Bharatpedia - User contributions [en]

Maal

2023-10-06T02:11:27Z

Enthusiast101: Created page with '{{Short description|2023 Tamil film}} {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2023}} {{Infobox film | name = Maal | image = | caption = Theatrical release poster | director = Dinesh Kumaran | writer = | producer = Shivaraj R<br>Karthik MB | starring = {{plainlist| *Asraf *VJ Pappu *Jey }} | cinematography = Shivaraj R | editing = | music = Pathmayan Sivanatham | studio = Kovai Film Mates...'

{{Short description|2023 Tamil film}}
{{No plot|date=October 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2023}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Maal
| image =
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = Dinesh Kumaran
| writer =
| producer = Shivaraj R<br>Karthik MB
| starring = {{plainlist|
*Asraf
*VJ Pappu
*Jey
}}
| cinematography = Shivaraj R
| editing =
| music = Pathmayan Sivanatham
| studio = Kovai Film Mates
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|df=y|2023|09|22}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Tamil
}}
'''''Maal''''' is a 2023 Indian Tamil-language film directed by Dinesh Kumaran and starring Asraf, VJ Pappu and [[Gowri Nandha]] in the lead roles. It was released on 22 September 2023.

== Cast ==
*Asraf as Kathir
*VJ Pappu as Gowtham
*Jey as Jey
*Saikarthi as Karna
*[[Gowri Nandha]] as Yazhini
*Dinesh Kumaran as Philips
*Gajaraj as Gajaraj

==Production==
Maal featured predominantly newcomers barring Gajaraj and Saikarthi, who had previously worked on ''[[Hara Hara Mahadevaki]]'' (2017) and ''[[Jagame Thanthiram]]'' (2021). Actress [[Gowri Nandha]], known for her role in ''[[Ayyappanum Koshiyum]]'' (2020), shot for the film in March 2021.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/gowri-nandha-it-was-exciting-to-give-my-voice-for-a-character-in-tamil/articleshow/81614424.cms?frmapp=yes&from=mdr|title=Gowri Nandha: It was exciting to give my voice for a character in Tamil|date=21 March 2021|via=The Economic Times - The Times of India}}</ref> The film was shot in Coimbatore and Tanjore.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ottplay.com/interview/exclusive-maal-has-four-entwined-storylines-that-connect-to-a-chola-era-idol-says-saikarthi/90c5cce7fb734|title=EXCLUSIVE! Maal has four entwined storylines that connect to a Chola-era idol, says Saikarthi|website=OTTPlay}}</ref>

In September 2023 the OTT platform [[aha (streaming service)|aha]] announced that the Tamil film ''Maal'' would premiere on the streaming platform on September 22.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2023/sep/21/maal-to-premiere-on-aha-47836.html|title=Maal to premiere on Aha|website=The New Indian Express}}</ref>

== Reception ==
The film was released on 22 September 2023 on the [[aha (streaming service)|aha]] streaming platform. A critic from ''[[OTTPlay]]'' wrote "debutant director Dinesh Kumaran's ''Maal'' is an idea that's good on paper, but completely falters in its execution", adding that the film is "let down by a weak screenplay, average performances and amateurish filmmaking".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ottplay.com/review/maal-review-this-hyperlink-drama-by-a-bunch-of-newcomers-fails-to-deliver-the-thrills/1231a06593174|title=Maal Review: This hyperlink drama doesn't deliver the thrills|website=OTTPlay}}</ref> A reviewer from ''[[Dina Thanthi]]'' noted that the film was "low on logic" but had some "high moments".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dailythanthi.com/Cinema/Review/mall-cinema-review-1065186|title=மால்: சினிமா விமர்சனம்|date=3 October 2023|website=www.dailythanthi.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cinemainbox.com/new-movie-reviews/maal-movie-review-820.html|title=’மால்’ திரைப்பட விமர்சனம்|first=’மால்’ திரைப்பட|last=விமர்சனம்|website=www.cinemainbox.com}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{imdb title|29254618}}

[[Category: 2023 films]]
[[Category: 2020s Tamil-language films]]

Karthika Jagadeeshwaran

2023-10-04T13:31:19Z

Enthusiast101: Set {{DEFAULTSORT}} to Jagadeeshwaran, Karthika

{{Infobox sportsperson
| name = Karthika Jagadeeshwaran
| image =
| image_size =
| caption =
| birth_name =
| fullname =
| nationality = Indian
| residence =
| birth_date =
| birth_place =
| death_date =
| death_place =
| height =
| weight =
| country =
| sport = [[Roller sports]]
| event =
| pb =
| club =
| coach =
| alma_mater =
| retired =
| olympics =
| highestranking =
| show-medals = yes
| medaltemplates = {{MedalCountry|{{IND}}}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[Roller sports at the Asian Games|Asian Games]]}}
{{MedalBronze|[[2022 Asian Games|2022 Hangzhou]]|[[Roller speed skating at the 2022 Asian Games – Women's 3000 metres relay|Women's Speed skating 3,000 m relay]]}}
}}

'''Karthika Jagadeeshwaran''' is an [[India]]n [[Inline speed skating|speed skating]] track athlete.<ref>{{cite news|title=Asian Games 2023 Day 9 All Sports Events Live Updates From Hangzhou China|newspaper=[[Times of India]]|date=2 October 2023|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/asian-games-2023/live-updates-of-asian-games-2023-day-9-archery-athletics-equestrian-badminton-hockey-cricket/liveblog/104095060.cms|access-date=2 October 2023}}</ref> She won a bronze medal in the [[Roller sports at the 2022 Asian Games|women's 3000m relay]] event at the [[2022 Asian Games]].<ref>{{cite report|url=https://info.hangzhou2022.cn/resAG2022-/pdf/AG2022-/ROL/AG2022-_ROL_C92B_ROLWRELAY-------------------------.pdf|title=Asian Games Results|publisher=Asian Games, Hangzhou 2022|date=2 October 2023|access-date=2 October 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Nag|first=Utathya|title=Asian Games 2023 roller skating: India win bronze medals in speed skating relays|website=Olympics.com|date=2 October 2023|url=https://olympics.com/en/news/asian-games-2023-hangzhou-roller-skating-india-results-medal-october-2|access-date=2 October 2023}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Jagadeeshwaran, Karthika}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian female speed skaters]]
[[Category:Asian Games medalists in roller sports]]
[[Category:Roller skaters at the 2022 Asian Games]]
[[Category:Asian Games bronze medalists for India]]
[[Category:Medalists at the 2022 Asian Games]]

{{India-sport-bio-stub}}
{{speedskating-bio-stub}}

Karthika Jagadeeshwaran

2023-10-04T13:31:19Z

Enthusiast101: Set {{DEFAULTSORT}} to Jagadeeshwaran, Karthika

Palpimanus maldhok

2023-09-13T08:04:24Z

Enthusiast101: Added a new contribution to the website.

{{Short description|Species of spider}}
{{Speciesbox
| image =
| taxon = Palpimanus maldhok
| authority = Kuni, Thripathi & Sankaran, 2023
}}

'''''Palpimanus maldhok''''' is a spider species of the family [[Palpimanidae]] that is endemic to [[India]]. It was first discovered in 2023 by Tripathi et al.<ref>Tripathi, R., Sankaran, P. M., Kuni, N., & Sudhikumar, A. V. (2023). New species of Palpimanus Dufour, 1820 from India (Araneae: Palpimanidae, Palpimaninae), with a catalogue of the Indian palpimanid fauna. European Journal of Taxonomy, 891(1), 26-50. https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.891.2265</ref> The specific epithet 'maldhok' is the vernacular name of the [[great Indian bustard]] (''Ardeotis nigriceps'') in [[Maharashtra]], an Indian State. It is reported from [[Solapur]], Maharashtra only and also found under rocks and moves slowly.<ref>{{Cite web |last=PFLUGHOEFT |first=ASPEN |title=‘Shy’ eight-eyed creature found hiding under cow poop. It’s a hairy new species |url=https://www.miamiherald.com/news/nation-world/world/article279108869.html |access-date=10 September 2023 |website=Miami Herald}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q122452325}}

[[Category:Palpimanidae]]
[[Category:Spiders described in 2023]]

{{Araneomorphae-stub}}

Bhagat Ramanand

2022-06-30T08:22:30Z

Enthusiast101: Created an original article format.

#REDIRECT [[Ramananda]]

Administrative division

2022-05-03T07:00:00Z

Enthusiast101: Published a captivating publication.

{{short description|Territorial entity for administration purposes}}
{{for|administrative division in the sense of a company department|Division (business)}}
{{redirects here|Political division|division into political factions|Political polarization}}
{{refimprove}}
{{Basic forms of government}}
{{politics}}
'''Administrative division''',<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Administrative divisions - The World Factbook|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/field/administrative-divisions|access-date=2021-03-26|website=www.cia.gov|archive-date=2021-03-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210325023220/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/field/administrative-divisions|url-status=live}}</ref> '''administrative unit''',<ref>{{Cite web|title=General maps {{!}} Geospatial, location information for a better world|url=https://www.un.org/geospatial/mapsgeo/generalmaps|access-date=2021-03-26|website=www.un.org|archive-date=2021-04-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210410203627/https://www.un.org/geospatial/mapsgeo/generalmaps|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":1">Article 3(1). {{Cite web|title=EUR-Lex - 02003R1059-20191113 - EN - EUR-Lex|url=https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2003/1059|access-date=2021-03-25|website=eur-lex.europa.eu|language=en|archive-date=2021-05-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210521123340/https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2003/1059|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":2" /> '''administrative region''',<ref>{{Cite web|title=OECD Glossary of Statistical Terms - Administrative regions Definition|url=https://stats.oecd.org/glossary/detail.asp?ID=6226|access-date=2021-08-27|website=stats.oecd.org|archive-date=2021-08-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210827100049/https://stats.oecd.org/glossary/detail.asp?ID=6226|url-status=live}}</ref> '''subnational entity''', '''constituent state''', as well as many similar terms, are generic names for geographical areas into which a particular, independent [[sovereign state]] (country) is divided. Such a unit usually has an administrative authority with the power to take administrative or policy decisions for its area.<ref name=":1" />

Usually, countries have several levels of administrative division. The common names for the principal (largest) administrative divisions are: [[Federated state|states]] (i.e. "subnational states", rather than sovereign states), [[province]]s, [[States of Germany|lands]], [[oblast]]s, [[governorate]]s, [[Canton (administrative division)|canton]]s, [[Prefecture|prefectures]], [[counties]], [[Region#Administrative_regions|regions]], [[Department (administrative division)|departments]], and [[Emirate|emirates]]. These, in turn, are often subdivided into smaller administrative units known by names such as [[Circuit (administrative division)|circuits]], [[county|counties]], [[comarca|''comarcas'']], [[raion]]s, ''[[Județ|județe]]'', or [[District|districts]], which are further subdivided into [[municipality|municipalities]], [[Commune (administrative division)|commune]]s or communities constituting the smallest units of subdivision (the [[Local government|local governments]]).

The exact number of the levels of administrative divisions and their structure largely varies by country (and sometimes within a single country). Usually, the smaller the country is (by area or population), the fewer levels of administrative divisions it has. For example, [[Vatican City|the Vatican]] does not have any administrative subdivisions and [[Monaco]] has only one level, while such countries as [[France]] and [[Pakistan]] have five levels each. The [[United States]] is composed of states, possessions, [[Territory|territories]], and a [[federal district]], each with varying numbers of subdivisions.

The '''principal''' administrative division of a country is sometimes called the "''first-level'' (or ''first-order'') administrative division" or "first administrative level". Its next subdivision might be called "second-level administrative division" or "second administrative level" and so on.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2">{{cite web|title=Global Administrative Unit Layers (GAUL)|publisher=FAO|url=http://www.fao.org/geonetwork/srv/en/metadata.show?id=12691&currTab=simple|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924150111/http://www.fao.org/geonetwork/srv/en/metadata.show?id=12691&currTab=simple|archive-date=24 September 2015|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Second Administrative Level Boundaries {{!}} Geospatial Information Section & Statistics Division {{!}} United Nations|url=https://www.unsalb.org/|access-date=2021-03-26|archive-date=2021-04-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210404034644/https://www.unsalb.org/|url-status=live}}</ref> An alternative terminology is provided by [[Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics]] which terms the principal division as the second level or NUTS-2.

Administrative divisions are conceptually separate from [[dependent territory|dependent territories]], with the former being an integral part of the state and the other being only under some lesser form of control. However, the term "administrative division" can include dependent territories as well as accepted administrative divisions (for example, in [[geographical database]]s).{{Citation needed}}

Communities united in a [[federation]] under a federal government are more specifically known as federated states. A federated state may be referred to not only as a ''state'', but also as a ''province'', a ''region'', a ''[[canton (country subdivision)|canton]]'', a ''land'', a governorate, an ''oblast'', an emirate or a ''country''.<ref>[http://www.forumfed.org/en/products/magazine/vol8_num2/overview-dependency.php Constituent Units Risk Lengthy Dependency on Federal Aid] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101218004657/http://www.forumfed.org/en/products/magazine/vol8_num2/overview-dependency.php }}. Bird, Richard M (2009). [[Forum of Federations]]. Accessed 2009-11-01.</ref><ref>''The Australian National Dictionary: Fourth Edition'', pg 1395. (2004) Canberra. {{ISBN|978-0-19-551771-2}}.</ref><ref>[https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/89503/California California] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150504181415/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/89503/California }}. [[Encyclopædia Britannica]]. Accessed 2009-11-01.</ref>

Administrative units that are not federated or confederated but enjoy a greater degree of [[autonomy]] or self-government than other territories within the same country can be considered constituent states of that country. This relationship is by some authors called a [[federacy]].<ref>{{Citation |last=Stepan |first=Alfred |author-link=Alfred Stepan |title=Federalism and Democracy: Beyond the U.S. Model |url=https://netfiles.uiuc.edu/fesnic/fspub/6_7_Stepan_1999_Federalism_J_of_Dem.pdf |journal=Journal of Democracy |volume=10 |issue=4 |pages=19–34 |year=1999 |doi=10.1353/jod.1999.0072 |s2cid=201765897 }}{{dead link|bot=NormandDew91793 |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> An example is the autonomous republic of [[Karakalpakstan]] within [[Uzbekistan]].<ref>[http://www.unhchr.ch/tbs/doc.nsf/898586b1dc7b4043c1256a450044f331/8be9009ac37f2d75c1256f17004b6e68/$FILE/G0443118.doc International Covenant On Civil And Political Rights] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171010055933/http://www.unhchr.ch/tbs/doc.nsf/898586b1dc7b4043c1256a450044f331/8be9009ac37f2d75c1256f17004b6e68/$FILE/G0443118.doc }}, p 5. [[United Nations]] [[Human Rights Committee]]. Accessed 2009-11-01.</ref>

== Examples of administrative divisions ==
=== English terms ===
[[File:Blank Map World Secondary Political Divisions.svg|thumb|upright=1.8|World political divisions]]
In many of the following terms originating from British cultural influence, areas of relatively low mean population density might bear a title of an entity one would expect to be either larger or smaller. There is no fixed rule, for "[[all politics is local]]" as is perhaps well demonstrated by their relative lack of systemic order. In the realm of self-government, any of these can and does occur along a stretch of road—which for the most part is passing through rural, unsettled countryside. Since the terms are administrative political divisions of the local regional government, their exact relationship and definitions are subject to [[home rule]] considerations, tradition, as well as [[sovereign state|state]] [[statute law]] and local governmental (administrative) definition and control. In British cultural legacy, some territorial entities began with fairly expansive counties which encompass an appreciably large area, but were divided over time into a number of smaller entities.
Within those entities are the large and small cities or towns, which may or may not be the [[county seat]]. Some of the world's larger cities culturally, if not officially, span several counties, and those crossing state or provincial boundaries have much in common culturally as well, but are rarely incorporated within the same municipal government. Many sister cities share a water boundary, which quite often serves as a border of both cities and counties. For example, [[Cambridge, Massachusetts|Cambridge]] and [[Boston]], [[Massachusetts]] appear to the casual traveler as one large city, while locally they each are quite culturally different and occupy different counties.

==== List ====
{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
*[[Region|Area]]
*[[Autonomous community]]
*[[Banners of Inner Mongolia|Banner]]
*[[Barangay]]
*[[Barony (county division)|Barony]]
*[[Capital city]]
*[[Canton (administrative division)|Canton]]
*[[County]]
*[[Community (Wales)|Community]]
*[[Constituency]]
*[[Crown Dependencies|Crown Dependency]]
*[[Department (administrative division)|Department]]
*[[District]]
*[[Division (political geography)|Division]]
*[[Duchy]]
*[[Governorate]]
* Legal entity
*[[Hundred (county division)|Hundred]]
*[[Federal subjects]]
*[[Federal monarchy|Kingdom]]
*[[Local council (disambiguation)|Local council]]
*[[Municipality]]
**[[Regional municipality|Regional]]
**[[Regional county municipality|Regional county]]
**[[Rural municipality|Rural]]
*[[Oblast]]
*[[Parish (administrative division)|Parish]]
*[[Prefecture]]
*[[Principality]]
*[[Province]]
*[[Public body (Netherlands)|Public body]]
*[[Region (administrative)|Region]]
*[[Autonomous republic|Republic]]
*[[Riding (division)|Riding]]
*[[Federated state|State]]
*[[Special administrative region (disambiguation)|Special administrative region]]
*[[Territory]]
*[[Theme (Byzantine district)|Theme]]
*[[Voivodeship]]
{{div col end}}

==== Urban or rural regions ====
General terms for these [[incorporated town|incorporated]] places include "[[municipality]]," "[[human settlement|settlement]]," "locality," and "populated place."
*[[Borough]], [[burgh]] or "boro"
*[[City]]
*[[Hamlet (place)|Hamlet]]
*[[Shire]]
*[[Town]]
*[[Township]]
*[[Village]]

==== Indigenous ====
*[[Tribe]]
*[[Indian reservation]]
*[[Indian reserve]]
*[[Band society|Band]]
*[[Ranchería]]

=== Non-English terms ===
{{main list|List of terms for administrative divisions}}
Due to variations in their use worldwide, consistency in the translation of terms from non-English to English is sometimes difficult to maintain.

For example, "country subdivision codes"<ref>{{Cite web|title=ISO 3166-2:2020|url=https://www.iso.org/cms/render/live/en/sites/isoorg/contents/data/standard/07/24/72483.html|url-status=live|access-date=2021-03-26|website=ISO|language=en}}</ref> is a neologism shortening "Codes for the representation of names of countries and their subdivisions". This is not about any "country subdivision", rather these are codes per subdivision per country. The original document is in French. For example, such translation results in: "Schweiz (die) is local short country name in German language for the Switzerland."

== See also ==
*[[GADM]], a high-resolution database of country administrative areas.
*[[ISO 3166-2]], specifically ''Codes for the representation of names of countries and their subdivisions — Part 2''.
*[[List of administrative division name changes]]
*[[List of etymologies of country subdivision names]]
*[[List of administrative divisions by country]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
*[http://www.unsalb.org SALB] Second Administrative Level Boundaries (SALB) programme of the United Nations.
*[http://www.statoids.com Statoids], an international convention with standardized two-letter-based multi-level summaries of administrative divisions worldwide (e.g. [http://www.statoids.com/ygh.html GH.AH.AS] represents [[Adansi South District|Adansi South]] (AE) in the [[Greater Accra Region|Accra Home]] (AH) [[Regions of Ghana|region of]] Ghana (GH)).

{{Types of administrative division}}
{{Lists of administrative divisions}}

[[Category:Administrative divisions| ]]
[[Category:Types of administrative division| ]]
[[Category:Types of geographical division]]

Member of the Legislative assembly (India)

2022-01-12T09:23:44Z

Enthusiast101: Wrote an inspiring article.

#REDIRECT [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)]]