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Peruru, Ramagiri

2026-05-07T13:50:16Z

ErmelindaDez: put up

{{Refimprove
| date = May 2017
}}
{{use dmy dates|date=March 2018}}
{{use Indian English|date=March 2018}}

'''Peruru''' is a village located in [[Ramagiri Mandal]], [[Sri Sathya Sai district]] in the [[India]]n state of [[Andhra Pradesh]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1fccAQAAMAAJ&q=Peruru,+India|title=Census of India, 1961: Andhra Pradesh|last=General|first=India Office of the Registrar|publisher=Manager of Publications|year=1962|pages=33|language=en}}</ref>

The village is located {{convert|62|km|abbr=on}} from district headquarters Anantapur and {{convert|422|km|abbr=on}} from [[Hyderabad]]. The local language is [[Telugu language|Telugu]].

The village was said to be settled by two married children of Tamil Kings. The town is surrounded by coconut groves and water canals and possesses a rich heritage and architecture, including a town temple. It is a perfect shooting spot to exhibit the true essence of a village.

== Location ==
Peruru is {{convert|1,389|ha}} in size and is located near the [[Bay of Bengal]]. It is situated south of [[Amalapuram Mandal]] and [[Ambajipeta mandal]], and east of [[Mamidikuduru Mandal]] and P. Gannavaram Mandal.

=== Nearby cities ===

*Amalapuram, Ambajipeta, P. Gannavaram, Razole, Palakol, Narsapuram, Bhimavaram and Antharvedhi.

== Demographics ==
The population of Peruru is 19,323 across 5,304 households.

== Transport ==

=== Road ===
Visitors can access Peruru from [[Amalapuram]], a town 6 km away.

=== Public transport ===
*APSRTC has bus stations in Peruru and operates public transportation from nearby major cities.
*Auto Rickshaws

== Education ==

=== Colleges ===
Govt Jr College Ramagiri

=== Schools ===
Dommeti Venkata Reddy Garu established the local high school.

* Sri Ramakrishna Convent

* Govt.Schools

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{coord|16|32|53|N|81|58|46|E|type:city_region:IN|display=title}}

[[Category:Villages in Ramagiri Mandal]]

{{SriSathyaSai-geo-stub}}

Chatha Pacha

2026-05-06T20:43:11Z

ErmelindaDez: starting initial post with sources

{{Short description|2026 film by Adhvaith Nayar}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2026}}
{{plot missing|date=April 2026}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Chatha Pacha
| image = Chatha Pacha Malayalam Movie Poster.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = Adhvaith Nayar
| screenplay = Sanoop Thykoodam Amal Shah
| story = Adhvaith Nayar
| producer = {{ubl|Shihan Shoukath|Ritesh S. Ramakrishnan}}
| starring = {{ubl|[[Arjun Ashokan]]|[[Roshan Mathew]]||[[Vishak Nair]]|Ishan Shoukath}}
| cinematography = Anend C. Chandran
| editing = Praveen Prabhakar
| music = '''Songs:''' [[Shankar-Ehsaan-Loy]] '''Score:''' [[Mujeeb Majeed]]
| studio = Reel World Entertainment
| distributor = {{ubl|[[Wayfarer Films]]|The Plot Pictures|[[Dharma Productions]]|[[PVR Inox Pictures]]|[[Mythri Movie Makers]]|[[Shemaroo Entertainment]]}}
| released = {{Film date|2026|01|22|df=y}}
| runtime = 134 minutes<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 January 2026 |title=''Chatha Pacha'' (12A) |url=https://www.bbfc.co.uk/release/chatha-pacha-q29sbgvjdglvbjpwwc0xmdm0odu0 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260119211635/https://www.bbfc.co.uk/release/chatha-pacha-q29sbgvjdlvbjpwwc0xmdm0odu0 |archive-date=19 January 2026 |access-date=16 January 2026 |website=[[British Board of Film Classification]] |language=en}}</ref>
| country = India
| language = Malayalam
| budget = 
| gross = {{INR|35.51 crore}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 January 2026 |title=ആഗോളതലത്തിൽ 25.21 കോടി, 'വാൾട്ടറിന്' പത്മഭൂഷൺ; ചത്താ പച്ചക്കു ഇരട്ടി മധുരം|url=https://www.madhyamam.com/entertainment/movie-news/chatha-pacha-collection-1489628 |access-date=26 January 2026 |website=Madhyamam |language=ml}}</ref>
}}

'''''Chatha Pacha: The Ring of Rowdies''''' (slang for "''Do or Die''") (marketed as '''''Chatha Pacha''''') is a 2026 Indian [[Malayalam]]-language [[action-comedy]] film directed by Adhvaith Nayar and written by Sanoop Thykoodam. The film follows three brothers who establish an amateur, locally-run, [[WWE]]-inspired underground [[wrestling promotion]] in [[Fort Kochi]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=Chatha Pacha: Roshan Mathew's WWE-inspired Malayalam wrestling film begins|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/roshan-mathews-wwe-inspired-malayalam-wrestling-film-chatha-pacha-starts-shooting-2740321-2025-06-13|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250709133451/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/roshan-mathews-wwe-inspired-malayalam-wrestling-film-chatha-pacha-starts-shooting-2740321-2025-06-13|archive-date=9 July 2025|access-date=13 June 2025 |website=[[India Today]] |language=en|date=13 June 2025|last=Ponnappa|first=Sanjay}}</ref> The film stars [[Arjun Ashokan]], [[Roshan Mathew]], [[Vishak Nair]], and Ishan Shoukath, along with [[Siddique (actor)|Siddique]] and Lakshmi Menon in supporting roles.<ref>{{Cite news |title=India’s Biggest Banners Power the Rise of ‘Chatha Pacha: The Ring of Rowdies’|url=https://www.ptinews.com/press-release/india%E2%80%99s-biggest-banners-power-the-rise-of-%E2%80%98chatha-pacha-the-ring-of-rowdies%E2%80%99/3084017|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251112074044/https://www.ptinews.com/press-release/india%E2%80%99s-biggest-banners-power-the-rise-of-%E2%80%98chatha-pacha-the-ring-of-rowdies%E2%80%99/3084017|archive-date=12 November 2025 |access-date=10 November 2025 |website=[[Press Trust of India]] |language=en|date=10 November 2025}}</ref> [[Mammooty]] appears in a cameo in this film.

The music was composed by [[Shankar–Ehsaan–Loy]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=Chatha Pacha teaser packs much more than a punch|url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2025/Nov/01/chatha-pacha-teaser-packs-much-more-than-a-punch|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251112070519/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2025/Nov/01/chatha-pacha-teaser-packs-much-more-than-a-punch|archive-date=12 November 2025 |access-date=1 November 2025 |website=[[Cinema Express]] |language=en|date=1 November 2025}}</ref> The film was officially announced in March 2025.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Chatha Pacha: Ring of Rowdies’ – A WWE-Inspired Spectacle To Shake Up Malayalam Cinema|url=https://www.news18.com/movies/chatha-pacha-ring-of-rowdies-a-wwe-inspired-spectacle-to-shake-up-malayalam-cinema-9254063.html|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250308170351/https://www.news18.com/movies/chatha-pacha-ring-of-rowdies-a-wwe-inspired-spectacle-to-shake-up-malayalam-cinema-9254063.html|archive-date=8 March 2025 |access-date=8 March 2025 |website=[[News18]] |language=en|date=8 March 2025}}</ref> Principal [[photography]] began in June 2025 and concluded by that November 2025.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Chatha Pacha: The Ring of Rowdies wraps up filming|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/2025/Nov/10/malayalamnews2025nov09chatha-pacha-the-ring-of-rowdies-wraps-up-filming|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251112065359/https://www.newindianexpress.com/amp/story/entertainment/malayalam/2025/Nov/10/malayalamnews2025nov09chatha-pacha-the-ring-of-rowdies-wraps-up-filming|archive-date=12 November 2025 |access-date=10 November 2025 |website=[[The New Indian Express]] |language=en|date=10 November 2025}}</ref>

The film was released on 22 January 2026.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-01-21 |title=Chatha Pacha first review out: Arjun Ashokan, Roshan Mathew’s action comedy has ‘old-school Hulk Hogan-John Cena energy’ |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/malayalam/chatha-pacha-first-review-out-arjun-ashokan-roshan-mathews-action-comedy-hulk-hogan-john-cena-energy-10486532/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260122061546/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/malayalam/chatha-pacha-first-review-out-arjun-ashokan-roshan-mathews-action-comedy-hulk-hogan-john-cena-energy-10486532/ |archive-date=2026-01-22 |access-date=2026-01-23 |website=[[The Indian Express]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-01-22 |title=Chatha Pacha X review: Netizens laud technical side, Mammootty’s cameo as fighter |url=https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/regional-indian-cinema-news/article/chatha-pacha-x-review-mammootty-impresses-bullet-walter-fans-call-it-a-theatrical-treat-23613203 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260123101718/https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/regional-indian-cinema-news/article/chatha-pacha-x-review-mammootty-impresses-bullet-walter-fans-call-it-a-theatrical-treat-23613203 |archive-date=2026-01-23 |access-date=2026-01-23 |website=[[Mid-Day]] |language=en}}</ref> The film is a commercial success and currently the [[List of Malayalam films of 2026|third highest grossing Malayalam film of 2026]].

== Cast ==
* [[Arjun Ashokan]] as Savio "Loco" Lobo
** Alwin Mukund as Young Savio
* [[Roshan Mathew]] as Vetrivel "Vetri" Lobo<ref>{{Cite web |last=Radia |first=Anuj |date=2026-01-22 |title=Chatha Pacha Review: A Stylish Action Comedy Rooted in Kochi’s Wrestling Subculture |url=https://filmeshilmy.com/2026/01/22/chatha-pacha-review-a-stylish-action-comedy-rooted-in-kochis-wrestling-subculture/ |access-date=2026-02-11 |website=Filme Shilmy |language=en-GB}}</ref>
** Archith Abhilash as Young Vetri
* [[Vishak Nair]] as Cherian Maani
** Dev Narayanan as Young Cherian
* Ishan Shoukath as Thomas "Little" Lobo / Toofan
** Orhan Hyder as Young Little
* Lakshmi Menon as Uma
* [[Siddique (actor)|Siddique]] as Mayor S. R. Shivan
* [[Sai Kumar (Malayalam actor)|Sai Kumar]] as Kallath Maani, Cherian's father
* [[Rafi–Mecartin|Rafi]] as Falgu Aashaan
* Carmen S. Mathew as Kuruvi "Nitro Kili"
* Dartaganan Sabu as Subramaniam “Kadalkomban”
* Vyshnav Biju as Ashkar “Jango Sulthan”
* Syamaprakash MS as Varkey “Bhasmasuran”
* [[Muthumani]] as Lotus, Little's mother
* [[Minon]] as Kunjappan
* Tosh Christy as Jinson
* Toj Christy as Johnson
* Krishna Nambiar as Diaz
* Steffi Francis as Angoorlatha
* Aarav Umesh as Chippaan
* [[Thesni Khan]] as Suprajamma (Subramaniam's mother)
* Vedhika Sreekumar as Rose "Rosamma", Vetri's daughter
* [[Mammootty]] as "Bullet" Walter Lopez (cameo appearance)<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-01-27 |title=Chatha Pacha: The Ring of Rowdies (2026) |url=https://www.hollyreview.com/2026/01/chatha-pacha-ring-of-rowdies-2026.html |access-date=2026-02-11 |website=Holly Review |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Zarin Shihab]] as Jasmine, Vetri's late wife (cameo appearance)
* Adhvaith Nayar as himself (cameo appearance)
* Shihan Shoukath as himself (cameo appearance)
* Amal Shah as Macaw Machan (cameo appearance)
* Khalid Al Ameri as himself (cameo appearance)

== Production ==
=== Development ===
''Chatha Pacha: The Ring of Rowdies'' is the directorial debut of Adhvaith Nayar, [[Mohanlal]]'s nephew who previously collaborated as an assistant director with notable filmmakers such as [[Jeethu Joseph]] and [[Rajeev Ravi]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite news |date=2025-03-11 |title=Mohanlal's kin to direct 'Chatha Pacha – Ring of Rowdies'; Shankar-Ehsaan-Loy to make Malayalam debut |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/mohanlals-kin-to-direct-chatha-pacha-ring-of-rowdies-shankar-ehsaan-loy-to-make-malayalam-debut/articleshow/118867445.cms |access-date=2025-04-09 |work=[[The Times of India]] |issn=0971-8257|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251112040620/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/mohanlals-kin-to-direct-chatha-pacha-ring-of-rowdies-shankar-ehsaan-loy-to-make-malayalam-debut/articleshow/118867445.cms|archive-date=2025-11-12|url-status=live}}</ref> Nayar recalled that, during his childhood he grew up watching [[WWE]] on television with his cousins and grandfather and the influence of [[WWE]] in India, where professional westlers such as [[John Cena]], [[The Undertaker]], [[Triple H]] and [[Dwayne Johnson]] (known as "The Rock") becoming mythic figures, had led to the development of small wrestling clubs abroad. These prompted him to develop a script based on the film, being the first to be centred on WWE-based sports theme.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Santhosh |first=Vivek |date=2026-01-21 |title=Chatha Pacha Team Interview: Mammookka’s support is all over the film |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/2026/Jan/21/malayalaminterviews2026jan21chatha-pacha-team-interview-mammookkas-support-is-all-over-the-film |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260123075731/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/2026/Jan/21/malayalaminterviews2026jan21chatha-pacha-team-interview-mammookkas-support-is-all-over-the-film |archive-date=2026-01-23 |access-date=2026-01-23 |website=[[The New Indian Express]] |language=en}}</ref>

Nayar initially wrote a "much darker and more neo-noir" based on the idea, but the disbelief around the idea of an underground wrestling club in [[Fort Kochi]], [[Mattancherry]] led to the script being shelved.<ref name=":2" /> Years later, when Nayar showed the cover page of the old idea he pitched to the brothers Shihan Shoukath and Ishan Shoukath, they were instantly hooked by it, which led Shihan to join as the creative producer of the film.<ref name=":2" /> ''Chatha Pacha'' marked the maiden production of Reel World Entertainment, jointly presented and produced by Ritesh S. Ramakrishnan and Ramesh S. Ramakrishnan, and the film was officially announced on 9 March 2025 with the title.<ref>{{Cite news |title='Chatha Pacha': Wrestling-Based Malayalam Film Completes Shoot |url=https://www.hollywoodreporterindia.com/features/insight/chatha-pacha-arjun-ashokan-and-roshan-mathews-wrestling-based-malayalam-film-completes-shoot |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251112085017/https://www.hollywoodreporterindia.com/features/insight/chatha-pacha-arjun-ashokan-and-roshan-mathews-wrestling-based-malayalam-film-completes-shoot |archive-date=12 November 2025 |access-date=10 November 2025 |website=[[The Hollywood Reporter India]] |language=en|date=10 November 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Radhakrishnan |first=Manjusha |date=2025-07-13 |title=Emirati influencer Khalid Al Ameri joins Malayalam cinema debut with action-packed 'Chatha Pacha' |url=https://gulfnews.com/entertainment/dubai-influencer-khalid-al-ameri-makes-malayalam-film-debut-in-chatha-pacha-1.500196454 |access-date=2025-08-13 |website=[[Gulf News]] |language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250715062425/https://gulfnews.com/entertainment/dubai-influencer-khalid-al-ameri-makes-malayalam-film-debut-in-chatha-pacha-1.500196454|archive-date=2025-07-15|url-status=live}}</ref> Nayar added that beyond wrestling, the film also focused on the themes of brotherhood, family and friendship, to have a universal appeal among all demographic.<ref name=":2" /> Ishan Shoukath stated that the title was adopted from a dialogue delivered by [[Salim Kumar]] to [[Dileep]] in the film ''[[Kalyanaraman (2002 film)|Kalyanaraman]]'' (2002).<ref>{{cite news |author1=Entertainment Desk |title=കല്യാണരാമനിലെ പ്യാരിയിൽ നിന്നും കിട്ടിയ പേര്; ചത്താ പച്ചയുടെ അർത്ഥമെന്തെന്നറിയാമോ? |url=https://malayalam.indianexpress.com/entertainment/decoding-chatha-pacha-the-meaning-and-the-kalyanaraman-connection-behind-the-title-11019031 |access-date=23 January 2026 |work=[[Indian Express Malayalam]] |language=ml}}</ref>

=== Pre-production ===
The film began pre-production in August 2024 and continued scripting till early-2025.<ref name=":2" /> Sanoop Thykoodam wrote the screenplay and dialogues for the film.<ref name=":2" /> Originally the film was titled ''Ring of Rowdies'', but they decided something to be locally, especially in the slang of [[Mattancherry]]. Thykoodam deciphered the title ''Chatha Pacha'' ({{Translation|do or die}}) which felt to be apt for the film and the attitude and meaning, reflected the all or nothing mindset from the characters.<ref name=":2" />

Since both Nayar and Shihan were debutants, they decided to lean on experienced technicians, with cinematographer [[Anand C Chandran]], editor Praveen Prabhakar, production designer Sunil Das and action [[choreographer]] Kalai Kingston being part of the technical crew.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-05-27 |title=Anend C Chandran onboard Chatha Pacha as cinematographer |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2025/May/27/anend-c-chandran-onboard-chatha-pacha-as-cinematographer |access-date=2025-08-12 |website=[[Cinema Express]] |language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260103195958/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2025/May/27/anend-c-chandran-onboard-chatha-pacha-as-cinematographer|archive-date=2026-01-03|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-11-07 |title=Chatha Pacha: The Ring of Rowdies wraps up filming |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/2025/Nov/10/malayalamnews2025nov09chatha-pacha-the-ring-of-rowdies-wraps-up-filming |access-date=2025-11-11 |website=[[The New Indian Express]] |language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251202152159/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/2025/Nov/10/malayalamnews2025nov09chatha-pacha-the-ring-of-rowdies-wraps-up-filming|archive-date=2025-12-02|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Arjun Ashokan]], [[Roshan Mathew]], [[Vishak Nair]] and Ishan Shoukath were announced as the part of the cast.<ref name=":2" />

=== Filming ===
Principal photography for the film commenced on 11 June 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Arjun Ashokan's 'Chatha Pacha: The Ring Of Rowdies' Begins Shoot |url=https://www.filmfare.com/news/south/arjun-ashokans-chatha-pacha-the-ring-of-rowdies-begins-shoot-74598.html |access-date=2025-08-13 |website=[[Filmfare]] |language=en|date=2025-06-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250814110720/https://www.filmfare.com/news/south/arjun-ashokans-chatha-pacha-the-ring-of-rowdies-begins-shoot-74598.html|archive-date=2025-08-14|url-status=live}}</ref> The production was split into three schedules, where the first schedule held at [[Fort Kochi]] and places around [[Mattancherry|Mattanchery]] for around 36 days, while the remaining two schedules, which included the wrestling sequences were filmed in sets and indoor locations.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Ramachandran |first=Naman |author-link=Naman Ramachandran |date=2026-01-21 |title=Inside ‘Chatha Pacha,’ the Malayalam Action-Comedy Staging WWE-Style Battles in India: ‘Come for the Wrestling, Stay for the Brotherhood’ |url=https://variety.com/2026/film/news/chatha-pacha-wwe-action-india-1236636522/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260123084718/https://variety.com/2026/film/news/chatha-pacha-wwe-action-india-1236636522/ |archive-date=2026-01-23 |access-date=2026-01-23 |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |language=en-US}}</ref> Filming was [[Wrap (filmmaking)|wrapped]] on 8 November 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Chatha Pacha teaser: Arjun Ashokan, Roshan Mathew give a peek of 'mass' action from the ring, confirms January 2026 release |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/chatha-pacha-teaser-arjun-ashokan-roshan-mathew-give-a-peek-of-mass-action-from-the-ring/ab474a2b8e952 |access-date=2025-11-01 |website=[[OTTPlay]] |language=en|date=1 November 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251108102123/https://www.ottplay.com/news/chatha-pacha-teaser-arjun-ashokan-roshan-mathew-give-a-peek-of-mass-action-from-the-ring/ab474a2b8e952|archive-date=2025-11-08|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Stunts ===
Nayar added that the film was over-the-top by design. Hence, instead of conventional fights, the team leaned into theatrical wrestling, with Kingson having to shaping the stunts. All of the cast members were involved in wrestling training for three months, divided into three different types. One was customised to each person based on their appearance and character. The second training was done to prevent from injuries, which was conducted by training. Mathew recalled that the injury training was done on the set of muscles prone to danger, which included the smaller muscle groups that suffer the most strain during dynamic wrestling.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mohan |first=Vishal |date=2026-01-21 |title=‘Chatha Pacha’ Is the Most Physically Demanding Film I’ve Done: Roshan Mathew |url=https://www.hollywoodreporterindia.com/features/interviews/chatha-pacha-was-the-most-physically-demanding-film-ive-done-roshan-mathew |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260123082919/https://www.hollywoodreporterindia.com/features/interviews/sobhita-dhulipala-interview-on-cheekatilo-and-playing-a-badass-character-in-telugu/amp |archive-date=2026-01-23 |access-date=2026-01-23 |website=[[The Hollywood Reporter India]] |language=en}}</ref>

The third type of training involved the flips and rolls, done by Shravan. Though not being combat moves, these were helpful for the actors to shoot stunt sequences, by doing jumps, flips and rolls. Each actor were given specific set of moves on their comfort, which informed the choreography done by Kingston and his teams. Mathew denoted that the toughest move for him to learn was the diving roll (spear). Both Mathew and Ashokan considered Chatha Pacha to be one of their most physically demanding films, based on the rigorous training and extensive wrestling stunts involved.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Anand |first=Shilpa Nair |date=2026-01-22 |title=Arjun Ashokan talks about preparing for ‘Chatha Pacha’ with crewmates Vishakh Nair and Roshan Mathew |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/arjun-ashokan-interview-chatha-pacha-vishakh-nair-roshan-mathew/article70532183.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260123074157/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/arjun-ashokan-interview-chatha-pacha-vishakh-nair-roshan-mathew/article70532183.ece |archive-date=2026-01-23 |access-date=2026-01-23 |work=[[The Hindu]] |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

== Music ==
{{Main|Chatha Pacha (soundtrack)}}
The film marks the Malayalam debut of [[Shankar–Ehsaan–Loy|Shankar-Ehsaan-Loy]] as music composers with lyrics penned by [[Vinayak Sasikumar]] and background score by [[Mujeeb Majeed]]. [[T-Series (company)|T-Series]] acquired the music rights of the film.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mallick |first=Gyanisha |date=2025-09-01 |title=T-Series Joins Hands with Shankar-Ehsaan-Loy for Grand Malayalam Debut in Chatha Pacha |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/t-series-joins-hands-with-shankar-ehsaan-loy-for-grand-malayalam-debut-in-chatha-pacha-1002307 |access-date=2025-09-01 |website=[[The Hans India]] |language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260103192212/https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/t-series-joins-hands-with-shankar-ehsaan-loy-for-grand-malayalam-debut-in-chatha-pacha-1002307|archive-date=2026-01-03|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Marketing ==
The team collaborated with [[Topps]] to launch trading card collectibles, a first-of-a-kind for Malayalam cinema.<ref>{{Cite Instagram |postid=DPI9ko5kiUh |user=reelworldentertainment |title=We’re proud to join forces with @topps, the global giant in collectibles, to create the official trading cards of our wrestling saga. 🙌 A first-of-its-kind for Malayalam cinema. 💪 @toppsforindia |author=Reel World Entertainment |date=28 September 2025 |access-date=23 January 2026 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20260123090126/https://www.instagram.com/p/DPI9ko5kiUh/ |archive-date=23 January 2026 |url-status=live}}</ref> A [[video game]] based on the film, titled Chatha Pacha Clash was also launched on [[iOS]] and [[Android (operating system)|Android]] operating systems.<ref name=":3" />

== Release ==
=== Theatrical ===
''Chatha Pacha: The Ring of Rowdies'' was released in theatres on 22 January 2026.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-01-15 |title=Chatha Pacha trailer: Roshan Mathew, Arjun Ashokan step into the wrestling ring with a surprise cameo by Mammootty |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/malayalam/chatha-pacha-trailer-roshan-mathew-arjun-ashokan-step-into-wrestling-ring-with-mammootty-10476056/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260115153641/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/malayalam/chatha-pacha-trailer-roshan-mathew-arjun-ashokan-step-into-wrestling-ring-with-mammootty-10476056/ |archive-date=2026-01-15 |access-date=2026-01-23 |website=[[The Indian Express]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-01-02 |title=Chatha Pacha: The Ring of Rowdies confirms release date |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2026/Jan/02/chatha-pacha-the-ring-of-rowdies-confirms-release-date |access-date=2026-01-23 |website=[[Cinema Express]] |language=en}}</ref> The Tamil-dubbed version was released on 6 February 2026, followed by the Telugu-dubbed version on 13 February 2026.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Fb |last2=Tw |last3=Linkdin |last4=Whatsapp |last5=Us |first5=GNFollow |title=Chatha Pacha: மலையாளத்தில் அதிரடி வெற்றி... தமிழில் களம் இறங்கும் 'சத்தா பச்சா' - டிரெய்லர் ரிலீஸ்! |url=https://tamil.asianetnews.com/gallery/cinema/chatha-pacha-explosive-success-in-malayalam-chatha-pacha-enters-the-tamil-arena-7u3izrb |access-date=2026-02-13 |website=Asianet News Tamil |language=ta}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Chatha Pacha stars meet Sandeep Reddy Vanga ahead of Telugu release |url=https://www.ottplay.com/amp/news/chatha-pacha-stars-meet-sandeep-reddy-vanga-ahead-of-telugu-release/cdeef84b3646 |access-date=2026-02-13 |website=www.ottplay.com}}</ref>

=== Box Office ===
The film grossed ₹7.73 crores on its 1st day in the Global Box Office Collection. The film grossed ₹14.04 crores in its 2nd day of release<ref>{{Cite web |last=Fb |last2=Tw |last3=Linkdin |last4=Whatsapp |last5=Us |first5=GNFollow |title=ബോക്സ് ഓഫീസിലെ ഫൈറ്റ് ജയിച്ചോ? 'ചത്താ പച്ച'യുടെ 2 ദിവസത്തെ കളക്ഷന്‍ പ്രഖ്യാപിച്ച് നിര്‍മ്മാതാക്കള്‍ |url=https://www.asianetnews.com/entertainment/box-office/chatha-pacha-2-days-official-worldwide-box-office-collection-mammootty-arjun-articleshow-45z9ntw |access-date=2026-01-25 |website=Asianet News Malayalam |language=ml}}</ref>

=== Distribution ===
[[Dharma Productions]] acquired the theatrical distribution rights for [[North India|Northern India]], marking its first-ever association with a Malayalam film.<ref>{{Cite web |title='Chatha Pacha' Teaser: Roshan Mathew, Arjun Ashokan Star In Madcap WWE-Style Comedy |url=https://www.hollywoodreporterindia.com/features/insight/chatha-pacha-teaser-roshan-mathew-arjun-ashokan-star-in-madcap-wwe-style-comedy |access-date=2025-11-03 |website=[[The Hollywood Reporter India]] |language=en|date=2025-11-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260123083728/https://www.hollywoodreporterindia.com/features/insight/chatha-pacha-teaser-roshan-mathew-arjun-ashokan-star-in-madcap-wwe-style-comedy|archive-date=2026-01-23|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Mythri Movie Makers]] secured the Malayalam rights for [[Andhra Pradesh]] and [[Telangana]], while [[Suresh Productions|Asian Suresh Entertainment]] bagged the Telugu rights for the region. [[Dulquer Salmaan|Dulquer Salmaan's]] Wayfarer Films obtained the [[Kerala]] distribution rights.<ref>{{Cite web |title='ചത്താ പച്ച'യ്ക്കൊപ്പം കൈകോർത്ത് ദുൽഖർ സൽമാന്റെ വേഫെറർ ഫിലിംസ് |url=https://www.asianetnews.com/entertainment/chatha-pacha-movie-will-be-distributed-by-dulquer-salmaans-wayfarer-films-articleshow-pap1hqy |access-date=2025-10-13 |website=[[Asianet News|Asianet News Malayalam]] |language=ml|date=2025-10-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251012014122/https://www.asianetnews.com/entertainment/chatha-pacha-movie-will-be-distributed-by-dulquer-salmaans-wayfarer-films-articleshow-pap1hqy|archive-date=2025-10-12|url-status=live}}</ref> [[PVR Inox Pictures]] acquired the rights for [[Tamil Nadu]] and [[Karnataka]], and The Plot Pictures holds the overseas distribution rights.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Ramachandran |first=Naman |date=2025-08-04 |title=WWE Wrestling-Themed Indian Film 'Chatha Pacha' Secures Global Deal With the Plot Pictures for Release in 100+ Countries (EXCLUSIVE) |url=https://variety.com/2025/film/news/wwe-indian-film-chatha-pacha-global-deal-1236477597/ |access-date=2025-08-13 |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250804062129/https://variety.com/2025/film/news/wwe-indian-film-chatha-pacha-global-deal-1236477597/|archive-date=2025-08-04|url-status=live|author-link=Naman Ramachandran}}</ref><ref name=":2" />

=== Home Media ===
The post-theatrical digital streaming rights were acquired by [[Netflix]]. The film began streaming on the platform from 19 February 2026.

== Reception ==
Vishal Menon of ''[[The Hollywood Reporter India]]'' wrote "''Chatha Pacha'' may not be a Stone Cold stunner, but works as a lovingly-made tribute to a group of boys, who dared to try it at home... just like we all did."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Menon |first=Vishal |date=2026-01-23 |title='Chatha Pacha' Movie Review: The Boys Are OK In This Well-Made Nostalgic Action Comedy |url=https://www.hollywoodreporterindia.com/reviews/theatrical/chatha-pacha-movie-review-the-boys-are-ok-in-this-well-made-nostagic-action-comedy |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20260123092914/https://www.hollywoodreporterindia.com/reviews/theatrical/chatha-pacha-movie-review-the-boys-are-ok-in-this-well-made-nostagic-action-comedy |archive-date=2026-01-23 |access-date=2026-01-23 |website=[[The Hollywood Reporter India]] |language=en}}</ref>

Sajin Shrijith of ''[[The Week (Indian magazine)|The Week]]'' wrote "With its post-intermission segments being stronger than the rest, ''Chatha Pacha'' is like that wrestling match that proves rewarding if you are patient enough to stay with it, instead of being irked with the few unremarkable and familiar bits we see early on, and a couple of attempts at forced humour."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Shrijith |first=Sajin |date=2026-01-22 |title='Chatha Pacha' review: Strong, memorable characters make this wrestling drama a triumph |url=https://www.theweek.in/review/movies/2026/01/22/chatha-pacha-review-strong-memorable-characters-make-this-wrestling-drama-a-triumph.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260123100633/https://www.theweek.in/review/movies/2026/01/22/chatha-pacha-review-strong-memorable-characters-make-this-wrestling-drama-a-triumph.html |archive-date=2026-01-23 |access-date=2026-01-23 |website=[[The Week (Indian magazine)|The Week]] |language=en}}</ref>

Gopika I. S. of ''[[The Times of India]]'' wrote "Adhvaith Nayar's ''Chatha Pacha'' is a film with its share of ups and downs. There are portions that are highly entertaining, followed by stretches where the narrative seems to jump all over the place. While the decision to limit the personal interactions between the two lead characters is understandable—given the chosen premise and central conflict—those interactions could have been developed more effectively."<ref>{{Cite web |last=IS |first=Gopika |date=2026-01-22 |title=Chatha Pacha: The Ring of Rowdies Movie Review: An interesting premise undercut by an uneven screenplay |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movie-reviews/chatha-pacha-the-ring-of-rowdies/movie-review/127149255.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20260123093256/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movie-reviews/chatha-pacha-the-ring-of-rowdies/movie-review/127149255.cms |archive-date=2026-01-23 |access-date=2026-01-23 |website=[[The Times of India]] |language=en}}</ref>

Anandu Suresh of ''[[The Indian Express]]'' wrote "Whenever it shifts to the wrestling matches, ''Chatha Pacha'' is immediately as good as it can get. Not only is the staging and overall execution in such scenes extraordinary, but the performances are also splendid, truly giving the experience of watching live professional wrestling matches. When the narrative glides through the mundane, everyday drama of Vetri, Savio, Little, and Rose, ''Chatha Pacha'' never truly lands, largely because of poor writing."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Suresh |first=Anandu |date=2026-01-22 |title=Chatha Pacha movie review: Roshan Mathew, Arjun Ashokan’s actioner is a thrilling tribute to WWE-obsessed childhoods, but fails as a film |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/chatha-pacha-movie-review-rating-roshan-mathew-arjun-ashokan-mammootty-actioner-thrilling-tribute-to-wwe-obsessed-childhoods-fails-as-film-10487964/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20260123091723/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/chatha-pacha-movie-review-rating-roshan-mathew-arjun-ashokan-mammootty-actioner-thrilling-tribute-to-wwe-obsessed-childhoods-fails-as-film-10487964/ |archive-date=2026-01-23 |access-date=2026-01-23 |website=[[The Indian Express]] |language=en}}</ref>

Sanjay Ponnappa of ''[[India Today]]'' wrote "''Chatha Pacha: The Ring of Rowdies'' arrived with a lot of anticipation but struggles to match up to it. The promotional material largely highlighted the film’s fun, pro-wrestling-centric elements, and the makers would have benefited from leaning more into that strength. In attempting to add drama, the film ends up in an in-between space – neither wholly entertaining nor effectively dramatic – ultimately resembling a child stuck between two boats, barely holding on."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ponnappa |first=Sanjay |date=2026-01-22 |title=Chatha Pacha review: Nostalgia-fuelled wrestling spectacle let down by weak drama |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/reviews/story/chatha-pacha-desi-pro-wrestling-kochi-drama-arjun-ashokan-vishak-nair-roshan-matthew-mammootty-2856127-2026-01-22 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260123093447/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/reviews/story/chatha-pacha-desi-pro-wrestling-kochi-drama-arjun-ashokan-vishak-nair-roshan-matthew-mammootty-2856127-2026-01-22 |archive-date=2026-01-23 |access-date=2026-01-23 |website=[[India Today]] |language=en}}</ref>

S. R. Praveen of ''[[The Hindu]]'' wrote "The popularity of WWE owed more to the careful scripting of its fight sequences, even though it had hardly any similarity to the actual sport of wrestling. ''Chatha Pacha'' gets the dynamics of WWE right, but fails to script a compelling narrative. It becomes an unfortunate case of falling flat while making a stylish signature move."<ref>{{Cite news |last=Praveen |first=S. R. |date=2026-01-22 |title=‘Chatha Pacha’ movie review: Gets the dynamics of WWE right, but lacks a compelling narrative |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/chatha-pacha-movie-review-of-dynamics-of-wwe-lacks-a-compelling-narrative-arjun-ashokan-mammootty/article70537567.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260123093336/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/chatha-pacha-movie-review-of-dynamics-of-wwe-lacks-a-compelling-narrative-arjun-ashokan-mammootty/article70537567.ece |archive-date=2026-01-23 |access-date=2026-01-23 |work=[[The Hindu]] |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

Vignesh Madhu of ''[[The New Indian Express]]'' wrote "WWE has never been about who wins, but about how convincingly the performers sell the spectacle. On those terms, the wrestlers of ''Chatha Pacha'' emerge victorious."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Madhu |first=Vignesh |date=2026-01-22 |title=Chatha Pacha Movie Review: Action hits hard, drama doesn’t |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/2026/Jan/22/malayalamreview2026jan22chatha-pacha-movie-review-action-hits-hard-drama-doesnt |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260123101038/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/2026/Jan/22/malayalamreview2026jan22chatha-pacha-movie-review-action-hits-hard-drama-doesnt |archive-date=2026-01-23 |access-date=2026-01-23 |website=[[The New Indian Express]] |language=en}}</ref>

Swathi P. Ajith of ''[[Onmanorama|OnManorama]]'' wrote "''Chatha Pacha: The Ring of Rowdies'' may not break new narrative ground, but it works as an entertainer driven by energy, nostalgia, and visual bravado. It knows exactly what it wants to be and largely delivers on that promise. For audiences willing to surrender to its noise and nostalgia, the film offers a sweaty, chaotic, and unapologetically theatrical experience."<ref>{{Cite web |last=P Ajith |first=Swathi |date=2026-01-22 |title=‘Chatha Pacha’ review: Adhvaith Nayar’s debut slams hard, but stays safe |url=https://www.onmanorama.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/2026/01/22/chatha-pacha-movie-review-adhvaith-nayar-roshan-mathew-arjun-ashokan.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260123101302/https://www.onmanorama.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/2026/01/22/chatha-pacha-movie-review-adhvaith-nayar-roshan-mathew-arjun-ashokan.html |archive-date=2026-01-23 |access-date=2026-01-23 |website=[[OnManorama]] |language=en}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|tt36472392}}

[[Category:2026 Malayalam-language films]]
[[Category:2026 films]]
[[Category:2026 Indian films]]
[[Category:Indian action comedy films]]
[[Category:Films shot in Kochi]]

Blinkit

2026-05-05T18:07:25Z

ErmelindaDez: starting new details with sources...

{{Short description|Indian quick-commerce company}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2017}}
{{Infobox company
| name = Blinkit
| logo = Blinkit-yellow-rounded.svg
| logo_size = 160px
| website = {{URL|https://blinkit.com}}
| footnotes =
| type = [[Subsidiary]]
| founded = {{Start date and age|df=yes|2013|12|}}
| location = [[Gurgaon]], [[Haryana]], India
| founders = Albinder Dhindsa Saurabh Kumar<ref>{{cite news |last1=Bhalla |first1=Tarush |title=Kumar steps back at Grofers |url=https://www.livemint.com/companies/news/grofers-co-founder-saurabh-kumar-exits-firm-11624022889924.html |access-date=4 July 2022 |work=mint |date=18 June 2021 |language=en}}</ref>
| industry = [[Q-commerce]]
| services = [[Online grocer]]<ref>{{cite news |title=Grofers shifts base to Singapore|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tech-news/grofers-shifts-base-to-singapore/articleshow/49201868.cms |access-date=17 April 2021 |work=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>
| key_people = Albinder Dhindsa ([[CEO]])
| products = Bistro
| revenue = {{up}} {{INRconvert|5206|c|lk=on}} (FY25)<ref>{{cite web |title=Shareholders' Letter and Results - Q4FY25 |url=https://b.zmtcdn.com/investor-relations/d9c290cd23764a09789769c39682276a_1746094084.pdf |publisher=Eternal Limited |access-date=22 June 2025}}</ref>
| net_income =
| num_employees =
| parent = [[Eternal Limited]]<ref>{{cite news |last1=Rudra |first1=Tapanjana |title=Zomato Completes Acquisition of Quick-Commerce Startup Blinkit |url=https://inc42.com/buzz/zomato-completes-acquisition-of-quick-commerce-startup-blinkit/ |access-date=25 August 2022 |work=Inc42 Media |date=10 August 2022 |language=en}}</ref>
| area_served = India
| former_name = Grofers (2013–2021)
}}

'''Blinkit''' is an Indian [[q-commerce|quick-commerce]] company owned by [[Eternal Limited]].<ref>{{cite news | last=Sarkar | first=John | title=Big Basket rival Grofers rebrands itself as Blinkit with eye on quick commerce | website=The Times of India | date=13 December 2021 | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/big-basket-rival-grofers-rebrands-itself-as-blinkit-with-eye-on-quick-commerce/articleshow/88261629.cms | access-date=23 December 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | last=Bhalla | first=Tarush | title=Grofers rebrands as Blinkit with quick commerce space heating up | website=mint | date=13 December 2021 | url=https://www.livemint.com/companies/news/grofers-rebrands-as-blinkit-with-quick-commerce-space-heating-up-11639373243183.html | access-date=23 December 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | title=Grofers puts on a new name, Blinkit, to show how the focus of its business is changing | website=Business Insider | date=13 December 2021 | url=https://www.businessinsider.in/business/startups/news/zomato-backed-grofers-rebrands-to-blinkit-as-focus-shifts-to-10-minutes-delivery/articleshow/88251384.cms | access-date=23 December 2021}}</ref> It was founded in December 2013 and is based in [[Gurgaon]].<ref>{{cite news|last1=Sen|first1=Sunmy|title=It's Grofers vs BigBasket in the grocery delivery app war|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/business/it-s-grofers-vs-bigbasket-in-the-grocery-delivery-app-war/story-ngp6goPi1jvfi0UcZNoc9O.html|access-date=29 September 2016|publisher=[[Hindustan Times]]|date=23 May 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Grofers has had a good run so far, aims at operational break-even by year end|url=http://www.businessinsider.in/Grofers-aims-at-operational-break-even-by-year-end/articleshow/53188918.cms|access-date=29 September 2016|publisher=[[Business Insider]]|date=13 July 2016}}</ref>

Customers of the company use a [[mobile app]] to order groceries and essentials online, which are sourced from the company's [[dark store]]s and delivered in 10 minutes.<ref>{{Cite news|date=23 Aug 2021|title=10 minute delivery|language=en|work=Business Today|url=https://www.businesstoday.in/latest/corporate/story/grofers-confident-of-under-10-min-grocery-delivery-within-45-days-304966-2021-08-23|access-date=2017-07-26}}</ref> Blinkit operates in 153 cities in India, as of March 2025.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Sur |first1=Shreya |title=Blinkit, Swiggy Instamart Expand Dark Stores Rapidly; Zepto Slows Down: JP Morgan |url=https://www.ndtvprofit.com/business/blinkit-swiggy-instamart-expand-dark-stores-rapidly-zepto-slows-down-jp-morgan |access-date=29 September 2025 |work=NDTV Profit |date=22 April 2025 |language=en}}</ref>

In 2022, [[Zomato Limited]] (now Eternal) acquired Blinkit for US$568 million in an all-stock deal.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web |title=Zomato acquires Blinkit for $568 million in instant-grocery delivery push |url=https://techcrunch.com/2022/06/24/zomato-blinkit/ |last=Singh |first=Manish |date=2022-06-24 |website=[[TechCrunch]]}}</ref><ref name="auto1">{{Cite news|url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/business/zomato-completes-acquisition-of-quick-commerce-company-blinkit-9009971.html/|title=Zomato completes acquisition of quick commerce company Blinkit|work=Moneycontrol|access-date=2022-12-15|language=en-US}}</ref>

== History ==
The company, originally named Grofers, was founded in December 2013 by Albinder Dhindsa and Saurabh Kumar,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Grofers To Raise Over $5 Mn From SoftBank |url=https://inc42.com/buzz/grofers-to-raise-over-55-mn-from-investor-softbank// |access-date=2021-04-22 |publisher=Inc42 |language=en-US}}</ref> who had first met each other while working for [[Cambridge Systematics]] during the late 2000s.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ankita |date=2016-02-08 |title=[EXCLUSIVE] "We started with a room and couple of people", Grofers Lets Us In On Its Clockworks |url=https://www.hungryforever.com/exclusive-we-started-with-a-room-and-couple-of-people-grofers-lets-us-in-on-its-clockworks/ |access-date=2021-04-06 |website=HungryForever Food Blog |language=en-US}}</ref> The startup piloted in [[National Capital Region (India)|Delhi NCR]] before expanding to other cities in India.{{fact|date=January 2024}}

After seven years of operations as an [[online grocery]] delivery service,<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-12-13|title=Explained: The q-commerce model, how your order is delivered in minutes|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/grofers-rebranded-itself-as-blinkit-7669940/|access-date=2021-12-13|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref> Grofers introduced express grocery delivery in India in 2021, by building a [[dark store]] network. In June 2021, [[Zomato Limited]] (now Eternal) acquired a 9.3% stake in Grofers for $100 million.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Singh |first1=Manish |title=Zomato's $100 million investment to turn Grofers into a unicorn |url=https://techcrunch.com/2021/06/29/zomatos-100-million-investment-to-turn-grofers-into-a-unicorn/ |access-date=29 September 2025 |work=TechCrunch |date=29 June 2021}}</ref> In July 2021, Grofers was reportedly delivering groceries in 15 minutes in [[Gurgaon]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Grofers Forays Into Instant Delivery, Delivers To 7,000 Households Within 15 Mins|url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/business/startup/grofers-forays-into-instant-delivery-delivers-to-7000-households-within-15-mins-7230631.html|access-date=2021-09-23|website=Moneycontrol|language=en}}</ref> A month later, in August 2021, it introduced 10-minute delivery in 12 large cities.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Bhalla|first=Tarush|date=2021-08-23|title=Online grocer Grofers sets sights on under 10-minute deliveries|url=https://www.livemint.com/companies/news/online-grocer-grofers-sets-sights-on-under-10-minute-deliveries-11629657924642.html|access-date=2021-09-23|website=mint|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=After giving up on 90-minute delivery five years ago due to lack of profitability, Grofers is now chasing 10-minute delivery|url=https://www.businessinsider.in/business/startups/news/after-giving-up-on-90-minute-delivery-five-years-ago-due-to-lack-of-profitability-grofers-is-now-chasing-10-minute-delivery/articleshow/88253221.cms|access-date=2021-12-13|website=Business Insider}}</ref> By November 2021, the company was delivering 125,000 orders per day.<ref>{{Cite web|title=We Are Delivering 1.25 Lakh Orders Every Day: Albinder Dhindsa Of Grofers|url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/business/startup/we-are-delivering-1-25-lakh-orders-every-day-albinder-dhindsa-of-grofers-7745991.html|access-date=2021-12-13|website=Moneycontrol|language=en}}</ref>

On 13 December 2021, Grofers changed its brand name to Blinkit<ref>{{Cite web|title=Grofers puts on a new name, Blinkit, to show how the focus of its business is changing|url=https://www.businessinsider.in/business/startups/news/zomato-backed-grofers-rebrands-to-blinkit-as-focus-shifts-to-10-minutes-delivery/articleshow/88251384.cms|access-date=2021-12-13|website=Business Insider}}</ref> in line with its vision to embrace [[Q-commerce|quick-commerce]].<ref>{{cite news | title=Grofers renames itself Blinkit with eye on faster deliveries | website=India Today | date=14 December 2021 | url=https://www.indiatoday.in/business/story/grofers-renames-itself-blinkit-with-eye-on-faster-deliveries-1887503-2021-12-14 | ref={{sfnref | India Today | 2021}} | access-date=23 December 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | title=Grofers rebrands to Blinkit in line with its 10-min grocery delivery plan; steps up hiring | website=Business Today | date=13 December 2021 | url=https://www.businesstoday.in/latest/corporate/story/grofers-rebrands-to-blinkit-in-line-with-its-10-min-grocery-delivery-plan-steps-up-hiring-315327-2021-12-13 | ref={{sfnref | Business Today | 2021}} | access-date=23 December 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | title=Grofers rebrands as Blinkit, assures 10 minute delivery | website=Business News | date=13 December 2021 | url=https://www.timesnownews.com/business-economy/companies/article/grofers-rebrands-as-blinkit-assures-10-minute-delivery/840071 | ref={{sfnref | Business News | 2021}} | access-date=23 December 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-12-13|title=Grofers rebrands to Blinkit as quick commerce space heats up|url=https://www.vccircle.com/grofers-rebrands-to-blinkit-as-quick-commerce-space-heats-up|access-date=2021-12-13|website=VCCircle|language=en-US}}</ref> By the end of 2021, the company had raised about {{currency|630|USD}} million from investors including [[SoftBank]], [[Tiger Management|Tiger Global]] and [[Sequoia Capital]].<ref>{{cite news|last1=Shu|first1=Catherine|title=Indian Hyperlocal Delivery Startup Grofers Pulls Out Of 9 Cities|url=https://techcrunch.com/2016/01/05/indian-hyperlocal-delivery-startup-grofers-pulls-out-of-9-cities/|access-date=29 September 2016|publisher=[[TechCrunch]]|date=5 January 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Ganguly|first1=Paloma|title=Delivering groceries, Grofers bags big bucks from SoftBank|url=https://www.techinasia.com/delivering-groceries-grofers-bags-big-bucks-softbank|access-date=29 September 2016|publisher=[[Tech in Asia]]|date=26 November 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Saligrama|first1=Anirudh|title=How Grofers Is Battling Legal Notice That Was Served By Students|url=http://techstory.in/12082016-grofers-legal-battle/|access-date=29 September 2016|publisher=TechStory|date=15 August 2016}}</ref>

In March 2022, the cash-strapped Blinkit fired 1,600 employees and ground staff, nearly 5% of its total workforce. Soon after, Zomato granted a US$150 million loan to Blinkit and entered talks to acquire it.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Zomato to give $150 million loan to Blinkit |work=The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/tech/funding/zomato-to-give-150-million-loan-to-blinkit/articleshow/90232713.cms |access-date=2023-01-17}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Sahay |first1=Priyanka |last2=Srikanth |first2=Chandra R |title=Zomato to extend $150-million loan to cash-strapped Blinkit |url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/business/startup/zomato-to-give-150-million-debt-to-cash-strapped-blinkit-8235841.html |access-date=29 September 2025 |work=Moneycontrol |date=15 March 2022}}</ref> On 24 June 2022, Zomato announced that it would acquire Blinkit for US$568 million in an all-stock deal.<ref name="auto" /> The acquisition was completed on 10 August 2022.<ref name="auto1" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Rai |first=Joseph |date=2022-06-24 |title=Zomato to acquire Blinkit for ₹4,447 crore in all-stock deal |url=https://www.livemint.com/companies/news/zomato-to-acquire-blinkit-for-4-447-crore-in-all-stock-deal-11656093457147.html |access-date=2023-01-16 |website=mint |language=en}}</ref>

== Services ==
Blinkit primarily delivers groceries, fresh fruits, vegetables, meat, stationery, bakery items, personal care, baby and pet care products, snacks, and flowers, among others.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2015-07-10|title=Albinder Dhindsa|url=https://www.yosuccess.com/success-stories/albinder-dhindsa-grofers/|access-date=2021-04-06|website=Yo! Success|language=en}}</ref>

== Criticism ==
In August 2021, the company's 10-minute delivery service faced criticism with concerns raised over the safety of delivery partners. CEO Albinder Dhindsa, in a [[Twitter|tweet]], defended the mechanism behind express delivery and claimed that there had been zero accidents.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-08-29|title=Grofers co-founder defends 10-min delivery service|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/tech/startups/grofers-albinder-dhindsa-responds-to-criticism-of-10-minute-grocery-delivery/articleshow/85715834.cms?from=mdr|access-date=2021-09-23|website=YourStory.com|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite tweet |last=Dhindsa |first=Albinder |user=albinder |number=1431566536439844869 |date=28 August 2021 |title=I want to chime in about the hate we are getting for delivering groceries in 10 minutes... https://t.co/RNhFvd6ojV |language=en |access-date=21 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211220145112/https://twitter.com/albinder/status/1431566536439844869 |archive-date=20 December 2021 |url-status=live}}</ref>

In June 2022, a Bengaluru-based web development company called Blinkhit filed a [[trademark infringement]] lawsuit against Blinkit.<ref>{{Cite web|date= March 2023|title= Drama is all in the name|url=https://inc42.com/features/blinkhit-vs-blinkit-the-drama-is-all-in-the-name/amp/}}</ref>

In April 2023, hundreds of Blinkit delivery partners in [[Delhi NCR]], where about half of the company's dark stores were located, went on strike after a revision in payout structure resulted in lower earnings for them. This led to a temporary closure of many dark stores.<ref>{{cite news |title=Blinkit strike: Why Zomato-owned company has shut down some Delhi-NCR Dark stores |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/gadgets-news/blinkit-strike-why-zomato-owned-company-has-shut-down-some-delhi-ncr-dark-stores/articleshow/99571544.cms |access-date=5 June 2023 |work=The Times of India |date=18 April 2023}}</ref>

In June 2024, the [[FSSAI]] conducted a raid on a Blinkit warehouse in [[Telangana]], uncovering multiple [[food safety]] violations, including unhygienic storage and handling, [[Expiration date|expired]] food products, and packets suspected of [[infestation]].<ref>{{cite news |title=FSSAI discovers food safety violations at Blinkit warehouse in Telangana, action to be taken |url=https://www.livemint.com/companies/news/fssai-finds-food-safety-violations-at-zomato-blinkit-warehouse-in-telangana-action-handling-storage-infested-flour-dal-11717731589242.html |access-date=20 August 2024 |work=Mint}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Zomato-owned Blinkit warehouse raided in Hyderabad: Company's response on these food safety violations reported |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/technology/tech-news/zomato-owned-blinkit-warehouse-raided-in-hyderabad-these-food-safety-violations-reported/articleshow/110772038.cms |access-date=20 August 2024 |work=The Times of India |date=11 June 2024}}</ref>

== Funding rounds ==
Source:<ref>{{cite web |last1=Bansal |first1=Varsha |title=SoftBank, Tiger Global deliver $220 million in fresh funds to Grofers |url=https://www.livemint.com/companies/start-ups/softbank-leads-200-million-investment-in-grofers-1557915185398.html |website=mint |language=en |date=15 May 2019}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
! Transaction Name
! Number of Investors
! Fund Raised
|-
|Series A
|1
|{{currency|500|USD}}K
|-
|Series B
|2
|{{currency|10|USD}}M
|-
|Series C
|2
|{{currency|36.5|USD}}M
|-
|Series D
|5
|{{currency|120|USD}}M
|-
|Series E
|3
|{{currency|58.6|USD}}M
|-
|Series F
|7
|{{currency|264|USD}}M
|-
|Sale
|[[Zomato Limited]]
|{{currency|568.31|USD}}M
|}

==See also==
* [[Zepto (company)|Zepto]]
* [[Zomato]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{Official website|www.blinkit.com/}}

{{SoftBank}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Blinkit}}
[[Category:2022 mergers and acquisitions]]
[[Category:Companies based in Gurgaon]]
[[Category:Indian companies established in 2013]]
[[Category:Retail companies established in 2013]]
[[Category:Transport companies established in 2013]]
[[Category:Internet properties established in 2013]]
[[Category:Online grocers]]
[[Category:Online retailers of India]]
[[Category:SoftBank portfolio companies]]
[[Category:Privately held companies of India]]

Chaturbhuj Sthan

2026-05-02T19:05:07Z

ErmelindaDez: starting initial info more to come...

{{Short description|Red-light district in Bihar, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name= Chaturbhuj Sthan
| image=
| settlement_type = [[Neighborhoods in Muzaffarpur|Neighborhood of Muzaffarpur]]
| caption=
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Bihar]]
| subdivision_type2 = City
| subdivision_name2 = [[Muzaffarpur]]
| area =
| added =
| governing_body = [[Muzaffarpur Municipal Corporation]]
| refnum=
}}
'''Chaturbhuj Sthan''' is a [[red-light district]] in [[Muzaffarpur]], a district in the state of [[Bihar]], India.<ref name="Outlook">{{cite web |url=http://www.outlookindia.com/magazine/story/rani-begum-ex-courtesan-now-helps-heal-the-lives-of-her-sisters/216529 |title=Rani Begum, ex-courtesan, now helps heal the lives of her sisters |newspaper=OutlookIndia.com |date= |author= |access-date=25 June 2016}}</ref> The area is said to have existed since the Mughal period and is home to more than 3,500 sex workers.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/even-sex-workers-did-not-lag-behind-in-human-chain-formation/articleshow/56707589.cms|title=Even sex workers did not lag behind in human chain formation - Times of India|newspaper=The Times of India|date=22 January 2017 |access-date=19 December 2017}}</ref> It gained its name from the Chaturbhuj Sthan Temple located there.

The area has a problem with [[sex trafficking]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Nair |first1=P. M. |author2-link=Sankar Sen (police officer) |last2=Sen |first2=Sankar |title=Trafficking in Women and Children in India |date=2005 |publisher=Orient Blackswan |isbn=9788125028451 |pages=366–367 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1xFnEyqFupUC&q=Chaturbhuj+Sthan&pg=PA366 |language=en}}</ref> The area is based around a kilometer long lane where female sex workers perform the [[Mujra]] dance for potential clients.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://indiatoday.in/story/bihar-diary-dying-art-forgotten-voters-muzaffarpurs-mujra-girls/1/511416.html|title=Bihar Diary: Dying art, forgotten voters - Muzaffarpur's Mujra Girls|website=India Today|date=31 October 2015|access-date=19 December 2017}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Prostitution in India}}
{{Sex|state=collapsed}}
{{Sexual revolution}}
{{Asia in topic|Prostitution in}}
{{Portal bar|India|human sexuality|Sex work|Nudity|Feminism}}

{{Coord|26.1214616|85.3904478|display=title}}

[[Category:Muzaffarpur district]]
[[Category:Prostitution in India]]
[[Category:Red-light districts in India]]

{{Bihar-stub}}

KASHISH Pride Film Festival

2026-04-27T10:10:20Z

ErmelindaDez: Put up new data first draft - done

{{Short description|LGBT film festival held in Mumbai, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}
{{Infobox Film Festival
| name = KASHISH Pride Film Festival
| founded = {{start year and age|2010}}
| founders = [[Sridhar Rangayan]], [[Saagar Gupta]]
| image =
| caption = KASHISH Pride Film Festival
| location = [[Mumbai]], [[India]]
| language = International
| website = {{URL|http://mumbaiqueerfest.com/}}
}}

The '''KASHISH Pride Film Festival''' (earlier known as '''KASHISH Mumbai International Queer Film Festival''',<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/kashish-pride-film-festival-announces-its-theme-unfurl-your-pride-for-2024/articleshow/105942488.cms/|title=Kashish Pride Film Festival announces its theme ‘Unfurl Your Pride' for 2024|date=2023-12-23|website=timesofindia|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mid-day.com/mumbai/mumbai-news/article/mumbai-diary-tuesday-dossier-23325603|title=Mumbai Diary: Tuesday Dossier|date=2023-12-19|website=MIDDay|language=en-US}}</ref> also known as '''Mumbai International Queer Film Festival''' and '''Mumbai Queer Film Festival''') is an annual [[LGBTQ]] event that has been held in [[Mumbai]], [[India]], since 2010. The [[film festival]] screens [[gay]], [[lesbian]], [[bisexual]], [[transgender]] and [[queer]] films from India and around the world. It is voted as one of the top five LGBT film festivals in the world.<ref name="thehindubusinessline.com" />

== Background ==

2009 was a historic year for the LGBTQ movement in India. On 2 July 2009, the [[Delhi High Court]] court ruling decriminalised homosexual intercourse between consenting adults and judged [[Section 377 of the Indian Penal Code]] to be conflicting with the fundamental rights guaranteed by the [[Constitution of India]]. This brought a respite to the Indian LGBT community that has been repressed and marginalized. This also led to open celebrations by LGBT persons including [[pride parade]]s in many of the metros.<ref name="fore" />

This was followed by the relaunch of India's first gay magazine, ''Bombay Dost''.<ref name="Celina Jaitley" /> The Indian [[Election Commission of India|Election Commission]] decided to recognize transgender as a separate category. All these activities brought media focus and visibility to the [[LGBTQ community]] in India.<ref name="UN body slams India" /><ref name="BBC Article" /><ref name="Why should" />

KASHISH Pride Film Festival took this movement forward through the medium of films. It made LGBTQ persons, their desires and aspirations visible through films and brought about an international perspective to LGBTQ works. The objective of the festival continues to mainstream the LGBTQ community and project them as 'normal' human beings who have the capacity to love and live with dignity. The festival offers cinema as a means to understand what being queer means today, and how it impacts both the queer community and the society at large.<ref>{{cite web |author=Added by Nicholas Snow View Events |url=http://www.notesfromhollywood.com/events/kashish-mumbai-queer-film |title=Kashish – Mumbai Queer Film Festival, 2010 |publisher=NotesFromHollywood.com |access-date=20 January 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110714200802/http://notesfromhollywood.com/events/kashish-mumbai-queer-film |archive-date=14 July 2011}}</ref>

It was the first Indian LGBTQ film festival to be held in a mainstream theater. It was also the first LGBTQ film festival to obtain a clearance from the [[Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (India)]].

== The festival ==

KASHISH Pride Film Festival, 2010<ref>[http://www.lgbtfilmfestivals.wetpaint.com/.../International+LGBT+Film+Fests]{{dead link|date=January 2011}}</ref> was held between 22 and 25 April 2010, spread across two venues in Mumbai – one in the city and one in the suburbs. The first edition was organized by [[Solaris Pictures]] and [[Humsafar Trust|The Humsafar Trust]] in association with [[Bombay Dost]]. Features, short films, documentaries and [[experimental films]] were screened that highlighted gay, lesbian, bisexual and transgender characters and stories. The films explored the diverse realities, complexities, joys and sorrows that make up the global queer experience. They also celebrated, reclaimed, and explained LGBTQ identities while engaging and entertaining audiences. The film festival brought together the audience, the films and their makers to create social change.

In its debut year, founder Festival Director [[Sridhar Rangayan]] said he hoped that the film festival would encourage greater visibility of [[queer cinema]] and bring it into the mainstream discourse. He has said that the festival showcases the films to both queer and mainstream audiences, in order to make them aware of queer thought, desires and expressions.<ref>[http://www.gaynewsbits.com/.../mumbai-queer-film-festival-to-push-the-envelope/]{{dead link|date=January 2011}}</ref>

The festival boasts of support from Indian film personalities. [[Shyam Benegal]] is the Festival Patron. [[Celina Jaitly]] was the Festival Ambassador till 2020.

The advisory board of the festival is composed of eminent personalities like [[Aruna Raje]] Patil, [[Dolly Thakore]], Meghna Ghai Puri, [[Renuka Shahane]], Roy Wadia, Satya Rai Nagpaul and [[Vivek Vaswani|Viveck Vaswani]]. In the past years [[Onir]], Jenni Olson (USA), Nandini Sardesai and [[Shernaz Patel]] served on the advisory board.

Some of the chief guests and guests of honour at the festival have been Sir [[Ian McKellen]], [[Deepa Mehta]], [[Sonam Kapoor]], [[Arjun Kapoor]], [[Raveena Tandon]], [[Konkana Sen Sharma]], [[Nawazuddin Siddiqui]], [[Rajkummar Rao|Rajkumar Rao]], [[Juhi Chawla]], [[Manisha Koirala]], [[Nandita Das]] [[Deepa Mehta]], [[Swara Bhasker|Swara Bhaskar]], [[Divya Dutta]], [[Pratik Gandhi]], [[Vikramaditya Motwane]], [[Guneet Monga]], [[Abhishek Chaubey]], [[Ila Arun]], [[Soni Razdan]], [[Rajit Kapur|Rajit Kapur]], [[Renuka Shahane]], [[Kiran Rao]], [[Sonali Kulkarni]], [[Payal Kapadia (filmmaker)|Payal Kapadia]], [[Devashish Makhija]], [[Ranveer Brar]], [[Shalmali Kholgade|Shalmali]], [[Pooja Bhatt]], [[Anupam Kher]], [[Kunal Kapoor (actor, born 1977)|Kunal Kapoor]], [[Sai Paranjpye]], [[Kabir Bedi]], [[Kalpana Lajmi]], [[Zeenat Aman]], [[Moushumi Chatterjee]], [[Onir]], [[Tanuja Chandra]], [[Neeraj Ghaywan]], [[Sanjay Suri]], [[Neelam Kothari]], [[Rajeshwari Sachdev|Rajeshwari Sachdeva]], [[Varun Badola]], [[Shweta Kawatra]], [[Varun Grover (writer)|Varun Grover]], [[Shalmali_Kholgade]], [[Rekha Bhardwaj]], [[Simone Singh]], [[Sona Mohapatra]], [[Anant Mahadevan]], [[Shishir Sharma]], [[Shruti Seth]], [[Dalip Tahil]], [[Shaina NC]], [[Nisa Godrej]], Aleque Padamsee, [[Apurva Asrani]], [[Suchitra Pillai-Malik]], [[Purab Kohli]], Adhuna Bhabani, Prince [[Manvendra Singh Gohil]], [[Laxmi Narayan Tripathi]] and [[Sushant Divgikar]].

KASHISH since 2010 to 2016 was organized by [[Solaris Pictures]] and co-organized by The [[Humsafar Trust]].
Since 2017, KASHISH is organized by KASHISH Arts Foundation, in association with [[Solaris Pictures]].

===Calendar===
* The 1st edition of the festival was held in April 2010 at [[PVR Cinemas]] & Alliance Française de Bombay, and screened 110 films from 25 countries. Its theme was 'See A Different World'.
* The 2nd edition of the festival was held in May 2011 at [[Cinemax]] Versova & Alliance Française de Bombay, and screened 124 films from 23 countries. Its theme was 'Bigger, Bolder & Queerer'.
* The 3rd edition of the festival was held in May 2012 at Cinemax Versova & Alliance Française de Bombay, and screened 120 films from 30 countries. Its theme was 'For Everyone'.
* The 4th edition of the festival was held in May 2013 at Cinemax Versova & Alliance Française de Bombay, and screened 132 films from 40 countries. Its theme was 'Towards Change'.
* The 5th edition of the festival was held in May 2014 at [[Liberty Cinema]] & Alliance Française de Bombay, and screened 154 films from 31 countries. Its theme was 'Dare To Dream'.
* The 6th edition of the festival was held in May 2015 at Liberty Cinema, Alliance Française de Bombay & Max Mueller Bhavan, and screened 180 films from 44 countries. Its theme was 'Reaching Out, Touching Hearts'.
* The 7th edition of the festival was held in May 2016 at Liberty Cinema, Alliance Française de Bombay & Max Mueller Bhavan, and screened 182 films from 53 countries. Its theme was '7 Shades of Love'.
* The 8th edition of festival was held in May 2017 at Liberty Cinema & Alliance Française de Bombay, and screened 147 films from 45 countries. Its theme was 'Diverse, One'.
* The 9th edition of festival was held in May 2018 at Liberty Carnival Cinemas & Metro INOX, and screened 140 films from 45 countries. Its theme was 'Together, With Pride'.
*The 10th edition of festival was held in June 2019 at Liberty Carnival Cinemas & Metro INOX, and screened 160 films from 43 countries. Its theme was 'Over The Rainbow'.<ref name="thehindubusinessline.com"/>
*The 11th edition of festival was held online in July 2020 and screened 157 films from 42 countries. Its theme was 'Moving Forward, Together'.
*The 12th edition of festival was held online in August/September, 2021 and screened 221 films from 53 countries. Its theme was 'Unlock With Pride'.
*The 13th edition of festival was held as a physical festival from June 1–5, 2022 at Liberty Cinema and Alliance Française de Bombay, and as an online festival from June 3–12, 2022; and screened 184 films from 53 countries. Its theme was 'Flights for Freedom'.
*The 14th edition of festival was held as a physical festival from June 7–11, 2023 at Liberty Cinema and Alliance Française de Bombay, and as an online festival from June 15–26, 2023; and screened 110 films from 41 countries. Its theme was 'Be Fluid, Be You!'.
*The 15th edition of festival was held as a physical festival from May 15–19, 2024 at Liberty Cinema, Alliance Française de Bombay and Cinepolis Andheri; and screened 133 films from 46 countries. Its theme was 'Unfurl Your Pride'.
*The 16th edition of festival was held as a physical festival from June 4 - 8, 2025 at Cinepolis Andheri, Alliance Française de Bombay and St. Andrews Auditorium; and screened 152 films from 48 countries. Its theme was 'Love=Peace'. The online edition was held August 15 - September 15, 2025

===Festival Jury===

KASHISH Pride Film Festival has, in its attempt to mainstream queer visibility, engages a jury panel to judge the award categories. The jury has consisted of actors, directors, critics, theater and media personalities and festival curators from India and abroad.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/gauri-shinde-and-ritesh-batra-join-mumbais-kashish-2021-jury/articleshow/84761198.cms|title=Exclusive! Gauri Shinde and Ritesh Batra join Mumbai's Kashish 2021 jury|date=2021-07-29|website=timesofindia|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://mumbaiqueerfest.com/kashish-2019-highlights/|title=KASHISH 2019 Highlights|date=2019-06-07|website=KASHISH Mumbai International Queer Film Festival|language=en-US|access-date=2019-06-15}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%"
! width="5%" | Year
! width="*" | Category
! width="60%" | Jury Members

|-
| 2010 <ref>https://mumbaiqueerfest.com/awards-and-jury</ref>

| All Categories
| [[Dolly Thakore]], [[Mahesh Dattani]], Meenakshi Shedde, [[Rajit Kapur]], [[Suhasini Mulay]]

|-
| 2011 <ref>https://www.afaqs.com/media-briefs/49467_celina-jaitley-and-shyam-benegal-announce-kashish---indias-biggest-queer-film-festival</ref>
| All Categories
| [[John Badalu]] (Indonesia), [[Khalid Mohamed]], [[Sai Paranjpye]], [[Samir Soni]], [[Shernaz Patel]]

|-
| 2012 <ref>http://www.filmsntv.in/2012/05/indias-biggest-queer-film-festival.html</ref>
| All Categories
| Mahabanoo Mody-Kotwal, [[Mayank Shekhar]], [[Mona Ambegaonkar]], [[Parvin Dabas]], [[Renuka Shahane]]

|-
| 2013 <ref>https://mumbaiqueerfest.com/kashish-2013-returns-to-win-hearts-and-march-towards-change/</ref>
| All Categories
| [[Aruna Raje|Aruna Raje Patil]], [[Berwyn Rowlands]] (UK), [[Jerry Pinto]], [[Quasar Thakore-Padamsee]], [[Simone Singh]]

|-
| 2014 <ref>https://www.gaylaxymag.com/latest-news/tru-love-mitraa-win-top-honours-at-kashish-2014/</ref>
| All Categories
| Avantika Akerkar, [[Nitish Bharadwaj]], [[Onir]], Pia Benegal, [[Sarika]]

|-
| 2015 <ref>http://www.filmsntv.in/2015/05/kashish-mumbai-international-queer-film.html/</ref>
| All Categories
| [[Aamir Bashir]], [[Anubhav Sinha]], Chitra Palekar, Malavika Saangghvi, [[Meghna Malik]]

|-
| 2016 <ref>https://mumbaiqueerfest.com/meet-kashish-2016-jury/</ref>
| All Categories
| Andrea Kuhn (Germany), [[Kaizaad Kotwal]], [[Manav Gohil]], Parvati Balagopalan, [[Rajeshwari Sachdev]]

|-
| rowspan="4" | 2017 <ref>https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/kashish-mumbai-queer-film-festival-kicks-off-loev-to-be-the-closing-film-3475052.html</ref>
|-
| Narrative Jury
| [[Anjum Rajabali]], Aseem Chhabra, Jabeen Merchant, [[Lubna Salim]], Vinta Nanda
|-
| Student Shorts Jury
| Avijit Mukul Kishore, Debashree Mukherjee (USA), Pablo Naranjo-Golborne
|}

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%"
! width="5%" | Year
! width="*" | Category
! width="60%" | Jury Members

|-
| rowspan="4" | 2018
<ref>https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/annual-lgbtq-film-festival-kick-starts-in-mumbai/articleshow/64305790.cms</ref>

|-
| Narrative Jury
| [[Jayati Bhatia]], [[Sid Makkar]], [[Tara Deshpande]]
|-
| Documentary Jury
| Batul Mukhtiar, [[Malathi Rao]], [[Ramchandra P. N.|Ramchandra P.N]]
|-
| Student Shorts Jury
| Irene Dhar Malik, Jeroo Mulla, [[Harish Iyer]]
|}

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%"
! width="5%" | Year
! width="*" | Category
! width="60%" | Jury Members

|-
| rowspan="4" | 2019
<ref>https://bollyy.com/kashish-miqff-2019-inaugurated-rekha-bhardwaj-performance-kicks-off-south-asias-biggest-lgbtq-film-festival/</ref>
|-
| Narrative Jury
| [[Kitu Gidwani]], [[Neeraj Ghaywan]], [[Sheeba Chaddha]]
|-
| Documentary Jury
| Pankaj Rishi Kumar, [[Paromita Vohra]], Ranjan Das
|-
| Student Shorts Jury
| Dr. Ivan John, Jyoti Kapoor, Somnath Sen
|}

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%"
! width="5%" | Year
! width="*" | Category
! width="60%" | Jury Members

|-
| rowspan="6" | 2020
<ref>https://www.pninews.com/amp/hansal-mehta-sandhya-mridul-will-headline-kashish-2020-jury/</ref>

|-
| Narrative Jury
| [[Hansal Mehta]], [[Sandhya Mridul]], [[Sumitra Bhave–Sunil Sukthankar|Sunil Sukthankar]]
|-
| Documentary Jury
| [[Faiza Ahmad Khan]], [[Miriam Chandy Menacherry]], [[Nakul Singh Sawhney]]
|-
| Student Shorts Jury
| Rabiya Nazki, Shankhajeet De and [[Tangella Madhavi]]
|-
| KASHISH QDrishti Film Grant Jury
| [[Anjum Rajabali]], [[Aruna Raje|Arunaraje Patil]], [[Onir]]
|}

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%"
! width="5%" | Year
! width="*" | Category
! width="60%" | Jury Members

|-
| rowspan="6" | 2021
<ref>https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/gauri-shinde-and-ritesh-batra-join-mumbais-kashish-2021-jury/articleshow/84761198.cms</ref>
|-
| Narrative Jury
| Cary Rajinder Sawhney (UK), [[Gauri Shinde]], [[Ritesh Batra]], Satya Rai Nagpaul, Selvaggia Velo (Italy)
|-
| Documentary Jury
| [[Beena Paul]], Gargi Sen, [[Nandan Saxena]]
|-
| Student Shorts Jury
| Dr. [[Anjali Monteiro]], Ketki Pandit, [[Vivek Vaswani|Viveck Vaswani]]
|-
| KASHISH QDrishti Film Grant Jury
| [[Renuka Shahane]], [[Robin Bhatt]], [[Urmi Juvekar]]

|}

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%"
! width="5%" | Year
! width="*" | Category
! width="60%" | Jury Members

|-
| rowspan="6" | 2022
<ref>https://thedailyeye.info/in-the-news/indian-asian-films-win-big-at-kashish-2022/845d59299aeb475c</ref>
|-
| Narrative Jury
| [[Hardik Mehta]], [[Leena Yadav]], Sameera Iyengar
|-
| Documentary Jury
| Anjali Panjabi, Priti Chandriani, Ramanuj Dutta
|-
| Student Shorts Jury
| Anupam Barve, Prathyush Parasuraman, Raga D’Silva
|-
| KASHISH QDrishti Film Grant Jury
| [[Alankrita Shrivastava]], [[Apurva Asrani]], Chhitra Subramaniam, [[Nupur Asthana]]
|}

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%"
! width="5%" | Year
! width="*" | Category
! width="60%" | Jury Members

|-
| rowspan="6" | 2023
<ref>https://globalindianstories.org/index.php/2023/06/30/kashish-2023-transgender-films-win-big-at-film-festival/</ref>
|-
| Narrative Jury
| [[Anup Soni]], Jitin Hingorani, [[Lillete Dubey]]
|-
| Documentary Jury
| Aanchal Kapur, [[Nandan Saxena]], Shanti Bhushan Roy
|-
| Student Shorts Jury
| Atika Chohan, Rucha Pathak, Samarth Mahajan
|-
| KASHISH QDrishti Film Grant Jury
| Aditi Anand, Cary Sawhney, Kaizaad Kotwal
|}

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%"
! width="5%" | Year
! width="*" | Category
! width="60%" | Jury Members

|-
| rowspan="6" | 2024
<ref>https://www.freepressjournal.in/entertainment/kiran-rao-sonali-kulkarni-shweta-basu-prasad-share-their-experience-of-being-jury-members-at-kashish-pride-film-festival-2024</ref>
|-
| Narrative Jury
| [[Barun Sobti]], [[Kiran Rao]], [[Sonali Kulkarni]]
|-
| Documentary Jury
| Kavita Bahl, Pushpendra Singh, Shilpi Gulati
|-
| Student Shorts Jury
| Abhijit Majumdar, [[Gazal Dhaliwal]], [[Shweta Basu Prasad]]
|-
| KASHISH QDrishti Film Grant Jury
| [[Amit V. Masurkar|Amit Masurkar]], Atika Chohan, [[Joy Sengupta]]

|}

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%"
! width="5%" | Year
! width="*" | Category
! width="60%" | Jury Members

|-
| rowspan="6" | 2025
<ref>https://variety.com/2025/film/news/oscar-winner-guneet-monga-kapoor-vikramaditya-motwane-kashish-lgbtq-film-fest-jury-1236411680/</ref>
|-
| Narrative Jury
| [[Shishir Sharma]], [[Shruti Seth]], [[Tanuja Chandra]]
|-
| Documentary Jury
| [[Bishakha Datta]], Prateek Vats, Shubhra Chatterjee
|-
| Student Shorts Jury
| [[Siddharth Menon (actor)|Siddharth Menon]], [[Sudhanshu Saria]], Svetlana Naudiyal
|-
| KASHISH QDrishti Film Grant Jury
| [[Abhishek Chaubey]], [[Guneet Monga]] Kapoor, [[Vikramaditya Motwane]]

|}

The jury members for the Riyad Wadia Award for Best Emerging Indian Filmmaker has been Roy Wadia and Nargis Wadia all the years. The jury member for the Ismat Chughtai Award for Best Indian Woman Filmmaker has been Ashish Sawhny all the years. Neeraj Churi and [[Sridhar Rangayan]] have been a jury member for the KASHISH QDrishti Film Grant all the years.

[[Wendell Rodricks]], celebrity fashion designer, was the judge from 2012 to 2020 of the KASHISH Poster Design Contest that invites designers from around the world to create the look of the festival, which will be used in posters, billboards and other promotional materials. After passing away of Wendell Rodricks, his husband Jerome Marrel was the judge from 2020 till 2023.

==Award winners==

===Best Narrative Feature Film===
*2025: ''[[Odd Fish]]'' - [[Snævar Sölvi Sölvason|Snævar Sölvason]] | Iceland<ref name="KASHISH 2025">{{cite web|url=https://variety.com/2025/film/news/trans-drama-odd-fish-baby-india-kashish-lgbtq-festival-awards-1236424445/ |title=Icelandic Trans Drama ‘Odd Fish,’ Brazilian Film ‘Baby’ Triumph at India’s Kashish LGBTQ+ Festival |date=10 June 2025 |publisher=Variety}}</ref>
*2024: ''You Promised Me The Sea'' - Nadir Moknèche | France<ref name="KASHISH 2024">{{cite web|url=https://thedailyeye.info/in-the-news/festivals-grand-finale-at-kashish-pride-film-festival/b983742efc649895 |title=FESTIVALS: GRAND FINALE AT KASHISH PRIDE FILM FESTIVAL |date=23 May 2024 |publisher=TheDailyEye}}</ref>
*2023: ''Lie With Me'' - [[Olivier Peyon]] | France<ref name="KASHISH 2023">{{cite web|url=https://thedailyeye.info/in-the-news/films-with-transgender-focus-win-big-at-kashish-2023/48f70e56b1a99708 |title=FILMS WITH TRANSGENDER FOCUS WIN BIG AT KASHISH 2023|date=30 June 2023 |publisher=TheDailyEye}}</ref>
*2022: ''Naanu Ladies'' - Shailaja Padindala | India, UK<ref name="KASHISH 2022">{{cite web|url=https://variety.com/2022/film/news/kashish-2022-festival-winners-1235294784/|title='Naanu Ladies,' 'LA QueenCianera' Win at India's Kashish LGBTQ+ Film Festival|date=15 June 2022 |publisher=Variety//}}</ref>
*2021: ''Forgotten Roads'' - Nicol Ruiz | Chile<ref name="KASHISH 2021">{{cite web|url=http://globalindianstories.com/index.php/2021/09/06/latin-american-films-win-big-at-kashish-2021-announced-at-a-grand-online-award-ceremony/|title=KASHISH 2021: Latin American films win big at a grand online award ceremony|date=6 September 2021|publisher=globalindianstories/|access-date=19 September 2021|archive-date=5 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220705055231/http://globalindianstories.com/index.php/2021/09/06/latin-american-films-win-big-at-kashish-2021-announced-at-a-grand-online-award-ceremony/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
*2020: ''Music For The Bleeding Hearts'' - Rafael Gomes | Brazil<ref name="KASHISH 2020">{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/brazilian-film-music-for-the-bleeding-hearts-wins-big-at-virtual-queer-film-festival/articleshow/77288206.cms|title=Brazilian film 'Music For The Bleeding Hearts' wins big at virtual queer film festival |publisher=timesofindia/}}</ref>
*2019: ''Jose'' - Li Cheng | Guatemala<ref name="KASHISH 2019">{{Cite web|url=http://mumbaiqueerfest.com/2019/06/jose-best-narrative-feature-film-kahish-miqff-2019-booth-best-indian-narrative-short-film/|title='JOSE' IS BEST NARRATIVE FEATURE FILM AT KAHISH MIQFF 2019, 'THE BOOTH' IS BEST INDIAN NARRATIVE SHORT FILM|publisher=mumbaiqueerfest.com|access-date=5 July 2019|archive-date=9 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190709140108/http://mumbaiqueerfest.com/2019/06/jose-best-narrative-feature-film-kahish-miqff-2019-booth-best-indian-narrative-short-film/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
*2018: ''Mater'' - Pablo D’Alo Abba | Argentina<ref name="KASHISH 2018">{{Cite web|url=http://mumbaiqueerfest.com/2018/05/mater-best-narrative-film-ajay-wins-best-indian-short-pashi-qdrishti-winner-kashish-2018/|title='MATER' IS BEST NARRATIVE FILM, 'AJAY' WINS BEST INDIAN SHORT AND 'PASHI' IS QDRISHTI WINNER AT KASHISH 2018|publisher=mumbaiqueerfest.com|access-date=5 August 2018|archive-date=11 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190811165912/http://mumbaiqueerfest.com/2018/05/mater-best-narrative-film-ajay-wins-best-indian-short-pashi-qdrishti-winner-kashish-2018/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
*2017: ''Gloria and Grace'' - Flávio R. Tambellini | Brazil<ref name="KASHISH 2017">{{Cite web|url=https://pandolin.com/kashish-2017-complete-list-of-winners/|title=KASHISH 2017 | COMPLETE LIST OF WINNERS|publisher=Pandolin.com|access-date=3 June 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170828233302/http://pandolin.com/kashish-2017-complete-list-of-winners/|archive-date=28 August 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref>
*2016: ''[[How to Win at Checkers (Every Time)|How To Win At Checkers (Every Time)]]'' - Josh Kim | Thailand, USA, Indonesia<ref name="KASHISH 2016" />
*2015: ''[[Jongens|Boys (Jongens)]]'' - [[Mischa Kamp]] | The Netherlands<ref name="KASHISH 2015" />
*2014: ''Tru Love'' - Kate Johnston and Shauna MacDonald | Canada<ref name="KASHISH 2014" />
*2013: ''Morgan'' - Michael Akers | USA<ref name="KASHISH 2013" />
*2012: ''My Last Round (Mi Ultimo Rounde)'' - Julio Jorquera Arriagada | Chile<ref name="KASHISH 2012" />
*2011: ''[[I Am (2010 Indian film)|I Am]]'' - [[Onir]] | India

===Unity in Diversity Best Documentary Feature Film===
Instituted in the memory of socialist and reformer Shri K.F.Patil.
*2025: ''Warm Film'' - Dragan Jovićević | Serbia<ref name="KASHISH 2025"/>
*2024: ''Neirud'' - Fernanda Faya | Brazil<ref name="KASHISH 2024"/>
*2023: ''Mama Bears'' - Daresha Kyi | USA<ref name="KASHISH 2023"/>
*2022: ''LA Queencianera'' - Pedro Peira | Mexico, USA<ref name="KASHISH 2022"/>
*2021: ''Canela'' - Cecilia del Valle | Argentina<ref name="KASHISH 2021"/>
*2020: ''One Taxi Ride'' - Mak CK | Mexico<ref name="KASHISH 2020"/>
*2019: ''[[Until Porn Do Us Part]]'' - Jorge Pelicano | Portugal<ref name="KASHISH 2019"/>
*2018: ''Boys For Sale'' - Itako | Japan<ref name="KASHISH 2018"/>
*2017: ''No Dress Code Required'' - Cristina Herrera Bórquez | Mexico<ref name="KASHISH 2017"/>
*2016: ''Pansy'' - Jean-Baptiste Erreca | France
*2015: ''[[Do I Sound Gay?]]'' - David Thorpe | USA
*2014: ''Bridegroom'' - Linda Bloodworth-Thomason | USA
*2013: ''Hide and Seek'' - Saadat Munir | Pakistan, Denmark
*2012: ''Let The Butterflies Fly (Chittegalu Haradali)'' - Gopal Menon | India
*2011: ''[[We Were Here (film)|We Were Here]]'' - [[David Weissman]] | USA
*2010: ''[[Prodigal Sons (film)|Prodigal Sons]]'' - Kimberly Reed | USA<ref name=awards>{{cite web|title=Kashish Awards and Jury 2010|url=http://www.mumbaiqueerfest.com/kashish2010/index.php?option=com_content&view=category&layout=blog&id=42&Itemid=68|publisher=Kashish-Mumbai International Queer Film Festival|access-date=30 May 2011|archive-date=18 April 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110418000523/http://www.mumbaiqueerfest.com/kashish2010/index.php?option=com_content&view=category&layout=blog&id=42&Itemid=68|url-status=dead}}</ref>

===Unity in Diversity Best Documentary Short Film===
Instituted in the memory of socialist and reformer Shri K.F.Patil.
*2025: ''B and S'' - [[Lipika Singh Darai]] | India<ref name="KASHISH 2025"/>
*2024: ''Dear Sahithya'' - Leo Paapam | India<ref name="KASHISH 2024"/>
*2023: ''What it Means To Be'' - Lea Luiz de Oliveira | UK<ref name="KASHISH 2023"/>
*2022: ''Beirut Dreams In Colour'' - Michael Collins | Lebanon, USA<ref name="KASHISH 2022"/>
*2021: ''Tracing Utopia'' - Nick Tyson & Catarina de Sousa | Portugal<ref name="KASHISH 2021"/>
*2020: ''Breakwater'' - Cris Lyra | Brazil<ref name="KASHISH 2020"/>
*2019: ''Laadli'' - Sudipto Kundu | India<ref name="KASHISH 2019"/>
*2018: ''Little Potato'' - Wes Hurley | USA, Russia<ref name="KASHISH 2018"/>
*2017: ''Naked Wheels'' - Rajesh James | India<ref name="KASHISH 2017"/>
*2016: ''Transindia'' - Meera Darji | India, UK
*2015: ''Novena'' - Anna Rodgers | Ireland
*2014: ''Families Are Forever'' - [[Vivian Kleiman]] | USA
*2013: ''Two Girls Against The Rain'' - Sopheak Sao | Cambodia
*2012: ''Are We So Different (Aamra Ki Etoi Bhinno)'' - Lok Prakash | Bangladesh
*2011: ''Bullied'' - Bill Brummel and Geoffrey Sharp | UK
*2010: ''XXWHY'' - Dr.Bharathy Manjula | India<ref name=awards/>

===Best International Narrative Short Film===
*2025: ''Violets (Violetas)'' - Borja Escribano | Spain<ref name="KASHISH 2025"/>
*2024: ''Breaking Through'' - Siham Bel | France<ref name="KASHISH 2024"/>
*2023: ''An Avocado Pit'' - Ary Zara | Portugal<ref name="KASHISH 2023"/>
*2022: ''Warsha'' - Dania Bdeir | Lebanon<ref name="KASHISH 2022"/>
*2021: ''Snake'' - Andrej Volkashin | Macedonia<ref name="KASHISH 2021"/>
*2020: ''Touchscreen'' - Arthur Halpern | USA<ref name="KASHISH 2020"/>
*2019: ''Our Way Back'' - Moshe Rosenthal | Israel<ref name="KASHISH 2019"/>
*2018: ''Marguerite'' - Marianne Farley | Canada<ref name="KASHISH 2018"/>
*2017: ''Stay'' - Milka Mircic Martinovic | Germany<ref name="KASHISH 2017"/>
*2016: ''San Cristóbal'' - Omar Zuniga Hidalgo | Chile
*2015: ''09:55 - 11:05 Ingrid Ekman Bergsgatan 4b'' - Cristine Berglund and Sophie Vukovic | Sweden
*2014: ''Naked'' - José Antonio Cortés Amunarriz | Spain
*2013: ''Polaroid Girl'' - April Maxey | USA
*2012: ''Through The Window (Me’ever La’chalon)'' - Chen Shumowitz | Israel<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.indiablooms.com/BollywoodDetailsPage/2012/bollywoodDetails290512c.php |title=India Blooms |publisher=www.indiablooms.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120601031158/http://www.indiablooms.com/BollywoodDetailsPage/2012/bollywoodDetails290512c.php |archive-date=2012-06-01}}</ref>
*2011: ''Let The World Know About Me'' - Marianna Giordano | Argentina
*2010: ''Steam'' - Eldar Rapaport | USA<ref name=awards/>

===Best Indian Narrative Short Film===
*2025: ''Jasmine That Blooms In Autumn'' - Chandradeep Das | India<ref name="KASHISH 2025"/>
*2024: ''Night Queen'' - Naireeta Dasgupta | India<ref name="KASHISH 2024"/>
*2023: ''Shurpankha'' - Jayesh Apte | India<ref name="KASHISH 2023"/>
*2022: ''Muhafiz'' - Pradipta Ray | India<ref name="KASHISH 2022"/>
*2021: ''Are We There Yet?'' - Bhanu Babbal & Kashyap Swaroop | India<ref name="KASHISH 2021"/>
*2020: ''The Song We Sang'' - Aarti Neharsh | India<ref name="KASHISH 2020"/>
*2019: ''The Booth'' - Rohin Ravendran Nair | India<ref name="KASHISH 2019"/>
*2018: ''Ajay'' - Vikrant Dhote | India<ref name="KASHISH 2018"/>
*2017: ''Maacher Jhol (Fish Curry)'' - Abhishek Verma | India<ref name="KASHISH 2017"/>
*2016: ''Daarvatha (The Threshold)'' - Nishant Roy Bombarde | India
*2015: ''Sundar'' - Rohan Kanawade | India and ''Mudivai Thaedum Muttrupulli (A Full Stop That Searches For Its End)'' - Vivek Vishwanathan | India
*2014: ''Mitraa'' - Ravi Jadhav | India
*2013: ''Urmi'' - Jehangir Jani | India
*2012: The jury decided not to award any film in this category.
*2011: ''[[Amen (2010 film)|Amen]]'' - [[Judhajit Bagchi and Ranadeep Bhattacharyya]] | India
*2010: ''Lost & Found'' - Shrenik Jain | India<ref name=awards/>

===Riyad Wadia Award For Best Emerging Indian Filmmaker===
Instituted in memory of late filmmaker [[Riyad Vinci Wadia]], who made India’s first gay film [[Bomgay|BOMgAY]], the Riyad Wadia Award for Best Emerging Indian Filmmaker is an attempt by KASHISH to recognize and nurture emerging Indian voices.
*2025: Saikat Mondal for ''Jalsa – The Name Day'' | India<ref name="KASHISH 2025"/>
*2024: Bonita Rajpurohit for ''IYKYK'' | India<ref name="KASHISH 2024"/>
*2023: Preeti Kanungo and Sourav Yadav for ''Malwa Khushan'' | India<ref name="KASHISH 2023"/>
*2022: Nemil Shah for ''Dal Bhat'' | India<ref name="KASHISH 2022"/>
*2021: Radhika Prasidhha for ''Begum Parvathi''| India<ref name="KASHISH 2021"/>
*2020: Arun Fulara for ''Sunday''<ref name="KASHISH 2020"/>
*2019: Sugandha Bansal for ''A Little More Blue''<ref name="KASHISH 2019"/>
*2018: Preet for ''Gray''<ref name="KASHISH 2018"/>
*2017: Rajesh James for ''Naked Wheels'' and ''Vishal Srivastava'' for ''Selfhood (Wajood)''<ref name="KASHISH 2017"/>
*2016: Vikrant Dhote and Srikant Ananthakrishnan for ''Any Other Day''
*2015: Vaibhav Hatkar for'' Ek Maaya Ashi Hi (A Love Such As This)''
*2014: Sharon Flynn for ''I'dentity''
*2013: Manava Naik for ''Dopehri'' and Rohan Kanawade for ''Lonely Walls (Ektya Bhinti)''
*2012: Pradipta Ray for ''The Night Is Young (Raat Baaki)''
*2011: Shumona Banerjee for ''The Flower Bud (Kusum)''

===Ismat Chughtai Award For Best Woman Filmmaker of Indian Origin===
Instituted in memory of eminent Indian Urdu novelist, short story writer, liberal humanist and filmmaker [[Ismat Chughtai]], the Ismat Chughtai Award For Best Woman Filmmaker of Indian origin is an attempt by KASHISH to acknowledge and encourage women filmmakers of Indian origin to tell path-breaking narratives infused with progressive, positive viewpoints.<ref name="Ismat Chughtai Award">{{cite web|url=https://www.thehansindia.com/featured/sunday-hans/the-ismat-chughtai-award-for-best-indian-woman-filmmaker-799501 |title=The Ismat Chughtai Award for Best Indian Woman Filmmaker|date=28 May 2023 |publisher=The Hans India}}</ref>
*2025: Shoi for ''Project Priyo'' and Joey Kaushik for ''The Witch of Vihar Lake'' | India<ref name="KASHISH 2025"/>
*2024: Naireeta Dasgupta for ''Night Queen'' | India<ref name="KASHISH 2024"/>
*2023: Akanksha Sharma for ''Road Blocked Ahead'' | India<ref name="KASHISH 2023"/>

===Best Performance in a Lead Role===
*2025: Arna Magnea Danks for ''Odd Fish'' | Iceland<ref name="KASHISH 2025"/>
*2024: Samyuktha Vijayan for ''Blue Sunshine'' | India<ref name="KASHISH 2024"/>
*2023: Kika Sena for ''Paloma'' | Brazil<ref name="KASHISH 2023"/>
*2022: Yu Ishizuka for ''The Fish With One Sleeve'' | Japan<ref name="KASHISH 2022"/>
*2021: Maria Eduardo Maia for ''Advent of Mary''| Brazil<ref name="KASHISH 2021"/>
*2020: Benjamin Daimary for ''Fireflies (Jonaki Porua)'' | India<ref name="KASHISH 2020"/>
*2019: Felix Maritaud for ''Sauvage'' | France<ref name="KASHISH 2019"/>
*2018: Chetan Kanwar in ''Pashi'' | India<ref name="KASHISH 2018"/>
*2017: Petrice Jones in ''Play The Devil'' | Trinidad & Tobago<ref name="KASHISH 2017"/>
*2016: Ingkarat Damrongsakkul in ''How To Win At Checkers (Every Time)'' | Thailand, USA, Indonesia
*2015: Kristina Hernandez in ''Stealth'' | USA
*2014: Kate Trotter in ''Tru Love'' | Canada
*2013: Crystal Annette in ''Polaroid Girl'' | USA

===Best Screenplay===
Instituted in the memory of author Dr. Arvind Vaman Kulkarni.
*2025: ''Baby'' written by Gabriel Domingues And Marcelo Caetano | Brazil<ref name="KASHISH 2025"/>
*2024: ''The Wake'' written by Peter Ahlén & Jakob Holtet Stridbæk | Denmark<ref name="KASHISH 2024"/>
*2023: ''Lie With Me'' written by Olivier Peyon | France<ref name="KASHISH 2023"/>
*2022: ''Muhafiz'' written by Pradipta Ray and Ashutosh Pathak | India<ref name="KASHISH 2022"/>
*2021: ''The Man With The Answers'' written by Stelios Kammitsis | Cyprus, Greece, Italy<ref name="KASHISH 2021"/>
*2019: ''Music For The Bleeding Hearts'' written by Rafael Gomes | Brazil<ref name="KASHISH 2020"/>
*2019: ''Jose'' written by Li Cheng | Guatemala<ref name="KASHISH 2019" />

===Best Student Short Film===
*2025: ''Two Travelling Aunties'' - Christine Seow | Columbia, UK<ref name="KASHISH 2025" />
*2024: ''Poisoned Well'' - Radek Sevcik | Slovakia and ''MASC4MASC'' - Felix Augustin Greisinger | Sweden<ref name="KASHISH 2024" />
*2023: ''Jouissance'' - Sadeq Es-haqi | Iran<ref name="KASHISH 2023" />
*2022: ''The Third Solar Term'' - Zhanfei Song | China, UK<ref name="KASHISH 2022" />
*2021: ''On A Path'' - Lihi Lubetkin | Israel<ref name="KASHISH 2021" />
*2020: ''The Summer of 12'' - Kuan-Ling Kuo | Taiwan<ref name="KASHISH 2020" />
*2019: ''Three'' - Lior Soroka | Israel<ref name="KASHISH 2019" />
*2018: ''Celebrate Eileen'' - Judith Westermann | Germany<ref name="KASHISH 2018" />
*2017: ''Still Devout'' - Melissa Perez | USA<ref name="KASHISH 2017" />

===Aditya Nanda Award for Best Film on Queer Mental Health===
Instituted in memory of Aditya Nanda.
*2025: ''After All'' - Chongyan Liu | UK, France, Germany<ref name="KASHISH 2025" />
*2024: ''Sifar'' - Edythe | India<ref name="KASHISH 2024" />

===KASHISH QDrishti Film Grant===
*2025: Shubam Negi for ''Make-Up Room'' | India<ref name="KASHISH 2025" />
*2024: Joey Kaushik for ''The Witch of Vihar Lake'' | India<ref name="KASHISH 2024" />
*2023: Abu Sohel Khondekar for ''Mehroon'' | India<ref name="KASHISH 2023" />
*2022: Arvind Caulagi for ''Taps'' and Preeti Kanungo & Sourav Yadav for ''Malwa-Kushan'' | India<ref name="KASHISH 2022" />
*2021: Bhargav Lahkar for ''The Caress'' | India<ref name="KASHISH 2021" />
*2020: Arun Fulara for ''My Mother's Girlfriend'' | India<ref name="KASHISH 2020" />
*2019: Rohin Raveendran Nair for ''The Booth'' and Sudipto Kundu for ''Laadli''<ref name="KASHISH 2019" />
*2018: [[Siddharth Chauhan]] for ''Pashi'' | India<ref name="KASHISH 2018" />
*2017: Debadrita Bose for ''Clarinets (Shehenaiiya)'' | India<ref name="KASHISH 2017" />
*2016: V. Ramanathan for ''Normalcy'' | India

The Runners-Up for KASHISH QDrishti Film Grant are:
*2025: Rayyan Monkey for ''Us Girls'' and Varsha Panikar for ''Operation: Gulzar'' | India<ref name="KASHISH 2025" />
*2024: Shubham Negi for ''Ghadoli'' and Arnab Nandy for ''Arrey Ladies Hai'' | India<ref name="KASHISH 2024" />

===Special Jury Mention===
*2025: Joao Pedro Mariano for ''Baby'' | Brazil (in the category Performance in a Lead Role)<ref name="KASHISH 2025" />
*2025: Snævar Sölvason for ''Odd Fish'' | Iceland (in the category Best Screenplay)<ref name="KASHISH 2025" />
*2025: Ana Berdeja for ''Sole'' | Mexico (in the category Best Screenplay)<ref name="KASHISH 2025" />
*2024: Vipin Sharma for ''Night Queen'' | India (in the category Performance in a Lead Role)<ref name="KASHISH 2024" />
*2024: Bonita Rajpurohit for ''IYKYK'' | India (in the category Performance in a Lead Role)<ref name="KASHISH 2024" />
*2024: ''Maghreb's Hope'' - Bassem Ben Brahim | Tunisia (in the category Documentary Short)<ref name="KASHISH 2024" />
*2024: ''Give'' - Kenya Gillespie | USA (in the category Student Short)<ref name="KASHISH 2024" />
*2024: Bonita Rajpurohit for ''IYKYK'' | India (in the category Ismat Chughtai Award)
*2024: Abu Sohel Khondekar for ''Mehroon'' | India (in the category Riyad Wadia Award)
*2024: Sarthak Chauhan for ''Chitthi'' | India (in the category Riyad Wadia Award)
*2023: ''Ek Jagah Apni'' - Ektara Collective | India (in the category Narrative Feature)<ref name="KASHISH 2023" />
*2023: ''Law of Love'' - Barbora Chalupová | Czech Republic (in the category Documentary Feature)<ref name="KASHISH 2023" />
*2023: ''Bi The Way'' - Amir Ovadia Steklov | Israel (in the category Documentary Short)<ref name="KASHISH 2023" />
*2023: ''Our Males & Females'' - Ahmad Alyaseer | Jordan (in the category International Narrative Short)<ref name="KASHISH 2023" />
*2023: ''Preeti Kanungo'' for Malwa Khushan | India (in the category Ismat Chughtai Award for Best Indian Woman Filmmaker)<ref name="KASHISH 2023" />
*2023: ''Rahul Roye'' (Aman) and ''Ashutosh Shankar'' (Tara) | India (KASHISH QDrishti Film Grant)<ref name="KASHISH 2023" />
*2022: ''Wet Sand'' - Elene Naveriani | Georgia, Switzerland (in the category Narrative Feature)<ref name="KASHISH 2022"/>
*2022: ''Coming To You'' - Gyuri Byun | South Korea (in the category Documentary Feature)<ref name="KASHISH 2022"/>
*2022: ''Marcel'' - Gastón Calivari | Argentina (in the category Documentary Short)<ref name="KASHISH 2022"/>
*2022: ''Dal Bhat'' - Nemil Shah | India (in the category Indian Narrative Short)<ref name="KASHISH 2022"/>
*2022: ''Breathe'' - Harm van der Sanden | Netherlands (in the category International Narrative Short)<ref name="KASHISH 2022"/>
*2022: ''The Fish With One Sleeve'' - Tsuyoshi Shôji | Japan (in the category International Narrative Short)<ref name="KASHISH 2022"/>
*2022: ''Mazel Tov'' - Eli Zuzovsky | Israel (in the category Student Short)<ref name="KASHISH 2022"/>
*2022: Sagar Minde for ''Her Canvas'' | India (in the category Riyad Wadia Award for Best Indian Emerging Filmmaker)<ref name="KASHISH 2022"/>
*2022: Anureet Watta for ''Kinaara'' | India (in the category Riyad Wadia Award for Best Indian Emerging Filmmaker)<ref name="KASHISH 2022"/>
*2021: ''[[Rebel Dykes]]'' - Harri Shanahan & Siân A. Williams | UK (in the category Best Documentary Feature)<ref name="KASHISH 2021"/>
*2021: ''Nothing But A Human'' - Swati Jaiswal | India (in the category Best Documentary Short)<ref name="KASHISH 2021"/>
*2021: ''Keep Punching'' - Kirnay Bhatt | India (in the category Best Indian Narrative Short)<ref name="KASHISH 2021"/>
*2021: ''Stray Dogs Come Out At Night'' - Humza Bangash | Pakistan (in the category Best International Narrative Short)<ref name="KASHISH 2021"/>
*2021: ''Today'' - Francis Chillet | France (in the category Best Student Short)<ref name="KASHISH 2021"/>
*2020: ''March For Dignity'' - John Eames | UK, Georgia (in the category Best Documentary Feature)<ref name="KASHISH 2020"/>
*2020: ''My Brother Is A Mermaid'' - Alfie Dale | UK (in the category Best International Narrative Short)<ref name="KASHISH 2020"/>
*2020: ''We Are Dancers'' - Joe Morris | UK (in the category Best International Narrative Short)<ref name="KASHISH 2020"/>
*2020: ''Neon Hearts'' - Ana Jakimska | Macedonia, the former Yugoslav Republic of (in the category Best Student Short)<ref name="KASHISH 2020"/>
*2019: Amruta Shubhash in ''The Booth'' | India (in the category Best Performance in a Lead Role)<ref name="KASHISH 2019"/>
*2019: Parna Pethe in ''The Booth'' | India (in the category Best Performance in a Lead Role)<ref name="KASHISH 2019"/>
*2019: Lior Ashkenazi in ''Our Way Back'' | Israel (in the category Best Performance in a Lead Role)<ref name="KASHISH 2019"/>
*2019: ''Shaadi Ke Kapde'' - Sonal Giani | India (in the category Riyad Wadia Award for Best Emerging Indian Filmmaker)<ref name="KASHISH 2019"/>
*2019: ''Rangeen'' - Shaikh Ayaz | India (in the category Riyad Wadia Award for Best Emerging Indian Filmmaker)<ref name="KASHISH 2019"/>
*2019: ''Hands & Wings'' - Sungbin Byun | Republic of Korea (in the category Best Student Short)<ref name="KASHISH 2019"/>
*2019: ''Prisoner Of Society'' - Rati Tsiteladze | Georgia (in the category Best Documentary Short)<ref name="KASHISH 2019"/>
*2019: ''Visibles'' - Enrique Rey | Spain (in the category Best Documentary Short)<ref name="KASHISH 2019"/>
*2019: ''Fifth Floor On The Left'' - Renata Lucic | Croatia (in the category Best Screenplay)<ref name="KASHISH 2019"/>
*2018: ''Birds Of Paradise'' - Rahul MM | India (in the category Riyad Wadia Award for Best Emerging Indian Filmmaker)<ref name="KASHISH 2018"/>
*2018: ''Sunken Plum'' - Gu Xiang | China (in the category Best Performance in a Lead Role)<ref name="KASHISH 2018"/>
*2018: ''Sunken Plum'' - Roberto F. Canuto & Xiaoxi Xu | China (in the category Best International Narrative Short Film)<ref name="KASHISH 2018"/>
*2018: ''Goldfish'' - Yorgos Angelopoulos | Greece (in the category Best International Narrative Short Film)<ref name="KASHISH 2018"/>
*2018: ''Mathias'' - Clara Stern | Austria (in the category Best Student Short Film)<ref name="KASHISH 2018"/>
*2017: ''Beautiful Figure'' - Hajni Kis | The Netherlands (in the category Best Student Short Film)
*2016: ''Beautiful Something'' - Brian Sheppard | USA (in the category Best Performance in a Lead Role)
*2016: Antonio Altamirano ''San Cristóbal'' | Chile (in the category Best Performance in a Lead Role)
*2016: ''Trade Queen'' - David Wagner | Germany (in the category Best International Narrative Short Film)
*2016: ''Technical Difficulties of Intimacy'' - Joel Moffett | USA (in the category Best International Narrative Short Film)
*2016: ''That's My Boy'' - Akhil Satyan | India (in the category Riyad Wadia Award for Best Emerging Indian Filmmaker)
*2012: ''We The Outsiders... (Aamhi Ka Tisre...)'' - Ramesh Laxman More | India (in the category Riyad Wadia Award for Best Emerging Indian Filmmaker)
*2010: ''Holding Hands'' - Tonnette Stanford and Katherine Wilkinson | Australia (in the category International Narrative Short)
*2010: ''Flying Inside My Body'' - Sushmit Ghosh, Rintu Thomas, Sumit Sharma and Ajeeta Chowhan | India (in the category Documentary Short)
*2010: ''Speak Up! It is Not My Fault'' - Deepika Lal | India (in the category Documentary Short)
*2010: ''Dirty Magazines'' - Jay Levy | USA (in the category International Narrative Short)
*2010: ''I Am Gay (Jag Ar Bog)'' - Nicolos Kolovos | Sweden (in the category International Narrative Short)

===Special Jury Award===
*2012: ''Rites of Passage'' - Jeff Roy | USA
*2011: ''I Am'' - Sonali Gulati | USA

===KASHISH Coffee Break Audience Award===
*2013 onwards this competition was not held.
*2012: ''Logging Out'' - Nakshatra Bagwe | India
*2011: ''Nothing Happened'' - Julia Kots | USA

===Best Poster Design===
*2025 : Saman Me Kala | Auroville, India<ref name="KASHISH 2025" />
*2024 : Sithesh C Govind | Bengaluru, India<ref name="KASHISH 2024" />
*2023 : Tanishka Jain | Mumbai, India<ref name="KASHISH 2023" />
*2022 : Sreejith Mohan | Kochi, India<ref name="KASHISH 2022" />
*2021 : Ajoy Kumar Das | Mumbai, India<ref name="KASHISH 2021" />
*2020 : Joyston Moreira | London, UK<ref name="KASHISH 2020" />
*2019 : Domenico De Monte | Milan, Italy<ref name="KASHISH 2019" />
*2013 : Ashutosh Vyas | Mumbai, India<ref name="KASHISH 2018" />
*2017 : Benny Mathew | Mumbai, India<ref name="KASHISH 2017" />
*2016 : Ajoy Kumar Das | Mumbai, India<ref name="KASHISH 2016" />
*2015 : Niharika Rastogi | New Delhi, India<ref name="KASHISH 2015" />
*2014 : Punith Mahesh | Hyderabad, India<ref name="KASHISH 2014" />
*2013 : Prachi Patil-Kotkar | Mumbai, India<ref name="KASHISH 2013" />
*2012 : S Ayyappa | Vijayawada, India<ref name="KASHISH 2012" />

===KASHISH Rainbow Warrior Award===
*2025 : [[A. Revathi|A Revathi]] | Chennai, India
*2023 : [[Onir]] | Mumbai, India
*2022 : Cory Walia | Mumbai, India
*2019 : [[Hoshang Merchant]] | Hyderabad, India
*2018 : Pawan Dhall | Kolkata, India
*2017 : [[Laxmi Narayan Tripathi]] | Mumbai, India and [[Manavendra Singh Gohil]] | Rajpipla, India
*2016 : [[Ruth Vanita]] | Montana, USA and (late) [[Saleem Kidwai]]| Lucknow, India
*2015 : (late) [[Betu Singh]] | New Delhi, India
*2014 : (late) [[Wendell Rodricks]] | Goa, India and [[Ashok Row Kavi]] | Mumbai, India

===KASHISH Rainbow Champion Award===
*2023 : Kinnar Asmita
*2022 : Tweet Foundation
*2019 : The [[Humsafar Trust]]

==See also==
* [[List of LGBT film festivals]]

== References ==

<references>
<ref name="thehindubusinessline.com">{{cite web|url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/multimedia/in-pictures-kashish-mumbai-international-queer-film-festival-2019/article27897152.ece/photo/1/|title=In Pictures {{!}} Kashish Mumbai International Queer Film Festival 2019|website=@businessline|date=13 June 2019 |language=en|access-date=2019-06-15}}</ref>

<ref name="fore">{{cite web|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/report-mumbai-s-gay-pride-comes-to-fore-1183870|title=Mumbai's gay pride comes to fore |date=17 August 2008 |publisher=DNA |access-date=3 May 2018}}</ref>

<ref name="Celina Jaitley">{{cite web |url=http://www.bollywoodreloaded.com/632/celina-jaitley-at-re-launch-of-pro-gay-mag-bombay-dost.php |title=Celina Jaitley at re-launch of pro-gay mag Bombay Dost |publisher=Bollywood Reloaded |date=19 April 2009 |access-date=20 January 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110708082034/http://www.bollywoodreloaded.com/632/celina-jaitley-at-re-launch-of-pro-gay-mag-bombay-dost.php |archive-date=8 July 2011 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

<ref name="UN body slams India">[https://web.archive.org/web/20121024230319/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2008-04-24/india/27777532_1_rich-poor-gap-inclusive-growth-concept-of-sexual-offences UN body slams India on rights of gays], ''[[The Times of India]]'', 24 April 2008</ref>

<ref name="BBC Article">{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/4304081.stm|title=Fear and loathing in gay India |publisher=BBC News|access-date=17 April 2008 |date=17 May 2005}}</ref>

<ref name="Why should">[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/delhi-times/why-should-homosexuality-be-a-crime/articleshow/187403.cms Why should homosexuality be a crime?], ''[[The Times of India]]'', 18 September 2003</ref>

<ref name="KASHISH 2016">{{cite web|url=http://www.bestinbombay.in/daaravtha-is-the-best-indian-short-and-thai-film-how-to-win-at-checkers-every-time-is-best-film-at-kashish-2016/|title='DAARAVTHA' is The Best Indian Short and Thai Film 'How to win at checkers (Every Time)' is best Film at Kashish 2016|publisher=Best In Bombay|access-date=8 June 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160807044755/http://www.bestinbombay.in/daaravtha-is-the-best-indian-short-and-thai-film-how-to-win-at-checkers-every-time-is-best-film-at-kashish-2016/|archive-date=7 August 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref>

<ref name="KASHISH 2015">{{cite web|url=http://www.asianage.com/people/kashish-winners-spread-joy-and-glitter-liberty-278|title=Kashish winners spread joy and glitter at Liberty |publisher=Asian Age}}</ref>

<ref name="KASHISH 2014">{{cite web|url=http://dearcinema.com/news/kashish-mumbai-queer-lgbt-festival-awards-2014/2326|title=Ravi Jadhav's "Mitraa" winner at Kashish Mumbai Int'l Queer Fest 2014|publisher=www.dearcinema.com|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150620182247/http://dearcinema.com/news/kashish-mumbai-queer-lgbt-festival-awards-2014/2326|archive-date=2015-06-20}}</ref>

<ref name="KASHISH 2013">{{cite web |url=http://dearcinema.com/news/kashish-mumbai-intl-queer-film-festival-announces-awards/1723 |title=KASHISH Mumbai Intl. Queer Film Festival announces awards |publisher=www.dearcinema.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131014045351/http://dearcinema.com/news/kashish-mumbai-intl-queer-film-festival-announces-awards/1723 |archive-date=2013-10-14}}</ref>

<ref name="KASHISH 2012">{{cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/news/ni29069343 |title=imdb news |publisher=www.dearcinema.com}}</ref>
</references>

== External links ==
* {{Official website|mumbaiqueerfest.com}}

{{LGBT in India}}
{{Life in India}}

{{Asia topic|LGBT rights in}}

[[Category:Recurring events established in 2010]]
[[Category:LGBTQ film festivals in India]]
[[Category:2010 establishments in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Film festivals established in 2010]]
[[Category:Film industry in Mumbai]]
[[Category:Festivals in Mumbai]]
[[Category:LGBTQ culture in Mumbai]]
[[Category:Film festivals in Maharashtra]]

Śūraṅgama Mantra

2026-04-25T23:48:15Z

ErmelindaDez: added a entry

{{Short description|Popular Buddhist mantra in East Asian Buddhism}}
[[File:Shurangama Heart Mantra v1 3.svg|thumb|Illustration of the '''Śūraṅgama Mantra''''s "Heart Mantra" (''hṛdaya''): Oṃ anale anale viśade viśade vīra vajradhare bandha bandhani vajrapāṇi phaṭ hūṃ trūṃ phaṭ svāhā.]]The '''Śūraṅgama Mantra''' ([[Standard Chinese|Chinese]]: 楞嚴咒, ''Lèngyán zhòu''; Japanese: 楞厳呪, ''Ryōgon'' ''shu''; [[Vietnamese language|Vietnamese]]: ''Chú Lăng Nghiêm''; [[Korean language|Korean]]: 능엄주, ''Neung-eom ju''), also known as the '''Sitātapatroṣṇīṣa Dhāraṇī''', is a [[dhāraṇī]] or long [[mantra]] of [[Buddhism|Buddhist practice]] in [[East Asian Buddhism]]. Although relatively unknown in modern [[Tibet]], there are several Śūraṅgama Mantra texts in the [[Tibetan Buddhist canon]]. It has strong associations with the Chinese [[Chan Buddhism|Chan Buddhist]] tradition.

The mantra was, according to the opening chapter of the ''[[Śūraṅgama Sūtra]]'' (首楞嚴經, lit: "Sūtra of the Heroic March", T19n0945),<ref name="btts">Śūraṅgama Sūtra Translation Committee of the Buddhist Text Translation Society, 2009, p. xviii.</ref> historically transmitted by [[Gautama Buddha]] to [[Manjushri]] to protect [[Ananda]] before he had become an [[arhat]]. It was again spoken by the Buddha before an assembly of [[bhikkhu|monastic]] and lay adherents.
<ref name="btts"/> Like the popular six-syllable mantra "[[Om mani padme hum]]" and the [[Nīlakaṇṭha Dhāraṇī]], the Śūraṅgama Mantra is synonymous with practices of [[Avalokiteśvara]], an important [[Bodhisattva]] in both [[East Asian Buddhism]] and [[Tibetan Buddhism]]. The Śūraṅgama Mantra also extensively references Buddhist deities such as [[Sitatapatra|Sitātapatrā]], [[Vajrapani|Vajrapāṇi]], [[Mahākāla]], the Five Buddha Families headed by the [[Five Tathagatas|Five Tathāgatas]] (such as [[Vairocana|Mahāvairocana]]), and [[Bhaisajyaguru|Bhaiṣajyaguru]]. It is often used for protection or purification, as it is often recited as part of the daily morning session in monasteries.

The Śūraṅgama Mantra is well-known and popularly chanted during [[Buddhist liturgy|daily liturgical services]] in many [[East Asian Buddhism|East Asian Buddhist]] traditions, where it is very much related to the practice of the dhāraṇī of [[Sitatapatra|Sitātapatrā]] (Chinese: 大白傘蓋陀羅尼, [[pinyin]]: ''Dàbái sǎngài tuóluóní'', lit: "White Parasol Dhāraṇī"). In [[Tibetan Buddhism]], it is the "White Umbrella" ({{bo|w=gdugs dkar}}).{{citation needed|date=June 2015}}.

== Background ==
{{See also|Śūraṅgama Sūtra}}{{Mahayana Buddhism}}
[[File:宝禅寺七字真言碑.jpg|thumb|The Chinese words ''An xi dan duo bo da la'' (唵悉怛多缽怛囉), or ''Om Sitātapatrā'' in Sanskrit, on a stele at Beijing Rock Carving Art Museum. ''Xi dan duo bo da la'' is frequently referred to as the heart or core of the mantra in Chinese Buddhist practice.]]

=== Chinese translation ===
An original Sanskrit version of the ''[[Śūraṅgama Sūtra]]'' is not known to be extant. A Sanskrit language palm leaf manuscript consisting of 226 leaves with 6 leaves missing which according to the introduction "contains the Śūraṅgama Sūtra" was discovered in a temple in China and now resides at Peng Xuefeng Memorial Museum. But scholars have not yet verified if this is the same text or some other sūtra (like the ''[[Śūraṅgama Samādhi Sūtra|Śūraṅgama Samadhi Sūtra]]'').<ref name="李学竹">{{cite web |author=Li Xuezhu (李学竹) |date=2010 |title=Zhōng guó zàng xué – Zhōng guó fàn wén bèi yè gài kuàng |script-title=zh:中国藏学-中国梵文贝叶概况 |trans-title=China Tibetan Studies – The State of Sanskrit Language Palm Leaf Manuscripts in China |url=https://wenku.baidu.com/view/510144bef111f18582d05a44.html |access-date=2017-12-06 |website=Baidu 文库 |series=Vol. 1 No. 90 |pages=55–56 |language=zh |quote='河南南阳菩提寺原藏有1函梵文贝叶经，共226叶，其中残缺6叶，函上写有"印度古梵文"字样，据介绍，内容为《楞严经》，很可能是唐代梵文经的孤本，字体为圆形，系印度南方文字一种，被国家定为一级文物，现存彭雪枫纪念馆。'(tr to English: Henan Nanyang Bodhi Temple originally had one Sanskrit language manuscript sutra, consisting in total 226 leaves, of which 6 were missing... according to introduction, it contains the Śūraṅgama Sūtra and most probably the only extant Sanskrit manuscript dating from the Tang Dynasty. The letters are roundish and belongs to a type used in South India and has been recognized by the country as a Category 1 cultural artifact. It is now located in the Peng Xuefeng Memorial Museum.}}</ref>

The first catalogue that recorded the ''Śūraṅgama Sūtra'' was Zhisheng ({{lang-zh|link=no|智昇}}), a monk in [[Tang dynasty]] (618–907) China. Zhisheng said this book was brought back from [[Guangxi]] to [[Luoyang]] during the reign of Emperor [[Emperor Xuanzong of Tang|Xuanzong]]. He gave two seemingly different accounts in two different books, both of which were published in 730 CE.

# According to the first account found in the ''Kaiyuan shijiao lu'' ({{lang-zh|link=no|開元釋教錄}}, lit: "The Kaiyuan Era Catalog of the Buddhist Tripitaka", T55n2156) the {{IAST|Śūraṅgama Sūtra}} was translated in 713 CE by a Ven. Master Huai Di ({{lang-zh|link=no|懷迪}}) and an unnamed Indian monk. An official envoy to the south then brought the sūtra to the capital of [[Chang'an]].{{efn|''The Kaiyuan Era Catalog of the Buddhist Tripitaka'' said, "Venerable Huai Di (Chinese: 懷迪), a native of Xún zhōu (循州) [located in parts of today's [[Guangdong]]], lived in Nanlou Monastery (南樓寺) on Mount Luofu (羅浮山). [[Mount Luofu]] is where many ṛsi lived and visited. Ven. Huai Di studied Buddhist sutras and sastras for a long time, and achieved profound erudition. He was also proficient in a wide range of knowledge. Here close to the coast, there are many Indian monks who come here. Ven. Huai Di learned how to say and read their language with them. When [[Mahāratnakūṭa Sūtra]] was translated to Chinese, Bodhiruci invited Huai Di to verify the translation. After the translation was finished, he returned to his hometown. Once he came to [[Guangzhou]], he met a monk, whose name was unrecorded, from India with a Sanskrit book. He asked Huai Di to translate this book, a total of ten volumes, which was ''Shurangama Sutra''. Ven. Huai Di wrote this book and modified the wording. After the book was translated, the monk left, and no one knows where he went. An official went to southern China, bringing this book back, so it became known here."《開元釋教錄》：「沙門釋懷迪，循州人也，住本州羅浮山南樓寺。其山乃仙聖遊居之處。迪久習經論，多所該博，九流七略，粗亦討尋，但以居近海隅，數有梵僧遊止；迪就學書語，復皆通悉。往者三藏菩提流志譯寶積經，遠召迪來，以充證義。所為事畢，還歸故鄉。後因遊廣府遇一梵僧 (未得其名) ，齎梵經一夾，請共譯之，勒成十卷，即《大佛頂萬行首楞嚴經》是也。迪筆受經旨，緝綴文理。其梵僧傳經事畢，莫知所之。有因南使，流經至此。」}}{{efn|In 706 CE, [[Mahāratnakūṭa Sūtra]] began translation. HuaiDi was invited to [[Luoyang]]. The translation was finished in 713 CE. HuaiDi then went back to his hometown. The Shurangama Sutra was translated after 713 CE.<ref name=":10">{{Cite journal |last=Jia |first=Jinhua |date=2022-05-24 |title=Translation and Interaction: A New Examination of the Controversy over the Translation and Authenticity of the Śūraṃgama-sūtra |journal=Religions |language=en |volume=13 |issue=6 |pages=474 |doi=10.3390/rel13060474 |issn=2077-1444 |doi-access=free}}</ref>}}
# According to the second account, in his later book ''Xu gujin yijing tuji'' (續古今譯經圖記, lit: "Continuation to the History of the Translation of Buddhist Sūtras Mural Record", T55n2152), the ''{{IAST|Śūraṅgama Sūtra}}'' was translated in May 705 CE by [[Shramana|Śramaṇa]] Pāramiti from central India, who came to China and brought the text to the province of [[Guangzhou]]. The text was then polished and edited by Empress [[Wu Zetian]]'s former minister, court regulator, and state censor Fang Yong ({{lang-zh|link=no|房融}}) of Qingho.{{efn|The mention of Fang Yong poses a chronological problem. According to the [[Old Book of Tang]] Fang Yong was put in prison in January 705 CE because he was involved in a court struggle. He was then exiled from [[Luoyang]] to [[Guangxi]] [[Qinzhou]] in February, where he died.(舊唐書》卷七中宗紀云：「神龍元年正月…鳳閣侍郎韋承慶，正諫大夫房融，司禮卿韋慶等下獄……二月甲寅…韋承慶貶高要尉，房融配欽州。」《新唐書》〈中宗紀〉：「神龍元年二月甲寅......貶韋承慶為高要尉，流房融於高州。」新唐書卷139房琯傳：「父融，武后時以正諫大夫同鳳閣台平章事。神龍元年貶死高州。」《通鑑》卷208神龍元年：「二月乙卯正諫大夫同平章事房融除名流高州。」) If the book was translated at 705 CE, the cooperation of Fang Yong might be doubtful. If the text was translated in 713 CE, Fang Yong had no chance to aid in the translation of the text, since he died in 705. The translation was reviewed by Śramaṇa Meghaśikha from [[Oddiyana|Oḍḍiyāna]], and certified by Śramaṇa Huai-di ({{lang-zh|link=no|懷迪}}) of Nanlou Monastery (南樓寺) on [[Mount Luofu]] (羅浮山). Again, an official envoy to the south brought a copy of the sūtra to [[Chang'an]]. The ''Continuation to the History of the Translation of Buddhist Sutras Mural Record'' said, "[[shramana|Śramaṇa]] Pāramiti, which is means Quantum, came from Central India. He travel, missionary, arrived china. He stayed at [[Guangxiao Temple (Guangxi)|Guangxiao Temple]] in Guangxi. Because he was very knowledgeable, so many people came to visit him. To help people, so he determined not to keep secret. in May 23 705 CE, He recited a Tantras, which is ''The Sūtra on the Śūraṅgama Mantra Spoken from Above the Crown of the Great Buddha's Head, and on the Hidden Basis of the Tathagata's Myriad Bodhisattva Practices Leading to Their Verification of the Ultimate Truth''. Śramaṇa Meghaśikha from [[Oddiyana|Oḍḍiyāna]] translated it to Chinese. Fang Yong({{lang-zh|link=no|房融}}) of Qingho, the former minister, court regulator, and state censor, wrote it down. Śramaṇa Huai-di ({{lang-zh|link=no|懷迪}}) of Nanlou Monastery (南樓寺) on [[Mount Luofu]] (羅浮山) verify it. After teach it all, he came back to his country. An official went to southern China, bringing this book back, so we see it here."(《續古今譯經圖記》：「沙門般刺蜜帝，唐云極量，中印度人也。懷道觀方，隨缘濟度，展轉游化，達我支那。(印度國俗呼廣府為支那名帝京為摩訶支那) 乃於廣州制旨道場居止。眾知博達，祈请亦多。利物為心，敷斯秘賾。以神龍元年龍集乙巳五月己卯朔二十三日辛丑，遂於灌頂部中誦出一品名《大佛頂如来密因修證了義、諸菩薩萬行首楞嚴經》一部（十卷）。烏萇國沙門彌迦釋迦（釋迦稍訛，正云鑠佉，此曰雲峰）譯語，菩薩戒弟子、前正諫大夫、同中書門下平章事、清河房融筆受，循州羅浮山南樓寺沙門懷迪證譯。其僧傳經事畢，汎舶西歸。有因南使，流通於此。」)}}

According to Jia Jinhua, who studied and cross-referred a number of external documents related to both accounts that Zhisheng gave, the two accounts do not conflict but rather complement each other, with the ''Kaiyuan shijiao lu'' written first and the ''Xu gujin yijing tuji'' written later once Zhisheng had acquired more details about the sūtra's translation and transmission.<ref name=":10" /><ref>Yang, W., & 楊維中. (2001). Lun Lengyan jing de zhenwei zhizheng jiqi foxue sixiang. ''論楞嚴經的真偽之爭及其佛學思想 [On the Controversy over the Authenticity of the Suram. gama-sutra and the Buddhist Thoughts of the Sutra]. Zongjiaoxue Yanjiu'', ''1'', 59–66.</ref> According to Jia, the two accounts derive from two versions of the sūtra that were in circulation.<ref name=":10" />

Jia states that the first version brought from [[Guangzhou]] to [[Chang'an]], which was included in the [[Chinese Buddhist canon#Early period|Kaiyuan catalogue]] and is extant in the [[Fangshan Stone Sutra|Fangshan stone canon]], listed the translators as Huaidi and an Indian monk and was the source for the account provided in the ''Kaiyuan shijiao lu.''<ref name=":10" /> He infers that the reason this version omitted Fang Rong's name is because, at the time of the translation in 705, he was a disgraced and banished official in exile.<ref name=":10" /> The reason for this exile was that on 20 February 705, [[Zhang Yizhi and Zhang Changzong|Zhang Yizhi]] (張易之) and [[Zhang Yizhi and Zhang Changzong|Zhang Changzong]] (張昌宗), two brothers who were [[Empress Wu]]’s favoured courtiers were killed in a coup, and Fang Rong was imprisoned for his close association with the Zhang brothers before being exiled to [[Gaozhou]] on 4 March.<ref name=":10" /> [[Song dynasty]] (960–1279) records by the monk Zuxiu (祖琇) recorded that Fang Rong arrived in [[Guangzhou]] in the fourth month and was invited by the Prefect of Guangzhou to take part in translating the ''Śūraṃgama Sūtra''.<ref name=":10" /> The Tang court soon offered pardons to officials implicated in the affair involving the Zhang brothers, issuing amnesties and summoning officials back to court from the winter of 705 to the spring of 707, but Fang Rong unfortunately died in exile in Gaozhou.<ref name=":10" /> Jia then infers that Zhisheng's second account was based on a second version brought from [[Guangzhou]] to [[Chang'an]] by an official envoy at later time.<ref name=":10" /> Jia reasons that, by then, the reason for Fang Rong's exile had been pardoned, so there was no more taboo on signing his name on the sūtra, hence the second version lists in full the transmitter and translator of the sūtra, including Fang Rong as the transcriber and Huaidi as the verifier of the Sanskrit meanings.<ref name=":10" /> This version is supported by detailed accounts of the same events and attributions from a commentary of the ''Śūraṅgama Sūtra'' by the monk Weique (惟慤), who was personally introduced to the sūtra by Fang Rong's family during a meal at their house.<ref name=":10" /> Extracts of Weique's commentary with regards to the authorship of the sūtra is cited by the Japanese monk Genei (玄叡) in his work, the ''Daijō sanron daigi shō'' (大乘三論大義鈔, lit: "Digest of Major Doctrines of Mahāyāna Three Treatises", T70n2296), and the details regarding how he was introduced to the sūtra is cited by the Song dynasty monk Zanning[[:zh:贊寧|[zh]]] (贊寧) in his historical work, the ''Song gaoseng zhuan'' (宋高僧傳, lit: "Biographies of Eminent Monks of the Song dynasty", T50n2061).<ref name=":10" /> This second version was then included in a later catalogue of Buddhist scriptures called the Zhenyuan catalogue, and is extant in various later Buddhist canons.<ref name=":10" />

=== Practice ===

[[File:First page of a modern edition of the Chanmen Risong 禪門日誦, a compilation of liturgical texts for Chinese Buddhist liturgical service, showing the Shurangama mantra as the first mantra during morning liturgical services.jpg |thumb| First page of a modern edition of the ''Chanmen Risong'' (禪門日誦, lit: "Daily Chants of the [[Chan Buddhism|Chan]] Gate"), a compilation of liturgical texts for Chinese Buddhist liturgical services, showing the Śūraṅgama Mantra as the first mantra to be chanted during [[Buddhist liturgy#Chinese Buddhist liturgy (chaomu kesong)|morning liturgical services]].]]

During the [[Song dynasty|Song]] (960–1279) and [[Yuan dynasty|Yuan]] (1279–1368) dynasties, the mantra was used in a ritual called the Śūraṅgama assembly, which was held semi-annually during monastic retreats, beginning on the 10th day of the fourth month and ending on the 13th day of the seventh month according to the Chinese calendar.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=楞嚴會【佛學大辭典】—— 佛教詞典 |url=http://m.fodizi.tw/f02/23236.html |access-date=2025-11-25 |website=m.fodizi.tw}}</ref> During these assemblies, a Śūraṅgama altar would be set up and participating monastics would gather and chant the mantra.<ref name=":2" /> The mantra was also codified into various monastic codes of conduct known as ''qinggui'' (清規, lit: "Pure rules"), many of which are traditionally held to derive from the [[Tang dynasty]] Chan monk [[Baizhang Huaihai]] (百丈懷海, 720–814).<ref>{{Citation |last=Cole |first=Alan |title=9. Rules for Purity. Handbooks for Running Chan Monasteries |date=2016-11-01 |work=Patriarchs on Paper: A Critical History of Medieval Chan Literature |pages=220–251 |url=https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.1515/9780520959750-012/html |access-date=2026-01-23 |publisher=University of California Press |language=en |doi=10.1515/9780520959750-012 |isbn=978-0-520-95975-0}}</ref> Some examples include the ''Conglin'' ''Jiaoding'' ''Qinggui Zongyao'' (叢林校定清規總要, lit: "General Essentials of the Revised Pure Rules of Monasteries", X63n1249) that was compiled in 1274 by the monk Jinhua Weimian (金華惟勉, ?-?) which lists nine ritual occasions where the mantra is to be chanted, the ''Huanzhu'an Qinggui'' (幻住庵清規, lit: "Pure Rules of the Cloister of Illusory Abode", X63n1248) that was compiled around 1317 by the Chan master [[Zhongfeng Mingben]] (中峰明本, 1263–1323) for his own private hermitage which lists up to twenty-five events during the ritual calendar where chanting the mantra is required, as well as the ''Chixiu Baizhang Qinggui'' (敕修百丈淸規, lit: "Revised Pure Rules of [[Baizhang Huaihai|Baizhang]]", T48n2025) compiled between 1335 and 1343 by the [[Linji school|Linji]] [[Chan Buddhism|Chan]] monk Dongyang Dehui (東陽德輝, ?-?) that records ten events where the mantra is to be chanted.<ref>Buswell, R., & Lopez, D. (2014). Zhongfeng Mingben. In The Princeton Dictionary of Buddhism. : Princeton University Press. Retrieved 23 Jan. 2026, from <nowiki>https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780190681159.001.0001/acref-9780190681159-e-5274</nowiki>.</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=徐雪欣 (著)=Tsui |last2=Linda (au.) |date=2014 |title=中峰明本《幻住庵清規》之研究: 以日資、禪坐和法事為中心=A Study of Chan Master Zhongfeng Mingben's Huanzhu an qinggui: Centered on Daily Schedule, Meditation, and Ritual Practice |url=https://hdl.handle.net/11296/yn7dhx |language=en |pages=184}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Chiu |first=Tzu-Lung |date=2019 |title=The Application of Traditional Rules of Purity (Qinggui) in Contemporary Taiwanese Monasteries |url=https://journal.equinoxpub.com/BSR/article/view/17532 |journal=Buddhist Studies Review |language=en |volume=36 |issue=2 |pages=249–277 |doi=10.1558/bsrv.39351 |issn=1747-9681|url-access=subscription }}</ref> Biographies of notable monks also make mention of its usage by monastics. For instance, Juefan Huihong (覺範慧洪, 1071–1128), an eminent monastic belonging to the Huanglong branch of the [[Linji school|Linji]] [[Chan Buddhism|Chan]] tradition, mentions that the founder of the Huanglong line, Huanglong Huinan (黃龍慧南, 1002–1069), recited the Śūraṅgama Mantra to aid in or stimulate [[Samadhi|samādhi]] during meditation. Another example is the eminent [[Caodong school|Caodong]] [[Chan Buddhism|Chan]] master Zhenxie Qingliao (真歇清了, 1088–1151), who used the mantra to keep monastics awake during meditation.

The mantra's usage continued to grow in the subsequent [[Ming dynasty]] (1368–1644) such that by the late-Ming period, it was codified as one of the mantras to be chanted during [[Buddhist liturgy#Chinese Buddhist liturgy (chaomu kesong)|daily temple liturgical services]] in the ''Zhujing Risong Jiyao'' (諸經日誦集要, lit: "Compilation of Essentials for the Daily Chanting of Various Sūtras", J19nB044), an influential liturgical manual which was critically revised and edited by the eminent monk [[Yunqi Zhuhong]] (雲棲袾宏, 1535–1615), who was the Eighth Patriarch of the [[Pure Land Buddhism#China|Chinese Pure Land]] tradition, and later reprinted by the eminent monk [[Ouyi Zhixu]] (蕅益智旭, 1599–1655), who was the Ninth Patriarch of the [[Pure Land Buddhism#China|Chinese Pure Land]] tradition and Thirty-First Patriarch of the [[Tiantai]] tradition.<ref name=":3">{{Cite journal |last=釋大田 |date=May 2014 |title=中國佛教早晚課的形成 |url=https://buddhism.lib.ntu.edu.tw/DLMBS/search/search_detail.jsp?seq=395864&comefrom=periodical |journal=法光 |language=zh |issue=296 |pages=2–4 |trans-journal=Dharma Light Monthly}}</ref> The mantra's usage during daily liturgical services has continued to be preserved in the succeeding Qing dynasty (1644–1912) through to contemporary times as it has remained encoded in most popular liturgical manuals that has been published since. One example of such a manual is the ''Chanmen Risong'' (禪門日誦; lit: "Daily Chants of the [[Chan Buddhism|Chan]] Gate"), a compilation whose earliest printed edition that is extant dates back to 1723 during the Qing dynasty and which was printed at [[Hoi Tong Monastery]]. Various subsequent editions with minor changes were published during the rest of the [[Qing dynasty]] period (1644–1912) through to the [[Republic of China (1912–1949)|Republican era]] (1912–1949) by various temples. In the 21st century, one of the most popular editions has been the version that was originally published by [[Tianning Temple (Changzhou)|Tianning Temple]] in [[Changzhou]], which has seen modern reprints by retailers and publishers.<ref name=":3" /> Another example is the ''Fomen Bibei'' (佛門必備課誦本, lit: "Book of Essential Chants of the Buddhist Gate") which was first published during the Republican era and has also seen modern reprints.<ref name=":3" /> In most of these liturgical compilations, the mantra is usually listed as the first text chanted during [[Buddhist liturgy#Chinese Buddhist liturgy (chaomu kesong)|morning liturgical services]] (known as the ''zaoke''). According to an influential commentary on the daily liturgical service by the eminent Qing dynasty monk and National Preceptor [[:zh:玉林通琇|Yulin Tongxiu]] (玉林通琇, 1614–1675), the purpose of the mantra during the service is to regulate the five desires (i.e. fame, lust, food, sleep and money<ref>{{Cite journal |last=釋星雲=Shih |first=Hsing-yun |date=September 1995 |title=佛教叢書之一：教理 |url=https://buddhism.lib.ntu.edu.tw/DLMBS/search/search_detail.jsp?seq=346075 |language=zh}}</ref>) before they are able to arise so that the mind is able to quickly penetrate and directly reveal the true nature of the [[Tathagata-garbha|Tathāgatagarbha]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Sagely City of 10,000 Buddhas Daily Recitation Handbook 萬佛聖城日誦儀規 (eBook) |url=https://www.buddhisttexts.org/products/sagely-city-of-10-000-buddhas-daily-recitation-handbook-%e8%90%ac%e4%bd%9b%e8%81%96%e5%9f%8e%e6%97%a5%e8%aa%a6%e5%84%80%e8%a6%8f |access-date=2025-09-20 |website=Buddhist Text Translation Society |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=The Essentials of Morning and Evening Recitation |url=https://www.dharmasite.net/THE_ESSENTIALS_OF_MORNING_AND_EVENING_RECITATION.htm |access-date=2025-09-20 |website=www.dharmasite.net}}</ref> In contemporary practice, the mantra has continued to remain as the first mantra to be recited during daily morning liturgical services (''zaoke'') in most Chinese Buddhist temples.

Various eminent monastics and masters have provided commentaries regarding the benefits and meaning of the Śūraṅgama Mantra, such as the eminent [[Qing dynasty]] (1644–1912) [[Huayan]] monk Baiting Xufa (柏亭續法, 1641–1728), who translated the mantra and provided a commentary regarding the significance of each of its sections as well as the deities summoned by it. His translation and commentary has remained influential in contemporary Chinese Buddhist practice. Another prominent example in modern times was the [[Chan Buddhism|Chan Buddhist]] master [[Hsuan Hua]], who heavily promoted and popularised the use of the mantra in North America and the [[Sinophone]] world as he valued it as fundamental to the existence of Buddhism.

== Teachings ==
The dhāraṇī is often seen as having magical [[Apotropaic magic|apotropaic]] powers. It is associated with the deity [[Sitatapatra|Sitātapatrā]], a protector against supernatural dangers and evil beings.<ref>Shaw, Miranda''. Buddhist Goddesses of India.'' Princeton University Press, Aug 25, 2015.</ref> According to a commentary by the Chan Buddhist monk Venerable [[Hsuan Hua]], the continual existence and practice of the Śūraṅgama Mantra is essential to the existence of Buddhism itself; this teaching is based upon the ''[[wikisource:zh:佛說法滅盡經|Foshuo Famiejin Jing]]'' (佛說法滅盡經, lit: "The Buddha Speaks the Ultimate Extinction of the Dharma Sutra", T12n0396), another [[Mahayana sutras|Mahāyāna sūtra]] where the Buddha expounds that both the ''[[Śūraṅgama Sūtra]]'' as well as ''[[Pratyutpanna Samādhi Sūtra|Pratyutpanna Samādhi]]'' will be the first to disappear when the Dharma comes to an end in the world.<ref>Heng Sure 恒實 1976 "Slandered by Demons: A Translation of The Buddha Speaks the Ultimate Extinction of the Dharma Sutra,” ''Vajra Bodhi Sea'' 金剛菩提海 77, <nowiki>https://www.drbachinese.org/vbs/1_100/vbs777879/77_6.html</nowiki>.</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Slandered by Deamons|url=https://www.drbachinese.org/vbs/1_100/vbs777879/77_6.html|website=www.drbachinese.org|access-date=2026-02-01}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite web|title=City of 10,000 Buddhas – The Shurangama Mantra: The Efficacious Language of Heaven and Earth|url=https://www.cttbusa.org/dharmatalks/shurangamamantra.asp.html|website=www.cttbusa.org|access-date=2026-01-30}}</ref> Hsuan Hua also heavily recommends that practitioners who cultivate the mantra must maintain the purity of the Buddhist precepts, virtuous conduct as well as hold the right intentions.<ref name=":4" /> According to Hsuan Hua, the dhāraṇī contains five major divisions, which "control the vast demon armies of the five directions":{{sfn|Hua|1975}}

* In the East is the Vajra Division, hosted by [[Akshobhya|Akṣobhya]]
* In the South, the Jewel-creating Division, hosted by [[Ratnasambhava|Ratnasaṃbhava]]
* In the center, the Buddha Division, hosted by [[Śākyamuni]]
* In the West, the Lotus Division, hosted by [[Amitābha]]
* In the North, the Karma Division, hosted by [[Amoghasiddhi]]

== Text ==

=== Preamble ===
In most recitations during liturgical services in [[Chinese Buddhism|Chinese]] and [[Vietnamese Buddhism|Vietnamese Buddhist]] monasteries, the mantra itself is typically chanted after the recitation of a preamble which consists of the vows made by [[Ānanda]] in the ''Śūraṅgama Sūtra'', the reaffirmation of refuge in Buddhist divinities and a description of the Buddha as he speaks the mantra from sūtra.{{Verse translation|南無楞嚴會上佛菩薩 (三稱)

妙湛總持不動尊，首楞嚴王世希有

銷我億劫顛倒想，不歷僧祗獲法身

願今得果成寶王，還度如是恆沙眾

將此深心奉塵剎，是則名為報佛恩

伏請世尊為證明，五濁惡世誓先入

如一眾生未成佛，終不於此取泥洹

大雄大力大慈悲，希更審除微細惑

令我早登無上覺，於十方界坐道場

舜若多性可銷亡，爍迦羅心無動轉

南無常住十方佛，南無常住十方法

南無常住十方僧，南無釋迦牟尼佛

南無佛頂首楞嚴，南無觀世音菩薩

南無金剛藏菩薩

爾時世尊，從肉髻中涌百寶光，光中涌出千葉寶蓮，有化如來坐寶華中，頂放十道百寶光明。一一光明，皆徧示現十恆河沙，金剛密迹，擎山持杵，徧虛空界。大眾仰觀，畏愛兼抱，求佛哀祐，一心聽佛，無見頂相，放光如來宣說神咒。|I take refuge in the Buddhas and Bodhisattvas of the Śūraṅgama assembly. (Repeat three times)

Oh, wondrous and profound Dharani Immovable Honoured One, Śūraṅgama King who is rare in the world!

Extinguish the trillions of kalpas of inverted thoughts (delusions) I hold, and let me not endure [[asaṃkhyeya]] kalpas before attaining the Dharma body.

I vow to attain the fruit (of enlightenment) and become a Jewelled King (epithet for the Buddha), and return to deliver the multitudes of sentient beings who number as much as the sands of the [[Ganges river]].

I offer this profound mind to the myriad worlds numbering as many as dust motes, for this is known as repaying the Buddha's compassion.

I reverently invite the World Honoured One to be my witness, and vow to first enter the evil world of the Five Turbidities.

If even a single sentient being has not attained Buddhahood, I shall hereof not attain Nirvana.

Oh, Greatly Heroic, Greatly Powerful and Greatly Compassionate One, I further wish to examine and eliminate all my subtle delusions.

Let me soon attain [[Enlightenment in Buddhism|Anuttarasamyaksaṃbodhi]], and sit in the [[bodhimaṇḍa]]s of all worlds in all ten directions.

[[Śūnyatā]] itself may come to an end, but my Cakra mind shall remain immovable.

I take refuge in the ever-abiding Buddhas of all ten directions. I take refuge in the ever-abiding Dharmas of all ten directions.

I take refuge in the ever-abiding Sanghas of all ten directions. I take refuge in [[Śākyamuni]] Buddha.

I take refuge in the Śūraṅgama of the Buddha's [[uṣṇīṣa]]. I take refuge in [[Guanshiyin]] Bodhisattva.

I take refuge in Vajragarbha Bodhisattva.

At that time, the World Honoured One, from his uṣṇīṣa, emitted forth a hundred jewelled lights. From the lights arose a jewelled lotus with a thousand petals. Within the jewelled flower sat a [[Tathāgata]], emitting a hundred jewelled lights in all ten directions from his uṣṇīṣa. In each light manifested [[Nio (Buddhism)#Guhyapāda|Guhyapādas]] (Vajra Secret Traces) numbering as many as the number of sand in ten Ganges Rivers, wielding mountains and vajras, appearing throughout space. The congregation looked up with a mixture of fear and love. Imploring the Buddha's compassionate protection, they listened to the Buddha's invisible uṣṇīṣa with one mind, and the Tathāgata who released the lights proclaimed the divine mantra.}}

=== The mantra ===

==== First assembly ====
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Language and Romanization
!Transcriptions
|-
|[[Sanskrit]]
|Namaḥ sarva buddha bodhi-satve-bhyaḥ. Namaḥ saptānāṃ samyak-saṃbuddha koṭīnāṃ sa-śrāvaka saṃghānāṃ. Namo loke arhattāṃ. Namaḥ srotāpannānāṃ. Namaḥ sakṛdāgāmināṃ. Namaḥ anāgāmināṃ. Namo loke samyag-gatānāṃ samyak-prati-pannānāṃ. Namo devarṣiṇāṃ. Namaḥ siddha-vidyā-dhāra-rṣiṇāṃ, śāpānugraha-samarthānāṃ. Namo brahmaṇe. Nama indrāya. Namo bhagavate rudrāya umāpati-sahīyāya. Namo bhagavate nārāyaṇāya, lakṣmi paṃca-mahā-mudrā namas-kṛtāya. Namo bhagavate mahā-kālāya, tripura-nagara-vidrāpaṇa-karāya, adhi-muktaka śmaśāna-vāsine, mātṛ-gaṇa namas-kṛtāya. Namo bhagavate tathāgata kulāya. Namo bhagavate padma kulāya. Namo bhagavate vajra kulāya. Namo bhagavate maṇi kulāya. Namo bhagavate gaja-kulāya. Namo bhagavate dṛḍha-śūra-sena-pra-haraṇa-rājāya, tathāgatāya arhate samyak-saṃbuddhāya. Namo bhagavate Amitābhāya, tathāgatāya arhate samyak-saṃbuddhāya. Namo bhagavate akṣobhyāya, tathāgatāya arhate samyak-saṃbuddhāya. Namo bhagavate bhaiṣajya-guru-vaiḍūrya-prabha-rājāya, tathāgatāya arhate samyak-saṃbuddhāya. Namo bhagavate saṃpuṣpita-sālendra-rājāya, tathāgatāya arhate samyak-saṃbuddhāya. Namo bhagavate Śākyamunaye, tathāgatāya arhate samyak-saṃbuddhāya. Namo bhagavate ratna-kusuma-ketu-rājāya, tathāgatāya arhate samyak-saṃbuddhāya. Teṣāṃ namas-kṛtva imāṃ bhagavata stathāgatoṣṇīṣaṃ, sitātapatraṃ namāparājitaṃ pratyaṅgirāṃ. Sarva bhūta-graha nigraha-karaṇīṃ. Para vidyā cchedanīṃ. Akālaṃ-mṛtyu pari-trāṇa-karīṃ. Sarva bandhana mokṣaṇīṃ. Sarva duṣṭa duḥ-svapna nivāraṇīṃ. Caturaśītīnāṃ graha sahasrāṇāṃ vi-dhvaṃsana-karīṃ. Aṣṭā-viṃśatināṃ nakṣatrāṇāṃ pra-sādana-karīṃ. Aṣṭānāṃ mahā-grahāṇāṃ vi-dhvaṃsana-karīṃ. Sarva śatrū nivāraṇīṃ. Ghoraṃ duḥ-svapnānāṃ ca nāśanīṃ. Viṣa śastra agni uttaraṇīṃ. Aparājitaṃ mahā-ghorāṃ, mahā-balāṃ mahā-caṇḍāṃ mahā-dīptaṃ mahā-tejaṃ, mahā-śvetāṃ mahā-jvalaṃ mahā-balā pāṇḍara-vāsinī, ārya-tārā bhṛkuṭīṃ ceva vijaya vajra-maleti vi-śrutāṃ, padmaṃkaṃ vajra-jihva ca mālā-cevāparājita, vajrā daṇḍīṃ viśālā ca śanta vaideva-pūjitāṃ, saumya-rūpaṃ mahā-śvetā, ārya-tārā mahā-bala aparā vajra śaṅkalā ceva, vajra kaumāri kulan-dharī, vajra hastā ca mahā-vidyā kāṃcana mālikā, kusuṃbhā ratna ceva vairocanā kulāthadāṃ uṣṇīṣa, vi-jṛmbha-māṇā ca savajra kanaka prabha locana, vajrā tuṇḍī ca śvetā ca kamalākṣī śaśī-prabha, ityete mudrā gaṇā, sarve rakṣaṃ kurvantu mama sarva satvānāṃ ca.
|-
|[[Traditional Chinese characters|Traditional Chinese]]
|南無薩怛他。蘇伽多耶。阿囉訶帝。三藐三菩陀寫。南無薩怛他。佛陀俱知。瑟尼釤。南無薩婆勃陀勃地。薩跢鞞弊。南無薩多南。三藐三菩陀。俱知南。娑舍囉婆迦。僧伽喃。南無盧雞阿羅漢跢喃。南無蘇盧多波那喃。南無娑羯唎陀伽彌喃。南無盧雞三藐伽跢喃。三藐伽波囉。底波多那喃。南無提婆離瑟赧。南無悉陀耶。毗地耶。陀囉離瑟赧。舍波奴揭囉訶。娑訶娑囉摩他喃。南無跋囉訶摩泥。南無因陀囉耶。南無婆伽婆帝。嚧陀囉耶。烏摩般帝。娑醯夜耶。南無婆伽婆帝。那囉野拏耶。槃遮摩訶三慕陀囉。南無悉羯唎多耶。南無婆伽婆帝。摩訶迦囉耶。地唎般剌那伽囉。毗陀囉波拏迦囉耶。阿地目帝。屍摩舍那泥婆悉泥。摩怛唎伽拏。南無悉羯唎多耶。南無婆伽婆帝。多他伽跢俱囉耶。南無般頭摩俱囉耶。南無跋闍囉俱囉耶。南無摩尼俱囉耶。南無伽闍俱囉耶。南無婆伽婆帝。帝唎茶。輸囉西那。波囉訶囉拏囉闍耶。跢他伽多耶。南無婆伽婆帝。南無阿彌多婆耶。跢他伽多耶。阿囉訶帝。三藐三菩陀耶。南無婆伽婆帝。阿芻毗耶。跢他伽多耶。阿囉訶帝。三藐三菩陀耶。南無婆伽婆帝。鞞沙闍耶。俱嚧吠柱唎耶。般囉婆囉闍耶。跢他伽多耶。南無婆伽婆帝。三補師毖多。薩憐捺囉剌闍耶。跢他伽多耶。阿囉訶帝。三藐三菩陀耶。南無婆伽婆帝。舍雞野母那曳。跢他伽多耶。阿囉訶帝。三藐三菩陀耶。南無婆伽婆帝。剌怛那雞都囉闍耶。跢他伽多耶。阿囉訶帝。三藐三菩陀耶。帝瓢。南無薩羯唎多。翳曇婆伽婆多。薩怛他伽都瑟尼釤。薩怛多般怛㘕。南無阿婆囉視耽。般囉帝。揚岐囉。薩囉婆。部多揭囉訶。尼羯囉訶。揭迦囉訶尼。跋囉毖地耶。叱陀你。阿迦囉。蜜唎柱。般唎怛囉耶。寧羯唎。薩囉婆。槃陀那。目叉尼。薩囉婆。突瑟吒。突悉乏。般那你。伐囉尼。赭都囉。失帝南。羯囉訶。娑訶薩囉若闍。毗多崩娑那羯唎。阿瑟吒冰舍帝南。那叉剎怛囉若闍。波囉薩陀那羯唎。阿瑟吒南。摩訶揭囉訶若闍。毗多崩薩那羯唎。薩婆舍都嚧。你婆囉若闍。呼藍突悉乏。難遮那舍尼。毖沙舍。悉怛囉。阿吉尼。烏陀迦囉若闍。阿般囉視多具囉。摩訶般囉戰持。摩訶疊多。摩訶帝闍。摩訶稅多闍婆羅。摩訶跋羅槃陀囉。婆悉你。阿唎耶多囉。毗唎俱知。誓婆毗闍耶。跋闍囉摩禮底。毗舍嚧多。勃騰罔迦。跋闍囉制喝那阿遮。摩囉制婆。般囉質多。跋闍囉擅持。毗舍囉遮。扇多舍。鞞提婆。補視多。蘇摩嚧波。摩訶稅多。阿唎耶多囉。摩訶婆囉阿般囉。跋闍囉商羯囉制婆。跋闍囉俱摩唎。俱藍陀唎。跋闍囉喝薩多遮。毗地耶。乾遮那。摩唎迦。啒蘇母。婆羯囉跢那。鞞嚧遮那俱唎耶。夜囉菟。瑟尼釤。毗折藍婆摩尼遮。跋闍囉迦那迦波囉婆。嚧闍那。跋闍囉頓稚遮。稅多遮。迦摩囉。剎奢屍。波囉婆。翳帝夷帝。母陀囉羯拏。娑鞞囉懺。掘梵都。印菟那麼麼寫。
|}

==== Second assembly ====
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Language and Romanization
!Transcriptions
|-
|[[Sanskrit]]
|Oṃ ṛṣi-gaṇa praśastāya sarva tathāgatoṣṇīṣāya hūṃ trūṃ. Jambhana-kara hūṃ trūṃ. Stambhana-kara hūṃ trūṃ. Mohana-kara hūṃ trūṃ. Mathana-kara hūṃ trūṃ. Para-vidyā saṃ-bhakṣaṇa-kara hūṃ trūṃ. Sarva duṣṭānāṃ stambhana-kara hūṃ trūṃ. Sarva yakṣa rākṣasa grahāṇāṃ, vi-dhvaṃ sana-kara hūṃ trūṃ. Caturaśītīnāṃ graha sahasrāṇāṃ, vi-dhvaṃsana-kara hūṃ trūṃ. Aṣṭā-viṃśatīnāṃ nakṣatrānāṃ pra-sādana-kara hūṃ trūṃ. Aṣṭānāṃ mahā-grahāṇāṃ utsādana-kara hūṃ trūṃ. Rakṣa rakṣa māṃ. Bhagavan stathāgatoṣṇīṣa sitātapatra mahā vajroṣṇīṣa, mahā pratyaṅgire mahā sahasra-bhuje sahasra-śīrṣe, koṭī-śata sahasra-netre, abhedya jvalitā-taṭaka, mahā-vajrodāra tri-bhuvana maṇḍala. Oṃ svastir bhavatu māṃ mama.
|-
|[[Traditional Chinese characters|Traditional Chinese]]
|烏𤙖。唎瑟揭拏。般剌舍悉多。薩怛他。伽都瑟尼釤。虎𤙖。都嚧雍。瞻婆那。虎𤙖。都嚧雍。悉耽婆那。虎𤙖。都嚧雍。波囉瑟地耶。三般叉拏羯囉。虎𤙖。都嚧雍。薩婆藥叉。喝囉剎婆。揭囉訶若闍。毗騰崩薩。那羯囉。虎𤙖。都嚧雍。者都囉。屍底南。揭囉訶。娑訶薩囉南。毗騰崩薩那囉。虎𤙖。都嚧雍。囉叉。婆伽梵。薩怛他。伽都瑟尼釤。波囉點闍吉唎。摩訶娑訶薩囉。勃樹娑訶薩囉。室唎沙。俱知娑訶薩泥。帝㘑。阿弊提視婆唎多。吒吒甖迦。摩訶跋闍嚧陀囉。帝唎菩婆那。曼茶囉。烏𤙖。莎悉帝。薄婆都。麼麼。印菟那麼麼寫。
|}

==== Third assembly ====
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Language and Romanization
!Transcriptions
|-
|[[Sanskrit]]
|Rāja-bhayā cora-bhayā udaka-bhayā agni-bhayā, viṣa-bhayā śastra-bhayā para-cakra-bhayā dur-bhikṣa-bhayā, aśani-bhayā akāla-mṛtyu-bhayā dharaṇī-bhūmi-kampā-bhayā ulkā-pāta-bhayā, rāja-daṇḍa-bhayā suparṇi-bhayā nāga-bhayā vidyu-bhayā. Deva-grahā nāga-grahā yakṣa-grahā rākṣasa-grahā preta-grahā, piśāca-grahā bhūta-grahā kumbhaṇḍa-grahā pūtana-grahā, kaṭa-pūtana-grahā skanda-grahā apasmāra-grahā utmāda-grahā, cchāya-grahā revati-grahā jamika-grahā kaṇṭha-kamini-grahā. Ojāhāriṇyā garbhāhāriṇyā jātāhāriṇyā jīvitāhāriṇyā, rudhirāhāriṇyā vasāhāriṇyā māṃsāhāriṇyā medāhāriṇyā, majjāhāriṇyā vāntāhāriṇyā aśucyāhāriṇyā ciccāhāriṇyā, teṣāṃ sarveṣāṃ. Sarva grahāṇāṃ vidyāṃ cchinda-yāmi kīla-yāmi. Pari-brajāka kṛtāṃ vidyāṃ cchinda-yāmi kīla-yāmi. Ḍāka-ḍākinī kṛtāṃ vidyāṃ cchinda-yāmi kīla-yāmi. Mahā-paśupati rudra kṛtāṃ vidyāṃ cchinda-yāmi kīla-yāmi. Nārāyaṇā paṃca mahā mudrā kṛtāṃ vidyāṃ cchinda-yāmi kīla-yāmi. Tatva garuḍa sahīyāya kṛtāṃ vidyāṃ cchinda-yāmi kīla-yāmi. Mahā-kāla mātṛgaṇa sahīyāya kṛtāṃ vidyāṃ cchinda-yāmi kīla-yāmi. Kāpālika kṛtāṃ vidyāṃ cchinda-yāmi kīla-yāmi. Jayakarā madhukara sarvārtha-sādhaka kṛtāṃ, vidyāṃ cchinda-yāmi kīla-yāmi. Catur-bhaginī bhratṛ-paṃcama sahīyāya kṛtāṃ, vidyāṃ cchinda-yāmi kīla-yāmi. Bhṛṅgi-riṭika nandi-keśvara gaṇapati sahīya kṛtāṃ, vidyāṃ cchinda-yāmi kīla-yāmi. Nagna-śramaṇa kṛtāṃ vidyāṃ cchinda-yāmi kīla-yāmi. Arhanta kṛtāṃ vidyāṃ cchinda-yāmi kīla-yāmi. Vīta-rāga kṛtāṃ vidyāṃ cchinda-yāmi kīla-yāmi. Vajra-pāṇi guhyakādhipati kṛtāṃ vidyāṃ cchinda-yāmi kīla-yāmi. Rakṣa rakṣa māṃ.
|-
|[[Traditional Chinese characters|Traditional Chinese]]
|囉闍婆夜。主囉婆夜。阿祗尼婆夜。烏陀迦婆夜。毗沙婆夜。舍薩多囉婆夜。婆囉斫羯囉婆夜。突瑟叉婆夜。阿舍你婆夜。阿迦囉蜜唎柱婆夜。陀囉尼部彌劍。波伽波陀婆夜。烏囉迦婆多婆夜。剌闍壇茶婆夜。那伽婆夜。毗條怛婆夜。蘇波囉拏婆夜。藥叉揭囉訶。囉叉私揭囉訶。畢唎多揭囉訶。毗舍遮揭囉訶。部多揭囉訶。鳩槃茶揭囉訶。補丹那揭囉訶。迦吒補丹那揭囉訶。悉乾度揭囉訶。阿播悉摩囉揭囉訶。烏檀摩陀揭囉訶。車夜揭囉訶。醯唎婆帝揭囉訶。社多訶唎喃。揭婆訶唎喃。嚧地囉訶唎喃。忙娑訶唎喃。謎陀訶唎喃。摩闍訶唎喃。闍多訶唎女。視比多訶唎喃。毗多訶唎喃。婆多訶唎喃。阿輸遮訶唎女。質多訶唎女。帝釤薩鞞釤。薩婆揭囉訶南。毗陀耶闍。嗔陀夜彌。雞囉夜彌。波唎跋囉者迦。訖唎擔。毗陀夜闍。嗔陀夜彌。雞囉夜彌。茶演尼。訖唎擔。毗陀夜闍。瞋陀夜彌。雞囉夜彌。摩訶般輸。般怛夜。嚧陀囉。訖唎擔。毗陀夜闍。瞋陀夜彌。雞囉夜彌。那囉夜拏。訖唎擔。毗陀夜闍。瞋陀夜彌。雞囉夜彌。怛埵伽嚧茶西。訖唎擔。毗陀耶闍。瞋陀夜彌。雞囉夜彌。摩訶迦囉。摩怛唎伽拏。訖唎擔。毗陀夜闍。嗔陀夜彌。雞囉夜彌。迦婆唎迦。訖唎擔。毗陀夜闍。瞋陀夜彌。雞囉夜彌。闍耶羯囉。摩度羯囉。薩婆囉他。娑達那。訖唎擔。毗陀夜闍。瞋陀夜彌。雞囉夜彌。赭咄囉婆耆你。訖唎擔。毗陀夜闍。瞋陀夜彌。雞囉夜彌。毗唎羊訖唎知。難陀雞沙囉。伽拏般帝。索醯夜。訖唎擔。毗陀夜闍。瞋陀夜彌。雞囉夜彌。那揭那舍囉婆拏。訖唎擔。毗陀夜闍。嗔陀夜彌。雞囉夜彌。阿羅漢。訖唎擔。毗陀夜闍。瞋陀夜彌。雞囉夜彌。毗多囉伽。訖唎擔。毗陀夜闍。瞋陀夜彌。雞囉夜彌。跋闍囉波你。具醯夜具醯夜。迦地般帝。訖唎擔。毗陀夜闍。瞋陀夜彌。雞囉夜彌。囉叉罔。婆伽梵。印兔那麼麼寫。
|}

==== Fourth assembly ====
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Language and Romanization
!Transcriptions
|-
|[[Sanskrit]]
|Bhagavata stathāgatoṣṇīṣaṃ sitātapatraṃ namo-stute. Asitānalārka prabha-sphuṭa vikasitātapatre. Jvala jvala dhaka-dhaka vidhaka-vidhaka dara dara vidara vidara, cchinda cchinda bhinda bhinda, hūṃ hūṃ phaṭ! phaṭ! svāhā. Hehe phaṭ. Amogha phaṭ. Apratihata phaṭ. Vara-prada phaṭ. Asura vidrāpaka phaṭ. Sarva deve-bhyaḥ phaṭ. Sarva nāge-bhyaḥ phaṭ. Sarva yakṣe-bhyaḥ phaṭ. Sarva rākṣase-bhyaḥ phaṭ. Sarva garuḍe-bhyaḥ phaṭ. Sarva gāndharve-bhyaḥ phaṭ. Sarva asure-bhyaḥ phaṭ. Sarva kindare-bhyaḥ phaṭ. Sarva mahorage-bhyaḥ phaṭ. Sarva manuṣe-bhyaḥ phaṭ. Sarva amanuṣe-bhyaḥ phaṭ. Sarva bhūte-bhyaḥ phaṭ. Sarva piśāce-bhyaḥ phaṭ. Sarva kumbhaṇḍe-bhyaḥ phaṭ. Sarva pūtane-bhyaḥ phaṭ. Sarva kaṭa-pūtane-bhyaḥ phaṭ. Sarva dur-laṅghite-bhyaḥ phaṭ. Sarva duṣ-prekṣite-bhyaḥ phaṭ. Sarva jvare-bhyaḥ phaṭ. Sarva apasmāre-bhyaḥ phaṭ. Sarva śramaṇe-bhyaḥ phaṭ. Sarva tirthike-bhyaḥ phaṭ. Sarva utmāde-bhyaḥ phaṭ. Sarva vidyā-rājācārye-bhyaḥ phaṭ. Jayakarā madhukara sarvārtha-sādhake-bhyaḥ phaṭ. Sarva vidyācārye-bhyaḥ phaṭ. Catur bhaginī-bhyaḥ phaṭ. Vajra kaumāri kulan-dharī mahā-vidyā-rājebhyaḥ phaṭ. Mahā-pratyaṅgire-bhyaḥ phaṭ. Vajra śaṅkalāya phaṭ. Mahā-pratyaṅgira-rājāya phaṭ. Mahā-kālāya mahā-mātṛ-gaṇa namas-kṛtāya phaṭ. Vaiṣṇuvīye phaṭ. Brahmaṇīye phaṭ. Agnīye phaṭ. Mahā-kālīye phaṭ. Kāla-daṇḍīye phaṭ. Indrīye phaṭ. Raudrīye phaṭ. Cāmuṇḍīye phaṭ. Kāla-rātrīye phaṭ. Kāpālīye phaṭ. Adhi-muktaka śmaśāna vāsinīye phaṭ. Yeke-citta satva mama.
|-
|[[Traditional Chinese characters|Traditional Chinese]]
|婆伽梵。薩怛多般怛囉。南無粹都帝。阿悉多那囉剌迦。波囉婆悉普吒。毗迦薩怛多鉢帝唎。什佛囉什佛囉。陀囉陀囉。頻陀囉頻陀羅。瞋陀瞋陀。虎𤙖。虎𤙖。泮吒。泮吒泮吒泮吒泮吒。娑訶。醯醯泮。阿牟迦耶泮。阿波囉提訶多泮。婆囉波囉陀泮。阿素囉毗陀囉波迦泮。薩婆提鞞弊泮。薩婆那伽弊泮。薩婆藥叉弊泮。薩婆乾闥婆弊泮。薩婆補丹那弊泮。迦吒補丹那弊泮。薩婆突狼枳帝弊泮。薩婆突澀比𠼐。訖瑟帝弊泮。薩婆什婆𠼐弊泮。薩婆阿播悉摩𠼐弊泮。薩婆舍囉婆拏弊泮。薩婆地帝雞弊泮。薩婆怛摩陀繼弊泮。薩婆毗陀耶。囉誓遮𠼐弊泮。闍夜羯囉。摩度羯囉。薩婆囉他娑陀雞弊泮。毗地夜。遮𠼐弊泮。者都囉。縛耆你弊泮。跋闍囉。俱摩唎。毗陀夜。囉誓弊泮。摩訶波囉丁羊。義耆唎弊泮。跋闍囉。商羯囉夜。波囉丈耆囉闍耶泮。摩訶迦囉夜。摩訶末怛唎迦拏。南無娑羯唎多夜泮。毖瑟拏婢曳泮。勃囉訶牟尼曳泮。阿耆尼曳泮。摩訶羯唎曳泮。羯囉檀遲曳泮。蔑怛唎曳泮。嘮怛唎曳泮。遮文茶曳泮。羯邏囉怛唎曳泮。迦般唎曳泮。阿地目質多。迦屍摩舍那。婆私你曳泮。演吉質。薩埵婆寫。麼麼印兔那麼麼寫。
|}

==== Fifth assembly ====
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Language and Romanization
!Transcriptions
|-
|[[Sanskrit]]
|Duṣṭa-cittā pāpa-cittā raudra-cittā vi-dveṣa amaitra-cittā. Utpāda-yanti kīla-yanti mantra-yanti japanti juhvanti. Ojāhārā garbhāhārā rudhirāhārā vasāhārā, majjāhārā jātāhārā jīvitāhārā malyāhārā, gandhāhārā puṣpāhārā phalāhārā sasyāhārā. Pāpa-cittā duṣṭa-cittā raudra-cittā. Yakṣa-graha rākṣasa-graha preta-graha piśāca-graha, bhūta-graha kumbhaṇḍa-graha skanda-graha utmāda-graha, cchāya-graha apasmāra-graha ḍāka-ḍākinī-graha, revati-graha jamika-graha śakuni-graha mantra-nandika-graha, lamvika-graha hanu kaṇṭha-pāṇi-graha. Jvara ekāhikā dvaitīyakā straitīyakā catur-thakā. Nitya-jvarā viṣama-jvarā vātikā paittikā, śleṣmikā san-nipatikā sarva-jvarā. Śirortti ardhavabhedaka arocaka, akṣi-rogaṃ nasa-rogaṃ mukha-rogaṃ hṛd-rogaṃ gala-grahaṃ, karṇa-śūlaṃ danta-śūlaṃ hṛdaya-śūlaṃ marma-śūlaṃ, pārśva-śūlaṃ pṛṣṭha-śūlaṃ udara-śūlaṃ kaṇṭī-śūlaṃ, vasti-śūlaṃ ūru-śūlaṃ jāṅgha-śūlaṃ hasta-śūlaṃ, pāda-śūlaṃ sarvāṅga-pratyaṅga-śūlaṃ. Bhūta vetāḍa ḍāka-ḍākinī jvara. Dadru kāṇḍu kiṭibhalota vaisarpa-lohāliṅga, śūṣa trasa gara viṣa-yoga, agni udaka mara vaira kāntāra akālaṃ-mṛtyu. Traibuka trai-laṭaka vṛścika sarpa nakula, siṃgha vyāghra ṛkṣa tarakṣa mṛga, sva-para jīva teṣāṃ sarveṣāṃ. Sitātapatraṃ mahā-vajroṣṇīṣaṃ mahā-pratyaṅgiraṃ. Yāvadvā-daśa yojanābhyantareṇa, sīmā-bandhaṃ karomi, diśā-bandhaṃ karomi, pāra-vidyā-bandhaṃ karomi, tejo-bandhaṃ karomi, hasta-bandhaṃ karomi, pāda-bandhaṃ karomi, sarvāṅga-pratyaṅga-bandhaṃ karomi. Tadyathā: Oṃ anale anale viśade viśade vīra vajra-dhare, bandha bandhani, vajra-pāṇi phaṭ! hūṃ trūṃ phaṭ! svāhā. Namaḥ stathāgatāya sugatāya arhate samyak-saṃ buddhāya, siddhyantu mantra-pada svāhā.
|-
|[[Traditional Chinese characters|Traditional Chinese]]
|突瑟吒質多。阿末怛唎質多。烏闍訶囉。伽婆訶囉。嚧地囉訶囉。婆娑訶囉。摩闍訶囉。闍多訶囉。視毖多訶囉。跋略夜訶囉。乾陀訶囉。布史波訶囉。頗囉訶囉。婆寫訶囉。般波質多。突瑟吒質多。嘮陀囉質多。藥叉揭囉訶。囉剎娑揭囉訶。閉㘑多揭囉訶。閉舍遮揭囉訶。部多揭囉訶。鳩槃茶揭囉訶。悉乾陀揭囉訶。烏怛陀摩揭囉訶。車夜揭囉訶。阿播薩摩囉揭囉訶。宅祛革茶耆尼揭囉訶。唎佛帝揭囉訶。闍彌迦揭囉訶。舍俱尼揭囉訶。姥陀囉難地迦揭囉訶。阿藍婆揭囉訶。乾度波尼揭囉訶。什伐囉。堙迦醯迦。墜帝藥迦。怛隸帝藥迦。者突託迦。昵提什伐囉。毖釤摩什伐囉。薄底迦。鼻底迦。室隸瑟蜜迦。娑你般帝迦。薩婆什伐囉。室嚧吉帝。末陀鞞達嚧制劍。阿綺嚧鉗。目佉嚧鉗。羯唎突嚧鉗。揭囉訶揭藍羯拏輸藍。憚多輸藍。迄唎夜輸藍。末麼輸藍。跋唎室婆輸藍。毖栗瑟吒輸藍。烏陀囉輸藍。羯知輸藍。跋悉帝輸藍。鄔嚧輸藍。常迦輸藍。喝悉多輸藍。跋陀輸藍。娑房盎伽般囉丈伽輸藍。部多毖跢茶。茶耆尼。什婆囉。陀突嚧迦。建咄嚧吉知。婆路多毗。薩般嚧訶凌伽。輸沙怛囉。娑那羯囉。毗沙喻迦。阿耆尼。烏陀迦。末囉鞞囉建跢囉。阿迦囉。蜜唎咄。怛歛部迦。地栗剌吒。毖唎瑟質迦。薩婆那俱囉。肆引伽弊。揭囉唎藥叉。怛囉芻。末囉視。吠帝釤。娑鞞釤。悉怛多鉢怛囉。摩訶跋闍嚧。瑟尼釤。摩訶般賴丈耆藍。夜波突陀舍喻闍那。辮怛隸拏。毗陀耶。槃曇迦嚧彌。帝殊。槃曇迦嚧彌。般囉毗陀。槃曇迦嚧彌。哆姪他。唵。阿那隸。毗舍提。鞞囉。跋闍囉。陀唎。槃陀。槃陀你。跋闍囉。謗尼泮。虎𤙖。都嚧甕泮。娑婆訶。
|}

==See also==
*''[[Śūraṅgama Sūtra]]''
*[[Nīlakaṇṭha Dhāraṇī]]
*[[Guhyasamāja Tantra]]
*[[Uṣṇīṣa Vijaya Dhāraṇī Sūtra]]
*[[Om mani padme hum|Oṃ maṇi padme hūm̐]]
*[[Ten Small Mantras]]

==Notes==
{{notelist}}{{reflist|group=upper-roman}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}
;Bibliography
*The Śūraṅgama Sūtra Translation Committee of the Buddhist Text Translation Society. (2009). [http://www.buddhisttexts.org/uploads/6/3/3/1/6331706/surangama_new_translation.pdf ''The Śūraṅgama Sūtra: With Excerpts from the Commentary by the Venerable Master Hsüan Hua: A New Translation.''] Ukiah, CA, USA: Buddhist Text Translation Society.
*[http://www.drbachinese.org/vbs/101_132/vbs132/132_6.htm "A short commentary and Instruction on how to chant the Shurangama Mantra by the Venerable Tripitaka Master Hsuan Hua" ]

==External links==
{{Commons category|Yamantaka}}
* {{cite web |author1=Hsuan Hua |authorlink1=Hsuan Hua |title=The Shurangama Mantra – The Efficacious Language of Heaven and Earth |url=http://online.sfsu.edu/rone/Buddhism/Shurangama/Shurangama%20Mantra.html |website=Professor Ron Epstein's Online Educational Resources}}
* [http://www.buddhisttexts.org/uploads/6/3/3/1/6331706/surangama_new_translation.pdf] and [http://surangama.drba.org] and [http://www.bttsonline.org/product.aspx?pid=393] The Śūraṅgama Sūtra Translation Committee of the Buddhist Text Translation Society. (2009). ''The Śūraṅgama Sūtra: With Excerpts from the Commentary by the Venerable Master Hsüan Hua: A New Translation.'' Ukiah, CA, USA: Buddhist Text Translation Society.{{ISBN|978-0-88139-962-2}}.
* {{cite web |title=Common Bonding Practices for the Buddha Families |url=https://studybuddhism.com/en/advanced-studies/prayers-rituals/vows/common-bonding-practices-for-the-buddha-families |website=studybuddhism.com |language=en}}
* [https://www.buddhismtoronto.com/index-2.1.php Recitation of the Shurangama Mantra, Master Chan Yun] (audio)
* [https://biblebooks.home.blog/2019/11/12/dai-phat-danh-thu-lang-nghiem-than-chu-_-the-shurangama-mantra-surangama-mantra/ The Shurangama Mantra (Mahā-tathāgatoṣṇīṣa-śūraṃgama-mantra)]
{{Buddhism topics}}
Www.shurangama.org
[[Category:Buddhist tantras]]
[[Category:Vajrayana]]
[[Category:Chinese Buddhist texts]]
[[Category:Tibetan Buddhist practices]]
[[Category:67]]
[[Category:Buddhist mantras]]
[[Category:Sanskrit texts]]
[[Category:Buddhism in China]]
[[Category:Buddhism in Japan]]
[[Category:Buddhism in Korea]]
[[Category:1st-century Buddhism]]
[[Category:Chinese Vajrayana Buddhism]]

Phoolon Ki Sej

2026-04-24T16:28:31Z

ErmelindaDez: new

{{short description|1964 film by Inder Raj Anand}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Phoolon Ki Sej
| image = Phoolon Ki Sej.jpg
| caption = Film poster
| director = [[Inder Raj Anand]]
| producer = [[Anjali Devi]] [[P. Adinarayana Rao]]
| writer = Inder Raj Anand
| based_on = {{based on|''Andhere Chirag''|[[Gulshan Nanda]]}}
| starring = [[Ashok Kumar]] [[Manoj Kumar]] [[Vyjayanthimala]]
| music = P. Adinarayana Rao
| editing = N. S. Prakasam
| distributor = [[Anjali Pictures]] [[Rajshri Productions]]
| studio = [[Vijaya Vauhini Studios]] [[Mehboob Studios]]
| released = {{Film date|1964}}
| runtime = 148 minutes
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| budget = {{INR}}45,00,000 (1964)
| gross = {{INR}}90,00,000 (1964) {{INRConvert|68.42|c}} (2010)
}}
'''''Phoolon Ki Sej''''' ({{translation|Bed of Flowers}}) is a 1964 [[India]]n [[Hindi]]-language [[Social film|social]] film written and directed by [[Inder Raj Anand]]. It stars [[Ashok Kumar]], [[Manoj Kumar]], [[Vyjayanthimala]] in lead roles, along with [[Nirupa Roy]], [[Lalita Pawar]], [[Mehmood (actor)|Mehmood]], [[Shubha Khote]], [[Mukri]], [[Kanhaiyalal (actor)|Kanhaiyalal]] in supporting roles. Music by [[P. Adinarayana Rao]] is featured, including the song "Aa Bhi Ja Rasiya". The film was based on [[Gulshan Nanda]]'s novel ''Andhere Chirag'' and was produced by [[Anjali Pictures]], the production company owned by actress [[Anjali Devi]] and husband P. Adinarayana Rao. ''Phoolon Ki Sej'' is about a love story between Nirmal Verma and Karuna.

Director Anand stated that the film was influenced by [[James Jones (author)|James Jones]]’s [[From Here to Eternity (novel)|''From Here To Eternity'']] and [[Doris Lessing]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Phoolon Ki Sej (1964) |url=https://indiancine.ma/LGU/info |access-date= |website=Encyclopedia of Indian Cinema |publisher=Indiancine.ma}}</ref>

==Plot==
Nirmal Verma (Manoj Kumar) and Karuna (Vjyanthi Mala) are attracted to each other, while the former is touring that part of the country along with his friend Girdhari (Mehmood). They get intimate during a rainy misadventure and he promises to return and leaves his address with her, but she misplaces it. She becomes pregnant and leaves in search of Nirmall at Hyderabad. Didi (Lalita Pawar) keeps her from committing suicide. Later, Karuna delivers her son, Suraj (Master Babloo). Both meet after five years and after formal introductions, get married. Didi doesn't allow Karuna to disclose the truth about the child. She relocates to live with him and his brother, Dr. Verma (Ashok Kumar), and Bhabhi, Janki (Nirupa Roy). She visits her son whenever possible at Didi's place. Girdhari, son of Banwari (Kanaiyalal), is in love with Missy (Shobha Khote), the daughter of Jacket (Mukri). They marry against their parents' wishes and so are kept separate from each other, but they regularly meet in secret. Dr. Verma adopts Suraj when Karuna and Nirmal have gone on vacation. Karuna is shocked to find her son Suraj at home and can't hide her motherly emotions. Nirmal finds out the truth about Karuna from Girdhari, who had seen Karuna at Dr. Verma's hospital earlier. Karuna finally divulges the truth to the family when Suraj gets very sick and calls for his mother. Nirmal also comes back and accepts his responsibility and the family reunites.

==Cast==
* [[Ashok Kumar]] as Dr. Verma
* [[Manoj Kumar]] as Nirmal Verma
* [[Vyjayanthimala]] as Karuna
* [[Nirupa Roy]] as Janki Verma
* [[Mehmood (actor)|Mehmood]] as Girdhari
* [[Kanhaiyalal (actor)|Kanhaiyalal]] as Banwari
* [[Lalita Pawar]] as Didi
* [[Mukri]] as Jack
* [[Shubha Khote]] as Misy
;Choreographer
* [[Gopi Krishna (dancer)|Gopi Krishan]]

==Dances==
Gopi Krishan and Vyjayanti Mala dance, as well as the Madras Sisters (Sasi, Kala, and Mala).

==Soundtrack==
{| class="wikitable"
! No. !! Title !! Singer(s)
|-
| 1
| "Aa Tu Aa Zara Dil Me Aa"
| [[Lata Mangeshkar]], [[Mukesh (singer)|Mukesh]]
|-
| 2
| "Aa Bhi Ja Rasiya, Man Mora Pyasa"
| [[Manna Dey]], Lata Mangeshkar
|-
| 3
| "Jane Mujhe Kya Ho Gaya"
| Lata Mangeshkar
|-
| 4
| "Aaj Ki Raat Mohabbat Ka Nasha, Le Liya Dil Hamara Chandni Ne"
| Lata Mangeshkar
|-
| 5
| "Aayega Koi Hamraaz Mere Pyar Ka"
| Lata Mangeshkar
|-
| 6
| "Subh Din Aaya Bahar Ka"
| Lata Mangeshkar
|-
| 7
| "Taron Ki Ankhon Ka Tara Tu"
| Lata Mangeshkar
|-
| 8
| "Aaj Ki Raat Mohabbat Ka Nasha"
| [[Asha Bhosle]], [[Mohammed Rafi]]
|-
| 9
| "Phoolon Ki Sej Pe Jeewan Gujare"
| Lata Mangeshkar
|-
|}

==Box office==
At the end of its theatrical run, ''Phoolon Ki Sej'' grossed around {{INR}}90,00,000 with a net of {{INR}}45,00,000, thus becoming the eighteenth highest-grossing film of 1964, with a verdict of average success at [[Box Office India]].<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=170&catName=MTk2NA== |title=Box Office 1964 |publisher=Boxofficeindia.com |access-date=2012-03-08 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100212160433/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=170&catName=MTk2NA== |archive-date=12 February 2010 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|id=0058467|title=Phoolon Ki Sej}}
* [http://www.upperstall.com/films/1964/phoolon-ki-sej Phoolon Ki Sej profile] at Upperstall.com

{{DEFAULTSORT:Phoolon Ki Sej}}
[[Category:1964 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:1964 drama films]]
[[Category:1964 films]]
[[Category:1964 romantic drama films]]
[[Category:Films about adultery in India]]
[[Category:Films based on Indian novels]]
[[Category:Films scored by P. Adinarayana Rao]]
[[Category:Films set in Mumbai]]
[[Category:Films set in the 1960s]]
[[Category:Films shot in Mumbai]]
[[Category:Hindi-language romantic drama films]]
[[Category:Indian black-and-white films]]
[[Category:Indian musical drama films]]
[[Category:Indian romantic drama films]]
[[Category:Rajshri Productions films]]
[[Category:Films based on Hindi novels]]

Anaparthy Assembly constituency

2026-04-24T06:28:57Z

ErmelindaDez: adding a stub

{{Short description|Constituency of the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2024}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Anaparthy
| map_image = Legislative Assembly constituencies of Andhra Pradesh (40-Anaparthy highlighted).png
| map_caption = Location of Anaparthy Assembly constituency within Andhra Pradesh
| mla = [[Nallamilli Ramakrishna Reddy]]
| party = {{Party index link|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| alliance = {{Party index link|National Democratic Alliance}}
| latest_election_year = [[2024 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2024]]
| state = [[Andhra Pradesh]]
| district = [[East Godavari district|East Godavari]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Rajahmundry Lok Sabha constituency|Rajahmundry]]
| reservation = None
| electors = 213,472
| established = 1951
| type = SLA
| constituency_no = 40
}}

'''Anaparthy Assembly constituency''' is a constituency in [[East Godavari district]] and [[Kakinada district]] of [[Andhra Pradesh]] that elects representatives to the [[Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] in [[India]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ceoandhra.nic.in/ceoap_new/ceo/documents/Electors_Summary%20_25.03.2019.pdf|title=Electors Summary|date=25 May 2019|website=Chief Electoral Officer, Andhra Pradesh|access-date=24 May 2019}}</ref> It is one of the seven assembly segments of [[Rajahmundry Lok Sabha constituency]].<ref name="constituencies">{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf|title=Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008|date=17 December 2018|website=The Election Commission of India|pages=18, 30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181003220916/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf|archive-date=3 October 2018|url-status=dead|access-date=24 May 2019}}</ref>

Ramakrishna Reddy Nallamilli is the current [[Member of Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]] of the constituency, having won the [[2024 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]] from [[Bharatiya Janata Party]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Assembly Election 2019 |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/AcResultGenJune2024/candidateswise-S0140.htm |website=Election Commission of India |access-date=4 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190524074223/https://results.eci.gov.in/AcResultGenJune2024/candidateswise-S0140.htm |archive-date=2019-05-24 |url-status=dead}}</ref> As of 25 March 2019, there are a total of 213,472 electors in the constituency.<ref name="electors">{{cite web|url=http://ceoandhra.nic.in/ceoap_new/ceo/documents/Electors_Summary%20_25.03.2019.pdf|title=Electors Summary|date=25 May 2019|website=Chief Electoral Officer, Andhra Pradesh|access-date=24 May 2019}}</ref>{{update after|2024}} The constituency was established in 1951, as per the ''Delimitation Orders (1951)''.

== Mandals ==

The four mandals that form the assembly constituency are:<ref name="constituencies" />{{srn}}
{|class="wikitable sortable static-row-numbers static-row-header-hash"
!Mandal
|-
| [[Pedapudi]]
|-
| [[Biccavolu]]
|-
| [[Rangampeta]]
|-
| [[Anaparthy]]
|-
|}

==Members of the Legislative Assembly==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Member
! colspan="2" | Political Party
|-
| [[1952 Madras Legislative Assembly election|1952]]
| Padala Satyanarayana Reddy
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1955 Andhra State Legislative Assembly election|1955]]
| Tetala Lakshmi Narayana Reddy
| {{Full party name with color|Kisan Mazdoor Praja Party}}
|-
| [[1962 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1962]]
| Palacherla Panasaramanna
| {{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India}}
|-
| [[1967 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
| rowspan=2 |Ramakrishana Chowdary Valluri
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[1972 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1972]]
|-
| [[1978 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1978]]
| Padala Ammi Reddy
| {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}
|-
| [[1983 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1983]]
| rowspan=2 |Nallamilli Moola Reddy
| {{Full party name with color|Telugu Desam Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[1985 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1985]]
|-
| [[1989 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1989]]
| Tetali Rama Reddy
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1994 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1994]]
| rowspan=2 |Nallamilli Moola Reddy
| {{Full party name with color|Telugu Desam Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[1999 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1999]]
|-
| [[2004 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2004]]
| Tetali Rama Reddy
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[2009 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2009]]
| Nallamilli Seshareddy
|-
| [[2014 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2014]]
| [[Nallamilli Ramakrishna Reddy]]
| {{Full party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
|-
| [[2019 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2019]]
| [[Sathi Suryanarayana Reddy]]
| {{Full party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
|-
| [[2024 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2024]]
| [[Nallamilli Ramakrishna Reddy]]
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|}

== Election results ==
=== 2024 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2024 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Anaparthy}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link||party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=[[Ramakrishna Reddy Nallamilli]]|votes=1,05,720 |percentage=53.73|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=YSR Congress Party|candidate=Dr. Sathi Suryanarayana Reddy|votes=84,870 |percentage=43.14|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=NOTA|candidate=[[None of the above]]|votes=3,105 |percentage=1.58|change=}}
{{Election box majority||votes=20,850|percentage=10.59|change=}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=1,96,754|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser = YSR Congress Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2019 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2019 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Anaparthy}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = YSR Congress Party
|candidate = Dr. Sathi Suryanarayana Reddy
|votes = 1,11,771
|percentage = 59.86
|change = +12.80
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Telugu Desam Party|candidate=[[Ramakrishna Reddy Nallamilli]]|votes=56,564|percentage=30.30|change=-17.55}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Janasena Party|candidate=Relangi Nageswara Rao|votes=11,769|percentage=6.88|change=}}
{{Election box majority||votes=55,207|percentage=29.56|change=}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=1,86,745|percentage=87.48|change=1.74}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = YSR Congress Party
|loser = Telugu Desam Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2014 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2014 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Anaparthy}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link||party=Telugu Desam Party|candidate=[[Ramakrishna Reddy Nallamilli]]|votes=83,398|percentage=47.85|change=+26.43}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=YSR Congress Party|candidate=[[Dr. Sathi Suryanarayana Reddy]]|votes=82,025|percentage=47.06|change=}}
{{Election box majority||votes=1,373|percentage=0.79|change=}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=174,274|percentage=85.74|change=-1.34}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Telugu Desam Party
|loser = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2009 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2009 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Anaparthy}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link||party=Indian National Congress|candidate=[[Shesha Reddy Nallamilli]]|votes=70,623|percentage=45.16|change=-16.39}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Praja Rajyam Party|candidate=[[Gollalamamidada D.R.K.Reddy]]|votes=34,749|percentage=22.22|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Telugu Desam Party|candidate=[[Moola Reddy Nallamilli]]|votes=33,500|percentage=21.42|change=-11.24}}
{{Election box majority||votes=35,874|percentage=22.94|change=}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=156,386|percentage=86.08|change=+4.42}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Indian National Congress
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2004 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2004 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Anaparthy}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link||party=Indian National Congress|candidate=[[Tetali Ramareddy]]|votes=61,194|percentage=61.55|change=+12.63}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Telugu Desam Party|candidate=[[Moola Reddy Nallamilli]]|votes=32,466|percentage=32.66|change=-17.29}}
{{Election box majority||votes=28,728|percentage=28.89|change=}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=99,421|percentage=81.66|change=+8.79}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Indian National Congress
|loser = Telugu Desam Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 1999 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[1999 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Anaparthy}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link||party=Telugu Desam Party|candidate=Nallamilli Moola Reddy|votes=47,786|percentage=50.0|change={{decrease}}2.5}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Indian National Congress|candidate=Tetali Rama Reddy|votes=46,800|percentage=48.9|change={{increase}}2.96}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Anna Telugu Desam Party|candidate=Tillapudi Satyaveni|votes=400|percentage=0.4|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Ntr Telugu Desam Party (LAKSHMI PARVATHI)|candidate=Manepalli Murty|votes=325|percentage=0.4|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Independent|candidate=Gunnam Rao|votes=142|percentage=0.2|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Independent|candidate=Nallamilli Reddy|votes=79|percentage=0.1|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Independent|candidate=Devanandam Vemagiri|votes=78|percentage=0.1|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Independent|candidate=Sathi Reddy|votes=54|percentage=0.1|change=}}
{{Election box majority||votes=986|percentage=1.0|change={{decrease}}5.4}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=98,506|percentage=75|change={{decrease}}1.5}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Telugu Desam Party
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 1994 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[1994 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Anaparthy}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link||party=Telugu Desam Party|candidate=Nallamilli Moola Reddy|votes=48,281|percentage=52.5|change={{increase}}7.2}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Indian National Congress|candidate=Tetali Rama Reddy|votes=42,281|percentage=46.0|change={{decrease}}7.7}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Bahujan Samaj Party|candidate=Trimurtulu Kadalivotes=787|percentage=0.9|change={{increase}}0.6}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=R. Velagala Sathi|votes=348|percentage=0.4|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Independent|candidate=Pulagam Reddy|votes=114|percentage=0.1|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Independent|candidate=Radha Reddytetali|votes=76|percentage=0.1|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Independent|candidate=Tadi Reddy|votes=65|percentage=0.1|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Independent|candidate=Rallapalli Apparao|votes=59|percentage=0.1|change=}}
{{Election box majority||votes=6,000|percentage=6.4|change={{decrease}}1.8}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=93,211|percentage=76.5|change={{decrease}}1.9}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Telugu Desam Party
|loser = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 1989 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[1989 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Anaparthy}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link||party=Indian National Congress|candidate=Tetali Rama Reddy|votes=48,711|percentage=53.7|change={{increase}}8.9}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Telugu Desam Party|candidate=Nallanilli Moola Reddy|votes=41,073|percentage=45.3|change={{decrease}}9.1}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Independent|candidate=Venkatarama Reddy Manukonda|votes=401|percentage=0.4|change={{increase}}0.6}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Independent|candidate=Velagala Satti Keddy|votes=290|percentage=0.3|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Bahujan Samaj Party|candidate=Nakka Srinagesh|votes=280|percentage=0.3|change=}}
{{Election box majority||votes=7,638|percentage=8.2|change={{decrease}}1.4}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=93,147|percentage=78.4|change={{increase}}0.4}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Indian National Congress
|loser = Telugu Desam Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 1985 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[1985 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Anaparthy}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link||party=Telugu Desam Party|candidate=Nallamilli Moola Reddy|votes=43,552|percentage=54.4|change={{decrease}}12}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Indian National Congress|candidate=Ammireddy Tadala|votes=35,831|percentage=44.8|change={{increase}}12.3}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Independent|candidate=Ramakrishna Illa|votes=263|percentage=0.3|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Independent|candidate=Anantharatu Ammiraju|votes=119|percentage=0.2|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Independent|candidate=Vemagiri Devanandam|votes=117|percentage=0.2|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Independent|candidate=Rallapalli Apparao|votes=117|percentage=0.2|change=}}
{{Election box majority||votes=7,721|percentage=9.6|change={{decrease}}23.8}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=80,715|percentage=78|change={{increase}}1.6}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Telugu Desam Party
|loser = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 1983 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[1983 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Anaparthy}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link||party=Telugu Desam Party|candidate=Nallamilli Moola Reddy|votes=46,855|percentage=66.4|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Indian National Congress|candidate=Ammireddy Padala|votes=22,951|percentage=32.5|change={{increase}}1.9}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Independent|candidate=Chikkala Veraswamy|votes=795|percentage=1.1|change=}}
{{Election box majority||votes=23,904|percentage=33.4|change={{increase}}14.7}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=71,553|percentage=76.4|change={{decrease}}7.4}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Telugu Desam Party
|loser = Janata Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 1978 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[1978 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Anaparthy}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link||party=Janata Party
|candidate=Padala Ammi Reddy|votes=37,261|percentage=49.5|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Indian National Congress|candidate=Undavilli Satyanarayana Murty|votes=22,982|percentage=30.6|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Indian National Congress (I)|candidate=Mallidi Haranatha Reddy|votes=13,199|percentage=17.6|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Independent|candidate=Sanyasi Rao|votes=1,080|percentage=1.4|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Independent|candidate=Gortha Janakayya|votes=336|percentage=0.5|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Independent|candidate=Thondapu Sathi Reddy|votes=253|percentage=0.3|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Independent|candidate=Gandrala Sreerama Murthy|votes=96|percentage=0.1|change=}}
{{Election box majority||votes=14,279|percentage=18.7|change=}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=76,267|percentage=83.8|change=}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Janata Party
|loser = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}
=== 1972===
{{Election box begin | title=[[1972 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Anaparthy}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link||party=Indian National Congress|candidate=Ramakrishana Chowdary Valluri|votes=|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box majority||votes=|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Indian National Congress
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 1967 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[1967 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Anaparthy}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link||party=Indian National Congress|candidate=Ramakrishana Chowdary Valluri|votes=25,822|percentage=41.34|change={{decrease}}7.85}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Independent|candidate=V. Goluguri|votes=25,419|percentage=40.69|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Communist Party of India|candidate=Palacherla Panasaramanna|votes=9,908|percentage=15.86|change={{decrease}}34.94}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Bharatiya Jana Sangh|candidate=A. Adapa|votes=889|percentage=1.42|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Independent|candidate=S. Govindaram|votes=426|percentage=0.68|change=}}
{{Election box majority||votes=403|percentage=0.65|change={{decrease}}0.96}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=62,464|percentage=83.43|change=}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Indian National Congress
|loser = Communist Party of India
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 1962 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[1962 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Anaparthy}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link||party=Communist Party of India|candidate=Palacherla Panasaramanna|votes=18,498|percentage=50.80|change={{increase}}8.13}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Indian National Congress|candidate=Tetala Reddy|votes=17,912|percentage=49.19|change=}}
{{Election box majority||votes=586|percentage=1.61|change=}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=36,410|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Communist Party of India
|loser = Kisan Mazdoor Praja Party

|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 1955 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[1955 Andhra State Legislative Assembly election]]: Anaparthy}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link||party=Kisan Mazdoor Praja Party|candidate=Tetala Reddy|votes=24,926|percentage=54.66|change={{increase}}30.08}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Communist Party of India|candidate=Kuvvuri Venkatareddi|votes=19,458|percentage=42.67|change={{increase}}9.50}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Independent|candidate=Dandangi Apparao|votes=1,215|percentage=2.66|change=}}
{{Election box majority||votes=5,468|percentage=11.99|change={{increase}}10.63}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=45,599|percentage=63.29|change={{decrease}}6.12}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Kisan Mazdoor Praja Party
|loser = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===1952===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1952 Madras Legislative Assembly election]]: Anaparti<ref>{{cite web | url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/STATISTICALREPORTS_51_MADRAS.pdf | title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1951 : To the Legislative Assembly of Madras | publisher=Election Commission of India | access-date=2014-10-14 |archive-date=27 January 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130127201450/https://eci.gov.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/STATISTICALREPORTS_51_MADRAS.pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Padala Satyanarayana Reddy |party=Indian National Congress |votes=16,143 |percentage=34.52% |change=34.52% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=P. Venkata Rao|party=Communist Party of India|votes=15,509|percentage=33.17%|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=T. Lakshminarayana Reddy|party=Kisan Mazdoor Praja Party|votes=11,494|percentage=24.58%|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=S. Venkata Rao|party=Krishikar Lok Party|votes=2,511|percentage=5.37%|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=B. Venkanna|party=Independent politician|votes=1,102|percentage=2.36%|change=}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=634 |percentage=1.36% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout|votes=46,759|percentage=69.41%|change=}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 67,364 |change = }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner=Indian National Congress |loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

== See also ==
* [[List of constituencies of the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Coord|16.93|81.96|display=title}}
{{Assembly constituencies of Andhra Pradesh}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Politics of Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:East Godavari district]]
[[Category:Kakinada district]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1951]]
[[Category:1951 establishments in Madras State]]

Hita Harivansh

2026-04-18T14:52:33Z

ErmelindaDez: Put up new pg w/ infobox - done

{{short description|Vrindavan saint, poet, founder of Radha Vallabh Sampradaya}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2020}}
{{COI|date=November 2025}}
{{Infobox Hindu leader
| name = Harivansh Mahaprabhu
| title = Mahaprabhu
| image =
| caption =
| religion = [[Hinduism]]
| father =
| mother =
| birth_date =
| birth_place = [[Baad, Uttar Pradesh]], India
| birth_name =
| death_place =
| spouse = Rukmini
| known_for = Devotional poetry
| founder = [[Radha Vallabh Sampradaya]]
| guru = [[Srimati Radha Rani]]
| philosophy = [[Bhakti]]
| honors = ''[[Sant (religion)|Sant]]''
| literary_works = ''Hita-Caurāsī'', ''Sfut Vāñī'', ''Yamunāshtak'' and 2 Letters to his disciple in [[Junagadh]]
| disciples =
| death_date =
}}

'''Shri Hita Harivansh Mahaprabhu''' (another spelling, '''Hita Harivaṃśa''') was a [[Braj Bhasha|Braj]] language [[bhakti]] poet-[[sant (religion)|sant]] and the founder of [[Radha Vallabh Sampradaya]].{{sfn|Beck|2005|p=66}} His principal work is the hymnal ''Hita-Caurāsī''.{{sfnm|1a1=White|1y=1977|1p=|2a1=Snell|2y=1991|2p=|3a1=Beck|3y=2005|3pp=67–68}}

== Early life ==
Born in [[Baad, Uttar Pradesh|Baad]] near [[Mathura]] on the 11th Day of the Hindu month of Vaishakh ([[Ekadashi]]). He is considered by his followers to be the [[avatar|incarnation]] of Krishna's flute.{{sfn|Beck|2005|p=67}}

A follower of Prema Bhakti and devotee of [[Srimati Radha Rani]] as the ultimate Supreme Power.{{sfn|Beck|2005|p=76}} He was the Guru of [[Jaimal Rathore]], ruler of [[Merta City|Martha State]] and brother of [[Mirabai]].<ref>Shree Bhaktmal, Geeta Press, Gorakhpur, P.437</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Packert |first=Cynthia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SyTgMt4AQl4C&dq=gaur+brahmin+saharanpur&pg=PA80 |title=The Art of Loving Krishna: Ornamentation and Devotion |date=2010-07-07 |publisher=Indiana University Press |isbn=978-0-253-22198-8 |language=en}}</ref>

His father Vyasa Mishra was a [[Gaur Brahmin]] and court astrologer in the court of the then emperor, some say it was [[Sikandar Khan Lodi]] and others believe that it was [[Humayun]]<ref name=":0" />

==Works==
Harivansh Mahaprabhu's principal work is the ''Hita-Caurāsī'' (''Caurāsī Pad'') — the eighty-four verses in [[Braj Bhasha]] praising [[Radha]].{{sfnm|1a1=White|1y=1977|1p=|2a1=Snell|2y=1991|2p=|3a1=Beck|3y=2005|3pp=67–68}}

==References==
===Footnotes===
{{Reflist}}
===Bibliography===
* {{cite book|surname=Beck |given=Guy L. |chapter=Krishna as Loving Husband of God: The Alternative Krishnology of the Rādhāvallabha Sampradaya |pages=65–90 |chapter-url= https://books.google.com/books?id=0SJ73GHSCF8C&pg=PA65 |title=Alternative Krishnas: Regional and Vernacular Variations on a Hindu Deity |url= {{Google books|0SJ73GHSCF8C|page=|keywords=|text=|plainurl=yes}} |editor= Guy L. Beck |place=Albany, NY |publisher=SUNY Press |year=2005 |isbn=978-0-7914-6415-1}}
* {{cite journal|last=Brzezinski |first=J. K. |year=1992 |title=Prabodhānanda, Hita Harivaṃśa and the Rādhārasasudhānidhi |journal=[[Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies]] |volume=55 |issue=3 |pages=472–497 |jstor=620194 |doi=10.1017/S0041977X00003669|s2cid=161089313 }}
* {{cite book|surname=Snell |given=Rupert |title=The Eighty-four Hymns of Hita Harivaṃśa: An Edition of the Caurāsī Pada |url={{Google books|jOs-G0-VIWQC|page=|keywords=|text=|plainurl=yes}} |year=1991 |place=Delhi; London |publisher=[[Motilal Banarsidass]]; School of Oriental and African Studies |isbn=81-208-0629-8}}
* {{cite book|surname=White |given=Charles S. J. |title=The Caurāsī Pad of Śri Hit Harivaṃś: Introduction, Translation, Notes, and Edited Braj Bhaṣa |series= Asian studies at Hawaii, 16 |url={{Google books|X8Q_zgEACAAJ|page=|keywords=|text=|plainurl=yes}} |year=1977 |publisher=University Press of Hawaii |place=Honolulu |isbn=9780824803599 |issn=0066-8486}}

==External links==
* [http://www.radhavallabh.com/harivansh.html About Shri Hit Harivansh Mahaprabhu] by ''Radhavallabh.com''
* [https://app.box.com/s/2sv5o1754x7cwlw2vu9op18n6tto1nrk Sri-Harivansh-Vilasa]

[[Category:16th-century Hindu religious leaders]]
[[Category:16th-century Hindu philosophers and theologians]]
[[Category:16th-century Indian poets]]
[[Category:Hindi-language poets]]
[[Category:Vaishnavite religious leaders]]
[[Category:Devotees of Krishna]]
[[Category:Hindu poets]]
[[Category:Indian male poets]]
[[Category:Indian Hindu spiritual teachers]]
[[Category:Indian Vaishnavites]]
[[Category:Vaishnava saints]]
[[Category:People considered avatars by their followers]]
[[Category:People from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Poets from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Bhakti movement]]

Jowai Assembly constituency

2026-04-16T04:33:29Z

ErmelindaDez: Put up some data nd citations - done

{{short description|Legislative Assembly constituency in Meghalaya State, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2020}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Jowai
| state = [[Meghalaya]]
| type = SLA
| map_image = Jowai Assembly constituency map.svg
| constituency_no = 2
| district = [[West Jaintia Hills district|West Jaintia Hills]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Shillong Lok Sabha constituency|Shillong]]
| reservation = ST
| incumbent_image = File:Wailadmiki.jpg
| mla = [[Wailadmiki Shylla]]
| established = 1972
| party = {{Party index link|National People's Party (India)}}
| alliance = {{Party index link|National Democratic Alliance}}
| latest_election_year = [[2023 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
| electors = {{formatnum:40581}}<ref name=election2023>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/14873-meghalayaexcluding-ac-23/ |title=Meghalaya General Legislative Election 2023 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |website=eci.gov.in|access-date=11 April 2023}}</ref>{{update after|2028|05}}
}}
'''Jowai''' is one of the 60 [[Meghalaya Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]] constituencies of [[Meghalaya]] state in [[India]].<ref name=ceomap>{{cite web |url=http://www.ceomeghalaya.nic.in/gis-map/00-pc-map-meghalaya.pdf |title=Map of Meghalaya Parliamentary Constituencies |website=ceomeghalaya.nic.in |accessdate= 30 January 2021}}</ref> It is part of [[West Jaintia Hills district|West Jaintia Hills]] district and is reserved for candidates belonging to the [[Scheduled Tribes]]. It falls under [[Shillong (Lok Sabha constituency)|Shillong Lok Sabha constituency]]<ref name="election">{{cite web|author= |url=http://www.elections.in/meghalaya/assembly-constituencies/jowai.html |title= Jowai (Meghalaya) Assembly Constituency Elections |work=elections.in |date= |accessdate=22 March 2018}}</ref> and its current MLA is [[Wailadmiki Shylla]] of [[National People's Party (India)|National People's Party]].<ref>{{cite web|author= |url=http://www.elections.in/meghalaya/assembly-constituencies/2018-election-results.html |title=Meghalaya Assembly Election 2018 Result |work=elections.in |date= |accessdate=20 March 2018}}</ref>

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
Source:<ref name="election"/>
{|class="wikitable sortable"
!Year
!Name
!colspan=2|Party
|-
!colspan=4|Assam
|-
|[[1967 Assam Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
|[[Edwingson Barch]]
| {{Full party name with color|All Party Hill Leaders Conference}}

|-
!colspan=4|Meghalaya
|-
| [[1972 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election|1972]] || B. B. Shallam || {{Full party name with color|All Party Hill Leaders Conference}}
|-
| [[1978 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election|1978]] || Tylli Kyndiah || {{Full party name with color|Independent politician}}
|-
| [[1983 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election|1983]] || rowspan=2 | Dr. Roytre Christopher Laloo || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=3}}
|-
| [[1988 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election|1988]]
|-
| [[1993 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election|1993]] || Roytre Christopher Laloo
|-
| [[1998 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election|1998]] || rowspan=2 | Singh Mulieh || {{Full party name with color|United Democratic Party (Meghalaya)|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[2003 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election|2003]]
|-
| [[2008 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election|2008]] || rowspan=2 | Dr. Roytre Christopher Laloo || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[2013 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election|2013]]
|-
| [[2018 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election|2018]] || rowspan=2 | [[Wailadmiki Shylla]] || {{Full party name with color|National People's Party (India)|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[2023 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election|2023]] <ref name="Meghalaya Assembly elections results 2023: Check full list of winners">{{cite news |last1=The Indian Express |date=2 March 2023 |title=Meghalaya Assembly elections results 2023: Check full list of winners |language=en |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/north-east-india/meghalaya/meghalaya-assembly-elections-results-2023-winners-list-https-indianexpress-com-article-opinion-columns-supreme-court-censure-on-renaming-games-8473818/ |access-date=20 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231220134117/https://indianexpress.com/article/north-east-india/meghalaya/meghalaya-assembly-elections-results-2023-winners-list-https-indianexpress-com-article-opinion-columns-supreme-court-censure-on-renaming-games-8473818/ |archive-date=20 December 2023}}</ref><ref name="Meghalaya election result 2023: Full list of winners constituency-wise">{{cite news |last1=Hindustan Times |date=2 March 2023 |title=Meghalaya election result 2023: Full list of winners constituency-wise |language=en |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/meghalaya-election-winner-list-2023-npp-bjp-tmc-congress-candidate-list-for-meghalaya-assembly-election-2023-leading-trailing-candidates-parties-101677727601523.html |access-date=20 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231220134201/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/meghalaya-election-winner-list-2023-npp-bjp-tmc-congress-candidate-list-for-meghalaya-assembly-election-2023-leading-trailing-candidates-parties-101677727601523.html |archive-date=20 December 2023}}</ref>
|}

== Election results ==
===Assembly Election 2023===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2023 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election]]: Jowai<ref>{{Cite web |publisher=[[Chief Electoral Officer (India)|Chief Electoral Officer]] |title=General Election to Vidhna Sabha Trends & Result MArch - 2023 |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenMar2023/ConstituencywiseS157.htm?ac=7 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230302144159/https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenMar2023/ConstituencywiseS157.htm?ac=7 |archive-date=2 March 2023 |access-date=4 January 2025 |website=results.eci.gov.in}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Wailadmiki Shylla]] |party=National People's Party (India) |votes=14,079 |percentage=38.79% |change={{increase}}6.00 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Awhai Andrew Shullai |party=All India Trinamool Congress |votes=11,412 |percentage=31.44% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Moonlight Pariat |party=United Democratic Party (Meghalaya) |votes=10,260 |percentage=28.27% |change={{decrease}}0.51 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Allan Keith Suchiang |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=326 |percentage=0.90% |change={{decrease}}4.34 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Daniel Dann |party=Indian National Congress |votes=216 |percentage=0.60% |change={{decrease}}26.68 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes=423 |percentage=1.17% |change={{increase}}0.73 }}

{{Election box margin of victory |votes=2,667 |percentage=7.35% |change= {{increase}}3.34 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=36,293 |percentage=90.48% |change= {{decrease}}4.44 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 40,581 |ref = |change= {{increase}}17.22 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=National People's Party (India) |loser=National People's Party (India) |swing= {{increase}}6.00 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 2018===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2018 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election]]: Jowai<ref>{{Cite web |publisher=[[Chief Electoral Officer (India)|Chief Electoral Officer]], [[Meghalaya]] |title=Form 20 - Polling Station Wise Result Sheet of General Election 2018 to the Meghalaya Legislative Assembly |url=https://ceomeghalaya.nic.in/electionconducted/mla2018/form20.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240208162439/https://ceomeghalaya.nic.in/electionconducted/mla2018/form20.html |archive-date=8 February 2024 |access-date=4 January 2025 |website=ceomeghalaya.nic.in}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Wailadmiki Shylla]] |party=National People's Party (India) |votes=10,657 |percentage=32.79% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Moonlight Pariat |party=United Democratic Party (Meghalaya) |votes=9,354 |percentage=28.78% |change={{increase}}3.08 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Awhai Andrew Shullai |party=Indian National Congress |votes=8,863 |percentage=27.27% |change={{decrease}}9.89 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Marki Mulieh |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=1,702 |percentage=5.24% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Banrilang Jungai |party=Aam Aadmi Party |votes=89 |percentage=0.27% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes=141 |percentage=0.43% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,303 |percentage=4.01% |change= {{increase}}1.35 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=32,500 |percentage=93.88% |change= {{increase}}5.50 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 34,620 |ref = |change= {{increase}}19.73 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=National People's Party (India) |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}4.37 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 2013===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2013 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election]]: Jowai<ref>{{cite web|website=ceomeghalaya.nic.in |publisher=[[Chief Electoral Officer (India)|Chief Electoral Officer]], [[Meghalaya]]|title=Election Commission of India- State Election, 2013 to the Legislative Assembly of Meghalaya |url=https://ceomeghalaya.nic.in/electionconducted/mla2013/10-Reports/10-detailed-results.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250104021738/https://ceomeghalaya.nic.in/electionconducted/mla2013/10-Reports/10-detailed-results.pdf |archive-date=4 January 2025|access-date=4 January 2025|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Dr. Roytre Christopher Laloo |party=Indian National Congress |votes=9,496 |percentage=37.16% |change={{decrease}}2.99 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Moonlight Pariat |party=Independent politician |votes=8,817 |percentage=34.50% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Singh Mulieh |party=United Democratic Party (Meghalaya) |votes=6,568 |percentage=25.70% |change={{decrease}}11.36 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Heimon Hinge |party=Independent politician |votes=673 |percentage=2.63% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=679 |percentage=2.66% |change= {{decrease}}0.43 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=25,554 |percentage=88.38% |change= {{decrease}}3.79 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 28,915 |ref = |change= {{increase}}38.74 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}2.99 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 2008===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2008 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election]]: Jowai<ref>{{cite web|website=ceomeghalaya.nic.in |publisher=[[Chief Electoral Officer (India)|Chief Electoral Officer]], [[Meghalaya]]|title=General Election to Legislative Assembly, Mar 2008 - Valid Votes Secured |url=https://ceomeghalaya.nic.in/election-history/general-election-to-meghalaya-legislative-assembly/2008-la.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250104021122/https://ceomeghalaya.nic.in/election-history/general-election-to-meghalaya-legislative-assembly/2008-la.pdf |archive-date=4 January 2025|access-date=4 January 2025|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Dr. Roytre Christopher Laloo |party=Indian National Congress |votes=7,712 |percentage=40.15% |change={{decrease}}5.57 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Singh Mulieh |party=United Democratic Party (Meghalaya) |votes=7,119 |percentage=37.06% |change={{decrease}}12.30 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Moonlight Pariat |party=Nationalist Congress Party |votes=4,377 |percentage=22.79% |change={{increase}}19.00 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=593 |percentage=3.09% |change= {{decrease}}0.55 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=19,208 |percentage=92.16% |change= {{increase}}15.30 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 20,841 |ref = |change= {{decrease}}11.83 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=United Democratic Party (Meghalaya) |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 2003===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2003 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election]]: Jowai<ref>{{cite web|website=ceomeghalaya.nic.in |publisher=[[Chief Electoral Officer (India)|Chief Electoral Officer]], [[Meghalaya]]|title=General Election to Legislative Assembly, Mar 2003 - Valid Votes Secured |url=https://ceomeghalaya.nic.in/election-history/general-election-to-meghalaya-legislative-assembly/2003-la.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250104020753/https://ceomeghalaya.nic.in/election-history/general-election-to-meghalaya-legislative-assembly/2003-la.pdf |archive-date=4 January 2025|access-date=4 January 2025|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Singh Mulieh |party=United Democratic Party (Meghalaya) |votes=8,967 |percentage=49.36% |change={{decrease}}1.25 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Dr. Roytre Christopher Laloo |party=Indian National Congress |votes=8,306 |percentage=45.72% |change={{decrease}}3.67 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Phidalia Toi |party=Nationalist Congress Party |votes=688 |percentage=3.79% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Philomath Passah |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=128 |percentage=0.70% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Noren Talang |party=Independent politician |votes=78 |percentage=0.43% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=661 |percentage=3.64% |change= {{increase}}2.42 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=18,167 |percentage=76.93% |change= {{decrease}}4.30 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 23,636 |ref = |change= {{increase}}10.64 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=United Democratic Party (Meghalaya) |loser=United Democratic Party (Meghalaya) |swing= {{decrease}}1.25 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 1998===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1998 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election]]: Jowai<ref>{{cite web|website=eci.gov.in |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1998 to the Legislative Assembly of Meghalaya |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1998/StatisticalReport-MGH98.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180324144917/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1998/StatisticalReport-MGH98.pdf |archive-date=24 March 2018 |access-date=15 February 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Singh Mulieh |party=United Democratic Party (Meghalaya) |votes=8,775 |percentage=50.61% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Dr. Roytre Christopher Laloo |party=Indian National Congress |votes=8,563 |percentage=49.39% |change={{increase}}5.98 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=212 |percentage=1.22% |change= {{decrease}}9.55 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=17,338 |percentage=82.69% |change= {{decrease}}2.63 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 21,363 |ref = |change= {{increase}}2.61 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=United Democratic Party (Meghalaya) |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 1993===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1993 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election]]: Jowai<ref>{{cite web|website=eci.gov.in |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1993 to the Legislative Assembly of Meghalaya |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1993/StatReport_MG_93.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180324144200/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1993/StatReport_MG_93.pdf |archive-date=24 March 2018 |access-date=15 February 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Roytre Christopher Laloo |party=Indian National Congress |votes=7,572 |percentage=43.41% |change={{increase}}8.73 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Singh Mulieh |party=Independent politician |votes=5,692 |percentage=32.63% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Raingmon Pssah |party=Hill People's Union |votes=4,180 |percentage=23.96% |change={{decrease}}3.09 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,880 |percentage=10.78% |change= {{increase}}3.15 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=17,444 |percentage=84.81% |change= {{decrease}}2.92 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 20,819 |ref = |change= {{increase}}71.76 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 1988===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1988 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election]]: Jowai<ref>{{cite web|website=eci.gov.in |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1988 to the Legislative Assembly of Meghalaya |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1988/Statistical%20Report%201988%20Meghlaya.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180324144042/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1988/Statistical%20Report%201988%20Meghlaya.pdf |archive-date=24 March 2018 |access-date=15 February 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Dr. Roytre Christopher Laloo |party=Indian National Congress |votes=3,645 |percentage=34.68% |change={{increase}}7.95 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Guinton Passah |party=Hill People's Union |votes=2,843 |percentage=27.05% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Singh Mulieh |party=Independent politician |votes=2,578 |percentage=24.53% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Yooshida Shilla |party=Hill State People's Democratic Party |votes=726 |percentage=6.91% |change={{decrease}}0.65 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Thandajai Dakhar |party=Independent politician |votes=718 |percentage=6.83% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=802 |percentage=7.63% |change= {{increase}}1.33 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=10,510 |percentage=87.77% |change= {{increase}}8.74 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 12,121 |ref = |change= {{increase}}10.27 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{increase}}7.95 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 1983===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1983 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election]]: Jowai<ref>{{cite web|website=eci.gov.in |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1983 to the Legislative Assembly of Meghalaya |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1983/Statistical%20ReportMeghalaya1983.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171025204117/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1983/Statistical%20ReportMeghalaya1983.pdf |archive-date=25 October 2017|access-date=15 February 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Dr. Roytre Christopher Laloo |party=Indian National Congress |votes=2,291 |percentage=26.73% |change={{increase}}22.78 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Tylli Kundiah |party=All Party Hill Leaders Conference |votes=1,751 |percentage=20.43% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Singh Mulieh |party=Independent politician |votes=1,750 |percentage=20.42% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Gordon D. Pae |party=Independent politician |votes=1,709 |percentage=19.94% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Disingh Shallam |party=Hill State People's Democratic Party |votes=648 |percentage=7.56% |change={{decrease}}13.02 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Thandajai Dakhar |party=Independent politician |votes=421 |percentage=4.91% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=540 |percentage=6.30% |change= {{decrease}}0.67 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=8,570 |percentage=80.39% |change= {{decrease}}0.50 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 10,992 |ref = |change= {{increase}}23.16 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Independent politician |swing= {{decrease}}5.11 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 1978===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1978 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election]]: Jowai<ref>{{cite web|website=eci.gov.in |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1978 to the Legislative Assembly of Meghalaya |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/StatisticalReport%20Meghalaya78%20.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180324143720/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/StatisticalReport%20Meghalaya78%20.pdf |archive-date=24 March 2018|access-date=15 February 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Tylli Kyndiah |party=Independent politician |votes=2,230 |percentage=31.84% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Disingh Shallam |party=Independent politician |votes=1,742 |percentage=24.88% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Showaless K. Shilla |party=Hill State People's Democratic Party |votes=1,441 |percentage=20.58% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Gordon D. Pae |party=Independent politician |votes=1,262 |percentage=18.02% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Beryl Lamare |party=Indian National Congress |votes=277 |percentage=3.96% |change={{decrease}}25.49 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Peter Kir Nikhla |party=Independent politician |votes=29 |percentage=0.41% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ebarlis Lalar |party=Independent politician |votes=22 |percentage=0.31% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=488 |percentage=6.97% |change= {{decrease}}12.72 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=7,003 |percentage=79.57% |change= {{increase}}6.61 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 8,925 |ref = |change= {{increase}}8.41 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Independent politician |loser=All Party Hill Leaders Conference |swing= {{decrease}}17.29 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 1972===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1972 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election]]: Jowai<ref>{{cite web|website=eci.gov.in |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1972 to the Legislative Assembly of Meghalaya |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatReport_MG_72.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180324143519/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatReport_MG_72.pdf |archive-date=24 March 2018|access-date=15 February 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=B. B. Shallam |party=All Party Hill Leaders Conference |votes=2,907 |percentage=49.14% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Gordon D. Pae |party=Indian National Congress |votes=1,742 |percentage=29.45% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Bnein Bareh |party=Independent politician |votes=758 |percentage=12.81% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Devilin Talang |party=Independent politician |votes=361 |percentage=6.10% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Indro Pariat |party=Independent politician |votes=148 |percentage=2.50% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,165 |percentage=19.69% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=5,916 |percentage=73.30% |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 8,233 |ref = |change= }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner=All Party Hill Leaders Conference |loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
*[[List of constituencies of the Meghalaya Legislative Assembly]]
*[[Jowai]]
*[[Shillong (Lok Sabha constituency)]]
*[[West Jaintia Hills district]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Meghalaya}}

{{coord|25.45|92.2|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Meghalaya]]
[[Category:West Jaintia Hills district]]
[[Category:Politics of Meghalaya]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1972]]
[[Category:1972 establishments in Meghalaya]]

Budhni Assembly constituency

2026-04-14T03:54:08Z

ErmelindaDez: starting new entry added tags

{{Short description|Constituency of the Madhya Pradesh legislative assembly in India}}
{{for|the town in [[Madhya Pradesh]]|Budhni}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2025}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Budhni
| type = SLA
| constituency_no = 156
| map_image = 156-Budhni.svg
| mla = [[Ramakant Bhargava]]
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| latest_election_year = [[2023 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
| preceded_by = [[Shivraj Singh Chouhan]]
| state = [[Madhya Pradesh]]
| district = [[Sehore district|Sehore]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Vidisha Lok Sabha constituency|Vidisha]]
| established = 1957
| reservation = None
| incumbent_image =
}}

'''Budhni''' Assembly constituency is one of the 230 [[Madhya Pradesh Vidhan Sabha|Vidhan Sabha]] (Legislative Assembly) constituencies of [[Madhya Pradesh]] state in central [[India]]. It is a segment of [[Vidisha Lok Sabha constituency|Vidisha (Lok Sabha constituency)]]. Budhni (constituency number 156) is one of the 4 Vidhan Sabha constituencies located in [[Sehore district]].<ref name="election2014">{{Cite web |url=http://ceomadhyapradesh.nic.in/DACList.aspx |title=District/Assembly List |publisher=Office of the Chief Electoral Officer Madhya Pradesh |access-date=27 May 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151201083311/http://ceomadhyapradesh.nic.in/(S(4ftawu55w1soru45gswzuz55))/DACList.aspx# |archive-date=2015-12-01 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="election2018">{{cite web|title=List of Assembly Constituencies|url=http://eci.nic.in/archive/se98/background/S12/ListACs-MP.html|website=eci.nic.in|publisher=Election Commission of India|access-date=18 May 2018}}</ref><ref name="delimitation2007">{{cite web |url=https://ceomadhyapradesh.nic.in/Delimitation/Final%20Notification.pdf |title=Delimitation Commission Order No. 38 dated 19th January, 2007|access-date= 9 December 2020}}</ref>

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==

=== Bhopal Legislative Assembly ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Election
!Name
!colspan=2|Party
|-
| [[1952 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1952]]
| Lakshmi Narayan
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|}

=== Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Election
!Name
!colspan=2|Party
|-
| [[1957 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1957]]
| Rajkumari Suraj Kala
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1962 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1962]]
| Bansi Dhar
| {{Full party name with color|Independent (politician)}}
|-
| [[1967 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
| Mohan Lal Shishir
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Jana Sangh|rowspan=3}}
|-
| [[1972 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1972]]
| rowspan=2|Shaligram Vakil
|-
| [[1977 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1977]]
|-
| [[1980 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1980]]
| [[K. N. Pradhan]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[1985 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1985]]
| Chauhan Singh
|-
| [[1990 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1990]]
| [[Shivraj Singh Chouhan]]
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
| 1992*
| Mohan Lal Shishir
|-
| [[1993 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1993]]
| [[Raj Kumar Patel]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[1998 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1998]]
| Dev Kumar Patel
|-
| [[2003 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2003]]
| Rajendra Singh
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=7}}
|-
| 2006*
| rowspan="5" |[[Shivraj Singh Chouhan]]
|-
| [[2008 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2008]]
|-
| [[2013 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2013]]
|-
| [[2018 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2018]]<ref name="election2018"/>
|-
| [[2023 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2023]]<ref name=election2023>{{cite web |url=https://www.eci.gov.in/mp-legislative-election-2023-statistical-report |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2023 to the Legislative Assembly of Madhya Pradesh |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=26 January 2023 |url-access=limited}}</ref>
|-
| 2024*
| |[[Ramakant Bhargava]]
|}

* *By Poll

==Election results==
===2024 bypoll===
{{Election box begin | title= [[2024 elections in India#Madhya Pradesh|Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly by-election 2024]]: Budhni<ref name="Budhni Assembly By Poll 2024">{{cite news |last1=Election Commission of India |title=Budhni Assembly By Poll 2024 |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcByeNov2024/candidateswise-S12156.htm |access-date=25 November 2024 |date=23 November 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241125155155/https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcByeNov2024/candidateswise-S12156.htm |archive-date=25 November 2024}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|candidate = [[Ramakant Bhargava]]
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = 1,07,478
|percentage = 50.32
|change = {{down}}20.38
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = [[Raj Kumar Patel]]
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = 93,577
|percentage = 43.82
|change = {{up}}18.11
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = [[None of the Above]]
|party = None of the above (India)
|votes = 463
|percentage = 0.22
|change = {{down}}0.51
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = 13,901
|percentage = 6.50
|change = {{down}}38.49
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 2,13,568
|percentage = 77.07
|change = {{down}}7.79
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = BJP
|loser = INC
|swing = {{down}}20.38
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2023 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2023 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Budhni<ref name="election2018" name="election2018-1">{{cite web |url=https://ceomadhyapradesh.nic.in/Election2018/Result%20Booklet%20AE%202018%20v6.pdf |title=2018 Vidhan Sabha Elections Result Book of Madhya Pradesh |access-date= 21 November 2020}}</ref><ref name="election2023"/>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Shivraj Singh Chouhan]]
|votes = {{formatnum:164951}}
|percentage = 70.7
|change = {{increase}}10.45
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Vikram Mastal Sharma
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = {{formatnum:59977}}
|percentage = 25.71
|change = {{decrease}}5.76
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Dinesh Azad
|party = Azad Samaj Party (Kanshi Ram)
|votes = {{formatnum:2363}}
|percentage = 1.01
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:1700}}
|percentage = 0.73
|change = {{decrease}}0.13
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:104974}}
|percentage = 44.99
|change = {{increase}}16.21
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:233314}}
|percentage = 85.18
|change = {{increase}}1.54
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing = {{up}}10.45
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2018 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2018 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Budhni<ref name="election2018" name="election2018-2">{{cite web |url=https://ceomadhyapradesh.nic.in/Election2018/Result%20Booklet%20AE%202018%20v6.pdf |title=2018 Vidhan Sabha Elections Result Book of Madhya Pradesh |access-date= 21 November 2020}}</ref><ref name="election2018"/>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Shivraj Singh Chouhan]]
|votes = {{formatnum:123492}}
|percentage = 60.25
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = [[Arun Subhashchandra Yadav]]
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = {{formatnum:64493}}
|percentage = 31.47
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Revaram Sallam
|party = Gondwana Ganatantra Party
|votes = {{formatnum:8152}}
|percentage = 3.98
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:1764}}
|percentage = 0.86
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:58999}}
|percentage = 28.78
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:204950}}
|percentage = 83.64
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing = {{down}}9.74
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2013===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2013 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Budhni}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Shivraj Singh Chouhan]]
|votes = 1,28,730
|percentage = 69.99
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|
|candidate = Dr. Mahendra Singh Chouhan
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = 43,925
|percentage = 23.88
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate
|
|candidate = Brijesh Kumar
|party = PRSP
|votes = 2,393
|percentage = 1.30
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|
|candidate = Balram Yadav
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|votes = 2,096
|percentage = 1.14
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Sursari Prasad
|votes = 1,707
|percentage = 0.93
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|
|candidate = [[None of the above|None of the Above]]
|party = None of the above
|votes = 2,247
|percentage = 1.22
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|
|votes = 84,805
|percentage = 46.11
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|
|votes = 1,83,939
|percentage = 80.18
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2008===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2008 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Budhni}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Shivraj Singh Chouhan]]
|votes = 75,828
|percentage = 62.15
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|
|candidate = Mahesh Singh Rajput
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = 34,303
|percentage = 28.12
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|
|candidate = Vijay Kumar
|party = Independent (politician)
|votes = 2,568
|percentage = 2.10
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|
|candidate = Ram Singh Choudhary
|party = Lok Janshakti Party
|votes = 1,729
|percentage = 1.42
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Manoj Kumar Rajak
|votes = 1,416
|percentage = 1.16
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|
|votes = 41,525
|percentage = 34.03
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|
|votes = 1,22,007
|percentage = 72.59
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2006 bypoll===
{{Election box begin | title=2006 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly by-election: Budhni }}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Shivraj Singh Chouhan]]
|votes = 66,689
|percentage = 59.07
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[Raj Kumar Patel]]
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = 30,164
|percentage = 26.72
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Gulzar Singh Markam
|party = Gondwana Ganatantra Party
|votes = 7,900
|percentage = 7.00
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Santosh Gaur
|party = Independent (politician)
|votes = 2,085
|percentage = 1.85
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Ram Neta
|votes = 1,284
|percentage = 1.14
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 36,525
|percentage = 32.35
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 1,12,889
|percentage = 64.57
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2003===
* Rajendra Singh (BJP): 58,052 votes<ref name="elections2003">{{cite web|url=https://www.elections.in/madhya-pradesh/assembly-constituencies/2003-election-results.html|website=elections.in|title=Madhya Pradesh Assembly Election Results in 2003|access-date=2020-06-18}}</ref>
* Rajkumar Patel (INC): 47,616

===1957===
* Rajkumari Surajkala (INC): 9,672 votes<ref name="elections1957">{{cite web|url=https://www.elections.in/madhya-pradesh/assembly-constituencies/1957-election-results.html|website=elections.in|title=Madhya Pradesh Assembly Election Results in 1957|access-date=2020-06-27}}</ref>
* Mathura Prasad (IND): 8,967

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{Cite web |url=http://www.elections.in/madhya-pradesh/assembly-constituencies/budhni.html |title=Budhni (Madhya Pradesh) Assembly Constituency |publisher=Elections.in |access-date=27 May 2014}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Madhya Pradesh}}
{{coord|22.78|77.68|display=title}}

[[Category:Sehore district]]
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Politics of Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1957]]
[[Category:1957 establishments in Madhya Pradesh]]

Bhanjanagar Assembly constituency

2026-04-14T03:53:58Z

ErmelindaDez: adding new details

{{Short description|Constituency of the Odisha legislative assembly in India}}
{{About| the assembly constituency|its eponymous town|Bhanjanagar}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2021}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Bhanjanagar
| state = [[Odisha]]
| constituency_no = 123
| type = SLA
| map_image = 123-Bhanjanagar.svg
| map_caption = Bhanjanagar Assembly constituency in [[Ganjam district]]
| map_alt =
| division = Southern Division
| district = [[Ganjam district|Ganjam]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Kandhamal (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kandhamal]]
| established = 1957
| reservation = None
| incumbent_image =
| mla = [[Pradyumna Kumar Nayak]]
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| latest_election_year = [[2024 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2024]]
| electors = 2,39,901{{efn|as on 2024}}{{efn|as data published by election commission}}
}}

'''Bhanjanagar''' is a [[Odisha Legislative Assembly|Vidhan Sabha]] [[List of constituencies of Odisha Vidhan Sabha|constituency]] of [[Ganjam district]].<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=283&cid=123 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20131219154330/http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=283&cid=123 |url-status= usurped |archive-date= 19 December 2013 |title=Bhanjanagar Assembly Election 2009, Orissa |work=empoweringindia.org |quote=Constituency: Bhanjanagar (123) District : Ganjam |accessdate=25 May 2013}}</ref> Following 2008 delimitation, [[Jaganathprasad Assembly constituency]] was subsumed into this constituency.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Election Commission of India |url=http://archive.org/details/delimitation-2008 |title=2008 Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order of India |date=2008-11-26}}</ref>

Area of this constituency includes 22 Gram panchayat (From 141 villages) and 2 blocks namely (Bhanjanagar block) [[Bhanjanagar]], (Jagannathaprasad block) [[Jagannath Prasad, Ganjam]].<ref>[http://eci.nic.in/delim/Final_Publications/Orissa/orissa.pdf Assembly Constituencies and their Extent]</ref><ref>[http://eci.nic.in/delim/paper1to7/Orissa.xls Seats of Odisha]</ref>

==Elected members==
{{bar box
|float=right
|title= Vote share of winning candidates<ref>{{cite web |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/electionanalysis/AE/S18/partycomp66.htm|title= 66 - Bhanjanagar Assembly Constituency|work=eci.nic.in |year=2006 |quote=List Of Winning Candidates |accessdate= 27 March 2014}}</ref>
|titlebar=#ddd
|width=300px
|barwidth=275px
|bars=
{{bar percent|2024|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}|51.06}}
{{bar percent|2019|{{party color|Biju Janata Dal}}|48.56}}
{{bar percent|2014|{{party color|Biju Janata Dal}}|56.21}}
{{bar percent|2009|{{party color|Biju Janata Dal}}|76.50}}
{{bar percent|2004|{{party color|Biju Janata Dal}}|52.71}}
{{bar percent|2000|{{party color|Biju Janata Dal}}|54.69}}
{{bar percent|1995|{{party color|Janata Dal}}|48.15}}
{{bar percent|1990|{{party color|Janata Dal}}|63.86}}
{{bar percent|1985|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|57.43}}
{{bar percent|1980|{{party color|Indian National Congress (I)}}|46.48}}
{{bar percent|1977|{{party color|Janata Party}}|58.12}}
}}

Since its formation in 1957, 16 elections were held till date. It was a 2-member constituency in 1957.

List of members elected from Bhanjanagar constituency are:<ref>{{cite web |url=http://orissa.gov.in/e-magazine/orissaannualreference/ORA-2011/pdf/453-501.pdf |title=Odisha Reference Annual – 2011: List of Members of Odisha Legislative Assembly (1951–2004) |accessdate=2014-02-20 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131217121136/http://orissa.gov.in/e-magazine/orissaannualreference/ORA-2011/pdf/453-501.pdf |archivedate=2013-12-17 }}</ref>
{|class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Year
!Member
!colspan=2|Party
|-
|[[2024 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2024]]<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Bhanjanagar Assembly Election Results 2024: Bhanjanagar Election Candidates List, Election Date, Vote Share - IndiaToday |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/assembly/odisha/bhanjanagar-constituency-result-18123 |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>
|[[Pradyumna Kumar Nayak]]
|{{party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|[[2019 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2019]]<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Bhanjanagar Assembly Constituency Election Result - Legislative Assembly Constituency |url=https://resultuniversity.com/election/bhanjanagar-odisha-assembly-constituency |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=resultuniversity.com}}</ref>
| rowspan="6" |[[Bikram Keshari Arukha]]
|{{party name with colour|rowspan=5|Biju Janata Dal}}
|-
|[[2014 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2014]]<ref name=":2" />
|-
|[[2009 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2009]]<ref name=":3" />
|-
|[[2004 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2004]]
|-
|[[2000 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2000]]
|-
|[[1995 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1995]]
|{{party name with colour|rowspan=2|Janata Dal}}
|-
|[[1990 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1990]]
|Ramakrushna Gouda
|-
|[[1985 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1985]]
|Umakanta Mishra
|{{full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[1980 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1980]]
|Somanath Rath
|{{full party name with color|Indian National Congress (I)|dab=yes}}
|-
|[[1977 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1977]]
|J.Subharao Prusty
|{{full party name with color|Janata Party}}
|-
|[[1974 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1974]]
| rowspan="2" |Somanath Rath
|{{full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[1971 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1971]]
|{{full party name with color|Indian National Congress (R)|dab=yes}}
|-
|[[1967 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
|Dinabandhu Behera
|{{full party name with color|rowspan=2|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[1961 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1961]]
|Maguni Charan Pradhan
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[1957 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1957]]{{efn|It was a 2 member constituency}}
|Suma Naik
|{{full party name with color|rowspan=2|Communist Party of India}}
|-
|Govind Pradhan
|}

== Election results ==

=== 2024 ===
Voting were held on 20 May 2024 in 2nd phase of Odisha Assembly Election & 5th phase of Indian General Election. Counting of votes was on 4 June 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |title=General Election to Legislative Assembly of Odisha 2024 |url=https://elections24.eci.gov.in/election-details-odisa.html |website=[[Election Commission of India|ECI]]}}</ref> In 2024 election, [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] candidate [[Pradyumna Kumar Nayak]] defeated [[Biju Janata Dal]] candidate [[Bikram Keshari Arukha]] by a margin of 16,324 votes.<ref name=":0" />

{{Election box begin
|title= [[2024 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2024 Odisha Vidhan Sabha Election]], Bhanjanagar}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Pradyumna Kumar Nayak]]
|votes = 83,822
|percentage = 51.06
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Biju Janata Dal
|candidate = [[Bikram Keshari Arukha]]
|votes = 67,498
|percentage = 41.11
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Prasanta Kumar Bisoyi
|votes = 5,136
|percentage = 3.13
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = None of the above
|candidate = None of the above
|votes = 1,941
|percentage = 1.18
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 16,324
|percentage = 9.95
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 1,64,171
|percentage = 68.43
|change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link no swing|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser = Biju Janata Dal
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2019 ===
In 2019 election, [[Biju Janata Dal]] candidate [[Bikram Keshari Arukha]] defeated [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] candidate [[Pradyumna Kumar Nayak]] by a margin of 9,103 votes.<ref name=":1" />

{{Election box begin | title=[[2019 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2019 Vidhan Sabha Election]], Bhanjanagar<ref name="SP Ass Cand">{{cite web |title=List of Contesting Candidates(Phase-II) (AC) |url=http://www.ceoorissa.nic.in/docs/Election/2019/Form7A/Phase2/List%20of%20Contesting%20Candidates%20%282nd%20Phase-AC%20Wise%29.pdf |website=ceoorissa.nic.in |publisher=Office of the Chief Electoral Officer, Odisha |accessdate=17 April 2019}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Biju Janata Dal
|candidate = [[Bikram Keshari Arukha]]
|votes = 76,879
|percentage = 48.56
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Pradyumna Kumar Nayak]]
|votes = 67,776
|percentage = 42.81
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Sanjay Kumar Tripathy
|votes = 7,069
|percentage = 4.47
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = None of the above
|candidate = None of the above
|votes = 1,441
|percentage = 0.91
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 9,103
|percentage = 5.75
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 1,58,302
|percentage = 68.72
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link no swing|
|winner = Biju Janata Dal
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2014 ===
In 2014 election, [[Biju Janata Dal]] candidate [[Bikram Keshari Arukha]] defeated [[Indian National Congress]] candidate Binayak Tripathy by a margin of 31,730 votes.<ref name=":2">{{cite web|title=Constituency Wise odisha Assembly Election result 2014|url=http://leadtech.in/infoelection/index.php/odisha/2604-constituency-wise-odisha-assembly-election-result.html|publisher=Leadtech.in|accessdate=18 June 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140818230907/http://leadtech.in/infoelection/index.php/odisha/2604-constituency-wise-odisha-assembly-election-result.html|archive-date=2014-08-18|url-status=dead}}</ref>

{{Election box begin
|title= [[2014 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2014 Vidhan Sabha Election]], Bhanjanagar}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Biju Janata Dal
|candidate = [[Bikram Keshari Arukha]]
|votes = 82,467
|percentage = 56.21
|change = {{down}}20.29
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Binayak Tripathy
|votes = 50,766
|percentage = 34.6
|change = {{up}}20.11
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Pradeep Kumar Sahu
|votes = 7,834
|percentage = 5.34
|change = {{up}}0.08
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = None of the above
|candidate = None of the above
|votes = 2,807
|percentage = 1.91
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 31,701
|percentage = 21.6
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 1,46,711
|percentage = 69.87
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link no swing|
|winner = Biju Janata Dal
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2009 ===
In 2009 election, [[Biju Janata Dal]] candidate [[Bikram Keshari Arukha]] defeated [[Indian National Congress]] candidate Debi Prasad Bisoyi by 73,367 votes.<ref name=":3">{{cite web |url=http://leadtech.in/infoelection/index.php/odisha/431-odisha-election-result-2009-votemargin.html |title=Orissa Election Result 2009 With Vote Margin |work=leadtech.in |quote=8971 |accessdate=19 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130527163949/http://leadtech.in/infoelection/index.php/odisha/431-odisha-election-result-2009-votemargin.html |archive-date=2013-05-27 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

{{Election box begin |
|title= 2009 Vidhan Sabha Election, Bhanjanagar<ref name=election2009>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3630-orissa-2009/ |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2009 to the LEgislative Assembly of Orissa |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date= 6 October 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Biju Janata Dal
|candidate = [[Bikram Keshari Arukha]]
|votes = 90,515
|percentage = 76.50
|change = ''-''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Debi Prasad Bisoyi
|votes = 17,148
|percentage = 14.49
|change = ''-''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Shibananda Tripathy
|votes = 6,228
|percentage = 5.26
|change = ''-''
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 73,367
|percentage = 62.01
|change = ''-''
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 1,18,328
|percentage = 59.93
|change = ''-''
}}
{{Election box hold with party link no swing|
|winner = Biju Janata Dal
}}
{{Election box end}}

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Ganjam district}}
{{Assembly constituencies of Odisha}}
{{coord|19.93|84.58|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Odisha]]
[[Category:Politics of Ganjam district]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1957]]
[[Category:1957 establishments in Orissa]]

Harapanahalli Assembly constituency

2026-04-14T03:48:43Z

ErmelindaDez: Put up initial details w/ sources

{{short description|Legislative Assembly constituency in Karnataka State, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2021}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Harapanahalli
| type = SLA
| constituency_no = 104
| map_image = 104-Harapanahalli constituency.svg
| mla = [[Latha Mallikarjun]]
| party = [[Independent politician|Independent]]
| latest_election_year = [[2023 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
| preceded_by = [[G. Karunakara Reddy]]
| state = [[Karnataka]]
| district = [[Vijayanagara district|Vijayanagara]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Davanagere (Lok Sabha constituency)|Davanagere]]
| established = 1956
| reservation = None
| electors = {{formatnum:217175}}<ref name=election2023>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/15163-karnataka-2023/ |title=Karnataka Legislative Assembly Election - 2023 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |website=eci.gov.in |access-date=24 July 2023}}</ref>{{update after|2028|7}}
}}

'''Harapanahalli Assembly constituency''' is one of the 224 [[Karnataka Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]] constituencies of [[Karnataka]] in [[India]].<ref name=electors2019>{{cite web |url=https://www.ceokarnataka.kar.nic.in/PCELE2019/GE2019_VOTERS_COUNT.pdf |title=Karnataka Loksabha Elections - 2019 - Voters Count |website=ceokarnataka.kar.nic.in |accessdate=10 February 2021 |archive-date=14 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414121135/https://www.ceokarnataka.kar.nic.in/PCELE2019/GE2019_VOTERS_COUNT.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>

It is part of [[Vijayanagara district]].Davangere district

==Members of the Legislative Assembly==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Election
! Member
! colspan=2|Party
|-
| bgcolor="#ABDADC" | [[1952 Madras State Legislative Assembly election|1952]] || Sirasappa Ijari || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| bgcolor="#FFF58A" rowspan="2" | [[1957 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election|1957]] || M. M. J. Sadyojathapaiah || {{Full party name with color|Praja Socialist Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
| M. Danappa
|-
| bgcolor="#FFF58A" | [[1962 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election|1962]] || Sirasappa Ijari || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=3}}
|-
| bgcolor="#FFF58A" | [[1967 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election|1967]] || Y. Nayak
|-
| bgcolor="#FFF58A" | [[1972 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election|1972]] || Dinarayanada
|-
| [[1978 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1978]] || D. Narayana Das || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress (I)}}
|-
| [[1983 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1983]] || rowspan="3" | B. H. Yanka Naik || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=3}}
|-
| [[1985 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1985]]
|-
| [[1989 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1989]]
|-
| [[1994 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1994]] || D. Narayana Das || {{Full party name with color|Independent politician}}
|-
| [[1999 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1999]] || rowspan="2" | [[P. T. Parameshwar Naik]] || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[2004 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|2004]]
|-
| [[2008 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|2008]] || [[G. Karunakara Reddy]] || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| [[2013 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|2013]] || [[M.P. Ravindra]] || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[2018 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|2018]] || [[G. Karunakara Reddy]] || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| [[2023 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|2023]] || [[Latha Mallikarjun]] || {{Full party name with color|Independent politician}}
|}

==Election results==
=== Assembly Election 2023 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[2023 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Harapanahalli <ref name=election2023/><ref name="Karnataka Assembly Elections 2023: Harapanahalli">{{cite news |title=Karnataka Assembly Elections 2023: Harapanahalli |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenMay2023/ConstituencywiseS10104.htm?ac=104 |access-date=11 May 2025 |work= |publisher=Election Commission of India |date=13 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250511180000/https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenMay2023/ConstituencywiseS10104.htm?ac=104 |archive-date=11 May 2025}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Latha Mallikarjun]] |party = Independent politician |votes = 70,194 |percentage = 39.56% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = [[G. Karunakara Reddy]] |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 56,349 |percentage = 31.76% |change = {{decrease}}8.38 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = N. Kotreshi |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 44,988 |percentage = 25.36% |change = {{decrease}}9.05 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = None of the above |party = None of the above |votes = 926 |percentage = 0.52% |change = {{decrease}}0.05 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 13,845 |percentage = 7.80% |change = {{increase}}2.07 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 177,646 |percentage = 81.80% |change = {{decrease}}0.87 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 177,425}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 217,175 |ref = |change = {{increase}}6.56 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Independent politician |loser = Bharatiya Janata Party |swing = {{decrease}}0.58 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 2018 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[2018 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Harapanahalli <ref name=election2018>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/6933-karnataka-2018/ |title=Karnataka Legislative Assembly Election - 2018 |website=Election Commission of India |accessdate= 4 February 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[G. Karunakara Reddy]] |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 67,603 |percentage = 40.14% |change = {{increase}}7.93 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = [[M.P. Ravindra]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 57,956 |percentage = 34.41% |change = {{decrease}}3.37 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Arasikere N. Kotresh |party = Janata Dal (Secular) |votes = 37,685 |percentage = 22.38% |change = {{increase}}20.86 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = None of the above |party = None of the above |votes = 954 |percentage = 0.57% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 9,647 |percentage = 5.73% |change = {{increase}}0.15 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 168,491 |percentage = 82.67% |change = {{increase}}1.38 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 168,414}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 203,812 |ref = |change = {{increase}}10.21 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party |loser = Indian National Congress |swing = {{increase}}2.36 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 2013 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[2013 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Harapanahalli <ref>{{cite web |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2013 : To the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2013/StatReports2013.pdf |website=eci.nic.in |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=2014-04-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131220034253/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2013/StatReports2013.pdf |archive-date=2013-12-20 |url-status=dead}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[M.P. Ravindra]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 56,954 |percentage = 37.78% |change = {{increase}}2.03 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = [[G. Karunakara Reddy]] |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 48,548 |percentage = 32.21% |change = {{decrease}}24.02 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = N. Kotreshi |party = Karnataka Janata Paksha |votes = 27,997 |percentage = 18.57% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Siraj Sheikh |party = Badavara Shramikara Raitara Congress |votes = 9,687 |percentage = 6.43% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = A. G. Viswanath |party = Janata Dal (Secular) |votes = 2,294 |percentage = 1.52% |change = {{decrease}}2.12 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Rudresha. K. H |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,279 |percentage = 0.85% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Kenchappa |party = Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 933 |percentage = 0.62% |change = {{decrease}}0.31 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 8,406 |percentage = 5.58% |change = {{decrease}}14.90 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 150,329 |percentage = 81.29% |change = {{increase}}0.56 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 150,743}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 184,938 |ref = |change = {{increase}}21.18 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Bharatiya Janata Party |swing = {{decrease}}18.45 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 2008 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[2008 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Harapanahalli <ref>{{cite web |title=General Election Karnataka Legislative Assembly 2008 Election Statistics |url=https://www.ceokarnataka.kar.nic.in/PDFS/Previous%20Elections/Election%20Statistics%202008%20Final.pdf |publisher=Government of Karnataka |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210201232433/https://www.ceokarnataka.kar.nic.in/PDFS/Previous%20Elections/Election%20Statistics%202008%20Final.pdf |archive-date=1 February 2021 |url-status=dead}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[G. Karunakara Reddy]] |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 69,235 |percentage = 56.23% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = M. P. Prakash |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 44,017 |percentage = 35.75% |change = {{decrease}}0.59 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = P. Ramanagouda |party = Janata Dal (Secular) |votes = 4,479 |percentage = 3.64% |change = {{decrease}}16.11 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = B. Hanumanthappa |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,690 |percentage = 1.37% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = H. M. Maheshwara Swamy |party = Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 1,147 |percentage = 0.93% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Hosalli Mallesh |party = Communist Party of India |votes = 1,086 |percentage = 0.88% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 25,218 |percentage = 20.48% |change = {{increase}}12.87 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 123,201 |percentage = 80.73% |change = {{increase}}12.79 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 123,133}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 152,613 |ref = |change = {{decrease}}1.26 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party |loser = Indian National Congress |swing = {{increase}}19.89 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 2004 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[2004 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Harapanahalli <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2004 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2004/StatisticalReports_KT_2004.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006204912/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2004/StatisticalReports_KT_2004.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[P. T. Parameshwar Naik]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 38,158 |percentage = 36.34% |change = {{increase}}2.38 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = D. Narayana Das |party = Independent politician |votes = 30,164 |percentage = 28.73% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Naik. M. P |party = Janata Dal (Secular) |votes = 20,734 |percentage = 19.75% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Srikrishna S. Alias T. Nallappa |party = Janata Dal (United) |votes = 6,157 |percentage = 5.86% |change = {{decrease}}8.27 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Bhavanimatha Mukunda Rao |party = Janata Party |votes = 4,332 |percentage = 4.13% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Lokamma. K |party = Independent politician |votes = 2,962 |percentage = 2.82% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Rukminamma. P. T |party = Kannada Nadu Party |votes = 2,496 |percentage = 2.38% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 7,994 |percentage = 7.61% |change = {{decrease}}4.19 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 105,010 |percentage = 67.94% |change = {{decrease}}4.90 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 105,003}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 154,558 |ref = |change = {{increase}}15.86 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = {{increase}}2.38 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1999 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1999 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Harapanahalli <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1999 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1999/StatisticalReport-KT99.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006053217/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1999/StatisticalReport-KT99.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[P. T. Parameshwar Naik]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 30,316 |percentage = 33.96% |change = {{increase}}13.21 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = B. H. Yanka Naik |party = Independent politician |votes = 19,779 |percentage = 22.16% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = V. Thimmappa |party = Independent politician |votes = 13,578 |percentage = 15.21% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = D. Narayana Das |party = Janata Dal (United) |votes = 12,616 |percentage = 14.13% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = S. Sreekrishna (Nallappa) |party = Independent politician |votes = 12,011 |percentage = 13.45% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Haleshi. A. K |party = Independent politician |votes = 970 |percentage = 1.09% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 10,537 |percentage = 11.80% |change = {{increase}}6.72 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 97,173 |percentage = 72.84% |change = {{increase}}3.03 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 89,270}}
{{Election box rejected |votes = 7,784 |percentage = 8.01% |change = {{increase}}5.46 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 133,401 |ref = |change = {{increase}}7.51 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Independent politician |swing = {{increase}}8.14 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1994 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1994 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Harapanahalli <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1994 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1994/StatisticalReport-KT94.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006211324/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1994/StatisticalReport-KT94.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = D. Narayana Das |party = Independent politician |votes = 21,798 |percentage = 25.82% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = B. H. Yanka Naik |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 17,514 |percentage = 20.75% |change = {{decrease}}29.38 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = V. Thimmappa |party = Independent politician |votes = 15,752 |percentage = 18.66% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = R. Chandra Naik |party = Janata Dal |votes = 13,784 |percentage = 16.33% |change = {{decrease}}27.91 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = V. N. Jayaram |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 10,217 |percentage = 12.10% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = K. Yanka Naik |party = Karnataka Pradesh Congress Committee |votes = 4,784 |percentage = 5.67% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 4,284 |percentage = 5.08% |change = {{decrease}}0.81 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 86,618 |percentage = 69.81% |change = {{increase}}1.16 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 84,412}}
{{Election box rejected |votes = 2,206 |percentage = 2.55% |change = {{decrease}}4.76 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 124,084 |ref = |change = {{increase}}7.51 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Independent politician |loser = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}24.31 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1989 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1989 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Harapanahalli <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1989 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1989/Statistical%20Report%20karnataka%201989.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101007070737/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1989/Statistical%20Report%20karnataka%201989.pdf|archive-date=7 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = B. H. Yanka Naik |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 36,818 |percentage = 50.13% |change = {{increase}}2.08 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = R. Chandra Naik |party = Janata Dal |votes = 32,492 |percentage = 44.24% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = B. H. Durugappa |party = Janata Party |votes = 3,653 |percentage = 4.97% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = K. Uchangeppa |party = Independent politician |votes = 476 |percentage = 0.65% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 4,326 |percentage = 5.89% |change = {{decrease}}3.23 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 79,227 |percentage = 68.65% |change = {{decrease}}1.40 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 73,439}}
{{Election box rejected |votes = 5,788 |percentage = 7.31% |change = {{increase}}5.17 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 115,411 |ref = |change = {{increase}}30.16 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = {{increase}}2.08 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1985 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1985 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Harapanahalli <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1985 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/Statistical%20Report%20Karnataka%201985.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006143216/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/Statistical%20Report%20Karnataka%201985.pdf |archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = B. H. Yanka Naik |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 29,206 |percentage = 48.05% |change = {{decrease}}8.58 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = D. Narayana Das |party = Janata Party |votes = 23,662 |percentage = 38.93% |change = {{increase}}8.86 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = B. Y. Nemya Naik |party = Independent politician |votes = 7,153 |percentage = 11.77% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Sangeeta Vidwan Sanna Hanumanthappa Ittigudi |party = Independent politician |votes = 498 |percentage = 0.82% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 5,544 |percentage = 9.12% |change = {{decrease}}17.44 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 62,114 |percentage = 70.05% |change = {{increase}}2.10 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 60,782}}
{{Election box rejected |votes = 1,332 |percentage = 2.14% |change = {{decrease}}0.74 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 88,669 |ref = |change = {{increase}}13.29 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}8.58 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1983 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1983 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Harapanahalli <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1983 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1983/Statistical%20Report%201983%20karnatkaa.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101007124742/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1983/Statistical%20Report%201983%20karnatkaa.pdf |archive-date=7 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = B. H. Yanka Naik |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 29,249 |percentage = 56.63% |change = {{increase}}48.42 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = D. Seelya Naik |party = Janata Party |votes = 15,532 |percentage = 30.07% |change = {{decrease}}9.80 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = D. Narayana Das |party = Independent politician |votes = 6,871 |percentage = 13.30% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 13,717 |percentage = 26.56% |change = {{increase}}14.50 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 53,182 |percentage = 67.95% |change = {{decrease}}4.06 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 51,652}}
{{Election box rejected |votes = 1,530 |percentage = 2.88% |change = {{decrease}}0.49 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 78,268 |ref = |change = {{increase}}7.76 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Indian National Congress (I) |swing = {{increase}}4.70 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1978 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1978 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Harapanahalli <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1978 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/Statistical%20Report%20Karnataka%201978.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101007164123/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/Statistical%20Report%20Karnataka%201978.pdf |archive-date=7 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = D. Narayana Das |party = Indian National Congress (I) |votes = 26,244 |percentage = 51.93% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = B. Y. Nemya Naik |party = Janata Party |votes = 20,151 |percentage = 39.87% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = B. H. Yanka Naik |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 4,147 |percentage = 8.21% |change = {{decrease}}52.12 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 6,093 |percentage = 12.06% |change = {{decrease}}11.81 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 52,303 |percentage = 72.01% |change = {{increase}}12.54 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 50,542}}
{{Election box rejected |votes = 1,761 |percentage = 3.37% |change = {{increase}}3.37 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 72,632 |ref = |change = {{decrease}}10.21 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Indian National Congress (I) |loser = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}8.40 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1972 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1972 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election]] : Harapanahalli <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1972 to the Legislative Assembly of Mysore |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatisRep_Mysore_72.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006074555/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatisRep_Mysore_72.pdf |archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Dinarayanada |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 28,033 |percentage = 60.33% |change = {{increase}}0.19 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = B. Y. Nemya Naik |party = Indian National Congress (Organisation) |votes = 16,939 |percentage = 36.45% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = T. Naliappa |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,496 |percentage = 3.22% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 11,094 |percentage = 23.87% |change = {{increase}}3.59 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 48,107 |percentage = 59.47% |change = {{increase}}2.81 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 46,468}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 80,893 |ref = |change = {{increase}}15.61 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = {{increase}}0.19 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1967 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1967 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election]] : Harapanahalli <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1967 to the Legislative Assembly of Mysore |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Mysore%201967.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006083645/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Mysore%201967.pdf |archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Y. Nayak |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 22,201 |percentage = 60.14% |change = {{increase}}3.33 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = V. Shivanna |party = Independent politician |votes = 14,716 |percentage = 39.86% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 7,485 |percentage = 20.28% |change = {{increase}}6.66 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 39,645 |percentage = 56.66% |change = {{decrease}}23.33 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 36,917}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 69,971 |ref = |change = {{increase}}5.76 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = {{increase}}3.33 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1962 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1962 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election]] : Harapanahalli <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1962 to the Legislative Assembly of Mysore |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Mysore_1962.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006093153/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Mysore_1962.pdf |archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Sirasappa Ijari |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 28,440 |percentage = 56.81% |change = {{increase}}9.59 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Sanganna Mudenur |party = Praja Socialist Party |votes = 21,620 |percentage = 43.19% |change = {{decrease}}9.59 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 6,820 |percentage = 13.62% |change = {{increase}}10.40 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 52,924 |percentage = 79.99% |change = {{increase}}13.70 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 50,060}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 66,160 |ref = |change = {{decrease}}38.04 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Praja Socialist Party |swing = {{increase}}29.58 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1957 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1957 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election]] : Harapanahalli <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1957 to the Legislative Assembly of Mysore |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_Mysore_1957.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120111195053/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_Mysore_1957.pdf |archive-date=11 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = M. M. J. Sadyojathapaiah |party = Praja Socialist Party |votes = 38,550 |percentage = 27.23% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = M. Danappa |party = Praja Socialist Party |votes = 36,162 |percentage = 25.55% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Sirasappa Ijari |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 33,988 |percentage = 24.01% |change = {{decrease}}27.12 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = M. Muniya Naik |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 32,860 |percentage = 23.21% |change = {{decrease}}27.92 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 4,562 |percentage = 3.22% |change = {{increase}}0.97 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 141,560 |percentage = 66.29% |change = {{decrease}}0.21 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 141,560}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 106,777 |ref = |change = {{increase}}37.39 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Praja Socialist Party |loser = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}23.90 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1952 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1952 Madras State Legislative Assembly election]] : Harapanahalli <ref>{{cite web| last = Election Commission of India| title=Statistical Report on General Election 1951 : To the Legislative Assembly of Madras| url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/STATISTICALREPORTS_51_MADRAS.pdf| access-date=2014-10-14|archive-date=27 January 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130127201450/https://eci.gov.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/STATISTICALREPORTS_51_MADRAS.pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Sirasappa Ijari |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 26,425 |percentage = 51.13% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = K. B. R. Kotra Goud |party = Independent politician |votes = 25,261 |percentage = 48.87% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 1,164 |percentage = 2.25% |change = }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 51,686 |percentage = 66.50% |change = }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 51,686}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 77,721 |ref = |change = }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = }}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[List of constituencies of the Karnataka Legislative Assembly]]
* [[Vijayanagara district]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Karnataka}}

[[Category:Davanagere district]]
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Karnataka]]
[[Category:Politics of Karnataka]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1956]]
[[Category:1956 establishments in Mysore State]]
{{coord|14.79|75.99|display=title}}

Chilakaluripet Assembly constituency

2026-04-14T03:20:58Z

ErmelindaDez: starting initial article first draft

{{Short description|Constituency of the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Chilakaluripet
| map_image = Legislative Assembly constituencies of Andhra Pradesh (96- highlighted).png
| map_caption = Location of Chilakaluripet Assembly constituency within Andhra Pradesh
| mla = [[Prathipati Pulla Rao]]
| party = {{Party index link|Telugu Desam Party}}
| alliance = {{Party index link|National Democratic Alliance}}
| latest_election_year = [[2024 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2024]]
| state = [[Andhra Pradesh]]
| district = [[Palnadu district|Palnadu]]<ref>{{Cite web
|url= https://palnadu.ap.gov.in/subdivision-blocks/
|title= Mandals
|website= palnadu.ap.gov.in
|access-date=2025-08-25
}}</ref>
| loksabha_cons = [[Narasaraopet Lok Sabha constituency|Narasaraopet]]
| reservation = None
| established = 1951
| electors = 2,26,867<ref name="electors">{{cite web|url=https://www.eci.gov.in/andhra-pradesh-legislative-assembly-election-2024|title=AC Wise Number of Electors|date=2024|website=Election Commission of India}}</ref>
| type = SLA
| constituency_no = 96
}}

'''Chilakaluripet Assembly constituency''' is a constituency in [[Palnadu district]] of [[Andhra Pradesh]] that elects representatives to the [[Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] in [[India]].<ref>{{Cite web
|url= https://chanakyya.com/Assembly-Details/AndhraPradesh/Chilakaluripet
|title= Assembly Constituency Details Chilakaluripet
|website=chanakyya.com
|access-date=2025-07-28
}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://ceoandhra.nic.in/ceoap_new/ceo/documents/Electors_Summary%20_25.03.2019.pdf|title=Electors Summary|date=25 May 2019|website=Chief Electoral Officer, Andhra Pradesh|format=PDF|access-date=24 May 2019}}</ref> It is one of the seven assembly segments of [[Narasaraopet Lok Sabha constituency]].<ref name="constituencies">{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf|title=Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008|date=17 December 2018|website=The Election Commission of India|pages=22, 31|format=PDF|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181003220916/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf|archive-date=3 October 2018|url-status=dead|access-date=24 May 2019}}</ref>

[[Prathipati Pulla Rao]] is the current [[Member of Legislative Assembly|MLA]] of the constituency, having won the [[2024 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]] from [[Telugu Desam Party]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://results.eci.gov.in/ac/en/constituencywise/ConstituencywiseS011.htm|title=Assembly Election 2019|website=Election Commission of India|access-date=24 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190524074223/http://results.eci.gov.in/ac/en/constituencywise/ConstituencywiseS011.htm|archive-date=24 May 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref> As of 2024, there are a total of 2,26,867 electors in the constituency.<ref name="electors"/> The constituency was established in 1951, as per the ''Delimitation Orders (1951)''.<ref name=delimitation1951>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3968-dpaco-1951/ |title=The Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 1951 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |date=23 August 1951 |access-date=13 October 2021}}</ref>

== Mandals ==
{{srn}}
{|class="wikitable sortable static-row-numbers static-row-header-hash"
!Mandal
|-
| Nadendla
|-
| [[Chilakaluripet mandal|Chilakaluripet]]
|-
| Edlapudu
|}

<mapframe text="Mandals in Chilakaluripet Assembly Constituency" width=300 height=300 align=center >{ "type": "ExternalData", "service": "geoshape", "ids": "Q24939684,Q59204875,Q59204962"}</mapframe>

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Member
! colspan="2" | Political party
|-
| [[1952 Madras Legislative Assembly election|1952]]
| [[Karnam Ranga Rao]]
| {{Full party name with color| Communist Party of India}}
|-
| [[1967 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
| [[Kandimalla Butchaiah]]
| {{Full party name with color|Swatantra Party}}
|-
| [[1972 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1972]]
| [[Bobbala Satyanarayana]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1978 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1978]]
| [[Somepalli Sambaiah]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress (I)}}" |
| [[Indian National Congress (I)]]
|-
| [[1983 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1983]]
| [[Kaza Krishna Murthy]]
| {{Full party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
|-
| [[1985 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1985]]
| Somepalli Sambaiah
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1989 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1989]]
| [[Kandimalla Jayamma]]
| {{Full party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
|-
| [[1994 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1994]]
| Somepalli Sambaiah
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1999 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1999]]
| [[Prathipati Pulla Rao]]
| {{Full party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
|-
| [[2004 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2004]]
| [[Marri Rajasekhar]]
| {{Full party name with color|Independent politician}}
|-
| [[2009 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2009]]
| rowspan = 2| Prathipati Pulla Rao
| {{Full party name with color|Telugu Desam Party| rowspan = 2}}
|-
| [[2014 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2014]]
|-
| [[2019 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2019]]
| [[Vidadala Rajini]]
| {{Full party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
|-
| [[2024 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2024]]
| Prathipati Pulla Rao
| {{Full party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
|}

==Election results==
=== 1952 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1952 Madras Legislative Assembly election]]: Chilakaluripet<ref>{{cite web | url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/STATISTICALREPORTS_51_MADRAS.pdf | title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1951 : To the Legislative Assembly of Madras | publisher=Election Commission of India | access-date=2014-10-14 |archive-date=27 January 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130127201450/https://eci.gov.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/STATISTICALREPORTS_51_MADRAS.pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Karnam Ranga Rao |party=Communist Party of India |votes=20,732 |percentage=45.67% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Balineni Nagaiah |party=Indian National Congress |votes=10,265 |percentage=22.61% |change=22.61% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Kalahasti Subba Rao |party=Krishikar Lok Party |votes=6,133 |percentage=13.51% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Nimmaraju Venkateswarlu |party=Kisan Mazdoor Praja Party |votes=4,723 |percentage=10.40% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Gudipudi Vandanam |party=Independent politician |votes=2,135 |percentage=4.70% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=K. Satyanarayana |party=Independent politician |votes=1,409 |percentage=3.10% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=10,467 |percentage=23.06% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=45,397 |percentage=59.79% |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 75,933 |change = }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner=Communist Party of India |loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

=== 1967 ===
{{Election box begin|title=[[1967 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Chilakaluripet<ref>{{Cite web | title= 1967 AP Assembly Election Results |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/4045-andhra-pradesh-1967/| access-date=30 Nov 2022 | website= Election Commission of India | language=en}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link||candidate=[[ Kandimalla Butchaiah]]|party= Swatantra Party |votes=29,899 |percentage=47.36% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[ V.Nuti]] |party= Indian National Congress |votes=29,227 |percentage=46.29% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=672 |percentage=1.06% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=66,143 |percentage=79.87% |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 82,812 |change = }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner= Swatantra Party ||loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

=== 1972 ===
{{Election box begin|title=[[1972 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Chilakaluripet<ref>{{Cite web | title= 1972 AP Assembly Election Results |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/4046-andhra-pradesh-1972/| access-date=30 Nov 2022 | website= Election Commission of India | language=en}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link||candidate=[[ Bobbala Satyanarayana]]|party= Indian National Congress |votes=37,856 |percentage=58.57% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[ Kandimalla Butchaiah]] |party= Swatantra Party |votes=26,780 |percentage=41.43% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=11,076 |percentage=17.14% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=66,241 |percentage=69.85% |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 94,832 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner= Indian National Congress |loser= Swatantra Party |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

=== 1978 ===
{{Election box begin|title=[[1978 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Chilakaluripet<ref>{{Cite web | title= 1978 AP Assembly Election Results |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/4047-andhra-pradesh-1978/| access-date=30 Nov 2022 | website= Election Commission of India | language=en}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link||candidate=[[Somepalli Sambaiah]]|party= Indian National Congress (I) |votes=42,392 |percentage=52.60% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[ Bhimireddy Subba Reddy]] |party= Janata Party |votes=24,929 |percentage=30.93% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Pavuluri Venkateswarlu]] |party= Indian National Congress |votes=11,726 |percentage=14.55% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Batchu Ramalingamu]] |party= Independent (politician) |votes=853 |percentage=1.06% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=17,463 |percentage=21.67% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=82,321 |percentage=70.93% |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 116,057 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link|winner= Indian National Congress (I) |loser= Indian National Congress |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

=== 1983 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1983 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Chilakaluripet<ref>{{Cite web | title= 1983 AP Assembly Election Results |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/4048-andhra-pradesh-1983/| access-date=30 Nov 2022 | website= Election Commission of India | language=en}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link||candidate = [[Krishna Murthy Kaza]]|party= Telugu Desam Party |votes=56,812 |percentage=63.86% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Somepalli Sambaiah]] |party= Indian National Congress |votes=31,146|percentage=36.14% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=24,666 |percentage=27.73% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=90,537 |percentage=69.01% |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 131,198 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner= Telugu Desam Party |loser= Indian National Congress (I) |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

=== 1985 ===
{{Election box begin|title=[[1985 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Chilakaluripet<ref>{{Cite web | title= 1985 AP Assembly Election Results |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/4049-andhra-pradesh-1985/| access-date=30 Nov 2022 | website= Election Commission of India | language=en}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link||candidate=[[ Somepalli Sambaiah]] |party= Indian National Congress |votes=49,397 |percentage=51.10% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Manam Venkateswarlu]] |party= Telugu Desam Party |votes=44,519|percentage=46.05% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=4,878|percentage=5.05% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=98,019 |percentage=72.53% |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 135,149 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner Indian National Congress |loser= Telugu Desam Party |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

=== 1989 ===
{{Election box begin|title=[[1989 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Chilakaluripet<ref>{{Cite web | title= 1989 AP Assembly Election Results |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/4050-andhra-pradesh-1989/| access-date=30 Nov 2022 | website= Election Commission of India | language=en}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link||candidate=[[Kandimalla Jayamma]]|party= Telugu Desam Party |votes=55,857 |percentage=49.84% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[ Somepalli Sambaiah]] |party= Indian National Congress |votes=54,908 |percentage=48.99% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=949 |percentage=0.85% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=112,991|percentage=67.43% |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 167,560|change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner= Telugu Desam Party |loser= Indian National Congress |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

=== 1994 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1994 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Chilakaluripet<ref>{{Cite web | title= 1994 AP Assembly Election Results |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/4051-andhra-pradesh-1994/| access-date=30 Nov 2022 | website= Election Commission of India | language=en}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link||candidate=[[Somepalli Sambaiah]]|party= Indian National Congress |votes=52,650 |percentage=48.02% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Malempati Venkata Narasimha Rao ]] |party= Telugu Desam Party |votes=52,519|percentage=47.90% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=131 |percentage=0.12% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=111,606 |percentage=65.45% |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 170,525|change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner= Indian National Congress |loser= Telugu Desam Party |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

=== 1999 ===
{{Election box begin|title=[[1999 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Chilakaluripet<ref>{{Cite web | title= 1999 AP Assembly Election Results |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/4052-andhra-pradesh-1999/| access-date=30 Nov 2022 | website= Election Commission of India | language=en}}</ref> }}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link||candidate=[[Prathipati Pulla Rao]]|party= Telugu Desam Party |votes=68,708|percentage=59.28% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate= [[Somepalli Sambaiah]] |party= Indian National Congress |votes=42,467 |percentage=36.64% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=26,241 |percentage=22.64% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=117,881 |percentage=64.29% |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 183,363|change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner= Telugu Desam Party |loser= Indian National Congress |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2004 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2004 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Chilakaluripet<ref>{{Cite web | title= 2004 AP Assembly Election Results |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/4053-andhra-pradesh-2004/| access-date=30 Nov 2022 | website= Election Commission of India | language=en}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = [[Marri Rajashekar]]
|votes = 59,214
|percentage = 45.87
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Telugu Desam Party
|candidate = [[Prathipati Pulla Rao]]
|votes = 59,002
|percentage = 45.70
|change = -13.58
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = [[Malladi Siva Narayana]]
|votes = 7838
|percentage = 6.30
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 212
|percentage = 0.17
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 124,725
|percentage = 73.68
|change = +10.44
}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 169,288|change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Independent (politician)
|loser = Telugu Desam Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2009 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2009 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Chilakaluripet<ref>{{Cite web | title= 2009 AP Assembly Election Results |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/4054-andhra-pradesh-2009/| access-date=30 Nov 2022 | website= Election Commission of India | language=en}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Telugu Desam Party
|candidate = [[Prathipati Pulla Rao]]
|votes = 77,399
|percentage = 49.98
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = [[Marri Rajashekar]]
|votes = 57,586
|percentage = 37.18
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Praja Rajyam Party
|candidate = [[Posani Krishna Murali]]
|votes = 14,201
|percentage = 9.17
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 19,813
|percentage = 12.80
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 154,864
|percentage = 81.86
|change = +8.18
}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 189,173|change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Telugu Desam Party
|loser = Independent (politician)
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2014 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2014 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Chilakaluripet<ref>{{Cite web | title= 2014 AP Assembly Election Results |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/4055-andhra-pradesh-2014/| access-date=30 Nov 2022 | website= Election Commission of India | language=en}}</ref><ref name="eci_2014">{{cite web |title=The Andhra Pradesh Gazette, Part-V Extraordinary |url=https://ceoandhra.nic.in/GE_2014/(GE,%202014)%20-%20DUE%20Constitution%20(APLA_ELECTED%20List).pdf |website=Chief Electoral Officer, Andhra Pradesh |access-date=13 June 2019 |location=Hyderabad |page=14 |format=PDF |date=20 May 2014}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Telugu Desam Party
|candidate = [[Prathipati Pulla Rao]]
|votes = 89,591
|percentage = 51.70
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = YSR Congress Party
|candidate = [[Marri Rajasekhar]]
|votes = 78,907
|percentage = 45.50
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 10,684
|percentage = 6.20
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 173,730
|percentage = 86.40
|change = +5.54
}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 201,214|change = }}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Telugu Desam Party
|loser =YSR Congress Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2019 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2019 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Chilakaluripet<ref>{{Cite web | title= AP 2019 Election Results |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/11673-andhra-pradesh-legislative-assembly-election-2019/| access-date=30 Nov 2022 | website= Election Commission of India | language=en}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link||party=YSR Congress Party|candidate=[[Vidadala Rajini]]|votes=94,430|percentage=50.2|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Telugu Desam Party|candidate=[[Prathipati Pulla Rao]]|votes=86,129|percentage=45.79|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Janasena Party|candidate=[[Nageswara Rao Gade]]|votes=2,958|percentage=1.57|change=}}
{{Election box majority||votes=8,301|percentage=4.43|change=}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=193,340|percentage=86.32%|change=}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 223,976|change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = YSR Congress Party
|loser = Telugu Desam Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2024 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2024 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Chilakaluripet}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Telugu Desam Party
|candidate = [[Prathipati Pulla Rao]]
|votes = 1,11,062
|percentage = 56.84
|change = {{increase}}11.05
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party=YSR Congress Party
|candidate=Kavati Siva Naga Manohar Naidu
|votes= 77,800
|percentage= 39.82
|change= {{decrease}}10.38
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Indian National Congress|candidate=Maddula Radha Krishna
|votes=2,270|percentage=1.16|change={{decrease}}0.38}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=NOTA|candidate=None Of The Above|votes=788|percentage=0.4|change={{increase}}0.08}}
{{Election box majority||votes=33,262|percentage=17.02|change={{increase}}12.59}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=1,95,400|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Telugu Desam Party
|loser = YSR Congress Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

== See also ==
* [[List of constituencies of Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}
{{Coord|16.09|80.16|display=title}}
{{Assembly constituencies of Andhra Pradesh}}
{{Palnadu district}}
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Palnadu district]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1951]]
[[Category:Politics of Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:1951 establishments in Madras State]]

Tenyiphe I

2026-04-03T04:38:47Z

ErmelindaDez:

{{Distinguish|Tenyiphe II}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Tenyiphe I
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| settlement_type = [[Village]] and [[Metropolitan area]]
| image =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| nickname =
| image_map1 =
| map_alt =
| map_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Nagaland#India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location of Tenyiphe-I
| coordinates =
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[Administrative divisions of India#Regions|Region]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Northeast India]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Nagaland]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Chümoukedima district|Chümoukedima District]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_footnotes =
| government_type =
| leader_party =
| leader_title =
| leader_name =
| leader_title1 =
| leader_name1 =
| total_type = 
| area_footnotes =
| area_magnitude = 
| area_total_km2 = 
| area_land_km2 = 
| area_water_km2 =
| area_water_percent =
| area_urban_km2 =
| area_metro_km2 =
| area_blank1_title =
| area_blank1_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes = 
| elevation_m =
| elevation_min_m =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_rank =
| population_total = 3037<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.censusindia2011.com/nagaland/dimapur/chumukedima/tenyiphe-i-population.html|title=Census of India 2011 – Tenyiphe-I data|website=www.censusindia.com|access-date=7 January 2023}}</ref>
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_footnotes =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_urban =
| population_density_urban_km2 =
| population_metro =
| population_density_metro_km2 =
| population_blank1_title = [[Demonym]]
| population_blank1 =
| population_density_blank1_km2 =
| population_blank2_title = Official
| population_blank2 = [[English language|English]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 797103
| registration_plate =
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Human sex ratio|Sex ratio]]
| blank1_info_sec1 =
| website = {{URL|nagaland.nic.in}}
| footnotes =
}}
'''Tenyiphe I''' is a village located in the [[Chümoukedima district|Chümoukedima District]] of [[Nagaland]] and is a suburb of [[Chümoukedima]], the district headquarters.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://mapsofindia.com/villages/nagaland/dimapur/chumukedima/tenyiphe-i.html|title=Map of Tenyiphe-I|website=www.mapsofindia.com|access-date=4 January 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://morungexpress.com/govt-notifies-jurisdiction-for-three-new-districts|title=Govt notifies jurisdiction for three new districts|date=20 December 2021|website=[[The Morung Express]]|access-date=7 January 2023}}</ref>

==Demographics==
Tenyiphe I is situated in the Chümoukedima District of Nagaland. As per the Population Census 2011, there are a total 612 households in Tenyiphe I. The total population of Tenyiphe I is 3037.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiagrowing.com/Nagaland/Dimapur/Chumukedima/Tenyiphe_I|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221227084222/https://www.indiagrowing.com/Nagaland/Dimapur/Chumukedima/Tenyiphe_I|url-status=usurped|archive-date=December 27, 2022|title=Census of India 2011 – Tenyiphe-I data|website=indiagrowing.com|access-date=27 December 2022}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[Chümoukedima district|Chümoukedima District]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Villages in Chümoukedima district]]

Mohammed Aziz

2026-03-27T15:46:15Z

ErmelindaDez: further expanded references for clarity also and fixed typos

{{Short description|Indian musician (1954–2018)}}
{{similar names|Muhammad Aziz (disambiguation)}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2026}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2026}}
{{Infobox musical artist 
| name = Mohammed Aziz
| image = Mohammad Aziz.jpeg
| image_size =
| caption =
| background = solo_singer
| birth_name = Syed Mohammed Aziz-Un-Nabi
| alias = Munna Aziz
| birth_date = {{birth date|1954|07|02|df=y}}
| birth_place =
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=y|2018|11|27|1954|07|02}}
| death_place = [[Mumbai]], [[Maharashtra]], [[India]]
| genre = * [[Filmi]]
* [[Indian Classical Music|Classical]]
* [[Bhajans]]
* [[Sufi]]<ref name="gaana.com">{{cite web|url=https://gaana.com/song/ya-mohammed-karam-kijiye-2 |title=Ya Mohammed Karam Kijiye MP3 Song Download by Mohammad Aziz (Jashn-E-Eid Milad)| Listen Ya Mohammed Karam Kijiye Urdu Song Free Online |publisher=Gaana.com |date= |accessdate=2022-08-23}}</ref>
| occupation = Playback Singer
| instrument =
| years_active = 1982–2018
{{Infobox person
| embed = yes
| spouse = Rubina Aziz
| children = Jazib Waheed Aziz, Sana Aziz
}}
}}

'''Mohammed Aziz''' (born as '''Syed Mohammed Aziz-Un-Nabi'''; 2 July 1954 – 27 November 2018), also known as Munna, was an Indian multilingual playback singer who primarily sang for the [[Bollywood]], [[Cinema of Odisha|Odia film]]s,<ref>{{cite web|title=Md. Aziz odia songs|url=https://gaana.com/artist/mohammad-aziz/odia-songs}}</ref> and [[Cinema of West Bengal|Bengali]] cinema. He sang about 20,000 songs, including [[Bhajans]] (Hindi, Odia & Bengali) [[Sufi music|Sufi devotional song]]s and other genres in more than ten different [[Languages of India|Indian languages]].<ref name="auto">{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/celebrities-mohammed-aziz-veteran-singer-passes-away-at-64-487040|title=Mohammed Aziz passes away: Bollywood Celebs mourn death of the veteran playback singer|first=Tripti|last=Karki|date=November 27, 2018|website=www.indiatvnews.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/music/singer-mohammed-aziz-passes-away/article25607263.ece|title=Singer Mohammed Aziz passes away|newspaper=The Hindu|date=November 27, 2018|via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref> He made his first appearance in films in the Odia film titled ''Jaga Hatare Pagha'' directed by [[Mohammad Mohsin]], with the song ''Rupa Sagadi re Suna Kaniya''. Later he sang most numbers of songs in [[Odia language|Odia]] and for Ollywood Actor [[Siddhanta Mahapatra]]. Later he appeared with a [[Hindi]] film titled ''Ambar'' (1984) and his two prominent songs, including "Mard Tangewala" composed by [[Anu Malik]] were introduced in ''[[Mard (1985 film)|Mard]]''.

He had sung numerous duets in 1980s and 1990s with singers like [[Lata Mangeshkar]], [[Asha Bhosle]], [[K.S.Chithra]], [[Sulakshana Pandit]], [[Vijayta Pandit]], [[Usha Mangeshkar]], [[Anuradha Paudwal]], [[Kavita Krishnamurthy]], [[Sadhana Sargam]], [[S. Janaki]], [[Alka Yagnik]], [[Salma Agha]], [[Hemlata (singer)|Hemlata]], [[Sapna Mukherjee]], [[Chandrani Mukherjee]], [[Poornima (singer)|Poornima]], Sarika Kapoor, Uttara Kelkar and [[Alisha Chinai]]. Many of his songs such as "Main Deewana Na Jana Kab", “Tune bechain itna jyaada kiya”, “Main teri mohabbet me pagal ho jaaunga”, "Lal Dupatta Malmal Ka", "My Name Is Lakhan", "Aap Ke Aa Jane Se", "Aajkal Yaad Kuchh" and "Dil Le Gayi Teri Bindiya" are recognized among the prominent songs he sang as a playback singer.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/mohammed-aziz-dead-5467587/|title=Singer Mohammed Aziz passes away|date=November 27, 2018|website=The Indian Express}}</ref> He could sing at the 7th note (Saatwan Sur).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.filmibeat.com/bollywood/news/2018/rip-mohammad-aziz-these-5-songs-of-the-veteran-singer-are-a-must-have-in-your-playlist-279876.html|title=RIP Mohammad Aziz: These 5 Songs of the Veteran Singer Are a Must-Have in Your Playlist!|date=28 November 2018}}</ref>

Originally a restaurant singer of Ghalib Bar, he went to [[Mumbai]] around 1982 where he was introduced to the [[Cinema of India|Hindi cinema]] by Anu Malik.<ref name="outlookindia.com"/> The recipient of two uncertain awards for Best Playback Singer,<ref name="auto"/> his last film was ''[[Kaafila]]''. Prior to this, he sang for the film ''[[Karan Arjun]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.filmibeat.com/celebs/mohammad-aziz/filmography.html|title=Check out lists of Movies by #MohammadAziz #Filmography|website=FilmiBeat}}</ref>

His collaboration with [[Anuradha Paudwal]] was immensely popular during late 1980s and early 1990s.

==Career==
[[File:Mohammad Aziz interview.png|thumb|Mohammad Aziz in an interview, 2012]]
He was involved with music during his childhood. Later He started his professional musical career in films Odia film titled [[Manini (1985 film)|Manini]] Under Great Odia Music Composer Radha Krushna Bhanja and later He Sung Most Numbers of songs in [[Odia language|Odia]] and Ollywood Actor [[Siddhanta Mahapatra]] . Later He appeared with a Bengali film titled ''Bouma'' (1986). He went to Mumbai for better career opportunities in film industry where he was introduced to Bollywood's film ''Ambar'' (1984) by music director Sapan-Jagmohan; however his first prominent singing role appeared in ''Mard'' film, by music director [[Anu Malik]]. The title song "Mard Tangewala" of this film became a super hit. After the success of this song he had several hits in 1985 such as "Aate Aate Teri Yaad Aa Gayi" from [[Jaan Ki Baazi]]. Since then, he was the most sought after singer in Bollywood film industry in that decade. He worked with several famous music directors such as [[Naushad]], [[Shankar–Jaikishan]], [[O. P. Nayyar]], [[Ravi (music director)|Ravi]], [[Khayyam]], [[Kalyanji-Anandji]], [[Laxmikant-Pyarelal]], [[R. D. Burman]], [[Bappi Lahiri]], [[Rajesh Roshan]], [[Usha Khanna]], [[Anu Malik]], [[Anand–Milind]], [[Jatin–Lalit]], [[Ravindra Jain]], [[Raamlaxman]], [[Aadesh Shrivastava]], [[Nadeem-Shravan]], [[Viju Shah]], [[Dilip Sen-Sameer Sen]] among others.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/music/singer-mohammad-aziz-dies-after-suffering-cardiac-arrest-he-was-64/story-l5XYPYiEtfj1ojJEuSrYHO.html|title=Singer Mohammad Aziz dies after suffering cardiac arrest, he was 64|date=27 November 2018|website=Hindustan Times}}</ref> He had sung nearly 250+ songs for Laxmikant Pyarelal which is the highest for any composers he has sung for. He had also sung [[Lord Jagannath]], [[bhajan]]s, private music albums and Odia film songs until he was introduced as a playback singer in [[Hindi language]] films. He sang the title song of 1997 TV serial [[Jai Hanuman (1997 TV series)|Jai Hanuman]]. Besides working in films, he also participated in stage shows in India and other countries.<ref name="outlookindia.com">{{cite web|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/rip-mohd-aziz-the-voice-with-a-staggering-pitch/1429369|title=RIP Mohd Aziz: The voice with a staggering pitch|website=Outlook (India)|access-date=2019-09-29}}</ref>

During his career, Mohammed Aziz has sung for [[Bollywood]] actors [[Dilip Kumar]], [[Shammi Kapoor]], [[Dharmendra]], [[Jeetendra]], [[Amitabh Bachchan]], [[Rajesh Khanna]], [[Vinod Khanna]], [[Shatrughan Sinha]], [[Shashi Kapoor]], [[Rishi Kapoor]], [[Mithun Chakraborty]], [[Naseeruddin Shah]], [[Hemant Birje]], [[Chunky Pandey]], [[Govinda (actor)|Govinda]], [[Sanjay Dutt]], [[Kumar Gaurav]], [[Siddhanta Mahapatra]], [[Shah Rukh Khan]], [[Nana Patekar]], [[Rajinikanth]], [[Kamal Haasan]], [[Raj Babbar]], [[Sunny Deol]], [[Anil Kapoor]], [[Akshay Kumar]], [[Ajay Devgan]], [[Sumeet Saigal]], [[Farooq Sheikh]], [[Jackie Shroff]], [[Mohnish Bahl]], [[Aditya Pancholi]] and several others. Apart from the female singers, he appeared in some duets with [[Kishore Kumar]], [[Amit Kumar (singer)|Amit Kumar]], [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[Suresh Wadkar]], [[Manhar Udhas]], [[Shailendra Singh (singer)|Shailendra Singh]], [[Nitin Mukesh]], [[Kumar Sanu]], [[Vinod Rathod]] and [[Sudesh Bhosle]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/hindi-film-music-industry-bids-adieu-to-singer-mohammad-aziz-118112801390_1.html|title=Hindi film music industry bids adieu to singer Mohammad Aziz|last=IANS|date=2018-11-28|work=Business Standard India|access-date=2019-09-29}}</ref>

==Death==
He was travelling from Kolkata to Mumbai on 27 November when he collapsed at Mumbai's [[Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport]] where he was taken to Nanavati hospital for medical treatment.<ref name="IANS 2018">{{cite web | author=IANS | title='My Name is Lakhan' singer Mohd Aziz dead | website=OnManorama | date=2018-11-28 | url=https://www.onmanorama.com/news/nation/2018/11/28/mohammed-aziz-passes-away-cardiac-arrest.html | access-date=2020-11-23}}</ref> He died at hospital on 27 November 2018 of [[cardiac arrest]], aged 64.<ref name="PTI 2018">{{cite news | author=PTI | title=Singer Mohammed Aziz passes away | website=The Hindu | date=2018-11-27 | url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/music/singer-mohammed-aziz-passes-away/article25607263.ece | access-date=2020-11-23}}</ref>

==Filmography==
{{multiple issues|section=yes
|{{cleanup|reason=Random confusing lists, and excessive [[WP:OVERLINK|linking]].|date=January 2026}}
{{Unreferenced section|date=January 2026}}
}}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year !! Film !! Songs !! Composer(s)
|-
| 1984 || ''Ambar'' || "Kab Talak Dulhe", "Teri Rah Mein Ek Deepak" || Sapan Jagmohan
|-
| rowspan="2" | 1985 || ''[[Mard (1985 film)|Mard]]'' || "Mard Tangewala", "Tambu Mein Bamboo" || [[Anu Malik]]
|-
| ''[[Aakhir Kyon?]]'' || "Ek Andhera Lakh Sitare" || [[Rajesh Roshan]]
|-
| rowspan="2" | 1986 || ''[[Love 86]]'' || "Mehboob Se Hamare" || [[Laxmikant–Pyarelal]]
|-
| ''[[Aag Aur Shola]]'' || "Ek Ladki Jiska Naam", "Latkewali Jhatkewali", "Aaj Subah Jab Main" || [[Laxmikant–Pyarelal]]
|-
| 1987 || ''[[Kudrat Ka Kanoon]]'' || "Mukhda Chand Ka Tukda", "Kaisa Kudrat Ka Kanoon", "Kaisa Kudrat Ka Kanoon" (Reprise) || [[Laxmikant–Pyarelal]]
|-
| rowspan="5" | 1988 || ''[[Zulm Ko Jala Doonga]]'' || "Sari Raat Jagaye", "Aaj Meri Behna" || [[Nadeem-Shravan]]
|-
| ''Insaaf Ki Manzil'' || "Jaane Kiski Nazar Lag Gayee" || [[Chitragupt (composer)|Chitragupt]]
|-
| ''[[Veerana]]'' || "Dil Ki Dhadkan Kya Kahe" || [[Bappi Lahiri]]
|-
| ''Shoorveer'' || "Awaaz Hamari Isi Waadi Mein", "Ladka Mein Garib Ka" || [[Laxmikant–Pyarelal]]
|-
| ''[[Biwi Ho To Aisi]]'' || "Main Tera Ho Gaya", "Phool Gulab Ka" || [[Laxmikant–Pyarelal]]
|-
| rowspan="2" | 1989 || ''[[Tridev]]'' || "Main Teri Mohabbat Me" || [[Kalyanji-Anandji]], [[Viju Shah]]
|-
| ''[[ChaalBaaz]]'' || "Tera Bimar Mera Dil" || [[Laxmikant–Pyarelal]]
|-
| rowspan="2" | 1990 || ''[[Pati Patni Aur Tawaif]]'' || "Ek Doosre Se Khafa Hona Kehna Na Tum", "Teri Mohabbat Meri", "Ek Doosre" (Sad) || [[Laxmikant–Pyarelal]]
|-
| ''[[Pathar Ke Insan]]'' || "Tu Hi Meri Prem Kahani" || [[Bappi Lahiri]]
|-
| rowspan="6" | 1991 || ''[[Jeeva Sakha]]'' || "Door Sakha Chalala" || [[Anil Mohile]]
|-
| ''[[Banjaran]]'' || "Yeh Jeevan Jitni Baar", "Desh Badalte Hai" || [[Laxmikant–Pyarelal]]
|-
| ''[[Narsimha]]'' || "Chup Chap Tu Kyu Khadi Hai" || [[Laxmikant-Pyarelal]]
|-
| ''[[Do Matwale]]'' || "Main Aaj Bolta Hoon Jayegi Kahan Tu Mujhe" || [[Laxmikant–Pyarelal]]
|-
| ''Kanoon Ki Zanjeer'' || "Pyar Ki Duniya Tu", "Aap Ke Dil Ko" || [[Laxmikant–Pyarelal]]
|-
| ''Kanoon Ki Zanjeer'' || "Aap Ke Dil Ko" || [[Laxmikant–Pyarelal]]
|-
| rowspan="3" | 1992 || ''[[Khuda Gawah]]'' || "Tu Mujhe Kabool", "Rab Ko Yaad", "Main Aisi Cheej Nahin Deewana Mujhe Kar" || [[Laxmikant–Pyarelal]]
|-
| ''[[Police Aur Mujrim]]'' || "Apni Aankhon Ke Sitaaron Mei", "Mere Mehboob Tujhe" || [[Bappi Lahiri]]
|-
| ''[[Vishwatma]]'' || "Aadmi Zindagi Aur Ye Aatma Aankhon Mein Hai Kya" || [[Viju Shah]]
|-
| rowspan="2" | 1993 || ''[[Aadmi Khilona Hai]]'' || "Bahut jatate ho chah humse" || [[Nadeem-Shravan]]
|-
| ''[[Phool Aur Angaar]]'' || "Mujhko Peena Hai" || [[Anu Malik]]
|-
| 1997 || ''Marityudata'' || "Kabhi khushyun ki" || [[Anand–Milind]]
|-
| 1998 || ''Barsaat Ki Raat'' || "Maine Dil Ka Hukam Sun" || [[Laxmikant–Pyarelal]]
|-
| 2001 || ''[[Ek Rishtaa: The Bond of Love|Ek Rishtaa]]'' || "Aur Kya Zindagani Hai", "Hum Khush Hue" || [[Nadeem-Shravan]]
|}

===Duets with Kavita Krishnamurthy===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year !! Song(s) !! Film !! Composer(s)
|-
| 1984 || "Mere Mehboob Tujhe" || ''[[Zakhmi Sher]]'' || [[Laxmikant–Pyarelal]]
|-
| rowspan="6" | 1986 || "Ek Ladki Jiska" || ''[[Aag Aur Shola]]'' || [[Laxmikant–Pyarelal]]
|-
| "Kya Jodi Hai" || ''[[Aisa Pyaar Kahan]]'' || [[Laxmikant–Pyarelal]]
|-
| "Shrafat Ali Ko" || [[Amrit (1986 film)|''Amrit'']] || [[Laxmikant–Pyarelal]]
|-
| "Munne Ki Amma", "Jhatke Pe Jhatke", "Saat Baras Ka Dulha" || ''[[Dosti Dushmani]]'' || [[Laxmikant–Pyarelal]]
|-
| "Aye Watan Tere Liye" || [[Karma (1986 film)|''Karma'']] || [[Laxmikant–Pyarelal]]
|-
| "Pyar Ki Had Se", "Mehboob Se Hamare" || ''[[Love 86]]'' || [[Laxmikant–Pyarelal]]
|-
| rowspan="6" | 1987 || "Na Zulm Na Zalim Ka", "Es Afsar Ka Baja" || ''[[Hukumat]]'' || [[Laxmikant–Pyarelal]]
|-
| "Dil Mein Lagi Hai", "O Be-Wafa" || ''Be Lagaam'' || [[R. D. Burman]]
|-
| "Khai Ke Mainpuri Tambaku" || ''Dilruba Tangewali'' || Anwar-Usman
|-
| "Aankhon Aankhon Mein" || [[Parivaar (1987 film)|''Parivaar'']] || [[Laxmikant–Pyarelal]]
|-
| "Chalo Chalo Door Kahin" || [[Sindoor (film)|''Sindoor'']] || [[Laxmikant–Pyarelal]]
|-
| "Tere Mere Beech Mein", "Jab Pyar Kiya Ikrar Kiya" || ''[[Watan Ke Rakhwale]]'' || [[Laxmikant–Pyarelal]]
|-
| rowspan="10" | 1988 || "Garibon Ka Kafan Apna Kabhi" || ''[[Dost Garibon Ka]]'' || [[Laxmikant–Pyarelal]]
|-
| "Teri Meri Pyar Bhari Baton" || [[Khatron Ke Khiladi (1988 film)|''Khatron Ke Khiladi'']] || [[Laxmikant–Pyarelal]]
|-
| "Jaise Ek Chand Ka Tukda" || ''[[Inteqam]]'' || [[Laxmikant–Pyarelal]]
|-
| "Ho Ho Chhal Chhal", "Koi Patta Bhi Hila" || ''Janam Janam'' || [[Laxmikant–Pyarelal]]
|-
| "Badon Ka Hai Farmaana" || ''[[Mar Mitenge]]'' || [[Laxmikant–Pyarelal]]
|-
| "Chithi Aaye Gayee Babu" || ''Mera Muqaddar'' || Kamalkant
|-
| "Log Jahan Par" || ''[[Pyaar Ka Mandir]]'' || [[Laxmikant–Pyarelal]]
|-
| "Tina Ke Mina" || ''[[Pyaar Mohabbat]]'' || [[Laxmikant–Pyarelal]]
|-
| "Awaaz Hamari Isi Waadi Mein" || ''Shoorveer'' || [[Laxmikant–Pyarelal]]
|-
| "Toota Hua Mandir Hoon" || ''Kudrat Ka Faisla (Sadhana)'' || [[Bappi Lahiri]]
|-
| rowspan="5" | 1989 || "Main Teri Mohabbat Main" || ''[[Tridev]]'' || [[Kalyanji-Anandji]], [[Viju Shah]]
|-
| "Swarg Se Pyara Hai" || [[Lashkar (film)|''Lashkar'']] || [[Nadeem-Shravan]]
|-
| "Mere Do Anmol Ratan" || ''[[Ram Lakhan]]'' || [[Laxmikant–Pyarelal]]
|-
| "Jaise Jaise Dil" || ''Shikanja'' || [[Bappi Lahiri]]
|-
| "Teri Nashili Aankhon Se" || ''Wohi Bhayaanak Raat'' || Surinder Kohli
|-
| rowspan="10" | 1990 || "Iska Naam Jawani Hai", "Sun O Mere Humjoli" || ''[[Hum Se Na Takrana]]'' || [[Laxmikant–Pyarelal]]
|-
| "Behna O Behna" || ''[[Aaj Ka Arjun]]'' || [[Bappi Lahiri]]
|-
| "Dil Laga Ke" || ''Ghar Ho to Aisa'' || [[Bappi Lahiri]]
|-
| "Oye Balle Balle" || ''Lootera Sultan'' || Bajju
|-
| "Main Pyasa Hoon" || ''Maa Kasam Badla Loonga'' || [[Sonik Omi]]
|-
| "Ye Zameen Dekha" || ''Qayamat Ki Raat'' || [[Laxmikant–Pyarelal]]
|-
| "Haath Mein Mehndi" || ''[[Shandaar]]'' || [[Bappi Lahiri]]
|-
| "Kuchh Gana Bajana Ho Jaye" || ''[[Sher Dil (Indian film)|Sher Dil]]'' || [[Laxmikant–Pyarelal]]
|-
| "Pyar Ki Duniya Tu" || ''Sindoor Ki Awaaz'' || [[Rajesh Roshan]]
|-
| "Jalte Badan Ki Aag", "Kitna Pyara Hai" || ''Swarg Se Pyara Ghar Hamara'' || [[Laxmikant–Pyarelal]]
|-
| rowspan="6" | 1991 || "Tere Mere Pyar Ki" || ''[[Banjaran]]'' || [[Laxmikant–Pyarelal]]
|-
| "Main Aaj Bolta Hoon" || ''[[Do Matwale]]'' || [[Laxmikant–Pyarelal]]
|-
| "Aap Ke Dil Ko" || ''Kanoon Ki Zanjeer'' || [[Laxmikant–Pyarelal]]
|-
| "Main Khat Likhta" || ''Pyar Bhara Khat'' || Krishandu Das
|-
| "Behnen Hansti Hain to (Happy)" || ''[[Pyar Ka Devta]]'' || [[Laxmikant–Pyarelal]]
|-
| "Jo Main Chhup Jaoon" || ''[[Sapnon Ka Mandir]]'' || [[Laxmikant–Pyarelal]]
|-
| rowspan="12" | 1992 || "Dil Naache Dil Jhoome" || ''Captain Prabhakar'' || Illaiyaraaja
|-
| "Aankhon Mein Basa Loon To" || [[Geet (1992 film)|''Geet'']] || [[Bappi Lahiri]]
|-
| "Yeh Ped Hai Peeple Ka" || ''Heer Ranjha'' || [[Laxmikant–Pyarelal]]
|-
| "Main Aurat Tu Aadmi" || [[Honeymoon (1992 film)|''Honeymoon'']] || [[Anand–Milind]]
|-
| "Deewaron Pe Likha Hai", "Tera Naam Tera Naam" || ''Kamsin'' || Mahesh-Kishore
|-
| "Tu Mujhe Kabool", "Rab Ko Yaad Karoon", "Main Aisee Cheez Nahin" || ''[[Khuda Gawah]]'' || [[Laxmikant–Pyarelal]]
|-
| "Chhan Chhan Baje Ghungroo" || ''Kundan'' || [[Bappi Lahiri]]
|-
| "Tu Akeli Hai Lamba Safar" || ''Main Hoon Sherni'' || Anand-Laxman
|-
| "Tu Meri Diwani" || ''Mast Kalander'' || [[Laxmikant–Pyarelal]]
|-
| "Sar Pe Topi Kali" || ''[[Sone Ki Lanka]]'' || [[Anand–Milind]]
|-
| "Dil Pe Qayamat Dhaye" || [[Tyagi (film)|''Tyagi'']] || [[Bappi Lahiri]]
|-
| "Tu Bhi Tu I Love You" || [[Yeh Raat Phir Na Aayegi (1992 film)|''Yeh Raat Phir Na Aayegi'']] || [[Rajesh Roshan]]
|-
| rowspan="2" | 1993 || "Bewafa Humko" || ''Badi Behan'' || [[Laxmikant–Pyarelal]]
|-
| "Mujhe Jeene Nahin Deti" || ''Bomb Blast'' || [[Bappi Lahiri]]
|-
| rowspan="2" | 1994 || "Raat Muradowali" || ''[[Beta Ho To Aisa]]'' || [[Ravindra Jain]]
|-
| "Teri Bhi Marzi" || ''Mere Meharban'' || [[Bappi Lahiri]]
|-
| rowspan="3" | 1995 || "Teri Majbooriyan" || [[Fauji (1995 film)|''Fauji'']] || [[Vishal Bhardwaj]]
|-
| "Sawan Ke Badlo Ki Niyat" || ''[[Paappi Devataa]]'' || [[Laxmikant–Pyarelal]]
|-
| "Jaise Jaise Dil Guzrega" || ''Zulm Ka Jawab'' || [[Bappi Lahiri]]
|-
| rowspan="4" | 1996 || "Dheere Dheere" || ''[[Angaara]]'' || Dilip Sen-Sameer Sen
|-
| "Koi Mangta Dil" || ''Durjan'' || Sapan-Jagmohan
|-
| "Deewana Pan Hain Yeh" || ''[[Maahir]]'' || [[Bappi Lahiri]]
|-
| "Pyar Mein Kabhi Kabhi" || ''Tera Naam Mera Naam'' || [[Kuldeep Singh (music director)|Kuldeep Singh]]
|-
| rowspan="2" | 1997 || "Maine Tujhe Chaaha" || ''[[Daadagiri]]'' || Dilip Sen-Sameer Sen
|-
| "Tin Tina Tin", "Tapka Re Tapka 2" || ''[[Mahaanta]]'' || [[Laxmikant–Pyarelal]]
|-
| rowspan="5" | 1998 || "Maine Dil Ka Hukum Sun Liya", "Teri Haan Ka Teri Na Ka", "Wada Karke Sajan Nahi Aaya" || ''Barsaat Ki Raat'' || [[Laxmikant–Pyarelal]]
|-
| "Yehi to Pyar Hai" || ''Do Hazar Ek'' || [[Anand Raj Anand]]
|-
| "Jammu Ki Jawani Kashmir Ki" || ''Hind Ki Beti'' || [[Sonik Omi]]
|-
| "Haseenayein Zulfon Ka Phanda Bichayein" || ''Main Phir Aaongi'' || Sameer Shyam
|-
| "Aaj Kisi Ki Jeet Hui Hai" || [[Mard (1998 film)|''Mard'']] || Dilip Sen-Sameer Sen
|-
| 1999 || "Chamak Challo Tu Naach" || ''Tune Mera Dil le Liyaa (Pinjra)'' || Mahesh-Kishore
|-
| 2000 || "Durga Hai Meri Maa" || [[Mela (2000 film)|''Mela'']] || [[Anu Malik]]
|-
| 2001 || "Dhol Bajhe" || [[Mitti (2001 film)|''Mitti'']] || Ali-Ghani
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb name|id=0044297}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Aziz, Mohammed}}
[[Category:1954 births]]
[[Category:2018 deaths]]
[[Category:Hindi-language playback singers]]
[[Category:Bengali-language playback singers]]
[[Category:Indian male playback singers]]
[[Category:Musicians from Kolkata]]
[[Category:Musicians from Mumbai]]

Dhanush (film)

2026-03-27T00:59:45Z

ErmelindaDez: starting first page added tags...

{{short description|Indian Telugu-language action film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2026}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Dhanush
| image = Dhanush (film).jpg
| alt =
| caption = DVD cover
| native_name = 
| director = Nallamothu Sreenivasa Rao
| writer = [[Satyanand (writer)|Satyanand]] (dialogues)
| screenplay = Nallamothu Sreenivasa Rao
| story = MS Maheswar
| based_on = 
| producer = D Peddababu
| starring = [[Vadde Naveen|Vadde Navveen]] Kiran Gill
| narrator =
| cinematography = Vijaya Sri
| editing =
| music = [[Dhina]]
| studio = Prasanthi Films
| distributor = 
| released = {{Film date|2003|4|11|df=yes}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Telugu
| budget =
| gross =
}}
'''''Dhanush''''' is a 2003 Indian Telugu-language [[action film]] directed by Nallamothu Sreenivasa Rao and starring [[Vadde Naveen|Vadde Navveen]] and Kiran Gill.

== Cast ==
{{Cast listing|
*[[Vadde Naveen|Vadde Navveen]] as Dhanush / Deva
*Kiran Gill as Jyoti
*[[Sivaji Raja]] as Rambabu
*[[Brahmanandam]]
*[[Narra Venkateswara Rao]]
*Jeevi
*[[Surya (Telugu actor)|Surya]] as the sub-inspector
*Jackie
*[[Rajiv Kanakala]] as Vicky
*Ravi Sekhar
*[[Dharmavarapu Subramanyam]]
*[[Raghu Babu]]
*Vasu
*[[Bandla Ganesh]]
*[[Ananth Babu|Ananth]]
*[[Kavitha (actress)|Kavitha]] as the college principal
*Krishna Sri
*Ramya
*Latha
*Deepa
}}

== Production ==
[[Vadde Naveen]] rechristened himself as Vadde Navveen. The film was shot at the ''[[Gaayam]]'' house and [[Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Open University]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.idlebrain.com/movie/coming/dhanush.html|title=Telugu Cinema - Preview - Dhanush - Navveen, Kiran Gill|website=[[Idlebrain.com]]|accessdate=1 September 2025}}</ref>

== Soundtrack ==
The music was composed by [[Dhina]].
{{track listing
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Chinna Papa
| length1 = 4:42
| lyrics1 = [[Bhuvana Chandra]]
| extra1 = Prasanna, [[Shankar Mahadevan]]
| title2 = Malli Malli Neetho
| length2 = 5:02
| lyrics2 = [[Suddala Ashok Teja]]
| extra2 = [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[Usha (Telugu singer)|Usha]]
| title3 = Nuvvante
| length3 = 4:18
| lyrics3 = Chirravuri Vijaykumar
| extra3 = [[Mano (singer)|Mano]], Radhika
| title4 = Oh Yerrra Bugga Pilla
| length4 = 4:29
| lyrics4 = Suddala Ashok Teja
| extra4 = [[Koti (composer)|Koti]], [[Karthik (singer)|Karthik]]
| title5 = Welcome Saranguda
| length5 = 4:54
| lyrics5 = Bhuvana Chandra
| extra5 = [[Mahathi]]
| total_length = 23:25
}}

== Release and reception ==
As of March 2003, the film was lying in the cans awaiting release for nine months.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.idlebrain.com/news/2000march20/news234.html|title=Navveen has no takers|website=Idlebrain.com|date=23 March 2003|accessdate=1 September 2025}}</ref> [[Gudipoodi Srihari]] of ''[[The Hindu]]'' wrote, "The script is very weak. Navveen fails to impress as Dhanush in the scenes where he has to show the difference between a normal man and one who has lost his memory. And the scenes that make him regain that faculty look farcical".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.idlebrain.com/movie/archive/mrg-dhanush.html|title=Weak script|work=[[The Hindu]]|via=Idlebrain.com|author-link=Gudipoodi Srihari|first=Gudipoodi|last=Srihari|accessdate=1 September 2025}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{IMDb title}}

[[Category:2003 Indian films]]
[[Category:2003 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:Films shot in Hyderabad, India]]
[[Category:Films scored by Dhina]]
[[Category:Indian action films]]

Coonan Cross Oath

2026-03-17T08:25:38Z

ErmelindaDez: fix information as per guidelines to improve readability

{{Short description|1653 oath by members of the Saint Thomas Christians}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2024}}
[[File:Coonan Cross Oath.jpg|thumb|alt=Photo of Coonan Cross Oath memorial at the church|Coonan Cross Oath memorial]]
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2021}}
{{Nasrani People}}
The '''Coonan Cross Oath''' (alternatively spelled '''Koonan Cross Oath'''), also known as the '''Great Oath of Bent Cross''' or '''Leaning Cross Oath''', was taken on 3 January 1653 in [[Mattancherry]] by a significant portion of the [[Saint Thomas Christians|Saint Thomas Christian]] community in the [[Malabar Coast|Malabar region]] of [[India]]. This public declaration marked their refusal to submit to the authority of the [[Jesuits]] and the [[Latin Church|Latin Catholic]] hierarchy, as well as their rejection of [[Portuguese India|Portuguese]] dominance in both ecclesiastical and secular matters.{{sfnp|Brown|1956|p=100}}{{sfnp|Baum|Winkler|2003|pp=115–116}}{{sfnp|Neill|2004|p=316}}
{{Christianity in India sidebar}}
The Portuguese had established political and religious control over parts of India, seeking to enforce Latin Catholic practices upon the local Christian community, which followed its own traditions. At the [[Synod of Diamper]] in 1599, led by Archbishop [[Aleixo de Menezes]], the Western Church imposed several changes, including the use of Portuguese archbishops, the [[Latin liturgical rites|Latin liturgy]], Roman vestments, [[Clerical celibacy in the Catholic Church|clerical celibacy]], and the establishment of the [[Goa Inquisition|Portuguese Inquisition in Goa]], which also extended its jurisdiction to [[Kingdom of Cochin|Cochin]]. The Saint Thomas Christians, whom the Portuguese derisively referred to as "[[Nestorianism|Nestorians]]," largely resisted these latinizations, as they were seen as an infringement on their longstanding religious customs.{{sfnp|Neill|2004|p=208}}{{sfnp|Baum|Winkler|2003|p=115}}{{sfnp|Brown|1956|p=32}}<ref>{{cite journal |url=https://www.academia.edu/35727307|title=Archbishop Aleixo de Menezes OSA, A Portuguese Fidalgo: Behind the Curtain|first=Antony |last=Mechery|journal=Vidyajyoti Journal of Theological Reflection |volume=82 |year=2018|pages= 8–34}}</ref>{{sfnp|Mundadan|1967|pp=115–116}}

A key figure in this resistance was [[Ahatallah]], a [[Syriac Orthodox Church|Syrian Orthodox]] archbishop who arrived in India and was regarded by many Saint Thomas Christians as a potential leader capable of restoring their traditional practices. His capture by Portuguese authorities, who feared his influence, and his subsequent mysterious disappearance only fueled further resistance among the Saint Thomas Christians. By 1653, dissatisfaction with the Latin Church's increasing control had grown significantly. The disappearance of Ahatallah played a direct role in prompting the Coonan Cross Oath, Which was performed under the leadership of '''[[Anjilimoottil Itty Thommen Kathanar]]''' as the community feared the complete erosion of their identity under Portuguese rule.{{sfnp|Neill|2004|pp=316–321}}{{sfnp|Brown|1956|pp=100–101}}{{sfnp|Baum|Winkler|2003|pp=115–116}}

After the oath, [[Thoma I]] sought canonical consecration as [[metropolitan bishop]] of the Saint Thomas Christians, leading to [[Gregorios Abdal Jaleel]]'s arrival in India in 1665, who regularized Thoma I's [[Historical episcopate|episcopal succession]]. This established a formal split among the Saint Thomas Christians into two factions: the [[Pazhayakoottukar|Pazhayakuttukar]], or "Old Allegiance," loyal to the [[Catholic Church]] under Bishop [[Palliveettil Chandy]], and the [[Puthankoottukar|Puthankuttukar]], or "New Allegiance," led by Thoma I. The Pazhayakuttukar branched into the modern [[Syro-Malabar Church]] and [[Chaldean Syrian Church]], while the Puthankuttukar branched into the [[Mar Thoma Syrian Church|Malankara Mar Thoma Syrian Church]], [[Jacobite Syrian Christian Church]], the [[Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church]], and the [[Syro-Malankara Catholic Church]].

==Background==
{{main|Church of the East in India}}

{{Further|Synod of Diamper}}

[[Saint Thomas Christians]] of Malabar was in communion with the [[Church of the East]] from 300 to 1599 by Portuguese.<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14678a.htm#X |title = Catholic Encyclopedia: St. Thomas Christians}}</ref><ref>I. Gillman and H.-J. Klimkeit, ''Christians in Asia Before 1500'', (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1999), p. 177. {{ISBN?}}</ref> Saint Thomas Christians looked to Catholicos-Patriarch of the Church of the East for ecclesiastical authority.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Thomas-Christians/Later-developments |title=Thomas Christians |website=Encyclopædia Britannica|access-date=26 May 2021|quote=India's ancient Christians looked to the Assyrian Church of the East (often disparaged as "Nestorian" by Western or Roman Catholic Christians, who associated it with the anathematized bishop Nestorius) and its catholicos (or patriarch) for ecclesiastical authority}}</ref> Although the bishops from the Middle East were the spiritual rulers of the Church, the general administration of the Church of Kerala was governed by the indigenous Archdeacon.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Thomas-Christians |title=Thomas Christians|publisher= e-GEDSH:Gorgias Encyclopedic Dictionary of the Syriac Heritage|quote=Although India was supplied with bishops from the Middle East, the effective control lay in the hands of the indigenous Archdeacon.}}</ref> The Archdeacon was the head of Saint Thomas Christians.<ref name="ClaraAB">{{cite book |last=Joseph|first=Clara A.B. |title=Christianity in India: The Anti-Colonial Turn|date=2019 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xEmMDwAAQBAJ|isbn=9781351123846|quote=Documents address him as the Jathikku Karthavyan [the head of the caste], that is, the head of the Thomas Christians.....even when there were more than one foreign bishop, there was only one Archdeacon for entire St.Thomas Community..}}</ref> Even when there were more than one foreign bishop, there was only one Archdeacon for the entire Saint Thomas Christian community.<ref name="ClaraAB" /> However, with the establishment of Portuguese power in parts of India, the clergy of that empire, in particular members of the [[Society of Jesus]] (Jesuits), attempted to [[Liturgical Latinisation|Latinise]] the Indian Christians.{{sfnp|Frykenberg|2008|pp=127–128}}

The Portuguese started a [[Latin Church]] diocese in [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Goa and Daman|Goa]] (1534) and another at [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Cochin|Cochin]] (1558), and sought to bring the Saint Thomas Christians under the jurisdiction of the Portuguese ''[[padroado]]'' and into the [[Latin Church]] of the Catholic Church. A series of [[synod]]s, including the 1585 [[Goa|Synod of Goa]], were held, which introduced Latinized elements to the local liturgy. In 1599 [[Aleixo de Menezes]], [[Archbishop of Goa]], led the [[Synod of Diamper]], which finally brought the Saint Thomas Christians formally under the authority of the Latin Archdiocese of Goa.{{sfnp|Neill|2004|pp=208–210}}

The independence of the ancient Church of Saint Thomas Christians was rescinded. The [[padroado]] rule of the Portuguese was only momentary, for the resentment and desire to regain independence were very real among the Thomas Christians. Their leader [[Archdeacon Thomas]] had come to the conclusion that there was no remedy for their sufferings other than the introduction of an Eastern bishop according to their tradition.{{sfnp|Neill|2004|p=316}} He wrote letters to the Coptic patriarch in Alexandria, the Jacobite patriarch of Antioch asking them to provide the necessary help.{{sfnp|Neill|2004|p=316}} None of the letters was answered.

[[File:George_of_Christ_Archdeacon.2.jpg|thumb|Mural of Archdeacon Giwargis of Christ in Latin vestments from the [[St. Mary's Jacobite Soonoro Cathedral, Angamaly|Angamaly Cheriyapally]]]]

In 1652, the Syrian prelate [[Ahatallah]] visited India. He is said to have landed at Surat and thence came to Mylapore, where he was arrested by the Jesuits on 3 August 1652.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=The St. Thomas Christian Revolution 1653|last=Kollamparambil|first=Jacob|publisher=Catholic Bishop's House Kottayam|year=1981|page=foot note 38}}</ref> While at Mylapore, Ahatalla met two Syrian Christian deacons, viz: Chengannur ltty and Kuravilangad Kizhakkedath Kurien from Malankara, who were on a pilgrimage to the tomb of St. Thomas and sent a letter through them to the Church of Malankara saying:<blockquote>Behold, I Ignatius, Patriarch of All India and China, send to you a letter through the clerics who came here from your place. When you have read this letter diligently send me two priests and forty men. If however, you wish to send them from your place, send them cautiously, quickly and soon, so that seeing your people they would release me without hindrance. I came to the city of Mylapore thinking that many people come here, and that priests would get me to your place of the Indias. In the year 1652 of our Lord, in the month of August, on Monday, I arrived in Mylapore in the monastery of the Jesuits. In the same monastery I stay, and they help me very much; may their reward increase here and there. Peace be with them, with you, and with us now and always. Amen. I, Ignatius, Patriarch of All India and China. </blockquote>

[[File:Our Lady of Life's Church in Mattancherry.jpg|thumb|The church of Our Lady of Life, Mattancherry]]

He was taken on board a Portuguese ship at [[Madras]] bound for [[Goa]]. En route, it landed at [[Cochin]]. Thomas Christians heard of the arrival of the ship at Cochin. The Archdeacon with a large number of Priests and several thousands of Saint Thomas Christians assembled at Mattancherry Cochin; their efforts to visit [[Ahatallah]] when the fleet arrived in Cochin intensified but ultimately, they were not fruitful. Several letters were sent to all the civil and religious authorities in Cochin, for at least an opportunity to visit Ahatallah, to examine his credentials and to verify his identity, promising that if he was found an imposter, they would be the first to press for his punishment. Due to the staunch and intransigent opposition of Archbishop Garcia and the Jesuit priests<ref name=":0" /> it did not happen. They informed him that the ship had already sailed for Goa. It was claimed that a rumor was also spread at this time that [[Ahatallah]] was drowned by the Portuguese. What happened to [[Ahatallah]] in the midst of the Arabian Sea is still a mystery. The earlier historians have mentioned that Ahatallah was drowned by the Portuguese.<ref name="Aprem"/> Some other writers state that Ahatallah was not killed in 1653 and he was sent as a prisoner to Lisbon where he died a natural death in the prison.<ref name="Aprem">{{cite book |last= Aprem |first= (Mar) |title=Mar Abdisho Thondanat-A Biography |date=1987 |publisher=Mar Narsai Press |page=67 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6ZxKAAAAMAAJ}}</ref> Jacob Kollamparambil, a Church historian says that when the ship carrying Ahatallah reached Goa, he was handed over to the inquisition, and he was kept in close custody in the Jesuit house there. He was sent to Portugal on the ship "Nosa Senhora da Graca" from Goa and reached Lisbon on 14 July 1653.<ref name=":0" /> The king of Portugal decided to send him to Rome. Joseph Thekkedath, another Church historian narrates that [[St. Vincent De Paul|Vincent De Paul]], who met Ahatallah at Paris, mentions him in the following words "There remains in this city a good old man of eighty years, a foreigner, who was lodging with the late monsignor Archbishop of Myra. They say he is the Patriarch of Antioch. Be that it may, he is alone and has no mark of prelacy".<ref>{{Cite book|title = History of Christianity in India|last = Thekkedath|first = Joseph|publisher = Theological Publications in India for the Church History Association of India|year = 1982|page= 213}}</ref> Thekkedath also adds that most probably, Ahatalla died in Paris.{{sfnp|Perczel|2011|p=196-footnote|ps=: "but was intercepted, interrogated, handed over to the Inquisition in Goa and, then, was sent to Lisbon and Rome. Finally – most probably – he died in Paris. ''See'' Joseph Thekkedatthu, S.D.B., ''The Troubled Days of Francis Garcia S.J., Archbishop of Cranganore (1641-59'')"}}

==Oath==
The treatment of Ahatalla, shocked the Thomas Christian community, and their wounded feelings effervesced into a mass upsurge that heralded the breaking off from the Padroado of the Portuguese Crown and the Jesuits.{{sfnp|Neill|2004|p={{page needed|date=August 2024}}}}
<blockquote>"''In case the patriarch cannot be produced, he having been killed by the Paulists [Jesuits], let any other person of the four religious orders come here by order of the supreme pontiff, a man who knows Syriac, and can teach us in our offices, except the Paulists, whom we do not at all desire, because they are enemies of us and of the church; with that exception let anybody come, and we are ready to obey without hesitation.''"{{sfnp|Neill|2004|p=319}}</blockquote>

The Thomas Christians made one more attempt to reach some kind of compromise before proceeding to extreme measures. They wrote to Archbishop Garcia, requesting him to come and meet them but Garcia refused to accept the invitation. Seeing that the Archbishop thus turned a deaf ear to their insistent pleas, the Thomas Christians became extremely exasperated. On 3 January 1653, [[Archdeacon Thomas]] and representatives from the community assembled at [[Our Lady of Life Church, Mattancherry|Our Lady of Life Church, (Nossa Senhora da Vida)]] at [[Mattancherry]] to swear "never to submit to the Portuguese". Standing in front of a granite cross, the oath was read aloud with lighted candles, with the Archdeacon and the leading priests touching the Bible.{{sfnp|Thekkedathu|1972|p=60}} The number of people who took part in the oath was so significant that all of them could not touch the cross at the same time. Therefore, they held on to ropes tied to the Cross in all directions.{{sfnp|Thekkedathu|1972|p=60}} Because of the weight, it is said that the cross bent a little and so it is known as Oath of the bent cross (''Coonen Kurisu Sathyam'')<ref name="EtmgyRef1">{{cite book |title=Eastern Churches Journal : A Journal of Eastern Christendom-Volume 10 |date=2003 |publisher=Society of Saint John Chrysostom |page=55 |isbn=9780521548854 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RH4VPgB__GQC|quote=The crowd outside shared in the oath by holding on to a rope tied to a cross in the Churchyard . It is said that the cross bent as a result . Hence the oath is known as Coonan ( bent ) Cross Oath.}}</ref><ref name="EtmgyRef2">{{cite book |last=Oommen|first=M. A. |title=Rethinking Development – Kerala's Development Experience · Volume 1 |date=1999|publisher=Institute of Social Sciences and Concept Publishing Company|page=81 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RH4VPgB__GQC|isbn=9788170227649|quote=The oath is known in history as the Kunan Kurisu Satyam, an oath taken by holding a rope tied to a cross that consequently developed a bend.}}</ref>

After this historic oath, out of a population of 200,000 [[St. Thomas Christians]], only 400 remained loyal to Archbishop Garcia.
The event broke the 54-year-old Padroado supremacy of the Portuguese Crown over the Thomas Christians which was imposed at the [[Synod of Diamper]] in 1599.

==Various interpretations of the events==
The exact wordings of the Coonan Cross Oath is disputed. There are various versions on the wording of swearing.<ref name=Gazette>{{cite book |title=Census of India (1961: Kerala|date=1965 |publisher=Office of the Registrar General|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0JCaAAAAIAAJ|page=111|quote=There are various versions about the wording of swearing, one version being that it was directed against the Portuguese, another that it was directed against Jesuits, and one directed against the authority of church of Rome }}</ref>

==Aftermath==
After the Coonan Cross Oath, three letters were circulated, purportedly sent by Ahathalla. One of these letters, read at a meeting in [[Edappally]] on 5 February 1653, granted the Archdeacon certain powers of the archbishop. Following this, a large group recognized Archdeacon Thomas as the leader of their church. Four senior priests—[[Anjilimoottil Itty Thommen Kathanar|Anjilimoottil Itty Thommen]] Kathanar of Kallisseri, Parambil [[Palliveettil Chandy]] Kathanar of [[Kuravilangad]], [[Kadavil Chandy]] Kathanar of [[Kaduthuruthy|Kaduthuruthi]], and Vengur Giwargis Kathanar of [[Angamaly|Angamali]]—were appointed as his advisors.{{sfnp|Neill|2004|p=320}}{{sfnp|Perczel|2011|p={{page needed|date=August 2024}}}}

At a subsequent meeting in [[Alangad]] on May 23, 1653, another letter, also attributed to Ahathalla, was read. This letter advised that in the absence of a bishop, twelve priests could lay hands on Archdeacon Thomas, which would suffice for episcopal consecration. The authenticity of these letters remains debated. Some believe the letters may have been forged by Anjilimoottil Itty Thommen Kathanar, a skilled Syriac writer. Others suggest that the letters may reflect an ancient [[Church of Alexandria|Alexandrian Church]] tradition of elevating a presbyter to patriarch through the laying on of hands by fellow presbyters. Archdeacon Parambil Thomas was ultimately consecrated as Metropolitan by twelve priests, taking the title [[Thoma I]].{{sfnp|Neill|2004|p=320}}{{sfnp|Neill|2004|p=320}}<ref>{{harvp|Frykenberg|2008|p=368}}: "Archdeacon Thomas, having been elevated to High Metran by the laying on of hands by twelve cattanars, took the title of Mar Thoma I."</ref><ref name="Jerome">{{harvp|Neill|2004|p=320}}: "The basis for this affirmation was what we are told by Jerome was the ancient custom of the church of Alexandria. There, when the patriarch died, the twelve priests of the city churches would elect one of their number as patriarch; the eleven would then lay hands on the elected person and thus consecrate him as their patriarch, and would also immediately elect another presbyter, so that the college should never consist of less than twelve persons."</ref>

Copies of three letters which are said to be written by Ahathalla to Saint Thomas Christians are preserved in the archives of the ''[[Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples|Propaganda Fide]]'' and were published in facsimile by Jacob Kollaparambil, a Church historian.{{sfnp|Perczel|2011|p=213|ps=: "Copies of three letters of Mor A'tallah are preserved in the archives of the Congregatio De Propaganda Fide and were published in facsimile by Jacob Kollaparambil, with an English translation."}} In the first letter, Ahathalla informs Saint Thomas Christians of his coming to India and his detention by the Jesuits; in the second letter, he gives the order for Deacon George (George Parampil, one of his visitors at Mylapore) to be ordained Archdeacon and for the Saint Thomas Christians to establish a body consisting of 12 presbyters, one of whom should be elected as bishop; and in the third letter he legislates that Metropolitan [[Thoma I]] should be nominated as Patriarch of all India.{{sfnp|Perczel|2011|p=212}} István Perczel, observes that the [[Syriac language|Syriac]] of these letters is very strange. The first two letters are written in a similar style, with poor Syriac, but the third one is written in a different style. Some of the historians in Kerala think that second and third letters are forgeries and some consider all three are genuine. Perczel says that it is difficult to conclude the authenticity of these letters; the first and second letters are in poor Syriac, with possible Malayalam influences and moreover the first letter contains many absurd errors; these may be simply due to a copyist. On the other hand, the poor Syriac of the letters and the content style may indicate that they were forged in order to prepare and/or to justify the Coonan Cross revolt, by Saint Thomas Christian priests, having learned Syriac from [[Francisco Ros]].{{sfnp|Perczel|2011|p={{page needed|date=August 2024}}}} He further highlights that the second letter, which served as basis for the enthronement of the Archdeacon Thomas, does not mention him by name, but on the contrary instructs the Saint Thomas Christians to appoint Deacon George Parambil as the Archdeacon and to establish a body consisting of 12 presbyters in order to elect the Metropolitan after the death of Francis Garcia.{{sfnp|Perczel|2011|p={{page needed|date=August 2024}}}} Perczel comments that this contradicts the hypothesis of a forgery by the authors of the Coonan Cross revolt. In fact, those who conducted the revolt and ordained Archdeacon Thomas to the bishopric had to distort the contents of this letter to justify what they did when they attributed to Archdeacon Thomas the rights given by the letter to George Parambil.{{sfnp|Perczel|2011|p={{page needed|date=August 2024}}}}

After the consecration of Thoma I, The information about this consecration was then communicated to all the churches. The vast majority of churches accepted Thoma I as their bishop.{{sfnp|Neill|2004|pp=320-321}} Thus, for the first time in history, Thomas Christians had a bishop from among their own people, and chosen by themselves.{{sfnp|Neill|2004|pp=320-321}} At this point of time, the Portuguese missionaries attempted reconciliation with Saint Thomas Christians but were not successful. Later, [[Pope Alexander VII]] sent a Carmelite priest Joseph Sebastiani as the head of a [[Carmelites|Carmelite]] delegation. The Carmelites claimed that the ordination of the archdeacon by the clergy was not in accordance with church law. He managed to persuade the Thomas Christians, including advisors of Thoma I metran [[Palliveettil Mar Chandy|Palliveettil Chandy]] and [[Kadavil Chandy]] Kathanar . As the validity of Thoma I's consecration was questioned, he began to lose followers. In the meantime, Sebastiani returned to Rome and was ordained as bishop by Pope on 15 December 1659.<ref name="OnSebastiani">{{harvp|Neill|2004|p=324}}: "To bring one of the cattanars to Rome for consecration would have resulted in endless delays...So at the age of thirty-six Joseph Sebastiani, in religion Fr Joseph of Saint Mary OCD, was consecrated secretly on 15 December 1659, and given the title bishop of Hierapolis.....He is appointed as apostolic commissary for the whole of the Serra."</ref> Joseph Sebastiani returned to Kerala in 1661 and within a short time period he restored most of the churches that had been with Thoma I to Rome. Thus, by 1663, 84 of the 116 churches in existence were in favor of Sebastiani, leaving only 32 churches in favor of Thoma I.<ref>{{cite book |title=Christianity in Travancore |first=Gordon Thomson |last=MacKenzie|year=1901|publisher=Travancore Government Press |page=28 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cVQoAAAAYAAJ |isbn=9781230341651}}</ref> However, in 1663, with the conquest of Cochin by the [[Netherlands|Dutch]], the control of the Portuguese on the Malabar coast was lost. The Dutch declared that all the Portuguese missionaries had to leave Kerala. Before leaving Kerala, on 1 February 1663 Sebastiani consecrated [[Palliveettil Chandy]] as the Metran of the Thomas Christians who adhered to the Church of Rome.{{sfnp|Mundadan|Thekkedath|1982|pp=96–100}}<ref name="Rev Placid Podipara">Rev Placid Podipara, The Hierarchy of Syro Malabar Church, in Collected works of Rev Placid Podipara CMI, Vol I p. 719.{{full citation needed|date=August 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite encyclopedia |title=Christians of Saint Thomas (Christian groups, India) |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica |url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/115623/Christians-of-Saint-Thomas |access-date=18 November 2013}}</ref>

Thoma I, meanwhile sent requests to various Oriental Churches to receive canonical consecration as bishop. In 1665, [[Gregorios Abdal Jaleel]], a bishop sent by the Syrian Orthodox Patriarch of Antioch, arrived in India and the faction under the leadership of Thoma I welcomed him. The bishop was sent in correspondence to the letter sent by Thoma to the [[Syriac Orthodox Church|Oriental Orthodox Patriarchate of Antioch]]. Bishop Abdul Jaleel regularised the Episcopal succession of Thoma I.<ref name = Geddes>{{harvs|txt|last=Menachery |year1=1973|loc1={{page needed|date=August 2024}} |year2=1982|loc2={{page needed|date=August 2024}} |year3=1998|loc3={{page needed|date=August 2024}}}}; {{harvp|Podipara|1970|p={{page needed|date=August 2024}}}}; {{harvp|Brown|1956|p={{page needed|date=August 2024}}}}; {{harvp|Tisserant|1957|p={{page needed|date=August 2024}}}}.</ref>{{sfnp|Mundadan|Thekkedath|1982|p={{page needed|date=August 2024}}}} With this, the split among the Saint Thomas Christians became formal. The faction affiliated with the Catholic Church under Bishop [[Palliveettil Chandy]], referred themselves as ''Pazhayakuttukar'', or "Old Allegiance", and called the branch affiliated with [[Thoma I]] as ''Puthankuttukar'', or "New Allegiance".{{sfnp|Vadakkekara|2007|p=84}}{{sfnp|Frykenberg|2008|p=361}}{{sfnp|Fernando |Gispert-Sauch |2004|p=79}}{{sfnp|Chaput|1999|pp=7–8}} These appellations have been somewhat controversial, though, as both parties considered themselves the true heirs to the Saint Thomas tradition, and saw the other party as schismatic.{{sfnp|Vadakkekara|2007|p=84}}

This visit of Abdul Jaleel gradually introduced the [[West Syriac Rite|West Syriac]] liturgy, customs and script to the Malabar Coast.{{sfnp|Vadakkekara|2007|p=88}} The visits of prelates from the [[Syriac Orthodox Church|Syriac Orthodox Church of Antioch]] continued since then and this led to gradual replacement of the East Syriac Rite liturgy with the [[West Syriac Rite]] and the Puthenkoor faction affiliated to the [[Miaphysitism|Miaphysite Christology]] of the [[Oriental Orthodox Churches|Oriental Orthodox Communion]].{{sfnp|Gregorios |Roberson|2008|p=285}}{{sfnp|Vadakkekara|2007|p=91}}<ref>{{Cite book |author=Antonio de Gouvea |year=1606 |title=Jornada do Arcebispo de Goa Dom Frey Aleixo de Menezes Primaz da India oriental |trans-title=Journey of the Archbishop of Goa Dom Frey Aleixo de Menezes Primate of Eastern India |location=Coimbra |publisher=D. Gomez Loureyro |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NaNQAAAAcAAJ |language=pt |oclc=458087197}}</ref> The Pazhayakoor continued with the [[East Syriac Rite|East Syriac]] traditions and stayed within the Catholic Church with [[Diophysite]] Faith.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Perczel|first=István |author-link=István Perczel|title=Some New Documents on the Struggle of the Saint Thomas Christians to Maintain the Chaldaean Rite and Jurisdiction |url=https://www.academia.edu/5266468 |editor1=Peter Bruns |editor2=Heinz Otto Luthe |journal=Orientalia Christiana: Festschrift für Hubert Kaufhold zum 70. Geburtstag |publisher=Harrassowitz Verlag |location=Wiesbaden |year=2013 |pages=415–436 [417]}}</ref> But following the death of [[Palliveettil Chandy]], in 1687, the church was again fallen under the leadership of foreign missionaries for a long time<ref name="Frykenberg_p360">{{harvp|Frykenberg|2008|p=360}}: "...and then later, after 1653 but especially between 1663 and 1710, under the double government of both Padroado and Propaganda, is a long and unending tale of misgovernment, bitterness, tyranny, and woe."</ref> and had to face challenges to their eastern, Syrian and indigenous heritage and rite.<ref name="Frykenberg_on_p369">{{harvp|Frykenberg|2008|p=369}}: "The Yet, those who were Catholic never became fully reconciled to the loss of their 'Eastern', 'Malabar', or 'Syrian' heritage, connection, or rite. Most of all they wanted their own fully autonomous and ethnically distinct bishops and clergy."</ref>

The Pazhayakuttukar eventually gave rise to the modern [[Syro-Malabar Church]] and the [[Chaldean Syrian Church]]. The [[Malankara Church|Puthankuttukar]] evolved into several other denominations known as the [[Malankara Church]](including the [[Jacobite Syrian Christian Church]], the [[Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church]], the [[Mar Thoma Syrian Church]], the [[St. Thomas Evangelical Church of India]], the [[Syro-Malankara Catholic Church]], and the [[Malabar Independent Syrian Church]]).{{sfnp|Frykenberg|2008|p=249}}<ref>{{cite book |last1=Fahlbusch |first1=Erwin |last2=Lochman |first2=Jan Milič |last3=Bromiley |first3=Geoffrey William |last4=Mbiti |first4=John S. |last5=Pelikan |first5=Jaroslav |last6=Barrett |first6=David B. |last7=Vischer |first7=Lukas |title=The Encyclopedia of Christianity |date=1999 |publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing |isbn=978-90-04-11695-5 |pages=686–687 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yaecVMhMWaEC}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Thomas Christians: History & Tradition-Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Thomas-Christians |website=Encyclopædia Britannica|date=4 October 2024 }}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Indo-Persian ecclesiastical relations]]
* [[Malankara Church]]
* [[Goa Inquisition]]
* [[Synod of Diamper]]

==Notes==
{{Reflist}}

==Bibliography==
{{Refbegin|2}}
* {{Cite book|last1=Baum|first1=Wilhelm|author-link1=Wilhelm Baum (historian)|last2=Winkler|first2=Dietmar W.|author2-link=Dietmar W. Winkler |title=The Church of the East: A Concise History |year=2003|location=London & New York|publisher=Routledge-Curzon |isbn=9781134430192 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CnSCAgAAQBAJ}}
* {{Cite book|last=Brown|first=Leslie W.|title=The Indian Christians of St Thomas: An Account of the Ancient Syrian Church of Malabar|year=1956 |location=Cambridge|publisher=Cambridge University Press|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H9gYAAAAIAAJ}}
* {{Cite journal |last=Chaput |first=Pascale |year=1999 |title=La Double identité des chrétiens keralais: confessions et castes chrétiennes au Kerala (Inde du Sud) |trans-title=The Double Identity of Kerala Christians: Confessions and Christian Castes (South India) |journal=Archives de sciences sociales des religions |volume=106 |pages=5–23 |doi=10.3406/assr.1999.1084 |url=http://www.persee.fr/web/revues/home/prescript/article/assr_0335-5985_1999_num_106_1_1084#}}
* {{cite book |last1=Fernando |first1=Leonard |last2=Gispert-Sauch |first2=G. |date=2004 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IcnYAAAAMAAJ |title=Christianity in India: Two Thousand Years of Faith |publisher=Viking |isbn=9780670057696}}
* {{Cite book|last=Frykenberg|first=Robert Eric|title=Christianity in India: From Beginnings to the Present|year=2008|location=Oxford |publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=9780198263777 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mXgSDAAAQBAJ}}
* {{Cite encyclopedia |last1=Gregorios |first1=Paulos |last2=Roberson |first2=Ronald G.| editor-first1=Erwin| editor-last1=Fahlbusch| editor-first2=Jan Milič| editor-last2=Lochman |editor-first3=John |editor-last3=Mbiti|editor-first4=Jaroslav |editor-last4=Pelikan |editor-first5=Lukas |editor-last5=Vischer |encyclopedia=The Encyclopedia of Christianity |title=Syrian Orthodox Churches in India |volume=5 |isbn=978-0-8028-2417-2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lZUBZlth2qgC |access-date=29 March 2010 |year=2008 |publisher=William B. Eerdmans Publishing |pages=285–286}}
* {{cite book |editor-last=Menachery |editor-first=G. |date=1973 |title=The St. Thomas Christian Encyclopedia of India |publisher=B.N.K. Press |place=Trichur |volume=II |isbn=81-87132-06-X}} Lib. Cong. Cat. Card. No. 73-905568; B.N.K. Press (has some 70 lengthy articles by different experts on the origins, development, history, culture... of these Christians, with some 300-odd photographs).
* {{cite book |editor-last=Menachery |editor-first=G. |date=1982 |title=The St. Thomas Christian Encyclopedia of India |publisher=B.N.K. Press |place=Trichur |volume=1}}
* {{cite book |editor-last=Menachery |editor-first=G. |date=1998 |series=The Indian Church History Classics |volume=I |title=The Nazranies |publisher=Ollur |isbn=81-87133-05-8}}
* {{Cite journal |last=Mingana |first=Alphonse |author-link1=Alphonse Mingana |title=The Early Spread of Christianity in India |journal=Bulletin of the John Rylands Library |year=1926 |volume=10 |number=2 |pages=435–514 |doi=10.7227/BJRL.10.2.7 |url=https://www.escholar.manchester.ac.uk/api/datastream?publicationPid=uk-ac-man-scw:1m1200&datastreamId=POST-PEER-REVIEW-PUBLISHERS-DOCUMENT.PDF}}
* {{Cite book|last=Mooken|first=Aprem|author-link=Aprem Mooken |title=The Chaldean Syrian Church in India|year=1977 |location=Trichur |publisher=Mar Narsai Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QwkuAAAAYAAJ}}
* {{Cite book|last=Mooken|first=Aprem|author-link=Aprem Mooken|title=The Chaldean Syrian Church of the East|year=1983 |location=Delhi |publisher=National Council of Churches in India |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HMoP4lsmGXoC}}
* {{Cite book|last=Mundadan|first=Mathias|author-link=Mathias Mundadan|title=The Arrival of the Portuguese in India and the Thomas Christians Under Mar Jacob, 1498–1552|year=1967 |location=Bangalore|publisher=Dharmaram College |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UqEhAAAAMAAJ}}
* {{cite book|author1-last=Mundadan|author1-first=Anthony Mathias|author2-first=Joseph|author2-last=Thekkedath|author1-link=Mathias Mundadan |year=1982|title=History of Christianity in India|volume=2|location=Bangalore|publisher=Church History Association of India}}
* {{Cite book|last=Neill|first=Stephen|author-link=Stephen Neill |title=A History of Christianity in India: The Beginnings to AD 1707|year=2004 |orig-year=1984|location=Cambridge |publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=9780521548854 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RH4VPgB__GQC}}
* {{cite journal|title=Four apologetic church histories from India |first=István |last=Perczel|author-link=István Perczel|journal=The Harp |volume=24|year=2011|publisher=Gorgias Press |isbn=9781463233136 |editor1=Baby Varghese|editor2=Jacob Thekeparampil|editor3=Abraham Kalakudi |editor1-link=Baby Varghese |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/333954350}}
* {{cite book |last=Podipara |first=Placid J. |date=1970 |title=The Thomas Christians |place=London |publisher=Darton, Longman & Todd |isbn=978-0-232-51140-6 |url=https://archive.org/details/thomaschristians0000podi/page/n5/mode/2up}}
* {{Cite book|title=The troubled Days of Francis Garcia S. J. Archbishop of Cranganore (1641–1659) |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=chkD52PhJZUC&q=The+Troubled+Days+of+Francis+Garcia+S.+J |first=Joseph|last=Thekkedathu|publisher=Gregorian Biblical BookShop |year=1972 |isbn=9788876521584}}
* {{cite book |last=Tisserant |first=E. |author-link=Eugène Tisserant|date=1957 |title=Eastern Christianity in India: A History of the Syro-Malabar Church from the Earliest Times to the Present Day |others=Translated and edited by E. R. Hambye |place=Westminster, MD |publisher=Newman Press}}
* {{Cite book|last=Vadakkekara|first=Benedict|title=Origin of Christianity in India: A Historiographical Critique|year=2007 |location=Delhi |publisher=Media House|isbn=9788174952585 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7f3YAAAAMAAJ}}
* {{cite book |editor-last= Whitehouse |editor-first= Thomas |title=Lingerings of light in a dark land: Researches into the Syrian church of Malabar|date=1873 |publisher=William Brown and Co. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ie4CAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA308}}
* {{Cite book|last=Wilmshurst|first=David|title=The Ecclesiastical Organisation of the Church of the East, 1318–1913|year=2000 |location=Louvain|publisher=Peeters Publishers|isbn=9789042908765 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jB8ir0ek8bgC}}
* {{Cite book|last=Wilmshurst|first=David|title=The martyred Church: A History of the Church of the East|year=2011|location=London |publisher=East & West Publishing Limited|isbn=9781907318047 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zfxNtwAACAAJ}}
{{refend}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Coonan Cross Oath}}
* [http://malankaraorthodoxchurch.in/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=101&Itemid=220// History of the Orthodox Church]
* [http://www.smcim.org/ History of the Syro-Malabar Church]
* [http://www.jacobitesyrianchurch.org Jacobite Syrian Church]

{{Christianity footer}}{{Christianity in Kerala}}

[[Category:Chaldean Syrian Church]]
[[Category:Catholic Church in India]]
[[Category:Oriental Orthodoxy in India]]
[[Category:Portuguese in Kerala]]
[[Category:17th-century Eastern Catholicism]]
[[Category:17th century in Portuguese India]]
[[Category:Political uprisings in India]]
[[Category:1653 in Christianity]]
[[Category:1653 in India]]
[[Category:Mattancherry]]
[[Category:Religious oaths]]
[[Category:Kingdom of Cochin]]

Swati Popat Vats

2026-03-16T16:00:10Z

ErmelindaDez: added a data

{{short description|Indian educationist, entrepreneur, and author}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2024}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Swati Popat Vats
| image =
| birth_date =
| occupation = {{hlist|Educationist|author}}
| birth_place = [[Mumbai]], [[India]]
| years_active = 1986-present
| title = * President of Early Childhood Association (ECA)
* President of Podar Education Network
| awards = NZTC Fellowship of Honour, IDA Education Awards 2023 for Exemplary Leadership in Early Learning
| spouse =
| children =
| website =
}}

'''Swati Popat''' (née '''Vats''') is an Indian educationist, [[parenting]] mentor, [[entrepreneur]], and [[author]] in the field of [[early childhood education]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=क्या बच्चों को स्कूल भेजकर पढ़ाना ज़रूरी है? |url=https://www.bbc.com/hindi/india-43544846 |access-date=2024-05-18 |work=BBC News हिंदी |language=hi}}</ref> Her areas of expertise are child [[psychology]], [[pedagogy]], and [[curriculum]] development. She is the president at the Early Childhood Association (ECA) India<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ayyappan |first=Aathira |date=2019-11-15 |title=How much time can your kids spend on your smartphone? Dr Swati Popat Vats has the numbers |url=https://www.edexlive.com/breaking/2019/Nov/15/how-much-time-can-your-kids-spend-on-your-smartphone-dr-swati-popat-vats-has-the-numbers-9086.html |access-date=2024-05-18 |website=EdexLive |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Dias |first=Harsimran Gill, Karen |title=Magazine: On set with India's child actors |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2015/6/12/magazine-on-set-with-indias-child-actors |access-date=2024-05-18 |website=Al Jazeera |language=en}}</ref> and the Association for Primary Education and Research (APER) India.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-11-11 |title=ECA launches Association for Primary Education and Research (APER) |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/education-today/news/story/eca-launches-association-for-primary-education-and-research-aper-1617871-2019-11-11 |access-date=2024-05-18 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref> She also serves as the president of the Podar Education Network<ref>{{Cite news |date=2018-09-05 |title=Maharashtra among states with fewest women principals |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/maharashtra-among-states-with-fewest-women-principals/articleshow/65678382.cms |access-date=2024-05-18 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> and is the founder and director of Podar Jumbo Kids and Podar Prep.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2016-06-21 |title=Schools celebrated International Yoga Day with much fervour across the city |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/schools-celebrated-international-yoga-day-with-much-fervour-across-the-city/articleshow/52847011.cms |access-date=2024-05-18 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

Vats has received recognition for her contributions to education, both domestically and internationally.<ref name="Kiducation">{{Cite web |date=12 February 2024 |title=Burlington English & Early Childhood Association of India Join Hands to Develop NCF-Aligned books following Play-Based pedagogy |url=https://www.apnnews.com/burlington-english-early-childhood-association-of-india-join-hands-to-develop-ncf-aligned-books-following-play-based-pedagogy/ |website=APNNews}}</ref>

==Career==
===Educationist===
Vats has been in the field of education for 38 years. She holds several positions in the education sector globally.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-06-17 |title=Podar Pearl School holds investiture ceremony |url=https://www.gulf-times.com/story/719367/podar-pearl-school-holds-investiture-ceremony |access-date=2024-05-18 |website=Gulf Times |language=en}}</ref> These include the President of Podar Education Network, Early Years Consultant, Series Editor for the [[University of Cambridge|Cambridge]] International Early Years Program in India, and serving on the advisory board of [[Cambridge University Press and Assessment]] South Asia.<ref>{{Cite web |date=14 October 2021 |title=Introducing the Cambridge South Asia Advisory Board |url=https://www.cambridge.org/news-and-insights/South-Asia-Advisory-Board |website=Cambridge}}</ref>

She is also a Global member of the Think Tank of [[Kidzania]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=ScooNews |first=Team |date=2018-10-16 |title=KidZania adopts the model of direct learning by "doing". |url=https://scoonews.com/news/news-in-our-school-education-we-need-to-move-from-writing-and-copying-from-the-blackboard-to-more-activities-that-are-hands-on-and-interactive-3344/ |access-date=2024-05-18 |website=scoonews.com |language=en-US}}</ref> She is the founder expert on the world's first video-based parenting [[website]] Born Smart which helps parents understand and nurture brain development in the first 1000 days.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dutta |first=Shelly Walia, Saptarishi |date=2015-02-09 |title=Homework, stress, and tradition make it hard for Indian parents to spare the rod |url=https://qz.com/india/340795/homework-stress-and-tradition-make-it-hard-for-indian-parents-to-spare-the-rod |access-date=2024-05-18 |website=Quartz |language=en}}</ref>

She has also designed ECE curriculum for multiple global preps.

===Author===
Vats authored over 30 books for children, parents and educators covering topics such as early childhood development and effective [[parenting]] strategies. Notable among her works is 'Once Upon a Story,' co-authored with [[Vinitha]], which offers insights into the life and teaching methodology of [[Gijubhai Badheka]], targeting educators.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Reporter |date=2019-06-15 |title=Once Upon a Story- A book launched on the teachings of educationist, Gijubhai Badeka |url=https://www.punekarnews.in/once-upon-a-story-a-book-launched-on-the-teachings-of-educationist-gijubhai-badeka/ |access-date=2024-05-18 |website=Punekar News |language=en-US}}</ref> Additionally, Vats co-authored 'Once Upon a Child' with [[Swaroop Sampat]], which is about the life and times of [[Lev Vygotsky]] and how his work has found an important place in the [[Reggio Emilia approach]].

==Contribution to early childhood education==
Vats has studied the early childhood policy and [[curriculum]] of more than 52 countries and is instrumental in adapting the Te Whariki curriculum of the government of [[New Zealand]] and some other countries' curriculums. As an advocate for children's rights, Vats has worked incessantly to promote developmentally-appropriate curriculums and ban school interviews of children.<ref>{{Cite web |date=23 December 2018 |title=Interviewing kids separately for pre-primary admissions isn't okay: Parents |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/report-interviewing-kids-separately-for-pre-primary-admissions-isn-t-okay-parents-2699243 |website=DNA India}}</ref> As President of Early Childhood Association, she is involved with many state governments in developing the policy for ECE and CBSE board's optional subject of ECE for standard XI and XII.

Vats has also introduced Kiducation philosophy which is about education from the point of view of the child's overall development. Its goal is to make changes in the education system, by obliterating stress by gifting children stress-free learning.<ref name="Kiducation" />

Her most recent agenda is the pursuit of bringing awareness about child safety be it road safety or the safety of children and adolescents from sexual abuse and for this, she has organized workshops<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 March 2011 |title=Teachers in a flap over kids locking lips |url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/bangalore/cover-story/teachers-in-a-flap-over-kids-locking-lips/articleshow/21643294.cms |website=Bangalore Mirror}}</ref> and written two books 'When Touch Becomes Trouble' and 'The Secret Touch', and a handbook 'A New Normal - Understand.Prevent.Heal: Winning the war against [[child sexual abuse]]',<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 June 2014 |title=Saving kids from the monster |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/society/saving-kids-from-the-monster/article6075174.ece |website=The Hindu}}</ref> that can help kids, teachers, and parents. She has used stories to train children on Good Touch Bad Touch and teachers on POCSO awareness.<ref>{{Cite web |date=29 November 2010 |title=Toddlers taught about good touch, bad touch |url=https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/mumbai/other/toddlers-taught-about-good-touch-bad-touch/articleshow/16077633.cms |website=Mumbai Mirror}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=29 January 2011 |title=A touch of sexed |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/a-touch-of-sexed/articleshow/7383023.cms |website=TOI}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=8 January 2013 |title=Schools become agents of change |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/mumbai/schools-become-agents-of-change/story-eUUeXu2doy5lSbVXpfHiCO.html |website=Hindustan Times}}</ref>

She has delivered two TED talks, titled ''Innocence''<ref>{{Cite web |date=June 2020 |title=Innocence |url=https://www.ted.com/talks/dr_swati_popat_vats_innocence |website=Ted}}</ref> and ''A Full Brain Work-Out.''<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 May 2024 |title=Storytelling: A Full Brain Workout Dr. Swati Popat Vats TEDxBund Garden Youth |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bbB_XDbiX5I |website=YouTube |publisher=[[TED (conference)|TedX Talks]] |language=en |format=video}}</ref>

==Bibliography==
*{{cite book |title=Jumbo Ideas for Happy Roads |date=2010 |publisher=Podar publishing |isbn=978-8190795364 |language=English}}
*{{cite book |title=Who Likes Mud? |date=2011 |publisher=eca-india.org |isbn=978-9380711102 |language=English}}
*{{cite book |title=Choosing the right education for your child.. |date=2011 |publisher=eca-india.org |isbn=978-9380711027 |language=English}}
*{{cite book |title=When Touch Becomes Trouble |date=2012 |isbn=978-9380711140 |language=English}}
*{{cite book |title=How to teach so kids can learn |date=2013 |publisher=Podar publishing |isbn=978-8190795333 |language=English}}
*{{cite book |title=Are you unknowingly harming your child |date=2013 |publisher=Podar publishing |isbn=978-8190795302 |language=English}}
*{{cite book |title=Red Riding hood and the wolf |date=2013 |publisher=Podar publishing |isbn=978-9380711133 |language=English}}
*{{cite book |title=Why does Zelda need stripes |date=2013 |publisher=Podar publishing |isbn=978-8190795319 |language=English}}
*{{cite book |title=Goldilocks and the three magic words|date=2013 |isbn=978-9380711126 |language=English}}
*{{cite book |title=How to be a Super Mom |date=2013 |publisher=Podar publishing |isbn=978-8190795388 |language=English}}
*{{cite book |title=Parikrama |date=2014 |publisher=eca-india.org |isbn=978-8192786827 |language=English}}
*{{cite book |title=BORN SMART |date=2015 |publisher=Podar publishing |isbn=978-9380711249 |language=English}}
*{{cite book |title=Safety Manual for Kindergartens & Early Childhood Centres |date=2015 |publisher=eca-india.org |isbn=978-8192786834 |language=English}}
*{{cite book |title=The secret touch |date=2015 |publisher=Podar publishing |isbn=978-9380711324 |language=English}}
*{{cite book |title=My Diwali Story |date=2015 |publisher=Podar Publishing |isbn=978-9380711201 |language=English}}
*{{cite book |title=Growing Up With Mahatma Gandhi |date=2015 |publisher=Podar Publishing |isbn=978-9380711348 |language=English}}
*{{cite book |title=The Tiger The Bee The Sparrow |date=2016 |publisher=Early Childhood Association |isbn=978-8192786889 |language=English}}
*{{cite book |title=Quality in Early Childhood Education |date=2016 |publisher=eca-india.org |isbn=978-8192786865 |language=English}}
*{{cite book |title=Look Who's Talking |date=2016 |publisher=Podar Publishing |asin=B01BDRP7UG |asin-tld=in |language=English}} (co-authored with Shiven Jain)<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 February 2016 |title=The shocking findings in this survey of 900 kids will force you to introspect |url=https://news.yahoo.com/the-shocking-findings-in-this-survey-of-900-kids-102955179.html |website=Yahoo! News}}</ref>
*{{cite book |title=Effective Practices for Addressing Challenging Behaviours |date=2016 |publisher=eca-india.org |isbn=978-8192786858 |language=English}}
*{{cite book |title=A-Z OF PARENTING |date=2017 |publisher=EARLY CHILDHOOD ASSOCIATION |isbn=978-8192786803 |language=English}}
*{{cite book |title=Once Upon A Gift |date=2017 |publisher=Crossword and WritePlace |isbn=978-9392091001 |language=English}} (co-authored)
*{{cite book |title=Super Dads are Born Smart |date=2017 |publisher=Podar publishing |isbn=978-9380711041 |language=English}}
*{{cite book |title=EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION: POLICY INTO PRACTICE |date=2017 |publisher=EARLY CHILDHOOD ASSOCIATION |isbn=978-8192786896 |language=English}}
*{{cite book |title=Once Upon a Story: Divaswapna and the Gijubhai Method |date=2019 |publisher=The Write Place & Authors Upfront |isbn= 978-9-38728-031-1 |language=English}} (co-authored with [[Vinitha]])
*{{cite book |title=Ms. Pencil and Her Team |date=2020 |publisher=Kakani Edu Media Pvt Ltd |asin=B08JD1V3QS |asin-tld=in |language=English}}
*{{cite book |title=Foundational Numeracy |date=2020 |publisher=Scholastic India |isbn=978-9354719646 |language=English}} (co-authored with Fatema Agarkar)
*{{cite book |title=Yash and Yashika Learn about Coding |date=2020 |publisher=Scholastic India |isbn=978-9390066780 |language=English}}
*{{cite book |title=My Feelings |date=2020 |publisher=Early Childhood Association |isbn=978-8193599853 |language=English}}
*{{cite book |title=NEP - National Education Policy - From policy to practice |date=2021 |publisher=Edu-Tech Publishing |asin=B08WK8DQ6B |asin-tld=in |language=English}} (co-authored)
*{{cite book |title=Cod and Codie Love to Code |date=2021 |publisher=Scholastic India |isbn=978-9390189755 |language=English}}
*{{cite book |title=Gosh! Why does Gina need spots? |date=2021 |publisher=Early Childhood Association |isbn=978-8195351138 |language=English}}
*{{cite book |title=No! I am not a takin |date=2021 |isbn=978-9389058529 |language=English}}
*{{cite book |title=No! I am not a Kangaroo |date=2021 |isbn=978-9389058512 |language=English}}
*{{cite book |title=No! I am not an Elephant |date=2021 |isbn=978-9389058505 |language=English}}
*{{cite book |title=Understanding Metacognition in the foundational years |date=2021 |publisher=Edu-Tech Publishing |asin=B08WK71218 |asin-tld=in |language=English}} (co-authored)
*{{cite book |title=Why do words and numbers confuse Jai and Sashi |date=2021 |publisher=Scholastic India |isbn=9789351035336 |language=English}}
*{{cite book |title=Once Upon a Child |date=2024 |publisher=Scholastic India |isbn=978-9354718618 |language=English}} (co-authored with [[Swaroop Sampat]])

==Awards and recognitions==
*NZTC Fellowship of Honour 2012 by New Zealand Tertiary College.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Intouch_October_2019 |url=https://www.nztertiarycollege.ac.nz/sites/default/files/Intouch_October_2019.pdf |website=New Zealand Tertiary College}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Journey of innovation spans decades for NZTC Fellowship of Honour recipient |url=https://www.nztertiarycollege.ac.nz/news/early-childhood-education-health-and-wellbeing/journey-innovation-spans-decades-nztc |website=New Zealand Tertiary College}}</ref>
*IDA Education Awards 2023 for Exemplary Leadership in Early Learning by India Didactics Association<ref>{{Cite web |title=IDA Education Awards 2023 - Winners |url=https://awards.indiadidac.org/education/winners-2023/ |website=IDA}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Popat Vats, Swati}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Indian writers]]
[[Category:Indian children's writers]]
[[Category:Indian women children's writers]]
[[Category:Indian educators]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian women educators]]

Arjun Chidambaram

2026-03-12T14:52:03Z

ErmelindaDez:

{{Short description|Indian actor}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2016}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Arjun Chidambaram
| birth_date = 
| birth_place = [[Chennai]], [[Tamil Nadu]]
| occupation = Actor
}}

'''Arjun Chidambaram''' is an Indian actor, who has appeared in Tamil language films. He made his debut as an actor in ''[[Moone Moonu Varthai]]'' (2015). He made a breakthrough appearing in ''[[Nerkonda Paarvai]]'' (2019). He has since appeared in leading and supporting roles in films.

==Career==
Arjun is a theatre artist who acts in plays. Arjun himself wrote plays such as ''First Day, First Show''. Arjun worked with the Evam and [[Stray Factory]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/Arjun-plays-the-negative-lead-in-Michael-Muthus-film/articleshow/55619637.cms|title=Arjun plays the negative lead in Michael Muthu's film|website=The Times of India|access-date=11 April 2020|archive-date=23 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200923141525/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/Arjun-plays-the-negative-lead-in-Michael-Muthus-film/articleshow/55619637.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> He got the opportunity as the protagonist of [[S. P. B. Charan]]'s production, ''[[Moone Moonu Varthai]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/music/I-called-SPB-sir-taathson-the-set-Arjun-Chidambaram/articleshow/47730773.cms|date=13 January 2017|title=I called SPB sir taaths on the set-Arjun|work=Times of India|access-date=9 December 2019|archive-date=21 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231121073410/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/music/I-called-SPB-sir-taathson-the-set-Arjun-Chidambaram/articleshow/47730773.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2017, he signed onto ''[[Rum (film)|Rum]]'' where he played a deaf and mute hacker.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/when-theatre-actors-turn-to-film/article17676976.ece|title=A flight from the fringes|first=Subha J.|last=Rao|date=27 March 2017|work=The Hindu|access-date=1 May 2020|archive-date=12 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112003941/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/when-theatre-actors-turn-to-film/article17676976.ece|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/when-theatre-actors-turn-to-film/article17676976.ece|title=A flight from the fringes|work=The Hindu|first=Subha|last=J Rao|date=27 March 2017|access-date=1 May 2020|archive-date=12 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112003941/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/when-theatre-actors-turn-to-film/article17676976.ece|url-status=live}}</ref>

Arjun got his break through role as Adhik in [[H. Vinoth]]'s ''[[Nerkonda Paarvai]]'' alongside [[Ajith Kumar]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/ak59-ajith-s-pink-remake-full-cast-and-crew-revealed-see-here-1440727-2019-01-28|date=28 January 2019|title=AK59: Ajith's Pink remake full cast and crew revealed. See here|work=India Today|access-date=9 December 2019|archive-date=10 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191210013631/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/ak59-ajith-s-pink-remake-full-cast-and-crew-revealed-see-here-1440727-2019-01-28|url-status=live}}</ref> He played the antagonist of the film who attempts to abuse a woman and takes revenge once she refused. Arjun took the role as it will set an example of how men should not be and the film opens up discussion about sexual violence and consent.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/with-nerkonda-paarvai-ajith-sir-has-set-a-big-example-for-others-5883390/lite/|date=6 August 2019|title=With Nerkonda Paarvai Ajith Sir has set a big example for others|work=The Indian Express|access-date=17 December 2019|archive-date=10 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191210005912/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/with-nerkonda-paarvai-ajith-sir-has-set-a-big-example-for-others-5883390/lite/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/meet-the-four-young-actors-who-face-off-with-thala-ajith/articleshow/70482198.cms|title=Meet the four young actors who face-off with Thala Ajith|website=The Times of India|last1=Menon|first1=Thinkal|access-date=1 May 2020|archive-date=23 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190823015836/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/meet-the-four-young-actors-who-face-off-with-thala-ajith/articleshow/70482198.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2019/jul/30/i-absolutely-loved-ajith-sirs-court-scene-adhik-ravichandran-on-nerkonda-paarvai-2011222.html|title=I absolutely loved Ajith sir's court scene: Adhik Ravichandran on 'Nerkonda Paarvai'|website=The New Indian Express|date=30 July 2019 |access-date=1 May 2020|archive-date=10 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191210005921/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2019/jul/30/i-absolutely-loved-ajith-sirs-court-scene-adhik-ravichandran-on-nerkonda-paarvai-2011222.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Arjun was then officially cast in [[Mani Ratnam]]'s ''[[Ponniyin Selvan: I]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2019/dec/19/arjun-chidambaram-joins-the-cast-of-mani-ratnams-ponniyin-selvan-2078119.html|title=Arjun Chidambaram joins the cast of Mani Ratnam's Ponniyin Selvan|date=19 December 2019|website=The New Indian Express|access-date=19 December 2019|archive-date=1 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201033240/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2019/dec/19/arjun-chidambaram-joins-the-cast-of-mani-ratnams-ponniyin-selvan-2078119.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/arjun-chidambaram-joins-the-cast-of-ponniyin-selvan/articleshow/72901262.cms|title=Arjun Chidambaram joins the cast of Ponniyin Selvan|date=20 December 2019|website=Times of India|access-date=21 December 2019|archive-date=21 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191221071137/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/arjun-chidambaram-joins-the-cast-of-ponniyin-selvan/articleshow/72901262.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Filmography==

=== Films ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="background:#f5f5f5;"
|- style="background:#B0C4DE;"
! Year
! Film
! Role
! class="unsortable" | Notes
|-
| 2015 || ''[[Moone Moonu Varthai]]'' || Arjun|| Debut film
|-
| 2017 || ''[[Rum (film)|Rum]]'' || Kural||
|-
| rowspan="2"|2019 || ''[[Nerkonda Paarvai]]'' || Adhik||
|-
| ''[[Enai Noki Paayum Thota]]'' || Police officer|| Uncredited
|-
| 2020 || ''[[Theeviram]]'' || Ismail ||
|-
| 2022 ||''[[Ponniyin Selvan: I]]'' || Varagunan ||
|-
| rowspan="3"|2023 || ''[[Aneethi]]'' || Ajee ||
|-
| ''[[Kolai (film)|Kolai]]'' || Arjun ||
|-
| ''[[Raththam]]'' || Shyam Sunder ||
|-
| 2025 || ''[[Thug Life (2025 film)|Thug Life]]'' || Kahlua ||
|}

=== Web series ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+
!Year
!Title
!Role(s)
!Platform
!Notes
|-
|2018
|''[[America Mappillai]]''
|Ganesh
|[[ZEE5]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-02-23|title=American Mappillai review: An interesting addition to the Tamil web series arena|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/american-mappillai-review-tamil-web-series-5074304/|access-date=2020-12-01|website=The Indian Express|language=en|archive-date=22 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180222153313/http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/american-mappillai-review-tamil-web-series-5074304/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|2019
|''[[Auto Shankar (web series)|Auto Shankar]]''
|Inspector Kathiravan
|ZEE5
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Auto Shankar Review: An effective, profanity-laced retelling|url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/reviews/tamil/2019/apr/23/auto-shankar-review-an-effective-profanity-laced-retelling-11194.html|access-date=2020-12-01|website=[[Cinema Express]]|date=23 April 2019 |language=en|archive-date=13 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200813232407/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/reviews/tamil/2019/apr/23/auto-shankar-review-an-effective-profanity-laced-retelling-11194.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=December 21, 2019|title=Nerkonda Paarvai actor Arjun Chidambaram to play a key role in Mani Ratnam's Ponniyin Selvan|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/nerkonda-paarvai-actor-arjun-chidambaram-to-play-a-key-role-in-mani-ratnam-s-ponniyin-selvan-1630359-2019-12-21|access-date=2020-12-01|website=India Today|language=en|archive-date=28 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210228044848/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/nerkonda-paarvai-actor-arjun-chidambaram-to-play-a-key-role-in-mani-ratnam-s-ponniyin-selvan-1630359-2019-12-21|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-04-27|title=Auto Shankar's a well-shot series which gets sluggish with each episode|url=https://www.filmcompanion.in/features/tamil-features/auto-shankar-web-series-review-a-well-shot-crime-thriller-thats-great-when-its-not-indulgent/|access-date=2020-12-01|website=Film Companion|language=en-US|archive-date=20 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210920015316/https://www.filmcompanion.in/features/tamil-features/auto-shankar-web-series-review-a-well-shot-crime-thriller-thats-great-when-its-not-indulgent/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|2019
|''Behind Closed Doors''
|Prashanth
|[[Viu (streaming media)|VIU]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-02-13|title='Behind Closed Doors' review: A refreshing Tamil-English web series on relationships|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/behind-closed-doors-review-refreshing-tamil-english-web-series-relationships-96645|access-date=2020-12-01|website=The News Minute|language=en|archive-date=26 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211026154138/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/behind-closed-doors-review-refreshing-tamil-english-web-series-relationships-96645|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|2020
|''[[Addham]]''
|Ajith
|[[Aha (streaming service)|Aha]]
|Telugu series Segment: "The Unwhisperable Secret".<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-10-16|title='Addham': How the Telugu web series on moral dilemmas was made|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/addham-how-telugu-web-series-moral-dilemmas-was-made-135471|access-date=2020-12-01|website=The News Minute|language=en|archive-date=22 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201022175356/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/addham-how-telugu-web-series-moral-dilemmas-was-made-135471|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=October 10, 2020|last=Janani K.|title=Addham trailer out: Aha's new anthology is all about morality|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/addham-trailer-out-aha-s-new-anthology-is-all-about-morality-1730225-2020-10-10|access-date=2020-12-01|website=India Today|language=en|archive-date=12 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201012185205/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/addham-trailer-out-aha-s-new-anthology-is-all-about-morality-1730225-2020-10-10|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Addham Movie Review: An anthology that falls short of expectations|url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/reviews/telugu/2020/oct/16/addham-movie-reviewan-anthology-that-falls-short-of-expectations-20834.html|access-date=2020-12-01|website=[[Cinema Express]]|date=16 October 2020 |language=en|archive-date=29 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201029112046/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/reviews/telugu/2020/oct/16/addham-movie-reviewan-anthology-that-falls-short-of-expectations-20834.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|2023||''[[The Village (2023 TV series)|The Village]]''|| Prakash || [[Amazon Prime Video]]
|
|}

===Short films===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="background:#f5f5f5;"
|- style="background:#B0C4DE;"
! Year
! Film
! Role
! scope="col" class="unsortable"|{{Tooltip|Ref(s)|Reference(s)}}
|-
| 2014 || ''The Unknown'' || Kumar || style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/exploring-the-unknown/article7227708.ece|title=Exploring the unknown|first=Sukanya|last=Sriraman|date=20 May 2015|work=The Hindu|access-date=1 May 2020|archive-date=8 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220808081408/https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/exploring-the-unknown/article7227708.ece|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|}

===Dubbing artist===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="background:#f5f5f5;"
|- style="background:#B0C4DE;"
! Year
! Film
! Actor
! scope="col" class="unsortable"|{{Tooltip|Ref(s)|Reference(s)}}
|-
|2021||''[[Doctor (2021 film)|Doctor]]''||[[Milind Soman]]||
|-
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb name|6780701}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Chidambaram, Arjun}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian Tamil people]]
[[Category:Actors from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Male actors in Tamil cinema]]
[[Category:Actors in Tamil theatre]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

Utsavam (2024 film)

2026-03-03T09:12:11Z

ErmelindaDez: added a info

{{Short description|2024 Indian Drama film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2024}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Utsavam<ref>{{cite news |title=Utsavam movie Cast & Crew |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movie-details/utsavam/movieshow/107983515.cms |newspaper=The Times of India}}</ref>
| image = Utsavam2024 film.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = Arjun Sai
| writer = Arjun Sai
| screenplay =
| story =
| producer = Suresh Patil
| starring = {{plain list|
*Dilip Prakash<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.indiaherald.com/Movies/Read/994673472/Dileep-and-Regina-Utsavam-teaser-is-trending-on-social-media | title=సోషల్ మీడియాలో దూసుకుపోతున్న దిలీప్, రెజీనా ఉత్సవం టీజర్ |language=Telugu | trans-title=Dilip & Regina's Utsavam Teaser Trending on social media|website=India Herald}}</ref>
*[[Regena Cassandrra]]<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/utsavam-regina-cassandras-next-with-first-time-director-arjun-sai-wraps-its-shoot/d6b87054f7454 | title=Utsavam: Regina Cassandra's next with first-time director Arjun Sai wraps its shoot|website=[[OTTPlay]] }}</ref>
*[[Prakash Raj]]
*[[Rajendra Prasad (actor)|Rajendra Prasad]]
*[[Nassar (actor)|Nassar]]
*[[Brahmanandam]]
*[[Ali (actor)|Ali]]
}}
| cinematography = [[Rasool Ellore]]
| editing = [[Kotagiri Venkateswara Rao]]
| music = [[Anup Rubens]]
| studio = Hornbill Pictures
| released = {{Film date|2024|09|13|df=y}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
}}

'''''Utsavam''''' is a 2024 Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[Drama (film and television)|family drama]] film directed by Arjun Sai in his directorial debut. Produced by Suresh Patil under Hornbill Pictures, The film stars newcomer Dilip Prakash and [[Regena Cassandrra]] in the lead roles with [[Rajendra Prasad (actor)|Rajendra Prasad]], [[Prakash Raj]], [[Brahmanandam]], [[Ali (actor)|Ali]], and [[Nassar (actor)|Nassar]]. ''Utsavam'' was released on 13 September 2024.

==Plot==
The film follows the story of Krishna (Dilip Prakash), a passionate individual determined to revive the age-old tradition of theater plays in modern times. Set against the backdrop of the ''Surabhi Natakalu''—a legendary form of Telugu theater—the film delves into Krishna's journey to bring this art form back to life. Alongside his love interest, Rama ([[Regina Cassandra]]), and guided by his father, Abhimanyu Narayan ([[Prakash Raj]]), Krishna faces numerous challenges as he strives to uphold the legacy of theater. The film combines love, drama, and a deep respect for cultural heritage, presenting a heartfelt narrative about preserving art in the face of modernity.

==Cast==
{{Cast listing|
*Dilip Prakash as Krishna Abhimanyu
*[[Regena Cassandrra]] as Rama
*[[Rajendra Prasad (actor)|Rajendra Prasad]] as Aaradhyulu
*[[Prakash Raj]] as Abhimanyu Narayana
*[[Brahmanandam]] as Guinness Book Panthulu
*[[Ali (actor)|Ali]] as Naradhudu
*[[Nassar (actor)|Nassar]] as Mahadev Nayudu
*[[Raghu Babu]] as Raju Garu
*[[L. B. Sriram]]
*[[Anish Kuruvilla]]
*[[Priyadarshi Pulikonda]] as Software CEO
*[[Prema (Kannada actress)|Prema]]
*[[Aamani]]
*[[Sudha (actress)|Sudha]]
}}

==Production==
''Utsavam'' marks the directorial debut of Arjun Sai, who also penned the script. Suresh Patil produces the film under Hornbill Pictures, a production house known for backing content-driven cinema. Rasool Ellore handles the film's cinematography, while the music is composed by [[Anup Rubens]]. The movie's soundtrack features a mix of romantic and thematic songs, with contributions from prominent lyricists like [[Anantha Sriram]], [[Vanamali]], and [[Bhaskarabhatla]]. The film's editing is done by [[Kotagiri Venkateswara Rao]]. The film has been in the making since 2022.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-05-23 |title='Utsavam' team wraps up post-production work; gears up for a grand release |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/regina-cassandras-utsavam-wraps-up-shooting-see-pics/articleshow/91746122.cms |access-date=2024-09-01 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

On 22 May 2023, ''Utsavam'' team wraps up [[post-production]] work.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/regina-cassandras-utsavam-wraps-up-shooting-see-pics/articleshow/91746122.cms | title='Utsavam' team wraps up post-production work; gears up for a grand release | newspaper=The Times of India | date=23 May 2022 }}</ref> On 26 January 2024, the makers officially unveiled the first look poster of the film on the occasion of [[Republic Day]],<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/first-look-poster-of-telugu-film-utsavam-starring-dilip-prakash-and-regina-cassandra-directed-by-arjun-sai-has-been-unveiled/6679b1b9a5527 | title=Watch - First look poster of Dilip Prakash and Regina Cassandra's Telugu film Utsavam |website=[[OTTPlay]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/tollywood/utsavam-first-look-leaves-positive-impact-854016 | title='Utsavam' first look leaves positive impact |website=[[The Hans India]]| date=26 January 2024 }}</ref> and on 28 January 2024, the teaser of the film was released.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.idlebrain.com/news/today/utsavam-teaser.html|title=Utsavam Teaser|website=idlebrain.com}}</ref>

==Soundtrack==
The music of ''Utsavam'' has been well-received, with singles like "First Kiss" and "Marriages Are Made in Heaven" gaining popularity.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Features |first=C. E. |date=2024-08-20 |title=Utsavam makers release new single 'Marriages Are Made In Heaven' |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/news/2024/Aug/20/utsavam-makers-release-new-single-marriages-are-made-in-heaven |access-date=2024-09-01 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref> The songs, sung by artists like [[Armaan Malik]], [[Ram Miriyala]], and [[Anurag Kulkarni]], showcase a blend of various musical styles, ranging from youthful, groovy beats to traditional Carnatic influences.

{{Soundtrack
| headline = {{center|{{big|''Utsavam'' track listing}}}}
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length =
| title1 = First Kiss
| length1 = 4:24
| lyrics1 = [[Anantha Sriram]]
| extra1 = [[Ram Miriyala]]
| title2 = Marriages Are Made in Heaven
| length2 = 3:34
| lyrics2 = [[Anantha Sriram]]
| extra2 = [[Armaan Malik]]
}}

== Release and reception ==
The film was theatrically released on 13 September 2024, with [[Mythri Movie Makers|Mythri Movie Distributors]] handling distribution across Andhra Pradesh and Telangana,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Features |first=C. E. |date=2024-08-13 |title=Utsavam's theatrical rights acquired by Mythri Movie Makers |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/news/2024/Aug/13/utsavams-theatrical-rights-acquired-by-mythri-movie-makers |access-date=2024-09-01 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref> and [[Hombale Films]] for Karnataka.<ref name=":1" />

A critic from ''[[The Times of India]]'' rated the film two-and-a-half out of five stars and wrote that "With its heart in the right place, Utsavam is a tribute to traditional Telugu theatre and an earnest attempt to draw attention to a fading art form. While the core premise is strong, the execution is uneven, and the romance feels clichéd at times".<ref>{{Cite news |first=Paul|last=Nicodemus|date=2024-09-13 |title=Utsavam Movie Review : A Celebration of Traditional Telugu Theatre |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movie-reviews/utsavam/movie-review/113366970.cms |access-date=2024-09-17 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> A critic from ''[[The Hans India]]'' rated the film three out of five and wrote that "Utsavam" is an emotional ode to theatre alone, a balancing act between tradition and innovation. Though not a perfect film, it is an important film as it shows the struggles of artists in a commercialized world".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sistu |first=Suhas |date=2024-09-13 |title='Utsavam' movie review: A tribute to theatre art|url=https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/utsavam-movie-review-a-tribute-to-theatre-art-906680 |access-date=2024-09-17 |website=www.thehansindia.com |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==

{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|31100572}}

{{Portal bar|India|Film}}

[[Category:2024 Indian films]]
[[Category:Indian drama films]]
[[Category:2024 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:Indian family films]]
[[Category:2024 drama films]]
[[Category:2024 films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Anoop Rubens]]

Nethaji

2026-03-03T04:49:36Z

ErmelindaDez: new

{{About|the film|the Indian independence leader known as Nethaji|Subhas Chandra Bose}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2023}}
{{Infobox film
| image = Nethaji VCD cover.jpg
| caption = VCD cover
| director = [[Kicha (director)|Murthy Krishna]]
| writer = Murthy Krishna
| producer = G. Ramesh G. Suresh
| starring = [[R. Sarathkumar|Sarathkumar]] [[Lisa Ray]]
| cinematography = S. Muthu Ganesh
| editing = V. Uthaya Sankaran
| music = [[Vidyasagar (composer)|Vidyasagar]]
| studio = G.K Films International
| released = {{Film date|df=y|1996|11|10}}
| runtime = 150 minutes
| country = India
| language = Tamil
}}

'''''Nethaji''''' ({{IPAc-en|n|eɪ|θ|ɑː|dʒ|ɪ}}: {{translation|Respected Leader}}){{efn|Also the title character.}} is a 1996 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[action film]] written and directed by Murthy Krishna (later known as [[Kicha (director)|Kicha]]) in his debut. The film stars [[R. Sarathkumar|Sarathkumar]] and [[Lisa Ray]]. It was released on 10 November 1996.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nethaji ( 1996 ) |url=http://www.cinesouth.com/cgi-bin/filmography/newfilmdb.cgi?name=nethaji |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090901151932/http://www.cinesouth.com/cgi-bin/filmography/newfilmdb.cgi?name=nethaji |archive-date=1 September 2009 |access-date=16 September 2012 |website=Cinesouth}}</ref>

== Plot ==
{{More plot|date=May 2023}}
Karunamurthy, an honest home minister, is forced to help terrorists kill the current governor to save his daughter Priya. Nethaji, an upright journalist, runs a newspaper called "India" and falls in love with Priya. Baba is a terrorist who smuggles arms with his right-hand Dharma. Nethaji saves the scientist Shivashankari from terrorists, and Charan, a police officer, congrats Nethaji and arrests Baba. Dharma hurts Nethaji's sister and niece Ammu and later kidnaps the latter. Dharma threatens Nethaji to kill Ammu, and Nethaji is forced to kidnap Shivashankari. Nethaji kidnaps Shivashankari and saves Ammu, and later, Charan arrests him. The rest of story is how Nethaji will be able to prove himself innocent and punish the terrorists.

== Cast ==
{{cast listing|
*[[R. Sarathkumar|Sarathkumar]] as Nethaji
*[[Lisa Ray]] as Priya
*[[Manivannan]] as Mani
*[[Babu Antony]] as Baba
*[[Charan Raj]] as ACP Charan
*[[Kitty (actor)|Kitty]] as Karuna Murthy
*[[Senthil]]
*[[Jyothi Meena]]
*Vimalraj as Dharma
*Manimala as Shivashankari
*Sudha as Nethaji's sister
*Baby Nikitha as Ammu
*CID Sakunthala
}}

== Production ==
The film marked the directorial debut of Murthy Krishna,<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |last=Vijiyan |first=K. N. |date=6 January 1997 |title=Movie marred by poor acting and storyline |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=x8G803Bi31IC&dat=19970105&printsec=frontpage&hl=en |access-date=14 January 2025 |work=[[New Straits Times]] |pages=61 |via=[[Google News Archive]]}}{{cbignore}}</ref> who used the screen name [[Kicha (director)|Kicha]] for his subsequent ventures.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Aggarwal |first=Asmita |date=2 August 2024 |title=Lisa Ray interview: 'Motherhood has forced me to prioritize what truly matters' |url=https://thefederal.com/category/features/lisa-ray-interview-motherhood-has-forced-me-to-prioritize-what-truly-matters-136624 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250114163157/https://thefederal.com/category/features/lisa-ray-interview-motherhood-has-forced-me-to-prioritize-what-truly-matters-136624 |archive-date=14 January 2025 |access-date=14 January 2025 |website=[[The Federal]] |language=en}}</ref> [[Antara Mali]] was originally chosen as the lead actress; however she got a chance to act in Hindi films and left the film uninformed, thus she was replaced by [[Lisa Ray]].<ref>{{Cite magazine |date=4 August 1996 |title=நடிக்க வருகிறார் மனநல மருத்துவர்! |url=https://archive.org/download/kalki1996-08-04/kalki1996-08-04.pdf |access-date=14 May 2023 |magazine=[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]] |pages=8–10 |language=Ta |via=[[Internet Archive]]}}</ref>

== Soundtrack ==
The music was composed by [[Vidyasagar (composer)|Vidyasagar]], with lyrics written by [[Vaali (poet)|Vaali]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=31 August 2014 |title=Nethaji |url=https://www.jiosaavn.com/album/nethaji/TqhbBy00fQs_ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230512054032/https://www.jiosaavn.com/album/nethaji/TqhbBy00fQs_ |archive-date=12 May 2023 |access-date=12 May 2023 |website=[[JioSaavn]]}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
! Singers !! Song !! Duration
|-
| "Holey Holey Chinchilei" || [[Vidyasagar (composer)|Vidyasagar]], [[Swarnalatha]] || 5:14
|-
| "Machamunna Machamthan" || Vidyasagar, Gopal Rao, Sindhu || 5:01
|-
| "My Dear My Dear" || [[Anuradha Sriram]], [[Febi Mani]], Fiji Mani, [[Pop Shalini]] || 5:07
|-
| "Nerunga Nerunga" || [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[S. Janaki]] || 4:52
|-
| "Raappothu" || [[Anuradha Sriram]] || 5:06
|}

== Critical reception ==
R. P. R. of ''[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]]'' felt there were too many plots and the screenplay crosses from continent to continent.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=ஆர். பி. ஆர் |date=22 December 1996 |title=நேதாஜி |url=https://archive.org/details/kalki1996-12-22/page/n81/mode/2up |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20230511145726/https://archive.org/details/kalki1996-12-22/page/n81/mode/2up |archive-date=11 May 2023 |access-date=11 May 2023 |magazine=[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]] |page=80 |language=Ta |via=[[Internet Archive]]}}</ref> K. N. Vijiyan of ''[[New Straits Times]]'' wrote, "Murthi's directorial debut is marred by glaring mistakes made in the storyline so much so that it becomes implausible and leaves the audience very frustrated".<ref name=":0" />

== Notes ==
{{Notelist}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{IMDb title}}

[[Category:1996 Indian films]]
[[Category:1996 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:1996 action films]]
[[Category:1996 directorial debut films]]
[[Category:1996 films]]
[[Category:Films about terrorism in India]]
[[Category:Films directed by Kicha (director)]]
[[Category:Films scored by Vidyasagar (composer)]]
[[Category:Indian action films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language action films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]

Pudhalvan

2026-03-03T04:48:12Z

ErmelindaDez: enhance citations per standard format for clarity

{{More citations needed|date=January 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Pudhalvan
| image =
| caption =
| director = Selva Vinayagam
| producer = P. Vijayagowri
| writer = [[P. Kalaimani]] (dialogues)
| story = [[Paruchuri brothers]]
| screenplay = Selva Vinayagam
| starring = [[Ramki]] [[Pragathi (actress)|Pragathi]]
| music = [[Deva (composer)|Deva]]
| cinematography = Ravindhar
| editing = P. Venkateswara Rao
| distributor = P. N. R. Pictures
| studio = Vijaya Gowri Films
| released = {{Film date|df=y|1997|12|26}}
| runtime = 105 minutes
| country = India
| language = Tamil
}}

'''''Pudhalvan''''' is a 1997 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[action drama film]] directed by Selva Vinayagam, who had previously directed the films ''[[Kottai Vaasal]]'' (1992) and ''[[Aranmanai Kaavalan]]'' (1994). The film stars [[Ramki]] and [[Pragathi (actress)|Pragathi]], with [[Vijayakumar (Tamil actor)|Vijayakumar]], [[Jayanthi (actress)|Jayanthi]], newcomer Raghavi, Mohan Natarajan, S. N. Vasanth and [[Raja Ravindra|Raja Raveendar]] playing supporting roles. It was released on 26 December 1997.<ref>{{Cite web |title=புதல்வன் / Pudhalvan (1997) |url=https://screen4screen.com/movies/pudhalvan |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231227030824/https://screen4screen.com/movies/pudhalvan |archive-date=27 December 2023 |access-date=10 January 2024 |website=Screen 4 Screen}}</ref> The film was a remake of Telugu film ''Doshi Nirdoshi'' (1990).{{Cn|date=June 2024}} Two years after release, the producers were given a {{INR}}5 lakh subsidy by the then Tamil Nadu Chief Minister [[M. Karunanidhi]] along with ten other films.<ref>{{Cite news |date=30 March 1999 |title=Subsidy for low budget films distributed |url=http://www.cscsarchive.org:8081/MediaArchive/art.nsf/%28docid%29/6225E0E2596F95C065256940004BD706?OpenDocument |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080427180556/http://www.cscsarchive.org:8081/MediaArchive/art.nsf/(docid)/6225E0E2596F95C065256940004BD706?OpenDocument |archive-date=27 April 2008 |access-date=4 July 2024 |work=[[The New Indian Express]] |agency=[[Press Trust of India|PTI]]}}</ref>

==Plot==

Siva ([[Ramki]]) is an honest police inspector who was brought up by the judge Sathyamoorthy ([[Vijayakumar (Tamil actor)|Vijayakumar]]) when his mother died. Sathyamoorthy has two sons: Ramesh (S. N. Vasanth) and Raja (Raja Raveendar). The influential smuggler Mudaliar (Mohan Natarajan) often clashes with Siva and Sathyamoorthy. Siva and the jolly college student Priya ([[Pragathi (actress)|Pragathi]]) fall in love and later get married with Sathyamoorthy's blessing.

One day, Raja rapes Mudaliar's daughter. The next day, Raja is found dead and Siva conducts the investigation. Ramesh admits to his father that he killed Raja. Sathyamoorthy decides to protect Ramesh at all costs, while Siva wants to send Ramesh to jail. What transpires later forms the crux of the story.

==Cast==
{{cast listing|
*[[Ramki]] as Inspector Siva
*[[Pragathi (actress)|Pragathi]] as Priya
*[[Vijayakumar (Tamil actor)|Vijayakumar]] as Sathyamoorthy
*[[Jayanthi (actress)|Jayanthi]] as Parvathi
*[[Rani (Tamil actress)|Rani]]
*[[Meesai Murugesan]]
*[[Pandu (actor)|Pandu]]
*[[Halwa Vasu]]
*Mohan Natarajan as Mudaliar
*[[S. N. Vasanth]] as Ramesh
*[[Raja Ravindra|Raja Raveendar]] as Raja
*Soundar as Soundar
*[[Thideer Kannaiah]]
*Raghavi
*Manager Cheena
*Vincent Roy
*Anuja
*M. G. Raja Gopal
*R. K.
*Musthafa
*Mukilan
}}

==Soundtrack==

The soundtrack was composed by [[Deva (composer)|Deva]], with lyrics written by [[Vairamuthu]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pudhalvan |url=https://gaana.com/album/pudhalvan |access-date=10 January 2024 |website=[[Gaana (music streaming service)|Gaana]] |archive-date=10 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240110042128/https://gaana.com/album/pudhalvan |url-status=live }}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
! Song !! Singer(s) !! Duration
|-
| "Cellular Phone" || [[Anuradha Sriram]], Chorus || 5:07
|-
| "Kannaana Kanna" || Krishna Sundar || 4:59
|-
| "Kumari Ponnu" || Krishna Sundar, [[Swarnalatha]] || 5:02
|-
| "MBBS Naan" || Swarnalatha || 4:20
|-
| "Sattangal Veru" || [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]] || 4:43
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{IMDb title}}

[[Category:1990s action drama films]]
[[Category:1997 Indian films]]
[[Category:1997 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:1997 films]]
[[Category:Fictional portrayals of the Tamil Nadu Police]]
[[Category:Films scored by Deva (composer)]]
[[Category:Indian action drama films]]
[[Category:Tamil remakes of Telugu films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]

Viswanathan Ramamoorthy (film)

2026-03-03T04:34:34Z

ErmelindaDez: typo fix

{{short description|2001 film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| image = Viswanathan Ramamoorthy (film).jpg
| caption = Title card
| director = [[Rama Narayanan]]
| producer = N. Radha
| writer = Rama Narayanan
| starring = {{ubl|[[Ramki]]|[[Vivek (actor)|Vivek]]|[[Roja Selvamani|Roja]]|[[Vindhya (actress)|Vindhya]]|[[Kovai Sarala]]}}
| music = [[S. A. Rajkumar]]
| cinematography = [[N. K. Viswanathan]]
| editing = Rajkeerthi
| studio = [[Sri Thenandal Films]]
| released = {{Film date|df=y|2001|8|10|ref1=}}
| runtime = 130 minutes
| country = India
| language = Tamil
}}

'''''Viswanathan Ramamoorthy''''' is a 2001 Indian [[Tamil language]] [[comedy film]] written and directed by [[Rama Narayanan]]. The film stars [[Ramki]], [[Vivek (actor)|Vivek]], [[Roja Selvamani|Roja]], [[Vindhya (actress)|Vindhya]], and [[Kovai Sarala]]. It was released on 10 August 2001.<ref>{{Cite web |title=viswanathan ramamoorthy ( 2001 ) |url=http://www.cinesouth.com/cgi-bin/filmography/newfilmdb.cgi?name=viswanathan%20ramamoorthy |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061029140311/http://cinesouth.com/cgi-bin/filmography/newfilmdb.cgi?name=viswanathan%20ramamoorthy |archive-date=29 October 2006 |access-date=2012-02-26 |website=Cinesouth}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=1 December 2002 |title=நட்சத்திர படப் பட்டியல் |url=https://ibb.co/cTSgjhM |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240202064212/https://ibb.co/cTSgjhM |archive-date=2 February 2024 |access-date=2 February 2024 |work=[[Cinema Express]] |pages=41–43 |language=Ta}}</ref> The film is inspired by the 1970 Tamil film ''[[Veettuku Veedu]]'' which was based on [[Chithralaya Gopu]]'s play ''Thikku Theriyatha Veettil'' which in turn was an adaptation of the English comedy play ''Right Bed Wrong Husband''.<ref name="tamilstar">{{Cite web |title=Movie: Viswanathan Ramamurthy |url=http://www.tamilstar.com/reviews/visram/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051230161701/http://www.tamilstar.com/reviews/visram/ |archive-date=30 December 2005 |access-date=2022-04-28 |website=Tamil Star Online}}</ref><ref name="hindu review">{{Cite news |last=Rangarajan |first=Malathi |date=2001-08-17 |title=Film Review : Viswanathan Ramamoorthy |url=http://www.hindu.com/2001/08/17/stories/09170222.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130125051631/http://www.hindu.com/2001/08/17/stories/09170222.htm |archive-date=2013-01-25 |access-date=2012-02-26 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> The film's title pays homage to the composer duo [[Viswanathan–Ramamoorthy]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mannath |first=Malini |title=Vishwanathan Ramamurthy |url=http://www.chennaionline.com/location/vrmurthy.asp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040313080624/http://www.chennaionline.com/location/vrmurthy.asp |archive-date=13 March 2004 |access-date=19 July 2022 |website=Chennai Online}}</ref>

== Plot ==
Viswanathan is the timid husband of Meena, a small-time artist. Viswanathan’s friend Ramamoorthy, along with his wife Shenbagam, go from their village to Chennai with the hopes of becoming a movie director. Ramamoorthy and Shenbagam stay in Viswanathan’s home. While Meena is away for a few days for shooting, Viswanathan discovers that his uncle has died with a will of Rs. 30 lakhs written in favour of Viswanathan. However, there is a check in the will that the money should be granted to Viswanathan only if Meena behaves well with Viswanathan. There comes Kathavarayan, Viswanathan’s uncle’s manager (who is in charge of the money) and his daughter Andal. As Meena is away for shooting, Ramamoorthy comes up with a plan. Ramamoorthy requests Shenbagam to act as Meena in front of Kathavarayan, so that he develops confidence and hands over the money. Meanwhile, Andal gets attracted towards Ramamoorthy, believing him to be the man who comes in her dreams often. Meena is cheated by her manager and is in financial distress. She gets back to her home and is shocked to see Shenbagam acting as her. However, Meena agrees for the plan as she is also in need of money. After many funny incidents, Kathavarayan gives the money to Viswanathan as Meena has transformed into a caring wife now. Andal comes to her memory which she had lost long ago when she had gone to a temple feast with Kathavarayan. Viswanathan also decides to produce a movie to be directed by Ramamoorthy as a token of thanks.

== Cast ==
{{cast listing|
*[[Ramki]] as Viswanathan
*[[Vivek (actor)|Vivek]] as Ramamoorthy
*[[Roja Selvamani|Roja]] as Meena
*[[Vindhya (actress)|Vindhya]] as Shenbagam
*[[Kovai Sarala]] as Andal
*[[Vennira Aadai Moorthy]] as Kathavarayan, Andal's father
*[[R. Sundarrajan]] as Ramamoorthy's father
*[[Kumarimuthu]] as a film producer
*[[M. R. Krishnamurthy|M.R.K]] as Viswanathan's uncle
*[[Idichapuli Selvaraj]] as Restaurant Owner
*[[Mayilsamy]] as Sukumar
*Kalidoss as Loan Shark
*[[Master Mahendran]] as Mahendran
*Telephone Mani as Police Constable
*Kottai Perumal
*[[Vijayakanth]] as Himself (cameo appearance)<ref>{{Cite web |last=V |first=Sankaran |date=8 February 2024 |title=கேப்டன் விஜயகாந்த் சம்பளமே வாங்காமல் நடித்துக் கொடுத்த படங்கள்!.. அட இவ்வளவு இருக்கா?.. |url=https://cinereporters.com/captain-vijayakanth-acted-the-movies-without-salary/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240214053830/https://cinereporters.com/captain-vijayakanth-acted-the-movies-without-salary/ |archive-date=14 February 2024 |access-date=14 February 2024 |website=CineReporters |language=ta}}</ref>
}}
==Production==
The film was shot at Chennai and Karaikudi.<ref>{{cite web |title=Vishwanathan Ramamurthy |url=http://www.tamilstar.com/preview/vis/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030104153008/http://www.tamilstar.com/preview/vis/ |archive-date=4 January 2003 |access-date=26 September 2024 |website=Tamil Star}}</ref>
== Soundtrack ==
The music was composed by [[S. A. Rajkumar]], with lyrics written by [[Pa. Vijay]], [[Snehan]] and Rama. Narayanan.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.audiocdworld.com/product/kamarasu-visvanathan-ramamurthy-nageshwary-s-a-rajkumar-tamil-audio-cd-ramiy-records/|title=KAMARASU / VISVANATHAN RAMAMURTHY / NAGESHWARY – S.A.Rajkumar Tamil Audio CD Ramiy Records|work=Audio CD World|access-date=2 February 2024|archive-date=2 February 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240202143917/https://www.audiocdworld.com/product/kamarasu-visvanathan-ramamurthy-nageshwary-s-a-rajkumar-tamil-audio-cd-ramiy-records/|url-status=live}}</ref>
{{Track listing
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length =
| title1 = Vairathil Mazhai
| lyrics1 =
|extra1 =[[Anuradha Sriram]]
|title2=Thirupathi Malaikku
|extra2=[[Nithyasree Mahadevan]]
|title3=Naan Superstar
|extra3=Sujatha
|title4=Hey Rama
|extra4=Srinivas, Supraja
|title5=Cinema Cinema
|extra5=Deva
}}

== Reception ==
''Tamil Star Online'' said, "The film is not a disappointment, because there was not much of an expectation from the beginning. Those who have seen the director's earlier films know exactly what to expect. So, while the urban audience may squirm in their seats, the targetted audience – the B and C centres as they call them in filmy parlance – will most probably lap it all up".<ref name="tamilstar" /> Malathi Ragarajan of ''[[The Hindu]]'' said, "Unfortunately, Rama. Narayanan is unable to use the setup creatively".<ref name="hindu review" />

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title}}
* {{Rotten Tomatoes}}
{{Rama Narayanan}}
[[Category:2001 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:2001 comedy films]]
[[Category:2001 films]]
[[Category:2001 Indian films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Rama Narayanan]]
[[Category:Films scored by S. A. Rajkumar]]
[[Category:Films shot in Chennai]]
[[Category:Films shot in Karaikudi]]
[[Category:Indian comedy films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language comedy films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]

Uma Sharma

2026-02-27T21:51:14Z

ErmelindaDez: added page further and improved wording

{{Short description|Indian dancer}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2018}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Uma Sharma
| birth_date = {{birth year and age|1942}}
| birth_place = [[Dholpur]]
| occupation = Classical Dancer, choreographer, teacher
| image = Uma Sharma bharat-s-tiwari-photography- MG 7378-Edit January 11, 2020-2.jpg
}}
'''Uma Sharma''' (born 1942) is a [[kathak]] [[Indian classical dance|dancer]], choreographer and teacher. She also runs the Bharatiya Sangeet Sadan, a classical dance and music academy, situated in [[New Delhi]], founded by her father in 1946. She is most known for reviving the old classical dance form of ''Natwari Nritya'' or the [[Raslila]] of [[Brindavan]], which later evolved into the Kathak.<ref name=in>{{Cite web |url=http://www.indiansarts.com/UmaSharmapage.htm |title=Uma Sharma Profile |access-date=10 March 2010 |archive-date=13 July 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110713025557/http://www.indiansarts.com/UmaSharmapage.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>[[#Ri|Richmond, p. 198]].</ref><ref>[[#Ma|Massey, p. 83]]</ref>

Kathak is based on devotional Krishna poetry of the medieval centuries and the highly cultivated court poetry of the 18th and 19th centuries which celebrated ''[[shringara]]'', the sentiment of love.

==Early life and training==
Uma Sharma's family hails from Dholpur in Rajasthan. Born in Delhi in 1942, Uma Sharma received her dance training from Guru Hiralalji and Girvar Dayal of the Jaipur gharana, and subsequently she became a student of Pandit Sunder Prasad of the [[Jaipur]] [[gharana]] who emphasised rhythmic footwork and its permutations. [[Shambhu Maharaj]] and [[Birju Maharaj]] noted gurus of the Kathak tradition of the [[Lucknow]] gharana, known for the art of [[abhinaya]], subsequently Uma Sharma sought to achieve a creative fusion of the two.<ref name=in/>
Uma went to [[St. Thomas' School (New Delhi)]] for schooling, and then graduated from [[Lady Shri Ram College for Women]], also in New Delhi.

[[File:Kathak Dance Uma Sharma Performing on Eve of Mirza Ghalib Anniversary-008.jpg|thumb|Uma Sharma Performing on Eve of Mirza Ghalib Anniversary]]
==Career==
After having learnt the presentation of traditional items, she has widened the repertoire of Kathak by composing new dance numbers and full length dance-dramas on a variety of themes. Her dance drama ''Stree'' (Woman), has been known its powerful thematic content and artistic presentation. As a one-woman exposition Stree Kathak gives emotive thrust in depicting the position of Woman down the centuries and her search for an independent identity.

Uma has performed all over the country and participated in many a national and international festivals. She has been on performance tours to USSR, New Zealand, Australia, USA, Canada, Middle East, Japan and China, both on invitation from organizations abroad and as a representative of the Department of Culture and the [[Indian Council for Cultural Relations]].

Uma Sharma runs her own School of Music and Dance in the capital and has trained a whole new generation of younger dancers.

However, veteran dance critic and scholar Sunil Kothari of New Delhi, has criticized her dance as always being very Bollywood oriented in nature. He has also accused her of misusing her connections with various government officials to gain awards and publicity. Uma hasn't commented on such allegations.

==Awards==
In 1973 she became the youngest dancer be conferred upon with the [[Padma Shri]] by [[Government of India]],<ref>{{cite news |title=Two expressions in the medium of dance|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/Two-expressions-in-the-medium-of-dance/articleshow/40999493.cms |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=22 Mar 2003 |first1=Vandana |last1=Shukla}}</ref> and [[Padma Bhushan]] 2001.<ref name="Padma Awards">{{cite web|url=http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf |title=Padma Awards |publisher=Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India |date=2015 |access-date=21 July 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151015193758/http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf |archive-date=15 October 2015 }}</ref> She was awarded the [[Sangeet Natak Akademi Award]] and also the [[Sahitya Kala Parishad#Sahitya Kala Parishad Awards|Sahitya Kala Parishad Award]]. On 27 January 2013, she was honoured with title '''Srijan Manishi''' by [[Akhil Bhartiya Vikram Parishad, Kashi]] for her great contribution to Indian Kathak Dance.

==Notes==
{{Reflist}}

==References==
* {{cite book |title=Indian theatre: traditions of performance|last=Richmond |first=Farley P. |author2=Darius L. Swann |author3=Phillip B. Zarrilli |year=1993 |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass|isbn=81-208-0981-5|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3HIh7oPkvAMC&q=Uma+Sharma&pg=PA198 |ref=Ri }}
* {{cite book |title=India's kathak dance, past present, future|last=Massey |first=Reginald|year=1999 |publisher=Abhinav Publications|isbn=81-7017-374-4|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yFXkPk3zMeYC&q=Uma+Sharma&pg=RA1-PA85 |ref=Ma }}

==External links==
* [http://www.uma-sharma.com/ Uma Sharma Website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190914110238/http://www.uma-sharma.com/ |date=14 September 2019 }}

{{Padma Shri Award Recipients in Art}}
{{PadmaBhushanAwardRecipients 2000–09}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sharma, Uma}}
[[Category:Kathak dancers]]
[[Category:1942 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Dancers from Delhi]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in arts]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Bhushan in arts]]
[[Category:Lady Shri Ram College alumni]]
[[Category:Indian female classical dancers]]
[[Category:Indian dance teachers]]
[[Category:Indian classical choreographers]]
[[Category:Dance education in India]]
[[Category:Teachers of Indian classical dance]]
[[Category:Indian women choreographers]]
[[Category:Women educators from Delhi]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian dancers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian educators]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian women educators]]
[[Category:Educators from Delhi]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian women artists]]

Godumalai

2026-02-22T21:03:42Z

ErmelindaDez: added content per sources also and updated info

{{Short description|Reserve Forest}}
{{no footnotes|date=January 2015}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Infobox protected area
| name = Godumalai Forest Reserve
| image = Godumalai.jpg
| image_caption =
| map =
| relief =
| map_width =
| label =
| iucn_category =
| location = [[Salem district|Salem]], [[India]]
| nearest_city = [[Salem, Tamil Nadu|Salem]], [[India]]
| coordinates = {{coords|11|40|55.38|N|78|21|2.96|E|display=inline, title}}
| area =
| established =
| visitation_num =
| visitation_year =
| governing_body =
}}

'''Godumalai''' is a reserve forest and is located on the east side of [[Salem district|Salem]] District of [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]]. The estimated terrain elevation is 553 meters above sea level. It located 20 km away from Salem town. Godumalai is also known as '''Godhamalai'''.

As per research data from [[Periyar University]], Godumalai hill contains an estimated [[iron ore]] reserve of 12.7 million tonnes down to a depth of 30.5 meters, while the other regions around the hill are estimated to contain 10.7 million tonnes in the same depth.

==References==
* [http://in.geoview.info/godumalai,1271101 About Godumalai]
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=6cTC1dWTZGMC&dq=godumalai+salem&pg=PA144 Research information]
* [https://archive.today/20150118183942/http://www.thehindu.com/2005/09/05/stories/2005090503990300.htm In news]

[[Category:Reserved forests of India]]

{{SalemIN-geo-stub}}

Jyoti Shukla

2026-02-07T13:35:30Z

ErmelindaDez: Put up some details first draft - done

{{Short description|Indian handball player}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2025}}

{{Infobox sportsperson
| name = Jyoti Shukla
| image =
| caption =
| nationality = Indian
| birth_date = 17 July 1996
| birth_place = Kakadev, [[Kanpur]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], India
| occupation = Handball player
| years_active = 2018–present
| spouse = Udit (m. 28 February 2023)
| position = Line player
| team = [[India women's national handball team]], [[Uttar Pradesh]] (domestic)
}}

'''Jyoti Shukla''' (born 17 July 1996)<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Handball SHUKLA Jyoti - The 19th Asian Games |url=https://www.ocagames.com/HZ_Info/AG2022-/en/results/handball/athlete-profile-n2030239-shukla-jyoti.htm |access-date=2025-07-15 |website=www.ocagames.com}}</ref> is a handball player from [[Uttar Pradesh]]. She plays for the [[India women's national handball team|India women’s National Handball team]] as a line player. She plays for Uttar Pradesh in the domestic events. She represented India in two [[Asian Games]], Olympic qualification matches and Asian Women's Championships.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Shukla Jyoti - Handball player profile & career statistics - Global Sports Archive |url=https://globalsportsarchive.com/people/handball/shukla-jyoti/556212/ |access-date=2025-07-15 |website=globalsportsarchive.com}}</ref>

== Early life ==
Shukla is from [[Kakadeo|Kakadev]], [[Kanpur]], Uttar Pradesh, India. She is the daughter of Shiv Shankar Shukla and Meera Shukla. Her sister Lakshmi Shukla is also a handball player. She married Udit on 28 February 2023. [[Handball Association of India]] treasurer Anandeshwar Pandey, Kanpur Olympic Association general secretary Rajat Aditya Dixit and many Indian handball team players attended the marriage and blessed Jyoti and Udit.<ref>{{Cite web |title=UP: अंतरराष्ट्रीय हैंडबॉल खिलाड़ी ज्योति ने उदित संग लिए सात फेरे, जयमाल के बाद दोनों डीजे पर जमकर थिरके |url=https://www.amarujala.com/photo-gallery/uttar-pradesh/kanpur/marriage-of-handball-player-jyoti-shukla-and-national-swimmer-udit-2023-02-28 |access-date=2025-07-15 |website=Amar Ujala |language=hi}}</ref>

== Career ==
In 2024, Shukla played the Women's Handball League.<ref>{{Cite web |last=India |first=Press Trust of |date=2024-02-06 |title=Photos: Women's Handball League launched in Delhi |url=https://www.siasat.com/photos-womens-handball-league-launched-in-delhi-2973039/ |access-date=2025-07-15 |website=The Siasat Daily |language=en}}</ref>

In August 2023, Shukla was selected to represent India in the [[Asian Women's Handball Championship|Asian championship]] at Hiroshima, Japan.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-08-15 |title=Sapna Kashyap, Jyoti Shukla to represent Indian handball team at Asian championship in Japan |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kanpur/sapna-kashyap-jyoti-shukla-to-represent-indian-handball-team-at-asian-championship-in-japan/articleshow/102738184.cms |access-date=2025-07-15 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

Shukla was the captain of the Indian handball team that took part in the [[2022 Asian Games]] held from 23 September to 8 October 2023 in Hangzhou, China.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mehta |first=Shourya |date=2023-09-25 |title=India Handball at 2023 Asian Games: Full Squad, Schedule, Medal Chances |url=https://thebridge.in/asian-games/india-handball-2023-asian-games-full-squad-schedule-medal-chances-43970 |access-date=2025-07-15 |website=thebridge.in |language=en}}</ref> [[Diksha Kumari]] of Haryana was her deputy.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-09-20 |title=एशियन गेम्स के लिए भारतीय महिला हैंडबॉल टीम घोषित: कानपुर की ज्योति शुक्ला होंगी टीम की कप्तान |url=https://www.bhaskar.com/local/uttar-pradesh/kanpur/news/indian-womens-handball-team-announced-for-asian-games-131868854.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230930184252/https://www.bhaskar.com/local/uttar-pradesh/kanpur/news/indian-womens-handball-team-announced-for-asian-games-131868854.html |archive-date=2023-09-30 |access-date=2025-07-15 |work=Dainik Bhaskar |language=hi}}</ref> This is the fifth Asian Games for the Indian women's handball team. They finished third in a tough group behind Japan and China and failed to advance.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Peesara |first=Anuraag |date=30 September 2023 |title=Asian Games 2023 handball: Indian women's team's campaigns ends in group stage |url=https://www.olympics.com/en/news/asian-games-2023-hangzhou-women-handball-schedule-results-india |access-date=11 July 2025 |website=Olympics}}</ref>

In 2018, she was part of the Indian team that played the [[2018 Asian Games]] in Jakarta, [[Indonesia]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=PTI |date=2018-08-25 |title=Handball: Indian women finish ninth |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/asian-games-2018/handball-indian-women-finish-ninth/article24780497.ece |access-date=2025-07-15 |website=Sportstar |language=en}}</ref> In 2018, she also played the [[Asian Women's Handball Championship|Asian Women's Championships]] in Japan.<ref name=":0" />

== Awards ==

* Shukla received the Rani Laxmibai Award from Uttar Pradesh chief minister [[Yogi Adityanath]] for her significant contribution to sports in January 2023.

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Shukla, Jyoti}}
[[Category:1996 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian women's handball players]]
[[Category:People from Kanpur]]
[[Category:Sportswomen from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian sportswomen]]
[[Category:Handball players at the 2018 Asian Games]]
[[Category:Handball players at the 2022 Asian Games]]

Jan Huyghen van Linschoten

2026-02-03T18:16:35Z

ErmelindaDez:

{{Short description|Dutch merchant, traveller and writer (1563-1611)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
[[File:JanHuygenVanLinschoten.png|thumb|Portrait of Jan Huygen van Linschoten, from the ''princeps'' edition of his ''Itinerario''.]]
'''Jan Huygen van Linschoten''' (1563 – 8 February 1611) was a Dutch spy, merchant, traveller and writer.

He travelled extensively along the East Indies regions under Portuguese influence and served as the archbishop's secretary in [[Goa]] between 1583 and 1588. He is credited with publishing in Europe important classified information about Asian trade and navigation that was hidden by the Portuguese. In 1596, he published a book, ''Itinerario'' (later translated as ''Discours of Voyages into Ye East & West Indies''), which graphically displayed for the first time in Europe detailed maps of voyages to the East Indies, particularly India.

During his stay in Goa, he meticulously copied the secret charts page by page. Even more crucially, he provided nautical data like currents, deeps, islands and sandbanks that were vital for safe navigation, along with coastal depictions to guide the way. The publication of the navigational routes enabled the passage to the East Indies to be opened to trading by the Dutch, French and the English. As a consequence, the [[Dutch East India Company]] and the [[British East India Company]] would break the 16th-century monopoly enjoyed by the Portuguese on trade with the East Indies.

==Origins==
Jan Huygen was born in 1563 at [[Haarlem]] in [[Holland]], where his father, Huig Joostenszoon, was an innkeeper and notary. His mother, Marietje Tin Henrixdochter, had been previously married to a man named Tin with whom she had two sons, Willem and Floris Tin. In addition to his older half-brothers, Jan had a younger brother and sister.{{sfn |Parr |1964 |page=11}}{{sfn |Masselman |1963 |page=70}} Jan Huyghen added the patronym ''van Linschoten'' when he was living in Goa. Neither of his parents had any connection with the Utrecht village of Linschoten and it is not known why he appended it to his name.{{sfn |Koeman|1985 |page=30}}

The family moved to the town of [[Enkhuizen]] when he was young. His father was the innkeeper of ''The Golden Falcon'' and was prosperous enough to make loans in the shipping business. Details of Jan's education are not known but it is likely he attended an ''Enkhuizen Latin School'' where he studied reading, writing, mathematics and some Latin. He later recalled that he “took no small delight in the reading of histories and strange adventures". {{sfn |Parr |1964 |page=11-12}}

==Early career==
Linschoten left Holland in 1579 at the age of sixteen. When he was older, he confided that he had no plans except to seek a life of adventure so that when he returned home he would have "something to tell [his] children".{{sfn |Parr |1964 |page=15}} On January 1, 1580, he landed in Seville where his two older brothers, Willem and Floris, had established a business. He stayed briefly with Floris, hoping to learn Spanish and establish himself as a merchant. When [[Philip II of Spain]] marched into Portugal in August 1580, Linschoten and his brother Floris followed the army in search of opportunities they assumed would follow conquest. Floris soon died of a plague epidemic that swept through Spain and Portugal.{{sfn |Masselman |1963 |pages=70-71}}

Linschoten found a job in Lisbon, working with another merchant. A downturn in trade led him to seek alternatives. With the help of Willem, who was acquainted with the newly appointed [[Archbishop]] of the Portuguese colony of [[Goa]], Dominican D. Frei João Vicente da Fonseca, the younger Huyghen was appointed Secretary to the Archbishop. Huyghen sailed for Goa on 8 April 1583, arriving five months later via [[Madeira]], [[Guinea]], [[Cape of Good Hope|the Cape]], [[Madagascar]] and [[Mozambique]].

==Goa==
[[File:Rua Direita na Cidade de Goa.jpg|right|thumb|450px|[[Joannes van Doetecum the Elder|Joannes van Doetecum]]'s print of "[[Market of Goa (Van Doetecum)|The Market at Goa]]" in Linschoten's ''Itinerario'', showing the main street of [[Portuguese Goa]] in the 1580s]]
[[File:Fusta by Jan Huygen van Linschoten.jpg|thumb|A [[fusta]] with Portuguese pavilion from a book by Jan Huygen van Linschoten]]
While in Goa, Jan Huygen van Linschoten kept a diary of his observations of the Portuguese-ruled city, amassing information about the Europeans, Indians, and other Asians who lived there. He also had access to maps and other privileged information about commerce and Portuguese navigation in southeast Asia and used his cartographic and drawing skills in order to copy and draw new maps, reproducing a considerable amount of nautical and mercantile information. Several of the nautical charts that he copied had been meticulously kept secret by the Portuguese for more than a century.

Later, after returning to Enkhuizen, he collected accounts from other travellers, such as his friend [[Dirck Gerritsz Pomp|Dirck Gerritsz "China" Pomp]], a fellow resident of Enkhuizen who earned his nickname from his travels in the Far East, and was the first Dutchman to travel to China and Japan in three voyages of the ''[[Black Ships#First kurofune ships: nau do trato|Nau do Trato]]'' as constable of artillery. Jan Huygen van Linschoten made note of the trading conditions among different countries, and the sea routes for travelling between them. This information later helped both the Dutch and the English to challenge the Portuguese monopoly on East Indian trade.

The 1587 death of his sponsor, the Archbishop of Goa, while on a voyage to Lisbon to report to the King of Portugal, meant the end of van Linschoten's appointment. He set sail for Lisbon in January 1589, passing by the Portuguese supply depot at [[Saint Helena|St. Helena Island]] in May 1589.

==The Azores==
[[File:Terceira Azores seen by Linschoten.jpg|thumb|250px|The island of [[Terceira]], [[Azores]], in a hand-colored engraving in the ''Itinerario''.]]
During a stopover on [[Saint Helena]] he met Gerrit van Afhuijsen, an Antwerp resident who had been in [[Malacca]]. From him he gained a knowledge of the spice trade in that region. On the next stopover, the [[Azores]], he stayed for two years due to shipwreck caused by the English, who [[Azores Voyage of 1589|besieged the island]]. He used the time to map the city of [[Angra do Heroísmo|Angra]] on [[Terceira]] for the island's governor, Juan de Urbina. Van Linschoten only reached [[Lisbon]] in January 1592. He spent six months at Lisbon, then sailed to his homeland in July 1592 and settled in his home city of Enkhuizen.

==Barentsz First voyage==
[[File:Plakaat jan huygens walviskaak 1594.JPG|thumb|250px|Plaque painted by [[Karel van Mander]] commemorating whalebone given to Haarlem by Jan Huyghen van Linschoten from [[Willem Barentsz]] expedition.]]
In June 1594, van Linschoten sailed from [[Texel]] in the expedition headed by Dutch cartographer [[Willem Barentsz]]. The fleet of three ships was to enter the [[Kara Sea]], with the hopes of finding the [[Northeast passage]] above Siberia.<ref>[[#Synge 1912|Synge 1912]], p. 258</ref> At Williams Island the crew encountered a polar bear for the first time.{{citation needed|date=February 2018}} They managed to bring it on board, but the bear rampaged and was killed. Barentsz reached the west coast of [[Novaya Zemlya]] and followed it northward, before being forced to turn back in the face of large icebergs.

==Barentsz Second voyage==
[[File:Aanvaring tussen de schepen van Barentsz en Van Linschoten, 1595, NG-1979-564-7 (cropped).jpg|thumb|Barentz flagship ''Gulden Windthunde'' nearly collided with that of the Vice Admiral. Linschoten on the latter. 6 August 1595]]
The following year they sailed again in a new expedition of six ships, loaded with merchant wares that they hoped to trade with China.<ref>[[#ULT 2009|ULT 2009]], web</ref> The party came across [[Samoyedic peoples|Samoyed]] "wild men" but eventually had to turn back when discovering the Kara Sea to be frozen. Van Linschoten was one of two crew members to publish journals about the Barentsz expedition.

==Return to Holland==
In 1595, with assistance from Amsterdam publisher [[Cornelis Claesz]], who specialised in shipping, geography and travels, Jan Huygen van Linschoten wrote {{lang|nl|Reys-gheschrift vande navigatien der Portugaloysers in Orienten}} (Travel Accounts of Portuguese Navigation in the Orient). This work contains numerous sailing directions, not only for shipping between Portugal and the East Indies colonies, but also between India, China and Japan.<ref name="schama"/> It also contains one of the earliest European accounts of [[tea]] drinking in Japan:

"Their manner of eating and drinking is: everie man hath a table alone, without table-clothes or napkins, and eateth with two pieces of wood like the men Chino: they drink wine of Rice, wherewith they drink themselves drunke, and after their meat they use a certain drinke, which is a pot with hote water, which they drink as hot as ever they may indure, whether it be Winter or Summer... The aforesaid warme water is made with the powder of a certaine hearbe called Chaa, which is much esteemed, and is well accounted among them."<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=YdpL2YCGLVYC&pg=PA63 'The World of Caffeine: The Science and Culture of the World's Most Popular Drug', by Bennett Alan Weinberg and Bonnie K. Bealer, p. 63]</ref>

In the same year, 1595, he married Reynu Meynertsdr. Seymens of Enkhuizen. She was "already four months pregnant by her intended second husband....At the time of her courtship Reynu Seymens was thirty-one and a mother of three. Her lover's voyaging career may well have hastened their consummation."<ref name="schama">Simon Schama, ''The Embarrassment of Riches: An Interpretation of Dutch Culture in the Golden Age''. New York: Vintage Books, 1987, p. 438.</ref>

Jan Huygen van Linschoten also wrote two other books, ''Beschryvinghe van de gantsche custe van Guinea, Manicongo, Angola ende tegen over de Cabo de S. Augustijn in Brasilien, de eyghenschappen des gheheelen Oceanische Zees'' (Description of the Entire Coast of Guinea, Manicongo, Angola and across to the Cabo de St. Augustus in Brazil, the Characteristics of the Entire Atlantic Ocean), published in 1597; and ''Itinerario: Voyage ofte schipvaert van Jan Huygen van Linschoten naer Oost ofte Portugaels Indien, 1579-1592'' [http://fondosdigitales.us.es/books/digitalbook_view?oid_page=291800] (Travel account of the voyage of the sailor Jan Huygen van Linschoten to the Portuguese East India), published in 1596. "The frontispiece of the first edition [was] pirated [from] the engraving from (of all things) a work celebrating the campaigns of a Spanish general and printed...up as the Dutch hero" by his publisher Joost Gillis Saeghman.<ref>Schama, p. 28.</ref> The map published in this book, [http://nla.gov.au/nla.map-rm4335 ''Exacta & accurata delinatio… regionibus China, Cauchinchina, Camboja, sive Champa, Syao, Malacca, Arracan & Pegu''], was prepared by [[Petrus Plancius]].<ref>Leo Bagrow, ''History of Cartography,'' revised and enlarged by R. A. Skelton, London, Watts, 1964, p. 265. [http://nla.gov.au/nla.map-rm4335 Exacta & accurata delinatio cum orarum maritimarum tum etiam locorum terrestrium quæ in regionibus China, Cauchinchina, Camboja, sive Champa, Syao, Malacca, Arracan & Pegu]; Cornelis Koeman, ''Jan Huygen Van Linschoten,'' Coimbra, Universidade de Coimbra Biblioteca Geral 1, 1984, Centro de Estudos de Historia e Cartografia, Vol. 153, pp. 39–41. Also in ''Revista da Universidade de Coimbra,'' vol. 32, 1985, pp. 27–47.</ref>

An English-language edition of the ''Itinerario'' was published in [[London]] in 1598, entitled ''Iohn Huighen van Linschoten his Discours of Voyages into ye Easte & West Indies''. A German edition was printed the same year. Considered very significant, it was published in Latin in Frankfurt, 1599; another Latin translation in Amsterdam, 1599; and in French in 1610.<ref>For a list of the various editions, see Koeman (1985: pp. 41ff.)</ref>

The ''Itinerario'' continued to be re-edited after van Linschoten's death in 1611, until the middle of 17th century. Jan Huygen also published the Dutch translation of Father [[José de Acosta]]'s book on Spanish America in 1597, and in 1601 he published an academic account of his own travels to the North. He joined the [[Dutch East India Company]] (VOC) in 1606. In 1609, he also published in Dutch the letter from the duke of Lerma, the King's favourite, to Philip III of Spain, about the Moorish revolt in Spain. That same year he was asked to give an opinion on foundation of the [[Dutch West India Company]] (GWC).

In addition to detailed maps of these places, van Linschoten also provided the geographic ‘key’ to unlocking the Portuguese grip on passage through the [[Malacca Strait]]. He suggested traders approach the East Indies from south of [[Sumatra]] through the [[Sunda Strait]], thereby minimizing the risk of Portuguese intervention. This passage eventually became the main Dutch route into southeast Asia and was the origin of their colonization of the territories that form today's [[Indonesia]].

This data was used extensively in the preparation of the first fleet for Asia, that of [[Cornelis de Houtman]] (1595-1597). Van Linschoten gave the route that de Houtman followed, sailing to the west of Madagascar on the way to Java island, which the Dutch would follow for many years, and he participated in the debates over the fleet's preparation and destination. Due to this, during his lifetime, van Linschoten engaged personally in polemics with [[Petrus Plancius]], the later cartographer of the VOC, for the preparation of de Houtman's fleet, but also in his sailings North. He also worked closely with [[Lucas Janszoon Waghenaer]] and [[Bernardus Paludanus]].

Van Linschoten died in [[Enkhuizen]], where he had acted as Treasurer to the town since 1597.<ref>{{cite book|first=Gerrit|last=de Veer|title=A True Description of Three Voyages by the North-east Towards Cathay and China: Undertaken by the Dutch in the Years 1594, 1595 and 1596|url=https://archive.org/details/cihm_18644|year=1853|publisher=[[Hakluyt Society]]|page=[https://archive.org/details/cihm_18644/page/n225 40]|isbn=9780665186448 }}</ref>

==Legacy and honors==
*The [[Linschoten-Vereeniging|Linschoten Society]] (Linschoten-Vereeniging) was founded in 1908 to publish rare or unpublished Dutch travel accounts of voyages, journeys by land, and descriptions of countries.
*The minor planet [[10651 van Linschoten]] is named after him.

== Editions ==
* 1598 English translation, ''John Huighen van Linschoten, His discours of voyages into ye Easte and West Indies: deuided into foure bookes'', London: John Wolfe. [https://books.google.com/books?id=nRN-HgO3tREC&pg=PP7 online]. In Wolfe's ordering, the [https://books.google.com/books?id=nRN-HgO3tREC&pg=PR13 First Book] is the 1596 ''Itinerario'', [https://books.google.com/books?id=nRN-HgO3tREC&pg=PA201 Second Book] is 1597 ''Beschryvinghe'', [https://books.google.com/books?id=nRN-HgO3tREC&pg=PA299 Third Book] is the 1595 ''Reys-gheschrift'' and the [https://books.google.com/books?id=nRN-HgO3tREC&pg=PA449 Fourth Book] is van Linschoten's translation of the revenues of the Spanish crown. In other editions, the 2nd and 3rd books are often switched around.
* 1598 [http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.rbc/kislak.07722.1 ''John Huighen van Linschoten his Discours of Voyages into ye Easte & West Indies'' ] From the Collections at the [[Library of Congress]]
* 1874–85 English edition, ''The Voyage of John Huyghen van Linschoten to the East Indies'', 1874–85 edition, London: Hakluyt. Reprint of only the First Book of 1598 translation ( [https://books.google.com/books?id=IwoVAAAAQAAJ&pg=PR3 vol. 1], [https://books.google.com/books?id=XF9KAAAAYAAJ&pg=PR3 vol. 2])

==See also==
*[[Chronology of European exploration of Asia]]
*[[Francisco Gali]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== Bibliography==
* Boogaart, Ernst van den. Jan Huygen van Linschoten and the moral map of Asia. London: The Roxburghe Club, 1999.
* Boogaart, Ernst van den. “Heathendom and civility in the Historia Indiae Orientalis. The adaptation by Johan Theodor and [[Johan Israel de Bry]] of the edifying series of plates from Linschoten's Itinerario”, Netherlands Yearbook for History of Art, 53 (1), 2002a, 71–106.
* Boogaart, Ernst van den. Civil and Corrupt Asia. Word and text in the Itinerario and the Icones of Jan Huygen van Linschoten. Chicago/London: University of Chicago Press, 2003.
* {{cite journal|last=Koeman|first=C.|year=1985|title=Jan Huygen van Linschoten|journal=Revista da Universidade de Coimbra|volume=32|pages=27–47|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EVjPRRuwV8AC&pg=PA25}}
* {{Cite book |last=Masselman |first=George |title=The Cradle of Colonialism |publisher=Yale University Press |year=1963 |url=https://archive.org/details/cradleofcolonial0000mass}}
* {{Cite book |last=Parr |first=Charles McKew |title=Jan Van Linschoten : The Dutch Marco Polo |publisher=Thomas Y. Crowell Company |year=1964 |location=New York |url=https://archive.org/details/janvanlinschoten0000char}}
* {{cite book |last= Synge |first= J.B. |title= A Book of Discovery |url= http://www.mainlesson.com/display.php?author=synge&book=discoverybook&story=_contents&PHPSESSID=458b6ee0d |year= 1912 |publisher= Yesterday's Classics |isbn= 1-59915-192-8 |ref= Synge 1912 |archive-date= 10 June 2011 |access-date= 20 September 2010 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110610050434/http://www.mainlesson.com/display.php?author=synge&book=discoverybook&story=_contents&PHPSESSID=458b6ee0d |url-status= dead }}
* {{cite web| title=Willem Barentsz and the Northeast passage |publisher= University Library of Tromsø – The Northern Lights Route |url=http://www.ub.uit.no/northernlights/eng/wbarentsz.htm|access-date= 18 June 2010|ref=ULT 2009}}

==Further reading==
* {{cite encyclopedia |title=van Linschoten, Jan Huyghen |encyclopedia=The Oxford Companion to World Exploration |year=2007 |editor-last=Buisseret |editor-first=David |publisher=Oxford University Press |location= |isbn=978-0-19-514922-7 |id= |url=https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780195149227.001.0001/acref-9780195149227-e-0393 }}
* {{citation |year=1885 |author1=Burnell, Arthur Coke |author2=Tiele, P.A |url=https://archive.org/details/voyagejohnhuygh02tielgoog |title=The voyage of John Huyghen van Linschoten to the East Indies |series=from the old English translation of 1598: the first book, containing his description of the East |place=London |publisher=The [[Hakluyt Society]]|ref=none}}. Full text at Internet Archive.
* {{Cite journal |last=Saldanha |first=Arun |date=2011 |title=The Itineraries of Geography: Jan Huygen van Linschoten's "Itinerario" and Dutch Expeditions to the Indian Ocean, 1594–1602 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/27980165 |journal=Annals of the Association of American Geographers |volume=101 |issue=1 |pages=149–177 |doi=10.1080/00045608.2010.520227 |jstor=27980165 |issn=0004-5608|url-access=subscription }}
* {{citation |year=2005 |author1=Van Linschoten |author2=Jan Huygen |title=The Voyage of John Huyghen van Linschoten to the East Indies |series=Elibron Classics |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-8QniNZT8jsC&q=%22John+Huyghen+van+Linschoten+%22+2005&pg=PP2 |publisher=the [[Hakluyt Society]] |isbn= 1-4021-9507-9|ref=none}}
* Van Linschoten, Jan Huygen. ''Voyage to Goa and Back, 1583–1592, with His Account of the East Indies'' : From Linschoten's Discourse of Voyages, in 1598/Jan Huygen Van Linschoten. Reprint. New Delhi, AES, 2004, xxiv, 126 p. {{ISBN|81-206-1928-5}}.
* {{Cite journal|last=Vila-Santa|first=Nuno|title=Jan Huygen van Linschoten and the Reys-gheschrift: Updating Iberian Science for the Dutch Expansion |journal=Historical Research|volume=95|issue=265|date=2021 |pages=1–22|url=https://www.academia.edu/49339772}}
* Vila-Santa, Nuno, "Jan Huygen van Linschoten´s Itinerario: a decaying commercial portrait of Portuguese Asia?" in Espelhos de Mercúrio. A representação do comércio nas Monarquias Ibéricas, 1500-1800, edited by Pablo Sánchez León, Carla Vieira and Nina Vieira, Coimbra, Imprensa da Universidade, 2024, pp. 261-288."{{https://www.academia.edu/115557158/_Jan_Huygen_van_Linschoten_s_Itinerario_a_decaying_commercial_portrait_of_Portuguese_Asia_in_Espelhos_de_Merc%C3%BArio_A_representa%C3%A7%C3%A3o_do_com%C3%A9rcio_nas_Monarquias_Ib%C3%A9ricas_1500_1800_edited_by_Pablo_S%C3%A1nchez_Le%C3%B3n_Carla_Vieira_and_Nina_Vieira_Coimbra_Imprensa_da_Universidade_2024_pp_261_288}}

==External links==
* {{Commons category-inline|Jan Huygen van Linschoten}}
* Jan Huygen van Linschoten (1563-1611): An Annotated Bibliography [https://www.academia.edu/49642105/Technical_Note_Jan_Huygen_van_Linschoten_1563_1611_An_Annotated_Bibliography]

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Linschoten, Jan Huygen Van}}
[[Category:1563 births]]
[[Category:1611 deaths]]

[[Category:17th-century Dutch businesspeople]]
[[Category:17th-century merchants]]
[[Category:Dutch merchants]]
[[Category:17th-century Dutch historians]]
[[Category:People from Haarlem]]
[[Category:People from Enkhuizen]]

[[Category:16th-century Dutch explorers]]

[[Category:Early modern Netherlandish cartography]]
[[Category:Explorers of South Asia]]
[[Category:People from Dutch India]]

Smoke and Ashes

2026-01-29T03:25:47Z

ErmelindaDez: added a entry

{{Short description|2023 book by Amitav Ghosh}}
{{Infobox book
| author = [[Amitav Ghosh]]
| pub_date = 2023
| language = Non-fiction
| name = Smoke and Ashes: Opium's Hidden Histories
| image = File:Smoke_and_Ashes,_Opium's_Hidden_Histories.jpeg
}}
{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Smoke and Ashes''}}
'''''Smoke and Ashes: Opium's Hidden Histories''''' is a 2023 non-fiction book by [[Amitav Ghosh]]. The book arose from research Ghosh conducted on the historical [[opium]] trade and its relation to India and China while he was writing his fiction novel series, the [[Ibis trilogy|''Ibis'' trilogy]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Falconer |first=Delia |date=2024-02-13 |title=The Opium Poppy Gets Star Billing in a New History |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/02/13/books/review/smoke-and-ashes-amitav-ghosh.html |access-date=2024-08-24 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-07-27 |title=Amitav Ghosh's new book, Smoke and Ashes, launched in Chennai |url=https://www.thehindu.com/books/amitav-ghoshs-new-book-smoke-and-ashes-launched-in-chennai/article67128534.ece |access-date=2024-08-24 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> In it, Ghosh discusses the [[history of tea]], the [[Opium Wars]] and links between [[colonialism]] and the modern [[Opioid epidemic|opioid crisis]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Morch |first=Maximillian |date=2023-08-25 |title="Smoke and Ashes" by Amitav Ghosh |url=https://asianreviewofbooks.com/content/smoke-and-ashes-by-amitav-ghosh/ |access-date=2024-08-24 |website=Asian Review of Books |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Bothfield |first=Becca |date=8 February 2024 |title=A riveting new history of opium, a lucrative and destructive flower |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/books/2024/02/08/amitav-ghosh-smoke-ashes-opium-history-review/ |newspaper=[[Washington Post]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Varadarajan |first=Tunku |date=1 March 2024 |title='Smoke and Ashes' Review: The Colonial Narco-State |url=https://www.wsj.com/arts-culture/books/smoke-and-ashes-review-the-colonial-narco-state-eb5d1789 |work=[[The Wall Street Journal]]}}</ref>

== References ==
<references />

{{Amitav Ghosh}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Books by Amitav Ghosh]]
[[Category:2023 non-fiction books]]
[[Category:History books about China]]
[[Category:Books about the British Empire]]
[[Category:Books about psychoactive drugs]]
[[Category:Works about colonialism]]
[[Category:History books about India]]
[[Category:Opium Wars]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian books]]
[[Category:Works about opium]]
[[Category:Works about tea]]
[[Category:Farrar, Straus and Giroux books]]

{{nonfiction-book-stub}}

Shree Pritam

2026-01-25T10:53:03Z

ErmelindaDez: quick improve content after review further and improved wording per standard format

{{short description|Indian music director}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{Mscn|date=January 2026}}
{{No reliable sources|date=January 2026}}
{{Notability|music|date=January 2026}} }}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2026}}
{{Infobox musical artist
| name = Shree Pritam
| image_size =
| alt =
| image =
| caption =
| alias = Pritam Da, Shree Pritam
| native_name = শ্রী প্রীতম
| native_name_lang = bn
| birth_date =
| birth_place = Kolkata, India
| genre = Bengali Film Base
| occupation = Composer, singer
| years_active = 2012–present
}}

'''Shree Pritam''' ({{langx|bn|শ্রী প্রীতম}}, {{langx|hi|श्री प्रीतम}}) is an Indian music director and singer who has performed music with [[Bappi Lahiri]]. Pritam composed songs for Indo-Bangladeshi, Bangladeshi and Indian Bengali films. In 2018 he composed for [[Ami Neta Hobo]], a Bangladeshi film.

==Discography==
* ''[[Bikram Singha: The Lion Is Back]]'' (2012)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gomolo.com/sree-pritam-movies-list-filmography/349355|title=Filmography of Shree Pritam|work=gomolo.com|accessdate=26 June 2015}}</ref>
* ''[[Idiot (2012 film)|Idiot]]'' (2012)
* ''[[Khoka 420]]'' (2013)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gomolo.com/349355/hit-or-flop-on-sree-pritam-movies|title=hit or flop on Shree Pritam movies|work=gomolo.com|accessdate=26 June 2015}}</ref>
* ''[[Khiladi (2013 film)|Khiladi]]'' (2013)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gomolo.com/sree-pritam-movies-list-popular/349355|title=top movie of Shree Pritam|work=gomolo.com|accessdate=26 June 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.allmusic.com/album/khiladi-mw0002580298|title=Khiladi music director of Shree Pritam|work=gomolo.com|accessdate=26 June 2015}}</ref>
* ''[[Ami Neta Hobo]]'' (2018)
* ''[[Tui Amar Rani]]'' (2019)

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb name|5799134}}
* [http://www.gomolo.com/about-sree-pritam/349355 Shree Pritam] in Gomolo
* [http://www.filmiclub.com/celebrity/shree-pritam-mknbd0r filmiclub.com]
* {{twitter|shreepritam}}
* {{facebook|shreepritamofc}}
* [https://in.linkedin.com/pub/shree-pritam/84/4a6/6b8 Linkedin.com]

{{Shree Pritam}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Pritam, Shree}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Bengali musicians]]
[[Category:Musicians from Kolkata]]
[[Category:Indian film score composers]]
[[Category:Indian male film score composers]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

{{India-musician-stub}}

M. Sornarajah

2026-01-24T21:29:35Z

ErmelindaDez: Created initial details w/ refs - done

{{Short description|Sri Lankan academic}}
'''Muthucumaraswamy Sornarajah''' ([[Tamil language|Tamil]]: முத்துகுமாரஸ்வாமி ஸ்வர்ணராஜ; born 24 April 1942)<ref name="siac">[http://www.siac.org.sg/cms/images/stories/documents/cv/cv_msornarajah.pdf Curriculum vitae] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722032000/http://www.siac.org.sg/cms/images/stories/documents/cv/cv_msornarajah.pdf |date=2011-07-22 }} from Singapore International Arbitration Centre, retrieved 2011-01-31.</ref> is a legal academic. He is an Emeritus Professor and former C. J. Koh Professor of Law at the [[National University of Singapore]],<ref>[http://law.nus.edu.sg/about_us/faculty/staff/staffdiv.asp NUS law faculty listing], retrieved 2011-01-30.</ref>
the Tunku Abdul Rahman Professor of Law at the [[University of Malaya]],<ref>[http://umfacts.um.edu.my/staffdirectory/index.php?query=Sornarajah&chartType=N Faculty listing] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722232735/http://umfacts.um.edu.my/staffdirectory/index.php?query=Sornarajah&chartType=N |date=2011-07-22 }}, University of Malaya, retrieved 2011-01-30.</ref> and the former head of the school of law at the [[University of Tasmania]].<ref name="lak">{{citation|title=Govt.plays KP card|publisher=Lakbimanews Online|first=Ranga|last=Jayasuriya|url=http://www.lakbimanews.lk/archvi/lakbimanews_10_06_27/defence.htm|date=June 27, 2010|access-date=2011-01-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722145931/http://www.lakbimanews.lk/archvi/lakbimanews_10_06_27/defence.htm|archive-date=2011-07-22|url-status=dead}}.</ref> He is also a visiting professor at the Centre for Human Rights, London School of Economics. He has been arbitrator, counsel or expert in several leading investment arbitrations.

Sornarajah attended the [[Royal College Colombo]] and received law degrees from the [[University of Ceylon]], [[Yale University]], the [[London School of Economics]] and [[King's College London]] (PhD). He taught at the University of Ceylon from 1966 to 1973, at the University of Tasmania from 1974 to 1984, and the National University of Singapore since 1986. He has also been visiting faculty at several other universities.<ref name="cvnus">[https://web.archive.org/web/20120308155612/http://law.nus.edu.sg/about_us/faculty/staff/staffcv/sornarajahcv2009.pdf Curriculum vitae] from National University Singapore, retrieved 2011-01-31.</ref> He has been editor-in-chief of two journals, the ''[[Singapore Journal of Legal Studies]]'' from 1996 to 2000 and the ''[[Singapore Journal of International and Comparative Law]]'' (which he founded) from 1998 to 2000.<ref name="lak"/><ref name="cvnus"/>

His book, ''The International Law on Foreign Investment'' (Cambridge University Press), is the leading<ref>[https://law.nus.edu.sg/media/professor-m-sornarajah-appointed-emeritus-professor/ NUS Law]</ref> and a classic<ref>[https://www.cambridge.org/highereducation/books/the-international-law-on-foreign-investment/9A020CAE3B47C16AFAE541FCA6D038C3#overview Cambridge University Press]</ref> text on foreign investment law, which is an area of public international law dealing with issues of protection of investments made by foreign investors currently in its fifth edition.<ref>[http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=1519976 Review] in ''International and Comparative Law Quarterly''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20121102053910/http://bybil.oxfordjournals.org/content/76/1/557.full.pdf+html Review] in ''British Year Book of International Law''. [http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=340389 Review], in ''World Trade Review''.</ref>

His other books include ''Law of International Joint Ventures'',<ref>[http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=1517964 Review] in ''International and Comparative Law Quarterly''.</ref> ''The Pursuit of Nationalized Property'',<ref>[http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=1509696 Review] in ''International and Comparative Law Quarterly''</ref> ''Resistance and Change in the International Law on Foreign Investment'' (Cambridge University Press) and ''The Misery of International Law'' (with John Linarelli and Margot Salomon, Oxford University Press).

In 2016, a book of essays in his honour was edited by Lim Chin Leng entitled "Alternative Visions in International Law: Essays in honour of Muthucumraswamy Sornarajah (Cambridge University Press 2016) He has sat as arbitrator on several arbitral tribunals involving foreign investment disputes. He also belongs to the Board of Advisors of the [[United Nations Conference on Trade and Development]] Project on Dispute Settlement.<ref>[http://r0.unctad.org/disputesettlement/advisers.htm Board of advisors of the project on dispute settlement] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100705031948/http://r0.unctad.org/disputesettlement/advisers.htm |date=2010-07-05 }}, UNCTAD, retrieved 2011-01-31.</ref>

==References==
{{reflist|colwidth=}}
{{NUS Faculty of Law}}
{{Singapore Legal Profession}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sornarajah, Muthucumaraswamy}}
[[Category:1942 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Alumni of Royal College, Colombo]]
[[Category:Alumni of the University of Ceylon]]
[[Category:Yale Law School alumni]]
[[Category:Alumni of the London School of Economics]]
[[Category:Alumni of King's College London]]
[[Category:International law scholars]]
[[Category:Sri Lankan Tamil people]]
[[Category:Sri Lankan academics]]
[[Category:Academic staff of the National University of Singapore Faculty of Law]]
[[Category:Academic staff of the University of Malaya]]
[[Category:Academic staff of the University of Tasmania]]

Rūpaśārī

2026-01-23T10:56:05Z

ErmelindaDez: stub.

{{Short description|Figure in early Buddhism}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Sārī
| native_name = Sārī
| native_name_lang =
| other_names = Rūpaśārī, The Brahmin Lady Sārī
| image =
| caption =
| known_for = Mother of [[Sariputta]] (Chief Disciple of the Buddha)
| spouse = Vaṅganta
| children = {{Unbulleted list|[[Sariputta]]|[[Upasena]]|[[Cunda (disciple)|Mahā-Cunda]]|[[Revata]]|[[Cālā]]|[[Upacālā]]|[[Sīsūpacālā]]}}
| birth_place = Nālaka (Upatissa-gāma), [[Magadha]]
}}
'''Rūpaśārī''' (also known simply as '''Sārī''' or the '''Brahmin lady Sārī)''' was a figure in early Buddhism, best known as the mother of [[Sāriputta]], the chief male disciple of [[Gautama Buddha]]. A staunch Brahmin by birth, she is frequently depicted in Buddhist texts as initially hostile towards the Buddha's order for "taking away" her children, before eventually converting to Buddhism shortly before her son's death.

==Life==
Rūpaśārī lived in the village of Nālaka, also known as Upatissa-gāma, in the kingdom of Magadha in ancient India. She was married to the Brahmin Vaṅganta.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Ranjan |first1=Rajesh |title=Exegetical Literature in Pāli: Origin and Development |date=2005 |publisher=Vidyanidhi Prakashan |isbn=978-81-86700-51-8 |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Exegetical_Literature_in_P%C4%81li/lT0FAAAAYAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=R%C5%ABpas%C4%81ri&dq=R%C5%ABpas%C4%81ri&printsec=frontcover |language=en}}</ref> Together they had seven children, all of whom later entered the Buddhist monastic order and attained arahantship. Their children were [[Sāriputta]], who was born with the name Upatissa, along with Upasena, Mahā-Cunda, Revata, also known as Khadiravaniya Revata and three daughters named Cālā, Upacālā, and Sīsūpacālā.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Tsukamoto |first1=Zenryū |title=A History of Early Chinese Buddhism: From Its Introduction to the Death of Hui-yüan |date=1985 |publisher=Kodansha International |isbn=978-0-87011-645-2 |page=530 |url=https://www.google.co.th/books/edition/A_History_of_Early_Chinese_Buddhism/eTvYAAAAMAAJ?hl |language=en}}</ref> Because her name was Sārī, her eldest son Upatissa came to be known as Sāriputta, meaning "son of Sārī".<ref>{{cite book |title=法華文化研究 |date=1996 |publisher=立正大学法華経文化研究所 |page=110 |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/%E6%B3%95%E8%8F%AF%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6/CMZLAQAAIAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=R%C5%ABpa%C5%9B%C4%81r%C4%AB&dq=R%C5%ABpa%C5%9B%C4%81r%C4%AB&printsec=frontcover |language=ja}}</ref>

For much of her life, Rūpaśārī was a devout follower of Brahmanism and deeply resented the Buddhist Order. She was distressed that her children had renounced their substantial family wealth (worth eighty crores) to become mendicants. She also attempted to prevent her youngest son, Revata, from ordaining by arranging a marriage for him at the age of seven, though he escaped and joined the order regardless.<ref name="asd">{{cite book |title=Elucidation of the Intrinsic Meaning: So Named the Commentary on the Peta-stories (Paramatthadīpanī Nāma Petavatthu-aṭṭhakathā) |date=1980 |publisher=Pali Text Society |isbn=978-0-7100-0604-2 |pages=84–89 |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Elucidation_of_the_Intrinsic_Meaning/J24wAAAAYAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=S%C4%81riputta+mother&dq=S%C4%81riputta+mother&printsec=frontcover |language=en}}</ref> Rūpaśārī accused [[the Buddha]] of depriving her of the company of her sons, as he had taken all of her children into the monastic order one after another.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Majumdar |first1=Gayatri Sen |title=Early Buddhism and Laity |date=2009 |publisher=Maha Bodhi Book Agency |isbn=978-81-87032-77-9 |page=69 |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Early_Buddhism_and_Laity/1slAAQAAIAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=R%C5%ABpas%C4%81ri&dq=R%C5%ABpas%C4%81ri&printsec=frontcover |language=en}}</ref>

Buddhist commentaries, particularly the ''Dhammapada Aṭṭhakathā'', recount instances where she verbally abused her son Sāriputta. On one occasion, when Sāriputta visited her with a retinue of 500 monks, she offered them food but scolded him, calling him an "eater of leavings" (leftovers) and criticizing him for abandoning his inheritance to live on alms. Sāriputta is praised in the texts for bearing this abuse with perfect patience and silence.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Thera |first1=Neluwe Jinaratana |title=Sariputta & Moggallana: The Inspiring Story of Lord Buddha's Two Chief Disciples |date=1948 |publisher=Maha Bodhi Society of India |page=5 |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Sariputta_Moggallana/iGBTAAAAYAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=S%C4%81riputta+mother&dq=S%C4%81riputta+mother&printsec=frontcover |language=en}}</ref>

===Enlightenment===
According to Pali accounts, Śāriputta, knowing that his life was drawing to a close, decided to return to his childhood home in Nālaka in order to repay his "debt of nurture" to his mother by teaching her the Dhamma. After hearing that her son was returning home, Sārī was initially overjoyed; however, upon seeing that he remained a monk, she again refused to see or speak with him. As Śāriputta grew progressively weaker, she continued to keep her distance. On the night before his final nirvāṇa, it is said that numerous celestial beings including the [[Four Heavenly Kings]], [[Śakra (Buddhism)|Sakka]] (King of the Gods), and [[Mahā Brahmā]] visited him to pay their final respects. The celestial radiance awakened Sārī, and upon witnessing these beings honoring her son, she realized that he was no ordinary monk. Only then did she speak with him.<ref name="as">{{cite book |title=Nalanda and Buddhism |date=2002 |publisher=Nava Nalanda Mahavihara |isbn=978-81-88242-05-4 |pages=47–50 |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Nalanda_and_Buddhism/x2MEAAAAYAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=S%C4%81riputta+mother&dq=S%C4%81riputta+mother&printsec=frontcover |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Müller |first1=Friedrich Max |title=Sacred Books of the Buddhists |date=1942 |publisher=H. Frowde, Oxford University Press |pages=61–63 |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Sacred_Books_of_the_Buddhists/_FwJAQAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=R%C5%ABpas%C4%81ri&dq=R%C5%ABpas%C4%81ri&printsec=frontcover |language=en}}</ref>

Śāriputta subsequently taught her the essence of the Buddha's teachings, commonly identified as the Four Noble Truths. As a result of this discourse, she is said to have attained the stage of Sotāpanna (stream-entry), the first stage of enlightenment. Śāriputta passed away the following morning, having attained [[Parinibbāna]].<ref name="as"/> She made all the arrangements for the funeral, and Vissakamma assisted in the ceremony. When the cremation was over, [[Anuruddha]] extinguished the flames with perfumed water, and Cunda gathered the relics.<ref>{{cite book |title=The Maha Bodhi |date=1979 |publisher=Maha Bodhi Society of India |page=76 |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Maha_Bodhi/soTXAAAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=R%C5%ABpas%C4%81ri |language=en}}</ref>

== Confusion ==
There is a common source of confusion in Buddhist folklore involving a figure identified as Śāriputta's mother appearing as a [[preta]] (hungry ghost). According to this tradition, a female hungry ghost once appeared to Śāriputta, emaciated and frightening in appearance. She told him, "I was your mother in a previous life, not this one. Because of my stinginess in that past life, I have been reborn in this miserable state."<ref name="asd"/><ref>{{cite book |title=Vimāna Vatthu: Stories of the Mansions and Peta Vatthu : Stories of the Departed |date=1942 |publisher=Luzac |pages=169–171 |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Vim%C4%81na_Vatthu/CJvXAAAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=s%C4%81riputta%27s+mother+in+past+life&dq=s%C4%81riputta%27s+mother+in+past+life&printsec=frontcover |language=en}}</ref>

Out of compassion, Śāriputta is said to have arranged for the construction of four huts for the Saṅgha and dedicated the merit of this act to the hungry ghost. As a result, she was immediately released from her suffering and reborn as a minor deity (devī). This act of merit-making later became associated in some traditions with origin stories of the [[Ghost Festival]]. Legends often distinguish between Rūpaśārī (his mother in final life) and his mother from a past life (who was stingy and suffered as a ghost).<ref>{{cite book |last1=Panth |first1=Rabindra |title=Buddhism in Global Perspective |date=2003 |publisher=Somaiya Publications |isbn=978-81-7039-260-6 |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Buddhism_in_Global_Perspective/xmUEAAAAYAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=S%C4%81riputta+mother++preta&dq=S%C4%81riputta+mother++preta&printsec=frontcover |page=53|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=McNicholl |first1=Adeana |title=Introduction: Entering the Realm of the Preta s |journal=Of Ancestors and Ghosts |date=26 September 2024 |pages=1–24 |doi=10.1093/o |url=https://academic.oup.com/book/58038/chapter-abstract/477476722 |language=en}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Buddhism topics}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rūpaśārī}}
[[Category:Figures in Buddhism]]

83 (soundtrack)

2026-01-21T06:49:56Z

ErmelindaDez: adding post.

{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2021}}
{{Infobox album
| name = 83
| type = Soundtrack
| artist = [[Pritam]]
| cover = 83 soundtrack.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Soundtrack album cover (Original version)
| released = 23 December 2021<ref name="jiosaavn">{{cite web |url=https://www.jiosaavn.com/album/83/jpGVn0zvN5o_ |title=83 – Original Motion Picture Soundtrack |date=6 December 2021 |publisher=Jiosaavn |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211206154016/https://www.jiosaavn.com/album/83/jpGVn0zvN5o_ |archive-date=6 December 2021 |url-status=live }}</ref>
| recorded = 2019–2020
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Feature film soundtrack]]
| length = 53:47
| language = Hindi
| label = [[Zee Music Company]]
| producer =
| prev_title = [[Tadap (2021 film)|Tadap]]
| prev_year = 2021
| next_title = [[Laal Singh Chaddha]]
| next_year = 2022
| misc = {{External media
| audio1 = {{YouTube|gMPLeUJk8i0|Official Audio Jukebox}}
}}
}}

'''''83''''' is the [[soundtrack album]] to the 2021 [[Hindi]]-language [[sports film|sports]] [[Drama Film|drama film]] [[83 (film)|of the same name]] directed by [[Kabir Khan (director)|Kabir Khan]], based on the [[Indian Cricket Team]] led by [[Kapil Dev]], which won the [[1983 Cricket World Cup]].<ref>{{cite web |date=24 December 2021 |title=Director Kabir Khan on 83: 'There's no way we could have gone wrong when the Gods of cricket were there to guide us' |publisher=Firstpost: Entertainment News |language=en |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/director-kabir-khan-on-83-theres-no-way-we-could-have-gone-wrong-when-the-gods-of-cricket-were-there-to-guide-us-10232521.html |access-date=2021-12-25 |archive-date=25 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211225131437/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/director-kabir-khan-on-83-theres-no-way-we-could-have-gone-wrong-when-the-gods-of-cricket-were-there-to-guide-us-10232521.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The soundtrack composed by [[Pritam]], featured 14 tracks with lyrics written by [[Kausar Munir]], [[Jaideep Sahni]], Prashant Ingole and Ashish Pandit. The score is composed by [[Julius Packiam]]. The album was released under the [[Zee Music Company]] label on 23 December 2021.<ref name="jiosaavn" /><ref>{{Citation |title=Pritam – 83 (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) (2021, 256kbps, File) |language=en |url=https://www.discogs.com/release/21459556-Pritam-83-Original-Motion-Picture-Soundtrack |access-date=2 January 2022 |archive-date=2 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220102150213/https://www.discogs.com/release/21459556-Pritam-83-Original-Motion-Picture-Soundtrack |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Background ==
The film's soundtrack is composed by [[Pritam]], who worked with Kabir Khan's previous films including [[New York (2009 film)|''New York'']] (2009), ''[[Bajrangi Bhaijaan]]'', ''[[Phantom (2015 film)|Phantom]]'' (2015) and ''[[Tubelight (2017 Hindi film)|Tubelight]]'' (2017). In January 2019, during the launch of Pritam's apprentice musical platform JAM8, along with [[Advait Chandan]], [[Karan Johar]] and [[Imtiaz Ali (director)|Imtiaz Ali]], Khan announced that Pritam will compose the music and score for ''83''.<ref>{{cite web|date=18 January 2019|title=Ranveer Singh starrer 83's album will not have lip synced songs says director Kabir Khan; here's why|url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/news/ranveer-singh-starrer-83-s-album-will-not-have-lip-synced-songs-says-director-kabir-khan-here-s-why-437636|access-date=2021-12-25|website=PINKVILLA|language=en|archive-date=25 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211225132940/https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/news/ranveer-singh-starrer-83-s-album-will-not-have-lip-synced-songs-says-director-kabir-khan-here-s-why-437636|url-status=dead}}</ref> Speaking about the music of the film, Khan said that "Like every other Hindi films, the music will be definitely important in 83 as well, while also becoming an integral part of the film. It is a sports film, so the music is motivational. There will be obviously, an anthem of motivation and songs of several mood in the film." Khan however added that there would be no lip-syncing songs in the film, as "audience will not accept Kapil Dev singing on the streets of London".<ref>{{cite web|date=2019-01-18|title=Kabir Khan Reveals About The Shooting Schedule Of 83, Lip-Syncing Songs & More!|url=https://www.koimoi.com/bollywood-news/kabir-khan-reveals-about-the-shooting-schedule-of-83-lip-syncing-songs-more/|access-date=2021-12-25|website=Koimoi|language=en-US|archive-date=25 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211225131439/https://www.koimoi.com/bollywood-news/kabir-khan-reveals-about-the-shooting-schedule-of-83-lip-syncing-songs-more/|url-status=live}}</ref>
{{Blockquote|text="Pritam is a unique talent. He can surprise you a lot provided you pin him down and make him sit with you. Once he is in the flow, that's when the magic starts happening. I've really enjoyed working with him."|source=[[Kabir Khan (director)|Kabir Khan]], on [[Pritam]]'s inclusion in the film.<ref>{{cite web|title=Don't think audience will accept Kapil Dev singing in '83': Kabir Khan|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/hindi/2019/jan/17/dont-think-audience-will-accept-kapil-dev-singing-in-83-kabir-khan-1926458.html|access-date=2021-12-25|website=The New Indian Express|archive-date=25 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211225131437/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/hindi/2019/jan/17/dont-think-audience-will-accept-kapil-dev-singing-in-83-kabir-khan-1926458.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>}}On 13 May 2019, Pritam started working on the compositions of the film's soundtrack. Pritam stated that "the film an extremely inspirational story of human triumph with a lot of humour and emotion along the journey and the album will capture all these elements";<ref>{{cite web|title=Pritam makes music for Ranveer Singh's '83|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/bollywood/report-pritam-makes-music-for-ranveer-singh-s-83-2748608|access-date=25 January 2021|website=DNA India|language=en|archive-date=25 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211225131439/https://www.dnaindia.com/bollywood/report-pritam-makes-music-for-ranveer-singh-s-83-2748608|url-status=live}}</ref> adding that the film being more special "due to the memory and the euphoria of the 1983 World Cup victory which is still fresh among the Indians and was a moment for India like no other".<ref>{{cite web|date=13 May 2019|title=Pritam to compose music for Ranveer Singh starrer '83|url=https://www.thestatesman.com/entertainment/pritam-compose-music-ranveer-singh-starrer-83-1502754609.html|access-date=25 January 2021|website=The Statesman|language=en-US|archive-date=25 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211225131439/https://www.thestatesman.com/entertainment/pritam-compose-music-ranveer-singh-starrer-83-1502754609.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{cite web|title=Pritam to compose music for Ranveer Singh-starrer '83'|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/hindi/2019/may/13/pritam-to-compose-music-for-ranveer-singh-starrer-83-1976290.html|access-date=2021-12-25|website=The New Indian Express|date=13 May 2019 |archive-date=25 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211225131439/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/hindi/2019/may/13/pritam-to-compose-music-for-ranveer-singh-starrer-83-1976290.html|url-status=live}}</ref> While Pritam was assigned to compose the background music, [[Julius Packiam]], however worked on the film's background score.<ref name=":0"/>

== Development ==
{{Quote box
| quote = "I have memories listening to the radio commentary then. But when director Kabir Khan gave me the script to read, I was travelling on a flight from Mumbai to Delhi, and while reading the script, I was crying a lot. It was so emotional. I have always been a Kapil Dev fan, though I am not too much into cricket. I told Kabir it’s a brilliant script. When you read a script, you get the basic idea. I knew there was no scope of any song. He just told me to compose an emotional theme. I presented him with a few of them. There is a humming theme which he liked the best."
| source = — [[Pritam]] on the music of ''83''<ref>{{cite web|title=Pritam is composing music for THIS Salman Khan production|url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/entertainment/pritam-is-composing-music-for-this-salman-khan-production|access-date=2022-01-02|website=Free Press Journal|language=en|archive-date=2 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220102150214/https://www.freepressjournal.in/entertainment/pritam-is-composing-music-for-this-salman-khan-production|url-status=live}}</ref>
| align = right
| width = 30%
}}
Pritam read Kabir Khan's script six or seven times, saying it as one of the "best scripts he had read in his career".<ref name=":1">{{cite web|title=When Pritam 'Howled' After Reading Kabir Khan's Script For Ranveer Singh Starrer '83'|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/website/story/entertainment-news-when-pritam-howled-after-reading-kabir-khans-script-for-ranveer-singh-starrer-83/407087 |website=Outlook India|date=28 December 2021 |language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211228054610/https://www.outlookindia.com/website/story/entertainment-news-when-pritam-howled-after-reading-kabir-khans-script-for-ranveer-singh-starrer-83/407087 |archive-date=28 December 2021 |url-status=live |access-date=2022-01-02}}</ref> The film did not have a single situation for a song in the film, which resulted Pritam to work around the theme of the film. In an interview with ''[[Outlook India]]''-based critic Samarth Goyal, Pritam had stated "He wanted the music to just play in the background of the matches or the events that were happening. Like how it happens in Hollywood films. There is no lip-sync or anything. But it's like an OST version". Pritam had worked on the music of the film, after the scenes were shot, which he had done for the first time in his 20-year-long career, and he said that "I have never done it before in my career, so yes it was a different experience, to do that. But having said that, it was nice to see music play in your head, when you relive those images on screen and try to connect them with the memories you had of the same match you heard on the radio back then."<ref name=":1" />

== Release ==
The album consisted of 14 tracks, spanning a duration of 53 minutes. The album has six original tracks, with five alternate versions of the tracks, whose duration being trimmed from the original song, or being recorded with a different singer.<ref name="jiosaavn" /> Three instrumental tracks composed by Julius Packiam, which were used in the [[Background Score|background score]], were included in the soundtrack. The musical album featured lyrics written by [[Kausar Munir]], [[Jaideep Sahni]], Prashant Ingole and Ashish Pandit, and vocals for the tracks were recorded by [[Arijit Singh]], [[Benny Dayal]], Tushar Joshi, [[Krishnakumar Kunnath]], [[Amit Mishra (singer)|Amit Mishra]], [[Papon (singer)|Papon]] and Raghav Chaitanya.<ref name="jiosaavn" />

On 6 December 2021, the first song titled "Lehra Do" was released, sung by Arijit Singh and lyrics written by Kausar Munir.<ref>{{cite web|date=December 6, 2021|first=Rishita Roy|last=Chowdhury|title=83 song Lehra Do out. Ranveer Singh as Kapil Dev makes India gear up for glory|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/83-song-lehra-do-out-ranveer-singh-as-kapil-dev-makes-india-gear-up-for-glory-1884667-2021-12-06|access-date=2021-12-25|website=India Today|language=en|archive-date=25 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211225131438/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/83-song-lehra-do-out-ranveer-singh-as-kapil-dev-makes-india-gear-up-for-glory-1884667-2021-12-06|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=2021-12-06|title=83 song Lehra Do: Ranveer Singh and his team that 'never wins' show just what they can do in emotional video|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/83-song-lehra-do-ranveer-singh-and-his-team-that-never-wins-show-just-what-they-can-do-in-emotional-video-101638781082585.html|access-date=2021-12-25|website=Hindustan Times|language=en|archive-date=25 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211225131439/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/83-song-lehra-do-ranveer-singh-and-his-team-that-never-wins-show-just-what-they-can-do-in-emotional-video-101638781082585.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The second song, "Bigadne Do" was released on 13 December 2021, which was sung by [[Benny Dayal]] and lyrics were written by Ashish Pandit.<ref>{{cite news|date=2021-12-10|title=83's Bigadne De: Ranveer Singh, Saqib Saleem wash clothes in bathtub, celebrate victories with team in new song. Watch |newspaper=Hindustan Times |language=en |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/83s-bigadne-de-ranveer-singh-saqib-saleem-wash-clothes-in-bathtub-celebrate-victories-with-team-in-new-song-watch-101639379676133.html |url-status=live |access-date=2021-12-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211213082653/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/83s-bigadne-de-ranveer-singh-saqib-saleem-wash-clothes-in-bathtub-celebrate-victories-with-team-in-new-song-watch-101639379676133.html |archive-date=13 December 2021 }}</ref> As a part of the film's marketing purpose, stills, snippets from the film's trailer and a song titled "Jeetega Jeetega" was showcased at [[Burj Khalifa]],<ref>{{cite web|date=2021-12-18|title='83' Trailer Lights Up Burj Khalifa: Ranveer Overwhelmed, Kapil Gets Emotional|url=https://www.thequint.com/sports/83-trailer-lights-up-burj-khalifa-ranveer-singh-overwhelmed-kapil-dev-gets-emotional|access-date=2021-12-27|website=TheQuint|language=en|archive-date=25 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211225055410/https://www.thequint.com/sports/83-trailer-lights-up-burj-khalifa-ranveer-singh-overwhelmed-kapil-dev-gets-emotional|url-status=live}}</ref> when the team attended the premiere of the film at [[Red Sea International Film Festival]] in [[Saudi Arabia]].<ref>{{cite web|date=2021-12-18|title=Glimpses of Ranveer Singh starrer '83 light up Burj Khalifa in Dubai|url=https://www.crictracker.com/glimpses-of-ranveer-singh-starrer-83-light-up-burj-khalifa-in-dubai/|access-date=2021-12-27|website=CricTracker|language=en|archive-date=27 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211227171549/https://www.crictracker.com/glimpses-of-ranveer-singh-starrer-83-light-up-burj-khalifa-in-dubai/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title='83': How Ranveer Singh And Deepika Padukone's Film Lit Up The Burj Khalifa|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/website/story/entertainment-news-83-film-how-ranveer-singh-and-deepika-padukone-from-the-film-lit-up-the-burj-khalifa/405588|url-status=live|access-date=2021-12-27|website=Outlook India|date=17 December 2021 |language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211218011202/https://www.outlookindia.com/website/story/entertainment-news-83-film-how-ranveer-singh-and-deepika-padukone-from-the-film-lit-up-the-burj-khalifa/405588 |archive-date=18 December 2021 }}</ref> The film version of the track was later released as a [[Single (music)|single]] on 21 December 2021.<ref>{{Citation|title=Jeetega Jeetega - Film Version (From "83")|date=2021-12-17|url=https://open.spotify.com/album/6RMPI2w2cOp4G4qxJkBQNB|language=en|access-date=2021-12-27|archive-date=27 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211227171546/https://open.spotify.com/album/6RMPI2w2cOp4G4qxJkBQNB|url-status=live}}</ref> The full soundtrack album of the film was released by [[Zee Music Company]] on 23 December 2021, a day prior to the film's release.<ref name="jiosaavn" />

== Reception ==
A reviewer from ''[[The Indian Express]]'' called the 83 soundtrack as underwhelming and stated that "despite being powerful in its theme, the album fails to make an impact". It further criticised the song "Lehra Do" saying "The song, which talks about keeping the Indian flag flying high, doesn’t make you feel patriotic nor relate to the characters much. Given Arijit’s voice, the track can be at best passed off as a soulful emotional number, as that fighting spirit is clearly missing."<ref>{{cite web|date=2021-12-06|title=83 music review: An underwhelming soundtrack that fails to make an impact|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/83-music-review-an-underwhelming-soundtrack-that-fails-to-make-an-impact-7658922/ |access-date=2021-12-25|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref> In the film review for ''[[The Times of India]]'', Rachana Dubey stated that "the film had scope for some good music which could have added better tempo to the narrative".<ref>{{Citation|title=83 Movie Review: The story of India's first world cup victory makes for a thrilling watch|newspaper=The Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-reviews/83/movie-review/88388158.cms|access-date=2021-12-25|archive-date=20 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211220222906/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-reviews/83/movie-review/88388158.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> Anuj Kumar of ''[[The Hindu]]'' criticised that "Pritam fails to live up to the expectations for a film, that demanded an effective soundtrack and rousing background score.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Kumar|first=Anuj|date=2021-12-24|title='83' movie review: Ranveer Singh is the throbbing heart of this carnival of a film|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/83-movie-review-ranveer-singh-is-the-throbbing-heart-of-this-carnival-of-a-film/article38026020.ece|access-date=2021-12-25|issn=0971-751X|archive-date=24 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211224151116/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/83-movie-review-ranveer-singh-is-the-throbbing-heart-of-this-carnival-of-a-film/article38026020.ece|url-status=live}}</ref>

Contrary to the earlier reviews, Joginder Tuteja of ''[[Bollywood Hungama]]'', stated that "the soundtrack is effective despite being used as montages" and gave the album 3.5 out of 5.<ref>{{cite web|last=Tuteja|first=Joginder|date=2021-12-10|title=83 Movie Music Review|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/83/|url-status=live|access-date=2021-12-25|website=Bollywood Hungama|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171001120823/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com:80/movie/83/ |archive-date=1 October 2017 }}</ref> Sankhayan Ghosh included "Lehra Do" in his ''Best Hindi Film Music of 2021'', in his review for ''[[Film Companion]]''.<ref>{{cite web|last=Ghosh|first=Sankhayan|date=2021-12-15|title=Best Hindi Film Music of 2021|url=https://www.filmcompanion.in/fc-lists/best-hindi-film-music-of-2021-shershaah-param-sundari/|website=[[Film Companion]]|language=en-US|access-date=23 October 2023|archive-date=4 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221004034325/https://www.filmcompanion.in/fc-lists/best-hindi-film-music-of-2021-shershaah-param-sundari/|url-status=live}}</ref> A reviewer from ''[[Hindustan Times]]'' stated that "The music deserves a special mention. For once, you don't have song and dance sequences that seem forced, as both the tracks "Lehra Do" and "Bigadne Do" play as background music, aptly fitting the situation, evoking emotions."<ref>{{cite web|date=2021-12-21|title=83 music review: Pritam delivers a decent motivational soundtrack|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/83-music-review-pritam-delivers-decent-motivational-soundtrack-101640066216817.html|url-status=live|access-date=2021-12-25|website=Hindustan Times|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211226143122/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/83-music-review-pritam-delivers-decent-motivational-soundtrack-101640066216817.html |archive-date=26 December 2021 }}</ref> [[Anna M. M. Vetticad]] for ''[[Firstpost]]'' stated that "Pritam’s compositions for ''83'' are moving, but played at a needlessly high volume" while adding that [[Julius Packiam]]'s background score is "utilised more effectively".<ref>{{cite web|date=2021-12-21|title=83 movie review: Team Kabir Khan and Ranveer Singh bring the Cup home … again|url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/bollywood/83-movie-review-team-kabir-khan-and-ranveer-singh-bring-the-cup-home-again-10226111.html|access-date=2021-12-25|website=Firstpost|language=en|archive-date=25 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211225100238/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/bollywood/83-movie-review-team-kabir-khan-and-ranveer-singh-bring-the-cup-home-again-10226111.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Simran Singh of ''[[Daily News and Analysis]]'' stated "Pritam's music and Julias Packiam's background score sync well with the theme, and the song 'Lehra Do,' is the soul of the film."<ref>{{cite web|title='83' movie review: Ranveer Singh and team deliver a power-packed performance in this engaging film|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/movie-reviews/report-83-movie-review-ranveer-singh-and-team-deliver-a-power-packed-performance-in-this-engaging-film-2924894|access-date=2021-12-26|website=DNA India|language=en|archive-date=26 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211226110053/https://www.dnaindia.com/movie-reviews/report-83-movie-review-ranveer-singh-and-team-deliver-a-power-packed-performance-in-this-engaging-film-2924894|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Track listing ==

=== Hindi ===
{{Track listing
| headline = ''83'' (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack)
| length7 = 3:20
| note8 = Reprise
| extra8 = [[Papon (singer)|Papon]]
| lyrics8 = Kausar Munir
| length8 = 3:18
| title9 = Victory at Lords
| extra9 = [[Instrumental]]
| lyrics9 = —
| length9 = 4:56
| title10 = Lehra Do
| note10 = Extended
| extra10 = Arijit Singh
| lyrics10 = Kausar Munir
| length10 = 3:59
| title8 = Yeh Hausle
| title11 = Utth Ja Ziddi Re
| lyrics11 = Prashant Ingole
| length11 = 3:58
| title12 = The Bouncer
| extra12 = Instrumental
| lyrics12 = —
| length12 = 4:01
| title13 = World Record 175*
| extra13 = Instrumental
| lyrics13 = —
| length13 = 1:42
| title14 = Jeetega Jeetega
| note14 = Bonus Track
| extra14 = Arijit Singh
| lyrics14 = Kausar Munir
| extra11 = [[Raghav Chaitanya]]
| lyrics7 = Kausar Munir
| title4 = Utth Ja Ziddi Re
| extra7 = Arijit Singh
| total_length = 53:47
| title1 = Lehra Do
| lyrics1 = [[Kausar Munir]]
| extra1 = [[Arijit Singh]]
| length1 = 3:37
| title2 = Jeetega Jeetega
| note2 = Film Version
| lyrics2 = Kausar Munir
| extra2 = Arijit Singh
| length2 = 3:57
| title3 = Bigadne De
| extra3 = [[Benny Dayal]]
| lyrics3 = Ashish Pandit
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| length3 = 4:18
| note4 = Film Version
| extra4 = [[Tushar Joshi]]
| lyrics4 = Prashant Ingole
| length4 = 3:58
| title5 = Yeh Hausle
| extra5 = [[KK (singer)|K.K.]]
| lyrics5 = Kausar Munir
| length5 = 4:03
| title6 = Sakht Jaan
| extra6 = [[Amit Mishra (singer)|Amit Mishra]]
| lyrics6 = [[Jaideep Sahni]]
| length6 = 3:52
| title7 = Lehra Do
| note7 = Film Version
| length14 = 4:48
}}

=== Tamil ===
{{Track listing
| title1 = Kodiyettru
| length1 = 3:28
| total_length = 11:38
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| extra1 = [[Mohammed Irfan (singer)|Mohammed Irfan]]
| extra2 = [[Benny Dayal]]
| title2 = Nee Oliyettru
| length2 = 4:17
| all_lyrics = R. P. Bala
| headline = ''83'' (Tamil) [Original Motion Picture Soundtrack]
| extra3 = [[Amit Mishra]]
| title3 = Thalarndhidathe
| length3 = 3:53
}}

=== Telugu ===
{{Track listing
| title1 = Yegarali
| length1 = 3:28
| total_length = 11:39
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| extra1 = [[Mohammed Irfan (singer)|Mohammed Irfan]]
| extra2 = [[Benny Dayal]]
| title2 = Paduthu Leddam
| length2 = 4:19
| all_lyrics = Sriraag Vadlakonda
| headline = ''83'' (Telugu) [Original Motion Picture Soundtrack]
| title3 = Aagipothe Thappu
| length3 = 3:52
| extra3 = [[Amit Mishra]]
}}

=== Kannada ===
{{Track listing
| title1 = Jayabheri
| length1 = 3:29
| total_length = 11:38
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| extra1 = [[Mohammed Irfan (singer)|Mohammed Irfan]]
| extra2 = [[Benny Dayal]]
| title2 = Bitthaaku Guru
| length2 = 4:17
| all_lyrics = Varadaraj Chikkaballapura
| headline = ''83'' (Kannada) [Original Motion Picture Soundtrack]
| title3 = Munde Itta Hejje
| length3 = 3:52
| extra3 = [[Amit Mishra]]
}}

=== Malayalam ===
{{Track listing
| title1 = Uyarene
| length1 = 3:28
| total_length = 11:37
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| extra1 = [[Mohammed Irfan (singer)|Mohammed Irfan]]
| extra2 = [[Benny Dayal]]
| title2 = Pinthudarene
| length2 = 4:18
| all_lyrics = Siju Thiruvaroor
| headline = ''83'' (Malayalam) [Original Motion Picture Soundtrack]
| length3 = 3:51
| title3 = Kaarirumbu Kaikal
| extra3 = [[Amit Mishra]]
}}

== Album credits ==

=== Original soundtrack ===
Credits adapted from [[Zee Music Company]]

==== Songwriter(s) ====
* [[Pritam]] (Composer, Arranger)

==== Performer(s) ====
* [[Music Composer|Composition]], [[Music Production|production]], [[musical arrangements]], [[Sound recording and reproduction|recording]], [[Audio mixing (recorded music)|mixing]], [[Mastering (audio)|mastering]] – [[Pritam]]
* [[Lyrics]] – [[Kausar Munir]], [[Jaideep Sahni]], Prashant Ingole and Ashish Pandit.
* [[Singers]] – [[Arijit Singh]]. [[Benny Dayal]]. [[Amit Mishra]], [[Papon (singer)|Papon]], Tushar Joshi, [[Mohammed Irfan (singer)|Mohammed Irfan]], Raghava Chaitanya and [[KK (singer)|K.K.]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:2021 soundtrack albums]]
[[Category:2020s film soundtrack albums]]
[[Category:Hindi film soundtracks]]
[[Category:Sports film soundtracks]]
[[Category:Biographical film soundtracks]]

Sunil Bhardwaj

2026-01-05T13:17:42Z

ErmelindaDez: added new pg

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2025}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| office = Member of [[Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly]]
| constituency = [[Ramnagar, Jammu and Kashmir Assembly constituency| Ramnagar]]
| term_start = 8 October 2024
| term_end =
| profession = Politician
| predecessor = [[Ranbir Singh Pathania]]
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
}}
'''Sunil Bhardwaj''' is an Indian politician from Jammu & Kashmir. He is a [[Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly|Member of the Jammu & Kashmir Legislative Assembly]] from [[2024 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|2024]], representing [[Ramnagar, Jammu and Kashmir Assembly constituency|Ramnagar Assembly constituency]] as a Member of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party|Bharatiya Janta Party]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-10-08 |title=Ramnagar, J&K Assembly Election Results 2024 Highlights: BJP's Sunil Bhardwaj with 30317 defeats JKNPP(I)'s Ashri Devi |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/assembly/story/ramnagar-jammu-and-kashmir-assembly-election-results-2024-live-updates-aelb-2612939-2024-10-08 |access-date=2024-10-08 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-10-08 |title=Ramnagar Election Result 2024 LIVE Update: Assembly Winner, Leading, MLA, Margin, Candidates |url=https://www.news18.com/elections/ramnagar-election-result-2024-live-update-9077447.html |access-date=2024-10-08 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref>

== See also ==

* [[2024 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|2024 Jammu & Kashmir Legislative Assembly election]]
* [[Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bhardwaj, Sunil}}
[[Category:People from Udhampur district]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Jammu and Kashmir MLAs 2024–2029]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Jammu and Kashmir]]

{{JammuKashmir-BJP-politician-stub}}

Kalpesh

2026-01-03T18:21:47Z

ErmelindaDez: Put up new stub first draft - done

{{Infobox given name
| name = Kalpesh
| image =
| image_size =
| caption =
| pronunciation =
| gender = Male
| meaning = Lord of Perfection<ref name="Sharma2015">{{cite book|author=Mahesh Sharma|title=INDIAN BABY NAMES: Baby Names|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=R5UkCQAAQBAJ&pg=PT53|accessdate=30 January 2019|date=9 May 2015|publisher=Mahesh Dutt Sharma|pages=53–|id=GGKEY:T8T0EWAXR30}}</ref><ref name="Navarro2015">{{cite book|author=Yvonne Navarro|title=First Name Reverse Dictionary: Given Names Listed by Meaning, 2d ed.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BQsyBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA223|accessdate=30 January 2019|date=24 January 2015|publisher=McFarland|isbn=978-1-4766-0996-6|pages=223–}}</ref>
| region = [[India]]
| language =
| origin =
| alternative spelling =
| nickname =
| variant forms =
| related names =
| name day =
| derived =
| popularity =
| footnotes =
}}
'''Kalpesh '''is an [[Indian given name|Indian]] masculine [[given name]].

The following are people called "Kalpesh":

* [[Kalpesh Lathigra]], British photographer
* [[Kalpesh Parekh]], Indian dubbing artist
* [[Kalpesh Patel (Kenyan cricketer)|Kalpesh Patel]], Kenyan cricketer
* [[Kalpesh Patel (Indian cricketer)]]
* [[Kalpesh Satyendra Jhaveri]], Indian Judge

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{given name}}

[[Category:Hindu given names]]
[[Category:Indian masculine given names]]
[[Category:Masculine given names]]

West Bengal Lokayukta

2025-12-02T12:37:44Z

ErmelindaDez:

{{Short description|Parliamentary Ombudsman for the state of West Bengal}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2024}}
{{Infobox law enforcement agency
| agencyname = West Bengal
| nativename =
| nativenamea =
| nativenamer =
| commonname =
| patch =
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| logo =
| logocaption =
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| image_size =
| motto =
| mottotranslated =
| mission =
| formed = 2003
| preceding1 =
| employees =
| volunteers =
| budget =
| country = India
| federal = No
| map =
| mapcaption =
| sizearea =
| sizepopulation =
| legaljuris =
| governingbody =
| governingbodyscnd =
| constitution1 =
| restriction =
| overviewtype =
| overviewbody =
| headquarters = Office of The Lokayukta, [[Kolkata]], West Bengal.
| hqlocmap =
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| hqlocmappoptitle =
| sworntype =
| sworn =
| unsworntype =
| unsworn =
| electeetype =
| minister1name =
| minister1pfo =
| chief1name = Justice (retd.) Rabindranath Samanta<ref name="Beng Ref4" />
| chief1position =
| parentagency =
| website =
| child1agency =
| unittype =
| unitname =
| officetype =
| officename =
| stationtype =
| stations =
}}

'''West Bengal Lokayukta''' is the [[Parliamentary Ombudsman]] for the [[West Bengal|state of West Bengal]], [[India]]. It is a high level statutory functionary, created to address grievances of the public against ministers, legislators, administration and public servants in issues related to misuse of power, mal-administration and [[Corruption in India|corruption]]. It was first formed under the West Bengal Lokayukta and Upa-Lokayukta Act in 2003.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/bengal-appoints-lokayukta-hrc-chief-gets-tenure-extended/articleshow/125703448.cms|title=Bengal appoints Lokayukta, HRC Chief gets tenure extended|last=Konar|first=Debashis|date=2 December 2025|access-date=2 December 2025|url-status=live|work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> With [[The Lokpal and Lokayuktas Act, 2013]] adopted by the [[Parliament of India|Indian Parliament]] coming into force on 16 January 2014, each Indian state was required to appoint its [[Lokayukta]] within a year.<ref name="Bengal Ref7">{{cite news |last1=Seetharaman |first1=G. |title=Delay in the appointment of Lokpal & Lokayukta: Who will bell the graft? |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/why-there-is-no-lokpal-at-centre-and-lokayukta-in-many-states/articleshow/66570168.cms |access-date=5 September 2021 |publisher=The Economic Times |date=10 November 2018}}</ref><ref name="Bengal Ref8">{{cite news |title=Lok Sabha passes landmark Lokpal Bill |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/lok-sabha-passes-landmark-lokpal-bill/article20701403.ece1 |access-date=5 September 2021 |publisher=businessline |date=12 March 2018 |language=en}}</ref> A bench of Lokayukta should consist of judicial and non-judicial members.<ref name="Bengal Ref9">{{cite news |title=Only four states have appointed judicial, non-judicial members of Lokayukta, says report |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/only-four-states-have-appointed-judicial-non-judicial-members-of-lokayukta-says-report/articleshow/79627314.cms?from=mdr |access-date=5 September 2021 |publisher=The Economic Times |date=8 December 2020}}</ref> An Upa-Lokayukta is a deputy to Lokayukta and assists him in his work and acts in-charge Lokayukta in case the position falls vacant before time.

A [[Lokayukta]] of the state is appointed to office by the state [[Governor (India)|Governor]] after consulting the committee consisting of State [[Chief minister (India)|Chief Minister]], [[Speaker (politics)|Speaker]] of Legislative Assembly, [[Leader of Opposition]], Chairman of Legislative Council and Leader of Opposition of Legislative Council and cannot be removed from office except for reasons specified in the Act and will serve the period of five years.

== History and Administration ==

West Bengal Lokayukta and Upa-Lokayukta was approved by its Legislative Assembly in 2003.<ref name="Beng Ref1">{{cite news |last1=Dutta|first1=Arkamoy|title=West Bengal Lokayukta Act passed, CM out of purview for 'public orders'|url=https://www.livemint.com/Politics/wgYy68QOHssqMsb3Zl4FSP/West-Bengal-Lokayukta-Act-passed-CM-out-of-purview-for-pub.html|access-date=7 September 2021|publisher=mint|date=26 July 2018|language=en}}</ref> The state Lokayukta had been approved in years 2004, 2007 and 2018<ref name="Beng Ref1" /> for

* Investigation against members referred as "public servants" in the Act, needs the permission of the State Government.
* State Parliamentary Affairs minister had been included in the committee formed for the selection of new Lokayukta
* inclusion of High Court judge as eligibility for Lokayukta in addition to "potential Supreme Court judge".
* Removal of Upa-Lokayukta position.

In the year 2018, the Act had been amended to keep the Chief Minister out of the purview of Lokayukta except in special cases after approval from State Legislature with two-third members present and voting in its favour.<ref name="Bengal Ref6">{{cite news |title=Answerable only to people, says Mamata Banerjee as Bengal Lokayukta bill keeps CM's office out of ambit |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/answerable-only-to-people-says-mamata-banerjee-as-bengal-lokayukta-bill-keeps-cm-s-office-out-of-ambit/story-7YVZXQDK8PmDsDlFrMCk6H.html |access-date=7 September 2021 |publisher=Hindustan Times |date=26 July 2018 |language=en}}</ref> As per the Act, for initiating inquiry against any sitting member of Legislature Assembly permission from Assembly Speaker is needed.

== Oath or affirmation ==

{{Blockquote|"I, <name>, having been appointed Lokayukta (or Upa-Lokayukta) do swear in the name of God (or solemnly affirm) that I will bear faith and allegiance to the Constitution of India as by law established and I will duly and faithfully and to the best of my ability, knowledge and judgment perform the duties of my office without fear or favour, affection or ill-will."|First Schedule, West Bengal Lokayukta and Upa-Lokayuktas Act, 2003}}

== Powers ==

Lokayukta has independent powers to investigate and prosecute any government official or [[public servants]], who are covered by the act and against whom the complaint is received for abusing his authority for self interest or causes hurt to anyone or any action done intentionally or following corrupt practices negatively impacting the state or individual. However, the state Chief Minister is exempted from the Act in issues relating to Governance, nominations for police officials and bureaucratic staff.<ref name="Beng Ref1" /> The State Chief Minister is covered for 58 subjects of the State List after getting two-thirds majority approval from members present and voting for it in Legislature Assembly.<ref name="Beng Ref4"/> Once a complaint is received on allegations of corruption, wrong use of authority and misdeeds by any of public functionaries who may include any ministers in the Government and members of Legislature Assembly, Lokayukta has the power to recommend enquiry to necessary authorities and prosecute, if proven.

Appointments relating to state police, deployment of security forces in the state and any other emergency situations specified in the Act are regarded as public order.<ref name="Bengal Ref5">{{cite news |title=West Bengal Lokayukta (Amendment) Bill passed; CM kept out of its purview |url=https://www.thestatesman.com/cities/west-bengal-lokayukta-amendment-bill-passed-cm-kept-purview-1502665782.html |access-date=7 September 2021 |publisher=The Statesman |date=27 July 2018}}</ref>

== Appointment and Tenure ==

The first Lokayukta of the state was retired [[Calcutta High Court]] judge Samaresh Bandyopadhyay, from the year 2006 to 2009.<ref name="Beng Ref1" />

In year 2018, Ashim Kumar Roy, retired Calcutta HC judge, was appointed as the Lokayukta. He was reappointed for a second term in 2022.<ref name="Beng Ref2">{{cite news |title=West Bengal gets a new Lokayukta |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/west-bengal-gets-a-new-lokayukta/article25521694.ece |access-date=7 September 2021 |work=The Hindu |date=17 November 2018 |language=en-IN}}</ref><ref name="Beng Ref4">{{cite news |title=Retired High Court judge Asim Kumar Roy appointed Bengal Lokayukta |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/retired-high-court-judge-asim-kumar-roy-appointed-bengal-lokayukta/articleshow/66655258.cms |access-date=7 September 2021 |publisher=The Economic Times |date=16 November 2018}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> In December 2025, retired Calcutta HC judge Rabindranath Samanta was appointed the Lokayukta.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.millenniumpost.in/bengal/retd-justice-rabindranath-samanta-made-new-lokayukta-of-bengal-637833|title=Retd Justice Rabindranath Samanta made new Lokayukta of Bengal|last=Team MP|date=1 December 2025|access-date=2 December 2025|url-status=live|work=Millennium Post}}</ref>

== See also ==

* [[The Lokpal and Lokayuktas Act, 2013]]
* [[Goa Lokayukta]]
* [[Karnataka Lokayukta]]
* [[Delhi Lokayukta]]
* [[Himachal Pradesh Lokayukta]]

== References ==

{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [http://wbpar.gov.in/offices.php/ official website]

{{Lokayukta}}


[[Category:Anti-corruption measures in India]]
[[Category:Lokayuktas]]

2023 Pune Challenger – Singles

2025-11-29T11:48:21Z

ErmelindaDez:

{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2023}}
{{Tennis events|2023|Pune Challenger|
| champ = {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Max Purcell]]
| runner = {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Luca Nardi]]
| score = 6–2, 6–3
| edition =
| type = singles doubles
| before_year = 2019
| before_name = KPIT MSLTA Challenger
}}

{{main|2023 Pune Challenger}}

[[James Duckworth (tennis)|James Duckworth]] was the defending champion<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/tennis/james-duckworth-pune-challenger-title-jay-clarke/article29999922.ece|title=James Duckworth wins Pune Challenger|first=Nandakumar|last=Marar|date=17 November 2019|website=sportstar.thehindu.com}}</ref> but lost in the second round to [[Miljan Zekić]].

[[Max Purcell]] won the title after defeating [[Luca Nardi]] 6–2, 6–3 in the final.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/tennis/max-purcell-wins-2023-pune-open-atp-challenger-tour-title-final-luca-nardi-highlights-score-summary/article66583658.ece|title=Pune Open 2023: Max Purcell beats Luca Nardi in final, completes hat-trick of ATP Challenger Tour titles|first=Team|last=Sportstar|date=5 March 2023|website=sportstar.thehindu.com}}</ref>

==Seeds==
{{columns-list|colwidth=30em|
# {{flagicon|AUS}} [[James Duckworth (tennis)|James Duckworth]] ''(second round)''
# {{flagicon|TPE}} [[Tseng Chun-hsin]] ''(quarterfinals)''
# {{flagicon|AUS}} '''[[Max Purcell]] (champion)'''
# {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Luca Nardi]] ''(final)''
# {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Francesco Maestrelli]] ''(quarterfinals)''
# {{flagicon|CZE}} [[Dalibor Svrčina]] ''(first round)''
# {{flagicon|TPE}} [[Hsu Yu-hsiou]] ''(first round)''
# {{flagicon|JPN}} [[Rio Noguchi]] ''(quarterfinals)''
}}

==Draw==
{{Draw key}}

===Finals===
{{4TeamBracket-Tennis3
| RD1=Semifinals
| RD2=Final

| team-width=175

| RD1-seed1=
| RD1-team1={{flagicon|SRB}} [[Miljan Zekić]]
| RD1-score1-1=2
| RD1-score1-2=3
| RD1-score1-3=
| RD1-seed2=3
| RD1-team2='''{{flagicon|AUS}} [[Max Purcell]]'''
| RD1-score2-1='''6'''
| RD1-score2-2='''6'''
| RD1-score2-3=

| RD1-seed3=4
| RD1-team3='''{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Luca Nardi]]'''
| RD1-score3-1='''77'''
| RD1-score3-2=1
| RD1-score3-3='''7'''
| RD1-seed4=Q
| RD1-team4={{flagicon|CZE}} [[Dominik Palán]]
| RD1-score4-1=64
| RD1-score4-2='''6'''
| RD1-score4-3=5

| RD2-seed1=3
| RD2-team1='''{{flagicon|AUS}} [[Max Purcell]]'''
| RD2-score1-1='''6'''
| RD2-score1-2='''6'''
| RD2-score1-3=
| RD2-seed2=4
| RD2-team2={{flagicon|ITA}} [[Luca Nardi]]
| RD2-score2-1=2
| RD2-score2-2=3
| RD2-score2-3=
}}

===Top half===
{{16TeamBracket-Compact-Tennis3
| RD1=First round
| RD2=Second round
| RD3=Quarterfinals
| RD4=Semifinals

| RD1-seed01=1
| RD1-team01='''{{flagicon|AUS}} [[James Duckworth (tennis)|J Duckworth]]'''
| RD1-score01-1=65
| RD1-score01-2='''6'''
| RD1-score01-3='''6'''
| RD1-seed02=Alt
| RD1-team02={{flagicon|IND}} [[Prajnesh Gunneswaran|P Gunneswaran]]
| RD1-score02-1='''77'''
| RD1-score02-2=2
| RD1-score02-3=3

| RD1-seed03=
| RD1-team03='''{{flagicon|SRB}} [[Miljan Zekić|M Zekić]]'''
| RD1-score03-1='''6'''
| RD1-score03-2='''6'''
| RD1-score03-3=
| RD1-seed04=Q
| RD1-team04={{flagicon|KOR}} [[Chung Yun-seong|Y-s Chung]]
| RD1-score04-1=3
| RD1-score04-2=4
| RD1-score04-3=

| RD1-seed05=
| RD1-team05='''{{flagicon|AUT}} [[Maximilian Neuchrist|M Neuchrist]]'''
| RD1-score05-1='''6'''
| RD1-score05-2='''7'''
| RD1-score05-3=
| RD1-seed06=WC
| RD1-team06={{flagicon|IND}} [[Arjun Kadhe|A Kadhe]]
| RD1-score06-1=2
| RD1-score06-2=5
| RD1-score06-3=

| RD1-seed07=
| RD1-team07='''{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Harold Mayot|H Mayot]]'''
| RD1-score07-1='''6'''
| RD1-score07-2='''6'''
| RD1-score07-3=
| RD1-seed08=7
| RD1-team08={{flagicon|TPE}} [[Hsu Yu-hsiou|Y-h Hsu]]
| RD1-score08-1=1
| RD1-score08-2=1
| RD1-score08-3=

| RD1-seed09=3
| RD1-team09='''{{flagicon|AUS}} [[Max Purcell|M Purcell]]'''
| RD1-score09-1=3
| RD1-score09-2='''6'''
| RD1-score09-3='''6'''
| RD1-seed10=WC
| RD1-team10={{flagicon|IND}} [[Mukund Sasikumar|M Sasikumar]]
| RD1-score10-1='''6'''
| RD1-score10-2=3
| RD1-score10-3=0

| RD1-seed11=Q
| RD1-team11={{flagicon|JPN}} Makoto Ochi
| RD1-score11-1='''7'''
| RD1-score11-2=61
| RD1-score11-3=2
| RD1-seed12=
| RD1-team12='''{{flagicon|BUL}} [[Dimitar Kuzmanov|D Kuzmanov]]'''
| RD1-score12-1=5
| RD1-score12-2='''77'''
| RD1-score12-3='''6'''

| RD1-seed13=
| RD1-team13='''{{flagicon|AUS}} [[Dane Sweeny|D Sweeny]]'''
| RD1-score13-1='''6'''
| RD1-score13-2='''6'''
| RD1-score13-3=
| RD1-seed14=LL
| RD1-team14={{flagicon|GBR}} [[Jay Clarke (tennis)|J Clarke]]
| RD1-score14-1=0
| RD1-score14-2=2
| RD1-score14-3=

| RD1-seed15=PR
| RD1-team15={{flagicon|AUS}} [[Marc Polmans|M Polmans]]
| RD1-score15-1='''6'''
| RD1-score15-2=1
| RD1-score15-3=2
| RD1-seed16=5
| RD1-team16='''{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Francesco Maestrelli|F Maestrelli]]'''
| RD1-score16-1=1
| RD1-score16-2='''6'''
| RD1-score16-3='''6'''

| RD2-seed01=1
| RD2-team01={{flagicon|AUS}} [[James Duckworth (tennis)|J Duckworth]]
| RD2-score01-1='''6'''
| RD2-score01-2=4
| RD2-score01-3=62
| RD2-seed02=
| RD2-team02='''{{flagicon|SRB}} [[Miljan Zekić|M Zekić]]'''
| RD2-score02-1=4
| RD2-score02-2='''6'''
| RD2-score02-3='''77'''

| RD2-seed03=
| RD2-team03={{flagicon|AUT}} [[Maximilian Neuchrist|M Neuchrist]]
| RD2-score03-1=4
| RD2-score03-2=0r
| RD2-score03-3=
| RD2-seed04=
| RD2-team04='''{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Harold Mayot|H Mayot]]'''
| RD2-score04-1='''6'''
| RD2-score04-2=0
| RD2-score04-3=

| RD2-seed05=3
| RD2-team05='''{{flagicon|AUS}} [[Max Purcell|M Purcell]]'''
| RD2-score05-1='''6'''
| RD2-score05-2='''6'''
| RD2-score05-3=
| RD2-seed06=
| RD2-team06={{flagicon|BUL}} [[Dimitar Kuzmanov|D Kuzmanov]]
| RD2-score06-1=2
| RD2-score06-2=4
| RD2-score06-3=

| RD2-seed07=
| RD2-team07={{flagicon|AUS}} [[Dane Sweeny|D Sweeny]]
| RD2-score07-1='''77'''
| RD2-score07-2=3
| RD2-score07-3=5
| RD2-seed08=5
| RD2-team08='''{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Francesco Maestrelli|F Maestrelli]]'''
| RD2-score08-1=62
| RD2-score08-2='''6'''
| RD2-score08-3='''7'''

| RD3-seed01=
| RD3-team01='''{{flagicon|SRB}} [[Miljan Zekić|M Zekić]]'''
| RD3-score01-1='''6'''
| RD3-score01-2='''6'''
| RD3-score01-3=
| RD3-seed02=
| RD3-team02={{flagicon|FRA}} [[Harold Mayot|H Mayot]]
| RD3-score02-1=2
| RD3-score02-2=4
| RD3-score02-3=

| RD3-seed03=3
| RD3-team03='''{{flagicon|AUS}} [[Max Purcell|M Purcell]]'''
| RD3-score03-1='''6'''
| RD3-score03-2='''6'''
| RD3-score03-3=
| RD3-seed04=5
| RD3-team04={{flagicon|ITA}} [[Francesco Maestrelli|F Maestrelli]]
| RD3-score04-1=0
| RD3-score04-2=2
| RD3-score04-3=

| RD4-seed01=
| RD4-team01={{flagicon|SRB}} [[Miljan Zekić|M Zekić]]
| RD4-score01-1=2
| RD4-score01-2=3
| RD4-score01-3=
| RD4-seed02=3
| RD4-team02='''{{flagicon|AUS}} [[Max Purcell|M Purcell]]'''
| RD4-score02-1='''6'''
| RD4-score02-2='''6'''
| RD4-score02-3=
}}

===Bottom half===
{{16TeamBracket-Compact-Tennis3
| RD1=First round
| RD2=Second round
| RD3=Quarterfinals
| RD4=Semifinals

| RD1-seed01=8
| RD1-team01='''{{flagicon|JPN}} [[Rio Noguchi|R Noguchi]]'''
| RD1-score01-1=4
| RD1-score01-2='''6'''
| RD1-score01-3='''77'''
| RD1-seed02=
| RD1-team02={{flagicon|CZE}} [[Marek Gengel|M Gengel]]
| RD1-score02-1='''6'''
| RD1-score02-2=2
| RD1-score02-3=61

| RD1-seed03=
| RD1-team03={{flagicon|POR}} [[Frederico Ferreira Silva|F Ferreira Silva]]
| RD1-score03-1='''77'''
| RD1-score03-2=65
| RD1-score03-3=4
| RD1-seed04=Q
| RD1-team04='''{{flagicon|SRB}} [[Nikola Milojević (tennis)|N Milojević]]'''
| RD1-score04-1=61
| RD1-score04-2='''77'''
| RD1-score04-3='''6'''

| RD1-seed05=
| RD1-team05={{flagicon|VIE}} [[Lý Hoàng Nam|NH Lý]]
| RD1-score05-1=1
| RD1-score05-2=1
| RD1-score05-3=
| RD1-seed06=
| RD1-team06='''{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Lorenzo Giustino|L Giustino]]'''
| RD1-score06-1='''6'''
| RD1-score06-2='''6'''
| RD1-score06-3=

| RD1-seed07=Q
| RD1-team07={{flagicon|ZIM}} [[Benjamin Lock|B Lock]]
| RD1-score07-1=1
| RD1-score07-2=5
| RD1-score07-3=
| RD1-seed08=4
| RD1-team08='''{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Luca Nardi|L Nardi]]'''
| RD1-score08-1='''6'''
| RD1-score08-2='''7'''
| RD1-score08-3=

| RD1-seed09=6
| RD1-team09={{flagicon|CZE}} [[Dalibor Svrčina|D Svrčina]]
| RD1-score09-1=4
| RD1-score09-2=64
| RD1-score09-3=
| RD1-seed10=Q
| RD1-team10='''{{flagicon|CZE}} [[Dominik Palán|D Palán]]'''
| RD1-score10-1='''6'''
| RD1-score10-2='''77'''
| RD1-score10-3=

| RD1-seed11=
| RD1-team11={{flagicon|JPN}} [[Yasutaka Uchiyama|Y Uchiyama]]
| RD1-score11-1=63
| RD1-score11-2='''6'''
| RD1-score11-3=4
| RD1-seed12=WC
| RD1-team12='''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Sumit Nagal|S Nagal]]'''
| RD1-score12-1='''77'''
| RD1-score12-2=4
| RD1-score12-3='''6'''

| RD1-seed13=
| RD1-team13='''{{flagicon|SRB}} [[Hamad Međedović|H Međedović]]'''
| RD1-score13-1='''6'''
| RD1-score13-2='''6'''
| RD1-score13-3=
| RD1-seed14=Alt
| RD1-team14={{flagicon|JPN}} [[Hiroki Moriya|H Moriya]]
| RD1-score14-1=3
| RD1-score14-2=4
| RD1-score14-3=

| RD1-seed15=Q
| RD1-team15={{flagicon|AUS}} [[Akira Santillan|A Santillan]]
| RD1-score15-1='''6'''
| RD1-score15-2=5
| RD1-score15-3=4
| RD1-seed16=2
| RD1-team16='''{{flagicon|TPE}} [[Tseng Chun-hsin|C-h Tseng]]'''
| RD1-score16-1=4
| RD1-score16-2='''7'''
| RD1-score16-3='''6'''

| RD2-seed01=8
| RD2-team01='''{{flagicon|JPN}} [[Rio Noguchi|R Noguchi]]'''
| RD2-score01-1=2
| RD2-score01-2='''7'''
| RD2-score01-3='''6'''
| RD2-seed02=Q
| RD2-team02={{flagicon|SRB}} [[Nikola Milojević (tennis)|N Milojević]]
| RD2-score02-1='''6'''
| RD2-score02-2=5
| RD2-score02-3=3

| RD2-seed03=
| RD2-team03={{flagicon|ITA}} [[Lorenzo Giustino|L Giustino]]
| RD2-score03-1='''713'''
| RD2-score03-2=0
| RD2-score03-3=4
| RD2-seed04=4
| RD2-team04='''{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Luca Nardi|L Nardi]]'''
| RD2-score04-1=611
| RD2-score04-2='''6'''
| RD2-score04-3='''6'''

| RD2-seed05=Q
| RD2-team05='''{{flagicon|CZE}} [[Dominik Palán|D Palán]]'''
| RD2-score05-1=4
| RD2-score05-2='''6'''
| RD2-score05-3='''6'''
| RD2-seed06=WC
| RD2-team06={{flagicon|IND}} [[Sumit Nagal|S Nagal]]
| RD2-score06-1='''6'''
| RD2-score06-2=3
| RD2-score06-3=4

| RD2-seed07=
| RD2-team07={{flagicon|SRB}} [[Hamad Međedović|H Međedović]]
| RD2-score07-1=4
| RD2-score07-2=4
| RD2-score07-3=
| RD2-seed08=2
| RD2-team08='''{{flagicon|TPE}} [[Tseng Chun-hsin|C-h Tseng]]'''
| RD2-score08-1='''6'''
| RD2-score08-2='''6'''
| RD2-score08-3=

| RD3-seed01=8
| RD3-team01={{flagicon|JPN}} [[Rio Noguchi|R Noguchi]]
| RD3-score01-1=3
| RD3-score01-2=0
| RD3-score01-3=
| RD3-seed02=4
| RD3-team02='''{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Luca Nardi|L Nardi]]'''
| RD3-score02-1='''6'''
| RD3-score02-2='''6'''
| RD3-score02-3=

| RD3-seed03=Q
| RD3-team03='''{{flagicon|CZE}} [[Dominik Palán|D Palán]]'''
| RD3-score03-1='''77'''
| RD3-score03-2=1
| RD3-score03-3='''6'''
| RD3-seed04=2
| RD3-team04={{flagicon|TPE}} [[Tseng Chun-hsin|C-h Tseng]]
| RD3-score04-1=64
| RD3-score04-2='''6'''
| RD3-score04-3=3

| RD4-seed01=4
| RD4-team01='''{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Luca Nardi|L Nardi]]'''
| RD4-score01-1='''77'''
| RD4-score01-2=1
| RD4-score01-3='''7'''
| RD4-seed02=Q
| RD4-team02={{flagicon|CZE}} [[Dominik Palán|D Palán]]
| RD4-score02-1=64
| RD4-score02-2='''6'''
| RD4-score02-3=5
}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.protennislive.com/posting/2023/7100/mds.pdf Main draw]
*[http://www.protennislive.com/posting/2023/7100/qs.pdf Qualifying draw]

{{DEFAULTSORT:2023 Pune Challenger - 1}}
[[Category:2023 ATP Challenger Tour|Pune Challenger - 1]]
[[Category:KPIT MSLTA Challenger|2023 Singles]]

Lucknow Junction–Chandigarh Express

2025-11-11T09:48:55Z

ErmelindaDez: Created basic details added tags

{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2017}}
{{Infobox rail service
| name = Lucknow Junction–Chandigarh Express
| image = LKO - CDG SF (35477333454).jpg
| image_width = 270px
| caption = Lucknow Junction–Chandigarh Express
| type = [[Express trains in India|Express]]
| locale =
| first =
| last =
| operator = [[North Eastern Railway zone]]
| ridership =
| start = {{stnlnk|Lucknow Junction}} (LJN)
| stops = 18
| end = {{stnlnk|Chandigarh Junction }} (CDG)
| distance = {{convert|702|km|0|abbr=on}}
| journeytime = 15h 50m
| frequency = Daily {{efn|Runs seven days in a week for every direction.}}
| class = AC 2 tier, AC 3 tier, Sleeper class, General Unreserved
| seating = No
| sleeping = Yes
| autorack =
| catering = On-board catering E-catering
| observation = [[LHB coach]]
| entertainment = No
| baggage = No
| other facilities= Below the seats
| stock = 2
| gauge = {{track gauge|1676mm|al=on|allk=on}}
| electrification =
| trainnumber = 15011/15012
| speed = {{convert|44|km/h|0|abbr=on}}, including halts
| map =
| map_state =
}}

The '''Lucknow Junction–Chandigarh Express''' is an [[Express trains in India|Express]] train belonging to [[North Eastern Railway zone]] that runs between {{stnlnk|Lucknow Junction}} and {{stnlnk|Chandigarh Junction}} in India. It is currently being operated with 15011/15012 train numbers on a daily basis.<ref>[http://www.nr.indianrailways.gov.in/view_detail.jsp?lang=0&id=0,4,268&dcd=5321&did=1459424099923660701D3D6870EEB990A7205A0F18BAB.web91 Cancellation/ Partial Cancellation/Diversion/Regulation/Rescheduling Of Trains Due To Traffic Block on Saharanpur- Ambala Section On 02.04.2016]</ref><ref>[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/Trains-to-be-diverted-from-Sep-26-till-Sep-30/articleshow/54501297.cms "Trains to be diverted from Sep 26 till Sep 30"]</ref><ref>[http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/northern-railways-fog-measure-from-january-8-to-march-1-next-year-21-trains-cancelled/ Northern Railway's fog measure]</ref><ref>[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/Railways-reduce-frequency-of-prominent-trains-during-fog/articleshow/50481986.cms Railways reduce frequency of prominent trains during fog]</ref>

== Service==

The 15011/Lucknow Jn.–Chandigarh Express has an average speed of 44 km/h and covers 702 km in 15h 50m. The 15012/Chandigarh–Lucknow Jn. Express has an average speed of 44 km/h and covers 702 km in 15h 50m.

== Route and halts ==

The important halts of the train are:

* {{stnlnk|Lucknow Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Moradabad Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Amroha}}
* {{stnlnk|Bijnor}}
* {{stnlnk|Muzzampur Narayan}}
* {{stnlnk|Laksar Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Roorkee}}
* {{stnlnk|Saharanpur Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Yamunanagar-Jagadhri}}
* {{stnlnk|Yamunanagar-Jagadhri}}
* {{stnlnk|Ambala Cantonment}}
* {{stnlnk|Chandigarh Junction}}

==Coach composition==

The train has standard LHB rakes with a maximum speed of 110 km/h. The train consists of 16 coaches:

* 2 AC II Tier
* 6 AC III Tier
* 3 Sleeper coaches
* 3 General Unreserved
* 1 Seating cum Luggage Rake
* 1 EOG

== Traction==

Both trains are hauled by a [[Diesel Loco Shed, Gonda|Gonda Loco Shed]]-based [[WDM-3A]] diesel locomotive from Lucknow to Chandigarh and vice versa.

==Direction reversal==

The train reverses its direction 1 times:

* {{stnlnk|Muazzampur Narayan Junction}}

== See also ==

* [[Lucknow Junction railway station]]
* [[Chandigarh Junction railway station]]
* [[Lucknow–Chandigarh Express]]

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

== References ==

{{reflist}}

== External links ==

* [https://d.indiarailinfo.com/train/lucknow-jn-chandigarh-express-15011/1431/906/1440 15011/Lucknow Jn.–Chandigarh Express] India Rail Info
* [https://d.indiarailinfo.com/train/1585 15012/Chandigarh–Lucknow Jn. Express] India Rail Info

{{Railways in Northern India}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Lucknow Junction-Chandigarh Express}}
[[Category:Passenger trains originating from Lucknow]]
[[Category:Express trains in India]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Uttarakhand]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Haryana]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Chandigarh]]

{{India-express-train-stub}}

Jibon Singh Khangebam

2025-10-22T02:41:28Z

ErmelindaDez: Put up basic bio w/ refs - done

{{short description|Indian footballer (born 1990)}}
{{Western name order|Khangebam Jibon Singh}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2016}}
{{Infobox football biography
| name = Jibon Singh
| image =
| fullname = Jibon Singh Khangebam
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1990|2|6}}
| birth_place = [[Manipur]], [[India]]
| height = 178 cm
| position = [[Left back (association football)|Left back]]
| currentclub =
| clubnumber =
| youthyears1 = 2009
| youthclubs1 = [[East Bengal Club|East Bengal]]
| years1 = 2010–2012
| clubs1 = [[Pailan Arrows]]
| caps1 = 15
| goals1 = 0
| years2 = 2012–2015
| clubs2 = [[Shillong Lajong F.C.|Shillong Lajong]]
| caps2 = 6
| goals2 = 1
| years3 = 2014
| clubs3 = →[[NorthEast United]] (loan)
| years4 = 2015–2016
| clubs4 = [[NEROCA FC]]
| caps4 =
| goals4 =
| nationalyears1 = 2009
| nationalteam1 = [[India national under-23 football team|India U23]]
| nationalcaps1 = 5
| nationalgoals1 = 1
| nationalyears2 = 2010
| nationalteam2 = [[Indian national football team|India]]
| nationalcaps2 = 1
| nationalgoals2 = 1
| pcupdate = 20 May 2015
| ntupdate =
}}
{{Meitei name|Khangebam|Jibon|Singh}}

'''Jibon Singh Khangebam''' ({{langx|mni|Khangebam Jibon Singh}}, born 6 February 1990) is an Indian [[association football|footballer]] who plays for [[Shillong Lajong F.C.|Shillong Lajong]] in the [[I-League]]. He plays as a left back or in midfield positions. Singh represented [[India national under-23 football team|India U23]] in the SAFF Cup 2009 and [[Football at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Men's Asian Qualifiers|2012 AFC Pre-Olympic Tournament]] in 2011.

==Career==

===Pailan Arrows===
For the [[I-League 2010-11|2010-11 I-League]] season Singh played for [[I-League]] newcomers [[Indian Arrows]], a team made up exclusively of [[India national under-20 football team|Indian Under-19]] players. On 3 December 2010 Singh took part in the Arrows' first ever [[I-League]] game against [[Prayag United S.C.|Chirag United]]. The final score was 2-1 in Chirag United's favor.

Singh started off the 2011-12 football season in the [[2011 Indian Federation Cup]] with renamed Pailan Arrows. He was selected as the captain of team for 2011-12 season. In Pailan's first match against [[Hindustan Aeronautics Limited S.C.|HAL S.C.]], Singh scored the only goal of the game in the 89th minute from the penalty spot which left Pailan the 1-0 winners.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://the-aiff.com/pages/news/index.php?N_Id=2733 |title=The AIFF |access-date=18 September 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120328141607/http://the-aiff.com/pages/news/index.php?N_Id=2733 |archive-date=28 March 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

===Shillong Lajong F.C.===
For the 2012-13 I-League season, Singh played for [[Shillong Lajong F.C.]]<ref>Sarmah, Bhargab (13 August 2012) [http://www.thehardtackle.com/2012/indian-football-shillong-lajong-2012-13-season-preview-and-team-analysis/ Indian Football : Shillong Lajong 2012/13 Season Preview] thehardtackle.com</ref> He scored his first goal for the club in the [[I-League]]'s 5th round against [[Dempo S.C.|Dempo]], but Shillong lost that match, with 4-1 the final score.

===International===
On 23 February 2011, Singh played his second game for the [[India national under-23 football team|Indian U23]] against [[Myanmar national football team|Myanmar]].

==Statistics==

=== Club ===
''Updated 29 December 2011''
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%; text-align:center;"
|-
!rowspan="2"|Club
!rowspan="2"|Season
!colspan="3"|League
!colspan="3"|Cup*
!colspan="3"|International
!colspan="3"|Total
|-
!Apps!!Goals!!Assists!!Apps!!Goals!!Assists!!Apps!!Goals!!Assists!!Apps!!Goals!!Assists
|-
|rowspan="2" valign="center"|[[Pailan Arrows]]
|[[2010–11 I-League|2010–11]]
|5||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||5||0||0
|-
|[[2011–12 I-League|2011-12]]
|10||0||0||3||2||0||0||0||0||13||2||0
|-
!colspan="2"|Career total
!15!!0!!0!!3!!2!!0!!0!!0!!0!!18!!2!!0
|-
|}

=== National team ===
''Statistics accurate as of 25 December 2011''
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! colspan=3 | [[India national football team|India national team]]
|-
!Year!!Apps!!Goals
|-
|-
|2010||1||1
|-
|2011||0||0
|-
!Total||1||1
|}

==Honours==

'''India U23'''
* [[SAFF Championship]]: [[2009 SAFF Championship|2009]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.goal.com/en-india/people/india/36851/jibon-singh Jibon Singh] Goal.com profile

{{Shillong Lajong F.C. squad}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Singh, Jibon}}
[[Category:1990 births]]
[[Category:Asian Games footballers for India]]
[[Category:Men's association football full-backs]]
[[Category:East Bengal Club players]]
[[Category:Footballers at the 2010 Asian Games]]
[[Category:Footballers from Manipur]]
[[Category:I-League players]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian sportsmen]]
[[Category:India men's international footballers]]
[[Category:India men's youth international footballers]]
[[Category:Indian Arrows players]]
[[Category:Indian men's footballers]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Shillong Lajong FC players]]

Intersex rights in India

2025-10-09T04:15:00Z

ErmelindaDez: new redirect

#REDIRECT [[LGBTQ rights in India#Intersex rights]]

{{Rcat shell|
{{R to related topic}}
{{R to section}}
}}

[[Category:Intersex rights in India| ]]

Peddanaickenpalayam block

2025-09-25T16:12:51Z

ErmelindaDez: updated formatting for clarity

{{Short description|Revenue block in Salem, Tamil Nadu, India}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{One source|date=February 2025}}
{{No footnotes|date=February 2025}}
}}
'''Peddanaickenpalayam block''' is a revenue block in the [[Salem district]] of [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]]. It has a total of 36 [[panchayat]] villages.

==References==
* {{cite web|title=Map of revenue blocks of Salem district|url=http://tnmaps.tn.nic.in/default.htm?blocks.php%3Fdcode=08|publisher=Government of Tamil Nadu|access-date=2011-08-30|archive-date=2014-08-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140808050751/http://tnmaps.tn.nic.in/default.htm?blocks.php%3Fdcode=08|url-status=dead}}

{{Salem district}}

{{coord missing|Tamil Nadu}}

[[Category:Revenue blocks of Salem district]]

{{SalemIN-geo-stub}}

List of ships of the Indian Navy

2025-08-04T18:17:28Z

ErmelindaDez: cleaned up page as per guidelines and updated info

#REDIRECT [[List of historical ships of the Indian Navy]]

{{Redirect category shell|
{{R from move}}
}}

Dharwad building collapse

2025-07-30T17:01:37Z

ErmelindaDez: corrected section after review and updated info

{{short description|Disaster in Dharwad which occurred on 19 July 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}

{{Infobox event|title=2019 Dharwad building collapse|date={{start date|2019|03|19|df=yes}}|reported deaths=19|reported injuries=70|Location=[[Dharwad]], [[Karnataka]], [[India]]
* Kumareshwar Nagar
* North West Dharwad|coordinates={{coord|15|28|22|N|74|59|30|E|display=inline,title}}|image={{Photomontage
| photo1a = 2019 Dharwad building collapse02.jpg
| photo2a = 2019 Dharwad building collapse.png
| color = #000000
| size = 350
| position = centre
| foot_montage =
(top) Rescuers rescuing the trapped. 
(bottom) Visual after the building collapse on the 4th day of the incident.
}}|Image_Caption=|map=|cause=Building collapse|time=Around afternoon|timezone=[[Indian standard time]]|Deaths=19}}

On 19 March 2019 an multi-storey under-construction commercial complex in Kumareshwar Nagar in [[Dharwad]], [[Karnataka]] collapsed, 19 people died and 50 more were injured in the accident.<ref>{{Cite web|date=March 19, 2019|first=Sangamesh|last=Menasinakai|title=Dharwad building collapse: 2 killed, over 70 feared trapped |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hubballi/dharwad-building-collapse-1-killed-over-90-feared-trapped/articleshow/68482292.cms|access-date=2021-11-26|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref> This collapse is considered one of the worst tragedies of Dharwad city.<ref>{{cite news |title=19 Dead In Karnataka Building Collapse, 10 Still Feared Trapped 3 Days On |url=https://www.ndtv.com/karnataka-news/12-dead-in-karnatakas-dharwad-building-collapse-10-still-feared-trapped-3-days-on-2010993 |accessdate=8 April 2019 |work=NDTV.com}}</ref>

==Incident==
On 19 March 2019 an multi-storey under-construction commercial complex in Kumareshwar Nagar of Dharwad, Karnataka collapsed, 19 people died and 50 more were injured in the accident.[1]This building collapse is considered as one of the worst tragedies of Dharwad city.

==Reactions==
The Chief minister of Karnataka, [[H. D. Kumaraswamy|HD kumarswamy]] visited the injured and the site of the accident. He refused to make any political statements.The Prime minister of India [[Narendra Modi]] also mourned the victims of the incident through [[Twitter]].

==Background==
The architect of the building that collapsed and killed 19 persons in March 2019 in [[Dharwad]] has been granted bail. The court noted that the structural engineer had issued a stability certificate after visiting the construction site and the architect cannot, at this point of time, be held accountable for allegedly using low quality construction material. The police have charged several persons, including employees of the local corporation. Vivek Laxmansa Pawar, the architect, is one of the accused.

The building was coming up on 9 guntas of land purchased by Sri Renukadevi Constructions. The basement and two parking basements were ready and there was permission to occupy it. The police say that the architect, owners and building engineers are responsible for the safety as the rest of building was still under construction. The police allege that work was undertaken using low quality materials in the knowledge of the architect, building owners and engineers. Three months after the collapse, Vivek was taken into custody.

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Disasters in India in 2019}}

[[Category:2019 disasters in India]]
[[Category:March 2019 in India]]
[[Category:Building and structure collapses in India]]
[[Category:Building and structure collapses in 2019]]
[[Category:Dharwad district]]
[[Category:2010s in Karnataka]]

1997–98 Ranji Trophy

2025-07-06T19:47:48Z

ErmelindaDez: adding new stub

{{Use British English|date=December 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2014}}
{{Infobox cricket tournament
| name = 1997–98 Ranji Trophy
| image = Ranji_trophy.jpg
| imagesize = 299px
| fromdate =
| todate =
| caption = The Ranji Trophy, which the winners get.
| administrator = [[Board of Control for Cricket in India|BCCI]]
| cricket format = [[First-class cricket]]
| tournament format = League and [[Single-elimination tournament|knockout]]
| host =
| champions = [[Karnataka cricket team|Karnataka]]
| count = 5
| participants = 27
| matches =
| attendance =
| player of the series =
| most runs = [[Vinod Kambli]] (Bombay) (880)<ref>{{cite web|title=Ranji Trophy, 1997/98 / Records / Most runs |url-access=subscription |url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Events/1/Ranji_Trophy_1997-98/Batting_by_Runs.html|access-date=23 July 2015}}</ref>
| most wickets = [[Paras Mhambrey]] (Bombay) (48)<ref>{{cite web|title=Ranji Trophy, 1997/98 / Records / Most wickets |url-access=subscription |url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Events/1/Ranji_Trophy_1997-98/Bowling_by_Wickets.html|access-date=23 July 2015}}</ref>
| website =
| previous_year = 1996–97
| previous_tournament = 1996–97 Ranji Trophy
| next_year = 1998–99
| next_tournament = 1998–99 Ranji Trophy
}}

The '''1997–98 Ranji Trophy''' was the 64th season of the [[Ranji Trophy]] cricket championship. Karnataka won the final match against Uttar Pradesh on first innings lead.

==Super League==
;Group A
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! style="width:120px"|Team<ref>{{cite web|url=http://static.espncricinfo.com/db/ARCHIVE/1997-98/IND_LOCAL/RANJI/RJI-SL/RJI-SL_1997-98_SUMMARY.html |title=Ranji Trophy, 1997-98: Super League Summary |publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=1 January 2022}}</ref>
! style="width:25px"|{{abbr|Played| Matches played}}
! style="width:25px"|{{abbr|W|Won}}
! style="width:25px"|{{abbr|D|Drawn}}
! style="width:25px"|{{abbr|L|Lost}}
! style="width:25px"|{{abbr|NR|No result}}
! style="width:25px"|{{abbr|Points|Points}}
|- style="background:#cfc;"
|style="text-align:left"|[[Karnataka cricket team|Karnataka]]
| 4 || 3 || 1 || 0 || 0 || '''27'''
|- style="background:#cfc;"
|style="text-align:left"|[[Mumbai cricket team|Mumbai]]
| 4 || 3 || 1 || 0 || 0 || '''26'''
|-
|style="text-align:left"|[[Orissa cricket team|Orissa]]
| 4 || 3 || 1 || 0 || 0 || '''13'''
|-
|style="text-align:left"|[[Punjab cricket team (India)|Punjab]]
| 4 || 3 || 1 || 0 || 0 || '''9'''
|-
|style="text-align:left"|[[Railways cricket team|Railways]]
| 4 || 3 || 1 || 0 || 0 || '''5'''
|}
* {{Color box|#cfc|border=darkgray}} Karnataka and Mumbai qualified for the Knockout Stage.
* Karnataka received a bye to the semifinals as the group winner.
* Mumbai received a bye to the semifinals as the defending champions.

;Group B
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! style="width:120px"|Team<ref>{{cite web|url=http://static.espncricinfo.com/db/ARCHIVE/1997-98/IND_LOCAL/RANJI/RJI-SL/RJI-SL_1997-98_SUMMARY.html |title=Ranji Trophy, 1997-98: Super League Summary |publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=1 January 2022}}</ref>
! style="width:25px"|{{abbr|Played| Matches played}}
! style="width:25px"|{{abbr|W|Won}}
! style="width:25px"|{{abbr|D|Drawn}}
! style="width:25px"|{{abbr|L|Lost}}
! style="width:25px"|{{abbr|NR|No result}}
! style="width:25px"|{{abbr|Points|Points}}
|- style="background:#cfc;"
|style="text-align:left"|[[Uttar Pradesh cricket team|Uttar Pradesh]]
| 2 || 0 || 1 || 0 || 1 || '''7'''
|- style="background:#cfc;"
|style="text-align:left"|[[Bengal cricket team|Bengal]]
| 2 || 0 || 1 || 0 || 1 || '''7'''
|-
|style="text-align:left"|[[Maharashtra cricket team|Maharashtra]]
| 2 || 0 || 2 || 0 || 0 || '''6'''
|-
|style="text-align:left"|[[Delhi cricket team|Delhi]]
| 2 || 0 || 1 || 0 || 0 || '''3'''
|-
|style="text-align:left"|[[Tamil Nadu cricket team|Tamil Nadu]]
| 2 || 0 || 1 || 0 || 0 || '''3'''
|}
* {{Color box|#cfc|border=darkgray}} Uttar Pradesh and Bengal qualified for the Knockout Stage.
* Delhi and Tamil Nadu were suspended from the tournament on February 21, 1998. Points against them were not considered for the remaining teams.

;Group C
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! style="width:120px"|Team<ref>{{cite web|url=http://static.espncricinfo.com/db/ARCHIVE/1997-98/IND_LOCAL/RANJI/RJI-SL/RJI-SL_1997-98_SUMMARY.html |title=Ranji Trophy, 1997-98: Super League Summary |publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=1 January 2022}}</ref>
! style="width:25px"|{{abbr|Played| Matches played}}
! style="width:25px"|{{abbr|W|Won}}
! style="width:25px"|{{abbr|D|Drawn}}
! style="width:25px"|{{abbr|L|Lost}}
! style="width:25px"|{{abbr|NR|No result}}
! style="width:25px"|{{abbr|Points|Points}}
|- style="background:#cfc;"
|style="text-align:left"|[[Uttar Pradesh cricket team|Uttar Pradesh]]
| 4 || 1 || 3 || 0 || 0 || '''19'''
|- style="background:#cfc;"
|style="text-align:left"|[[Haryana cricket team|Haryana]]
| 4 || 1 || 3 || 0 || 0 || '''19'''
|-
|style="text-align:left"|[[Madhya Pradesh cricket team|Madhya Pradesh]]
| 4 || 0 || 4 || 0 || 0 || '''18'''
|-
|style="text-align:left"|[[Baroda cricket team|Baroda]]
| 4 || 0 || 3 || 1 || 0 || '''13'''
|-
|style="text-align:left"|[[Bihar cricket team|Bihar]]
| 4 || 0 || 3 || 1 || 0 || '''11'''
|}
* {{Color box|#cfc|border=darkgray}} Hyderabad and Haryana qualified for the Knockout Stage.

== Knockout stage ==
{{8TeamBracket
| seed-width = 25px
| team-width = 125px
| score-width = 80px
| RD1 = Quarterfinals
| RD2 = Semifinals
| RD3 = Final

| RD1-seed1 =
| RD1-team1 = '''[[Hyderabad cricket team|Hyderabad]]'''
| RD1-score1 = '''209 & 244'''
| RD1-seed2 =
| RD1-team2 = [[Bengal cricket team|Bengal]]
| RD1-score2 = 244 & 166

| RD1-seed3 =
| RD1-team3 = '''[[Karnataka cricket team|Karnataka]]'''
| RD1-score3 =
| RD1-seed4 =
| RD1-team4 = bye
| RD1-score4 =

| RD1-seed5 =
| RD1-team5 = '''[[Mumbai cricket team|Mumbai]]'''
| RD1-score5 =
| RD1-seed6 =
| RD1-team6 = bye
| RD1-score6 =

| RD1-seed7 =
| RD1-team7 = '''[[Haryana cricket team|Haryana]]'''
| RD1-score7 = '''156 & 423'''
| RD1-seed8 =
| RD1-team8 = [[Uttar Pradesh cricket team|Uttar Pradesh]]
| RD1-score8 = 613

| RD2-seed1 =
| RD2-team1 = '''[[Karnataka cricket team|Karnataka]]'''
| RD2-score1 = '''309 & 157/9'''
| RD2-seed2 =
| RD2-team2 = [[Hyderabad cricket team|Hyderabad]]
| RD2-score2 = 283 & 179

| RD2-seed3 =
| RD2-team3 = [[Mumbai cricket team|Mumbai]]
| RD2-score3 = 94 & 328
| RD2-seed4 =
| RD2-team4 = '''[[Uttar Pradesh cricket team|Uttar Pradesh]]'''
| RD2-score4 = '''293 & 135/7'''

| RD3-seed1 =
| RD3-team1 = '''[[Karnataka cricket team|Karnataka]]'''
| RD3-score1 = '''617/9d'''
| RD3-seed2 =
| RD3-team2 = [[Uttar Pradesh cricket team|Uttar Pradesh]]
| RD3-score2 = 134 & 416/7

}}

===Quarterfinal 1===
{{Two-innings cricket match
| date = 30 March - 3 April 1998
| team1 = [[Hyderabad cricket team|Hyderabad]]
| team2 = [[Bengal cricket team|Bengal]]

| score-team1-inns1 = 209 (110.5 overs)
| runs-team1-inns1 = Daniel Manohar 44
| wickets-team1-inns1 = Ajay Varma 4/31 (15.5 overs)

| score-team2-inns1 = 243 (115.3 overs)
| runs-team2-inns1 = [[Saba Karim]] 69
| wickets-team2-inns1 = Narender Singh 7/103 (36 overs)

| score-team1-inns2 = 244 (92.4 overs)
| runs-team1-inns2 = Daniel Manohar 66
| wickets-team1-inns2 = Subroto Banerjee 5/58 (22.4 overs)

| score-team2-inns2 = 166 (67.4 overs)
| runs-team2-inns2 = [[Saba Karim]] 59*
| wickets-team2-inns2 = Daniel Manohar 4/48 (14)

| result = Hyderabad won by 44 runs
| report = [http://static.espncricinfo.com/db/ARCHIVE/1997-98/IND_LOCAL/RANJI/KNOCK-OUTS/BENG_HYD_RJI-QF1_30MAR-03APR1998.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Gymkhana Ground, Secunderabad]], [[Secunderabad]]
| umpires = KS Giridharan and N Menon
| motm =
| toss = Hyderabad won the toss and elected to bat.
| rain =
| notes =
}}

===Quarterfinal 2===
{{Two-innings cricket match
| date = 30 March - 3 April 1998
| team1 = [[Haryana cricket team|Haryana]]
| team2 = [[Uttar Pradesh cricket team|Uttar Pradesh]]

| score-team1-inns1 = 156 (63.3 overs)
| runs-team1-inns1 = Vijay Yadav 23
| wickets-team1-inns1 = [[Obaid Kamal]] 3/37 (17 overs)

| score-team2-inns1 = 613 (224.5 overs)
| runs-team2-inns1 = [[Saurabh Shukla]] 189
| wickets-team2-inns1 = [[Dhanraj Singh (cricketer)|Dhanraj Singh]] 3/77 (30.5 overs)

| score-team1-inns2 = 423 (115.3 overs)
| runs-team1-inns2 = Jitender Sharma 149
| wickets-team1-inns2 = [[Ashish Zaidi]] 4/111 (25.3 overs)

| score-team2-inns2 =
| runs-team2-inns2 =
| wickets-team2-inns2 =

| result = Uttar Pradesh won by an innings and 34 runs
| report = [http://static.espncricinfo.com/db/ARCHIVE/1997-98/IND_LOCAL/RANJI/KNOCK-OUTS/HRYNA_UP_RJI-QF2_30MAR-03APR1998.html Scorecard]
| venue = Ordnance Equipment Factory Ground, [[Kanpur]]
| umpires = CR Vijayaraghavan and S Dandapani
| motm =
| toss = Uttar Pradesh won the toss and elected to field.
| rain =
| notes =
}}

=== Semifinal 1 ===
{{Two-innings cricket match
| date = 9–12 April 1998
| round =
| team1 = [[Mumbai cricket team|Mumbai]] (H)
| team2 = [[Uttar Pradesh cricket team|Uttar Pradesh]]
| score-team1-inns1 = 94 (34.3 overs)
| runs-team1-inns1 = [[Jatin Paranjpe]] 42
| wickets-team1-inns1 = [[Ashish Zaidi]] 6/29 (11.3 overs)
| score-team2-inns1 = 293 (99.4 overs)
| runs-team2-inns1 = [[Gyanendra Pandey (cricketer)|Gyanendra Pandey]] 109
| wickets-team2-inns1 = [[Paras Mhambrey]] 3/48 (21 overs)
| score-team1-inns2 = 328 (112 overs)
| runs-team1-inns2 = [[Amol Muzumdar]] 87
| wickets-team1-inns2 = [[Obaid Kamal]] 5/58 (31 overs)
| score-team2-inns2 = 135/7 (60.2 overs)
| runs-team2-inns2 = [[Gyanendra Pandey (cricketer)|Gyanendra Pandey]] 45[[not out|*]]
| wickets-team2-inns2 = [[Nilesh Kulkarni]] 4/46 (23.2 overs)
| result = Uttar Pradesh won by 3 wickets
| report = [http://static.espncricinfo.com/db/ARCHIVE/1997-98/IND_LOCAL/RANJI/KNOCK-OUTS/BOM_UP_RJI-SEMI1_09-12APR1998.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Wankhede Stadium]], [[Mumbai]]
| umpires = [[Francis Gomes]] and [[Arani Jayaprakash]]
| motm =
| toss = Mumbai won the toss and elected to bat.
| rain =
| notes = [[Amol Muzumdar]] (Mumbai) passed 4,000 runs in first-class cricket.<ref>{{CricketArchive|ref=Archive/Scorecards/65/65574|name=Mumbai v Uttar Pradesh}}</ref>
}}

===Semifinal 2===
{{Two-innings cricket match
| date = 9–12 April 1998
| round =
| team1 = [[Hyderabad cricket team|Hyderabad]] (H)
| team2 = [[Karnataka cricket team|Karnataka]]
| score-team1-inns1 = 283 (126.1 overs)
| runs-team1-inns1 = [[Gangashetty Arvind Kumar|G Arvind Kumar]]
| wickets-team1-inns1 = [[Dodda Ganesh]] 5/74 (28.1 overs)
| score-team2-inns1 = 309 (135.3 overs)
| runs-team2-inns1 = [[J. Arunkumar]] 85
| wickets-team2-inns1 = [[Kanwaljit Singh (cricketer)|Kanwaljit Singh]] 7/62 (39.3 overs)
| score-team1-inns2 = 179 (62.2 overs)
| runs-team1-inns2 = [[Nand Kishore (cricketer, born 1970)|A Nand Kishore]] 39
| wickets-team1-inns2 = [[Dodda Ganesh]] 4/74 (21 overs)
| score-team2-inns2 = 157/9 (75 overs)
| runs-team2-inns2 = [[Fazal Khaleel]] 51
| wickets-team2-inns2 = [[Kanwaljit Singh (cricketer)|Kanwaljit Singh]] 7/38 (32 overs)
| result = Karnataka won by 1 wicket
| report = [http://static.espncricinfo.com/db/ARCHIVE/1997-98/IND_LOCAL/RANJI/KNOCK-OUTS/HYD_KNTKA_RJI-SEMI2_09-13APR1998.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Gymkhana Ground, Secunderabad|Gymkhana Ground]], [[Secunderabad]]
| umpires = [[M. R. Singh]] and [[Chandra Sathe]]
| motm =
| toss = Hyderabad won the toss and elected to bat.
| rain =
| notes = [[Prahladrao Srinivasa Murthy]] (Karnataka) made his first-class debut.<ref name="SF2">{{CricketArchive|ref=Archive/Scorecards/65/65573|name=Hyderabad v Karnataka}}</ref>
*''Both [[J. Arunkumar]] and [[Sunil Joshi]] (Karnataka) passed 2,000 runs in first-class cricket.''<ref name="SF2"/>
*''[[Rahul Dravid]] (Karnataka) passed 7,000 runs in first-class cricket and 1,000 runs for the season.''<ref name="SF2"/>
}}

=== Final ===
{{Test match
| date = 19–23 April 1998
| team2 = [[Karnataka cricket team|Karnataka]] (H)
| team1 = [[Uttar Pradesh cricket team|Uttar Pradesh]]
| score-team1-inns1 = 134 (67.1 overs)
| runs-team1-inns1 = [[Jyoti Yadav]] 36
| wickets-team1-inns1 = [[Sunil Joshi]] 4/37 (23.1 overs)
| score-team2-inns1 = 617/9[[Declaration and forfeiture|d]] (211.3 overs)
| runs-team2-inns1 = [[Rahul Dravid]] 215
| wickets-team2-inns1 = [[Obaid Kamal]] 4/99 (45.3 overs)
| score-team1-inns2 = 416/7 (171 overs)
| runs-team1-inns2 = [[Saurabh Shukla]] 91
| wickets-team1-inns2 = [[Sunil Joshi]] 3/112 (61 overs)
| result = Match drawn (Karnataka won on first innings lead)
| venue = [[M. Chinnaswamy Stadium]], [[Bangalore]]
| umpires = [[Aloke Bhattacharjee]] and [[Suresh Deo]]
| motm = [[Rahul Dravid]] (Karnataka)
| report = [http://static.espncricinfo.com/db/ARCHIVE/1997-98/IND_LOCAL/RANJI/KNOCK-OUTS/KNTKA_UP_RJI-FINAL_19-23APR1998.html Scorecard]
| toss = Uttar Pradesh won the toss and elected to bat.
| rain =
| notes = [[Gyanendra Pandey (cricketer)|Gyanendra Pandey]] (Uttar Pradesh) and [[Sujith Somasunder]] (Karnataka) passed and 3,000 and 2,000 runs respectively in first-class cricket.<ref>{{CricketArchive|ref=Archive/Scorecards/65/65608|name=Karnataka v Uttar Pradesh}}</ref>
}}

==Scorecards and averages==
*[https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Events/1/Ranji_Trophy_1997-98.html CricketArchive]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/series/874417.html Ranji Trophy, 1997-98] at [[ESPNcricinfo]]
* [http://static.espncricinfo.com/db/ARCHIVE/1997-98/IND_LOCAL/RANJI/ Tournament home] at ESPNcricinfo archives
* {{CricketArchive|ref=Archive/Events/1/Ranji_Trophy_1997-98|name=Ranji Trophy 1997/98}}

{{Ranji Trophy Seasons}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ranji Trophy, 1997-98}}
[[Category:1997 in Indian cricket]]
[[Category:1998 in Indian cricket]]
[[Category:Domestic cricket competitions in 1997–98]]
[[Category:Ranji Trophy seasons]]
[[Category:Long stubs with short prose]]

{{Indian-domestic-cricket-competition-stub}}

Rohini Satellite 1

2025-06-16T10:05:44Z

ErmelindaDez: done.

{{Short description|First satellite launched entirely by India}}

{{Infobox spaceflight
| name = Rohini 1
| image = Stamp of India - 1981 - Colnect 505879 - Launch of Rohini Satellite.jpeg
| image_caption = Stamp issued depicting the launch of SLV-3 and Rohini satellite
| image_size = 250px

| mission_type = [[Earth observation satellite|Earth observation]]
| operator = [[Indian Space Research Organisation|ISRO]]
| COSPAR_ID = 1980-062A
| SATCAT =
| website = https://www.isro.gov.in/
| mission_duration = 1.2 years (operational), remained in orbit for 20 months

| spacecraft = RS-1
| spacecraft_type =
| spacecraft_bus =
| manufacturer = [[Indian Space Research Organisation]]
| launch_mass = {{cvt|35|kg}}
| dry_mass =
| dimensions = 0.7m long, 0.6m diameter
| power = 16 W

| launch_date = 18 July 1980, 8:04 AM IST (2:34 AM GST)
| launch_rocket = [[Satellite Launch Vehicle]], [[SLV-3]]
| launch_site = [[Satish Dhawan Space Centre]]
| launch_contractor = [[Indian Space Research Organisation]]

| entered_service = July 1980
| disposal_type = atmospheric re-entry
| deactivated = 20 May 1981
| last_contact =

| orbit_reference = [[Geocentric orbit]]
| orbit_regime = [[Low Earth orbit]]
| orbit_periapsis = {{cvt|305|km}}
| orbit_apoapsis = {{cvt|919|km}}
| orbit_inclination = 44.7°
| orbit_period = 96.90 minutes
| apsis = gee

| instruments = Digital sun sensor, Magnetometer and temperature sensors

| programme = [[Rohini (satellite)|Rohini]]
| previous_mission = [[Rohini Technology Payload|RTP]]
| next_mission = [[RS-D1]]
}}

'''Rohini Satellite 1''' or '''RS-1''' is the first satellite successfully launched by India using indigenously developed rockets. After the launch on 18 July 1980 by a [[Satellite Launch Vehicle|SLV]] rocket, India became the [[Timeline of first orbital launches by country|7th country]] to have rocket launching capability.

The satellite was spin-stabilised and provided data regarding the fourth stage of [[Satellite Launch Vehicle|SLV]] rocket.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://scroll.in/article/892545/blast-from-the-past-an-insiders-account-of-indias-first-successful-experimental-satellite-launch|title=Blast from the past: An insider’s account of India’s first successful experimental satellite launch}}</ref>

==Launch==

Launched 8:04 AM IST from [[Satish Dhawan Space Centre]], it was the first successful orbital launch from the centre. It achieved orbit {{convert|305|x|919|km|mi|abbr=on}} with an inclination of 44.7°, 8 minutes after the launch. It was launched after the failure of the first two [[Satellite Launch Vehicle|SLV]] launches.
The SLV rocket consisted of 25 km wiring, containing a million connections. 44 major systems and 250 subsystems were in the rocket. Individual components numbered about 100,000, and included almost 40,000 fasteners.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.firstpost.com/tech/news-analysis/independence-day-2023-rohini-the-forgotten-mother-of-indias-space-odyssey-12978542.html|title=Independence Day 2023: Rohini, the forgotten mother of India’s space odessey}}</ref> At the time of launch, it weighed 17 tonnes and had a height of 22 meters.

The vehicle's trajectory was monitored by four long and medium range radars. Long-range Interferometer and optical line theodolites also aided in tracking. Four computer systems received trajectory information from the tracking sources and processed the data simultaneously. They displayed the vehicle's path on monitors in the range safety room of the control centre. [[Satish Dhawan Space Centre|Sriharikota]], Car Nicobar, [[Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre|Trivandrum]] and [[Space Applications Centre|Ahmedabad]] centres joined in to provide tracking and telemetry support for the satellite.
Mediapersons were not allowed to the space centre during the launch. Many viewed the launch and the 5 km high white smoke from afar.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/india-achieves-satellite-launch-capability-with-slv-3-rocket-successfully-puts-rohini-satellite-into-orbit-101689964367295.html|title=From HT Archives: India successfully launches Rohini on indigenous rocket}}</ref>

==Design==

The satellite had a weight of 35 kg, and was spin stabilized. It carried instruments such as digital [[Sun sensor]], Magnetometer and temperature sensors atop a structure made out of Aluminium Alloy. It carried solar panels to produce 16W of electricity. It used a [[Very high frequency|VHF band]] for communications.<ref name="Isro-Rs1">{{cite web |url=http://www.isro.gov.in/Spacecraft/rs-1-1 |title=RS-1 |author= |date=25 October 2015 |website=ISRO.gov |publisher=ISRO |access-date=25 October 2015 |archive-date=31 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170731193346/http://www.isro.gov.in/Spacecraft/rs-1-1 |url-status=dead }}</ref> It provided data on the fourth stage of SLV. The satellite had mission life of 1.2 years and an orbital life of 20 months. It was planned to have a lifespan of 100 days.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Satellites of India]]
[[Category:Satellites in low Earth orbit]]

Mudhoji I

2025-06-16T04:19:30Z

ErmelindaDez:

{{Short description|Raja of Nagpur from 1772 to 1788}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2017}}
{{Infobox royalty
| name = Mudhoji I
| title = [[Sardar]] Senadhurandhar Sarkar King of [[Chandrapur]]
| titletext =
| more =
| type =
| image = Raja Mudhoji Bhonsle of Chandrapur.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Mudhoji Raghuji Bhonsle
| succession = 3rd [[Raja]] of [[Nagpur kingdom|Nagpur]]
| moretext =
| reign = 21 May 1772 – 18 May 1788
| reign-type =
| coronation =
| cor-type =
| predecessor = [[Janoji]]
| pre-type =
| regent =
| reg-type =
| successor = [[Raghoji II]]
| suc-type =
| spouse =
| spouse-type =
| consort =
| issue = [[Raghoji II]], Chimnaji, Vyankoji<ref name="state">{{cite book |last1=Wills |first1=C.U. |title=The Nagpur State in the 18th century |url=http://www.new.dli.ernet.in/handle/2015/278288 |archive-url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.278288/mode/2up |archive-date=23 January 2017}}</ref>
| house = [[Bhonsles of Nagpur]]
| issue-link =
| issue-pipe =
| full name =
| era name =
| era dates =
| regnal name =
| posthumous name =
| temple name =
| house-type =
| father = [[Raghoji I]]
| mother = Sulā Bai [[Mohite (clan)|Mohite]]<ref name= "state"/><ref name= "mehta">{{cite book |last1=Mehta |first1=Jaswant Lal |title=Advanced Study in the History of Modern India 1707-1813 |date=1 January 2005 |publisher=Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd |isbn=978-1-932705-54-6 |page=171 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=d1wUgKKzawoC&pg=PA48 |language=en}}</ref>
| birth_date =
| birth_place = [[Nagpur]], [[Kingdom of Nagpur|Nagpur State]], [[Maratha Confederacy]] (modern day [[Maharashtra]], [[India]])
| death_date = 18 May 1788
| death_place = Nagpur, Nagpur State, Maratha Confederacy
| burial_date =
| burial_place =
| occupation =
| signature =
| religion = [[Hinduism]]
}}
'''Mudhoji I''' (Mudhoji Bhonsle; reigned 21 May 1772 – 18 May 1788) was the ruler of the [[Nagpur kingdom]] from 1772 to 1788. During his regency the Maratha kingdom remained peaceful and prospered.<ref name= "nagpur"/>

==Early life==
Mudhoji was a son of [[Raghoji I Bhonsle|Raghoji I]], a powerful Maratha leader and founder of Maratha rule in [[Nagpur Kingdom|Nagpur]], and Sulā Bai [[Mohite (clan)|Mohite]], the younger sister of Burhanji Mohite who was an influential courtier at [[Nagpur]].<ref name= "state"/><ref name= "mehta"/> His elder brother was [[Janoji Bhonsle]], younger brothers were [[Bimbaji Bhonsle]] and Sabaji Bhonsle.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Balfour |first1=Edward |title=Cyclopædia of India and of Eastern and Southern Asia, Commercial, Industrial and Scientific: Products of the Mineral, Vegetable and Animal Kingdoms, Useful Arts and Manufactures |date=1873 |publisher=Scottish and Adelphi Presses |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rGsIAAAAQAAJ&dq=raghoji+bhonsle+children&pg=PA18 |language=en}}</ref>

In 1743, Sagunbai, the youngest queen of [[Shahu I]] (Mudhoji's aunt through his mother's side), proposed that Mudhoji be made the next [[Chhatrapati]] of the [[Maratha Empire]] after [[Shahu I]]'s death. However, the idea was abandoned due to fierce opposition by Sawkarbai, another queen of [[Shahu I|Shahu]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Vaidya |first1=Sushila |title=Role of Women in Maratha Politics, 1620-1752 A.D. |date=2000 |publisher=Sharada Publishing House |isbn=978-81-85616-67-4 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wVNuAAAAMAAJ&q=Mudhoji+Bhonsle |language=en}}</ref><ref name="study"/>

Mudhoji had initially opposed his brother [[Janoji Bhonsle]]'s accession to the throne of [[Nagpur]]. He deserted Janoji when [[Peshwa]] [[Madhavrao I]] attacked [[Nagpur]] in 1768 (on account of Janoji supporting [[Madhavrao I]], went to [[Madhavrao I]]'s camp and unconditionally surrendered.<ref name="study">{{cite book |last1=Mehta |first1=Jaswant Lal |title=Advanced Study in the History of Modern India 1707-1813 |date=1 January 2005 |publisher=Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd |isbn=978-1-932705-54-6 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=d1wUgKKzawoC&dq=Mudhoji+Bhonsle&pg=PA452 |language=en}}</ref>

==Reign==
[[File:Handwriting of Mudhoji Bhonsle.jpg|thumb|Seal and Handwriting of Mudhoji Bhonsle I]]
Mudhoji's elder brother [[Janoji Bhonsle]] had appointed Mudhoji's infant son [[Raghoji II Bhonsle|Raghoji II]] as ruler of [[Nagpur Kingdom]] before his death.

Between 1772 and 1775 a civil war ensued between Sabaji Bhonsle and his brother Mudhoji Bhonsle for the regency of Mudhoji's infant son [[Raghoji II Bhonsle]], culminating in the [[Battle of Pachgaon]]. Mudhoji appeared victor and secured the regency of the [[Nagpur Kingdom]] for himself.<ref name="nagpur">{{cite book |title=Central Provinces District Gazetteers- Nagpur |url=https://gazetteers.maharashtra.gov.in/cultural.maharashtra.gov.in/english/gazetteer/Nagpur%20District/history.html#. |chapter=History- "Sabaji and Mudhoji"}}</ref>

Mudhoji immediately started restoring order in the kingdom, governing wisely. In the year 1777 he cautiously entered into agreements with the English, who were then preparing to support the claims of the upstart [[Raghunath Rao]] as [[Peshwa]].

In 1778, Mudhoji came to [[Pune|Poona]] to reconcile with [[Nana Phadnavis]], a powerful Maratha statesman who was disappointed with Mudhoji for supporting the British cause in the [[First Anglo-Maratha War]].<ref name="duff">{{cite book |last1=Duff |first1=James Grant |title=History Of Marathas, Vol II |page=141-142 |url=https://archive.org/details/historyofmarathasbygrantduffvol2 |language=English}}</ref><ref name="maratha history">{{cite book |author1=R.S. Chaurasia |title=History of the Marathas |date=2004 |publisher=Atlantic Publishers & Distributors |isbn=9788126903948 |pages=3 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=D_v3Y7hns8QC&dq=bhonsles+of+nagpur&pg=PA89 |language=English |format=Hardcover}}</ref> [[Nana Phadnavis]] convinced Mudhoji to join an alliance against [[Tipu Sultan]] on his stay in [[Poona]]. Mudhoji contributed 10,000 troops to the cause of the coalition but left after the successful [[Maratha–Mysore Wars|siege of Badami]] in May 1786, leaving a major portion of his troops with [[Hari Pant]].<ref name="tipu">{{cite book |last1=Hasan |first1=Mohibbul |title=History of Tipu Sultan |date=2005 |publisher=Aakar Books |isbn=978-81-87879-57-2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hkbJ6xA1_jEC&dq=Mudhoji+Bhonsle&pg=PA149 |language=en}}</ref>

In 1785, he nominally added [[Mandla]] and the Upper [[Narmada]] Valley to the [[Nagpur Kingdom]] through a deal with the [[Peshwa]], paying twenty-seven lakh rupees to the [[Peshwa|Poona government]].<ref name="nagpur"/>

==Death==
Mudhoji died of an illness on 18 May 1788.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Sen |first1=Sailendra Nath |title=Anglo-Maratha Relations, 1785-96 |date=1994 |publisher=Popular Prakashan |isbn=9788171547890 |page=257 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Y-kanqrtVhYC&dq=Mudhoji+Bhonsle&pg=PA257 |language=en}}</ref> The [[Nagpur]] [[District Gazetteer]] states that he left behind a peaceful and prosperous kingdom at his death.<ref name="nagpur"/>

After his death, his son, the now mature [[Raghoji II Bhonsle]] assumed control of the government.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Madhoji Bhonsle}}
[[Category:Maratha Chiefs in the Maratha Empire]]
[[Category:Maharajas of Nagpur]]
[[Category:History of Nagpur]]
[[Category:18th-century regents]]

Rajmahal coalfield

2025-06-13T13:15:36Z

ErmelindaDez: done.

{{Short description|Coalfield in Jharkhand, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Infobox Mine
| name = Rajmahal Coalfield
| image =
| width =
| caption =
| pushpin_map =India Jharkhand
| pushpin_label =
| pushpin_map_caption =
| coordinates = {{coord|25|2|35|N|87|20|39|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
| display =
| place =
| subdivision_type =
| state/province = [[Jharkhand]]
| country = [[India]]
| owner = [[Eastern Coalfields Limited]]
| stock_exchange =
| stock_code =
| official website =
| acquisition year =
| products = Power grade coal
| financial year =
| amount =
| opening year =
| closing year =
}}
The '''Rajmahal Coalfield''' is a large coalfield located in [[Jharkhand]] in eastern [[India]].

==Geography==
{{OSM Location map
| width=400| height=460| zoom=9
| coord={{coord|24|51|0|N|87|33|0|E}}| float=left|caption='''Cities, towns and locations in the Sahibganj, Godda and Pakur districts in Santhal Pargana Division''' M: municipality, CT: census town, R: rural/ urban centre, H: historical/ religious/ tourist centre Owing to space constraints in the small map, the actual locations in a larger map may vary slightly
|mark-coord1={{coord|25|5|15|N|87|28|20|E}} | label-pos1=top|label1= Bara Boarijore | numbered1=R| mark-title1=[[Bara Boarijore]] (R)|label-color1=#800000 |label-size1=11| mark-size1=12|shape1=l-circle|shape-color1= #C40000|shape-outline1=white|label-offset-x1=2
|mark-coord2={{coord|24|40|41|N|87|10|19|E}} | label-pos2=right|label2= Poraiyahat| numbered2=R| mark-title2=[[Poraiyahat]] (R)
|mark-coord3={{coord|24|59|41|N|87|12|7|E}} | label-pos3=left|label3= Basantrai| numbered3=R| mark-title3=[[Basantrai, Godda]] (R)
|mark-coord4={{coord|25|9|2|N|87|19|20|E}} | label-pos4=left|label4= Belbadda| numbered4=R| mark-title4=[[Belbadda]] (R)
|mark-coord5={{coord|25|12|52|N|87|23|28|E}} | label-pos5=left|label5= Dhamri| numbered5=R| mark-title5=[[Dhamri]] (R)
|mark-coord6={{coord|25|5|50|N|87|14|0|E}} | label-pos6=left|label6= Hanwara| numbered6=R| mark-title6=[[Hanwara]] (R)
|mark-coord7={{coord|25|3|45|N|87|22|0|E}} | label-pos7=top|label7= Lalmatia| numbered7=R| mark-title7=[[Lalmatia, Godda]] (R)
|mark-coord8={{coord|25|11|40|N|87|22|17|E}} | label-pos8=left|label8= Mehrma| numbered8=R| mark-title8=[[Mehrma]] (R)
|mark-coord9={{coord|24|49|46|N|87|7|50|E}} | label-pos9=left|label9= Motia| numbered9=R| mark-title9=[[Motia]] (R)
|mark-coord10={{coord|25|4|30|N|87|14|20|E}} | label-pos10=right|label10= Parsa| numbered10=R| mark-title10=[[Parsa, Godda]] (R)
|mark-coord11={{coord|24|56|44|N|87|16|37|E}} | label-pos11=left|label11= Pathargama| numbered11=R| mark-title11=[[Pathargama, Godda]] (R)
|mark-coord12={{coord|24|55|10|N|87|20|50|E}} | label-pos12=left|label12= Rajabhita| numbered12=R| mark-title12=[[Rajabhita]] (R)
|mark-coord13={{coord|24|45|18|N|87|21|43|E}} | label-pos13=left|label13= Sunderpahari| numbered13=R| mark-title13=[[Sunderpahari, Godda]] (R)
|mark-coord14={{coord|24|44|48|N|87|49|34|E}} | label-pos14=left|label14= Kotalpokhar| numbered14=R| mark-title14=[[Kotalpokhar]] (R)
|mark-coord15={{coord|25|8|37|N|87|29|55|E}} | label-pos15=top|label15= Mandro|labela15=Damin Bazar| numbered15=R| mark-title15=[[Mandro Damin Bazar]] (R)
|mark-coord16={{coord|25|14|40|N|87|29|48|E}} | label-pos16=left|label16= Mirzachauki| numbered16=R| mark-title16=[[Mirzachauki]] (R)
|mark-coord17={{coord|24|50|0|N|87|45|41|E}} | label-pos17=right|label17= Pathna| numbered17=R| mark-title17=[[Pathna, Sahibganj]] (R)
|mark-coord18={{coord|24|52|46|N|87|52|45|E}} | label-pos18=right|label18= Radhanagar| numbered18=R| mark-title18=[[Radhanagar, Sahibganj]] (R)
|mark-coord19={{coord|24|50|50|N|87|41|16|E}} | label-pos19=bottom|label19= Ranga| numbered19=R| mark-title19=[[Ranga, Sahibganj]] (R)
|mark-coord20={{coord|25|6|13|N|87|43|59|E}} | label-pos20=left|label20= Taljhari| numbered20=R| mark-title20=[[Taljhari, Sahibganj]] (R)
|mark-coord21={{coord|24|57|30|N|87|51|22|E}} | label-pos21=top|label21= Udhwa| numbered21=R| mark-title21=[[Udhwa]] (R)
|mark-coord22={{coord|24|32|0|N|87|34|18|E}} | label-pos22=right|label22= Amrapara| numbered22=R| mark-title22=[[Amrapara]] (R)
|mark-coord23={{coord|24|42|45|N|87|42|17|E}} | label-pos23=right|label23= Hiranpur| numbered23=R| mark-title23=[[Hiranpur]] (R)
|mark-coord24={{coord|24|41|41|N|87|37|1|E}} | label-pos24=left|label24= Litipara| numbered24=R| mark-title24=[[Litipara]] (R)
|mark-coord25={{coord|24|29|40|N|87|45|42|E}} | label-pos25=left|label25= Maheshpur| numbered25=R| mark-title25=[[Maheshpur, Pakur]] (R)
|mark-coord26={{coord|24|20|15|N|87|38|50|E}} | label-pos26= right|label26= Pakuria| numbered26=R| mark-title26= [[Pakuria]] (R)
|mark-coord27={{coord|24|32|14|N|87|30|17|E}} | label-pos27=top|label27= Panchuara| numbered27=R| mark-title27=[[Panchuara]] (R)
|mark-coord28={{coord|24|50|10|N|87|13|12|E}} | label-pos28=top|label28=Godda| numbered28=M| mark-title28= [[Godda]] (M) |label-size28=12 |label-color28=#800000
|mark-coord29={{coord|25|3|0|N|87|50|24|E}} | label-pos29=bottom|label29=Rajmahal| numbered29=M| mark-title29= [[Rajmahal]] (M) |label-size29=12 |label-color29=#800000
|mark-coord30={{coord|25|15|0|N|87|39|0|E}} | label-pos30=bottom|label30=Sahebganj| numbered30=M| mark-title30= [[Sahebganj]] (M) |label-size30=12 |label-color30=#800000
|mark-coord31={{coord|24|37|30|N|87|51|0|E}} | label-pos31=bottom|label31=Pakur| numbered31=M| mark-title31= [[Pakur]] (M) |label-size31=12 |label-color31=#800000
|mark-coord32={{coord|24|52|26|N|87|35|33|E}} | label-pos32=bottom|label32= Bhognadih| numbered32=H| mark-title32=[[Bhognadih]] (H) | shape-color32=#AA6666
|mark-coord33={{coord|25|15|39|N|87|32|18|E}} | label-pos33=top|label33= Teliagarhi| numbered33=H| mark-title33=[[Teliagarhi]] (H) | shape-color33=#AA6666
|mark-coord34={{coord|25|11|25|N|87|43|34|E}} | label-pos34=right|label34= Moti Jharna| numbered34=H| mark-title34=[[Moti Jharna]] (H) | shape-color34=#AA6666
|mark-coord35={{coord|25|14|50|N|87|42|55|E}} | label-pos35=right|label35= Sakrigali| numbered35=H| mark-title35=[[Sakrigali]] (H) | shape-color35=#AA6666
|mark-coord36={{coord|25|3|10|N|87|20|20|E}} | label-pos36=left|label36=Rajmahal coalfield |numbered36=0 | mark-title36=Rajmahal coalfield (A) |shape-color36=black| label-size36=13|label-color36=black 
|mark-coord37={{coord|25|1|10|N|87|18|50|E}}| label-pos37=bottom|label37=Mahagama| numbered37=CT| mark-title37= [[Mahagama]] (CT) |shape-color3= #A40000
|mark-coord38={{coord|24|48|21|N|87|19|27|E}}| label-pos38=left|label38=Sarauni| numbered38=CT| mark-title38= [[Sarauni]] (CT) |shape-color38= #A40000
|mark-coord39={{coord|24|51|10|N|87|46|37|E}}| label-pos39=top|label39=Barharwa| numbered39=CT| mark-title39= [[Barharwa]] (CT) |shape-color39= #A40000
|mark-coord40={{coord|24|54|30|N|87|37|20|E}}| label-pos40=right|label40=Berhait Bazar| numbered40=CT| mark-title40= [[Berhait Bazar]] (CT) |shape-color40= #A40000
|mark-coord41={{coord|24|54|50|N|87|35|40|E}}| label-pos41=top|label41=Berhait Santali| numbered41=CT| mark-title41= [[Berhait Santali]] (CT) |shape-color41= #A40000
|mark-coord42={{coord|25|2|5|N|87|35|55|E}}| label-pos42=top|label42=Borio| numbered42=CT| mark-title42= [[Borio, Sahibganj]] (CT) |shape-color42= #A40000
|mark-coord43={{coord|24|57|20|N|87|49|20|E}}| label-pos43=left|label43=Patra| numbered43=CT| mark-title43= [[Patra, Sahibganj]] (CT) |shape-color43= #A40000
|mark-coord44={{coord|25|0|0|N|87|44|26|E}}| label-pos44=left|label44=Tin Pahar| numbered44=CT| mark-title44= [[Tin Pahar]] (CT) |shape-color44= #A40000
|mark-coord45={{coord|24|55|45|N|87|50|32|E}}| label-pos45=left|label45=Kumarpur| numbered45=CT| mark-title45= [[Kumarpur]] (CT) |shape-color45= #A40000
|mark-coord46={{coord|24|38|40|N|87|53|15|E}}| label-pos46=left|label46=Raghunandanpur| numbered46=CT| mark-title46= [[Raghunandanpur]] (CT) |shape-color46= #A40000
|mark-coord47={{coord|24|40|13|N|87|51|5|E}}| label-pos47=left|label47=Sagarmpur| numbered47=CT| mark-title47= [[Sagarmpur]] (CT) |shape-color47= #A40000
|mark-coord48={{coord|25|15|30|N|87|43|0|E}} |label48= Ganges| label-color48 = #77A1CB| label-angle48=0| label-pos48=top| label-size48=10| mark-size48=0| mark-title48 =none
|mark-coord49={{coord|24|38|38|N|87|18|29|E}} | label-pos49=left|label49= Dewdanr| numbered49=R| mark-title49=[[Dewdanr]] (R)
|arc-coordA={{coord|24|20|0|N|87|25|0|E}}|arc-textA= RAJMAHAL HILLS| arc-text-colorA=hard grey| arc-angleA=-101| arc-gapA=2.7| arc-radiusA=1.15
|arc-coordB={{coord|25|18|0|N|87|15|0|E}}|arc-textB= BIHAR| arc-text-colorB=hard grey| arc-angleB=-40| arc-gapB=7.5| arc-radiusB=0.35
|arc-coordC={{coord|25|20|50|N|87|53|40|E}}|arc-textC= WEST BENGAL| arc-text-colorC=hard grey| arc-angleC=40| arc-gapC=5.0| arc-radiusC=0.4}}

===Location===
Rajmahal coalfield is centred around {{coord|25|2|35|N|87|20|39|E|format=dms|display=inline}}.

==Area of Operations==
Five relatively small coal basins – Hura, Chuperbhita, Pachwara, Mahuagarhi and Brahmani - compose the Rajmahal Coalfields. They form a sort of a broken chain along the western flank of the [[Rajmahal Hills]] in the north to West Bengal's [[Birbhum]] district in the south. The main advantage of this coalfield is that much of its reserves are untouched.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://hub.globalccsinstitute.com/publications/regional-assessment-potential-co2-storage-indian-subcontinent/appendix-2-description |title = Appendix 2 Description of the major coalfields of India | work= The Rajmahal Group of Collieries - Abstracted from the Coal Atlas of India published in 1993 |publisher= Global CCS Institute | accessdate = 24 January 2016}}</ref> Another description shows the Rajmahal area as being composed of the following: Hura, Gilhuria and Jilbari, Chuparbhita, Pachwara and Brahmani.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.coalgeology.com/distribution-of-coal-in-india/39 |title = Distribution of Coal in India| work= Posted on March 2, 2008 by Editor in Coal Industry News |publisher= Coal Geology and Mining Consulting Services| accessdate = 24 January 2016}}</ref>

==Reserves==
According to Geological Survey of India, reserves of coal as on 1.1.2004 in Rajmahal Coalfield were 13.13 billion tonnes. It was the third highest reserve in Jharkhand, after Jharia Coalfield (19.4 billion tonnes) and North Karanpura Coalfield (14.6 billion tonnes). While Raniganj Coalfield is the major producer of superior quality non-coking coal, Rajmahal is one of the coalfields that has power-grade coal at shallow depth (up to 300 m).<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.portal.gsi.gov.in/gsiDoc/pub/IndiaCoalResources2004.pdf | title = Coal Resources of India | work = As on 1.1.2004 | publisher = Coal Wing, Geological Survey of India, Kolkata | accessdate = 24 January 2016 | url-status = dead | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20120327022156/http://www.portal.gsi.gov.in/gsiDoc/pub/IndiaCoalResources2004.pdf | archivedate = 27 March 2012 }}</ref>

==Rajmahal open cast and other projects==
A major coal mining project of [[Eastern Coalfields Limited]] (Rajmahal open-cast project, a part of Rajmahal coalfield) is going on in [[Boarijore]], [[Mahagama (community development block)|Mahagama]] and [[Sunderpahari]] CD Blocks of [[Godda district]] in [[Jharkhand]].<ref>{{cite web| url = http://godda.nic.in/profile.html| title = Godda District Official website| work = Profile| publisher = Godda district administration| accessdate = 12 February 2016| url-status = dead| archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20160304085923/http://godda.nic.in/profile.html| archivedate = 4 March 2016}}</ref> Rajmahal open-cast project (earlier known as [[Lalmatia Colliery]]) supplies coal to the 2,100 MW [[Farakka Super Thermal Power Station]] and the 2,340 MW [[Kahalgaon Super Thermal Power Station]].<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Rajmahal_coal_mines | title= Raj Mahal Coal Mines| work= | publisher= Source Watch | accessdate = 12 February 2016}}</ref>

As of 2020, major activity is going on near [[Mahagama]] town and [[Lalmatia, Godda|Lalmatia]] village. Please see the satellite view of the Google map.

The Rajmahal Opencast project came up in the early 1980s with an annual cpapcity of 5 million tonnes. The capacity was raised to 10.5 million tonnes with Canadian collaboration in 1994. The capacity is being expanded to 17 million tonnes.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://godda.nic.in/economy/ | title = Godda - About District | work = Economy | publisher = Government of Jharkhand | accessdate = 19 November 2020}}</ref>

EMIL the mining arm of the [[Aditya Birla Group]] has been involved in the functioning of Rajmahal Opencast Mines of [[Eastern Coalfields]]. Mining operations started in July 2013. It is expected to produce 200 million tonnes of coal over 12.5 years.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.esselmining.com/division/coal-mining/overview.html | title = Coal mining | publisher = Aditya Birla EMIL | accessdate = 19 November 2020}}</ref> With the involvement of the Essel Mining and Industries Limited (EMIL) in the Rajmahal Opencast project, supplies to the 2,340 MW [[Kahalgaon Super Thermal Power Station]] and the 2,100 MW [[Farakka Super Thermal Power Station]] of [[National Thermal Power Corporation|NTPC]] were expected to improve.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.telegraphindia.com/jharkhand/essel-steps-into-rajmahal/cid/431301 | title = Essel steps into Rajmahal | publisher = The Telegraph, 26 April 2012 | accessdate = 17 November 2020}}</ref>

Simlong and Chatkam collieries and other nearby collieries of Rajmahal coalfield are operated by [[Eastern Coalfields Limited]] in [[Littipara block|Littipara]] CD block.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.pakur.nic.in/Mining_leases/Colmines%20lease%20list%20.pdf| title = List of Mining Leases Area-wise| work = Littipara Circle| publisher = Pakur District Administration| accessdate = 17 January 2016| url-status = dead| archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20131015170616/http://www.pakur.nic.in/Mining_leases/Colmines%20lease%20list%20.pdf| archivedate = 15 October 2013}}</ref>

Panem Coal operates the Pachhwara Central project with reserves of 562 million tonnes of coal at [[Panchuara]].<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.gem.wiki/Pachhwara_(Central)_coal_mine | title = Pachhwara (Central) coal mine | publisher = Global Energy Monitor | accessdate = 25 November 2020}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Coalfields}}

[[Category:Coalfields of India]]
[[Category:Mining in Jharkhand]]

List of chief ministers of Puducherry

2025-05-26T17:46:39Z

ErmelindaDez: slightly adjusted section per sources and added references

#REDIRECT [[Chief Minister of Puducherry]]
{{Rcat shell|
{{R from move}}
}}

Thiriya Nizamat Khan

2025-05-18T13:53:36Z

ErmelindaDez: added new pg

{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2018}}
__NOTOC__
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Thiriya Nizawat Khan
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name = Thiriya Nizawat Khan
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Town
| image_skyline = Nakatiya river.jpg
| image_alt =
| image_caption = Nakatiya river between Thiriya and [[Bareilly Cantt]]
| pushpin_map = India Uttar Pradesh
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Uttar Pradesh, India
| coordinates = {{coord|28.315073|N|79.45771|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Bareilly district|Bareilly]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 230
| population_total = 23184
| population_as_of = 2001
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = Hindi
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code = 243123
| registration_plate =
| website =
| footnotes =
}}
'''Thiriya Nizawat Khan''' is a town and a [[nagar panchayat]] in [[Bareilly district]] in the Indian [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Uttar Pradesh]].

{{As of|2011}} India census,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/pca/SearchDetails.aspx?Id=142942|title= Census of India 2011: Thiriya Nizamat Khan}}</ref> Thiriya Nizamat Khan had a population of 23,184. Nowadays Thirya population approx 70000. Males constitute 51.65% of the population and females 48.34%. Thiriya Nizamat Khan has an average literacy rate of 43.68%, lower than the national average of 74.04%: male literacy is 49.38%, and female literacy is 37.58%. In Thiriya Nizamat Khan, 12.64% of the population is under 6 years of age.

The population of Thiriya Nizamat Khan is mainly Muslims that hailed from Rajput Muslim community. The people of Thiriya Nizamat Khan belong to Bhatner district, now [[Hanumangarh]] district of [[Rajasthan]]. Their close relatives are in [[Kakrala]] [[Badaun]].

Current Chairperson is Imran Ali Khan.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Bareilly district}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Bareilly district]]

Minorities

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ErmelindaDez: Redirect article

#REDIRECT [[Minority group]]

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[[Category:Political terminology in India]]