of Thiruvalla, [[Mathew T. Thomas]] started a few bus terminal projects across the state. Work on the [[Thiruvalla]] terminal took off in August 2010. As part of this, KSRTC depot of Thiruvalla shifted operations temporarily to a ground near the Municipal Stadium. The project was a joint venture of [[Kerala State Road Transport Corporation]] and the Kerala Transport Development Finance Corporation (KTDFC) on [[Build–operate–transfer]] method. Mumbai-based Naresh Builders undertook the project based on the design by the Thiruvananthapuram-based architect Koshy P. Alex of Vasthushilpalaya. KTDFC initially set the target completion date at August 31, 2013; however, this got delayed by two years due to political reasons. The project was completed and opened to public on June 6, 2015.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Thiruvalla complex a scarecrow |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/amp/nation/in-other-news/060817/thiruvalla-complex-a-scarecrow.html |access-date=2022-11-06 |website=[[Deccan Chronicle]]|date=6 August 2017 }}</ref><ref name="KSRTC terminal gives Thiruvalla a major facelift">{{Cite news |date=2015-06-04 |title=KSRTC terminal gives Thiruvalla a major facelift |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/ksrtc-terminal-gives-thiruvalla-a-major-facelift/article7284792.ece |access-date=2022-11-06 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

== Overview ==
The modern bus terminal-cum-shopping mall built at a cost of ₹41.38 crores is 12 storied and has a total [[plinth]] area of nearly {{Convert|200000|sqft|m2|abbr=on|order=flip}}. It features two basement floors exclusive for parking purposes and the ground floor acting as platforms. All other 9 elevated floors is designated for commercial purposes. Unlike the original plan, the top two floors have been made into two multiplexes. However, the complex is not centrally air-conditioned, making it less attractive for major business groups and commercial usage.

The bus terminal has 16 bus bays having a plinth area of {{Convert|16236|sqft|m2|abbr=on|order=flip}}. The ground floor also has the KSRTC office, police aid-post, security personnel's room, cloak room, canteen and a few shops. A separate 4 storey building that houses garage, administrative office and retiring rooms for the staff is also constructed on the {{Convert|2.96|acre|m2|abbr=in|order=flip}} premises.<ref name="KSRTC terminal gives Thiruvalla a major facelift" /><ref>{{Cite news |date=2015-05-06 |title=Concern over delay in opening new bus terminal at Thiruvalla |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/concern-over-delay-in-opening-new-bus-terminal-at-thiruvalla/article7179165.ece |access-date=2022-11-06 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> The terminal is now enabled with free public [[Wi-Fi]] access as part of the K-Fi project of the state government.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-07-26 |title=Kerala now has 1,887 free WiFi zones across the state, more under way |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/kerala-now-has-1887-free-wifi-zones-across-state-more-under-way-106143 |access-date=2022-11-07 |website=The News Minute |language=en}}</ref>
== Platforms ==
[[File:Platform Positions at KSRTC Terminal Complex Thiruvalla.jpg|left|thumb|Platform positions at the terminal complex (unruled)|300px]]
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Sl. No
!Platform(s)
!Note
!Destination(s) served
|-
|'''1.'''
|PF 1
PF 2
|
|Towards [[Mallapally]], [[Paippad]], [[Kunnamthanam]], [[Kallooppara]], [[Chunkappara]].

|-
| rowspan="2" |'''2.'''
|PF 3
PF 4
| rowspan="2" |{{flagicon image|BYPASS RIDER service logo.jpg}}''(Bypass Rider Slot)''
| rowspan="2" |Towards [[Changanassery]], [[Kottayam]], [[Vyttila]], [[Ernakulam]], [[Thrissur]], [[Malampuzha]], [[Vazhikkadavu]], [[Palakkad]], [[Kozhikode]], [[Guruvayur]], [[Coimbatore|Coimbatore (Inter-State)]].

|-
|PF 5
PF 6
|-
|'''3.'''
|PF 7
PF 8
|
|Towards [[Alappuzha]], [[Chakkulathukavu Temple]], [[Edathua]], [[Haripad]], [[Ambalappuzha]], [[Ernakulam|Ernakulam (via Alappuzha)]].
|-
|'''4.'''
|PF 9
|
|Towards [[Bangalore]], [[Madurai]], [[Tenkasi]] (as Inter-State services).
|-
|'''5.'''
|PF 10
PF 11
|
|Towards [[Parumala]], [[Mannar, Alappuzha|Mannar]], [[Karunagappalli]], [[Mavelikkara]], [[Chettikulangara]], [[Kayamkulam]], [[Kollam]], [[Thiruvananthapuram|Thiruvananthapuram (via Kollam)]].

|-
|'''6.'''
|PF 12
PF 13
| rowspan="2" |{{flagicon image|BYPASS RIDER service logo.jpg}}
''(Bypass Rider Slot)''
|Towards [[Punalur]], [[Kozhencherry]], [[Pathanamthitta]], [[Konni, Kerala|Konni]], [[Pathanapuram]].
|-
|'''7.'''
|PF 14
PF 15
|Towards [[Chengannur]], [[Pandalam]], [[Adoor]], [[Kottarakkara]], [[Kilimanoor]], [[Chadayamangalam]], [[Thiruvananthapuram|Thiruvananthapuram (via Kottarakkara)]].
|-
|'''8.'''
|PF 16
|
|Towards [[Ranni, Kerala|Ranni]], [[Eraviperoor]], [[Vennikulam]], [[Thadiyoor]].
|}
''<ref>{{Cite web |title=KSRTC Thiruvalla |url=https://www.facebook.com/ksrtctvla |access-date=2022-11-07 |website=www.facebook.com |language=en}}</ref>(also based on information collected on-site in 2022)''

==Gallery==
<gallery center""="" mode="packed">
File:Facade of the KSRTC terminal Complex Thiruvalla.jpg|Facade of the Terminal Complex.
File:Side view of KSRTC BusTerminal Complex Thiruvalla.jpg|South side view of the Terminal Complex.
File:VOLVO_8400_Bus_of_KURTC_departing_from_KSRTC_Thiruvalla.webm|VOLVO 8400 Bus of KURTC departing from KSRTC Thiruvalla.
File:VOLVO 8400 Bus of KURTC at KSRTC Thiruvalla.jpg|[[Volvo Buses|VOLVO 8400]] Bus of [[KURTC]] departing from its slot in Platform 6.
File:VOLVO 8400 Bus of KURTC exiting KSRTC Thiruvalla.jpg|Bus towards [[Central Bus Station Thiruvananthapuram|Thiruvananthapuram Central]] exiting the Terminal.
File:Indian_Oil_Pumb,_KSRTC_Thiruvalla.jpg|Inbuilt pump of [[Indian Oil Corporation|Indian Oil]]. Administrative Office in background.
</gallery>

==See also==
*[[Kerala State Road Transport Corporation|KSRTC]]
*[[Transport in Kerala]]
*[[Vyttila Mobility Hub]]
*[[Central bus station Thiruvananthapuram|Thampanoor bus station]]
*[[Pandalam KSRTC Bus Station]]
*[[Thavakkara Bus Terminal Kannur]]

== References ==
<references />

[[Category:Bus stations in Kerala]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Pathanamthitta district]]
[[Category:Transport in Pathanamthitta district]]
[[Category:Bus stations in India]]

Akrura

2025-05-21T20:57:37Z

Evajzp: added info

{{Short description|Uncle of Krishna in Hinduism}}
{{Infobox deity
| type = Hindu
| name = Akrura
| image = Krishna and Balarama Being Driven by Akrura to Mathura, Folio from a Bhagavata Purana (Ancient Stories of the Lord) LACMA M.71.49.1.jpg
| caption = Akrura (right) drives Krishna and Balarama to Mathura. Folio from the Bhagavata Purana.
| parents = Śvaphalka (father), Gandini or Nandinī (mother)
| texts = [[Puranas]], [[Mahabharata]]
| dynasty = [[Yadu dynasty|Yaduvamsha]]
| spouse = Ugraseni
| children = Sudeva and Upadeva (sons)
| siblings = Upasanja, Mangu, Mridura, Arimejaya, Girikshipa, Upiksha, Shatruha, Arimardana, Dharmabhrit, Yatidharma, Gridhra, Bhoja, Andhaka, Suvahu, and Prativahu (brothers), Sundari (sister) <ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.wisdomlib.org/hinduism/book/harivamsha-purana-dutt/d/doc485515.html | title=An Account of Svyamantaka Jewel [Chapter 38] | date=14 November 2020 }}</ref>
}}
'''Akrura''' ({{Langx|sa|अक्रूर|lit=not cruel|translit=Akrūra}}) is a [[Yadu dynasty|Yadava]] prince in [[Hinduism]], best known for being the uncle of the deity [[Krishna]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=www.wisdomlib.org |date=2019-01-28 |title=Story of Akrūra |url=https://www.wisdomlib.org/hinduism/compilation/puranic-encyclopaedia/d/doc241369.html |access-date=2022-11-26 |website=www.wisdomlib.org |language=en}}</ref> The son of Śvaphalka and Gandini, a daughter of the king of [[Varanasi|Kashi]],<ref name="Garg1992">Garg, pp. 305-306.</ref> he is instructed by [[Kamsa]] to drive his nephews, Krishna and [[Balarama]], to a Dhanuryāga (festival of arms) at [[Mathura]], where they were to be slain.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Iyengar |first=T. R. R. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MmURAQAAIAAJ&q=dhanuryaga |title=Hindu Mythology |date=2004 |publisher=Intellectual Book Corner |isbn=978-81-7076-104-4 |pages=314 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Walker |first=Benjamin |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6zj3DwAAQBAJ&dq=akrura+uncle+krishna&pg=PA562 |title=Hindu World: An Encyclopedic Survey of Hinduism. In Two Volumes. Volume I A-L |date=2019-04-09 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-429-62465-0 |pages=562 |language=en}}</ref> He bears witness to the [[vishvarupa]] (theophany) of Krishna during this journey. Akrura becomes the owner of the [[Syamantaka]] jewel after the death of its previous owner, [[Satrajit]]. He is slain during the internecine [[Mausala Parva|Yadu massacre]] at Prabhasa.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Books |first=Kausiki |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fPdJEAAAQBAJ&dq=dhanuryaga&pg=PT154 |title=Bhagavatha Maha Purana 1st Skanda : English translation only without Slokas |date=2021-07-12 |publisher=Kausiki Books |pages=154 |language=en}}</ref>

==Legend==
{{Hindu mythology}}
According to the [[Harivamsa|Harivamsha]], Akrura marries Ugraseni, the daughter of [[Ugrasena]], who gives birth to two sons, Sudeva and Upadeva. [[F. E. Pargiter|F.E. Pargiter]] states that Akrura weds Sutanu, the daughter of Ahuka, and with her he had two sons, Devaka and Updevaka.<ref name="Garg1992" /> He is said to have reigned at [[Dvārakā|Dvaraka]], and Pargiter believes that the family's chiefdom stretched as far back as [[Vrishni]].

=== Charioteer of Krishna and Balarama ===
[[File:AMBASSADOR AKRURA MEETING KRISHNA AT GOKULAM WITH A MESSAGE FROM KAMSA.jpg|thumb|Ambassador Akrura meeting Krishna at Gokulam with a message from Kamsa]]Akrura's cousin, [[Kamsa]], ruled as the king of the [[Yadu dynasty|Yadus]], based in his capital at [[Mathura]]. In the [[Vishnu Purana]], prophesied to be killed by his nephew, Krishna, he ordered Akrura to summon Krishna and Balarama upon his chariot to Mathura. An invitation was to be issued, under the pretext of inviting them to the Dhanuryāga festival, to be held on the fourteenth day of the lunar month, where he schemed to have them murdered. Kamsa informed Akrura that following the death of his nephews, he wished to seize all the possessions of the cowherds, and rule in concert with him.<ref>{{Cite web |last=www.wisdomlib.org |date=2014-08-30 |title=Kansa sent Akrura to invite Krishna [Chapter XV] |url=https://www.wisdomlib.org/hinduism/book/vishnu-purana-wilson/d/doc116037.html#note-e-59929 |access-date=2022-11-26 |website=www.wisdomlib.org |language=en}}</ref> As a devotee of [[Vishnu]], Akrura was excited at the prospect of meeting Krishna. After his arrival to [[Gokul]]am, he saw Krishna and his brother among the cattle, wondering if they would despise him for his association with Kamsa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=www.wisdomlib.org |date=2014-08-30 |title=Journey of Akrura to Gokula [Chapter XVII] |url=https://www.wisdomlib.org/hinduism/book/vishnu-purana-wilson/d/doc116039.html |access-date=2022-11-26 |website=www.wisdomlib.org |language=en}}</ref> The brothers, however, treated their uncle with hospitality, and he proceeded to tell them about the mistreatment of [[Vasudeva]], [[Devaki]], and Ugrasena under the tyranny of Kamsa, and the reason for which he had been dispatched. The brothers agreed to accompany Akrura to Mathura the following day. The [[Gopi|milkmaids]] lamented the departure of Krishna from [[Braj|Vraja]], calling Akrura cruel for taking him away from them. During their journey, Akrura bathed in the waters of the [[Yamuna]], where he witnessed the celestial forms of Balarama as [[Shesha]] and Krishna as Vishnu, and eulogised them. Reaching Mathura, he informed them that they would have to walk the royal road from that point forward, and he proceeded ahead alone in his chariot.<ref>{{Cite web |last=www.wisdomlib.org |date=2014-08-30 |title=Krishna depart for Mathura [Chapter XVIII] |url=https://www.wisdomlib.org/hinduism/book/vishnu-purana-wilson/d/doc116040.html |access-date=2022-11-26 |website=www.wisdomlib.org |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=www.wisdomlib.org |date=2014-08-30 |title=Slaughter of a washerman, the servant of Kansa [Chapter XIX] |url=https://www.wisdomlib.org/hinduism/book/vishnu-purana-wilson/d/doc116041.html |access-date=2022-11-26 |website=www.wisdomlib.org |language=en}}</ref>[[File:Brooklyn Museum - Akrura Speaks to the Cowherds Page from an Unidentified Hindu Manuscript.jpg|thumb|Akrura speaks to the gopis]]

=== Possession of the Syamantaka ===
The [[Harivamsa|Harivamsha]] states that Akrura obtained the legendary jewel called the [[Syamantaka]] after it was given to him for safekeeping by Shatadhanva. Shatadhanva had slain Satrajit, the previous owner of the jewel, and had given it to Akrura, as he had expressed a desire to obtain it in the past. Akrura promised Shatadhanva that he would not part with the jewel. Shatadhanva assured Akrura of his protection if Krishna attacked him. Even as Shatadhanva was slain by Krishna, Akrura commenced a great sacrifice called the Akrura [[Yajna]], where he offered enough jewellery and articles of wealth generated from the jewel to last sixty-thousand years. Krishna caught wind of these events, and wished Akrura to return the Syamantaka to him at [[Dvārakā|Dvaraka]]. Akrura offered the Syamantaka, as well as the hand in marriage of his sister, Sushila, to Krishna. Pleased, Krishna allowed Akrura to keep the jewel.<ref>{{Cite web |last=www.wisdomlib.org |date=2020-11-14 |title=An Account of Akrura [Chapter 39] |url=https://www.wisdomlib.org/hinduism/book/harivamsha-purana-dutt/d/doc485516.html |access-date=2022-11-26 |website=www.wisdomlib.org |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Coulter |first1=Charles Russell |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=62hnEAAAQBAJ&dq=akrura+uncle+krishna&pg=PA447 |title=Encyclopedia of Ancient Deities |last2=Turner |first2=Patricia |date=2020-11-12 |publisher=McFarland |isbn=978-1-4766-8556-4 |pages=447 |language=en}}</ref>

=== Meeting Dhritarashtra ===
In the [[Bhagavata Purana]], Krishna sent Akrura to [[Hastinapur]]a to meet [[Dhritarashtra]], the king of the [[Kaurava|Kurus]], to determine if the monarch was being influenced by his son, [[Duryodhana]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=www.wisdomlib.org |date=2022-09-02 |title=Visit to the Houses of Trivakrā and Akrūra [Chapter 48] |url=https://www.wisdomlib.org/hinduism/book/the-bhagavata-purana/d/doc1128916.html |access-date=2022-11-26 |website=www.wisdomlib.org |language=en}}</ref> Having arrived at Hastinapura, Akrura met [[Kunti]], his cousin, who tearfully enquired if Krishna still remembered her, and told him that she had sought salvation in the deity. Akrura met the Kuru king, and spoke to him regarding his partiality towards the [[Kaurava]]s, as well as his conduct in occupying the throne rather than install [[Yudhishthira|Yudhisthira]] as the rightful king. Dhritarashtra admitted that he was being partial towards his sons, though he still regarded Krishna to be [[God]]. Having gathered the king's thoughts, Akrura departed Hastinapura to inform Krishna of his visit.<ref>{{Cite web |last=www.wisdomlib.org |date=2022-09-02 |title=Akrūra's Mission to Hastinapura [Chapter 49] |url=https://www.wisdomlib.org/hinduism/book/the-bhagavata-purana/d/doc1128917.html |access-date=2022-11-26 |website=www.wisdomlib.org |language=en}}</ref>

== Veneration ==
[[File:ShriAkrurte.PNG|right|thumb|220x220px|Akrura with Krishna and Balarama, Gopi Nath Temple]]

=== Akrura Ghat ===
Akrura Ghat is one of the bathing [[ghats]] at [[Vrindavan]], in the [[Mathura district]]. This is the place where Krishna and Balarama are believed to have revealed their forms of [[Lord Vishnu|Vishnu]] and [[Sesha Naga|Shesha]] to Akrura.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Knapp |first=Stephen |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=d1JJCgAAQBAJ&dq=akrura+ghat+vrindavan&pg=PT73 |title=Seeing Spiritual India: A Guide to Temples, Holy Sites, Festivals and Traditions |date=2008-05-29 |publisher=iUniverse |isbn=978-0-595-61452-3 |pages=73 |language=en}}</ref> The text Adi [[Varaha Purana]] illustrates Akrura Ghat as the king of all holy places.{{Citation needed|date=November 2022}}

One of the major attractions is an ancient Gopi Nath temple dedicated to Krishna and Balarama. Akrura is depicted standing in between the two. It is believed that one can eradicate all his sins by bathing here during a full moon.{{Citation needed|date=November 2022}}

==References==
{{Commons category}}
<references />

== External links ==
*[https://books.google.com/books?id=mvXsDwAAQBAJ&dq=akrura+encyclopedia&pg=PA22 Vettam Mani's Puranic Encyclopedia - Akrura]
*{{cite book |title=Encyclopaedia of the Hindu world, Volume 2 |first=Gaṅgā Rām |last=Garg |publisher=Concept Publishing Company |year=1992 |isbn=978-81-7022-375-7 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WjDcd0cTFxQC}}
*{{cite book |last=Pargiter |first=F. E. |year=1922 |title=Ancient Indian Historical Tradition |url=https://archive.org/details/ancientindianhis00parguoft |publisher=Oxford University Press}}
*{{cite book |title=Encyclopaedic Dictionary of Puranas, Volume 3 |first=Swami |last=Parmeshwaranand |publisher=Sarup & Sons |year=2001 |isbn=978-81-7625-226-3 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SLcv-Ow6Ux4C}}

[[Category:Characters in the Bhagavata Purana]]
[[Category:Characters in the Mahabharata]]
[[Category:People related to Krishna]]

Venkatacher Kalpana

2025-05-04T11:00:44Z

Evajzp: Updated formatting and improved readability

{{Short description|Indian cricketer (born 1961)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Infobox cricketer
| name = Venkatacher Kalpana
| female = true
| image =
| country = India
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1961|7|18|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Karnataka]], India
| batting = Right-handed
| bowling =
| role = Wicket-keeper

| international = true
| testdebutdate = 26 June
| testdebutyear = 1986
| testdebutagainst = England
| testcap = 32
| lasttestdate = 9 February
| lasttestyear = 1991
| lasttestagainst = Australia
| odidebutdate = 26 July
| odidebutyear = 1986
| odidebutagainst = West Indies
| odicap = 34
| lastodidate = 29 July
| lastodiyear = 1993
| lastodiagainst = Denmark
| odishirt =
| club1 =
| year1 =
| club2 =
| year2 =
| club3 =
| year3 =
| hidedeliveries = true
| columns = 2
| column1 = [[Women's Test cricket|WTest]]
| matches1 = 3
| runs1 = 71
| bat avg1 = 14.20
| 100s/50s1 = 0/0
| top score1 = 34
| catches/stumpings1 = 1/3
| column2 = [[Women's One Day International cricket|WODI]]
| matches2 = 8
| runs2 = 69
| bat avg2 = 9.85
| 100s/50s2 = 0/0
| top score2 = 31
| catches/stumpings2 = 6/10
| date = 18 September
| year = 2009
| source = https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Players/17/17138/17138.html CricketArchive
}}
'''Venkatacher Kalpana''' (born 18 July 1961) is a former [[Test cricket|Test]] and [[One Day International]] (ODI) cricketer who represented [[India national women's cricket team|India]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Players/17/17138/17138.html|title=V Kalpana|publisher=CricketArchive|access-date=2009-09-18}}</ref> She is a right hand batsman and [[wicket-keeper]]. She has played three Tests and eight ODIs.<ref name="Cricinfo profile">{{cite web|url=http://www.cricinfo.com/ci/content/player/54258.html|title=V Kalpana|publisher=[[Cricinfo]]|access-date=2009-09-18}}</ref> She holds, jointly with [[Sarah Illingworth]], the record for effecting the most dismissals as wicket-keeper in an innings of a Women's Cricket World Cup match.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/keeping/most_dismissals_innings.html?id=68;type=trophy|title=Cricket Records {{!}} Records {{!}} Women's World Cup {{!}} Most dismissals in an innings {{!}} ESPN Cricinfo|work=Cricinfo|access-date=2017-07-25}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{India Squad 1993 Women's Cricket World Cup}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kalpana, Venkatacher}}
[[Category:1961 births]]
[[Category:Air India women cricketers]]
[[Category:India women One Day International cricketers]]
[[Category:India women Test cricketers]]
[[Category:Indian women cricketers]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Wicket-keepers]]

{{India-cricket-bio-1960s-stub}}

Harti (Gadag district)

2025-05-03T02:33:20Z

Evajzp: improve references per sources and cleaned formatting as per guidelines

{{other uses|Harti (disambiguation)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Harti (Gadag district)
| native_name = Harti
| native_name_lang = kn
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Town
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Karnataka#India
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Karnataka, India
| coordinates = {{coord|15.1269|N|75.4645|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Karnataka]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Gadag district|Gadag]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 650
| population_total =
| population_as_of =
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Kannada]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code =
| registration_plate =
| blank1_name_sec1 = Distance from [[Bangalore]]
| blank1_info_sec1 = {{convert|412|km|mi}}
| blank2_name_sec1 = Distance from [[Gadag-Betigeri|Gadag]]
| blank2_info_sec1 = {{convert|10|km|mi}}
| website =
| footnotes =
}}
'''Harti''' is a very small town in [[Gadag district]], [[Karnataka]], [[India]], with many ancient and modern [[Hinduism|Hindu]] temples.

==Importance==
Harti is well known for Shri Basaveshwara Temple and for its annual festival Jatra that is held on the last Monday of ''Shravana Masa''. It is amazing to watch the procession of the Dhyamamma statue on this festival day.

There are ancient temples built in Chalukya regime such as the Parvati Parameshwara Temple *{{cite web|url=http://templesofkarnataka.com/navigation/details.php?id=198|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091001022330/http://templesofkarnataka.com/navigation/details.php?id=198|url-status=usurped|archive-date=1 October 2009|title=Sri.Uma Maheshvara Temple|publisher=Temples of Karnataka|accessdate=19 July 2009}} with stone carvings.

Harti has only half a dozen [[Muslim]] families and it has a tiny mosque for them. They celebrate Moharram on the last day of every year and most of the Hindus also participate in this Muslim festival, while the Muslims also participate in Hindu Festivals.
[[File:Harti View.jpg|alt=A beautiful view of Harti from Shri Basaveshwara Temple. |thumb]]

==Transport==
Gadag is the nearest railway station. The nearest Airport is at [[Hubbali|Hubli]], the next international Airport is at [[Bangalore]].

==See also==
* [[Venkatapura, Gadag]]
* [[Pethalur]]
* [[Halligudi]]
* Harti (Gadag district)
* [[Gadag]]
* [[Lakkundi]]
* [[Dambal]]
* [[Hombal]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

*{{cite web|url=http://templesofkarnataka.com/navigation/details.php?id=198|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091001022330/http://templesofkarnataka.com/navigation/details.php?id=198|url-status=usurped|archive-date=1 October 2009|title=Sri.Uma Maheshvara Temple|publisher=Temples of Karnataka|accessdate=19 July 2009}}

{{Settlements in Gadag district}}
{{Hindu temples in Karnataka}}
{{Historical places of Chalukyas}}

[[Category:Villages in Gadag district]]
[[Category:Western Chalukya Empire]]
[[Category:Chalukya dynasty]]

{{Gadag-geo-stub}}

Munderi, Malappuram

2024-11-22T12:54:40Z

Evajzp: Made A Stub

{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2019}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Munderi
| other_name = Mount Area
| nickname =
| settlement_type =
| image_skyline = Teak trees.jpg
| image_alt =
| image_caption = Teak trees in Munderi
| pushpin_map =
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Kerala, India
| coordinates = {{coord|11.443627|N|76.259547|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Kerala]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Malappuram district|Malappuram]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
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| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
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| population_as_of =
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Malayalam language|Malayalam]], [[English language|English]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = Postal Code
| postal_code = 679334
| area_code_type = 04931
| area_code = 04931
| registration_plate =
| website =
| footnotes =
| official_name =
}}

[[File:Munderi.4.jpg|thumbnail|View of Tamil Nadu from Munderi]]
[[File:Munderi.Tribal school.2.jpg|thumbnail|Munderi Highschool]]
'''Munderi''' is a small village in [[Nilambur]] Taluk of [[Malappuram]] District, in Kerala. It got the name from "Mount Area" as it is surrounded by mountain ranges. The un-tarred [[forest road]] from Munderi towards North through forests lead to Chooralmala (near [[Meppadi]]) in [[Wayanad district|Wayanad]] district.

==[[Chaliyar]] River==
River [[Chaliyar]] originates from the Elampalari Hills, which is located near the meeting point of Malappuram, [[Wayanad district|Wayanad]] and the [[Nilgiris district|Nilgiris]] districts; from where it flows through Thalappaali and reaches Thamburattikkallu where [[Neerppuzha]], coming from 'Glen-rock' through 'Appangaappu' (origin: up and gap), the eastern part of Munderi joins with it as the first tributary.

==Plantations==
Munderi is the place where Asia's first rubber plantation was established. Munderi is also famous for its Seed Garden Complex, spread on Thamburattikkallu-Thalappali road. It is the first largest agricultural farm in Kerala and is owned by Govt. of Kerala (Dept. of Agriculture). There was a big silica stone called 'Thamburattikkallu' at the place with the same name (western part of Munderi) which was demolished and given to Excel Glass company in [[Alappuzha]], in early 1990s.

== Nearby Sports Clubs ==

*[https://www.facebook.com/flame.thamburattikkallu Flame Arts and Sports Club Thamburatikallu]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.facebook.com/flame.thamburattikkallu|title=Facebook Page of Flame Arts Sports Club|last=|first=|date=|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=}}</ref>
*Juvants Arts& Sports Club Munderi <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.facebook.com/juvants.munderifc|title=Juvants Munderi FC|website=www.facebook.com|language=en|access-date=2018-05-23}}</ref>
* Navodhanam Arts & Sports Club Munderi<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.facebook.com/navodhanam.munderi|title=Navodhanam Munderi|website=www.facebook.com|language=en|access-date=2018-05-23}}</ref>
* Yuvadhara Arts & Sports Club Mukkam

==Nearby Towns==
* [[Pothukal]] (8 Km)
* [[Chungathara]] (18 Km)
* [[Edakkara]] (19 Km)
* [[Nilambur]] (28 Km)
* [[Manjeri]] (50 Km)

==[[Pothukal]]lu Panchayath==
Munderi is part of Pothukallu Village Panchayath administration. Pothukallu is also known for its greenery and scenic riverside villages. Pothukallu has more hospitals, schools and shopping centers. There is a police station in Pothukallu. This Panchayath is part of Nilambur Assembly Constituency and the MLA is Mr. [[P. V. Anvar|P.V Anvar]].

==Transportation==
Munderi village connects to other parts of India through [[Nilambur]] town. State Highway No.28 starts from Nilambur and connects to [[Ooty]], [[Mysore]] and [[Bangalore]] through Highways.12,29 and 181. National highway No.66 passes through [[Ramanattukara]] and the northern stretch connects to [[Goa]] and [[Mumbai]]. The southern stretch connects to [[Cochin]] and [[Trivandrum]]. The nearest airport is at [[Kozhikode Airport|Kozhikode]]. The nearest major railway station is at [[Shoranur Junction railway station|Shornur.]]

==Villages and Suburbs==
* Palunda
* Pathirippadam
* Nallanthanny
* Puthiyangadi
* Sulthanpadi
* Chathamunda
* Uppada
* Anakkallu
* Nettikkulam
* Pothukallu
* Kunippala
* Velumbiyampadam
* Ambittampotti
* Neerppuzha Mukkam
* Thamburattikkallu
* Munderi

==Important Landmarks==

* Seed Garden Complex, Munderi
* Sirajul Hudha [[Madrasa]], Thamburattikkallu
* Sree Dharmasastha [[Temple]], Thamburattikkallu
* Sunni Juma [[Mosque|Masjid]], Munderi
* St George Catholic church Munderi
* Up and gap road
* Milk Society
* Munderi Mar Baselious Orthodox Church

==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{commons category|Munderi, Malappuram}}
{{Malappuram district}}

[[Category:Villages in Malappuram district]]
[[Category:Nilambur area]]

Ponnunjal

2024-02-10T18:47:56Z

Evajzp: added information additionally and improved wording per sources

'''Ponnunjal''' may refer to:

* [[Ponnunjal (film)]], a 1973 Indian Tamil-language film
* [[Ponnunjal (TV series)]], an Indian Tamil-language soap opera

{{dab}}