Bharatpedia - User contributions [en]

Daljit Singh (politician, born 1882)

2023-10-04T19:23:59Z

EmanuelH79: Added important figure of history

{{short description|Sikh politician}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Raja Sir Daljit Singh
| image = 
| caption = 
| office = Member of the [[Imperial Legislative Council]]
| term_start = 1913
| term_end = 1915
| office2 = Member of the Council of State
| term_start2 = 1915
| term_end2 = 1917
| office3 = Member of the Third Council of the [[List of governors of Punjab (British India)|Lieutenant Governor of the Punjab]]
| term_start3 = 1913
| term_end3 = 1916
| office4 = [[List of chief ministers of Jammu and Kashmir#Prime ministers of country of Jammu and Kashmir (1917–1947)|Prime Minister of Jammu and Kashmir]]
| term_start4 = 1917
| term_end4 = 1921
| monarch4= [[Hari Singh]]
| birth_date = 1882
| birth_place = Kapurthala
| death_date = 1946
| nationality = Indian
| alma_mater = Aitchison College, Lahore
| occupation = Scholar, Musician, Statesman
| spouse = 
| children = 
| residence = Strawberry Hill, Chotta Shimla
| known_for = Scholarly works on Sikhism, Musician, Theosophist, Prime Minister of Jammu and Kashmir
| signature = 
}}

'''Raja Sir Daljit Singh''' (1882–1946) was a politician born in [[Kapurthala]]. He is considered as the first prime minister of Jammu and Kashmir (1917–1921)<ref name="Tribune-2018">{{cite web | author=The Tribune India | title=Raja Sir Daljit Singh, unusual 'adopted' son of Shimla | website=[[The Tribune (India)]]| date=9 June 2018 | url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/himachaltribune/raja-sir-daljit-singh-unusual-adopted-son-of-shimla-602203 | access-date=3 October 2023}}</ref>{{Failed verification|date=October 2023|reason=Source says only "for a short period"}} before [[Indian independence movement|Indian independence]], while some consider [[Albion Rajkumar Banerjee]] as first prime minister.<ref name="Excelsior-2014">{{cite web | title=Prime Ministers of J&K | website=[[Daily Excelsior]] | date=1 November 2014 | url=https://www.dailyexcelsior.com/prime-ministers-jk/ | access-date=3 October 2023}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Singh was born in 1882 as the grandson of [[Nau Nihal Singh|Maharaja Nihal Singh]], who ruled the Sikh Kingdom of Kapurthala from 1836 to 1852.<ref name="sm1921"/> He received his education at [[Aitchison College]] in Lahore, where he had aristocratic classmates, including King Thibaw of Burma.<ref name="Tribune-2018"/>

=== Scholarly contributions ===
Singh displayed a deep intellectual inclination, studying philosophy and scriptures. He authored several books in English, including works on Guru Nanak's life and teachings and [[Guru Tegh Bahadur]]'s hymns.<ref>{{cite book | last=Singh | first=D. | title=Guru Tegh Bahadur | publisher=Language Department, Punjab | year=1971 | url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=vmohAAAAMAAJ | access-date=3 October 2023 | page=|via=Google Books}}</ref> He also ventured into writing in "Braj bhasha" on Shri Krishna and published his work in notable publications like "Tri Dhara" and the Krishna Ank of the [[Gita Press]] Gorakhpur. Additionally, he translated the teachings of the Bhagwad Gita into his native Gurmukhi.<ref name="Tribune-2018"/>

=== Musical prowess ===
Apart from his scholarly pursuits, Singh was a talented musician and a skilled [[rudra veena]] player. He was a disciple of Ustad Mir Kallan and his brother, Ustad Mir Rehmat Ali, who were direct descendants of the legendary musician [[Tansen]]. Despite being aristocrats, they lived with him and practiced music rigorously. He composed intricate musical compositions (gats) that continue to be played to this day. His home in [[Shimla]] was a hub for musicians and private concerts.<ref name="Tribune-2018"/><ref name="sm1921"/>

== Career ==
Although he preferred a private life, Singh was drawn into public service due to various circumstances. He served as a member of the [[Imperial Legislative Council]], the [[Council of State (India)|Council of State]], and the Third Council of the Lieutenant Governor of the Punjab during the early 20th century. He also held the position of Prime Minister of [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir State]] for a brief period.<ref name="Tribune-2018"/> His contributions extended to cultural endeavors as he played a pivotal role in fundraising for the construction of the Indian Memorial Gateway at the [[Royal Pavilion]] in Brighton, United Kingdom, securing donations from various Indian Maharajas.<ref name="Tribune-2018"/><ref name="sm1921">{{cite web | title=Indian Memorial Gateway — Kapurthala | date=29 October 1921 | url=https://www.sikhmuseum.com/brighton/remembrance/gate/daljitsingh.html | access-date=3 October 2023|website=sikhmuseum.com}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Singh, Daljit}}
[[Category:1882 births]]
[[Category:1946 deaths]]
[[Category:Aitchison College alumni]]
[[Category:Indian politicians]]

Barjor Jamshedjee Dalal

2023-09-28T08:04:58Z

EmanuelH79: Added former prime minister of Jammu and Kashmir (Satisfy BP:NPOL)

{{Short description|Indian jurist}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Barjor Jamshedjee Dalal
| image =
| caption =
| office = Hon'ble Judge of [[Allahabad High Court]]
| term_start = 1925
| term_end = 1931
| predecessor = 
| successor = 
| office2 = Chief Justice of Jammu and Kashmir High Court
| term_start2 = 1931
| term_end2 = 
| predecessor2 = 
| successor2 = 
| office3 = [[List of chief ministers of Jammu and Kashmir#Prime ministers of country of Jammu and Kashmir (1917–1947)|Prime Minister of Jammu and Kashmir]]
| term_start3= 1936
| term_end3 = 1936
| predecessor3 = [[Elliot James Dowell Colvin]]
| successor3 = [[N. Gopalaswami Ayyangar]]
| birth_date = 
| birth_place = 
| death_date = 
| death_place = 
| nationality = Indian
| party = 
}}

'''Barjor Jamshedji Dalal''' was an Indian jurist who served as the Chief Justice of the Jammu and Kashmir High Court and held the office of [[List of chief ministers of Jammu and Kashmir#Prime ministers of country of Jammu and Kashmir (1917–1947)|Prime Minister of Jammu and Kashmir]] in 1936.

== Career ==
Barjor J. Dalal had a distinguished legal career, including serving as the Judge of [[Allahabad High Court]] from 1925 to 1931<ref>{{cite web | title=Former Judges of the High Court of Judicature at Allahabad and its Bench at Lucknow(1900-1990) | website=Welcome to the Official Website of the High Court of Judicature at Allahabad and its Bench at Lucknow, U.P., India | date=18 May 1909 | url=https://www.allahabadhighcourt.in/Judges/ex-judge1900-1990.htm | access-date=28 September 2023}}</ref> and Chief Justice of the [[High Court of Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh|Jammu and Kashmir High Court]].<ref>{{cite web | title=S.F. Rich vs Emperor Through Rashid Ahmad on 2 April, 1930 | website=[[Indian Kanoon]] | url=https://indiankanoon.org/doc/759249/ | access-date=28 September 2023}}</ref> In addition to his judicial roles, he also briefly served as the Prime Minister of Jammu and Kashmir in 1936.<ref>{{cite news | title=Prime Ministers of J&K | website=[[Daily Excelsior]] | date=1 November 2014 | url=https://www.dailyexcelsior.com/prime-ministers-jk/ | access-date=28 September 2023}}</ref>

== Commission of Inquiry ==
Following the [[1931 Kashmir agitation#Events|13 July Incident]], on 14th July 1931, the Maharaja's government appointed a Commission of Inquiry. This commission was chaired by Sir Barjor Dalal, with two judges of the High Court, Mr. B.R. Sawhney and Mr. Abdul Qaiyum, as official members. Two non-official members, one Muslim and the other Hindu, were also part of the commission.<ref>{{cite web | last=Ahmed | first=Khalid Bashir | title=Myth of an Enquiry Commission | website=[[Greater Kashmir]] | date=12 July 2020 | url=https://www.greaterkashmir.com/todays-paper/myth-of-an-enquiry-commission | access-date=28 September 2023}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Dalal, Barjor Jamshedji}}
[[Category:Indian jurists]]
[[Category:Chief Justices of the Jammu and Kashmir High Court]]

List of Islamist terrorist attacks

2023-09-23T09:29:12Z

EmanuelH79: List of Islamist terrorist attacks

<noinclude>{{User:RMCD bot/subject notice|1=List of Islamic terrorist attacks|2=Talk:List of Islamist terrorist attacks#Requested move 2 September 2023}}
</noinclude>
{{Use mdy dates|date=April 2014}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{Original research|date=August 2023}}
{{Synthesis|date=August 2023}}
}}
{{Dynamic list}}

[[File:Flag of Jihad.svg|thumb|The "[[black flag of jihad]]" as used by jihadist militants since {{circa}} the late 1990s.]]

According to [[Fondapol]], a French think tank, between 1979 and May 2021, at least 48,035 [[Islamism|Islamist]] terrorist attacks took place worldwide, causing the deaths of at least 210,138 people. On an average, during this period, an Islamist attack has resulted in the death of around 4.4 persons. The most common type of weapon used are explosives (43.9%). The main target of these attacks is the military (31.7%), followed by civilians (25.0%) and police forces (18.3%). [[Afghanistan]] was the country most affected by Islamist terrorism, followed by [[Iraq]] and [[Somalia]]. With at least 82 Islamist attacks and 332 deaths, [[France]] remains the country most affected by Islamist terrorism within the [[European Union]]. The majority of Islamist attacks (89.5%) were in Muslim countries and the victims were mainly [[Muslims]], in the same proportions.<ref>{{cite web
| url = https://www.fondapol.org/en/study/islamist-terrorist-attacks-in-the-world-1979-2021/
| title = Islamist Terrorist Attacks in the World 1979-2021
| last = Reynié
| first = Dominique
| date = September 2021
| website = Fondapol.org
| publisher = Fondation pour l'innovation politique
| access-date = 30 May 2023
| quote = }}</ref>

The following is an incomplete '''list of Islamist terrorist attacks'''.
{{horizontal TOC|nonum=yes}}

==1980s==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! scope="col" | Location
! scope="col" data-sort-type="date" | Date
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Description
! scope="col" data-sort-type="number" | Deaths
! scope="col" data-sort-type="number" | Injuries
|-
| {{Flagicon|France}} [[France]]|| December 1985 – September 1986 || [[1985–86 Paris attacks]], a series of over a dozen bombings<ref name="Levitt">{{Cite book|first=Matthew|last=Levitt|title=Hezbollah: The Global Footprint of Lebanon's Party of God|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UgoxCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA58|year=2015|publisher=Georgetown University Press|pages=58|isbn=9781626162013}}</ref>|| 13 || 225
|-
| {{Flagicon|Israel}} [[Israel]] || July 7, 1989 || [[Tel Aviv–Jerusalem bus 405 suicide attack]]<ref>{{cite news|last=Zieve |first=Tamara |url=http://www.jpost.com/Features/In-Thespotlight/This-Week-In-History-Terror-attack-on-Bus-405 |title=This Week In History: Terror attack on Bus 405 |publisher=The Jerusalem Post |access-date=April 7, 2014}}</ref> || 16 || 27
|}

==1990s==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! scope="col" | Location
! scope="col" data-sort-type="date" | Date
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Description
! scope="col" data-sort-type="number" | Deaths
! scope="col" data-sort-type="number" | Injuries
|-
| {{Flagicon|United States}} [[United States]]|| November 5, 1990 || 1990 [[assassination of Meir Kahane]].<ref name="ebrahim19">{{cite magazine |last1=Ebrahim |first1=Zak |last2=Giles |first2=Jeff |title=I Grew Up the Son of an Islamic Jihadist |url=https://time.com/3268803/i-grew-up-the-son-of-an-islamic-jihadist/ |access-date=19 December 2020 |magazine=Time |date=4 September 2014}}</ref><ref name="an19">{{cite news |title=An early Islamic terrorist in the U.S. |url=https://www.latimes.com/nation/la-sc-dc-0515-first-terrorist-pictures-photogallery.html |access-date=19 December 2020 |work=Los Angeles Times |date=May 2013}}</ref> || 1 || 2
|-
| {{Flagicon|United States}} [[United States]]|| February 26, 1993 || [[1993 World Trade Center bombing|World Trade Center bombing]], in New York City.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/february/26/newsid_2516000/2516469.stm |title= 1993: World Trade Center bomb terrorizes New York |publisher=BBC News |access-date=April 7, 2014}}</ref> || 6 || 1,042
|-
| {{Flagicon|Philippines}} [[Philippines]] || December 11, 1994 || A bomb explodes on board [[Philippine Airlines Flight 434]] which was flying from [[Manila]] to [[Tokyo]], the plane lands safely at [[Naha Airport]] in [[Okinawa]].<ref>{{cite news|title='Proud terrorist' gets life for Trade Center bombing|url=http://edition.cnn.com/US/9801/08/yousef.update/|access-date=25 July 2016|issue=8 January 1994|publisher=CNN}}</ref> || 1 || 10
|-
| {{Flagicon|Algeria}} [[Algeria]]|| December 24, 1994 || [[Air France Flight 8969]] hijacking in [[Algiers]] by 3 members of [[Armed Islamic Group of Algeria]] and another terrorist.<ref>{{cite news|author=Joseph Kirschke |url=http://www.worldpress.org/Europe/3807.cfm |title=Before September 11th: Air France Flight 8969 |publisher=Worldpress.org |date=September 11, 2011 |access-date=April 7, 2014}}</ref>|| 7 || 25
|-
| {{Flagicon|Algeria}} [[Algeria]] || January 30, 1995 || A car bomb exploded outside a police station.<ref name="nytab">[https://www.nytimes.com/1995/12/13/world/15-are-killed-by-car-bomb-near-algiers.html "The most deadly in the Algerian conflict bomb attack took place in January"], retrieved 18 April 2015.</ref><ref name="cogia">[http://www.larouchepub.com/other/1995/2241_gia.html The case of the GIA], retrieved 18 April 2015.</ref>|| 42 || 286
|-
| {{Flagicon|India}} [[India]]|| July 20, 1995 || A bomb on a motor scooter exploded at a marketplace in Jammu. [[Harkat-ul-Ansar]] claimed responsibility for the bombing.<ref>[https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=NiYOAAAAIBAJ&sjid=l30DAAAAIBAJ&pg=4757,3387724&dq=kashmir+bomb&hl=de "Jammu, India. A bomb hidden in a motor scooter"], retrieved 18 April 2015.</ref> || 17 || 100+
|-
| {{Flagicon|Egypt}} [[Egypt]]|| April 18, 1996 || [[1996 Cairo shooting]] - Islamist gunmen fire on the Europa hotel in Cairo.<ref name="euhotel">[https://www.nytimes.com/1996/04/19/world/gunmen-in-egypt-kill-18-in-attack-at-tourist-hotel.html "Gunmen In Egypt Kill 18 in Attack at Tourist Hotel"], retrieved 18 April 2015.</ref> || 18 || 17
|-
|{{Flagicon|Saudi Arabia}} [[Saudi Arabia]]||June 25, 1996||[[Khobar Towers bombing]]<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.getbig.com/boards/index.php?topic=209243.105;imode |title=Iran Begins Installing More Centrifuges |publisher=Getbig.com |access-date=April 7, 2014}}</ref> || 20 || 372
|-
|{{Flagicon|India}} [[India]]||August 3, 1998||The [[1998 Chamba massacre]] was the killing of 35 Hindus by [[Hizbul Mujahideen]], in the Chamba district of Himachal Pradesh in India <ref>{{cite news|url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/Storyold/45143/|title=Ultras gun down 35 in Himachal|work=The Indian Express|date=4 August 1998|access-date=3 June 2018|archive-date=12 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211112165128/http://archive.indianexpress.com/Storyold/45143/|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/1998/98aug04/head.htm#1|title=Terrorists massacre 35 in Chamba|work=The Tribune|date=4 August 1998|access-date=23 March 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121023220534/http://www.tribuneindia.com/1998/98aug04/head.htm#1|archive-date=23 October 2012|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref> || 35 ||
|-
|{{Flagicon|Tanzania}} [[Tanzania]] || rowspan="2" |August 7, 1998||rowspan=2|[[1998 United States embassy bombings]] in [[Dar es Salaam]] and [[Nairobi]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/august/7/newsid_3131000/3131709.stm |title= 1998: US embassies in Africa bombed |publisher=BBC News |access-date=April 7, 2014}}</ref>||rowspan=2|224||rowspan=2|4,000+
|-
|{{Flagicon|Kenya}} [[Kenya]]
|}

==2001-2010==
===2001===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! scope="col" | Location
! scope="col" data-sort-type="date" | Date
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Description
! scope="col" data-sort-type="number" | Deaths
! scope="col" data-sort-type="number" | Injuries
|-
|-
| {{Flagicon|United States}} [[United States]]|| September 11 || [[September 11 attacks|A series of four coordinated terrorist attacks]] by al-Qaeda involving the hijacking and crashing of passenger jet airliners that killed 2,996 people, injured over 25,000 others, and caused at least $10 billion in infrastructure and property damage.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.history.com/topics/9-11-attacks|title=9/11 Attacks - Facts & Summary - HISTORY.com|website=HISTORY.com|access-date=2018-07-08|quote=The attackers were Islamic terrorists from Saudi Arabia and several other Arab nations.}}</ref>|| 2,996 || 25,000+
|}

===2002===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! scope="col" | Location
! scope="col" data-sort-type="date" | Date
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Description
! scope="col" data-sort-type="number" | Deaths
! scope="col" data-sort-type="number" | Injuries
|-
| {{Flagicon|Indonesia}} [[Indonesia]]|| October 12 || [[2002 Bali bombings]] in the tourist district of [[Kuta]] on the [[Indonesia]]n island of [[Bali]], killing 202 people and injuring 240.<ref name="afp">{{cite web|url=http://afp.gov.au/international/operations/previous_operations/bali_bombings_2002|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090504201848/http://afp.gov.au/international/operations/previous_operations/bali_bombings_2002|archive-date=May 4, 2009| access-date=March 18, 2007| publisher=Australian Federal Police |title=Bali bombings 2002| work=International Activities}}</ref> || 202 || 240
|}

===2003===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! scope="col" | Location
! scope="col" data-sort-type="date" | Date
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Description
! scope="col" data-sort-type="number" | Deaths
! scope="col" data-sort-type="number" | Injuries
|-
|{{Flagicon|Saudi Arabia}} [[Saudi Arabia]]|| May 1 || A man dressed in a [[Royal Saudi Navy]] uniform penetrated an American base, killing one American, before escaping unscathed.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Hegghammer|first1=Thomas|title=Jihad in Saudi Arabia: Violence and Pan-Islamism since 1979|date=2010|publisher=Cambridge University Press|page=[https://archive.org/details/jihadinsaudi_hegg_2010_000_10552999/page/n93 82]|url=https://archive.org/details/jihadinsaudi_hegg_2010_000_10552999|url-access=registration|isbn=9781139486392}}</ref>|| 1 || 0
|-
|{{Flagicon|Saudi Arabia}} [[Saudi Arabia]]||May 12||The [[Riyadh Compound Bombings]]; attackers drove three car bombs into residential compounds housing Westerners and others, killing 27 people. Nine bombers and another 3 insurgents also died.<ref name=Hegghammer-jihad>{{cite book|last1=Hegghammer|first1=Thomas|title=Jihad in Saudi Arabia: Violence and Pan-Islamism since 1979|date=2010|publisher=Cambridge University Press|pages=[https://archive.org/details/jihadinsaudi_hegg_2010_000_10552999/page/n171 160], 203|url=https://archive.org/details/jihadinsaudi_hegg_2010_000_10552999 |url-access=registration}}</ref>|| 27 || 160
|}

===2004===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! scope="col" | Location
! scope="col" data-sort-type="date" | Date
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Description
! scope="col" data-sort-type="number" | Deaths
! scope="col" data-sort-type="number" | Injuries
|-
|{{Flagicon|Spain}} [[Spain]] || March 11 || [[2004 Madrid train bombings|Madrid train bombings]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2007/oct/31/spain|title=The worst Islamist attack in European history|work=the Guardian}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://articles.latimes.com/2014/mar/09/world/la-fg-spain-bombings-20140309|title=Spain still healing 10 years after Madrid '11-M' train bombings|work=Los Angeles Times}}</ref> || 192 || 2,050
|-
|{{Flagicon|Saudi Arabia}} [[Saudi Arabia]]|| April 21 || A [[car bomb]] [[Terrorism in Saudi Arabia|explodes]] outside a building originally used by the Saudi police.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Blitzer|first1=Wolf|title=Dozens Killed in Basra Bombing; U.S. Marines in Desperate Battle in Fallujah; Massive Bomb Shakes Saudi Capital|url=http://www.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0404/21/wbr.00.html|access-date=4 October 2015|work=CNN}}</ref> || 5 || 148
|-
|{{Flagicon|Saudi Arabia}} [[Saudi Arabia]]|| June 8 || An American employee of [[Vinnell Corp.]] was [[Terrorism in Saudi Arabia|killed]] in [[Riyadh]].<ref>{{cite news|title=American killed in Saudi capital Gunmen have shot dead an American man in the Saudi capital Riyadh – the second such attack this week.|
url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/3787439.stm|access-date=4 October 2015|work=BBC}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=American shot dead in Saudi Arabia Second fatal attack on Westerners in three days|url=http://www.cnn.com/2004/WORLD/meast/06/08/saudi.us/|access-date=4 October 2015|work=CNN}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=MacFarquhar|first1=Neil|title=U.S. Military Contract Employee Is Shot Dead in Saudi Capital|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2004/06/09/international/middleeast/09saud.html|access-date=4 October 2015|work=The New York Times|date=June 9, 2004 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=American Killed in Riyadh|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A26254-2004Jun8.html|access-date=4 October 2015|newspaper=The Washington Post|agency=Associated Press}}</ref> || 1 || 0
|-
|{{Flagicon|Saudi Arabia}} [[Saudi Arabia]]|| August 3 || An Irish national was [[Terrorism in Saudi Arabia|shot and killed]] in Riyadh.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Penketh|first1=Anne|title=Irish worker shot dead in Riyadh as militants pick soft targets|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/irish-worker-shot-dead-in-riyadh-as-militants-pick-soft-targets-6164251.html|archive-url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20171012060048/http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/books/features/christmas-books-sharpe-to-the-bottom-of-the-glass-519760.html|archive-date=October 12, 2017|access-date=4 October 2015|work=Independent}}</ref>|| 1 || 0
|-
|{{Flagicon|Russia}} [[Russia]]|| September 1–3 || [[Beslan school siege]]<ref name="last_casualty">{{cite news|date=December 8, 2006|url=https://www.boston.com/news/world/europe/articles/2006/12/08/woman_injured_in_2004_russian_siege_dies/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071017001115/http://boston.com/news/world/europe/articles/2006/12/08/woman_injured_in_2004_russian_siege_dies/ |archive-date=October 17, 2007 |title=Woman injured in 2004 Russian siege dies|publisher=The Boston Globe|access-date=January 9, 2007}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/spl/hi/world/04/russian_s/html/1.stm |title=Beslan School Siege: Standoff |publisher=BBC News |date=September 3, 2004 |access-date=April 25, 2010}}</ref>|| 385 || 783
|-
|{{Flagicon|Saudi Arabia}} [[Saudi Arabia]]|| September 15 || A British national working for the [[Marconi Company]] was [[Terrorism in Saudi Arabia|shot to death]] in his car in Riyadh.<ref>{{cite web |title=Briton shot dead in Saudi is named |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2004/sep/16/saudiarabia |website=The Guardian |date=16 September 2004}}</ref> || 1 || 0
|-
|{{Flagicon|Saudi Arabia}} [[Saudi Arabia]]|| December 6 || Five militants attacked the American consulate in [[Jeddah]]. Three attackers were killed by Saudi security forces, and the other two attackers were wounded and arrested.<ref name=guard-us-cons-7-dec-06>{{cite news |last1=Sturcke|first1=James |title=Nine killed as US consulate in Jeddah attacked |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2004/dec/06/saudiarabia.usa |access-date=4 October 2015 |work=[[The Guardian]] |publisher=Guardian News and Media Limited |date=7 December 2004}}</ref> || 9 || 10
|}

===2005===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! scope="col" | Location
! scope="col" data-sort-type="date" | Date
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Description
! scope="col" data-sort-type="number" | Deaths
! scope="col" data-sort-type="number" | Injuries
|-
| {{Flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[United Kingdom]]
|| July 7
|| [[7 July 2005 London bombings]] - Four suicide bombers attacked [[London Underground]] trains and a double decker bus during the morning rush hour.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/4206800.stm|title=London bomber: Text in full|date=2005-09-01|work=BBC News|access-date=2018-12-11|language=en-GB}}</ref>
|| 52
|| ~784
|-
| {{Flagicon|Egypt}} [[Egypt]]
|| July 23
|| [[2005 Sharm El Sheikh bombings]] - Bombing attacks through shopping and hotel areas in the Red Sea resort of Sharm el-Sheik.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2005/jul/23/alqaida.terrorism|title=Bombers kill 88 at Egyptian resort|newspaper=The Guardian |date=July 23, 2005|via=www.theguardian.com}}</ref>
|| 88
|| ~150
|-
| {{Flagicon|Indonesia}} [[Indonesia]]
|| October 29
|| [[2005 Tentena market bombings]]. Over 60 killed and over 180 injured in a series of three attacks in crowded markets and a bus.<ref>[http://in.rediff.com/news/2005/oct/30delhi4.htm Delhi blasts toll is 59, 200 injured] – [[rediff.com]] (October 30, 2005)</ref>
|| 60
|| 180+
|-
| {{Flagicon|Jordan}} [[Jordan]]
|| November 9
|| [[2005 Amman bombings]]. A series of coordinated suicide attacks on hotels in [[Amman|Amman, Jordan]].<ref>[http://www.thestreet.com/_googlen/funds/international-pf/10252100.html?cm_ven=GOOGLEN&cm_cat=FREE&cm_ite=NA Deadly Bombings Hit Jordan] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061116234632/http://www.thestreet.com/_googlen/funds/international-pf/10252100.html?cm_ven=GOOGLEN&cm_cat=FREE&cm_ite=NA |date=November 16, 2006 }} – TheStreet.com (November 9, 2005)</ref><ref>[http://aljazeera.com/me.asp?service_ID=10143 Jordan bombings kill 57, wound 300] – [[Al Jazeera]], November 9, 2005 {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110707111903/http://aljazeera.com/me.asp?service_ID=10143 |date=July 7, 2011 }}</ref> Four attackers including a husband and wife team were involved.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/4432964.stm Bomber's wife arrested in Jordan] – [[BBC]], November 13, 2005</ref>
|| 60
|| 115+
|}

===2006===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! scope="col" | Location
! scope="col" data-sort-type="date" | Date
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Description
! scope="col" data-sort-type="number" | Deaths
! scope="col" data-sort-type="number" | Injuries
|-
|{{Flagicon|Egypt}} [[Egypt]]
||April 24
||[[2006 Dahab bombings]] - Bombing attacks on the [[Egypt]]ian [[resort town|resort city]] of [[Dahab]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cnn.com/2006/WORLD/meast/04/26/egypt.blasts/index.html|title=CNN.com - Egypt ties Dahab blasts to other attacks - Apr 26, 2006|website=[[CNN]]|date=June 24, 2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060624043947/http://www.cnn.com/2006/WORLD/meast/04/26/egypt.blasts/index.html|archive-date=June 24, 2006}}</ref>
||23
||~ 80
|-
|{{Flagicon|India}} [[India]]
||July 11
||[[2006 Mumbai train bombings]]: Seven bomb blasts over a period of 11 minutes on the Suburban Railway in Mumbai.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/5169332.stm|title=Scores dead in Mumbai train bombs|publisher=[[BBC News Online|news.bbc.co.uk]]|access-date=July 11, 2006|date=July 10, 2006| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20060713180402/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/5169332.stm| archive-date= July 13, 2006 }}</ref>
||209
||700+
|}

===2008===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! scope="col" | Location
! scope="col" data-sort-type="date" | Date
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Description
! scope="col" data-sort-type="number" | Deaths
! scope="col" data-sort-type="number" | Injuries
|-
|{{Flagicon|India}} [[India]]
|May 13
|[[Jaipur bombings|Nine synchronized blasts]] in the Indian city of [[Jaipur]], claimed by the [[Indian Mujahideen]], suspected to be carried out by the [[Harkat-ul-Jihad al-Islami]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Bombings Kill 80 in Western India - Novinite.com - Sofia News Agency|url=https://www.novinite.com/articles/93088/Bombings+Kill+80+in+Western+India|access-date=2021-12-19|website=www.novinite.com}}</ref>
|80
|216
|-
|{{Flagicon|India}} [[India]]
|July 26
|[[2008 Ahmedabad bombings]]<ref name=":0">{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/india/2463518/India-on-high-alert-as-bombers-sought.html|title=India on high alert as bombers sought – Telegraph|last=Bedi|first=Rahul|date=July 27, 2008|publisher=Telegraph.co.uk|location=London|access-date=April 25, 2010}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{cite news|url=http://afp.google.com/article/ALeqM5jmWd6R_7NPYZhvm155_PrCKp6g6w|title=AFP: Indian police arrest 10 for serial blasts – August 16, 2008 |date=August 16, 2008 |author=(AFP) – August 16, 2008 |access-date=April 25, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080822121132/http://afp.google.com/article/ALeqM5jmWd6R_7NPYZhvm155_PrCKp6g6w |archive-date=August 22, 2008 }}</ref>
|56
|200+
|-
|{{Flagicon|India}} [[India]]
|November 26
|Muslim extremists kill at least 166 people and wound numerous others in a [[2008 Mumbai attacks|series of coordinated attacks]] on India's financial capital, [[Mumbai]]. The government of India blamed Pakistan-based militant group [[Lashkar-e-Taiba]] and stated that the terrorists killed/caught were citizens of [[Pakistan]], a claim which the Pakistani government first rejected but then accepted when given proof. [[Ajmal Kasab]], one of the terrorists, was caught alive.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/11/26/AR2008112604708.html?hpid=topnews|title=Washington Post – 26 November 2008 – Dozens Die in Mumbai Attacks|last=Lakshmi|first=Rama|date=November 27, 2008|work=Washingtonpost.com|access-date=April 25, 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/12/01/AR2008120100940.html?hpid=topnews|title=Washington Post–1 December 2008: More Indian Officials Quit in Aftermath of Attacks|last=Lakshmi|first=Rama|date=December 1, 2008|work=Washingtonpost.com|access-date=April 25, 2010}}</ref>
|166+
|300+
|}

===2009===
{|class="wikitable sortable"
!scope="col"|Location
!scope="col" data-sort-type="date"|Date
!scope="col" class="unsortable"|Description
!scope="col" data-sort-type="number"|Deaths
!scope="col" data-sort-type="number"|Injuries
|-
|{{Flagicon|Pakistan}} [[Pakistan]]
|March 3
|A bus carrying [[2009 attack on the Sri Lanka national cricket team|Sri Lankan cricketers]] was fired upon by 12 gunmen, believed to be members of [[Lashkar-e-Jhangvi]], near Gaddafi Stadium in Lahore, Pakistan. Six members of the Sri Lanka national cricket team were wounded and six Pakistani policemen and two civilians were killed.<ref name="BBC">{{Cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/in_depth/7920260.stm|title=Gunmen shoot Sri Lanka cricketers|date=3 March 2009|work=BBC News|access-date=3 March 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090304020128/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/in_depth/7920260.stm|archive-date=4 March 2009 |url-status=live}}</ref>
|8
|9
|}

===2010===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! scope="col" | Location
! scope="col" data-sort-type="date" | Date
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Description
! scope="col" data-sort-type="number" | Deaths
! scope="col" data-sort-type="number" | Injuries
|-
|{{Flagicon|Russia}} [[Russia]]
||March 29
||[[2010 Moscow Metro bombings|Moscow Metro bombings.]] [[Caucasus Emirate]] claimed responsibility<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/europe/2010/03/2010331171748201274.html|title=Chechen rebel claims Moscow attacks|work=Al Jazeera English|access-date=January 7, 2015}}</ref>
||40
||102
|-
|{{Flagicon|Pakistan}} [[Pakistan]]
||May 28
||[[2010 Ahmadiyya mosques massacre]] [[Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan]] claimed attacks on two mosques belonging to the [[Ahmadiyya Muslim Community]]<ref name="r1">{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/pune/Blast-rips-Punes-German-Bakery-9-dead-45-wounded/articleshow/5570692.cms|title=Blast rips Pune's German Bakery; 9 dead, 45 wounded|date=February 14, 2010|work=The Times Of India}}</ref>
||86
||45+
|-
|{{Flagicon|Pakistan}} [[Pakistan]]
|| July 1
|| [[July 2010 Lahore bombings]], anti Sufi attack, part of "a growing trend among militants to target members of other sects".<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/10483453|title=Deadly blasts hit Sufi shrine in Lahore|work=BBC News|date=July 2, 2010}}</ref>
|| 42+
|| 175+
|-
|{{Flagicon|Pakistan}} [[Pakistan]]
|| October 6
|| Double suicide bombing at [[Abdullah Shah Ghazi|Abdullah Shah Ghazi Shrine]]. Part of a militant anti Sufi campaign<ref name=":2">{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-south-asia-11495500|title=Deadly blasts hit Sufi shrine in Pakistani city Karachi|work=BBC News|date=October 7, 2010}}</ref>
|| 9+
|| 55
|-
|{{Flagicon|Pakistan}} [[Pakistan]]
|| December 25
|| A female suicide bomber blows herself up in the middle of a crowd at a United Nations food center in the Bajaur region.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://daily.bhaskar.com/article/WOR-suicide-attack-in-pak-affront-to-humanity-obama-1692600.html|title=Suicide attack in Pak affront to humanity: Obama|date=December 26, 2010|work=Daily Bhaskar|access-date=December 26, 2010}}</ref>
|| 1
|| 0
|}

==2011-2020==
===2011===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! scope="col" | Location
! scope="col" data-sort-type="date" | Date
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Description
! scope="col" data-sort-type="number" | Deaths
! scope="col" data-sort-type="number" | Injuries
|-
|{{Flagicon|Nigeria}} [[Nigeria]]
|| December 25
|| [[Christmas 2011 Nigeria attacks|Christmas Day bombings]] were bomb blasts and shootings at churches in [[Madalla]], [[Jos]], [[Gadaka]], and [[Damaturu]]<ref>{{cite news|url=http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/news/world/story/2011-12-25/nigeria-christmas-catholic-church-bomb/52218084/1?csp=34news|title=Christmas attacks in Nigeria by sect kill 39 – usatoday.com|work=usatoday.com|access-date=January 7, 2015|archive-date=May 6, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190506070141/https://usatoday30.usatoday.com/news/world/story/2011-12-25/nigeria-christmas-catholic-church-bomb/52218084/1?csp=34news}}</ref>
|| 41
|| 57+
|}

===2012===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! scope="col" | Location
! scope="col" data-sort-type="date" | Date
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Description
! scope="col" data-sort-type="number" | Deaths
! scope="col" data-sort-type="number" | Injuries
|-
|{{Flagicon|France}} [[France]]
|| March 11 – 22
|| [[Toulouse and Montauban shootings]] – [[Mohammed Merah]], a French citizen of Algerian extraction, attacked on French soldiers and later children and a teacher from a [[Jews|Jewish]] school in the cities of [[Montauban]] and [[Toulouse]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2012/03/21/world/europe/france-shooting-suspect-profile/index.html|title=Who was French gunman Mohammed Merah?|publisher=CNN|access-date=March 23, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-17428860|title=Shootings in Toulouse and Montauban: What we know|publisher=BBC News|access-date=March 22, 2012}}</ref>
|| 7
|| 5
|-
|{{Flagicon|Russia}} [[Russia]]
|| May 3
|| [[2012 Makhachkala attack|Makhachkala attack]]<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-russia-dagestan-blast-idUSBRE8430E620120504|title=Twin bomb attacks kill 12 in Russia's Dagestan|publisher=Reuters|access-date=January 7, 2015}}</ref>
|| 14
|| 130
|-
|{{Flagicon|Iraq}} [[Iraq]]
|| December 17
|| On December 17, two consecutive car bombings hit a residential area near the city's General Hospital, killing 11 civilians and injuring 45 others. The attacks were part of a country-wide wave of violence that killed almost 100 people in a single day.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ninanews.com/english/News_Details.asp?ar95_VQ=GFEDDH |title=BREAKING NEWS. 25 people killed and wounded in bombings series in Tuz district. (NINA News Agency) |access-date=May 27, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131215193251/http://www.ninanews.com/english/News_Details.asp?ar95_VQ=GFEDDH |archive-date=December 15, 2013 |df=mdy-all}}</ref>
|| 11
|| 45
|}

===2013===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! scope="col" | Location
! scope="col" data-sort-type="date" | Date
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Description
! scope="col" data-sort-type="number" | Deaths
! scope="col" data-sort-type="number" | Injuries
|-
|{{Flagicon|Iraq}} [[Iraq]]
|| January 23
|| The 2013 Tuz Khurmatu mosque bombing. A suicide bomber killed at least 40 people and wounded scores more at a funeral near a Shiite Mosque in northern Iraq.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.dw.com/en/suicide-bombing-at-iraq-shiite-mosque-kills-dozens/a-16546523|title=Suicide bombing at Iraq Shiite mosque kills dozens|date=January 23, 2013|access-date=February 17, 2022|publisher=Deutsche Wele}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.cnn.com/2013/01/23/world/meast/iraq-bombing/index.html|title=35 killed in Iraq suicide bombing, police say|author=Mohammed Tawfeeq|date=January 23, 2013|access-date=February 17, 2022|publisher=CNN}}</ref>
|| 40+
||
|-
|{{Flagicon|United States}} [[United States]]
|April 15
|[[Boston Marathon bombing]] – Two brothers, [[Tamerlan Tsarnaev|Tamerlan]] and [[Dzhokhar Tsarnaev]], planted two bombs near the finish line of the [[Boston Marathon]] in [[Massachusetts]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://usnews.nbcnews.com/_news/2013/04/22/17860373-officials-hospitalized-bombing-suspect-says-he-and-brother-acted-alone-motivated-by-religion?lite|title=Officials: Hospitalized bombing suspect says he and brother acted alone, motivated by religion|author=Blog Post|date=April 22, 2013|access-date=May 9, 2013|publisher=NBC}}</ref>
|3
|183
|-
|{{Flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[United Kingdom]]
|| May 22
|| [[Murder of Lee Rigby]] in [[Woolwich]], [[London]]<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.news.com.au/world-news/two-shot-by-police-after-soldiers-hacking-death-near-royal-artillery-barracks-in-woolwich/story-fndir2ev-1226648801254 |title=Two shot by police after soldier hacked to death on street near Royal Artillery Barracks in Woolwich, London |publisher=news.com.au |access-date=May 24, 2013 |archive-date=April 3, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190403074556/https://www.news.com.au/world-news/two-shot-by-police-after-soldiers-hacking-death-near-royal-artillery-barracks-in-woolwich/story-fndir2ev-1226648801254 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author=Benedict Moore-Bridger Justin Davenport |url=https://www.standard.co.uk/news/london/woolwich-machete-killing-two-men-shouting-allah-akbar-shot-by-police-as-soldier-is-beheaded-in-islamist-terror-attack-8627618.html |title=Woolwich suspect radicalised by hate preacher as MI5 admit both attackers were known to them |work=London Evening Standard |access-date=May 24, 2013}}</ref>
|| 1
|| 0
|-
|{{Flagicon|France}} [[France]]
|| May 25
|| [[2013 La Défense attack]] – A Muslim convert attacked a French soldier with a knife. The soldier was wounded while on patrol in La Defense, [[Hauts-de-Seine]], [[Île-de-France]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-22670697|title=Knife attack on soldier in Paris treated as terrorism|work=BBC News|date=May 26, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-france-stabbing-idUSBRE94S18O20130529|title=Attack on French soldier had religious motivation: prosecutor|first=Alexandria|last=Sage|newspaper=Reuters|date=May 29, 2013|via=www.reuters.com}}</ref>
|| 0
|| 1
|-
|{{Flagicon|Nigeria}} [[Nigeria]]
|| July 6
|| The [[Yobe State School Shooting]]. [[Boko Haram]], terrorists attacked a secondary school in Mamudo, [[Yobe State]], Nigeria, killing 42 people, mostly students.<ref name=BBC2>{{cite news|title=Nigeria school massacre: Yobe secondary schools closed|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-23221237|access-date=7 July 2013|date=7 July 2013|publisher=[[BBC News]]}}</ref>
|| 42 (around 100 missing)
|| 6+
|-
|{{Flagicon|Kenya}} [[Kenya]]
|| September 21
|| [[Westgate shopping mall attack]] in [[Nairobi]]<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.ibtimes.com/2014-pulitzer-prizes-winners-announced-coverage-boston-bombings-nsa-scandal-win-coveted-1571490|title=2014 Pulitzer Prizes Winners Announced, Coverage of Boston Bombings and NSA Scandal Win Coveted Journalism Awards|date=April 14, 2014|work=International Business Times}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.ibtimes.com/kenya-mall-attack-leaves-least-22-dead-al-shabaab-militants-claim-credit-1409238|title=Kenya Mall Attack Leaves At Least 22 Dead; Al-Shabaab Militants Claim Credit|date=September 21, 2013|work=International Business Times}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/westgate-mall-nairobi-kenya-muslims-hostage-somalia-507879|title=Nairobi Westgate Mall Siege: Dozens of Hostages Seized by 20-Strong Islamic Terrorist Force|work=International Business Times UK}}</ref>
|| 67
|| 175
|}

===2014===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! scope="col" | Location
! scope="col" data-sort-type="date" | Date
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Description
! scope="col" data-sort-type="number" | Deaths
! scope="col" data-sort-type="number" | Injuries
|-
|{{Flagicon|Nigeria}} [[Nigeria]]
|| February 14
|| [[Borno Massacre]]<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.biharprabha.com/2014/05/over-200-killed-in-boko-haram-led-attack-in-nigerian-town/|title=Over 200 killed in Boko Haram Led Attack in Nigerian Town|work=The Biharprabha News|access-date=January 7, 2015}}</ref>
|| 200+
||
|-
|{{Flagicon|Iraq}} [[Iraq]]
|| June 10
|| The [[Badush prison massacre]] occurred on June 10, 2014. The [[Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant]] (ISIL) killed at least 670 [[Shia]] prisoners in an attack on the [[Badush]] prison. ISIL first separated the [[Sunni]] inmates before executing the remaining prisoners.<ref>{{cite news|first1=Stephanie |last1=Nebehay |first2=Ahmed |last2=Rasheed |url=http://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-iraq-security-idUKKBN0GP0L220140825|title=U.N. accuses Islamic State of mass killings|date=25 August 2014|work=Reuters}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2014/10/30/iraq-isis-executed-hundreds-prison-inmates|title=Iraq: ISIS Executed Hundreds of Prison Inmates|date=30 October 2014|agency=Human Rights Watch}}</ref>
|| 670
||
|-
|{{Flagicon|Iraq}} [[Iraq]]
|| June 12
|| The [[Camp Speicher massacre]] occurred on June 12, 2014, when the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) killed from 1,095 to 1,700 Iraqi people in an attack on Camp Speicher in Tikrit, Iraq. At the time of the massacre, there were between 5,000 and 10,000 unarmed cadets in the camp,<ref name="Buratha News Agency: 4000 soldiers">{{cite web |title=Survivors from the Speicher massacre: We were 4000 unarmed soldiers fell into the hands of ISIS |url= http://burathanews.com/news/247028.html |website=Buratha News Agency|date= 7 September 2014 |access-date=13 September 2014|language=ar}}</ref> and ISIL fighters selected the Shias and non-Muslims for execution.
|| 1,095+
||
|-
|{{Flagicon|China}} [[China]]
|| July 28
|| A gang armed with knives and axes attacked a police station and government offices in Elixku Township, and some moved onto Huangdi Township, attacking civilians and smashing vehicles as they passed.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/china/2014-08/10/c_133546149.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140813003304/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/china/2014-08/10/c_133546149.htm|archive-date=August 13, 2014|title=China Focus: 18 Xinjiang terrorist rioting suspects surrender|publisher=Xinhua|access-date=April 23, 2016}}</ref>
|| 37
|| 13
|-
|{{Flagicon|Syria}} [[Syria]]
|| August 2014
|| [[ISIL]] fighters massacred some 700 people, mostly men, of the [[Al-Shaitat|Shu'aytat tribe]] in [[Deir ez-Zor Governorate]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/syria-tribal-revolt-against-islamic-state-ignored-fueling-resentment/2014/10/20/25401beb-8de8-49f2-8e64-c1cfbee45232_story.html|title=Syria tribal revolt against Islamic State ignored, fueling resentment|newspaper=The Washington Post|access-date=January 7, 2015}}</ref>
|| 700
||
|-
|{{Flagicon|Australia}} [[Australia]]
|| September 23
|| [[2014 Endeavour Hills stabbings]]. Numan Haider, an [[Afghan Australian]] stabbed two [[counter terrorism]] officers in Melbourne, Australia. He was then shot dead.<ref name="time">{{cite news|last1=Neubauer|first1=Ian Lloyd|title=A Teenage Terrorism Suspect Is Shot Dead in Australia After Attacking Police|url=http://time.com/3423975/isis-australia-melbourne-police-terrorism-suspect-abdul-numan-haider/|access-date=24 September 2014|magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]|date=24 September 2014}}</ref>
|| 1
|| 2
|-
|{{Flagicon|Russia}} [[Russia]]
|| October 5
|| [[2014 Grozny bombing]]<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-29498909|title=Five killed in suicide bombing in Chechen capital|publisher=BBC News|access-date=January 7, 2015}}</ref>
|| 6
|| 12
|-
|Canada
|| October 22
|| [[2014 shootings at Parliament Hill, Ottawa]]. Lone attacker shot a soldier at a war memorial and attacked Parliament.<ref name="Ottawa">{{cite news |url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/national/suspected-killer-in-ottawa-shootings-had-a-disturbing-side/article21252419/ |title=Suspected killer in Ottawa shootings had religious awakening |work=The Globe and Mail |date=22 October 2014 |access-date=25 October 2014 |author=Colin Freeze}}</ref>
|| 1
|| 3
|-
|{{Flagicon|United States}} [[United States]]
|| October 23
|Zale H. Thomson, also known as Zaim Farouq Abdul-Malik, [[2014 Queens hatchet attack|attacked four New York policemen in the subway with a hatchet]], severely injuring one in the back of the head and injuring another policeman in the arm before being shot to death by the remaining officers, who also shot a civilian.<ref>{{cite news|author1=William K. Rashbaum|author2=Michael Schwirtz|name-list-style=amp|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/10/25/nyregion/man-who-attacked-police-with-hatchet-ranted-about-us-officials-say.html?hp&action=click&pgtype=Homepage&version=HpSum&module=first-column-region&region=top-news&WT.nav=top-news |title=Hatchet Assailant Killed by Police Advocated Jihad|work=The New York Times|date=October 24, 2014|access-date=October 24, 2014}}</ref>
|| 0
|| 5
|-
|{{Flagicon|Nigeria}} [[Nigeria]]
|| November 28
|| [[2014 Kano bombing|Kano bombing]]<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.dawn.com/news/1147526/suicide-bombers-gunmen-kill-64-at-prominent-nigeria-mosque|title=Suicide bombers, gunmen kill 64 at prominent Nigeria mosque|author=AFP|access-date=29 November 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-30250950|title=Nigeria unrest: Kano mosque attack kills dozens|publisher=BBC News|access-date=29 November 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/africa/2014/11/bomb-explodes-outside-nigeria-mosque-20141128142253350550.html|title=Scores killed in Nigeria mosque blasts|author=Al Jazeera and agencies|access-date=29 November 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-nigeria-violence-idUSKCN0JC1DS20141128|title=Bombs, gunfire kill 81 at crowded mosque in Nigeria's Kano|work=Reuters |access-date=29 November 2014}}</ref>
|| 120
|| 260
|-
|| United Arab Emirates
|| December 1
|| A burqa-clad woman stabs a 47-year-old American teacher to death in a mall restroom in [[Abu Dhabi]] She later plants a bomb outside the home of an Egyptian-American doctor.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/ibolya-ryan-murder-uae-executes-woman-who-murdered-us-teacher-inside-shopping-mall-10385049.html|title=UAE executes woman who murdered US teacher|date=July 13, 2015|work=Independent}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.khaleejtimes.com/nation/crime/terrorist-ideologies-guided-mall-murder-suspect|title=Terrorist ideologies guided mall murder suspect |work=Khaleej Times|access-date=2016-12-15}}</ref>
|| 1
|
|-
|{{Flagicon|Russia}} [[Russia]]
|| December 4
|| [[2014 Grozny clashes]]<ref>[http://www.svoboda.org/content/article/26724511.html Атака на Грозный], Radio Liberty, December 6, 2014</ref>
|| 26
||
|-
|{{Flagicon|Pakistan}} [[Pakistan]]
|| December 16
|| [[2014 Peshawar school massacre]]<ref name=peshawarschool>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/12/17/world/asia/taliban-attack-pakistani-school.html|title=Taliban Besiege Pakistan School, Leaving 145 Dead|date=December 17, 2014|work=The New York Times|access-date=April 23, 2016}}</ref>
|| 140
||
|-
|{{Flagicon|Yemen}} [[Yemen]]
|| December 16
|| [[2014 Radda bombings]] Two suicide car bombers rammed their vehicles into a Shiite rebels' checkpoint.<ref>{{cite news|author=Ahmed al-haj|url=https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/amnesty-urges-yemen-probe-activist-killing-27627957 |title=2 Bombers Kill 26 Including 16 Students in Yemen |agency=Associated Press |date=December 16, 2014 |access-date=December 16, 2014}}</ref>
|| 26
|
|-
|{{Flagicon|Nigeria}} [[Nigeria]]
|| December 18
|| [[2014 Gumsuri kidnappings]]. [[Boko Haram]] insurgents killed 32 men and kidnapped at least 185 women and children.<ref>{{cite news|author1=Aminu Abubakr |author2=Ben Brumfield |name-list-style=amp|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2014/12/18/world/africa/nigeria-boko-haram-kidnapping/index.html?iref=allsearch |title=2 Boko Haram kidnaps 185 women and children, kills 32 people |publisher=CNN |date=December 18, 2014}}</ref>
|| 32
|
|-
|{{Flagicon|Syria}} [[Syria]]
|| December 18
|| Mass grave of 230 tribesmen killed by [[ISIL]] found in Eastern Syria.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.vice.com/article/mass-grave-found-in-eastern-syria-suspected-to-hold-bodies-of-230-tribesmen-killed-by-islamic-state|title=Mass Grave Found in Eastern Syria Suspected to Hold Bodies of 230 Tribesmen Killed by Islamic State|work=VICE News|access-date=January 7, 2015}}</ref>
|| 230
||
|-
|{{Flagicon|France}} [[France]]
|| December 20
|| [[2014 Tours police station stabbing]]. A man yelling [[Allahu Akbar]] attacked a police office with a knife. He was killed and three police officers were injured.<ref name="msafps">[http://www.news.com.au/world/europe/suspected-islamic-fanatic-shot-dead-after-stabbing-three-police-officers/story-fnh81p7g-1227163301575 "The man, shouting "Allahu Akbar" ("God is great" in Arabic), attacked the police station in Joue-les-Tours"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150914221852/http://www.news.com.au/world/europe/suspected-islamic-fanatic-shot-dead-after-stabbing-three-police-officers/story-fnh81p7g-1227163301575 |date=September 14, 2015 }}, Retrieved May 9, 2015.</ref>
|| 1
|| 3
|-
|{{Flagicon|Nigeria}} [[Nigeria]]
|| December 22
|| Boko Haram insurgents bombed a bus station in the city of [[Gombe, Nigeria|Gombe]]<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/africa/2014/12/deadly-blast-at-nigeria-bus-station-20141222122023301934.html|title=Dozens killed in Nigeria bomb blasts|author=Al Jazeera and agencies|access-date=January 7, 2015}}</ref>
|| 20+
||
|-
|{{Flagicon|Iraq}} [[Iraq]]
|| December 2014
|| [[ISIL]] militants execute 150 women Iraqi province of [[Al Anbar Governorate]], some of whom were pregnant at the time, who refuse to marry their fighters.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/middle-east/Isis-executes-150-women-for-refusing-to-marry-militants-and-buries-them-in-mass-graves/articleshow/45550919.cms?intenttarget=no|title=Isis 'executes 150 women for refusing to marry militants' and buries them in mass graves|work=The Times of India|access-date=January 7, 2015}}</ref>
|| 150
||
|-
|{{Flagicon|Iraq}} [[Iraq]]
|| August 2014
|| [[Genocide of Yazidis by the Islamic State]]. About 5,000 Yazidis were killed by IS, according to the United Nations,<ref>{{cite news|author=The Telegraph|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/islamic-state/11160906/Isil-carried-out-massacres-and-mass-sexual-enslavement-of-Yazidis-UN-confirms.html |title=Isil carried out massacres and mass sexual enslavement of Yazidis, UN confirms|publisher=The Telegraph}}</ref> and 4200–10800 have been kidnapped or abducted. An estimated 7,000 Yazidi women and girls were forced into sex slavery in northern Iraq.
|| 5,000
|| 4,200–10,800
|-
|{{Flagicon|Iraq}} [[Iraq]]
|| December 24
|| A suicide bomber killed 33 people and wounded 55 others in Madaen, about 25 km (15 miles) south of Baghdad.<ref>{{cite news|author=Kevin Liffey|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-crisis-iraq-idUSKBN0K20GZ20141224 |title=2 Suicide bomber kills 33 people south of Baghdad |publisher=Reuters}}</ref>
|| 33
|| 55
|-
|{{Flagicon|Somalia}} [[Somalia]]
|| December 25
|| [[Al-Shabaab (militant group)|Al-Shabaab]] attack in Mogadishu<ref>{{cite news|author=VOA News|url=http://www.voanews.com/content/militants-attack-somalia-peacekeepers-base/2573338.html |title=2 Al-Shabab Attack in Mogadishu Leaves 9 Dead, AU Mission Says |publisher=Voice of America}}</ref>
|9
||
|-
|Cameroon
|| December 28
|| [[Boko Haram]] attacks village in Cameroon<ref>{{cite news|author=SAPA News|url=http://www.news24.com/Africa/News/Boko-Haram-slaughter-dozens-in-Cameroon-village-20141228|title=2 Boko Haram slaughter dozens in Cameroon village|publisher=News 24|access-date=December 28, 2014|archive-date=April 7, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190407203355/https://www.news24.com/Africa/News/Boko-Haram-slaughter-dozens-in-Cameroon-village-20141228}}</ref>
|30
||
|}

===2015===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! scope="col" | Location
! scope="col" data-sort-type="date" | Date
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Description
! scope="col" data-sort-type="number" | Deaths
! scope="col" data-sort-type="number" | Injuries
|-
| {{Flagicon|Afghanistan}} [[Afghanistan]]
|| January 5
|| A car packed with explosives drove up to the headquarters of [[EUPOL Afghanistan]], a European police-training organization, in Kabul and detonated. [[Taliban]] claimed responsibility.<ref name="kaepsb">[https://apnews.com/01b57b3b61e34c7887c627de8e367b96 "Suicide bomber hits European police in Kabul; 1 dead"], retrieved April 26, 2015.</ref>
|| 1
|| 16
|-
| {{Flagicon|France}} [[France]]
|| January 7
|| Two brothers, Saïd and Chérif Kouachi, forced their way into the offices of the French satirical weekly newspaper [[Charlie Hebdo shooting|Charlie Hebdo]] in Paris. Armed with rifles and other weapons, they killed 12 people and injured 11 others.<ref>[https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/charlie-hebdo-shooting-10-killed-as-shots-fired-at-satirical-magazine-headquarters-according-to-reports-9962337.html "Charlie Hebdo shooting: At least 12 killed as shots fired at satirical magazine's Paris office"], retrieved June 7, 2019.</ref>
|| 12
|| 11
|-
|{{Flagicon|Iraq}} [[Iraq]]
|| January 6
|| Two suicide bombers attacked a mosque in the town of Al-Jubba while Iraqi soldiers were resting, killing 10 soldiers plus the two attackers. Clashes following the bombings left 13 security personnel dead and 21 wounded.<ref name="akgddg">[http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Middle-East/2015/Jan-06/283209-suicide-bombings-clashes-kill-23-in-iraqs-anbar-officers.ashx "Suicide bombings, clashes kill 23 in Iraq's Anbar: officers"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170810014327/http://www.dailystar.com.lb//News/Middle-East/2015/Jan-06/283209-suicide-bombings-clashes-kill-23-in-iraqs-anbar-officers.ashx |date=August 10, 2017 }}, Retrieve April 29, 2015.</ref>
|| 25
|| 21
|-
| {{Flagicon|Nigeria}} [[Nigeria]]
|| January 8
|| Jihadist [[Boko Haram]] [[2015 Baga massacre|attacked the town of Baga]] in northern Nigeria killing at least 200 people. Another 2,000 are unaccounted for.<ref>[http://www.channel4.com/news/hundreds-feared-killed-by-boko-haram-in-nigeria Hundreds feared killed by Boko Haram in Nigeria] – Channel 4 News</ref>
||200+
||–
|-
| {{Flagicon|Pakistan}} [[Pakistan]]
|| January 30
|| Suicide bomber killed at least 55, injuring at least 59 in a [[Shiite]] mosque in southern [[Pakistan]].<ref>{{cite news|first=Saba|last=Imtiaz |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/01/31/world/asia/blast-kills-scores-at-mosque-in-southern-pakistan.html |title=Explosion Kills Dozens at Shiite Mosque in Pakistan |date=30 January 2015|work=[[New York Times]]}}</ref>
|| 55+
|| 59+
|-
| {{Flagicon|France}} [[France]]
|| February 3
|| [[2015 Nice stabbing]] – A man wielding a knife, named Moussa Coulibaly, attacked three soldiers, guarding a Jewish community center in [[Nice]].<ref>{{cite news|last1=Rubin|first1=Alissa|title=Assailant Near Louvre Is Shot by French Soldier|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/02/03/world/europe/louvre-paris-shooting-soldier.html?_r=1|access-date=15 February 2017|work=New York Times|date=3 February 2017}}</ref>
||0
||2
|-
| {{Flagicon|Pakistan}} [[Pakistan]]
|| February 13
|| Heavily armed militants killed at least 19 people and wounded more than 40 after they stormed into a Shiite mosque during Friday Prayer in a suburb of Peshawar.<ref>{{cite news|first=Ismail|last=Khan |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/02/14/world/asia/suicide-attackers-stage-deadly-assault-on-pakistani-mosque.html?_r=0 |title=Suicide Attackers Kill 19 in Assault on a Shiite Mosque in Pakistan |date=13 February 2015|work=[[New York Times]]}}</ref>
||19
||40+
|-
| Denmark
|| February 14–15
|| [[2015 Copenhagen shootings]]. A gunman opened fire at the Krudttoenden café and later at the Great Synagogue in [[Copenhagen]], killing two civilians and injuring five others.<ref>{{cite news|first=Heather|last=Saul |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/three-police-shot-in-copenhagen-during-blasphemy-debate-as-french-ambassador-speaks-10046360.html |title=Copenhagen shooting: One dead and three police shot during blasphemy debate organised by cartoonist Lars Vilk |date=14 February 2015|work=[[The Independent]]}}</ref>
||2
||5
|-
| {{Flagicon|Pakistan}} [[Pakistan]]
|| March 15
|| Suicide bombers kill at least 15 people in attacks on two churches in Lahore.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://news.yahoo.com/twin-blasts-near-church-wound-27-eastern-pakistan-074230869.html | title=Suicide bombers kill 15 people outside Pakistani churches | date=March 16, 2015 | access-date=April 2, 2015 | publisher=news.yahoo.com | archive-date=March 29, 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160329160339/http://news.yahoo.com/twin-blasts-near-church-wound-27-eastern-pakistan-074230869.html }}</ref>
||15
||
|-
| Tunisia
|| March 18
|| [[Bardo National Museum attack]]. Militants linked to [[Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant]] (ISIL) attack the Bardo National Museum with guns, killing 21 people and injuring around 50.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.foxnews.com/world/2015/03/18/shots-reportedly-fired-near-major-tunisian-museum/|title=2 gunmen killed following deadly Tunisian museum attack that left 21 dead|work=Fox News}}</ref>
|| 21
|| 50+
|-
| {{Flagicon|Yemen}} [[Yemen]]
|| March 20
|| [[March 2015 Sanaa mosque bombings|2015 Sana'a mosque bombings]]. 142 killed in bombings on several Shia mosques by ISIL.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/mar/21/yemen-mosque-bombings-enemies-of-life-president-abedrabbo-mansour-hadi-houthi-isis-al-qaida|title=Yemen mosque bombings 'could only be done by the enemies of life' – president|work=The Guardian}}</ref>
|| 142
|| 351
|-
| {{Flagicon|Libya}} [[Libya]]
|| March 25
|| ISIL affiliates, [[Shura Council of Benghazi Revolutionaries|The Shura Council of Benghazi Revolutionaries in Libya]] carried out suicide bombings in the city of [[Benghazi]]. Twelve were killed and 25 wounded. Five additional dead during attacks with a local militia.<ref name="bsubi">[https://news.yahoo.com/islamic-state-affiliate-claims-libya-bombings-killed-12-080614599.html "Islamic State group car bomb, clashes leave 17 dead in Libya"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160329160338/http://news.yahoo.com/islamic-state-affiliate-claims-libya-bombings-killed-12-080614599.html |date=March 29, 2016 }}, news.yahoo.com. retrieved April 26, 2015.</ref>
||12
||25
|-
| {{Flagicon|Kenya}} [[Kenya]]
|| April 2
|| 148 people – most of them Christian students – killed in Al-Shabaab's [[Garissa University College attack]] before [[Easter]] weekend Holidays.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/kenya/11513626/Kenya-attack-147-dead-as-Islamist-gunmen-target-Christian-students.html|title=Kenya attack: 147 dead as Islamist gunmen target Christian students|website=Telegraph.co.uk|access-date=2016-03-28}}</ref><ref>[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-32169080 Kenya attack: Garissa University assault 'killed 147'], BBC.com, April 2, 2015. Accessed April 2, 2015</ref>
||148
|| 79
|-
| {{Flagicon|Saudi Arabia}} [[Saudi Arabia]]
|| April 8
|| In the city of [[Riyadh]] two policemen are shot dead. ISIL is blamed to be behind the attack.<ref name="srn">[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-saudi-security-idUSKBN0MZ0W220150408 "Two Saudi policemen shot dead in Riyadh"], retrieved April 26, 2015.</ref><ref name="alnspr">[http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2015/04/saudi-arabia-blames-isil-killing-police-officers-150424135504283.html "Saudi Arabia blames ISIL for killing police officers"], retrieved April 26, 2015.</ref>
||2
||
|-
| {{Flagicon|Iraq}} [[Iraq]]
|| April 17
|| A series of bombings by the ISIL occurred through [[Baghdad]]. 40+ killed 59+ injured.<ref name="bbis">[https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/wave-bombings-kills-29-people-iraqi-capital-30392600 "Wave of Bombings Kills 40 People in Iraqi Capital"], retrieved 18 April.</ref>
|| 40+
|| 59+
|-
| {{Flagicon|Iraq}} [[Iraq]]
|| April 17
|| A car bomb exploded at the entrance of the US consulate in [[Erbil]], Iraq. ISIL took credit for the attack. 3 killed 5 wounded.<ref name="bomberb">[http://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-04-18/is-claims-responsibility-for-deadly-car-bomb-blast-in-erbil/6402732 "Erbil car bomb blast kills three near US consulate, cafes; Islamic State claims responsibility"], retrieved April 18, 2015.</ref>
|| 3
|| 5
|-
| {{Flagicon|Afghanistan}} [[Afghanistan]]
|| April 18
|| A suicide bomb detonated in front of a bank in [[Jalalabad]], Afghanistan. ISIL claims responsibility. 33 killed 100+ injured.<ref name="jabis">[https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/afghanistan/11547195/Islamic-State-claim-responsibility-for-Jalalabad-bomb-in-first-Afghanistan-attack.html "Islamic State claim responsibility for Jalalabad bomb in first Afghanistan attack "], retrieved April 18, 2015.</ref>
|| 33
|| 100+
|-
| {{Flagicon|Somalia}} [[Somalia]]
|| April 20
|| A minivan of [[UN]] workers was bombed by [[Al-Shabaab (militant group)|Al-Shabaab]] in the [[Puntland]] region of Somalia. 9 dead 4 injured.<ref name="alsp">[https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/apr/20/al-shabaab-suspected-of-bomb-attack-on-un-workers-in-somalia "Al-Shabaab bombs UN workers in Somalia"], retrieved April 21, 2015.</ref>
|| 9
|| 4
|-
| Bosnia and Herzegovina
|| April 27
|| A radical Islamist [[Zvornik police station shooting|opened fire at a police station]] in the city of [[Zvornik]] in [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]]. A police officer was killed, two others were injured, and the attacker was killed by police.<ref name="bihrs">[http://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-bosnia-police-attack-idUKKBN0NI25J20150427 Reuters-Gunman kills Bosnian policeman in apparent Islamist attack], retrieved April 27, 2015.</ref>
||2
||2
|-
| {{Flagicon|Iraq}} [[Iraq]]
|| May 3
|| Two car bombs were detonated ten minutes apart in [[Baghdad]], Iraq. Nineteen were killed and an unknown number wounded. ISIL claimed responsibility for the attacks.<ref name="isgyn">[https://news.yahoo.com/group-claims-iraq-car-bomb-attack-killed-19-080818305.html "IS group claims Iraq car bomb attack that killed 19"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160329160333/http://news.yahoo.com/group-claims-iraq-car-bomb-attack-killed-19-080818305.html |date=March 29, 2016 }}, news.yahoo.com. Retrieved May 21, 2015.</ref>
|| 19
||
|-
| {{Flagicon|United States}} [[United States]]
|| May 3
|| Two gunmen [[Curtis Culwell Center attack|attacked the Curtis Culwell Center]] during a 'Draw Muhammad' cartoon art exhibit in [[Garland, Texas]]. 2 dead (perpetrators) 1 injured.<ref name="esisiss">[http://edition.cnn.com/2015/05/04/us/garland-mohammed-drawing-contest-shooting/index.html "Garland, Texas, shooting suspect linked himself to ISIS in tweets"], Retrieved May 4, 2015.</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/national/archive/2015/05/a-terror-attack-in-texas/392288/|title=A Terror Attack in Texas|author=Adam Chandler|work=The Atlantic|access-date=April 23, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=CNN.com - Transcripts |url=http://www.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/1505/04/acd.01.html |website=www.cnn.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/northamerica/usa/11581345/Islamic-State-supporters-claim-responsibility-for-Texas-attack.html|title=Texas shooting: Islamic State claims responsibility for first US attack as gunmen named|date=May 4, 2015|work=Telegraph.co.uk|access-date=April 23, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2015/05/05/report-islamic-state-claims-credit-for-texas-attack/|title=Islamic State claims responsibility for Texas attack outside Muhammad cartoon show|author=Lindsey Bever|date=May 5, 2015|newspaper=The Washington Post|access-date=April 23, 2016}}</ref>
|| 2
|| 1
|-
| {{Flagicon|Afghanistan}} [[Afghanistan]]
|| May 3
|| Taliban militants overran checkpoints in [[Warduj]], killing 17 policemen.<ref name="latafispk">[https://www.latimes.com/world/middleeast/la-fg-afghanistan-taliban-attack-peace-talks-20150504-story.html "Taliban attack kills 17 Afghan police during peace talks in Qatar"], Retrieved May 21, 2015.</ref>
|| 17
||
|-
| {{Flagicon|Afghanistan}} [[Afghanistan]]
|| May 4
|| A government bus was attacked by a suicide bomber in [[Kabul]], killing one person and injuring 15 others.<ref name="gvistk">[https://web.archive.org/web/20150505181224/http://www.hindustantimes.com/world-news/suicide-bomb-attack-rocks-afghanistan-s-capital-kabul/article1-1343707.aspx "Suicide bomb attack on Kabul bus kills one, injures 15"], hindustantimes.com. Retrieved May 21, 2015.</ref>
|| 1
|| 15
|-
| {{Flagicon|Iraq}} [[Iraq]]
|| May 10
|| Two car bombs were detonated ten minutes apart in [[Baghdad]], Iraq and surrounding towns of [[Taji]] and [[Tarmiyah]]. ISIL claims responsibility. 14 were killed and wounding 30.<ref name="isbtajtark">[https://news.yahoo.com/bombings-kill-least-8-outside-iraqi-capital-baghdad-113105934.html "Bombings kill at least 14 in, outside Baghdad"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160329160329/http://news.yahoo.com/bombings-kill-least-8-outside-iraqi-capital-baghdad-113105934.html |date=March 29, 2016 }}, news.yahoo.com. Retrieved May 21, 2015.</ref>
|| 14
|| 30
|-
| {{Flagicon|Afghanistan}} [[Afghanistan]]
|| May 10
|| A bus carrying Afghan government employees was attacked in [[Kabul]] by a suicide bomber, killing 3 people and injuring 10. Taliban claimed responsibility.<ref name="tcrkgbb">[http://www.timesofmalta.com/articles/view/20150511/world/three-die-as-taliban-suicide-bombing-targets-second-bus-in-kabul-in-a.567725 "Three die as Taliban suicide bombing targets second bus in Kabul in a week"], Retrieved May 21, 2015.</ref>
|| 3
|| 10
|-
| {{Flagicon|Pakistan}} [[Pakistan]]
|| May 13
|| A bus carrying [[Shia Islam|Shia]] Muslims was attacked by six armed gunman who rode up in motorcycles. Several Islamist groups claim responsibility. 45 dead 13 injured.<ref name="cnniskillshp">[http://edition.cnn.com/2015/05/13/asia/pakistan-bus-attack/ "Gunmen in Pakistan kill 43 in attack on bus carrying religious minority"], Retrieved May 21, 2015.</ref>
|| 45
|| 13
|-
| {{Flagicon|Afghanistan}} [[Afghanistan]]
|| May 14
|| A hotel that was hosting a cultural event was attacked by Taliban fighters in [[Kabul]] leaving 14 dead including an American, an Italian, and 4 Indians.<ref name="14dbtalcnn">[http://edition.cnn.com/2015/05/14/asia/afghanistan-kabul-hotel-attack/ "Death toll in Kabul hotel attack rises to 14; Taliban claim responsibility"], Retrieved May 21, 2015.</ref>
|| 14
||
|-
| {{Flagicon|Afghanistan}} [[Afghanistan]]
|| May 17
|| A Taliban suicide attack near the entrance of [[Hamid Karzai International Airport]] targeting a European police training vehicle. 3 dead 18 injured.<ref name="hkiasbatal">[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-32771099 "Taliban suicide attack kills three near Kabul airport"], Retrieved May 21, 2015.</ref>
|| 3
|| 18
|-
| {{Flagicon|Afghanistan}} [[Afghanistan]]
|| May 19
|| A suicide car bombing detonated in the parking lot of a [[Ministry of Justice (Afghanistan)|Justice Ministry]] building in the diplomatic section of [[Kabul]], killing 4 people wounding 42.<ref name="jmbkab">[https://news.yahoo.com/afghan-official-huge-blast-kabul-casualties-expected-122008353.html "Taliban suicide car bombing in Afghan capital kills 4 people"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160329160325/http://news.yahoo.com/afghan-official-huge-blast-kabul-casualties-expected-122008353.html |date=March 29, 2016 }}, news.yahoo.com. Retrieved May 21, 2015.</ref>
|| 4
|| 42
|-
| {{Flagicon|Libya}} [[Libya]]
|| May 21
|| A suicide bomber detonated his explosives at a military checkpoint outside of [[Misrata]] killing himself and two guards.<ref name="mscbkt">[http://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/africa/2015/05/21/ISIS-claims-suicide-bombing-in-Libya-s-Misrata-.html "ISIS claims suicide bombing in Libya's Misrata "], Retrieved June 20, 2015.</ref>
||3
||
|-
| {{Flagicon|Saudi Arabia}} [[Saudi Arabia]]
|| May 22
|| A suicide bomber attacked a Shia mosque during prayer in the al-Qadeeh village. ISIL claimed responsibility for the attack. 21 dead +90 injured.<ref name="isksash">[https://news.yahoo.com/suicide-bomber-strikes-saudi-shiite-mosque-several-casualties-101937898.html "Suicide bomber kills 21 at Saudi Shi'ite mosque, Islamic State claims attack], news.yahoo.com. Retrieved June 20, 2015.</ref>
|| 21
|| 90+
|-
| {{Flagicon|Afghanistan}} [[Afghanistan]]
|| May 25
|| Taliban militants killed 19 policemen and six soldiers during a siege at a police compound in [[Nawzad District]] of Afghanistan.<ref name="tkpndm">[http://www.ibtimes.com/dozens-killed-taliban-lay-siege-afghan-police-compound-1937132 "Dozens Killed As Taliban Lay Siege To Afghan Police Compound"], Retrieved June 20, 2015.</ref>
||25
||
|-
| {{Flagicon|Kenya}} [[Kenya]]
|| May 26
|| Al-Shabaab militants attacked two police patrols which turned into a gun battle north of Garissa, 5 police officers were injured but they were able to kill both of the attackers.<ref name="laspgb">[https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/may/26/at-least-20-kenyan-police-killed-in-suspected-al-shabaab-attack "Kenyan police attacked by al-Shabaab gunmen"], Retrieved June 20, 2015.</ref>
||2
||5
|-
| {{Flagicon|Iraq}} [[Iraq]]
|| May 28
|| Two car bombs were set off minutes apart targeting the Cristal Grand Ishtar Hotel and the Babylon. 10 killed and 30 wounded.<ref>{{cite news |title=Bombs outside two five-star Baghdad hotels kill at least 10 |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-baghdad-bombs/bombs-outside-two-five-star-baghdad-hotels-kill-at-least-10-idUKKBN0OD2UT20150528 |work=Reuters |date=28 May 2015 |language=en}}</ref>
|| 10
|| 30
|-
| {{Flagicon|Saudi Arabia}} [[Saudi Arabia]]
|| May 29
|| A suicide bomber attacked a Shia mosque in [[Dammam]] detonating the bomb in the parking lot. 4 killed, unknown injured.<ref name="dampfkui">[https://news.yahoo.com/suicide-bomber-attacks-shiite-mosque-saudi-kills-4-110146063.html# "IS claims suicide bombing on Shiite mosque in Saudi, 4 dead"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160329160321/http://news.yahoo.com/suicide-bomber-attacks-shiite-mosque-saudi-kills-4-110146063.html |date=March 29, 2016 }}, news.yahoo.com. Retrieved June 20, 2015.</ref>
|| 4
||
|-
| {{Flagicon|Iraq}} [[Iraq]]
|| June 1
|| Three suicide bombers in humvees attacked an Iraqi police station in the [[Tharthar]] region in Northern [[Al Anbar Governorate]]. 41 dead, 63 wounded.<ref name="tanbirskw">[https://news.yahoo.com/suicide-attacks-iraqs-anbar-kills-30-troops-134853996.html "Suicide attacks in Iraq's Anbar kill 41 from security forces"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160329160320/http://news.yahoo.com/suicide-attacks-iraqs-anbar-kills-30-troops-134853996.html |date=March 29, 2016 }}, news.yahoo.com. Retrieved June 20, 2015.</ref>
|| 41
|| 63
|-
| {{Flagicon|Turkey}} [[Turkey]]
|| June 5
|| [[2015 Diyarbakır rally bombings]] – Twin bombing of a [[Peoples' Democratic Party (Turkey)|Peoples' Democratic Party]] (HDP) rally. 4 dead, over 100 injured.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/twin-bomb-blasts-kill-2-injure-over-100-at-milestone-rally-of-turkeys-hdp.aspx?pageID=238&nID=83557&NewsCatID=341|title=Twin bomb blasts kill 2, injure over 100 at milestone rally of Turkey's HDP – LOCAL|access-date=April 23, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/fourth-victim-dies-from-attack-on-turkey-party-rally.aspx?pageID=238&nID=83940&NewsCatID=335|title=Fourth victim dies from attack on Turkey party rally – Ana sayfa manset|access-date=April 23, 2016}}</ref>
||4
||100+
|-
| {{Flagicon|Iraq}} [[Iraq]]
|| June 13
|| Four suicide SUV car bombs went off in an Iraqi police station in the Hajjaj near Tikrit and Baiji. 11 dead, 27 injured.<ref name="fsbiibta">[https://news.yahoo.com/brit-german-among-bombers-deadly-iraq-attack-184224608.html "Brit, German among bombers in deadly Iraq attack"], news.yahoo.com. Retrieved June 20, 2015.</ref>
|| 11
|| 27
|-
| {{Flagicon|France}} [[France]]
|| June 26
|| [[Saint-Quentin-Fallavier attack]] – Beheading in a factory near Lyon, head marked with Arabic writing and Islamist flags. Gas canisters planted provoked a fire. 1 dead, 11 injured.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2015/06/26/europe/france-attack/index.html|title=Suspect detained after beheading, explosion in France|author=Laura Smith-Spark and Greg Botelho|date=June 26, 2015|publisher=CNN|access-date=April 23, 2016}}</ref>
|| 1
|| 11
|-
| Tunisia
|| June 26
|| [[2015 Sousse attacks]] – A gunman, named Seifeddine Rezgui, attacked a hotel targeting the European tourists staying there.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.france24.com/en/20150626-tunisia-deadly-shooting-beach-resort-gunmen|title=Scores killed in terror attack on Tunisian beach resort|date=June 26, 2015|publisher=France 24}}</ref>
|| 38
|| 39
|-
|| {{Flagicon|Nigeria}} [[Nigeria]]
|| June 26–30
|| Boko Haram kills at least 200 people as they gun down and bomb villages, mosques, and other public space.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://america.aljazeera.com/articles/2015/7/2/dozens-killed-while-praying-in-latest-boko-haram-attacks.html|title=Scores Killed in Latest Boko Haram Attacks|date=2 July 2015 |publisher=Al Jazeera America|access-date=April 23, 2016}}</ref>
||200
||
|-
| {{Flagicon|Nigeria}} [[Nigeria]]
|| July 5
|| Two bombs explode at an elite restaurant and mosque, killing at least 15 people in [[Jos]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://america.aljazeera.com/articles/2015/7/5/twin-blasts-hit-central-nigerian-city.html|title=Twin Blasts Hit Central Nigerian City |publisher=Al Jazeera America|date=5 July 2015|access-date=April 23, 2016}}</ref>
|| 15+
||
|-
| {{Flagicon|Nigeria}} [[Nigeria]]
|| July 7
|| A bomb explodes in a government office in [[Zaria]], killing 20 people.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://america.aljazeera.com/articles/2015/7/7/bomb-kills-20-in-northern-nigeria.html|title=Bomb Kills 20 in Northern Nigeria |publisher=Al Jazeera America|date=7 July 2015|access-date=April 23, 2016}}</ref>
|| 20
||
|-
| Cameroon
|| July 13
|| 2 suicide bombers explode in a bar in the town of [[Fotokol]] and kill 13 people, including a soldier from Chad who was killed in the second explosion.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://america.aljazeera.com/articles/2015/7/13/two-suicide-attacks-in-cameroon-kill-more-than-a-dozen.html|title=Suicide Attacks in Cameroon Kill More Than a Dozen |publisher=Al Jazeera America|date=13 July 2015|access-date=April 23, 2016}}</ref>
||15
||
|-
| {{Flagicon|United States}} [[United States]]
|| July 16
|| A civilian [[2015 Chattanooga shootings|opened fire]] on two military installations in Chattanooga, Tennessee, killing 5 military personnel.<ref>{{cite web|author=Kristina Sgueglia|url=http://www.cnn.com/2015/12/16/us/chattanooga-shooting-terrorist-inspiration/|title=Chattanooga shootings 'inspired' by terrorists, FBI chief says|work=[[CNN]]|date=December 16, 2015|access-date=December 16, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151219115633/http://www.cnn.com/2015/12/16/us/chattanooga-shooting-terrorist-inspiration|archive-date=December 19, 2015|url-status=live|df=mdy-all}}</ref>
|| 5
||
|-
| {{Flagicon|Nigeria}} [[Nigeria]]
|| July 17
|| Two Nigerian towns are attacked by two suicide bombers, killing 62 people.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://america.aljazeera.com/articles/2015/7/17/suicide-bombs-kill-64-in-nigeria.html|title=Suicide Bombs Kill 64 in Nigeria |publisher=Al Jazeera America|date=17 July 2015|access-date=April 23, 2016}}</ref>
|| 62
||
|-
| {{Flagicon|Turkey}} [[Turkey]]
|| July 20
|| [[2015 Suruç bombing]] Suicide bombing killed 33 people and injured 104 in Kurdish majority city of [[Suruç]]. [[ISIL]] claims responsibility.<ref name=ntvc>{{cite news|title=Suruç'ta ölenlerin sayısı 32'ye yükseldi|url=http://www.ntv.com.tr/turkiye/suructa-olenlerin-sayisi-32ye-yukseldi,BNZ2kTA7dUG-D1jkN1S93w|publisher=NTV|access-date=21 July 2015|language=tr}}</ref>
|| 33
|| 104
|-
| {{Flagicon|Nigeria}} [[Nigeria]]
|| July 22
|| A series of explosions at two bus stations in Gombe kill about 40 people.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://america.aljazeera.com/articles/2015/7/22/more-than-40-feared-dead-after-bomb-blasts-in-nigeria.html|title=Over 40 Feared Dead After Bomb Blasts in Nigeria |publisher=Al Jazeera America|date=22 July 2015|access-date=April 23, 2016}}</ref>
||40
||
|-
| Cameroon
|| July 26
|| A suicide bomber kills at least 14 people at a popular nightclub in Maruoa, just three days after 2 suicide bombers killed 20 people in the same town.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2015/07/suicide-bomber-strikes-cameroon-night-spot-150726024720051.html|title='Female' suicide bomber strikes Cameroon night spot|access-date=April 23, 2016}}</ref>
||15
||
|-
| {{Flagicon|India}} [[India]]
|| July 27
|| [[2015 Gurdaspur attack]] Three Islamic terrorists of Pakistani origin from Indian-administrated Kashmir disguised in army uniforms attacked the Dina Nagar police station in Gurdaspur District of Punjab, India. The attack resulted in the deaths of 3 policemen, 4 civilians and 15 others were injured. All 3 attackers were killed by the Indian security forces.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-33671593|title=Gurdaspur attack: Ten killed in Indian police station siege|publisher=BBC News|access-date=April 23, 2016}}</ref>
||10
||15
|-
| {{Flagicon|Nigeria}} [[Nigeria]]
|| August 11
|| 47 people are killed as explosions erupt at a crowded market in the town of Sabon Gari.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://america.aljazeera.com/articles/2015/8/11/blast-kills-50-in-nigerias-borno-state.html|title=Blast Kills 50 People in Nigeria's Borno State |publisher=Al Jazeera America|date=11 August 2015|access-date=April 23, 2016}}</ref>
||47
||
|-
| {{Flagicon|Iraq}} [[Iraq]]
|| August 13
|| [[August 2015 Baghdad bombing]] A truck bomb in a Baghdad market killed more than 70 and injures 200.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/aug/13/truck-bomb-leaves-scores-dead-at-market-in-iraq|title=Isis bombing leaves scores dead at market in Baghdad|author=Martin Chulov|work=The Guardian|access-date=April 23, 2016}}</ref>
||70+
||200
|-
| {{Flagicon|France}} [[France]]
|| August 21
|| [[2015 Thalys train attack]] Shooting and stabbing in train traveling from Amsterdam to Paris injures 5. The incident is believed by French police to be an Islamist terrorist attack.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/aug/22/europe-high-alert-french-train-attack|title=France train shooting: Europe on high alert after attack by armed gunman|author=Mark Townsend|work=The Guardian|access-date=April 23, 2016}}</ref>
||0
||5
|-
| {{Flagicon|Nigeria}} [[Nigeria]]
|| August 28–30
|| Boko Haram members massacre 79 people in 3 different Nigerian villages. 68 alone were killed in the village of Baanu.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://america.aljazeera.com/articles/2015/8/31/boko-haram-kills-nearly-80-in-3-nigerian-villages.html|title=Boko Haram Kills Nearly 80 in 3 Nigerian Villages |publisher=Al Jazeera America|date=31 August 2015|access-date=April 23, 2016}}</ref>
||79
||
|-
| {{Flagicon|Nigeria}} [[Nigeria]]
|| September 10
|| Explosion at a refugee camp for people fleeing Boko Haram kills at least 2.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://america.aljazeera.com/articles/2015/9/11/reports-at-least-2-dead-in-blast-at-nigeria-refugee-camp.html|title=Deadly Blast at Nigeria Refugee Camp |publisher=Al Jazeera America|date=11 September 2015|access-date=April 23, 2016}}</ref>
||2
||
|-
| {{Flagicon|Iraq}} [[Iraq]]
|| September 17
|| Two suicide bombings in [[Baghdad]] killed 10 and injured 55. ISIL claims responsibility.<ref>[http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2015/09/isil-suicide-bombings-strike-baghdad-150917110824995.html "ISIL suicide bombings strike Baghdad"], Al Jazeera. Retrieved September 17, 2015.</ref>
||12
||55
|-
| {{Flagicon|Nigeria}} [[Nigeria]]
|| September 21
|| At least 54 people were killed by multiple explosions in Nigeria.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://america.aljazeera.com/articles/2015/9/21/nigerian-city-maiduguri-rocked-by-three-blasts.html|title=Nigerian City of Maidugui Rocked by Three Blasts |publisher=Al Jazeera America|date=21 September 2015|access-date=April 23, 2016}}</ref>
||54
||
|-
| {{Flagicon|Yemen}} [[Yemen]]
|| September 24
|| A bomb attack on a Shia mosque in Sana'a killed 25 and injured dozens more during prayers for the Muslim holiday of Eid al-Adha. Claimed by ISIL.<ref>[https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/yemen/11887141/Deadly-blasts-hit-mosque-in-Yemen-killing-at-least-15-during-Eid-prayers.html "Deadly blast hits mosque in Yemen killing at least 25 during Eid prayers"], ''The Telegraph''. Retrieved September 24, 2015.</ref>
||25
||
|-
| Bangladesh
|| September 29
|| Three men on a motorbike shot and killed an Italian aid worker. The attack has been claimed by ISIL.<ref>[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-34389692 "Italian aid worker killed in Bangladesh 'by IS'"], BBC News. Retrieved September 29, 2015.</ref>
||1
||
|-
| {{Flagicon|Nigeria}} [[Nigeria]]
|| October 1
|| Multiple suicide bombings by Boko Haram in North-East Nigeria killed 14 people (including the bombers) and injured 39.<ref>[http://www.enca.com/africa/least-10-killed-suicide-attacks-ne-nigeria "At least 10 killed in suicide attacks in NE Nigeria "] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170801195335/http://www.enca.com/africa/least-10-killed-suicide-attacks-ne-nigeria |date=August 1, 2017 }}, Retrieved October 1, 2015.</ref>
||14
||39
|-
| {{Flagicon|Israel}} [[Israel]]
|| October 1
||Gunmen opened fire on a car near [[Nablus]] on the northern [[West Bank]], killing a man and woman. 4 of their 6 children were also in the car and witnessed the attack, but were uninjured. The attackers have been praised by Hamas.<ref>Judah Ari Gross & staff writers (October 1, 2015) [http://www.timesofisrael.com/two-seriously-wounded-in-west-bank-terror-attack/ "Israeli mother and father shot dead in West Bank terror attack"], ''Times of Israel'', Retrieved October 1, 2015.</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Levinson|first1=Chaim|title=Two Killed in Shooting Attack Near West Bank Settlement|url=http://www.haaretz.com/news/diplomacy-defense/1.678511|access-date=October 1, 2015|date=October 1, 2015}}</ref>
||2
||
|-
| {{Flagicon|Australia}} [[Australia]]
|| October 2
|| [[2015 Parramatta shooting]]. A [[NSW Police Force]] civilian employee was shot dead outside NSW Police Force headquarters on Charles Street, [[Parramatta]], Sydney by a 15-year-old lone gunman. The gunman then engaged with NSW Police Special Constables in a shootout before being killed, 2 dead.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/australiaandthepacific/australia/11909115/Sydney-shooting-carried-out-by-15-year-old-terrorist-say-police.html|title=Sydney shooting carried out by 15-year-old terrorist, say police|date=October 2, 2015 |work=Telegraph|access-date=October 3, 2015}}</ref>
||4
||
|-
| Bangladesh
|| October 3
|| A Japanese man was shot and killed in a similar fashion to an Italian aid worker killed 4 days earlier. The attack has been claimed by ISIL.<ref>[http://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-bangladesh-japan-killings-idUKKCN0RX06720151003 "Islamic State claims responsibility for killing Japanese man in Bangladesh"], Reuters. Retrieved October 3, 2015.</ref>
||1
||
|-
| {{Flagicon|Iraq}} [[Iraq]]
|| October 3
|| In [[Baghdad]], two suicide bombings in Shiite majority neighbourhoods kill at least 18 people and injure 61. Attack claimed by ISIL.<ref>[https://news.yahoo.com/iraqi-officials-suicide-bomber-baghdad-kills-10-152727737.html "IS group claims pair of deadly Baghdad suicide bombings"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160329160305/http://news.yahoo.com/iraqi-officials-suicide-bomber-baghdad-kills-10-152727737.html |date=March 29, 2016 }}, news.yahoo.com. Retrieved October 3, 2015.</ref>
||20
||61
|-
| {{Flagicon|Afghanistan}} [[Afghanistan]]
|| October 5
|| Two suicide bombings in Kabul targeted an Afghan intelligence centre. 3 people were injured in the attack, claimed by the Taliban.<ref>[http://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/world/taliban-claim-responsibil/2172458.html "Taliban claim responsibility for suicide attack in Kabul"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151013041731/http://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/world/taliban-claim-responsibil/2172458.html |date=October 13, 2015 }}, channelnewsasia.com. Retrieved October 5, 2015.</ref>
||2
||3
|-
| {{Flagicon|Somalia}} [[Somalia]]
|| October 7
|| Militants of [[Al-Shabaab (militant group)|Al-Shabaab]] ambushed and killed the nephew of Somalia's president, [[Hassan Sheikh Mohamud]]. 2 dead.<ref>[https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/somalia/11917200/Islamist-al-Shabaab-gunmen-kill-nephew-of-Somalian-president-Hassan-Sheikh-Mohamoud.html "Islamist al-Shabaab gunmen kill nephew of Somalian president Hassan Sheikh Mohamoud"], ''Telegraph''. Retrieved October 7, 2015.</ref>
||2
||
|-
| {{Flagicon|Turkey}} [[Turkey]]
|| October 10
|| In the [[2015 Ankara bombings]] 109 people were killed and over 500 others injured. According to two high ranked sources in the Turkish security forces ISIL is most likely responsible.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-34495161|title=Ankara explosions leave almost 100 dead – officials|publisher=BBC News|access-date=April 23, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://in.reuters.com/article/turkey-explosion-islamic-state-idINKCN0S50JV20151011|title=Turkey sees Islamic State hand in bombing, vows election will go on|author1=Orhan Coskun |author2=Ece Toksabay |name-list-style=amp|date=October 11, 2015|publisher=Reuters India|access-date=April 23, 2016}}</ref>
||109
||500+
|-
| Chad
|| October 10
|| [[Baga Sola bombings|Multiple suicide bombings]] in Chad killed 33 people and injured 51. The attack is believed to be the work of Boko Haram.<ref>[https://www.reuters.com/article/2015/10/10/us-nigeria-violence-chad-idUSKCN0S40OJ20151010" Suspected Boko Haram suicide bombers kill 33 in Chad"]{{dead link|date=July 2021|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}, Reuters. Retrieved October 10, 2015.</ref>
||33
||51
|-
| {{Flagicon|Afghanistan}} [[Afghanistan]]
|| October 11
|| A bomb attack in Kabul, targeting a British military convoy injured 7 Afghan civilians. The attack has been claimed by the Taliban.<ref>[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-34498998" Taliban attack UK military convoy in Afghan capital Kabul"], BBC News. Retrieved October 11, 2015.</ref>
||0
||7
|-
| {{Flagicon|Nigeria}} [[Nigeria]]
|| October 22
|| 20 people were killed in the northeast state of Borno, Nigeria in a Boko Haram attack.<ref>[http://www.nation.co.ke/news/africa/Boko-Haram-kill-20-in-NE-Nigeria/-/1066/2924770/-/snojfaz/-/index.html" 20 shot dead by Boko Haram in NE Nigeria: locals"], nation.co.ke. Retrieved October 22, 2015.</ref>
||20
||
|-
| {{Flagicon|Nigeria}} [[Nigeria]]
|| October 23
|| Two separate mosques were attacked by suicide bombers, killing 42 in Nigeria.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://america.aljazeera.com/articles/2015/10/23/blasts-kill-dozens-in-nigeria.html|title=Blasts Kill 42 in Two Nigerian Mosques |publisher=Al Jazeera America|date=23 October 2015|access-date=April 23, 2016}}</ref>
||42
||
|-
| Niger
|| October 28
|| Boko Haram militants attack a village in Niger, gunning down 13 people and allegedly burning down houses and cars during the rampage.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://america.aljazeera.com/articles/2015/10/28/suspected-boko-haram-fighters-kill-13-people-in-niger.html|title=Boko Haram Fighters Kill 13 People in Niger – Al Jazeera America|access-date=April 23, 2016}}</ref>
||13
||
|-
| {{Flagicon|Egypt}} [[Egypt]]
|| October 31
|| [[Metrojet Flight 9268|Bomb on board a Russian jet]] brings it down in Sinai, bound for St Petersburg, killing 224 people.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/2015/11/07/middleeast/russian-plane-crash-egypt-sinai/index.html|title=U.S. official: '99.9% certain' bomb on Metrojet flight|author=Barbara Starr, Steve Almasy and Ray Sanchez|date=November 7, 2015|publisher=CNN|access-date=April 23, 2016}}</ref>
||224
||
|-
| {{Flagicon|Lebanon}} [[Lebanon]]
|| November 12
|| [[2015 Beirut bombings|Twin suicide bombings]] kill 42 people in the capital city of Beirut.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-34805466|title=Lebanon holds day of mourning after deadly Beirut blasts|publisher=BBC News|access-date=April 23, 2016}}</ref>
||42
||
|-
| {{Flagicon|France}} [[France]]
|| November 13
|| [[November 2015 Paris attacks|A series of terrorist attacks in Paris]] kill 137, and wound 416. They involved a series of coordinated attacks which consisted of mass shootings and suicide bombings. This incident was the most fatal event on French soil since [[World War II]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/2015/11/13/world/paris-shooting/|title=Paris massacre: At least 128 die in attacks|author=Steve Almasy, Pierre Meilhan and Jim Bittermann|date=November 13, 2015|publisher=CNN|access-date=April 23, 2016}}</ref>
||137
||416
|-
| {{Flagicon|Iraq}} [[Iraq]]
|| November 13
|| A suicide bomber killed at least 21 at a Shia funeral.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://america.aljazeera.com/articles/2015/11/13/suicide-bomber-kills-at-least-21-in-baghdad.html|title=Suicide Bomber Kills at Least 21 in Baghdad |publisher=Al Jazeera America|date=13 November 2015|access-date=April 23, 2016}}</ref>
||21
||
|-
| {{Flagicon|Philippines}} [[Philippines]]
|| November 17
|| A Malaysian national is beheaded by [[Abu Sayyaf]] in the southern Philippines.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/sdut-malaysia-sickened-by-citizens-beheading-in-2015nov18-story.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190609161625/https://www.latimes.com/sdut-malaysia-sickened-by-citizens-beheading-in-2015nov18-story.html|archive-date=9 June 2019|title=Malaysia 'sickened' by citizen's beheading in Philippines|date=18 November 2015|agency=AP|work=Los Angeles Times|access-date=April 23, 2016}}</ref>
||1
||
|-
| {{Flagicon|Nigeria}} [[Nigeria]]
|| November 17
|| A suicide attack at a market in [[Yola, Nigeria|Yola]] killed more than 30 people and hospitalised more than 80. The attack is thought to be the work of Boko Haram.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-34852971|title=Nigeria blast: Yola market explosion kills 30|publisher=BBC News|access-date=April 23, 2016}}</ref>
||30+
||80+
|-
| Bosnia and Herzegovina
|| November 18
|| A lone wolf Islamist killed two soldiers and injured civilians in Sarajevo. 3 dead 5 wounded.<ref>[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-34866890 "'Islamist' gunman kills two Bosnian soldiers in Sarajevo"], BBC News. Retrieved November 22, 2015.</ref>
||3
||5
|-
| {{Flagicon|Nigeria}} [[Nigeria]]
|| November 18
|| Two explosions rock a phone market in [[Kano, Nigeria|Kano]] killing at least 15 people and injuring more than 100. Boko Haram is suspected to be behind it.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://america.aljazeera.com/articles/2015/11/18/suicide-bombers-strike-nigeria-market.html|title=Bombers Kill at Least 15 People in Nigeria |publisher=Al Jazeera America|date=18 November 2015|access-date=April 23, 2016}}</ref>
||15
||100+
|-
| {{Flagicon|Iraq}} [[Iraq]]
|| November 20
|| A Suicide bomber detonates inside a Shiite mosque killing 10 people, other bombings in the area killed another 5 people.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/suicide-blast-bombing-strike-baghdad-shiite-mosque-kill-35320193|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151121072119/http://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/suicide-blast-bombing-strike-baghdad-shiite-mosque-kill-35320193|archive-date=21 November 2015|title=Suicide Blast, Bombings Strike Baghdad, Killing 15|publisher=ABC News|agency=AP|date=20 November 2015|author=Qassim Abdul-Zahra|access-date=April 23, 2016}}</ref>
||11
||5
|-
| Cameroon
|| November 21
|| Suicide bombers affiliated with Boko Haram kill at least 10 in northern Cameroon.<ref>{{cite news|title=Suicide attack in Cameroon kills at least 10|url=http://america.aljazeera.com/articles/2015/11/21/suicide-attack-in-cameroon-kills-at-least-10.html|access-date=21 November 2015|publisher=Al Jazeera America|agency=[[Reuters]]|date=21 November 2015}}</ref>
||10
||
|-
| {{Flagicon|Nigeria}} [[Nigeria]]
|| November 22
|| 8 people among women and children demise when a female suicide bomber is reduced to pulp.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.yahoo.com/eight-killed-ne-nigeria-suicide-bombing-relief-agency-191507966.html|title=Eight killed in NE Nigeria suicide bombing: relief agency|publisher=Yahoo News|access-date=April 23, 2016}}</ref>
||8
||
|-
| Tunisia
|| November 24
|| At least 14 people were killed in a [[2015 Tunis bombing|bus bombing in Tunis]], the capital of [[Tunisia]]. ISIL claimed responsibility for this attack that targeted a bus transporting members of the Presidential Guard.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/least-11-killed-after-explosion-tunisian-capital-1102255450|title=State of emergency declared after 14 killed in Tunis bus attack|date=November 24, 2015|work=middleeasteye}}</ref>
||14
||11
|-
| {{Flagicon|Egypt}} [[Egypt]]
|| November 24
|| In the [[November 2015 Sinai attack]] which occurred a day after the second round of parliamentary elections closed, militants attack a hotel housing election judges in the provincial capital of al-Arish in Egypt's North Sinai. 7 dead, 10+ wounded<ref>[http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2015/11/isil-claims-deadly-attack-egypt-sinai-151125053414593.html "ISIL claims deadly attack in Egypt's Sinai"], Al Jazeera. Retrieved November 25, 2015.</ref>
||7
||10+
|-
| Niger
|| November 25
|| Boko Haram invades a village and shoots indiscriminately residents and also fire rockets, killing 18.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/niger-says-boko-haram-gunmen-kill-18-border-village-n470186|title=Niger says Boko Haram Gunmen Kill 18 in Border Village|publisher=NBC News|access-date=April 23, 2016}}</ref>
||18
||
|-
| {{Flagicon|Nigeria}} [[Nigeria]]
|| November 27
|| 21 killed in Boko Haram suicide attack on a Shia procession in Nigeria<ref>{{cite web |title=21 Killed As Suicide Bomber Hits Shi'ite Procession In Nigeria |url=https://www.huffpost.com/archive/in/entry/suicide-bomber-hits-shiite-procession-in-nigeria-21-killed_n_8668454 |website=HuffPost |language=en |date=28 November 2015}}</ref>
||22
||
|-
| {{Flagicon|Egypt}} [[Egypt]]
|| November 28
|| Islamist gunmen killed four security personnel in an attack at a police checkpoint in Saqqara. 4 dead<ref>[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-egypt-gunmen-idUSKBN0TH04U20151128#ur1Zegle8cKoym54.97 "Gunmen kill four Egypt security personnel south of Cairo"], Reuters. Retrieved December 3, 2015.</ref>
||4
||
|-
| Mali
|| November 28
|| Militants fired rockets on a [[MINUSMA]] peacekeeping forces base in northern Mali. [[Ansar Dine]] claimed responsibility. 3 dead, 20 wounded.<ref>Serge Daniel, [https://news.yahoo.com/mali-rocket-attack-kills-three-un-un-sources-095644752.html "Three dead in rocket attack on UN base in north Mali"], AFP. Retrieved December 3, 2015.</ref>
||3
||20
|-
| {{Flagicon|United States}} [[United States]]
|| December 2
|| In the [[2015 San Bernardino attack]], married couple [[Rizwan Farook and Tashfeen Malik]] shot and killed 14 people and injured 22 others in a killing spree that the FBI was investigating as "act of terrorism".<ref>{{cite news|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2015/12/04/us/san-bernardino-shooting/index.html|title=San Bernardino attack investigated as act of terrorism|author=Greg Botelho and Ralph Ellis|date=December 4, 2015|publisher=CNN|access-date=April 23, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/12/05/us/tashfeen-malik-islamic-state.html|title=F.B.I. Treating San Bernardino Attack as Terrorism Case|last=Schmidt|first=Michael|work=New York Times|date=4 December 2015|access-date=5 December 2015}}</ref>
||14
||22
|-
| Chad
|| December 5
|| Four female suicide bombers from the militant [[Islamist]] group [[Boko Haram]] attacked the Chadian island of Koulfoua on [[Lake Chad]], killing at least 15 people and injuring 130.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-nigeria-violence-chad-idUSKBN0TO0FM20151205#qXbaF6WM1guP5raB.97 |title=Chad says suicide blasts kill at least 15 in Lake Chad|last=Nako|first=Madjiasara|publisher=Reuters|date=5 December 2015|access-date=5 December 2015}}</ref>
||19
||130+
|-
| {{Flagicon|Yemen}} [[Yemen]]
|| December 6
|| The governor of the southern port city of [[Aden]] in [[Yemen]], [[Jaafar Mohammed Saad]], was killed in a car bomb attack. The assassination was claimed by ISIL.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/dec/06/governor-of-aden-in-yemen-killed-in-explosion-say-officials|title=Isis claims responsibility for assassinating governor of Aden |work=The Guardian|date=6 December 2015|access-date=6 December 2015}}</ref>
||1
||
|-
| {{Flagicon|Afghanistan}} [[Afghanistan]]
|| December 8
|| In the [[2015 Kandahar Airport attack]]s several Taliban members attacked the Kandahar Airport and surrounding area. 70+ killed, 35 injured.<ref>[http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2015/12/taliban-kills-scores-ongoing-kandahar-airport-attack-151209153246413.html "Taliban kills scores in Kandahar airport attack"], Retrieved December 16, 2015.</ref><ref name="BBC News 2015">{{cite news |title=Afghan Taliban kill dozens at Kandahar airport |publisher=BBC News |date=2015-12-09 |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-35043938 |access-date=2016-01-17}}</ref>
||70+
||35
|-
| {{Flagicon|Egypt}} [[Egypt]]
|| December 8
|| An explosive device by Islamists targeting a military convoy went off in [[Rafah, Egypt|Rafah]]. 4 dead 4 injured.<ref>[http://www.upi.com/Top_News/World-News/2015/12/08/Bomb-attack-kills-four-Egyptian-security-personnel-in-North-Sinai/4021449622446/ "Bomb attack kills four Egyptian security personnel in North Sinai"], UPI. Retrieved December 13, 2015.</ref>
||4
||4
|-
| {{Flagicon|Iraq}} [[Iraq]]
|| December 9
|| A suicide bomber detonated his explosives in the doorway of a Shiite mosque. 11+ dead 20 injured.<ref>[https://news.yahoo.com/suicide-attack-shiite-mosque-baghdad-kills-11-114336573.html "Iraqis eye next steps in Ramadi as IS claims Baghdad bombing"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160329160246/http://news.yahoo.com/suicide-attack-shiite-mosque-baghdad-kills-11-114336573.html |date=March 29, 2016 }}, Retrieved December 13, 2015.</ref>
||11+
||20
|-
| {{Flagicon|Afghanistan}} [[Afghanistan]]
|| December 11
|| In the [[2015 Spanish Embassy attack in Kabul]], Taliban militants detonated a car bomb and stormed a guesthouse near the Spanish embassy. 6 dead, several injured.<ref>[https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/taliban-attack-spanish-embassy-afghanistan-kills-35728950 "Spain: Gunmen Entered Embassy in Kabul After Car Bomb Attack"], ABC News. Retrieved December 13, 2015.</ref>
||6
||
|-
| {{Flagicon|Syria}} [[Syria]]
|| December 11
|| In the [[Tell Tamer bombings]] three truck bombs by ISIL killed up to 60 people and injured more than 80 in the town of Tell Tamer.<ref>[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-crisis-syria-northeast-idUSKBN0TU0NS20151211 "Islamic State truck bombs kill up to 60 people in Syrian town: Kurds"], Reuters. Retrieved December 13, 2015.</ref>
||60
||80
|-
| {{Flagicon|Iraq}} [[Iraq]]
|| December 12
|| A militant detonated his explosives in a truck at an Iraqi position near the Saudi border. 6 dead, 14 injured.<ref>[https://news.yahoo.com/suicide-bomber-kills-six-iraq-saudi-border-officials-091553406.html "IS suicide bomber kills six on Iraq-Saudi border"], Retrieved December 19, 2015.</ref>
||6
||14
|-
| {{Flagicon|Nigeria}} [[Nigeria]]
|| December 13
|| Boko Haram Islamists, at least some using machetes, attacked residents of the villages of Warwara, Mangari, and Bura-Shika. 30 killed and 20 injured<ref>[https://news.yahoo.com/30-dead-boko-haram-attack-three-nigeria-villages-220803427.html "30 dead in Boko Haram attack on three Nigeria villages: vigilantes"], Retrieved January 4, 2016.</ref>
||30
||20
|-
| {{Flagicon|Afghanistan}} [[Afghanistan]]
|| December 21
|| A suicide bomber on a motorcycle killed six and wounded three in [[Kabul]], Afghanistan near [[Bagram Airfield]].<ref>[https://news.yahoo.com/suicide-bomber-kills-five-attack-u-afghan-patrol-111225827.html "Motorbike suicide bomber kills six U.S. troops in Afghanistan"], Retrieved January 4, 2016.</ref>
||7
||3
|-
| {{Flagicon|Nigeria}} [[Nigeria]]
|| December 26
|| Boko Haram gunmen raided Kimba village in northern Nigeria, opening fire on residents and torching their homes. 14+ killed.<ref name="AFP 2015">{{cite news |author=AFP |title=At least 14 killed in Boko Haram Christmas day gun attack in Nigeria |website=Telegraph |date=2015-12-26 |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/nigeria/12070317/At-least-14-killed-in-Boko-Haram-Christmas-day-gun-attack-in-Nigeria.html |access-date=2016-01-17}}</ref><ref>[https://news.yahoo.com/boko-haram-kills-least-14-christmas-day-attack-211939980.html "Boko Haram kills at least 14 in Christmas Day attack in Nigeria"], Retrieved January 4, 2016.</ref>
||14+
||
|-
| {{Flagicon|Afghanistan}} [[Afghanistan]]
|| December 28
|| A Taliban suicide bomber killed at least one person and wounded 33 in an attack on a road near a school close to [[Kabul International Airport]].<ref>[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-afghanistan-blast-idUSKBN0UB07M20151228 "One killed, 33 wounded in Kabul suicide attack"], Reuters. Retrieved January 4, 2016.</ref>
||2
||33
|-
| {{Flagicon|Nigeria}} [[Nigeria]]
|| December 28
|| Fourteen Islamist female suicide bombers aged 12–18 attempted to simultaneously attack the city of Maiduguri. Seven of the bombers were shot dead by Nigerian forces while three managed to escape and detonate themselves in Baderi general area and near a Mosque, killing 26 people and wounding another 85.<ref>[http://dailypost.ng/2015/12/29/boko-haram-26-killed-85-injured-as-14-suicide-bombers-attack-maiduguri/ "Boko Haram: 26 killed, 85 injured as 14 suicide bombers attack Maiduguri"], Retrieved January 4, 2016.</ref>
||36
||85
|-
| {{Flagicon|Pakistan}} [[Pakistan]]
|| December 29
|| A suicide bomber detonated his explosives in the front entrance of a regional branch of the National Database and Registration Authority in the northwestern city of [[Mardan]], Pakistan. The blast killed 26 people and more than 50 were wounded.<ref>[https://news.yahoo.com/least-12-dead-nw-pakistan-suicide-blast-officials-101345180.html "Taliban suicide bomber kills 26 in NW Pakistan: officials"], Retrieved January 4, 2016.</ref>
||27
||50+
|-
| {{Flagicon|Russia}} [[Russia]]
|| December 29
|| A gunman opened fire on a group of local residents who were visiting a viewing platform at the fortress in [[Derbent]], [[Dagestan]], southern Russia, killing one and injuring 11. ISIL claims responsibility.<ref>[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-35205165 "Russia attack: IS claims shooting in Dagestan"], BBC News. Retrieved January 4, 2016.</ref>
||1
||11
|-
|}

===2016===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! scope="col" | Location
! scope="col" data-sort-type="date" | Date
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Description
! scope="col" data-sort-type="number" | Deaths
! scope="col" data-sort-type="number" | Injuries
|-
|{{Flagicon|Afghanistan}} [[Afghanistan]]
|January 1
| A Taliban suicide bomber detonated himself in a French restaurant called 'Le Jardin' in Kabul. 2 dead 15 injured.<ref>[https://news.yahoo.com/loud-explosion-rocks-downtown-kabul-131219510.html "Taliban suicide bomber hits French restaurant in Kabul"], Retrieved January 16, 2016.</ref>
|2
|15
|-
|{{Flagicon|India}} [[India]]
|January 2
| In the [[2016 Pathankot attack]] suspected [[Jaish-e-Mohammed]] militants attacked an Indian air base killing 7 security force members. Several injured.<ref>{{cite web |title=After 80 Hours, Operation In Pathankot Ends, Say Sources: Live Updates |url=http://www.ndtv.com/india-news/terror-attack-at-air-force-base-in-punjabs-pathankot-live-updates-1261436 |website=NDTV.com}}</ref>
|7
|
|-
|{{Flagicon|Iraq}} [[Iraq]]
|January 3
| Five Islamist suicide bombers attack an Iraqi military base. 15 dead and 22 injured.<ref>[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-crisis-iraq-violence-idUSKBN0UH07F20160103 "Attack on Iraqi military base kills at least 15: sources"], Retrieved January 16, 2016.</ref>
|15
|22
|-
|{{Flagicon|Afghanistan}} [[Afghanistan]]
|January 4
| A Militant drove a truck packed with explosives to the armored gates of a compound for civilian contractors near Kabul's airport before detonating. 30 people injured, including children.<ref>[news.yahoo.com/explosion-reported-near-kabul-airport-police-official-064051105.html "Taliban claim suicide attack on contractor camp in Kabul"], Retrieved January 16, 2016.</ref>
|0
|30
|-
|{{Flagicon|Libya}} [[Libya]]
|January 7
| In the [[Zliten truck bombing]] Islamist militants detonated a truck bomb at the police training camp al-Jahfal in the coastal town of [[Zliten]], Libya. 50+ dead 100+ wounded.<ref>[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-35249860 "Libya truck bomb targets police recruits in Zliten"], Retrieved January 16, 2016.</ref>
|50+
|100+
|-
|{{Flagicon|France}} [[France]]
|January 7
| In the [[January 2016 Paris police station attack]] an Islamist from Morocco wearing a fake explosive belt attacked police officers with a meat cleaver. He was shot dead.<ref>[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-35250344 "Charlie Hebdo anniversary: Paris police shoot man dead"], Retrieved January 16, 2016.</ref>
|1
|0
|-
|{{Flagicon|Libya}} [[Libya]]
| January 7
| A car bombing at a checkpoint in the Libyan oil port of Ras Lanuf left seven people dead and 11 wounded.<ref>[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-libya-security-ports-idUSKBN0UL2F620160107 "Car bomb in Libyan oil port kills seven, wounds 11: guards spokesman"], Retrieved January 16, 2016.</ref>
|7
|11
|-
|{{Flagicon|Egypt}} [[Egypt]]
|January 8
| In the [[2016 Hurghada attack]] two militants armed with a melee weapon and a signal flare stormed the Bella Vista Hotel. 3 injured.<ref>[http://www.ibtimes.com/isis-egypt-hotel-attack-deadly-hurghada-resort-siege-foreign-tourists-claimed-islamic-2257432 "ISIS Egypt Hotel Attack: Deadly Hurghada Resort Siege On Foreign Tourists Claimed By Islamic State Group"], Retrieved January 16, 2016.</ref>
|0
|3
|-
|{{Flagicon|France}} [[France]]
|January 11
| A 15-year-old Turkish ISIL supporter attacked a teacher from a Jewish school in [[Marseille]] with a machete. 1 injured.<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/jan/13/teenager-to-appear-in-court-over-marseille-jewish-teacher-attack "Teenager faces terror charges over Marseille Jewish teacher attack"], Retrieved January 16, 2016</ref>
|0
|1
|-
|{{Flagicon|Iraq}} [[Iraq]]
|January 11
| ISIL gunmen detonate suicide vests in a shopping mall, killing at least 20 and wounding more than 40 people.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.france24.com/en/20160111-iraq-baghdad-mall-attack-islamic-state-group|title=Iraq hit by wave of deadly terror attacks|publisher=France24|date=12 January 2016|access-date=12 January 2016}}</ref>
|20
|40+
|-
|{{Flagicon|Turkey}} [[Turkey]]
|January 12
| In the [[January 2016 Istanbul bombing|2016 Istanbul bombing]] an ISIL suicide bomber kills 10 tourists and injures 15 more in the historical centre of [[Istanbul]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2016/01/12/europe/turkey-istanbul-explosion/|title=ISIS member behind deadly Istanbul suicide blast, PM says|publisher=CNN|date=12 January 2016|access-date=12 January 2016}}</ref>
|11
|15
|-
|{{Flagicon|Indonesia}} [[Indonesia]]
|January 14
| In the [[2016 Jakarta attacks]] 4 assailants kill 2 and injure 24 in a terrorist attack in [[Jakarta]]. The attack was orchestrated and financed from ISIL in Syria.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2016/01/15/asia/jakarta-gunfire-explosions/index.html|title=ISIS militant masterminded Jakarta attack from Syria, Indonesia police say|publisher=CNN|date=15 January 2016|access-date=15 January 2016}}</ref>
|2
|24
|-
|{{Flagicon|Somalia}} [[Somalia]]
|January 15
| In the [[El Adde attack]], [[Al-Shabaab (militant group)|Al-Shabaab]] terrorists attack an [[African Union]] Kenyan army base in El-Adde. 63+ killed, several injured.<ref>[http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2016/01/al-shabab-attacks-african-union-base-somalia-160115070814884.html "Al-Shabab attacks African Union base in Somalia"], Retrieved January 16, 2016.</ref>
|63+
|
|-
|{{flagicon|Burkina Faso}} [[Burkina Faso]]
|January 15
| In the [[2016 Ouagadougou attacks]] Islamist gunmen armed with heavy weapons attacked the ''Cappuccino'' restaurant and the ''Splendid Hotel'' in [[Ouagadougou]], the capital of Burkina Faso. 20+ killed. 15+ injured.<ref>[http://www.france24.com/en/20160115-shots-explosions-heard-hotel-burkina-faso-capital-ouagadougou "Al Qaeda branch claims Burkina Faso hotel attack"], Retrieved January 16, 2016.</ref>
|20+
|15+
|-
|{{Flagicon|Pakistan}} [[Pakistan]]
|January 21
| At least 22 killed in [[Bacha Khan University attack|attack on Bacha Khan University]], Pakistan. The Taliban claim responsibility for the attack.<ref>[http://edition.cnn.com/2016/01/20/asia/pakistan-university-militant-attack/ "At least 22 killed in attack on Bacha Khan University in Pakistan"], Retrieved January 21, 2016.</ref>
|22
|
|-
|{{Flagicon|Somalia}} [[Somalia]]
|January 22
| Al-Shabab attack on beachside restaurant leaves 20 dead.<ref>[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-35377484 "Somali forces end Mogadishu restaurant siege after deadly attack"], Retrieved January 22, 2016.</ref>
|20
|
|-
|{{flagicon|Cameroon}} [[Cameroon]]
|January 25
| Suspected Boko Haram insurgents have blown themselves up in a market in Cameroon, killing at least 25 people and injuring 62 others.<ref>[http://edition.cnn.com/2016/01/25/world/cameroon-boko-haram-attack "Suspected Boko Haram bombers kill 25 in Cameroon market attack"], Retrieved January 25, 2016.</ref>
|25
|62
|-
|{{Flagicon|Nigeria}} [[Nigeria]]
|January 30
| Boko Haram gunmen raided a Nigerian village, at least 65 people were killed and 136 others injured.<ref>[http://edition.cnn.com/2016/01/31/africa/boko-haram-raid-dalori-village/index.html "Boko Haram attackers set village ablaze, kill dozens in Nigeria"], Retrieved February 1, 2016.</ref>
|65
|136
|-
|{{flagicon|Uruguay}} [[Uruguay]]
|March 10
| A 35-year-old man called Carlos Omar Peralta López from the city of Paysandú repeatedly stabbed to death a local Jewish merchant at the scream of "Allah is great!" some months after his supposed conversion to Islam and assuming the identity of "Abdullah Omar". The man was found to have a Spanish edition of the Qu'ran at his home along with multiple Muslim books and religious mantras to chant. The man had lots of Middle Eastern-origin people in his Facebook contact list and claimed to belong to Al-Qaeda. He also claimed to have done it because he was being discriminated for his religion and "Allah had ordered him to kill jews". The man knew approximately 5 languages and entered the court speaking Arabic. The man also attended an Internet café where locals claimed he would usually sit there and play violent games picking Jews as his victims, often screaming loud things while doing so, attracting the attention of everyone at the room. It later became known the man was inspired by a previous wave of mass stabbing that occurred in Israel and suffered from schizophrenia. The son of the victim became injured while trying to stop the attack.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.defensa.com/homeland-security/asesinado-judio-uruguay-ciudadano-convertido-islam|title=Asesinado un judío en Uruguay por un ciudadano convertido al Islam}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.elpais.com.uy/informacion/me-dijo-qaeda.html|title="Me dijo que era de Al Qaeda"}}</ref>
|1
|1
|-
|{{Flagicon|Ivory Coast}} [[Ivory Coast]]
|March 13
| In the [[2016 Grand-Bassam shootings]] Al Qaeda gunmen stormed 3 hotels in the beach resort city of [[Grand-Bassam]] in the [[Ivory Coast]], leaving 18 people dead.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/2016/03/14/africa/ivory-coast-attack/index.html|title=18 killed in attack on Ivory Coast hotels|website=CNN|access-date=2016-03-26}}</ref>
|18
|
|-
|{{Flagicon|Turkey}} [[Turkey]]
|March 19
|In the [[March 2016 Istanbul bombing]] a [[Suicide Bomber|suicide bomber]], later identified by police as an ISIL member<ref>{{Cite web|title=Police identifies Istanbul bomber as ISIL member - Turkey News|url=https://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/police-identifies-istanbul-bomber-as-isil-member-96674|access-date=2021-08-20|website=Hürriyet Daily News|date=March 21, 2016 |language=en}}</ref> killed 4 and himself and injured 36, including foreign tourists.<ref>{{Cite web|title=İstiklal Caddesi'nde canlı bomba saldırısı; 5 kişi öldü, 8'i ağır 19 yaralı var!|url=https://t24.com.tr/haber/istiklal-caddesinde-patlama-yaralilar-var,332710|access-date=2021-08-20|website=T24|language=Turkish}}</ref>
|5
|36
|-
|{{Flagicon|Iraq}} [[Iraq]]
|March 20
| In [[Anbar (town)|Anbar]], Iraq, ISIL suicide bombers kill at least 24 at municipal building<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/isis-offensive-kills-least-24-iraqi-troops-suicide-bombing-more-us-marines-dispatched-1550641 |title=killed in attack on Ivory Coast hotels|website=ibtimes|access-date=2016-03-16}}</ref>
|24
|
|-
|{{Flagicon|Belgium}} [[Belgium]]
|March 22
| [[2016 Brussels bombings]] includes two [[2016 Brussels bombings|suicide bombings]] in [[Brussels]] [[Brussels Airport|Airport]] and one bombing in [[Brussels]] [[Brussels Metro|Metro]] that resulted in 35 deaths and more than 300 wounded.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/2016/03/28/europe/brussels-investigation/index.html|title=Brussels attacks: Suspects still on the run|website=CNN|access-date=2016-03-29}}</ref>
|35
|300+
|-
|{{Flagicon|Yemen}} [[Yemen]]
|March 25
| Three ISIL suicide bombers strike security checkpoints in the Yemeni city of [[Aden]], killing 26 people.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-03-26/suicide-bombings-hit-yemen/7277452|title=26 dead in Yemen suicide attacks|website=ABC News|access-date=2016-03-26}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2016/03/isil-claims-triple-suicide-attacks-yemen-aden-160325203607127.html|title=ISIL claims triple suicide attacks in Yemen's Aden|website=www.aljazeera.com|access-date=2016-03-26}}</ref>
|29
|
|-
|{{Flagicon|Iraq}} [[Iraq]]
|March 25
| 30 people killed and 95 injured after a suicide bomber blew himself up at a football stadium in [[Iskandariya]], south of [[Baghdad]]. ISIL claimed responsibility for the attack.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-03-26/football-pitch-suicide-attack-kills-30-south-of-baghdad/7277422|title='Just chaos': Football match suicide bomber kills 30 in Iraq|website=ABC News|access-date=2016-03-26}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2016/03/suicide-attack-kills-dozens-football-stadium-iraq-160325181900028.html|title=Suicide bomber kills dozens at football stadium in Iraq|website=www.aljazeera.com|access-date=2016-03-26}}</ref>
|30
|95
|-
|{{Flagicon|Pakistan}} [[Pakistan]]
|March 27
| The [[2016 Lahore suicide bombing]] targeted Christians who had gathered on [[Easter]] in [[Gulshan-e-Iqbal Park]]. The blast, by [[Jamaat-ul-Ahrar]], a Pakistani Taliban faction, killed at least 70 people and injured 300 others.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/2016/03/27/asia/pakistan-lahore-deadly-blast/index.html|title=Attack targeting Christians kills 67 in Pakistan|website=CNN|access-date=2016-03-28}}</ref><ref>[http://www.foxnews.com/world/2016/03/27/blast-near-pakistan-park-kills-10.html "Blast in crowded Pakistan park kills at least 60"], Retrieved March 27, 2016</ref>
|70
|300
|-
|{{Flagicon|Afghanistan}} [[Afghanistan]]
|April 19
| The [[April 2016 Kabul attack]] targeted a security team responsible for protecting government VIPs in [[Kabul]], [[Afghanistan]]. The attack killed 64 people and wounded 347. It was the Taliban's biggest attack on an urban area since 2001.<ref name="abc">{{cite news|url=https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/afghan-official-suicide-attack-gunfire-kabul-38498911|title=Dozens Killed in Taliban Attack on Afghan Security Agency|website=ABC News|last1=Faiez|first1=Rahim|access-date=19 April 2016}}</ref>
|64
|347
|-
|{{flagicon|Bangladesh}} [[Bangladesh]]
|April 23
| Attackers hacked a university professor to death in the city of [[Rajshahi|Rajshahi, Bangladesh]]. ISIL claimed responsibility for the attack stating that they assassinated him "for calling to atheism in the city of Rajshahi in Bangladesh".<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/2016/04/24/asia/bangladesh--professor-hacked/index.html|title=Student detained in Bangladeshi professor's death|author1=Farid Ahmed |author2=Holly Yan |author3=Deborah Bloom|website=CNN|access-date=2016-04-26}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2016/04/professor-hacked-death-bangladesh-160423075449570.html|title=Professor hacked to death in Bangladesh|website=www.aljazeera.com|access-date=2016-04-26}}</ref>
|1
|
|-
|{{flagicon|Bangladesh}} [[Bangladesh]]
|April 25
| Two gays rights activists were hacked to death in the capital of Bangladesh, [[Dhaka]]. An Al-Qaeda affiliated group claimed responsibility for the attacks and stated they killed the two as they were "pioneers of practicing {{sic}} and promoting homosexuality in Bangladesh".<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2016/04/people-hacked-death-bangladesh-capital-160425141155758.html|title=Two gay rights activists hacked to death in Bangladesh|website=www.aljazeera.com|access-date=2016-04-26}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/2016/04/25/asia/bangladesh-u-s-embassy-worker-killed/index.html|title=LGBT editor hacked to death in Bangladesh|first=Eliott C. |last=McLaughlin|website=CNN|access-date=2016-04-26}}</ref>
|2
|
|-
|{{Flagicon|Iraq}} [[Iraq]]
|May 11
| At least 40 people were killed and 60 injured in a car bomb attack on a market in Baghdad. ISIL claims responsibility.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/bombing-in-baghdad-market-kills-dozens-in-deadliest-attack-in-months/2016/05/11/1d1ec87f-08b8-4a9f-9b9d-2b70f8dcc229_story.html |title=Islamic State claims responsibility for deadly bombing in Baghdad |first1=Loveday |last1=Morris |first2=Mustafa |last2=Salim |date=May 11, 2016 |newspaper=The Washington Post |access-date=May 11, 2016 }}</ref>
|40
|60
|-
|{{Flagicon|United States}} [[United States]]
|June 12
| 49 people were killed and 53 injured in a [[Orlando nightclub shooting|mass shooting at a nightclub in Orlando, Florida]]. The shooter, [[Omar Mateen]], pledged allegiance to ISIL by specifically calling police and journalists several times during the incident.<ref>{{cite news |title=How Many People Have Been Killed in ISIS Attacks Around the World |url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2016/03/25/world/map-isis-attacks-around-the-world.html |work=The New York Times |date=March 25, 2016 |access-date=4 July 2016|last1=Yourish |first1=Karen |last2=Watkins |first2=Derek |last3=Giratikanon |first3=Tom |last4=Lee |first4=Jasmine C. }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Omar Mateen: Angry, violent 'bigot' who pledged allegiance to ISIS |url=http://www.cnn.com/2016/06/13/us/orlando-shooter-omar-mateen/ |publisher=CNN |access-date=4 July 2016}}</ref>
|49
|53
|-
|{{Flagicon|France}} [[France]]
|June 14
| Two French citizens, a police officer and his wife were [[2016 Magnanville stabbing|stabbed to death in Magnanville]], France, by a man swearing his allegiance to ISIL.<ref>{{cite news|title=French police chief's killer 'claimed allegiance to IS'|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-36524094|website=www.bbc.com|publisher=BBC News|access-date=14 June 2016}}</ref>
|2
|-
| {{Flagicon|Jordan}} [[Jordan]]
|June 21
| ISIS Soldier infiltrates refugee camp at a Jordanian army post near [[Rukban]], killing 6 and wounding 14.<ref>{{cite news|title=Jordanian soldiers killed by car bomb outside Syrian Refugee Camp|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/jun/21/jordanian-soldiers-killed-by-car-bomb-outside-syrian-refugee-camp|publisher=BBC News|access-date=16 July 2016}}</ref> ISIL later claimed responsibility.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.newsweek.com/isis-responsibility-suicide-bomb-jordan-syria-border-474766 |title=ISIS Claims Responsibility for Suicide Bomb on Jordan's Border |first=Jack |last=Moore |date=June 27, 2016 |work=[[Newsweek]] |access-date=July 16, 2016 }}</ref>
|6
|14
|-
| {{Flagicon|Pakistan}} [[Pakistan]]
|June 22
| Assassination of [[Amjad Sabri]], claimed by a splinter group of the Pakistani Taliban who accused Sabri of blasphemy.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/jun/22/pakistani-sufi-singer-shot-dead-in-karachi|title=Amjad Sabri: Pakistani Sufi singer shot dead in Karachi|first=Emma|last=Graham-Harrison|date=June 23, 2016|newspaper=The Guardian}}</ref>
|1
|
|-
| {{Flagicon|Turkey}} [[Turkey]]
| June 28
|[[2016 Atatürk Airport attack|A simultaneous terrorist attack]], consisting of shootings and suicide bombings at the international terminal of Terminal 2 of [[Istanbul Atatürk Airport|Atatürk Airport]] in [[Istanbul]], Turkey resulted in forty-five deaths in addition to the three attackers and injuring more than 230 people.<ref name="straitstimes_2016-07-02">{{cite web|url=http://www.straitstimes.com/world/middle-east/istanbul-airport-attack-toll-rises-to-45-as-child-dies|title=Toll rises to 45 as child dies|last=The Straits Times|first=World|date=2 July 2016|publisher=Straitstimes.com|access-date=2 July 2016}}</ref><ref name="AP_THE-BIG-STORY_2016-06-30">{{cite web|url=http://bigstory.ap.org/article/5228732503834ffa908de8092a12d31a/report-turkish-security-forces-kill-2-militants/|title=Turkish authorities identify suicide bombers|last=AP|first=The Big Story|date=30 June 2016|publisher=Bigstory.ap.org|access-date=30 June 2016|archive-date=May 6, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170506165507/http://bigstory.ap.org/article/5228732503834ffa908de8092a12d31a/report-turkish-security-forces-kill-2-militants|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|45
|230
|-
| {{flagicon|Bangladesh}} [[Bangladesh]]
|July 1
| [[July 2016 Dhaka attack|Gunmen killed]] 20 hostages in the affluent [[Gulshan Thana]] neighborhood of [[Dhaka]]. Thirteen hostages were rescued; two police officers and six terrorists were killed. One terrorist was taken into custody. ISIL claimed responsibility, but according to Bangladeshi officials, the attack was carried out by homegrown militant group [[Jamaat-ul-Mujahideen Bangladesh]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Park|first=Madison|date=July 3, 2016|title=Dhaka cafe attack: Bangladeshis mourn hostages, officers killed|url=http://www.cnn.com/2016/07/03/asia/bangladesh-dhaka-shooting/|publisher=CNN|access-date=July 4, 2016}}</ref> On August 27, Bangladeshi police killed three militants whom they accused of perpetrating the Dhaka attack, including Tamim Ahmed Chowdhury, a 30-year-old Canadian citizen born in Bangladesh, who was described as "one of the main suppliers of funds and arms for several recent attacks".<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/world/bangladesh-security-forces-kill-mastermind-of-dhaka-cafe-attack/ar-BBw6VfY?li=BBnb7Kz |title=Bangladesh security forces kill mastermind of Dhaka cafe attack |date=August 27, 2016 |agency=Reuters |publisher=MSN |access-date=August 27, 2016 }}</ref>
|26
|
|-
| {{Flagicon|Iraq}} [[Iraq]]
|July 3
|[[July 2016 Baghdad bombings]] Two coordinated bomb attacks killed over 300 people and injured over 221 others.<ref>{{cite news |first=Alexandra |last=Sims |title=Baghdad bombing: Death toll rises to nearly 300 in Isis car bombing |date=8 July 2016 |access-date=9 July 2016 |website=The Independent |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/baghdad-bombing-death-toll-rises-to-nearly-300-in-isis-car-bombing-a7127386.html}}</ref>
|341+
|246
|-
|{{Flagicon|Indonesia}} [[Indonesia]]
|July 4
|A suicide bomber attacked a police station in Central Java, killing himself and injuring a police officer.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Kwok|first1=Yenni|title=Suicide Bomber Attacks Police Station in Indonesia, Injuring Officer|url=http://time.com/4392782/indonesia-suicide-bomber-solo-surakarta-terrorism/|access-date=July 22, 2016|date=July 4, 2016}}</ref>
|1
|1
|-
| {{Flagicon|Iraq}} [[Iraq]]
|July 7
| A [[Muhammad ibn Ali al-Hadi Mausoleum attack|coordinated attack]] involving suicide car bombers, suicide bombers on foot, and gunmen against the mausoleum of [[Muhammad ibn Ali al-Hadi]], a Shi'ite holy site in Baghdad, killed at least 56 people and injured 75. ISIL claimed responsibility.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/dozens-killed-as-suicide-bombers-dressed-in-military-uniform-attack-iraq-shrine/2016/07/08/ac0d77ba-44dd-11e6-88d0-6adee48be8bc_story.html |title=At least 40 killed as Islamic State suicide bombers attack Shiite shrine in Iraq |first1=Mustafa |last1=Salim |first2=Loveday |last2=Morris |date=July 8, 2016 |newspaper=The Washington Post |access-date=July 17, 2016 }}</ref>
|56
|75
|-
|{{Flagicon|France}} [[France]]
|July 14
| 87 people (including the perpetrator [[Mohamed Lahouaiej-Bouhlel]]) died during the [[2016 Nice truck attack|Bastille day attack in Nice, France]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Attentat de Nice: les responsables politiques, entre émotion et colère |url=http://www.lemonde.fr/politique/article/2016/07/15/attentat-de-nice-les-responsables-politiques-entre-emotion-et-colere_4969928_823448.html |publisher=LeMonde |access-date=25 May 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Nice attack death toll rises to 86 as injured man dies |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-37137816 |publisher=BCC |access-date=25 May 2017}}</ref>
|87
|450+
|-
| {{Flagicon|Germany}}[[Germany]]
| July 18
| [[Würzburg train attack|A 17-year-old Afghan refugee]] injured five people seriously, two critically, with a knife and hatchet on a train near [[Würzburg]]. The attacker was shot dead when he attacked the arriving police officers.<ref>{{cite news |title=Germany's first attack by radicalised asylum seeker alarms officials |date=July 19, 2016 |access-date=July 28, 2016 |website=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/jul/19/germany-train-attack-could-prompt-rethink-of-counter-terrorism-policy}}</ref>
|1
|5
|-
| {{Flagicon|Germany}}[[Germany]]
|July 24
| A [[2016 Ansbach bombing|suicide bombing]] outside a wine bar in [[Ansbach]], Germany, in which a bomber tried to bomb a large music festival going on at the time. After detonation, he injured 15, 4 seriously. Many videos were discovered of him pledging allegiance to ISIL and [[Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi]]. The bomber was the only fatality.<ref>{{cite news |first1=Frederik |last1=Pleitgen |first2=Tim |last2=Hume |first3=Euan |last3=McKirdy |title=Suicide bomber in Germany pledged allegiance to ISIS leader |date=July 25, 2016 |access-date=July 25, 2016 |website=CNN |url=http://www.cnn.com/2016/07/24/world/ansbach-germany-blast/}}</ref>
|1
|15
|-
| {{Flagicon|France}} [[France]]
| July 26
| [[2016 Normandy church attack|A priest's throat was slit and four nuns were taken hostage]] in a church in Rouen, France. The IS-linked Amaq news agency said "two soldiers of the Islamic State" had carried out the attack. The two terrorists were shot dead by the French authorities. One of the men was known to the French intelligence services (as reported by French TV channel M6) and was on the French government's terror watch-list, known as the S list.<ref>{{cite news |first1=Frank |last1=Gardner |first2=Lucy |last2=Williamson |title=France church attack: Priest killed in hostage-taking near Rouen |date=July 26, 2016 |access-date=July 26, 2016 |website=www.bbcnews.com |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-36892785/}}</ref>
|3
|
|-
| {{Flagicon|Pakistan}} [[Pakistan]]
|August 8
| [[August 2016 Quetta attacks|77 people were killed and over 100 injured]] by a suicide bombing at a government hospital in Quetta, Pakistan.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dawn.com/news/1276183/70-dead-as-blast-hits-quetta-civil-hospital-after-lawyers-killing |title=70 dead as blast hits Quetta Civil Hospital after lawyer's killing |first=Syed Ali |last=Shah |date=August 9, 2016 |work=Dawn |access-date=August 27, 2016 }}</ref>
|77
|100+
|-
| {{Flagicon|United States}} [[United States]]
|September 17–19
| [[2016 New York and New Jersey bombings]] - three bombs exploded and several unexploded ones were found in the New York metropolitan area. The bombings left 31 people wounded, but no fatalities or life-threatening injuries were reported. Subsequently, the perpetrator has been charged with attempting to radicalized fellow jail inmates to espouse violent Islamic jihadism beliefs.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cnn.com/2017/12/24/us/ahmad-rahimi-hunger-strike/index.html |title=Chelsea bomber tried to radicalize inmates, prosecutors say |work=CNN |date=December 24, 2017 |access-date=December 24, 2017 }}</ref>
|0
|31
|-
| {{Flagicon|India}} [[India]]
|September 18
| [[2016 Uri attack]] – Four armed militants attacked on [[Indian Army]] brigade headquarters in Uri area of [[Baramulla district]] in the state of [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]], [[India]]. 18 Soldiers were killed in the ambush and 19 were injured.<ref name="uri_firstpost">{{cite news | url=http://www.firstpost.com/india/uri-attack-death-toll-touches-18-india-decides-to-isolate-pakistan-on-the-global-stage-3011334.html | title=Uri attack: Death toll touches 18, India decides to isolate Pakistan on the global stage | work=FP Staff | date=September 19, 2016 | access-date=September 20, 2016}}</ref>
|18
|19
|-
|{{Flagicon|United States}} [[United States]]
|November 28
| [[Ohio State University attack]], 11 people were hospitalized for injuries after a car ramming attack and mass stabbing occurred at [[Ohio State University]]. The perpetrator, Abdul Razak Ali Artan, was a Muslim [[Somalia|Somali]] refugee and legal permanent resident of the United States.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.cnn.com/2016/11/29/us/ohio-state-university-attack/ |title=Investigators believe Ohio State attacker was inspired by ISIS and Al-Awlaki |last1=Blau |first1=Max |date=29 November 2016 |work=CNN |last2=Grinberg |first2=Emanuella |publication-date=29 November 2016 |last3=Prokupecz |first3=Shimon}}</ref>
|0
|11
|-
|{{Flagicon|Pakistan}} [[Pakistan]]
|November 12
| Forty-seven people were killed and 100 injured by a [[2016 Khuzdar bombing|bomb]] at the Shah Noorani shrine in [[Balochistan, Pakistan|Balochistan]]. More people were killed and injured during the stampede that resulted from people fleeing the bomb blast. ISIL claimed responsibility.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/isis-claims-responsibility-for-deadly-pakistan-bombing/|title=ISIS claims responsibility for deadly Pakistan bombing|website=www.cbsnews.com|date=November 12, 2016 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/nov/12/pakistan-fatal-explosion-hits-muslim-shrine|title=Isis claim responsibility for fatal Pakistan shrine explosion|date=November 12, 2016|website=the Guardian}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnn.com/2016/11/12/world/sufi-attack-pakistan-isis/index.html|title=52 killed at religious shrine in Pakistan by ISIS suicide bomber|author=Syed Ali Shah, Sophia Saifi and Susanna Capelouto|website=CNN|date=November 12, 2016}}</ref>
|56
|102
|-
|{{Flagicon|Egypt}} [[Egypt]]
|December 11
|A suicide bomber [[Botroseya Church bombing|killed 27 people and injured 47 others]] at [[St. Peter and St. Paul's Church, Cairo|St. Peter and St. Paul's Church]] (commonly known as El-Botroseya Church) in Cairo. The bomber was identified as 22-year-old Mahmoud Shafiq Mohammed Mustafa. ISIL claimed responsibility.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/13/world/middleeast/egypt-isis-bombing-coptic-christians.html|title=ISIS Claims Responsibility for Egypt Church Bombing and Warns of More to Come|date=14 December 2016|work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref><ref>[http://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/north-africa/2016/12/13/ISIS-claims-deadly-Cairo-church-bombing.html al arabiya.net].</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/opinion/2016/12/egypt-christians-cross-hairs-161213143256890.html|title=Egypt's Christians in the cross-hairs}}</ref> By early 2017, eight suspects had been arrested in connection with the bombing.<ref>{{cite news|title=Four more suspects involved in Botroseya Church blast arrested: Interior Ministry|url=http://www.egyptindependent.com/news/four-more-suspects-involved-botroseya-church-blast-arrested-interior-ministry|agency=Egypt Independent|date=January 5, 2017}}</ref>
|29
|47
|-
| {{Flagicon|Germany}}[[Germany]]
| December 19
| [[2016 Berlin truck attack]] during which a [[car ramming attack|truck was driven into]] the [[Christmas market]] next to the [[Kaiser Wilhelm Memorial Church]] at [[Breitscheidplatz]] in [[Berlin]], left 13 people dead and 55 others injured.<ref name="BBCter">{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-38375555 |title=Berlin lorry deaths: Police say 'probably terrorist attack' |publisher=BBC |date=20 December 2016}}</ref><ref name=BBC.Dies>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-59048891|title=Berlin attack: First aider dies 5 years after Christmas market murders|work=BBC|date=26 October 2021|access-date=October 26, 2021}}</ref>
|12
|56
|}

===2017===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! scope="col" | Location
! scope="col" data-sort-type="date" | Date
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Description
! scope="col" data-sort-type="number" | Deaths
! scope="col" data-sort-type="number" | Injuries
|-
|{{Flagicon|Turkey}} [[Turkey]]
|January 1
| [[Istanbul nightclub shooting|An Islamic State gunman opened fire]] on a crowd of people in the Reina Nightclub in [[Istanbul]].<ref>[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-38673154 Istanbul Reina attack suspect says nightclub was chosen at random] BBC, retrieved June 6, 2017</ref>
|39
|70
|-
|{{Flagicon|Iraq}} [[Iraq]]
|January 2
| [[January 2, 2017 Baghdad bombings|A suicide bomber with a truck full of explosives]] attacked a predominantly Shia market in Baghdad. The Islamic State took responsibility for the attack, claiming to target a "gathering of Shia".<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/02/world/middleeast/iraq-baghdad-market-suicide-bombing-islamic-state.html?ref=middleeast&_r=0 Suicide Bombing in Baghdad Kills at Least 36] ''The New York Times'', retrieved June 6, 2017</ref><ref>[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-38488091 IS conflict: Baghdad suicide car bomb blast kills 35] BBC, retrieved June 6, 2017</ref>
|36
|52
|-
|{{Flagicon|Afghanistan}} [[Afghanistan]]
|February 8
| Islamic State militants attack a convoy of aid workers of the [[Red Cross]] in Northern Afghanistan. Killing 6 and taking 2 prisoner.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/2017/02/08/world/asia/afghanistan-red-cross-icrc.html Militants Kill 6 Red Cross Workers in Afghanistan] New York Times, retrieved Feb 8, 2017.</ref>
|6
|0
|-
|{{Flagicon|Afghanistan}} [[Afghanistan]]
|February 11
|Taliban suicide car bomber killed seven people outside a bank in [[Lashkargah]].<ref>[http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2017/02/deadly-suicide-blast-strikes-lashkar-gah-helmand-170211121445090.html Deadly suicide blast strikes Lashkar Gah in Helmand] Al Jazeera, retrieved Mar 5, 2017.</ref>
|7
|21
|-
|{{Flagicon|Pakistan}} [[Pakistan]]
|February 16
|During the [[Sehwan suicide bombing]] a suicide bomber entered the main hall of the [[Shrine of Lal Shahbaz Qalandar]] in Sehwan and detonated his payload amid dozens of worshippers.<ref>[https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/02/17/suicide-bombattack-kills-atleast-75-sufis-atpakistan-shrine/ Suicide bomb attack kills at least 75 at Pakistan shrine] [https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/feb/16/thirty-killed-100-injured-isis-bomb-sufi-shrine-pakistan-sindh Pakistan launches crackdown as Isis shrine attack toll rises to 88] The Guardian, retrieved March 9, 2017.</ref>
|91+
|300+
|-
|{{Flagicon|Iraq}} [[Iraq]]
|February 19
|Five people were killed in two suicide bombings that hit districts recently retaken from Islamic State in eastern [[Mosul]]. The first attack targeted an army checkpoint, killing three soldiers, and the second a gathering of civilians in the commercial district known as "My Fair Lady," killing two.<ref>[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-crisis-iraq-blast-idUSKBN15Y090 Suicide bombings kill five in east Mosul, security sources say] Reuters, retrieved Mar 9, 2017.</ref>
|5
|0
|-
|{{Flagicon|Pakistan}} [[Pakistan]]
|February 21
|Three militants threw hand grenades and opened fire as they launched an assault in [[Tangi, Pakistan|Tangi]], near the border with Afghanistan. Two of the men blew themselves up during the 20-minute gun battle with security forces at the gate, while the third was shot dead by police before he could detonate his explosive vest.<ref>[https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/asia/charsadda-attack-pakistan-suicide-bombing-court-taliban-isis-jamaat-ul-ahrar-child-killed-terror-a7591991.html Charsadda attack: Taliban suicide bombers kill six including child in assault on court in Pakistan] Retrieved Mar 5, 2017.[https://www.dawn.com/news/1316234 'Uzbek' militants storm court in Charsadda; seven killed] Dawn, retrieved Mar 5, 2017.</ref>
|7
|22
|-
|{{Flagicon|Egypt}} [[Egypt]]
|February 22
|Two Coptic citizens were found killed on Wednesday inside the North Sinai city of [[Arish|Al-Arish]]. The two are believed to have been kidnapped by anonymous militants who are suspected to be members of the IS-affiliated group of "Sinai Province."<ref>[http://www.dailynewsegypt.com/2017/02/22/coptic-man-son-found-killed-al-arish/ Coptic man and his son found killed in Al-Arish] Daily News Egypt, retrieved Mar 5, 2017.</ref>
|2
|0
|-
|{{Flagicon|Afghanistan}} [[Afghanistan]]
|February 28
|Twelve policemen were killed in an "insider attack" in the southern Afghan province of [[Helmand Province|Helmand]]. An infiltrator from the Taliban had allowed militants into the outpost in the regional capital, Lashkar Gah.<ref>[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-39112831 'Taliban infiltrator' aids police killing in Helmand province] BBC, retrieved Mar 5, 2017.</ref>
|12
|0
|-
|{{Flagicon|Afghanistan}} [[Afghanistan]]
|March 8
|Gunmen dressed as medics attacked a military hospital in the Afghan capital of Kabul, killing more than 40 people, in an assault claimed by Islamic State.<ref>[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-afghanistan-blast-idUSKBN16F0GP Over 30 killed as gunmen dressed as medics attack Afghan military hospital] Reuters, retrieved Mar 9, 2017.</ref><ref>[http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2017/03/investigation-isil-claim-kabul-hospital-attack-170309055515857.html Investigation into ISIL claim of Kabul hospital attack] Aljazeera, retrieved Mar 12, 2017</ref>
|40+
|50+
|-
|{{Flagicon|Iraq}} [[Iraq]]
|March 8
|Two suicide bombers blew themselves up, killing 26 people at a wedding party in a village near the Iraqi city of [[Tikrit]]. Islamic State said two of its fighters had carried out the attack in the village of [[Hajaj]].<ref>[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-39215496 Iraq: IS suicide bombers kill 26 at Tikrit wedding party] BBC, retrieved Mar 9, 2017.|url= http://www.9and10news.com/story/34703810/twin-suicide-bombing-kills-20-at-a-wedding-north-baghdad {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170318171245/http://www.9and10news.com/story/34703810/twin-suicide-bombing-kills-20-at-a-wedding-north-baghdad |date=March 18, 2017 }} Twin suicide bombing kills 26 at a wedding north of Baghdad] 9 and 10 news, retrieved Mar 12, 2017.</ref>
|26
|67
|-
|{{Flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[United Kingdom]]
|March 22
|A man [[2017 Westminster attack|drove a car into pedestrians]] on the south side of Westminster Bridge, injuring 49 people, 4 of them fatally.<ref name="Telegraph 27 March 2017">{{cite news|work=Daily Telegraph|access-date=27 March 2017|title= London terrorist linked to remote-controlled car bomb plot to blow up Army base |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/03/26/westminster-terrorist-linked-remote-controlled-car-bomb-plot}}</ref><ref name="Independent 27 April 2017">{{cite news|work=Independent|access-date=27 April 2017|title= Last message left by Westminster attacker Khalid Masood uncovered by security agencies |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/crime/last-message-left-by-westminster-attacker-khalid-masood-uncovered-by-security-agencies-a7706561.html}}</ref>
|6
|49
|-
|{{Flagicon|Russia}} [[Russia]]
|April 3
|[[2017 Saint Petersburg Metro bombing|A suicide bomber blew himself up]] on the St. Petersburg metro. The bomber was born in Kyrgyzstan and had ties to radical Islamists.<ref>[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-39481067 St Petersburg attack: What we know] BBC, retrieved June 7, 2017.</ref>
|5
|15
|-
|Sweden
|April 7
|[[2017 Stockholm truck attack]] – A rejected [[Uzbeks|Uzbek]] asylum seeker had stolen a beer truck and drove onto the crowded high street to mow down as many pedestrians as possible. According to his testimony he wanted to pressure Sweden into ending its support for the fight against "Islamic State."<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-43043287 |title=Uzbek man pleads guilty in Stockholm terror trial |publisher=[[BBC]] |date=13 February 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.dw.com/en/stockholm-truck-attacker-aimed-to-avenge-islamic-state-dead/a-42664614 |title=Stockholm truck attacker aimed to avenge 'Islamic State' dead |publisher=[[BBC]] |date=20 February 2018}}</ref>
|5
|15
|-
|{{Flagicon|Egypt}} [[Egypt]]
|April 9
|[[Palm Sunday church bombings]] on Christian churches in Tanta and Alexandria kill at least 36 people and injure more than 100<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/apr/09/egypt-coptic-church-bombing-death-toll-rises-tanta-cairo Egypt: Isis claims responsibility for Coptic church bombings] ''The Guardian'', retrieved Apr 9, 2017.</ref>
|47
|100+
|-
|{{Flagicon|France}} [[France]]
|April 20
|[[2017 shooting of Paris police officers|Three police officers and a bystander were shot]] by an attacker wielding an AK-47 rifle on the [[Champs-Élysées]], a shopping boulevard in [[Paris]]. The attacker was shot dead during the incident. He had a note defending the Islamic State, and had previously attempted to communicate with Islamic State fighters in Iraq and Syria.<ref>[http://edition.cnn.com/2017/04/21/europe/paris-police-shooting-champs-elysees/index.html?adkey=bn Paris shooting casts shadow over final day of French election campaign] CNN, retrieved June 6, 2017.</ref>
|2
|3
|-
|{{Flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[United Kingdom]]
|May 22
|| The [[Manchester Arena bombing]] - an Islamist extremist suicide bomber detonated a shrapnel-laden homemade bomb as people were leaving the Manchester Arena following a concert by American singer Ariana Grande.
|22
|1,017 (112 hospitalised)<ref>{{cite web |title=Manchester Arena Public Inquiry, Day 44 |url=https://files.manchesterarenainquiry.org.uk/live/uploads/2020/12/07182655/MAI-Day-44.pdf}}</ref>
|-
|{{Flagicon|Egypt}} [[Egypt]]
|May 26
|[[2017 Minya bus attack|A gunman opened fire]] on a convoy carrying Coptic Christians traveling from Maghagha in Egypt's Minya Governorate.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.christiantoday.com/article/egypts-copts-our-government-is-failing-us-after-fourth-isis-attack-in-six-months/109581.htm|title=Egypt's Copts: Our government is failing us after fourth ISIS attack in six months|first=Harry Farley 29 May 2017 | 5:00|last=PM|website=www.christiantoday.com|date=May 29, 2017 }}</ref>
|28
|22
|-
|{{Flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[United Kingdom]]
|June 3
|The [[2017 London Bridge attack]] was an incident where an attacker ran over multiple pedestrians on the London Bridge. On Borough Market the occupants of the van stabbed multiple people before being shot by police.<ref name="The Gurdian 5 June 2017">{{cite news|work=The Gurdian |access-date=5 June 2017|title=London terror attack: what we know so far|url= https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2017/jun/04/london-attacks-what-we-know-so-far-london-bridge-borough-market-vauxhall}}</ref><ref name="BBC 12 June 2017">{{cite news|publisher=BBC News|access-date=12 June 2017|title= London attack: What we know so far |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-london-40147164}}</ref>
|11
|48
|-
|{{Flagicon|France}} [[France]]
|June 6
|[[2017 Notre Dame attack]] – A lone wolf who was carrying knives in his rucksack attacked an officer guarding [[Notre-Dame de Paris]] with a hammer. A video pledging allegiance to ISIS was later found.<ref name="Willsher 2017">{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/jun/06/paris-police-shoot-man-who-attacked-officer-outside-notre-dame-cathedral|title=Paris police shoot man who attacked officer outside Notre Dame Cathedral|last=Willsher|first=Kim|date=2017-06-06|website=The Guardian|access-date=2017-06-06}}</ref>
|0
|2
|-
|Iran
|June 7
|[[2017 Tehran attacks]] – Iran parliament and the shrine of Ruhollah Khomeini. In the first attacks orchestrated by ISIS in Iran, Tehran was targeted by suicide bombers and teams of gunmen when they stormed Iran's parliament and the nearby shrine of Ruhollah Khomeini. All 4 attackers at the parliament were killed.<ref name="Tehran2017">{{Cite web|url=http://www.foxnews.com/world/2017/06/07/iran-attack-isis-claims-responsibility-for-pair-assaults-in-tehran.html|title=ISIS claims responsibility for pair of assaults in Tehran|website=[[Fox News]]|date=June 7, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/06/07/world/middleeast/iran-parliament-attack-khomeini-mausoleum.html|title=At Least 12 Killed in Pair of Terrorist Attacks in Iran (Published 2017)|first1=Thomas|last1=Erdbrink|first2=Mujib|last2=Mashal|newspaper=The New York Times|date=June 7, 2017}}</ref>
|22
|43
|-
|{{Flagicon|Iraq}} [[Iraq]]
|June 9
| At least 30 people were killed in a suicide bombing in [[Karbala]], Iraqi officials said. The attack was claimed by ISIL.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/baghdad-karbala-iraq-suicide-bombing-death-toll-rising-isis-a7781316.html|title=While everyone was watching the election, 30 people were just killed in a suicide bombing in Iraq|date=June 9, 2017|website=The Independent}}</ref>
|30
|36
|-
|{{Flagicon|Egypt}} [[Egypt]]
|July 14
|[[2017 Hurghada attack]] – An attacker with a knife stabbed foreign tourists.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/07/14/tourists-wounded-egypt-beach-resort-stabbing-police/|title=Two tourists killed and four wounded in Egypt beach resort stabbing|first1=Raf|last1=Sanchez|first2=Magdy|last2=Samaan|newspaper=The Telegraph|date=July 14, 2017|via=www.telegraph.co.uk}}</ref>
|2
|4
|-
|{{Flagicon|Pakistan}} [[Pakistan]]
|August 7
|[[August 2017 Lahore explosion|A truck carrying explosive material]] accidentally went off at Band Road in [[Lahore]], [[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab]], [[Pakistan]]. A few hours after the attack, a clash erupted between 7 terrorists and the CTD team in which 4 terrorists were shot dead while 3 others managed to flee in the dark. The terrorists were identified as [[Pakistani Taliban]]'s militants.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.samaa.tv/pakistan/2017/08/four-terrorists-killed-in-ctd-raid-after-outfall-road-blast/|title=Lahore blast: Four terrorists killed in CTD raid|work=[[Samaa TV]]|date=7 August 2017|access-date=8 August 2017}}</ref>
|2
|35
|-
|{{Flagicon|Spain}} [[Spain]]
|August 17–18
|[[2017 Barcelona attacks]] – Three separate attacks in Barcelona (location pictured) kill at least fifteen people and injure more than one hundred others. "Authorities believe the men to be part of 12 member Islamic Terror cell".<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.foxnews.com/world/2017/08/20/inside-filthy-apartment-barcelona-terror-attack-suspect.html|title=FoxNews – Inside the filthy apartment of Barcelona terror driver|website=[[Fox News]]|date=August 20, 2017}}</ref> The group was held 120 gas canisters being ready to bomb a major target.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.yahoo.com/news/van-hits-pedestrians-barcelona-terror-attack-160312643.html|title=Spain suspect admits terror cell planned bigger attack|website=www.yahoo.com|access-date=August 20, 2017|archive-date=April 19, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190419042629/https://www.yahoo.com/news/van-hits-pedestrians-barcelona-terror-attack-160312643.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|15
|120
|-
|Finland
|August 18
|[[2017 Turku attack]] – Ten people were stabbed with knives in [[Turku]], by an eighteen-year-old [[Moroccans|Moroccan]] [[asylum seeker]] named Abderrahman Bouanane. According to the police he was a [[radicalized]] [[Lone wolf (terrorism)|lone wolf]] influenced by [[ISIS]]. Two of the victims were killed. The attacker was shot in the leg by police and was arrested. Police later discovered that the attacker had also planned attacks at different sites. Three other suspects, all Moroccans, were remanded in custody in connection with the attack. He was convicted for terrorism and murder. It was the first time a Finnish court has decreed that a crime was a terrorist act and Finland's prime minister has described the stabbings as the country's first terrorist attack in history.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-41010530 | title=Finland attack: Moroccan admits Turku killings | publisher=[[BBC]] | date = 22 August 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hs.fi/kotimaa/art-2000005358250.html?share=d1b9d147b8945ce87769c69dee00737d|title=Krp:n päällikkö: Turun puukottajalla oli vaihtoehtoisia iskukohteita – niissä uhrit olisivat olleet myös miehiä|date=7 September 2017|work=Helsingin Sanomat|language=fi|trans-title=NBI Director Turku stabber had alternative targets for attacks – there casualties would have also included males|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180119235253/https://www.hs.fi/kotimaa/art-2000005358250.html?share=d1b9d147b8945ce87769c69dee00737d|archive-date=19 January 2018|url-status=live|access-date=7 September 2017|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
|2
|8
|-
|{{Flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[United Kingdom]]
|September 15
|A bomb, wrapped in a plastic grocery bag concealed in a bucket, exploded at 8:20 a.m. at the height of the morning rush at the London's Underground. The bomb exploded just after the train drew into [[Parsons Green]]. The [[Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant|Islamic State]] asserted responsibility for the bucket bomb hours later in a message on its [[Amaq News Agency|Amaq news]] site that said a "detachment" of its disciples had carried out the attack.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/09/15/world/europe/uk-london-underground-tube-explosion.html | title='Bucket Bomb' Strikes London's Vulnerable Underground | work=[[The New York Times]] | date = 15 September 2017}}</ref>
|0
|29
|-
|{{Flagicon|United States}} [[United States]]
|October 31
|[[2017 New York City truck attack]] – A man drove a pickup truck into cyclists and runners along about 1 mile (2 km) of a bicycle path in [[Lower Manhattan]], New York City. After he left the vehicle, the driver was wielding two guns (later found to be a paintball gun and a pellet gun); he was shot in the abdomen by police and arrested.<ref name="NYT-Del-Real">{{cite news| url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/10/31/nyregion/nyc-scene-terror-attack-truck-witnesses.html|title=A Mangled School Bus, Bodies Everywhere; 'It Was Surreal'|last1=DelReal|first1=Jose A.|last2=Kilgannon|first2=Corey|date=October 31, 2017|work=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=November 1, 2017}}</ref> An [[ISIS]] flag and a document that read either "It will endure." or "Islamic State will endure forever." in Arabic were found in the truck.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/new-york-attack-isis-note-islamic-state-arabic-writing-endure-forever-latest-news-updates-a8031801.html | title=New York attacker had note in car declaring 'Islamic State will endure forever' in Arabic | publisher=[[The Independent]] | work=Andrew Buncombe | date=2 November 2017 | access-date=2 November 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/us/feds-reveal-what-they-found-in-nyc-terror-suspects-truck/ar-AAun2rI?li=BBnb7Kz&ocid=iehp | title=Feds reveal what they found in NYC terror suspect's truck | publisher=[[MSN]] | date = 2 November 2017}}</ref>
|8
|12
|-
|{{Flagicon|Egypt}} [[Egypt]]
|December 29
|A gunman opened fire outside a church in Cairo before attempting to storm the building, at least seven people killed. He had earlier shot at a store, killing two people inside. The Interior Ministry said that the shop was owned by a Copt and that the two dead were Christian men. The Islamic State claimed responsibility for the attacks, via its Amaq News Agency.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dw.com/en/egypt-gunmen-launch-deadly-attack-on-coptic-church/a-41968020|title=Egypt: Gunmen launch deadly attack on Coptic church | DW | 29.12.2017|website=DW.COM}}</ref>
|at least 9
|0
|-
|}

===2018===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! scope="col" | Location
! scope="col" data-sort-type="date" | Date
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Description
! scope="col" data-sort-type="number" | Deaths
! scope="col" data-sort-type="number" | Injuries
|-
|{{Flagicon|Iraq}} [[Iraq]]
|January 15
| [[2018 Baghdad bombings]].<ref>{{cite news|title=UPDATES: Twin suicide bombings kill 38 in Baghdad, wound over 100 |url=http://www.rudaw.net/english/middleeast/iraq/15012018|date=January 15, 2018}}</ref>
|38
|105
|-
|{{Flagicon|Afghanistan}} [[Afghanistan]]
|January 20
| [[2018 Inter-Continental Hotel Kabul attack]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Kabul Hotel Attack Killed 40 People: Official|url=https://www.ndtv.com/world-news/kabul-hotel-attack-killed-40-people-official-1804605|date=January 25, 2018}}</ref>
|40
|22
|-
|{{Flagicon|Afghanistan}} [[Afghanistan]]
|January 24
|[[Save the Children Jalalabad attack]]<ref name="Reuters 2018">{{cite web | agency=Reuters | title=Gunmen Storm Save the Children Aid Group Office in Afghanistan | website=The New York Times | date=2018-01-24 | url=https://www.nytimes.com/reuters/2018/01/24/world/asia/24reuters-afghanistan-blast.html | access-date=2018-02-04 | archive-date=February 5, 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180205001253/https://www.nytimes.com/reuters/2018/01/24/world/asia/24reuters-afghanistan-blast.html }}</ref>
|6
|27
|-
|{{Flagicon|Afghanistan}} [[Afghanistan]]
|January 27
| [[2018 Kabul ambulance bombing]].<ref>{{cite news|title=At Least 103 Killed, 235 Wounded In Taliban Car Bombing In Kabul|url=https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2018/01/27/581265342/dozens-killed-more-than-100-wounded-in-taliban-car-bombing-in-kabul|date=January 27, 2018}}</ref>
|103
|235
|-
|{{Flagicon|Russia}} [[Russia]]
|February 18
|[[Kizlyar church shooting]]<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-russia-dagestan-shooting/five-killed-in-attack-on-church-in-russias-dagestan-agencies-idUSKCN1G20NV|title=Five killed in attack on church in Russia's Dagestan: agencies|date=18 February 2018|work=[[Reuters]]|access-date=27 March 2018}}</ref>
|6
|5
|-
|{{Flagicon|Somalia}} [[Somalia]]
|February 18
| [[February 2018 Mogadishu attack]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Death toll from Somalia blasts rises to 45: government official|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-somalia-blast/death-toll-from-somalia-blasts-rises-to-45-government-official-idUSKCN1G720U|publisher=[[Reuters]]|date=February 23, 2018}}</ref>
|45
|36
|-
|Burkina Faso
|March 2
|[[2018 Ouagadougou attacks]]<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/africa/explosions-gunfire-exchanged-in-burkina-faso-capital/2018/03/02/08e3696c-1e09-11e8-98f5-ceecfa8741b6_story.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180302213346/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/africa/explosions-gunfire-exchanged-in-burkina-faso-capital/2018/03/02/08e3696c-1e09-11e8-98f5-ceecfa8741b6_story.html |archive-date=2 March 2018 |title=Extremists stage deadly attacks in Burkina Faso capital |last=Ouadraogo |first=Brahima |date=2 March 2018 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |access-date=2 March 2018 |language=en-US |issn=0190-8286}}</ref><ref name="News24 2017">{{cite web | title=New security measures in Burkina capital after attacks | work=News24 | date=5 September 2017 | url=https://www.news24.com/Africa/News/new-security-measures-in-burkina-capital-after-attacks-20170905 | access-date=3 March 2018 | archive-date=March 3, 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180303110733/https://www.news24.com/Africa/News/new-security-measures-in-burkina-capital-after-attacks-20170905 }}</ref>
|30
|85
|-
|{{Flagicon|Afghanistan}} [[Afghanistan]]
|March 21
| [[March 2018 Kabul suicide bombing]]-[[Suicide attack]].<ref>{{cite news|title=At least 26 killed in suicide bomb near Shia shrine in Kabul, ISIS claims attack|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/world-news/suicide-bombing-rocks-kabul-on-navroz-holiday-multiple-casualties/story-Z7zwHT4lvvPejU0zTeLWVK.html|publisher=[[Hindustan Times]]|date=March 21, 2018}}</ref>
|33
|65
|-
|{{Flagicon|France}} [[France]]
|March 23
| [[Carcassonne and Trèbes attack]]-[[Hostage crisis]].<ref>{{cite news|agency=Associated Press|title=ISIS-linked Gunman Shot Dead by French Police After Taking Hostages, Killing Three|url=https://www.haaretz.com/world-news/europe/hostage-situation-in-southern-france-gunman-claims-isis-allegiance-1.5937301|work=Haaretz|date=23 March 2018|language=en}}</ref>
|5
|15
|-
|{{Flagicon|Somalia}} [[Somalia]]
|April 1
| [[2018 African Union base attack in Bulo Marer]].<ref>{{cite news|title=African Union: 30 al-Shabab fighters killed in Somalia attack|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2018/04/african-union-30-al-shabab-fighters-killed-somalia-attack-180402063208401.html|date=2 April 2018|language=en}}</ref>
|59 (+30)
|Unknown
|-
|{{Flagicon|Afghanistan}} [[Afghanistan]]
|April 22
| [[22 April 2018 Kabul suicide bombing|April 2018 Kabul suicide bombing]]-[[Suicide attack]].<ref>{{cite news|title=The Latest: Toll from Kabul bombing climbs to 57 dead|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/asia_pacific/the-latest-12-killed-57-wounded-in-afghanistan-bombing/2018/04/22/ca6b2e64-4602-11e8-b2dc-b0a403e4720a_story.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180422105715/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/asia_pacific/the-latest-12-killed-57-wounded-in-afghanistan-bombing/2018/04/22/ca6b2e64-4602-11e8-b2dc-b0a403e4720a_story.html|archive-date=April 22, 2018|date=April 22, 2018}}</ref>
|69
|120
|-
|{{Flagicon|Afghanistan}} [[Afghanistan]]
|April 30
|[[30 April 2018 Kabul suicide bombings]]<ref>{{cite news|access-date=2018-04-30|title=Double suicide bombing hits central Kabul, killing at least 25|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/world/2018/04/30/kabul-suicide-bombings/563760002/|newspaper=USA Today}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/suicide-bombings-in-kabul-kill-seven-including-a-journalist-rushing-to-the-scene/2018/04/30/88ae0af2-4c31-11e8-b725-92c89fe3ca4c_story.html | title=Islamic State suicide bombing kills 25 in Kabul, including at least 9 journalists |first1=Pamela|last1=Constable | newspaper=[[Washington Post]] |date=30 April 2018 |issn=0190-8286 | access-date=30 April 2018}}</ref>
|29
|50
|-
|{{Flagicon|Nigeria}} [[Nigeria]]
|May 1
|[[2018 Mubi suicide bombings]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.geo.tv/latest/193633-more-than-60-killed-in-suicide-blasts-at-mosque-in-nigeria|title=More than 60 killed in suicide blasts at mosque in Nigeria|website=www.geo.tv|language=en-US|access-date=2018-05-01}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2018/05/nigeria-mosque-attack-death-toll-rises-86-180502162539760.html|title=Nigeria mosque attack death toll rises to 86|website=www.aljazeera.com|access-date=2018-05-02}}</ref>
|86
|58
|-
|{{Flagicon|Libya}} [[Libya]]
|May 2
|[[2018 attack on the High National Elections Commission in Tripoli, Libya]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://news.siteintelgroup.com/Jihadist-News/is-claims-suicide-raid-on-libyan-high-election-commission-in-response-to-spox-speech-to-hit-election-centers.html|title=IS Claims Suicide Raid on Libyan High Election Commission in Response to Spox Speech to Hit Election Centers|last=SITE|website=news.siteintelgroup.com|date=May 2, 2018|language=en-gb|access-date=2018-05-02}}</ref>
|16
|20
|-
|{{Flagicon|Netherlands}} [[Netherlands]]
|May 5
|3 wounded after stabbing attack in the Hague.<ref>{{cite web| url=https://www.om.nl/actueel/nieuws/2019/06/28/steekpartij-5-mei-verwarde-man-met-terroristisch-oogmerk|title=Steekpartij 5 mei: verwarde man met terroristisch oogmerk |website=[[Dutch parquet]] |date= June 28, 2019}}</ref>
|0
|3
|-
|{{Flagicon|France}} [[France]]
|May 12
|[[2018 Paris knife attack]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Paris attack latest: Isis claims responsibility for multiple stabbing in Opera district |publisher=Independent |date=13 May 2018 |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/paris-attack-latest-isis-terror-stabbing-islamist-opera-district-knife-dead-victims-french-police-a8349011.html}}</ref>
|2
|4
|-
|{{Flagicon|Indonesia}} [[Indonesia]]
|May 13
| [[2018 Surabaya bombings]]-[[Suicide attack]].<ref>{{cite news|last1=Boediwardhana|first1=Wahyoe|title=25 killed in East Java attacks, including 13 suicide bombers|url=http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2018/05/14/25-killed-in-east-java-attacks-including-13-suicide-bombers.html|access-date=14 May 2018|work=The Jakarta Post|date=14 May 2018}}</ref>
|25
|55
|-
|{{Flagicon|Belgium}} [[Belgium]]
|May 29
|[[2018 Liège attack]]<ref>{{Cite news|title=Terrorist threat in the EU remains high despite the decline of IS in Iraq and Syria|url=https://www.europol.europa.eu/newsroom/news/terrorist-threat-in-eu-remains-high-despite-decline-of-in-iraq-and-syria|work=Europol|date=20 June 2018}}</ref>
|4
|4
|-
|{{Flagicon|Afghanistan}} [[Afghanistan]]
|July 1
|[[July 2018 Jalalabad suicide bombing]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ent.siteintelgroup.com/Statements/is-khorasan-province-claims-killing-and-wounding-60-afghan-soldiers-and-polytheists-in-jalalabad.html|title=IS' Khorasan Province Claims Killing and Wounding 60 Afghan Soldiers and 'Polytheists' in Jalalabad|last=Palahniuk|website=ent.siteintelgroup.com|date=July 2018|language=en-gb|access-date=2018-07-02|archive-date=March 31, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190331052719/https://ent.siteintelgroup.com/Statements/is-khorasan-province-claims-killing-and-wounding-60-afghan-soldiers-and-polytheists-in-jalalabad.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|20
|20
|-
|{{Flagicon|Pakistan}} [[Pakistan]]
|July 10
|[[2018 Peshawar suicide bombing]]<ref name="Resp">{{cite news|url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/1754896/1-anps-haroon-bilour-19-others-martyred-peshawar-blast/|title=ANP's Haroon Bilour, 19 others martyred in Peshawar blast|newspaper=The Express Tribune|date=11 July 2018|access-date=11 July 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180711132903/https://tribune.com.pk/story/1754896/1-anps-haroon-bilour-19-others-martyred-peshawar-blast/|archive-date=11 July 2018}}</ref>
|22
|75
|-
|{{Flagicon|Pakistan}} [[Pakistan]]
|July 13
|[[2018 Mastung and Bannu bombings]]<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/1758888/1-149-martyred-mastung-now-deadliest-terrorist-attack-pakistans-hi/|title=With 149 martyred, Mastung is one of the deadliest terrorist attacks in Pakistan's history|date=2018-07-16|work=The Express Tribune|access-date=2018-07-16|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://arynews.tv/en/bomb-attack-mma-candidate-bannu/|title=Bomb attack near MMA candidate's convoy in Bannu, four killed|work=[[ARY News]]|date=13 July 2018|access-date=14 July 2018}}</ref>
|154
|223
|-
|{{Flagicon|Syria}} [[Syria]]
|July 25
| The [[2018 As-Suwayda attacks]] were a string of suicide bombings and gun attacks that took place in and around [[As-Suwayda]], Syria, on July 25. The attacks were committed by the [[Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant]] (ISIL).<ref name="bbc">{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-44949823|title=Syria war: More than 200 dead in suicide attacks|work=BBC|date=25 July 2018|access-date=18 February 2022}}</ref>
|258 (+63 attackers)
|180

|-
|Tajikistan
|July 29
|[[Terrorist attack against cyclists in Tajikistan|2018 Terrorist attack against cyclists in Tajikistan]] - Assailants rammed American and European cyclists with a car in the [[Khatlon]] region, then attacked them with knives and an axe. Four cyclists were murdered and two were injured. At least one suspected attacker was killed whilst resisting arrest and at least one other was detained.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2018/07/31/isil-claims-attack-four-us-european-cyclists-killed-tajikistan/|title=Isil claims attack after four US and European cyclists killed in Tajikistan|work=telegraph|date=31 July 2018|access-date=31 July 2018}}</ref>
|4
|2
|-
|{{Flagicon|Jordan}} [[Jordan]]
|August 12
|An explosion near a police van killed one officer and wounded six others at the city of Fuheis. The security forces hunted the attackers and besieged them in a building at the city of Salt. Jordanian officials claimed that the attackers supported the Islamic State, but did not have links to the organisation.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/08/12/world/middleeast/jordan-shoot-out-salt.html|title=In Jordan, Shootout Kills 4 From Security Forces and 3 Militants (Published 2018)|newspaper=The New York Times|date=August 12, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thenationalnews.com/world/mena/four-officers-dead-five-militants-in-custody-after-jordanian-apartment-raid-1.759086|title=Four officers dead, five militants in custody after Jordanian apartment raid|website=The National|date=August 13, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.foxnews.com/world/suspects-in-latest-jordan-attack-are-homegrown-militants|title=Suspects in latest Jordan attack are homegrown militants|date=August 13, 2018|website=Associated Press}}</ref>
|5
|26+
|-
|{{Flagicon|Netherlands}} [[Netherlands]]
|August 31
|A 19-year-old [[Afghans|Afghan]], with a German residence permit, stabbed two [[Americans|American]] tourists with a knife at [[Amsterdam central station|Amsterdam's central station]]. After the attack he was shot by [[Dutch police]] in his lower body and arrested. The victims remained in hospital with serious injuries. [[German police]] searched the man's house at the request of their Dutch colleagues and seized several data carriers.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-amsterdam-station-stabbing-usa/amsterdam-stabbing-suspect-had-terrorist-motive-officials-say-idUSKCN1LH3CQ|title=Amsterdam stabbing suspect had 'terrorist' motive, officials say|work=[[reuters]]|date=1 September 2018|access-date=1 September 2018}}</ref>
|0
|2
|-
|{{Flagicon|Iran}} Iran
|September 22
|[[2018 Ahvaz military parade attack]] - Militants wearing khaki uniforms shot at an Iranian military parade in [[Ahvaz]]. The ISIL claimed the attack.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/iranian-news-agency-8-revolutionary-guard-members-killed-in-attack-137105|title=Iranian news agency: 24 Revolutionary Guard members killed in attack|date=22 September 2018|access-date=22 September 2018}}</ref>
|24+
|20
|-
|{{Flagicon|Egypt}} [[Egypt]]
|November 2
|Islamic militants ambushed three buses carrying Christian pilgrims returning from a remote [[Coptic Christian]] monastery and opened fire. Egyptian officials reported 7 deaths and 19 wounded. The local Islamic State which claimed responsibility said that 13 Christians were murdered and another 18 wounded.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/nov/03/egypt-attack-gunmen-kill-coptic-christians-bus-ambush|title=Egypt attack: Gunmen kill seven Coptic Christians in bus ambush|agency=Associated Press|date=November 3, 2018|website=the Guardian}}</ref>
|7
|19
|-
|{{Flagicon|Australia}} [[Australia]]
|November 9
|[[2018 Melbourne stabbing attack]] - A man, of Somali origin, set a car on fire and stabbed three people - one fatally - in [[Melbourne]]. He was shot dead after confronting officers on a busy city street. ISIS had claimed responsibility for the knife attack through its media, but Australian authorities said he was only inspired by the group and did not appear to be direct links.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-australia-46147581|title=Melbourne attack: Man shot dead after fire and fatal stabbing|work=BBC News|date=November 9, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnn.com/2018/11/09/australia/melbourne-incident-intl/index.html|title=Melbourne attack: Suspect was inspired by ISIS but had no direct contact, police say|author=Joshua Berlinger|website=CNN|date=November 9, 2018}}</ref>
|1
|2
|-
|{{Flagicon|Morocco}} Morocco
|December 17
|[[Murders of Louisa Vesterager Jespersen and Maren Ueland]] - Two female Scandiniavian tourists, a Danish and a Norwegian, killed, one beheaded, near [[Imlil, Marrakesh-Safi|Imlil]] in the [[Atlas Mountains]], the murderers filmed their action while branding the two women 'enemies of God' and saying their actions were God's will. Four suspects arrested over the killings and the Moroccan authorities said that they had pledged allegiance to Islamic State before the killings.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2018/12/18/moroccan-police-apprehend-suspect-two-scandinavian-hikers-found/|title=Moroccan police arrest suspect after two Scandinavian women found murdered in Atlas Mountains|date=18 December 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2018/12/20/suspects-morocco-murder-scandavian-tourists-made-video-pledging/|title=Suspects in Morocco murder of Scandavian tourists made video pledging allegiance to Islamic State|date=20 December 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-morocco-crime/morocco-says-suspects-in-scandinavian-tourists-murder-are-linked-to-islamic-state-idUSKCN1OJ0V1|title=Morocco says suspects in Scandinavian tourists' murder are linked to Islamic State|date=20 December 2018}}</ref>
|2
|0
|-
|}

===2019===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! scope="col" | Location
! scope="col" data-sort-type="date" | Date
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Description
! scope="col" data-sort-type="number" | Deaths
! scope="col" data-sort-type="number" | Injuries
|-
|{{Flagicon|Kenya}} [[Kenya]]
|January 15
|[[Nairobi DusitD2 complex attack]] - Militants of [[Al-Shabaab (militant group)|Al-Shabaab]] attacked the [[DusitD2]] hotel at [[Nairobi]] killing many people.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-46888682|title=Kenya attack: 21 confirmed dead in DusitD2 hotel siege|work=BBC News|date=January 16, 2019}}</ref>
|21+
|0
|-
|{{Flagicon|India}} [[India]]
|February 14
|A local from [[Pulwama]] [[Pulwama district|Pulwama]] had [[Vehicle-ramming attack|rammed his car]] full of explosives [[2019 Pulwama attack|into a convoy of Indian Army soldiers]], resulting in the casualty of 40 soldiers. The attack was claimed by Pakistan-based terrorist organization, [[Jaish-e-Mohammed]].<ref name="Gurung">{{cite news |last1=Gurung |first1=Shaurya Karanbir |title=What happened at Pulwama and history of terror attacks on convoys |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/what-happened-at-pulwama-and-history-of-terror-attacks-on-convoys/articleshow/68019194.cms |access-date=16 March 2019 |work=The Economic Times |date=20 February 2019}}</ref>
|40 (+ 1, the suicide bomber)
|35
|-
|{{Flagicon|Philippines}} [[Philippines]]
|January 27
|[[2019 Jolo Cathedral bombings]] - On 27 January 2019, two bombs exploded at the [[Our Lady of Mount Carmel Cathedral, Jolo]], at least 20 people were confirmed dead in the assault and many others injured, which took place just as worshipers gathered for Mass on Sunday. The Islamic State claimed responsibility.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/28/world/asia/isis-philippines-church-bombing.html?module=inline|title=ISIS Bombing of Cathedral in Philippines Shows Group's Reach Into Asia|website=[[The New York Times]]|date=January 28, 2019|last1=Beech|first1=Hannah}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/27/world/asia/philippines-jolo-cathedral-bombing.html?module=inline|title=Philippines Cathedral Bombing Kills 20|website=[[The New York Times]]|date=January 27, 2019|last1=Gutierrez|first1=Jason}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-47018747|title=Jolo church attack: Many killed in Philippines|work=BBC News|date=January 27, 2019}}</ref>
| 20+
| 102
|-
|{{Flagicon|Sri Lanka}} Sri Lanka
|April 21
|[[2019 Sri Lanka Easter bombings]] - on [[Easter Sunday]], three churches across [[Sri Lanka]] and three luxury hotels in the commercial capital [[Colombo]] were bombed. Later that day, there were smaller explosions at a housing complex and a guest house. Several cities in Sri Lanka were targeted. At least 253 people were killed,<ref name="BBC_290_toll">{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-48008073 |title=Sri Lanka attacks: Death toll soars to 290 after bombings hit churches and hotels |website=BBC News |date=22 April 2019 |access-date=22 April 2019 }}</ref> including at least 35 foreign nationals and three police officers, and at least 500 were injured in the bombings.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.ndtv.com/world-news/blasts-at-two-sri-lanka-churches-during-easter-mass-news-agency-afp-2026233|title=156 Dead In Blasts At Two Sri Lanka Churches During Easter Mass: Report|website=NDTV |access-date=21 April 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thenational.ae/world/asia/sri-lanka-easter-bombings-live-blasts-during-church-services-in-colombo-1.851633|title=Sri Lanka Easter bombings live: Blasts during church services in Colombo|website=The National|date=April 21, 2019|access-date=22 April 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url= https://www.reuters.com/article/us-sri-lanka-blast-idUSKCN1RX038 |title=Bombs kill more than 200 in Sri Lankan churches, hotels on Easter Sunday|date=21 April 2019|work=Reuters|access-date=22 April 2019|first1=Ranga|last1=Sirilal|first2=Shihar|last2=Aneez}}</ref><ref name=cnn-21apr2019>{{Cite news|url=https://www.cnn.com/2019/04/21/asia/sri-lanka-explosions/ |first1=Sugam|last1=Pokharel|first2=Euan|last2=McKirdy|title=Sri Lanka blasts: At least 138 dead and more than 400 injured in multiple church and hotel explosions|date=21 April 2019|work=CNN|access-date= 21 April 2019}}</ref> Health Minister [[Rajitha Senaratne]] confirmed that all of the bombers were Sri Lankan citizens associated with [[National Thowheed Jamaath|National Thowheed Jama'ath]] (NTJ), a local militant radical Islamist group, but foreign links are suspected.<ref>{{cite news |title=The Latest: Sri Lanka: local militants carried out attacks |url=https://www.sfchronicle.com/news/crime/article/The-Latest-Curfew-lifted-after-Sri-Lankan-13784450.php |access-date=22 April 2019 |work=San Francisco Chronicle |agency=Associated Press |date=22 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190422091123/https://www.sfchronicle.com/news/crime/article/The-Latest-Curfew-lifted-after-Sri-Lankan-13784450.php |archive-date=April 22, 2019 }}</ref> Multiple foreign intelligence agencies had forewarned of a high probability of attack.
| 269 (+8 bombers)
| 500+
|-
|{{Flagicon|Sri Lanka}} Sri Lanka
|April 27
|[[April 2019 Kalmunai shootout]] - On 27 April 2019, Sri Lankan security forces and militants from [[National Thowheeth Jama'ath]] allegedly linked to [[Islamic State of Iraq and Levant|ISIS]] clashed after the security forces raided a safe house of the militants. Sixteen people, including six children, died during the raid as three cornered suicide bombers blew themselves up.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thenational.ae/world/asia/children-among-16-killed-in-sri-lanka-raid-on-terrorist-hideout-1.854113|title=Children among 16 killed in Sri Lanka raid on terrorist hideout|website=The National|date=April 28, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.cnn.com/2019/04/27/asia/sri-lanka-police-shootout-intl/index.html|title=10 civilians and 6 suspected terrorists killed in police raid in Sri Lanka |author=Sam Kiley |author2=Rebecca Wright |author3=Sheena McKenzie |author4=James Griffiths |work=CNN|date=April 27, 2019}}</ref>
| 16
| 2
|-
|{{Flagicon|France}} [[France]]
|May 24
|Explosion outside a bakery in the town center of [[Lyon]], France, causing damage and injuring 13. The suspect, his parents and sibling arrested. Suspected is migrant from Algeria possessing jihad propaganda.<ref>https://www.france24.com/en/20190530-lyon-bombing-suspect-police-terrorist-jihad Lyon blast suspect to appear before anti-terror judge - France24.</ref>
| -
| 13
|-
|{{Flagicon|Philippines}} [[Philippines]]
|May 26
|On 26 May 2019, militants of the [[Abu Sayyaf]] which is linked to the Islamic State attacked a group of soldiers on the island of [[Jolo]]. Six militants from the insurgent group and two children died. In addition, five soldiers and two civilians were wounded.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/05/26/world/asia/philippines-abu-sayyaf-jolo.html|title=Militants Attack Soldiers in Southern Philippines, Leaving 2 Children Dead|website=[[The New York Times]]|date=May 26, 2019|last1=Gutierrez|first1=Jason}}</ref>
| 7
| 2
|-
|{{Flagicon|Afghanistan}} [[Afghanistan]]
|August 17
|[[17 August 2019 Kabul bombing]] - On 17 August 2019, a suicide bomber detonated a bomb in a wedding hall, killing at least 92 people and injuring more than 140.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.foxnews.com/world/afghanistan-wedding-hall-suicide-bombing-death-toll|title=Afghanistan wedding hall suicide bombing leaves at least 63 dead, more than 180 others wounded|first=Nicole|last=Darrah|date=18 August 2019|website=Fox News}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-49662640|title=A month of killing in Afghanistan|work=BBC News|date=16 September 2019}}</ref>
| 92
| 142
|-
|{{Flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[United Kingdom]]
|November 29
|[[2019 London Bridge stabbing]] - On November 29, convicted Islamist terrorist Usman Khan stabbed members of the public on [[London Bridge]]<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-50604781|title=London Bridge: Two killed in stabbing attack|work=BBC News|date=November 29, 2019}}</ref> before being wrestled to the floor by pedestrians and then shot dead by police.
| 2
| 3
|}

===2020===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! scope="col" | Location
! scope="col" data-sort-type="date" | Date
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Description
! scope="col" data-sort-type="number" | Deaths
! scope="col" data-sort-type="number" | Injuries
|-
|{{Flagicon|Afghanistan}} [[Afghanistan]]
|| March 25
||[[Kabul gurdwara attack]] – At about 7:45 am (local time) [[Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant|ISIL (ISIS)]] gunmen attacked a [[Gurdwara|Sikh religious gathering]] taking dozens of hostages in Kabul on 25 March 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/03/gunmen-attack-sikh-religious-complex-kabul-interior-ministry-200325044905522.html|title=Kabul Sikh temple siege: Dozens killed in attack claimed by ISIL|website=www.aljazeera.com|access-date=2020-03-25}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dw.com/en/gunmen-attack-sikh-temple-in-kabul/a-52907041|title=Gunmen attack Sikh temple in Kabul|date=25 March 2020|website=Deutsche Welle|language=en-GB|access-date=2020-03-25}}</ref> At least 25 people were killed.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2020/03/25/sikh-worshippers-trapped-gunmen-suicide-bombers-storm-kabul/|title=25 killed as Islamic State gunman takes hostages in Kabul Sikh temple|date=25 March 2020|work=The Telegraph|access-date=25 March 2020|agency=Reuters News Agency and Associated Press}}</ref> After six hours of fighting 80 hostages were rescued.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/gunmen-attack-sikh-religious-gathering-in-kabul-4-dead/articleshow/74804783.cms|title=Gunmen attack Sikh religious gathering in Kabul; killing 11 people|date=25 March 2020|work=The Economic Times|access-date=25 March 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Abed|first=Fahim|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/25/world/asia/afghanistan-sikh-kabul.html|title=Gunmen Storm Sikh Complex in Kabul, Killing 25|date=2020-03-25|work=The New York Times|access-date=2020-03-25|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref>
|| 25
|| —
|-
|{{Flagicon|Philippines}} [[Philippines]]
|August 24
|[[2020 Jolo bombings]] – A motorcycle bomb exploded on a busy street in [[Jolo, Sulu]]. As police and the military responded, a female suicide bomber detonated a second bomb, killing at least 14 people and wounding 75. The [[Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant|Islamic State]] is suspected of being behind the pair of bombings.<ref>{{cite web |title=Philippines: Twin explosions hit Jolo, killing at least 14 |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-53895450 |publisher=BBC |access-date=24 August 2020 |date=24 August 2020}}</ref>
| 14
| 75
|-
|{{Flagicon|France}} [[France]]
|October 16
|[[Murder of Samuel Paty]] – A middle-school teacher was attacked and beheaded by an 18 year-old Chechen.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-10-16|title=Conflans Saint-Honorine: un enseignant décapité pour avoir montré les caricatures de Mahomet en classe|url=https://www.lavoixdunord.fr/880175/article/2020-10-16/yvelines-un-homme-decapite-un-suspect-blesse-par-balle-par-la-police|access-date=2020-10-17|website=LA VDN|language=fr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-10-16|title=Enseignant décapité: Emmanuel Macron dénonce "un attentat terroriste islamiste caractérisé"|url=https://www.lavoixdunord.fr/880243/article/2020-10-16/enseignant-decapite-emmanuel-macron-denonce-un-attentat-terroriste-islamiste|access-date=2020-10-17|website=LA VDN|language=fr}}</ref> The teacher had previously shown [[Charlie Hebdo#2012 cartoons depicting Muhammad|''Charlie Hebdo''-Cartoons]] depicting [[Muhammad]] during class. The culprit forewarned of his intentions using his Twitter account.<ref>{{Citation|last=AFP|title=Le tueur du prof décapité a revendiqué l'attentat sur Twitter|date=October 17, 2020 |url=https://www.journaldemontreal.com/2020/10/17/le-tueur-du-prof-decapite-a-revendique-lattentat-sur-twitter-1|access-date=2020-10-17}}</ref>
|1
|
|-
|{{Flagicon|Afghanistan}} [[Afghanistan]]
|October 24
|A [[October 2020 Afghanistan attacks|suicide bombing]] killed at least 30 people and another 70 were injured outside an educational centre in Kabul.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://tolonews.com/afghanistan-167292|title=Latest: At Least 30 Killed in Saturday's Blast in Western Kabul|website=TOLOnews|access-date=27 October 2020}}</ref> The [[Islamic State - Khorasan Province|ISK]] claimed responsibility for the attack.
|30+
|70+
|-
|{{Flagicon|France}} [[France]]
|October 29
|[[2020 Nice stabbing]] – 3 were killed in [[Notre-Dame de Nice]], one of the victims was beheaded.<ref>{{cite news |title=Three dead as woman beheaded in knife attack at French church |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-france-security-nice/two-dead-in-knife-attack-in-french-church-official-say-terrorism-suspected-idUSKBN27E17D |work=Reuters |date=29 October 2020}}</ref>
|3
|
|-
|{{Flagicon|Austria}} Austria
|November 2
|[[2020 Vienna attack]] – Five were killed in [[Stadttempel]], [[Vienna]], including the murderer.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Schuetze |first1=Christopher F. |last2=Eddy |first2=Melissa |last3=Bennhold |first3=Katrin |last4=Koettl |first4=Christoph |title=Vienna Shooting Live Updates: Terrorist Attack in Austria Leaves 3 Dead and Many Wounded |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/11/02/world/europe/vienna-shooting.html |access-date=November 3, 2020 |work=The New York Times |date=3 November 2020}}</ref> The Vienna Police Department confirmed that the attacker was an [[Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant|Islamic State]] sympathizer, and that the attack was motivated by [[Islamic extremism]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Boston |first1=William |last2=Pancevski |first2=Bojan |last3=Bender |first3=Ruth |title=Vienna Shooting: Attacker Was ISIS Sympathizer; at Least Three Dead |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/three-injured-in-armed-attack-on-vienna-synagogue-11604348986 |access-date=November 3, 2020 |work=Wall Street Journal |date=3 November 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Vienna terror attack: 'Islamist' motive suspected in deadly shootings {{!}} DW {{!}} 03.11.2020 |url=https://www.dw.com/en/vienna-terror-attack-islamist-motive-suspected-in-deadly-shootings/a-55478882 |access-date=November 3, 2020 |work=DW.COM |agency=Deutsche Welle (www.dw.com) |publisher=Deutsche Welle (www.dw.com) |date=3 November 2020}}</ref>
|4
|15
|-
|Mozambique
|November 10
|According to state media, Islamic militant groups rounded up and killed 50 people in northern Mozambique. The militants turned a football field into an "execution site" in a village, where they are beheaded and dismembered. State media reported that several more people were beheaded in another village. The militants are linked to the Islamic State group (ISIS). The gunmen reportedly shouted "Allah Akbar" when they stormed the village on Friday night and fired shots from the air. Villagers who tried to flee were taken to a football field where the executions took place. Executions and beheadings reportedly continued from Saturday to Sunday.<ref>{{Cite news|date=10 November 2020|title=Militant Islamists 'behead more than 50' in Mozambique|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-54877202}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=10 November 2020|title=ISIL-linked attackers behead 50 people in northern Mozambique|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/11/10/isil-linked-attackers-behead-50-people-in-northern-mozambique}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=10 November 2020|title=Mozambique police: Islamists behead 50 people in troubled province|url=https://www.dw.com/en/mozambique-police-islamists-behead-50-people-in-troubled-province/a-55549538}}</ref>
|50+
|Unknown
|-
|{{Flagicon|Syria}} [[Syria]]
|December 30
|On December 30, 2020, an assault targeted a bus with Syrian regime soldiers and militiamen of Bashar al-Assad's elite Fourth Brigade returning from their posts in [[Deir ez-Zor]]. The bus was ambushed in a well-planned operation near the village of Shula by jihadists who set up a false checkpoint to stop the convoy and detonated bombs before opening fire.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/dec/31/syria-dozens-killed-in-isis-bus-attack|title=Syria: Dozens killed in Isis bus attack|website=[[TheGuardian.com]]|date=31 December 2020}}</ref> ISIL claimed responsibility.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-syria-crisis-attack/islamic-state-claims-responsibility-for-wednesdays-syria-bus-attack-idUSKBN2951H2?edition-redirect=ca|title=Islamic state claims responsibility for Wednesday's Syria bus attack|newspaper=Reuters|date=31 December 2020}}</ref>
|40
|
|}

==2021-2030==
===2021===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! scope="col" | Location
! scope="col" data-sort-type="date" | Date
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Description
! scope="col" data-sort-type="number" | Deaths
! scope="col" data-sort-type="number" | Injuries
|-
|{{Flagicon|Pakistan}} [[Pakistan]]
|January 3
|[[ISIS]] claims responsibility for killing 11 miners in [[Balochistan, Pakistan]]. They kidnapped the workers on Saturday and took them to the mountains. The victims' hands were tied and their dismembered bodies were found on the floor of a cottage.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Islamic State claims responsibility for attack on Pakistan's Shi'ite Hazara minority that kills 11|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/pakistan-killings-minority-idUSKBN2980HH|website=reuters.com|date=January 3, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Pakistan coal miners kidnapped and killed in IS attack|work=BBC News|date=January 3, 2021|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-55522830}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Gunmen kill many Hazara Shia coal miners in southwest Pakistan|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/1/3/gunmen-kill-at-least-11-from-shia-minority-in-south-west-pakistan|website=aljazeera.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=ISIS claims responsibility for attack on Pakistan's Shi'ite minority|url=https://www.jpost.com/middle-east/isis-claims-responsibility-for-attack-on-pakistans-shiite-minority-654146|website=jpost.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=11 miners killed in Pakistan; ISIS claims responsibility|url=https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/news/world/770294/11-miners-killed-in-pakistan-isis-claims-responsibility/story/|website=gmanetwork.com|date=January 4, 2021 }}</ref>
| 11
| —
|-
|{{Flagicon|Iraq}} [[Iraq]]
| January 21
| ISIS targeted [[Shia Muslims]] in a clothing market in Tayaran Square, Baghdad, leading to widespread condemnation.<ref name=":3">{{cite web|date=22 January 2021|title=ISIL takes responsibility for deadly Baghdad suicide bombings|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/1/22/islamic-state-claims-deadly-baghdad-twin-suicide-bombing|access-date=22 January 2021|publisher=Al Jazeera English}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{cite web|date=22 January 2021|title=Iraq bombing: IS says it was behind deadly suicide attacks in Baghdad|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-55760822|access-date=22 January 2021|publisher=BBC News}}</ref><ref name=":5">{{cite web|date=22 January 2021|title=Islamic State claims responsibility for Baghdad's suicide attack|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-iraq-security-islamic-state/islamic-state-claims-responsibility-for-baghdads-suicide-attack-idUSKBN29Q336?il=0|access-date=22 January 2021|publisher=Reuters}}</ref>
|32
|110
|-
|{{Flagicon|Maldives}} [[Maldives]]
|May 6
|An [[assassination attempt]] was made against Maldivian speaker of the [[People's Majlis]] and former president [[Mohamed Nasheed]] near his home in Malé. At 20:39 [[UTC+05:00|MVT (UTC+5)]], a homemade explosive device planted on a parked motorcycle exploded, injuring Nasheed and four others.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/5/6/former-maldives-president-nasheed-hurt-in-suspected-bomb-attack|title = Former Maldives president hurt in suspected bomb attack}}</ref>
| —
|5
|-
|{{Flagicon|Iraq}} [[Iraq]]
|July 19
|In the evening, an ISIS suicide bomber detonated his vest in a crowded market in the densely populated neighbourhood of Baghdad's Sadr City, killing at least 30 people. It was near the eve of [[Eid al-Adha]] Islamic festival. Women and children were among the dead and wounded and some shops burned down as a result of the explosion. ISIS claims responsibility for the attack.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2021/07/20/middleeast/isis-claims-responsibility-iraq-blast-intl-hnk/index.html|title = ISIS claims responsibility for Iraq suicide attack that left dozens dead| date=July 20, 2021 }}</ref>
|30
|50
|-
|{{Flagicon|Afghanistan}} [[Afghanistan]]
|August 26
|The [[2021 Kabul airport attack]]; ISIS claimed two suicide attacks near [[Hamid Karzai International Airport]]. 13 US service members and at least 170 Afghans were killed in the attacks.<ref>{{Cite news|date=27 August 2021|title=US troops and Afghans killed in suicide attacks outside Kabul airport|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2021/08/26/asia/afghanistan-kabul-airport-blast-intl/index.html}}</ref>
|183
|200
|-
|{{flagicon|New Zealand}} [[New Zealand]]
|September 3
|An ISIS supporter stabbed six people before being shot by police in Auckland, New Zealand. The attacker came to New Zealand in 2011 and became a person of interest in October 2016, authorities said.<ref>{{Cite news|date=3 September 2021|title=ISIS supporter shot dead by New Zealand police after shoppers stabbed in 'terrorist attack'|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2021/09/03/asia/new-zealand-attack-intl-hnk/index.html}}</ref>
|1
|6
|}

===2022===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! scope="col" | Location
! scope="col" data-sort-type="date" | Date
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Description
! scope="col" data-sort-type="number" | Deaths
! scope="col" data-sort-type="number" | Injuries
|-
|{{Flagicon|Nigeria}} [[Nigeria]]
|May 5
|Over 50 people were killed in a massacre carried out in [[Ondo State]] at a [[Owo church attack|Catholic Church on Pentecost Sunday]]. The Government has blamed ISWAP for the murders, but locals blame Moslem Fulani Herdsmen.<ref>{{Cite web|last=ACN|date=2022-06-07|title=ACN statement about the Pentecost massacre in St. Francis Xavier Church in Owo, Nigeria |url=https://acninternational.org/massacre-in-owo-nigeria/ |access-date=2022-11-18|website=ACN International|language=en-US}}</ref>
|50+
|unconfirmed
|-
|{{Flagicon|Nigeria}} [[Nigeria]]
|June 5
|An attack by a group of armed men took place on worshippers gathered for [[Pentecost]] Mass in a Catholic church in [[Owo]] in [[Ondo State, Nigeria|Ondo]] State. The militants used explosives and fired into the church through the windows. The militants then fled the scene.<ref>{{cite news|language=fr|title=Nigeria: des hommes armés perpètrent un massacre dans une église catholique|newspaper=Le Monde.fr|date=2022-06-06|url=https://www.lemonde.fr/afrique/article/2022/06/06/nigeria-des-hommes-armes-font-un-massacre-dans-une-eglise-catholique_6129061_3212.html|access-date=2022-06-08}}</ref>
|22
|58
|-
|{{flagicon|Norway}} [[Norway]]
|June 25
|Two people were killed and 21 injured, 10 of them seriously, in a busy nightlife district in Oslo.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-61933817|title= 2022: Oslo shooting: Norway attack being treated as Islamist terrorism, police say|publisher=BBC News|access-date=June 25, 2022}}</ref>
|2
|21
|-
|{{Flagicon|India}} [[India]]
|June 28
|[[Murder of Kanhaiya Lal]] – A [[Hindu]] tailor was murdered by two [[Muslims|Muslim]] assailants on 28 June 2022 in [[Udaipur]], in the Indian state of [[Rajasthan]]. The assailants captured the attack on camera and circulated the video online.<ref name="nytimes-29Jun22">{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/06/29/world/asia/india-muslim-hindu-killing-udaipur.html |url-access=subscription |title=Religious Unrest Spreads in India With Killing of Hindu Man|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=29 June 2022|first1=Suhasini |last1=Raj}}</ref><ref name="CNN-29June22">{{Cite news|url=https://www.cnn.com/2022/06/29/india/india-udaipur-hindu-muslim-killing-intl-hnk/index.html|title=Brutal killing caught on camera stokes India religious tensions|date=29 June 2022|first1=Swati|last1=Gupta|first2=Rhea|last2=Mogul|first3=Esha|last3=Mitra|first4=Alex|last4=Stambaugh|work=[[CNN]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-61976836|title=Udaipur: Rajasthan on edge after Prophet Muhammad row beheading |work=[[BBC News]]|date=30 June 2022}}</ref> In a second video (taken after the attack), the assailants boasted about the murder to [[Islam and blasphemy|avenge the insult to Islam]]<ref>{{Cite news|title=Watch: How Men in Video of Udaipur Murder were caught|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/video-udaipur-tailor-kanhaiya-lal-murder-accused-overpowered-by-cops-while-fleeing-3110547 |date=June 30, 2022|work=[[NDTV]]|language=en}}</ref> and also made threats against India's [[Prime Minister of India|Prime Minister]] [[Narendra Modi]].<ref name="news.com.au-30Jun22">{{cite news|last1=Backhouse |first1=Andrew |title=Tailor beheaded in India, protests erupt, internet cut off |url=https://www.news.com.au/world/asia/tailor-beheaded-in-india-protests-erupt-internet-cut-off/news-story/f1187e8505724823d3f690dc8739961f|date=30 June 2022|work=[[news.com.au]]}}</ref><ref name="thewire.in-02Jul22">{{cite news|title=As Photos Emerge of Udaipur Killer's Links to BJP Leaders, Party Moves to Damage Control Mode |url=https://thewire.in/security/as-photos-emerge-of-udaipur-killers-links-to-bjp-leaders-party-moves-to-damage-control-mode|access-date=2 July 2022|work=[[The Wire (India)]] |date=2 July 2022}}</ref>
|1
|
|-
|{{Flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[United Kingdom]]
|June 30
|A 17-year old convert to Islam, Lloyd Gunton, was apprehended in possession of a knife and a hammer in [[Cardiff]] after sending a note to his parents describing himself as a soldier of ISIS and tasked with killing unbelievers, including Justin Bieber whose concert he was planning to attend. He was sentenced to indefinite custody in March 2023.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.sky.com/story/lloyd-gunton-jailed-for-is-inspired-plan-to-attack-cardiff-11273062 |title=Lloyd Gunton jailed for IS-inspired 'mass murder' plan in Cardiff |publisher=Sky News |date=2 March 2018 |access-date=16 April 2023}}</ref>
|
|
|-
|{{Flagicon|United States}} [[United States]]
|August 12
|[[The Satanic Verses]] author Salman Rushie was [[Stabbing of Salman Rushdie|stabbed]] following a 1989 fatwa by [[Ayatollah Khomeini]], condemning him for the book's allegorical presentation of the possible validity of the so-called [[Satanic Verses]] content of the Quran.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://english.alaraby.co.uk/news/salman-rushdie-attacker-sympathetic-shia-extremism|title=Salman Rushdie attacker 'sympathetic to Shia extremism'|date=August 13, 2022}}</ref>
|
|2
|-
|{{Flagicon|Nigeria}} [[Nigeria]]
|August 26
|A Christian member of the National Youth Service Corps, Samaila Sabo Awudu, posted to the town of [[Yola, Adamawa]] was killed after "a group of five armed Muslims attacked him when they broke into his residence at the NYSC lodge in Yola and cut him with machetes." The men fled and Awudu died later in the Federal Medical Centre in Yola.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.crosswalk.com/headlines/christian-youth-corps-member-killed-in-adamawa-state-nigeria.html|title=Christian Youth Corps Member Killed in Adamawa State, Nigeria }}</ref> It is believed that they were offended by his presence working at Yola's College of Islamic Theology.
|1
|
|-
|{{Flagicon|Egypt}} [[Egypt]]
|August 30
|A Christian father and son, Salama Waheeb and his son Hany, were shot dead at Gelbana, 20 kilometres east of the city of [[El Qantara]] on the Suez Canal by [[Islamic State]] militants. They were working in their fields at the time. The militants escaped from the scene.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.worldwatchmonitor.org/2022/09/egypt-copt-and-son-killed-in-is-attack/|title=Egypt: Copt and son killed in IS attack|date=September 7, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thenews-chronicle.com/egypt-christian-father-and-son-killed-by-islamic-state-terrorists/|title=Egypt: Christian Father and Son Killed by Islamic State Terrorists|date=September 2, 2022}}</ref>
|2
|
|-
|{{Flagicon|Afghanistan}} [[Afghanistan]]
|September 30
|A suicide bombing suspected to be carried out by [[Islamic State – Khorasan Province|ISK]] caused the death more than 20 people and wounded dozens according to a police spokesman. The attack occurred at a tutorial centre during a mock exam for both men and women in a [[Hazaras|Hazara]] neighbourhood. Most of the victims were women.<ref>{{cite web| url=https://uk.news.yahoo.com/suicide-attack-tutoring-center-kabul-130939772.html|title=Suicide attack at tutoring center in Kabul kills 19|date=September 30, 2022 }}</ref>
|25
|36
|-
|{{Flagicon|France}} [[France]]
|October 7
|In [[Chateau-Thierry]], a Muslim man stabbed his mother and younger brother and then went on a stabbing spree along the street before being apprehended by police while making Islamic prayers at the roadside.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thetimes.com.ng/2022/10/france-muslim-stabs-six-people-takes-out-quran-and-prayer-rug-and-starts-praying-cops-say-its-not-linked-to-islamist-radicalization/|title=France: Muslim Stabs Six People, Takes Out Qur'an and Prayer Rug and Starts Praying, Cops Say It's Not 'linked to Islamist Radicalization'|date=October 8, 2022}}{{Dead link|date=July 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
|
|6
|-
|{{Flagicon|Germany}}[[Germany]]
|October 18
|A Somali man shouted "Allahu Akbar" before stabbing and killing two men, one of whom had his hand chopped off, and wounding a third in a street in [[Ludwigshafen]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://rmx.news/germany/allahu-akbar-somali-migrant-stabs-two-germans-to-death-and-cuts-one-victims-hand-off-before-being-shot-by-police-ludwigshafen-oggersheim/| title='Allahu Akbar!' – Somali migrant stabs two Germans and cuts one victim's hand off before being shot by police|date=October 19, 2022 }}</ref>
|2
|1
|-
|{{Flagicon|Nigeria}} [[Nigeria]]
|October 19
|At Gbeji in [[Benue State]], a group of Muslim Fulani attacked the village at 6:00 am, burned the church and killed all the villagers that they could catch.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.catholicnewsagency.com/news/252688/dozens-of-catholic-villagers-reportedly-killed-in-central-nigeria-raid | title=Dozens of Catholic villagers reportedly killed in Central Nigeria raid }}</ref>
|71+
|36
|-
|{{Flagicon|Somalia}} [[Somalia]]
|October 30
|[[October 2022 Mogadishu bombings|Car bombings]] kill over 100 in Mogadishu, says Somali president. At least 300 wounded.<ref>{{cite web| url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/oct/30/car-bombings-kill-at-least-100-in-mogadishu-says-somali-president|title='Car bombings kill at least 100 in Mogadishu, says Somali president|website=[[TheGuardian.com]] |date=October 30, 2022}}</ref>
|121
|300+
|-
|{{Flagicon|Belgium}} [[Belgium]]
|November 10
|One Belgian police officer is dead and another wounded in a stabbing attack in Brussels. According to Belgian media, the attacker shouted “Allahu akbar”.<ref>{{cite web| url=https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/police-officer-stabbed-suspected-brussels-terror-attack-93068750|title=Police officer killed in suspected Brussels terror attack|website=[[ABC News]] |date=November 10, 2022}}</ref>
|1
|1
|}

===2023===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! scope="col" | Location
! scope="col" data-sort-type="date" | Date
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Description
! scope="col" data-sort-type="number" | Deaths
! scope="col" data-sort-type="number" | Injuries
|-
|{{Flagicon|Nigeria}} [[Nigeria]]
|May 11
|In Karu county in [[Nasarawa State]], Fulani herdsmen killed a church pastor, his wife and 41 other people in an attack last month on two predominantly Christian villages. The attack took place after dark at around 9 p.m., with the attackers killing mostly women and children. An eye-witness described the attackers as "Muslim terrorists". Four more severely injured victims died later in hospital.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.newsrael.com/posts/g2yqrzhlw7 | title=Nigeria: Muslims murder 43 Christians, including pastor and his wife, in jihad attack on Christian villages }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://neptuneprime.com.ng/2023/05/14/terrorists-kill-ecwa-pastor-38-others-in-nasarawa/ | title=Terrorists kill ECWA pastor, 37 others in Nasarawa | date=May 14, 2023 }}</ref>
|47
|unconfirmed
|-
|{{Flagicon|Pakistan}} [[Pakistan]]
|July 30
|In the [[2023 Khar bombing]], the [[Islamic State – Khorasan Province]] carried out a [[Suicide attack|suicide bombing]] at a [[Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam (F)]] rally in [[Khar, Bajaur|Khar]], [[Bajaur District]], [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]], [[Pakistan]], killing at least 63 people<ref name="aj63">{{Cite web |date=2 August 2023|title= Pakistan suicide bombing death toll rises to 63 |url= https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/8/2/pakistan-suicide-bombing-death-toll-rises-to-63|work=Aljazeera}}</ref> and injuring over 200 others.<ref name="SKY NEWS"/><ref>{{Cite web |date=30 July 2023 |title=Suspected Pakistan suicide bombing kills at least 54, injures 135 more at political rally |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/bomb-political-rally-northwest-pakistan-kills-least-35-people-wounds-1-rcna97141|access-date=31 July 2023 |website=NBC News |language=en |archive-date=30 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230730214355/https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/bomb-political-rally-northwest-pakistan-kills-least-35-people-wounds-1-rcna97141 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=1 August 2023 |title=Pakistan suicide bombing death toll rises to 56 |url=https://thefinancialexpress.com.bd/world/asia/pakistan-suicide-bombing-death-toll-rises-to-56 |access-date=2 August 2023|website=The Financial Express}}</ref>
|63+
|200+
|-
|{{Flagicon|Mali}} [[Mali]]
|September 9
|Islamist militants have attacked a river boat in north-eastern Mali, killing at least 49 civilians and 15 soldiers the interim government says.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-66747884 | title=Mali: At least 49 civilians reported dead in attack on river boat|website=BBC}}</ref>

|64+
|unknown
|}

== See also ==
* [[List of terrorist incidents]]
* [[List of terrorist incidents linked to the Islamic State]]
* [[Terrorism in Europe]]

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

==External links==
U.S. Government:
* [https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/ct/rls/crt US State Department Country Reports on Terrorism]
* [http://2001-2009.state.gov/r/pa/ho/pubs/fs/5902.htm Significant Terrorist Incidents, 1961–2003: A Brief Chronology]
** [https://2009-2017.state.gov/documents/organization/33890.pdf Appendix A Chronology of Significant International Terrorist Incidents, 2003 (Revised 6/22/04)]
* [https://2009-2017.state.gov/documents/organization/211361.pdf Significant Attacks Against U.S. Diplomatic Facilities and Personnel 1998–2012]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20151004201543/https://www.fbi.gov/about-us/investigate/terrorism/terrorism_cases List of Major Terrorism Cases from the FBI]

News:
* [https://www.nbcnews.com/id/4677978/ns/world_news-hunt_for_al_qaida/t/al-qaida-timeline-plots-attacks/ Al Qaida timeline plots and attacks 1992–2005]
* [https://www.nbcnews.com/id/5437742/ns/world_news-hunt_for_al_qaida/t/terror-strikes-blamed-al-zarqawi-iraq/ Terror strikes blamed on Al zarqawi 1992–2005]
* [https://www.wsj.com/articles/timeline-of-terror-attacks-in-past-20-years-1420662841 Timeline of Terror Attacks in Past 20 Years 1995–2015]

Books with lists:
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=pIMkCocnQUcC&pg=PA174 Global Terrorism By Leonard Weinberg page 174]
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=bSCIExNdjDsC Encyclopedia of Terrorist, Natural, and Man-Made Disasters by Michael I. Greenberg]
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=EZAdQAuPyKAC& Disaster! A Compendium of Terrorist, Natural, and Man-Made Catastrophes By Michael I. Greenberg]

Books with additional resources:
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=_PXpFxKRsHgC The Routledge Handbook of Terrorism Research]

Web sites/pages:
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20151006004407/http://terrorism.grady.uga.edu/history/ "A History of Terror..." (prior to September 11)]
* [http://www.johnstonsarchive.net/terrorism/wrjp255a.html Terrorist attacks and related incidents in the United States]

{{List of Terrorist Incidents}}

{{Terrorism topics}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:List Of Islamist Terrorist Attacks}}

[[Category:Islamic terrorist incidents|*]]
[[Category:Lists of attacks|Islamist terrorist attacks]]
[[Category:Terrorism-related lists]]
[[Category:Terrorist incidents by perpetrator|Islamist terrorist attacks]]
[[Category:War on terror]]

Auqaf Board

2023-09-08T12:54:57Z

EmanuelH79: New addition.

{{Orphan}}

'''Auqaf Board''' is a statutory body established in 1936 under the Bengal Waqf Act, 1934.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bengal Wakf Act, 1934 |url=https://www.courtkutchehry.com/Judgement/Search/AdvancedV2?s_acts=Bengal%20Wakf%20Act,%201934 |access-date=2023-09-08 |website=www.courtkutchehry.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=List of Waqf premises |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/list-of-waqf-premises/cid/1199761 |access-date=2023-09-08 |website=www.telegraphindia.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Alamgir |first=Khoundkar |title=AWQAF PROPERTIES IN BENGAL SINCE THE PERIOD OF MUSLIM RULE |url=https://www.academia.edu/45663964/AWQAF_PROPERTIES_IN_BENGAL_SINCE_THE_PERIOD_OF_MUSLIM_RULE |journal=Asiatic Society of Bangladesh}}</ref> It is run under the Ministry of Minority Affairs and Madarsah Education of [[Government of West Bengal]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=» Board of Auqaf |url=https://wbminorityaffairs.gov.in/Organisation/board-of-wakf/ |access-date=2023-09-08 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=6.1 lakh Waqf properties across India, most in UP, West Bengal, Karnataka |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/6-1-lakh-waqf-properties-across-india-most-in-up-west-bengal-karnataka/articleshow/74021460.cms |access-date=2023-09-08 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=সংবাদদাতা |first=নিজস্ব |title=ওয়াকফের জমি বেদখল, নালিশ শুনল সংখ্যালঘু কমিশন |url=https://www.anandabazar.com/west-bengal/midnapore/west-bengal-minorities-commission-listened-about-the-land-encroachment-of-waqf-community-at-midnapore/cid/1425276 |access-date=2023-09-08 |website=www.anandabazar.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Datta |first=Romita |title=Govt looks for ways to secure Waqf properties against encroachers |url=https://www.livemint.com/Politics/rMMCEni09rtdJElyozVpJK/Govt-looks-for-ways-to-secure-Waqf-properties-against-encroa.html |access-date=2023-09-08 |website=https://www.livemint.com |language=en}}</ref> It is under the provision of [[Central Waqf Council]] after the Central Waqf Act, 1954.<ref>{{Cite web |title=West Bengal {{!}} Central Waqf Council |url=https://centralwaqfcouncil.gov.in/content/west-bengal |access-date=2023-09-08 |website=centralwaqfcouncil.gov.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Shamsi,DHNS |first=Mohammed Safi |title=Bengal’s imams want Mamata Banerjee to revise honorarium, keep promises |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/bengal-s-imams-want-mamata-banerjee-to-revise-honorarium-keep-promises-1155414.html |access-date=2023-09-08 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref>

== Committee ==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Name
!Designation
|-
|Md. Abdul Ghani (retired Chief Justice)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mamata Banerjee increases monthly allowance of Muslim clerics, Hindu priests |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/west-bengal-chief-minister-in-imam-and-muezzins-conference-in-kolkata-2424417-2023-08-21 |access-date=2023-09-08 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Rs 500-crore state fund for Waqf Board |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/rs-500-crore-state-fund-for-waqf-board/articleshow/23484122.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-09-08 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|Chairperson
|-
|[[Nadimul Haque|Nadimul Hoque]] (MP, Rajya Sabha)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Wakf Act not being repealed: Government |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-wakf-act-not-being-repealed-government-2083475 |access-date=2023-09-08 |website=DNA India |language=en}}</ref>
|Member
|-
|[[Khalilur Rahaman]] (MP, Lok Sabha)<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Kolkata Gazzette |url=https://wbminorityaffairs.gov.in/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/SAR_26_Minority-Affairs-Madrasah-Education-Deptt._No.-146-MD-1.pdf}}</ref>
|Member
|-
|Shama Perveen (IAS)
|Member
|-
|[[Haji Nurul Islam|Sk. Nurul Islam]] (MLA, WBLA)
|Member
|-
|Jakir Hossain (MLA, WBLA)
|Member
|-
|Nasiruddin Ahmad (Member, WB Bar Council)
|Member
|-
|Affakuzzaman Khan (Sajjadanasheen, Dargah)
|Member
|-
|Qari Fazlur Rahman
|Member
|-
|Humayun Ali Mirza (Shia Scholar)
|Member
|-
|}

== Controversies ==

* The West Bengal Waqf Scam of 1000 crores.<ref>{{Cite web |last=TwoCircles.net |title=CBI starts probe into West Bengal waqf scam worth Rs 1000 Cr |url=https://twocircles.net/2012may24/cbi_starts_probe_west_bengal_waqf_scam_worth_rs_1000_cr.html |access-date=2023-09-08 |website=TwoCircles.net |language=en-US}}</ref>
* The 4% of the Waqf properties are snatched from board to the people.<ref>{{Cite web |last=News |first=IANS |title=पश्चिम बंगाल में वक्फ बोर्ड की करीब 4 फीसदी संपत्ति पर कब्जा |url=https://www.bhaskarhindi.com/politics/news/in-west-bengal-about-4-percent-property-of-waqf-board-is-occupied-409663 |access-date=2023-09-08 |website=www.bhaskarhindi.com |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Desk |first=News |title=Nearly 4% Of Waqf Properties In West Bengal Under Encroachment |url=https://english.telugustop.com/nearly-4-of-waqf-properties-in-west-bengal-under-encroachment-latest-eng-news-1517062/?desktop=yes |access-date=2023-09-08 |website=TeluguStop.com}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:1936 establishments in India]]
[[Category:State Wakf Board of India]]
[[Category:Organisations based in West Bengal]]

First-class cricket

2023-07-29T06:53:38Z

EmanuelH79: /* See also */Link added to the next tier down (in England and Wales)

{{Short description|Cricket played at the highest domestic standard}}
{{Use British English|date=July 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2019}}
{{Cricket sidebar |expanded=all}}
'''First-class cricket''', along with [[List A cricket]] and [[Twenty20 cricket]], is one of the highest-standard forms of [[cricket]]. A first-class match is one of three or more days' scheduled duration between two sides of eleven players each and is officially adjudged to be worthy of the status by virtue of the standard of the competing teams. Matches must allow for the teams to play two [[innings]] each, although in practice a team might play only one innings or none at all.

The etymology of "first-class cricket" is unknown, but it was used loosely before it acquired official status in 1895, following a meeting of leading English clubs. At a meeting of the [[International Cricket Council|Imperial Cricket Conference]] (ICC) in 1947, it was formally defined on a global basis. A significant omission of the ICC ruling was any attempt to define first-class cricket retrospectively. That has left historians, and especially statisticians, with the problem of how to categorise earlier matches, especially those played in Great Britain before 1895. The [[Association of Cricket Statisticians and Historians]] (ACS) has published a list of early matches which are believed to have been of a high standard.

[[Test cricket]], the highest standard of cricket, is statistically a form of first-class cricket, though the term "first-class" is mainly used to refer to domestic competition. A player's first-class statistics include any performances in Test matches.

==Initial usage under MCC ruling, May 1894==
Before 1894 "first-class" was a common adjective applied to cricket matches in England, used loosely to suggest that a match had a high standard; adjectives like "great", "important" and "major" were also loosely applied to such matches, but there tended to be differences of opinion. In the inaugural issue of ''[[Cricket: A Weekly Record of the Game]]'' on 10 May 1882, the term is used twice on page 2 in reference to the recently completed [[English cricket team in Australia and New Zealand in 1881–82|tour of Australia and New Zealand]] by [[Alfred Shaw|Alfred Shaw's XI]]. The report says it is "taking" the first-class matches to be one against [[New South Wales cricket team|Sydney]] (''sic''), two each against [[Victoria cricket team|Victoria]], the Combined team and the Australian Eleven, and another against [[South Australia cricket team|South Australia]].<ref name="C11">[https://archive.acscricket.com/cricket/1882/10 "English & Australian Cricket"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220921211016/https://archive.acscricket.com/cricket/1882/10/ |date=21 September 2022 }} ''Cricket'', issue 1, 10 May 1882, p. 2.</ref> In the fourth issue on 1 June 1882, [[James Lillywhite]] refers to first-class matches on the tour but gives a different list.<ref name="C446">[https://archive.acscricket.com/cricket/1882/10 "The Cricket Scandal"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220921211016/https://archive.acscricket.com/cricket/1882/10/ |date=21 September 2022 }} ''Cricket'', issue 4, 1 June 1882, p. 46.</ref>

The earliest known [[cricket scorecard|match scorecard]]s date from 1744 but few have been found before 1772.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/wisdenalmanack/content/story/152818.html |last=Bowen |first=Rowland |author-link=Rowland Bowen |title=Cricket in the 17th and 18th centuries |work=Wisden Cricketers' Almanack |year=1965 |publisher=John Wisden & Co. Ltd |location=London |access-date=12 March 2021 |archive-date=22 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201122064232/https://www.espncricinfo.com/wisdenalmanack/content/story/152818.html |url-status=live }}</ref>{{sfn|Bowen|1970|pp=263–264}} The cards for three 1772 matches have survived and scorecards became increasingly common thereafter.{{sfn|ACS|1981|pp=21–24, 31}} At the beginning of the 1860s, there were only four formally constituted county clubs. [[Sussex County Cricket Club|Sussex]] was the oldest, formed in 1839, and it had been followed by [[Kent County Cricket Club|Kent]], [[Nottinghamshire County Cricket Club|Nottinghamshire]] and [[Surrey County Cricket Club|Surrey]]. In the early 1860s, several more county clubs were founded, and questions began to be raised in the sporting press about which should be categorised as first-class, but there was considerable disagreement in the answers. In 1880, the [[Cricket Reporting Agency]] was founded. It acquired influence through the decade especially by association with ''[[Wisden Cricketers' Almanack]]'' (''Wisden'') and the press came to generally rely on its information and opinions.{{sfn|ACS|1982|pp=4}}

The term acquired official status, though limited to matches in Great Britain, following a meeting at [[Lord's]] in May 1894 between the [[Marylebone Cricket Club]] (MCC) committee and the secretaries of the clubs involved in the official [[County Championship]], which had begun in 1890. As a result, those clubs became first-class from 1895 along with MCC, [[Cambridge University Cricket Club|Cambridge University]], [[Oxford University Cricket Club|Oxford University]], senior cricket touring teams (i.e., [[Australia national cricket team|Australia]] and [[South Africa national cricket team|South Africa]] at that time) and other teams designated as such by MCC (e.g., [[North v South]], [[Gentlemen v Players]] and occasional "elevens" which consisted of recognised first-class players).{{sfn|ACS|1982|pp=4–5}} Officially, therefore, the inaugural first-class match was the opening game of the 1895 season between MCC and [[Nottinghamshire County Cricket Club|Nottinghamshire]] at Lord's on 1 and 2 May, MCC winning by 37 runs.<ref name="CA4287">{{cite web |url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/4/4287.html |title=Marylebone Cricket Club v Nottinghamshire, 1–2 May 1895 |work=CricketArchive |access-date=16 September 2022 |url-access=subscription |archive-date=17 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220917175418/https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/4/4287.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

"[[Test cricket|Test match]]" was another loosely applied term at the time but the first list of matches considered to be "Tests" was conceived and published by South Australian journalist Clarence P. Moody in his 1894 book, ''Australian Cricket and Cricketers, 1856 to 1893–94''. His proposal was widely accepted after a list of 39 matches was reproduced in the 28 December 1894 issue of ''Cricket'' magazine. The list began with the [[Melbourne Cricket Ground]] match played 15–17 March 1877 and ended with a recent match at the [[Sydney Cricket Ground|Association Ground, Sydney]] played 14–20 December 1894.<ref name="C379463">[https://archive.acscricket.com/cricket/1894/487/ "The First Test Match"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220908225143/https://archive.acscricket.com/cricket/1894/487/ |date=8 September 2022 }} ''Cricket'', issue 379, 28 December 1894, pp. 463–464.</ref> All of Moody's matches, plus four additional ones, were retrospectively recognised as Test matches and also, thereby, as first-class matches.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Records/England/Test/Team/List_of_Matches.html |title=List of Test Matches |work=CricketArchive |access-date=9 September 2022 |url-access=subscription |archive-date=9 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220909044131/https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Records/England/Test/Team/List_of_Matches.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Formal definition under ICC ruling, May 1947==
The term "first-class cricket" was formally defined by the then [[International Cricket Council|Imperial Cricket Conference]] (ICC) on 19 May 1947. It was made clear that the definition "will not have retrospective effect".{{sfn|Wisden|1948|p=813}} The definition is as follows:{{sfn|Wisden|1948|p=813}}

<blockquote>A match of three or more days' duration between two sides of eleven players officially adjudged first-class, shall be regarded as a first-class fixture. Matches in which either team have more than eleven players or which are scheduled for less than three days shall not be regarded as first-class. The Governing body in each country shall decide the status of teams.</blockquote>

For example, MCC was authorised to determine the status of matches played in Great Britain. To all intents and purposes, the 1947 ICC definition confirmed the 1894 MCC definition, and gave it international recognition and usage.

Hence, official judgment of status is the responsibility of the governing body in each country that is a ''full member'' of the [[International Cricket Council]] (ICC). The governing body grants first-class status to international teams and to domestic teams that are representative of the country's highest playing standard. Later ICC rulings make it possible for international teams from ''associate members'' of the ICC to achieve first-class status but it is dependent on the status of their opponents in a given match.<ref name="ICCCOC">{{cite journal |url=https://pulse-static-files.s3.amazonaws.com/ICC/document/2017/09/24/4510678a-e031-4a9b-a402-397d4868adb6/ICC-Classification-of-Official-Cricket-Effective-1st-October-2017.pdf |title=ICC Classification of Official Cricket |journal=ICC Classifications |page=[https://pulse-static-files.s3.amazonaws.com/ICC/document/2017/09/24/4510678a-e031-4a9b-a402-397d4868adb6/ICC-Classification-of-Official-Cricket-Effective-1st-October-2017.pdf#page=3 3] |publisher=International Cricket Council |date=1 October 2017 |access-date=15 October 2017 |archive-date=10 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210410224534/https://pulse-static-files.s3.amazonaws.com/ICC/document/2017/09/24/4510678a-e031-4a9b-a402-397d4868adb6/ICC-Classification-of-Official-Cricket-Effective-1st-October-2017.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>

===Definition===
According to the ICC definition, a match may be adjudged first-class if:<ref name="ICCCOC"/>
* it is of three or more days scheduled duration
* each side playing the match has eleven players
* each side may have two innings
* the match is played on natural, and not artificial, turf
* the match is played at a venue which meets certain standard criteria regarding venues
* the match conforms to the [[Laws of Cricket]], except for only minor amendments
* the sport's governing body in the appropriate nation, or the ICC itself, recognises the match as first-class.

A Test match is a first-class match played between two ICC full member countries, subject to their current status at the ICC and the application of ICC conditions when the match is played.<ref name="ICCCOC"/>

===Recognised matches===
In 2010, the ICC published its ''Classification of Official Cricket'' which includes the criteria with which a match must comply to achieve a desired categorisation. In the section on first-class cricket, there is a list of the types of match that ''should'' qualify. It is important to note, given the differences in opinion about what constitutes a first-class match, that the ICC clearly stipulates that its match type list "is not exhaustive and is merely '''indicative of the matches which would''' fall into the first-class definition". For example, the list includes matches of recognised first-class teams ''versus'' international touring teams; and the leading domestic championships (using their then-current names) such as the [[County Championship]], [[Sheffield Shield]], [[Ranji Trophy]], etc.<ref name="ICCCOC"/>

==Examples of first-class domestic competitions==

===Current active men's competitions===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: left;"
|-
!style"text-align: left;"|Country
!Name
!Notes
|-
|{{cr|England}}||[[County Championship]]||
|-
|{{cr|South Africa}}||[[4-Day Domestic Series]]||
|-
|{{cr|Australia}}||[[Sheffield Shield]]||
|-
|{{cr|New Zealand}}||[[Plunket Shield]]||
|-
|rowspan=3|{{cr|India}}||[[Ranji Trophy]]||
|-
| [[Duleep Trophy]]||Competition between teams selected by [[Board of Control for Cricket in India|BCCI]]
|-
| [[Irani Cup]]||Played between the winner of Ranji Trophy and a [[Rest of India cricket team|Rest of India]] team selected by [[Board of Control for Cricket in India|BCCI]]
|-
|{{cr|Pakistan}}||[[Quaid-e-Azam Trophy]]||Played by zonal associations since 2019.
|-
|{{cr|West Indies}}||[[Regional Four Day Competition]]||
|-
|{{cr|Sri Lanka}}||[[Premier Trophy|Major League Tournament]]||
|-
|rowspan=2|{{cr|Bangladesh}}||[[National Cricket League]]|| Played by 8 [[Divisions of Bangladesh| division]]-based teams selected by the [[Bangladesh Cricket Board|BCB]].
|-
| [[Bangladesh Cricket League]]||Played between 4 zone teams selected by the BCB
|-
|{{cr|Zimbabwe}}||[[Logan Cup]]||
|-
|{{cr|Afghanistan|2013}}||[[Ahmad Shah Abdali 4-day Tournament]]||
|-
|{{cr|Ireland|2016}}||[[Inter-Provincial Championship]]||
|-
|}

==Retrospective classification of matches played before the definitions==
The absence of any ICC ruling about matches played before 1947 (or before 1895 in Great Britain) is problematic for those cricket statisticians who wish to categorise earlier matches in the same way. They have responded by compiling their own match lists and allocating a strictly ''unofficial'' first-class status to the matches they consider to have been of a high standard. It is therefore a matter of opinion only with no official support. Inevitable differences have arisen and there are [[variations in published cricket statistics]]. In November 2021, the ICC retrospectively applied first-class status to [[women's cricket]], aligning it with the men's game.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/media-releases/2355517 |title=ICC Board appoints Afghanistan Working Group |work=International Cricket Council |access-date=17 November 2021 |archive-date=17 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211117061128/https://www.icc-cricket.com/media-releases/2355517 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.womenscriczone.com/icc-appoints-working-group-to-review-afghanistan-cricket |title=ICC appoints Working Group to review status of Afghanistan cricket; women's First Class, List A classification to align with men's game |work=Women's CricZone |access-date=17 November 2021 |archive-date=17 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211117092611/https://www.womenscriczone.com/icc-appoints-working-group-to-review-afghanistan-cricket |url-status=live }}</ref>

===Issue for statisticians===
A key issue for the statisticians is when first-class cricket for their purpose is deemed to have begun. Writing in 1951, [[Roy Webber]] argued that the majority of matches prior to 1864 (i.e., the year in which [[overarm bowling]] was legalised) "cannot be regarded as first-class" and their records are used "for their historical associations".{{sfn|Webber|1951|pp=9–10}} This drew a line between what was important historically and what should form part of the statistical record. Hence, for pre-1895 (i.e., in Great Britain) cricket matches, "first-class" is essentially a statistical concept while the historical concept is broader and takes account of historical significance. Webber's rationale was that cricket was "generally weak before 1864" (there was a greater and increasingly more organised effort to promote county cricket from about that time) and match details were largely incomplete, especially [[bowling (cricket)|bowling]] analyses, which hindered compilation of records.{{sfn|Webber|1951|pp=9–10}} According to Webber's view, the inaugural first-class match was the opening game of the 1864 season between [[Cambridge University Cricket Club|Cambridge University]] and MCC at [[Fenner's]] on 12 and 13 May, Cambridge winning by 6 wickets.<ref name="CA1313">{{cite web |url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/1/1313.html |title=Cambridge University v Marylebone Cricket Club, 12–13 May 1864 |work=CricketArchive |access-date=17 September 2022 |url-access=subscription |archive-date=20 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220920170944/https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/1/1313.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

===Important matches list===
When the [[Association of Cricket Statisticians and Historians]] (ACS) published its ''Guide to First-Class Cricket Matches Played in the British Isles'' in 1982, it tentatively agreed with Webber's 1864 start date by saying that "the line between first-class and other matches becomes more easily discernible about that date".{{sfn|ACS|1982|p=3}} A year earlier, the ACS had published its ''Guide to Important Cricket Matches Played in the British Isles, 1709–1863'' in which it listed all the known matches during that period which it considered to have historical importance. The ACS did stipulate that they had taken a more lenient view of importance regarding matches played in the 18th century than they did of matches played in the 19th century. As they explained, surviving details of 18th century matches are typically incomplete while there is a fairly comprehensive store of data about 19th century matches, certainly since 1825.{{sfn|ACS|1981|p=4}}

===Earlier startpoints suggested===
Subsequently, Webber's view was challenged by [[Bill Frindall]] who believed that 1815 should be the startpoint to encompass the entire [[roundarm bowling]] phase of cricket's history,{{sfn|Frindall|1998|p=1}} although roundarm did not begin in earnest until 1827.{{sfn|Altham|1962|pp=61–62}} In Frindall's view, the inaugural first-class match should have been the opening game of the 1815 season between MCC and [[Middlesex county cricket teams|Middlesex]] at Lord's on 31 May and 1 June, Middlesex winning by 16 runs.<ref name="CA356">{{cite web |url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/0/356.html |title=Marylebone Cricket Club v Middlesex, 31 May – 1 June 1815 |work=CricketArchive |access-date=17 September 2022 |url-access=subscription |archive-date=5 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220705130500/https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/0/356.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Notwithstanding Frindall's reputation, Webber's view has been revived and reinforced in recent times. For example, the ACS researchers Derek Carlaw and John Winnifrith begin their 2020 study of Kent cricketers since 1806 by stating: "Part One is confined to players who appeared for Kent in important matches from 1806 to 1863 and first-class matches from 1864 to 1914".{{sfn|Carlaw|Winnifrith|2020|p=2}}

On the internet, the ''CricketArchive'' (CA) and ''[[ESPN Cricinfo]]'' (CI) databases both say the earliest first-class match was [[Hampshire county cricket teams|Hampshire]] v [[Non-international England cricket teams|England]] at [[Broadhalfpenny Down]] on 24 and 25 June 1772.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/0/4.html |title=Hampshire v England, 24–25 June 1772 |work=CricketArchive |access-date=17 September 2022 |url-access=subscription |archive-date=26 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220926192653/https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/0/4.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://static.espncricinfo.com/db/ARCHIVE/1770S/1772/ENG_LOCAL/HANTS-XI_ENG_24-25JUN1772.html |work=ESPNcricinfo |title=Hampshire v England, 24–25 June 1772 |access-date=9 February 2015 |archive-date=9 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150209125355/http://static.espncricinfo.com/db/ARCHIVE/1770S/1772/ENG_LOCAL/HANTS-XI_ENG_24-25JUN1772.html |url-status=live }}</ref> At that time, cricket matches were played with a two-stump [[wicket]] and exclusively [[underarm bowling]], although other features of the modern game had been introduced.{{sfn|Haygarth|1996|p=99}} The opinion of these databases has been repudiated by both ''Wisden'' and ''[[Playfair Cricket Annual]]''. ''Wisden'' agrees with Frindall by commencing its first-class records in 1815.{{sfn|Wisden|2019|pp=1215–1242}} ''Playfair'' supports Webber and begins its records in 1864.{{sfn|Playfair|2018|pp=159, 173, 180}}

The status of earlier matches, including many in the ACS' ''Important Matches'' guide, which have left no scorecard and for which only a brief announcement or report exists, must be based on other factors. Contemporary importance was often measured by the amount of money at stake and the fact that a match was deemed notable enough to be reported in the press. The 18th century matches in the ACS list were primarily compiled to assist historians.{{sfn|ACS|1981|p=4}} The earliest match known to have been accorded superior status in a contemporary report (i.e., termed "a great match" in this case) and to have been played for a large sum of money was one in [[Sussex]] between two unnamed eleven-a-side teams contesting "fifty [[guinea (British coin)|guineas]] apiece" in June 1697, a match of enormous historical significance but with no statistical data recorded.{{sfn|McCann|2004|p=xli}}

==See also==
* [[List of first-class cricket records]]
* [[Lists of cricket records]]
* [[National Counties of English and Welsh cricket|Minor Counties Cricket]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Bibliography==
* {{cite book |last=ACS |author-link=Association of Cricket Statisticians and Historians |title=A Guide to Important Cricket Matches Played in the British Isles 1709 – 1863|year=1981 |publisher=ACS |location=Nottingham }}
* {{cite book |last=ACS |author-link=Association of Cricket Statisticians and Historians |title=A Guide to First-Class Cricket Matches Played in the British Isles |year=1982 |publisher=ACS |location=Nottingham }}
* {{cite book |last=Altham |first=H. S. |author-link=Harry Altham |title=A History of Cricket, Volume 1 (to 1914) |year=1962 |publisher=George Allen & Unwin |location=London |asin=B0014QE7HQ}}
* {{cite book |last=Birley |first=Derek |author-link=Derek Birley |title=A Social History of English Cricket |year=1999 |publisher=Aurum }}
* {{cite book |last=Bowen |first=Rowland |author-link=Rowland Bowen |title=Cricket: A History of its Growth and Development |year=1970 |publisher=Eyre & Spottiswoode}}
* {{cite book |last1=Carlaw |first1=Derek |last2=Winnifrith |first2=John |title=Kent County Cricketers, A to Z: Part One (1806-1914) |publisher=ACS |location=Cardiff |year=2020 |url=https://archive.acscricket.com/books/Kent_Cricketers_A_to_Z_Part_One_Revised_Expanded.pdf}}
* {{cite book |editor1-last=Frindall |editor1-first=Bill |editor1-link=Bill Frindall |title=The Wisden Book of Cricket Records |publisher=John Wisden & Co. Ltd |location=Alton, Hampshire |year=1998 |isbn=978-07-47222-03-3|edition=Fourth }}
* {{cite book |last=Haygarth |first=Arthur |author-link=Arthur Haygarth |title=Scores & Biographies, Volume 1 (1744–1826) |year=1996 |orig-year=1862 |publisher=Frederick Lillywhite |location=Kennington |isbn=978-19-00592-23-9}}
* {{cite book |last=McCann |first=Tim |author-link=Timothy J. McCann |title=Sussex Cricket in the Eighteenth Century |year=2004 |publisher=Sussex Record Society }}
* {{cite book |last=Playfair |editor-last=Marshall |editor-first=Ian |title=Playfair Cricket Annual |publisher=Headline |location=London |year=2018 |isbn=978-14-72249-82-1}}
* {{cite book |last=Webber |first=Roy |author-link=Roy Webber |title=The Playfair Book of Cricket Records |year=1951 |publisher=Playfair Books Ltd }}
* {{cite book |last=Wisden |editor-last=Preston |editor-first=Hubert |editor-link=Hubert Preston |title=Wisden Cricketers' Almanack |edition=85th |publisher=Sporting Handbooks Ltd |location=London |year=1948}}
* {{cite book |last=Wisden |editor-last=Booth |editor-first=Lawrence |editor-link=Lawrence Booth (cricket writer) |title=Wisden Cricketers' Almanack |edition=156th |publisher=John Wisden & Co. |location=London |year=2019 |isbn=978-14-72964-05-2}}

{{Forms of cricket}}

[[Category:First-class cricket| ]]
[[Category:Cricket terminology]]

Ragam Theatre

2023-07-17T06:39:03Z

EmanuelH79: Fresh article content.

{{Short description|Cinema hall in Thrissur, India}}
{{Use dmy dates}}
{{Use Indian English}}
{{Infobox theatre
| name = Ragam Theatre
| image =
| image_size =
| image_alt =
| caption =
| image_map =
| map_caption =
| pushpin_map =
| pushpin_map_caption=
| address = [[Swaraj Round, Thrissur|Swaraj Round S Road]], near [[Dhanlaxmi Bank]], Kuruppam, Veliyannur,
| city = [[Thrissur]], [[Kerala]],
| country = [[India]]
| designation =
| coordinates =
| architect =
| owner = George Nereparampil
| tenant =
| operator =
| capacity = 1200+ (1974–2015)<br/> 800 (2018–present)
| type = Single screen
| opened = August 1974
| reopened = October 2018
| yearsactive = 1974–2015 <br/> 2018–present
| rebuilt = 2018
| closed = February 2015
| demolished =
| othernames = Georgettan's Ragam Theatre
| production =
| currentuse =
| website =
}}

'''Ragam Theatre''' (now known as '''Georgettan's Ragam Theatre''') is a cinema theatre in the [[South India|South Indian]] city of [[Thrissur]], [[Kerala]]. Located in [[Swaraj Round, Thrissur|Swaraj Round S Road]] in Veliyannur, it was opened in 1974. Until its temporary closure in February 2015, Ragam was billed as one of the largest single-screen theatres in Kerala with a seating capacity for more than 1200 people. It was reopened in October 2018 after a major renovation. Ragam theatre is considered a cultural landmark building in Thrissur.<ref>{{Cite web |title=രാഗം തിയറ്റർ വീണ്ടും; പൂട്ടുതുറക്കാൻ ‘കൊച്ചുണ്ണി’ {{!}} Kayamkulam Kochunni Ragam Theatre |url=https://www.manoramaonline.com/movies/movie-news/2018/10/10/ragam-theatre-re-opening-with-kayamkulam-kochunni.amp.html |access-date=2023-07-17 |website=www.manoramaonline.com}}</ref>

==History==
Ragam theatre was opened in 1974 by K.J Francis. [[Ramu Kariat|Ramu Karyat]]'s [[Nellu (1974 film)|Nellu]] was the first film screened at Ragam on 24 August 1974. For the 50-day screening of the film, [[Prem Nazir|Prem Naseer]], [[Jayabharathi]], [[Adoor Bhasi]], [[Sankaradi|Shankarady]], Ramu Karyat and some other celebrities came to the theatre. Ragam was the largest building in Thrissur at the time of its opening. With more than 1100 seats, it was also one of the largest theatres in the state in terms of seating capacity. The theatre was started using the advanced technology of that time. In theatres of Kerala, the tradition of curtain raising before the screening of every show with the music of an English song was started at Ragam. It was the first theatre in Thrissur to introduce air conditioning.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Iconic theatre back in the limelight |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/iconic-theatre-back-in-the-limelight/article23631733.ece |access-date=2023-07-17 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

The name of the Ragam was changed to ''Georgettan's Ragam'' when George Nereparampil bought the theatre. On 8 February 2015, the theatre was closed for building a new industrial complex by retaining the theatre. The last film shown in the theatre before its closing was [[Aamayum Muyalum|Amayum Muyalum]]. The plan was to build a 16-storey industrial complex called Geo Mall where the theater stood. But the building was not demolished even after four years due to some legal issues. When the plans did not go as expected, the owner decided to reopen the theatre. Ragam was reopened after a major renovation on 10 October 2018 with the screeming of [[Kayamkulam Kochunni (2018 film)|Kayamkulam Kochunni]]. The existing 1100 seats were reduced to 800 seats after they were widened and softened.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ഇത് തൃശ്ശൂർ ഗഡികളുടെ `ഹൃദയരാഗം’; ജോർജേട്ടൻസ് രാഗം റിട്ടേൺസ് {{!}} trichur {{!}} ragam {{!}} theatre {{!}} renovated {{!}} shortfilm {{!}} |url=https://m.vanitha.in/celluloid/movies/trichur-ragam-theatre-shortfilm-reopen.html |access-date=2023-07-17 |website=vanitha.in}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[Shenoys Theatre]]
*[[Padma Theatre]]
*[[Apsara Theatre]]

==References==
{{reflist}}
[[Category:Cinemas in Thrissur]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Thrissur]]
[[Category:1974 establishments in Kerala]]
[[Category:Malayalam cinema]]
[[Category:20th-century architecture in India]]

Kamaljit Singh Jhooti

2022-05-07T10:44:19Z

EmanuelH79: Redirected page to Jay Sean

#REDIRECT [[Jay Sean]]

Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation

2022-04-03T12:41:48Z

EmanuelH79: Contributed a new addition to the platform.

{{short description|Private foundation founded by Bill and Melinda Gates}}
{{Use American English}}
{{Use mdy dates}}
{{Infobox organization
| name = Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation
| abbreviation = BMGF
| logo = [[File:Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation logo.svg|250px]]
| image = Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation NE.jpg
| image_size = 250
| caption = The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation headquarters in 2022
| formation = {{start date|2000}}<ref>{{cite web|language=en|title=History|url=https://www.gatesfoundation.org/Who-We-Are/General-Information/History|website=Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation}}</ref>
| type = [[Foundation (United States law)#Private foundation|Non-operating private foundation]]<ref name=foundcen>[https://web.archive.org/web/20160311163100/https://fdo.foundationcenter.org/grantmaker-profile/?collection=grantmakers&key=GATE023 Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation], FoundationCenter.org, accessed February 10, 2016.</ref>
| status = [[501(c)(3) organization]]
| purpose = [[Healthcare]], [[education]], fighting [[poverty]]
| headquarters = [[Seattle, Washington]], U.S.
| coordinates = {{coord|47|37|25|N|122|20|44|W|format=dms|display=title,inline|type:landmark_region:US-WA}}
| key_people = {{ubl|Bill Gates ([[Entrepreneurship|co-founder]])|Melinda French Gates ([[Chairman|co-chair]])|Mark Suzman ([[CEO]])<ref>[https://www.gatesfoundation.org/about/leadership/mark-suzman "About Mark Suzman"], Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation: ". . . holds a doctorate in international relations from [[Oxford University]], where he was a [[List of Rhodes Scholars|Rhodes scholar]]."</ref>}}
| founders = {{unbulleted list|[[Bill Gates]]|[[Melinda French Gates]]}}
| area_served = Worldwide
| method = Donations, [[Grant (money)|grants]]
| revenue =
| endowment = $49.8 billion {{small|{{As of|2019|12|31|alt=(2019)}}<ref name="FactSheet" />}}
| num_employees = 1,736 (2023)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gatesfoundation.org/about/careers |title=Careers |publisher=Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation |access-date=2023-01-22}}</ref>
| owner =
| former name = William H. Gates Foundation, Gates Learning Foundation
| homepage = {{URL|https://www.gatesfoundation.org/}}
}}
{{Bill Gates series}}
The '''Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation''' ('''BMGF'''), a merging of the '''William H. Gates Foundation''' and the '''Gates Learning Foundation''',<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.gatesfoundation.org/Who-We-Are/General-Information/Leadership/Executive-Leadership-Team/William-H-Gates-Sr |title=William H Gates Sr |publisher=Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation |language=en|access-date=December 4, 2020}}</ref> is an American [[private foundation]] founded by [[Bill Gates]] and [[Melinda French Gates]]. Based in [[Seattle, Washington]], it was launched in 2000 and is reported as of 2020 to be [[List of wealthiest charitable foundations|the second largest charitable foundation in the world]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://docs.gatesfoundation.org/documents/F_151002C-1B_Bill&MelindaGatesFoundation_FS.pdf|title=Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation Financial Statement 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Novo Nordisk Holdings Report 2020|url=https://www.novoholdings.dk/wp-content/uploads/Novo-Holdings-Annual-Report-2020.pdf}}</ref> holding $49.8 billion in assets.<ref name="FactSheet" /> On his 43rd birthday, Bill Gates gave the foundation $1 billion.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.influencewatch.org/non-profit/bill-and-melinda-gates-foundation/|title=Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation|website=InfluenceWatch}}</ref> The primary stated goals of the foundation are to enhance healthcare and reduce extreme poverty across the world, and to expand educational opportunities and access to information technology in the U.S. Key individuals of the foundation include [[Bill Gates]], [[Melinda French Gates]], [[Warren Buffett]], chief executive officer Mark Suzman,<ref name=voxsue>{{Cite web |url=https://www.vox.com/recode/2019/12/5/20997583/sue-desmond-hellmann-gates-foundation-departure |title=The Gates Foundation has enormous impact. Its CEO leaving could have an enormous impact, too. |last=Schleifer |first=Theodore |website=Vox |language=en|access-date=March 12, 2020}}</ref> and [[Michael Larson (businessman)|Michael Larson]].<ref name="lwc15">{{cite news |last1=Warwick-Ching |first1=Lucy |title=Cascade Investment, Bill Gates' wealth manager |url=https://www.ft.com/content/ce87f48a-7208-11e5-9b9e-690fdae72044 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221210/https://www.ft.com/content/ce87f48a-7208-11e5-9b9e-690fdae72044 |archive-date=December 10, 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |publisher=The Financial Times Ltd }}</ref>

The BMGF had an [[Financial endowment|endowment]] of approximately $50 billion {{As of|2020|December|31|lc=on|df=us}}.<ref name="FactSheet">{{cite web |title=Foundation Fact Sheet |url=https://www.gatesfoundation.org/who-we-are/general-information/foundation-factsheet |website=Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation |publisher=Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation |language=en}}</ref> The scale of the foundation and the way it seeks to apply business techniques to giving makes it one of the leaders in [[venture philanthropy]],<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.economist.com/surveys/displaystory.cfm?story_id=5517656 |newspaper=The Economist |title=The birth of philanthrocapitalism }}</ref> though the foundation itself notes that the philanthropic role has limitations.<ref name="GuidingPrinciples">{{cite web |url=http://www.gatesfoundation.org/about/Pages/guiding-principles.aspx |title=Guiding Principles|access-date=July 7, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100306020332/http://www.gatesfoundation.org/about/Pages/guiding-principles.aspx|archive-date=March 6, 2010|url-status=dead}}</ref> In 2007, its founders were ranked as the second most generous philanthropists in the U.S., behind Warren Buffett.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The 50 Most Generous Philanthropists|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/businessweek/interactive_reports/philanthropy_individual.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130920122703/http://www.businessweek.com/interactive_reports/philanthropy_individual.html|archive-date=September 20, 2013|website=Bloomberg Businessweek}}</ref> As of 2018, Bill Gates and Melinda French Gates had donated around $36 billion to the foundation.<ref>{{cite web |title=Foundation FAQ |url=https://www.gatesfoundation.org/who-we-are/general-information/foundation-faq |website=Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation |language=en |quote=From 1994 through 2018, Bill and Melinda gave the foundation more than $36.0 billion.}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Bill Gates |url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/bill-gates/#4863025f689f |website=Forbes |language=en |quote=To date, Gates has donated $35.8 billion worth of Microsoft stock to the Gates Foundation.}}</ref> Since its founding, the foundation has endowed and supported a broad range of social, health, and education developments, including the establishment of the [[Gates Cambridge Scholarships]] at [[Cambridge University]].

==History==
[[File:B&M Gates Complex.jpg|thumb|right|Headquarters complex in Seattle as seen from the [[Space Needle]]]]

In 1994, the foundation was formed as the William H. Gates Foundation.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.gatesfoundation.org/Who-We-Are/General-Information/Leadership/Executive-Leadership-Team/William-H-Gates-Sr |title=William H Gates Sr |website=Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation |language=en|access-date=April 17, 2018}}</ref> In the mid-2000s, the foundation's funding grew substantially to $2 billion. In May 2002, the foundation purchased stocks in pharmaceutical companies [[Johnson & Johnson]], [[Merck & Co.|Merck]], and [[Pfizer]].<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Bank |first1=David |last2=Buckman |first2=Rebecca |title=Gates Foundation Buys Stakes in Drug Makers |language=en-US |work=[[The Wall Street Journal]] |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB1021577629748680000 |access-date=2022-06-14 |issn=0099-9660}}</ref> On June 15, 2006, Gates announced his plans to transition out of a day-to-day role with [[Microsoft]], effective July 31, 2008,<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.microsoft.com/presspass/press/2006/jun06/06-15CorpNewsPR.mspx |title=Microsoft Announces Plans for July 2008 Transition for Bill Gates |publisher=Microsoft PressPass |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060619230935/http://www.microsoft.com/presspass/press/2006/jun06/06-15CorpNewsPR.mspx |archive-date=June 19, 2006 }}</ref> to allow him to devote more time to working with the foundation. The first CEO of the foundation, until she stepped down in 2008, was [[Patty Stonesifer]].<ref name="test">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/02/07/us/07charity.html |title=Gates Foundation Head to Leave Longtime Post |author=Stephanie Strom |work=The New York Times |access-date=June 9, 2017 |via=NYTimes.com}}</ref>

In 2005, [[Bill Gates]] and [[Melinda French Gates]], along with the Irish rock musician [[Bono]], were named by ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' as [[Time Magazine Person of the Year|Persons of the Year 2005]] for their outstanding charitable work.<ref>{{Cite web |title=TIME names Bono, Bill and Melinda Gates Persons of Year - CNN.com |url=http://www.cnn.com/2005/US/12/18/time.poy/index.html?iref=mpstoryview |website=CNN|access-date = February 5, 2016}}</ref> In the case of the Gates, the work referenced was that of BMGF.

On 12 May 2008 it was announced that [[Jeff Raikes]] would replace Stonesifer as the CEO of the BMGF.<ref name="ljs">{{cite news|url=http://www.journalstar.com/news/business/doc48287ee28cad2337010266.txt |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130126214717/http://www.journalstar.com/news/business/doc48287ee28cad2337010266.txt |url-status=dead |archive-date=2013-01-26 |title=Ashland native Jeff Raikes to run Gates Foundation |accessdate=2008-05-12 }}</ref>

In April 2010, Gates was invited to visit and speak at the [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]] where he urged the students to take on the hard problems of the world. He also explained the nature and philosophy of his philanthropic endeavours.<ref>Guo, Jeff; McQueen, Rob,
[http://tech.mit.edu/V130/N21/gates.html "Gates asks students to tackle world's problems : Disease and education among biggest challenges"], ''[[The Tech (newspaper)|The Tech]]'', Volume 130, Issue 21, Friday, April 23, 2010</ref><ref>Guo, Jeff, [http://tech.mit.edu/V130/N21/gates/interview.html "In interview, Gates describes philanthropic journey"], ''The Tech'', Volume 130, Issue 21, April 23, 2010. (video & transcript). "After he spoke at Kresge Auditorium, Bill Gates sat down with The Tech to talk more about his college tour, his philanthropy, and the philosophy behind it."</ref>

In 2010, the foundation's founders started the Commission on Education of Health Professionals for the 21st Century, entitled "Transforming education to strengthen health systems in an interdependent world."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.publichealthglobal.org/index.php?option=com_myblog&show=Providing-Affordable-Healthcare-Education.html&Itemid=92 |title=Public Health Global Watch |access-date=March 12, 2015 |archive-date=April 25, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120425071723/http://www.publichealthglobal.org/index.php?option=com_myblog&show=Providing-Affordable-Healthcare-Education.html&Itemid=92 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

A 2011 survey of grantees found that many believed the foundation did not make its goals and strategies clear and sometimes did not understand those of the grantees; that the foundation's decision – and grantmaking procedures were too opaque; and that its communications could be more consistent and responsive. The foundation's response was to improve the clarity of its explanations, make "orientation calls" to grantees upon awarding grants, tell grantees who their foundation contact is, give timely feedback when they receive a grantee report, and establish a way for grantees to provide anonymous or attributed feedback to the foundation.<ref>[http://www.gatesfoundation.org/learning/Pages/GranteeProgressReport2012.aspx Improving our Work with You: A Progress Report – Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130127163816/http://www.gatesfoundation.org/learning/Pages/GranteeProgressReport2012.aspx }}. Gatesfoundation.org (September 6, 2012). Retrieved on July 18, 2013.</ref> The foundation also launched a podcast series.<ref>[http://www.soundcloud.com/BMGF Gates Foundation's Spotlight page on SoundCloud – Hear the world's sounds]. Soundcloud.com. Retrieved on July 18, 2013.</ref>

In October 2013, the BMGF announced that it would join the [[International Aid Transparency Initiative]].<ref name=joiniati/>

In December 2013 [[Susan Desmond-Hellmann]], president of product development for [[Genentech]] before its acquisition by [[Roche Pharmaceuticals]],<ref name=NYTbio>{{cite news |first=Denise |last=Grady |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/10/11/science/11profile.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0 |title=Profiles in Science: An Innovator Shapes an Empire |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] }}</ref> was announced as BMGF's next CEO. She replaced Jeff Raikes on 1 May 2014.<ref name="sdhfierce">{{cite news |last1=Garde |first1=Damian |title=Genentech's ex-R&D boss takes the reins at the Gates Foundation |url=https://www.fiercebiotech.com/r-d/genentech-s-ex-r-d-boss-takes-reins-at-gates-foundation |agency=Fierce Biotech |publisher=Questex LLC }}</ref>

In February 2014 [[Hillary Clinton]] launched a partnership between the foundation and the [[Clinton Foundation]] to gather and study data on the progress of women and girls around the world since the 1995 United Nations [[Fourth World Conference on Women]] in Beijing.<ref name="washingtonpost.com">{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/post-politics/wp/2014/02/13/hillary-clinton-launches-global-data-project-on-women-and-girls/ |title=Hillary Clinton launches global data project on women and girls |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]}}</ref><ref name="philanthropynewsdigest.org">{{cite web |url=http://www.philanthropynewsdigest.org/news/wyss-clinton-foundations-partner-on-full-participation-by-women-and-girls |title=Wyss, Clinton Foundations Partner on Full Participation by Women and Girls |author=Foundation Center |work=Philanthropy News Digest (PND)}}</ref> This is called "No Ceilings: The Full Participation Project".<ref name="washingtonpost.com"/><ref name="philanthropynewsdigest.org"/>

In October 2019, the BMGF partnered with the [[World Economic Forum]] to host the tabletop exercise called [[Event 201]] in [[New York City]].<ref name="event 201">{{cite web | author=JHCHS website designer | title=Event 201, a pandemic exercise to illustrate preparedness efforts | website=Even 201 | date=2020-01-24 | url=https://www.centerforhealthsecurity.org/event201/ | access-date=2020-06-24}}</ref>

In February 2020, BMGF CEO Desmond-Hellmann was replaced "for health and family reasons" by [[Mark Suzman]].<ref name="bmwsj">{{cite news |last1=McKay |first1=Betsy |title=Gates Foundation CEO to Step Down |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/gates-foundation-ceo-to-step-down-11575570659 |agency=The Wall Street Journal }}</ref>

As early as 2012, there were reports afoot that the BMGF was acting as a fund aggregator for wealthy donors: the name recognition associated with BMGF caused more money to be placed than an anonymous control. This was particularly useful during the [[COVID-19 pandemic]] because the BMGF already knew which organizations were working in the field and able to receive funds.<ref name="nber">{{cite news |last1=Karlan |first1=Dean |last2=List |first2=John A. |title=HOW CAN BILL AND MELINDA GATES INCREASE OTHER PEOPLE'S DONATIONS TO FUND PUBLIC GOODS? |url=https://www.nber.org/system/files/working_papers/w17954/w17954.pdf |work=Working Paper 17954 |issue=NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES |publisher=NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH }}</ref>

When former [[President Trump]] threatened to defund the [[WHO]] in summer 2020 over concerns that it was too "deferential" to the [[Chinese Communist Party]], because the BMGF constituted at that time the second-ranked contributor to the WHO, concerns were raised in the charity and academic sector that the BMGF might conceivably bias the WHO in the pursuit of its ideology. In the most timely accounting period, the BMGF provided 45% of the WHO's NGO funds, or in other words 12% of the total operating expenditure of the WHO.<ref name="ccdev">{{cite news |last1=Cheney |first1=Catherine |title='Big concerns' over Gates foundation's potential to become largest WHO donor |url=https://www.devex.com/news/big-concerns-over-gates-foundation-s-potential-to-become-largest-who-donor-97377 |publisher=Devex }}</ref><ref name="dmusnwr">{{cite news |last1=McPhillips |first1=Deidre |title=Gates Foundation Donations to WHO Nearly Match Those From U.S. Government |url=https://www.usnews.com/news/articles/2020-05-29/gates-foundation-donations-to-who-nearly-match-those-from-us-government |publisher=U.S. News & World Report L.P. }}</ref>

It was revealed after the fact that the BMGF had contributed US$1.553 billion to the [[GAVI]] over the five years 2016 to 2020. The BMGF was the number two ranked contributor.<ref name=curper>{{cite web |title= Current Period 2016-2020 |url=https://www.gavi.org/investing-gavi/funding/current-period-2016-2020 |website=GAVI, The Vaccine Alliance |access-date=20 April 2021}}</ref> At the [[Global Vaccine Summit]] in June 2020, the BMGF pledged $1.6 billion (or just under 20% of the total) for the subsequent five years.<ref name=bmgfcnbc>{{cite web |title=Bill Gates-backed vaccine alliance raises $8.8 billion from world leaders and businesses |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2020/06/04/bill-gates-backed-vaccine-alliance-looks-to-raise-7point4-billion.html |website=cnbc.com |access-date=24 September 2020}}</ref>

In May 2022, the Gates Foundation announced the commitment of $125 million to aid in ending the acute phase of the COVID-19 pandemic and to aid in preparing for future pandemics. In total since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic the Gates Foundation has committed more than $2 billion to COVID-19 response efforts.<ref>{{cite journal|url=https://philanthropynewsdigest.org/news/gates-foundation-commits-125-million-to-help-end-covid-pandemic|title=Gates Foundation commits $125 million to help end COVID pandemic|journal=Philanthropy News Digest|access-date=13 May 2022}}</ref>

===Warren Buffett donations===
On June 25, 2006, [[Warren Buffett]] pledged to give the foundation approximately 10 million [[Berkshire Hathaway]] Class B [[share (finance)|shares]] (then valued at $3,071 each, before a 50–1 [[stock split]] in 2010) spread over multiple years through annual contributions, with the first year's donation of 500,000 shares being worth approximately $1.5 billion.<ref>{{cite news |title=Warren Buffett gives away his fortune |url=https://money.cnn.com/2006/06/25/magazines/fortune/charity1.fortune/index.htm |work=Fortune |publisher=Time Warner via CNNMoney.com |access-date=December 10, 2007 |first=Carol J. |last=Loomis |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071128090517/https://money.cnn.com/2006/06/25/magazines/fortune/charity1.fortune/index.htm |archive-date=November 28, 2007| url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cnbc.com/id/34973846 |title=Berkshire Hathaway 'B' Shares Soar After Split |website=[[CNBC]] }}</ref> Buffett set conditions so that these contributions do not simply increase the foundation's endowment, but effectively work as a matching contribution, doubling the foundation's annual giving. [[Bloomberg News]] noted, "Buffett's gift came with three conditions for the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation: Bill or Melinda Gates must be alive and active in its administration; it must continue to qualify as a charity; and each year it must give away an amount equal to the previous year's Berkshire gift, plus an additional amount equal to 5 percent of net [[asset]]s. Buffett gave the foundation two years to abide by the third requirement."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=10000087&sid=axbiyJ8O.yKk&refer=top_world_news|title=Buffett Makes $30.7 Bln Donation to Gates Foundation (Update8)|publisher=[[Bloomberg L.P.|Bloomberg]]|last=Stein|first=George|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120905000532/http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=newsarchive&sid=axbiyJ8O.yKk&refer=top_world_news|archive-date=September 5, 2012|access-date=March 5, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.forbes.com/home/facesinthenews/2006/06/26/buffett-gates-philanthropy-cx_cn_0626autofacescan03.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060825202146/http://www.forbes.com/home/facesinthenews/2006/06/26/buffett-gates-philanthropy-cx_cn_0626autofacescan03.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=August 25, 2006 |title=Buffett Will Double Gates Foundation's Spending |first=Chris |last=Noon |work=Forbes}}</ref> The Gates Foundation received 5% (500,000) of the shares in July 2006 and will receive 5% of the ''remaining'' earmarked shares in the July of each following year (475,000 in 2007, 451,250 in 2008).<ref>{{cite news |url=https://money.cnn.com/2006/06/25/magazines/fortune/charity3.fortune/index.htm |work=CNN |title=How Buffett's giveaway will work |access-date=April 26, 2010 |first=Carol J. |last=Loomis}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://berkshirehathaway.com/donate/bmgfltr.pdf |title=Letter from Warren E. Buffett |last=Buffett |first=Warren E. |website=Berkshirehathaway|access-date=January 22, 2019}}</ref>

In July 2018, Buffet announced another donation of his company's Class B stock, this time worth $2 billion, to the Gates Foundation.<ref>[https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/07/08/warren-buffett-stock-donations_n_3561866.html Warren Buffett Makes Huge Charity Stock Donation To Gates Foundation, Other Charities]. Huffingtonpost.com. Retrieved on July 18, 2013.</ref>

===Lifespan===
In October 2006, the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation was split into two entities: the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation Trust, which manages the endowment assets and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, which "... conducts all operations and grantmaking work, and it is the entity from which all grants are made".<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.philanthropy.com/free/update/2006/11/2006112901.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927220226/http://www.philanthropy.com/free/update/2006/11/2006112901.htm|url-status=dead |title=Gates Foundation Announces That It Doesn't Plan to Operate Forever |archive-date=September 27, 2007}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.gatesfoundation.org/AboutUs/Announcements/Announce-061129.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080815085113/http://www.gatesfoundation.org/AboutUs/Announcements/Announce-061129.htm|url-status=dead |title=About the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation Trust |archive-date=August 15, 2008}}</ref> Also announced was the decision to spend all of the foundation's resources within 50 years after Bill's and Melinda's deaths.<ref name="autogenerated2">{{Cite web |url=http://www.gatesfoundation.org/AboutUs/Announcements/Announce-061129.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080815085113/http://www.gatesfoundation.org/AboutUs/Announcements/Announce-061129.htm|url-status=dead |title=Announcements – Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation |archive-date=August 15, 2008}}</ref><ref name="autogenerated1">{{cite web |url=http://philanthropy.com/article/Gates-Foundation-Announces/55464/ |title=Gates Foundation Announces That It Doesn't Plan to Operate Forever |work=The Chronicle of Philanthropy}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation sets lifespan |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-gates-foundation/bill-melinda-gates-foundation-sets-lifespan-idUSN0125394420061201 |work=Reuters |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB116493514082937519?mod=home_whats_news_us |title=Gates Foundation Sets Its Lifespan |first=Sally |last=Beatty |work=WSJ}}</ref> This was later lowered to within 20 years of their death.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cBHJ-8Bch4E |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211211/cBHJ-8Bch4E| archive-date=2021-12-11 |url-status=live|title=Interview with Bill Gates September 21, 2013 (Video 33:52) |work=YouTube}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Foundation Trust |url=https://www.gatesfoundation.org/who-we-are/general-information/financials/foundation-trust |website=Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation |language=en}}</ref> This would close the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation Trust and effectively end the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. In the 2006 announcement, it was reiterated that [[Warren Buffett]] "... has stipulated that the proceeds from the Berkshire Hathaway shares he still owns at death are to be used for philanthropic purposes within 10 years after his estate has been settled".<ref name="autogenerated2" />

The plan to close the Foundation Trust is in contrast to most large charitable foundations that have no set closure date. This is intended to lower administrative costs over the years of the Foundation Trust's life and ensure that the Foundation Trust does not fall into a situation where the vast majority of its expenditures are on administrative costs, including salaries, with only token amounts contributed to charitable causes.<ref name="autogenerated1" />

In July 2021, the foundation agreed on a back-up plan in the event that its co-chairs cannot work together due to their recent divorce. The deal gives Bill and Melinda a two-year trial, after which Ms. Gates could resign from the organization as well as receiving personal resources from her ex-husband for her own charity work.<ref>{{cite news |title=Gates Foundation agrees break-up back-up plan |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/business-57756506 |work=[[BBC News]] |access-date=July 7, 2021 }}</ref>

==Activities==
=== Program areas and grant database ===
To maintain its status as a [[List of charitable foundations|charitable foundation]], the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation must donate funds equal to at least five percent of its assets each year.<ref>{{cite web |title=Private Family Foundations |url=http://www.savewealth.com/planning/estate/foundations/ |work=SaveWealth |publisher=SaveWealth |access-date=April 6, 2014 |year=2014}}</ref> As of April 2014, the foundation is organized into four program areas under chief executive officer Susan Desmond-Hellmann, who "sets strategic priorities, monitors results, and facilitates relationships with key partners":<ref>{{cite web |title=Susan Desmond-Hellmann |url=http://www.gatesfoundation.org/Who-We-Are/General-Information/Leadership/Management-Committee/Susan-Desmond-Hellman |work=Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation |publisher=Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation |access-date=June 2, 2014 |year=2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140602194755/http://www.gatesfoundation.org/Who-We-Are/General-Information/Leadership/Management-Committee/Susan-Desmond-Hellman |archive-date=June 2, 2014 }}</ref>
* Global Development Division
* Global Health Division
* United States Division
* Global Policy & Advocacy Division
* Global Growth & Opportunity Division<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gatesfoundation.org/what-we-do |title=What We Do |year=2014 |work=Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation |publisher=Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation |access-date=May 29, 2018}}</ref>

The foundation maintains an online database of grants.<ref name=":7">{{cite web |title=How We Work – Grantmaking |url=http://www.gatesfoundation.org/How-We-Work/Quick-Links/Grants-Database |publisher=Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation |access-date=April 6, 2014}}</ref>

=== Open access policy ===
[[File:Life expectancy in 1800, 1950, and 2015.png|thumb|Life expectancy in 1800, 1950, and 2015 – visualization by [[Our World in Data]]]]

In November 2014, the Gates Foundation announced that they were adopting an [[Open access mandate|open access (OA) policy]] for [[open access (publishing)|publications]] and [[open science data|data]], "to enable the unrestricted access and reuse of all peer-reviewed published research funded by the foundation, including any underlying data sets".<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.impatientoptimists.org/Posts/2014/11/Knowledge-is-Power |title=Knowledge is Power: Sharing Information Can Accelerate Global Health Impact |access-date=December 30, 2014 |website=Impatient Optimists |publisher=Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation }}</ref> This move has been widely applauded by those who are working in the area of [[capacity building]] and knowledge sharing.{{citation needed}} Its terms have been called the most stringent among similar OA policies.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://blogs.nature.com/news/2014/11/gates-foundation-announces-worlds-strongest-policy-on-open-access-research.html |title=Gates Foundation announces world's strongest policy on open access research |website=News blog Nature.com |access-date=January 23, 2015 }}</ref> As of January 1, 2015, their Open Access policy is effective for all new agreements.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.gatesfoundation.org/How-We-Work/General-Information/Open-Access-Policy |title=Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation Open Access Policy |access-date=April 7, 2015 |website=Website of Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation |publisher=Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation }}</ref> In March 2017, it was confirmed that the open access policy, Gates Open Research,<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://gatesopenresearch.org/ |title=Gates Open Research |website=gatesopenresearch.org|access-date=March 24, 2017}}</ref> would be based on the same initiative launched in 2016 by [[Wellcome Trust]] in their Wellcome Open Research policy<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://wellcomeopenresearch.org/ |title=Wellcome Open Research provides all Wellcome researchers with a place to rapidly publish any results they think are worth sharing. |website=wellcomeopenresearch.org|access-date=March 24, 2017}}</ref> launched in partnership with [[F1000Research|F1000 Research]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.timeshighereducation.com/news/gates-foundation-joins-shift-towards-open-access-platforms |title=Gates Foundation joins shift towards open access platforms |work=Times Higher Education (THE)|access-date=March 24, 2017 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Butler |first=Declan |title=Gates Foundation announces open-access publishing venture |journal=Nature |volume=543 |issue=7647 |pages=599 |language=en |doi=10.1038/nature.2017.21700 |pmid=28358109 |year=2017 |bibcode=2017Natur.543..599B|doi-access=free }}</ref>

The Gates Foundation supported [[Our World in Data]], one of the world's largest open-access publications.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.gatesfoundation.org/How-We-Work/Quick-Links/Grants-Database/Grants/2016/08/OPP1152680 |title=OPP1152680 |website=Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation |language=en|access-date=March 21, 2019}}</ref> Bill Gates called the publication his "favorite website".<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.gatesnotes.com/Development/Max-Roser-three-facts-everyone-should-know |title=Memorizing these three statistics will help you understand the world |last=Roser |first=Max |website=gatesnotes.com|access-date=March 21, 2019}}</ref>

Our World in Data is a scientific [[Electronic publishing|online publication]], based at the [[University of Oxford]], that studies how to make progress against large [[List of global issues|global problems]] such as poverty, disease, hunger, [[climate change]], and inequality.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://ourworldindata.org/about |title=About |website=Our World in Data|access-date=August 23, 2019}}</ref>
The mission of Our World in Data is to present "research and data to make progress against the world’s largest problems".<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://ourworldindata.org/ |title=Our World in Data |website=Our World in Data|access-date=August 23, 2019}}</ref>

===Funds for grants in developing countries===
The following table lists the BMGF's committed funding as recorded in their [[International Aid Transparency Initiative]] (IATI) publications. The BMGF announced in October 2013 that it would join the IATI.<ref name=joiniati>{{cite web |url=http://www.gatesfoundation.org/How-We-Work/General-Information/Information-Sharing-Approach/International-Aid-Transparency-Initiative |title=International Aid Transparency Initiative |access-date=September 2, 2016 |publisher=Gates Foundation}}</ref> The IATI publications only include a subset of BMGF grants (mainly excluding grants to developed countries), and contain few grants before 2009 (which are entirely excluded from the table). The BMGF states on the IATI Registry site that "reporting starts from 2009 and excludes grants related to our US programs and grants that if published could harm our employees, grantees, partners, or the beneficiaries of our work".<ref name=iatiabout>{{cite web |url=https://www.iatiregistry.org/publisher/about/bmgf |access-date=September 2, 2016 |title=About – Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation |publisher=IATI Registry |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160921190910/https://www.iatiregistry.org/publisher/about/bmgf |archive-date=21 September 2016}}</ref><ref name="iati-pub">{{Cite web|url=https://iatiregistry.org/publisher/bmgf|title=- Organizations - IATI Registry|website=iatiregistry.org}}</ref>

{| class="sortable wikitable"
|-
!
! colspan="8" | Committed funding ($ millions)
|-
! DAC 5 Digit Sector<ref>{{cite web |url=http://iatistandard.org/202/codelists/Sector/ |title=DAC 5 Digit Sector |publisher=IATI Standard}}</ref>!! 2009 !! 2010 !! 2011 !! 2012 !! 2013 !! 2014 !! 2015 !! Sum
|-
| Infectious disease control
| style="text-align:right;" | 256.9
| style="text-align:right;" | 720.3
| style="text-align:right;" | 462.8
| style="text-align:right;" | 528.7
| style="text-align:right;" | 1248.3
| style="text-align:right;" | 1271.8
| style="text-align:right;" | 1097.5
| style="text-align:right;" | 5586.4
|-
| Malaria control
| style="text-align:right;" | 324.5
| style="text-align:right;" | 101.7
| style="text-align:right;" | 133.6
| style="text-align:right;" | 75.5
| style="text-align:right;" | 302.4
| style="text-align:right;" | 377.6
| style="text-align:right;" | 140.8
| style="text-align:right;" | 1456.1
|-
| STD control including HIV/AIDS
| style="text-align:right;" | 175.5
| style="text-align:right;" | 26.9
| style="text-align:right;" | 291.4
| style="text-align:right;" | 199.7
| style="text-align:right;" | 184.4
| style="text-align:right;" | 264.4
| style="text-align:right;" | 165.7
| style="text-align:right;" | 1308.0
|-
| Tuberculosis control
| style="text-align:right;" | 69.2
| style="text-align:right;" | 211.1
| style="text-align:right;" | 59.5
| style="text-align:right;" | 273.9
| style="text-align:right;" | 135.3
| style="text-align:right;" | 100.1
| style="text-align:right;" | 244.8
| style="text-align:right;" | 1094.0
|-
| Reproductive health care
| style="text-align:right;" | 173.8
| style="text-align:right;" | 66.8
| style="text-align:right;" | 77.4
| style="text-align:right;" | 165.2
| style="text-align:right;" | 84.9
| style="text-align:right;" | 207.6
| style="text-align:right;" | 130.0
| style="text-align:right;" | 905.8
|-
| Agricultural research
| style="text-align:right;" | 84.7
| style="text-align:right;" | 27.8
| style="text-align:right;" | 196.2
| style="text-align:right;" | 192.8
| style="text-align:right;" | 207.1
| style="text-align:right;" | 14.7
| style="text-align:right;" | 83.9
| style="text-align:right;" | 807.2
|-
| Family planning
| style="text-align:right;" | 104.5
| style="text-align:right;" | 21.2
| style="text-align:right;" | 21.4
| style="text-align:right;" | 49.3
| style="text-align:right;" | 165.0
| style="text-align:right;" | 145.8
| style="text-align:right;" | 181.7
| style="text-align:right;" | 688.9
|-
| Health policy and administrative management
| style="text-align:right;" | 119.3
| style="text-align:right;" | 14.3
| style="text-align:right;" | 145.7
| style="text-align:right;" | 75.5
| style="text-align:right;" | 61.1
| style="text-align:right;" | 113.4
| style="text-align:right;" | 130.3
| style="text-align:right;" | 659.5
|-
| Agricultural development
| style="text-align:right;" | 5.2
| style="text-align:right;" | 30.0
| style="text-align:right;" | 0.0
| style="text-align:right;" | 35.0
| style="text-align:right;" | 0.0
| style="text-align:right;" | 325.1
| style="text-align:right;" | 86.1
| style="text-align:right;" | 481.3
|-
| Agricultural policy and administrative management
| style="text-align:right;" | 72.9
| style="text-align:right;" | 30.0
| style="text-align:right;" | 77.5
| style="text-align:right;" | 77.1
| style="text-align:right;" | 86.2
| style="text-align:right;" | 19.7
| style="text-align:right;" | 96.9
| style="text-align:right;" | 460.3
|-
| Promotion of development awareness
| style="text-align:right;" | 47.2
| style="text-align:right;" | 45.0
| style="text-align:right;" | 35.5
| style="text-align:right;" | 41.7
| style="text-align:right;" | 124.4
| style="text-align:right;" | 61.7
| style="text-align:right;" | 80.7
| style="text-align:right;" | 436.2
|-
| Basic health care
| style="text-align:right;" | 22.3
| style="text-align:right;" | 23.9
| style="text-align:right;" | 43.7
| style="text-align:right;" | 73.2
| style="text-align:right;" | 1.7
| style="text-align:right;" | 45.6
| style="text-align:right;" | 206.3
| style="text-align:right;" | 416.7
|-
| Basic [[Human nutrition|nutrition]]
| style="text-align:right;" | 19.2
| style="text-align:right;" | 15.7
| style="text-align:right;" | 40.9
| style="text-align:right;" | 51.5
| style="text-align:right;" | 63.7
| style="text-align:right;" | 55.9
| style="text-align:right;" | 148.2
| style="text-align:right;" | 395.2
|-
| Basic [[sanitation]]
| style="text-align:right;" | 10.1
| style="text-align:right;" | 34.9
| style="text-align:right;" | 82.9
| style="text-align:right;" | 74.9
| style="text-align:right;" | 59.1
| style="text-align:right;" | 48.7
| style="text-align:right;" | 64.9
| style="text-align:right;" | 375.5
|-
| Financial policy and administrative management
| style="text-align:right;" | 29.0
| style="text-align:right;" | 18.4
| style="text-align:right;" | 9.8
| style="text-align:right;" | 8.9
| style="text-align:right;" | 70.1
| style="text-align:right;" | 32.9
| style="text-align:right;" | 53.4
| style="text-align:right;" | 222.5
|-
! Other
! style="text-align:right;" | 487.5
! style="text-align:right;" | 273.8
! style="text-align:right;" | 2208.9
! style="text-align:right;" | 260.2
! style="text-align:right;" | 332.1
! style="text-align:right;" | 433.3
! style="text-align:right;" | 2195.7
! style="text-align:right;" | 6191.5
|-
! Total
! style="text-align:right;" | 2002
! style="text-align:right;" | 1662
! style="text-align:right;" | 3887
! style="text-align:right;" | 2183
! style="text-align:right;" | 3126
! style="text-align:right;" | 3518
! style="text-align:right;" | 5107
! style="text-align:right;" | 21485
|}

The following table lists the top receiving organizations to which the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation has committed funding, between 2009 and 2015. The table again only includes grants recorded in the Gates Foundation's IATI publications.<ref name="iati-pub"/>

{| class="sortable wikitable"
|-
! Organization !! Amount ($ millions)
|-
| [[GAVI]]
| style="text-align:right;" | 3,152.8
|-
| [[World Health Organization]]
| style="text-align:right;" | 1,535.1
|-
| [[The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria]]
| style="text-align:right;" | 777.6
|-
| [[PATH (global health organization)|PATH]]
| style="text-align:right;" | 635.2
|-
| [[United States Fund for UNICEF]]
| style="text-align:right;" | 461.1
|-
| [[The Rotary Foundation of Rotary International]]
| style="text-align:right;" | 400.1
|-
| [[International Bank for Reconstruction and Development]]
| style="text-align:right;" | 340.0
|-
| [[Global Alliance for TB Drug Development]]
| style="text-align:right;" | 338.4
|-
| [[Medicines for Malaria Venture]]
| style="text-align:right;" | 334.1
|-
| [[PATH Vaccine Solutions]]
| style="text-align:right;" | 333.4
|-
| [[UNICEF Headquarters]]
| style="text-align:right;" | 277.6
|-
| [[Johns Hopkins University]]
| style="text-align:right;" | 265.4
|-
| [[Aeras]]
| style="text-align:right;" | 227.6
|-
| [[Clinton Health Access Initiative Inc]]
| style="text-align:right;" | 199.5
|-
| [[International Development Association]]
| style="text-align:right;" | 174.7
|-
| [[CARE]]
| style="text-align:right;" | 166.2
|-
| [[World Health Organization Nigeria Country Office]]
| style="text-align:right;" | 166.1
|-
| [[French Development Agency|Agence française de développement]]
| style="text-align:right;" | 165.0
|-
| [[Centro Internacional de Mejoramiento de Maíz y Trigo]]
| style="text-align:right;" | 153.1
|-
| [[Cornell University]]
| style="text-align:right;" | 146.7
|-
| [[Alliance for a Green Revolution in Africa]]
| style="text-align:right;" | 146.4
|-
| [[United Nations Foundation]]
| style="text-align:right;" | 143.0
|-
| [[University of Washington Foundation]]
| style="text-align:right;" | 138.2
|-
| [[Foundation for the National Institutes of Health]]
| style="text-align:right;" | 136.2
|-
| [[Emory University]]
| style="text-align:right;" | 123.2
|-
| [[University of California San Francisco]]
| style="text-align:right;" | 123.1
|-
| [[Population Services International]]
| style="text-align:right;" | 122.5
|-
| [[University of Oxford]]
| style="text-align:right;" | 117.8
|-
| [[International Food Policy Research Institute]]
| style="text-align:right;" | 110.7
|-
| [[International Institute of Tropical Agriculture]]
| style="text-align:right;" | 104.8
|}

According to the [[OECD]], the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation provided US$4.1 billion for development in 2019.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org//sites/da5658fd-en/index.html?itemId=/content/component/5d8de3e1-en&_csp_=fcd6b6f78f50e596d3bf597cb6b3e3b5&itemIGO=oecd&itemContentType=chapter#|title=Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation | Development Co-operation Profiles – Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation | OECD iLibrary|website=www.oecd-ilibrary.org}}</ref>

==Financials==
The foundation explains on its website that its trustees divided the organization into two entities: the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation Trust. The foundation section, based in Seattle, US, "focuses on improving health and alleviating extreme poverty", and its trustees are currently Bill and Melinda Gates; Warren Buffett announced his resignation as a trustee on June 23, 2021.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Li|first=Yun|title=Warren Buffett gives away another $4.1 billion, resigns as trustee at Gates Foundation|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2021/06/23/warren-buffett-gives-away-another-4point1-billion-resigns-as-trustee-at-gates-foundation.html|access-date=2021-06-23|website=CNBC|language=en}}</ref> The trust section manages "the investment assets and transfer proceeds to the foundation as necessary to achieve the foundation's charitable goals"—it holds the assets of Bill and Melinda Gates, who are the sole trustees, and receives contributions from Buffett.<ref name="Fin">{{cite web |title=Who We Are – Financials |url=http://www.gatesfoundation.org/Who-We-Are/General-Information/Financials |work=Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation |publisher=Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation |access-date=April 6, 2014 |year=2014}}</ref>

The foundation posts its audited financial statements and [[Form 990#Fiduciary reporting|990-PF]] forms on the "Financials" section of its website as they become available. At the end of 2012, the foundation registered a cash sum of $4,998,000, down from $10,810,000 at the end of 2011. Unrestricted net assets at the end of 2012 were worth $31,950,613,000, while total assets were worth $37,176,777,000.<ref>{{cite web |title=Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation Consolidated Financial Statements |url=http://www.gatesfoundation.org/~/media/GFO/Who%20We%20Are/Financials/12GatesFoundation_FS.pdf |publisher=KPMG |access-date=April 6, 2014 }}</ref>

===Trust investments===
{{as of |2018|09|30}}, according to documents filed with the [[U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission]], the trust owned the following investments:<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1166559/000110465918068485/xslForm13F_X01/a18-40131_1informationtable.xml |title=Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation Trust Form 13F Information Table |publisher=[[U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission]]}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: right;"
|-
! scope="col" | Company
! scope="col" | # Shares
! scope="col" | Value<br />($ thousands)

|-
| style="text-align:left;"| [[Arcos Dorados Holdings]]
| 3,060,500
| $19,128

|-
| style="text-align:left;"| [[AutoNation]]
| 1,898,717
| $78,892

|-
| style="text-align:left;"| [[Berkshire Hathaway]] Class B
| 62,078,974
| $13,291,729

|-
| style="text-align:left;"| [[Canadian National Railway]]
| 17,126,874
| $1,537,993

|-
| style="text-align:left;"| [[Caterpillar Inc.]]
| 11,260,857
| $1,717,168

|-
| style="text-align:left;"| [[Coca-Cola FEMSA]]
| 6,214,719
| $380,589

|-
| style="text-align:left;"| [[Crown Castle]]
| 5,332,900
| $593,712

|-
| style="text-align:left;"| [[Ecolab]]
| 4,366,426
| $684,568

|-
| style="text-align:left;"| [[FedEx]]
| 3,024,999
| $728,390

|-
| style="text-align:left;"| [[Televisa]]
| 16,879,104
| $299,435

|-
| style="text-align:left;"| [[Liberty Global]] Class A
| 2,119,515
| $61,318

|-
| style="text-align:left;"| [[Liberty Global]] Class C
| 3,639,349
| $102,484

|-
| style="text-align:left;"| [[Liberty Global]] Latin America Class A
| 370,424
| $7,720

|-
| style="text-align:left;"| [[Liberty Global]] Latin America Class C
| 636,044
| $13,122

|-
| style="text-align:left;"| [[Microsoft]]
| 24,000,000
| $2,744,880

|-
| style="text-align:left;"| [[United Parcel Service]]
| 4,525,329
| $528,332

|-
| style="text-align:left;"| [[Walmart]]
| 11,603,000
| $1,089,638

|-
| style="text-align:left;"| [[Walgreens Boots Alliance]]
| 3,475,398
| $253,357

|-
| style="text-align:left;"| [[Waste Management (corporation)|Waste Management]]
| 18,633,672
| $1,683,739

|}

==Global development division==
{{more citations needed section}}
[[Christopher Elias]] leads the foundation's efforts to combat extreme poverty through grants as president of the Global Development Program.<ref>{{cite web |title=Who We Are – Leadership CHRISTOPHER ELIAS PRESIDENT |url=http://www.gatesfoundation.org/Who-We-Are/General-Information/Leadership/Management-Committee/Christopher-Elias |work=Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation |publisher=Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation |access-date=April 6, 2014 |year=2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407090439/http://www.gatesfoundation.org/Who-We-Are/General-Information/Leadership/Management-Committee/Christopher-Elias |archive-date=April 7, 2014 }}</ref>

In March 2006, the foundation announced a $5 million grant for the [[International Justice Mission]] (IJM), a human rights organization based in Washington, D.C., US to work in the area of [[sex trafficking]]. The official announcement explained that the grant would allow the IJM to "create a replicable model for combating sex trafficking and slavery" that would involve the opening of an office in a region with high rates of sex trafficking, following research. The office was opened for three years for the following purposes: "conducting undercover investigations, training law enforcement, rescuing victims, ensuring appropriate aftercare, and seeking perpetrator accountability".<ref>{{cite web |title=Gates Foundation Awards $5 Million to Fight Sex Trafficking |url=http://www.philanthropynewsdigest.org/news/gates-foundation-awards-5-million-to-fight-sex-trafficking |work=Philanthropy News Digest |publisher=Foundation Center |access-date=April 6, 2014 }}</ref>

The IJM used the grant money to found "Project Lantern" and established an office in the [[Philippines]] city of [[Cebu]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://philanthropynewsdigest.org/news/gates-foundation-awards-5-million-to-fight-sex-trafficking |title=Gates Foundation Awards $5 Million to Fight Sex Trafficking |work=Philanthropy News Digest (PND)|access-date=January 4, 2018 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.thenation.com/article/beyond-rescue/ |title=Beyond Rescue |last=Thrupkaew |first=Noy |work=The Nation|access-date=January 4, 2018 |issn=0027-8378}}</ref> In 2010, the results of the project were published, in which the IJM stated that Project Lantern had led to "an increase in law enforcement activity in sex trafficking cases, an increase in commitment to resolving sex trafficking cases among law enforcement officers trained through the project, and an increase in services – like shelter, counseling, and career training – provided to trafficking survivors". At the time that the results were released, the IJM was exploring opportunities to replicate the model in other regions.<ref>{{cite web |title=Project Lantern: Game-Changing Results in the Fight Against Trafficking |url=http://www.ijm.org/projectlantern |work=IJM |publisher=IJM |access-date=April 6, 2014 |year=2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407080609/http://www.ijm.org/projectlantern|archive-date=April 7, 2014|url-status=dead }}</ref>

===Gates Cambridge Scholarships===
In October 2000, William Gates established the [[Gates Cambridge Scholarships]] which allow students and scholars from the U.S. and around the world to study at [[Cambridge University]], one of the top universities in the world. The Gates Cambridge Scholarship has often been compared to the [[Rhodes Scholarship]], given its similarly international scope and substantial endowment. In 2000, the Gates Foundation endowed the scholarship trust with $210 million to help outstanding graduate students outside of the [[United Kingdom]] study at the [[University of Cambridge]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.gatescambridge.org/about |title=About |work=Gates Cambridge|access-date=January 4, 2018 |language=en}}</ref> The Gates Foundation has continued to contribute funds to expand the scholarship, making it one of the largest and best-endowed scholarships in the world. The Gates Cambridge Scholarship accepts less than 0.3% of applicants and remains extremely competitive. Each year, approximately 100 new graduate students from around the world receive funding to study at [[Cambridge University]].
[[File:Selwyn College Cambridge Main Gate.jpg|thumb|[[Selwyn College, Cambridge|Selwyn College]], [[University of Cambridge]]]]

===Financial assistance===
* [[Alliance for Financial Inclusion]] (AFI): A $35 million grant for the AFI supports a coalition of countries from the developing world to create savings accounts, insurance, and other financial services that are made available to people living on less than $2 per day.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/andrewcave/2014/07/31/banking-for-the-poor-will-this-be-bill-gatess-greatest-philanthropic-achievement/#2a6a59b19a1f |title=Banking For The Poor: Will This Be Bill Gates' Greatest Philanthropic Achievement? |last=Cave |first=Andrew |work=Forbes|access-date=January 4, 2018 |language=en}}</ref>{{citation needed}}
* [[Financial Access Initiative]]: A $5 million grant allows Financial Access Initiative to conduct field research and answer important questions about [[Microcredit|microfinance]] and financial access in impoverished countries around the world.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://wagner.nyu.edu/impact/centers/fai |title=Financial Access Initiative {{!}} NYU Wagner|website=wagner.nyu.edu|language=en|access-date=January 4, 2018}}</ref>
* [[Pro Mujer]]: A five-year $3.1 million grant to Pro Mujer—a microfinance network in [[Latin America]] combining financial services with healthcare for the poorest women entrepreneurs—will be used to research new opportunities for the poorest segment of the Latin American microfinance market.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20060426005812/en/Gates-Foundation-Awards-Pro-Mujer-3.1-Million |title=Gates Foundation Awards Pro Mujer $3.1 Million To Develop Innovative Microcredit Products|access-date=January 4, 2018 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Grameen Foundation]]: A $1.5 million grant allows Grameen Foundation to approve more microloans that support Grameen's goal of helping five million additional families, and successfully freeing 50 percent of those families from poverty within five years.<ref>{{cite press release |title=Gates Foundation Awards $1.5 Million to Grameen Foundation |publisher=[[Grameen Foundation]] |url=http://www.grameenfoundation.org/resource_center/newsroom/news_releases/~story=168 |access-date=October 26, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071005013401/http://www.grameenfoundation.org/resource_center/newsroom/news_releases/~story%3D168 |archive-date=October 5, 2007|url-status=dead }}</ref>
* Grant worth $1.3 million [[Lawrence Muganga]] for his book ''You Can't Make Fish Climb Trees''.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Rwandan wins Canadian Innovation Award|url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/107173|website=The New Times {{!}} Rwanda|language=en|access-date=May 11, 2020}}</ref>

===Agricultural development===
* [[International Rice Research Institute]]: Between November 2007 and October 2010, the Gates Foundation offered $19.9 million to the International Rice Research Institute. The goal of the aid was to support the increasing world demand for rice. The Gates Foundation claims: "To keep up with worldwide demand, the production of rice will have to increase by about 70 percent in the next two decades."<ref>{{cite web |title=Growing Better Rice for a Hungry World |url=http://www.good.is/posts/growing-better-rice-for-a-hungry-world |work=Good |publisher=GOOD Worldwide Inc |access-date=March 17, 2014 }}</ref> The International Rice Research Institute has developed [[Golden Rice]], a genetically modified rice variant developed to combat [[Vitamin A deficiency]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gatesfoundation.org/What-We-Do/Global-Development/Agricultural-Development/Golden-Rice |title=Agricultural Development Golden Rice|access-date= February 3, 2016|url-status= dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160203145910/http://www.gatesfoundation.org/What-We-Do/Global-Development/Agricultural-Development/Golden-Rice |archive-date=February 3, 2016 }}</ref>
* [[Alliance for a Green Revolution in Africa]] (AGRA): The Gates Foundation has partnered with the [[Rockefeller Foundation]] to enhance agricultural science and small-farm productivity in [[Africa]], building on the [[Green Revolution]] that the Rockefeller Foundation spurred in the 1940s and 1960s. The Gates Foundation has made an initial $100 million investment in this effort, to which the Rockefeller Foundation has contributed $50 million.{{Citation needed}}

===Water, sanitation and hygiene===
[[File:Sanitation Value Chain.jpg|thumb|upright=1.8|The "[[sanitation]] value chain" used by the Gates Foundation to illustrate their approach to sanitation, showing collection, transport, treatment and [[reuse of excreta|reuse]].<ref name=":8">BMGF (2015). [http://www.susana.org/en/resources/library/details/2317 Building demand for sanitation – a 2015 portfolio update and overview] – Water, sanitation, and hygiene strategy, June 2015. Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, Washington, US</ref>]]
[[File:2011 07-Internal ReinventTheToilet Animation.webm|thumb|The Gates Foundation created this video to advocate for increased innovation for [[toilet]]s and everything they are connected to]]
[[File:The vision of a toilet that is small - and pleasant - enough to fit inside someone's home (prototype but not fully functional) (13359389583).jpg|thumb|Example for technology innovation: The off-grid Nano Membrane Toilet of [[Cranfield University]] – prototype on display at Reinvent the Toilet Fair in Delhi, India ]]
The Water, Sanitation and Hygiene ([[WASH]]) program of the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation was launched in mid-2005 as a "Learning Initiative", and became a full-fledged program under the Global Development Division in early 2010.<ref name=":8"/> The foundation has since 2005 undertaken a wide range of efforts in the WASH sector involving research, experimentation, reflection, [[advocacy]], and field implementation. In 2009, the foundation decided to refocus its WASH effort mainly on [[sustainable sanitation]] services for the poor, using non-piped sanitation services (i.e. without the use of [[Sanitary sewer|sewers]]),<ref name=":8"/> and less on [[water supply]]. This was because the sanitation sector was generally receiving less attention from other [[Official development assistance|donors]] and from governments, and because the foundation believed it had the potential to make a real difference through strategic investments.

In mid-2011, the foundation announced in its new "Water, Sanitation, Hygiene Strategy Overview" that its funding now focuses primarily on sanitation, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia, because access to [[improved sanitation]] is lowest in those regions.<ref name=":0">BMGF (2011). [http://www.susana.org/en/resources/library/details/1663 Water, Sanitation & Hygiene Strategy Overview], Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, US</ref> Their grant-making focus has been since 2011 on sanitation science and technology ("transformative technologies"), delivery models at scale, urban sanitation markets, building demand for sanitation, [[Monitoring and evaluation|measurement and evaluation]] as well as policy, advocacy and communications.<ref name=":8"/><ref name=":0" />

In mid-2011, the foundation stated that they had committed more than $265 million to the water, sanitation, and hygiene sector over the past five years, i.e. since about 2006.<ref name=":0" /> For the time period of about 2008 to mid-2015, all grants awarded to water, sanitation, and hygiene projects totaled a value of around $650 million, according to the publicly available grant database.<ref name=":7" />
[[File:Earth auger toilet with squatting plate (13358958903).jpg|thumb|Example of low-tech toilet development being funded: A [[urine-diverting dry toilet]] called Earth Auger toilet from Ecuador/US]]
Improved sanitation in the developing world is a global need, but a neglected priority, as shown by the data collected by the [[Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply and Sanitation]] (JMP) of UNICEF and WHO. This program is tasked to monitor progress towards the [[Millennium Development Goal]] (MDG) relating to drinking water and sanitation.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.wssinfo.org/data-estimates/ |title=Data and estimates |access-date=March 12, 2015 |website=JMP – WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme (JMP) for Water Supply and Sanitation |publisher=WHO/UNICEF|url-status = dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150219114756/http://www.wssinfo.org/data-estimates |archive-date=February 19, 2015 }}</ref> About one billion people have no sanitation facility whatsoever and continue to defecate in gutters, behind bushes or in open water bodies, with no dignity or privacy. This is called [[open defecation]] and it poses significant health risks.<ref name=":2">JMP (2014). [http://www.susana.org/en/resources/library/details/2036 Progress on drinking water and sanitation, 2014 Update]. WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply and Sanitation (JMP), {{ISBN|978 92 4 150724 0}}, page 6</ref> India is the country with the highest number of people practicing open defecation: around 600 million people.<ref name=":3">JMP (2014). [http://www.wssinfo.org/fileadmin/user_upload/resources/JMP_report_2014_webEng.pdf Progress on drinking water and sanitation, 2014 Update] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150421023056/http://www.wssinfo.org/fileadmin/user_upload/resources/JMP_report_2014_webEng.pdf }}. WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply and Sanitation (JMP), {{ISBN|978 92 4 150724 0}}, page 19.</ref> The foundation has been funding many sanitation research and demonstration projects in India since about 2011.<ref>BMGF (2014). [http://www.susana.org/en/resources/library/details/2001 Reinvent the Toilet Challenge, Delhi, India – Program and Technical Guides]. Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, US</ref>

====Reinvent the Toilet Challenge====
In 2011, the foundation launched a program called "Reinvent the Toilet Challenge" with the aim to promote the development of innovations in toilet design to benefit the 2.5 billion people that do not have access to safe and effective sanitation.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.gatesfoundation.org/What-We-Do/Global-Development/Reinvent-the-Toilet-Challenge |title=What we do – Reinvent the Toilet Challenge – Strategy Overview |access-date=May 8, 2015 |publisher=Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation }}</ref><ref name=":1">BMGF (2012). [http://www.susana.org/en/resources/library/details/1636 Reinvent the Toilet Challenge (RTTC, Round 1 and 2), Grand Challenges Explorations (Round 6 and 7) – Request for proposals, grant conditions, Seattle exhibition fair program and exhibitor guide.] Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, US</ref> This program has generated significant interest of the mainstream media.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/11/19/opinion/bill-gates-cant-build-a-toilet.html?_r=0 |title=Bill Gates Can't Build a Toilet |access-date=March 24, 2015 |website=New York Times Opinion Pages |last=Kass |first=Jason}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/after-10-years-few-payoffs-from-gatesrsquo-lsquogrand-challengesrsquo/ |title=After 10 years, few payoffs from Gates' 'Grand Challenges' |access-date=March 24, 2015 |website=The Seattle Times, Local News |publisher=The Seattle Times |last=Doughton |first=Sandy}}</ref> It was complemented by a program called "Grand Challenges Explorations" (2011 to 2013 with some follow-up grants reaching until 2015) which involved grants of $100,000 each in the first round.<ref name=":1"/> Both funding schemes explicitly excluded project ideas that relied on centralized [[sanitary sewer|sewerage systems]] or are not compatible with development country contexts.<ref name=":5">Radke, N., Spuhler, D. (2013) [http://www.susana.org/_resources/documents/default/2-1636-gates-grant-schemes-simple-overview-may-2013-version-2.pdf Brief overview of conditions for water, sanitation and hygiene grants by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation]</ref>
[[File:Microbial fuel cell stack that converts urine into electricity (13359544514).jpg|thumb|[[Microbial fuel cell]] stack that converts [[urine]] into electricity (research by the [[University of the West of England]], UK)]]
Since the launch of the "Reinvent the Toilet Challenge", more than a dozen research teams, mainly at universities in the U.S., Europe, India, China, and South Africa, have received grants to develop innovative on-site and off-site waste treatment solutions for the urban poor. The grants were in the order of $400,000 for their first phase, followed by typically $1 million – 3 million for their second phase; many of them investigated resource recovery or processing technologies for [[excreta]] or [[fecal sludge]].<ref>Elisabeth von Muench, Dorothee Spuhler, Trevor Surridge, Nelson Ekane, Kim Andersson, Emine Goekce Fidan, Arno Rosemarin (2013) [http://www.susana.org/_resources/documents/default/2-2042-ssp-17okt20134-10-about-the-gates-sanitation-grants-on-forum.pdf Sustainable Sanitation Alliance members take a closer look at the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation's sanitation grants], Sustainable Sanitation Practice Journal, Issue 17, p. 4-10</ref>

The "Reinvent the Toilet Challenge" is focused on "reinventing the [[flush toilet]]". The aim was to create a toilet that not only removes [[pathogen]]s from human [[excreta]], but also [[resource recovery|recovers resources]] such as energy, clean water, and [[nutrient]]s (a concept also known as [[reuse of excreta]]). It should operate "[[off-the-grid]]" without connections to water, sewer, or electrical networks. Finally, it should cost less than 5 cents per user per day.<ref name=":5" /><ref name="Shaw" />

High-tech toilets for tackling the growing public health problem of [[human waste]] are gaining increasing attention, but this focus on a "technology fix" has also been criticized by many in the sector.<ref name=":4" /> However, low-tech solutions may be more practical in poor countries, and research is also funded by the foundation for such toilets.<ref name="Shaw">{{cite book |url=http://www.susana.org/en/resources/library/details/1993 |title=A Collection of Contemporary Toilet Designs |publisher=EOOS and WEDC, Loughborough University, UK |isbn=978-1-84380-155-9 |pages=40 |last1=Shaw |first1=R.}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |title=Reinventing the toilet for 2.5 billion in need |doi=10.2471/BLT.14.020714 |pmid=25110370 |last=Humphreys |first=Gary |journal=Bulletin of the World Health Organization |volume=92 |issue=7 |pages=470–471 |publisher=Bull World Health Organ 2014;92:470–471 |year=2014 |pmc=4121873}}</ref>

The Reinvent the Toilet Challenge is a long-term research and development effort to develop a hygienic, stand-alone toilet. This challenge is being complemented by another investment program to develop new technologies for improved [[Fecal sludge management|pit latrine emptying]] (called by the foundation the "Omni-Ingestor"<ref>Frederick, R., Gurski, T. (2012). [http://www.susana.org/en/resources/library/details/1718 Synapse Dewatering Investigation Report – Omni-Ingestor Phase 2, Milestone 1]. Consultancy report by Synapse (USA) commissioned by Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, US</ref>) and [[Septage|fecal sludge]] processing (called "[[Omni-Processor]]"). The aim of the "Omni Processor" is to convert [[excreta]] (for example [[Fecal sludge management|fecal sludge]]) into beneficial products such as energy and soil nutrients with the potential to develop local business and revenue.<ref>Kuchenrither, R. D., Stone, L., Haug, R. T. (2012). [http://www.susana.org/en/resources/library/details/1640 Omni-Processor Landscaping Project]. Consultancy report by WERF (Water Environment Research Foundation), commissioned by Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, US</ref>

==== Examples of transformative technologies research ====
* About 200 sanitation projects in many different countries and at various scales – some with a technology focus, some with a focus on market development or policy and advocacy, have received funding from the foundation since 2008.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.susana.org/en/resources/projects?vbl_2%5B%5D=&vbl_22%5B612%5D=612 |title=Projects, filtered by funding source Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation |access-date=March 24, 2015 |website=Sustainable Sanitation Alliance Website }}</ref>
* The [[University of KwaZulu-Natal]] in Durban, South Africa Gates Foundation was awarded $1.6 million in 2014 to act as a hub for sanitation researchers and product developers.<ref name=":6">[https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2015/may/26/residents-blame-durban-oil-refineries-for-health-problems Residents blame Durban oil refineries for health problems] The Guardian May 26, 2015</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.gatesfoundation.org/How-We-Work/Quick-Links/Grants-Database/Grants/2014/11/OPP1119939 |title=How we work, grant database (grant for UKZN) |access-date=May 27, 2015 |publisher=Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation }}</ref>
* One example of an [[Omni-Processor]] is a [[combustion]]-based system designed to turn fecal sludge into energy and [[drinking water]]. The development of this particular prototype by U.S.-based company Janicki Bioenergy attracted media attention for the sanitation crisis and the work of the foundation after Bill Gates drank water produced from this process.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.gatesnotes.com/Development/Omniprocessor-From-Poop-to-Potable |title=From poop to portable, This Ingenious Machine Turns Feces Into Drinking Water |access-date=January 13, 2015 |website=gatesnotes, The Blog of Bill Gates }}</ref>
* Examples for the Reinvent the Toilet Challenge include: Scientists at the [[University of Colorado Boulder]] were given funding of $1.8 million to develop a prototype [[toilet]] that uses solar heat to treat the [[feces|fecal matter]] and produce [[biochar]].<ref>{{cite web |title=World's First Solar Powered Toilet to be unveiled in India this month |url=http://news.biharprabha.com/2014/03/worlds-first-solar-powered-toilet-to-be-unveiled-in-india-this-month/ |work=IANS |publisher=news.biharprabha.com |access-date=March 14, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.gatesfoundation.org/How-We-Work/Quick-Links/Grants-Database/Grants/2012/08/OPP1065047 |title=How we work, grant database (grant for Uni Colorado Boulder) |access-date=May 27, 2015 |publisher=Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation }}</ref> Funding has been provided to [[RTI International]] since 2012 to develop a toilet based on electrochemical disinfection and solid waste combustion.<ref>{{cite web |title=Our Technology |url=http://abettertoilet.org/toilet-technologies/ |work=A Better Toilet For A Cleaner World |publisher=RTI International |access-date=March 17, 2014 |year=2014|url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140317082223/http://abettertoilet.org/toilet-technologies/ |archive-date=March 17, 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.gatesfoundation.org/How-We-Work/Quick-Links/Grants-Database#q/k=RTI&issue=Water%2C%20Sanitation%2C%20and%20Hygiene |title=How we work, grant database (grants for RTI) |access-date=May 27, 2015 |publisher=Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation }}</ref>

=== Other global initiatives ===
Some examples include:
* [[2004 Indian Ocean earthquake]]: The foundation made total grant donations of $3 million to various charities to help with the aid effort for victims of the earthquake. These charities include: [[CARE (relief agency)|CARE international]], [[International Rescue Committee]], [[Mercy Corps]], [[Save the Children]], and [[World Vision]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.gatesfoundation.org/How-We-Work/Quick-Links/Grants-Database/Grants/2004/12/OPP37580 |title=Mercy Corps |website=Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation |language=en|access-date=October 11, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.gatesfoundation.org/How-We-Work/Quick-Links/Grants-Database/Grants/2004/12/OPP37578 |title=Save the Children Federation |website=Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation |language=en|access-date=October 11, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.gatesfoundation.org/How-We-Work/Quick-Links/Grants-Database/Grants/2004/12/OPP37577 |title=CARE |website=Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation |language=en|access-date=October 11, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.gatesfoundation.org/How-We-Work/Quick-Links/Grants-Database/Grants/2004/12/OPP37576 |title=World Vision |website=Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation |language=en|access-date=October 11, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.gatesfoundation.org/How-We-Work/Quick-Links/Grants-Database/Grants/2004/12/OPP37572 |title=International Rescue Committee |website=Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation |language=en|access-date=October 11, 2017}}</ref>
* [[2005 Kashmir earthquake]]: The foundation made a donation of $500,000 for the earthquake.<ref>{{cite web |title=Pakistan Earthquake Homeless Number May Surpass Tsunami |url=http://www.mercycorps.org.uk/articles/pakistan-earthquake-homeless-number-may-surpass-tsunami |work=Mercy Corps |publisher=Mercy Corps |access-date=March 17, 2014 }}</ref>
* In 2014, the Gates Foundation released "flexible funds" in the order of $50 million to United Nations agencies and other organizations involved in the work against the deadly disease [[Ebola]] in West Africa.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/health-29145497 |title=New money added to emergency response to Ebola outbreak |access-date=March 24, 2015 |website=BBC News – Health |publisher=BBC, UK |last=Dreaper |first=Jane}}</ref>
* 2021 Emergency Funding. The foundation, with a group of philanthropists, has pledged £93.5m funding to cover UK foreign aid cuts.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Foreign aid: Gates and others to partially cover UK aid cuts|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-57791538|access-date=2021-07-13}}</ref>

The foundation is a donor to the [[National Geographic Society]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Power of Philanthropy |url=https://media.nationalgeographic.org/assets/file/2016_Annual_Report_DONOR_LIST_FINAL.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220510054615/https://media.nationalgeographic.org/assets/file/2016_Annual_Report_DONOR_LIST_FINAL.pdf |archive-date=2022-05-10 |access-date=2022-05-10 |website=National Geographic}}</ref>

The foundation is working with [[Mastercard]], [[GAVI]] and TrustStamp to create the Mastercard Well Pass. This program, being tested in 2020 in [[West Africa]], will integrate vaccination records with [[Cashless society|cashless payment]] capability.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Burt |first=Chris |title=Trust Stamp integrating biometric hash solution with Mastercard on children's vaccine record system |url=https://www.biometricupdate.com/202007/trust-stamp-integrating-biometric-hash-solution-with-mastercard-on-childrens-vaccine-record-system |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200713163943/https://www.biometricupdate.com/202007/trust-stamp-integrating-biometric-hash-solution-with-mastercard-on-childrens-vaccine-record-system |archive-date=2020-07-13 |access-date=2020-05-10 |website=Biometric Update}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Sen |first=Chaiti |title=Mastercard Digital Wellness Program to Enhance Transparency, Security and Choice for Online Shopping |url=https://www.mastercard.com/news/press/2019/june/mastercard-digital-wellness-program-to-enhance-transparency-security-and-choice-for-online-shopping/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20210119175951/https://www.mastercard.com/news/press/2019/june/mastercard-digital-wellness-program-to-enhance-transparency-security-and-choice-for-online-shopping/ |archive-date=2021-01-19 |access-date=2022-05-10 |website=Mastercard |language=en-US}}</ref>

==Global health division==
Since 2011, the president of the Global Health Program is Trevor Mundel.<ref>{{cite web |title=Leadership – Trevor Mundel |url=http://www.gatesfoundation.org/Who-We-Are/General-Information/Leadership/Management-Committee/Trevor-Mundel |work=Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation |publisher=Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation |access-date=April 6, 2014 |year=2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407090436/http://www.gatesfoundation.org/Who-We-Are/General-Information/Leadership/Management-Committee/Trevor-Mundel |archive-date=April 7, 2014 }}</ref>
* [[The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria]]: The foundation has donated more than $6.6 billion for global health programs, including over $1.3 billion donated as of 2012 on [[malaria]] alone, greatly increasing the dollars spent per year on malaria research.<ref name="garrett gates">[http://www.foreignaffairs.org/20070101faessay86103/laurie-garrett/the-challenge-of-global-health.html The Challenge of Global Health] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070109083214/http://www.foreignaffairs.org/20070101faessay86103/laurie-garrett/the-challenge-of-global-health.html }} Foreign Affairs, January/February 2007</ref><ref name="ReferenceB">{{cite web |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/02/16/science/16malaria.html |title=Gates Foundation's Influence Criticized |work=The New York Times |access-date=December 17, 2016}}</ref> Before the Gates efforts on malaria, malaria drugmakers had largely given up on producing drugs to fight the disease, and the foundation is the world's largest donor to research on diseases of the poor.<ref name="ReferenceB"/> With the help of Gates-funded vaccination drives, deaths from [[measles]] in Africa have dropped by 90 percent since 2000.<ref name="LA">{{Cite news |last1=Piller |first1=Charles |last2=Smith |first2=Doug |title=Unintended victims of Gates Foundation generosity |newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]] |url=https://www.latimes.com/nation/la-xpm-2007-dec-16-la-na-gates16dec16-story.html}}</ref>

The foundation has donated billions of dollars to help sufferers of [[AIDS]], [[tuberculosis]] and malaria, protecting millions of children from death at the hands of preventable diseases.<ref name="LA"/>

The Global Health Program's other significant grants include:
* [[Poliomyelitis eradication|Polio eradication]]: In 2006, the foundation provided $86 million toward efforts attempting to eradicate [[poliomyelitis]] (polio).<ref>[http://www.polioeradication.org/content/general/HistContributionWebMay06.pdf] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080414095646/http://www.polioeradication.org/content/general/HistContributionWebMay06.pdf}}</ref>
* The [[GAVI]] vaccine alliance: The foundation gave the GAVI Alliance (formerly the "Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunization") a donation of $750 million on January 25, 2005.<ref>{{cite press release |title=Gates Foundation, Norway Contribute $1 Billion to Increase Child Immunization in Developing Countries |author=[[GAVI]] |url=http://www.gavialliance.org/media_centre/press_releases/2005_01_24_en_pr_newfunds.php |access-date=October 24, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071013063234/http://www.gavialliance.org/media_centre/press_releases/2005_01_24_en_pr_newfunds.php |archive-date=October 13, 2007| url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Thomson |first=Iain |title=Bill Gates gives $750m to help African children |url=http://www.vnunet.com/vnunet/news/2126576/bill-gates-gives-750m-help-african-children |access-date=October 24, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071102051550/http://www.vnunet.com/vnunet/news/2126576/bill-gates-gives-750m-help-african-children |archive-date=November 2, 2007|url-status=dead }}</ref>
* Children's Vaccine Program: The Children's Vaccine Program, run by the [[Program for Appropriate Technology in Health]] (PATH), received a donation of $27 million to help vaccinate against [[Japanese encephalitis]] on December 9, 2003.<ref>{{cite press release |title=Children's Vaccine Program Receives Grant From Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation to Combat Japanese Encephalitis |publisher=[[Program for Appropriate Technology in Health]] |url=http://childrensvaccine.org/html/rel-031209.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031221215749/http://childrensvaccine.org/html/rel-031209.htm |archive-date=December 21, 2003 |access-date=October 24, 2007}}</ref>
* [[University of Washington Department of Global Health]]: The foundation provided approximately $30 million for the foundation of the new Department of Global Health at the University of Washington in [[Seattle]], US. The donation promoted three of the foundation's target areas: education, Pacific Northwest and global health.{{citation needed}}
* HIV Research: The foundation donated a total of $287 million to various [[HIV/AIDS]] researchers. The money was split between 16 different research teams across the world, on the condition that the findings are shared amongst the teams.<ref>{{cite news |work=BBC News |title=Gates gives $287m to HIV research |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/5197082.stm |access-date=October 24, 2007}}</ref>
* [[Aeras Global TB Vaccine Foundation]]: The foundation gave the Aeras Global TB Vaccine Foundation more than $280 million to develop and license an improved vaccine against tuberculosis (TB) for use in [[Disease burden|high-burden countries]] (HBCs).<ref>{{cite web |title=Gates Foundation Commits $82.9 Million to Develop New Tuberculosis Vaccines |url=http://www.globalhealth.org/news/article/4134 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091010163118/http://www.globalhealth.org/news/article/4134 |archive-date=October 10, 2009 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Nightingale |first=Katherine |title=Gates foundation gives US$280 million to fight TB |url=http://www.scidev.net/en/news/gates-foundation-gives-us280-million-to-fight-tb.html}}</ref>
* Cheaper high-tech tuberculosis (TB) test: In August 2012, the foundation, in partnership with [[President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief|PEPFAR]] (United States President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief), [[United States Agency for International Development|USAID]] (United States Agency for International Development) and [[UNITAID]] (an international drug purchasing facility hosted by WHO), announced they had finalized an agreement to reduce the cost of a commercial TB test (Cepheid's Xpert MTB/RIF run on the [[GeneXpert MTB/RIF|GeneXpert platform]]), from $16.86 to $9.98.<ref>{{cite web |title=Negotiated prices for Xpert® MTB/RIF and FIND country list |url=http://www.finddiagnostics.org/about/what_we_do/successes/find-negotiated-prices/xpert_mtb_rif.html |work=FIND Diagnostics |publisher=FIND |access-date=April 6, 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407082202/http://www.finddiagnostics.org/about/what_we_do/successes/find-negotiated-prices/xpert_mtb_rif.html |archive-date=April 7, 2014 }}</ref> This test can take the place of smear microscopy, a technique first developed in the 1880s by Robert Koch. Smear microscopy often does not show TB infection in persons who are also co-infected with HIV, whereas the GeneXpert system can show TB in the co-infected patient. In addition, the system can show whether the particular TB strain is resistant to the [[bactericidal]] antibiotic [[rifampicin]], a widely accepted indicator of the presence of multidrug resistant tuberculosis.<ref>{{cite web |title=Public-Private Partnership Announces Immediate 40 Percent Cost Reduction for Rapid TB Test |url=https://www.who.int/tb/features_archive/GeneXpert_press_release_final.pdf |work=World Health Organization |publisher=United Nations |access-date=April 6, 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Published evidence and commentary on the Xpert MTB/RIF assay |url=http://www.stoptb.org/wg/gli/assets/documents/map/XpertPublications.pdf |work=Stop TB Partnership |publisher=World Health Organization |access-date=April 6, 2014 }}</ref>
* [[Visceral leishmaniasis]] (VL) research: The foundation awarded the [[Hebrew University of Jerusalem]]'s Kuvin Center for the Study of Infectious and Tropical Diseases a $5 million grant in 2009 for research into visceral leishmaniasis (VL), an emerging parasitic disease in [[Ethiopia]], Africa, where it is frequently associated with HIV/AIDS and is a leading cause of adult illness and death. The project, a collaborative effort with [[Addis Ababa University]], will gather data for analysis—to identify the weak links in the transmission cycle—and devise methods for control of the disease.<ref>{{cite news |title=$5 m for disease control in Ethiopia |url=http://www.israel21c.org/briefs/5-m-for-disease-control-in-ethiopia |access-date=April 6, 2014 |newspaper=Israel21C }}</ref> In 2005 the foundation provided a $30 million grant to [[The Institute for OneWorld Health]] to support the nonprofit pharmaceutical company's VL work in the rural communities of India, Bangladesh and Nepal.<ref>{{cite web |title=Institute for OneWorld Health receives multimillion dollar grant |url=http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2005-12/ifoh-ifo113005.php |work=EurekAlert! |publisher=AAAS and EurekAlert! |access-date=April 6, 2014 }}</ref> By September 2006, the company had received approval from the Indian body Drug-Controller General of India (DCGI) for the Paromomycin Intramuscular (IM) Injection, a drug that provides an effective cure for VL following a 21-day course.<ref>{{cite web |title=New Cure for Deadly Visceral Leishmaniasis (Kala-Azar) Approved by Government of India, Institute for OneWorld Health and Gland Pharma Limited Achieve Critical Paromomycin Milestone |url=http://businesswireindia.com/news/news-details/new-cure-deadly-visceral-leishmaniasis-kala-azar-approved-by-governmen/10736 |work=Business Wire India |publisher=Business Wire India |access-date=April 6, 2014 }}</ref> In 2010 Raj Shankar Ghosh, the Regional Director for the South Asia Institute for OneWorld Health, explained that the foundation funded "the majority of our work" in the development of the drug.<ref>{{cite web |title=Q & A: Institute for OneWorld Health |url=https://www.landesbioscience.com/journals/virulence/OneWorldVir.pdf |work=Access Granted Rita. |publisher=Landes Bioscience |access-date=April 6, 2014 |first=Kyle |last=Funk |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407085007/https://www.landesbioscience.com/journals/virulence/OneWorldVir.pdf |archive-date=April 7, 2014 }}</ref>
* [[Group B streptococcus]]: The foundation gave $17,252,854 in September 2016 to [[Pfizer]] to develop a vaccine against Group B streptococcus (GBS) for distribution in developing countries.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pfizer Inc. |url=https://www.gatesfoundation.org/about/committed-grants/2016/09/opp1133548 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20210710054331/https://www.gatesfoundation.org/about/committed-grants/2016/09/opp1133548 |archive-date=2021-07-10 |access-date=2022-06-14 |website=Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation |language=en}}</ref> In May 2022, the funding was renewed with an additional $100,000,000.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pfizer Inc. |url=https://www.gatesfoundation.org/about/committed-grants/2022/05/inv044719 |access-date=2022-06-14 |website=Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation |language=en}}</ref>
* Next-Generation Condom: The foundation gave $100,000 to 11 applicants in November 2013 to develop an improved condom; that is, one that "significantly preserves or enhances pleasure, in order to improve uptake and regular use", according to the Gates Foundation's [[Grand Challenges in Global Health]] website.<ref>{{cite web |title=TOPIC: Develop the Next Generation of Condom |url=http://www.grandchallenges.org/Explorations/Topics/Pages/NextGenerationCondomRound11.aspx |work=Grand Challenges in Global Health |publisher=Grand Challenges in Global Health |access-date=April 6, 2014 }}</ref> Further grants of up to $1 million will be given to projects that are successful.<ref>{{cite news |title=Innovation: Next-Gen Condoms |url=http://images.businessweek.com/slideshows/2013-12-05/innovation-next-gen-condoms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131206122610/http://images.businessweek.com/slideshows/2013-12-05/innovation-next-gen-condoms |url-status=dead |archive-date=December 6, 2013 |access-date=April 6, 2014 |newspaper=Bloomberg Businessweek |first=Nick |last=Lieber}}</ref>
* [[Neglected tropical diseases]] (NTDs): Alongside WHO, the governments of the United States, United Kingdom and United Arab Emirates, and the World Bank, the foundation endorsed the [[London Declaration on Neglected Tropical Diseases]], "to eradicate, eliminate and intensify control of 17 selected diseases by 2015 and 2020", at a meeting on January 30, 2012, held at the Royal College of Physicians in London, UK.<ref>{{cite web |title=WHO roadmap inspires unprecedented support to defeat neglected tropical diseases |url=https://www.who.int/neglected_diseases/London_meeting_follow_up/en/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407075831/http://www.who.int/neglected_diseases/London_meeting_follow_up/en/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=April 7, 2014 |work=World Health Organization |publisher=WHO |access-date=April 6, 2014 }}</ref> Gates was the principal organizer responsible for bringing together the heads of 13 of the world's largest pharmaceutical companies and the foundation's monetary commitment to the Declaration was $363 million over five years.<ref>{{cite news |title=Drug companies join forces to combat deadliest tropical diseases |url=https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2012/jan/30/drug-companies-join-tropical-diseases |access-date=April 6, 2014 |newspaper=The Guardian |first=Sarah |last=Boseley}}</ref> On April 3, 2014, the two-year anniversary of the Declaration, Gates attended a meeting in [[Paris]] at which participants reviewed the progress that had been made against 10 neglected tropical diseases (NTDs). The foundation committed a further $50 million, together with $50 million from the [[Children's Investment Fund Foundation]] and $120 million from the World Bank.<ref>{{cite news |title=Bill Gates: world must step up fight against neglected tropical diseases |url=https://www.theguardian.com/society/2014/apr/03/bill-gates-world-must-fight-tropical-diseases |access-date=April 6, 2014 |newspaper=The Guardian |first=Sarah |last=Boseley}}</ref> The foundation has given in excess of $1 million to The END Fund, a public-private partnership to deliver medication for NTDs to areas in need.<ref>{{Cite web |title=END Fund Partners |url=https://end.org/who-we-are/partners/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220215194305/https://end.org/who-we-are/partners/ |archive-date=2022-02-15 |access-date=2022-06-06 |website=The END Fund |language=en-US}}</ref>
* [[Monoclonal antibody therapy|Monoclonal antibody therapies]]: In October 2018, the foundation awarded $8,279,723 to [[Inovio Pharmaceuticals]] to fund the development of "next-generation" delivery methods for [[Monoclonal antibody|monoclonal antibodies]] targeted for use in low- and middle-income countries.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Inc. |url=https://www.gatesfoundation.org/about/committed-grants/2018/10/opp1201239 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20220614004812/https://www.gatesfoundation.org/about/committed-grants/2018/10/opp1201239 |archive-date=2022-06-14 |access-date=2022-06-14 |website=Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations]] (CEPI): A global group tasked with more quickly developing [[vaccine]]s against infectious disease threats worldwide was launched on January 8, 2017, by a coalition of governments and nonprofit groups including the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. The Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations, funded with an initial investment of $460 million from [[Germany]], [[Japan]], [[Norway]], the [[Wellcome Trust]] and the Gates foundation, aims to develop [[vaccine]]s against known infectious disease threats that could be deployed quickly to contain outbreaks before they become global health emergencies, the group said in a statement at the [[World Economic Forum]] in [[Davos|Davos, Switzerland]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-01-18/gates-foundation-joins-new-460-million-coalition-for-vaccines |title=Gates Foundation Joins New $460 Million Coalition for Vaccines |newspaper=Bloomberg.com|access-date=January 19, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://wellcome.ac.uk/news/global-fund-outsmart-epidemics |title=Global fund to outsmart epidemics {{!}} Wellcome|website=wellcome.ac.uk|language=en|access-date=January 19, 2017}}</ref>

=== COVID-19 ===
Beginning in 2020, the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation has provided hundreds of millions of dollars of funding towards initiatives surrounding the [[COVID-19 pandemic|COVID-19 public health crisis]].

==== COVID-19 Therapeutics Accelerator ====
In 2020, together with the UK research charity [[Wellcome]] and [[Mastercard International Global Headquarters|Mastercard]], the Gates Foundation established the [[COVID-19]] Therapeutics Accelerator to hasten the development and evaluation of new and repurposed drugs and biologics to treat patients for [[COVID-19]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.goodnewsnetwork.org/gates-foundation-commits-100-million-to-coronavirus-response/ |title=Gates Foundation Commits $100 Million to Speeding Up Coronavirus Treatments and Response |website=Good News Network |language=en-US|access-date=March 15, 2020}}</ref> After the [[World Health Organization]]'s appeal for funding, the Gates Foundation pledged an extra US$150 million on top of the US$100 million already committed earlier.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Most Impressive Acts Of Charity By Famous People|url=https://www.ibtimes.sg/most-impressive-acts-charity-by-famous-people-45093|website=International Business Times, Singapore Edition|language=en|access-date=May 16, 2020}}</ref>

By April 2020, the foundation had provided backing for six candidates for vaccines against COVID-19.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Varshney |first=Neer |title=Bill Gates, Backer of Inovio And Six Others, Says Coronavirus Vaccine Could Be Mass Produced Within A Year |url=https://finance.yahoo.com/news/bill-gates-backer-inovio-six-074230868.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20220410093022/https://finance.yahoo.com/news/bill-gates-backer-inovio-six-074230868.html?guccounter=1 |archive-date=2022-04-10 |access-date=2022-06-14 |website=[[Yahoo! Finance]] |language=en-US}}</ref> In June, the foundation tapped the [[National University of Singapore]] to investigate which countries in [[Asia]] responded effectively to the pandemic.<ref>{{Cite web |title=National University of Singapore |url=https://www.gatesfoundation.org/about/committed-grants/2020/06/inv005598 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20220615022639/https://www.gatesfoundation.org/about/committed-grants/2020/06/inv005598 |archive-date=2022-06-15 |access-date=2022-06-15 |website=Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation |language=en}}</ref> On June 26, the foundation and its partners with the COVID-19 Therapeutics Accelerator announced the launch of the International COVID-19 Data Alliance (ICODA) to be hosted at Health Data Research UK.<ref>{{Cite web |title=COVID-19 Therapeutics Accelerator Donors Launch International Alliance to Connect Research Data Sources and Enable Collaboration |url=https://www.gatesfoundation.org/ideas/media-center/press-releases/2020/06/covid-19-therapeutics-accelerator-donors-launch-international-alliance |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414083155/https://www.gatesfoundation.org/Ideas/Media-Center/Press-Releases/2020/06/COVID-19-Therapeutics-Accelerator-Donors-Launch-International-Alliance |archive-date=2021-04-14 |access-date=2022-10-01 |website=Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation |language=en}}</ref>

In December 2020, the foundation solicited applications for funding for researchers at [[McMaster University]] to develop [[epidemiological models]] for [[SARS-CoV-2]], as well as [[COVID-19 vaccine]]s, [[Covid-19 treatment|treatments]] and [[Non-pharmaceutical intervention (epidemiology)|non-pharmaceutical interventions]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation: Grand Challenges ICODA COVID-19 Data Science |url=https://research.mcmaster.ca/funding/grand-challenges-icoda-covid-19-data-science-initiative/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20211201212030/https://research.mcmaster.ca/funding/grand-challenges-icoda-covid-19-data-science-initiative/ |archive-date=2021-12-01 |access-date=2022-06-10 |website=[[McMaster University]] Research & Innovation |language=en-US}}</ref> The foundation re-upped its support of ICODA in May 2021 with a grant of $577,246.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Health Data Research UK |url=https://www.gatesfoundation.org/about/committed-grants/2021/05/inv033701 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20221001073727/https://www.gatesfoundation.org/about/committed-grants/2021/05/inv033701 |archive-date=2022-10-01 |access-date=2022-10-01 |website=Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation |language=en}}</ref>

In August 2021, the foundation awarded a $587,568 grant to Wits Health Consortium to test the effectiveness of the [[COVID-19 vaccine]]s distributed in [[South Africa]] by [[Johnson & Johnson]] and [[Pfizer]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Wits Health Consortium (Pty) Ltd |url=https://www.gatesfoundation.org/about/committed-grants/2021/08/inv035995 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211119093632/https://www.gatesfoundation.org/about/committed-grants/2021/08/inv035995 |archive-date=2021-11-19 |access-date=2022-06-14 |website=Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation |language=en}}</ref>

In November 2021, the foundation gave $2,118,334 to [[Providence Therapeutics]] to develop more cost-effective [[mRNA vaccine]]s.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Providence Therapeutics |url=https://www.gatesfoundation.org/about/committed-grants/2021/11/inv036094 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20220614010933/https://www.gatesfoundation.org/about/committed-grants/2021/11/inv036094 |archive-date=2022-06-14 |access-date=2022-06-14 |website=Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation |language=en}}</ref>

==United States division==
Under President [[Allan Golston]], the United States Program has made grants such as the following:

===Donation to Planned Parenthood===
Up to 2013, the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation provided $71 million to [[Planned Parenthood]] and affiliated organizations. In 2014, Melinda Gates has stated that the foundation "has decided not to fund abortion", focusing instead on family planning and contraception in order to avoid conflation of abortion and family planning.<ref name="melindablog"/> In response to questions about this decision, Gates stated in a June 2014 blog post that "[she], like everyone else, struggle[s] with the issue" and that "the emotional and personal debate about abortion is threatening to get in the way of the lifesaving consensus regarding basic family planning".<ref name="melindablog">{{cite web |title=Reflections on My Recent Travels |first=Melinda |last=Gates |publisher=Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation |url=http://www.impatientoptimists.org/Posts/2014/06/Reflections-on-My-Trip-to-Toronto |access-date=June 15, 2014}}</ref> Since this time, their endeavors have shifted to a more global perspective, focusing on voluntary family planning and maternal and newborn health.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.gatesfoundation.org/What-We-Do/Global-Development/Family-Planning |title=Family Planning |website=Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation |language=en|access-date=July 20, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.gatesfoundation.org/What-We-Do/Global-Health/Maternal-Newborn-and-Child-Health-Discovery-and-Tools |title=Maternal, Newborn & Child Health Discovery & Tools |website=Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation |language=en|access-date=July 20, 2018}}</ref>

===Libraries===
In 1997, the charity introduced a U.S. Libraries initiative with a goal of "ensuring that if you can get to a public library, you can reach the internet". Only 35% of the world's population has access to the Internet.<ref name="Bill 2014">{{cite web|website=Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation|title=What We Do: Global Libraries Strategy Overview|url=http://www.gatesfoundation.org/What-We-Do/Global-Development/Global-Libraries}}</ref> The foundation has given grants, installed computers and software, and provided training and technical support in partnership with public libraries nationwide to increase access and knowledge.<ref name="Bill 2014"/> Helping provide access and training for these resources, this foundation helps move public libraries into the digital age.<ref name="Bill 2014"/>

Most recently, the foundation gave a $12.2 million grant to the [[Southeastern Library Network]] (SOLINET) to assist libraries in Louisiana and Mississippi on the [[Gulf Coast of the United States|Gulf Coast]], many of which were damaged or destroyed by [[Hurricane Katrina|Hurricanes Katrina]] and [[Hurricane Rita|Rita]].

===Education===
A key aspect of the Gates Foundation's U.S. efforts involves an overhaul of the country's education policies at both the K-12 and college levels, including support for teacher evaluations and charter schools and opposition to seniority-based layoffs and other aspects of the education system that are typically backed by teachers' unions.<ref name="nytimes.com">{{cite web |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/05/22/education/22gates.html |title=Behind Grass-Roots School Advocacy, Bill Gates |work=The New York Times |access-date=December 17, 2016}}</ref> It spent $373 million on education in 2009.<ref name="nytimes.com"/> It has also donated to the two largest national teachers' unions.<ref name="nytimes.com"/> The foundation was the biggest early backer of the [[Common Core State Standards Initiative]].<ref name="nytimes.com"/> In October 2017 it was announced that the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation would spend more than $1.7 billion over five years to pay for new initiatives in public education.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/answer-sheet/wp/2017/10/19/bill-gates-has-another-plan-for-k-12-public-education-the-others-didnt-go-so-well/ |title=Analysis {{!}} Bill Gates has a(nother) billion-dollar plan for K-12 public education. The others didn't go so well.|last=Strauss|first=Valerie|date=October 19, 2017|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|access-date=October 30, 2017|language=en-US|issn=0190-8286}}</ref>

One of the foundation's goals is to lower poverty by increasing the number of college graduates in the United States, and the organization has funded "Reimagining Aid Design and Delivery" grants to think tanks and advocacy organizations to produce white papers on ideas for changing the current system of federal financial aid for college students, to increase graduation rates.<ref name="chronicle.com">{{cite news |url=http://chronicle.com/article/The-Gates-Effect/140323/ |author=Marc Parry |author2=Kelly Field |author3=Beckie Supiano|title=The Gates Effect|newspaper=The Chronicle of Higher Education}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Reimagining Financial Aid |url=https://www.insidehighered.com/news/2013/03/14/look-all-15-reimagining-aid-design-and-delivery-reports-gates-foundation |website=Inside Higher Education |access-date=December 21, 2014 |author=Libby A. Nelson}}</ref> One of the ways the foundation has sought to increase the number of college graduates is to get them through college faster, but that idea has received some pushback from organizations of universities and colleges.<ref>{{cite journal |url=http://chronicle.com/article/How-Gates-Shapes-State/140303/ |title=How Gates Shapes State Higher-Education Policy|journal=The Chronicle of Higher Education |last1=Mangan |first1=Katherine}}</ref>

As part of its education-related initiatives, the foundation has funded journalists, think tanks, lobbying organizations, and governments. Millions of dollars of grants to news organizations have funded reporting on education and higher education, including more than $1.4 million to the Education Writers Association to fund training for journalists who cover education.<ref name="shape conversation">{{cite news |url=http://chronicle.com/article/To-Shape-the-National/140297/ |author=Jennifer Ruark|title=To Shape the National Conversation, Gates and Lumina Support Journalism|newspaper=The Chronicle of Higher Education}}</ref>

Some of the foundation's educational initiatives have included:
* [[Gates Cambridge Scholarships]]: In 2000, the Gates Foundation donated $210 million to help outstanding graduate students from the U.S. and around the world to study at the prestigious [[University of Cambridge]]. The Gates Cambridge Scholarship has often been compared to the [[Rhodes Scholarship]] given its international scope and substantial endowment. The scholarship remains extremely competitive with just 0.3% of applicants being selected. Each year, approximately 100 new graduate students from around the world receive funding to attend [[Cambridge University]]. Several buildings at the [[University of Cambridge]] also bear the name of William and Melinda Gates after sizable contributions to their construction.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gates.scholarships.cam.ac.uk/ |title=gates.scholarships.cam.ac.uk |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150509054021/http://www.gates.scholarships.cam.ac.uk/ |archive-date=May 9, 2015}}</ref>
[[File:20130808 Kings Back Court 01.jpg|thumb|[[Cambridge University]]]]
* [[Cornell University]]: Received $25 million from the foundation for a new Information Science building, named "Bill and Melinda Gates Hall". The total cost of the building was estimated at $60 million. Construction began in March 2012 and officially opened in January 2014.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://news.cornell.edu/stories/2014/01/cornells-new-gates-hall-not-what-it-seems|title=Cornell's new Gates Hall is not what it seems|website=Cornell Chronicle|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210504015433/https://news.cornell.edu/stories/2014/01/cornells-new-gates-hall-not-what-it-seems|archivedate=4 May 2021}}</ref>
* [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]]: Part of the [[Ray and Maria Stata Center]] is known as the "Gates Tower" in recognition of partial funding of the building.
* [[Carnegie Mellon University]]: The foundation gave $20 million to the [[Carnegie Mellon School of Computer Science]] for a new Computer Science building called the "Gates Center for Computer Science".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cmu.edu/cmnews/extra/060407_gates.html|title=University Unveils Plans for New Gates Center for Computer Science|website=www.cmu.edu}}</ref> It officially opened on September 22, 2009.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://gateshillman.blog.cs.cmu.edu/?p%3D122 |title=The Move |access-date=August 31, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100723190426/http://gateshillman.blog.cs.cmu.edu/?p=122 |archive-date=July 23, 2010 }}</ref>
* Smaller schools: The Gates Foundation claims one in five students is unable to read and grasp the contents of what they read, and African American and Latino students are graduating high school with the skills of a middle school student.<ref name="Tom Vander Ark 2002, pg 55-59">Tom Vander Ark, The Case for Smaller Schools; Vol 59, No. January 5, 2002, pg 55–59</ref> Gates Foundation has invested more than $250 million in grants to create new small schools, reduce student-to-teacher ratios, and to divide up large high schools through the schools-within-a-school model.<ref name="Tom Vander Ark 2002, pg 55-59" />
* D.C. Achievers Scholarships: The Gates Foundation announced March 22, 2007, a $122 million initiative to send hundreds of the District of Columbia's poorest students to college.<ref name="The Denver Post 2007">{{cite web | title=Gateses opening doors to college for D.C. kids – The Denver Post | website=The Denver Post| date=2007-03-22 | url=https://www.denverpost.com/2007/03/22/gateses-opening-doors-to-college-for-d-c-kids/ | access-date=2021-04-14}}</ref><ref name="The Washington Times 2007">{{cite web | title=Money for college | website=The Washington Times | date=2007-03-23 | url=https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2007/mar/23/20070323-085425-4562r/ | access-date=2021-04-14}}</ref>
* [[Gates Millennium Scholars]]: Administered by the [[United Negro College Fund]], the foundation donated $1.5 billion for scholarships to high achieving minority students.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://gmsp.org/|title=Gates Millennium Scholars Program}}</ref>
* NewSchools Venture Fund: The foundation contributed $30 million to help NewSchools to manage more charter schools, which aim to prepare students in historically underserved areas for college and careers.
* [[Strong American Schools]]: On April 25, 2007, the Gates Foundation joined forces with the [[Eli Broad|Eli and Edythe Broad Foundation]] pledging a joint $60 million to create [[Strong American Schools]], a nonprofit project responsible for running [[Strong American Schools|ED in 08]], an initiative and information campaign aimed at encouraging 2008 presidential contenders to include education in their campaign policies.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F30913FB3F5A0C768EDDAD0894DF404482 |title=Billionaires Start $60 Million Schools Effort |access-date=February 6, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407110259/http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F30913FB3F5A0C768EDDAD0894DF404482|archive-date=April 7, 2014|url-status=dead }}</ref>
* [[Teaching Channel]]: The Gates Foundation announced in September 2011 a $3.5 million initiative to launch a multi-platform service delivering professional development videos for teachers over the Internet, public television, cable and other digital outlets.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.gatesfoundation.org/Grants-2011/Pages/The-Teaching-Channel-OPP1040433.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121129050721/http://www.gatesfoundation.org/Grants-2011/Pages/The-Teaching-Channel-OPP1040433.aspx|url-status=dead |title=Gates Foundation Announces Grant To Teaching Channel |archive-date=November 29, 2012}}</ref> To date, over 500,000 teachers and educators have joined the community to share ideas, lesson plans and teaching methods.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.teachingchannel.org/teachers |title=Teaching Channel Community |work=Teaching Channel|access-date=December 21, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111224194928/http://www.teachingchannel.org/teachers|archive-date=December 24, 2011|url-status=dead }}</ref>
* The Texas High School Project: The project was set out to increase and improve high school graduation rates across Texas. The foundation committed $84.6 million to the project beginning in 2003. The project focuses its efforts on high-need schools and districts statewide, with an emphasis on urban areas and the Texas-Mexico border.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.edtx.org/|title=Educate Texas – Home|website=www.edtx.org}}</ref>
* University Scholars Program: Donated $20 million in 1998 to endow a [[scholarship]] program at Melinda Gates' alma mater, [[Duke University]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://sites.duke.edu/dukeusp/about-2/history/ |title=History - University Scholars Program |access-date=June 13, 2022}}</ref> The program provides full scholarships to about 10 members of each undergraduate class and one member in each class in each of the professional schools (schools of medicine, business, law, divinity, environment, nursing, and public policy), as well as to students in the Graduate School pursuing doctoral degrees in any discipline. Graduate and professional school scholars serve as mentors to the undergraduate scholars, who are chosen based on financial need and potential for interdisciplinary academic interests. Scholars are chosen each spring from new applicants to Duke University's undergraduate, graduate, and professional school programs. The program features seminars to bring these scholars together for interdisciplinary discussions and an annual spring symposium organized by the scholars.
* Washington State Achievers Scholarship: The Washington State Achievers program encourages schools to create cultures of high academic achievement while providing scholarship support to select college-bound students.
* William H. Gates Public Service Law Program: This program awards five full scholarships annually to the [[University of Washington School of Law]]. Scholars commit to working in relatively low-paying public service legal positions for at least the first five years following graduation.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.law.washington.edu/GatesScholar/Default.aspx |title=Gates Public Service Law – UW School of Law – Public Service |access-date=March 12, 2015}}</ref>
* [[University of Texas at Austin]]: $30 million challenge grant to build the [[Gates-Dell Complex|Bill & Melinda Gates Computer Science Complex]].<ref>[http://www.cs.utexas.edu/news-events/news/2009/new-computer-science-complex-university-texas-austin-receives-30-million-chall New Computer Science Complex at The University of Texas at Austin Receives $30 Million Challenge Grant from Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation | Computer Science Department The University of Texas at Austin]. Cs.utexas.edu (April 17, 2009). Retrieved on September 4, 2013.</ref>
* STAND UP: a national campaign that seeks to positively impact the current crisis within the United States public education system by calling upon community leaders, parents, students, and citizens to encourage change and STAND UP for better schools and the future of America's children. STAND UP was co-founded by the [[Eli Broad]] Foundation, and was launched in April 2006 on The Oprah Winfrey Show in a two-part feature.
* [[Alliance for Early Success]] to support the promotion, education, coordination, and alignment of policies that support vulnerable children ages birth through age eight.<ref>[https://earlysuccess.org/aboutus/national-early-childhood-funders/ Investors, Alliance for Early Success], Retrieved on July 20, 2020.</ref>
* [[Every Student Succeeds Act]]: donated about $44 million to help with the 2015 federal education law.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/aponline/2018/05/16/us/ap-us-bill-gates-state-school-plans-.html |title=Bill Gates Gives $44M to Influence State Education Reform |work=The New York Times|access-date=May 16, 2018 |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref>

===Pacific Northwest===
* [[Discovery Institute]]: Donated $1 million in 2000 to the Discovery Institute and pledged $9.35 million over 10 years in 2003, including $50,000 of [[Bruce Chapman]]'s $141,000 annual salary. According to a Gates Foundation grant maker, this grant is "exclusive to the [[Cascadia project]]" on regional transportation, and it may not be used for the institute's other activities, including promotion of [[intelligent design]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.discovery.org/a/1537/|title=Institute Hails $9.3 Million Grant from Gates Foundation|last=Discovery Institute|website=Discovery Institute}}</ref>
* Rainier Scholars: Donated $1 million.
* [[Computer History Museum]]: Donated $15 million to the museum in October 2005.<ref>{{cite news |work=BBC News |title=Gates cheers on computer museum |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/technology/4350972.stm |access-date=October 24, 2007}}</ref>

==Criticism==
===Education programs===

Some critics fear that the foundation directs the conversation on education or pushing its point of view through news coverage.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Strauss |first1=Valerie |title=Analysis : Um, who are Melinda and Bill Gates trying to kid? |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/education/2019/04/16/um-who-are-melinda-bill-gates-trying-kid/ |access-date=21 July 2022 |newspaper=Washington Post }}</ref> The foundation has said it lists all its grants publicly and does not enforce any rules for content among its grantees, who have editorial independence.<ref name="nytimes.com"/><ref name="shape conversation"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Storytelling Matters: A Look at the Gates Foundation's Media Grantmaking |url=http://www.impatientoptimists.org/Posts/2012/02/Storytelling-Matters-A-Look-at-the-Gates-Foundations-Media-Grantmaking |publisher=Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation |access-date=December 21, 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Schwab|first=Tim|title=Journalism's Gates keepers|url=https://www.cjr.org/criticism/gates-foundation-journalism-funding.php|access-date=2021-04-05|website=Columbia Journalism Review|language=en}}</ref> Union activists in Chicago have accused Gates Foundation grantee Teach Plus, which was founded by new teachers and advocates against seniority-based layoffs, of "[[astroturfing]]".<ref name="nytimes.com"/>

The K-12 and higher education reform programs of the Gates Foundation have been criticized by some education professionals, parents, and researchers because they have driven the conversation on education reform to such an extent that they may marginalize researchers who do not support Gates' predetermined policy preferences.<ref name="chronicle.com"/> Several Gates-backed policies such as small schools, charter schools, and increasing class sizes have been expensive and disruptive, but some studies indicate they have not improved educational outcomes and may have caused harm.<ref name="dissent">{{Cite web|url=https://www.dissentmagazine.org/article/got-dough-how-billionaires-rule-our-schools|title=Got Dough? How Billionaires Rule Our Schools}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/answer-sheet/wp/2014/10/08/an-educator-challenges-the-gates-foundation/ |author=Valerie Strauss|title=An educator challenges the Gates Foundation|newspaper=Washington Post}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Strauss |first1=Valerie |title=Bill Gates spent a fortune to build it. Now a Florida school system is getting rid of it. |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/answer-sheet/wp/2015/11/03/bill-gates-spent-a-fortune-to-build-it-now-a-florida-school-system-is-getting-rid-of-it/ |access-date=21 July 2022 |newspaper=Washington Post }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Strauss |first1=Valerie |title=Gates Foundation chief admits Common Core mistakes |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/answer-sheet/wp/2016/06/02/gates-foundation-chief-admits-common-core-mistakes/ |access-date=21 July 2022 |newspaper=Washington Post }}</ref>

Examples of some of the K-12 reforms advocated by the foundation include closing ineffective neighborhood schools in favor of privately run [[Charter schools in the United States|charter schools]]; extensively using standardized test scores to evaluate the progress of students, teachers, and schools; and merit pay for teachers based on student test scores. Critics also believe that the Gates Foundation exerts too much influence over public education policy without being accountable to voters or taxpayers.<ref name="dissent"/><ref>{{cite book|author=Diane Ravitch|title=The Death and Life of the Great American School System|publisher=Basic Books}}</ref><ref>Philip E. Kovacs. The Gates Foundation and the Future of U.S. "Public" Schools. Routledge, 2011.</ref>

===Global health division===
A 2007 investigation by the ''[[Los Angeles Times]]''<ref name="LA"/> claimed there are three major unintended consequences with the foundation's allocation of aid towards the fight against AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria. First, sub-Saharan Africa already suffered from a shortage of primary doctors before the arrival of the Gates Foundation, but "by pouring most contributions into the fight against such high-profile killers as AIDS, Gates grantees have increased the demand for specially trained, higher-paid clinicians, diverting staff from basic care" in sub-Saharan Africa. This "brain drain" adds to the existing doctor shortage and pulls away additional trained staff from children and those suffering from other common killers. Second, "the focus on a few diseases has shortchanged basic needs such as nutrition and transportation".<ref name="LA" /> Third, "Gates-funded vaccination programs have instructed caregivers to ignore – even discourage patients from discussing – ailments that the vaccinations cannot prevent".<ref name="LA" />

In response, the Gates Foundation has said that African governments need to spend more of their budgets on public health than on wars, that the foundation has donated at least $70 million to help improve nutrition and [[agriculture]] in Africa, in addition to its disease-related initiatives and that it is studying ways to improve the delivery of health care in Africa.<ref name="LA"/>

Both insiders and external critics have suggested that there is too much deference to Bill Gates's personal views within the Gates Foundation, insufficient internal debate, and pervasive "group think."<ref name="ReferenceB"/><ref name="theguardian.com">{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/jul/12/bill-and-melinda-gates-foundation |title=Inside the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation |work=[[The Guardian]] |first=Andy |last=Beckett}}</ref> Critics also complain that Gates Foundation grants are often awarded based on social connections and ideological allegiances rather than based on formal external review processes or technical competence.<ref name="theguardian.com"/>

Critics have suggested that Gates' approach to Global Health and Agriculture favors the interests of large pharmaceutical and agribusiness companies (in which Gates invests, see Biomatics Capital Partners) over the interests of the people of developing countries.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.ghwatch.org/sites/www.ghwatch.org/files/d1.3.pdf |title=The Gates Foundation |website=Global Health Watch|access-date=January 22, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://newint.org/features/2012/04/01/bill-gates-charitable-giving-ethics/ |title=The flip side to Bill Gates' charity billions – New Internationalist |first=Andrew |last=Bowman }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://faculty.maxwell.syr.edu/cbertini/Media/Kristi_Heim.pdf |title=Professor Catherine Bertini |access-date=December 17, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.humanosphere.org/social-business/2014/10/critics-say-gates-foundations-agriculture-program-wont-help-poor-farmers/ |title=Critics say Gates Foundation's agriculture program won't help poor farmers |work=Humanosphere }}</ref> After the Gates foundation urged the [[University of Oxford]] to find a large company partner to get [[Oxford–AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine|its COVID-19 vaccine]] to market, the university backed off from its earlier pledge to donate the rights to any drugmaker.<ref>{{cite web |title=They Pledged to Donate Rights to Their COVID Vaccine, Then Sold Them to Pharma |url=https://khn.org/news/rather-than-give-away-its-covid-vaccine-oxford-makes-a-deal-with-drugmaker/ |website=Kaiser Health News |access-date=January 28, 2021}}</ref>

Critics have outlined that the "Global Health Governance" approach as its conducted by the BMGF can best be understood as "Global Health [[Imperialism]]" breaking with the "traditional notions of [[Westphalian sovereignty]]" by enforcing capitalist policies on all countries.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Levich|first=Jacob|title=The Gates Foundation, Ebola, and Global Health Imperialism|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/43817537|journal=The American Journal of Economics and Sociology|volume=74|issue=4|pages=704–742|doi=10.1111/ajes.12110|jstor=43817537|issn=0002-9246}}</ref> Also the broader concept of "[[philanthrocapitalism]]" is criticised as not addressing the real issue of systemic inequality of capitalism. Instead of real social change organisations such as BMGF represent the interests of "highly sophisticated capitalists who know what they want and how best to get it" – the "Global Health Imperialism" agenda is devoted "to expanding worldwide markets and facilitating commerce on behalf of Western capitalism".<ref>{{Cite book|last=Levich|first=Jacob|title=Routledge Handbook on the Politics of Global Health|chapter-url=https://www.routledgehandbooks.com/doi/10.4324/9781315297255-20|chapter=Disrupting global health|pages=207–218|publisher=Routledge Handbooks Online|isbn=978-1-138-23859-6|language=en|doi=10.4324/9781315297255-20|s2cid=169678811}}</ref>

===AGRA===
The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation is one of the founders and primary financiers of the [[Alliance for a Green Revolution in Africa]] (AGRA), an African-led organization focused on "transforming African agriculture"<ref>{{cite web |title=Alliance for a Green Revolution |url=https://www.guidestar.org/profile/98-0513530 |website=Guidestar.org |access-date=13 May 2021}}</ref> to improve food security in Africa and reduce poverty among small farmers.<ref>{{cite web |title=Our Strategy - AGRA |url=https://agra.org/our-strategy/ |website=AGRA.org |access-date=13 May 2021}}</ref> Some critics allege that by encouraging the use of mass-produced fertilizers and new seed varieties, AGRA's hidden goal is not to lift small farmers out of poverty, but to control them through dependence on profit-oriented international supply chains.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.welt-ernaehrung.de/2013/08/19/bill-gates-in-afrika/|title=Bill Gates in Afrika » Welt-Ernährung|website=www.welt-ernaehrung.de}}</ref>

===Modi Goalkeepers Award===
On September 24, 2019, the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation gave its [[Goalkeepers (Gates Foundation)|Goalkeepers]] Global Goals award to Indian prime minister [[Narendra Modi]]. The decision to award Modi was widely criticized by academics, Nobel Prize laureates, and human rights activists from all over the world.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/sep/23/dismay-at-gates-foundation-prize-for-narendra-modi |title=Dismay at Gates Foundation prize for Narendra Modi | Letters |newspaper=The Guardian |via=www.theguardian.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/theguardian/commentisfree/2019/sep/24/narendra-modi-gates-foundation-award-donald-trump |title=The Gates Foundation shouldn't legitimise Narendra Modi|first1=Gloria |last1=Steinem |first2=Akeel |last2=Bilgrami |website=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-49738605 |title='Toilet trouble' for Narendra Modi and Bill Gates |first=Aparna |last=Alluri |work=BBC News }}</ref> A petition signed by over 100,000 people also demanded that the Gates Foundation rescind the award.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.stopgenocide.org/ |title=Don't reward fascism. The Butcher of Gujarat, Modi, doesn't deserve an award from the Bill Gates Foundation |website=Stop Genocide}}</ref> Critics insisted that Modi, a Hindu nationalist prime minister with an alleged long record of human rights abuse, should not be celebrated by an organization whose mission states that 'every life has equal value and all people deserve healthy lives.'<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/09/26/opinion/modi-gates-award.html |title=Opinion | Why I Resigned From the Gates Foundation |first=Sabah |last=Hamid |newspaper=The New York Times }}</ref> By giving Modi this prestigious award, they noted, the Gates Foundation contributes in legitimizing the rule of Modi.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://whro.org/news/3678-gates-foundation-s-humanitarian-award-to-india-s-modi-is-sparking-outrage |title=WHRO – Gates Foundation's Humanitarian Award To India's Modi Is Sparking Outrage |website=whro.org}}</ref>

===Poverty and education policy===
Critics say the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation has overlooked the links between poverty and poor academic achievement and has unfairly demonized teachers for poor achievement by underprivileged students. They contend that the Gates Foundation should be embracing anti-poverty and living wage policies rather than pursuing untested and empirically unsupported education reforms.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/answer-sheet/wp/2014/04/21/how-bill-gates-and-fellow-billionaires-can-actually-help-public-education/ |author=Valerie Strauss|title=How Bill Gates and fellow billionaires can actually help public education|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]}}</ref>

Critics say that Gates-backed reforms such as increasing the use of technology in education may financially benefit Microsoft and the Gates family.<ref name="chronicle.com"/><ref>{{cite news|author=Lyndsey Layton|title=How Bill Gates pulled off the swift Common Core revolution|newspaper=Washington Post}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/how-bill-gates-pulled-off-the-swift-common-core-revolution/2014/06/07/a830e32e-ec34-11e3-9f5c-9075d5508f0a_story.html?hpid=z1 |author=Mark Walsh|title=The Washington Post's 'Tense' Talk With Bill Gates on Common Core|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]}}</ref>

===Calls for divestment===
{{See also|Financial endowment#Divestment campaigns and impact investing}}
The foundation trust invests undistributed assets, with the exclusive goal of maximizing the [[return on investment]]. As a result, its investments include companies that have been criticized for worsening poverty in the same developing countries where the foundation is attempting to relieve poverty.<ref name=":6" /><ref>[http://www.democracynow.org/2007/1/9/report_gates_foundation_causing_harm_with Report: Gates Foundation Causing Harm With the Same Money It Uses To Do Good], Democracy Now!, January 9, 2007</ref> These include companies that pollute heavily and pharmaceutical companies that do not sell into the developing world.<ref>{{cite news |title=Dark cloud over good works of Gates Foundation |url=https://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/nation/la-na-gatesx07jan07,0,6827615.story |work=Los Angeles Times |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070108140548/https://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/nation/la-na-gatesx07jan07,0,6827615.story |archive-date=January 8, 2007}}</ref>
In response to press criticism, the foundation announced in 2007 a review of its investments to assess social responsibility.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/localnews/2003517601_gatesinvest10.html|title=Gates Foundation to review investments|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070516015458/http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/localnews/2003517601_gatesinvest10.html |archive-date=May 16, 2007|work=The Seattle Times}}</ref> It subsequently canceled the review and stood by its policy of investing for maximum return, while using voting rights to influence company practices.<ref>{{cite news|title=Gates Foundation to maintain its investment plan|work=The Austin Statesman}}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.thenation.com/article/archive/how-gates-foundations-investments-are-undermining-its-own-good-works/|title=How the Gates Foundation's Investments Are Undermining Its Own Good Works|first=Charles|last=Piller|magazine=The Nation}}</ref>

Critics have called on the Gates Foundation to [[Financial endowment#Divestment campaigns and impact investing|divest]] from the [[GEO Group]], the second-largest private prison corporation in the United States. A large part of the prison's work involves incarcerating and detaining migrants that have been detained by the [[Presidency of Barack Obama|Obama administration]] and the [[Presidency of Donald Trump|Trump administration]].<ref name="prisonlegalnews.org">{{cite news|author=Joe Watson|title=Demonstrators Protest Gates Foundation's $2.2 Million Investment in GEO Group|work=Prison Legal News|url=https://www.prisonlegalnews.org/news/2016/jul/6/demonstrators-protest-gates-foundations-22-million-investment-geo-group/}}</ref><ref>2012 tax return uploaded to this web page: http://www.iamawake.co/revealed-bill-gates-invests-billions-in-fast-food-private-prison-and-oil-companies/</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Madison Pauly|title=A Brief History of America's Private Prison Industry|website=Mother Jones|url=https://www.motherjones.com/politics/2016/06/history-of-americas-private-prison-industry-timeline/}}</ref> In spring 2014, the Gates Foundation acknowledged its $2.2 million investment in the prison corporation.<ref>{{cite news|author=Lael Henterly|title=Gates Foundation resists pressure to pull private prison investment|work=The Seattle Globalist|url=http://www.seattleglobalist.com/2014/05/08/gates-foundation-private-prison-investments-geo-nwdc/24430}}</ref> It rebuffed critics' request that it sever investment ties with the prison corporation. It has refused to comment on whether it is continuing its investments, as of 2016.<ref name="prisonlegalnews.org"/><ref>{{cite web|author=Alex Park|title=Is the Gates Foundation Still Investing in Private Prisons?|website=Mother Jones|url=https://www.motherjones.com/politics/2014/12/gates-foundation-still-investing-private-prisons/}}</ref>

==Awards==
* In 2006, the foundation won the [[Prince of Asturias Award]] for International Cooperation.<ref>[http://www.fundacionprincipedeasturias.org/ing/04/premiados/trayectorias/trayectoria807.html Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081204114126/http://www.fundacionprincipedeasturias.org/ing/04/premiados/trayectorias/trayectoria807.html }}</ref>
* In 2007, then-[[President of India]] [[Pratibha Devisingh Patil]] presented the [[Indira Gandhi Prize|Indira Gandhi Prize for Peace, Disarmament and Development]] to the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/gates-foundation-to-get-indira-gandhi-peace-prize/284494/|title=Gates Foundation to get Indira Gandhi peace prize – Indian Express|website=archive.indianexpress.com}}</ref>
* In recognition of the foundation's philanthropic activities in India, Bill and Melinda Gates jointly received India's third highest civilian honor [[Padma Bhushan]] in 2015.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/advani-bachchan-dilip-kumar-get-padma-vibhushan/article6821421.ece |title=Advani, Bachchan, Dilip Kumar get Padma Vibhushan |author=PTI |work=The Hindu}}</ref>
* On November 22, 2016, President [[Barack Obama]] honored Bill and Melinda Gates with [[Presidential Medal of Freedom|The Presidential Medal of Freedom]] for their philanthropic efforts.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/campaign/medal-of-freedom |work=[[whitehouse.gov]] |title=The Presidential Medal of Freedom |via=[[NARA|National Archives]] |access-date=November 23, 2016}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Bill & Melinda Gates Medical Research Institute]]
* [[Corporate social responsibility]]
* [[Global Alliance for Improved Nutrition]]
* [[List of wealthiest charitable foundations]]
* [[Philanthropy]]
* [[Social enterprise]]
* [[Social entrepreneurship]]
* [[Social responsibility]]

==Notes and references==

{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==
* {{official website}}
** [https://www.gatesfoundation.org/How-We-Work/Quick-Links/Grants-Database Grants database from 1994 onward] ''(grant payments only, not contracts or investments)''
* [https://greatmotive.com/bill-gates/#Bill_Gates_Net_Worth Bill Gates donated his $35.8 billion to the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation] World's Biggest Charitable Trust
* [http://foundationcenter.org/findfunders/topfunders/top100assets.html The Foundation Center: Top 100 US Foundations by asset size] Gates Foundation ranked number one.

{{Bill Gates}}
{{Prince of Asturias Award for International Cooperation}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Gates}}
[[Category:Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation| ]]
[[Category:NBBJ buildings]]
[[Category:Bill Gates]]
[[Category:Biomedical research foundations]]
[[Category:Rockefeller Foundation]]
[[Category:Organizations established in 2000]]
[[Category:2000 establishments in Washington (state)]]
[[Category:International development agencies]]
[[Category:Non-profit organizations based in Seattle]]
[[Category:Research institutes in Seattle]]
[[Category:Articles containing video clips]]
[[Category:Shorty Award winners]]
[[Category:Educational foundations in the United States]]
[[Category:Development charities based in the United States]]
[[Category:United Arab Emirates Health Foundation Prize laureates]]

Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare

2022-02-18T20:07:21Z

EmanuelH79: Produced a new article draft.

#REDIRECT [[Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers' Welfare]]

{{R from move}}

Minority group

2022-01-28T04:12:47Z

EmanuelH79: New addition.

{{Short description|Sociological/demographic category}}
{{Redirect|Minorities|the term used in Lebanese politics|Minorities (Lebanon)}}
{{EngvarB}}
{{Use dmy dates}}

The term '<nowiki/>'''minority group'''' has different usages, depending on the context. According to its common usage, a minority group can simply be understood in terms of demographic sizes within a population: i.e. a group in society with the least number of individuals is therefore the 'minority’. However, in terms of sociology, economics, and politics, a demographic which takes up the smallest fraction of the population is not necessarily the 'minority’. In the academic context, 'minority' and 'majority' groups are more appropriately understood in terms of hierarchical [[power structure]]s. For example, in South Africa, during [[Apartheid]], white Europeans held virtually all social, economic, and political power over black Africans. For this reason, black Africans are the 'minority group’, despite the fact that they outnumber white Europeans in South Africa. This is why academics more frequently use the term ''''minority group'''' to refer to a [[Categorization|category]] of people that experience relative disadvantage, as compared to members of a dominant social group.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Race, ethnicity, gender, & class : the sociology of group conflict and change|author=Healey, Joseph F.|others=Stepnick, Andi,, O'Brien, Eileen, 1972–|isbn=9781506346946|edition= Eighth |location=Thousand Oaks, California|oclc=1006532841}}</ref> To address this ambiguity, [[Harris Mylonas]] has proposed the term 'non-core group’, instead of 'minority group’, to refer to any aggregation of individuals that is perceived as an unassimilated ethnic group (on a linguistic, religious, physical, or ideological basis) by the ruling political elite of a country"<ref>{{cite book |last=Mylonas |first=Harris |title=The Politics of Nation-Building: Making Co-Nationals, Refugees, and Minorities |year=2012 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |location=New York |isbn=978-1107661998 |page=xx| url=http://www.cambridge.org/us/academic/subjects/politics-international-relations/comparative-politics/politics-nation-building-making-co-nationals-refugees-and-minorities}}</ref> and reserves the term 'minority' only for groups that have been granted minority rights by their state of residence.

Minority group membership is typically based on differences in observable characteristics or practices, such as: [[Ethnic group|ethnicity]] (ethnic minority), [[Race (human categorization)|race]] (racial minority), religion ([[Minority religion|religious minority]]), sexual orientation ([[sexual minority]]), or [[disability]].<ref>{{Cite book|title=Essentials of sociology|first=George|last=Ritzer|isbn=9781483340173|location=Los Angeles|oclc=871004576}}</ref> The framework of [[intersectionality]] can be used to recognize that an individual may simultaneously hold membership in multiple minority groups (e.g. both a racial and religious minority).<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Hughes |first1=Melanie |title=Intersectionality, Quotas, and Minority Women's Political Representation Worldwide |journal=American Political Science Review |volume=3 |issue=105 |pages=604–620 |doi=10.1017/S0003055411000293|s2cid=2592368 }}</ref> Likewise, individuals may also be part of a minority group in regard to some characteristics, but part of a dominant group in regard to others.<ref name=":4">{{Citation|last1=Laurie|first1=Timothy|title=The Concept of Minority for the Study of Culture|url=https://www.academia.edu/31725889|journal=Continuum: Journal of Media & Cultural Studies|volume=31|issue=1|pages=3|year=2017|last2=Khan|first2=Rimi|doi=10.1080/10304312.2016.1264110|s2cid=152009904}}</ref>

The term "minority group" often occurs within the [[discourse]] of [[civil rights]] and [[collective rights]], as members of minority groups are prone to differential treatment in the countries and societies in which they live.<ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/louilr63&div=34&id=&page=|title=The Struggle for Civil Rights: The Need for, and Impediments to, Political Coalitions among and within Minority Groups|last=Johnson|first=Kevin|journal=Louisiana Law Review|volume=63|page=759|access-date=2018-08-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190215102813/https://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals%2Flouilr63&div=34&id=&page=|archive-date=2019-02-15|url-status=live}}</ref> Minority group members often face [[discrimination]] in multiple areas of social life, including housing, employment, healthcare, and education, among others.<ref>{{Cite book|title=The economics of discrimination|last=Becker|first=Gary S.|publisher=University of Chicago Press|isbn=9780226041049|edition= 2nd|location=Chicago|oclc=658199810}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Williams|first=David R.|title=Race, Socioeconomic Status, and Health The Added Effects of Racism and Discrimination|journal=Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences|language=en|volume=896|issue=1|pages=173–188|doi=10.1111/j.1749-6632.1999.tb08114.x|pmid=10681897|bibcode=1999NYASA.896..173W|issn=0077-8923|hdl=2027.42/71908|s2cid=26852165|url=https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/71908/1/j.1749-6632.1999.tb08114.x.pdf|access-date=2019-09-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120126203618/http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/71908/1/j.1749-6632.1999.tb08114.x.pdf|archive-date=2012-01-26|url-status=live|hdl-access=free}}</ref> While discrimination may be committed by individuals, it may also occur through [[Structural inequality|structural inequalities]], in which rights and opportunities are not equally accessible to all.<ref>{{Cite journal|author-link1=Mieke Verloo|last=Verloo|first=Mieke|title=Multiple Inequalities, Intersectionality and the European Union|journal=European Journal of Women's Studies|language=en|volume=13|issue=3|pages=211–228|doi=10.1177/1350506806065753|s2cid=21752012|issn=1350-5068|url=http://www.ssoar.info/ssoar/handle/document/22512|access-date=2018-09-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190210152558/https://www.ssoar.info/ssoar/handle/document/22512|archive-date=2019-02-10|url-status=live}}</ref> The language of [[minority rights]] is often used to discuss laws designed to protect minority groups from discrimination and afford them equal social status to the dominant group.<ref>{{Cite book|title=The minority rights revolution|last=Skrentny|first=John David|publisher=Belknap Press of Harvard University Press|isbn=9780674043732|location=Cambridge, Mass.|oclc=431342257}}</ref>

== Definitions ==
Prior to the [[Paris Peace Conference (1919–1920)]], the term "minority" primarily referred to political parties in national legislatures, not ethnic, national, linguistic or religious groups.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Robson |first=Laura |title=Capitulations Redux: The Imperial Genealogy of the Post–World War I "Minority" Regimes |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ahr/rhab358 |journal=The American Historical Review |volume=126 |issue=3 |pages=978–1000 |doi=10.1093/ahr/rhab358 |issn=0002-8762}}</ref> The Paris Conference has been attributed with coining the concept of minority rights and bringing prominence to it.<ref name=":0" /> The League of Nations Minorities Commission defined minority in 1919 as "nationals belonging to racial, religious, or linguistic minorities".<ref name=":0" />

=== Sociological ===
[[Louis Wirth]] defined a minority group as "a group of people who, because of their physical or cultural characteristics, are singled out from the others in the [[society]] in which they live for differential and unequal treatment, and who therefore regard themselves as objects of collective discrimination".<ref name=":3">{{cite book|title=The Science of Man in the World Crisis|last=Wirth|first=L.|publisher=Columbia University Press|year=1945|editor-last=Linton|editor-first=Ralph|location=New York|page=347|chapter=The Problem of Minority Groups}} The political scientist and law professor, Gad Barzilai, has offered a theoretical definition of non-ruling communities that conceptualizes groups that do not rule and are excluded from resources of political power. Barzilai, G. ''Communities and Law: Politics and Cultures of Legal Identities''. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.</ref> The definition includes both objective and subjective criteria: membership of a minority group is objectively [[Ascribed status|ascribed]] by society, based on an individual's physical or behavioral characteristics; it is also subjectively applied by its members, who may use their status as the basis of group identity or [[Social solidarity|solidarity]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/version/12323228|title=Minorities in the new world: six case studies|last1=Wagley|first1=Charles|last2=Harris|first2=Marvin|publisher=New York: Columbia University Press|language=en}}</ref> Thus, minority group status is categorical: an individual who exhibits the physical or behavioral characteristics of a given minority group is accorded the status of that group and is subject to the same treatment as other members of that group.<ref name=":3" />

[[Joe Feagin]], states that a minority group has five characteristics: (1) suffering discrimination and subordination, (2) physical and/or cultural traits that set them apart, and which are disapproved by the dominant group, (3) a shared sense of collective identity and common burdens, (4) socially shared rules about who belongs and who does not determine minority status, and (5) tendency to marry within the group.<ref>{{cite book|title=Racial and Ethnic Relations|author=Joe R. Feagin|publisher=Prentice-Hall|year=1984|isbn=978-0-13-750125-0|edition= 2nd|pages=10}}</ref>

==== Criticisms ====
There is a controversy with the use of the word minority, as it has a generic and an academic usage.<ref>{{cite book|title=Cultural Diversity Glossary of Terms|publisher=Diversity Training University International Publications Division|year=2008|pages=4}}</ref> Common usage of the term indicates a statistical minority; however, academics refer to power differences among groups rather than differences in population size among groups.<ref name="Barzilai 20102">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1sHzZbXdjggC|title=Communities and Law: Politics and Cultures of Legal Identities|last=Barzilai|first=Gad|publisher=University of Michigan Press|year=2010|isbn=978-0472024001|access-date=2017-02-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170228091852/https://books.google.com/books?id=1sHzZbXdjggC|archive-date=2017-02-28|url-status=live}}</ref>

The above criticism is based on the idea that a group can be considered a minority even if it includes such a large number of people that it is numerically not a minority in society.

Some sociologists have criticized the concept of "minority/majority", arguing this language excludes or neglects changing or unstable cultural identities, as well as cultural affiliations across national boundaries.<ref>{{Citation|last1=Laurie|first1=Timothy|title=The Concept of Minority for the Study of Culture|url=https://www.academia.edu/31725889|journal=Continuum: Journal of Media & Cultural Studies|volume=31|issue=1|pages=1–12|year=2017|last2=Khan|first2=Rimi|doi=10.1080/10304312.2016.1264110|s2cid=152009904}}</ref> As such, the term historically excluded groups (HEGs) is often similarly used to highlight the role of historical oppression and domination, and how this results in the under-representation of particular groups in various areas of social life.<ref>{{Citation|last1=Konrad|first1=Alison M.|work=Handbook of Gender & Work|pages=[https://archive.org/details/handbookofgender0000unse/page/429 429–452]|publisher=SAGE Publications, Inc.|doi=10.4135/9781452231365.n22|last2=Linnehan|first2=Frank|title=Handbook of Gender & Work Handbook of gender & work|isbn=9780761913559|url=https://archive.org/details/handbookofgender0000unse/page/429}}</ref>

=== Political ===
The term national minority is often used to discuss minority groups in international and national politics.<ref name=":5">{{cite journal|author=Daniel Šmihula|year=2008|title=National Minorities in the Law of the EC/EU|url=http://ns.ier.ro/site/documente/rjea_pdf/RJEA_Vol8_No3_Sept2008.pdf|url-status=dead|journal=Romanian Journal of European Affairs|volume=8|pages=51–81|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110823110657/http://ns.ier.ro/site/documente/rjea_pdf/RJEA_Vol8_No3_Sept2008.pdf|archive-date=2011-08-23|number=3}}</ref> All countries contain some degree of racial, ethnic, or linguistic diversity.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2013/07/18/the-most-and-least-culturally-diverse-countries-in-the-world/|title=The most (and least) culturally diverse countries in the world|website=Pew Research Center|language=en-US|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190811213739/https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2013/07/18/the-most-and-least-culturally-diverse-countries-in-the-world/|archive-date=2019-08-11|access-date=2019-11-01}}</ref> In addition, minorities may also be immigrant, indigenous or landless nomadic communities.<ref>{{Cite book|title=The representation of minorities and indigenous peoples in parliament : a global overview|first=Oleh|last=Protsyk|publisher=Inter-parliamentary Union|others=Inter-parliamentary Union.627|location=Geneva|oclc=754152959}}</ref> This often results in variations in language, culture, beliefs, practices, that set some groups apart from the dominant group. As these differences are usually perceived negatively, this results in loss of social and political power for members of minority groups.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Verkuyten|first=Maykel|title=Ethnic Group Identification and Group Evaluation Among Minority and Majority Groups: Testing the Multiculturalism Hypothesis|journal=Journal of Personality and Social Psychology|language=en|volume=88|issue=1|pages=121–138|doi=10.1037/0022-3514.88.1.121|pmid=15631579|issn=1939-1315|citeseerx=10.1.1.595.7633}}</ref>

There is no legal definition of national minorities in international law, though protection of minority groups is outlined by the United Nations [[Declaration on the Rights of Persons Belonging to National or Ethnic, Religious and Linguistic Minorities]]. [[International criminal law]] can protect the rights of racial or ethnic minorities in several ways.<ref>[[Lyal Sunga|Lyal S. Sunga]] (2004). ''International Criminal Law: Protection of Minority Rights, Beyond a One-Dimensional State: An Emerging Right to Autonomy?'' ed. Zelim Skurbaty. (2004) 255–275.</ref> The right to [[self-determination]] is a key issue. The Council of Europe regulates minority rights in the [[European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages]] and the [[Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities]].

In some places, subordinate [[ethnic group]]s may constitute a numerical majority, such as Blacks in [[South Africa under apartheid]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=du Toit|first1=Pierre|last2=Theron|first2=François|title=Ethnic and minority groups, and constitutional change in South Africa|journal=Journal of Contemporary African Studies|language=en|volume=7|issue=1–2|pages=133–147|doi=10.1080/02589008808729481|issn=0258-9001}}</ref> In the [[United States]], for example, non-Hispanic Whites constitute the majority (63.4%) and all other racial and ethnic groups ([[Mexican Americans|Mexican]], [[African Americans]], [[Asian Americans]], [[Native Americans in the United States|American Indian]], and [[Native Hawaiians]]) are classified as "minorities".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/US/PST045217|title=U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts: United States|website=Census Bureau QuickFacts|language=en-US|access-date=2018-08-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180816204719/https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/US/PST045217|archive-date=2018-08-16|url-status=live}}</ref> If the non-Hispanic White population falls below 50% the group will only be the ''plurality'', not the majority.

== Examples of minority groups ==
===Ethnic minorities===
There is inadequate evidence whether mass media targeting ethnic minorities are more effective in changing health behaviors such as smoking cessation, weight reduction, and food habits when compared to mass media intended for the general population.<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Mosdøl A, Lidl IB, Straumann GH, Vist GE |title=Targeted Mass Media Interventions Promoting Healthy Behaviours to Reduce Risk of Non-Communicable Diseases in Adult, Ethnic Minorities |journal=Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews |volume=2017 |issue=2 |pages=CD011683 |doi=10.1002/14651858.CD011683.pub2 |pmid=28211056 |pmc=6464363}}</ref> For example, [[Romani people]] are considered an ethnic minority in Europe. Romani people are Europe's largest ethnic minority.<ref>{{cite news|url= https://www.reuters.com/article/us-global-roma-rights-idUSKCN1RK01Y|title= Roma people: 10 ways Europe's biggest minority faces discrimination|website=Reuters}}</ref>

=== National minorities ===
A national minority is a social group within a state that differs from the majority and/or dominant population in terms of ethnicity, language, culture, or religion, but also it also tends to have a close link with a specific territory from which the minority social group originates.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |title=United Nations Guide for Minorities |url=https://www.ohchr.org/en/minorities/united-nations-guide-minorities |url-status=live |website=www.ohchr.org/en/ohchr_homepage}}</ref>

=== Involuntary minorities ===
Also known as "castelike minorities", involuntary minorities are a term for people who were originally brought into any society against their will. In the United States, for instance, it includes but is not limited to Native Americans, Native Hawaiians, Puerto Ricans, African Americans,<ref name=":02">{{Cite web|url=https://www.adams.edu/administration/hr/search-procedures/understanding-cultural-diversity-and-learning.pdf|title=Understanding Cultural Diversity and Learning|last=Ogbu|first=John U.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151004223606/http://www.adams.edu/administration/hr/search-procedures/understanding-cultural-diversity-and-learning.pdf|archive-date=2015-10-04|url-status=dead}}</ref> and in the 1800s, native-born [[Hispanics]].<ref name=":12">{{Cite journal|last=Ogbu and Simons|title=Voluntary and Involuntary Minorities: A Cultural-Ecological Theory of School Performance with Some Implications for Education|url=http://faculty.washington.edu/rsoder/EDUC305/OgbuSimonsvoluntaryinvoluntary.pdf|journal=Anthropology and Education Quarterly|volume=29|issue=2|pages=155–188|doi=10.1525/aeq.1998.29.2.155|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160312005949/http://faculty.washington.edu/rsoder/EDUC305/OgbuSimonsvoluntaryinvoluntary.pdf|archive-date=2016-03-12|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Voluntary minorities ===
Immigrants take on minority status in their new country, usually in hopes of a better future economically, educationally, and politically than in their homeland. Because of their focus on success, voluntary minorities are more likely to do better in school than other migrating minorities.<ref name=":02" /> Adapting to a very different culture and language makes difficulties in the early stages of life in the new country. Voluntary immigrants do not experience a sense of divided identity as much as involuntary minorities and are often rich in social capital because of their educational ambitions.<ref name=":22">{{Cite book|title=Subtractive Schooling|last=Valenzuela|first=Angela|pages=116–118}}</ref> Major immigrant groups in the United States include Mexicans, Central and South Americans, Cubans, Africans, East Asians, and South Asians.<ref name=":12" />

=== Gender and sexuality minorities ===
{{main|Sexual minority}}
[[File: Helsinki Pride Parade I (5897488480).jpg|thumb|upright=1.1|[[Pride event]]s are held annually around the world for sexual minorities. In picture, people gathering at the [[Senate Square, Helsinki|Senate Square]], [[Helsinki]], right before the [[Helsinki Pride|2011 Helsinki Pride parade]] started.]]
The term sexual minority is frequently used by public health researchers to recognize a wide variety of individuals who engage in same-sex sexual behavior, including those who do not identify under the LGBTQ+ umbrella. For example, men who have sex with men (MSM), but do not identify as gay. In addition, the term gender minorities can include many types of [[Gender variance|gender variant]] people, such as [[intersex]] people, [[Transsexuality|transgender people]], or non-binary individuals. However, the terms sexual and gender minority are often not preferred by LGBTQ+ people, as they represent clinical categories rather than individual identity.<ref name=":6">{{Cite journal|last1=Mayer|first1=Kenneth H.|last2=Bradford|first2=Judith B.|last3=Makadon|first3=Harvey J.|last4=Stall|first4=Ron|last5=Goldhammer|first5=Hilary|last6=Landers|first6=Stewart|title=Sexual and Gender Minority Health: What We Know and What Needs to Be Done|journal=American Journal of Public Health|language=en|volume=98|issue=6|pages=989–995|doi=10.2105/ajph.2007.127811|issn=0090-0036|pmc=2377288|pmid=18445789}}</ref>

Though [[lesbian]], [[gay]], [[Bisexuality|bisexual]], [[transgender]], and [[queer]] (LGBTQ+) people have existed throughout human history, LGBTQ+ rights movements across many western countries led to the recognition of LGBTQ+ people as members of a minority group.<ref name=":6"/> LGBTQ+ people represent a numerical and social minority. They experience numerous social inequalities stemming from their group membership as LGBTQ+ people. These inequalities include social discrimination and isolation, unequal access to healthcare, employment, and housing, and experience negative mental and physical health outcomes due to these experiences.<ref name=":6" />

=== Disabled people ===
{{Unreferenced section}}
Leading up to the [[Human Rights Act 1998]] in the UK, a rise in the awareness relating to how disabled people were being treated began. Many started to believe that they were being denied basic human rights. This act had a section that stated if authorities did not protect people with learning disabilities from others' actions, such as harm or neglect, then they could be prosecuted.<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Clements|first1=Luke|url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt1t8964p|title=Disabled people and European human rights: A review of the implications of the 1998 Human Rights Act for disabled children and adults in the UK|last2=Read|first2=Janet|publisher=Bristol University Press|doi=10.2307/j.ctt1t8964p |jstor=j.ctt1t8964p|s2cid=246084235 |edition=1}}</ref>

The [[disability rights movement]] has contributed to an understanding of disabled people as a minority or a coalition of minorities who are disadvantaged by society, not just as people who are disadvantaged by their impairments. Advocates of disability rights emphasize the difference in physical or psychological functioning rather than inferiority. For example, some [[autistic]] people argue for acceptance of [[neurodiversity]], much as opponents of [[racism]] argue for acceptance of ethnic diversity. The [[deaf community]] is often regarded as a linguistic and cultural minority rather than a group with disabilities, and some [[deaf]] people do not see themselves as having a disability at all. Rather, they are disadvantaged by technologies and social institutions designed to cater to the dominant group. (''See the [[Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities]]''.)

=== Religious minorities ===
{{main|Minority religion}}
People belonging to religious minorities have a faith that is different from that held by the majority. Most countries of the world have religious minorities. It is now widely accepted in the west that people should have the freedom to choose their religion, including not having any religion ([[atheism]] and/or [[agnosticism]]), and including the right to convert from one religion to another. However, in many countries, this freedom is constricted. In [[Egypt]], a new system of identity cards<ref>See "The Situation of the Bahá'í Community of Egypt" and "Religion Today: Bahais' struggle for recognition reveals a less tolerant face of Egypt", [http://www.bahai.org/persecution/egypt/update Bahai.org] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061001140937/http://www.bahai.org/persecution/egypt/update }}, [http://dwb.sacbee.com/24hour/religion/story/3315375p-12212722c.html DWB.sacbee.com] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071014053747/http://dwb.sacbee.com/24hour/religion/story/3315375p-12212722c.html }}</ref> requires all citizens to state their religion—and the only choices are [[Islam]], [[Christianity]], or [[Judaism]] (See [[Egyptian identification card controversy]]). Another example is the case of decreasing population of [[minorities in Pakistan]], where they are being forcefully converted or killed.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/india/article/another-hindu-girl-abducted-forcibly-converted-to-islam-in-pakistans-sindh-family-stages-protest/494399|title=Another Hindu girl abducted, forcibly converted to Islam in Pakistan's Sindh; family stages protest|website=www.timesnownews.com|language=en|access-date=2019-09-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190925100901/https://www.timesnownews.com/india/article/another-hindu-girl-abducted-forcibly-converted-to-islam-in-pakistans-sindh-family-stages-protest/494399|archive-date=2019-09-25|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/hindu-medical-student-found-dead-in-pakistan-hostel-brother-alleges-foul-play/story-GeJuS3xpHigO3IFhBFvvCJ.html|title=Hindu medical student found dead in Pakistan hostel, brother alleges foul play|website=Hindustan Times|language=en|access-date=2019-09-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190925100903/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/hindu-medical-student-found-dead-in-pakistan-hostel-brother-alleges-foul-play/story-GeJuS3xpHigO3IFhBFvvCJ.html|archive-date=2019-09-25|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Women as a disadvantaged group ===
In most societies, numbers of men and women [[sex ratio|are roughly equal]]. Though women are not considered to be a minority,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/minority |website=Merriam-Webster |access-date=6 February 2020|title=Definition of Minority}}</ref> the status of women, as a subordinate group, has led to many social scientists to study them as a disadvantaged group.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Hacker|first=Helen Mayer|year=1951|title=Women as a Minority Group|journal=[[Social Forces]]|volume=30|issue=1|pages=60–69|doi=10.2307/2571742|jstor=2571742}}</ref> Though women's legal rights and status vary widely across countries, women can experience social inequalities, relative to men, in various societies.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Multicultural jurisdictions : cultural differences and women's rights|author=Shachar, Ayelet|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0511040801|location=Cambridge, UK|oclc=56216656}}</ref> Women are sometimes denied access to education and access to the same opportunities as men.<ref>Women, U. N. (2018). Annual Report 2017–2018.</ref>

== Law and government ==
In the politics of some countries, a "minority" is an [[ethnic group]] recognized by law, and having specified rights. Speakers of a legally recognized [[minority language]], for instance, might have the right to education or communication with the government in their mother tongue. Countries with special provisions{{which}} for minorities include [[Canada]], [[China]], [[Ethiopia]], [[Germany]], [[India]], the [[Netherlands]], [[Poland]], [[Romania]], [[Russia]], [[Croatia]], and the [[United Kingdom]].{{citation needed}}

The various minority groups in a country are often not given equal treatment. Some groups are too small or indistinct to obtain minority protections. For example, a member of a particularly small ethnic group might be forced to check "Other" on a checklist of different backgrounds and so might receive fewer privileges than a member of a more defined group.

Many contemporary governments prefer to assume the people they rule all belong to the same nationality rather than separate ones based on ethnicity. The United States asks for [[race (U.S. Census)|race and ethnicity]] on its official census forms, which thus breaks up and organizes its population into sub-groups, primarily racial rather than national. [[Spain]] does not divide its nationals by ethnic group or national minorities, although it does maintain an official notion of minority languages, that is one of the criteria for to determine a national minority, upon the [[Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities]].

Some especially significant or powerful minorities receive comprehensive protection and political representation. For example, the former Yugoslav Republic of [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]] recognizes the three constitutive nations, none of which constitutes a numerical majority (see [[nations of Bosnia and Herzegovina]]). However, other minorities such as [[Romani people|Romani]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://sior.ub.edu/jspui/cris/socialimpact/socialimpact00421|title=Political recognition of Roma People in Spain. [Social Impact]. WORKALÓ. The creation of new occupational patterns for cultural minorities: the Gypsy Case (2001–2004). Framework Programme 5 (FP5)|website=SIOR, Social Impact Open Repository|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170905191302/http://sior.ub.edu/jspui/cris/socialimpact/socialimpact00421|archive-date=2017-09-05|url-status=dead}}</ref> and [[Jews]], are officially labelled "foreign" and are excluded from many of these protections. For example, they may be excluded from political positions, including the presidency.<ref>[http://www.coe.int/t/e/human_rights/minorities/2._framework_convention_(monitoring)/2._monitoring_mechanism/4._opinions_of_the_advisory_committee/1._country_specific_opinions/1._first_cycle/PDF_1st_OP_BiH.pdf Opinion of the Council of Europe's Advisory Committee on the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities, in particular paragraphs 37–43] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070616100431/http://www.coe.int/t/e/human_rights/minorities/2._framework_convention_(monitoring)/2._monitoring_mechanism/4._opinions_of_the_advisory_committee/1._country_specific_opinions/1._first_cycle/PDF_1st_OP_BiH.pdf }}</ref>

There is debate over recognizing minority groups and their privileges. One view<ref>For example, J.A. Lindgren-Alves, member of the United Nations Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination, speaking at the Committee's 67th Session (Summary Record of the 1724th Meeting, 23 August 2005, CERD/C/SR.1724)</ref> is that the application of special rights to minority groups may harm some countries, such as new states in Africa or Latin America not founded on the European [[nation-state]] model, since minority recognition may interfere with establishing a national identity. It may hamper the integration of the minority into mainstream society, perhaps leading to [[separatism]] or [[supremacist|supremacism]]. In [[Canada]], some{{who}} feel that the failure of the dominant [[English language|English]]-speaking majority to integrate [[French Canadians]] has provoked [[Quebec separatism]].

Others assert that minorities require specific protections to ensure that they are not marginalized: for example, [[bilingual education]] may be needed to allow linguistic minorities to fully integrate into the school system and compete equally in society. In this view, rights for minorities strengthen the nation-building project, as members of minorities see their interests well served, and willingly accept the legitimacy of the nation and their integration (not assimilation) within it.<ref>See {{cite book |first=K. |last=Henrard |title=Devising an Adequate System of Minority Protection: Individual Human Rights, Minority Rights and the Right to Self-Determination |publisher=Martinus Nijhoff |year=2000 |pages=218–224 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QFF5nzuAze0C&pg=PA218 |isbn=978-9041113597 |access-date=2017-02-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170228001145/https://books.google.com/books?id=QFF5nzuAze0C&pg=PA218 |archive-date=2017-02-28 |url-status=live }}</ref>

== See also ==
{{Portal|Society}}
{{Div col|colwidth=20em}}
* [[Dominant minority]]
* [[Ethnic minorities in Northern Ireland]]
* [[Ethnic penalty]]
* [[Intangible cultural heritage]]
* [[Interminority racism]]
* [[List of active non-governmental organizations of national minorities, indigenous and diasporas|List of active NGOs of national minorities]]
* [[List of minority political parties]]
* [[Middleman minority]]
* [[Minority influence]]
* [[Minority language]]
* [[Minority (philosophy)]]
* [[Minority religion]]
* [[Minority Rights Group International]]
* [[Model minority]]
* [[Racial Minorities in STEM Fields]]
* [[Serge Moscovici#Minority influence|Serge Moscovici]]
* [[Social exclusion]]
* [[Social stratification]]
* [[Social vulnerability]]
* [[Tokenism]]
{{div col end}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
*[http://www.souz-minor.ru Union of Minority Shareholders]
*[http://www.ecmi.de ECMI – European Centre for Minority Issues]
*[http://ooiiuu.com Minority language tool]
*[http://academic.udayton.edu/race/01race/minor01.htm What is a Minority Group?] definitions from Dayton Law School.
*[http://ambassadors.net/archives/issue19/opinions2.htm From Paris to Cairo: Resistance of the Unacculturated]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20081204090551/http://www.cidcm.umd.edu/mar/ Minorities at Risk project at the University of Maryland]
*[http://www.minelres.lv/index.htm MINELRES – Minority Electronic Resources]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20061020232654/http://www.eurac.edu/index/ European Academy Bozen/Bolzano (EURAC)]
*[http://www.eurominority.eu Eurominority – Stateless and national minorities portal]
*[http://www.minorityrights.org/?lid=990 State of the World's Minorities], an annual report by Minority Rights Group International
*[http://www.apa.org/pi/oema/index.aspx American Psychological Association's Office of Ethnic Minority Affairs]
*[https://www.autonomyexperience.org/en/compendium/ The Protection of Minorities in Europe – Minorities ABC]
{{Ethnicity}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Minority Group}}
[[Category:Voting theory]]
[[Category:Minorities|*]]
[[Category:Human rights]]
[[Category:Disability rights]]
[[Category:Women's rights]]
[[Category:Linguistic rights]]
[[Category:Youth rights]]
[[Category:Majority–minority relations]]