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Amay Ektu Jayga Dao

2026-05-03T06:34:50Z

EloyNoble34: Started New Entry...

{{Short description|1998 song by Manna Dey}}
{{Use American English|date=April 2026}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=April 2026}}
{{Infobox song
| name = Amay Ektu Jayga Dao
| cover = Maa Amar Maa and Amay Ektu Jayga Dao.jpg
| type = song
| artist = [[Manna Dey]]
| album = Maa Amar Maa
| language = [[Bengali language|Bengali]]
| English_title = Please Give Me Some Place to Sit In the Temple of the Goddess
| released = 1998
| studio = Audio One, [[North Kolkata]]
| genre = [[Devotional song]]
| length = 4:54<ref>{{Cite web |title=Amay Ektu Jayga Dao - JioSaavn |url=https://www.jiosaavn.com/song/amay-ektu-jayga-dao-durga-bhajan/HwQkcht8c2A}}</ref>
| label = [[Sony Music India]]
| composer = Mrinal Bandyopadhyay
| lyricist = [[Pulak Bandyopadhyay]]
| producer = Buddhadeb Ganguly
| misc =
}}

"'''Amay Ektu Jayga Dao'''" (Bengali: {{Lang|bn|আমায় একটু জায়গা দাও মায়ের মন্দিরে বসি}})<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ananda |first=A. B. P. |date=2023-06-17 |editor-last=Talukder |editor-first=Ritam |title='আমায় একটু জায়গা দাও, মায়ের মন্দিরে..', রাজ্যপালকে নিয়ে মদন বিবৃতির মানে বোঝালেন শমীক |url=https://bengali.abplive.com/elections/panchayat-election-2023-samik-bhattacharya-sujan-chakraborty-attacks-madan-mitra-after-tmc-leader-s-controversial-statement-on-governor-986189 |access-date=2026-04-27 |website=ABP Ananda |language=bn}}</ref> is a [[Bengali language]] [[devotional song]] by Indian playback singer [[Manna Dey]], written by [[Pulak Bandyopadhyay]] and composed by Mrinal Bandyopadhyay. It is also known by the title "Amay Ektu Jayga Dao Mayer Mondire Bosi", from the [[album]] ''Maa Amar Maa''.<ref>{{Citation |title=Amay Ektu Jayga Dao (Durga Bhajan) - Gaana.com |url=https://gaana.com/song/amay-ektu-jayga-dao-1 |access-date=2026-04-27 |language=en}}</ref>

The song was one of the last [[Pulak Bandyopadhyay#Notable songs|songs written by Pulak Bandyopadhyay]], before he committed [[suicide]] by jumping into the [[Hooghly River]] and ended his musical career.<ref>{{Cite web |last=সোম |first=অরিত্র |title=লঞ্চ থেকে গঙ্গায় ঝাঁপ দিয়ে আত্মহনন; কোন অবসাদ গ্রাস করেছিল পুলক বন্দ্যোপাধ্যায়কে? - Prohor |url=https://www.prohor.in/index.php/pulak-bandyopadhyay-killed-himself-by-drowning-in-ganges |access-date=2026-04-27 |website=লঞ্চ থেকে গঙ্গায় ঝাঁপ দিয়ে আত্মহনন; কোন অবসাদ গ্রাস করেছিল পুলক বন্দ্যোপাধ্যায়কে? - Prohor |language=en}}</ref> "Amay Ektu Jayga Dao" is considered to be the last [[Hit song|historical hit]] of Manna Dey.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=বন্দ্যোপাধ্যায় |first=শুভদীপ |date=2024-05-01 |title=আমায় একটু জায়গা দাও মায়ের মন্দিরে বসি - মান্না দের শেষ হিট, কেমন ছিল এই গান তৈরির গল্প |url=https://www.thewall.in/entertainment/manna-dey-hit-song-and-the-story-behind-it/tid/128459 |access-date=2026-04-27 |website=TheWall |language=bn}}</ref>

Initially given to composer [[Abhijit Banerjee (composer)|Abhijit Banerjee]], the song's music was later handed to Mrinal Bandyopadhyay as Pulak Bandyopadhyay was not satisfied. Mrinal Bandyopadhyay, after composing the music, sang it in Pulak's house. Upon finishing the songs, he did not see Bandyopadhyay in sight and later found him crying while standing in the balcony of his house. It was recorded in "Audio One" studio in [[North Kolkata]] and musically arranged by Buddhadeb Ganguly. Among other [[Shyama Sangeet]] performed by singers [[Pannalal Bhattacharya]] and [[Kumar Sanu]], the song remains consistent.

A music video of Manna Dey singing the song while sitting on the terrace of the [[Dakshineswar Kali Temple|Dakhineswar Kali Temple]] was broadcast by [[Doordarshan]] during the years 1998–1999.

== Overview ==
The song, after being written by [[Pulak Bandyopadhyay]] in 1998, was given to the composer Abhijit Banerjee to compose its music. Banerjee was not able to complete its while composition till the end of the song. Pulak Bandyopadhyay was not satisfied with the music and remarked it as "not coming alive." The song was then given to Mrinal Bandyopadhyay for composition, which was then approved by Pulak Bandyopadhyay.<ref name=":0" />

Mrinal Bandyopadhyay was given the task to compose the first two songs of the album ''Maa Amar Maa'', which were "Amay Ektu Jayga Dao" and "Jakhan Emon Hoy Jibonta Mone Hoy Byartho Aborjona." After he had composed the songs, Mrinal Bandyopadhyay (Banerjee) sang the two songs in Pulak Bandyopadhyay's house while his eyes were closed. Finishing singing the songs, he did not find Bandyopadhyay in the house when he opened his eyes. Mrinal Banerjee thought that he had sung the songs to himself while no one else was in the house. He thought if Bandyopadhyay had not liked the songs, and was sad. Banerjee went to find if Bandyopadhyay was there in the house. He was surprised to find that Bandyopadhyay was standing in the balcony with his back turned towards the door. He saw Pulak Bandyopadhyay crying upon calling him. Bandyopadhyay remarked, "What a music you gave Mrinal! I wanted music just like this." This song and others were first brought up in Manna Dey's house in [[North Kolkata]]. They were recorded in the "Audio One" studio on [[James Long (priest)|James Long]] Street in North [[Kolkata]]. The music was arranged by Buddhadeb Ganguly.<ref name=":0" />

The music video of the song aired on the television channel [[Doordarshan]] during the years 1998 to 1999, by the Gathani Company. It showed Manna Dey singing the song while sitting on the [[Terrace (building)|terrace]] of the [[Dakshineswar Kali Temple|Dakhineswar Kali Temple]].<ref name=":0" /> The [[music video]] was a factor for making the song successful. It was shown several times per day. After Manna Dey died, a [[cover version]] of "Amay Ektu Jayga Dao" was made many times, such as by his [[nephew]] Sudeb Dey and Indian singer [[Kumar Sanu]].<ref name=":0" /> Manna Dey, before singing this song, had never sung [[Devotional song|devotional songs]]. He sang the first two songs of the [[album]] with enthusiasm. He would be requested when at [[Cultural festival (India)|college functions]] to sing "Amay Ektu Jayga Dao Mayer Modnire Bosi." It is considered to be the last eternal hit of [[Music of West Bengal|basic Bengali songs]]. Dey was about eighty years old when he sang the song and others from the album. It is deemed to have the same importance and place as [[Amar sadh na mitilo|Amar Sadh Na Mitilo]] (Asha Na Furilo), another [[Shyama Sangeet]] (devotional song) first sang by [[Pannalal Bhattacharya]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=September 1, 2015 |title=যখন যে ভাষায় গান গেয়েছেন, সেই ভাষা সযত্নে শিখেছেন |url=https://www.anandabazar.com/personality/manna-dey/a-memorabilia-on-manna-dey-saying-debprasad-chakraborty-1.201171 |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20210226212502/https://www.anandabazar.com/personality/manna-dey/a-memorabilia-on-manna-dey-saying-debprasad-chakraborty-1.201171 |archive-date=2021-02-26 |access-date=2026-04-28}}</ref>

[[Abhijit Banerjee (composer)|Abhijit Banerjee]], who the song was first composed by, commented " 'Amay Ektu Jayga Dao' was first composed by me. I left it until the end. After listening to the songs by Manna Dey, I realized that I had composed the song while thinking about Manna Dey. But Mrinal composed the song thinking about '[[Goddess|Maa]]', that's why it became a milestone."<ref name=":0" /> The song is played on microphones{{Efn|"Microphone" here refers to [[horn loudspeaker]]s used to play songs in Bengali [[Puja (Hinduism)|pujas]].}} in [[Bengal|Bengali]] [[Kali Puja]]s, alongside the songs of Kumar Sanu and Pannalal Bhattacharya. He wrote "Amay Ektu Jayga Dao" at a time when he was showed [[boredom]], [[Emotional exhaustion|exhaustion]] and [[despair]]. The [[Song Lyrics|song lines]] "{{Lang|bn|আমি সবার পিছনে থাকব/ শুধু মনে মনে মাকে ডাকব/ কারও কাজে বাধা দিলে/ সাজা দিও যত খুশি}}" convey his feelings. Pulak Bandyopadhyay had finished writing all of the songs of the album ''Maa Amar Maa'' a few months before [[Pulak Bandyopadhyay#Death|he committed suicide by jumping]] into the [[Hooghly River]] from a [[ferry]] on the morning of September 7, 1999.<ref>{{Cite web |last=নস্কর |first=শুভজিত |date=2025-10-20 |title='আমায় একটু জায়গা দাও...' মায়ের গানে লুকিয়েছিল জীবনের চরম অবসাদ - Pulak Banerjee song reflected his last thought |url=https://www.thewall.in/feature/pulak-banerjee-song-reflected-his-last-thought/tid/176480 |access-date=2026-04-28 |website=TheWall |language=bn}}</ref> The song is a Shyama Sangeet, also played sometimes in [[Diwali]]. Deep Maiti, an [[alumnus]] of the [[Jadavpur University]], said to inform him if Manna Dey got a place to sit in the Temple of the Maa{{Efn|"Maa" is a term used in [[Languages of India|Indian languages]], such as Bengali, to refer to a [[goddess]].}} or [[Kali]]. It is one of the most popular songs of Kali Puja in [[West Bengal]].<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2022-10-24 |title=মায়ের মন্দিরে জায়গা পেলেন না মান্না দে! |url=https://www.eimuhurte.com/state/feature-about-manna-dey/ |access-date=2026-04-28 |website=Ei Muhurte |language=en-US}}</ref>

== Notes ==
{{Notelist}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:1998 songs]]
[[Category:1998 singles]]
[[Category:Songs in Bengali]]
[[Category:Indian songs]]
[[Category:Manna Dey songs]]

Giridhar Malaviya

2026-04-25T00:24:22Z

EloyNoble34: New a post

{{Short description|Indian judge (1936–2024)}}
{{Use British English|date = September 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2022}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific_prefix = [[Judge|Justice]] (Retd.)
| office = Chancellor of [[Banaras Hindu University]]
| appointer = [[President of India]]
| nominator = [[Banaras Hindu University]] Court
| office1 = Judge of [[Allahabad High Court]]
| term_start = November 2018
| term_end = 18 November 2024
| term_start1 = 14 March 1988
| term_end1 = 2001
| office2 = Chairperson of [[Ganga Mahasabha]]
| term_start2 = 2012
| term_end2 = 18 November 2024
| birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1936|10|14}}
| birth_place = [[Benares]], [[Benares State]], [[British India]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|2024|11|18|1936|10|14}}
| death_place =
| children = [[Manoj Malaviya]], [[Indian Police Service|IPS]]
| deputy = [[Vice-Chancellor of Banaras Hindu University|VC-BHU]]
{{plainlist|
*[[Sudhir K. Jain]] (2022–2024)
*[[Rakesh Bhatnagar]] (2018–2021)}}
| image = Giridhar Malviya 2014 (3x4 cropped).jpg
| caption = Malaviya in 2014
| predecessor = [[Karan Singh]]
}}

'''Giridhar Malaviya''' (14 November 1936 – 18 November 2024) was an Indian judge of [[Allahabad High Court]] and former [[Chancellor]] of [[Banaras Hindu University]].<ref name="deccanherald">{{Cite web |date=2019-11-21 |title=BHU founder's grandson backs Muslim prof's appointment |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/national/north-and-central/bhu-founders-grandson-backs-muslim-prof-s-appointment-778500.html |access-date=2022-09-14 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi |url=https://www.bhu.ac.in/admin/chancellor.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130803214413/http://www.bhu.ac.in/admin/chancellor.php |url-status=dead |archive-date=3 August 2013 |access-date=2022-09-14 |website=bhu.ac.in}}</ref>

== Background ==
Malaviya was a grandson of [[Madan Mohan Malaviya]] (founder of Banaras Hindu University) and only son of [[Govind Malaviya]] (6th [[Vice-Chancellor of Banaras Hindu University|vice-chancellor of Banaras Hindu University]]). He was born on 14 November 1936 in [[Varanasi]]. Malaviya was a graduate of Political Science & Law from the Banaras Hindu University.<ref name="deccanherald"/><ref name="allahabadhighcourt">{{Cite web |title=Hon'ble Mr. Hon'ble Mr. Malaviya Giridhar |url=https://www.allahabadhighcourt.in/Judges/ex-judges/GMalaviya.htm |access-date=2022-09-14 |publisher=Allahabad High Court}}</ref>

Giridhar Malaviya's son [[Manoj Malaviya]] is an [[Indian Police Service]] officer, who served as [[Director general of police|Director General of Police]] of [[West Bengal Police]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Das |first=Madhuparna |date=2021-09-01 |title=Modi proposer's son is acting DGP of Bengal amid tussle between Mamata & Centre over appointment |url=https://theprint.in/india/west-bengal-gets-new-acting-dgp-amid-stalemate-between-mamata-modi-govt-over-appointment/725784/ |access-date=2022-09-14 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US}}</ref>

Malaviya died on 18 November 2024, at the age of 88.<ref>{{Cite news |date=18 November 2024 |title=Indian judge Giridhar Malaviya dead at 88 |url=https://www.bhaskar.com/local/uttar-pradesh/prayagraj/news/justice-giridhar-malviya-passed-away-wave-of-mourning-133978437.html |access-date=18 November 2024}}</ref>

== Career ==
Giridhar Malaviya was appointed a judge of [[Allahabad High Court]] on 14 March 1988.<ref name="allahabadhighcourt"/> After retirement, in November 2018, he was elected unanimously as the chancellor of Banaras Hindu University by the University Court.<ref>{{Cite web |title=न्यायमूर्ति गिरिधर मालवीय बने बीएचयू के कुलाधिपति, विवि कोर्ट की बैठक में लिया गया फैसला |url=https://www.amarujala.com/uttar-pradesh/varanasi/justice-girdhar-malviya-became-chancellor-of-bhu |access-date=2022-09-14 |website=Amar Ujala |language=hi}}</ref>

Malaviya was one of the proposers of [[Narendra Modi]] for his candidacy from [[Varanasi Lok Sabha constituency|Varanasi constituency]] in the [[2014 Lok Sabha Elections]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-04-24 |title=Modi files nomination in Varanasi, invokes 'Maa Ganga' |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/modi-files-nomination-in-varanasi-invokes-maa-ganga/story-UVRnxWGsliAI8SoJU4NIyM.html |access-date=2022-09-14 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref>

Malaviya was actively engaged in [[National Mission for Clean Ganga|Ganga cleaning mission]]. He was the chairperson of the committee constituted to prepare a draft of Ganga Act.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Committee Constituted to Prepare Draft Ganga Act Submits its Report Uma Bharti Calls it a Historic Day |url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1487647 |access-date=2022-09-14 |website=[[Press Information Bureau]]}}</ref> He was also the chairperson of [[Ganga Mahasabha]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-11-27 |title=Retired HC judge nominated for post of BHU chancellor |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/lucknow/retired-hc-judge-nominated-for-post-of-bhu-chancellor-5466172/ |access-date=2022-09-14 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Banaras Hindu University|state=expanded}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Malaviya, Giridhar}}
[[Category:1936 births]]
[[Category:2024 deaths]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian judges]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian judges]]
[[Category:Academic staff of Banaras Hindu University]]
[[Category:People from Varanasi]]

Ashwini Jagtap

2026-04-24T02:33:05Z

EloyNoble34:

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| office = Member of [[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly]]
| constituency = [[Chinchwad Assembly constituency|Chinchwad ]]
| term_start = 2023
| term_end = 2024
| profession = Politician
| predecessor = [[Laxman Pandurang Jagtap|Laxman Jagtap]]
| successor = [[Shankar Jagtap]]
|spouse = [[Laxman Pandurang Jagtap|Laxman Jagtap]]
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|relatives= [[Shankar Jagtap]] (Brother-in-law)<ref name="BJP MLA Ashwini Jagtap denies reports of joining NCP (SP)">{{cite news |last1=Hindustantimes |title=BJP MLA Ashwini Jagtap denies reports of joining NCP (SP) |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/pune-news/bjp-mla-ashwini-jagtap-denies-reports-of-joining-ncp-sp-101726766659759.html |access-date=4 December 2024 |date=19 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241204111041/https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/pune-news/bjp-mla-ashwini-jagtap-denies-reports-of-joining-ncp-sp-101726766659759.html |archive-date=4 December 2024}}</ref>
| image =
}}
'''Ashwini Laxmanrao Jagtap''' is an Indian politician and widow of [[Laxman Pandurang Jagtap]] who will serve as Member of [[14th Maharashtra Legislative Assembly]] from [[Chinchwad Assembly constituency]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Deshpande |first=Shrinivas |date=2023-03-03 |title=BJP retains Chinchwad seat, Ashwini Jagtap wins by 36,168 votes |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/pune-news/bjp-retains-chinchwad-seat-ashwini-jagtap-wins-by-36-168-votes-101677785579182.html |access-date=2023-03-08 |website=[[Hindustan Times]] |language=en}}</ref> She is first woman MLA from [[Chinchwad Assembly constituency]].<ref name="Ashwini Jagtap elected first woman MLA of Pimpri-Chinchwad, Kalate plays spoilsport for Kate">{{cite news |last1=The Indian Express |title=Ashwini Jagtap elected first woman MLA of Pimpri-Chinchwad, Kalate plays spoilsport for Kate |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/pune/ashwini-jagtap-first-woman-mla-pimpri-chinchwad-kalate-plays-spoilsport-kate-8476080/ |access-date=4 December 2024 |date=2 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241204110948/https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/pune/ashwini-jagtap-first-woman-mla-pimpri-chinchwad-kalate-plays-spoilsport-kate-8476080/ |archive-date=4 December 2024 |language=en}}</ref>

== Personal life ==
She hails from [[Satara district]]. She is daughter of a retired police officer. She is widow of [[Laxman Pandurang Jagtap]]. She got education up to 10th standard from [[Huzurpaga]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dabholkar |first=Pravin |title=चिंचवडच्या आमदार अश्विनी जगताप यांच्या शिक्षणाबद्दल तुम्हाला माहिती आहे का? |url=https://maharashtratimes.com/career/career-news/chinchwad-bjp-mla-ashwini-jagtap-education-details/articleshow/98360394.cms |access-date=2023-03-09 |website=[[Maharashtra Times]] |language=mr}}</ref>

== References ==
<references />

{{DEFAULTSORT:Jagtap, Ashwini}}
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Maharashtra MLAs 2019–2024]]
[[Category:People from Pimpri-Chinchwad]]

{{Maharashtra-BJP-politician-stub}}

Tajamul Ali Laskar

2026-04-21T23:15:43Z

EloyNoble34: added biography

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2025}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Tajamul Ali Laskar
| image =
| birth_date =
| death_date =
| birth_place =
| alma_mater =
| death_place =
| office = Member of the [[Assam Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start = 1967
| term_end = 1972
| predecessor = [[Gourishankar Roy]]
| successor = [[Santosh Kumar Roy (Assam politician)|Santosh Kumar Roy]]
| constituency = [[Katlicherra Assembly constituency|Katlicherra]]
| term_start1 = 1983
| term_end1 = 1985
| predecessor1 = [[Gourishankar Roy]]
| successor1 = [[Gautam Roy]]
| constituency1 = [[Katlicherra Assembly constituency|Katlicherra]]
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]
| children =
| source =
}}

'''Tajamul Ali Laskar''' is an Indian politician and former lawmaker. He was elected to the [[Assam Legislative Assembly]] from [[Katlicherra Assembly constituency|Katlicherra constituency]] in the [[1967 Assam Legislative Assembly election|1967]] and [[1983 Assam Legislative Assembly election]] as an Independent candidate.<ref name="AssamECI1951">{{cite web | url=https://www.elections.in/assam/assembly-constituencies/1967-election-results.html | title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1967: To the Legislative Assembly of Assam | publisher=Election Commission of India | access-date=2020-03-28}}</ref><ref name="Assam Legislative Assembly - MLA 1967-72">{{cite web | url=http://assamassembly.gov.in/mla-1967-72.html | title=Assam Legislative Assembly - MLA 1967-72 | publisher=Assam Legislative Assembly | date=2016 | access-date=27 May 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.eci.gov.in/files/file/3998-assam-1983/ |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1983 to the Legislative Assembly of Assam |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=10 February 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://assamassembly.gov.in/mla-1983-85.html|title=Assam Legislative Assembly – MLA 1983–85|accessdate=13 September 2019|website=Assam Legislative Assembly
}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.elections.in/assam/assembly-constituencies/1983-election-results.html|title=Assam Assembly Election Results in 1983|accessdate=13 September 2019|website=www.elections.in
}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Laskar, Tajamul Ali}}
[[Category:Assam MLAs 1967–1972]]
[[Category:Assam MLAs 1983–1985]]
[[Category:Independent politicians in India]]
[[Category:People from Hailakandi district]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

{{Assam-politician-stub}}

Amita Dhanda

2026-04-17T08:44:59Z

EloyNoble34: Started A Stub...

{{Short description|Law professor}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2016}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Amita Dhanda
| image =
| image_size =
| caption =
| birth_date =
| birth_place =
| death_date =
| death_place =
| occupation = Professor and Academician

}}
'''Amita Dhanda''' is an Indian academic, activist, and Professor Emerita (formerly professor of law) at [[NALSAR University of Law]], Hyderabad. She was appointed one of the fourteen members of the [[National Advisory Council]] for the implementation of the [[RTE act|RTE Act]] in 2010. She is on the [http://tnnls.in/academic_council.php Academic Council] of [[Tamil Nadu National Law School]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/HRD-panel-to-oversee-RTE-rollout/articleshow/6091867.cms|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110811080126/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-06-26/india/28286868_1_hrd-ministry-teacher-education-rte-act|url-status=live|archive-date=2011-08-11|work=[[The Times of India]]|title=HRD panel to oversee RTE rollout}}</ref> She started her career as a researcher at the Indian Law Institute, Delhi, and became a full-time Professor at [[Nalsar University of Law|NALSAR]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.nalsar.ac.in/amita-dhanda|title=Amita Dhanda {{!}} NALSAR UNIVERSITY OF LAW|website=www.nalsar.ac.in|access-date=25 November 2017}}</ref> She has contributed to the research of mental health and disability studies in India and is the head of the Centre for Disability Studies at NALSAR. Amita Dhanda identifies as a feminist<ref name=":0" /> and has written several papers based in gender. She has written three books, and is a guest writer for [https://kafila.online/ ''Kafila''] and a few other online news magazines and national daily newspapers. She carries out Interpretation Of Statutes.

==Early life==
Amita Dhanda pursued LLM and then completed her PhD from [[Delhi]]. In 1984, she started as a researcher in [[Indian Law Institute|Indian Institute of Law]], Delhi. [[P. N. Bhagwati|Justice Bhagwati]], who was then [[Chief Justice of India]] decided to have her clerk for him based on her capabilities. She worked at the Institute for 15 years, that is from 1984 till 1999. She learned how to write, research, edit and teach with the assistance of renowned scholars. In her time with the Institute, she did hands on research on the mental health of prisoners in [[West Bengal]] and also suggested amendments to the [https://web.archive.org/web/20171215080517/http://newsonair.nic.in/PWD_Act.pdf Disability Act of 1995].<ref name=":0" /> From 1999, she joined as a full-time professor in [[Nalsar University of Law|NALSAR]], where she teaches Administrative Law, Law and Poverty, Law and Literature and Judicial Process.<ref name=":0" />

==Career==
Amita Dhanda teaches legal theory, law and poverty, and sexually disoriented courses on pedagogy and inclusion. Dhanda became a professor of law and dean (academic) at [[National Academy of Legal Studies and Research]] (NALSAR) at Hyderabad after a five-year stint as a research faculty at the Indian Law Institute, Delhi. At NALSAR, she is head of the Centre for Disability Studies. She has written extensively on the legal position of persons with mental disability.<ref name="Motilal2011">{{cite book|author=Shashi Motilal|title=Applied Ethics and Human Rights: Conceptual Analysis and Contextual Applications|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5SrZfJDgRC4C&pg=PA201|date=1 October 2011|publisher=Anthem Press|isbn=978-0-85728-849-3|pages=201–}}</ref><ref name="Davar1999">{{cite book|author=Bhargavi V Davar|title=Mental Health of Indian Women: A Feminist Agenda|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fvzaAAAAMAAJ|date=15 March 1999|publisher=SAGE Publications|isbn=978-0-7619-9300-1}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.frontline.in/cover-story/for-a-rightsbased-approach/article9050228.ece|title=For a rights-based approach|date=31 August 2016|accessdate=25 March 2017}}</ref><ref name="Menon2011">{{cite news |id={{ProQuest|875698888}} |last1=Menon |first1=Amarnath K |title=Top Law Colleges of 2011: Star faculty, committed students and coveted internships make NALSAR this year's legal eagle |work=India Today |location=New Delhi |date=18 July 2011 }}</ref> ''Legal Order and Mental Disorder'' (published in 2000), Dhanda's book on the legal status of persons with mental illness is a pioneering effort in the field.<ref name="Weller2013">{{cite book|author=Penelope Weller|title=New Law and Ethics in Mental Health Advance Directives: The Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and the Right to Choose|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YksY4GlrknsC&pg=PA35|year=2013|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-0-415-53294-5|pages=35–}}</ref> She is also the Author of ''[https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/16793091-decolonisation-of-legal-knowledge Decolonisation of Legal Knowledge] and [https://books.google.com/books?id=UnYERAAACAAJ Engendering Law: Essays in Honor of Latika Sarkar].'' She has also edited N S Bindra's ''[https://www.amazon.in/N-S-Bindras-Interpretation-Statutes/dp/9350358611/ref=sr_1_1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1511590960&sr=1-1&refinements=p_27%3AAmita+Dhanda Interpretation of Statutes].''

Dhanda was involved in the negotiations of the [[United Nations|UN]] Ad Hoc Committee that drafted the [[United Nations|UN]] Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities adopted in December 2006.<ref>{{cite news |id={{ProQuest|428422458}} |last1=Umachandran |first1=Shalini |title=He helps transform those with mental disabilities |work=The Times of India |location=New Delhi |date=30 November 2008 }}</ref> In 2011, she was a leader of a committee set up by the Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment of the Government of India for drafting a law on the rights of people with disabilities. Dhanda is assisting the Government of Gujarat in formulating a rights sensitive mental health law. Her research expertise has been drawn upon by international and national institutions such as the [[World Health Organization|WHO]]. She is also activist for patients rights,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sptimes.com/2002/10/30/Worldandnation/India_s_place_for_hea.shtml|title=Worldandnation: India's place for healing}}</ref> particularly in attempting to give agency and protections to the mentally ill, as well as to protect women who are divorced on the basis of "mental illness".<ref>{{cite news |id={{ProQuest|760072324}} |last1=Minwalla |first1=Shabnam |title=Thousands of wives are discarded on unfounded grounds of mental illness |work=The Times of India |location=Mumbai |date=9 May 2001 |page=3 }}</ref> Dhanda's research has been referred to by premier institutions, both nationally and internationally, such as [[World Health Organization|WHO]], [[UNICEF]], [[National Human Rights Commission of India|NHRC]], [[National Commission for Women|NCW]], [[National Institute of Mental Health|NIMH]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nalsar.ac.in/faculty/AmitaDhanda-profile.html|title=Amita Profile|website=www.nalsar.ac.in|access-date=25 November 2017}}</ref> She is also a [https://scroll.in/author/10630 contributing writer] for ''Scroll'', an online political and cultural news magazine. She has also written several articles for [https://www.thehindu.com/profile/author/AMITA-DHANDA/ ''The Hindu''] as well, a renowned national daily. The other online magazines and National Dailies she has written for include ''[http://www.frontline.in/cover-story/for-a-rightsbased-approach/article9050228.ece Frontline]'', ''Kafila'' and [https://web.archive.org/web/20170507154744/http://www.newindianexpress.com/author/Amita-Dhanda ''Indian Express.'']

Dhanda is{{When|date=March 2025}} engaged in research work in mental health, child rights, disability and environment.

==Sexual harassment case==
Professor Dhanda accused NALSAR Vice Chancellor Veer Singh of sexual harassment in 2011.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/Nalsar-VC-prof-war-ends-in-sexual-harassment-row/articleshow/11274736.cms|title=Nalsar VC, prof war ends in sexual harassment row – Times of India|website=[[The Times of India]] }}</ref> She claimed that the Vice Chancellor sent her a mail on 22 December which contained a sexual innuendo; the Vice Chancellor denied this and said that he would file for defamation against Dhanda,<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/Nalsar-VC-prof-war-ends-in-sexual-harassment-row/articleshow/11274736.cms|title=Nalsar VC, prof war ends in sexual harassment row – Times of India|work=The Times of India|access-date=25 November 2017}}</ref> but did not. A committee later examined and dismissed the allegations.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.legallyindia.com/201204172748/Law-schools/committee-absolves-ex-nalsar-vc-veer-singh-of-dhanda-sexual-harassment|title=Committee absolves ex-Nalsar VC Veer Singh of Dhanda sexual harassment|first=Prachi|last=Shrivastava}}</ref>

==Books==
*eds. Baxi, Upendra. Dhanda, Amita. ''Valiant victims and lethal litigation: the Bhopal case''. NM Tripathi, 1990.
*Dhanda, Amita. ''Engendering Law: Essays in Honor of Latika Sarkar''. Eastern Book Company, 1999.
*Dhanda, Amita. ''Legal order and mental disorder''. SAGE Publications Pvt. Limited, 2000.
*Dhanda, Amita. ''Decolonising of Legal Knowledge''. Taylor and Francis, 2009.
*Bindra, N S. Dhandha, Amita. ''Interpretation of the Law of Statutes.'' LexisNexis, 2017.

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://nalsar.ac.in/faculty/AmitaDhanda-profile.html Profile]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Dhanda, Amita}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Academic staff of NALSAR University of Law]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian lawyers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian women lawyers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian lawyers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian women lawyers]]

Mazgaon Assembly constituency

2026-04-15T23:24:56Z

EloyNoble34: made a entry nd citations

{{Short description|Former constituency of the Maharashtra legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2018}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Mazgaon
| type = SLA
| map_image =
| map_caption =
| map_alt =
| state = [[Maharashtra]]
| district =
| division =
| loksabha_cons = [[Mumbai South Central Lok Sabha constituency|Mumbai South Central]]
| constituency_no =
| established = 1955
| reservation =
| abolished = 2008
| electors =
}}
'''Mazgaon''' was one of the constituencies of [[Maharashtra Vidhan Sabha]], in [[India]]. It was a segment of the [[Mumbai South Central Lok Sabha constituency]]. Mazgaon seat's last election was in 2004 and it was defunct from 2009.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ceo.maharashtra.gov.in/acs.php |title=District wise List of Assembly and Parliamentary Constituencies |publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Maharashtra website |accessdate=12 October 2017 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090225084439/http://ceo.maharashtra.gov.in/acs.php |archivedate=25 February 2009 }}</ref>

==Members of Vidhan Sabha==
{|class=wikitable
! Year
! Member<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mazgaon Assembly Constituency Election Result - Legislative Assembly Constituency |url=https://resultuniversity.com/election/mazgaon-maharashtra-assembly-constituency |access-date= |website=resultuniversity.com}}</ref>
! colspan="2"| Party
|-
| [[1957 Bombay State Legislative Assembly election|1957]] || Anande Deorao Laxman || {{Full party name with color|Independent politician}}
|-
| [[1962 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1962]] || rowspan=2 | Vithal Krishnaji Torasakar || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=3}}
|-
| [[1967 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
|-
| [[1972 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1972]] || Toraskar Krishnaji
|-
| [[1978 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1978]] || Kamat Dinanath Gajanan || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}
|-
| [[1980 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1980]] || Atmaram Tukaram Bhosale Alias Bhai Bhosale || style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress (I)}}" |
| [[Indian National Congress (I)]]
|-
| [[1985 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1985]] || rowspan=2 | [[Chhagan Bhujbal]] || {{Full party name with color|Independent politician}}
|-
| [[1990 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1990]] || {{Full party name with color|Shiv Sena|rowspan=4}}
|-
| [[1995 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1995]] || rowspan=3 | [[Bala Nandgaonkar]]
|-
| [[1999 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1999]]
|-
| [[2004 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2004]]
|}

==Election results==
===Assembly Election 2004===
{{Election box begin|title = [[2004 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Mazgaon}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=[[Bala Nandgaonkar]] |party=Shiv Sena |votes = 27,684 |percentage = 42.91% |change={{decrease}}6.09 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=[[Pankaj Bhujbal]] |party=Nationalist Congress Party |votes = 26,212 |percentage = 40.63% |change={{increase}}19.86 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Parasbhai Porwal |party=Samajwadi Party |votes = 7,888 |percentage = 12.23% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Ghagare Narayan Sakharam |party=Communist Party of India |votes = 1,074 |percentage = 1.66% |change={{decrease}}4.89 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 1,472 |percentage = 2.28% |change= {{decrease}}25.95 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 64,513 |percentage = 55.85% |change= {{increase}}11.86 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 64,510}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,15,505|ref = |change= {{decrease}}9.80 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Shiv Sena |loser = Shiv Sena |swing= {{decrease}}6.09 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1999===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1999 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Mazgaon<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1999 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1999/StatisticalReport-MH99.pdf|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117044316/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1999/StatisticalReport-MH99.pdf|archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=[[Bala Nandgaonkar]] |party=Shiv Sena |votes = 27,605 |percentage = 49.00% |change={{decrease}}4.03 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Sunita Subhash Shinde |party=Nationalist Congress Party |votes = 11,701 |percentage = 20.77% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Murai Rambachan Sitaram |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 11,435 |percentage = 20.30% |change={{decrease}}17.14 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Ghagare Narayan Sakharam |party=Communist Party of India |votes = 3,690 |percentage = 6.55% |change={{decrease}}2.09 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=M. Gunashegar Murgan |party=Independent politician |votes = 572 |percentage = 1.02% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Shaikh Abdul Karim Usman |party=Independent politician |votes = 461 |percentage = 0.82% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Vinay Anant Gaikawad |party=Janata Dal (United) |votes = 379 |percentage = 0.67% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 15,904 |percentage = 28.23% |change= {{increase}}12.63 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 56,334 |percentage = 43.99% |change= {{decrease}}20.43 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 56,334}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,28,058|ref = |change= {{increase}}4.85 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Shiv Sena |loser = Shiv Sena |swing= {{decrease}}4.03 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1995===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1995 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Mazgaon<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1995 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1995/StatisticalReport-MH95.pdf|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117121534/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1995/StatisticalReport-MH95.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=[[Bala Nandgaonkar]] |party=Shiv Sena |votes = 41,729 |percentage = 53.04% |change={{increase}}2.24 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=[[Chhagan Bhujbal]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 29,454 |percentage = 37.43% |change={{decrease}}4.18 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Ghagare Narayan Sakharam |party=Communist Party of India |votes = 6,799 |percentage = 8.64% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 12,275 |percentage = 15.60% |change= {{increase}}6.42 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 80,016 |percentage = 65.51% |change= {{increase}}8.04 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 78,682}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,22,138|ref = |change= {{decrease}}4.91 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Shiv Sena |loser = Shiv Sena |swing= {{increase}}2.24 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1990===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1990 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Mazgaon<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1990 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1990/StatRep_MT_90.pdf |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117080722/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1990/StatRep_MT_90.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=[[Chhagan Bhujbal]] |party=Shiv Sena |votes = 36,790 |percentage = 50.80% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Eknath (Bhai) Bandal |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 30,141 |percentage = 41.62% |change={{increase}}15.47 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Borade Tukaram Sakharam |party=Janata Dal |votes = 5,004 |percentage = 6.91% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 6,649 |percentage = 9.18% |change= {{increase}}7.25 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 73,308 |percentage = 57.07% |change= {{increase}}2.53 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 72,424}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,28,448|ref = |change= {{increase}}10.76 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Shiv Sena |loser = Independent politician |swing= {{increase}}21.16 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1985===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1985 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Mazgaon<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1985 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/Statistical%20Report%20Maharashtra%201985.pdf |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117075119/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/Statistical%20Report%20Maharashtra%201985.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=[[Chhagan Bhujbal]] |party=Independent politician |votes = 18,510 |percentage = 29.64% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=T. S. Borade |party=Independent politician |votes = 17,307 |percentage = 27.71% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Atmaram Tukaram Bhosale Alias Bhai Bhosale |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 16,329 |percentage = 26.15% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Chandrakant Narayan Jagtap |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 9,869 |percentage = 15.80% |change={{decrease}}7.76 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 1,203 |percentage = 1.93% |change= {{decrease}}17.72 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 63,284 |percentage = 54.57% |change= {{increase}}8.83 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 62,447}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,15,965|ref = |change= {{increase}}16.72 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Independent politician |loser = Indian National Congress (I) |swing= {{decrease}}13.57 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1980===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1980 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Mazgaon<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1980 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1980/Statistical%20Report%201980%20Maharashtra.pdf |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117083555/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1980/Statistical%20Report%201980%20Maharashtra.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Atmaram Tukaram Bhosale Alias Bhai Bhosale |party=Indian National Congress (I) |votes = 19,327 |percentage = 43.21% |change={{increase}}30.12 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Chandrakant Narayan Jagtap |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 10,539 |percentage = 23.56% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Bhosale Ravindra Laxman |party=Indian National Congress (U) |votes = 8,355 |percentage = 18.68% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Manjrekar Vilas Shankar |party=Janata Party |votes = 6,508 |percentage = 14.55% |change={{decrease}}32.58 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 8,788 |percentage = 19.65% |change= {{decrease}}7.61 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 45,276 |percentage = 45.57% |change= {{decrease}}19.77 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 44,729}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 99,349|ref = |change= {{increase}}0.71 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Indian National Congress (I) |loser = Janata Party |swing= {{decrease}}3.92 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1978===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1978 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Mazgaon<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1978 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/Statistical%20Report%201978%20Maharashtra.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170629182050/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/Statistical%20Report%201978%20Maharashtra.pdf|archive-date=29 June 2017|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Kamat Dinanath Gajanan |party=Janata Party |votes = 30,120 |percentage = 47.13% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Bhosale Atmaram Tukaram |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 12,698 |percentage = 19.87% |change={{decrease}}44.98 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Padaval Harishchandra Pandurang |party=Shiv Sena |votes = 12,192 |percentage = 19.08% |change={{increase}}4.35 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Bhapse Bahurao |party=Indian National Congress (I) |votes = 8,367 |percentage = 13.09% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Chavan Tatoba Yallappa |party=Independent politician |votes = 456 |percentage = 0.71% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 17,422 |percentage = 27.26% |change= {{decrease}}22.87 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 64,850 |percentage = 65.74% |change= {{increase}}6.91 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 63,913}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 98,645|ref = |change= {{increase}}22.25 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Janata Party |loser = Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}17.72 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1972===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1972 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Mazgaon<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1967 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatReport_MT_72.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170519183024/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatReport_MT_72.pdf|archive-date=19 May 2017|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Toraskar Krishnaji |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 30,290 |percentage = 64.85% |change={{increase}}20.00 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Bhai Shingre |party=Shiv Sena |votes = 6,876 |percentage = 14.72% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Mohandas Thakurdas |party=Indian National Congress (Organisation) |votes = 6,572 |percentage = 14.07% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Pawar Damodar Bechar |party=Republican Party of India |votes = 1,873 |percentage = 4.01% |change={{decrease}}19.02 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Malwe Nawnath Dadu |party=Independent politician |votes = 1,097 |percentage = 2.35% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 23,414 |percentage = 50.13% |change= {{increase}}28.31 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 47,769 |percentage = 59.20% |change= {{decrease}}4.85 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 46,708}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 80,692|ref = |change= {{increase}}8.62 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Indian National Congress |swing= {{increase}}20.00 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1967===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1967 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Mazgaon<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1967 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=https://www.eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Maharashtra%201967.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180926233227/https://www.eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Maharashtra%201967.pdf|archive-date=26 September 2018|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Vithal Krishnaji Torasakar |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 20,903 |percentage = 44.85% |change={{decrease}}2.51 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=R. G. Kharat |party=Republican Party of India |votes = 10,734 |percentage = 23.03% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=L. B. Melville |party=Independent politician |votes = 9,658 |percentage = 20.72% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=M. L. Parulekar |party=Swatantra Party |votes = 2,612 |percentage = 5.60% |change={{decrease}}11.98 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=N. Y. Tambe |party=Independent politician |votes = 1,825 |percentage = 3.92% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=H. M. Ratkav |party=Independent politician |votes = 397 |percentage = 0.85% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 10,169 |percentage = 21.82% |change= {{increase}}4.01 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 49,233 |percentage = 66.27% |change= {{increase}}3.54 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 46,604}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 74,289|ref = |change= {{increase}}5.95 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}2.51 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1962===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1962 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Mazgaon<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1962 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Maharastra_1962.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120117085627/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Maharastra_1962.pdf|archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Vithal Krishnaji Torasakar |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 19,654 |percentage = 47.36% |change={{increase}}7.84 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Ramchandr Krishnaji Bhogale |party=Communist Party of India |votes = 12,263 |percentage = 29.55% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Keshao Babu Mohite |party=Swatantra Party |votes = 7,297 |percentage = 17.58% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Marutirao Bhaurao Avate |party=Bharatiya Jana Sangh |votes = 2,287 |percentage = 5.51% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 7,391 |percentage = 17.81% |change= {{decrease}}3.15 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 43,028 |percentage = 61.37% |change= {{decrease}}4.32 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 41,501}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 70,114|ref = |change= {{increase}}17.50 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Independent politician |swing= {{decrease}}13.12 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1957===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1957 Bombay State Legislative Assembly election]] : Mazgaon<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1957 to the Legislative Assembly of Bombay |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_Bombay_1957.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114093455/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_Bombay_1957.pdf|archive-date=14 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Anande Deorao Laxman |party=Independent politician |votes = 22,920 |percentage = 60.48% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Borkar Keshav Laxman |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 14,978 |percentage = 39.52% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 7,942 |percentage = 20.96% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 37,898 |percentage = 63.51% |change= }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 37,898}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 59,669|ref = |change= }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner = Independent politician |loser = |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[List of constituencies of Maharashtra Legislative Assembly]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Vidhan Sabha constituencies of Maharashtra}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mazgaon Assembly constituency}}
[[Category:Mumbai City district]]
[[Category:Former assembly constituencies of Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Politics of Mumbai]]
[[Category:Constituencies disestablished in 2008]]
[[Category:2008 disestablishments in India]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1962]]
[[Category:1962 establishments in Maharashtra]]

S. R. D. Vaidyanathan

2026-04-14T22:28:50Z

EloyNoble34: New info.

{{One source|date=December 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2020}}
{{Infobox musical artist
| name = SRD Vaidyanathan
| image = SRDV.png
| image_size =
| birth_place =
| birth_date = {{birth date|1929|03|15|df=y}}
| death_date = {{death date and age|2013|11|18|1929|03|15|df=y}}
| origin = [[Mayiladuthurai]], [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]]
| genre = [[Carnatic music]]
| label =
}}

'''SRD Vaidyanathan''' (Tamil: SRD.வைத்தியநாதன்; 15 March 1929 − 18 November 2013)<ref>[http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/nagaswaram-exponent-dies/article5366271.ece Nagaswaram Exponent Dies]</ref> was an Indian musician who played the Nadaswaram.

==Early life and background==
S. R. D. Vaidyanathan was born in [[Mayiladuthurai]], [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]]. He belonged to a popular musician family of Semponar koil. His grandfather Ramasamy Pillai’s Nagaswaram performance was recorded by His Master’s Voice and his father Dakshina Murthy also made a record for the Colombia company.

He was trained by Thiru Mayavaram Ramiah Pillai and learnt vocal music from Thiru Vizhundur. A.K. Ganesa pillai and Madurai Mani Iyer.

==Career==
He was appointed and recognized as Adheena Vidwan by Dharmapuram Adheenam, [[Thiruvaduthurai Adheenam]] and [[Thiruppanandal Adheenam|Thirupanandal Adheenam]]. He has also worked as Reader in Nagaswaram in [[Annamalai University]] (Chidambaram) and Retd. Reader in Nagawasram Tamil Isai Sangam, Raja Annamalai Mandram, Chennai.

He has performed in Singapore, Thailand, Sri-Lanka and other countries. Many concerts were relayed by [[All India Radio]] (AIR) stations and he was the top grade Vidwan list and acted as a member in Audio-visual Board of AIR. He has 60 years of experience in this profession. His special feature on RAKTHI MELAM encompasses intricacies of laya.{{Citation needed|date=April 2026}}

==Death==

Vaidyanathan died on 18 November 2013 at the age of 84.

==Awards and titles==
* 'Nadha Prathibimbam' by Sri.Shunmuganandha Sabha, New Delhi, 1957.
* 'Kalaimamani' award of Tamil Nadu Government in 1981 by Puratchi thalaivar Dr. [[M. G. Ramachandran]]
* 'Rajarathna' award of Muthamil Peravai in 1987 given by Dr. Kalaingar [[M. Karunanidhi]]
* 'Bharath Kalachar' awarded by Century Memorial Prize.
* TTK award by the Music academy, Chennai, 2004
* Director K. Subramaniam Birth centenary award for excellence was presented by Sri Ram Mohan Rao. His excellency Governor of Tamil Nadu on 10 September 2004.
* 'Kala Rathan' award given by Rasika Ranjani Sabha, Mylapore, Chennai in 2004 at the Music Festival.
* 'Sangeetha Choodamani' award given by Krishna Gana sabha, Chennai 2006
* 'Natha Kalamani' award given by T.P.S Trust Naratha Gana sabha, 2006
* 'Sangeet Natak Academy' award (PURASKAR) given by Srimathi [[Pratibha Patil]], President of India at a special ceremony at the Rastrapathi Bhawan with a citation and pursue money on 2008 for my contribution in the field of Carnatic Instrumental music Nagaswaram.
* Dr. [[A. P. J. Abdul Kalam]] former President of India presented the cash award and citation under the auspious of Narada Gana Sabha Chennai on 2008 for the Nagaswaram exponent.
* Anbu Palam Sadaniyar Sangama Independence Day Diamond Jubilee committee presented a Gold medal, citation etc. for the Nagaswaram Instrumental Music on 2008 at the University Centenary Hall, Chennai by Thiyagi Gurusamy Naidu(100) on octogenarian and freedom fighter.
* 'Isai Perarunjar' award given by the Tamil Isai Sangam at Raja Annamalai Mandram, Chennai on the occasion of their 66th Annual Music conference held on 2008.

==Special performances==
* He has given a special performance in the Presence of President Dr.Radhakrishanan at The Rastrapathy Bhavan, New Delhi.
* He has performed RAKTHI MELAM in the presence of many Vidwans at Raja Annamalai Hall and awarded cash prize.
* A demonstration of Avadhana Pallavi was rendered with the accomplishment of Violin and Mugansingh using two typed of Tala at the same time. This was done at Doordarshan Kendra.
* Again demonstration was performed using two legs and two hands for tala and playing Nagaswaram, at the same time Pallavi swaram and Ragamaliga was performed.
* Rakthi Melam is his traditional specialty, inheritable property and we preserve this for the past five generations.

== References ==

{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [[Sanjay Subrahmanyan]]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080609110106/http://www.hindu.com/fr/2008/06/06/stories/2008060650980100.htm The Hindu coverage]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080207155456/http://www.hindu.com/2008/02/02/stories/2008020259671200.htm With Abdul Kalam]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120501130908/http://www.chennailivenews.com/music-season/article.aspx?id=20093830043839&category=musical-parampara Chennailives Article]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070105175037/http://www.hindu.com/2006/12/26/stories/2006122610190400.htm Hindu article]
* [http://www.thehindu.com/arts/music/article528345.ece Hindu news coverage]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Vaidyanathan, SRD}}
[[Category:1929 births]]
[[Category:2013 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Mayiladuthurai district]]
[[Category:Tamil musicians]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian musicians]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award]]

Hare Rama Hare Krishna

2026-04-13T10:51:13Z

EloyNoble34:

'''Hare Rama Hare Krishna''' may refer to:

* [[Hare Krishna (mantra)]], consisting of the words ''Hare Rama'' and ''Hare Krishna'', a Vaishnava (Hindu) mantra/chant praising the god Krishna
* [[International Society for Krishna Consciousness]], a Hindu (Krishnaist) religious organization, members of which chant the mantra
* [[Hare Rama Hare Krishna (1971 film)|''Hare Rama Hare Krishna'' (1971 film)]], an Indian Hindi-language film directed by and starring Dev Anand
** "Hare Rama Hare Krishna", title song of the 1971 film by [[R. D. Burman filmography#1970s|R. D. Burman]], [[List of Hindi songs recorded by Asha Bhosle#1971|Asha Bhosle]] and [[Usha Uthup#Discography|Usha Iyer]]
* [[Hare Rama Hare Krishna (2011 film)|''Hare Rama Hare Krishna'' (2011 film)]], an Indian Kannada-language film directed by C. V. Ashok Kumar
* ''Hare Rama Hare Krishna'', the working title of ''[[Jalsa]]'', a 2008 Indian Telugu-language film directed by Trivikram Srinivas
* ''Hare Rama Hare Krishna'', another title for ''[[Varudu]]'', a 2010 Indian Telugu-language film

== See also ==
* [[Hare Krishna (disambiguation)]]
* ''[[Hare Ram]]'', a 2008 Indian Telugu-language action thriller film
* "Bhool Bhulaiyaa", or "Hare Ram Hare Ram", the title track of the 2007 Indian comedy horror film ''[[Bhool Bhulaiyaa]]''

{{disambiguation}}

Devinder Kumar Manyal

2026-04-07T10:39:15Z

EloyNoble34: New a bio

{{Short description|Jammu and Kashmiri Politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2025}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Dr Devinder Kumar Manyal
| image = The Health Minister of Jammu and Kashmir, Dr. Devinder Kumar Manyal calling the Minister of State for Development of North Eastern Region (IC), Prime Minister’s Office, Personnel, Public Grievances & Pensions.JPG
| office1 =
| office = MLA Ramgarh
| constituency = [[Ramgarh, Jammu and Kashmir Assembly constituency|Ramgarh]]
| predecessor =
| successor =
| office2 = Member of Legislative Assembly of Jammu & Kashmir from Ramgrah
| predecessor2 =
| successor2 =
| term_start =
| term_start2 = 2024
| term_end = 2014
| term_end2 =
| other_party =
| caption =
| birth_date =
| education = MBBS
| alma_mater =
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| spouse = Poonam Manyal
| children = 2
| parents =
| awards =
| honours =
| first_minister =
| minister =
| minister2 =
| minister1 =
| cabinet =
| 5blankname =
| minister_from =
| occupation = Politician
| office3 = Former Health Minister of Jammu and Kashmir, He is an MLA from Samba Assembly constituency
| office4 =
| office5 =
| office7 =
| office8 =
| office9 =
}}

'''Dr Devinder Kumar Manyal''' (born 21 April 1969) is an Indian politician from [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]]. The current MLA of [[Ramgarh, Jammu and Kashmir Assembly constituency|Ramgarh]] and former health minister of Jammu and Kashmir. He was an MLA from [[Samba Assembly constituency]] which is reserved for Scheduled Caste community in [[Samba district]]. He won the [[2024 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election]] representing the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Samba Lok Sabha Election 2024 Live: Get Samba Lok Sabha Election Results and Candidate List |url=https://indianexpress.com/elections/jammu-kashmir-assembly-election/samba-constituency/ |access-date=2024-09-22 |website=The Indian Express }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Jammu Kashmir Election 2023: Get Latest Updates of Constituency List in Jammu Kashmir Assembly Election 2023 |url=https://indianexpress.com/elections/jammu-kashmir-assembly-election/constituencies-list/ |access-date=2024-09-22 |website=The Indian Express }}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Dr Devinder Kumar Manyal is from Diani Village, Samba Tehsil and District, Jammu and Kashmir.<ref>{{Cite web |last=The Nations Herald |first=TNH |date=2024-11-14 |title=A Life of Service and Leadership :- Dr Devinder Kumar Manyal |url=https://thenationsherald.com/a-life-of-service-and-leadership-dr-devinder-kumar-manyal/ |access-date=2024-12-29 |website=The Nations Herald |language=en-US}}</ref> He is the son of Late Som Nath Manyal, a retired politician. He is a doctor by profession and a retired government employee and his wife is a doctor in government service. He completed his MBBS at B.L.D.E. Medical College, [[Bijapur]]. Later, he did a Diploma in Orthopaedics at Wardha Jawahar Lal Nehru Medical College, [[Maharashtra]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Devinder Kumar Manyal(Bharatiya Janata Party(BJP)):Constituency- SAMBA (SC)(SAMBA) - Affidavit Information of Candidate: |url=https://www.myneta.info/jk2014/candidate.php?candidate_id=605 |access-date=2024-09-22 |website=www.myneta.info}}</ref>

== Career ==
Dr Devinder Kumar Manyal won the Samba Assembly constituency representing the Bharatiya Janata Party in the [[2014 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election]]. He polled 34,075 votes and defeated his nearest rival, [[Yash Paul Kundal]] of [[Jammu and Kashmir National Panthers Party]], by a margin of 22,118 votes.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kumar |first=Nitin |date=2024-08-30 |title=Samba Assembly Elections 2024: Constituency profile, winners, margin, party-wise candidates |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/jammu-and-kashmir/samba-assembly-elections-2024-constituency-profile-winners-margin-party-wise-candidates-2024-08-30-949302 |access-date=2024-09-22 |website=www.indiatvnews.com }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-12-23 |title=Jammu and Kashmir Assembly election winners list |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/assembly-elections-2015/jammu-and-kashmir/story/jammu-kashmir-election-winners-list-assembly-polls-results-bjp-congress-pdp-nc-232557-2014-12-23 |access-date=2024-09-22 |website=India Today }}</ref> Later, he won on a Bharatiya Janata Party ticket, the [[Ramgarh, Jammu and Kashmir Assembly constituency|Ramgarh]] Assembly constituency in the [[2024 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election]]. He polled 35,672 votes and defeated his nearest rival, Yash Paul Kundal of [[Indian National Congress]], by a margin of 14,202 votes.<ref name="J&K Assembly Election Results 2024 - Ramgarh">{{cite news|url=https://results.eci.gov.in/AcResultGenOct2024/candidateswise-U0869.htm|title=J&K Assembly Election Results 2024 - Ramgarh|last1=Election Commission of India|date=8 October 2024|accessdate=19 October 2024}}</ref>

== Electoral performance ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Election !! Constituency !! colspan="2"|Party !! Result !! Votes % !! Opposition Candidate !! colspan="2"|Opposition Party !! Opposition vote %|| Ref
|-
|[[2024 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|2024]]||[[Ramgarh, Jammu and Kashmir Assembly constituency|Ramgarh, Jammu and Kashmir]]||{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}||{{Won}}||51.53%||Yash Paul Kundal||{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}||31.02%||<ref>{{cite news|last1=Election Commission of India|title=J&K Assembly Election Results 2024 - Bandipora|url=https://results.eci.gov.in/AcResultGenOct2024/candidateswise-U0815.htm|access-date=10 October 2024|date=8 October 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241010072117/https://results.eci.gov.in/AcResultGenOct2024/candidateswise-U0815.htm|archive-date=10 October 2024}}</ref>
|-
|[[2014 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|2014]]||[[Samba Assembly constituency|Samba]]||{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}||{{Won}}||53.08%||[[Yash Paul Kundal]]||{{party name with color|Jammu and Kashmir National Panthers Party}}||18.63%||<ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Jammu & Kashmir 2014 - Jammu & Kashmir - Election Commission of India |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3797-jammu-kashmir-2014/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190613150235/https://eci.gov.in/files/file/3797-jammu-kashmir-2014/ |archive-date=2019-06-13 |access-date= |website=eci.gov.in}}</ref>
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Manyal, Devinder Kumar}}
[[Category:1970 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Jammu and Kashmir]]
[[Category:People from Samba district]]
[[Category:Jammu and Kashmir MLAs 2014–2018]]
[[Category:Jammu and Kashmir MLAs 2024–2029]]

Ei Poth Jodi Na Shesh Hoy

2026-04-03T11:34:59Z

EloyNoble34: New a data

{{Short description|1961 song by Hemanta Mukherjee and Sandhya Mukherjee}}
{{Use American english|date=January 2026}}
{{Use MDY dates|date=January 2026}}
{{for|the television series|Amader Ei Poth Jodi Na Sesh Hoy}}
{{Infobox song
| name = Ei Poth Jodi Na Shesh Hoy
| cover = Ei Poth Jodi Na Shesh Hoy.png
| cover_upright = 1.1
| border =
| caption = Scene from just before the song
| type = [[Film score]]
| artist = [[Hemanta Mukherjee]] and [[Sandhya Mukherjee]]
| album = [[Saptapadi (1961 film)#Music|Saptapadi]]
| language = [[Bengali language|Bengali]]
| English_title = If this path did not end
| released = 1961
| length = 3:10
| label = [[Saregama]]<ref name="Saregama"/>
| composer = [[Hemanta Mukherjee]]<ref name="Saregama"/>
| lyricist = [[Gauriprasanna Mazumder]]<ref name="Saregama"/>
| producer = [[Uttam Kumar]]
}}
{{Listen
| filename = এই_পথ_যদি_না_শেষ_হয়_(দ্বৈত).mp3
| title = "Ei Poth Jodi Na Shesh Hoy"
| description = Full song from the film [[Saptapadi (1961 film) |Saptapadi]]
| pos =
}}

"'''Ei Poth Jodi Na Shesh Hoy'''" is a Bengali [[Love song|romantic]] [[pop song]] by singers [[Hemanta Mukherjee]] and [[Sandhya Mukherjee]], used in the film [[Saptapadi (1961 film)|Saptapadi]], released in 1961.<ref name="Saregama">{{Citation |title=Ei Path Jodi Na Shes Hoy Song |url=https://www.saregama.com/song-lyrics/ei-path-jodi-na-shes-hoy_26033 |access-date=2025-12-25}}</ref> Lyrics written by [[Gauriprasanna Mazumder]], music composed by Hemanta Mukherjee, and produced by Bengali actor [[Uttam Kumar]].<ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2014-06-18 |title=Ei Poth Jodi Na Sesh Hoy Lyrics (এই পথ যদি না শেষ হয়) Saptapadi |url=https://gdn8.com/2014/06/ei-poth-jodi-na-sesh-hoy-lyrics.html |access-date=2025-12-25 |website=gdn8.com |language=en-US}}</ref> Originally shown in the film as [[Uttam Kumar]] riding a [[motorcycle]] with [[Suchitra Sen]] in the back seat,<ref>{{Cite news |date=2018-07-25 |title=Emotional Monami Ghosh relates to ‘Saptapadi’; See the pic |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/bengali/emotional-monami-ghosh-relates-to-saptapadi-see-the-pic/articleshow/65135086.cms |access-date=2025-12-25 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> both singing the song ([[lip-synching]]), in the roads of the countryside. The scene is regarded as one of the greatest moments in the history of [[Cinema of West Bengal|Bengali cinema]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2020-09-26 |title=Hemanta Mukhopadhyay Death Anniversary: 10 Ageless songs, a Musical Tribute |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/music/hemanta-mukhopadhyay-death-anniversary-10-ageless-songs-a-musical-tribute/articleshow/78292391.cms |access-date=2025-12-25 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

== Background ==
Before attempting to ride the bike in the film, Uttam Kumar had taken motorcycle driving lessons from a motorcycle collector in South Kolkata. He practiced for much time perfecting riding the film motorcycle correctly and finely as to be a featured in the film. The motorcycle used in film was either a BSA Golden Flash or a BMW motorcycle.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2018-05-18 |title=Kolkata Police uses legendary scene from Saptapadi to create awareness on safe riding |url=https://www.millenniumpost.in/kolkata/kolkata-police-uses-legendary-scene-from-saptapadi-to-create-awareness-on-safe-riding-300184 |access-date=2025-12-25 |website=www.millenniumpost.in |language=en |agency=Team MP}}</ref>

== In the film ==
The film Saptapadi follows the story of an Indian student and a British student, played by Uttam Kumar and Suchitra Sen, named as Krishnendu and Rina Brown respectively in the film. It is the second song in the film, shown as Uttam Kumar and Suchitra Sen riding on a [[BMW]] or BSA Golden Flash motorcycle, with Kumar driving and Sen sitting in the back seat, in the roads of a mountain side (cliff). The song is sung by Hemanta Mukherjee and Sandhya Mukherjee, separately from the film showing,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ei Path Jodi Na Shes Hoy (Duet) - Hemanta Mukherjee & Sandhya Mukherjee: Song Lyrics, Music Videos & Concerts |url=https://www.shazam.com/song/1344264349/ei-path-jodi-na-shes-hoy-duet |access-date=2025-12-25 |website=Shazam |language=en-us}}</ref> with Kumar and Sen lip-synching to the off screen song.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |last=Sen |first=Zinia |date=2017-01-12 |title=Riya to sing Ei Poth Jodi na Shesh Hoy |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/riya-to-sing-ei-poth-jodi-na-shesh-hoy/articleshow/50740312.cms |access-date=2025-12-25 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2018-05-24 |title=Legendary scene from Saptapadi being used to promote Safe Drive Save Life |url=https://aitcofficial.org/legendary-scene-from-saptapadi-being-used-to-promote-safe-drive-save-life/ |access-date=2025-12-25 |website=All India Trinamool Congress |language=en-US}}</ref> The scene with the song lasts roughly 3 minutes and 10 seconds, although it is determinant from when to when.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ei Path Jodi Na Shes Hoy (From "Saptapadi") |url=https://www.jiosaavn.com/song/ei-path-jodi-na-shes-hoy-from-saptapadi/CFg,SC5DRwY |access-date=2025-12-25 |website=[[Jio Saavn]]}}</ref>

== Creation ==
In a note written by Uttam Kumar's grandson, [[Gourab Chatterjee]], Chatterjee claimed that Kumar and Sen never sat on or drove the BMW motorcycle in Saptapadi. Director and cinematographer [[Ajoy Kar]] recorded Kumar and Sen sitting together in successive shots and fused the scenes on separately-shot parts of the film, not shown in the real-time film, where dummies were placed on top of the motorcycle that drives by the road, in different parts of the road creating a featured part in the film and the Bengali cinema. The BMW motorcycle shown was later found in a garage in [[South Kolkata]], probably of the collector, and was said to be a movie prop.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dey |first=Shuvra |date=2021-09-14 |title=Tarashankar's iconic creation – Krishnendu-Rina Brown chemistry in Saptapadi |url=https://www.getbengal.com/details/tarashankars-iconic-creation-krishnendu-rina-brown-chemistry-in-saptapadi |access-date=2025-12-25 |website=Get Bengal |language=en}}</ref>

== Remake ==
[[Riya Sen]], granddaughter of Suchitra Sen, would sing "Ei Path Jodi Na Shesh Hoy". Souvik Gupta stated the song to be entirely different but retain the single line of the original song. It was to be used in [[Hero 420|Hero 420 film]], along with four other tracks, O Riya, O re Priya, 3G and Chaichi toke. Shadaab Hashmi had also sung a remake of the song, lyrics written by Prosen.<ref name=":0" />

== Use by West Bengal Police ==
Ei Poth Jodi Na Shesh Hoy was used by West Bengal Police to promote the message "Safe Drive, Save Life", a program created to encourage people to drive safely by [[Chief Minister of West Bengal|West Bengal Chief Minister]] [[Mamata Banerjee]]. Kolkata Police posted a static photograph of the motorcycle scene with the program text on [[Twitter]] on wearing helmets for motorcycle drivers and pillion (passenger seat) riders.<ref name=":1" /> In the photograph, Kumar (Krishnendu) said in a text box "Ei poth jodi na shesh hoy,"{{Efn|If this road did not end (English translation)}} and Sen (Rina Brown) said in another text box, "Duto helmet hole besh hoy",{{Efn|It would have been good if there were two helmets (English translation)}} retweeted by 78 users as of May 18, 2018.<ref name=":2" /> The police stated that there were more motorcycle accidents in the first quarter of 2018, with 2,718 reported accidents compared to the year 2017, with 3,177 reported accidents.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-05-20 |title=Kolkata Police uses iconic Saptapadi scene to spread road safety awareness |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/kolkata/kolkata-police-uses-iconic-saptapadi-scene-to-spread-road-safety-awareness-5183782/ |access-date=2025-12-25 |website=The Indian Express |language=en |agency=Express News Service}}</ref>

== Notes ==
{{Notelist}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:1961 songs]]
[[Category:Songs in Bengali]]
[[Category:Songs about romance]]
[[Category:Indian songs]]
[[Category:Saregama soundtracks]]
[[Category:Film scores]]
[[Category:Film scenes]]
[[Category:Songs written by Gauriprasanna Mazumdar]]

Suryadhar Lake

2026-03-27T08:21:38Z

EloyNoble34: added new post

{{Infobox body of water
| name = Suryadhar Lake
| native_name = {{native name|hi|सूर्यधार झील}}
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| pushpin_map =  India Uttarakhand
| pushpin_map_alt = Location of Suryadhar Lake within Uttarakhand
| pushpin_map_caption =
| image_bathymetry =
| alt_bathymetry =
| caption_bathymetry =
| location = [[Doiwala]], [[Uttarakhand]], [[India]]
| coords = {{Coord|30|15|3.38|N|78|15|23.38|E|display=inline,title}}
| type = [[artificial lake]]
| basin_countries = {{flag|India}}
| agency =
| designation =
| date-built =
| length = {{Convert|28|m}}
| width = {{Convert|.55|km|abbr=on}}
| area = {{Convert|55|ha}}
| depth = {{convert|10|m|abbr=on}}
| max-depth =
| volume =
| residence_time =
| salinity =
| shore =
| elevation =
| frozen =
| islands =
| sections =
| islands_category =
| trenches =
| benches =
| cities = [[Doiwala]]
| website =
| reference =
}}
'''Suryadhar Lake''', is an artificial lake developed by [[Government of Uttarakhand]], situated in [[Doiwala]], in [[Uttarakhand]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Uttarakhand CM Trivendra Singh Rawat's wife at centre of controversy again |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2019/may/22/uttarakhand-cm-trivendra-singh-rawats-wife-at-centre-of-controversy-again-1980383.html |access-date=2023-10-25 |website=The New Indian Express}}</ref>

== Overview ==
The lake has a holding capacity of 77 thousand cubic meters of water. The length of this lake is 550 meters, the width is 28 meters, and the depth is 10 meters. 18 villages rely on irrigation, and 19 villages receive drinking water from this lake.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2020-11-30 |title=CM dedicates Rs 50 crore Suryadhar lake to people |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/dehradun/cm-dedicates-rs-50-crore-suryadhar-lake-to-people/articleshow/79480369.cms |access-date=2023-10-25 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2020-11-29 |title=CM to dedicate Suryadhar lake to people today |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/dehradun/cm-to-dedicate-suryadhar-lake-to-people-today/articleshow/79467594.cms |access-date=2023-10-25 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

== History ==
Chief Minister [[Trivendra Singh Rawat]] laid the foundation stone on 25 December 2017.<ref>{{Cite web |title=स्व. गजेन्द्र दत्त नैथानी के नाम पर रखा गया सूर्यधार बांध का नाम |url=https://www.amarujala.com/uttarakhand/rishikesh/self-suryadhar-lake-named-after-gajendra-dutt-naithani-rishikesh-news-drn363267877 |access-date=2023-10-25 |website=Amar Ujala |language=hi}}</ref> The construction work of Suryadhar Lake was completed in November 2020.<ref>{{Cite web |title=उत्तराखंड: सीएम त्रिवेंद्र ने सूर्यधार झील का किया लोकार्पण, टूरिस्ट डेस्टिनेशन के रूप में होगी विकसित |url=https://www.amarujala.com/dehradun/uttarakhand-cm-trivendra-singh-rawat-dream-project-suryadhar-lake-inaugurated-today |access-date=2023-10-25 |website=Amar Ujala |language=hi}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Artificial lakes of India]]
[[Category:Lakes of Uttarakhand]]
[[Category:Dehradun district]]

Urbasi Sinha

2026-03-24T13:55:44Z

EloyNoble34: added a stub

{{Short description|Indian physicist and academic}}
{{Infobox scientist
| name = Urbasi Sinha
| image = Urbasi Sinha QASTM talk.jpg
| caption = Sinha in 2021
| workplaces = [[Institute for Quantum Computing]] [[Raman Research Institute]]
| alma_mater = {{ulist |[[University of Cambridge]]|[[Jadavpur University]]}}
| thesis_title = Dielectric characterization using resonances in high Tc Josephson
| thesis_url = https://worldcat.org/en/title/890155123
| thesis_year = 2007
}}

'''Urbasi Sinha''' is an Indian physicist and professor at the [[Raman Research Institute]]. Her research considers quantum information science and quantum photonics. She was named in the [[Asian Scientist 100]] list in 2018, appointed an Emmy Noether Fellow in 2020 and awarded the Chandrasekarendra Saraswathi National Eminence Award in 2023. She was awarded the Vigyan Yuva Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Award in the Physics category in 2024.<ref name=":3">{{Cite news |last=Firaque |first=Kabir |date=Aug 22, 2024  |title=Vigyan Yuva awardee Urbasi Sinha: Quantum laws for safer communications |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/vigyan-yuva-shanti-swarup-bhatnagar-awards-urbasi-sinha-in-physics-101724300547516.html |access-date=Feb 18, 2025 |work=The Hindustan Times}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Sinha was born in London and completed her undergraduate from [[Jadavpur university]] graduate and doctoral degrees at the [[University of Cambridge]]. Her research considered superconducting devices.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Simone |first=Rose |date=2022-08-09 |title=Sparks of discovery at the junction between theory and experiment |url=https://insidetheperimeter.ca/sparks-of-discovery-at-the-junction-between-theory-and-experiment/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-06-25 |title=Biography {{!}} Gates Cambridge |url=https://www.gatescambridge.org/biography/ |access-date=2023-11-09 |website=Gates Cambridge - |language=EN}}</ref> Her doctorate involved explorations of the [[Josephson effect]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2018-11-27 |title=Asia's Scientific Trailblazers: Urbasi Sinha |url=https://www.asianscientist.com/2018/11/features/asias-scientific-trailblazers-urbasi-sinha/ |access-date=2023-11-09 |website=Asian Scientist Magazine |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Sinha |first=Urbina |date=2007 |title=Dielectric characterization using resonances in high Tc Josephson junction circuits |url=https://worldcat.org/en/title/890155123}}</ref> She moved to the [[Institute for Quantum Computing]] for her postdoctoral research,<ref>{{Cite web |title=India's Optical Quantum Computing Expert {{!}} ICTP |url=https://www.ictp.it/news/2018/2/indias-optical-quantum-computing-expert |access-date=2023-11-09 |website=www.ictp.it |language=en}}</ref> where she became interested in quantum computing and optics. Here she developed a triple-slit variation to the [[double-slit experiment]]; testing the [[Born rule]].<ref>{{Citation |title=Born to Rule - Dr. Urbasi Sinha explains the triple-slit experiment | date=23 August 2010 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tDDFmy7n5FQ |access-date=2023-11-09 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Sinha |first=Urbasi |title=Quantum Slits Open New Doors |url=https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/quantum-slits-open-new-doors/ |access-date=2023-11-09 |website=Scientific American |date=January 2020 |language=en}}</ref> The Born rule predicts the probability that a measurement made in a quantum system will give a particular result.

== Research and career ==
She served as an associate professor at the [[Raman Research Institute]] from 2012 to 2019, and was appointed as a Professor there in 2020.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Urbasi Sinha {{!}} Raman Research Institute |url=https://www.rri.res.in/people/faculty/urbasi-sinha |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240803131536/https://www.rri.res.in/people/faculty/urbasi-sinha |archive-date=2024-08-03 |access-date=2025-08-21 |website=www.rri.res.in |language=en |url-status=live }}</ref> At [[Raman Research Institute]], she leads the Quantum Information and Computing (QuIC) Laboratory, where she began working on quantum photonics and the development of a [[Quantum Internet|quantum internet]]. Alongside technological applications, Sinha is interested in testing fundamental quantum phenomena, including [[Leggett–Garg inequality]].

In 2017, Sinha was appointed a Homi Bhabha Fellow at the [[Cavendish Laboratory]].<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Homi Bhabha Fellowship |url=https://homibhabhafellowships.com/HomiBhabhaFellow.aspx?id=144 |access-date=2023-11-09 |website=homibhabhafellowships.com}}</ref> In 2020, Sinha became an [[Emmy Noether]] Fellow at the [[Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics]].<ref name=":0" /> Her research group demonstrated a quantum communication channel between fixed and moving platforms in 2023, the same year she was awarded a Canada Excellence Research Chair in Photonic Quantum Science and Technologies at the University of Calgary.<ref>{{Cite web |last=DHNS |title=RRI research push to quantum tech applications |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/science/rri-research-push-to-quantum-tech-applications-2641609 |access-date=2023-11-09 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Government of Canada welcomes world-renowned researchers that will push the boundaries of innovation |url=https://www.canada.ca/en/research-chairs/news/2023/11/government-of-canada-welcomes-world-renowned-researchers-that-will-push-the-boundaries-of-innovation.html}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Competition Results |url=https://www.cerc.gc.ca/results-resultats/index-eng.aspx}}</ref> Sinha is also involved with designing the [[National Quantum Mission India]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Sinha |first=Urbasi |date=2023-05-09 |title=A key milestone for a secure quantum future |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/d44151-023-00049-5 |journal=Nature India |language=en |doi=10.1038/d44151-023-00049-5 |doi-broken-date=16 July 2025}}</ref>

== Awards and honours ==
* 2017 Homi Bhabha Fellow<ref name=":2" />
* 2018 ICTP-ICO Gallieno Denardo Award in Optics<ref>{{Cite web |title=ICO/ICTP Gallieno Denardo Award Winner 2018 {{!}} ICTP |url=https://2022.ictp.it/home/icoictp-gallieno-denardo-award-winner-2018 |access-date=2023-11-09 |website=2022.ictp.it}}</ref>
* 2019 [[Asian Scientist 100]], ''[[Asian Scientist]]''<ref name=":1" />
* 2023 Chandrasekarendra Saraswathi National Eminence Award{{Citation needed|date=December 2024}}
* 2024 Vigyan Yuva Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Award in the Physics category<ref name=":3" />

== Select publications ==
* {{Cite Q|Q34127474}}
* {{Cite Q|Q57162751}}
* {{Cite Q|Q62109689}}

== Personal life ==
Her husband, [[Aninda Sinha]], is a high energy physicist at the [[Indian Institute of Science]].{{citation needed|date=November 2023}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sinha, Urbasi}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Alumni of the University of Cambridge]]
[[Category:Indian physicists]]
[[Category:Indian women physicists]]
[[Category:Homi Bhabha Fellows]]

Third Fadnavis ministry

2026-03-22T17:31:44Z

EloyNoble34: added a info

{{Short description|32nd ministry of Maharashtra}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2025}}
{{Infobox government cabinet
|flag = Seal of Maharashtra.svg
|jurisdiction = the [[State of Maharashtra]]
|cabinet_type = ministry
|cabinet_number = 32nd
|incumbent = [[Incumbent]]
|date_formed = {{start date and age|2024|12|05|df=y|p=y}}
|governor_title = [[Governor of Maharashtra|Head of state]]
|governor = [[C. P. Radhakrishnan]] [[Acharya Devvrat]] (''additional charge'') [[Jishnu Dev Varma]]
|government_head_title = [[Chief Minister of Maharashtra|Head of government]]
|government_head = [[Devendra Fadnavis]]
|deputy_government_head = {{bulletlist|[[Eknath Shinde]]|[[Ajit Pawar]] (until 28 January 2026)|[[Sunetra Pawar]] (from 31 January 2026)}}
|deputy_government_head_title = [[Deputy Chief Minister of Maharashtra|Deputy {{abbr|CMs|Chief Ministers}}]]
|predecessor = [[Eknath Shinde ministry]]
|opposition_parties = {{color box|{{party color|Shiv Sena (Uddhav Balasaheb Thackeray)}}}} [[Shiv Sena (UBT)|SS(UBT)]]{{efn|As the largest opposition party in the assembly and council.}}{{efn|No party has obtained 10% or more for the recognition of official opposition in the Assembly and Council. Others include {{color box|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}}} [[Indian National Congress|INC]] and {{color box|{{party color|Nationalist Congress Party (Sharadchandra Pawar)}}}} [[Nationalist Congress Party (Sharadchandra Pawar)|NCP(SP)]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mutha |first=Snehal |date=2024-11-24 |title=In a first in six decades, no Leader of Opposition in Maharashtra Assembly |url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/maharashtra-assembly/in-a-first-in-six-decades-no-leader-of-opposition-in-maharashtra-assembly/article68904861.ece |access-date=2024-12-01 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>}}
|opposition_leaders =''Vacant'' {{small|(in Council and Assembly)}}
|members_number = 43
|political_parties = [[Maha Yuti]]:{{br}}
{{hlist|{{color box|{{party color|BJP}}}} [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]|{{color box|{{party color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}}} [[Shiv Sena (2022–present)|SHS]]|{{color box|{{party color|Nationalist Congress Party}}}} [[Nationalist Congress Party|NCP]]}}
|legislature_term = [[15th Maharashtra Assembly|15th Assembly]] (2024-present)
|election = [[2024 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2024]]
|legislature_status = [[Majority government]] ([[Coalition government|coalition]]) 
[[Maharashtra Legislative Council|Council]]{{efn|According to Article 164 of [[Indian Constitution]], the council of ministers is collectively responsible to the state legislative assembly.}}: {{composition bar|hex={{party color|National Democratic Alliance}}|40|78|per=1}} 
[[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Assembly]]: {{composition bar|hex={{party color|National Democratic Alliance}}|236|288|per=1}}
|image=The Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi attends the Swearing-in Ceremony of the Government of Maharashtra at Mumbai, in Maharashtra on December 05, 2024 (2).jpg|caption=(From left to right) [[Eknath Shinde|Shinde]], Governor [[C. P. Radhakrishnan|Radhakrishnan]], [[Prime Minister of India|Prime Minister]] [[Narendra Modi|Modi]], [[Devendra Fadnavis|Fadnavis]] and [[Ajit Pawar|Pawar]] at [[Azad Maidan]], Mumbai during the swearing-in ceremony on 5 December 2024.
}}

The '''Third Fadnavis ministry''' was formed on 5 December 2024 as the 32nd [[Government of Maharashtra]]. The ministry would likely consist of maximum 43 members. The then-[[Governor of Maharashtra|governor]], [[C. P. Radhakrishnan]] administered the oath of office and secrecy to the [[Chief Minister of Maharashtra|Chief Minister]], [[Devendra Fadnavis]] and [[Deputy Chief Minister of Maharashtra|Deputy Chief Ministers]], [[Eknath Shinde]] and [[Ajit Pawar]], respectively at [[Azad Maidan|Azad Maidan, Mumbai]]. Pawar unexpectedly died in the [[2026 Baramati Learjet 45 crash]].

==Background==
Assembly elections were held in [[2024 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|November 2024]]. Maha Yuti (state alliance of the NDA) won 234 out of 288 seats contested, whereas [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP) got 132 seats, [[Shiv Sena (2022–present)|Shiv Sena]] (SHS) 57 seats and [[Nationalist Congress Party]] 41 seats. Other small parties and independents under the alliance got total of 4 seats. Later 2 independents lawmakers and [[Ravi Rana]] supported the Maha Yuti, making a total of 237 seats.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-11-30 |title=New Maharashtra CM to take oath on Dec 5, announces state BJP chief amid suspense over pick |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/new-maharashtra-cm-to-take-oath-on-dec-5-announces-state-bjp-chief-amid-suspense-over-pick-101732972867562.html |access-date=2024-12-01 |work=Hindustan Times}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-11-24 |title=Maharashtra Elections 2024: Mahayuti cracks the code to win 'Maha'bharat with a massive majority; key highlights |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/elections/assembly-elections/maharashtra/maharashtra-election-2024-live-results-news-key-points-highlights-mahayuti-mva-bjp-eknath-shinde-ajit-pawar-uddhav-thackeray/articleshow/115584642.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2024-12-01 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Maharashtra Election Results 2024 Highlights: Mahayuti Strikes Same Chord On CM Pick, Say Parties Will Discuss |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/maharashtra-assembly-election-results-2024-live-updates-mahayuti-maha-vikas-aghadi-ncp-shiv-sena-bjp-congress-7079916 |access-date=2024-12-01 |website=NDTV.com}}</ref>

=== Motion of confidence ===
Fadnavis was elected as the leader of BJP Legislature Party in Maharashtra, thus resulting him to become chief minister for the third time.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-12-04 |title=Mahayuti government tomorrow, Devendra Fadnavis urges Eknath Shinde to join |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/devendra-fadnavis-mahayuti-maharashtra-chief-minister-oath-eknath-shinde-ajit-pawar-name-cleared-bjp-core-committee-meeting-2644654-2024-12-04 |access-date=2024-12-04 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=D Fadnavis Recommended My Name Last Time, I've Returned Favour: E Shinde |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/devendra-fadnavis-eknath-shinde-ajit-pawar-meet-governor-stake-claim-to-form-government-in-maharashtra-7170183 |access-date=2024-12-04 |website=NDTV.com}}</ref>

== Council of Ministers ==
The cabinet expansion took place at [[Lok Bhavan, Nagpur|Raj Bhavan in Nagpur]] on 15 December 2024. Maharashtra Cabinet can consist of a maximum of 43 ministers. 33 were inducted as cabinet ministers, 6 were sworn in as ministers of state. 19 ministers from the BJP, 11 from the Shiv Sena and 9 from the NCP took oath as cabinet ministers.<ref name="Maharashtra cabinet expanded; here is the full list of ministers">{{cite news |last1=The Indian Express |title=Maharashtra cabinet expanded; here is the full list of ministers |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/maharashtra-cabinet-ministers-full-list-bjp-shiv-sena-ncp-9726178/ |access-date=15 December 2024 |date=15 December 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241215131545/https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/maharashtra-cabinet-ministers-full-list-bjp-shiv-sena-ncp-9726178/ |archive-date=15 December 2024 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Maharashtra Cabinet Takes Shape After Massive Mandate In Assembly Polls {{!}} Check List Of Ministers">{{cite news |last1=News18 |title=Maharashtra Cabinet Takes Shape After Massive Mandate In Assembly Polls {{!}} Check List Of Ministers |url=https://www.news18.com/politics/maharashtra-cabinet-ministers-full-list-2024-cabinet-expansion-ministers-take-oath-fadnavis-bjp-shiv-sena-ncp-ajit-pawar-latest-news-9157034.html |access-date=15 December 2024 |date=15 December 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241215132438/https://www.news18.com/politics/maharashtra-cabinet-expansion-devendra-fadnavis-shinde-pawar-new-faces-names-latest-updates-9156674.html |archive-date=15 December 2024 |language=en}}</ref>

Cabinet ministers portfolios where allocated on 21 December 2024.<ref name="Maharashtra portfolio allocation: CM Fadnavis keeps home ministry, Ajit Pawar gets finance, Shinde gets urban development">{{cite news |title=Maharashtra portfolio allocation: CM Fadnavis keeps home ministry, Ajit Pawar gets finance, Shinde gets urban development |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/maharashtra-portfolio-allocation-cm-fadnavis-keeps-home-ajit-pawar-gets-finance-shinde-gets-urban-development/articleshow/116542747.cms |accessdate=22 December 2024 |publisher=The Times of India |date=21 December 2024 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20241222043727/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/maharashtra-portfolio-allocation-cm-fadnavis-keeps-home-ajit-pawar-gets-finance-shinde-gets-urban-development/articleshow/116542747.cms |archivedate=22 December 2024}}</ref><ref name="Fadnavis retains Home, Ajit Finance, Shinde gets Urban, Works, and Housing">{{cite news |title=Fadnavis retains Home, Ajit Finance, Shinde gets Urban, Works, and Housing |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/fadnavis-retains-home-ajit-finance-shinde-gets-urban-works-and-housing-9738240/ |accessdate=22 December 2024 |publisher=The Indian Express |date=22 December 2024 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20241222043827/https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/fadnavis-retains-home-ajit-finance-shinde-gets-urban-works-and-housing-9738240/ |archivedate=22 December 2024 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Maharashtra portfolios: Fadnavis keeps Home, Shinde Urban Development; Ajit gets Finance">{{cite news |last1= |first1= |title=Maharashtra portfolios: Fadnavis keeps Home, Shinde Urban Development; Ajit gets Finance |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/maharashtra/maharashtra-portfolios-fadnavis-keeps-home-shinde-urban-development-ajit-gets-finance/article69013705.ece |access-date=22 December 2024 |publisher=The Hindu |date=21 December 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241222043146/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/maharashtra/maharashtra-portfolios-fadnavis-keeps-home-shinde-urban-development-ajit-gets-finance/article69013705.ece |archive-date=22 December 2024
|language=en-IN}}</ref> 

===Cabinet Ministers===
{{Cabinet table start|hiderefcol=y}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = [[List of chief ministers of Maharashtra|'''Chief Minister''']]
*[[Ministry of General Administration (Maharashtra)|Minister of General Administration]]
*[[Ministry of Home Affairs (Maharashtra)|Minister of Home Affairs]]
*[[Ministry of Law and Judiciary (Maharashtra)|Minister of Law & Judiciary]]
*[[Ministry of Information and Public Relations (Maharashtra)|Minister of Information & Public Relations]]
*[[Ministry of Energy, New and Renewable Energy Maharashtra|Minister of Energy]] (excluding Non-Conventional Energy)
'''Other departments not allocated to any Minister'''.
*[[Ministry of Command Area Development (Maharashtra)|Minister of Command Area Development]]
*[[Ministry of Earthquake Rehabilitation (Maharashtra)|Earthquake Rehabilitation]]
* [[Ministry of Socially and Educationally Backward Classes (Maharashtra)|Minister of Socially and Educationally Backward Classes]]
* [[Ministry of Vimukta Jati (Maharashtra)|Minister of Vimukta Jati]]
* [[Ministry of Nomadic Tribes (Maharashtra)|Minister of Nomadic Tribes]]
* [[Ministry of Special Backward Classes Welfare (Maharashtra)|Minister of Special Backward Classes Welfare]]
* [[Ministry of Majority Welfare Development (Maharashtra)|Minister of Majority Welfare Development]]
| minister1 = [[Devendra Fadnavis]]
| minister1_termstart = 5 December 2024
| minister1_termend =
| minister1_party = Bharatiya Janata Party
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = [[List of deputy chief ministers of Maharashtra|'''Deputy Chief Minister''']]
*[[Ministry of Urban Development (Maharashtra)|Minister of Urban Development]]
*[[Ministry of Housing (Maharashtra)|Minister of Housing]]
*[[Ministry of Public Works (Including Public Undertakings)|Minister of Public Works (Including Public Undertakings)]]
| minister1 = [[Eknath Shinde]]
| minister1_termstart = 5 December 2024
| minister1_termend =
| minister1_party = Shiv Sena (2022–present)
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = [[List of deputy chief ministers of Maharashtra|'''Deputy Chief Minister''']]
| minister1 = [[Ajit Pawar]]
| minister1_termstart = 5 December 2024
| minister1_termend = 28 January 2026
| minister1_party = Nationalist Congress Party
| minister2 = [[Sunetra Pawar]]
| minister2_termstart = 31 January 2026
| minister2_termend =
| minister2_party = Nationalist Congress Party
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = Cabinet Minister
*[[Ministry of Finance (Maharashtra)|Minister of Finance]]
*[[Ministry of Planning (Maharashtra)|Minister of Planning]]
| minister1 = [[Ajit Pawar]] ([[List of deputy chief ministers of Maharashtra|Dy Chief Minister]])
| minister1_termstart = 5 December 2024
| minister1_termend = 28 January 2026
| minister1_party = Nationalist Congress Party

| minister2 = [[Devendra Fadnavis]] ([[List of chief ministers of Maharashtra|Chief Minister]]
| minister2_termstart = 28 January 2026
| minister2_termend =
| minister2_party = Bharatiya Janata Party
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = Cabinet Minister
*[[Ministry of State Excise (Maharashtra)|Minister for State Excise]]
| minister1 = [[Ajit Pawar]] ([[List of deputy chief ministers of Maharashtra|Dy Chief Minister]])
| minister1_termstart = 5 December 2024
| minister1_termend = 28 January 2026
| minister1_party = Nationalist Congress Party
| minister2 = [[Devendra Fadnavis]] ([[List of chief ministers of Maharashtra|Chief Minister]]; additional charge)
| minister2_termstart = 28 January 2026
| minister2_termend = 31 January 2026
| minister2_party = Bharatiya Janata Party
| minister3 = [[Sunetra Pawar]] ([[List of deputy chief ministers of Maharashtra|Dy Chief Minister]])
| minister3_termstart = 31 January 2026
| minister3_termend =
| minister3_party = Nationalist Congress Party }}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title =
Cabinet Minister
*[[Ministry of Sports and Youth Welfare (Maharashtra)|Minister of Sports & Youth Welfare]]
*[[Ministry of Minority Development and Aukaf (Maharashtra)|Minister of Minority Development & Aukaf]]
| minister1 = [[Dattatray Vithoba Bharne|Dattatray Bharne]]
| minister1_termstart = 15 December 2024
| minister1_termend = 31 July 2025
| minister1_party = Nationalist Congress Party
| minister2 = [[Manikrao Kokate]]
| minister2_termstart = 31 July 2025
| minister2_termend = 17 December 2025
| minister2_party = Nationalist Congress Party
| minister3 = [[Ajit Pawar]] (Dy Chief Minister)
| minister3_termstart = 17 December 2025
| minister3_termend = 28 January 2026
| minister3_party = Nationalist Congress Party
| minister4 = [[Devendra Fadnavis]] ([[List of chief ministers of Maharashtra|Chief Minister]]; additional charge)
| minister4_termstart = 28 January 2026
| minister4_termend = 31 January 2026
| minister4_party = Bharatiya Janata Party
| minister5 = [[Sunetra Pawar]] (Dy Chief Minister)
| minister5_termstart = 31 January 2026
| minister5_termend =
| minister5_party = Nationalist Congress Party}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title =
Cabinet Minister
*[[Ministry of Water Resources (Maharashtra)|Minister of Water Resources]] (Godavari & Krishna Valley)
| minister1 = [[Radhakrishna Vikhe Patil]]
| minister1_termstart = 15 December 2024
| minister1_termend =
| minister1_party = Bharatiya Janata Party
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title =
Cabinet Minister
*[[Ministry of Revenue (Maharashtra)|Minister of Revenue]]
| minister1 = [[Chandrashekhar Bawankule]]
| minister1_termstart = 15 December 2024
| minister1_termend =
| minister1_party = Bharatiya Janata Party
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title =
Cabinet Minister
*[[Ministry of Medical Education (Maharashtra)|Minister of Medical Education]]
| minister1 = [[Hasan Mushrif]]
| minister1_termstart = 15 December 2024
| minister1_termend =
| minister1_party = Nationalist Congress Party
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title =
Cabinet Minister
*[[Ministry of Higher and Technical Education (Maharashtra)|Minister of Higher & Technical Education]]
*[[Ministry of Parliamentary Affairs Government of Maharashtra|Minister of Parliamentary Affairs]]
| minister1 = [[Chandrakant Patil]]
| minister1_termstart = 15 December 2024
| minister1_termend =
| minister1_party = Bharatiya Janata Party
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title =
Cabinet Minister
*[[Ministry of Water Resources (Maharashtra)|Minister of Water Resources]] (Vidharbha, Tapi, Konkan)
*[[Ministry of Disaster Management (Maharashtra)|Minister of Disaster Management]]
| minister1 = [[Girish Mahajan]]
| minister1_termstart = 15 December 2024
| minister1_termend =
| minister1_party = Bharatiya Janata Party
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title =
Cabinet Minister
*[[Ministry of Water Supply (Maharashtra)|Minister of Water Supply]]
*[[Ministry of Sanitation (Maharashtra)|Sanitation]]
| minister1 = [[Gulab Raghunath Patil]]
| minister1_termstart = 15 December 2024
| minister1_termend =
| minister1_party = Shiv Sena (2022–present)
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title =
Cabinet Minister
*[[Ministry of Forest (Maharashtra)|Minister of Forest]]
| minister1 = [[Ganesh Naik]]
| minister1_termstart = 15 December 2024
| minister1_termend =
| minister1_party = Bharatiya Janata Party
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title =
Cabinet Minister
*[[Ministry of School Education (Maharashtra)|Minister of School Education]]
| minister1 = [[Dadaji Bhuse]]
| minister1_termstart = 15 December 2024
| minister1_termend =
| minister1_party = Shiv Sena (2022–present)
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title =
Cabinet Minister
*[[Ministry of Soil and Water Conservation (Maharashtra)|Minister of Soil & Water Conservation]]
| minister1 = [[Sanjay Rathod]]
| minister1_termstart = 15 December 2024
| minister1_termend =
| minister1_party = Shiv Sena (2022–present)
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title =
Cabinet Minister
*[[Ministry of Food, Civil Supplies and Consumer Protection (Maharashtra)|Minister of Food and Civil Supplies]]
*[[Ministry of Food, Civil Supplies and Consumer Protection (Maharashtra)|Minister of Consumer Affairs]]
| minister1 = [[Dhananjay Munde]]
| minister1_termstart = 15 December 2024
| minister1_termend = 4 March 2025
| minister1_party = Nationalist Congress Party
| minister2 = [[Ajit Pawar]]
| minister2_termstart = 4 March 2025
| minister2_termend = 20 May 2025
| minister2_party = Nationalist Congress Party
| minister3 = [[Chhagan Bhujbal]]
| minister3_termstart = 20 May 2025
| minister3_termend =
| minister3_party = Nationalist Congress Party
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title =
Cabinet Minister
*[[Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship (Maharashtra)|Minister of Skill Development & Entrepreneurship]]
| minister1 = [[Mangal Prabhat Lodha]]
| minister1_termstart = 15 December 2024
| minister1_termend =
| minister1_party = Bharatiya Janata Party
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title =
Cabinet Minister
*[[Ministry of Industries (Maharashtra)|Minister of Industries]]
*[[Ministry of Marathi Language|Minister of Marathi Language]]
| minister1 = [[Uday Samant]]
| minister1_termstart = 15 December 2024
| minister1_termend =
| minister1_party = Shiv Sena (2022–present)
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title =
Cabinet Minister
*[[Ministry of Marketing (Maharashtra)|Minister of Marketing]]
*[[Ministry of Protocol (Maharashtra)|Minister of Protocol]]
| minister1 = [[Jayakumar Jitendrasinh Rawal|Jayakumar Rawal]]
| minister1_termstart = 15 December 2024
| minister1_termend =
| minister1_party = Bharatiya Janata Party
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title =
Cabinet Minister
*[[Ministry of Environment and Climate Change (Maharashtra)|Minister of Environment & Climate Change]]
*[[Ministry of Animal Husbandry (Maharashtra)|Minister of Animal Husbandry]]
| minister1 = [[Pankaja Munde]]
| minister1_termstart = 15 December 2024
| minister1_termend =
| minister1_party = Bharatiya Janata Party
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title =
Cabinet Minister
*[[Ministry of Other Backward Classes (Maharashtra)|Minister of Other Backward Classes]]
* [[Ministry of Other Backward Bahujan Welfare (Maharashtra)|Minister of Other Backward Bahujan Welfare]]
*[[Ministry of Dairy Development (Maharashtra)|Minister of Dairy Development]]
*Minister of New and Renewable Energy
| minister1 = [[Atul Save]]
| minister1_termstart = 15 December 2024
| minister1_termend =
| minister1_party = Bharatiya Janata Party
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title =
Cabinet Minister
*[[Ministry of Tribal Development (Maharashtra)|Minister of Tribal Development]]
| minister1 = [[Ashok Uike]]
| minister1_termstart = 15 December 2024
| minister1_termend =
| minister1_party = Bharatiya Janata Party
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title =
Cabinet Minister
*[[Ministry of Tourism (Maharashtra)|Minister of Tourism]]
*[[Ministry of Mining (Maharashtra)|Minister of Mining]]
*[[Ministry of Ex. Servicemen Welfare (Maharashtra)|Minister of Ex-Servicemen Welfare]]
| minister1 = [[Shambhuraj Desai]]
| minister1_termstart = 15 December 2024
| minister1_termend =
| minister1_party = Shiv Sena (2022–present)
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title =
Cabinet Minister
*[[Ministry of Information Technology (Maharashtra)|Minister of Information Technology]]
*[[Ministry of Cultural Affairs (Maharashtra)|Minister of Cultural Affairs]]
| minister1 = [[Ashish Shelar]]
| minister1_termstart = 15 December 2024
| minister1_termend =
| minister1_party = Bharatiya Janata Party
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title =
Cabinet Minister
*[[Ministry of Woman and Child Development Government of Maharashtra|Minister of Women & Child Development]]
| minister1 = [[Aditi Tatkare]]
| minister1_termstart = 15 December 2024
| minister1_termend =
| minister1_party = Nationalist Congress Party
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title =
Cabinet Minister
*[[Ministry of Public Works (Excluding Public Undertakings) (Maharashtra)|Minister of Public Works (excluding Public Undertakings)]]
| minister1 = [[Shivendra Raje Bhosale]]
| minister1_termstart = 15 December 2024
| minister1_termend =
| minister1_party = Bharatiya Janata Party
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title =
Cabinet Minister
*[[Ministry of Agriculture (Maharashtra)|Minister of Agriculture]]
| minister1 = [[Manikrao Kokate]]
| minister1_termstart = 15 December 2024
| minister1_termend = 31 July 2025
| minister1_party = Nationalist Congress Party
| minister2 = [[Dattatray Vithoba Bharne|Dattatray Bharne]]
| minister2_termstart = 31 July 2025
| minister2_termend =
| minister2_party = Nationalist Congress Party
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title =
Cabinet Minister
*[[Ministry of Rural Development Government of Maharashtra|Minister of Rural Development]]
*[[Ministry of Rural Development Government of Maharashtra|Minister of Panchayat Raj]]
| minister1 = [[Jaykumar Gore]]
| minister1_termstart = 15 December 2024
| minister1_termend =
| minister1_party = Bharatiya Janata Party
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title =
Cabinet Minister
*[[Ministry of Food and Drug Administration (Maharashtra)|Minister of Food & Drug Administration]]
*[[Ministry of Special Assistance (Maharashtra)|Minister of Special Assistance]]
| minister1 = [[Narhari Zirwal]]
| minister1_termstart = 15 December 2024
| minister1_termend =
| minister1_party = Nationalist Congress Party
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title =
Cabinet Minister
*[[Ministry of Textiles (Maharashtra)|Minister of Textiles]]
| minister1 = [[Sanjay Savkare]]
| minister1_termstart = 15 December 2024
| minister1_termend =
| minister1_party = Bharatiya Janata Party
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title =
Cabinet Minister
*[[Ministry of Social Justice (Maharashtra)|Minister of Social Justice]]
| minister1 = [[Sanjay Shirsat]]
| minister1_termstart = 15 December 2024
| minister1_termend =
| minister1_party = Shiv Sena (2022–present)
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title =
Cabinet Minister
*[[Ministry of Transport (Maharashtra)|Minister of Transport]]
| minister1 = [[Pratap Sarnaik]]
| minister1_termstart = 15 December 2024
| minister1_termend =
| minister1_party = Shiv Sena (2022–present)
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title =
Cabinet Minister
*[[Ministry of Horticulture (Maharashtra)|Minister of Horticulture]]
*[[Ministry of Employment Guarantee (Maharashtra)|Minister of Employment Guarantee]]
*[[Ministry of Khar Land Development (Maharashtra)|Minister of Khar Land Development]]
| minister1 = [[Bharatshet Gogawale]]
| minister1_termstart = 15 December 2024
| minister1_termend =
| minister1_party = Shiv Sena (2022–present)
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title =
Cabinet Minister
*[[Ministry of Relief and Rehabilitation (Maharashtra)|Minister of Relief & Rehabilitation]]
| minister1 = [[Makrand Jadhav - Patil]]
| minister1_termstart = 15 December 2024
| minister1_termend =
| minister1_party = Nationalist Congress Party
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title =
Cabinet Minister
*[[Ministry of Fisheries (Maharashtra)|Minister of Fisheries]]
*[[Ministry of Ports Development (Maharashtra)|Minister of Ports Development]]
| minister1 = [[Nitesh Rane]]
| minister1_termstart = 15 December 2024
| minister1_termend =
| minister1_party = Bharatiya Janata Party
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title =
Cabinet Minister
*[[Ministry of Labour (Maharashtra)|Minister of Labour]]
| minister1 = [[Akash Pandurang Fundkar|Akash Fundkar]]
| minister1_termstart = 15 December 2024
| minister1_termend =
| minister1_party = Bharatiya Janata Party
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title =
Cabinet Minister
*[[Ministry of Co-operation (Maharashtra)|Minister of Co-operation]]
| minister1 = [[Babasaheb Mohanrao Patil|Babasaheb Patil]]
| minister1_termstart = 15 December 2024
| minister1_termend =
| minister1_party = Nationalist Congress Party
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title =
Cabinet Minister
*[[Ministry of Public Health (Maharashtra)|Minister of Public Health and Family Welfare]]
| minister1 = [[Prakashrao Abitkar]]
| minister1_termstart = 15 December 2024
| minister1_termend =
| minister1_party = Shiv Sena (2022–present)
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title =
Cabinet Minister
*[[Ministry of Disability Welfare (Maharashtra)|Minister of Disability Welfare]]
| minister1 = [[Devendra Fadnavis]] {{small|([[Chief Minister of Maharashtra|Chief Minister]]; additional charge)}}
| minister1_termstart = 15 December 2024
| minister1_termend = 15 December 2024
| minister1_party = Bharatiya Janata Party
| minister2 = [[Atul Save]]
| minister2_termstart = 15 December 2024
| minister2_termend =
| minister2_party = Bharatiya Janata Party
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title =
Minister of State (''Independent Charge'') for Border Defence
| minister1 = [[Devendra Fadnavis]] {{small|([[Chief Minister of Maharashtra|Chief Minister]]; additional charge)}}
| minister1_termstart = 15 December 2024
| minister1_termend = 13 February 2025
| minister1_party = Bharatiya Janata Party
| minister2 = [[Chandrakant Patil]] (First)
| minister2_termstart = 13 February 2025
| minister2_termend =
| minister2_party = Bharatiya Janata Party
| minister3 = [[Shambhuraj Desai]] (Second)
| minister3_termstart = 13 February 2025
| minister3_termend =
| minister3_party = Shiv Sena
}}
|}

===Ministers of State===
{{Cabinet table start|hiderefcol=y}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title =
Minister of State
*[[Ministry of Urban Development Government of Maharashtra|Urban Development]]
*[[Ministry of Transport (Maharashtra)|Transport]]
*[[Ministry of Social Justice (Maharashtra)|Social Justice]]
*[[Ministry of Medical Education (Maharashtra)|Medical Education]]
*[[Minority Development and Aukaf (Maharashtra)|Minority Development and Aukaf]]
| minister1 = [[Madhuri Misal]]
| minister1_termstart = 15 December 2024
| minister1_termend =
| minister1_party = Bharatiya Janata Party
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title =
Minister of State
*[[Ministry of Finance (Maharashtra)|Finance]]
*[[Ministry of Planning (Maharashtra)|Planning]]
*[[Ministry of Agriculture (Maharashtra)|Agriculture]]
*[[Ministry of Relief & Rehabilitation (Maharashtra)|Relief and Rehabilitation]]
*[[Ministry of Law and Judiciary Government of Maharashtra|Law and Judiciary]]
*[[Ministry of Labour (Maharashtra)|Labour]]
| minister1 = [[Ashish Jaiswal]]
| minister1_termstart = 15 December 2024
| minister1_termend =
| minister1_party = Shiv Sena (2022–present)
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = Minister of State
*[[Ministry of Home Affairs Government of Maharashtra|Home Affairs]] (Rural)
*[[Ministry of Housing (Maharashtra)|Housing]]
*[[Ministry of School Education (Maharashtra)|School Education]]
*[[Ministry of Co-operation (Maharashtra)|Co-operation]]
*[[Ministry of Mining Department (Maharashtra)|Mining]]
| minister1 = [[Pankaj Rajesh Bhoyar|Pankaj Bhoyar]]
| minister1_termstart = 15 December 2024
| minister1_termend =
| minister1_party = Bharatiya Janata Party
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = Minister of State
*[[Ministry of Water Supply (Maharashtra)|Water Supply]]
*[[Ministry of Sanitation (Maharashtra)|Sanitation]]
*[[Ministry of Public Health (Maharashtra)|Public Health and Family Welfare]]
*[[Ministry of Energy, New and Renewable Energy Maharashtra|Energy]]
*[[Ministry of Energy, New and Renewable Energy Maharashtra|New and Renewable Energy]]
*[[Ministry of Woman and Child Development Government of Maharashtra|Woman and Child Development]]
*[[Ministry of Public Works (Including Public Undertakings) (Maharashtra)|Public Works (Including Public Undertakings)]]
| minister1 = [[Meghana Bordikar]]
| minister1_termstart = 15 December 2024
| minister1_termend =
| minister1_party = Bharatiya Janata Party
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title =
Minister of State
*[[Ministry of Industries (Maharashtra)|Industries]]
*[[Ministry of Public Works (Excluding Public Undertakings) (Maharashtra)|Public Works (excluding Public Undertakings)]]
*[[Ministry of higher and Technical Education (Maharashtra)|Higher Education and Technical Education]]
*[[Ministry of Tribal Development (Maharashtra)|Tribal Development]]
*[[Ministry of Tourism (Maharashtra)|Tourism]]
*[[Ministry of Soil and Water Conservation (Maharashtra)|Soil and Water Conservation]]
| minister1 = [[Indranil Naik]]
| minister1_termstart = 15 December 2024
| minister1_termend =
| minister1_party = Nationalist Congress Party
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title =
Minister of State
*[[Ministry of Home Affairs Government of Maharashtra|Home Affairs]] (Urban)
*[[Ministry of Revenue (Maharashtra)|Revenue]]
*[[Ministry of Rural Development Government of Maharashtra|Rural Development]]
*[[Ministry of Rural Development Government of Maharashtra|Panchayat Raj]]
*[[Ministry of Food, Civil Supplies and Consumer Protection (Maharashtra)|Food and Civil Supplies]]
*[[Ministry of Food, Civil Supplies and Consumer Protection (Maharashtra)|Consumer Affairs]]
*[[Ministry of Food and Drug Administration (Maharashtra)|Food and Drug Administration]]
| minister1 = [[Yogesh Kadam]]
| minister1_termstart = 15 December 2024
| minister1_termend =
| minister1_party = Shiv Sena (2022–present)
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title =
Minister of State
*[[Ministry of General Administration (Maharashtra)|General Administration]]
*[[Ministry of Information Technology (Maharashtra)|Information Technology]]
*[[Ministry of Information and Public Relations (Maharashtra)|Information and Public Relations]]
*[[Ministry of Environment and Climate Change (Maharashtra)|Environment and climate change]]
*[[Ministry of Ex. Servicemen Welfare (Maharashtra)|Ex. Servicemen Welfare]]
*[[Ministry of Majority Welfare Development (Maharashtra)|Majority Welfare Development]]
*[[Ministry of Earthquake Rehabilitation (Maharashtra)|Earthquake Rehabilitation]]
*[[Ministry of Khar Land Development (Maharashtra)|Khar land Development]]
*[[Ministry of Disability Welfare (Maharashtra)|Disability Welfare]]
*[[Ministry of Socially and Educationally Backward Classes (Maharashtra)|Socially and Educationally Backward Classes]]
*[[Ministry of Vimukta Jati (Maharashtra)|Vimukta Jati]]
*[[Ministry of Nomadic Tribes (Maharashtra)|Nomadic Tribes]]
*[[Ministry of Special Backward Classes Welfare (Maharashtra)|Special Backward Classes Welfare]]
*[[Ministry of Water Resources (Maharashtra)|Water Resources]]
*[[Ministry of Command Area Development (Maharashtra)|Command Area Development]]
*[[Ministry of Protocol (Maharashtra)|Protocol]]
*[[Department of Animal Husbandry (Maharashtra)|Animal Husbandry]]
*[[Ministry of Dairy Development (Maharashtra)|Dairy Development]]
*[[Ministry of Forests Department of Maharashtra|Forests Department]]
*[[Ministry of Cultural Affairs (Maharashtra)|Cultural Affairs]]
*[[Ministry of Fisheries Department (Maharashtra)|Fisheries Department]]
*[[Ministry of Textiles (Maharashtra)|Textiles]]
*[[Ministry of Parliamentary Affairs Government of Maharashtra|Parliamentary Affairs]]
*[[Ministry of Employment Guarantee (Maharashtra)|Employment Guarantee]]
*[[Ministry of Horticulture (Maharashtra)|Horticulture]]
*[[Ministry of Marketing (Maharashtra)|Marketing]]
*[[Ministry of Marathi Language|Marathi Language]]
*[[Ministry of Other Backward Classes (Maharashtra)|Other Backward Classes]]
*[[Ministry of Other Backward Classes (Maharashtra)|Other Backward Bahujan Welfare]]
*[[Ministry of State Excise (Maharashtra)|State Excise]]
*State Border Defence
*[[Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship (Maharashtra)|Skill Development And Entrepreneurship]]
*[[Ministry of Special Assistance (Maharashtra)|Special Assistance]]
*[[Ministry of Sports and Youth Welfare (Maharashtra)|Sports and Youth Welfare]]
*[[Ministry of Ports Development (Maharashtra)|Ports Development]]
*[[Ministry of Disaster Management (Maharashtra)|Disaster Management]]
| minister1 = Departments have not been assigned to any Minister of State
| minister1_termstart = 15 December 2024
| minister1_termend =
| minister1_party = Independent politician
}}

|}

==Guardian Ministers ==

{| class="wikitable sortable" border="1"
|-
! District
!Minister
!Took office
!Left office
! colspan="2" |Party
|-
| [[Ahilyanagar district|Ahilya Nagar]]
|[[Radhakrishna Vikhe Patil]]
|18 January 2025
|Incumbent
|{{ party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|[[Akola district|Akola]]
|[[Akash Pandurang Fundkar|Akash Fundkar]]
|18 January 2025
|Incumbent
|{{ party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|[[Amravati district|Amravati]]
|[[Chandrashekhar Bawankule]]
|18 January 2025
|Incumbent
|{{ party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|rowspan="3" |[[Beed district|Beed]]
|[[Ajit Pawar]] (Dy Chief Minister)
|18 January 2025
|28 January 2026
|{{party name with color|Nationalist Congress Party}}
|-
|[[Devendra Fadnavis]] (Chief Minister; additional charge)
|28 January 2026
|3 February 2026
|{{ party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|[[Sunetra Pawar|Sunetra Ajit Pawar]] (Dy Chief Minister)
|3 February 2026
|Incumbent
|{{ party name with color|Nationalist Congress Party}}
|-
|[[Bhandara district|Bhandara]]
|[[Sanjay Savkare]]
|18 January 2025
|Incumbent
|{{ party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|[[Buldhana district|Buldhana]]
|[[Makrand Jadhav]]
|18 January 2025
|Incumbent
|{{party name with color|Nationalist Congress Party}}
|-
|[[Chandrapur district|Chandrapur]]
|[[Ashok Uike]]
|18 January 2025
|Incumbent
|{{ party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|[[Aurangabad|Chhatrapati Sambhaji Nagar]]
|[[Sanjay Shirsat]]
|18 January 2025
|Incumbent
|{{ party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}
|-
| [[Dharashiv district|Dharashiv]]
|[[Pratap Sarnaik]]
|18 January 2025
|Incumbent
|{{ party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}
|-
|[[Dhule district|Dhule]]
|[[Jayakumar Jitendrasinh Rawal|Jayakumar Rawal]]
|18 January 2025
|Incumbent
|{{ party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[Gadchiroli district|Gadchiroli]]
|[[Devendra Fadnavis]] (Chief Minister)
|18 January 2025
|Incumbent
|{{ party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|[[Ashish Jaiswal]] (co-in-charge)
|18 January 2025
|Incumbent
|{{ party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}
|-
|[[Gondia district|Gondia]]
|[[Indranil Naik]]
|18 January 2025
|Incumbent
|{{party name with color|Nationalist Congress Party}}
|-
|[[Hingoli district|Hingoli]]
|[[Narhari Zirwal]]
|18 January 2025
|Incumbent
|{{party name with color|Nationalist Congress Party}}
|-
|[[Jalgaon district|Jalgaon]]
|[[Gulab Raghunath Patil|Gulabrao Patil]]
|18 January 2025
|Incumbent
|{{ party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}
|-
|[[Jalna district|Jalna]]
|[[Pankaja Munde]]
|18 January 2025
|Incumbent
|{{ party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[Kolhapur district|Kolhapur]]
|[[Prakashrao Abitkar]]
|18 January 2025
|Incumbent
|{{ party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}
|-
|[[Madhuri Misal]] (co-in-charge)
|18 January 2025
|Incumbent
|{{ party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|[[Latur district|Latur]]
|[[Shivendra Raje Bhosale]]
|18 January 2025
|Incumbent
|{{ party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|[[Mumbai City district|Mumbai City]]
|[[Eknath Shinde]] (Dy Chief Minister)
|18 January 2025
|Incumbent
|{{ party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[Mumbai Suburban district|Mumbai Suburban]]
|[[Ashish Shelar]]
|18 January 2025
|Incumbent
|{{ party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|[[Mangal Prabhat Lodha]] (co-in-charge)
|18 January 2025
|Incumbent
|{{ party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| [[Nagpur district|Nagpur]]
|[[Chandrashekhar Bawankule]]
|18 January 2025
|Incumbent
|{{ party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| [[Nanded district|Nanded]]
|[[Atul Save]]
|18 January 2025
|Incumbent
|{{ party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| rowspan="3" |[[Nandurbar district|Nandurbar]]
|[[Manikrao Kokate]]
|18 January 2025
|18 December 2025
|{{ party name with color|Nationalist Congress Party}}
|-
|[[Ajit Pawar]] (Dy Chief Minister; additional charge)
|18 December 2025
|28 January 2026
|{{ party name with color|Nationalist Congress Party}}
|-
|[[Devendra Fadnavis]] (Chief Minister; additional charge)
|28 January 2026
|Incumbent
|{{ party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[Nashik district|Nashik]]
|[[Girish Mahajan]]
|18 January 2025
|29 January 2025
|{{ party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|[[Devendra Fadnavis]] (Chief Minister; additional charge)
|29 January 2025
|Incumbent
|{{ party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| [[Palghar district|Palghar]]
|[[Ganesh Naik]]
|18 January 2025
|Incumbent
|{{ party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| [[Parbhani district|Parbhani]]
|[[Meghana Bordikar]]
|18 January 2025
|Incumbent
|{{ party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|rowspan="3" |[[Pune district|Pune]]
|[[Ajit Pawar]] (Dy Chief Minister)
|18 January 2025
|28 January 2026
|{{party name with color|Nationalist Congress Party }}
|-
|[[Devendra Fadnavis]] (Chief Minister; additional charge)
|28 January 2026
|3 February 2026
|{{ party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|[[Sunetra Pawar|Sunetra Ajit Pawar]] (Dy Chief Minister)
|3 February 2026
|Incumbent
|{{ party name with color|Nationalist Congress Party}}
|-
| rowspan="3" |[[Raigad district|Raigad]]
|[[Aditi Tatkare]]
|18 January 2025
|29 January 2025
|{{ party name with color|Nationalist Congress Party}}
|-
|[[Ajit Pawar]] (Dy Chief Minister; additional charge)
|29 January 2025
|28 January 2026
|{{ party name with color|Nationalist Congress Party}}
|-
|[[Devendra Fadnavis]] (Chief Minister; additional charge)
|28 January 2026
|Incumbent
|{{ party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| [[Ratnagiri district|Ratnagiri]]
|[[Uday Samant]]
|18 January 2025
|Incumbent
|{{ party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}
|-
| [[Sangli district|Sangli]]
|[[Chandrakant Patil]]
|18 January 2025
|Incumbent
|{{ party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| [[Satara district|Satara]]
|[[Shambhuraj Desai]]
|18 January 2025
|Incumbent
|{{ party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}
|-
| [[Sindhudurg district|Sindhudurg]]
|[[Nitesh Narayan Rane|Nitesh Rane]]
|18 January 2025
|Incumbent
|{{ party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| [[Solapur district|Solapur]]
|[[Jaykumar Gore]]
|18 January 2025
|Incumbent
|{{ party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| [[Thane district|Thane]]
|[[Eknath Shinde]] (Dy Chief Minister)
|18 January 2025
|Incumbent
|{{ party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}
|-
| [[Wardha district|Wardha]]
|[[Pankaj Rajesh Bhoyar|Pankaj Bhoyar]]
|18 January 2025
|Incumbent
|{{ party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| [[Washim district|Washim]]
|[[Hasan Mushrif]]
|18 January 2025
|Incumbent
|{{party name with color|Nationalist Congress Party }}
|-
|[[Yavatmal district|Yavatmal]]
|[[Sanjay Rathod]]
|18 January 2025
|Incumbent
|{{ party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}
|}

==Former Ministers==

===Former Deputy Chief Minister===
{{Cabinet table start|hiderefcol=y}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title =
Department
*[[Ministry of Finance (Maharashtra)|Minister of Finance]]
*[[Ministry of Planning (Maharashtra)|Minister of Planning]]
*[[Ministry of State Excise (Maharashtra)|Minister for State Excise]]
*[[Ministry of Sports and Youth Welfare (Maharashtra)|Minister of Sports & Youth Welfare]] {{small|(17 December 2025 - 28 January 2026 additional charge)}}
*[[Ministry of Minority Development and Aukaf (Maharashtra)|Minister of Minority Development & Aukaf]] {{small|(17 December 2025 - 28 January 2026 additional charge)}}
Guardian Minister
*[[Beed District]]
*[[Pune District]]
*[[Raigad District]] {{small|(additional charge}})
*[[Nandurbar District]] {{small|(additional charge)}}
| minister1 = [[Ajit Pawar]] ([[List of deputy chief ministers of Maharashtra|Dy Chief Minister]])
| minister1_termstart = 5 December 2024
| minister1_termend = 28 January 2026 (died)
| minister1_party = Nationalist Congress Party}}
|}

===Former Cabinet Ministers===
{{Cabinet table start|hiderefcol=y}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title =
Department
*[[Ministry of Food, Civil Supplies and Consumer Protection (Maharashtra)|Minister of Food and Civil Supplies]]
*[[Ministry of Food, Civil Supplies and Consumer Protection (Maharashtra)|Minister of Consumer Affairs]]
| minister1 = [[Dhananjay Munde]] (Cabinet Minister)
| minister1_termstart = 15 December 2024
| minister1_termend = 4 March 2025 (resigned)
| minister1_party = Nationalist Congress Party}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title =
Department
*[[Ministry of Agriculture (Maharashtra)|Minister of Agriculture]] {{small|(15 December 2024 - 31 July 2025)}}
*[[Ministry of Sports and Youth Welfare (Maharashtra)|Minister of Sports & Youth Welfare]] {{small|(31 July 2025 - 17 December 2025)}}
*[[Ministry of Minority Development and Aukaf (Maharashtra)|Minister of Minority Development & Aukaf]] {{small|(31 July 2025 - 17 December 2025)}}
Guardian Minister
*[[Nandurbar District]]
| minister1 = [[Manikrao Kokate]] (Cabinet Minister)
| minister1_termstart = 15 December 2024
| minister1_termend = 17 December 2025 (resigned)
| minister1_party = Nationalist Congress Party }}
|}

==Demographics of the Council of Ministers==
{| class="wikitable sortable" border=1
|-
! District
!No. of Ministers
!Ministers
|-
| [[Ahmednagar district|Ahilya Nagar]]
|1
|[[Radhakrishna Vikhe Patil]]
|-
|[[Akola district|Akola]]
|
|
|-
|[[Amravati district|Amravati]]
|
|
|-
|[[Beed district|Beed]]
|1
|[[Pankaja Munde]]
|-
|[[Bhandara district|Bhandara]]
|
|
|-
|[[Buldhana district|Buldhana]]
|1
|[[Akash Pandurang Fundkar|Akash Fundkar]]
|-
|[[Chandrapur district|Chandrapur]]
|
|
|-
|[[Aurangabad district, Maharashtra|Chhatrapati Sambhaji Nagar]]
|2
|[[Atul Save]] [[Sanjay Shirsat]]
|-
| [[Osmanabad district|Dharashiv]]
|
|
|-
|[[Dhule district|Dhule]]
|1
|[[Jayakumar Jitendrasinh Rawal|Jayakumar Rawal]]
|-
|[[Gadchiroli district|Gadchiroli]]
|
|
|-
|[[Gondia district|Gondia]]
|
|
|-
|[[Hingoli district|Hingoli]]
|
|
|-
|[[Jalgaon district|Jalgaon]]
|3
|[[Girish Mahajan]] [[Gulab Raghunath Patil|Gulabrao Patil]] [[Sanjay Savkare]]
|-
|[[Jalna district|Jalna]]
|
|
|-
|[[Kolhapur district|Kolhapur]]
|2
|[[Hasan Mushrif]] [[Prakashrao Abitkar]]
|-
|[[Latur district|Latur]]
|1
|[[Babasaheb Mohanrao Patil|Babasaheb Patil]]
|-
|[[Mumbai City district|Mumbai City]]
|1
|[[Mangal Prabhat Lodha]]
|-
|[[Mumbai Suburban district|Mumbai Suburban]]
|1
|[[Ashish Shelar]]
|-
| [[Nagpur district|Nagpur]]
|3
|[[Devendra Fadnavis]] ({{Small|[[Chief Minister of Maharashtra|Chief Minister]]}}) [[Chandrashekhar Bawankule]] [[Ashish Jaiswal]]
|-
| [[Nanded district|Nanded]]
|
|
|-
| [[Nandurbar district|Nandurbar]]
|
|
|-
| [[Nashik district|Nashik]]
|4
|[[Dadaji Bhuse]] [[Manikrao Kokate]] [[Narhari Zirwal]]
[[Chhagan Bhujbal]]
|-
| [[Palghar district|Palghar]]
|
|
|-
| [[Parbhani district|Parbhani]]
|1
|[[Meghana Bordikar]]
|-
|[[Pune district|Pune]]
|4
|[[Sunetra Pawar]] [[Chandrakant Patil]] [[Dattatray Vithoba Bharne|Dattatray Bharne]] [[Madhuri Misal]]
|-
| [[Raigad district|Raigad]]
|2
|[[Aditi Tatkare]] [[Bharatshet Gogawale]]
|-
| [[Ratnagiri district|Ratnagiri]]
|2
|[[Uday Samant]] [[Yogesh Kadam]]
|-
| [[Sangli district|Sangli]]
|
|
|-
| [[Satara district|Satara]]
|4
|[[Shambhuraj Desai]] [[Shivendra Raje Bhosale]] [[Jaykumar Gore]] [[Makrand Jadhav - Patil]]
|-
| [[Sindhudurg district|Sindhudurg]]
|1
|[[Nitesh Rane]]
|-
| [[Solapur district|Solapur]]
|
|
|-
| [[Thane district|Thane]]
|3
|[[Eknath Shinde]] [[Ganesh Naik]] [[Pratap Sarnaik]]
|-
| [[Wardha district|Wardha]]
|1
|[[Pankaj Rajesh Bhoyar|Pankaj Bhoyar]]
|-
| [[Washim district|Washim]]
|
|
|-
|[[Yavatmal district|Yavatmal]]
|3
|[[Sanjay Rathod]] [[Ashok Uike]] [[Indranil Naik]]
|-
! Total
!42
!
|}

== References ==

=== Notes ===
{{Notelist}}

=== Sources ===
{{Reflist}}

{{Maharashtra state government ministries}}
{{Current Indian ministries}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Fadnavis Third ministry}}
[[Category:Lists of current Indian state and territorial ministries]]
[[Category:2024 establishments in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Maharashtra ministries]]
[[Category:Indian ministries established in 2024|Fadnavis III]]
[[Category:Nationalist Congress Party]]
[[Category:Shiv Sena]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party state ministries of Maharashtra|Fadnavis III]]

Sikkimese Bhutia language

2026-03-21T15:43:10Z

EloyNoble34: added new info

{{Short description|Tibetic language of Nepal and India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2016}}
{{Infobox language
| name = Sikkimese
| altname = Drenjongké, Lhoke, Sikkimese Bhutia, Bhutia
| nativename = {{bo-textonly|འབྲས་ལྗོངས་སྐད་}} ''bras ljongs skad''
| region = [[India]] [[Sikkim]], [[Nepal]] ([[Koshi Province]]), and [[Bhutan]]
| image = File:Sikkimese.png
| image_class = skin-invert-image
| imagecaption =
| ethnicity = [[Bhutia]]
| speakers = {{sigfig|25,000|2}}
| date = 2019
| ref = <ref>{{e28|sip}}</ref>
| familycolor = Sino-Tibetan
| fam2 = [[Tibeto-Burman languages|Tibeto-Burman]]
| fam3 = [[Tibeto-Kanauri languages|Tibeto-Kanauri]] (?)
| fam4 = [[Bodish languages|Bodish]]
| fam5 = [[Tibetic languages|Tibetic]]
| fam6 = Dzongkha–Lhokä
| script = [[Tibetan script]]
| nation = {{IND}}
* [[Sikkim]]
| iso3 = sip
| glotto = sikk1242
| glottorefname = Bhutia
| notice = IPA
}}
{{Contains special characters|Tibetan}}

The '''Sikkimese Bhutia language''' ({{bo|t=འབྲས་ལྗོངས་སྐད་|w='bras ljongs skad}}, [[THL Simplified Phonetic Transcription|THL]]: {{translit|sip|dren jong ké}}, {{IPA|bo|ɖɛ̀n dʑòŋ ké}}; 'rice valley language')<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Mazaudon |first1=Martine |title=Prosodic Analysis and Asian Linguistics: To Honour R.K. Sprigg |last2=Michailovsky |first2=Boyd |publisher=Pacific Linguistics |year=1989 |isbn=978-0-85883-389-0 |editor-last=Bradley |editor-first=David |location=Canberra |chapter=Lost Syllables and Tone Contour in Dzongkha (Bhutan) |editor-last2=Henderson |editor-first2=Eugénie J. A. |editor-last3=Mazaudon |editor-first3=Martine |chapter-url=https://openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au/server/api/core/bitstreams/d80fe3f2-2a04-4afe-a52f-4581f78d30b1/content |pages=115–136}}</ref> is a [[Sino-Tibetan languages|Sino-Tibetan]] language spoken by the [[Bhutia]] people of the Indian state of [[Sikkim]] and parts of [[Koshi Province|Koshi province]] in eastern [[Nepal]], and [[Bhutan]]. It is one of the official languages of Sikkim.

The Bhutia refer to their own language as '''Drendzongké''' (also spelled ''Drenjongké'', ''Dranjoke'', ''Denjongka'', ''Denzongpeke'' or ''Denzongke'') and their homeland as Drendzong ({{bo|t=འབྲས་ལྗོངས་|w='bras-ljongs}}, 'Rice Valley').<ref name=SIL>{{cite web|url=http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=sip |title=Bhutia |editor=Lewis, M. Paul |year=2009 |work=[[Ethnologue]]: Languages of the World |edition=16 |location=[[Dallas, Texas]] |publisher=[[SIL International]] |access-date=16 April 2011}}</ref> Up until 1975, Sikkimese was not a written language. After gaining Indian statehood, the language was introduced as a school subject in Sikkim and the written language was developed.<ref name="Yliniemi-2021">{{Cite journal |last=Yliniemi |first=Juha Sakari |date=2021-11-18 |title=A descriptive grammar of Denjongke |url=https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6xs3r33s |journal=Himalayan Linguistics |volume=20 |issue=1 |doi=10.5070/H920146466 |s2cid=244424106 |issn=1544-7502|doi-access=free }}</ref>

==Script==
{{Main|Tibetan script}}

Sikkimese is written using [[Tibetan script|Sambhota script]] and Zhang Yeshe De Script, which it inherited from [[Classical Tibetan]]. Sikkimese phonology and lexicon differ markedly from Classical Tibetan, however. [[SIL International]] thus describes the Sikkimese writing system as "Bodhi style". According to SIL, 68% of Bhutia were literate in the Tibetan script in 2001.<ref name=SIL/><ref name=BOT1/><ref name=thesis/>

==History of written form ==
Sikkimese belongs to the Sino-Tibetan language family, and more specifically, is classified as a [[Tibetic languages|Tibetic]] language, descending from Old Tibetan.<ref name="Yliniemi-2021" /> For most of the language's existence Sikkimese was an oral language, and it was not until 1975 when Sikkim became a part of India that a written language was developed. Until this point, Classical Tibetan was the primary mode for writing. After Indian statehood, Sikkimese was one of the many minority languages in the region to be taught in schools over the next few years. As a result of this, a written language was developed, adopting a modified version of the Tibetan script. The first literary materials were school books translated from Tibetan, and in the following years original works would be authored, including novels, poetry, and plays.<ref name="Yliniemi-2021" /> While the total number of bhutia authors number approximately 30, the language continues to be used in different media. As of 2021, currently one active newspaper exists, with another paper that has plans to begin printing again. Moreover, in the last 2 decades multiple dictionaries have been published. Finally, the "Bhutia Language Website Development Committee" plans to launch an informational website about the language and peoples in the future.<ref name="Yliniemi-2021" />

==Sikkim and its neighbours==
Speakers of Sikkimese can understand some [[Dzongkha]], with a lexical similarity of 65% between the two languages. By comparison, [[Standard Tibetan]], however, is only 42% lexically similar. Sikkimese has also been influenced to some degree by the neighbouring [[Yolmo language|Yolmo]]wa and [[Tamang language]]s.<ref name=SIL/><ref name=BOT1>{{cite web|url=http://himalaya.socanth.cam.ac.uk/collections/journals/bot/pdf/bot_1995_01_25.pdf |first=S. |last=Norboo |title=The Bhutia |work=Bulletin of Tibetology |pages=114–115 |publisher=Namgyal Institute of Tibetology |location=[[Gangtok]] |year=1995}}</ref>

Due to more than a century of close contact with speakers of [[Nepali language|Nepali]] and [[Standard Tibetan|Tibetan proper]], many Sikkimese speakers also use these languages in daily life.<ref name=SIL/>

==Dialects==
Dialects are for the most part quite [[Mutual intelligibility|mutually intelligible]] in Sikkimese as most differences that exist are minor. One big difference, however, is the lack of [[Honorifics (linguistics)|honorifics]] in some Northern villages, discussed in more detail in a separate section below.<ref name="Yliniemi-2021"/> Also occurring in these villages are the largest dialectal differences in pronunciation and vocabulary. In the area of Bhutan closest to Sikkim, Sikkimese speakers can understand Northern varieties of Sikkimese much more easily than they can varieties from West Sikkim. It is a local belief that the people in these Northern villages originated from this same area in Bhutan.<ref name="Yliniemi-2021" />

==Phonology==

===Phonology introduction===
Sikkimese a total of eight vowels and 43 consonants in its inventory. Words in Sikkimese can be split into high or low register based on voice quality and pitch. The register of Sikkimese words can often be predicted based on their starting phoneme, but not always, such as if a word begins with a vowel or voiced nasal. Due to the unpredictability of some of the registers and the fact that phonetic differentiation of registers is achieved largely through pitch, Sikkimese can be considered a tone language. However, tone does not play as large a functional role in the language as in other well-known tone languages.<ref name="A PHONETIC ANALYSIS OF DRENJONGKE">{{Cite journal |last1=Namgyal |first1=Kunzang |last2=Lee |first2=Seunghun J. |last3=van Driem |first3=George |author-link3=George van Driem |last4=Kawahara |first4=Shigeto |year=2020 |title=A Phonetic Analysis of Drenjongke: A First Critical Assessment |url=https://www.isw.unibe.ch/unibe/portal/fak_historisch/dsl/isw/content/e41142/e41180/e523709/e1071259/2020g_ger.pdf |journal=Indian Linguistics |publisher=Linguistic Society of India |volume=81 |issue=1–2 |pages=1–14 |doi=10.48350/156142}}</ref>

===Consonants===
All consonants happen word-initially with the exception of the glottal /ʔ/. Voiceless nasals and liquids actually don't occur at all. Aspiration is reduced when it comes to the word-medial position and the breathy series of consonants.<ref name="A PHONETIC ANALYSIS OF DRENJONGKE" />

Below is a chart of Sikkimese consonants, largely following Yliniemi (2005) and van Driem (1992).<ref name="thesis">{{cite thesis |degree=Masters, General Linguistics |title=Preliminary Phonological Analysis of Denjongka of Sikkim |url=https://helda.helsinki.fi/bitstream/handle/10138/19355/prelimin.pdf?sequence=2 |last=Yliniemi |first=Juha |year=2005 |publisher=[[University of Helsinki]] |access-date=17 April 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140809194318/https://helda.helsinki.fi/bitstream/handle/10138/19355/prelimin.pdf?sequence=2 |archive-date=9 August 2014 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
! colspan="2" |
! [[Labial consonant|Labial]]
! [[Dental consonant|Dental]]/ [[alveolar consonant|Alveolar]]
! [[Retroflex consonant|Retroflex]]
! ([[Alveolo-palatal consonant|Alveolo-]]) [[Palatal consonant|Palatal]]
! [[Velar consonant|Velar]]
! [[Glottal consonant|Glottal]]
|-
! rowspan="2" | [[Nasal consonant|Nasal]]
! voiceless
| || {{IPA link|n̥}} {{angbr|{{bo-textonly|ན}} n}} || || || {{IPA link|ŋ̊}} {{angbr|{{bo-textonly|ང}} ng}} ||
|-
! voiced
| {{IPA link|m}} {{angbr|{{bo-textonly|མ}} m}} || {{IPA link|n}} {{angbr|{{bo-textonly|ན}} n}} || || {{IPA link|n}}~{{IPA link|ɲ}} {{angbr|{{bo-textonly|ཉ}} ny}} ||{{IPA link|ŋ}} {{angbr|{{bo-textonly|ང}} ng}} ||
|-
! rowspan="4" | [[Stop consonant|Plosive]]
! voiceless unaspirated
| {{IPA link|p}} {{angbr|{{bo-textonly|པ}} p}} || {{IPA link|t}} {{angbr|{{bo-textonly|ཏ}} t}} || {{IPA link|ʈ}} {{angbr|{{bo-textonly|ཏྲ}} tr}} || || {{IPA link|k}} {{angbr|{{bo-textonly|ཀ}} k}} || {{IPA link|ʔ}} {{angbr|{{bo-textonly|འ}} ʔ}}
|-
! voiceless aspirated
| {{IPA link|pʰ}} {{angbr|{{bo-textonly|ཕ}} ph}} || {{IPA link|tʰ}} {{angbr|{{bo-textonly|ཐ}} th}} || {{IPA link|ʈʰ}} {{angbr|{{bo-textonly|ཐྲ}} thr}} || || {{IPA link|kʰ}} {{angbr|{{bo-textonly|ཁ}} kh}} ||
|-
! voiced
| {{IPA link|b}} {{angbr|{{bo-textonly|བ}} b}} || {{IPA link|d}} {{angbr|{{bo-textonly|ད}} d}} || {{IPA link|ɖ}} {{angbr|{{bo-textonly|དྲ}} dr}} || || {{IPA link|ɡ}} {{angbr|{{bo-textonly|ག}} g}} ||
|-
! devoiced
| {{IPA link|p̀ʱ~b̀ɦ}} {{angbr|{{bo-textonly|བ}} p'}} || {{IPA link|t̀ʱ~d̀ɦ}} {{angbr|{{bo-textonly|ད}} t'}} || {{IPA link|ʈ̀ʱ~ɖ̀ɦ}} {{angbr|{{bo-textonly|དྲ}} tr'}} || || {{IPA link|k̀ʱ~g̀ɦ}} {{angbr|{{bo-textonly|ག}} k'}} ||
|-
! rowspan="4" | [[Affricate consonant|Affricate]]
! voiceless unaspirated
| || {{IPA link|ts}} {{angbr|{{bo-textonly|ཙ}} ts}} || || {{IPA link|tɕ}} {{angbr|{{bo-textonly|ཅ}} c}} || ||
|-
! voiceless aspirated
| || {{IPA link|tsʰ}} {{angbr|{{bo-textonly|ཚ}} tsh}} || || {{IPA link|tɕʰ}} {{angbr|{{bo-textonly|ཆ}} ch}} || ||
|-
! voiced
| || {{IPA link|dz}} {{angbr|{{bo-textonly|ཛ}} dz}} || || {{IPA link|dʑ}} {{angbr|{{bo-textonly|ཇ}} j}} || ||
|-
! devoiced
| || || || {{IPA link|tɕ̀ʱ~dʑ̀ɦ}} {{angbr|{{bo-textonly|ཇ}} c'}} || ||
|-
! rowspan="2" | [[Fricative consonant|Fricative]]
! voiceless
| || {{IPA link|s}} {{angbr|{{bo-textonly|ས}} s}} || || {{IPA link|ɕ}} {{angbr|{{bo-textonly|ཤ}} sh}} || || {{IPA link|h}} {{angbr|{{bo-textonly|ཧ}} h}}
|-
! voiced
| || {{IPA link|z}} {{angbr|{{bo-textonly|ཟ}} z}} || || {{IPA link|ʑ}} {{angbr|{{bo-textonly|ཞ}} zh}} || ||
|-
! rowspan="2" | [[Liquid consonant|Liquid]]
! voiceless
| || {{IPA link|l̥}} {{angbr|{{bo-textonly|ལ}} l}} || {{IPA link|r̥}} {{angbr|{{bo-textonly|ར}} r}} || || ||
|-
! voiced
| || {{IPA link|l}} {{angbr|{{bo-textonly|ལ}} l}} || {{IPA link|r}}~{{IPA link|ɹ}}~{{IPA link|ɾ}} {{angbr|{{bo-textonly|ར}} r}} || || ||
|-
! colspan="2" | [[Approximant consonant|Approximant]]
| {{IPA link|w}} {{angbr|{{bo-textonly|ཝ}} w}} || || || {{IPA link|j}} {{angbr|{{bo-textonly|ཡ}} y}} || {{IPA link|w}} {{angbr|{{bo-textonly|ཝ}} w}} ||
|}

Devoiced consonants are pronounced with a slight [[breathy voice]], [[aspirated consonant|aspiration]], and low [[pitch accent|pitch]]. They are remnants of voiced consonants in [[Classical Tibetan]] that became devoiced. Likewise, the historical Tibetan phoneme /ny/ is realised as an allophone of /n/ and /ng/, which themselves have mostly lost contrast among speakers.<ref name=thesis/>

====Plosives and affricates====
Plosives and affricates contrast in four distinct ways and it only occurs in the word-initial position. The four contrast ways are voiceless unaspirated, voiced, voiceless heavily aspirated, and voiceless lightly with a breathy voice and aspirated inconsistently. Anything that falls in the word-medial position has a three-way contrast, which are voiced, voiceless aspirated, and voiceless unaspirated. However, aspiration when it comes to the word-medial position is dwindled down as well as dialectal variation. Just the voiceless unaspirated contrast of /p/, /k/ and /ʔ/ can happen in the word-final position and these are mostly produced as an unreleased [p̚] and velar alternating with the glottal stop [k]~[ʔ]. The glottal stop, also being an allophone of word-final /k/, contrasts with non-glottal endings. One interesting phonetic feature is that voiced stops fricatives word-medially. Something else that is interesting is that when these are pronounced in isolation, voiced stops are either prevoiced or pre-nasalized. Some prenasalized onsets are voiced pretty much throughout but there are some that have a brief moment of weak voicing followed by a voiceless release.<ref name="A PHONETIC ANALYSIS OF DRENJONGKE" />

====Bilabial plosives====
There is only one known geminate, which refers to consisting of similar adjacent sounds especially in consonants, and that is /bb/. This happens when the equative bɛʔ and the infinitive marker -po/bo combines to become -bbɛʔ. The rest of bilabial plosives are as follows: voiced labio-velar approximant, voiceless aspirated bilabial plosive, voiceless unaspirated bilabial plosive, voiceless unreleased bilabial plosive, voiced bilabial fricative, voiceless bilabial fricative, voiced bilabial plosive, and voiceless lightly but not consistent aspirated bilabial plosive followed by breathiness.<ref name="A PHONETIC ANALYSIS OF DRENJONGKE" />

====Dento-alveolar plosives and affricates====
Dento-Alveolar plosives and affricates are produced with the tongue touching the alveolar ridge and the back of the upper teeth. The following are classified as dento-alveolar: voiceless dental fricative, voiceless unaspirated dento-alveolar laminal plosive, voiced dento-alveolar laminal plosive, voiceless aspirated dento-alveolar laminal plosive, and voiceless lightly not consistent aspirated dento-alveolar plosive followed by breathiness. All can be found in the word-initial position.<ref name="A PHONETIC ANALYSIS OF DRENJONGKE" />

====Postalveolar plosives====
The following are also known as "retroflex" even though the tongue is not curled backwards as strongly. They are as follows: voiceless unaspirated postalveolar apical plosive, voiceless aspirated postalveolar apical plosive, voiced postalveolar apical plosive, voiced alveolar flap, and voiceless lightly but not consistent aspirated postalveolar apical plosive followed by breathiness.<ref name="A PHONETIC ANALYSIS OF DRENJONGKE" />

====Glottal stop====
The glottal stop differs from glottal vowel endings and the final /k/ [k̚]~[ʔ] because the glottal stop is only phonemic in the word-final position. It also differs in the high and low register because it only happens in the high register and it is considered a phonetic feature of initial vowels. Yet, although the glottal stop is considered phonemic in the word-final position, it still is not really under that status clearly. That is because the production of final glottals in continuous speech crosses over with vowel length. Vowel length happens as a separate occurrence from glottal stops. Words that end in a glottal stop vary in production length. In continuous speech however, they are mostly produced with a long vowel with no glottal stop. The glottal stop also increases vowel quality within back vowels, much like vowel length. A phonetic glottal stop can also happen when it accompanies an utterance-final nasalized vowel.<ref name="A PHONETIC ANALYSIS OF DRENJONGKE" />

====Fricatives and central approximants====
There are a total of five fricatives in bhutia, which are /s, z, ɕ, ʑ, h/. The /j/ is the only central approximant. This central approximant /j/ happen in the high and low registers along with the voiceless fricatives /s, ɕ/ which provide evidence that Denjongke has tonal contrasts. /h/ in the high register contrasts with initial vowels and those have intrinsic phonetic initials, otherwise known as glottal initials. However, low register initial vowels just have an intrinsic initial which do not contrast with other glottal initials.<ref name="A PHONETIC ANALYSIS OF DRENJONGKE" />

=====Nasals=====
In total, there are eight nasals in Denjongke: /m/, /n/, /ɲ/, /ŋ/, /m̥/, /n̥/, /ɲ̥/, and /ŋ̊/. The first four are voiced and the last four are voiceless. Quite a few Denjongke speakers produce voiceless nasals in a similar way they produce voiced nasals that fall in the high register. Voiceless nasals occur only word-initially, whereas voiced nasals occur word-initially, medially, and finally.<ref name="A PHONETIC ANALYSIS OF DRENJONGKE" />

======Liquids======
There are two lateral approximants in Denjongke, one is the voiceless /l̥/ and the other is the voiced /l/. In regular conversation, the final /l/ is produced as a vowel lengthening and fronting and also only happens in reading and spelling-style pronunciation. All the laterals are word-medially voiced.<ref name="A PHONETIC ANALYSIS OF DRENJONGKE" />

====Sentence structure and syllable structure====
Denjongke's syllable structure follow's CV(V/C) or (C) (G) V (C/V) where C stands for consonant, V stands for vowel, and G stands for glide. Denjongke is a verb-final language, and their sentence structure follows SOV or subject-verb-object order, similar to languages such as Japanese and Korean. Although the glide is /j/ most of the time, it can sometimes be an /r/ pronounced as [r], which is called a marginal glide. Not all varieties of Bhutia have this feature. Glides might follow bilabial and velar stops as well as the bilabial nasal /m/. There is also a mandatory vowel that can be preceded by plenty of consonant phonemes and any vowel can fill that position in as long or short vowels. The vowels /i/ and /u/ are the ones that typically go in the second vowel position. The last consonant position can be a plosive, a rhotic, or a nasal.<ref name="A PHONETIC ANALYSIS OF DRENJONGKE" />
{| class="wikitable"
|+
|Open Syllables
|V
VV

CV

CVV

CGV

CGVV
|-
|Closed Syllables
|VC
CVC

CGVC
|}

====Register, pitch, and tone====
High and low are the two registers in the bhutia language. Both have many features. The high register produces a creaky or stiff voice when producing vowels. The high register also produces a high pitch. Voiceless and aspirated consonants happen in the high register. In the low register, a low pitch is produced along with a modal or breathy voice when producing vowels. The low register is also used when producing voiced and breathy consonants.<ref name="A PHONETIC ANALYSIS OF DRENJONGKE" />

===Vowels===
The following are the Sikkimese vowels, there are 13 of them: ɛː, ɛ, eː, a, aː, o, oː, øː, yː u, uː, i, and iː. For the following explanations, the terms "short" and "long" refer to the vowel lengthening. In the front-short position are i and ɛ. In the front-long position are iː, yː, øː, ɛː, and eː. The only vowel in the middle-short position is a and the only one in the middle-long position is aː. The vowels in the back-short position are u and o. The vowels in the back-long positions are uː and oː. Due to the complexity of Sikkimese, it has been deemed difficult to analyze vowels on a much deeper level since there are different varieties of Sikkimese spoken in Northern and Eastern Sikkim. One of those varieties is the pronunciation of /a/ and /o/ being neutralized before the phoneme /ŋ/. Another variation is that the short /i/ vowel is usually pronounced as [ɪ] on a lower register rather than the long vowel /iː/ [iː] which is already quite low. One final variation is that although /ɛ/ and /ɛː/ are listed as short and long vowels respectively, they still fall under the same F1 hertz category, which is the frequency that is produced when saying these vowels.<ref name="A PHONETIC ANALYSIS OF DRENJONGKE" />

Below is a chart of Sikkimese vowels, also largely following Yliniemi (2005).<ref name=thesis/>

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
!
!colspan=2| [[Front vowel|Front]] !! [[Central vowel|Middle]] !! [[Back vowel|Back]]
|-
!
! unrounded || rounded
! unrounded || rounded
|-
! [[Close vowel|Close]]
| {{IPAslink|i}} {{angbr|{{bo-textonly|ི}} i}} || {{IPAslink|y}} {{angbr|{{bo-textonly|ུ}} u}} || || {{IPAslink|u}} {{angbr|{{bo-textonly|ུ}} u}}
|-
! [[Mid vowel|Mid]]
| {{IPAslink|e}} {{angbr|{{bo-textonly|ེ}} e}} || {{IPAslink|ø}} {{angbr|{{bo-textonly|ོ}} o}} || || {{IPAslink|o}} {{angbr|{{bo-textonly|ོ}} o}}
|-
! [[Open vowel|Open]]
| {{IPAblink|ɛ}} {{angbr|{{bo-textonly|ེ}} e}} || || {{IPAslink|ɐ}} {{angbr|{{bo-textonly|}}a}} ||
|}

* {{IPAblink|ɛ}} is an allophone of {{IPAblink|e}}, confined to appearing after {{IPAblink|dʑ}} /j/ in closed syllables
{{Notelist}}

In the [[Tibetan script]], an [[abugida]], the inherent vowel /a/ is unmarked.

==Language vocabulary==

===Names===
First names are typically two disyllabic words, and are heavily influenced by the day of the week (a child was born), planetary words, and Buddhism. Names can also belong exclusively to one gender, or be gender-neutral.<ref name="Yliniemi-2021" /> In official documents last names are used and vary in origin. Some may use clan names, while others use names that exist for a group of people or region, such as "Denjongpa/Denjongpo", meaning "Rice valley Dwellers" in Tibetan languages. There are also a small number of villages who use last names derived from their respective village name.<ref name="Yliniemi-2021" />

===Colors===
There are only five basic words for colors in bhutia, with words for red, yellow, white, black, and blue/green.<ref name="Yliniemi-2021" /> The last color listed can be difficult for bhutia speakers in English translation, as the word represents a very large spectrum, encompassing, for example, both tree leaf green and sky blue. While there are words that describe this range more specifically, they are of (Classical) Tibetan origin and do not see regular use.<ref name="Yliniemi-2021" />

Other colors, specific shades of colors, and qualities of color like paleness, darkness and brightness are represented by using the basic color terms with word compounding or suffixation.<ref name="Yliniemi-2021" />

===Honorifics===
There are different forms of many nouns, pronouns, and verbs varying in politeness and respect, and whose use depends on the relationship between the addresser and addressee, and/or how the speaker perceives the addressee. Typically there are two different groupings, with the lower group being considered common and simple, and the latter honorific. For example, there are three levels of the second person pronoun; the low level may be used with social inferiors or friends, the mid level with social equals, and the honorific with social superiors.<ref name="Yliniemi-2021" />

There are also a small number of villages that do not generally use honorifics, using the low-level second person pronoun even with strangers. The lack of honorifics is perceived by most speakers as vulgar and offensive, while the use of honorifics is perceived by these villagers as "too slow and wordy". This may be exemplified by the translated sentence "Where are you going?". With honorifics the sentence takes eight syllables, and without, just three. Overall the use of honorifics is associated with one's speaking ability and language skills.<ref name="Yliniemi-2021" />

==Differences in spoken and written language==
While the spoken and written language are similar, there are some minor differences. Notable types of change are phonological reduction/modification, as well as morphosyntactic reduction. Some morphosyntactic changes include the dropping of [[Case marker|case-markers]] in certain contexts. Examples that have been observed include noun modifiers losing the [[Genitive case|genitive]] marker, and the dropping of case marking in directionals.<ref name="Yliniemi-2021" /> Both literary and spoken variants borrow from related or influential languages. The written language most often borrows Tibetan loan words, especially for words or concepts that may otherwise not yet be standardized in Denjongke. Because of this, non-literate speakers may have difficulty with these loan words. Conversely, the spoken language borrows more from neighboring Nepali as well as English. Spoken language is more likely to be [[Code-switching|code switched]] with these than in written language.<ref name="Yliniemi-2021" />

==Noun phrases and constituents==

===Noun phrases===
Noun phrases are made up of nouns with their proceeding or following modifiers, proforms much like pronouns, demonstrative words, and nominalized clauses. The order in which noun modifiers follow is (demonstrative) + noun + adjective + numeral + (demonstrative). Whenever the quantity of a noun is specified, the noun is not pluralized. It would like something like "sister three" rather than "sisters three". Nouns, adjectives, postposition phrases, noun compliment clauses, and relative clauses can all be considered genitive-marked noun modifiers.

==Word classes==

===Nouns===
Nouns in Denjongke have two forms: a proper form and an ordinary form. The ordinary form is used in common day-to-day speech between friends and family, while the proper form is used in more formal situations. Most Denjongke speakers do not know every form of these nouns, but knowing the formal form shows proficiency in the language. These two forms can be formed by adding a certain suffix or prefix, but others have a completely different spelling. Most nouns have one or two syllables, compound words, though still nouns, may have three or more syllables.

===Verbs===
Verbs in Denjongke show a state of being, feeling, or describe the happenings of events. Most verbs carry one syllable to help differentiate themselves from adjectives, and also carry two forms, the proper and ordinary forms.

===Adjectives===
Adjectives vary from two to three syllables in order to, as forementioned above, help tell the difference between a verb and an adjective. It is often hard to tell the difference between a verb and an adjective because they both end in "-bo" or "-po".

==See also==
* [[Bhutia|Bhutia people]]
* [[Lepcha people]]
* [[Lepcha language]]
* [[Indigenous peoples of Sikkim]]
* [[History of Sikkim]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
{{wiktionary category|Bhutia language}}
{{incubator|sip}}
* {{cite book |title=The Grammar of Dzongkha |version=4th ed.: Revised and Expanded, with a Guide to Roman Dzongkha and to Phonological Dzongkha |last1=Tshering |author-link= |first1=Karma |last2=van Driem |first2=George |author-link2=George van Driem  |date=2019 |publisher=Himalayan Linguistics, University of California at Santa Barbara |volume=7  |url=https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1h4211k0 |doi=10.5070/H918144245 |isbn=978-0-578-50750-7 |quote=The present revised and expanded grammar of Dzongkha supersedes the earlier 1992 and 1998 English editions and the 2014 French edition of our Dzongkha language textbook. The grammar lessons in our Dzongkha language textbook have over the years appealed to an international readership eager to acquire a working command of Dzongkha, and this new textbook has been augmented with appendices in order better to serve our Bhutanese readership as well.}}
* {{cite book | author=Yliniemi, Juha | title=A descriptive grammar of Denjongke (Bhutia Bhutia) | publisher=University of Helsinki | year=2019 | isbn=978-951-51-5138-4 | url=http://urn.fi/URN:ISBN:978-951-51-5139-1 | type=Ph.D. thesis }}
* {{cite book | author1=Lee, Seunghun J. |author2=Hwang, H.K. |author3=Monou, T. |author4=Kawahara, S. |title=6th International Symposium on Tonal Aspects of Languages (TAL 2018) |chapter=The phonetic realization of tonal contrast in Dränjongke | year = 2018 | pages=217–221 | doi=10.21437/TAL.2018-44| s2cid = 52209330 }}
* {{cite journal | author1= Lee, Seunghun J. |author2=S. Kawahara | author3=C. Guillemot |author4=T. Monou | year = 2019 | title = Acoustics of the four-way laryngeal contrast in Drenjongke (Bhutia): Observations and implications | journal = 音声研究 | volume = Journal of the Phonetic Society of Japan |issue= 23(1) | pages=65–75 | doi=10.24467/onseikenkyu.23.0_65}}

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[[Category:South Bodish languages]]
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Tashkent Declaration

2026-03-19T06:59:47Z

EloyNoble34: added references

{{short description|Peace agreement ending the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2019}}
{{EngvarB|date=October 2019}}
{{Infobox treaty
| name = Tashkent Declaration
| long_name =
| rep =
| image = Ayub Khan (ex-president Pakistan), Ayub Khan (links) en Kosygin, Bestanddeelnr 925-3209.jpg
| image_width = 250px
| image_alt = 
| caption = [[Ayub Khan (President of Pakistan)|Muhammad Ayub Khan]] and [[Alexei Kosygin]] at [[Tashkent]] during the Tashkent negotiations
| type = Peace treaty
| context = [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1965]]
| date_drafted =
| date_signed = {{Start date and age|df=yes|1966|01|10}}
| location_signed = [[Tashkent]], [[Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic|Uzbek SSR]], [[Soviet Union]]
| date_sealed =
| date_effective =
| condition_effective =
| date_expiry =
| mediators = {{flagdeco|Soviet Union}} [[Alexei Kosygin]]
| signatories =
{{nowrap|{{flagdeco|India}} [[Lal Bahadur Shastri]]}} {{nowrap|{{flagdeco|Pakistan}} [[Ayub Khan (President of Pakistan)|Muhammad Ayub Khan]]}}
| parties =
{{hlist|{{nowrap|{{flag|India}}}}|{{nowrap|{{flag|Pakistan}}}}}}
| ratifiers =
|language=[[English language|English]], [[Urdu]] and [[Hindi]]}}
{{Campaignbox Indo-Pakistani War of 1965}}
{{Campaignbox Indo-Pakistani Wars}}
The '''Tashkent Declaration''' was signed between [[India]] and [[Pakistan]] on 10 January 1966 to resolve the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1965]]. Peace was achieved on 23 September through interventions by the [[Soviet Union]] and the [[United States]], both of which pushed the two warring countries towards a ceasefire in an attempt to avoid any escalation that could draw in other powers.<ref name="BBCnews">{{cite news|title=The 1965 war|work=BBC News website|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/static/in_depth/south_asia/2002/india_pakistan/timeline/1965.stm|access-date=24 July 2020}}</ref><ref name=RB/>

==Background==
The meeting was hosted by the [[Soviet Union]] in the city of [[Tashkent]], [[Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic|Uzbekistan]], from 4 to 10 January 1966 in an attempt to create a more permanent settlement between the warring sides.<ref name="MapsOfIndia"/>

The Soviets, represented by Soviet politician [[Alexei Kosygin|Aleksei Kosygin]], moderated between Indian prime minister [[Lal Bahadur Shastri]] and Pakistani president [[Ayub Khan (President of Pakistan)|Muhammad Ayub Khan]].<ref name=RB>{{Cite news|url=https://www.rbth.com/arts/history/2016/01/12/at-tashkent-soviet-peace-over-india-and-pakistan_558665|title=At Tashkent, Soviet peace over India and Pakistan|last=Bratersky|first=Alexander|date=12 January 2016|access-date=24 July 2020|language=en-US|website=Russia Beyond website}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://soviethistory.msu.edu/1968-2/third-world-friendships/third-world-friendships-texts/tashkent-declaration/|title=Tashkent Declaration|date=2015-09-01|work=Seventeen Moments in Soviet History|access-date=2018-01-10|language=en-US}}</ref>

==Declaration==
A declaration was released that was hoped to be a framework for lasting peace by stating that the Indian military and the Pakistani military would pull back to their pre-conflict positions, their pre-August lines,<ref name=BBCnews/> no later than 25 February 1966; neither nation would interfere in each other's internal affairs; economic and diplomatic relations would be restored; there would be an orderly transfer of prisoners of war, and both leaders would work towards improving bilateral relations.

==Aftermath==
The treaty was heavily criticized in both countries, as Indians and Pakistanis were expecting more concessions to their respective sides than what had been agreed upon. In accordance with the Tashkent Declaration, talks were held at the ministerial level on 1 and 2 March 1966. Despite the fact that these talks were unproductive, the diplomatic exchange continued throughout the spring and summer, though stark differences of opinion on the [[Kashmir conflict]] culminated in the lack of a resolution from bilateral discussions.

In [[India]], the agreement was criticized because it did not contain a no-war pact or any renunciation of guerrilla warfare across [[Kashmir]]. After the Tashkent Declaration was signed, Indian prime minister [[Lal Bahadur Shastri]] died under mysterious circumstances in Tashkent;<ref name="MapsOfIndia"/> his sudden death led to the rise of conspiracy theories claiming that he was poisoned.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/45-yrs-on-Shastris-death-a-mystery/articleshow/4764773.cms|title=45 yrs on, Shastri's death a mystery|last=Dhawan|first=Himanshi|date=11 July 2009|work=The Times of India|access-date=10 January 2018}}</ref> Journalist, conspiracy theorist,<ref>{{cite book |last1=Douglas |first1=Gregory |title=Regicide: The Official Assassination of John F. Kennedy |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6GgMAAAACAAJ |publisher=Castle Hill Pub |language=en |date=2002|isbn=9781591482970 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Weber |first1=Mark |title=Not Quite the Hitler Diaries - Gestapo Chief (Review) |url=https://www.ihr.org/jhr/v20/v20n2p40_Douglas.html |website=www.ihr.org |access-date=28 January 2023}}</ref> and holocaust denier<ref>{{cite web |last1=Douglas |first1=Gregory |title=Conversations With The Crow |url=https://archive.org/details/conversations-with-the-crow-pdf/page/n55/mode/2up?q=gas+chambers |access-date=28 January 2023}}</ref> Gregory Douglas claimed he conducted a series of interviews with American intelligence officer [[Robert Crowley (CIA)|Robert Crowley]] in 1993. According to Douglas, Crowley claimed that the [[Central Intelligence Agency]] assassinated Shastri as well as Indian nuclear scientist [[Homi J. Bhabha]] (who died on [[Air India Flight 101]]) in order to thwart the development of [[India and weapons of mass destruction|India's nuclear weapons programme]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Douglas |first=Gregory |title=Conversations with the Crow |publisher=Basilisk Press |year=2013 |isbn=978-0991175208 |pages=66–67 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Unrevealed |first=Files |date=2021-09-23 |title=Homi Bhabha's Death: An Unfortunate Accident or the Hands of the Crow |url=https://www.unrevealedfiles.com/homi-bhabhas-death-an-unfortunate-accident-or-the-hands-of-the-crow/ |access-date=2022-04-07 |website=Unrevealed Files |language=en-US}}</ref>{{Third-party inline|date=September 2023|reason=none of the sources are RS}} The Indian government has refused to declassify a report on his death under the claim that it would harm India's foreign relations, cause disruption in the country, and breach parliamentary privileges.<ref name=":0" />

In [[Pakistan]], the agreement caused widespread distress; social upset was exacerbated after Pakistani president [[Ayub Khan (President of Pakistan)|Muhammad Ayub Khan]] went into seclusion in the ceasefire's aftermath, as demonstrations and riots erupted across the country.<ref name="MapsOfIndia">{{Cite web|url=https://www.mapsofindia.com/on-this-day/june-30-1965-a-ceasefire-is-agreed-under-un-auspices-between-india-and-pakistan-to-stop-the-war-at-the-rann-of-kutch|title=June 30th 1965: A Ceasefire was Agreed under UN Auspices Between India and Pakistan, Who Signed a Treaty to Stop the War at Rann of Kutch|website=MapsofIndia.com|date=30 June 2014|access-date=24 July 2020}}</ref> However, Khan later addressed the nation on 14 January 1966 and explained the rationale behind the agreement. Although he was eventually able to quell the unrest, the Tashkent Declaration greatly damaged Khan's image, and was one of the factors that ultimately led to his downfall in 1969.<ref>[https://www.thefridaytimes.com/tft/the-falling-out-at-tashkent-1966/ The falling out at Tashkent (1966) between Ayub Khan and Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto] The Friday Times (newspaper), Updated 4 November 2016, Retrieved 24 July 2020</ref><ref name="PublicAffairs, Lieven">{{cite book |last1=Lieven |first1=Anatol |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=exBKSo-Pf6cC&q=Bengali%20Pakistani%20people%5C&pg=PT77 |title=Pakistan: A Hard Country |publisher=PublicAffairs |year=2012 |isbn=978-1610391627 |language=en |access-date=23 December 2016}}</ref>

==See also==
{{Portal|Tashkent}}
*[[Indo-Pakistani wars and conflicts|India–Pakistan conflict]]
**[[Karachi Agreement]] (1949)
**[[Simla Agreement|Shimla Agreement]] (1972)

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==
*[https://peacemaker.un.org/node/1487 Full text of Tashkent Declaration ], UN Peacemaker
*[http://peacemaker.un.org/document-search?keys=&field_padate_value%5Bvalue%5D%5Bdate%5D=&field_pacountry_tid=india All peace agreement for India], UN Peacemaker
*[http://peacemaker.un.org/document-search?keys=&field_padate_value%5Bvalue%5D%5Bdate%5D=&field_pacountry_tid=pakistan All peace agreements for Pakistan], UN Peacemaker

{{Indo-Pakistani relations}}

{{Military of Pakistan}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:History of the Republic of India]]
[[Category:India–Pakistan war of 1965]]
[[Category:Foreign relations of the Soviet Union]]
[[Category:Pakistan–Soviet Union relations]]
[[Category:India–Soviet Union relations]]
[[Category:1966 in the Soviet Union]]
[[Category:Diplomatic conferences in the Soviet Union]]
[[Category:Peace treaties of Pakistan]]
[[Category:History of Tashkent|Declaration]]
[[Category:1966 in India]]
[[Category:Peace treaties of India]]
[[Category:Treaties concluded in 1966]]
[[Category:1966 in Pakistan]]
[[Category:Treaties of India]]
[[Category:Shastri administration]]
[[Category:India–Pakistan treaties]]
[[Category:India–Pakistan military relations]]

Dihar (archaeological site)

2026-03-17T07:33:07Z

EloyNoble34: improved article

{{Short description|Archaeological site in West Bengal, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2024}}
{{Infobox ancient site
|name = Dihar
|native_name =
|alternate_name =
|image =
|alt =
|caption =
|map_type = India West Bengal
|map_alt =
|relief = y
|map_size = 270
|coordinates = {{Coord|23|07|10|N|87|22|00|E|type:landmark_region:IN|display=inline,title}}{{sfn|Chattopadhyay et al.|2013|p=95}}
|location = [[Dihar]], [[West Bengal]], India
|region =
|type = Settlement
|part_of =
|length =
|width =
|area =
|height =
|builder =
|material =
|built = 2700 BCE{{sfn|Chattopadhyay et al.|2013|p=97}}
|abandoned = [[Medieval India|Medieval]]/[[Medieval India#Late medieval period|Late Medieval]] (Malla)
|epochs =
|cultures = [[Neolithic]] and [[Early Agricultural Communities in Bengal|Early village farming culture]]{{sfn|Chattopadhyay et al.|2013|pp=96–97}}
|dependency_of =
|occupants =
|event = not known
|excavations = 1983–84, 1984–85, 1993–94, 2008–09 and 2012–13
|archaeologists =
|condition = Ruined
|ownership = Public
|management =
|public_access = Yes
|website = 
|notes =
}}
'''Dihar''' is an [[archaeological site]] of Neolithic and [[Early Agricultural Communities in Bengal|Early village farming culture]] located in the Indian state of [[West Bengal]]. Construction of the settlement is believed to have started around 2700 BC.{{sfn|Chattopadhyay et al.|2013|p=97}} Dihar people developed a system of exploitation of natural resources and subsequent [[Commodification|commercialization of commodities]] (prehistoric exchange system). The financial security afforded by this system encouraged artistic excellence in [[pottery]] making (which surely entails an appreciation of created forms) and bone-working.{{sfn|Chattopadhyay et al.|2013|pp=126–127}}

The prehistoric settlement at Dihar village was discovered in 1983 by the [[University of Calcutta]]'s Department of Archaeology.<ref name="asi1">{{cite web |title=Excavations – Since Independence – West Bengal « Archaeological Survey of India |url=https://asi.nic.in/excavations-since-independence-west-bengal/ |website=asi.nic.in |access-date=29 September 2023}}</ref> Excavations at Dihar were carried out in two phase, the first phase was conducted in 1983–84, 1984–85 and 1993–94<ref name="asi1"/> and the second phase in 2008–09 and 2012–13.{{sfn|Deshpande-Mukherjee|Chattopadhyay|2023|p=153}}

Bowls, black-red pottery and miniature vessels were discovered during the excavations. Human skeletal remains have also been found in the excavations.{{sfn|Majumder et al.|2017|p=606}}

==History==
In the early period (pre-metal phase) the people of Dihar were involved with agriculture. At this time they did not know the use of metals. They mainly used various tools made from stone. Animal husbandry existed alongside food production through agriculture. This change was achieved after the abandonment of the subsistence technique of prolonged [[Hunter-gatherer|hunting-gathering]].{{sfn|Chattopadhyay et al.|2013|pp=126–127}}

It is estimated that they started using metal around 1500 BC. Evidence of the use of metal has been found in Dihar as early as 1300 BC.{{sfn|Chattopadhyay et al.|2013|pp=126–127}}

During the early historic period population and settlement characteristics, including area, increased rapidly. Apparently, settlement shifted along a north-south axis about 1000 BCE.{{sfn|Chattopadhyay et al.|2013|pp=130–131}}

By the end of [[Mallabhum kingdom|Malla period]] (10th to 17th centuries AD) the settlement had spread beyond their earlier boundaries, and developed into an emerging politico-religious consciousness. Two [[Shiva]] temples of Dihar were built on top of the structural mounds or remains of the earlier settlement to legitimise of the relationship between the ruling authority and the ruled.{{sfn|Chattopadhyay et al.|2013|pp=130–131}}

===Chronology===
According to the samples obtained, the Dihar period is divided into six cultural phases. Use of metals was absent in the first phase, but use of metals began in the second phase; in two phases, the [[Early Agricultural Communities in Bengal|Early Agricultural Culture]] and the [[Black and red ware|Black-Red Pottery]] Culture developed. The third phase belonged to the early historic period. The Black-Red Pottery culture was present during this phase. The fourth phase belonged to the Early [[Medieval India|Indian Middle Ages]]. The fifth and sixth phases included the pre-Malla and the [[Mallabhum kingdom|Malla period]] of the medieval respectively.{{sfn|Chattopadhyay et al.|2013|pp=96–97}}{{sfn|Chattopadhyay et al.|2015|pp=242–243}}

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Stages
! Dates
! Events
|-
| Stage I
| 2700–1500 BCE
| [[Early Agricultural Communities in Bengal|Early Agricultural Culture]] and [[Black and red ware|Black-Red Pottery]] Culture
|-
| Stage II
| 1500–500 BCE
| [[Early Agricultural Communities in Bengal|Early Agricultural Culture]] and [[Black and red ware|Black-Red Pottery]] Culture
|-
| Stage III
|
| early historic period
|-
| Stage IV
|
| Indian Middle Ages
|-
| Stage V
| scope="row" rowspan="2" | 10th to 17th centuries AD
| pre-Malla period
|-
| Stage VI
| Malla period
|}

==Archaeology==
Four mounds have been standing in Dihar village since ancient times. The villagers were aware of the presence of mounds. Except the Hirapur mound, the remaining three mounds have temple.{{sfn|Tewari|2015a|pp=129–31}} Later the [[University of Calcutta]] undertook a program of survey exploration and excavation. This settlement was discovered while exploring the mounds. Dihar was first excavated in 1984 and last in 2013, which extending Bengal's [[Early Agricultural Communities in Bengal|early village farming culture]] to 2700 BC.{{sfn|Chattopadhyay et al.|2013|p=97}} The site is located 6 kilometers (3.7 mi) from [[Bishnupur, Bankura|Bishnupur]], the capital of the medieval [[Mallabhum kingdom]], on the north bank of the [[Dwarakeswar River|Dwarakeswar]] river.{{sfn|Chattopadhyay et al.|2013|p=95}}{{sfn|Tewari|2015a|p=128}}

Archaeologists claim that the settlement was a center of early village farming culture and the [[Black and red ware]] culture of [[West Bengal]].{{sfn|Chattopadhyay et al.|2015|pp=242–243}} According to the [[Radiocarbon dating|carbon 14 dating]] of samples from the Hirapur mound, Dihar is the oldest archaeological settlement of the early village farming culture discovered in modern [[West Bengal]]. Among the four mounds at Dihar, the oldest specimen is from the Hirapur mound, which is 4700 years old.{{sfn|Chattopadhyay et al.|2013|p=97}} Early village farming culture in Dihar existed between 2700 BC and 1500 BC,{{sfn|Chattopadhyay et al.|2013|p=97}}{{sfn|Chattopadhyay et al.|2015|pp=242–243}} which was contemporary with the Pre-Harappan, Harappan and Post-Harappan periods.

==Civilization==
The people of Dihar contributed in settlement, [[metallurgy]] and pottery to the civilization of [[Bengal]] and Lower Gangetic Valley. They also contributed to jewellery making; in the early period jewellery was made from bone and later from metal.

===Metallurgy and jewellery===
The people of Dihar first started using copper, and later iron. The plateau environment, and the forest dwellers and ancient metalworking traditions in the forest region must have influenced and dictated the situation at Dihar. The [[Chota Nagpur Plateau|Chota Nagpur plateau]] served as a potential metal source. Workers made [[Ring (jewellery)|rings]] and rods from copper. Perhaps these sticks were used for applying eye [[collyrium]].{{sfn|Chattopadhyay et al.|2013|p=121}}

A broken specimen was recovered from Mansatala Mound. It was probably identified as a tool used for gathering [[aquatic plant]]s or for bush clearance. This eroded specimen has a considerable thickness with 5.6 cm. According to the weight and shape, it suggests to be classified as a "heavy-duty" tool. Only a skilled metalworker would be able to make such an elaborate tool, which making Dihar's metalworkers demonstrative of skilled craftsmanship.{{sfn|Chattopadhyay et al.|2013|pp=121–122}}

===Art===
[[Terracotta]] beads, various toys, discs and animal figurines have been found at Dihar. An unidentified animal figure of red color was found with two legs in a diagonal position at the back of the body. A few more fragmentary parts of animal figurines have been excavated. All these figurines bears witness to the technical skill of the Dihar's artists. All the excavated fragments are red in colour. Fragments of a human figure, red in color, were found.{{sfn|Chattopadhyay et al.|2013|pp=123–124}}

Dihar artists painted designs on red and black colored pottery. Both white and cream colors have been used. It was customary to fill the entire interior of ceramic dishes with two diagonally running designs with rows of straight and slanted parallel strokes painted in white. The exterior surface close to the rim is encircled by a band of petal-like motifs surmounted by a row of parallel strokes. In most cases the decorative elements were applied near the neck of the vessels and below the border line from where the slope towards the base begins. The ceramic art of Dihar is comparable to the [[Ganges |Ganges Valley]] archaeological sites such as the Raja Nal Mound (Raja Nal Ka Tila), Malhar, [[Lahuradewa]], [[Jhusi]], Narhan, Agiabir and Senuwar.{{sfn|Chattopadhyay et al.|2013|pp=116–17}}

===Cultivation and Diet===
Excavated mounds have revealed the existence of an early rural agricultural culture, which gives an indication of cultivation by the inhabitants of the settlement.{{sfn|Chattopadhyay et al.|2013|p=97}} The bones of many animals including domestic and wild, indicate a wide food culture.{{sfn|Deshpande-Mukherjee|Chattopadhyay|2023|p=160}} In addition, [[bone tool]]s, [[arrowhead]]s and [[spear]]s provide evidence of the [[hunter-gatherer]] lifestyle of the inhabitants.{{sfn|Chattopadhyay et al.|2013|pp=117–119}}

==Excavated Dihar==
The archaeological site was discovered by excavating four mounds at Dehar village, namely Maa Bhavanitala Dhibi, Hirapur Dhibi, Mansatala Dhibi and Kalbhairavatala Dhibi.{{sfn|Chattopadhyay et al.|2013|p=95}} The Maa Bhavanitala ''Dhibi'' (mound) is spread over 300 square meters.{{sfn|Tewari|2015a|p=129}}

===Cut and worked bones===
Cut bone and bone tools, arrowheads, and spears have been found.{{sfn|Tewari|2015a|pp=133–34}} Industrial or manufacturing workshops (potters and metal workers) and furnaces are visible on the Mansatala mound.{{sfn|Chattopadhyay et al.|2013|pp=117–119}}{{sfn|Tewari|2015a|pp=133–34}}{{sfn|Tewari|2015b|p=184}}

===Human skeleton===
An almost completely preserved [[human skeleton]] has been excavated from the Manasatala mound,{{sfn|Majumder et al.|2017|p=606}} which provides very good information about the age, sex and disease. The human skeleton was studied in November 2013, which probably belongs to the early historic period.{{sfn|Majumder et al.|2017|p=608}} According to the test results, the skeleton was that of a male, and was around 45 to 50 years old.{{sfn|Majumder et al.|2017|p=611}} On observation, lesions in teeth and bones, and pathological lesions were observed. Unfortunately the skeleton does not help to understand the population.{{sfn|Majumder et al.|2017|p=617}}

===Pottery===
Evidence of pottery begins from Period I. [[Black and red ware|Black and red pottery]], carinated vessels, basins, [[Tumbler (glass)|tumblers]] and miniature pots give evidence of [[Ceramic|ceramic industry]].{{sfn|Chattopadhyay et al.|2013|pp=111–117}}{{sfn|Tewari|2015a|p=133}}

===Wattle and daub structures===
Reed impressed clay have been found, which reflecting widespread use of [[Wattle and daub]] structures. Presumably, the structures were originally used for construction of house. According to the results obtained from sample tests, Wattle and daub structures were built during the Pre-Metallic and Metallic [[Early Agricultural Communities in Bengal|early village farming culture]]. The tradition of building such structures to have continued for a much longer period. In excavation, mud or rammed floor and reed impressed chunks were found.{{sfn|Chattopadhyay et al.|2013|p=110}}

==References==
{{Reflist|3}}

==Bibliography==
* {{cite journal
|last1=Chattopadhyay |first1=Rupendra Kumar
|last2=Acharya |first2=Dipsikha
|last3=Majumder |first3=Shubha
|last4=Sain |first4=Malay Kumar
|last5=Biswas |first5=Pampa
|last6=Mondal |first6=Bijan
| date = 2013
|title=Excavation at Dihar 2012-2013 : An Interim Report |url=https://www.academia.edu/36290222/Excavation_at_Dihar_2012_2013_An_Interim_Report
|access-date=27 September 2023
|ref = {{harvid|Chattopadhyay et al.|2013}} |journal=Pratna Samiksha |volume=1 |pages=9–33
}}
* {{cite journal |editor1-last=Tewari |editor1-first=Dr. Rakesh
|title=Indian Archeology 2008-09 - Review
|date=2015a
|publisher=Archaeological Survey of India
|url=https://asi.nic.in/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/iar_2008_09.pdf
|access-date=28 September 2023
|journal=Pratna Samiksha
}}
* {{cite book
|last1=Chattopadhyay |first1=Rupendra Kumar
|last2=Bandyopadhyay |first2=KumKum
|date=1 December 2015
|title=Studies in South Asian Heritage: essays in memory of M Harunur Rashid | chapter=A Preliminary Study of the Worked Bone Industry in the Middle and Lower Ganga Valleys: From the Mesolithic to the Early Historic Periods
|publisher=Bangla Academy
|isbn=9789840753833
|ref={{harvid|Chattopadhyay et al.|2015}}
}}
* {{cite book |editor1-last=Tewari |editor1-first=Dr. Rakesh
|title=Indian Archeology 2012-13 - Review
|date=2015b
|publisher=Archaeological Survey of India
|url=https://www.asihyderabadcircle.com/storage/files/V3aINVXeS0xswPnAJISMIqrfbdiWvN9J6UsMuFMm.pdf
|access-date=29 September 2023
}}
* {{cite journal |ref={{harvid|Majumder et al.|2017}} |last1=Majumder |first1=Shubha |last2=Mushrif-Tripathy |first2=Veena |last3=Acharya |first3=Dipsikha
|date=2017
|title=Preliminary Studies of Human Skeletal Remains Excavated from Dihar (2012 ‐ 13), District Bankura, West Bengal |url=https://www.academia.edu/36066121/Preliminary_Studies_of_Human_Skeletal_Remains_Excavated_from_Dihar_2012_13_District_Bankura_West_Bengal
|access-date=27 September 2023
|journal=Heritage: Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies in Archaeology
|volume=5
}}
* {{cite journal |first1=Arati | last1 = Deshpande-Mukherjee |last2=Chattopadhyay |first2=R.K.
|date=2023
|title=Animals in Archaeology: Integrating Landscapes, Environment and Humans in South Asia
|url=http://www.heritageuniversityofkerala.com/Publications/P1/7_Deshpande-Mukherjee%20and%20Chattopadhyay_PPJ_Updated_20230201.pdf
|access-date=29 September 2023
|journal=Heritage: Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies in Archaeology
|publisher=University of Kerala
|volume=1
}}

{{Ancient-Medieval sites in Bengal}}
{{Archaeological sites in India}}

[[Category:Archaeological sites in West Bengal]]
[[Category:Ancient Bengal]]

Rohan Mehra (born 1990)

2026-03-10T19:21:51Z

EloyNoble34: New new stub

{{short description|Indian model and actor (born 1990)}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2016}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Rohan Mehra
| image = Rohan Mehra.jpg
| image_size =
| caption = Mehra in 2024
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1990|04|08|df=y}}<ref name="indianexpress.com">{{Cite web|date=2018-04-08|title=Happy Birthday Rohan Mehra: The young star's Instagram account is a window to his happy world|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/happy-birthday-rohan-mehra-5128324/|access-date=2021-04-11|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref>
| birth_place = [[Amritsar]],
[[Punjab, India | Punjab]], [[India]]
| alma_mater = [[Hansraj College]] [[Delhi University]]
| occupation = {{hlist| [[Actor]]|[[model (person)|model]]}}
| years_active = 2009–present
| known_for = {{ubl|''[[Yeh Rishta Kya Kehlata Hai]]''|''[[Bigg Boss (Hindi season 10)|Bigg Boss 10]]''|''[[Sasural Simar Ka]]''}}
| parents = {{ubl|Ravindra Mehra (father)|Rashmi Mehra (mother)}}
| height = {{height|ft=5|in=11}}
| relatives = {{ubl|Siddharth Mehra (brother)|Ritika Mehra (sister)}}
| partner =
| children =
| awards =
| website =
| education =
}}

'''Rohan Mehra''' is an [[Indian people|Indian]] actor who works in films, web shows and [[Television in India|Indian television]]<ref name="indianexpress.com">{{Cite web|date=2018-04-08|title=Happy Birthday Rohan Mehra: The young star's Instagram account is a window to his happy world|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/happy-birthday-rohan-mehra-5128324/|access-date=2021-04-11|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref> He is known for his roles in [[India]]n TV shows like ''[[Yeh Rishta Kya Kehlata Hai]]'' as Naksh Singhania and ''[[Sasural Simar Ka]]'' as Sameer Kapoor. He was also a finalist on the [[reality TV]] show ''[[Bigg Boss (Hindi season 10)|Bigg Boss 10]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/amritsar/tv-brings-fame-says-city-based-actor-62967|title=TV Brings fame says city-based actor|work=The Tribune}}</ref>

==Career==

=== Initial career days (2009–15) ===

Mehra began his acting career in an episode of [[Channel V India]]'s crime drama ''[[Gumrah: End of Innocence]]'' in 2012.<ref name="indianexpress.com">{{Cite web|date=2018-04-08|title=Happy Birthday Rohan Mehra: The young star's Instagram account is a window to his happy world|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/happy-birthday-rohan-mehra-5128324/|access-date=2021-04-11|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref>

In 2013, he appeared as Varun Ashwin Khanna in [[Sony Entertainment Television]]'s TV show ''[[Bade Achhe Lagte Hain]]''.<ref name=":2">{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/from-popular-tv-shows-to-dating-co-star-heres-taking-a-look-at-birthday-boy-rohan-mehras-journey/photostory/63666506.cms|title=From popular TV shows to dating co-star: Here's taking a look at birthday boy Rohan Mehra's journey|website=[[The Times of India]] |date=8 April 2018}}</ref> Mehra also made his [[Bollywood]] debut as Kartik in the [[thriller film|film]] ''[[Sixteen (2013 Indian film)|Sixteen]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/amritsar/tv-brings-fame-says-city-based-actor-62967|title=TV brings fame, says city-based actor}}</ref>

In 2014, he appeared in two episodes in ''[[Yeh Hai Aashiqui]]'' and ''Webbed 2''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/rohan-mehra-to-be-paired-opposite-jannat-zubair-rehmani-in-upcoming-project/articleshow/70677376.cms|title=Rohan Mehra to be paired opposite Jannat Zubair Rehmani in upcoming project|website=Times of India}}</ref> His second Bollywood film ''[[Uvaa]]'' was released in 2015.<ref>{{cite news|author1=Neha Maheshwri|title=BALH's Rohan Mehra to play Sangram Singh's student – Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/BALHs-Rohan-Mehra-to-play-Sangram-Singhs-student/articleshow/39245532.cms|access-date=30 September 2016|work=Times of India|date=29 July 2014}}</ref>

===Breakthrough and ''Bigg Boss'' (2015–17)===

In 2015, Mehra portrayed Naksh Singhania in [[Star Plus]]'s longest-running soap opera ''[[Yeh Rishta Kya Kehlata Hai]]'', which won him the [[Gold Awards|Gold Award]] for Best Debut Actor (Male). He left the show in September 2016 to participate in ''Bigg Boss''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment/telly-talk/gossip/article/rohan-mehra-to-quit-yeh-rishta-kya-kehlata-hai/147054|title=Rohan Mehra to quit Yeh Rishta Kya Kehlata Hai?|work=[[Times Now]]|date=26 September 2016}}</ref>

In October 2016, he entered as a celebrity contestant in the [[Bigg Boss (Hindi season 10)|10th season]].<ref name="abplive.in">{{cite web|url=https://www.abplive.in/television/karan-rohan-mehra-to-participate-in-bigg-boss-10-check-out-the-confirmed-list-of-celebrity-contestants-here-431731|title=Karan, Rohan Mehra to participate in 'Bigg Boss 10'; Check out the CONFIRMED list of celebrity contestants here|date=15 October 2016}}</ref> He was eliminated on Day 102 in January 2017 and placed 5th.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.abplive.in/television/bigg-boss-10-rohan-mehra-eliminated-in-the-mid-week-eviction-484142|title=BIGG BOSS 10: Rohan Mehra ELIMINATED in the mid-week eviction|work=[[ABP Live]]|date=25 January 2017}}</ref>

===''Sasural Simar Ka'' and beyond (2017–present)===

From June 2017 to March 2018, Mehra starred in [[Colors TV]]'s long running daily soap ''[[Sasural Simar Ka]]'' as Sameer Kapoor opposite [[Krissann Barretto]] and [[Vaishali Takkar]].<ref name=":0">{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/rohan-mehra-to-join-sasural-simar-ka-4726341/|title=Rohan Mehra to join Sasural Simar Ka: After a leap, it'll focus on younger generation so that's my best TV comeback|work=[[The Indian Express]]|date=28 June 2017}}</ref> His character was initially negative, before it slowly turned positive.<ref name="BIGG BOSS 11: Hina Khan's co-star R">{{cite web|url=https://www.abplive.in/television/bigg-boss-11-hina-khan-s-co-star-rohan-mehra-to-be-on-the-show-614483|title=BIGG BOSS 11: Hina Khan's co-star Rohan Mehra to be on the show|date=8 December 2017}}</ref>

In 2018, portrayed Rohan in [[&TV]]'s ''[[Laal Ishq (2018 TV series)|Laal Ishq]]''.<ref name=":1">{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/bigg-boss-10s-rohan-mehra-to-be-seen-in-laal-ishq-opposite-palak-jain-akansha-sareen/articleshow/64783928.cms|title=Bigg Boss 10's Rohan Mehra to be seen in Laal Ishq opposite Palak Jain, Akansha Sareen|work=[[Times of India]]|date=28 June 2018}}</ref> The same year, he playing on the Lucknow Nawabs team in the third season of ''Box Cricket League'' and won the trophy.<ref name="indiatoday.in">{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/reality-tv/story/mtv-bcl-winner-shruti-ulfat-s-team-lucknow-nawabs-clinches-the-trophy-1205398-2018-04-05|title=MTV BCL winner: Shruti Ulfat's team Lucknow Nawabs clinches the trophy|date=5 April 2018}}</ref>

A year later, Mehra was a contestant in ''Kitchen Champion'' with [[Kanchi Singh]].<ref name="PICS: Rohan Mehra & girlfriend Kanc">{{cite web|url=https://www.abplive.in/television/kitchen-champion-rohan-mehra-kanch-singh-set-to-appear-together-on-arjun-bijlanis-show-see-pics-964793|title=PICS: Rohan Mehra & girlfriend Kanchi Singh REUNITE for 'Kitchen Champion'!|date=14 April 2019}}</ref> In 2020, he starred in the teen drama [[web series]] ''[[Class of 2020]]'' on [[ALTBalaji]].<ref name="Times of India">{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/chetna-pande-and-rohan-mehra-in-ace-of-space/articleshow/70827049.cms|title=Chetna Pande and Rohan Mehra in 'Ace of Space'|work=[[Times of India]]|date=August 25, 2019}}</ref>

In February 2021, his second web series ''[[Crashh]]'' began streaming online on ALTBalaji and [[ZEE5]], co-starring [[Zain Imam]] and [[Anushka Sen]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Barve|first=Ameya|date=2020-12-24|title=First look of 'Crashh': Saga of sibling love and pain of being separated|url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/web-series/first-look-of-crashh-saga-of-sibling-love-and-pain-of-being-separated-673736|access-date=2021-01-30|website=www.indiatvnews.com|language=en}}</ref>

== Filmography ==
'''<big>Television</big>'''
{| class="wikitable"
! Year
! Title
! Role
! Notes
! Ref.
|-
| 2012
| ''[[Gumrah: End of Innocence]]''
| Aarav
|
| rowspan="4" style="text-align:center;" |<ref name=":2"/>
|-
| 2013
| ''[[Bade Achhe Lagte Hain]]''
| Varun Khanna
|
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2014
| ''[[Yeh Hai Aashiqui]]''
| Amar
|
|-
| ''Webbed 2''
| Ravi
|
|-
| 2015–16
| ''[[Yeh Rishta Kya Kehlata Hai]]''
| Naksh Singhania
| Son of Akshara Naitik Singhania
| <ref>{{cite web |date=27 September 2016 |title=Naksh aka Rohan Mehra from Yeh Rishta Kya Kehlatha Hai has quit the show for Bigg Boss 10 |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bigg-boss-season-10/yeh-rishta-kya-kehlata-hais-naksh-aka-rohan-mehra-quits-the-show-for-bigg-boss-3051106/lite |website=[[Indian Express]]}}</ref>
|-
| 2016–17
| ''[[Bigg Boss (Hindi season 10)|Bigg Boss 10]]''
| Contestant
| 5th place
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="abplive.in"/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/reality-tv/story/bigg-boss-10-rohan-mehra-out-of-the-house-in-midnight-eviction-lifetv-956982-2017-01-25|title= Bigg Boss 10:Rohan Mehra is out of the house in midnight eviction|website=[[India Today]]}}</ref>
|-
| 2017–18
| ''[[Sasural Simar Ka]]''
| Sameer Kapoor
|
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref name=":0" />
|-
|2018
| ''[[Laal Ishq (2018 TV series)|Laal Ishq]]''
| Rohan
| Episodic
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref name=":1" />
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2019
| ''[[Kitchen Champion]]''
| rowspan="2" | Himself
| rowspan="2" | Guest
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="PICS: Rohan Mehra & girlfriend Kanc"/>
|-
| ''[[Ace of Space 2|Ace Of Space 2]]''
| <ref name="Times of India"/>
|}

=== Web series ===
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"
|-
! scope="col" |Year
! scope="col" |Title
! scope="col" |Role
! scope="col" |Ref.
|-
| 2020
| ''[[Class of 2020]]''
| Ibrahim Noorani
|<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-02-12|title=Rohan Mehra: Fortunate that I could relive my school life through Class of 2020|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/rohan-mehra-class-of-2020-vikas-gupta-altbalaji-6264426/|access-date=2021-12-07|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref>
|-
| 2021
| ''[[Crashh]]''
|Rahim Ansari
|<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=2021-02-09|title=Rohan Mehra shares his experience of working with Crashh Co-directer|url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/web-series/yeh-rishta-kya-kehlata-hai-fame-rohan-mehra-shares-his-experience-of-working-with-crashh-co-directer-683831|access-date=2021-12-07|website=www.indiatvnews.com|language=en}}</ref>
|-
|2024
|''Pyramid''
|Mohit
|<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=13 December 2024|title=Rohan Mehra: 'Pyramid' Was My First Time Working In The Crime-Thriller Genre|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/web-series/news/hindi/rohan-mehra-pyramid-was-my-first-time-working-in-the-crime-thriller-genre/articleshow/116283976.cms|access-date=18 December 2024|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref>
|}

=== Music videos ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year !! Title
!Singer(s)!!Ref.
|-
| 2018
| ''Tu Meri Zindagi''
|Keshav Kumar
|<ref>{{Citation|title=Tu Meri Zindagi (feat. Rohan Mehra, Kate Sharma & Hritu) - Single by Keshav Kumar on iTunes|date=2018-11-28|url=https://music.apple.com/us/album/tu-meri-zindagi-feat-rohan-mehra-kate-sharma-hritu-single/1445432174|language=en-US|access-date=2021-10-09}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="6" | 2019
| ''On My Way''
|Aakanksha Sharma, Harry
|<ref>{{Citation|title=On My Way (Full Song & Lyrics) - On My Way - Download or Listen Free - JioSaavn|date=2019-01-21|url=https://www.jiosaavn.com/song/on-my-way/RhxTARhmYR4|language=en-US|access-date=2021-10-09}}</ref>
|-
| ''Dhadkane Meri''
|[[Asees Kaur]], [[Yasser Desai]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Latest Hindi Song Dhadkanein Meri Sung By Yasser Desai And Asees Kaur {{!}} Hindi Video Songs - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/music/hindi/latest-hindi-song-dhadkanein-meri-sung-by-yasser-desai-and-asees-kaur/videoshow/68425412.cms|access-date=2021-10-09|website=timesofindia.indiatimes.com|language=en}}</ref>
|-
| ''Tarse Ye Naina''
|Anand Bajai
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Latest Hindi Song 'Tarse Ye Naina' Sung By 'Anand Bajpai' {{!}} Hindi Video Songs - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/music/hindi/latest-hindi-song-tarse-ye-naina-sung-by-anand-bajpai/videoshow/68735094.cms|access-date=2021-10-09|website=timesofindia.indiatimes.com|language=en}}</ref>
|-
| ''Ishq Farzi''
|[[Jannat Zubair Rahmani]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Rohan Mehra to be paired opposite Jannat Zubair Rehmani in upcoming project - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/rohan-mehra-to-be-paired-opposite-jannat-zubair-rehmani-in-upcoming-project/articleshow/70677376.cms|access-date=2021-10-09|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref>
|-
| ''Darwaze Bandh''
|Harry, Enbee
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Latest Hindi Song 'Darwaze Bandh' Sung By Harry {{!}} Hindi Video Songs - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/music/hindi/latest-hindi-song-darwaze-bandh-sung-by-harry/videoshow/71481943.cms|access-date=2021-10-09|website=timesofindia.indiatimes.com|language=en}}</ref>
|-
| ''Itni Si Kahani''
|[[Asees Kaur]], Shivang Mathur, Abhijeet Srivastava
|<ref>{{Citation|title=Itni Si Kahani|date=2019-11-26|url=https://open.spotify.com/track/56i6Git2y4HswetESJLWgL|language=en|access-date=2021-10-09}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan= "8"|2020
| ''Qafile Noor Ke''
|[[Yasser Desai]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Latest Hindi Official Video Song 2020 'Qafile Noor Ke' Sung By Yasser Desai Featuring Rohan Mehra And Vinali Bhatnagar {{!}} Hindi Video Songs - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/music/hindi/latest-hindi-official-video-song-2020-qafile-noor-ke-sung-by-yasser-desai-featuring-rohan-mehra-and-vinali-bhatnagar/videoshow/75028609.cms|access-date=2021-10-09|website=timesofindia.indiatimes.com|language=en}}</ref>
|-
| ''Teri Baatein Mulaqatein''
|Raj Barman, Ahana Chakraborty
| <ref>{{Citation|title=Teri Baatein Mulaqatein (Full Song & Lyrics) - Raj Barman, Ahana Chakraborty - Download or Listen Free - JioSaavn|date=2020-03-29|url=https://www.jiosaavn.com/song/teri-baatein-mulaqatein/BToRZTFcQ3g|language=en-US|access-date=2021-10-09}}</ref>
|-
| ''Badi Aasani Se''
|Danish Alfaaz
|<ref>{{Citation|title=Listen to Badi Asaani Se Song by Danish Alfaaz on Gaana.com|url=https://gaana.com/song/badi-asaani-se|language=en|access-date=2021-10-09}}</ref>
|-
| ''Gustakhiyan''
|Ritrisha Samrah, Raghav Chaitanya
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=सॉन्ग 'गुस्ताखियां' में दिखी मासूम सी लवस्टोरी|url=https://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/movie-masti/news-from-bollywood/rohan-mehra-and-vaishnavi-andhale-love-song-gustakhiyaan-released/articleshow/75480541.cms|access-date=2021-10-09|website=Navbharat Times|language=hi}}</ref>
|-
| ''Inna Pyaar''
|Aishwarya Pandit
|<ref>{{Citation|title=Inna Pyaar - JioSaavn|date=2020-06-27|url=https://www.jiosaavn.com/song/inna-pyaar/MgRTeQVSDkQ|language=en-US|access-date=2021-12-07}}</ref>
|-
| ''Teri Baat Aur Hai''
|[[Stebin Ben]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Check Out New Hindi Hit Song Music Video - 'Teri Baat Aur Hai' Sung By Stebin Ben Featuring Mahima Makwana And Rohan Mehra {{!}} Hindi Video Songs - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/music/hindi/check-out-new-hindi-hit-song-music-video-teri-baat-aur-hai-sung-by-stebin-ben-featuring-mahima-makwana-and-rohan-mehra/videoshow/78145536.cms|access-date=2021-10-09|website=timesofindia.indiatimes.com|language=en}}</ref>
|-
| ''Main Hoon Tera''
|Piyush Shankar
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Watch New Hindi Trending Song Music Video - 'Main Hoon Tera' Sung By Piyush Shankar Featuring Pranay Bahuguna {{!}} Hindi Video Songs - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/music/hindi/watch-new-hindi-trending-song-music-video-main-hoon-tera-sung-by-piyush-shankar-featuring-pranay-bahuguna/videoshow/79619693.cms|access-date=2021-10-09|website=timesofindia.indiatimes.com|language=en}}</ref>
|-
| ''Mera Baalam''
|Nitin Gupta
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Check Out Latest Hindi Song Music Video - 'Mera Baalam' Sung By Nitin Gupta {{!}} Hindi Video Songs - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/music/hindi/check-out-latest-hindi-song-music-video-mera-baalam-sung-by-nitin-gupta/videoshow/79807981.cms|access-date=2021-10-09|website=timesofindia.indiatimes.com|language=en}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="5" |2021
| ''Kinne Saalan Baad''
|Goldie Sohel
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Latest punjabi song 'Kinne Saalan Baad' sung by Goldie Sohel, featuring Avneet Kaur and Rohan Mehra|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/music/punjabi/punjabi-gana-new-songs-videos-2021-latest-punjabi-song-kinne-saalan-baad-sung-by-goldie-sohel/videoshow/81765180.cms|access-date=2021-10-09|website=timesofindia.indiatimes.com|language=en}}</ref>
|-
| ''Zara Thehro''
|Altamash Faridi
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Watch New Hindi Song Music Video - 'Zara Thehro' Sung By Altamash Faridi {{!}} Hindi Video Songs - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/music/hindi/watch-new-hindi-song-music-video-zara-thehro-sung-by-altamash-faridi/videoshow/85156187.cms|access-date=2021-10-09|website=timesofindia.indiatimes.com|language=en}}</ref>
|-
| ''Leja Leja Re Mahi''
|[[Stebin Ben]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Watch New Hindi Song Music Video - 'Leja Leja Re Mahi' Sung By Stebin Ben Featuring Rohan Mehra & Kavya Thapar {{!}} Hindi Video Songs - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/music/hindi/watch-new-hindi-song-music-video-leja-leja-re-mahi-sung-by-stebin-ben/videoshow/86774436.cms|access-date=2021-10-09|website=timesofindia.indiatimes.com|language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''Sorry Sorry''
|Raashi Sood
|<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-10-15|title=Sorry Sorry - Adah Sharma and Rohan Mehra's new song|url=https://www.zee5.com/zee5news/sorry-sorry-poster-adah-sharma-and-rohan-mehras-new-love-track-feels-like-innocent-romance|access-date=2021-10-19|website=ZEE5|language=en}}</ref>
|-
| ''Aadat''
| Ishaan Khan
|<ref>{{Citation|last=|title=Aadat Song by Ishaan Khan - Hungama|url=https://www.hungama.com/song/aadat/78792495/|language=en|access-date=2021-12-07}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan= "6" |2022
| ''Roka Roka''
| Zublee Baruah
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Rohan Mehra: I love big fat Punjabi weddings|url=https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/television-news/article/rohan-mehra-i-love-big-fat-punjabi-weddings-23210526|access-date=2022-01-21|website=www.mid-day.com}}</ref>
|-
| ''Khushamadeed''
| Javed Ali, Priya Bhui
|<ref>{{Citation |title=Khushamadeed (Full Song) - Javed Ali, Priya Bhui - JioSaavn |date=2022-02-04 |url=https://www.jiosaavn.com/song/khushamadeed/AQQ6Ry4CeFY |language=en-US |access-date=2022-05-23}}</ref>
|-
| ''Aakad''
| Simar Sethi
|<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |title=हिमांशी खुराना, रोहन मेहरा ने रूस में अकड गाने की शूटिंग की |url=https://www.bhaskarhindi.com//entertainment/news/himanshi-khurana-rohan-mehra-shoot-for-akad-song-in-russia-335664 |access-date=2022-05-23 |website=Dainik Bhaskar Hindi |language=hindi}}</ref>
|-
| ''Dil Puchta Hai''
| [[Palak Muchhal]]
|<ref>{{Cite web |title='Dil Puchta Hai' Sung By Palak Muchhal |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/music/hindi/check-out-new-hindi-song-teaser-dil-puchta-hai-sung-by-palak-muchhal/videoshow/91152391.cms |access-date=2022-05-23 |website=timesofindia.indiatimes.com |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| ''Sorry''
| Raman Romana
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Song 'Sorry' Sung By Raman Romana |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/music/punjabi/check-out-latest-punjabi-video-song-sorry-sung-by-raman-romana/videoshow/91681594.cms |access-date=2022-05-23 |website=timesofindia.indiatimes.com |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| ''Aadi Aadi''
| [[Dhvani Bhanushali]], Mellow D
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-07-05 |title=Rohan Mehra, Sahher Bambba's Team Up For Single 'Aadi Aadi' |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/art-entertainment/rohan-mehra-sahher-bambba-s-team-up-for-single-aadi-aadi--news-206948 |access-date=2022-07-06 |website=Outlook India |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="5" |2025
| Dil Na Lageya Ve
| Kishore Mondal
|-
|}

==Awards and nominations==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year!! Award !! Category !! Show !! Result !! Ref.
|-
| 2016
| [[Gold Awards]]
| Best Debut Actor (Male)
| ''[[Yeh Rishta Kya Kehlata Hai]]''
| {{WON}}
|{{Citation needed|date=July 2022}}
|-
| 2021
| [[Iconic Gold Awards]]
| Iconic Youth Icon of the Year
| Himself
| {{WON}}
|
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* {{IMDb name|9115581}}
* {{Bollywood Hungama person|rohan-mehra}}
* {{Instagram|rohanmehraa}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mehra, Rohan}}
[[Category:21st-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Place of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Indian male film actors]]
[[Category:Indian male soap opera actors]]
[[Category:1990 births]]
[[Category:Indian male television actors]]

Naukar (1943 film)

2026-03-03T23:15:42Z

EloyNoble34: typo fix

{{Short description|1943 film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name =Naukar
| image =

| caption =
| director =[[Shaukat Hussain Rizvi]]
| producer =
| writer =[[Saadat Hasan Manto]]
| starring =[[Chandra Mohan (Hindi film actor)|Chandra Mohan]] [[Noor Jehan]]
| music =
| cinematography =
| editing =
| distributor =
| released = {{film date|df=yes|1943}}
| runtime = 121 minutes
| country = India
| language = [[Hindi language|Hindi]]
}}

'''''Naukar''''' is a [[List of Bollywood films of 1943|1943]] Indian [[Bollywood]] film directed by [[Shaukat Hussain Rizvi]]<ref>{{Cite book |last=Raj |first=Ashok |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tgo9BAAAQBAJ&dq=naukar+1943&pg=PT38 |title=Hero Vol.1 |date=2009-11-01 |publisher=Hay House, Inc |isbn=978-93-81398-02-9 }}</ref> and starring [[Chandra Mohan (Hindi film actor)|Chandra Mohan]], [[Noor Jehan]] and [[Shobhna Samarth]]. It was the fifth-highest-grossing Indian film of 1943.<ref>{{cite web|title=Top Earners 1943|url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=148&catName=MTk0Mw==|publisher=Box Office India|access-date=10 February 2023|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131016213838/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=148&catName=MTk0Mw==|archive-date=16 October 2013|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

==Cast==
This is the list of actors and actresses in this film.<ref name=GoogleBooks>{{Cite book |last1=Rajadhyaksha |first1=Ashish |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SLkABAAAQBAJ&dq=naukar+1943&pg=PA299 |title=Encyclopedia of Indian Cinema (page 299)|last2=Willemen |first2=Paul |date=2014-07-10 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-135-94318-9}}</ref>
* [[Chandra Mohan (Hindi film actor)|Chandra Mohan]] as Fazlu<ref name=citwf/><ref name=GoogleBooks/>
* [[Noor Jehan]]<ref name=citwf>{{cite web|url=http://www.citwf.com/film239438.htm |website=Complete Index To World Film (CITWF) website|archive-date=2 April 2016|title=Naukar (1943 film)|url-status=dead |access-date=10 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160402011358/http://www.citwf.com/film239438.htm}}</ref><ref name=GoogleBooks/>
* Mirza Musharraf<ref name=citwf/><ref name=GoogleBooks/>
* [[Shobhna Samarth]] as Nargis<ref name=GoogleBooks/>
* Balwant Singh as Salim, son of Fazlu<ref name=citwf/><ref name=GoogleBooks/>
* [[Yakub Khan Mehboob Khan|Yakub]] as Sadiq<ref name=citwf/><ref name=GoogleBooks/>

==Film crew==
Film musical score was by [[Rafiq Ghaznavi]] and Shanti Kumar. Film song lyrics were by [[Akhtar Sheerani]], Munshi Shams and [[Nazim Panipati]].<ref name=GoogleBooks/>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|0331297|Naukar}}

[[Category:1943 films]]
[[Category:1943 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:1943 Indian films]]
[[Category:Indian drama films]]
[[Category:Indian black-and-white films]]
[[Category:1943 drama films]]
[[Category:Hindi-language drama films]]
[[Category:Saadat Hasan Manto]]

{{1940s-Hindi-film-stub}}

Luhari, Firozabad

2026-03-01T05:26:11Z

EloyNoble34: made new article from scratch

{{Short description|Village in Uttar Pradesh, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2026}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2026}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Luhari
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name = Lohari
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| image_map = Firozabad block Luhari.png
| map_caption = Map showing Luhari in Firozabad block
| pushpin_map = India Uttar Pradesh
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Uttar Pradesh, India
| coordinates = {{coord|27.08835|N|78.43843|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = [[India]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Firozabad district|Firozabad]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Tehsil]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Firozabad]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes = <ref name="Census 2011 A"/>
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 1.266
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 872
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes = <ref name="Census 2011 A"/>
| demographics_type1 =
| demographics1_title1 =
| demographics1_info1 =
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 283203
| registration_plate =
| website =
| footnotes =
}}
'''Luhari''' ({{IAST|Luhārī}}), also spelled '''Lohari''', is a village in [[Firozabad]] block of [[Firozabad district]], Uttar Pradesh. It is located southeast of Firozabad. As of 2011, it had a population of 872, in 148 households.

== Geography ==
Luhari is located southeast of Firozabad and is surrounded by level farmland. Nearby villages include [[Fatehpur Anandipur]] to the northwest, [[Nurpur Kutubpur]] to the west, [[Anandipur Karkauli]] to the southwest, [[Salempur Anandipur]] to the southeast, [[Matamai]] to the east, and [[Ladupur Chakarpur]] to the northeast.<ref name="Survey of India map G44A8">{{cite map |author=[[Survey of India]] |title=Open Series Map No. G44A8 |date=2005 |scale=1:50,000 |type=[[Universal Transverse Mercator coordinate system|Universal Transverse Mercator]] projection |edition=1st}}</ref>

== Demographics ==
As of 2011, Luhari had a population of 872, in 148 households.<ref name="Census 2011 A"/>{{rp|126}} This population was 55.6% male (485) and 44.4% female (387). The 0–6 age group numbered 128 (58 male and 70 female), making up 14.7% of the total population. 58 residents were members of Scheduled Castes, or 6.7% of the total.<ref name="Census 2011 B">{{cite web |title=Census of India 2011: Uttar Pradesh District Census Handbook - Firozabad, Part B (Village and Town Wise Primary Census Abstract) |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/1211/download/3858/DH_2011_0916_PART_B_DCHB_FIROZABAD.pdf |website=Census of India |access-date=2 February 2026}}</ref>{{rp|116-7}}

The [[1981 Census of India|1981 census]] recorded Luhari as having a population of 634 people (350 male and 284 female), in 79 households and 79 physical houses.<ref name="Census 1981">{{cite book |title=Census 1981 Uttar Pradesh: District Census Handbook Part XIII-B: Village & Town Directory, District Agra |date=1982 |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/28672/download/31854/28391_1981_AGR.pdf |access-date=2 February 2026}}</ref>{{rp|194-5}}

The [[1961 Census of India|1961 census]] recorded Luhari as comprising 1 hamlet, with a total population of 447 people (255 male and 192 female), in 74 households and 54 physical houses. The area of the village was given as 313 acres.<ref name="Census 1961">{{cite book |title=Census 1961: District Census Handbook, Uttar Pradesh (22 - Agra District) |date=1965 |location=Lucknow |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/28472/download/31654/21841_1961_AGR.pdf |access-date=2 February 2026}}</ref>{{rp|xcvi}}

== Infrastructure ==
As of 2011, Luhari had 1 primary school; it did not have any healthcare facilities. Drinking water was provided by tap, hand pump, and tube well/bore well; there were no public toilets. The village did not have a post office or public library; there was at least some access to electricity for residential and agricultural (but not commercial) purposes. Streets were made of both ''[[Indian vernacular architecture#kachcha|kachcha]]'' and ''[[Indian vernacular architecture#pucca|pakka]]'' materials.<ref name="Census 2011 A">{{cite web |title=Census of India 2011: Uttar Pradesh District Census Handbook - Firozabad, Part A (Village and Town Directory) |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/1210/download/3854/DH_2011_0916_PART_A_DCHB_FIROZABAD.pdf |website=Census of India |access-date=2 February 2026}}</ref>{{rp|126-31}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Firozabad district}}

[[Category:Villages in Firozabad district]]

Shaktinagar, Uttar Pradesh

2026-02-23T20:45:37Z

EloyNoble34: enhance formatting for accuracy based on references

{{Short description|Town in Sonbhadra, Uttar Pradesh, India}}
{{Redirect|Shakti Nagar|other uses|Shaktinagar (disambiguation)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2018}}

{{More citations needed|date=November 2008}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Shaktinagar
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Town
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption = Shaktinagar Railway Station
| pushpin_map = India Uttar Pradesh#India3
| pushpin_label_position = left
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Uttar Pradesh, India
| coordinates = {{coord|24.121884|N|82.694816|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Sonbhadra district|Sonbhadra]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 18983
| population_as_of = 2001
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code = 231222
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = 05446
| registration_plate =
| website = {{URL|up.gov.in}}
| footnotes =
}}
'''Shaktinagar''' is a small town in [[Sonbhadra]], [[Mirzapur Division]], [[Uttar Pradesh]] near [[Varanasi]], [[India]]. The city borders with Madhya Pradesh at Jayant Border.

==About==
Some of the famous places in the town are Chilka Lake Park, Helipad, [[Jwaladevi Temple]], Shiv Mandir, Sunday Market (vegetable market opening only on Sundays), Sangam Shopping Complex and the Jawahar Lal Nehru Stadium. The town is also well connected with road services from [[Varanasi]] (206 km) And [[Robertsganj]] (115 km). Nearest Railway stations are Shaktinagar (3 km), [[Singrauli]] (20 km), [[Anpara]] (25 km) and Krishnashila (13 km).

Places to visit nearby are Vendam fall (110 km), Gopat, Manda stream, Manda caves (60 km), Vindhyanagar Park, Mini Goa (Renukut 40 kms.) shopping center at [[Waidhan]] and Nawanagar, helipad park etc.

==Industries==
Nearby industries are [[NTPC Singrauli]] (First [[NTPC Limited|NTPC]] power plant of India <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ntpc.co.in/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=3&Itemid=73&lang=en |title=History of NTPC |access-date=20 January 2013 |archive-date=14 October 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131014105305/http://www.ntpc.co.in/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=3&Itemid=73&lang=en |url-status=dead }}</ref>), [[NTPC Vindhyachal]], [[NTPC Rihand]], [[Renusagar]], [[Essar Energy]], [[Reliance Power]], [[Hindalco]] ([[Aditya Birla Group]]), [[Northern Coalfields]], which provides coal to [[NTPC Limited|NTPC]] plants to generate electricity and supply it to [[North India|Northern]] as well as the [[National Capital Region|NCR region]].

==Education==
Schools in the town include St. Joseph School,<ref>[http://www.sjsshaktinagar.com St. Joseph's School]</ref> which was established in 1978, Vivekanand Senior Secondary School, Kendriya Vidyalaya (Central School),<ref>[http://www.kvshaktinagar.org/index.php Kendriya Vidyalaya (Central School)]</ref> a Group of DAV School nearly in every project of [[Singrauli Coalfield]] also known as '''Northern Coalfields Limited''' like DAV Bina, DAV Khadia, DAV Jayant, DAV Nigahi, DAV [[Jhingurdah]], Christ Jyoti School, Delhi Public School (D.P.S), and many more.

==Connectivity==
[[Shaktinagar Terminal railway station|Shaktinagar Railway Station]] is fully connected by road to various cities through [[National Highway 39 (India)|NH 39 ( Former NH 75)]], SH 5A and is also connected directly via Trains like: [[Triveni Express]] ([[Tanakpur]] To Shaktinagar), Singrauli - Varanasi Intercity ([[Singrauli]] to [[Varanasi]]), Singrauli - Jabalpur Intercity ([[Singrauli]] to [[Jabalpur]]) and Shaktinagar Passenger (Shaktinagar to [[Chopan]]), [[Shaktipunj Express]] ([[Jabalpur Junction railway station]] to [[Howrah railway station]]), Singrauli - New Delhi Express(Weekly)

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==

{{Sonbhadra district}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Sonbhadra district]]
[[Category:Industrial cities and towns in Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Energy in Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Mining in Uttar Pradesh]]

Abd al-Haqq al-Dehlawi

2026-02-14T23:25:37Z

EloyNoble34: Started A Info...

{{Short description|Sunni Islamic scholar}}
{{distinguish|Abdul Haq Azmi}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2018}}
{{Infobox religious biography
| region = [[Islamic philosophy]]
| era =
| image_name =
| image_caption =
| name = ʿAbd al-Ḥaqq al-Dehlawī
| birth_date = 1551
| birth_place = [[Delhi]]
| death_date = 1642
| death_place = Delhi
| religion = [[Sunni Orthodox Islam]]
| denomination = [[Sunni]]
| jurisprudence = [[Hanafi]]
| Sufi_order = [[Chishti]] [[Qadri]]
| main_interests = [[Hadith]]
| influences = {{hlist|[[Abu Hanifa]]|[[Mu'in al-Din Chishti]]}}
| influenced = [[Islam in South Asia]]
| notable_ideas =
| resting_place = [[Hauz-i-Shamsi]]
| creed = [[Maturidi]]
| background = BLACK
}}

<ref>{{Cite web |title=Urdu Books of Abdul Haq Mohaddis Dehlavi |url=https://www.rekhta.org/authors/abdul-haq-mohaddis-dehlavi/ebooks |access-date=2024-02-13 |website=Rekhta |language=en}}</ref>ʿAbd al-Ḥaqq al-Dehlawī (1551–1642) was one of the most influential Islamic scholars of Mughal India, renowned primarily as a muhaddith who laid the foundations of hadith scholarship in the Indian subcontinent. Born in Delhi, he travelled to the Hijaz, where he studied hadith extensively in Mecca and Medina before returning to India to revive rigorous hadith studies. He was affiliated with the Qadiriyya Sufi order, yet firmly grounded in Sunni orthodoxy. Al-Dehlawī authored numerous works in Arabic and Persian, including commentaries on hadith, biographies of scholars, and treatises that integrated fiqh, hadith, and tasawwuf without diluting doctrinal discipline.

==Biography==
He was born in 1551 (958 [[Hijra (Islam)|AH]]) in [[Delhi]], hence the suffix ''[[Dehlavi (name)|Dehlavi]]'' to his name. In 1587 (996 AH), he made the pilgrimage to [[Mecca]], where he remained for the next three years studying hadith and [[Sufism]] under various scholars. Upon his return to Delhi, he taught for half a century, and authored more than 100 works, including a history of Medina, and a work on the lives of saints.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newageislam.com/islamic-personalities/ghulam-rasool-dehlvi-new-age-islam/shah-abdul-haque-muhaddith-dehlvi-a-sunni-sufi-scholar-of-india--glimpses-of-his-reflections-on-the-mystical-practices-in-islam/d/100778|title = Shah Abdul Haque Muhaddith Dehlvi, a Sunni Sufi Scholar of India: Glimpses of His Reflections on the Mystical Practices in Islam | Ghulam Rasool Dehlvi, New Age Islam}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://iranicaonline.org/articles/abd-al-haqq-dehlavi|title=Welcome to Encyclopaedia Iranica}}</ref>

==Death==
He died in Delhi, in 1642 (1052 [[Hijri year|AH]]).<ref>[http://persian.packhum.org/persian/bio?anum=0004 ʿAbd al-Ḥaqq "Ḥaqqī" Dihlavī Buḫārī d. 1052/1642 Profile] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080603152510/http://persian.packhum.org/persian/bio?anum=0004|date=3 June 2008}} [[Packard Humanities Institute]]</ref><ref name=bo>{{cite web|title=Perfection of Faith|url=https://www.darul-ishaat.co.uk/store/Perfection-of-Faith.html|access-date=28 July 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722120422/https://www.darul-ishaat.co.uk/store/Perfection-of-Faith.html|archive-date=22 July 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref>
His [[mausoleum]] is located at the edge of [[Hauz-i-Shamsi]] near [[Qutub Minar]], [[Mehrauli]], [[Delhi]].<ref>{{cite web|title=The Tomb of Shaikh 'Abdul Haq Dihlavi|url=http://www.bl.uk/onlinegallery/onlineex/apac/addorimss/t/019addor0005475u00078vrb.html|year=1843|work=Reminiscences of Imperial Delhi|publisher=[[British Library]]|access-date=28 July 2009|archive-date=12 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170812191140/http://www.bl.uk/onlinegallery/onlineex/apac/addorimss/t/019addor0005475u00078vrb.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Works==
* ''[[Akhbar ul-Akhyar|Akhbar al Akhyar]]'', 16th Century. Urdu Edition 1990.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.islam786.org/makhdoomashraf.htm|title=SHAYKH AL ISLAM{{!}}JANASHEEN - MUHADDITH AL A'ZAM AL HIND|access-date=3 December 2006|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070109113858/http://www.islam786.org/makhdoomashraf.htm|archive-date=9 January 2007}}</ref>
*''Sharh Mishkat Shareef'', known as Ashatul Lam'at <ref>{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/AshatulLumatFiSharahAlMishkatVol1
|title=Ashatul Lumat Fi Sharah al Mishkat Vol 1|date=2013-09-15}}</ref>
* ''Perfection of Faith'' (Translation), Adam Publishers.<ref name=bo/>
* ''[[Madarij-ul-Nabuwwah]]''
* ''Tārīh-i Haqqī'' (The History by Haqq). General history of South Asia from the time of the Ğūrids to the 42nd year of [[Mughal Emperor]] [[Akbar]]’s reign (1005/1596-7).
* ''Takmeel-Ul-Iman'' (Farsi) - Book regarding beliefs of Suni Muslims.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/00491TakmeelUlImanFarsi|title=Takmeel ul Iman Farsi|via=Internet Archive}}</ref>
* ''Aashoora'' - A book containing 16-17 pages written on the day of Aashoora
* ''Taeede Hanafi Mazhab'' - book written on Hanafi Madhab
* ''Taaruf Fiqh o Tasawwuff''
* ''Zubdat-ul-Aasaar Talkhees Bahjat-ul-Asraar''<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thelibrarypk.com/zubdat-ul-asar-urdu/|title=Zubdat Ul Asar Urdu By Shaikh Abdul Haq Dehlvi Pdf - The Library PK|date=5 January 2017|work=The Library PK|access-date=14 January 2018|language=en-US}}</ref>
* ''Sharah Fatooh Ul Ghaib''<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thelibrarypk.com/sharah-fatooh-ul-ghaib-urdu/|title=Sharah Fatooh Ul Ghaib Urdu By Shaikh Abdul Haq Pdf - The Library PK|date=5 January 2017|work=The Library PK|access-date=14 January 2018|language=en-US}}</ref>
* ''Milad e Rasool e Azam''<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thelibrarypk.com/milad-e-rasool-e-azam-urdu/|title=Milad e Rasool e Azam Urdu By Shaikh Abdul Haq Pdf - The Library PK|date=5 January 2017|work=The Library PK|access-date=14 January 2018|language=en-US}}</ref>
* ''Tareekh e Madina''<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thelibrarypk.com/tareekh-e-madina-sheikh-abdul-haq-pdf/|title=Tareekh e Madina By Sheikh Abdul Haq Pdf - The Library PK|date=16 April 2016|work=The Library PK|access-date=14 January 2018|language=en-US}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[List of Islamic scholars]]

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

==Bibliography==
* {{cite thesis |last=Mohd |first=Aqeel |date= 2008 |title=Shaikh Abdul Haque's Contribution to the Science of Hadith |type=PhD |publisher=[[Aligarh Muslim University]] |url=http://ir.amu.ac.in/7745/ |access-date=7 February 2021}}

{{Hanafi scholars}}
{{Maturidi}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Abdul-Haqq Dehlavi}}
[[Category:Hanafis]]
[[Category:Maturidis]]
[[Category:16th-century Persian-language writers]]
[[Category:Historians from the Mughal Empire]]
[[Category:Educators from Delhi]]
[[Category:17th-century Indian writers]]
[[Category:16th-century Indian writers]]
[[Category:16th-century jurists]]
[[Category:17th-century jurists]]
[[Category:1551 births]]
[[Category:1642 deaths]]
[[Category:17th-century Persian-language writers]]
[[Category:16th-century Mughal Empire people]]
[[Category:17th-century Mughal Empire people]]
[[Category:17th-century Indian scholars]]

Pamposh Bhat

2026-02-09T06:03:14Z

EloyNoble34: adjusted layout as per guidelines per standard format

{{Short description|Indian environmentalist}}
{{BLP sources|date=June 2009}}
{{Use British English|date=September 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2014}}
{{Infobox person
|image =
|image_size = 185px
|caption = Pamposh Bhat
| name = Pamposh Bhat
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1958|9|19|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Bhopal]], Madhya Pradesh, India
| death_date =
| death_place =
| occupation = Managing trustee, jwala trust for sustainable development
| spouse = [[S. L. Bhat]]
| parents = Dulari and J.N Sarup
| children = Two
}}

'''Pamposh Bhat''' (born 19 September 1958) is a New Delhi–based environmentalist and award-winning writer.

==Education and career==
Bhat studied at St. Joseph's Convent at Bhopal and attended the University of Bhopal (now [[Barkatullah University]]) where she studied Science as an undergraduate student and was awarded an MSc in Chemistry by the University.

She began her career at the [[University of Kashmir]] as a research scholar engaged by the [[University Grants Commission (India)|University Grants Commission]] on a Phytochemistry research Project. She developed a strong interest in environmental policy during her tenure as a researcher and joined the United Nations Asia and Pacific Centre for Transfer of Technology (UN-APCTT) of the [[United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific]]. At UN-APCTT she worked to promote the use of renewable energy and environmentally sound technologies in the country. During her time at UN-APCTT she also edited ''VATIS Update'' a journal of technological developments and events in the field of Non-conventional Energy. She is married to a prominent IAS officer of J&K S.L Bhat who is currently the chief of JK Public Service Commission.{{citation needed|date=January 2025}}

Bhat joined GTZ-India, a German bilateral development agency in 2003. Her mandate at GTZ-India was to promote the [[Clean Development Mechanism]] (CDM) in the country and help build a sustainable carbon market in India.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.vibrantgujarat.com/sector-presentation/pdf/development_env/cdm_pomposh_bhatt.pdf|title=Adaptation to Climate Change GTZ Initiatives in India|access-date=28 June 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110717195812/http://www.vibrantgujarat.com/sector-presentation/pdf/development_env/cdm_pomposh_bhatt.pdf|archive-date=17 July 2011|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iisd.ca/climate/cop10/enbots/asc/enbots1505e.txt|title=ENB on the side - 10th Conference of the Parties to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change - Issue #5 |access-date=28 June 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title= Encyclopaedia of Environment|last=Gupta |first= K.R.|author-link= K.R. Gupta |year=2005 |publisher=Atlantic Publishers & Distributors |isbn= 81-269-0530-1|page=155 }}</ref>

An expert on climate change and renewable energy policy,<ref>{{cite press release| title = Draft Agenda: "Working Together to Respond to Climate Change", Annex I Expert Group Seminar in Conjunction with the OECD Global Forum on Sustainable Development, 27–28 March 2006, Paris Salle des Nations, Tour Europe, Paris–La Défense| publisher = [[Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development]]| url = http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/43/12/36278522.pdf | access-date = 28 June 2009}}</ref> she also held position of the country manager of the BMU CMD/JI Initiative in India.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jiko-bmu.de/english/service/host_country_information/doc/670.php|title=BMU CDM/JI Initiative|access-date=28 June 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090514012027/http://www.jiko-bmu.de/english/service/host_country_information/doc/670.php|archive-date=14 May 2009|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref> As an expert on the CDM, she has been retained as a climate policy advisor by the Indian states of [[Madhya Pradesh]], Rajasthan and [[West Bengal]].She is currently working as an advisor, [[climate change adaptation]] program, International Finance Corporation, world bank group and is a member of International advisory board of Abengoa, a company in the energy and environment sectors, generating energy from the sun, producing biofuels, desalinating sea water and recycling industrial waste.{{citation needed|date=January 2025}}

Bhat headed DFID Indo-British Climate Change Innovation Program and supported states of Maharashtra, Kerala, Odisha, Bihar, Assam and Chhattisgarh in developing state action plans for climate change and introduce concept of climate financing and prepare projects for national and International climate financing. She is at present heading India-EU clean energy and climate change partnership project which aims to cooperate on clean energy, sustainable development and climate related initiatives and support India in the implementation of the NDC's under Paris Agreement.{{citation needed|date=January 2025}}

Active in public life, she serves as the chairperson of the board of trustees for ''Jwala'', a civil society group that seeks to promote renewable energy and energy efficiency in India. She is a former member of the governing council of the Solar Energy Society of India. At present she is a member of the Central Electricity Regulatory Commission advisory committee.{{citation needed|date=January 2025}}

==Creative writing==
Bhat has penned two collections of poems, ''Trishna'' (1995) and ''Kshitij Ki Khoj Mein'' (1993). ''Kshitij Ki Khoj Mein'' was adjudged the winner of the Rajbhasha Award as the best entry by a vernacular author writing in Hindi.

In 2000, her short story ''Bub'' was made into an eponymous feature film [[Bub (film)|Bub]],<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1262868/|title=Bub the Father|website=[[IMDb]] |access-date=28 June 2009}}</ref> only the third feature film in the language and the first in 38 years.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/2002/12/09/stories/2002120904821300.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070121145606/http://www.hindu.com/2002/12/09/stories/2002120904821300.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=21 January 2007|title= Kashmiri film after four decades, Hindu Monday, Dec 09, 2002 |access-date=28 June 2009 | location=Chennai, India|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=9 December 2002}}</ref> The Film was awarded the [[Nargis Dutt Award for Best Feature Film on National Integration]] in the 2002 [[National Film Awards]] by the President of India.

==Awards==
* Bhat has been awarded the prestigious Rajbhasha Award for Poetry in 1995 for her work ''"Kshitij Ki Khoj Mein" (In search of the Horizon)''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://rajbhasha.nic.in/impleng.htm|title=Department of Official Language, Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India|access-date=28 June 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090619064723/http://rajbhasha.nic.in/impleng.htm|archive-date=19 June 2009|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

==Publications==
===Academic writing===
*Pamposh Bhat "Carbon Markets: The Post Copenhagen Scenario" PricewaterhouseCoopers Pvt Ltd and Multi Commodity Exchange of India Ltd's Commodity Insights Yearbook 2010
* Pamposh Bhat and Moksha Bhat, "Climate change: The way forward" in ''Reality Check on Environmental Change: A Multidimensional Study on its Impacts'', Times Foundation/[Times of India Group], India. May 2010
* Mikael Henzler, Peter Siegenthaler and Pamposh Bhat, ''Bamboo as a Resource for Sustainable Development in Asia: Concept Paper on behalf of UNDP'', [[UNDP]], New Delhi, 1999<ref name="adelphi-research.de">{{cite web|url=http://www.adelphi-research.de/de/team_publications/3.html |title=Publikationen von Mikael P. Henzler |access-date=28 June 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060426182311/http://www.adelphi-research.de/de/team_publications/3.html |archive-date=26 April 2006 }}</ref>
* Mikael Henzler and Pamposh Bhat, ''Impacts of Vegetable Dyes on Indian Textile Industries: Market Assessment on behalf of UNDP'', [[UNDP]], New Delhi, 1999<ref name="adelphi-research.de"/>
* Pamposh Bhat and Dr. M. L. Raina, ''Annual Report of the Research Project 1989 titled 'Chemical investigation of Aquatic Plants in Kashmir''', [[University Grants Commission (India)|University Grants Commission]], New Delhi, 1989
* Pamposh Bhat and Dr. M. L. Raina, ''Chemical investigation of Aquatic Plants in Kashmir'', Indian Chemical Society Journal, August 1989;
* Pamposh Bhat and Dr. M. L. Raina, ''Further Chemical Studies of Polygonum Linn'', Planta Medica, July 1989

===Poetry===
* ''Trishna'', Limited Circulation, Self Published, New Delhi, 1995
* ''Kshitij Ki Khoj Mein (In Search of the Horizon)'', Limited Circulation, Self Published, New Delhi, 1993

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [http://www.jwalaindia.org Jwala India]
* [http://www.business-standard.com/india/storypage.php?autono=327549 "India enjoys low-cost edge in carbon market" Business Standard, Sunday, 28 June 2009]
*[http://www.business-standard.com/india/storypage.php?autono=290162 "Media rap to hit carbon credits" Business Standard Newswire18 / Mumbai 6 July 2007]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080509012401/http://www.carbonyatra.com/expert_detail.php?id=39 "Interview with Pamposh Bhat"]

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bhat, Pamposh}}
[[Category:Indian environmental scientists]]
[[Category:Scientists from Bhopal]]
[[Category:1958 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian civil servants]]
[[Category:Kashmiri people]]
[[Category:Kashmiri Pandits]]
[[Category:Barkatullah University alumni]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian earth scientists]]
[[Category:Indian botanical writers]]
[[Category:Academic staff of the University of Kashmir]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian women civil servants]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian civil servants]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian women civil servants]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian civil servants]]

Nagendra Vijay

2026-02-08T18:00:19Z

EloyNoble34: made the details needs work

{{Short description|Indian science writer}}
{{BLP sources|date=December 2018}}
{{Infobox person
| image = Nagendra Vijay (2013).jpg
| caption = Nagendra Vijay at inauguration of Sarthak Prakashan, 2013
| name = Nagendra Vijay
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1944|12|15|df=y}}<ref name="Uk">{{Cite web|url=https://urvishkothari-gujarati.blogspot.com/2008/12/blog-post_13.html|title = નગેન્દ્રવિજયની અણનમ અડધી સદી|date = 13 December 2008}}</ref>
| occupation = Science journalist, editor
| parents = [[Vijaygupta Maurya]]
| children = Vishal Vasu, [[Harshal Pushkarna]]
}}

'''Nagendra Vijay''' (born 15 December 1944) is an Indian science writer in [[Gujarati language]]. He is a son of pioneering journalist and science writer [[Vijaygupta Maurya]]. He founded the first science magazine in the Gujarati language called Scope and wrote several books. The Nagendra Vijay Science Foundation also launched the English-language science magazine ''[[Safari magazine|Safari]]'', in March 2008,<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.financialexpress.com/news/Harshal-Publications-Launches---Safari----Innovative-Magazine-for-Gen-Next/280070/ | title=Harshal Publications Launches "Safari", Innovative Magazine for Gen Next | accessdate=2010-12-09 | date=2008-03-04 | publisher=Indian Express}}</ref><ref>Safari Magazine, Gujarati, issue 166, March 2008</ref> of which he is the Editor-in-Chief. He had previously published newsweekly ''Flash'' and a science magazine ''Scope''.<ref name="Uk"/> He has two sons: Vishal Vasu, an [[Information technology|IT]] consultant and [[Harshal Pushkarna]], a science author.

== List of books ==

* હેમ રેડીઓ (Ham Radio - also known as Amateur Radio) (Excellent book in Gujarati language giving complete overview of Ham Radio)
*
* General Knowledge Factfinder (જનરલ નોલેજ ફેક્ટફાઈન્ડર) (4 volumes)
* The Great Indian Robbery (1987) (Under Name Shushi Bhatia)
* Heli no Dhumketu (1986)
* Pastime Puzzles (પાસટાઈમ પઝલ્સ) (2 volumes)
* Hydroponics (હાઇડ્રોપોનિક્સ)
* Yuddh '71 (યુદ્ધ '૭૧)
* Yuddh '65 (only digital edition)
* Einstein and Relativity (આઇનસ્ટાઈન અને સાપેક્ષવાદ)
* Vishwavigrahni yaadgar yuddhakathao (વિશ્વવિગ્રહની યાદગાર યુદ્ધકથાઓઃ volume 1 to 3)
* Mathemagic (મેથેમેજિક)
* Samaysar (સમયસર)
* Safari Jokes (સફારી જોક્સ) (part 1 to 3)
* Vismaykarak Vigyan (વિસ્મયકારક વિજ્ઞાન)
* Mosad na Jasusi missiono (મોસાદના જાસૂસી મિશનો)
* Super quiz (સુપર ક્વિઝ)
* Cosmos (કોસ્મોસ)
* Aasan Angreji (આસાન અંગ્રેજી)
* Jate banavo: Model vimaan (જાતે બનાવો: મોડેલ વિમાન volume 1-2)
* Ek vakhat evu banyu (એક વખત એવું બન્યું...)
* 20th Century: Aitihasic Sadini 50 ajod satyaghatnao (20th Century: ઐતિહાસિક સદીની ૫૦ અજોડ સત્યઘટનાઓ) (edited by : [[Harshal Pushkarna]], his son)
* Prakriti ane Pranijagat (પ્રકૃતિ અને પ્રાણીજગત)

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Vijay, Nagendra}}
[[Category:Indian science journalists]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Gujarati-language Indian writers]]
[[Category:Indian editors]]
[[Category:1944 births]]

Raghunath Temple, Devprayag

2026-02-08T03:49:16Z

EloyNoble34: New new place

{{short description|Hindu temple in Devprayag, Tehri Garhwal district, Uttarakhand, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2017}}
{{Infobox Hindu temple
| name = Raghunathji Temple
| image = Raghunathji temple4.JPG
| alt =
| caption =
| map_type = India Uttarakhand
| map_caption = Location in [[Uttarakhand]]
| coordinates = {{coord|30|08|44|N|78|33|52|E|type:landmark_region:IN|display=inline,title}}
| country = [[India]]
| state = [[Uttarakhand]]
| district = [[Tehri Garhwal district|Tehri Garhwal]]
| location = [[Devprayag]]
| elevation_m =
| deity = Raghunathji ([[Rama]])
| festivals=
| architecture = [[Dravidian architecture]]
| temple_quantity =
| monument_quantity=
| inscriptions =
| year_completed =
| creator =
| website =
}}

'''Raghunathji Temple''' (also called '''Tirukantamenum Kadi Nagar''') in [[Devprayag]], a pilgrimage town in [[Tehri Garhwal district]] in [[Himalayas]] in the [[North India]]n state of [[Uttarakhand]], is dedicated to [[Vishnu]]. It is located 73 km from [[Rishikesh]] on the Rishikesh–Badrinath highway. Constructed in the [[Deula]] style, the temple is glorified in the ''[[Divya Prabandha|Nalayira Divya Prabandham]]'', the early medieval [[Tamil literature|Tamil]] canon of the [[Alvars|Alvar]] saints from the 6th–9th centuries CE. It is one of the 108 ''[[Divyadesam]]'' dedicated to Vishnu, who is worshipped as [[Rama|Raghunathji]] (Rama) and his consort [[Lakshmi]] as [[Sita]].

The temple was originally believed to have been established by [[Adi Shankara]] during the 8th century, with later expansions by the [[Garhwal Kingdom]]. The temple is located uphill on the confluence of the Alaknanda and Bhagirathi rivers, which becomes the [[river Ganga]] subsequently. Raghunathji is believed to have performed penance at this place to relieve himself of the curse committed by killing [[Ravana]]. The temple is maintained and administered by the Uttarakhand Tourism Development Board of the [[Government of Uttarakhand]].

Its believed that the mythical river [[Sarasvati River|Sarasvati]] flows directly under the deity at the temple. At times there is a small pool of water near the deity.

==Legend==
[[File:Devprayag2008.JPG|220px|left|thumb|Image of the temple on the hill]]
As per Hindu legend, the temple is associated with the times of ''[[Ramayana]]''. Raghunathji ([[Rama]], an [[avatar]] of [[Vishnu]]) is believed to performe penance at this place to relieve himself off the curse committed by killing [[Ravana]], a Brahmin [[rakshasa]] king.<ref>{{cite book|title=The Religions of India: A Concise Guide to Nine Major Faiths|last=Dalal|first=Roshan|page=302|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pNmfdAKFpkQC&q=raghunathji+temple+devaprayag&pg=PA302|publisher=Penguin Books India|year=2010|isbn=9780143415176}}</ref> While Rama was offering his prayers in the waters of Devaprayag, Pushpamala came to Rama for rescue. Rama killed the [[makara]] that was troubling her with his sword. Soon after killing, the sword went to heaven.<ref>{{cite book|title=The Cloudburst|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SIscAgAAQBAJ&q=devaprayag&pg=PA222|page=222|last=Banerjee|first=Subhro|publisher=Partridge Publishing|year=2013|isbn=9781482813586}}</ref> [[Brahma]], the Hindu god of creation, is once believed to have performed penance at this place and the place came to be known as ''Prayaga'', meaning the best place to do penance. As per the same legend, the Vataka tree (Banyan tree) in the place would withstand all earthly disasters and would remain through ages. Vishnu is believed to reside in the leaves of the tree.<ref name=R/> The [[Pandavas]] performed penance at this place before the [[Mahabharat|Mahabharata]] war. Sage [[Bharadwaja|Bharadvaja]] is also believed to have performed penance at this place and became of the seven sacred sages, the [[Saptarishi]]s.<ref name=R/>

==Architecture==
Raghunathji temple is located in [[Devprayag]], a town in [[Tehri Garhwal district]] in the [[North India]]n state of [[Uttarakhand]]. It is located {{convert|73|km|mi|abbr=on}} from [[Rishikesh]] on the Rishikesh - Badarinath highway in the lower [[Himalayas]], {{convert|1700|ft|m|abbr=on}} above sea level.<ref name=R/> It is located on the confluence of Alaknanda - Bhagirathi river, {{convert|618|m|km|abbr=on}} above the sea level.<ref>{{cite book|title=India - A Travel Guide|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=COHI7LlpkSAC&q=raghunathji+temple+devaprayag&pg=PA257|last=Sharma|first=Dr. Shiv|publisher=Diamond Pocket Books (P) Ltd.|year=2008|isbn=9788128400674|page=257}}</ref> The temple has a single precinct and all the shrines are enclosed in an enclosures. There are a number of smaller shrines in the temple for Badrinath, [[Adi Shankara]], [[Shiva]], [[Sita]] and [[Hanuman]] around the central shrine. The central shrine houses the image of Raghunathji, a granite image in standing posture. The central shrine has a [[Deula]], the conical roof over the sanctum.<ref name=history/> Devaprayag is located at an altitude of {{convert|618|m|ft|abbr=on}} from the mean sea level.<ref>{{cite book|title=Pilgrimage Centres of India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Qqei_Wo1qXwC&q=devaprayag+temple&pg=PA98|page=98|first=Brajesh|last=Kumar|isbn=9788171821853|publisher=Diamond Pocket Books (P) Ltd.|year=2003}}</ref>

==History==
[[File:Raghunathji’s Penance 2.jpg | thumb | 220x124px | right | This is the place where Raghunathji is believed to have performed penance after killing Ravana]]
The temple is originally in existence from the 9th to 10th century.<ref>{{cite book|title=Sacred Waters: A Pilgrimage to the Many Sources of the Ganga|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ctQvCgAAQBAJ&q=devaprayag+temple&pg=PT49|page=49|first=Stephen|last=Alter|publisher=Penguin UK|year=2009|isbn=9789352140763}}</ref> The temple was originally believed to have been established by [[Adi Shankara]] during the 8th century, with later expansions by the [[Garhwal Kingdom]]. [[Garhwal Himalaya|Garhwal]] (also the ruling dynasty), the region in [[Himalayas]], where the temple is located, is referred with the name for the first time in a copper plate inscription in the temple from the period of Raja Man Shah during 1610.<ref>[[#Rawat|Rawat 2002]], p. 18</ref> The temple received contributions from other rulers of the dynasty like Sahaj Pal, who donated a bell to the temple in 1551, as indicated by the inscriptions in the temple. Man Shah, the other ruler of the dynasty made contributions and is indicted in the inscriptions from 1610 CE.<ref>[[#Rawat|Rawat 2002]], p. 27</ref> The region was ruled by Raja Prithvi Pat Shah as seen from the inscriptions in the door and doorways in the temple dated to 1664.<ref>[[#Rawat|Rawat 2002]], p. 49</ref> King Jai Kirthi Shah who ruled the region during 1780, ended his life in the temple as he was betrayed by his courtsmen.<ref>[[#Rawat|Rawat 2002]], p. 60</ref>

It was damaged during an earthquake during 1893 and was built by the local king subsequently. In modern times, the temple is maintained and administered by the Uttarakhand Tourism Development Board of the [[Government of Uttarakhand]].<ref name=history>{{cite web|title=Deoprayag|url=http://uttarakhandtourism.gov.in/utdb/?q=deoprayag|publisher=Uttarakhand Tourism Development Board, Department of Tourism, Government of Uttarakhand|access-date=4 May 2016|year=2011}}</ref>

==Religious significance==
{{Multiple image|caption_align=center|header_align=center
|align=left
| total_width = 300
| width1 = 2448 | height1 = 3264
| width2 = 3264 | height2 = 2448
|direction=horizontal
|image1=Raghunathji temple2.JPG
|image2=Raghunathji temple5.JPG
|footer=Shrines of the temple
}}
[[Devaprayag]], the confluence where the temple is located, is counted out as one of the five famous confluences of [[Ganga]] in the [[Himalayas]], called [[Panch Prayag]]. These are centres of great religious influence and prominent pilgrimage centres.<ref>[[#Rawat|Rawat 2002]], p. 13</ref>
The temple finds mention in four of the eighteen sacred ''Puranas'', namely the ''[[Padma Purana]]'', ''[[Matsya Purana]]'', ''[[Kurma Purana]]'' and ''[[Agni Purana]]''.<ref name=R/> The temple is revered in ''[[Nalayira Divya Prabandham]]'', the 7th–9th century Vaishnava canon, by [[Peyazhwar|Peyalvar]], [[Nammazhwar|Nammalvar]], [[Thirumangai Azhwar|Thirumangai Alvar]] and [[Thirumalisai Alvar]]. The temple is classified as a ''[[Divyadesam|Divya Desam]]'', one of the 108 Vishnu temples that are mentioned in the book. The temple along with Devaprayag was originally a larger pilgrimage centre before the 19th century. On account of increased connectivity for [[Badrinath Temple]] in modern times, the temple has turned into a secondary pilgrimage centre.<ref name=hindu1>{{cite news|title=Set amidst Himalayan splendour|url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/life/2002/04/22/stories/2002042200160300.htm|newspaper=Business Line|date=22 April 2002|access-date=25 October 2015|last=Chakraborty|first=Uday K.}}</ref> It is believed that [[Adi Shankara]], the proponent of [[Advaita]] philosophy established the temple. A shrine is dedicated to him in the temple.<ref name=R>{{cite book|title=An introduction to religion and Philosophy - Tévarám and Tivviyappirapantam|url=https://archive.org/details/dli.jZY9lup2kZl6TuXGlZQdjZY2lZpy.TVA_BOK_0006115|last=R.|first=Dr. Vijayalakshmy|publisher=International Institute of Tamil Studies| location=Chennai|year=2001|edition=1st|pages=457–58}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist|3}}

==External links==
* {{cite book|title=Garhwal Himalayas: A study in historical perspective|publisher=Indus publishing|year=2002|last=Rawat|first=Ajay S.|ref=Rawat|isbn=8173871361}}

{{Famous Vishnu temples}}

[[Category:Divya Desams| ]]
[[Category:Hindu temples in Uttarakhand]]
[[Category:Tehri Garhwal district]]

Kanneda

2026-02-07T14:17:25Z

EloyNoble34: made new entry

{{Short description|2025 Indian television series}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2025}}
{{Infobox television
| image = Kanneda poster.jpg
| caption = Promotional release poster
| genre = {{Plainlist|
* [[Crime fiction|Crime]]
* [[Drama (film and television)|Drama]]
}}
| writer = {{ubl|[[Sandeep Jain]]|[[Rajiv Walia]]|[[Chandan Arora]]}}
| director = [[Chandan Arora]]
| starring = {{ubl|[[Parmish Verma]]|[[Mohammed Zeeshan Ayyub]]|[[Ranvir Shorey]]|[[Arunoday Singh]]|Aadar Malik|[[Jasmin Bajwa]]}}
| music = Parmish Verma
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| num_seasons = 
| num_episodes = 8 
| producer = Ajay G. Rai
| cinematography =
| editor =
| camera = [[Multi-camera]]
| runtime =
| company = [[JAR Pictures]]
| network = [[Disney+ Hotstar|JioHotstar]]
| first_aired = {{Start date|2025|3|21|df=yes}}
| last_aired =
| related =
}}
'''''Kanneda''''' is a 2025 Indian [[Hindi]]-language [[Crime fiction|crime]] [[Drama (film and television)|drama]] television series directed by [[Chandan Arora]]. Produced under [[JAR Pictures]], it stars [[Parmish Verma]], [[Mohammed Zeeshan Ayyub]], [[Ranvir Shorey]], [[Arunoday Singh]], Aadar Malik and [[Jasmin Bajwa]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Parmish Verma-starrer high-stakes thriller 'Kanneda' to premiere on JioHotstar in March |url=https://www.dtnext.in/entertainment/ott/parmish-verma-starrer-high-stakes-thriller-kanneda-to-premiere-on-jiohotstar-in-march-823480 |website=dtnext |language=en |date=18 February 2025}}</ref> The series premiered on 21 March 2025 on [[Disney+ Hotstar|JioHotstar]].<ref>{{cite web | last=Niyogi | first=Agnivo | title='Khakee: The Bengal Chapter', 'Kanneda' and other shows, films dropping on OTT this week | url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/khakee-the-bengal-chapter-kanneda-and-other-films-and-web-series-to-binge-this-weekend-photogallery/cid/2089680 | website=Telegraph India | date=19 March 2025}}</ref>

It follows the tale of an Indian Punjabi rapper in Vancouver, Canada surviving with discrimination, diss and drugs.

== Cast ==
* [[Parmish Verma]] as Nirmal Chahal
* [[Mohammed Zeeshan Ayyub]] as Rawat
* [[Ranvir Shorey]] as Ranjit bajwa
* [[Arunoday Singh]] as Sarabjit
* Aadar Malik as Daljeet
* [[Jasmin Bajwa]] as Harleen

== Production ==
{{multiple image
| total_width = 300
| image1 = Parmish Verma snapped promoting Kanneda.jpg
| image2 = Jasmin Bajwa snapped promoting Kanneda.jpg
| footer = [[Parmish Verma]] as Nimma (left) and [[Jasmin Bajwa]] as Harleen (right).
| align = left
| direction =
| caption1 =
| caption2 =
}}
[[Principal photography]] of the series reportedly began in 2023.<ref>{{cite web | last=ਰੰਧਾਵਾ | first=ਮਨਵੀਰ | title=OTT ਡੈਬਿਊ ਕਰਨ ਲਈ ਤਿਆਰ Parmish Verma, ਇਸ ਵੈੱਬ ਸੀਰੀਜ਼ 'ਚ ਆਵੇਗਾ | website=Pro Punjab Tv | url=https://propunjabtv.com/parmish-verma-ready-to-make-his-ott-debut-will-be-will-officially-release-on-voot/ | language=pa | date=10 April 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=Parmish Verma's Upcoming Web Series Female Lead Revealed. Here Is What We Know | url=https://kiddaan.com/parmish-vermas-upcoming-web-series-female-lead-revealed-here-is-what-we-know/ | website=Kiddaan | date=3 May 2023 | access-date=20 March 2025 | archive-date=21 June 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240621010210/https://kiddaan.com/parmish-vermas-upcoming-web-series-female-lead-revealed-here-is-what-we-know/ | url-status=live | last1=Team | first1=Kiddaan. com }}</ref> The trailer of the series was released on 26 February 2025.<ref>{{cite web | last=S | first=Hari Prasad | title=OTT Crime Thriller Web Series: ఓటీటీలోకి మరో క్రైమ్ థ్రిల్లర్ వెబ్ సిరీస్.. ట్రైలర్ రిలీజ్.. స్ట్రీమింగ్ డేట్ ఇదే | url=https://telugu.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/kanneda-web-series-ott-release-date-crime-thriller-web-series-trailer-released-jiohotstar-ott-121740563231937.html | website=Hindustantimes Telugu | date=26 February 2025 | language=te | access-date=20 March 2025 | archive-date=26 February 2025 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250226105853/https://telugu.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/kanneda-web-series-ott-release-date-crime-thriller-web-series-trailer-released-jiohotstar-ott-121740563231937.html | url-status=dead }}</ref>

== Music ==
{{Infobox album
| name = Kanneda
| type = Soundtrack
| artist = [[Parmish Verma]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = {{Start date|df=yes|2025|02|28}}<ref>{{cite web | title=Kanneda (Original Series Soundtrack) | url=https://music.apple.com/us/album/kanneda-original-series-soundtrack-ep/1798701806 | website=Apple Music - Web Player | date=28 February 2025}}</ref>
| recorded =
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Soundtrack]]
| length = {{duration|m=11|s=41}}
| language = [[Hindi]]
| label = Parmish Verma Films
| producer =
| prev_title =
| prev_year =
| next_title =
| next_year =
| misc =
}}
The music for Kanneda is composed by [[Parmish Verma]].<ref>{{cite web | title=Parmish Verma brings electrifying music to JioHotstar's upcoming thriller Kanneda | url=https://mediabrief.com/parmish-verma-brings-music-to-jiohotstars-kanneda/ | website=MediaBrief | date=10 March 2025}}</ref>

{{track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| headline = Tracklisting
| total_length = 11:41
| title1 = Assin Munde Aan Punjab De
| length1 = 2:06
| title2 = Desiya Da Daur
| length2 = 2:05
| title3 = Je Dar Kolon Daronge
| length3 = 2:17
| title4 = Saah
| length4 = 3:01
| title5 = Gori Police (Laal Rang Dian Akhan)
| length5 = 2:12
}}

== Release ==
The series was made available to stream on [[Disney+|JioHotstar]] on 21 March 2025.<ref>{{cite web | last=B | first=Praveen Chandra | title=Kanneda OTT Release: ಕನ್ನಡ ಅಲ್ಲ, ಇದು ಕನ್ನೆಡ; ಒಟಿಟಿಯತ್ತ ಅನಿರೀಕ್ಷಿತ ತಿರುವುಗಳಿರುವ ಆ್ಯಕ್ಷನ್ ಥ್ರಿಲ್ಲರ್‌ ವೆಬ್‌ ಸರಣಿ | url=https://kannada.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/kanneda-ott-release-parmish-verma-acted-series-where-to-watch-release-date-storyline-cast-details-here-pcp-181742266239162.html | website=Kannada Hindustan Times | date=18 March 2025 | language=kn }}</ref>

== Reception ==
Devesh Sharma of ''[[Filmfare]]'' gave three and a half stars out of five.<ref>{{cite web | last=Sharma | first=Devesh | title=Kanneda Season 1 Review | url=https://www.filmfare.com/news/web-series/kanneda-season-1-review-72257.html | website=Filmfare.com | date=21 March 2025}}</ref> Kanneda received 4 out of 5 stars from Vineeta Kumar of ''[[India Today]]''.<ref>{{cite web | last=Kumar | first=Vineeta | title=Kanneda review: Parmish Varma is fantastic in gangster drama beyond guns and goons | url=https://www.indiatoday.in/entertainment/ott/story/kanneda-review-parmish-varma-is-fantastic-in-gangster-drama-beyond-guns-and-goons-2696668-2025-03-21 | website=India Today | date=21 March 2025}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category|Kanneda}}
* {{IMDb title|35834854}}
* [https://www.hotstar.com/in/shows/kanneda/1271392097 ''Kanneda''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250321181615/https://www.hotstar.com/in/shows/kanneda/1271392097 |date=21 March 2025 }} on [[Disney+ Hotstar|JioHotstar]]

{{Disney+ Hotstar}}
{{Portal bar|India|Television}}

[[Category:2025 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:Hindi-language television shows]]
[[Category:Indian crime television series]]
[[Category:Indian drama television series]]
[[Category:Indian crime drama television series]]
[[Category:Hindi-language Disney+ Hotstar original programming]]
[[Category:Works about organized crime in Canada]]
[[Category:Television shows set in Vancouver]]
[[Category:Television series about organized crime]]

{{India-tv-prog-stub}}

1996 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election

2026-02-04T22:49:41Z

EloyNoble34: fixed structure for consistency further and corrected details for accuracy

{{Short description|none}}
{{No footnotes|date=January 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2019}}
{{Infobox election
| election_name = 1996 Uttar Pradesh legislative assembly election
| country = India
| flag_year = 1996
| type = Legislative
| ongoing = no
| party_colour =
| previous_election = 1993 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election
| previous_year = 1993
| election_date = 30 September and 7 October 1996
| next_election = {{nowrap|[[2002 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2002 (UP)]] → [[2002 Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly election|2002 (UK)]]}}
| next_year = {{nowrap|[[2002 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2002 (UP)]] → [[2002 Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly election|2002 (UK)]]}}
| seats_for_election = All 425 seats of [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]
| majority_seats = 213
| opinion_polls =
| turnout = 55.73% ({{decrease}} 1.40%)

| image1 = {{CSS image crop|Image=Kalyan Singh 2.jpg|bSize=100|cWidth=80|cHeight=100|oLeft=10|oTop=03}}
| leader1 = [[Kalyan Singh]]
| colour1 = FF9900
| party1 = [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
| alliance1 = [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]+[[Samata Party|SAP]]
| leader_since1 =
| leaders_seat1 = [[Atrauli Assembly constituency|Atrauli]]
| last_election1 = 177
| seats1 = 174
| seat_change1 = {{decrease}} 3
| popular_vote1 = 18,028,820
| percentage1 = 32.52%
| swing1 = {{decrease}} 0.78%

| map_image =
| map_size =
| map_caption =

| title = [[List of Chief Ministers of Uttar Pradesh|Chief Minister]]
| before_election = [[President's Rule]]
| before_party =
| after_election = [[Mayawati]]
| after_party = Bahujan Samaj Party
| image2 = {{CSS image crop|Image=Uttar Pradesh Chief Minister Shri.Mulayam Singh Yadav, addressing at the National Development Council, New Delhi on December 9, 2006 (cropped).jpg|bSize=100|cWidth=80|cHeight=100|oLeft=10|oTop=06}}
| leader2 = [[Mulayam Singh Yadav]]
| leader_since2 =
| colour2=ED0E0E
| party2= Samajwadi Party
| alliance2 = [[Samajwadi Party|SP]] + [[Janata Dal|JD]]+ [[All India Indira Congress (Tiwari)|AIIC(T)]]+ [[Bharatiya Kisan Kamgar Party|BKKP]]
| leaders_seat2 = [[Sahaswan Assembly constituency|Sahaswan]]
| seats2 = 110
| last_election2 = 109
| seat_change2 = {{increase}} 1
| popular_vote2 = 12,085,226
| percentage2 = 21.80%
| swing2 = {{increase}} 3.86%

| image3 = {{CSS image crop|Image=Mayawati.jpg|bSize=100|cWidth=80|cHeight=100|oLeft=10|oTop=03}}
| leader3 = [[Mayawati]]
| party3 = Bahujan Samaj Party
| alliance3 = [[Bahujan Samaj Party|BSP]]+[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
| leader_since3 =
| leaders_seat3 = [[Bilsi Assembly constituency|Bilsi]] [[Harora Assembly constituency|Harora]] [[Sri Nagar Assembly constituency|Sri Nagar]]
| seats3 = 67
| last_election3 = 67
| seat_change3 = {{steady}}
| popular_vote3 = 10,890,716
| percentage3 = 19.64%
| swing3 = {{increase}} 8.52%
}}

Legislative Assembly elections were held in [[Uttar Pradesh]] in 1996. The [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] remained the largest party, winning 174 of the 425 seats.

== Result==
{|class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!colspan=7 align=center|[[File:Uttar Pradesh Vidhan Sabha Result 1996.svg]]
|-
! colspan="2" |Party
! Contested
! Won
! Votes
! %
! Seats change
|-
| bgcolor= {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} |
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| 414
| 174
| 18,028,820
| 32.52
| {{decrease}} 3
|-
| bgcolor= {{party color|Samajwadi Party}}|
|[[Samajwadi Party]]
| 281
| 110
| 12,085,226
| 21.80
| {{increase}} 1
|-
| bgcolor= {{party color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}|
|[[Bahujan Samaj Party]]
| 296
| 67
| 10,890,716
| 19.64
| {{Steady}}
|-
| bgcolor= {{party color|Indian National Congress}}|
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| 126
| 33
| 4,626,663
| 8.35
| {{increase}} 5
|-
| bgcolor= {{party color|Independent politician}}|
|[[Independent politician|Independent]]
| 2031
| 13
| 3,615,932
| 6.52
| {{increase}} 5
|-
| bgcolor=#F7DF05|
|[[Bharatiya Kisan Kamgar Party]]
| 38
| 8
| 1,065,730
| 1.92
| {{increase}} 8 (new)
|-
| bgcolor= {{party color|Janata Dal}}|
|[[Janata Dal]]
| 54
| 7
| 1,421,528
| 2.56
| {{decrease}} 20
|-
| bgcolor= {{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}|
|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]
| 11
| 4
| 1,421,528
| 0.77
| {{increase}} 3
|-
| bgcolor= {{party color|All India Indira Congress (Tiwari)}}|
|[[All India Indira Congress (Tiwari)]]
| 37
| 4
| 735,327
| 1.33
| {{increase}} 4 (new)
|-
| bgcolor= {{party color|Samata Party}}|
|[[Samta Party]]
| 9
| 2
| 221,866
| 0.40
| {{increase}} 2 (new)
|-
| bgcolor= {{party color|Communist Party of India}}|
|[[Communist Party of India]]
| 15
| 1
| 327,231
| 0.59
| {{decrease}} 2
|-
| bgcolor= {{party color|Samajwadi Janata Party (Rashtriya)}}|
|[[Samajwadi Janata Party (Rashtriya)]]
| 77
| 1
| 325,787
| 0.59
| {{increase}} 1 (new)
|-
|}

== Government Formation ==
The elections led to a hung assembly, and a further period of President's rule, before the BJP and the BSP formed an alliance with the BJP, allowing Mayawati to become Chief Minister in March 1997. Kalyan Singh became Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh for the second time in September 1997, taking the post over from Mayawati as part of their power-sharing agreement. In February 1998, his government withdrew cases against those accused in the Babri Masjid demolition, stating that a Ram temple would be built at the site if the BJP were to take power in Delhi.The BSP and BJP came into conflict over the policies that the BSP government had implemented targeting Dalit social welfare.On 21 October 1997 the BSP withdrew support for Singh's government.

Singh continued in office with the support of a breakaway faction of the BSP, and a breakaway faction of the INC, led by INC MLA Naresh Agrawal, the Akhil Bharatiya Loktantrik Congress. Singh's administration ended many of the BSP's Dalit-focused programmes soon after taking office.

On 21 February 1998, Singh's government was dismissed by the Governor of Uttar Pradesh, Romesh Bhandari, after Agrawal withdrew support to Singh's government. Bhandari invited Jagdambika Pal of the INC to form a new government, in which Agrawal became deputy chief minister.Bhandari's order was stayed by a division bench of the Allahabad High Court, which reinstated Singh's administration two days after its dismissal.

As a member of the Lodhi community, Singh commanded support among Other Backward Class (OBC) groups, and his affiliation with the BJP had allowed it to expand its support beyond its traditional upper-caste base. However, he began to be seen as a "patron of the backward castes" by upper-caste members of his own party, and to face opposition as a result. Dissension within the party occurred at the same time as an increase in crime that Singh's administration was unable to control, and in May 1999, 36 BJP legislators resigned in protest at the continuation of Singh's administration.The BJP's central administration replaced Singh as Chief Minister with Rajnath Singh.

==Elected members==
{{static row numbers}}
{| class="static-row-numbers sortable wikitable"
!Constituency
!Reserved for ([[Scheduled Castes|SC]]/[[Scheduled Tribes|ST]]/None)
!Member
!colspan=2|Party
|-
| Uttarkashi || SC || Gyan Chand || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Tehri || None || [[Lakhiram Joshi]] || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Deoprayag || None || [[Matbar Singh Kandari]] || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Lansdowne || None || [[Bharat Singh Rawat]] || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Pauri || None || [[Mohan Singh Rawat]] || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Karanprayag || None || [[Ramesh Pokhariyal Nishank]] || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Badrikedar || None || [[Kedar Singh Phonia]] || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Didihat || None || [[Bishan Singh Chuphal|Vishan Singh]]|| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Pithoragarh || None || [[Krishna Chandra Punetha]] || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Almora || None || [[Raghunath Singh Chauhan]] || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Bageshwar || SC || [[Narayan Ram Das]] || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Ranikhet || None || [[Ajay Bhatt]] || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Nainital || None || [[Banshidhar Bhagat]] || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Khatima || None || Suresh Chandra Arya || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Haldwani || None || [[Tilak Raj Behar]] || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Kashipur || None || [[Karan Chand Singh Baba]]|| {{Full party name with color|All India Indira Congress (Tiwari)}}
|-
| Seohara || None || Ved Prakash Singh || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Dhampur || None || Mool Chand || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
| Afzalgarh || None || Indra Dev || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Nagina || SC || [[Omwati Devi]] || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
| Nazibabad || SC || Ramswaroop Singh || {{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}
|-
| Bijnor || None || Raja Gazaffar || {{Full party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|-
| Chandpur || None || [[Swami Omvesh]] || {{Full party name with color|Independent (politician)}}
|-
| Kanth || None || Rajesh Kumar Urf Chunnu || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Amroha || None || Mangal Singh || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Hasanpur || None || Ch. Rifaqat Husain || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
| Gangeshwari || SC || Tota Ram || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Sambhal || None || Iqbal Mehmood || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
| Bahjoi || None || Brijendra Pal Singh || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
| Chandausi || SC || [[Gulab Devi]] || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Kundarki || None || Akbar Husain || {{Full party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|-
| Moradabad West || None || Jagat Pal Singh || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Moradabad || None || Sandeep Agarwal || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Moradabad Rural || None || Saulat Ali || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
| Thakurdwara || None || [[Sarvesh Kumar]] Urf Rakesh || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Suartanda || None || [[Shiv Bahadur Saxena]] || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Rampur || None || Afroz Ali Khan || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| Bilaspur || None || Kazim Ali Khan Alias Naved Mian || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| Shahabad || SC || Swami Parmanand Dandi || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
| Bisauli || None || Yogendra Kumar || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
| Gunnour || None || Ram Khiladi || {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|-
| Sahaswan || None || [[Mulayam Singh Yadav]] || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
| Bilsi || SC || [[Mayawati]] || {{Full party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|-
| Budaun || None || Prem Swaroop Pathak || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Usehat || None || [[Bhagwan Singh Shakya]]|| {{Full party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|-
| Binawar || None || Ram Sevak Singh || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Dataganj || None || Prem Pal Singh Yadav || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
| Aonla || None || [[Dharampal Singh]] || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Sunha || None || Suman Lata Singh || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Faridpur || SC || Nand Ram || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
| Bareilly Cantonment || None || Ashfaq Ahmad || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
| Bareilly City || None || [[Rajesh Agarwal]] || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Nawabganj || None || [[Chhotey Lal Gangwar]] || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
| Bhojipura || None || [[Bahoran Lal Maurya|Wahoran Lal Maurya]] || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Kawar || None || Surendra Pratap Singh || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Baheri || None || Harish Chandra Gangwar || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Pilibhit || None || Raj Rai Singh || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Barkhera || SC || Peetam Ram || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Janata Party (Rashtriya)}}
|-
| Bisalpur || None || Anis Khan || {{Full party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|-
| Puranpur || None || Gopal Krishna || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
| Powayan || SC || [[Chet Ram]] || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| Nigohi || None || Kovid Kumar || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Tilhar || None || [[Virendra Pratap Singh]] Alias "munna" || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| Jalalabad || None || Sharad Veer Singh || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
| Dadraul || None || Ram Autar Misra || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| Shahjahanpur || None || [[Suresh Kumar Khanna]] || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Mohammadi || SC || Krishna Raj || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Haiderabad || SC || Arvind Giri || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
| Paila || None || Moti Lal || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
| Lakhimpur || None || Kaushal Kishor || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
| Srinagar || None || Mayavati || {{Full party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|-
| Nighasan || None || Ram Kumar Verma || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Dhaurehara || None || Saraswati Pratap Singh || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| Behta || None || Mahendra Kumar || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
| Biswan || None || Ajit Kumar Mehrotra || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Mahmoodabad || None || Ammar Rizvi || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| Sidhauli || SC || Shyam Lal Rawat || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
| Laharpur || None || Buniyad Husain Ansari || {{Full party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|-
| Sitapur || None || Radhey Shyam Jaiswal || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
| Hargaon || SC || Ramesh Rahi || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
| Misrikh || None || Om Prakash Gupta || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
| Machhrehta || SC || Rampal Rajvanshi || {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|-
| Beniganj || SC || Ram Pal Verma || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
| Sandila || None || Abdul Mannan || {{Full party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|-
| Ahirori || SC || [[Shyam Prakash]] || {{Full party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|-
| Hardoi || None || [[Naresh Chandra Agarwal]] || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| Bawan || SC || Chhote Lal || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Pihani || None || [[Ashok Bajpai]] || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
| Shahabad || None || Baboo Khan || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
| Bilgram || None || Ganga Singh Chauhan || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Mallawan || None || Dharmagya Misra || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
| Bangarmau || None || Ram Shankar Pal || {{Full party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|-
| Safipur || SC || Babu Lal || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Unnao || None || Deepak Kumar || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
| Hadha || None || Ganga Bux Singh || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| Bhagwant Nagar || None || Kripa Shankar Singh || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Purwa || None || Udai Raj || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
| Hasanganj || SC || Mast Ram || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Malihabad || SC || Gauri Shankar || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
| Mohana || None || Gomti Yadav || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Lucknow East || None || Vidya Sagar Gupta || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Lucknow West || None || [[Lal Ji Tandon]] || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Lucknow Central || None || Suresh Kumar Srivastava || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Lucknow Cantonment || None || Suresh Chandra Tiwari || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Sarojini Nagar || None || Shyam Kishore Yadav || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
| Mohanlalganj || SC || [[R.K.Chaudhary]] || {{Full party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|-
| Bachhrawan || SC || Shyam Sunder || {{Full party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|-
| Tiloi || None || Muslim || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
| Rae Bareli || None || [[Akhilesh Kumar Singh]] || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| Sataon || None || [[Shiv Ganesh Lodhi]]|| {{Full party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|-
| Sareni || None || Ashok Kumar Singh || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
| Dalmau || None || [[Swami Prasad Maurya]] || {{Full party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|-
| Salon || SC || Dal Bahadur Kori || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Kunda || None || Kunwar [[Raghuraj Pratap Singh]] Raja Bhaiya || {{Full party name with color|Independent (politician)}}
|-
| Bihar || SC || Ramnath || {{Full party name with color|Independent (politician)}}
|-
| Rampurkhas || None || [[Pramod Tiwari]] || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| Garwara || None || Rajaram || {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|-
| Pratapgarh || None || Chandra Nath Singh || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
| Birapur || None || Shivakant || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Patti || None || Rajendra Pratap Singh Alias Moti Singh || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Amethi || None || Ram Harsh Singh || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| Gauriganj || None || Tej Bhan Singh || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Jagdishpur || SC || Ram Lakhan || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Isauli || None || Jai Narain Tiwari || {{Full party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|-
| Sultanpur || None || Surya Bhan || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Jaisinghpur || None || Ram Ratan Yadav || {{Full party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|-
| Chanda || None || Arun Pratap Singh || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Kadipur || SC || Kashi Nath || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Katehari || None || [[Dharmraj Nishad]] || {{Full party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|-
| Akbarpur || None || [[Ram Achal Rajbha]]r || {{Full party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|-
| Jalalpur || None || Sher Bahadur || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Jahangirganj || SC || Bheem Prasad || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
| Tanda || None || [[Lalji Verma]] || {{Full party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|-
| Ayodhya || None || [[Lallu Singh]] || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Bikapur || None || Sita Ram Nishad || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
| Milkipur || None || [[Mitra Sen Yadav]] || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
| Sohawal || SC || [[Awdhesh Prasad]] || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
| Rudauli || None || Ramdev Acharya || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Dariyabad || SC || Rajiv Kumar Singh || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Siddhaur || None || Kamla Prasad Rawat || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
| Haidergarh || None || Surendra Nath || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| Masauli || None || Farid Mahfooz Kidwai || {{Full party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|-
| Nawabganj || None || Sangram Singh || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| Fatehpur || SC || Hardeo Singh || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
| Ramnagar || None || Sarvar Ali Khan || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
| Kaiserganj || None || Ram Tej Yadav || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
| Fakharpur || None || Arun Veer Singh || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
| Mahsi || None || Dilip Kumar || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
| Nanpara || None || Jata Shankar || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Charda || SC || Shabbeer Ahmad || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
| Bhinga || None || Chandra Mani Kant Singh || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Bahraich || None || Waqar Ahmad Shah || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
| Ikauna || SC || Akshaybar Lal || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Gainsari || None || Bindu Lal || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Tulsipur || None || Rizwan Jahir Urf Rijju Bhaiya || {{Full party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|-
| Balrampur || None || Vinai Kumar Pandey "binnu" || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| Utraula || None || Ubaidur Rahman || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
| Sadullah Nagar || None || Ram Pratap Singh || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Mankapur || SC || Ram Vishun Azad || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
| Mujehna || None || Ram Pal Singh || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
| Gonda || None || Vinod Kumar Singh Urf Pandit Singh || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
| Katra Bazar || None || Bawan Singh || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Colonelganj || None || Ajai Pratap Singh Urf Lalla Bhaiya || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Dixir || SC || Ramapati Shashtri || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Harraiya || None || Sukhpal Pandey || {{Full party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|-
| Captainganj || None || [[Ram Prasad Chaudhary]] || {{Full party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|-
| Nagar East || SC || Ved Prakash || {{Full party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|-
| Basti || None || [[Jagdambika Pal]] || {{Full party name with color|All India Indira Congress (Tiwari)}}
|-
| Ramnagar || None || Ram Lalit Chaudhary || {{Full party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|-
| Domariaganj || None || Taufiq Ahmad || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
| Itwa || None || Mohd. Mukeem || {{Full party name with color|Independent (politician)}}
|-
| Shohratgarh || None || Ravindra Pratap Urf Pappu Chaudhary || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Naugarh || None || Dhanraj Yadao || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Bansi || None || Jai Pratap Singh || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Khesraha || None || Diwakar Vikram Singh || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| Menhdawal || None || Abdul Kalam || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
| Khalilabad || None || Ram Asrey Paswan || {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|-
| Hainsarbazar || SC || Lal Mani Prasad || {{Full party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|-
| Bansgaon || SC || Sant || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Dhuriapar || SC || Markandey Chand || {{Full party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|-
| Chillupar || None || [[Hari Shankar Tiwari]] || {{Full party name with color|All India Indira Congress (Tiwari)}}
|-
| Kauriram || None || Gauri Devi || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
| Mundera Bazar || SC || Bechan Ram || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Pipraich || None || Jitendra Kumar Jaiswal Urf Pappu Bhaiya || {{Full party name with color|Independent (politician)}}
|-
| Gorakhpur || None || [[Shiv Pratap Shukla]] || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Maniram || None || Subhawati Devi || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
| Sahjanwa || None || Tarkeshwar Prasad Shukla || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Paniara || None || Fateh Bahadur || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| Pharenda || None || Vinod Mani || {{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}
|-
| Luxmipur || None || Amar Mani || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| Siswa || None || Shivendra Singh Urf Shiv Babu || {{Full party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|-
| Maharajganj || SC || Chandra Kishor || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Shyamdeurawa || None || Gyanendra Singh || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Naurangia || SC || Deep Lal Bharti || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Ramkola || None || Radhey Shyam || {{Full party name with color|Independent (politician)}}
|-
| Hata || SC || Ram Nakshatra || {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|-
| Padrauna || None || Ratan Jeet Pratap Narain Singh || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| Seorahi || None || Anand Prakash || {{Full party name with color|Independent (politician)}}
|-
| Fazilnagar || None || Vishwanath || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
| Kasia || None || Surya Pratap Shahi || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Gauri Bazar || None || Sri Niwas Mani || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Rudrapur || None || Jai Prakash Nishad || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Deoria || None || Subash Chandra Srivastav || {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|-
| Bhatpar Rani || None || Yogendra Singh || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
| Salempur || None || [[Murad Lari|Morad Lari]] || {{Full party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|-
| Barhaj || None || Prem Prakash || {{Full party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|-
| Nathupur || None || Sudhakar || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
| Ghosi || None || Fagoo || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Sagri || None || Ram Pyare || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
| Gopalpur || None || Wasim Ahmad || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
| Azamgarh || None || Durga Prasad || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
| Nizamabad || None || Alam Badi || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
| Atraulia || None || Vibhuti Prasad Nishad || {{Full party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|-
| Phulpur || None || Ram Naresh Yadav || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| Saraimir || SC || Heera Lal || {{Full party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|-
| Mehnagar || SC || Ram Jug || {{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}
|-
| Lalganj || None || Narendra || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Mubarakpur || None || Yashwant || {{Full party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|-
| Muhammadabad Gohna || SC || Sri Ram || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Mau || None || [[Mukhtar Ansari]] || {{Full party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|-
| Rasra || SC || Anil Kumar || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Siar || None || Harinarain || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Chilkahar || None || Chhote Lal || {{Full party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|-
| Sikanderpur || None || Rajdhari || {{Full party name with color|Samata Party}}
|-
| Bansdih || None || Bachcha Pathak || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| Doaba || None || Bharat Singh || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Ballia || None || Manju || {{Full party name with color|Independent (politician)}}
|-
| Kopachit || None || Ambika Chaudhary || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
| Zahoorabad || None || Ganesh || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Mohammadabad || None || Afjal Ansari || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
| Dildarnagar || None || Om Prakash || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
| Zamania || None || Kailash || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
| Ghazipur || None || Rajendra || {{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India}}
|-
| Jakhania || SC || Vijay Kumar || {{Full party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|-
| Sadat || SC || Bhonu || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
| Saidpur || None || Mahendra Nath || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Dhanapur || None || Prabhu Narayan || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
| Chandauli || SC || Shiv Poojan Ram || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Chakiya || SC || Satya Prakash Sonkar || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
| Mughalsarai || None || Chhabbu Patel || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Varanasi Cantonment || None || Harish Chandra (harish Ji) || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Varanasi South || None || Shyam Dev Rai Chawdhri (dada) || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Varanasi North || None || Abdul Kalam || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
| Chiraigaon || None || Virendra Singh || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| Kolasla || None || Ajai Rai || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Gangapur || None || Bachnu Ram Patel || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Aurai || None || Rangnath || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Gyanpur || None || Gorakhnath || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Bhadohi || SC || Purnmasi Pankaj || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Barsathi || None || Vanshnarain || {{Full party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|-
| Mariahu || None || Paras Nath Yadav || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
| Kerakat || SC || Ashok Kumar || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Bayalsi || None || Jagdish Narain (munna) || {{Full party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|-
| Jaunpur || None || Afjal Ahmad || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
| Rari || None || Shriram Yadava || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
| Shahganj || SC || Bankey Lal Sonkar || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Khutahan || None || Umakant Yadav || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
| Garwara || None || Seema Dwivedi || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Machhlishahr || None || Jwala Prasad Yadav || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
| Dudhi || SC || Vijay Singh || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
| Robertsganj || SC || Hari Prasad Urf Ghamadi || {{Full party name with color|Independent (politician)}}
|-
| Rajgarh || None || Lok Pati Tripathi || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| Chunar || None || Om Prakash Singh || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Majhwa || None || [[Ram Chandra Maurya]]|| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Mirzapur || None || Sarjeet Singh || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Chhanbey || SC || Bhai Lal || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Meja || SC || Ram Kripal || {{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}
|-
| Karchana || None || Revti Raman Singh Urf Mani || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
| Bara || None || Ram Sewak Singh || {{Full party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|-
| Jhusi || None || Vijma Yadav || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
| Handia || None || Rakesh Dhar Tripathi || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Pratappur || None || Jokhu Lal || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
| Soraon || None || Rang Bahadur Patel || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Nawabganj || None || [[Vikramjeet Maurya]] || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| Allahabad North || None || Narendra Kumar Singh Gaur || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Allahabad South || None || Keshri Nath Tripathi || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Allahabad West || None || Atik Ahmed || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
| Chail || SC || Vijai Prakash || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| Manjhanpur || SC || Indrajeet Saroj || {{Full party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|-
| Sirathu || SC || Matesh Chandra Sonker || {{Full party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|-
| Khaga || None || [[Munna Lal Maurya]] || {{Full party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|-
| Kishunpur || SC || Murli Dhar || {{Full party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|-
| Haswa || None || Ayodhya Prasad Pal || {{Full party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|-
| Fatehpur || None || Radhey Shyam Gupta || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Jahanabad || None || Qasim Hasan || {{Full party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|-
| Bindki || None || Rajendra Singh Patel || {{Full party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|-
| Aryanagar || None || Mushtaq Solanki || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
| Sisamau || SC || Rakesh Sonkar || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Generalganj || None || Neeraj Chaturvedi || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Kanpur Cantonment || None || [[Satish Mahana]] || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Govind Nagar || None || Bal Chandra Misra || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Kalyanpur || None || Prem Lata Katiyar || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Sarsaul || None || [[Ram Asrey Singh Kushwaha]]|| {{Full party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|-
| Ghatampur || None || Raja Ram Pal || {{Full party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|-
| Bhognipur || SC || Radheyshyam || {{Full party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|-
| Rajpur || None || Chaudhari Narendra Singh || {{Full party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|-
| Sarvankhera || None || Mathura Prasad || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Chaubepur || None || Harikishan || {{Full party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|-
| Bilhaur || SC || Bhagwati Prasad || {{Full party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|-
| Derapur || None || Devendra Singh Alias Bhole Singh || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Auraiya || None || Lal Singh Verma || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Ajitmal || SC || Mohar Singh Ambadi || {{Full party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|-
| Lakhna || SC || Sukh Devi Verma || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
| Etawah || None || Jayvir Singh Bhadoria || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Jaswantnagar || None || [[Shivpal Singh Yadav]] || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
| Bharthana || None || Maharaj Singh Yadav || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
| Bidhuna || None || Dhani Ram Verma || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
| Kannauj || SC || Banwari Lal Dohrey || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Umarda || None || Kailash Singh Rajput || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Chhibramau || None || Chhote Singh Yadav || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
| Kamalganj || None || Jamalluddin Siddiqui || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
| Farrukhabad || None || Brahma Dutt Dwivedi || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Kaimganj || None || [[Sushil Kumar Shakya|Sushil Shakya]] || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Mohammdabad || None || Narendra Singh Yadav || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
| Manikpur || SC || Daddoo Prasad || {{Full party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|-
| Karwi || None || [[R. K. Singh Patel]] || {{Full party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|-
| Baberu || None || Shiv Shankar || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Tindwari || None || Mahendra Pal Nishad || {{Full party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|-
| Banda || None || Vivek Kumar Singh || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| Naraini || None || [[Babu Lal Kushwaha]] || {{Full party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|-
| Hamirpur || None || Shivcharan Prajapati || {{Full party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|-
| Maudaha || None || Badshah Singh || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Rath || None || Ramadhar Singh || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
| Charkhari || SC || Chhote Lal || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Mahoba || None || Arimardan Singh || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
| Mehroni || None || Pooran Singh Bundela || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| Lalitpur || None || Arvind Kumar Jain || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Jhansi || None || Ravindra Shukla || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Babina || SC || Shatish Jatariya || {{Full party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|-
| Mauranipur || None || Bihari Lal Arya || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| Garautha || None || Chandra Pal Singh Yadav || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
| Konch || SC || Daya Shankar || {{Full party name with color|Independent (politician)}}
|-
| Orai || None || Babu Ram || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Kalpi || None || Shreeram || {{Full party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|-
| Madhogarh || None || Sant Ram Singh || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| [[Bhongaon Assembly constituency|Bhongaon]]|| None || [[Ram Autar Shakya]] || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
| Kishni || SC || Rameshwar Dayal Balmiki || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
| Karhal || None || Baboo Ram Yadav || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
| Shikohabad || None || Ashok Yadav || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Jasrana || None || Ramveer Singh || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
| Ghiror || None || Urmila Devi || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
| Mainpuri || None || Manik Chand Yadav || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
| Aliganj || None || Rameshwar Singh Yadav || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
| Patiyali || None || Kunwar Davendra Singh Yadav || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
| Sakeet || None || Virendra Singh || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
| Soron || None || Omkar || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Kasganj || None || Netram Singh || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Etah || None || Shishu Pal Singh Yadav || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
| Nidhauli Kalan || None || Om Prakash || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Jalesar || SC || Mithlesh Kumari || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Firozabad || None || Raghubar Dayal Verma || {{Full party name with color|Samata Party}}
|-
| Bah || None || Raja Mahendra Aridaman Singh || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Fatehabad || None || Vijay Pal Singh || {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|-
| Tundla || SC || Shiv Singh || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Etmadpur || SC || Ganga Prasad Pushkar || {{Full party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|-
| Dayalbagh || None || Seth Kishan Lal Baghel || {{Full party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|-
| Agra Cantonment || None || Kesho Mehra || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Agra East || None || Satya Prakash Vikal || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Agra West || SC || Ram Babu Harit || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Kheragarh || None || Mandleshwar Singh || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| Fatehpur Sikri || None || Babulal || {{Full party name with color|Independent (politician)}}
|-
| Goverdhan || SC || Ajay Kumar Poeia || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Mathura || None || Ram Swaroop Sharma || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Chhata || None || Laxminarayan || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| Mat || None || Shyam Sundar Sharma || {{Full party name with color|All India Indira Congress (Tiwari)}}
|-
| Gokul || None || Sardar Singh || {{Full party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|-
| Sadabad || None || Vishambhar Singh || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Hathras || None || Ram Vir Upadhyay || {{Full party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|-
| Sasni || SC || Hari Shankar Mahore || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Sikandara Rao || None || Yashpal Singh Chauhan || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Gangiri || None || Ram Singh || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Atrauli || None || [[Kalyan Singh]] || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Aligarh || None || Abdual Khaliq || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
| Koil || SC || Ram Sakhi || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Iglas || None || Malkhan Singh || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Barauli || None || Dal Vir Singh || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| Khair || None || Gyan Wati || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Jewar || SC || Horam Singh || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Khurja || None || Har Pal Singh || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Debai || None || Kalyan Singh || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Anupshahr || None || Satish Sharma || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| Siana || None || Rakesh Tyagi || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| Agota || None || Virendra Singh Sirohi || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Bulandshahr || None || Mahendra Singh Yadav || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Sikandrabad || None || Narendra Singh Bhati || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
| Dadri || None || Nawab Singh Nagar || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Ghaziabad || None || Baleshwar Tyagi || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Muradnagar || None || Raj Pal Tyagi || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
| Modinagar || None || Narendra Singh Sisodiya || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Hapur || SC || Jay Prakash || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Garhmukteshwar || None || Ram Naresh || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Kithore || None || [[Parvez Haleem Khan]] || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Kisan Kamgar Party}}
|-
| Hastinapur || SC || Atul Kumar || {{Full party name with color|Independent (politician)}}
|-
| Sardhana || None || Ravindra Pundir || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Meerut Cantonment || None || Amit Agarwal || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Meerut || None || Laxmikant Vajpayee || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Kharkhauda || None || Jaipal Singh || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Siwalkhas || SC || Vanarsi Das Chandna || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Kisan Kamgar Party}}
|-
| Khekra || None || Roop Chaudhri || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Baghpat || None || Kawkab Hameed || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Kisan Kamgar Party}}
|-
| Barnawa || None || Samar Pal Singh || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Kisan Kamgar Party}}
|-
| Chhaprauli || None || Gajendra Kumar Munna || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Kisan Kamgar Party}}
|-
| Kandhla || None || Virendra Singh || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Kisan Kamgar Party}}
|-
| Khatauli || None || Raj Pal Singh || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Kisan Kamgar Party}}
|-
| Jansath || SC || Bijendra Arya || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Kisan Kamgar Party}}
|-
| Morna || None || Sanjay Singh || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
| Muzaffarnagar || None || Susheela Devi || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Charthawal || SC || Randhir Singh || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Baghra || None || Pradeep Kumar || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Kairana || None || Hukum Singh || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Thana Bhawan || None || Amir Alam Khan || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
| Nakur || None || Kunwar Pal Singh || {{Full party name with color|Independent (politician)}}
|-
| Sarsawa || None || Nirbhaya Pal Sharma || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Nagal || SC || Ilam Singh || {{Full party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|-
| Deoband || None || Sukhbeer Singh Pundir || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Harora || SC || Maya Wati || {{Full party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|-
| Saharanpur || None || Sanjay Garg || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
| Muzaffarabad || None || Jagdish Singh Rana || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
| Roorkee || None || Ram Singh Saini || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
| Lhaksar || None || [[Muhammad Muhiuddin]] || {{Full party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|-
| Hardwar || None || [[Ambrish Kumar]] || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
| Mussoorie || None || [[Rajendra Singh (politician)|Rajendra Singh]] || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Dehra Dun || None || [[Harbans Kapoor]] || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| Chakrata || ST || [[Munna Singh Chauhan]] || {{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|}

==References==
*[http://www.elections.in/uttar-pradesh/assembly-constituencies/1996-election-results.html Uttar Pradesh Assembly Election Results in 1996]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20101006203424/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1996/StatisticalReport-UP96.pdf Statistical Report on General Election, 1996]

{{Uttar Pradesh elections}}

[[Category:State Assembly elections in Uttar Pradesh|1996]]
[[Category:1996 State Assembly elections in India|Uttar]]
[[Category:1990s in Uttar Pradesh]]

IndiGrid

2026-01-07T21:35:01Z

EloyNoble34: made new info

{{Short description|Indian power sector infrastructure investment trust}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2022}}
{{orphan|date=April 2021}}

{{Infobox company
| name = India Grid Trust (IndiGrid)
| logo =
| caption =
| image =
| image_caption =
| type = Power Sector Infrastructure Investment Trust
| traded_as = {{BSE|540565}} {{NSE|INDIGRID}}
| ISIN = {{ISIN|sl=n|pl=y|INE219X23014}}
| genre =
| fate =
| predecessor =
| successor =
| foundation = {{start date and age|21 October 2016}}
| founder =
| defunct = 
| location_city =
| location_country =
| location = Mumbai
| locations =
| area_served =
| key_people = Harsh Shah, CEO and Director Jyoti Kumar Agarwal, CFO 
Jayashree Vaidhyanathan, Independent Director
| industry = Power
| products = Transmission Utility, Solar Generation
| services =
| revenue =
| operating_income =
| net_income =
| assets =
| equity =
| num_employees = 700 <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.owler.com/company/indigrid|title=Indigrid|access-date=23 April 2021}}</ref>
| parent =
| divisions =
| subsid =
| homepage = {{URL|www.indigrid.co.in}}
| footnotes =
| intl =
}}

'''India Grid Trust (IndiGrid)''' is an Indian [[Power sector in India|power sector]] infrastructure investment trust (InvIT), sponsored by KKR & Sterlite Power (SPTL).<ref>{{Cite news|last=|first=|date=2021-09-29|title=IndiGrid unitholders approve KKR's induction as sponsor|work=The Economic Times|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/energy/power/indigrid-unitholders-approve-kkrs-induction-as-sponsor/articleshow/78385480.cms|access-date=2021-04-20}}</ref> Established on 21 October 2016, the entity is registered with [[Securities and Exchange Board of India|SEBI]] pursuant to the InvIT regulations to own [[power transmission]] and [[Renewable resource|renewable]] assets. Harsh Shah is the [[Chief executive officer|CEO]] and Director of IndiGrid <ref>{{Cite web|title=Harsh Shah, India Grid Trust: Profile and Biography|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/profile/person/20472659|access-date=2021-04-20|website=Bloomberg.com|language=en}}</ref> and Jyoti Kumar Agarwal is the [[Chief financial officer|CFO]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=|title=IndiGrid appoints former JSW CFO as finance chief - ETCFO|url=https://cfo.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/indigrid-appoints-former-jsw-cfo-as-finance-chief/78125051|access-date=2021-04-20|website=ETCFO.com|language=en}}</ref>

As of March 2021, IndiGrid owns 14 operating projects consisting of 40 transmission lines with more than 7,570 ckms length and 11 substations with 13,550 MVA transformation capacity.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-03-28|title=Rs 4.6K-crore deal: IndiGrid seals power network buy in N-E|url=https://www.financialexpress.com/industry/rs-4-6k-crore-deal-indigrid-seals-power-network-buy-in-n-e/2221961/|access-date=2021-04-20|website=The Financial Express|language=en-US}}</ref> IndiGrid is publicly listed on the Indian stock exchanges - [[National Stock Exchange of India|NSE]] and [[Bombay Stock Exchange|BSE]].

== History ==
In 2014, the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) introduced Infrastructure Investment Trusts (InvITs) regulations to support growth of [[infrastructure]] sector in India.<ref>{{Cite web|title=SEBI {{!}} Guidelines for rights issue of units by an unlisted Infrastructure Investment Trust (InvIT)|url=https://www.sebi.gov.in/legal/circulars/nov-2020/guidelines-for-rights-issue-of-units-by-an-unlisted-infrastructure-investment-trust-invit-_48082.html|access-date=2021-04-21|website=www.sebi.gov.in}}</ref>

IndiGrid was established with Sterlite Power as its sponsor in October 2016, as per the SEBI InvITs Regulations.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sterlite Power Grid Launches IndiGrid IPO|url=https://www.bloombergquint.com/markets/sterlite-power-grid-launches-indigrid-ipo|access-date=2021-04-21|website=BloombergQuint|date=10 May 2017 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=India Grid Trust IPO Opens: Should You Invest?|url=https://www.ndtv.com/business/india-grid-trust-ipo-opens-should-you-invest-1694244|access-date=2021-04-21|website=NDTV.com|date=16 May 2017 }}</ref>

In May 2017, IndiGrid opened its [[Initial public offering|initial public offer (IPO)]] to raise ₹2,250. It is the first power sector InvIT and the second InvIT to get listed on exchange after IRB InvIT Fund.<ref>{{Cite news|last=|first=|title=India Grid Trust: India Grid InvIT IPO kicks off; here's what brokerages say|work=The Economic Times|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/markets/stocks/news/india-grid-invit-ipo-kicks-off-heres-what-brokerages-say/articleshow/58713861.cms|access-date=2021-04-21}}</ref>

In June 2017, IndiGrid got listed on BSE, NSE exchanges with two operational projects. Before the opening of IPO, IndiGrid had raised over Rs 1,012 [[crore]] from anchor investors such as Deutsche Global Infrastructure Fund, [[Credit Suisse]] ([[Singapore]]), Reliance Nippon Life Insurance Company, Copthall Mauritius Investment and Edelweiss Tokio Life Insurance Company.<ref>{{Cite web|title=India Grid Trust Garners Rs 1,012 Cr From Anchor Investors|url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/business/ipo/india-grid-trust-garners-rs-1012-cr-from-anchor-investors-2281177.html|access-date=2021-04-21|website=Moneycontrol}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-06-05|title=India Grid Trust to list on BSE, NSE tomorrow; should you invest?|url=https://www.zeebiz.com/companies/news-india-grid-trust-to-list-on-bse-nse-tomorrow-should-you-invest-17150|access-date=2021-04-21|website=Zee Business}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|title=IndiGrid InvIT IPO subscribed 1.33 times|url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/markets/stock-markets/indigrid-invit-ipo-subscribed-133-times/article9708125.ece|access-date=2021-04-21|website=Hindu Businessline|date=19 May 2017|language=en}}</ref>

In May 2019, IndiGrid raised over ₹ 2500 cr of primary capital through preferential issue allotment to KKR, GIC (23 & 20% stake respectively) and other eligible capital market investors.<ref>{{Cite news|last=|first=|date=2019-04-30|title=KKR, GIC betting on India's power sector with $400 million investment: sources|language=en|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-india-grid-m-a-kkr-idINKCN1S611I|access-date=2021-04-21}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=IndiGrid Raises Over Rs 2,500 Crore Via Preferential Issue|url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/business/markets/indigrid-raises-over-rs-2500-crore-via-preferential-issue-3932461.html|access-date=2021-04-21|website=Moneycontrol}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=GIC and KKR purchase 42% stake in IndiGrid|url=http://www.fundsglobalasia.com/news/gic-and-kkr-purchase-42-stake-in-indigrid|access-date=2021-04-21|website=www.fundsglobalasia.com}}</ref>

In September 2020, IndiGrid unitholders approved induction of global investment firm KKR's associate Esoteric II as a sponsor with special majority (> 75 per cent voting).<ref>{{Cite web|title=IndiGrid unitholders approve induction of KKR's associate Esoteric II as sponsor|url=https://www.cnbctv18.com/finance/indigrid-unitholders-approve-induction-of-kkrs-associate-esoteric-ii-as-sponsor-7053341.htm|access-date=2021-04-21|website=cnbctv18.com|date=29 September 2020 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=|first=|date=2020-09-29|title=IndiGrid unitholders approve KKR as InvIT sponsor with special majority|work=Business Standard India|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/indigrid-unitholders-approve-kkr-as-invit-sponsor-with-special-majority-120092901123_1.html|access-date=2021-04-21}}</ref>

In December 2020, IndiGrid announced a multi-year collaboration agreement with [[IBM]] to build an [[artificial intelligence]] (AI)-enabled asset management platform.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|title=IndiGrid ties up with IBM for digital transformation of critical power infrastructure - ET EnergyWorld|url=https://energy.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/power/indigrid-ties-up-with-ibm-for-digital-transformation-of-critical-power-infrastructure/79784367|access-date=2021-04-21|website=ETEnergyworld.com|language=en}}</ref>

In March 2021, IndiGrid raised equity capital of INR 1,284 crs by way of Rights Issue to maintain leverage headroom and fund future acquisitions. The [[rights issue]] price has been fixed at ₹110 per unit.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-03-24|title=IndiGrid Investment Managers board approves plan to raise ₹1,284 cr via rights|url=https://www.livemint.com/market/stock-market-news/indigrid-investment-managers-board-approves-plan-to-raise-1-284-cr-via-rights-11616586952024.html|access-date=2021-04-21|website=mint|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=|first=|title=IndiGrid's Rs 1,284 cr-rights issue will create more room for acquisitions: CEO|work=The Economic Times|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/markets/stocks/news/indigrids-rs-1284-cr-rights-issue-will-create-more-room-for-acquisitions-ceo/articleshow/81692407.cms|access-date=2021-04-21}}</ref>

== Portfolio Assets ==
In June 2017, IndiGrid was listed on Indian Stock Exchanges with two Initial Portfolio Assets with AUM of INR 38 billion - Bhopal Dhule Transmission Company Limited and Jabalpur Transmission Company Limited, with a total network of 8 transmission lines of around 1,936 ckms and 2 substations of 6,000 mva capacity across 4 states.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=2017-06-06|title=India Grid Trust shares close 1.6% lower on stock market debut|url=https://www.livemint.com/Money/qHJbgoWxMToy9JxEiQKuCP/India-Grid-Trust-shares-trade-45-lower-in-stock-market-deb.html|access-date=2021-04-21|website=mint|language=en}}</ref>

In February 2018, IndiGrid completed the acquisition of 3 transmission assets from its sponsor Sterlite Power Grid Ventures Ltd for Rs 1,410 crore. The assets were Purulia & Kharagpur Transmission Company Limited, RAPP Transmission Company Limited and Maheshwaram Transmission Limited.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=2018-02-20|title=India Grid Trust buys 3 transmission assets, picks up 46% stake in Patran|url=https://www.livemint.com/Industry/ten8sOpXzrBIyGCDpIQUKP/IndiGrid-acquires-3-transmission-assets-buys-Patran-Transmi.html|access-date=2021-04-21|website=mint|language=en}}</ref>

In September 2018, IndiGrid completed the Rs 232-crore investment in Patran Transmission Company (PTCL). This was IndiGrid's first investment in a third-party asset.<ref>{{Cite news|last=|first=|date=2018-09-04|title=IndiGrid invests Rs 232 cr in Patran Transmission Company|work=Business Standard India|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/indigrid-invests-rs-232-cr-in-patran-transmission-company-118090400665_1.html|access-date=2021-04-21}}</ref>

In July 2019, IndiGrid completed the acquisition of two power transmission assets from Sterlite Power for an enterprise value of Rs 5,025 crore. These two assets are NRSS XXIX Transmission (NTL) and Odisha Generation Phase-II Transmission (OGPTL).<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-07-09|title=IndiGrid completes acquisition of 2 transmission assets|url=https://www.financialexpress.com/industry/indigrid-completes-acquisition-of-2-transmission-assets/1637400/|access-date=2021-04-21|website=The Financial Express|language=en-US}}</ref>

In March 2020, IndiGrid completed the acquisition of its ninth transmission asset from Sterlite Power at a value of US$134 million or Rs 1,020 crore, with the acquisition of East-North Interconnection (ENICL).<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-01-29|title=Infra investment trust IndiGrid to acquire power transmission company ENCIL for Rs 1,020 cr; portfolio to rise to 9 projects |url=https://www.firstpost.com/business/infra-investment-trust-indigrid-to-acquire-power-transmission-company-encil-for-rs-1020-cr-portfolio-to-rise-to-9-projects-7971381.html|access-date=2021-04-21|website=Firstpost}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2020-01-29|title=IndiGrid buys ENICL for ₹1,020 cr.|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/business/indigrid-buys-enicl-for-1020-cr/article30686581.ece|access-date=2021-04-21|issn=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=IndiGrid completes acquisition of ENICL from Sterlite Power|work=The Economic Times|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/energy/power/indigrid-completes-acquisition-of-enicl-from-sterlite-power/articleshow/74795524.cms|access-date=2021-04-21}}</ref>

In May 2020, IndiGrid signed an agreement to acquire 100% stake in a [[power transmission]] asset at [[Jhajjar]] in [[Haryana]] for Rs 310 crore from current owners Kalpataru Power Transmission and Techno Electric & Engineering Company.<ref>{{Cite news|last=|first=|title=IndiGrid to Buy Kalpataru Power JV Asset for Rs 310 crore|work=The Economic Times|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/energy/power/indigrid-to-buy-kalpataru-power-jv-asset-for-rs-310-crore/articleshow/76107797.cms|access-date=2021-04-21}}</ref>

During the same time (August 2020), IndiGrid acquired another power transmission asset – Gurgaon Palwal Transmission (GPTL) project at an enterprise value of around Rs 1,080 crore.<ref>{{Cite news|last=|first=|title=IndiGrid acquires one transmission asset, eye three more assets in FY21: CEO|work=The Economic Times|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/energy/power/indigrid-acquires-one-transmission-asset-eye-three-more-assets-in-fy21-ceo/articleshow/77857653.cms|access-date=2021-04-21}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|title=IndiGrid Completes Acquisition Of GPTL Transmission Project From Sterlite Power|url=http://businessworld.in/article/IndiGrid-Completes-Acquisition-Of-GPTL-Transmission-Project-From-Sterlite-Power/01-09-2020-315328|access-date=2021-04-21|website=BW Businessworld|language=en}}</ref>

In November 2020, IndiGrid signed a share purchase agreement to acquire 74% stake in Parbati Koldam Transmission Co. Ltd. from [[Anil Ambani]] group's [[Reliance Infrastructure]] Ltd. The enterprise value of the transmission asset was around Rs 900 crore (US$121.6 million). Taking this into consideration, an acquisition of 74% of shares should translate into a deal value of Rs 666 crore (US$90 million).<ref>{{Cite web|title=IndiGrid to buy 74% stake in Parbati Koldam Transmission|url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/companies/indigrid-to-buy-74-stake-in-parbati-koldam-transmission/article33205029.ece|access-date=2021-04-21|website=Hindu Businessline|date=29 November 2020 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=|first=|date=2020-11-28|title=IndiGrid inks pact to acquire 74% stake in Parbati Koldam from Reliance Infra|work=Business Standard India|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/indigrid-inks-pact-to-acquire-74-stake-in-parbati-koldam-from-reliance-infra-120112800761_1.html|access-date=2021-04-21}}</ref>

In December 2020, IndiGrid Trust entered into an agreement to acquire 100% stake in FRV Andhra Pradesh Solar Farm-I Pvt. Ltd and FRV India Solar Park II Pvt. Ltd. From FRV Solar Holdings XI B.V.<ref>{{Cite web|title=IndiGrid acquires FRV's solar projects for $88m in first renewable buy|url=https://www.dealstreetasia.com/stories/indigrid-frv-solar-projects-220740/|access-date=2021-04-21|website=Deal Street Asia|language=en-US}}</ref>

In March 2021, IndiGrid InvIT acquired NER-II Transmission Ltd from Sterlite Power at an enterprise value of Rs 4,625 crore. This is the largest single asset deal in the Indian Transmission sector. With this acquisition, IndiGrid's AUM (Asset Under Management) increased 34 per cent to Rs 20,000 crore.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-03-26|title=IndiGrid acquires NER-II Transmission for Rs 4,625 cr|url=https://www.financialexpress.com/industry/indigrid-acquires-ner-ii-transmission-for-rs-4625-cr/2221196/|access-date=2021-04-21|website=The Financial Express|language=en-US}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links ==
* [https://www.indigrid.co.in/ India Grid Trust (IndiGrid)]

[[Category:Electric power transmission system operators in India]]
[[Category:Indian companies established in 2016]]
[[Category:Companies listed on the National Stock Exchange of India]]
[[Category:Companies listed on the Bombay Stock Exchange]]
[[Category:Kohlberg Kravis Roberts companies]]

Apollo Hospital, Indraprastha

2025-12-29T04:51:31Z

EloyNoble34: minor changes

{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}
{{More citations needed|date=March 2010}}
{{Infobox hospital
| org_group = [[Indraprastha Apollo Hospital]]
| name = Indraprastha Apollo Hospital
| logo =
| image = Apollo Hospital Indraprastha.jpg
| caption = Indraprastha Apollo Hospital
| type = General
| funding = [[Private hospital]]
| location = Delhi Mathura Road, Jasola Vihar, New Delhi
| country = India
| coordinates = {{coord|28|32|28|N|77|17|00|E|display=inline, title|type:landmark}}
| opened = {{start date and age|df=yes|1996}}
| website = {{URL|https://www.apollohospitals.com/delhi/}}
}}

'''Indraprastha Apollo Hospital''' is an Indian hospital owned by [[Apollo Hospitals]] group, India's largest healthcare chain.<ref>{{cite news |date=3 March 2010 |title=Trehan prescribes lower charges for healthy returns |url=http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/trehan-prescribes-lower-charges-for-healthy-returns/387329/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110607074508/http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/trehan-prescribes-lower-charges-for-healthy-returns/387329/ |archive-date=2011-06-07 |newspaper=[[Business Standard]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Healthcare sector beneficial for long-term investors |url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/features/investors-guide/Healthcare-sector-beneficial-for-long-term-investors/articleshow/5629768.cms |newspaper=[[The Economic Times]] |date=1 Mar 2010}}</ref> Established in 1995, it is the third super specialty [[Tertiary referral hospital|tertiary care hospital]] set by the Apollo Hospitals Group, jointly with the [[Government of Delhi]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Delhi Govt mulls stake change in Apollo Hospital |url=http://www.indianexpress.com/oldStory/70910/ |newspaper=[[Indian Express]] |date=24 May 2005 }}</ref> It is a 695-bed hospital, with the provision for expansion to 1000 beds in future. The hospital is spread over 15 acres and has a built-up area of 600,000 square feet.<ref name=":0" />

==History==
Indraprastha Apollo Hospital was accredited by [[Joint Commission|Joint Commission International]] (JCI) USA as the first internationally accredited Hospital in [[India]] in 2005<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indheal.com/hospitals/apollo-indraprastha|title=Indraprastha Apollo Hospital|last=|first=|date=|website=|access-date=}}</ref> and [[South Asia]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Indraprastha Apollo Hospital transcends boundaries |url=http://www.hindu.com/2007/07/14/stories/2007071458380400.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071221104442/http://www.hindu.com/2007/07/14/stories/2007071458380400.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=21 December 2007 |newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |date=14 July 2007 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=9 November 2000 |title=Indraprastha Apollo Hospitalsto set up ten satellite clinics |url=http://www.expressindia.com/news/fe/daily/20001109/fco09057.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121004045645/http://www.expressindia.com/news/fe/daily/20001109/fco09057.html |archive-date=2012-10-04 |newspaper=[[Indian Express]]}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=MedikReview: Indraprastha Apollo Hospital |url=http://www.medikreview.com/index.php?route=hospital/hospitaldetails&hospital_id=3590 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170211080948/http://www.medikreview.com/index.php?route=hospital/hospitaldetails&hospital_id=3590 |archive-date=2017-02-11 |access-date=2017-02-10 |website=www.medikreview.com |language=en}}</ref> In 2011, the hospital got re-accredited by JCI for a fourth time consequently, making it the first hospital in India to do so.<ref name=":0" />

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{official website|https://www.apollohospitals.com/delhi/}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Hospital buildings completed in 1996]]
[[Category:Hospitals in Delhi]]
[[Category:Hospitals established in 1996]]
[[Category:Apollo Hospitals]]
[[Category:1996 establishments in Delhi]]
[[Category:20th-century architecture in India]]
[[Category:Hospital networks in India]]

Sudhi Anna

2025-12-27T16:20:46Z

EloyNoble34: added details

{{short description|Indian film director and painter}}
{{hatnote|In this [[Indian name]], the name ''Anna'' is a [[matronymic]], not a [[family name]], and the person should be referred to by the [[given name]], ''Sudhi''.}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2025}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Sudhi Anna
| image = Sudhi Anna.jpg
| imagesize =
| caption =
| birth_date =
| birth_place = [[Padiyoor, Kannur, Kerala]], India
| other_names =
| death_date =
| death_place =
| restingplace =
| restingplacecoordinates =
| occupation = Film director, painter
| yearsactive = Since 2012
| alma mater =
| spouse =
| domesticpartner =
| children =
| parents =
| website =
| awards = [[J. C. Daniel#J. C. Foundation Award|J. C. Foundation Award]] Best Director Cannes 7th Art Awards
}}
'''Sudhi Anna''' is an Indian film director and painter, who works predominantly in Malayalam cinema. He is known for [[Hallelooya]], a film featuring [[Naren]] and [[Meghana Raj]] in the lead roles. He is a recipient of [[Jeassy|J. C. Foundation Award]] for young director, instituted in memory of filmmaker [[Jeassy|J. C. Kuttikkad]].<ref name="Flora the Passion: Illustration Competition awards declared">{{Cite web |last=aranyakam |date=2021-06-06 |title=Flora the Passion: Illustration Competition awards declared |url=https://aranyakam.org/flora-the-passion-illustration-competition-awards-declared/ |access-date=2023-03-17 |website=Aranyakam Nature Foundation |language=en-GB}}</ref> He received the Best Director Award at the 2025 Cannes 7th Art Awards<ref name="2025 winners - Cannes 7th Art Awards">{{Cite web |title=2025 winners - Cannes 7th Art Awards |url=https://www.c7aa.fr/winners/2025-winners |access-date=2025-04-02 |website=Cannes7thArtAwards |language=en}}</ref> and the ''Josh Burton Award For Creative Excellence'' at the Beloit International Film Festival in 2025.<ref name="The BIFFY Awards 2025 - The Beloit International Film Festival">{{Cite web |title=The BIFFY Awards 2025 - The Beloit International Film Festival |url=https://beloitfilmfest.org/biffy-awards-2025/?fbclid=IwY2xjawJiKYZleHRuA2FlbQIxMQABHs8lOGt7DR4tx0HwPAa1yj2tNDzs_5mrqOhn7g3xkhPbo37XmMOxsuke06jM_aem_IZEE0J38-B2Reh7iWstH3g |access-date=2025-04-08 |website=BIFF - Beloit International Film Festival |language=en-US}}</ref>

== Biography ==
Sudhi was born in [[Padiyoor]], a small town in [[Kannur district]] in the south Indian state of [[Kerala]], in a family which nurtured art;<ref name="Verittavazhikalil Sudhi Anna" /> his elder brother, [[S. Sunil]] is a known filmmaker who has directed three films viz. ''[[Kaliyorukkam]]'',<ref name="Kaliyorukkam (2007)" /> ''Marubhagham''<ref name="A man of many parts" /> and ''Visudha Rathrikal''.<ref name="Kerala state film awards 2020: 119 movies to compete for 50th edition" /> His debut film was ''Song of Solomon'' in 2012,<ref name="Mollywood Director Sudhi Anna" /> which had Sam Jeevan and Divya Das in the lead roles; [[Mohanlal]] provided the voice over for the film.<ref name="പുതിയ ചിത്രത്തില്‍ ശബ്ദം മാത്രമായി മോഹന്‍ലാല്‍" /><ref name="Profile of Malayalam Screenplay Writer Sudhi Anna" /> He wrote the story and screenplay for the film while Ragesh Narayanan did the cinematography and editing.<ref name="Song of Solomon [2012]" /> His next project was ''Khadolkhachan'', a bilingual film in Malayalam and Tamil, starring [[Vidharth]]<ref name="Vidharth to drive a lorry in his Mollywood foray - Times of India" /> and [[Shine Tom Chacko]], but the film did not materialize.<ref name="I act as a thug named Suku, says Shine Tom Chacko" /><ref name="ഇരുപത്തിയെട്ട് ലക്ഷം രൂപയുടെ ‘ബാംസുരി’; സ്വപ്നങ്ങൾ തുന്നിച്ചേർത്ത് സുധി അന്ന ഒരുക്കിയ വീട്" /> Subsequently, he made [[Hallelooya]], a love story featuring [[Narain (actor)|Narain]] and [[Meghana Raj]] and the film was released in May 2016,<ref name="Halleluaih (2016) - Halleluaih Movie" /><ref name="Hallelooya" /> and was a comeback vehicle for Narain.<ref name="Narain to make a grand comeback" /><ref name="Juggling industries helps me re-invent myself - Times of India" /> The screenplay was written by Abhimaan and Suniraj, who were also associated with another Nivin Pauly starrer, [[Neram]].<ref name="The birth of Hallelooya" /> The film, which featured a poem by the [[Indian Police Service]] officer, [[B. Sandhya]],<ref name="B Sandhya's poem to be the title song - Times of India" /> fetched him the [[J. C. Daniel#J. C. Foundation Award|J. C. Foundation Award]] for the young director.<ref name="Verittavazhikalil Sudhi Anna" /> His latest film, ''Poyyamozhi'', had its premiere at [[Marché du Film|Cannes Film Market]] on 19 May 2024.<ref name="Cannes Xpress 2024: Jaffar Idukki's Poyyamozhi to be premiered at Cannes Film Market">{{Cite news | date=2024-05-17 |title=Cannes Xpress 2024: Jaffar Idukki's Poyyamozhi to be premiered at Cannes Film Market |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2024/May/17/cannes-xpress-2024-jaffar-idukkis-poyyamozhi-tobe-premieredat-cannes-film-market |access-date=2024-05-20 |language=en | publisher=Cinema Express}}</ref><ref name="സുധി അന്നയുടെ ‘പൊയ്യാമൊഴി’ കാൻ ഫിലിം ഫെസ്റ്റിവലിൽ, നിഗൂഢതയൊളിപ്പിച്ച ത്രില്ലർ - poyyamozhi movie news sudhi anna">{{Cite web |title=സുധി അന്നയുടെ 'പൊയ്യാമൊഴി' കാൻ ഫിലിം ഫെസ്റ്റിവലിൽ, നിഗൂഢതയൊളിപ്പിച്ച ത്രില്ലർ - poyyamozhi movie news sudhi anna |url=https://m.vanitha.in/celluloid/multiplex/poyyamozhi-movie-news-sudhi-anna.html |access-date=2024-05-20 |website=vanitha.in}}</ref><ref name="കാൻ ചലച്ചിത്ര മേളയിൽ ഒരു മലയാളി സാന്നിധ്യവും; 'പൊയ്യാമൊഴി' ആദ്യപ്രദർശനം കാൻ ഫെസ്റ്റിവലിന്റെ ഫിലിം മാർക്കറ്റിൽ">{{Cite web |date=2024-05-17 |title=കാൻ ചലച്ചിത്ര മേളയിൽ ഒരു മലയാളി സാന്നിധ്യവും; 'പൊയ്യാമൊഴി' ആദ്യപ്രദർശനം കാൻ ഫെസ്റ്റിവലിന്റെ ഫിലിം മാർക്കറ്റിൽ |url=https://malayalam.news18.com/news/film/malayalam-movie-poyyamozhi-gets-a-screening-at-the-cannes-film-festival-mm-669586.html |access-date=2024-05-20 |website=News18 മലയാളം |language=ml}}</ref> The film has [[Jaffar Idukki]] in the lead.<ref name="Sudhi Anna’s Malayalam Film Poyyamozhi To Premiere At Cannes">{{Cite news |date=2024-05-17 |title=Sudhi Anna's Malayalam Film Poyyamozhi To Premiere At Cannes |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/sudhi-annas-malayalam-film-poyyamozhi-to-premiere-at-cannes-8894216.html |access-date=2024-05-20 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="പ്രധാനവേഷത്തിൽ ജാഫർ ഇടുക്കി, നഥാനിയേൽ, മീനാക്ഷി; 'പൊയ്യാമൊഴി' ആദ്യപ്രദർശനം കാൻസിൽ">{{Cite web |date=2024-05-15 |title=പ്രധാനവേഷത്തിൽ ജാഫർ ഇടുക്കി, നഥാനിയേൽ, മീനാക്ഷി; 'പൊയ്യാമൊഴി' ആദ്യപ്രദർശനം കാൻസിൽ |url=https://www.mathrubhumi.com/movies-music/news/poyyamozhi-movie-cannes-screening-1.9559449 |access-date=2024-05-20 |website=Mathrubhumi |language=en}}</ref>

Sudhi, who has also conducted several exhibitions of his photographs,<ref name="Photographs in watercolour - The New Indian Express" /> drawings<ref name="sudhi anna (sudheesanna) on Pinterest" /><ref name="Pin by sudhi anna on Drawing in 2020 - Drawings" /><ref name="Pin by sudhi anna on Drawing in 2020 - Drawings 2" /> and paintings,<ref name="Verittavazhikalil Sudhi Anna" /> lives at his riverside house on the banks of Vembuzha River in Kannur with his wife and daughter.<ref name="Filmmaker Sudhi's house in Kannur is unique yet low-cost" />

== Filmography ==
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style="width:75%"
! scope="col" style="width:10%" | Year
! scope="col" style="width:30%" | Title
! scope="col" style="width:25%" | Cast
! scope="col" style="width:20%" | Status
|-
| 2012 || Song of Solomon || Sam Jeevan, Divya Das || Released
|-
| 2016 || Khadolkhachan || [[Vidharth]], [[Shine Tom Chacko]] || Aborted
|-
| 2016 || [[Hallelooya]] || [[Narain (actor)|Narain]], [[Meghana Raj]] || Released
|-
| 2024 || [[Poyyamozhi]] || [[Jaffar Idukki]], Nathaniel || Released
|-
|}

{{portal|India}}

== References ==
<references>

<ref name="Verittavazhikalil Sudhi Anna">{{Cite web |title=Verittavazhikalil Sudhi Anna |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7gqirCNkBrE |website=HI Vision Online |publisher=YouTube}}</ref>
<ref name="Kaliyorukkam (2007)">{{Cite web |title=Kaliyorukkam (2007) |url=https://www.malayalachalachithram.com/movie.php?i=3937 |access-date=2020-09-20 |website=www.malayalachalachithram.com}}</ref>
<ref name="A man of many parts">{{Cite web |last=Venkiteswaran |first=C. S. |date=2016-03-17 |title=A man of many parts |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/s-sunils-marubhagam-is-about-a-man-of-many-parts/article8360917.ece |access-date=2020-09-20 |website=The Hindu |language=en-IN}}</ref>
<ref name="Kerala state film awards 2020: 119 movies to compete for 50th edition">{{Cite web |title=Kerala state film awards 2020: 119 movies to compete for 50th edition |url=https://www.onmanorama.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/2020/02/29/kerala-state-film-awards-2020-superstar-movies-in-competition.html |access-date=2020-09-20 |website=OnManorama |language=en}}</ref>
<ref name="Mollywood Director Sudhi Anna">{{Cite web |title=Mollywood Director Sudhi Anna |url=https://nettv4u.com/celebrity/malayalam/director/sudhi-anna |access-date=2020-09-19 |website=nettv4u |language=en}}</ref>
<ref name="പുതിയ ചിത്രത്തില്‍ ശബ്ദം മാത്രമായി മോഹന്‍ലാല്‍">{{Cite web |last=Lakshmi |date=2011-12-02 |title=പുതിയ ചിത്രത്തില്‍ ശബ്ദം മാത്രമായി മോഹന്‍ലാല്‍ |url=https://malayalam.filmibeat.com/news/02-mohanlal-voice-over-for-a-film-aid0031.html |access-date=2020-09-19 |website=malayalam.filmibeat.com |language=ml}}</ref>
<ref name="Profile of Malayalam Screenplay Writer Sudhi Anna">{{Cite web |title=Profile of Malayalam Screenplay Writer Sudhi Anna |url=https://en.msidb.org/displayProfile.php?category=screenplay&artist=Sudhi%2520Anna |access-date=2020-09-19 |website=en.msidb.org}}</ref>
<ref name="Song of Solomon [2012]">{{Cite web |title=Song of Solomon [2012] |url=https://en.msidb.org/m.php?7224 |access-date=2020-09-19 |website=en.msidb.org}}</ref>
<ref name="Vidharth to drive a lorry in his Mollywood foray - Times of India">{{Cite news |title=Vidharth to drive a lorry in his Mollywood foray - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/Vidharth-to-drive-a-lorry-in-his-Mollywood-foray/articleshow/52729047.cms |access-date=2020-09-19 |website=The Times of India |date=24 January 2017 |language=en}}</ref>
<ref name="I act as a thug named Suku, says Shine Tom Chacko">{{Cite web |last=s |first=aravind k |date=2016-05-18 |title=I act as a thug named Suku, says Shine Tom Chacko |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/mollywood/180516/i-act-as-a-thug-named-suku-says-shine-tom-chacko.html |access-date=2020-09-19 |website=Deccan Chronicle |language=en}}</ref>
<ref name="ഇരുപത്തിയെട്ട് ലക്ഷം രൂപയുടെ ‘ബാംസുരി’; സ്വപ്നങ്ങൾ തുന്നിച്ചേർത്ത് സുധി അന്ന ഒരുക്കിയ വീട്">{{Cite web |title=ഇരുപത്തിയെട്ട് ലക്ഷം രൂപയുടെ 'ബാംസുരി'; സ്വപ്നങ്ങൾ തുന്നിച്ചേർത്ത് സുധി അന്ന ഒരുക്കിയ വീട് |url=https://www.vanitha.in/veedu/my-home/director-sudhi-anna-dream-home.html |access-date=2020-09-19 |website=vanitha.in}}</ref>
<ref name="Halleluaih (2016) - Halleluaih Movie">{{Cite web |title=Halleluaih (2016) - Halleluaih Movie |url=https://www.filmibeat.com/malayalam/movies/halleluaih.html |access-date=2020-09-19 |website=FilmiBeat |language=en}}</ref>
<ref name="Hallelooya">{{Cite web |date=2016-05-20 |title=Hallelooya |website=[[IMDb]] |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt5696096/ |access-date=2020-09-19}} {{unreliable?|date=June 2025}}</ref>
<ref name="Narain to make a grand comeback">{{Cite web |date=2015-10-12 |title=Narain to make a grand comeback |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/151011/entertainment-mollywood/article/narain-make-grand-comeback |access-date=2020-09-19 |website=Deccan Chronicle |language=en}}</ref>
<ref name="Juggling industries helps me re-invent myself - Times of India">{{Cite news |title=Juggling industries helps me re-invent myself - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/Juggling-industries-helps-me-re-invent-myself/articleshow/50742388.cms |access-date=2020-09-19 |website=The Times of India |date=24 January 2017 |language=en}}</ref>
<ref name="The birth of Hallelooya">{{Cite web |last=s |first=aravind k |date=2015-10-08 |title=The birth of Hallelooya |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/151008/entertainment-mollywood/article/birth-hallelooya |access-date=2020-09-19 |website=Deccan Chronicle |language=en}}</ref>
<ref name="B Sandhya's poem to be the title song - Times of India">{{Cite news |title=B Sandhya's poem to be the title song - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/music/B-Sandhyas-poem-to-be-the-title-song/articleshow/47070849.cms |access-date=2020-09-19 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>
<ref name="Photographs in watercolour - The New Indian Express">{{Cite web |title=Photographs in watercolour - The New Indian Express |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/kochi/2010/May/04/photographs-in-watercolour-162370.html |access-date=2020-09-19 |website=www.newindianexpress.com|date=9 May 2012 }}</ref>
<ref name="sudhi anna (sudheesanna) on Pinterest">{{Cite web |title=sudhi anna (sudheesanna) on Pinterest |url=https://www.pinterest.com/sudheesanna/ |access-date=2020-09-19 |website=Pinterest |language=en}}</ref>
<ref name="Pin by sudhi anna on Drawing in 2020 - Drawings">{{Cite web |title=Pin by sudhi anna on Drawing in 2020 - Drawings |url=https://www.pinterest.com/pin/553450241710300795/ |access-date=2020-09-19 |website=Pinterest |language=en}}</ref>
<ref name="Pin by sudhi anna on Drawing in 2020 - Drawings 2">{{Cite web |title=Pin by sudhi anna on Drawing in 2020 - Drawings 2 |url=https://www.pinterest.com/pin/553450241710447996/ |access-date=2020-09-19 |website=Pinterest |language=en}}</ref>
<ref name="Filmmaker Sudhi's house in Kannur is unique yet low-cost">{{Cite web |title=Filmmaker Sudhi's house in Kannur is unique yet low-cost |url=https://www.onmanorama.com/lifestyle/decor/2018/10/24/filmmaker-sudhi-house-in-kannur-is-unique-yet-low-cost.html |access-date=2020-09-19 |website=OnManorama |language=en}}</ref>

</references>

== Further reading ==
* {{Cite web |last=George |first=Vijay |date=2015-05-14 |title=Rekindling old bonds |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/rekindling-old-bonds/article7201162.ece |access-date=2020-09-19 |website=The Hindu |language=en-IN}}
* {{Cite news |title=Narain, Meghana to play a couple - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/Narain-Meghana-to-play-a-couple/articleshow/46907262.cms |access-date=2020-09-19 |website=The Times of India |date=14 April 2015 |language=en}}
* {{Cite news |title=Meghana's naps scared the crew - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/Meghanas-naps-scared-the-crew/articleshow/51647362.cms |access-date=2020-09-19 |website=The Times of India |date=2 April 2016 |language=en}}
* {{Cite news |title=Shine Tom Chacko turns criminal in his next - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/Shine-Tom-Chacko-turns-criminal-in-his-next/articleshow/52781220.cms |access-date=2020-09-19 |website=The Times of India |date=27 January 2017 |language=en}}
* {{Cite web |title=Sudhi Anna - special story (Interview) |url=https://www.vanitha.in/specials/pen-drive/sudhi-anna-arttalk-special-story.html |access-date=2023-04-06 |website=vanitha.in}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb name|8123349}}
* {{Cite web |title=List of Malayalam Movies directed by Sudhi Anna |url=https://www.malayalachalachithram.com/movieslist.php?d=8232 |access-date=2020-09-19 |website=www.malayalachalachithram.com}}
* {{Cite web |title=സുധി അന്ന on M3DB |url=https://m3db.com/sudhi-anna |access-date=2020-09-19 |website=M3DB.COM |language=en}}
* {{Cite web |title=Hallelooya (2016) |url=https://letterboxd.com/film/hallelooya/ |access-date=2020-09-19 |language=en}}
* {{Cite interview |last=John Paul |interviewer=Sudhi Anna |title=Chalachitralokam |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YFmyYZx-kQo&feature=youtu.be |publisher=Channel Mitra |date=2020-11-02}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Anna, Sudhi}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from Kerala]]
[[Category:People from Kannur district]]
[[Category:Malayalam film directors]]
[[Category:Film directors from Kannur district]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian people]]
[[Category:Indian painters]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

City Wall of Hyderabad

2025-12-18T11:29:22Z

EloyNoble34: improve layout

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2020}}
[[File:Hyderabad map 1911.jpg|thumb|220px|right|1914 map of Hyderabad showing the rough outline of the wall and location of some of the gates.<ref name="NewsMin1"/>]]

The '''City Wall of Hyderabad''' was a [[Defensive wall|city wall]] surrounding [[Hyderabad]], although the city has expanded significantly beyond the wall.{{sfn|Bilgrami, 1927|pp=94}} The wall used to enclose the area of present [[Old City (Hyderabad, India)|Old City of Hyderabad]]. The wall was around {{convert|6|mi|km}} long and covered an area of {{frac|4|1|2}} miles. It was made of large granite blocks which were abundantly available around the city.

Due to encroachment and neglect on part of the authorities, almost all of the wall has been destroyed, although portions still survive at [[Aliabad, Hyderabad|Aliabad]]. Two of the original thirteen gateways still stand.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/fortified-wall-that-protected-hyderabad-against-invaders-now-in-shambles/articleshow/62563396.cms|title=Fortified wall that protected Hyderabad against invaders now in shambles|date=19 January 2018|first=Moulika|last=KV|newspaper=The Times of India|language=en|access-date=2019-09-14}}</ref>

== Construction ==
[[File:Hyderabad City Wall Afzal Darwaza.jpg|thumb|220px|''Afzal Darwaza'', last of the 13 gates built to enter the walled city was built in 1861, and demolished in 1954.|alt=]]
[[File:Dabeerpura_Darwaza.jpg|thumb|220px|''Dabeerpura Darwaza'', one of the two surviving gateways of Hyderabad out of the original 13.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://archive.siasat.com/news/khidki-and-darwaza-hyderabad-564701/|title=The "Khidki" and "Darwaza" of Hyderabad {{!}} The Siasat Daily|website=archive.siasat.com|language=en-US|access-date=2018-10-13}}</ref>|alt=]]
The construction of the wall was started by [[Abul Hasan Qutb Shah]], the last Sultan of the [[Qutb Shahi dynasty|Qutb Shahi]] dynasty. The construction continued under [[Mubariz Khan]], the [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] governor of the Deccan. The construction was completed by the first [[Nizam of Hyderabad|Nizam]] of [[Hyderabad State]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Press Reporter's Guild, Hyderabad, India |date= 1965|title=Hyderabad: The City We Live in|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YVdXAAAAMAAJ&q=Wall |location=Hyderabad |publisher= The University of Michigan}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/220717/telangana-drops-guard-on-hyderabads-historic-fortified-wall.html|title=Telangana drops guard on Hyderabad's historic fortified wall|last=Yar Khan|first=Asif|date=2017-07-22|work=Deccan Chronicle|access-date=2018-07-30|language=en}}</ref>

The wall was approximately {{height|ft=18}} high and {{height|ft=8|precision=}} wide at various parts. Historians say that the wall varied in thickness, as it crossed various locations. Some places were wide enough for sentries, while other places could even accommodate horses. At strategic points, where there could be threats, there was an opening for canons to be mounted.

The wall initially had 13 gates, known as ''Darwazas.'' In addition to the large gates, at certain points the walls also had smaller entrances known as ''khidkis'' or [[wicket gate]]s, through which one could enter the city.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/majestic-darwaza-defied-deluge-fell-to-bulldozers/articleshow/59828554.cms|title=Majestic Darwaza defied deluge, fell to bulldozers|date=30 July 2017|first=Syed|last=Akbar|newspaper=The Times of India|access-date=19 February 2020}}</ref> The thirteen gates were:{{sfn|Bilgrami, 1927|pp=95}}

* ''Purana Pul Darwaza'' (surviving) at [[Purana pul|Purana Pul]].
* ''Dabeerpura Darwaza'' (surviving) at [[Dabirpura]].
* ''Chaderghat Darwaza'' at [[Chaderghat]].
* ''Yakutpura Darwaza'' at [[Yakutpura]].
* ''Aliabad Darwaza'' at [[Aliabad, Hyderabad|Aliabad]].
* ''Champa Darwaza''
* ''Lal Darwaza''
* ''Gowlipura Darwaza''
* ''Fateh Darwaza''
* ''Doodhbowli Darwaza''
* ''Dilli Darwaza''
* ''Mir Jumla Darwaza''
* ''Afzal Darwaza'', the last of the gates built in 1861 by [[Afzal ad-Dawlah, Asaf Jah V]].''<ref name="NewsMin1" />''

== Remains ==
[[File:Refugees_walk_across_a_bridge_with_the_Afzal_Darwaza_in_the_background,_during_the_Great_Musi_Flood_of_1908,_Hyderabad.jpg|thumb|230px|left|Refugees walk across a bridge with the ''Afzal Darwaza'' in the background, during the [[Great Musi Flood of 1908]].]]

[[File:Purana Pul Darwaza 1920.jpg|thumb|220px|right|View of ''Purana Pul Darwaza'' in 1920, one of the two surviving gates]]

Much of the wall was destroyed during the [[Great Musi Flood of 1908]], and later demolished by the government after independence in the 1950s and 1960s.<ref name="Singh 2018">{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/the-vanishing-walls-of-hyderabad/article7597515.ece|title=The vanishing walls of Hyderabad|last=Singh|first=T. Lalith|date=2015-08-31|work=The Hindu|access-date=2018-07-30|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

Today, only two gates still stand — the ''Purana Pul Darwaza'' and the ''Dabeerpura Darwaza'',<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/dabeerpura-darwaza-freed-of-encroachments/articleshow/64943148.cms|title=Dabeerpura Darwaza freed of encroachments - Times of India|work=The Times of India|access-date=2018-07-30}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/Dabeerpura-Darwaza-a-sentinel-of-the-past/article11185423.ece|title=Dabeerpura Darwaza: a sentinel of the past|last=Khan|first=Asif Yar|date=2014-08-04|work=The Hindu|access-date=2018-10-13|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> and nothing except a few portions remains of the wall.<ref name="Singh 2018" /><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://telanganatoday.com/doorways-rich-past-golconda|title=Doorways to a rich past|last=Varma|first=Dr. Anand Raj|work=Telangana Today|access-date=2018-10-13|language=en-US}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Lalapet]]

== Gallery ==
<gallery>
File:Hyderabad map 1914.jpg|Map of Hyderabad, 1911 showing a rough outline of the wall and some gates
</gallery>

== References ==
===Citations===
<references>
<ref name=NewsMin1>{{cite news |last= B.|first=Nitin |date= 2017-09-04|title= Of darwazas and khidkis: Tracing the origins of the walled city of Hyderabad|url= https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/darwazas-and-khidkis-tracing-origins-walled-city-hyderabad-67869|language=en |location=Hyderabad |access-date=2018-11-05}}</ref>
</references>

===Bibliography===
*{{citation |last=Bilgrami |first=Syed Ali Asgar |title=Landmarks Of The Deccan |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.280768/page/n3 |year=1927 |publisher=Government Central Press |ref={{sfnref|Bilgrami, 1927}}}}
{{coord missing|Telangana}}

{{Hyderabad topics}}

[[Category:Culture of Hyderabad, India]]
[[Category:Military history of Hyderabad, India]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Hyderabad, India]]
[[Category:City walls in India]]
[[Category:Demolished buildings and structures in Hyderabad]]

Exeter (1793 ship)

2025-12-15T15:17:38Z

EloyNoble34: New a stub

{{other ships|Exeter (ship)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2017}}
{{Use British English|date=August 2017}}
{{Infobox ship
|section1={{Infobox ship/image
|image=
|image_caption=
}}

|section2={{Infobox ship/career
|country=Great Britain
|flag={{shipboxflag|Kingdom of Great Britain|civil}}
|yard_number=
|owner=*1796:R. Whitford
*1801: A. Dunlop<ref name=RS1801/>
*1802:Colvins & Bajett<ref name=New/>
*1806: W.Christie<ref name=RS1806/>
|builder=George Foreman & Nathaniel Bacon, Calcutta{{sfnp|Hackman|2001|p=231}}
|name=''Exeter''
|namesake=
|laid_down=
|launched=26 December 1793{{sfnp|Hackman|2001|p=231}}
|fate=Sank 21 August 1806
|notes=Teak-built
}}

|section3={{Infobox ship/characteristics
|type=
|tons_burthen=500, or 503,{{sfnp|Hackman|2001|p=231}} or 600<ref name=New>''New Oriental Register...'' (1802), p.71.</ref>{{sfnp|Phipps|1840|p=119}} ([[Builder's Old Measurement|bm]])
|length=
|beam=
|draught=
|propulsion=Sail
|speed=
|complement=*1800:20<ref name=LoM/>
*1806:22
|armament=*1800:6 × 4-pounder guns<ref name=LoM/>
*1801:6 × 6-pounder guns<ref name=RS1801>[https://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015021233583?urlappend=%3Bseq=137 ''Register of Shipping'' (1801), Seq.№E480.]</ref>
*1806:6 × 3&9-pounder guns + 2 × 18-pounder [[carronades]]<ref name=RS1806/>
|notes=
}}
}}

'''''Exeter''''' was launched at [[Kolkata|Calcutta]] in 1793. She made three voyages from Calcutta to England for the British [[East India Company]] (EIC). On the way home from england on the second of these voyages she suffered a high mortality rate from disease among her non-European crew. She was lost in August 1806 in a hurricane while returning to London from Jamaica.

==Career==
'''EIC voyage #1 (1796-1798):''' Captain Richard Whitford was at Calcutta on 27 January 1796 to sail for England. On 24 February ''Exeter'' was at [[Sagar Island|Saugor]] and by 30 July she was at [[Bay of Saint-Augustin|St Augustine's Bay]], Madagascar. Three weeks later, on 20 September, she was at [[Mumbai|Bombay]].<ref name=BL/> The reason for the return to India was that she had sustained damages and had to put back for repairs. Whitford had to enter into several [[bottomry]] bonds to finance the repairs. When he eventually could not repay them the case went to court to determine the order of priority of the claims.

From Bombay ''Exeter'' sailed to Trincomalee, arriving on 27 March 1797. England-bound, she was at the Cape of Good Hope on 19 October, [[Saint Helena|St Helena]] on 10 December, and [[The Downs (ship anchorage)|the Downs]] on 30 January 1798.<ref name=BL>[http://searcharchives.bl.uk/IAMS_VU2:IAMS045-001114975 British Library: ''Exeter'' (3).]</ref>

''Exeter'' was admitted to the Registry of Great Britain on 23 July 1798.{{Sfnp|House of Commons|1814|p=627}}

'''EIC voyage #2 (1800):''' Captain Anthony Dunlop left Calcutta on 1 February 1800. ''Exeter'' was at [[Khejuri II#Khijri|Kedgeree]] on 8 March and St Helena on 17 June. She arrived at the Downs on 6 September.<ref name=BL/> She had suffered eight crew deaths on her this leg of her voyage.{{sfnp|Lyons|1872|pp=13–14}}

Dunlop acquired a [[letter of marque]] on 26 November 1800.<ref name=LoM>{{Cite web |url=http://www.1812privateers.org/Great%20Britain/marque1793-1815.pdf |title=Letter of Marque, p.62 - accessed 25 July 2017. |access-date=1 September 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161020052005/http://www.1812privateers.org/Great%20Britain/marque1793-1815.pdf |archive-date=20 October 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Two days later he paid a bill for repairs of [[£sd|£]]2979 11[[shilling|s]] 11[[pence|d]].{{Sfnp|House of Commons|1814|p=613}}

''Exeter'' sailed from [[Gravesend, Kent]] on 7 December, and Portsmouth on 17 December. Her crew consisted of 25 Europeans and 53 [[lascars]].

On 14 January 1801 {{HMS|Argo|1781|6}} was off [[Ferrol, Galicia|Ferrol]] serving as escort for {{ship||Mornington|1799 ship|2}}, {{ship||Eliza Ann|1795 ship|2}}, and ''Exeter'', which were bound for India, and a whaler. They encountered a small Spanish ship that ''Argo'' captured.<ref>[https://hdl.handle.net/2027/uc1.c2735020?urlappend=%3Bseq=33 ''Lloyd's List'' 13 February 1801, №4125.]</ref>

Deaths among the crew on ''Exeter'' did not commence immediately, but by the time she arrived at [[Mumbai|Bombay]], 24 crew members had died. The deaths were entirely among the lascars. The men still ill when she arrived at Bombay soon recovered.{{sfnp|Lyons|1872|pp=13–14}}

''Exeter'' had left England at the same time as {{ship||Arran |1799 ship|2}} and {{ship||Mornington |1799 ship|2}}, both of which suffered similar mortality rates.

'''EIC voyage #3 (1801-1802):''' Captain John McIntosh left Calcutta on 1 July 1801. ''Exeter'' was at Kedgeree on 1 September and St Helena on 6 January 1802. She arrived at the Downs on 1 March.<ref name=BL/>

The ''New Oriental Register...'' reported in 1802 that her master was Captain John Parsons, and her owner Colvins & Bajett.<ref name=New/>

==Fate==
The ''Register of Shipping'' for 1806 listed ''Exeter'', A. Smillie, master, as sailing between London and Jamaica.<ref name=RS1806>[https://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015021233542?urlappend=%3Bseq=179 ''Register of Shipping'' (1806), Seq. №E677.]</ref>

''Exeter'' was one of 13 vessels of the Jamaica Fleet that were sunk in the August [[1806 Great Coastal hurricane]]. Of the 109 vessels, by October five vessels of the 109 in the convoy were still unaccounted for, though only the 13 were known to have sunk. On the vessels known to have been lost, 70 crew drowned, including 22 men from ''Exeter''; two of her crew were saved.{{sfnp|Grocott|1997|p=221}} ''[[Lloyd's List]]'' reported that ''Exeter'', A. Smellie, master, had been lost on 21 August.<ref>[https://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015005721496?urlappend=%3Bseq=381 ''Lloyd's List'' №4089.]</ref> (Other vessels lost included {{ship||Nutwell|1800 ship|2}} and {{ship||Herculean|1799 ship|2}}.)

There is one report that ''Exeter'' foundered in the South China Sea,{{sfnp|Hackman|2001|p=231}} but there is no other evidence to support that report, and a great deal of evidence in support of the loss on 21 August on her return journey from Jamaica to London.

==Citations==
{{reflist}}

==References==
* {{cite book |last=Grocott | first=Terence |title=Shipwrecks of the Revolutionary & Napoleonic Eras |publisher=Chatham |location=London |year=1997 |isbn=1861760302}}
* {{cite book |last=Hackman |first=Rowan |year=2001 |title=Ships of the East India Company |location=Gravesend, Kent |publisher=World Ship Society |isbn=0-905617-96-7 }}
* {{cite book |last=Lyons |first=Henry S. |year=1872|title=A Treatise on relapsing or famine fever |publisher=Henry S. King}}
*''New Oriental Register and East India Directory for 1802'' (1802). (London: Black's and Parry).
* {{cite book|last=Phipps|first=John |year=1840|title=A Collection of Papers Relative to Ship Building in India ...: Also a Register Comprehending All the Ships ... Built in India to the Present Time ...|publisher=Scott }}
* {{cite book |author=((House of Commons, Parliament, Great Britain))|year=1814 |title=Minutes of the Evidence Taken Before the Select Committee on Petitions Relating to East-India-Built Shipping |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |ref={{SfnRef|House of Commons|1814}}}}

{{1806 shipwrecks}}

[[Category:1793 ships]]
[[Category:British ships built in India]]
[[Category:Age of Sail merchant ships]]
[[Category:Merchant ships of the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Ships of the British East India Company]]
[[Category:Maritime incidents in 1806]]
[[Category:Shipwrecks in the Atlantic Ocean]]

Utsa Patnaik

2025-11-24T03:17:53Z

EloyNoble34: rework article for clarity for consistency

{{short description|Indian economist}}
{{BLP sources|date=December 2023}}
{{use dmy dates|date=November 2018}}
{{use Indian English|date=November 2018}}
{{Infobox academic
|image = Prof Utsa Patnaik VVGiriAward Aug 29 2012 02.jpg
|caption = Patnaik (right), V.V. Giri Award, 2012
|name = Utsa Patnaik
|workplaces = [[Jawaharlal Nehru University]]
|alma_mater = [[University of Delhi]] [[Somerville College, Oxford]]
|spouse = [[Prabhat Patnaik]]
}}

'''Utsa Patnaik''' is an Indian [[Marxian economist]]. She taught at the Centre for Economic Studies and Planning in the School of [[Social Sciences]] at [[Jawaharlal Nehru University, Delhi|Jawaharlal Nehru University]] (JNU) in [[New Delhi]],<ref name="U.Patnaik JNU Profile Page">{{cite web|title=Utsa Patnaik's Faculty Profile Page at the JNU website|url=http://www.jnu.ac.in/FacultyStaff/ShowProfile.asp?SendUserName=utsa|access-date=19 February 2012}}</ref>{{Citation needed|date=December 2023|reason=Broken link, primary university page not appropriate source for a BLP}} from 1973 until her retirement in 2010. Her husband is the Marxian economist [[Prabhat Patnaik]].{{Citation needed|date=December 2023}}

==Biography==
Patnaik obtained her [[doctorate]] in [[economics]] from the [[Somerville College, Oxford]], before returning to India to join JNU.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.yumpu.com/en/document/view/37743249/the-indira-gandhi-centre-for-sustainable-development-india|title=Somerville's enduring links with India – ''The Indira Gandhi Centre for Sustainable Development at Somerville College, Oxford''|publisher=Somerville College, Oxford|date=2015}}</ref> Her main areas of [[research]] interest are the problems of transition from [[agriculture]] and peasant predominant societies to an industrial society, both in a historical context and at present about India; and questions relating to food security and poverty.{{Citation needed|date=December 2023}}

==Selected works==
These issues have been discussed in more than 110 papers published as chapters in books and in [[Academic journal|journal]]s.<ref>{{cite web|title=Text of the inaugural T G Narayanan Memorial Lecture on Social Deprivation organised by Media Development Foundation and Asian College of Journalism, Chennai, and speaker profile|website=[[The Hindu]] |url=http://www.thehindu.com/multimedia/archive/00893/T_G__Narayanan_Memo_893967a.pdf|access-date=19 February 2012}}</ref> She has authored several books, including ''Peasant Class Differentiation – A Study in Method'' (1987),<ref>{{cite news |title=It is a crisis rooted in economic reforms |url=http://www.hindu.com/fline/fl2113/stories/20040702006302200.htm |work=[[Frontline (magazine)|Frontline]] |date=19 June 2004 |access-date=17 February 2012 }}{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> ''The Long Transition'' (1999) and ''The Republic of Hunger and Other Essays'' (2007).<ref name="Three Essays U.Patnaik">{{cite web|title=Catalogue Information on ''The Republic of Hunger'' and author profile, from Three Essays Collective|url=http://www.threeessays.com/titles.php?id=32|access-date=19 February 2012|archive-date=6 February 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120206224646/http://www.threeessays.com/titles.php?id=32|url-status=dead}}</ref> ''The Republic of Hunger'' was directly referenced in a volume published in 2021 titled ''The Hunger of the Republic: Our Present in Retrospect,'' the first volume of the India Since the 90s series published by [[Tulika Books]]''.'' A German translation of selections from the last book appeared in 2009.<ref>{{cite news |title=Schattenseiten der Globalisierung |url=http://www.dradio.de/dlf/sendungen/andruck/1045739/ |publisher=[[Deutschlandradio]] |date=5 October 2009 |access-date=17 February 2012 }}</ref> She has also edited and co-edited several volumes including ''Chains of Servitude – Bondage and Slavery in India'' (1985),<ref>{{cite book|title=Chains of servitude: Bondage and Slavery in India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=X0UFAQAAIAAJ|access-date=19 February 2012|year=1985|last1 = Patnaik|first1 = Utsa|last2 = Dingwaney|first2 = Manjari| publisher=Sangam Books | isbn=9780861314904 }}</ref> ''Agrarian Relations and Accumulation – the Mode of Production Debate in India'' (1991),<ref>{{cite book|title=Information on ''Agrarian Relations and Accumulation – the Mode of Production Debate in India''|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FuN4QgAACAAJ|access-date=19 February 2012|isbn=9780195625653|year=1990|last1 = Patnaik|first1 = Utsa| publisher=Sameeksha Trust }}</ref> ''The Making of History – Essays presented to Irfan Habib'' (2000),<ref>{{cite web|title=''The Making of History'' – Catalogue Information|url=http://tulikabooks.wordpress.com/catalogue-2/backlist/history-2/the-making-of-history-essays-presented-to-irfan-habib/|publisher=[[Tulika Books]]|access-date=19 February 2012|archive-date=27 November 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131127071100/http://tulikabooks.wordpress.com/catalogue-2/backlist/history-2/the-making-of-history-essays-presented-to-irfan-habib/|url-status=dead}}</ref> ''The Agrarian Question in Marx and his Successors'' in two volumes (2007,<ref>{{cite web|title=''The Agrarian Question in Marx and his Successors, Vol. I'' – Catalogue Information|url=http://www.leftword.com/bookdetails.php?BkId=179&type=PB|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130127154551/http://www.leftword.com/bookdetails.php?BkId=179&type=PB|url-status=dead|archive-date=27 January 2013|publisher=LeftWord Books|access-date=19 February 2012}}</ref> 2011<ref>{{cite web|title=''The Agrarian Question in Marx and his Successors, Vol. II'' – Catalogue Information|url=http://www.leftword.com/bookdetails.php?BkId=301&type=HB|publisher=LeftWord Books|access-date=19 February 2012|archive-date=5 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120305043151/http://www.leftword.com/bookdetails.php?BkId=301&type=HB|url-status=dead}}</ref>) and ''A Theory of Imperial Capitalism''.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Patnaik |first1=Utsa |last2=Patnaik |first2=Prabhat |title=A Theory of Imperialism |date=November 2016 |publisher=Columbia University Press |location=New York |isbn=9780231179799 |pages=256 |url=http://cup.columbia.edu/search-results?keyword=9780231179799 |access-date=15 October 2020}}</ref>

===Book reviews===
* Bagchi, Amiya Kumar. On A Theory of Imperialism. ''Social Scientist'', edited by Utsa Patnaik and Prabhat Patnaik, vol. 45, no. 3/4, Social Scientist, 2017, pp. 87–91.
* Vijay, R. The Agrarian Question and the Marxist Method. ''Economic and Political Weekly'', edited by Utsa Patnaik, vol. 48, no. 35, Economic and Political Weekly, 2013, pp. 27–30.
* Pratt, Brian. ''Development in Practice'', edited by Utsa Patnaik and Sam Moyo, vol. 22, no. 7, Taylor & Francis, Ltd., 2012, pp. 1060–1061.
* Gopinath, Ravindran. ''Social Scientist'', edited by Utsa Patnaik, vol. 36, no. 1/2, Social Scientist, 2008, pp. 94–97.
* Bose, Sugata. ''The Journal of Asian Studies'', edited by Jan Breman et al., vol. 47, no. 4, [Cambridge University Press, Association for Asian Studies], 1988, pp. 912–914, doi:10.2307/2057913.

===Selected journal articles===
====2010–2019====
*{{Cite journal| issn = 0012-9976| volume = 49| issue = 5| pages = 31–39| last = Patnaik| first = Utsa| others = Amiya Kumar Bagchi (ed.)| title = Aspects of India's Colonial Economic History| journal = Economic and Political Weekly| date = 2014| url = http://www.jstor.org/stable/24479145| jstor = 24479145}}
*{{Cite journal| issn = 0970-0293| volume = 42| issue = 1/2| pages = 13–35| last = Patnaik| first = Utsa| title = India in the World Economy 1900 to 1935: The Inter-War Depression and Britain's Demise as World Capitalist Leader| journal = Social Scientist| date = 2014| url = http://www.jstor.org/stable/24372997| jstor = 24372997}}
*{{Cite journal| issn = 0970-0293| volume = 41| issue = 11/12| pages = 79–81| last = Patnaik| first = Utsa| title = Gurdarshan Singh Bhalla| journal = Social Scientist| date = 2013| url = http://www.jstor.org/stable/23610458| jstor = 23610458}}
*{{Cite journal| issn=0012-9976| volume = 48| issue = 40| pages = 43–58| last = Patnaik| first = Utsa| title = Poverty Trends in India 2004–05 to 2009–10: Updating Poverty Estimates and Comparing Official Figures| journal = Economic and Political Weekly| date = 2013| jstor = 23528405}}
*{{Cite journal| volume = 48| issue = 1| pages = 4–5| last1 = Swaminathan| first1 = M S| last2 = Wilson| first2 = Bezwada| last3 = Sinha| first3 = Shantha| last4 = Shatrugna| first4 = Veena| last5 = Roy| first5 = Aruna| last6 = Mody| first6 = Gautam| last7 = Drèze| first7 = Jean| last8 = Agarwal| first8 = Bina| last9 = Patnaik| first9 = Utsa| last10 = Bagchi| first10 = Amiya Kumar| title = Cash Transfers and UID| journal = Economic and Political Weekly| date = 2013| jstor = 23391120}}
*{{Cite journal| issn = 2249-1937| volume = 74| pages = 682–702| last = Patnaik| first = Utsa| title = Sectional President's Address: India In The World Economy 1900 To 1935: The Inter-war Depression And Britain's Demise As World Capitalist Leader| journal = Proceedings of the Indian History Congress| date = 2013| url = http://www.jstor.org/stable/44158872| jstor = 44158872}}
*{{Cite journal| issn = 0970-0293| volume = 40| issue = 1/2| pages = 3–20| last = Patnaik| first = Utsa| title = Capitalism and the Production of Poverty| journal = Social Scientist| date = 2012| url = http://www.jstor.org/stable/23124193| jstor = 23124193}}
*{{Cite journal| issn = 0012-9976 | volume = 45| issue = 47| pages = 81–87| last = Patnaik| first = Utsa| title = On Some Fatal Fallacies| journal = Economic and Political Weekly| date = 2010| url = http://www.jstor.org/stable/25764157| jstor = 25764157}}
*{{Cite journal| issn = 0970-0293| volume = 38| issue = 7/8| pages = 53–60| last = Patnaik| first = Utsa| title = Jyoti Basu and Bengal| journal = Social Scientist| date = 2010| url = http://www.jstor.org/stable/27866723| jstor = 27866723}}
*{{Cite journal| issn = 0012-9976| volume = 45| issue = 6| pages = 74–80| last = Patnaik| first = Utsa| title = A Critical Look at Some Propositions on Consumption and Poverty| journal = Economic and Political Weekly| date = 2010| url = http://www.jstor.org/stable/25664093| jstor = 25664093}}
* {{Cite journal| issn = 0012-9976| volume = 45| issue = 4| pages = 42–53| last = Patnaik| first = Utsa| title = Trends in Urban Poverty under Economic Reforms: 1993–94 to 2004–05| journal = Economic and Political Weekly| date = 2010| url = http://www.jstor.org/stable/25664044| jstor = 25664044}}

====2000–2009====
*{{Cite journal| issn = 0970-0293| volume = 36| issue = 5/6| pages = 4–21| last = Patnaik| first = Utsa| title = The Question of Employment and Livelihoods in Labour Surplus Economies| journal = Social Scientist| date = 2008| url = http://www.jstor.org/stable/27644276| jstor = 27644276}}
*{{Cite journal| issn = 0970-0293| volume = 36| issue = 3/4| pages = 100–110| last = Krishnan| first = Vijoo| others = Utsa Patnaik (ed.)| title = The Agrarian Question| journal = Social Scientist| date = 2008| url = http://www.jstor.org/stable/27644271| jstor = 27644271}}
*{{Cite journal| issn = 0012-9976| volume = 42| issue = 34| pages = 3438| last1 = Ahmad| first1 = Aijaz| last2 = Bagchi| first2 = Amiya| last3 = Shukla| first3 = S. P.| last4 = Patnaik| first4 = Utsa| last5 = Nirmal Chandra| last6 = M. K. Bhadrakumar| last7 = Anuradha Chenoy| last8 = Swaminathan| first8 = Madhura| title = Pause on Indo-US Deal| journal = Economic and Political Weekly| date = 2007| url = http://www.jstor.org/stable/4419928| jstor = 4419928}}
*{{Cite journal| issn = 2349-8846| volume = 42| issue = 30| pages = 3132–3150| last = Patnaik| first = Utsa| title = Neoliberalism and Rural Poverty in India| journal = Economic and Political Weekly| date = 2007| url = http://www.jstor.org/stable/4419844| jstor = 4419844}}
*{{Cite journal| issn = 0970-0293| volume = 35| issue = 7/8| pages = 4–23| last = Patnaik| first = Utsa| title = New Data on the Arrested Development of Capitalism in Indian Agriculture| journal = Social Scientist| date = 2007| url = http://www.jstor.org/stable/27644228| jstor = 27644228}}
*{{Cite journal| issn = 0012-9976| volume = 42| issue = 13| pages = 1066| last1 = Bagchi| first1 = Amiya Kumar| last2 = Raina| first2 = M. K.| last3 = Ram Rahman| last4 = Bhattacharya| first4 = Malini| last5 = Patnaik| first5 = Utsa| last6 = Alam| first6 = Javeed| last7 = Bhattacharya| first7 = Mihir| last8 = Ghosh| first8 = Jayati| last9 = Rao| first9 = Mohan| last10 = Tyabji| first10 = Nasir| last11 = Meena Rajyadhyaksha| last12 = Jha| first12 = Praveen| last13 = Patnaik| first13 = Prabhat| last14 = Teesta Setalvad| last15 = Jha| first15 = D. N.| last16 = Ruchira Gupta| title = On Nandigram| journal = Economic and Political Weekly| date = 2007| url = http://www.jstor.org/stable/4419392| jstor = 4419392}}
*{{Cite journal| issn = 0970-0293| volume = 33| issue = 7/8| pages = 50–81| last = Patnaik| first = Utsa| title = Theorizing Food Security and Poverty in the Era of Economic Reforms| journal = Social Scientist| date = 2005| url = http://www.jstor.org/stable/3516886| jstor = 3516886}}
*{{Cite journal| issn = 0970-0293| volume = 33| issue = 5/6| pages = 93–97| last = Patnaik| first = Utsa| title = Andre Gunder Frank (1929–2005)| journal = Social Scientist| date = 2005| url = http://www.jstor.org/stable/3517969| jstor = 3517969}}
*{{Cite journal| doi = 10.2307/3518206| issn = 0970-0293| volume = 32| issue = 9/10| pages = 9–35| last = Patnaik| first = Utsa| title = The Republic of Hunger| journal = Social Scientist| date = 2004| url = http://www.jstor.org/stable/3518206| jstor = 3518206| url-access = subscription}}
*{{Cite journal| doi = 10.2307/3518255| issn = 0970-0293| volume = 32| issue = 7/8| pages = 36–41| last = Patnaik| first = Utsa| title = Principal Task on the Agrarian Front| journal = Social Scientist| date = 2004| url = http://www.jstor.org/stable/3518255| jstor = 3518255| url-access = subscription}}
*{{Cite journal| doi = 10.2307/3518306| issn = 0970-0293| volume = 31| issue = 7/8| pages = 15–41| last = Patnaik| first = Utsa| title = Food Stocks and Hunger: The Causes of Agrarian Distress| journal = Social Scientist| date = 2003| url = http://www.jstor.org/stable/3518306| jstor = 3518306| url-access = subscription}}
*{{Cite journal| doi = 10.2307/3518242| issn = 0970-0293| volume = 30| issue = 1/2| pages = 3–30| last = Patnaik| first = Utsa| title = Agrarian Crisis and Global Deflationism| journal = Social Scientist| date = 2002| url = http://www.jstor.org/stable/3518242| jstor = 3518242| url-access = subscription}}
*{{Cite journal| issn = 0012-9976| volume = 35| issue = 38| pages = 3420–3427| last1 = Patnaik| first1 = Utsa| last2 = Sriram Natrajan| title = Output and Employment in Rural China: Some Post-Reform Problems| journal = Economic and Political Weekly| date = 2000| url = http://www.jstor.org/stable/4409748| jstor = 4409748}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Patnaik, Utsa}}
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[[Category:Marxian economists]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian economists]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian women historians]]
[[Category:Indian women economists]]
[[Category:Indian Marxist historians]]
[[Category:Indian political writers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian women scientists]]
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[[Category:20th-century Indian non-fiction writers]]
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[[Category:20th-century Indian historians]]
[[Category:Indian women political writers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian economists]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian non-fiction writers]]
[[Category:Women writers from Delhi]]
[[Category:Women scientists from Delhi]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Women educators from Delhi]]
[[Category:Educators from Delhi]]

Balrampur

2025-11-21T13:27:18Z

EloyNoble34: further adjust intro for consistency also for consistency

{{for|other places|Balarampur (disambiguation)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2024}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Balrampur
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| settlement_type = Town
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| nickname =
| pushpin_map = India Uttar Pradesh#India#Asia
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Uttar Pradesh, India
| coordinates = {{coord|27.43|N|82.18|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Balrampur district, Uttar Pradesh|Balrampur]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_total_km2 =
| area_rank =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 106
| population_total = 81,054
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_footnotes =<ref name="Census2011Gov"/>
| population_density_km2 = 692
| population_rank =
| population_demonym =
| demographics_type1 = [[Language]]
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]]<ref name="langoff">{{cite web|title=52nd REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER FOR LINGUISTIC MINORITIES IN INDIA|url=http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf|website=nclm.nic.in|publisher=[[Ministry of Minority Affairs]]|access-date=21 December 2018|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525141614/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf|archive-date=25 May 2017}}</ref>
| demographics1_title2 = Additional official
| demographics1_info2 = [[Urdu]]<ref name="langoff"/>
| demographics1_title3 = Regional language
| demographics1_info3 = [[Awadhi language|Awadhi]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code = 271201
| registration_plate = UP-47
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Human sex ratio|Sex ratio]]
| blank1_info_sec1 = 912/1000[[male|♂]]/[[female|♀]]
| website = {{URL|www.balrampur.nic.in}}
| footnotes =
}}
'''Balrampur''' is a town and a [[municipal board]] in [[Balrampur district, Uttar Pradesh|Balrampur district]] in the [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[India]]. It is situated on the bank of river [[West Rapti River|Rapti]] and is the district headquarters of [[Balrampur district, Uttar Pradesh|Balrampur district]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=3 August 2020|title=Rapti river is wreaking havoc in Balrampur district » Ampinity News|url=https://www.ampinitynews.com/rapti-river-is-wreaking-havoc-in-balrampur/47115/|access-date=2 October 2020|website=Ampinity News|language=en-US}}{{Dead link|date=May 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

== History ==
Balrampur town is in close vicinity of [[Shravasti]] where Lord [[Gautama Buddha|Gautam Buddha]] is considered to have displayed his supernatural powers in the spiritual transformation of [[Angulimala]], a famous dacoit who wore a necklace (''mala'') of fingers (''anguli'').<ref name="Murthy1987">{{cite book|last=Murthy|first=K. Krishna|title=Glimpses Of Art, Architecture And Buddhist Literature in Ancient India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tD-7sojtDdYC&pg=PA121|accessdate=9 June 2013|date=1 January 1987|publisher=Abhinav Publications|isbn=978-81-7017-226-0|pages=121–122}}</ref><ref name="Dhammika2005">{{cite book|last=Dhammika|first=Shravasti|title=The Buddha and His Disciples|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IStatqlilL8C&pg=PA63|accessdate=9 June 2013|year=2005|publisher=Buddhist Publication Society|isbn=978-955-24-0280-7|pages=59–63}}</ref>

In the Mughal era, Balrampur was the seat of Balrampur Estate, the largest [[talukdari]] estate in [[Awadh State|Awadh]] and the ruler were from the Janwar Rajput clan.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://members.iinet.net.au/~royalty/ips/b/balrampur.html|title=BALRAMPUR|publisher=members.iinet.net.au|access-date=4 October 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304133300/http://members.iinet.net.au/~royalty/ips/b/balrampur.html|archive-date=4 March 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> Sir Digbijai Singh, Maharaja of Balrampur (1818–1882), was made a [[Knight Commander of the Star of India]] (KCSI) by the British for his support in the Uprising of 1857.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Wight|first=Colin|title=Balrampur: Sir Digbijai Singh, Maharaja of Balrampur (1818–1882).|url=http://www.bl.uk/onlinegallery/onlineex/apac/photocoll/b/019pho000000127u00009000.html|access-date=21 December 2020|website=British Library|archive-date=24 October 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231024040655/https://www.bl.uk/onlinegallery/onlineex/apac/photocoll/b/019pho000000127u00009000.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=जानिए बलरामपुर राजपरिवार का गौरवशाली इतिहास, सामाजिक क्षेत्र में रहा उत्कृष्ट योगदान|url=https://www.patrika.com/balrampur-up-news/untold-story-of-balrampur-king-dharmendra-pratap-singh-in-hindi-3182121/|access-date=21 December 2020|work=Patrika News|language=hi}}</ref>

==Geography==
Balrampur is located at {{Coord|27.43|N|82.18|E|}}. It has an average elevation of {{convert|105|m|ft}}.<ref name="Fallingrain">{{cite web|url=http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/36/Balrampur.html|title=Balrampur, India Page|work=Global Gazetteer Version 2.2|publisher=Falling Rain Genomics, Inc|accessdate=9 June 2013}}</ref>

==Demographics==
As of the [[2011 Indian census|2011 census]], Balrampur NPP had a total population of 81,054, of which 42,237 were males and 38,817 females. Population within the age group of 0 to 6 years was 10,492. The total number of literates in Balrampur was 47,964, which constituted 59.2% of the population with male literacy of 63.2% and female literacy of 54.8%. The effective literacy rate of 7+ population of Balrampur was 68.0%, of which male literacy rate was 72.3% and female literacy rate was 63.1%. The [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes]] population was 5,318 and 96 respectively. Balrampur had 12405 households in 2011.<ref name="Census2011Gov">{{cite web |title=Census of India: Balrampur |url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/pca/SearchDetails.aspx?Id=199247 |website=censusindia.gov.in |access-date=23 November 2019}}</ref>

==Politics==
Before delimitation the parliamentary constituency was known as Balrampur.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.livehindustan.com/lok-sabha-election/story-lok-sabha-elections-2019-history-of-balrampur-lok-sabha-seat-for-two-bharat-ratna-2480187.html|title=लोकसभा चुनाव 2019 : दो भारत रत्न देने वाली बलरामपुर लोकसभा सीट बनी इतिहास|work=[[Hindustan (newspaper)|Hindustan]]|date=8 April 2019 |language=hindi|url-status=live|access-date=23 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190408215619/https://www.livehindustan.com/lok-sabha-election/story-lok-sabha-elections-2019-history-of-balrampur-lok-sabha-seat-for-two-bharat-ratna-2480187.html |archive-date=8 April 2019 }}</ref>

Former Prime Minister, [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]] was declared elected for the first time from Balrampur Loksabha seat in 1957. Although in 1962 he lost the election to [[Subhadra Joshi]] (Congress). But in 1967 once again Vajpayee emerged as a winner. In the honour of Atal Bihari Vajpayee, a new train [[Sushasan Express|Sushashan Express]] (weekly) has been started which has the route from Balrampur to Gwalior.

Jagram Paswan of "Samajwadi Party" was elected as MLA from 2012 to 2017 and Palturam of "BJP" is the MLA from Balrampur seat since 2017.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/elections/uttar-pradesh/balrampur-mla-results|title=Balrampur Election Result 2017, Winner, Balrampur MLA, Uttar Pradesh|website=[[NDTV]]|language=en|access-date=3 September 2019}}</ref> And Mrs. Israt Jamal (wife of late Mr. Javed Hasan) of "Samajwadi Party" is the former president of municipal board. Late Mohd Javed Hasan is the only person who won the balrampur municipal board three time continuously.

The mayor of Balrampur Nagar Palika is Dhirendra Pratap Singh.<ref>{{cite news |last1=कुमार |first1=अनिल |date=13 May 2023 |title=Balrampur Nagar Nikay Chunav Result 2023: बलरामपुर में बीजेपी को बढ़त, जानें किसे कितने वोट |url=https://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/state/uttar-pradesh/balrampur/balrampur-up-nagar-nikay-chunav-election-result-2023-up-civic-polls-parinam-with-list/articleshow/100193850.cms |work=Navbharat Times |language=hi |access-date=24 December 2023}}</ref>

==Economy==
===Industry===
BCM- Balrampur Chini Mills Limited (Sugar Factory), the largest sugar production unit in India, is located in Balrampur. During the period of British rule it was owned by BIC (British India Corporation). Padmashree Minakshi Sarawagi is the managing director and owner of BCM. Bajaj Hindustan also has a sugar mill in the district near [[Utraula]].

==Archaeological sites==

Two prominent archaeological sites, [[Jetavana]] and [[Savatthi]], or ''Saheth'' and ''Maheth'', as they are locally known, are located in the vicinity of Balrampur town. [[Alexander Cunningham]] used the ancient (6th century CE) accounts of Chinese pilgrim-monks to determine that Saheth-Maheth actually referred to Jetavana and Savatthi.<ref>Arch. Survey of India, 1907-8, pp.81–131</ref>

Saheth, covering an area of 32 acres, was the site of the [[Jetavana]] monastery. It became an important place of pilgrimage, adorned with numerous [[shrine]]s, [[stupa]]s and [[monastery|monasteries]]. The stupas belong mostly to the [[Kushan Empire|Kushan period]], while the temples are in the [[Gupta Empire|Gupta style]]. The remains date from the [[Maurya Empire|Mauryan era]] (3rd century BCE) to the 12th century CE. One of the earliest stupas, contained relics of the Buddha. A colossal statue of the Buddha was also found here which is now preserved in the [[Indian Museum]], [[Kolkata]].

Maheth covers an area of about {{convert|400|acre|ha}}, and has been identified with the remains of the city proper and is located about {{convert|0.25|mi|km}} to the north-east of Saheth. Excavations have exposed the massive gates of the city, ramparts and also the ruins of other structures which testify to the prosperity of ancient [[Sravasti]]. The Sobhanath Temple is located here. The ruins of Maheth includes two stupas. One stupa, known as ''Pakki Kuti'', is said to be that of Angulimala while the other, known as ''Kachchi Kuti'', is believed to be that of [[Sudatta]], a disciple of Buddha.<ref name="Rai2010">{{cite book|last=Rai|first=Supriya|title=Spiritual Master The Buddha|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ke63RbGV0WkC&pg=PA127|accessdate=9 June 2013|date=1 January 2010|publisher=Indus Source|isbn=978-81-88569-05-2|page=127}}</ref> Pakki Kuti and Kacchi Kuti were later converted into Brahmanical temples.

The Emperor [[Ashoka]] visited [[Jetavana]], and the Chinese pilgrim Hiuen- Tsang ([[Xuanzang]]) mentions two Ashokan pillars at [[Sravasti]]. Other places of interest include the Swarnagandha Kuti where [[Gautama Buddha]] lived. In [[Jetavana]] is also located the second-holiest tree of Buddhism: the [[Bodhi Tree#To Jetavana.2C Sravasti|Anandabodhi]] Tree.<ref>[[Jetavana]]</ref>

==Tourism and culture==
The district has very rich literary heritage. Famous Urdu poet [[Ali Sardar Jafri]] was born here in 1913. He is among the only four Urdu poets who got the prestigious [[Jnanpith award]] (other three are [[Firaq Gorakhpuri|Firak Gorakhpuri]], Kurtulain Hyder and Shaharyar). The other notable poet of the town is Syed Ali Mehdi Rizvi, very famous for his religious [[Urdu poetry]] such as Mussadas, [[Marsiya]], Salam, Rubai, Nauha etc. Apart from extensively writing the religious poetry, his other notable works include poetic representation of History of India named "Matla-e-Watan" and translation of [[Bhagavad Gita]] in Urdu poetry. Apart from that the birthplace of Mohd Shafi Ali Khan also known as [[Bekal Utsahi]] is Balrampur. He has the distinction of being a former member of [[Rajya Sabha]]. In 1976 he got [[Padma Shri|Padmashree]] Award in the field of literature. During a visit to the Mazar of Hazrat Vaaris Ali Shah of Devan-Sharif in 1945 Shah Hafiz Pyari Miyan quoted, "Bedam Gaya Bekal aaya". After that incident Mohammad Shafi Khan converted his name as "Bekal Varsi". During the period of Pandit Nehru in 1952 an interesting event happened, which resulted in the emergence of [[Bekal Utsahi]]. There was an election programme of congress party in Gonda at that time. Bekal Varsi welcomed Pandit Nehru by his poetry "Kisan Bharat Ka". Nehru was very much impressed and said,"Yeh hamara utsahi shayar hai". Finally he is renowned as [[Bekal Utsahi]] in the literary world.

One of the most popular Hindu worship sites is situated in [[Tulsipur]] about 27 kilometres from the district headquarters. It is known as Devi Patan.{{citation needed|date=September 2020}} [[File:Patan Devi Temple.JPG|thumb|Patan Devi Temple, Tulsipur, Uttar Pradesh, India]] [[File:Patan Devi Temple Ancient imli tree.JPG|thumb|Patan Devi Temple, Tulsipur, Uttar Pradesh, India]] The temple has the distinction of having included in 51 "Shaktipeethas" of Goddess [[Durga]] according to [[Hindu mythology]]. It is believed that during the event when Lord [[Shiva]] was carrying the corpse of his wife [[Sati (Hindu goddess)|Sati]], the light shoulder of Sati{{clarify|date=June 2021|reason=What is 'light shoulder'?}} with cloth (वाम स्कन्ध पट सहित) had fallen here. Revered by Hindus in India and [[Nepal]], millions of pilgrims visit this place throughout the year. A Grand festival has been organised at the time of [[Durga Puja]]. During the month of [[chaitra]] a "Mela" has also been organised every year. One of the salient feature of this event is "Shobha Yatra" of Peer Ratan Nath. Every year devotees from [[Dang District, Nepal|Dang district]] of Nepal used to come here as an integral part of yatra.

The Devi Patan Siddha Peeth had been established by Guru [[Gorakhnath]] of the [[Nath]] Sampradaya. The existing temple here is said to have been constructed King [[Vikramaditya]]. In the 1lth century King [[Suhaldev|Suheldeo]] of [[Sravasti]] had renovated the temple. The royal family of Balrampur, is today the caretaker of the temple. A large fair takes place in Navratri and every year on Chaitra Panchami the deity of Pir Ratan Nath is brought from Dang in Nepal to the Devi Patan temple where it is worshipped along with the Devi.

Apart from that Bijleshwari Devi temple is also famous among the local people. [[File:Bijlipur Temple front view.JPG|thumb|Bijlipur, Dist. Balrampur, Uttar Pradesh, India]] The area where the temple is situated is known as Bijlipur. The temple is built by the Maharaja of Balrampur in the 19th century and is a fine example of intricate carving in red stone, which cover the whole structure. [[File:Bijlipur Temple stone carvings of ras lila.JPG|thumb|Bijlipur, Dist. Balrampur, Uttar Pradesh, India]] The sanctum sanctorum has no idol but a deep covered hole in the ground, where legend has it that lightning fell to mark the spot for the building the temple. It has the distance of about 6 kilometres from Balrampur town. Jharkhandi Temple on the opposite side of [[Jharkhandi Railway Station]] of Gonda-Gorakhpur loop line attracts the attention of Balrampurites as well as other people too. The Festival of [[Moharram]] is celebrated with full enthusiasm. It is the landmark amongst the Moharram of whole country.

About 17 Kilometers from Bus Stand (UP Roadways) on Balrampur-Bahriach Road (SH-26) in Sravasti, which is considered one of the most important & popular holy places of Jains and Buddhists. The third [[Tirthankar]] [[Sambhavanatha]] was born here and it was here that he attained the ultimate light of knowledge through meditation.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.easternuptourism.com/Swetambar-Jain-Temple.jsp |title=Shwetamaber Jain Temple |access-date=2 June 2013 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130629020621/http://www.easternuptourism.com/Swetambar-Jain-Temple.jsp |archive-date=29 June 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Shobhnath Temple (Jain temple) is also located in the Mahet area of Sravasti at a distance of about 1 km from Jetvan Monastery on the road leading to Kachchi Kuti, & Pakki Kuti. He took diksha at Sahetuk forest (hence Sahet). Few sculptures of Jain Tirthankars in standing & seated posture (belonging to 10th & 11th century) have been found during the excavations of this area. Excavations of nearby area have also exposed the remains of three temple complexes.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.easternuptourism.com/Shobhnath-Temple.jsp |title=Shobhnath Temple (Jain temple) |access-date=2 June 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130925121451/http://www.easternuptourism.com/Shobhnath-Temple.jsp |archive-date=25 September 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

The 8th Tirthankar Lord [[Chandraprabha|Chandra Prabhu]] is also said to have meditated here. The birthday of Lord Sambhavnath is celebrated here in a big way on [[Kartik Purnima]] (Oct–Nov).

Sravasti is equally revered by Buddhists. Bhagvan Buddha spent 19 rainy seasons (''[[vassa]]'', चौमासे) and gave the majority of his teachings and discourses there, at the [[vihara]] in [[Jetavana|Jetvana]], constructed by [[Anathapindika|Anathpindak]], devoted lay follower of Bhagvan Buddha. In the recent past, a [[Daen Maha Mongkol International Meditation Centre]] in Sravasti, one of the two centers (the other in [[Thailand]]), has been established by [[Upasika]] [[Bongkot Sitthipol]] with the emphasis on education to cultivate virtues, great wisdom, and kindness, giving rise to peace and true happiness in the world. [[File:Daen Mahamongkol Chai.JPG|thumb|Daen Mahamongkol Chai, Sravasti, Uttar Pradesh, India]] For almost thirty years, the training in meditation and wisdom for the public and youth from Thailand and other countries has been provided free of charge by the centre. The centre has six big halls for meditation which can accommodate up to 3000 people, each with the provision of solitary meditation in the huts along with large dining halls for devotees & visitors.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.easternuptourism.com/Dean-Mahamongkol-Chai.jsp |title=Daen Mahamongkol Chai |access-date=2 June 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130720101801/http://www.easternuptourism.com/Dean-Mahamongkol-Chai.jsp |archive-date=20 July 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

During the British period Balrampur riyasat was one of the important states of Avadh area. The amazing Neel Bagh Palace is also situated inside the town. It is One of the most frequently visited place by the tourists. Presently Dharmendra Prasad Singh is the member of former monarchy. He is also the curator of famous Maharani Lal Kunwari Post Graduate College, Balrampur.

==Transport==
*Road: Balrampur is located about 160 Kilometers from the state capital [[Lucknow]]. The town is connected to [[Lucknow]] through state highway 1A. [[Uttar Pradesh State Road Transport Corporation]] buses are available from [[Kaiserbagh]] Bus Station, ([[Lucknow]]) frequently.
*Railways: [[Balrampur railway station]] (blp) comes under [[North Eastern Railway Zone (India)|North Eastern Railway]].

==Education==
[[File:The building with the founder's statute.JPG|thumb|Maharani Lal Kunwari P.G. College, Balrampur, India]]
[[File:Statute of the Maharaja of Balrampur, Shri Dijvijay Singh.JPG|thumb|Balrampur, Uttar Pradesh, India]]
The royal family of Balrampur promoted education in the town and set up the oldest Inter College in 1883. The Maharani Lal Kunwari Post Graduate College (M.L.K. P.G. College) was founded in 1955 with the Maharaja donating the campus and buildings of the City Palace to set up the institution.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mlkpgcollege.org/|title=Maharan Lal Kunwari Post Graduate College|publisher=mlkpgcollege.org}}</ref>

==Media==
Balrampur has an [[All India Radio]] Relay station known as Akashvani Balrampur. It broadcasts on FM frequencies.

==In popular culture==
* The 2023 [[Bollywood]] film ''[[The Great Indian Family]]'' is based in Balrampur.<ref>{{Cite news |title='The Great Indian Family' trailer: Vicky Kaushal is a bhajan star in crisis |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/the-great-indian-family-trailer-vicky-kaushal-is-a-bhajan-star-in-crisis/article67298625.ece |work=The Hindu |issn=0971-751X |date=12 September 2023 |access-date=9 June 2024}}</ref>

==Notable persons==
* [[Ali Sardar Jafri]], Indian writer
* [[Bekal Utsahi]], Indian poet, writer and politician
* [[Afroz Ahmad]], Indian environmental scientist, advisor to the [[Government of Maharashtra]] and former civil servant
* [[Akash Mishra]], professional footballer, part of the [[India national football team|India national team]]<ref>{{Cite web|date=13 May 2021|title=Mummy's influence on my life has been immense: Akash Mishra|url=https://hyderabadfc.co.in/2021/media-watch/mummys-influence-on-my-life-has-been-immense-akash-mishra/|url-status=live|access-date=19 May 2021|website=Hyderabad FC|language=en-US|archive-date=19 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210519164945/https://hyderabadfc.co.in/2021/media-watch/mummys-influence-on-my-life-has-been-immense-akash-mishra/}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Balrampur gang rape]]
* [[Balrampur (Lok Sabha constituency)]]
* [[Balrampur (Assembly constituency)]], in Uttar Pradesh

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Sources==
* {{cite book|title=The Life of Maharaja Sir Digbijai Singh Bahadur K.C.S.I, Balrampur Estate, Oudh|first=Thakur Baldeo Singh |last=Chowhan |publisher=Bloomsbury India|year=2018|isbn=978-9387457614}}

==External links==
*{{cite EB1911|wstitle=Balrampur |volume=3 |short=x}}

{{Balrampur district}}
{{Devipatan division topics}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Balrampur]]

Dhairya Karwa

2025-11-01T04:18:21Z

EloyNoble34:

{{short description|Indian actor (born 1990)}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date= June 2022}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Dhairya Karwa
| birth_name =
| image = Dhairya Karwa at the Geetanjali salon launch in Bandra (cropped).jpg
| caption = Karwa in 2022
| other_names =
| birth_place = [[Jaipur, Rajasthan]]
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1990|11|19|df=yes}}<ref name="DKHB" />
| alma mater = [[Shri Ram College of Commerce]], [[University of Delhi]]
| occupation = Actor
| yearsactive = 2019–present
}}

'''Dhairya Karwa''' (born 19 November 1990)<ref name="DKEI" /> is an Indian actor who works in [[Bollywood|Hindi]] films. He made his acting debut with ''[[Uri: The Surgical Strike]]'' (2019), and has since played [[Ravi Shastri]] in ''[[83 (film)|83]]'' (2021) and an aspiring writer in ''[[Gehraiyaan]]'' (2022).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dhairya Karwa on life before Gehraiyaan: 'Kept giving auditions whenever I learnt about a film' |access-date=1 February 2022 |work=The Indian Express |date=31 January 2022 |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/dhairya-karwa-on-life-before-gehraiyaan-7748658/lite/}}</ref> Karwa has since starred in the thriller series ''[[Gyaarah Gyaarah]]'' (2024).

==Early life==
Karwa was born on 19 November 1992 in [[Jaipur, Rajasthan]].<ref name="DKHB">{{Cite web |title=Deepika Padukone sends birthday love to 'gentle soul' Dhairya Karwa; Wishes him super success and stardom |access-date=20 November 2020 |work=Pinkvilla |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/news/deepika-padukone-sends-birthday-love-gentle-soul-dhairya-karwa-wishes-him-super-success-and-stardom-575936%3famp}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Ananya Panday has the sweetest birthday wish for co-star Dhairya Karwa; shares a stunning picture |access-date=20 November 2021 |work=Times of India |date=19 November 2020 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/ananya-panday-has-the-sweetest-birthday-wish-for-co-star-dhairya-karwa-shares-a-stunning-picture/articleshow/79297828.cms}}</ref> Karwa studied at Welham Boys’ School in Dehradun, where he was the school team’s Basketball captain and at [[Shri Ram College of Commerce]], [[University of Delhi]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=Gehraiyaan actor Dhairya Karwa Interview! Says one faces rejections more than acceptance in Bollywood |access-date=4 February 2022 |work=Times of India |date=3 February 2022 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/gehraiyaan-actor-dhairya-karwa-interview-says-one-faces-rejections-more-than-acceptance-in-bollywood/articleshow/89301430.cms}}</ref> Karwa played [[basketball]] for his college, and represented the Uttarakhand State team.<ref>{{Cite web |title=DHAIRYA KARWA, OF URI AND '83 FAME, SHARES HIS BASKETBALL JOURNEY |access-date=19 December 2022 |work=Ekalavyas |url=http://ekalavyas.com/2021/12/25/dhairya-karwa-basketball-actor/}}</ref> He worked as a [[data analyst]] in [[Gurugram]], before becoming a model. He modeled for many brands like [[Star Movies]] and [[Kerala Tourism]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Exclusive! Dhairya Karwa: From Data Analyst to Romancing Deepika Padukone |access-date=6 February 2022 |work=The Quint |date=5 February 2022 |url=https://www.thequint.com/entertainment/hot-on-web/dhairya-karwa-gehraiyaan-interview-romancing-deepika-padukone-bollywood#read-more}}</ref>

==Career==
Karwa made his acting debut in 2019 with ''[[Uri: The Surgical Strike]]''.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/a-year-after-surgical-strikes-ronnie-screwvala-announces-uri-starring-vicky-kaushal-4850823/ |title=A year after surgical strikes, Ronnie Screwvala announces URI starring Vicky Kaushal |work=The Indian Express |access-date=18 November 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/news/view-picture-it-s-wrap-yami-gautam-and-vicky-kaushal-s-uri-424921 |title=View picture: It's a wrap up for Yami Gautam and Vicky Kaushal's Uri |publisher=Pinkvilla |access-date=18 November 2018 |archive-date=14 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180914111459/https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/news/view-picture-it-s-wrap-yami-gautam-and-vicky-kaushal-s-uri-424921 |url-status=dead }}</ref> He portrayed Captain Sartaj Singh Chandhok. The film was a box office success grossing ₹359.73 crore.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=5569|title='URI - THE SURGICAL STRIKE|date=5 March 2019|website=Box Office India|access-date=20 February 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Sen |first1=Raja |title=Uri review: Vicky Kaushal leads an efficient but unimpressive attack |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/uri-movie-review-vicky-kaushal-leads-an-efficient-but-unimpressive-attack/story-GLB87YbBPnBRqBk4erAoQP.html |access-date=18 January 2019 |work=Hindustan Times}}</ref> The same year, he made his web debut with ''[[Made in Heaven (TV series)|Made in Heaven]]'' portraying Samar Ranawat.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/made-in-heaven-poster-farhan-akhtar-5542683/ |title=Farhan Akhtar unveils first look poster of web series Made In Heaven |work=The Indian Express |date=17 January 2019 |access-date= 17 January 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://m.hindustantimes.com/tv/made-in-heaven-review-zoya-akhtar-does-it-again-gives-amazon-prime-its-best-desi-original-yet/story-YONq0QxcOSwHiLx7ftJb2J_amp.html |title=Made In Heaven review: The best desi original by Amazon Prime, it unmasks the shiny lies of big fat Indian weddings |access-date=8 March 2019 |website=Hindustan Times|date=8 March 2019 }}</ref>

He next appeared in the 2020 short film ''Amritsar Junction''. He portrayed a rioter in the film based on 1947 communal riots during the [[Partition of India]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Amritsar Junction — a tale of courage during Partition riots |url=https://m.tribuneindia.com/news/bathinda/test-for-rimc-to-be-held-on-june-1-2-in-chandigarh-43840 |access-date=24 March 2020 |website=Tribune India |language=en |archive-date=24 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211224145636/https://m.tribuneindia.com/news/bathinda/test-for-rimc-to-be-held-on-june-1-2-in-chandigarh-43840 |url-status=live}}</ref> In 2021, he appeared in [[Kabir Khan (director)|Kabir Khan]]'s sports film ''[[83 (film)|83]]'', where he portrayed cricketer [[Ravi Shastri]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=Ranveer Singh finds his Ravi Shastri in Dhairya Karwa |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/ranveer-singh-finds-his-ravi-shastri-in-dhairya-karwa/articleshow/68108248.cms |access-date=26 December 2021 |website=The Times of India |date=22 February 2019 |language=en |archive-date=24 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211224145636/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/ranveer-singh-finds-his-ravi-shastri-in-dhairya-karwa/articleshow/68108248.cms |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=1983 Cricket World Cup Movie: Who is playing whom in the Ranveer Singh-starrer |url=https://m.mid-day.com/amp/articles/1983-cricket-world-cup-movie-whos-playing-who-in-the-ranveer-singh-starrer/20434182? |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190224174037/https://m.mid-day.com/articles/1983-cricket-world-cup-movie-whos-playing-who-in-the-ranveer-singh-starrer/20434182 |archive-date=24 February 2019 |access-date=27 February 2019 |website=Mid Day}}</ref> Despite the positive reviews, the film was unsuccessful at the Indian box office, it grossed ₹193.73 crore.<ref>{{Cite news |title=83 Movie Review: FIVE reasons why you should not miss Kabir Khan's sports drama starring Ranveer Singh |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/83-five-reasons-why-you-should-not-miss-kabir-khans-sports-drama-starring-ranveer-singh/photostory/88444588.cms |access-date=25 December 2021 |website=The Times of India |language=en |archive-date=25 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211225152519/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/83-five-reasons-why-you-should-not-miss-kabir-khans-sports-drama-starring-ranveer-singh/photostory/88444588.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> Karwa received moderately positive reviews for his performance.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Adarsh |first=Taran |date=24 December 2021 |title=83 Movie Review: 83 is a winner - on pitch, on screen too. |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/83/critic-review/83-movie-review/83-is-a-winner-on-pitch-on-screen-too/ |url-status=live |access-date=25 December 2021 |website=Bollywood Hungama |language=en |archive-date=24 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211224181845/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/83/critic-review/83-movie-review/83-is-a-winner-on-pitch-on-screen-too/ }}</ref>

Karwa next portrayed an aspiring writer in [[Shakun Batra]]'s ''[[Gehraiyaan]]'', opposite [[Deepika Padukone]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/ab-toh-title-rakhlo-siddhant-chaturvedi-ananya-panday-deepika-padukone-wrap-shoot-shakun-batras-untitled-next/ |title='Ab toh title rakhlo': Siddhant Chaturvedi, Ananya Panday, Deepika Padukone wrap the shoot of Shakun Batra's untitled next |work=Bollywood Hungama |access-date=20 August 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Gehraiyaan teaser: Deepika Padukone-Siddhant Chaturvedi's passion throw Ananya Panday, Dhairya Karwa into the deep |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/gehraiyaan-teaser-deepika-padukone-siddhant-chaturvedi-ananya-panday-dhairya-karwa-shakun-batra-watch-7681145/ |access-date=20 December 2021 |work=[[The Indian Express]]}}</ref> The film premiered on 11 February 2022 on [[Amazon Prime Video]] and received mixed-to-positive reviews from critics. ''[[Pinkvilla]]'' noted, "Dhairya Karwa makes his presence felt enough while sharing screen space with Deepika."<ref>{{cite web |title=Gehraiyaan Review: Deepika Padukone steers Shakun Batra's complex love drama remarkably |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/reviews/gehraiyaan-review-deepika-padukone-steers-shakun-batras-complex-love-drama-remarkably-1020231 |website=Pinkvilla |access-date=12 February 2022 |archive-date=11 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220211161145/https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/reviews/gehraiyaan-review-deepika-padukone-steers-shakun-batras-complex-love-drama-remarkably-1020231 |url-status=live }}</ref> While ''[[DNA India]]'' mentioned, "Karwa makes a solid impression by playing the ignorant partner."<ref>{{cite web |title='Gehraiyaan' movie review: Deepika Padukone, Ananya Panday starrer is too complicated for the masses |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/bollywood/report-gehraiyaan-movie-review-deepika-padukone-ananya-panday-siddhant-chaturvedi-film-is-not-everyone-s-cup-of-tea-2933566/amp|website=DNA India |access-date=7 April 2022 |archive-date=5 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220405161608/https://www.dnaindia.com/bollywood/report-gehraiyaan-movie-review-deepika-padukone-ananya-panday-siddhant-chaturvedi-film-is-not-everyone-s-cup-of-tea-2933566/amp|url-status=live}}</ref>

He next appeared alongside [[Tara Sutaria]] in ''[[Apurva (2023 film)|Apurva]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Apurva: Gehraiyaan actor Dhairya Karwa to star opposite Tara Sutaria in Star Studios and Cine1 Studios' edge-of-the-seat thriller |work=Bollywood Hungama |date=10 November 2022 |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/apurva-gehraiyaan-actor-dhairya-karwa-star-opposite-tara-sutaria-star-studios-cine1-studios-edge-seat-thriller/ |access-date=10 November 2022}}</ref> Karwa has appeared in advertisements for [[Slice (drink)|Slice]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dhairya Karwa shares his experience of working with Katrina Kaif in an ad for Slice |work=Filmfare |url=https://m.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/dhairya-karwa-shares-his-experience-of-working-with-katrina-kaif-in-an-ad-52606.amp |access-date=11 March 2022}}</ref> and [[Shoppers Stop]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=WATCH! Shoppers Stop's #NayiDiwaliNayiSoch with Yami Gautam and Dhairya Karwa |work=Shoppers Stop - Youtube |url=https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=yfjALOnON9E |access-date=1 October 2022}}</ref>

==Filmography==
===Films===
{{Pending films key}}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year
! Title
! Role
! Notes
! class="unsortable"| Ref.
|-
|2019
|''[[Uri: The Surgical Strike]]''
|[[Captain (armed forces) |Captain]] Sartaj Singh Chandhok
|
|
|-
|2020
|''Amritsar Junction''
|Rioter
|Short film
|
|-
|2021
|''[[83 (film)|83]]''
|[[Ravi Shastri]]
|
|<ref>{{Cite news |title=Dhairya Karwa: It's challenging to play Ravi Shastri |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/dhairya-karwa-its-challenging-to-play-ravi-shastri/articleshow/68874943.cms |access-date=24 December 2021 |website=The Times of India |date=15 April 2019 |language=en |archive-date=24 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211224202744/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/dhairya-karwa-its-challenging-to-play-ravi-shastri/articleshow/68874943.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|2022
|''[[Gehraiyaan]]''
|Karan Arora
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Meet Dhairya Karwa, Deepika Padukone's co-star in 'Gehraiyaan' |work=DNA India |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/bollywood/photo-gallery-meet-dhairya-karwa-deepika-padukone-s-co-star-in-gehraiyaan-ananya-panday-siddhant-chaturvedi-shakun-batra-2930427/amp |access-date=28 January 2022}}</ref>
|-
|2023
|''[[Apurva (2023 film)|Apurva]]''
|Siddharth "Sid"
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dhairya Karwa to star opposite Tara Sutaria in Apurva, says 'thrilled to embark on this journey' |work=India Today |date=10 November 2022 |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/dhairya-karwa-to-star-opposite-tara-sutaria-in-next-thriller-apurva-2295657-2022-11-10 |access-date=11 November 2022}}</ref>
|}

===Television===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year
! Title
! Role
! Notes
! class="unsortable"| Ref.
|-
|2019
|''[[Made in Heaven (TV series)|Made in Heaven]]''
|Samar Ranawat
|Episode: "A Royal Affair"
|<ref name="DKEI">{{Cite web |title=Exclusive: In Bed With Dhairya Karwa: "I can't respond to a 'Hey' in DMs. Be original!" |work=Hindustan Times |date=13 March 2022 |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/lifestyle/brunch/in-bed-with-dhairya-karwa-i-can-t-respond-to-a-hey-in-dms-be-original-101647111082858-amp.html |access-date=13 March 2022}}</ref>
|-
|2024
|''[[Gyaarah Gyaarah]]''
|Inspector/ ASI Shaurya Anthwal
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |title= Here's all we know about Karan Johar, Guneet Monga's new project Gyaarah Gyaarah |url= https://www.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/heres-all-we-know-about-karan-johar-guneet-mongas-new-project-gyaarah-gyaarah-58696.html |access-date=24 April 2024 |website=Filmfare |language=en}}</ref>
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* {{imdb name|9811423}}

{{Portal bar|India|Films}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Karwa, Dhairya}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:Male actors in Hindi cinema]]
[[Category:1990 births]]
[[Category:Male actors from Mumbai]]

Surjeet Singh Narwal

2025-10-25T07:36:39Z

EloyNoble34: brief cleanup section per standard format and cleaned formatting for clarity

{{Short description|Indian kabaddi player}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
{{Infobox sportsperson
| nationality = Indian
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1990|08|10|df=y}}
| sport = [[Kabaddi]]
| event =
| league = Pro Kabaddi League
| team = [[U Mumba]](2016) [[Bengal Warriors]](2017-2018) [[Puneri Paltan]] (2016,2019) [[Tamil Thalaivas]](2021) [[Telugu Titans]](2022) [[Bengaluru Bulls]](2023) [[Jaipur Pink Panthers]](2024) [[Dabang Delhi]](2025- present)
| show-medals = yes
| medaltemplates = {{MedalSport|Men's [[Kabaddi]]}}
{{MedalCountry|{{IND}}}}
{{MedalCompetition | [[Asian Games]]}}
{{MedalGold|[[2022 Asian Games|2022 Hangzhou]]|[[Kabaddi at the 2022 Asian Games – Men|Team]]}}
{{MedalGold|[[Kabaddi at the 2014 Asian Games|2014 Incheon]]|Team}}
}}

'''Surjeet Singh Narwal''' (born 10 August 1990) is an Indian [[kabaddi]] player. He was a member of the [[kabaddi]] team who won a gold medal in the [[Kabaddi at the 2014 Asian Games|2014 Asian Games]] in [[Incheon]], South Korea.He was a former captain of the team [[Puneri Paltan]]. He was also a part of [[Tamil Thalaivas|Telugu Titans]] in [[Pro Kabaddi]] season 9. He also former captain of [[Bengaluru Bulls]] in [[Pro Kabaddi]] season 10.<ref name="daijiworld">{{cite web|url=http://www.daijiworld.com/news/news_disp.asp?n_id=90552|title=Native Proud of Asiad Kabaddi Gold Medalist Mamata Poojary|publisher=daijiworld.com|accessdate=2014-10-22}}</ref><ref name="The Hindu - 29Nov2010 - Kerala still in celebratory mood after Asiad impression ">{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/2010/11/29/stories/2010112955731600.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110402085824/http://www.hindu.com/2010/11/29/stories/2010112955731600.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=April 2, 2011|title= Kerala still in celebratory mood after Asiad impression |last=Vinod|first=A.|date=Nov 29, 2010|work=[[The Hindu]]|publisher=[[The Hindu Group]]|accessdate=15 December 2012}}</ref><ref name="The Hindu - 08Jan2011 - January 8, 2011">{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-kerala/article1064839.ece|title=Colourful start to district youth fete|date=January 8, 2011|work=[[The Hindu]]|publisher=[[The Hindu Group]]|accessdate=15 December 2012}}</ref>

He was part of the Indian kabaddi team<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-08-26 |title=Full list of Indian athletes for Asian Games 2023 |url=https://www.firstpost.com/sports/asian-games-2023-full-list-of-634-indian-athletes-who-will-take-part-in-hangzhou-event-13042652.html |access-date=2023-10-07 |website=Firstpost |language=en}}</ref> who won a gold medal at the 2022 Asian Games where they defeated Iran to 33–29 in a controversial final faceoff.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Asian Games 2023, Day 14 Live Updates: India win men's kabaddi Gold after controversial finish |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/asian-games-2023/story/day-14-live-updates-medals-archery-india-vs-afghanistan-cricket-kabaddi-satwik-chirag-finals-2445671-2023-10-07 |access-date=2023-10-07 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-10-07 |title=India win men's kabaddi gold after controversial final against Iran involving one hour stoppage |url=https://www.espn.in/kabaddi/story/_/id/38588943/asian-games-2022-india-win-gold-controversial-final-iran-involving-one-hour-stoppage |access-date=2023-10-07 |website=ESPN |language=en}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Narwal, Surjeet Singh}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1990 births]]
[[Category:Indian male kabaddi players]]
[[Category:Asian Games gold medalists in kabaddi]]
[[Category:Kabaddi players at the 2014 Asian Games]]
[[Category:Kabaddi players at the 2022 Asian Games]]
[[Category:Asian Games gold medalists for India]]
[[Category:Asian Games kabaddi players for India]]
[[Category:Medalists at the 2014 Asian Games]]
[[Category:Place of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Pro Kabaddi League players]]
[[Category:Medalists at the 2022 Asian Games]]

{{India-kabaddi-bio-stub}}

Kanhai

2025-10-23T00:24:17Z

EloyNoble34: small changes

{{Other uses}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2017}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Kanhai
| other_name =
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| nicknames = Kanhaiya, Kanhei
| pushpin_map = India Haryana#India
| pushpin_label_position = left
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Haryana, India
| coordinates = {{coord|28.447|77.074|display=title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of regions of India|Region]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Haryana]]
| subdivision_name2 = North India
| subdivision_name3 = Gurgaon
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_total_km2 =
| area_rank =
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| elevation_m =
| population_total =
| population_as_of =
| population_footnotes =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_rank =
| population_demonym =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 122003
| registration_plate =[[List of RTO districts in India#HR.E2.80.94Haryana|HR]]-26,72
| website = {{URL|haryana.gov.in}}
| iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:IN|IN-HR]]
| footnotes =
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]]
}}

'''Kanhai''' is a midsize village near Sushant Lok. It lies in [[Gurgaon]] mandal of [[Gurgaon District]] in the state of [[Haryana]]. It lies near Ardee city, sector 45, sector 44 and Sushant lok. Shri Mati Saroj Yadav is the village head (sarpanch). It has a population of about 12 thousand persons living in around 1140 households.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url=http://epaper.jagran.com/epaper/31-jul-2014-244-Gurgaon-Page-1.html |title=दैनिक जागरण | language=hi | trans-title=Dainik Jagran |access-date=31 July 2014 |archive-date=2014-08-05 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20140805235307/http://epaper.jagran.com/epaper/31-jul-2014-244-Gurgaon-Page-1.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==History==
The village is as old as [[Mahabharat]] times. [[Guru Draonacharya]] used to give teaching in this village. [[Krishna]] also stayed in Kanhai for some time. It got its name from Krishna as "Kanhaiya", later corrupted to Kanhai.<ref name=":0" />

Kanhai serves as a residential hub for servants and students who work in nearby different companies.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://ngopost.org/story/aid-delhi-chapter-shiksharth |title=AID Delhi Chapter - Shiksharth | NGOPost |access-date=14 April 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110817214035/http://ngopost.org/story/aid-delhi-chapter-shiksharth |archive-date=17 August 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Kanhai also has the biggest church of Gurgaon called the Church of Immaculate Conception, and also has the head office of the electricity company of DHBVN.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://dhbvn.com/ |title=Home Page of Dakshin Haryana Bijli Vitran Nigam |access-date=20 August 2013 |archive-date=13 August 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130813184422/http://www.dhbvn.com/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Gurgaon district topics}}

[[Category:Villages in Gurgaon district]]

Trikam Chhanga

2025-10-21T02:22:39Z

EloyNoble34:

{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2024}}
{{Short description|Indian politician}}

'''Chhanga Trikam Bijal''' is an Indian politician. He is a Member of the [[Gujarat Legislative Assembly]] from the [[Anjar Assembly constituency]] since 8 December 2022. He is a Member of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Anjar, Gujarat Assembly Election 2022 – Get Anjar constituency news updates and complete details |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/elections/gujarat-assembly-election/anjar-4 |access-date=2022-12-10 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web | title=Anjar Election Result 2022LIVE: BJP के CHHANGA TRIKAM BIJAL की हुई जीत, BSP के रहें दूसरे नंबर पर |url=https://www.abplive.com/elections/anjar-election-result-2022-live-updates-constituency-vote-counting-result-winner-loser-tally-bjp-congress-aap-gujarat-assembly-election-result-news-2276699 |access-date=2022-12-10 |website=ABP News |date=8 December 2022 |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Singh |first=Shivangani |date=2022-12-08 |title=Anjar Election Result 2022 Live Updates: BJP Wins in This Gujarat Seat |url=https://www.thequint.com/news/india/anjar-election-result-2022-live-news-updates-bjp-aap-congress-gujarat-counting-of-votes-today |access-date=2022-12-10 |website=TheQuint |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-12-08 |title=Anjar Election Result 2022 LIVE Updates: Chhanga Trikam Bijal of BJP Wins |url=https://www.news18.com/news/elections/anjar-election-result-2022-live-updates-winner-loser-leading-trailing-mla-margin-6562195.html |access-date=2022-12-10 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref> On 17th October 2025, he was inducted in Gujarat Ministry<ref name="Who are the 19 new ministers in Gujarat cabinet? Know here2">{{cite news |date=21 October 2025 |title=Who are the 19 new ministers in Gujarat cabinet? Know here |url=https://english.gujaratsamachar.com/news/gujarat/who-are-the-19-new-ministers-in-gujarat-cabinet-know-here |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20251021020536/https://english.gujaratsamachar.com/news/gujarat/who-are-the-19-new-ministers-in-gujarat-cabinet-know-here |archivedate=21 October 2025 |accessdate=21 October 2025 |work=english..com |publisher=Gujarat Samachar |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Gujarat Cabinet reshuffle: 3 women ministers, but none given Cabinet rank">{{cite news |date=17 October 2025 |title=Gujarat Cabinet reshuffle: 3 women ministers, but none given Cabinet rank |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/ahmedabad/gujarat-cabinet-reshuffle-3-women-ministers-but-none-given-cabinet-rank-10313006/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251021021332/https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/ahmedabad/gujarat-cabinet-reshuffle-3-women-ministers-but-none-given-cabinet-rank-10313006/ |archive-date=21 October 2025 |access-date=21 October 2025 |publisher=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bijal, Chhanga Trikam}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from Kutch district]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Gujarat]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

Portuguese Cemetery, Kollam

2025-10-11T20:03:57Z

EloyNoble34: New a stub.

{{Short description|Cemetery in Tangasseri, Kollam, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2019}}
{{Infobox cemetery
| name = Portuguese Cemetery Dutch Cemetery
| image =
| imagesize =
| caption =
| established = {{start date and age|1519}}
| country = [[India]]
| location = [[Tangasseri]], [[Kollam]] city
| coordinates = {{coord|8.881937|76.567309|display=it}}
| type = [[Portuguese people|Portuguese]]
| style = [[Portuguese colonial architecture]]
| owner =
| size =
| graves = Unknown
| interments =
| website =
| findagraveid =
| political =
}}
The '''Portuguese Cemetery''' (after the invasion of [[Dutch people|Dutch]], it became ''Dutch Cemetery'') of [[Tangasseri]] in [[Kollam]] city, [[India]], was constructed around 1519 as part of the [[Portuguese people|Portuguese]] invasion of the city. [[Buckingham Canal, Kollam|Buckingham Canal]], a small canal between [[Tangasseri Lighthouse]] and the cemetery, is situated very close to the Portuguese Cemetery.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.oocities.org/athens/Acropolis/9669/tangy.htm |title=Tangasseri |publisher=OOCITIES |access-date=9 January 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.asithrissurcircle.in/Monuments.html |title=Archaeological site and remains |publisher=Archaeological Survey of India – Thrissur Circle |access-date=9 January 2014}}</ref> A group of pirates known as the Pirates of Tangasseri formerly lived at the Cemetery.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://rotarytangasseri.org/history.html |title=A brief history of Tangasseri |publisher=Rotary Club of Tangasseri |access-date=9 January 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131122170529/http://rotarytangasseri.org/history.html |archive-date=22 November 2013 }}</ref> The remnants of [[St Thomas Fort, Tangasseri|St. Thomas Fort]] and Portuguese Cemetery still exist at Tangasseri.

==Overview==
The City of [[Kollam]] is one of the oldest [[Portuguese people|Portuguese]]–[[Dutch people|Dutch]]–[[English people|English]] settlements in [[India]]. [[Tangasseri]] was their centre of activity. Popularly known as Tangy, Tanganeri was an erstwhile trading outpost of the [[Portuguese people|Portuguese]], other [[Ethnic groups in Europe|Europeans]], [[Arabs]], [[Chinese people|Chinese]] and [[Jews]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.superbindiatours.com/Kerala/kollam.html |title=Superb India Tours – Kollam |publisher=Superb India Tours |access-date=9 January 2014}}</ref>

The site is a centrally protected monument under the control of Archaeological Survey of India since 1920. There is some unconfirmed news that the authorities are not protecting these remnants well and some apartment constructions have already started there at this heritage site.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.colonialvoyage.com/asia-dutch-colonial-remains-16th-18th-centuries/# |title=Colonial Voyage – Tangasseri |publisher=Mathrubhumi |access-date=9 January 2014}}</ref>

==Location==
The cemetery is very close to the ancient settlement at Tangasseri and the lighthouse. [[Kollam Port]] is very close to this heritage site. The city center is about 3 km away.

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Cemeteries in India|state=expanded}}
{{Kollam |state=collapsed}}

[[Category:Cemeteries in India]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Kollam]]
[[Category:1510s establishments in India]]

Bhaktāmara Stotra

2025-10-07T18:57:50Z

EloyNoble34: Started A Details...

{{Short description|Jain Sanskrit prayer}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2016}}
{{Italic title}}
{{Infobox religious text
| image = Lustration of a Jina Rishabhanatha (Adinatha), Folio from a Bhaktamara Stotra (Hymn of the Immortal Devotee) LACMA AC1992.170.2 (1 of 6).jpg
| alt =
| caption = Illustration of Rishabhanatha in a manuscript of ''Bhaktāmara Stotra''
| religion = [[Jainism]]
| author = Acharya [[Manatunga]]
| language = [[Sanskrit]]
| period = 7th century CE
| verses = 48 (originally 52) Verses as per the Digambara Sect and 44 Verses (Originally as per ancient scriptures) as per the Shwetambara Sect
}}
{{Jainism}}
The '''''Bhaktāmara Stotra''''' ({{langx|sa|भक्तामरस्तोत्र|translit=bhaktāmara-stotra|lit=Hymn of an immortal devotee}}) is a [[Jain]] religious hymn (''[[stotra]]'') written in [[Sanskrit]]. It was authored by [[Manatunga]] (7th century CE).{{sfn|Jain|2012|p=xi}} The [[Digambara]]s believe it has 48 verses while [[Śvetāmbara]]s believe it consists of 44 verses.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Rājayaśasūrīśvara |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=74fXAAAAMAAJ&q=%22Manatunga+Suri%22+-wikipedia |title=Bhaktamara Darshan |date=1996 |publisher=Śrī Jaina Dharma Phaṇḍa Pheḍhī |language=gu}}</ref>

The hymn praises [[Rishabhanatha]], the first [[Tirthankara]] of [[Jainism]] in this time cycle.

==Authorship==
''Bhaktāmara Stotra'' was composed by Manatunga in 6th century CE.{{sfn|Orsini|Schofield|1981|p=88}} [[Shwetambar]] legends associate Manatunga with a ruler named [[Mihira Bhoja]]. However, Manatunga probably lived a few centuries before Bhoja. He is identified by some scholars as Kshapanaka, one of the [[Navaratna]]s in the court of legendary [[Vikramaditya]]. An unidentified Sanskrit poet Matanga, composer of ''Brahaddeśī'' on music theory, may also have been the same person.

''Bhaktāmara Stotra'' was composed sometime in the [[Gupta Empire|Gupta]] or the post-Gupta period, making Manatunga approximately contemporary with other navaratnas like [[Kalidasa]] and [[Varahamihira]]. Several spots near [[Bhopal]] and Dhar are traditionally associated with Manatunga.{{Cn|date=March 2024}}

There are several legends presented by different [[Śvetāmbara]] monks. The most popular is the one depicted in ''[[Prabandha-Chintamani|Prabandha Cintamani]]'' written by ''[[Merutunga|Acharya Merutungasuri]]'' in 1305 AD. According to the legend, two scholars ''Bana Pandit'' and ''Mayura Pandit'' were members of king Bhoja's court. It is said that they made supra-human things possible by their ''mantric powers''. To illustrate the statement, two examples are provided. Mayura Pandit worshipped the Sun God with a hymn he composed known as ''Surya Sataka.'' He got cured of leprosy that he was suffering from as a result of his sister's curse. He was blessed by Sun God when he composed the 6th verse. Envying him, Bana Pandit got his hands and legs chopped off and took it as a challenge to make Goddess Chandi bless him in 6 letters. He then composed ''Candi Sataka'' and his limbs regrew before he even recited the 6th letter. The king was pleased by both of them. Thereafter, the courtiers told the king that [[Śvetāmbara|Śvetāmbara Jain Acharyas]] did not possess such ''mantric powers'' and that they must be banished from the kingdom. At that time, Acharya Manatungsuri was preaching [[Jainism]] in the region. He was called to the king's court and was challenged to prove the greatness of [[Tirthankara]]s or leave the kingdom otherwise. Acharya Manatungsuri replied "our Lord, free from love and hatred as He is, does not perform miracles. However, his attendant demigods do." Thereafter, Manatungsuri got himself fettered in 44 chains and stood behind a [[Jain temple|''jinaalay (Jain Temple)'']] facing its rear side. He then composed the ''Bhaktamara Stotra'' and with every verse he composed, one fetter got cut off. By the time he completed all 44 verses, the temple turned around to face Acharya Manatungsuri. He stood face to face with the temple, with all the fetters cut off. This extraordinary spectacle established the ''mantric powers'' [[Śvetāmbara]] monks possessed. This account has been described in great detail in ''[[Merutunga|Acharya Merutungasuri's]]'' ''[[Prabandha-Chintamani|Prabandh Cintamani]].'' <ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yJXpAAAAMAAJ&q=%22Manatunga+Suri%22+-wikipedia |title=Divine Mystical Jain Yantra Mantra Stotra |date=2004 |publisher=Harshadray Heritage |language=sa}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Book Detail – Jain eLibrary |url=https://jainqq.org/booktext/Mantungacharya_aur_unke_Stotra_Romanized/002107 |access-date=2024-04-09 |language=en-US}}</ref>

The hymn is recognised by both [[Digambara]] and [[Śvetāmbara]] sects of Jainism. The Digambaras recite 48 verses, while the Śvetāmbaras recite 44 verses. The latter believe 4 verses (verse 32, 33, 34, and 35 as in the 48-verse version) were added later and were called the interpolated verses.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Jackson |first=Abraham Valentine Williams |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uKwiAAAAMAAJ&dq=%22Manatunga+Suri%22+-wikipedia&pg=PA24 |title=Indo-Iranian Series |date=1917 |language=en}}</ref> It is known that they do not dismiss reciting them. However, Śvetāmbaras believe that [[Manatunga]]suri composed only 44 verses and the rest of them were interpolated later. Therefore, Śvetāmbaras include them in the appendix.<ref name=":0" />

The oldest surviving palm leaf manuscript (dated 1332 AD) that illustrates this stotra is found at the [[Patan, Gujarat|Patan Library]].<ref name=":0" /> It only consists of 44 verses as believed by the [[Śvetāmbara|Śvetāmbara Murtipujaks]]. Some scholars believe that it originally had 44 verses based on the fact that the [[Śvetāmbara]] sect always had more saints and scholars than their [[Digambara]] counterparts and that there is a greater probability of them having preserved the correct version.

==Structure==
[[File:18th-century manuscript Bhaktamara stotra, Sanskrit, Tantra in Jainism, devotional hymn with yantras, sample vii.jpg|thumb|Photo of Bhaktāmara Stotra manuscript- now owned and preserved by the British Library (Manuscript ID: Or 13741)]]

''Bhaktāmara Stotra'' has 44 stanzas (Śvetāmbara belief) or 48 stanzas (Digambara belief). Every stanza has four parts. Every part has 14 letters. The complete panegyric is formed by 2464 (Śvetāmbara belief) or 2688 (Digambara belief) letters.

The ''Bhaktāmara Stotra'' is composed in the meter ''vasantatilaka''. All the fourteen syllables of this meter are equally divided between short and long syllables i.e. seven laghu and seven gurus and this belongs to sakvari group of meters.<ref>Bhaktamar Stotra: The Song of Salvation, {{ISBN|9788190082396}}</ref>

''Bhaktāmara Stotra'' is recited as a ''[[stotra]]'' (prayer) or sung as a [[hymn]], somewhat interchangeably.

==Influence==
''Bhaktāmara Stotra'' has influenced other Jain prayers, such as the ''Kalyānamandira Stotra'', devoted to [[Parshvanatha|the twenty-third tirthankara]], and the ''Svayambhu Stotra'', devoted to all the twenty-four Tirthankaras. Additional verses here praise the omniscience of [[Adinatha]].<ref>The A to Z of Jainism, {{ISBN|0810868210}}</ref><ref>Svayambhu Stotra: Adoration of the Twenty-four Tirthankara, {{ISBN|8190363972}}</ref>

''Bhaktāmara Stotra'' is widely illustrated in paintings.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.indiangyan.com/mantra/ |title=Bhaktamar Mantras |access-date=19 March 2007 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20010124054000/http://www.indiangyan.com/mantra/ |archive-date=24 January 2001 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.greatindianarts.com/paintings.html |title=Sumant Shah series of paintings |work=Greatindianarts.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071009023942/http://www.greatindianarts.com/paintings.html |archive-date= 9 October 2007 }}</ref> A 1332 AD palm leaf manuscript of the stotra illustrating only the 44 verses (as believed by [[Śvetāmbara]]s) is well-preserved at the Patan library. It is considered to be the oldest surviving manuscript.<ref name=":0" />

At the [[Sanghiji]] temple at [[Sanganer]], there is a panel illustrating each verse. There is a temple at Bharuch with a section dedicated to the ''Bhaktāmara Stotra'' and its author Manatunga.<ref>[http://www.jainjagat.com/viewtemple.php/21 Shri Bharuch Teerth] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929041216/http://www.jainjagat.com/viewtemple.php/21|date=29 September 2007}}</ref>

Devotees believe that the verses of ''Bhaktāmara Stotra'' possess magical properties, and associate a mystical diagram (''[[yantra]]'') with each verse.

==Modern translations==
An English translation was published by Vijay K. Jain in 2023.{{sfn|Jain|2023}}

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

== Further reading ==
* {{citation |last=Dundas |first=Paul |author-link=Paul Dundas |title=The Jains |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=X8iAAgAAQBAJ |edition=Second |date=2002 |orig-year=1992 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |isbn=0-415-26605-X }}
* {{Citation |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4iyUu4Fc2-YC&pg=PR14|title=Acharya Amritchandra's Purushartha Siddhyupaya|isbn=9788190363945|last=Jain|first=Vijay K.|year=2012|publisher=Vikalp Printers}}
* {{Cite book|last=Jain|first=Vijay K.|title=Ācārya Mānatunga’s Bhaktāmara Stotra आचार्य मानतुंग विरचित भक्तामर स्तोत्र|publisher=Vikalp Printers|publication-place=Dehradun|date=2023|isbn=978-93-5906-111-5}}
* {{citation |editor-last=Orsini |editor-first=Francesca |editor-link=Francesca Orsini |editor-last2=Schofield |editor-first2=Katherine Butler |title=Tellings and Texts: Music, Literature and Performance in North India |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=P0SlCgAAQBAJ |publisher=[[Open Book Publishers]] |year=1981 |isbn=978-1-78374-105-2 }}

== External links ==

* [https://sites.google.com/view/sruta-sampad/ssindex/bhakt%C4%81mara-stotra?authuser=0#h.qe6emggajri4 Bhaktāmarastotra by Mānatuṅgasūri with English Translation by Prof. Hiralal Rasikdas Kapadia]
{{Jain Agamas}}
{{Jainism Topics}}

[[Category:Jain mantras]]
[[Category:Sanskrit Jain texts]]
[[Category:Stotras]]

Santokhgarh

2025-10-05T11:42:48Z

EloyNoble34: added a stub

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2017}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Santokhgarh
| native_name =
| native_name_lang = Punjabi
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Town
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Himachal Pradesh#India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Himachal Pradesh, India
| coordinates = {{coord|31.37|N|76.32|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Himachal Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Una district|Una]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder = King Santokh Singh
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 322
| population_total = 8308
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code = 174301
| registration_plate =
| website =
| footnotes =
}}
'''Santokhgarh''' is a town and a Municipal Council, [[nagar panchayat]] in [[Una district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Himachal Pradesh]].

==Geography==
Santokhgarh is located at {{coord|31.37|N|76.32|E|}}.<ref>[https://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/11/Santokhgarh.html Falling Rain Genomics, Inc - Santokhgarh]</ref> It has an average elevation of {{convert|322|m|ft}}.

==People==
The population is mainly a mix of Hindus and Sikhs, along with a small number of Muslims.

==Demographics==
{{As of|2011}} India [[census]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archivedate=2004-06-16|title= Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)|accessdate=2008-11-01|publisher= Census Commission of India}}</ref> Santokhgarh had a population of 8,308. Males constituted 51% of the population and females 49%. Santokhgarh has an average literacy rate of 68%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 74%, and female literacy is 62%. In Santokhgarh, 13% of the population is under six years of age.

==Temples==
{{unreferenced section|date=November 2017}}
Santokhgarh has a number of temples, including Gurudwara Shaheeda Singhaa'n, Gurudwara Singh Sabha, Shri Baba Nanga Temple, temple of Vishvakarma, Shri Guru Ravidass Mandir, Gita Bhawan Mandir, Khawaja Mandir, Shani Dev Mandir, Hanuman Mandir, and Shiv Mandir.

==References==
<references/>

[[Category:Cities and towns in Una district]]

Ram Singh Netaji

2025-09-04T19:09:41Z

EloyNoble34: Improved wording and formatting

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2021}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific-prefix =
| name = Ram Singh Netaji
| honorific-suffix =
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| constituency = [[Badarpur, Delhi Assembly constituency|Badarpur]]
| office = Member of the [[Delhi Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start = 8 February 2025
| term_end =
| predecessor = [[Ramvir Singh Bidhuri]]
| successor =
| term_start2 = Oct 2008
| term_end2 = Nov 2013
| predecessor2 = [[Ramvir Singh Bidhuri]]
| successor2 = [[Ramvir Singh Bidhuri]]
| constituency3 = [[Badarpur, Delhi Assembly constituency|Badarpur]]
| term_start3 = Nov 1998
| term_end3 = Nov 2003
| predecessor3 = [[Ramvir Singh Bidhuri]]
| successor3 = [[Ramvir Singh Bidhuri]]
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1956|01|01}}
| birth_place = [[Delhi]]
| death_date =
| death_place =
| restingplace =
| restingplacecoordinates =
| birthname =
| parents = Choudhary Kundan Singh (father)
| citizenship = {{flag|India}}
| nationality = {{flag|India}}
| party = [[Aam Aadmi Party]]
| otherparty = [[Indian National Congress|INC]], [[Bahujan Samaj Party|BSP]]
| spouse = Mrs. Bhagyawati Devi
| partner = 
| relations =
| children = 3 sons & 1 daughter
| residence = [[New Delhi]]
| alma_mater =
| occupation =
| profession = [[Agriculturist]] & [[Politician]]
| cabinet =
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| military_data5 =
}}
''' Ram Singh Netaji ''' (born 1956) is an Indian politician and was member of the [[Second Legislative Assembly of Delhi|2nd]] and the [[Fourth Legislative Assembly of Delhi|Fourth Legislative Assemblies of Delhi]]. Currently, he is a member of the [[Aam Aadmi Party]].<ref name=" Member profile ">{{cite news|title= Member profile |publisher=[[Government of Delhi]] official website|accessdate=9 January 2017|url=http://delhiassembly.nic.in/aspfile/whos_who/ram_singh.htm}}</ref><ref name=" Member list ">{{cite news|title= Member list|publisher=[[Government of Delhi]] official website|accessdate=9 January 2017|url=http://delhiassembly.nic.in/MemberSearch.htm}}</ref>

==Early life and education==
Ram Singh Netaji was born in [[Badarpur, Delhi|Badarpur]] village of [[New Delhi]]. He is educated till 7th grade and is an [[agriculturist]] by profession. He is from the [[Gurjar]] community.<ref name=" Member profile"/><ref name=" Member details ">{{cite news|title= Member details|publisher=myneta.info|accessdate=9 January 2017|url=http://myneta.info/dl2008/candidate.php?candidate_id=107}}</ref>

==Political career==
Ram Singh Netaji won from Badarpur Assembly constituency representing the Aam Aadmi Party in the 2025 Delhi Legislative Assembly election. He polled 112,991 votes and defeated his nearest rival ND Sharma of the Bhartiya Janta Party, by 25,888 votes.<ref name="Delhi Assembly Elections Results 2025 - Badarpur">{{cite news |title=Delhi Assembly Elections Results 2025 - Badarpur |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenFeb2025/candidateswise-U0553.htm |access-date=20 March 2025 |work= |publisher=Election Commission of India |date=8 February 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250320144901/https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenFeb2025/candidateswise-U0553.htm |archive-date=20 March 2025 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Badarpur Constituency Election Results 2025">{{cite news |title=Badarpur Constituency Election Results 2025 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/delhi/constituency-show/badarpur |access-date=20 March 2025 |publisher=The Times of India |date=8 February 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250320145112/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/delhi/constituency-show/badarpur |archive-date=20 March 2025 |language=en}}</ref>

Previously Ram Singh Netaji was [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]] for two terms from [[Badarpur, Delhi Assembly constituency|Badarpur (Assembly constituency)]]. During the [[Second Legislative Assembly of Delhi]] in 1998 he contested as an [[Independent politician|Independent candidate]] whereas during the [[Fourth Legislative Assembly of Delhi]] he contested on the [[Bahujan Samaj Party]] ticket. He is currently a member of the [[Aam Aadmi Party]].<ref name=" Member profile"/><ref name=" Election Results ">{{cite news|title= Election Results|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] website|accessdate=9 January 2017|url= http://eci.nic.in/eci_main1/ElectionStatistics.aspx}}</ref> He joined [[Aam Aadmi Party]] in presence of National Convener and current Chief Minister of Delhi [[Arvind Kejriwal]] and other senior party leaders [[Manish Sisodia]] and [[Sanjay Singh (Aam Aadmi Party)|Sanjay Singh]] on 13 January 2020.<ref name="Former Congress MLA Ram Singh Netaji, three others join AAP weeks before Delhi elections">{{cite news |last1= |first1= |title=Former Congress MLA Ram Singh Netaji, three others join AAP weeks before Delhi elections |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/delhi/2020/Jan/13/former-congress-mla-ram-singh-netaji-three-others-join-aap-weeks-before-delhi-elections-2089039.html |access-date=20 March 2025 |publisher=The New Indian Express |date=13 January 2020 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Two-time MLA Ram Singh Netaji, son of Mahabal Mishra join AAP">{{cite news |last1= |first1= |title=Two-time MLA Ram Singh Netaji, son of Mahabal Mishra join AAP |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Delhi/two-time-mla-ram-singh-netaji-son-of-mahabal-mishra-join-aap/article30562700.ece |access-date=20 March 2025 |publisher=The Hindu |date=13 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250320145902/https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Delhi/two-time-mla-ram-singh-netaji-son-of-mahabal-mishra-join-aap/article30562700.ece |archive-date=20 March 2025 |language=en-IN}}</ref>

==Posts held==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! # !! From !! To !! Position !! Comments
|-
| 01 || 1998 || 2003 || Member, [[Second Legislative Assembly of Delhi]] ||
|-
|-
| 02 || 2008 || 2013 || Member, [[Fourth Legislative Assembly of Delhi]]||
|-
|-
| 03 || 2025 || 2030 || Member, [[8th Delhi Assembly]]||
|-
|-
|}

==See also==
{{Portal|India|Politics}}
*[[Second Legislative Assembly of Delhi]]
*[[Fourth Legislative Assembly of Delhi]]
*[[Delhi Legislative Assembly]]
*[[Government of India]]
*[[Politics of India]]
*[[Bahujan Samaj Party]]
*[[Indian National Congress]]
*[[Aam Aadmi Party]]

== References ==
{{Reflist|colwidth=40em}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Netaji, Ram Singh}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1956 births]]
[[Category:Politicians from New Delhi]]
[[Category:Bahujan Samaj Party politicians from Delhi]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Delhi]]
[[Category:Aam Aadmi Party politicians from Delhi]]
[[Category:Aam Aadmi Party candidates in the 2020 Delhi Legislative Assembly election]]
[[Category:Delhi MLAs 2008–2013]]
[[Category:Delhi MLAs 1998–2003]]
[[Category:Delhi MLAs 2025–2030]]

Sombala Kumar

2025-08-26T13:15:54Z

EloyNoble34: added a biography

[[File:Sombala Kumar at Jaipur Literature Festival 2023.jpg|thumb | 220x124px | right | Sombala Kumar at Jaipur Literature Festival 2023]]
{{Short description|Indian Dhrupad Singer}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{notability|bio|date=January 2018}}
{{mfn|date=August 2025}}
}}
'''Sombala Kumar''' is a [[Dhrupad]] vocalist of India. She studied with [[Zia Fariduddin Dagar|Ustad Zia Fariduddin Dagar]], a singer of the 19th generation of the dynasty of Dagar Gharana. She also studied with [[Zia Mohiuddin Dagar|Ustad Zia Mohiuddin Dagar]].

== Career ==
Kumar first studied from Shri. M.D. Raje and Shri. M.K. Kwathekar of Khandwa. Sombala Kumar holds a master's degree in Classical Music from Dr. Hari Singh Gaur University, Sagar ([[Madhya Pradesh|M.P.]]), which she topped upon graduation. Thereafter, she got a scholarship for four years from Ustad Allaudin Khan Sangeet Academy, Bhopal to learn Dhrupad. Thereupon she took her ''taleem '' in Dhrupad singing from Ustaad Zia Fariduddin Dagar and Ustaad Zia Mohiuddin Dagar. She worked in musicals for theatre in the early stages for her career. In the musical ''Kabira Khada Bazaar Mein'' she was noticed and commended by several eminent artists for taking ''gamak'', a very difficult vocal instrument, in the absence of a pakhawaj. She was recognised by [[SPIC MACAY]] and [[All India Radio]] as a top grade artist. She was also the first woman Dhrupad artist to perform in Bhopal. Sombala Kumar has been a visiting fellow and visiting professor of Voice Culture and Dhrupad at [[Indira Kala Sangeet Vishwavidyalaya|Indira Kala Sangeet University, Khairagarh]], which she left on 31 July 2023. Sombala Kumar now runs a [[Gurukula]] in [[Pune]].

==Personal life==
Sombala Kumar is married to Pakhawaj maestro and top grade artist (certified by All India Radio and SPIC MACAY) Prithviraj Kumar. They have one daughter, Ananya Jha, who is a lawyer.

== Awards and accolades ==
In 2017, Sombala Kumar rejected her nomination for the Padma Shri. 
{{Quote box
| quote = <big>'They [Government of Chhattisgarh] told me that they were nominating me for Padma Shri. No! Who are the people who hand out these awards? Do they know music? Can they sing? How can I accept appreciation from people who have no idea about my field?
- Sombala Kumar'</big>
}}

==References==
{{reflist}}
*https://www.proquest.com/docview/1367661849/85D82B2B5B684880PQ/2

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kumar, Sombala}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Hindustani singers]]
[[Category:Dagarvani]]
[[Category:Women Hindustani musicians]]
[[Category:Indian women classical singers]]
[[Category:Singers from Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Women musicians from Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

Kanamala Bridge

2025-06-15T09:15:04Z

EloyNoble34: made entry

{{Short description|Bridge connecting Kottayam and Pathanamthitta districts}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2025}}{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Infobox bridge
| name = Kanamala Bridge
| native_name = കണമല പാലം
| native_name_lang = ml
| image = Kanamala pathanamthitta bridge.jpg
| caption = Kanamala bridge
| carries = Motor vehicles, pedestrians
| crosses = [[Pamba River|Pamba]]
| location = [[Kanamala]], [[Kerala]]
| also_known_as = Pambavalley Bridge
| material = Concrete
| length = {{cvt|170|m|ft}}
| width = {{cvt|11.23|m|ft}}
| lanes = 2
| open = {{date|23-12-2014}}
| mapframe = yes
| qid = Q48727388
}}
'''Kanamala Bridge''' is a [[concrete bridge]] in [[Kanamala]], [[Kerala]] that connects [[Kottayam]] and [[Pathanamthitta]] districts through [[Pamba River]]. The bridge was opened for public on 23 December 2014.<ref>{{cite news|title=Chandy to open Kanamala bridge on Dec. 23|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/chandy-to-open-kanamala-bridge-on-dec-23/article6671820.ece|work=[[The Hindu]]|accessdate=20 October 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=PWD inspection finds Kanamala bridge safe|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-kerala/pwd-inspection-finds-kanamala-bridge-safe/article19168410.ece|work=The Hindu|accessdate=20 October 2017}}</ref>

The bridge has a length of 170 m (560 ft) and width of 11.23 m (36.8 ft).<ref>{{cite news|title=After two years, cracks appeared on Kanamala bridge|url=http://english.mathrubhumi.com/mobile/news/kerala/after-two-years-cracks-appeared-on-kanamala-bridge-1.2042164|work=[[Mathrubhumi]]|accessdate=20 October 2017}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{coord|9.4207|76.9358|type:landmark_region:IN|display=title}}

[[Category:Bridges in Kerala]]

{{Kerala-stub}}

Cnemaspis avasabinae

2025-06-09T07:06:21Z

EloyNoble34: New a data

{{italic title}}
{{short description|Species of gecko found in India}}
{{Speciesbox
| image =
| taxon = Cnemaspis avasabinae
| authority = Agarwal, [[Aaron Matthew Bauer|Bauer]] & Khandekar, 2020
| range_map = {{Location map | India
| relief = yes
| caption =
| alt = Velikonda Range in India
| lat_deg = 14.318
| lon_deg = 79.431
}}
| range_map_caption = ''Cnemaspis avasabinae'' is only known from the Velikonda Range of the Eastern Ghats, India
}}

'''''Cnemaspis avasabinae''''', or '''Sabin's Nellore dwarf gecko''', is a species of [[gecko]] endemic to [[India]]. It is found in the [[Eastern Ghats]].

==Description==
The species is distinct from all other ''[[Cnemaspis]]'' species in its small size of {{cvt|29|mm|in}} from [[snout–vent length|snout to vent]]. It is coloured grey-pink on the dorsal (back) side and has six pairs of dark brown patches running down its back. Notably, the males of this species lack [[Femoral pore|femoral pores]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last1=Agarwal|first1=Ishan|last2=Bauer|first2=Aaron M|last3=Khandekar|first3=Akshay |name-list-style=amp |date=2020-06-24|title=A new species of South Asian ''Cnemaspis'' (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from the Eastern Ghats, India|url=https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.4802.3.3|journal=Zootaxa|volume=4802|issue=3|pages=449–462|doi=10.11646/zootaxa.4802.3.3|pmid=33056043 |access-date=2020-11-29|archive-date=2020-12-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201209201133/https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.4802.3.3|url-status=live|url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Garai|first=Shuvabrata|date=2020-11-28|title=New species of gecko found in the Eastern Ghats|language=en-IN |work=[[The Hindu]]|url=https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/science/new-species-of-gecko-found-in-the-eastern-ghats/article33201561.ece|access-date=2020-11-29 |archive-date=2020-11-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201128235227/https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/science/new-species-of-gecko-found-in-the-eastern-ghats/article33201561.ece|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{NRDB species |genus=Cnemaspis |species=avasabinae |access-date=2020-11-29 }}</ref>

==Habitat==
The gecko is currently known from only one locality in [[Andhra Pradesh]]'s [[Nellore district]], in the [[Velikonda Range]] of the Eastern Ghats. The locality is near a [[stream]] in a dry [[evergreen forest]] at an elevation of 200 m above [[sea level]].<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web|last1=Raman|first1=Spoorthy|last2=Kale|first2=Anushka|date=2020-11-18|title=What does it take to discover geckos?|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/science-and-environment/what-does-it-take-to-discover-geckos-917238.html|url-status=live|access-date=2020-12-23|website=Deccan Herald|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201119201251/https://www.deccanherald.com/science-and-environment/what-does-it-take-to-discover-geckos-917238.html |archive-date=2020-11-19 }}</ref>

==Habit==
The gecko is rock-dwelling, and is active at and just after [[dusk]].<ref name=":1" />

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q99703198}}

[[Category:Cnemaspis|avasabinae]]
[[Category:Reptiles of India]]
[[Category:Endemic fauna of India]]
[[Category:Reptiles described in 2020]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Ishan Agarwal]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Aaron M. Bauer]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Akshay Khandekar]]

Jamia Naeemia Moradabad

2025-05-27T17:26:20Z

EloyNoble34: made details

{{Short description|Islamic seminary in India}}
{{Distinguish|Jamia Naeemia}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2022}}
{{Infobox university
| name = Jamia Naeemia Moradabad
| native_name = JNM
| image_name =
| image_size =
| image_alt =
| caption =
| latin_name =
| motto =
| mottoeng =
| established = 1925
| closed =
| founder = [[Naeem-ud-Deen Muradabadi]]
| type = [[Islamic university]]
| affiliation = [[Barelvi movement]]
| endowment =
| officer_in_charge =
| chairman =
| chancellor = |
| vice-president =
| superintendent =
| provost =
| rector =
| principal = Mufti Ayub Khan Naeemi Bhagalpuri
| dean =
| director =
| head_label =
| head =
| faculty =
| staff =
| students = 1000+ (Approximately)
| undergrad =
| postgrad =
| doctoral =
| other =
| city = [[Moradabad]]
| state = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| province =
| country = [[India]]
| coor =
| campus =
| former_names =
| free_label =
| free =
| sports =
| colors =
| colours =
| nickname =
| mascot =
| athletics =
| affiliations =
| website = {{URL|https://jamianaimia.com}}
| logo =
| footnotes =
}}
'''Jamia Naeemia Moradabad''' ({{langx|ur|{{Nastaliq|جامعہ نعیمیہ مراد آباد}}}}, {{langx|hi|जामिया नईमिया मुरादाबाद}}) is an [[Islamic seminary]] in India. It is located in [[Moradabad]] in the northern state of [[Uttar Pradesh]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://jamianaimia.com/|title=JAMIA NAIMIA|website=jamianaimia.com|access-date=26 May 2020|archive-date=13 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180813213605/http://jamianaimia.com/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Riaz2008">{{cite book|author=Ali Riaz|title=Faithful Education: Madrassahs in South Asia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kUIEAQAAQBAJ|date=3 September 2008|publisher=Rutgers University Press|isbn=978-0-8135-4562-2}}</ref> The seminary is a major center of the Barelvi movement in India and has been the target of violence by the rival Deobandi movement.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Jackson |first=William |date=2013-08-01 |title=A Subcontinent's Sunni Schism: The Deobandi-Barelvi Rivalry and the Creation of Modern South Asia |url=https://surface.syr.edu/hst_etd/102 |journal=History - Dissertations}}</ref>

==History==
It started off as a [[madrasa]] in the town of [[Moradabad]]. It was named 'Naeemia' after the name of [[Naeem-ud-Deen Muradabadi]], a Sunni Islamic scholar. It has produced several leading ulemas of Sunni Sufi movement.<ref>{{cite book |last=Sanyal |first=Usha |author-link=Usha Sanyal |editor-first=Malik |editor-last=Jamal |title=Madrasas in South Asia: Teaching terror? |year=2008 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |pages=23–44 |chapter=Ahl-i Sunnat Madrasas: the Madrasa Manzar-i Islam, Bareilly, and Jamia Ashrafiyya, Mubarakpur |isbn=9780415442473 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0lo_Whlz-sYC&pg=PA23 |ref=Sanyal08}}</ref>

In 1925 (1343H), an [[All India Sunni Conference]]’s first summit was organised at Jamia Naeemia Moradabad, whose aims included the unification of "the Sunni majority" under a single political, economic, and socio-religious platform. It was attended by the more than two hundred and fifty religious scholars.<ref>Jackson, William Kesler (2013), page 191</ref> Sajjada-nashin of Dargah Syed [[Ashraf Jahangir Semnani]], [[Syed Mohammad Izhar Ashraf]] taught at Jamia Naeemia Moradabad <ref>{{Cite web |last=TwoCircles.net |date=2012-02-27 |title=Obituary: Hazrat Syed Mohd. Izhar Ashraf (1934-2012) |url=https://twocircles.net/2012feb27/obituary_hazrat_syed_mohd_izhar_ashraf_19342012.html |access-date=2023-10-28 |website=TwoCircles.net |language=en-US}}</ref>

==Courses==
*[[Dars e Nizami]]
*Alim
*Fazil

==Fatwas==
The Darul Ifta Jamia Naeemia Moradabad issued a fatwa against [[Samajwadi Party]] leader [[Azam Khan (politician)|Azam Khan]] for allegedly forcefully snatching land of cemetery grounds and other properties from the poor.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.prabhatkhabar.com/video/news/990771|title=आजम खान के खिलाफ जारी हुआ फतवा, जानिए क्या है मामला?|website=Prabhat Khabar - Hindi News|date=18 May 2017 }}</ref>

==Notable alumni==
*[[Syed Muzaffar Hussain (Lok Sabha member)|Syed Muzaffar Hussain Kichhauchhavi]], poet, politician and farmer

==See also==
*[[Jamia Nizamia]]
*[[Jamiatur Raza]]
*[[Al-Jame-atul-Islamia]]
*[[Manzar-e-Islam]]

==Notes==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/14358/10/10_chapter%205.pdf Jamia Naeemia]

{{coord missing|Uttar Pradesh}}
{{Ahmed Raza Khan Barelvi}}

[[Category:Islamic universities and colleges in India]]
[[Category:Madrasas in India]]
[[Category:Barelvi Islamic universities and colleges]]
[[Category:Education in Moradabad]]
[[Category:Jamia Naeemia Moradabad]]

Ratna Ghosh Kar

2025-05-26T11:24:36Z

EloyNoble34: New article.

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2025}}

'''Ratna Ghosh Kar''' (born 1965)<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Ratna Ghosh (kar)(All India Trinamool Congress(AITC)):Constituency- CHAKDAH(NADIA) - Affidavit Information of Candidate: |url=https://www.myneta.info/westbengal2016/candidate.php?candidate_id=1040 |access-date=2025-05-11 |website=www.myneta.info}}</ref> is an Indian politician from [[West Bengal]]. She is a former member of the [[West Bengal Legislative Assembly]] from [[Chakdaha Assembly constituency]] in [[Nadia district]]. She was elected in the [[2016 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]] representing the [[All India Trinamool Congress]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 May 2021 |title=West Bengal Election: Chakdaha Assembly Constituency 2022 |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/elections/west-bengal-assembly-election/chakdaha-1367012756 |access-date=11 May 2025 |website=Hindustan Times}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Ghosh is from [[Haringhata]], Ndia district, West Bengal. She married Kishori Mohan Kar. He is a businessman, who runs a medical shop. She completed her MA in Bengali at [[Burdwan University]] in 1992.<ref name=":0" />

== Career ==
Ghosh was first elected as an MLA from Chakdaha Assembly constituency representing the All India Trinamool Congress in the 2016 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Chakdaha Election Result 2021 Live Updates: Bankim Chandra Ghosh of BJP wins |url=https://www.news18.com/news/politics/chakdaha-election-result-2021-live-updates-chakdaha-winner-loser-leading-trailing-mla-margin-3694841.html |access-date=2025-05-11 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref> She polled 94,241 votes and defeated her nearest rival, Biswanath Gupta of the [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]], by a margin of 23,653 votes.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-03-21 |title=West Bengal Assembly election 2021, Chakdaha profile: TMC’s Kar Ratna Ghosh won in 2016 by over 23,000 votes |url=https://www.firstpost.com/politics/west-bengal-assembly-election-2021-chakdaha-profile-tmcs-kar-ratna-ghosh-won-in-2016-by-over-23000-votes-9410111.html |access-date=2025-05-11 |website=Firstpost |language=en-us}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Live |first=A. B. P. |title=Chakdaha Election Results 2021 LIVE, Vote Counting, Leading, Trailing , Winners West bengal Chakdaha Constituency Election News LIVE |url=https://news.abplive.com/elections/west-bengal-election-results-2021/wb-chakdaha-constituency-91.html |access-date=2025-05-11 |website=news.abplive.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Chakdaha Assembly Constituency Election Result - Legislative Assembly Constituency |url=https://resultuniversity.com/election/chakdaha-west-bengal-assembly-constituency |access-date=2025-05-11 |website=resultuniversity.com}}</ref>

In 2019, in a controversial statement, she allegedly asked the cadre to chase away the central forces. She allegedly requested the Mahila Morcha members to pick up brooms and chase away the jawans.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Chase central forces away, says TMC MLA |url=https://www.aninews.in/news/national/politics/chase-central-forces-away-says-tmc-mla20190417105236/ |access-date=2025-05-11 |website=ANI News |language=en}}</ref> She was a minister and her video went viral.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bharat |first=E. T. V. |date=2019-04-17 |title=TMC MLA urges workers to 'chase Central forces away' with brooms |url=https://www.etvbharat.com/english/state/west-bengal/tmc-mla-urges-workers-to-chase-central-forces-away-with-brooms-1/na20190417114247216 |access-date=2025-05-11 |website=ETV Bharat News |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Team |first=DNA Web |title=TMC MLA Ratna Ghosh Kaur urges workers to 'chase and attack' Central forces, BJP files complaint |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/india/photo-gallery-watch-mamata-s-mla-ratna-ghosh-kaur-urges-tmc-workers-to-chase-away-central-forces-2740335 |access-date=2025-05-11 |website=DNA India |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kar, Ratna Ghosh}}
[[Category:1965 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Trinamool Congress politicians from West Bengal]]
[[Category:Politicians from Nadia district]]
[[Category:West Bengal MLAs 2016–2021]]
[[Category:University of Burdwan alumni]]
[[Category:Women members of the West Bengal Legislative Assembly]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian women politicians]]

Bushra Ateeq

2025-03-12T05:18:08Z

EloyNoble34: New new stub

{{Short description|Indian scientist}}

'''Bushra Ateeq''' is a Professor and a Senior Fellow of the DBT/[[Wellcome Trust]] India Alliance in the Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering (BSBE), [[IIT Kanpur]] specializing in cancer biology and [[molecular oncology]]. She was awarded the [[Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology]] in [[Medical Sciences]] in the year 2020.<ref>{{cite web |title=Brief Profile of the Awardee |url=https://ssbprize.gov.in/content/Detail.aspx?AID=569 |website=Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology |publisher=CSIR Human Resource Development Group |access-date=8 October 2021}}</ref> Her research interest involves exploration of the genetic and epigenetic changes that initiate cancer and its progression. She is also focusing on understanding the molecular events that drive cancer and resistance towards chemotherapeutic drugs.<ref>{{cite web |title=Bushra Ateeq |url=https://www.iitk.ac.in/bsbe/bushra-ateeq |publisher=IIT Kanpur}}</ref>

Bushra Ateeq secured her MSc degree in 1997 and PhD degree in 2003 both from the [[Aligarh Muslim University]].

==Honours and recognitions==
*Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology in Medical Sciences (2020) by the [[Council of Scientific and Industrial Research]] (CSIR), Government of India.
*[[S. Ramachandran (scientist)|S. Ramachandran]] National Bioscience Award for Career Development (2020–21) by the [https://dbtindia.gov.in/ Department of Biotechnology (DBT)], Government of India.
*[https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/three-researchers-get-cdri-award-for-drug-discovery/articleshow/78395453.cms CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute Award] (2020) for excellence in Drug Research under the Life Sciences category by the CSIR [[Central Drug Research Institute]], Lucknow, India.
*Basanti Devi Amir Chand Prize in Biomedical Sciences (2019) by the [[Indian Council of Medical Research]] (ICMR), Government of India.
*[[C. N. R. Rao|CNR Rao]] Faculty Award for Excellence in Research conferred by [[IIT Kanpur]] (2019)
*Sayeeda Begum Women Scientist Prize (2019) for Excellence in Research conferred by [[Jamia Hamdard]], New Delhi.
*Outstanding Young Faculty PK Kelkar Research Award conferred by IIT Kanpur (2017)
*Finalist of the [[National Academy of Sciences, India|NASI]] SCOPUS Young Scientist Award (2014) in the Medicine category.
*[[Srinivasa Ramanujan|Ramanujan]] Fellowship from the [[Department of Science and Technology (India)|Department of Science and Technology]], India (Declined, 2013).
*Fast-Track Young Scientist Award from the [[Science and Engineering Research Board]] (SERB) 2013, Department of Science & Technology, Government of India.
*AACR Women in Cancer Research Scholar Award (2011) at the annual meeting of [[American Association for Cancer Research]], Orlando, FL.
*Young Investigator Award (2009) from Expedition Inspiration Fund for Breast Cancer Research, Ketchum, Idaho.
*Genentech Postdoctoral Award (2009-2011) from the [[Genentech]] Foundation, South San Francisco, CA.
*Research Award (2005-2006) by the [[Canadian Institutes of Health Research]] (CHIR) for the strategic training program in Skeletal Health Research.
*[[Asian Scientist 100]], ''[[Asian Scientist]]'', 2021

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{google scholar id|72n6-0wAAAAJ}}
*[https://www.firstpost.com/living/women-in-science-bushra-ateeq-on-identifying-biomarkers-for-prostate-cancer-improving-lives-of-patients-4865131.html Women in Science: Bushra Ateeq on identifying biomarkers for prostate cancer, improving lives of patients]

{{SSBPST recipients in Medical Science|state=collapsed}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ateeq, Bushra}}
[[Category:Recipients of the Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Award in Medical Science]]
[[Category:Indian medical writers]]
[[Category:Indian medical academics]]
[[Category:Indian medical researchers]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

Gandha

2025-02-18T06:49:20Z

EloyNoble34:

{{wiktionary|गंध}}
'''Gandha''' (the Hindi or Sanskrit word गंध; meaning [[olfaction|smell]] or [[fragrance]]) may refer to:
* [[Gandha (film)|''Gandha'' (film)]], a 2009 Indian Marathi-language film
* [[Gandhamardhan hills|Gandha Mardhan hills]], is a hill in Odisha

== See also ==
* [[Gandhi (disambiguation)]]
* [[Gandhara (disambiguation)]]
* [[Sugandha (disambiguation)]]
* [[Gandha-Woundou]], a town in northern Guinea

{{disambig}}

Palakkad–Kozhikode Greenfield Highway

2025-01-24T02:16:58Z

EloyNoble34: New new info.

{{Short description|Proposed greenfield highway in Kerala, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2023}}
{{Infobox road
| header_type = UC
| country = IND
| type =
| state = Kerala
| name = Palakkad–Kozhikode Greenfield Highway
| route =
| map =
| map_custom =
| map_notes =
| spur_type =
| spur_of =
| maint = [[National Highways Authority of India]]
| length_km = 121
| length_notes = 
| established =
| allocation =
| direction_a = South East
| terminus_a = [[Marutharode]], [[Palakkad]] 
| junction = 
| direction_b = North West
| terminus_b =[[Pantheeramkavu]], [[Kozhikode]] 
| districts = [[Malappuram district|Malappuram]], [[Kozhikode district|Kozhikode]], [[Palakkad district|Palakkad]]
| previous_type =
| previous_route = 
| next_type =
| next_route = 
}}

'''Palakkad–Kozhikode Greenfield Highway''' is a 121-kilometre-long planned [[Controlled-access highway|greenfield access-controlled highway]] in [[Kerala]], India.<ref>{{Cite web |last=ഡെസ്ക് |first=വെബ് |date=2023-06-02 |title=കോഴിക്കോട്-പാലക്കാട് ഗ്രീൻഫീൽഡ് ദേശീയപാത: ആഗസ്റ്റ് 30നകം ഭൂമി ഒഴിയേണ്ടി വരും {{!}} Madhyamam |url=https://www.madhyamam.com/kerala/kozhikode-palakkad-greenfield-national-highway-the-land-will-have-to-be-vacated-on-august-30-1166615 |access-date=2023-06-27 |website=www.madhyamam.com |language=ml}}</ref> The highway, which is proposed under the [[Bharatmala|Bharatmala project]], is expected to reduce the travel time between [[Palakkad]] and [[Kozhikode]] to two hours and decongest traffic on the existing [[National Highway 966 (India)|NH 966]]. It also interconnects the national highways [[National Highway 544 (India)|544]] and [[National Highway 66 (India)|66]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-12-22 |title=Meet on Kozhikode-Malappuram-Palakkad greenfield highway on Friday |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/meet-on-kozhikode-malappuram-palakkad-greenfield-highway-on-friday/article66293110.ece |access-date=2023-06-27 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

==Overview==
During peak traffic, it takes approximately four hours to travel from [[Kozhikode]] to [[Palakkad]] through the present [[National Highway 966 (India)|NH 966]] route. However, the proposed 121-kilometer-long highway, which connects national highways 544 and 66, is intended to reduce travel time to two hours. The congestion on NH 966 is also expected to be reduced. The highway would be constructed on four or six-lane, and starts from [[Marutharode]] village in [[Palakkad district|Palakkad]] in the [[National Highway 544 (India)|NH 544]] to [[Pantheeramkavu]] in [[Kozhikode district|Kozhikode]] in the [[National Highway 66 (India)|NH 66]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=കോഴിക്കോട്ടേക്ക് 2 മണിക്കൂർ, മുടക്ക് 8018 കോടി; ഗ്രീൻഫീൽഡ് ഹൈവേയുടെ നേട്ടങ്ങളേറെ, ആശങ്കകളും |url=https://www.manoramaonline.com/district-news/palakkad/2022/08/09/palakkad-greenfield-highway.html |access-date=2023-06-27 |website=www.manoramaonline.com}}</ref>

In 2018, the [[Government of India|Central Government]] first designed the alignment of the project. It is expected to cost ₹8,000 crore. Of this, Rs 4,000 crore is for construction and the remaining 4000 crores is for acquiring 547 hectares of land with a width of 45 meters including the service road.<ref>{{Cite web |last=ലേഖകൻ |first=മാധ്യമം |title=കോഴിക്കോട്-പാലക്കാട് ഗ്രീന്‍ഫീല്‍ഡ് ദേശീയപാത: സ്ഥലമേറ്റെടുക്കൽ വിജ്ഞാപനമായി |url=https://www.madhyamam.com/kerala/kozhikode-palakkad-greenfield-national-highway-land-acquisition-notification-1018397 |access-date=2023-06-27 |website=Madhyamam |date=3 June 2022 |language=en}}</ref> The project will have a little impact on forests and human settlements, according to a pre-feasibility report for environmental impact assessment. There is no tunnel or forest along the alignment. The highway will accommodate traffic between Kozhikode and the [[Calicut International Airport|Calicut airport]] in [[Kondotty]], [[Malappuram district|Malappuram]] and is expected to enable high-speed access to the ports of Kozhikode and [[Chennai Port|Chennai]]. It is also expected to increase connectivity to the 39 villages along the alignment and to tourist sites such as [[Wayanad district|Wayanad]], [[Mysore|Mysuru]], [[Silent Valley National Park|Silent Valley]], [[Nilambur]] and [[Ooty]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-01-02 |title=ഗ്രീൻ ഫീൽഡ് ഹൈവേ: പ്രതീക്ഷയുടെപച്ചപ്പ് |url=https://newspaper.mathrubhumi.com/amp/malappuram/news/malappuram-1.8184027 |access-date=2023-06-27 |website=Newspaper}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Thiruvananthapuram–Angamaly Greenfield Highway]]
* [[National Highway 966 (India)]]

==References==
{{DEFAULTSORT:Palakkad-Kozhikode Greenfield Highway}}
{{reflist}}
[[Category:Proposed roads in India]]
[[Category:Proposed infrastructure in Kerala]]
[[Category:Roads in Kerala]]
[[Category:Roads in Kozhikode district]]
[[Category:Roads in Palakkad district]]

Chhota Bheem and the Shinobi Secret

2024-12-20T01:03:26Z

EloyNoble34: Created redirect page

#REDIRECT [[Chhota Bheem]]

[[Category:Chhota Bheem]]