https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/api.php?action=feedcontributions&feedformat=atom&user=Ellen248280 2026-08-04T08:21:35Z User contributions MediaWiki 1.43.6 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shirpur_Assembly_constituency&diff=535038 2026-05-06T22:32:25Z

<p>Ellen248280: Adding Info</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Constituency of the Maharashtra legislative assembly in India}}<br /> {{For|the similarly named constituency in Telangana|Sirpur Assembly constituency }}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}<br /> {{Infobox Indian constituency<br /> | name = Shirpur<br /> | constituency_no = 9<br /> | type = SLA<br /> | state = [[Maharashtra]]<br /> | latest_election_year = [[2024 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2024]]<br /> | map_image = 9-Shirpur.svg<br /> | loksabha_cons = [[Nandurbar Lok Sabha constituency|Nandurbar]]<br /> | district = [[Dhule district|Dhule]]<br /> | established = 1962<br /> | reservation = ST <br /> | mla = [[Kashiram Vechan Pawara]] <br /> | party = {{Party index link|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br /> | incumbent_image =<br /> | alliance = [[National Democratic Alliance|NDA]]<br /> | electors =351,226 <br /> }}<br /> '''Shirpur Assembly constituency''' is one of the 288 [[Maharashtra Vidhan Sabha|Vidhan Sabha]] constituencies of [[Maharashtra]] state in western India. This constituency is located in [[Dhule district]] and is currently reserved for candidates belonging to the [[Scheduled castes and scheduled tribes|Scheduled Tribes]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://ceo.maharashtra.gov.in/acs.php|title=District wise List of Assembly and Parliamentary Constituencies|publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Maharashtra website|accessdate=6 September 2010|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090225084439/http://ceo.maharashtra.gov.in/acs.php|archivedate=25 February 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Overview==<br /> It is part of [[Nandurbar Lok Sabha constituency]] along with another five Vidhan Sabha constituencies, namely [[Sakri Assembly constituency|Sakri]] in [[Dhule district]] and [[Akkalkuwa Assembly constituency|Akkalkuwa]], [[Navapur Assembly constituency|Navapur]], [[Nandurbar Assembly constituency|Nandurbar]] and [[Shahada Assembly constituency|Shahada]] in [[Nandurbar district]].<br /> <br /> ==Members of the Legislative Assembly==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Election<br /> ! Member<br /> ! colspan=2|Party<br /> |-<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#FFB2B2&quot; | [[1952 Bombay State Legislative Assembly election|1952]] || Mali, Gajmal Dalpat || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=4}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[1962 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1962]] || Vyankatrao Tanaji Dhobi<br /> |-<br /> | [[1967 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1967]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Shivajirao Girdhar Patil]]<br /> |-<br /> | [[1972 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1972]]<br /> |-<br /> | [[1978 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1978]] || Pralhadrao Madhavrao Patil || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[1980 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1980]] || Rajput Indrasing Chandrasing || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress (I)}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[1985 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1985]] || Patil Sambhaji Hiraman || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[1990 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1990]] || rowspan=&quot;4&quot; | [[Amrish Patel|Amrishbhai Rasiklal Patel]] || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=6}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[1995 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1995]]<br /> |-<br /> | [[1999 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1999]]<br /> |-<br /> | [[2004 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2004]]<br /> |-<br /> | [[2009 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2009]] || rowspan=&quot;4&quot; | [[Kashiram Vechan Pawara]]<br /> |-<br /> | [[2014 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2014]]<br /> |-<br /> | [[2019 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2019]] || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[2024 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2024]]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Election results==<br /> === Assembly Election 2024 ===<br /> {{Election box begin |title = [[2024 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Shirpur }}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Kashiram Vechan Pawara]] |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 178,073 |percentage = 77.59% |change = {{increase}}19.78 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Dr. Jitendra Yuvraj Thakur |party = Independent politician |votes = 32,129 |percentage = 14.00% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Budha Mala Pawara |party = Communist Party of India |votes = 10,038 |percentage = 4.37% |change = {{increase}}3.35 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Advocate Varsha Ramesh Vasave |party = Independent politician |votes = 5,042 |percentage = 2.20% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = None of the above |party = None of the above |votes = 2,664 |percentage = 1.16% |change = {{decrease}}0.68 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Sandip Devidas Bhil (Bagul) |party = Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 2,586 |percentage = 1.13% |change = {{increase}}0.48 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Gitanjali Shashikant Koli |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,632 |percentage = 0.71% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes = 145,944 |percentage = 63.59% |change = {{increase}}39.98 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes = 232,164 |percentage = 66.10% |change = {{decrease}}0.08 }}<br /> {{Election box total valid |votes= 229,500}}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 351,226 |ref = |change = {{increase}}9.48 }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party |swing = {{increase}}19.78 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === Assembly Election 2019 ===<br /> {{Election box begin |title = [[2019 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Shirpur &lt;ref name=&quot;election2019&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/11699-maharashtra-legislative-assembly-election-2019/ |title=Maharashtra Legislative Assembly Election, 2019 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date= 2 February 2022 |url-access=limited}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Kashiram Vechan Pawara]] |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 120,403 |percentage = 57.81% |change = {{increase}}20.21 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Dr. Jitendra Yuvraj Thakur |party = Independent politician |votes = 71,229 |percentage = 34.20% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Ranjitsingh Bharatsingh Pawara |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 7,754 |percentage = 3.72% |change = {{decrease}}46.87 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = None of the above |party = None of the above |votes = 3,828 |percentage = 1.84% |change = {{increase}}0.64 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Prof. Motilal Damu Sonawane |party = Vanchit Bahujan Aaghadi |votes = 3,534 |percentage = 1.70% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Er. Vikas Kalidas Saindane |party = Communist Party of India |votes = 2,127 |percentage = 1.02% |change = {{decrease}}1.84 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Kishor Daulat Bhil |party = Manav Ekta Party |votes = 1,860 |percentage = 0.89% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Sukram Onkar Pawara |party = Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 1,357 |percentage = 0.65% |change = {{increase}}0.07 }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes = 49,174 |percentage = 23.61% |change = {{increase}}10.62 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes = 212,314 |percentage = 66.18% |change = {{decrease}}0.22 }}<br /> {{Election box total valid |votes= 208,264}}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 320,802 |ref = |change = {{increase}}8.48 }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party |loser = Indian National Congress |swing = {{increase}}7.22 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === Assembly Election 2014 ===<br /> {{Election box begin |title = [[2014 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Shirpur &lt;ref name=&quot;election2014&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/11699-maharashtra-legislative-assembly-election-2014/ |title=Maharashtra Legislative Assembly Election, 2014 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date= 2 February 2022 |url-access=limited}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Kashiram Vechan Pawara]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 98,114 |percentage = 50.59% |change = {{decrease}}8.48 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Dr. Jitendra Yuvraj Thakur |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 72,913 |percentage = 37.60% |change = {{increase}}4.07 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Jayvant Pratap Padvi |party = Nationalist Congress Party |votes = 11,409 |percentage = 5.88% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Gulabrao Gumansing Malche |party = Communist Party of India |votes = 5,547 |percentage = 2.86% |change = {{increase}}1.14 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Ranjitsinh Bharatsinh Pawara |party = Shiv Sena |votes = 3,942 |percentage = 2.03% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = None of the above |party = None of the above |votes = 2,318 |percentage = 1.20% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes = 25,201 |percentage = 12.99% |change = {{decrease}}12.55 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes = 196,363 |percentage = 66.40% |change = {{increase}}8.38 }}<br /> {{Election box total valid |votes= 193,941}}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 295,736 |ref = |change = {{increase}}10.06 }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}8.48 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === Assembly Election 2009 ===<br /> {{Election box begin |title = [[2009 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Shirpur &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|publisher= Chief Eletoral Officer, [[Maharashtra]]|title=General Elections to State Legislative Assembly 2009 |url=https://ceoelection.maharashtra.gov.in/pdff/vidhanresult.pdf|archive-url= http://web.archive.org/web/20240708005931/https://ceoelection.maharashtra.gov.in/pdff/vidhanresult.pdf|archive-date=8 July 2024|format=pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Kashiram Vechan Pawara]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 92,088 |percentage = 59.07% |change = {{decrease}}7.02 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Ranjitsinh Bhartsinh Pawara |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 52,275 |percentage = 33.53% |change = {{increase}}5.53 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Bhika Suka Bhil |party = Independent politician |votes = 2,935 |percentage = 1.88% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Advocate. I. K Pawara|party = Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 2,683 |percentage = 1.72% |change = {{decrease}}1.88 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Ramchandra Thotu Pawara |party = Communist Party of India |votes = 2,675 |percentage = 1.72% |change = {{decrease}}0.59 }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes = 39,813 |percentage = 25.54% |change = {{decrease}}12.56 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes = 155,893 |percentage = 58.02% |change = {{decrease}}7.85 }}<br /> {{Election box total valid |votes= 155,892}}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 268,703 |ref = |change = {{increase}}11.90 }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}7.02 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === Assembly Election 2004 ===<br /> {{Election box begin |title = [[2004 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Shirpur }}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Amrish Patel|Amrishbhai Rasiklal Patel]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 104,535 |percentage = 66.09% |change = {{increase}}9.28 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Baban Rawaji Chaudhari |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 44,279 |percentage = 28.00% |change = {{increase}}17.97 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Pratap Uttamrao Sardar |party = Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 5,700 |percentage = 3.60% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Adv. Madan Punamchand Pardeshi |party = Communist Party of India |votes = 3,646 |percentage = 2.31% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes = 60,256 |percentage = 38.10% |change = {{increase}}14.22 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes = 158,178 |percentage = 65.87% |change = {{decrease}}2.54 }}<br /> {{Election box total valid |votes= 158,160}}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 240,124 |ref = |change = {{increase}}23.68 }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = {{increase}}9.28 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === Assembly Election 1999 ===<br /> {{Election box begin |title = [[1999 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Shirpur &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1999 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1999/StatisticalReport-MH99.pdf|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117044316/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1999/StatisticalReport-MH99.pdf|archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Amrish Patel|Amrishbhai Rasiklal Patel]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 71,053 |percentage = 56.81% |change = {{decrease}}11.69 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = [[Shivajirao Girdhar Patil]] |party = Nationalist Congress Party |votes = 41,182 |percentage = 32.93% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Dilip Jayram Lohar |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 12,547 |percentage = 10.03% |change = {{increase}}4.30 }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes = 29,871 |percentage = 23.88% |change = {{decrease}}24.18 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes = 132,819 |percentage = 68.41% |change = {{decrease}}5.45 }}<br /> {{Election box total valid |votes= 125,062}}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 194,149 |ref = |change = {{increase}}5.68 }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}11.69 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === Assembly Election 1995 ===<br /> {{Election box begin |title = [[1995 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Shirpur &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1995 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1995/StatisticalReport-MH95.pdf|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117121534/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1995/StatisticalReport-MH95.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Amrish Patel|Amrishbhai Rasiklal Patel]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 90,005 |percentage = 68.50% |change = {{increase}}9.68 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Narandrasing Darbarshing Jamadar|party = Independent politician |votes = 26,852 |percentage = 20.44% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Rameshrao Mukundrao Patil |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 7,527 |percentage = 5.73% |change = {{decrease}}20.81 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Adv. Madan Punamchand Pardeshi|party = Communist Party of India |votes = 3,648 |percentage = 2.78% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Darbarshing Dharma Girase |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,048 |percentage = 0.80% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes = 63,153 |percentage = 48.06% |change = {{increase}}15.78 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes = 135,698 |percentage = 73.86% |change = {{increase}}6.67 }}<br /> {{Election box total valid |votes= 131,396}}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 183,720 |ref = |change = {{increase}}17.36 }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = {{increase}}9.68 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === Assembly Election 1990 ===<br /> {{Election box begin |title = [[1990 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Shirpur &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1990 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1990/StatRep_MT_90.pdf |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117080722/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1990/StatRep_MT_90.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Amrish Patel|Amrishbhai Rasiklal Patel]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 60,344 |percentage = 58.82% |change = {{increase}}20.93 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Vishwasrao Patil |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 27,226 |percentage = 26.54% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Bhimrao Mhaske |party = Independent politician |votes = 7,118 |percentage = 6.94% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Lahusing Shankarsing Jamadar |party = Janata Dal |votes = 6,047 |percentage = 5.89% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Chhaganbhai Shankarbhai Patel |party = Doordarshi Party |votes = 622 |percentage = 0.61% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes = 33,118 |percentage = 32.28% |change = {{increase}}8.83 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes = 105,187 |percentage = 67.19% |change = {{increase}}0.15 }}<br /> {{Election box total valid |votes= 102,593}}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 156,547 |ref = |change = {{increase}}28.85 }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Janata Party |swing = {{decrease}}2.51 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === Assembly Election 1985 ===<br /> {{Election box begin |title = [[1985 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Shirpur &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1985 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/Statistical%20Report%20Maharashtra%201985.pdf |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117075119/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/Statistical%20Report%20Maharashtra%201985.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate =Sambhaji Hiraman Patil |party = Janata Party |votes = 48,727 |percentage = 61.33% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Indrasing Chandrasing Rajput |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 30,099 |percentage = 37.89% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes = 18,628 |percentage = 23.45% |change = {{increase}}4.34 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes = 81,446 |percentage = 67.04% |change = {{decrease}}4.96 }}<br /> {{Election box total valid |votes= 79,446}}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 121,492 |ref = |change = {{increase}}12.61 }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner = Janata Party |loser = Indian National Congress (I) |swing = {{increase}}10.09 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === Assembly Election 1980 ===<br /> {{Election box begin |title = [[1980 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Shirpur &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1980 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1980/Statistical%20Report%201980%20Maharashtra.pdf |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117083555/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1980/Statistical%20Report%201980%20Maharashtra.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Indrasing Chandrasing Rajput |party = Indian National Congress (I) |votes = 38,691 |percentage = 51.24% |change = {{increase}}46.12 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = [[Shivajirao Girdhar Patil ]]|party = Indian National Congress (U) |votes = 24,261 |percentage = 32.13% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Pralhadrao Madhavrao Patil |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 11,324 |percentage = 15.00% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Sahebrao Ralya Pawara |party = Independent politician |votes = 551 |percentage = 0.73% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes = 14,430 |percentage = 19.11% |change = {{increase}}3.00 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes = 77,679 |percentage = 72.00% |change = {{decrease}}4.21 }}<br /> {{Election box total valid |votes= 75,506}}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 107,884 |ref = |change = {{increase}}11.09 }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner = Indian National Congress (I) |loser = Janata Party |swing = {{decrease}}3.18 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === Assembly Election 1978 ===<br /> {{Election box begin |title = [[1978 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Shirpur &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1978 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/Statistical%20Report%201978%20Maharashtra.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170629182050/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/Statistical%20Report%201978%20Maharashtra.pdf|archive-date=29 June 2017|format=pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Pralhadrao Madhavrao Patil |party = Janata Party |votes = 38,674 |percentage = 54.42% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Vyankatrao Tajani Randhir |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 27,224 |percentage = 38.30% |change = {{decrease}}27.47 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Shankar Pandu Mali |party = Indian National Congress (I) |votes = 3,640 |percentage = 5.12% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Rajaram Deochand Borasa |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,534 |percentage = 2.16% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes = 11,450 |percentage = 16.11% |change = {{decrease}}19.50 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes = 74,009 |percentage = 76.21% |change = {{increase}}6.78 }}<br /> {{Election box total valid |votes= 71,072}}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 97,117 |ref = |change = {{increase}}13.38 }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner = Janata Party |loser = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}11.35 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === Assembly Election 1972 ===<br /> {{Election box begin |title = [[1972 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Shirpur &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1967 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatReport_MT_72.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170519183024/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatReport_MT_72.pdf|archive-date=19 May 2017|format=pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Shivajirao Girdhar Patil]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 37,616 |percentage = 65.77% |change = {{increase}}11.92 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Prahladrao Madhavrao Patil |party = Bharatiya Jana Sangh |votes = 17,251 |percentage = 30.16% |change = {{decrease}}11.89 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Shamrao Babaji Chavan |party = Republican Party of India |votes = 1,369 |percentage = 2.39% |change = {{decrease}}1.70 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Jagdeo Suklal Ragho |party = Independent politician |votes = 713 |percentage = 1.25% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes = 20,365 |percentage = 35.61% |change = {{increase}}23.81 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes = 59,476 |percentage = 69.43% |change = {{increase}}0.99 }}<br /> {{Election box total valid |votes= 57,191}}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 85,659 |ref = |change = {{increase}}10.01 }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = {{increase}}11.92 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === Assembly Election 1967 ===<br /> {{Election box begin |title = [[1967 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Shirpur &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1967 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=https://www.eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Maharashtra%201967.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180926233227/https://www.eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Maharashtra%201967.pdf|archive-date=26 September 2018|format=pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Shivajirao Girdhar Patil]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 27,118 |percentage = 53.85% |change = {{decrease}}7.62 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Prahladrao Madhavrao Patil |party = Bharatiya Jana Sangh |votes = 21,177 |percentage = 42.05% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = P. L. Lalingkar |party = Republican Party of India |votes = 2,061 |percentage = 4.09% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes = 5,941 |percentage = 11.80% |change = {{decrease}}22.56 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes = 53,292 |percentage = 68.44% |change = {{increase}}9.34 }}<br /> {{Election box total valid |votes= 50,356}}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 77,866 |ref = |change = {{increase}}6.16 }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}7.62 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === Assembly Election 1962 ===<br /> {{Election box begin |title = [[1962 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Shirpur &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1962 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Maharastra_1962.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120117085627/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Maharastra_1962.pdf|archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Vyankatrao Tanaji Dhobi |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 24,753 |percentage = 61.47% |change = {{increase}}2.24 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Prahladrao Madhavrao Patil |party = Bharatiya Jana Sangh |votes = 10,916 |percentage = 27.11% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Vithal Ana Mahar |party = Republican Party of India |votes = 2,291 |percentage = 5.69% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Onkargir Kalugir Buwa |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,580 |percentage = 3.92% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> <br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes = 13,837 |percentage = 34.36% |change = {{decrease}}2.63 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes = 43,350 |percentage = 59.10% |change = {{increase}}2.71 }}<br /> {{Election box total valid |votes= 40,267}}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 73,350 |ref = |change = {{increase}}48.31 }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = {{increase}}2.24 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === Assembly Election 1952 ===<br /> {{Election box begin |title = [[1952 Bombay State Legislative Assembly election]] : Shirpur &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1951 to the Legislative Assembly of Bombay |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/StatReport_51_BOMBAY.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114083220/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/StatReport_51_BOMBAY.pdf |archive-date=14 January 2012|format=pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Gajmal Dalpat Mali |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 16,517 |percentage = 59.23% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Uttamrao Girdhar Patil |party = Peasants and Workers Party of India |votes = 6,202 |percentage = 22.24% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = [[Shivajirao Girdhar Patil]] |party = Socialist Party (India, 1948) |votes = 4,414 |percentage = 15.83% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Vanji Sajan Chaudhari |party = Independent politician |votes = 753 |percentage = 2.70% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes = 10,315 |percentage = 36.99% |change = }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes = 27,886 |percentage = 56.39% |change = }}<br /> {{Election box total valid |votes= 27,886}}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 49,456 |ref = |change = }}<br /> {{Election box new seat win |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> * [[Shirpur]]<br /> * [[List of constituencies of Maharashtra Legislative Assembly]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{Dhule district topics}}<br /> {{Assembly constituencies of Maharashtra}}<br /> {{coords|21.35|74.89|display=title}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Assembly constituencies of Maharashtra]]<br /> [[Category:Dhule district]]<br /> [[Category:Politics of Maharashtra]]<br /> [[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1962]]<br /> [[Category:1962 establishments in Maharashtra]]</div>

Ellen248280 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Baijnath_Assembly_constituency&diff=489153 2026-04-29T23:56:12Z

<p>Ellen248280: created basic stub w/ infobox...</p> <hr /> <div>{{short description|Legislative Assembly constituency in Himachal Pradesh State, India}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}<br /> {{Infobox Indian constituency<br /> | name = Baijnath<br /> | type = SLA<br /> | constituency_no = 20<br /> | map_image = 20-Baijnath constituency.svg<br /> | state = [[Himachal Pradesh]]<br /> | district = [[Kangra district|Kangra]]<br /> | loksabha_cons = [[Kangra Lok Sabha constituency|Kangra]]<br /> | established = 1967<br /> | reservation = SC<br /> | mla = [[Kishori Lal (Baijnath politician)|Kishori Lal]]<br /> | party = [[Indian National Congress]]<br /> | latest_election_year = [[2022 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2022]]<br /> | electors = {{formatnum:91352}}&lt;ref name=election2022&gt;{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/14751-himachal-pradesh-general-legislative-election-2022/ |title=Himachal Pradesh General Legislative Election 2012 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=22 April 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{update after|2028|1}}<br /> }}<br /> '''Baijnath''' is one of the 68 constituencies in the [[Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]. [[Himachal Pradesh]], a northern state of [[India]], is known for its beauty and serene and religious reputation. Baijnath, which is named after Jyotirlinga of Vaidyanath,{{clarify|date=April 2026|reason=Vaidyanath Jyotirlinga?}} is also part of the [[Kangra Lok Sabha constituency]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Sitting and previous MLAs from Baijnath Assembly constituency |url=http://www.elections.in/himachal-pradesh/assembly-constituencies/baijnath.html |work=Elections.in |access-date= November 1, 2017 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008 |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf |work=Election commission of India |access-date= November 1, 2017 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.hp.nic.in/ |title=NICEMAIL ver 5.0 |access-date=2019-06-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060113030954/http://hp.nic.in/ |archive-date=2006-01-13 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Members of Legislative Assembly==<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Year<br /> !Member<br /> !Picture<br /> !colspan=&quot;2&quot;|Party<br /> |-<br /> |[[1967 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1967]] <br /> | [[B. Ram|Bansi Ram]]<br /> |<br /> |{{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[1972 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1972]] <br /> |rowspan=4| [[Sant Ram]]<br /> |rowspan=4|<br /> |{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=4}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[1977 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1977]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[1982 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1982]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[1985 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1985]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[1990 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1990]]<br /> | [[Dulo Ram]]<br /> |<br /> |{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[1993 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1993]] <br /> | Sant Ram<br /> |<br /> |{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> |1998{{efn|By-election}}<br /> | [[Dulo Ram]]<br /> |<br /> |{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[1998 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1998]] <br /> | Sant Ram<br /> |<br /> |{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=4}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[2003 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2003]] <br /> |rowspan=2| [[Sudhir Sharma]]<br /> |rowspan=2| <br /> |-<br /> |[[2007 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2007]] <br /> |-<br /> |[[2012 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2012]] <br /> | [[Kishori Lal (Baijnath politician)|Kishori Lal]]<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |[[2017 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2017]] <br /> | [[Mulkh Raj]]&lt;ref name=election2017/&gt; ||<br /> |{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[2022 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2022]] <br /> | [[Kishori Lal (Baijnath politician)|Kishori Lal]]&lt;ref name=election2022/&gt; ||<br /> |{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |}<br /> {{noteslist}}<br /> <br /> ==Election results==<br /> ===Assembly Election 2022 ===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[2022 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Baijnath}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Kishori Lal (Baijnath politician)|Kishori Lal]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=29,338 |percentage=50.32% |change={{increase}}14.25 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mulkh Raj Premi |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=25,892 |percentage=44.41% |change={{decrease}}15.18 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Parmodh Chand |party=Aam Aadmi Party |votes=1,109 |percentage=1.90% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Nota |party=None of the above |votes=669 |percentage=1.15% |change={{increase}}0.08 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ajay Kumar |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=536 |percentage=0.92% |change={{decrease}}0.03 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Gurdas Ram |party=Independent politician |votes=531 |percentage=0.91% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Vishesh Verma |party=Swabhiman Party |votes=226 |percentage=0.39% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=3,446 |percentage=5.91% |change= {{decrease}}17.61 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=58,301 |percentage=63.82% |change= {{decrease}}3.38 }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 91,352 |ref = |change= {{increase}}13.96 }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= {{decrease}}9.27 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> ===Assembly Election 2017 ===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[2017 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Baijnath&lt;ref name=election2017&gt;{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3815-himachal-pradesh-general-legislative-election-2017/ |title=Himachal Pradesh General Legislative Election 2017 |author=Election Commission of India |access-date=8 July 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Mulkh Raj |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=32,102 |percentage=59.59% |change={{increase}}27.66 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Kishori Lal (Baijnath politician)|Kishori Lal]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=19,433 |percentage=36.07% |change={{decrease}}9.81 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes=577 |percentage=1.07% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ramesh Chand |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=510 |percentage=0.95% |change={{increase}}0.19 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Bir Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=331 |percentage=0.61% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=12,669 |percentage=23.52% |change= {{increase}}9.57 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=53,869 |percentage=67.20% |change= {{increase}}3.90 }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 80,160 |ref = |change= {{increase}}6.42 }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{increase}}13.71 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> ===Assembly Election 2012 ===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[2012 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Baijnath}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Kishori Lal (Baijnath politician)|Kishori Lal]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=21,878 |percentage=45.88% |change={{increase}}1.49 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mulkh Raj |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=15,226 |percentage=31.93% |change={{decrease}}5.21 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Udho Ram |party=Himachal Lokhit Party |votes=7,049 |percentage=14.78% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Tilak Raj |party=Independent politician |votes=1,862 |percentage=3.91% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Om Prakash |party=Himachal Swabhiman Party |votes=676 |percentage=1.42% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Shashi Pal |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=359 |percentage=0.75% |change={{decrease}}8.45 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ashok Kumar |party=Lok Jan Shakti Party |votes=295 |percentage=0.62% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Vijay Kumar |party=Nationalist Congress Party |votes=274 |percentage=0.57% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=6,652 |percentage=13.95% |change= {{increase}}6.70 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=47,681 |percentage=63.30% |change= {{decrease}}6.18 }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 75,322 |ref = |change= {{increase}}16.63 }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{increase}}1.49 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> ===Assembly Election 2007 ===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[2007 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Baijnath}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Sudhir Sharma]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=19,921 |percentage=44.40% |change={{decrease}}9.50 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Dulo Ram]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=16,666 |percentage=37.14% |change={{decrease}}1.72 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Suresh Kumar |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=4,131 |percentage=9.21% |change={{increase}}7.48 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Dhani Ram Thakur |party=Independent politician |votes=2,870 |percentage=6.40% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Akshay Jasrotia |party=Independent politician |votes=612 |percentage=1.36% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Vyas Dev Mehra |party=Independent politician |votes=443 |percentage=0.99% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=3,255 |percentage=7.25% |change= {{decrease}}7.78 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=44,871 |percentage=69.48% |change= {{decrease}}2.55 }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 64,582 |ref = |change= {{increase}}12.08 }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}9.50 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> ===Assembly Election 2003 ===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[2003 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Baijnath&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1998 to the Legislative Assembly of Himachal Pradesh |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1998/StatisticalReport-HP98.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120111191922/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1998/StatisticalReport-HP98.pdf|archive-date=11 January 2012|format=pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Sudhir Sharma]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=22,371 |percentage=53.90% |change={{increase}}14.99 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Dulo Ram]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=16,132 |percentage=38.87% |change={{decrease}}18.94 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Kashmir Singh |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=715 |percentage=1.72% |change={{increase}}0.03 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Baba Dhuni Nath Ji |party=Lok Jan Shakti Party |votes=557 |percentage=1.34% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Rajesh Kumar |party=Himachal Vikas Congress |votes=508 |percentage=1.22% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Meda Ram |party=Loktantrik Morcha Himachal Pradesh |votes=421 |percentage=1.01% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Milap Chand |party=Independent politician |votes=421 |percentage=1.01% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Jagdish Chand |party=Communist Party of India |votes=221 |percentage=0.53% |change={{decrease}}0.36 }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=6,239 |percentage=15.03% |change= {{decrease}}3.87 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=41,507 |percentage=72.09% |change= {{increase}}6.07 }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 57,622 |ref = |change= {{increase}}4.17 }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= {{decrease}}3.91 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> ===Assembly By-election 1998 ===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1998 elections in India#Himachal Pradesh|1998 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly by-election]]: Baijnath}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Dulo Ram]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=21,092 |percentage=57.80% |change={{increase}}16.48 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sudhir Sharma |party=Indian National Congress |votes=14,195 |percentage=38.90% |change={{decrease}}4.94 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Udho Ram |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=619 |percentage=1.70% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Jagdish Chand |party=Communist Party of India |votes=327 |percentage=0.90% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=6,897 |percentage=18.90% |change= {{increase}}16.38 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=36,489 |percentage=66.37% |change= {{decrease}}0.30 }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 55,318 |ref = |change= {{increase}}2.46 }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{increase}}13.96 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===Assembly Election 1998 ===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1998 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Baijnath&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1998 to the Legislative Assembly of Himachal Pradesh |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1998/StatisticalReport-HP98.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120111191922/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1998/StatisticalReport-HP98.pdf|archive-date=11 January 2012|format=pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Sant Ram |party=Indian National Congress |votes=15,684 |percentage=43.84% |change={{decrease}}11.30 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Dulo Ram]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=14,782 |percentage=41.32% |change={{increase}}0.66 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Kishori Lal |party=Himachal Vikas Congress |votes=4,911 |percentage=13.73% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=902 |percentage=2.52% |change= {{decrease}}11.96 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=35,774 |percentage=67.09% |change= {{increase}}6.50 }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 53,992 |ref = |change= {{decrease}}2.64 }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> ===Assembly Election 1993 ===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1993 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Baijnath&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1993 to the Legislative Assembly of Himachal Pradesh |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1993/Statistical%20Report%201993%20Himachal%20Pradesh.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120111133700/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1993/Statistical%20Report%201993%20Himachal%20Pradesh.pdf|archive-date=11 January 2012|format=pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Sant Ram |party=Indian National Congress |votes=18,276 |percentage=55.14% |change={{increase}}12.69 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Dulo Ram]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=13,477 |percentage=40.66% |change={{decrease}}14.60 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Anand Bhanwal |party=Janata Dal |votes=660 |percentage=1.99% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Udho Ram |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=348 |percentage=1.05% |change={{increase}}0.52 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Subhash Thakur |party=Independent politician |votes=202 |percentage=0.61% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=4,799 |percentage=14.48% |change= {{increase}}1.67 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=33,143 |percentage=60.20% |change= {{decrease}}6.58 }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 55,458 |ref = |change= {{increase}}24.19 }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= {{decrease}}0.12 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> ===Assembly Election 1990 ===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1990 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Baijnath&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1990 to the Legislative Assembly of Himachal Pradesh |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1990/Statisticall%20Report%20Himachal%20Pradesh%201990.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114181905/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1990/Statisticall%20Report%20Himachal%20Pradesh%201990.pdf|archive-date=14 January 2012|format=pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Dulo Ram]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=16,371 |percentage=55.26% |change={{increase}}14.85 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sant Ram |party=Indian National Congress |votes=12,576 |percentage=42.45% |change={{decrease}}16.34 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Diwan Chand |party=Doordarshi Party |votes=173 |percentage=0.58% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Man Chand |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=158 |percentage=0.53% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=3,795 |percentage=12.81% |change= {{decrease}}5.57 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=29,625 |percentage=66.85% |change= {{increase}}0.90 }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 44,657 |ref = |change= {{increase}}24.81 }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}3.53 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> ===Assembly Election 1985 ===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1985 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Baijnath&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1985 to the Legislative Assembly of Himachal Pradesh |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/StatisticalReport%201985%20Himachal%20Pradesh.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114090530/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/StatisticalReport%201985%20Himachal%20Pradesh.pdf|archive-date=14 January 2012|format=pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Sant Ram |party=Indian National Congress |votes=13,767 |percentage=58.79% |change={{increase}}12.88 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Dulo Ram]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=9,462 |percentage=40.41% |change={{increase}}22.37 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Kuldip Chand Katoch |party=Independent politician |votes=187 |percentage=0.80% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=4,305 |percentage=18.38% |change= {{decrease}}8.88 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=23,416 |percentage=66.31% |change= {{decrease}}7.46 }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 35,781 |ref = |change= {{increase}}15.77 }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{increase}}12.88 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> ===Assembly Election 1982 ===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1982 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Baijnath&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1982 to the Legislative Assembly of Himachal Pradesh |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/SE_1982/Statistical%20Report%201982%20Himachal%20Pradesh.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120117041754/eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/SE_1982/Statistical%20Report%201982%20Himachal%20Pradesh.pdf|archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Sant Ram |party=Indian National Congress |votes=10,346 |percentage=45.91% |change={{decrease}}7.65 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Milkhi Ram |party=Independent politician |votes=4,202 |percentage=18.65% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=D. D. Khanoria |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=4,065 |percentage=18.04% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Gurmukh Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=1,397 |percentage=6.20% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Vinod Kumar Purohit |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes=1,223 |percentage=5.43% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Tarlok Nath |party=Communist Party of India |votes=879 |percentage=3.90% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Narain Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=204 |percentage=0.91% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Partap Singh |party=Janata Party |votes=147 |percentage=0.65% |change={{decrease}}41.13 }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=6,144 |percentage=27.27% |change= {{increase}}15.48 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=22,533 |percentage=74.06% |change= {{increase}}15.18 }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 30,908 |ref = |change= {{increase}}3.89 }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}7.65 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> ===Assembly Election 1977 ===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1977 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Baijnath&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1977 to the Legislative Assembly of Himachal Pradesh |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/SE_1977/Statistical%20Report%201977%20Himachal%20Pradesh.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160319174923/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/SE_1977/Statistical%20Report%201977%20Himachal%20Pradesh.pdf|archive-date=19 March 2016|format=pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Sant Ram |party=Indian National Congress |votes=9,200 |percentage=53.57% |change={{decrease}}22.97 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Om Prakash Kauda |party=Janata Party |votes=7,175 |percentage=41.78% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Bhim Sain |party=Independent politician |votes=455 |percentage=2.65% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ram Ruth |party=Independent politician |votes=344 |percentage=2.00% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=2,025 |percentage=11.79% |change= {{decrease}}49.00 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=17,174 |percentage=58.45% |change= {{increase}}14.54 }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 29,752 |ref = |change= {{increase}}15.87 }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}22.97 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> ===Assembly Election 1972 ===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1972 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Baijnath&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3802-himachal-pradesh-1972/ |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1972 to the Legislative Assembly of Himachal Pradesh |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=10 February 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Sant Ram |party=Indian National Congress |votes=8,487 |percentage=76.54% |change={{increase}}51.74 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Bidhi Chand |party=Communist Party of India |votes=1,747 |percentage=15.76% |change={{decrease}}10.45 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mona |party=Independent politician |votes=680 |percentage=6.13% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Karm Chand |party=Independent politician |votes=174 |percentage=1.57% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=6,740 |percentage=60.79% |change= {{increase}}59.38 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=11,088 |percentage=44.12% |change= {{decrease}}3.44 }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 25,678 |ref = |change= {{decrease}}8.14 }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Communist Party of India |swing= {{increase}}50.34 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> ===Assembly Election 1967 ===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1967 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Baijnath&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1967 to the Legislative Assembly of Himachal Pradesh |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Himachal%20Pradesh%201967.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120117081612/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Himachal%20Pradesh%201967.pdf|archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Bansi Ram]] |party=Communist Party of India |votes=3,415 |percentage=26.20% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=K. Devi |party=Indian National Congress |votes=3,232 |percentage=24.80% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=S. Ram |party=Independent politician |votes=2,734 |percentage=20.98% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=B. Ram |party=Independent politician |votes=1,294 |percentage=9.93% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=A. Chand |party=Bharatiya Jana Sangh |votes=1,233 |percentage=9.46% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=R. Parkash |party=Independent politician |votes=648 |percentage=4.97% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Bidhia |party=Independent politician |votes=254 |percentage=1.95% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Lala |party=Independent politician |votes=222 |percentage=1.70% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=183 |percentage=1.40% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=13,032 |percentage=49.70% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 27,954 |ref = |change= }}<br /> {{Election box new seat win |winner=Communist Party of India |loser= |swing= }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> * [[Kangra district]]<br /> * [[List of constituencies of Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * {{cite web |title=Results of Himachal Pradesh Assembly Elections |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/74-himachal-pradesh/ |website=eci.gov.in |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=15 March 2022}}<br /> <br /> {{Assembly constituencies of Himachal Pradesh|state=expanded}}<br /> {{Himachal Pradesh elections|state=collapsed}}<br /> <br /> {{coord|32.05|76.65|display=title}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Assembly constituencies of Himachal Pradesh]]<br /> [[Category:Kangra district]]<br /> [[Category:Politics of Himachal Pradesh]]<br /> [[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1967]]<br /> [[Category:1967 establishments in Himachal Pradesh]]</div>

Ellen248280 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rajiv_Ranjan&diff=528700 2026-04-29T19:57:55Z

<p>Ellen248280: creating info</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Former Indian politician}}<br /> {{Orphan|date=March 2026}}<br /> <br /> '''Rajiv Ranjan''' was an Indian politician and former member of the Bihar Legislative Assembly representing the Islampur constituency. He served as a member of the Janata Dal (United).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2014-08-22 |title=JD(U) suspends Islampur MLA Rajiv Ranjan for 6 years |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/political-pulse/jdu-suspends-islampur-mla-rajiv-ranjan-for-6-years/ |access-date=2026-02-26 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Political career ==<br /> Ranjan was elected to the Bihar Legislative Assembly from the Islampur constituency in the 2010 Bihar Legislative Assembly election. He served until 2015, when he was succeeded by Chandrasen Prasad.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Rajiv Ranjan Candidate Affidavit |url=https://www.myneta.info/bih2010/candidate.php?candidate_id=1959 |website=Myneta |access-date=24 February 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> He was associated with the Janata Dal (United) and was at one point suspended from the party.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite press release |title=JD(U) suspends Islampur MLA Rajiv Ranjan for 6 years |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/jdu-suspends-islampur-mla-rajiv-ranjan-for-6-years/articleshow/40681294.cms |work=The Economic Times |date=22 August 2014 |access-date=24 February 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Death ==<br /> Ranjan died in 2024 following a heart attack.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Rajiv Ranjan Died: जदयू के राष्ट्रीय प्रवक्ता राजीव रंजन का हार्ट अटैक से निधन, दिल्ली में ली आखिरी सांस JD(U) leader Rajiv Ranjan died of heart attack |url=https://www.jagran.com/bihar/patna-city-jdu-national-spokesperson-rajiv-ranjan-died-of-heart-attack-23765757.html |work=Dainik Jagran |date=25 July 2024 |access-date=24 February 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=JDU के प्रवक्ता राजीव रंजन का निधन, दिल्ली में ली अंतिम सांस |url=https://www.aajtak.in/india/news/story/jdu-rajeev-ranjan-no-more-bjp-nitish-kumar-former-spokesperson-and-mla-bihar-ntc-1992682-2024-07-26 |work=Aaj Tak |access-date=24 February 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Ranjan, Rajiv}}<br /> [[Category:Year of birth missing]]<br /> [[Category:2024 deaths]]<br /> [[Category:Indian politicians]]<br /> <br /> {{Bihar-JDU-politician-stub}}</div>

Ellen248280 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cement_Manju&diff=492965 2026-04-28T15:05:41Z

<p>Ellen248280: created the page needs work</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian politician (born 1982)}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=August 2024}}<br /> <br /> '''S. Manjunatha''' (born 1 January 1982), also known as '''Cement Manju''', is an Indian politician from [[Karnataka]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.indialeader.com/ViewLeader/46878/Cement-Manju|title=Cement Manju}}&lt;/ref&gt; He is a member of the [[Karnataka Legislative Assembly]] from [[Sakleshpur Assembly constituency]] which is reserved for SC community in [[Hassan district]]. He represents [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] and won the [[2023 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2023-05-13 |title=Karnataka election results 2023: Full list of winners |url=https://indianexpress.com/elections/karnataka-election-results-full-list-of-winners-8606612/ |access-date=2024-07-27 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Shakir |first=Somayya |date=2023-05-13 |title=Sakleshpur (SC) Election Result 2023 Live Update: BJP Won in This Karnataka Seat |url=https://www.thequint.com/news/india/sakleshpur-sc-election-result-2023-live-updates-counting-of-votes-in-karnataka-today |access-date=2024-07-27 |website=TheQuint |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news | date=2023-05-13 |title=In Hassan, JD(S) loses two seats, while BJP, Cong. improve their strength |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/in-hassan-jds-loses-two-seats-while-bjp-cong-improve-their-strength/article66846308.ece |access-date=2024-07-27 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Early life and education ==<br /> Manju is from [[Sakleshpur]]. He is the son of Shivananjappa. He runs his own business. He completed his schooling in 1997 from M Manasa High School, Sakaleshpura.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=S Manjunatha(Bharatiya Janata Party(BJP)):Constituency- SAKALESHPUR (SC)(HASSAN) - Affidavit Information of Candidate |url=https://myneta.info/Karnataka2023/candidate.php?candidate_id=7810 |access-date=2024-07-27 |website=myneta.info}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Career ==<br /> Manju won from [[Sakleshpur Assembly constituency]] representing [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] , which was in an alliance with [[Janata Dal (S)]], in the [[2023 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2023-05-13 |title=Sakleshpur Election Result 2023 LIVE Updates and Highlights: S Manjunatha Of BJP Wins |url=https://www.news18.com/elections/sakleshpur-election-result-2023-live-updates-and-highlights-winner-loser-leading-trailing-mla-margin-7795705.html |access-date=2024-07-27 |website=News18 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2025-02-20 |title=BJP's dilemma in Karnataka: Continue with JD(S) or contest panchayat polls alone? |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/bjp-dilemma-continue-alliance-with-jds-for-zp-tp-polls-or-got-it-alone/articleshow/118395261.cms |access-date=2026-02-27 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}&lt;/ref&gt; He polled 58,604 votes and defeated his nearest rival, [[H. K. Kumaraswamy]] of [[Janata Dal (Secular)]], by a margin of 2,056 votes.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/karnataka-polls-live-results-for-kadur-shravanabelagola-arsikere-belur-hassan-holenarasipur-arkalgud-sakleshpur-101683894373862.html|title=Karnataka election 2023 results: List of winners from Hassan area constituencies|author=Prapti Upadhayay}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenMay2023/ConstituencywiseS10199.htm?ac=199|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230602045716/http://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenMay2023/ConstituencywiseS10199.htm?ac=199|archive-date=2 June 2023|title=GENERAL ELECTION TO VIDHAN SABHA TRENDS &amp; RESULT MAY-2023|access-date=27 July 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Karnataka Assembly Elections 2023: Sakleshpur&quot;&gt;{{cite news |date=13 May 2023 |title=Karnataka Assembly Elections 2023: Sakleshpur |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenMay2023/ConstituencywiseS10199.htm?ac=199 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250409163929/https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenMay2023/ConstituencywiseS10199.htm?ac=199 |archive-date=9 April 2025 |access-date=9 April 2025 |publisher=Election Commission of India}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Manju, Cement}}<br /> [[Category:1982 births]]<br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Karnataka]]<br /> [[Category:Karnataka MLAs 2023–2028]]<br /> [[Category:People from Hassan district]]</div>

Ellen248280 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=National_Highways_and_Infrastructure_Development_Corporation_Limited&diff=521073 2026-04-25T21:49:52Z

<p>Ellen248280: added</p> <hr /> <div>{{short description|Indian government owned company}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=June 2017}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=August 2015}}<br /> {{Infobox organization<br /> | image = National Highways and Infrastructure Development Corporation Limited logo.png<br /> | caption = <br /> | map = <br /> | formation = {{start date and age|18 July 2014}}<br /> | extinction = <br /> | type = [[Public sector undertakings in India|Central PSU]]<br /> | status = Active<br /> | purpose = Development and maintenance of [[National Highway (India)|National Highways]]<br /> | headquarters = World Trade Centre, Nauroji Nagar, [[Delhi]]<br /> | leader_title = Managing Director<br /> | leader_name = Krishan Kumar [[Indian Administrative Service|(IAS)]]<br /> | leader_title2 = Director (Admin &amp; Finance)<br /> | leader_name2 = Anshu Manish Khalkho [[Indian Defence Accounts Service|(IDAS)]]<br /> | leader_title3 = Directors (Technical)<br /> | leader_name3 = Vipnesh Sharma [[Indian Engineering Service|(IES)]] and Amarendra Kumar [[Indian Engineering Service|(IES)]]<br /> | main_organ = Board of Directors<br /> | affiliations = [[Government of India]]<br /> | budget = {{INRConvert|30000|c}} &lt;small&gt;(2022-23 est.)&lt;/small&gt;<br /> | remarks = <br /> | name = National Highways &amp; Infrastructure Development Corporation Limited<br /> | native_name = राष्ट्रीय राजमार्ग एवं अवसंरचना विकास निगम लिमिटेड<br /> | image_border = <br /> | image_size = 200px<br /> | map_size = 200px<br /> | map_caption = India National Highways Map<br /> | abbreviation = NHIDCL<br /> | location = <br /> | region_served = {{flag|India}} {{flag|Nepal}}<br /> | membership = <br /> | parent_organisation = [[Ministry of Road Transport and Highways]]<br /> | num_staff = <br /> | num_volunteers = <br /> | website = [http://www.nhidcl.com/ www.nhidcl.com]<br /> | Regional Offices = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> The '''National Highways &amp; Infrastructure Development Corporation Limited''' ('''NHIDCL''') is a Central Public Sector Undertaking (CPSU) under the [[Ministry of Road Transport and Highways]], [[Government of India]], set up in 2014 and is responsible for management of a network of over 16,000&amp;nbsp;km of [[National Highway (India)|National Highways]] out of 1,15,000&amp;nbsp;km in India. It is a nodal agency of the [[Ministry of Road Transport and Highways]] (MoRTH). Dr. Krishan Kumar [[Indian Administrative Service|(IAS)]] is the present Managing Director (MD) of NHIDCL since 14 February 2024. <br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> Highways Connectivity corporation. was set up under Act, 2013. The name of the corporation was subsequently changed to National Highways and Infrastructure Development Corporation Ltd. and started functioning w.e.f. 18 July 2014.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.morth.nic.in/nhidcl| title= NHIDCL Ministry of RT&amp;H}}&lt;/ref&gt; It was created to develop, maintain and manage the national highways, strategic roads and other infrastructure of India. It was dedicated to the task of promoting regional connectivity in parts of the country which share international boundaries. It is responsible for the development, maintenance and management of National Highways in hilly terrain of North-East part of India, Andaman &amp; Nicobar Islands, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu &amp; Kashmir, Ladakh, Uttarakhand and West Bengal. It works as a specialised agency in high altitude areas and border areas. Apart from highways, NHIDCL is constructing logistic hubs and transport related infrastructures e.g. [[multimodal transport]] hubs such as bus ports, container depots, automated multilevel car parking etc. Sh. Anand Kumar [[Indian Administrative Service|(IAS)]] was the first Managing Director of NHIDCL in 2014.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://morth.nic.in/sites/default/files/establishment/E1-2014.10.07-%20appointment%20%20of%20Sh,%20Anand%20Kumar,%20as%20MD%20NHIDCL.pdf| title= Appointment of Sh Anand Kumar as MD NHIDCL|date=7 October 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Composition==<br /> * V Umashankar, [[Indian Administrative Service|(IAS)]] Secretary ([[Ministry of Road Transport and Highways|MoRT&amp;H]]) is the ex-officio Chairman of the company. The Board of Directors consists of one Managing Director, Additional Director General is the ex-officio Director (Tech.), one Director (Finance/Administration), three independent part-time Directors and five Executive Directors (Tech.) to oversee timely completion of the projects.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.morth.nic.in/nhidcl| title= NHIDCL Ministry of RT&amp;H}}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> * NHIDCL has 14 Regional Offices (ROs), 46 Project Monitoring Units (PMUs) and about 70 Site Offices (SOs) in 14 States/UTs. ROs are headed by Executive Directors (Projects), PMUs are headed by General Managers/Dy. General Managers, and Site Offices are headed by Managers/Dy. Managers/Project Engineers.<br /> * Below Manager level are Project Engineers who are predominantly responsible for carrying out tasks such as designing, planning, and supervising the construction of highways, tunnels, bridges and other infrastructure projects, ensuring compliance with safety and quality standards, and resolving technical issues related to construction. They work closely with contractors, consultants, and other stakeholders to resolve any issues related to the land acquisition, forest clearance, design, construction, or maintenance of the projects and also ensure that the project is completed within the budget and the given timeline. Project Engineers working at NHIDCL typically have strong technical skills, experience in construction management, and in-depth knowledge of the challenges associated with infrastructure development in extreme weather conditions, including heavy rainfall, snowfall, and high winds, particularly in remote regions of Kashmir or the Northeast. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://nhidcl.com/field-offices/| title= Field Offices-NHIDCL}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Technological Innovation in Road Construction==<br /> As part of modernizing India’s hill road infrastructure, NHIDCL has embraced several technological innovations to improve construction quality, reduce time, and enhance the safety of road users. Some examples include:<br /> * Geospatial Technology (GIS): NHIDCL uses Geographical Information Systems (GIS) for planning and monitoring construction. GIS helps identify optimal routes, map out the terrain, and assess environmental impact.<br /> * Smart Road Design: Incorporating technologies like solar-powered street lights, variable message signs (VMS) and Advanced Traffic Management System (ATMS)<br /> * Drone Surveying: In difficult terrains, NHIDCL sometimes uses drones for aerial surveys to accurately measure distances, monitor construction progress, and capture real-time data from hard-to-reach areas.<br /> * BIM (Building Information Modelling): NHIDCL has been experimenting with BIM for complex infrastructure projects to create digital representations of physical assets and improve project management.<br /> * Green Roads: NHIDCL has begun focusing on eco-friendly roads. This includes the use of recycled materials (such as plastic waste, fly ash, and cold mix asphalt), which reduces the environmental impact. <br /> * Climate Resilience: With increasing incidents of floods and landslides in regions like the Himalayan foothills and northeastern India, NHIDCL is using slope stabilization technologies, drainage improvements, and flood-resistant designs to ensure roads remain functional during and after extreme weather events.<br /> <br /> ==Projects==<br /> [[File:India roadway map.svg|thumb|right|200px|India National Highways Map]]<br /> The NHIDCL (along with BRO) has the task to implement the Special Accelerated Road Development Programme for North Eastern Region (SARDP-NE) in National Highways portion. The SARDP-NE is under implementation in Phases.<br /> <br /> * Phase-A: Approved in 2005, it included about 4,099&amp;nbsp;km length of roads (3,014&amp;nbsp;km of NH and 1,085&amp;nbsp;km of State roads). The SARDP-NE Phase ‘A’ is expected to be completed by 2023-24.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.morth.nic.in/sardp-including-arunachal-pradesh-package| title= SARDP NE MoRTH}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * Phase-B: It covers 3,723&amp;nbsp;km (2,210&amp;nbsp;km NHs and 1,513&amp;nbsp;km of State roads) of road. Phase ‘B’ of SARDP-NE shall be taken up after completion of Phase ‘A’.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.morth.nic.in/sardp-including-arunachal-pradesh-package| title= SARDP NE MoRTH}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> <br /> '''&lt;big&gt;Notable Road Projects&lt;/big&gt;'''<br /> <br /> # Char dham Project: NHIDCL is taking up several mega projects including the Char Dham Project, which is a significant infrastructure initiative in India aimed at improving connectivity and accessibility to four major pilgrimage sites in the Himalayan region, collectively known as the Char Dham. The project focuses on enhancing the road network leading to the sacred shrines of Yamunotri, Gangotri, Kedarnath, and Badrinath, which hold immense religious and cultural significance for Hindus. The project is estimated to cost Rs 12,000 crore.<br /> # Imphal-Moreh Road Project: NHIDCL is responsible for the construction of the 65-km-long Imphal-Moreh road project in Manipur. The road will improve connectivity between India and Myanmar and promote cross-border trade.<br /> # Tawang Road Project: NHIDCL is responsible for the construction of the Tawang road project in Arunachal Pradesh. The road will provide all-weather connectivity to the Tawang district, which is located close to the India-China border.<br /> # Kailash Mansarovar Road Project: NHIDCL is responsible for the construction of the Kailash Mansarovar road project in Uttarakhand. The road will improve connectivity between India and China, and provide a shorter route for the Kailash Mansarovar Yatra.<br /> # SASEC Road Connectivity Project: NHIDCL is implementing the South Asia Subregional Economic Cooperation (SASEC) Road Connectivity Project, which involves the upgradation of around 500&amp;nbsp;km of roads in the North-Eastern region. The project aims to improve connectivity and promote trade and commerce in the region.<br /> # Sikkim and Himalayan Infrastructure: The state of Sikkim is a prime example of where NHIDCL is actively engaged in building roads through steep terrains and high-altitude areas. A large portion of the work involves bridge and tunnel construction, especially along routes that face extreme weather conditions.<br /> <br /> ===Tunnels===<br /> NHIDCL has been constructing tunnels in challenging conditions since its inception. Some of the big tunnel projects are as under:<br /> * [[Zoji-la Tunnel]]: In a strategic push to enhance connectivity and strengthen border infrastructure, India is undertaking the ambitious Zojila Tunnel project near the China border. Nestled amidst the rugged terrain of the Himalayas, the tunnel aims to provide year-round access to the army and residents between Srinagar &amp; Leh. This is the highest tunnel project being taken up in India at a cost of more than Rs.8000 crores. It will be the India's longest road tunnel (13.14 km).<br /> * [[Z-Morh Tunnel]]<br /> * [[Shingo La|Shinkun La]] Tunnel&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.businessworld.in/article/Centre-speeds-up-construction-work-of-Shinku-La-Tunnel/19-09-2020-322214/| title= Centre Speeds Up Construction Work Of Shinku La Tunnel| date= 19 September 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * Silkyara Tunnel<br /> <br /> NHIDCL has also set up a Center of Excellence for Tunnel Studies (CETS).<br /> <br /> ===Bridges===<br /> NHIDCL has been constructing some of the prestigious bridges in challenging conditions since its inception. Some of the notable projects are as under:<br /> * [[Dhubri-Phulbari bridge]]:<br /> This bridge is being constructed across river Brahmaputra on Assam-Meghalaya border. Once complete, it will be the longest bridge in India leaving behind current longest Dhola-Sadiya bridge.<br /> * Mechi Bridge in West Bengal on Indo-Nepal border.<br /> * Maitri Setu (Friendship bridge) in Tripura on Indo-Bangla Border.<br /> * Atal Setu (Rangpo Viaduct) on Sikkim-West Bengal border.<br /> <br /> ===Infrastructure Projects===<br /> Apart from highway projects, NHIDCL has been constructing some mega infrastructure projects also. Some of the notable projects are as under:<br /> * '''Multi Modal Logistic Parks:'''<br /> One such MMLP is being constructed at Jogighopa in the state of Assam. It will have a railway siding, jetty, warehouses, business centres at one place to facilitate freight logistics.<br /> * '''Automated Multi Level Car Parking:'''<br /> One such A-MLCP has been constructed at Transport Bhawan, New Delhi. It is aimed to address parking problem in congested cities.<br /> <br /> ===International presence===<br /> NHIDCL is providing its services of highway and bridge construction in Nepal.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://nhidcl.com/field-offices/| title= Field Offices-NHIDCL}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Initiatives==<br /> Apart from maintaining national highways, NHIDCL has developed internet portals for smooth governance. These include followings:<br /> * [https://www.inampro.nic.in/ INAM Pro+]{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}: It is a web platform for Infrastructure and Materials Providers. The Portal was formally launched on 10 March 2015.<br /> * [https://infracon.nic.in/ INFRACON]: It has been developed as a comprehensive National Portal for Infrastructure Consultancy firms &amp; Key Personnel in order to make the evaluation process during procurement more objective, user friendly and transparent.<br /> * [https://epace.nic.in/ ePACE] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230129125016/https://epace.nic.in/ |date=29 January 2023 }}: It is an online tool to monitor and improve the progress of works at the click of a button.<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> * [[List of national highways in India]]<br /> * [[National Highways Authority of India]]<br /> * [[Expressways of India]]<br /> * [[State highways in India|State Highways (SH)]]<br /> * [[Inland Waterways Authority of India]]<br /> * [[Transport in India]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist|30em}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * [https://nhidcl.com National Highways and Infrastructure Development Corporation]<br /> * [https://morth.gov.in Ministry of Road Transport and Highways]<br /> {{Transport in India}}<br /> {{Indian Highways Network}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Roads in India]]<br /> [[Category:Road authorities]]<br /> [[Category:Ministry of Road Transport and Highways]]<br /> [[Category:National highways of India|Authority]]<br /> [[Category:Government agencies established in 2014]]<br /> [[Category:2014 establishments in Delhi]]<br /> [[Category:Organisations based in Delhi]]<br /> [[Category:Modi administration initiatives]]</div>

Ellen248280 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hari_Narain&diff=502123 2026-04-25T01:26:25Z

<p>Ellen248280: put up</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian geophysicist and former Vice Chancellor of BHU}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=February 2022}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=February 2022}}<br /> {{Infobox officeholder<br /> | office = Vice-Chancellor of Banaras Hindu University<br /> | order = 15th<br /> | image = Professor Hari Narain.jpg<br /> | appointer = [[Neelam Sanjiva Reddy]]<br /> | term_start = 15 May 1978<br /> | term_end = 14 May 1981<br /> | predecessor = [[Moti Lal Dhar]]<br /> | successor = [[Iqbal Narain]]<br /> | alma_mater = [[Allahabad University]] [[Sydney University]] [[ISM Dhanbad]]<br /> | image_size = 120px<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Hari Narain''' (1922 -2011) was a renowned Indian geophysicist and 15th [[Vice-Chancellor of Banaras Hindu University]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=INSA :: Deceased Fellow Detail|url=https://www.insaindia.res.in/detail.php?id=N81-0311|access-date=2022-02-25|website=www.insaindia.res.in}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=INSA :: Archive Detail|url=http://insajournal.in/intranetinsa/deceased_detail.php?id=N81-0311|access-date=2022-02-25|website=insajournal.in}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi|url=https://bhu.ac.in/aboutus/aboutbhu.php|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180925131047/http://www.bhu.ac.in/aboutus/aboutbhu.php|url-status=dead|archive-date=25 September 2018|access-date=2022-02-25|website=bhu.ac.in}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Education ==<br /> Narain did his [[B.Sc.]], [[M.Sc.]], and [[D.Phil]] in 1950 from the [[University of Allahabad]] under [[K. S. Krishnan|KS Krishnan]]. He later earned his [[Doctor of Philosophy|Ph.D.]] from [[Sydney University]] in 1954 and [[D.Sc]] from [[Indian School of Mines, Dhanbad]] in 1978.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> == See also ==<br /> <br /> * [[List of vice-chancellors of Banaras Hindu University]]<br /> * [[Geophysics]]<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{Authority control}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Narain, Hari}}<br /> [[Category:1922 births]]<br /> [[Category:2011 deaths]]<br /> [[Category:Vice-chancellors of Banaras Hindu University]]<br /> [[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in science &amp; engineering]]<br /> <br /> {{Geologist-stub}}</div>

Ellen248280 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bandaru_Sravani_Sree&diff=489494 2026-04-24T23:11:06Z

<p>Ellen248280: created the post w/ infobox...</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian politician (born 1990)}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2024}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=July 2024}}<br /> {{Infobox officeholder<br /> | name = Bandaru Sravani Sree<br /> | image = Bandaru Sravani Sree.jpg<br /> | caption = Bandaru Sravani Sree<br /> | office = [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Member of Legislative Assembly]], [[Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly|Andhra Pradesh]]<br /> | constituency = [[Singanamala Assembly constituency|Singanamala]]<br /> | predecessor = [[Jonnalagadda Padmavathy]]<br /> | term_start = 2024<br /> | birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1990|08|03}}<br /> | party = [[Telugu Desam Party]]<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Bandaru Sravani Sree''' (born 1990)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-07-03 |title=Profile of Bandaru Sravani Sree – MLA of TDP from Singanamala Constituency – hello ap |url=https://helloap.com/profile-of-bandaru-sravani-sree-mla-of-tdp-from-singanamala-constituency/ |access-date=2025-07-14 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; is an Indian politician from [[Andhra Pradesh]]. She was elected as a member of the [[Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] winning the [[2024 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]. She became an MLA for the first time from the [[Singanamala Assembly constituency]] which is reserved for Scheduled Caste community in [[Anantapur district]]. She is a member of the [[Telugu Desam Party]] (TDP).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Singanamala (SC) Constituency Election Results 2024: Singanamala (SC) Assembly Seat Details, MLA Candidates &amp; Winner |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/andhra-pradesh/constituency-show/singanamala |access-date=2025-07-14 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Early life and education ==<br /> Sravani is from Anantapur district, Andhra Pradesh, India. She completed her Master's in Mass Communications in 2013 at [[St Francis College for Women|St. Francis College for Women]] in [[Hyderabad]], Telangana.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Bandaru Sravani Sree(TDP):Constituency- SINGANAMALA (SC)(ANANTAPUR) - Affidavit Information of Candidate |url=https://www.myneta.info/AndhraPradesh2024/candidate.php?candidate_id=35 |access-date=2024-06-04 |website=www.myneta.info}}&lt;/ref&gt; She declared assets of Rs.1 crore in her election affidavit to the Election Commission of India before the 2024 election and she has no record of any criminal cases.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> == Political career ==<br /> Sravani started her political career in 2019 and made an unsuccessful electoral debut contesting from the [[Singanamala Assembly constituency]] as a TDP candidate in the [[2019 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]. She polled 71,802 votes and lost to [[Jonnalagadda Padmavathy]] of the [[YSR Congress Party]] (YSRCP) by a margin of 46,242 votes.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Benjamin |first=Ravi P. |date=2024-07-22 |title=Know Your MLA: Persistence pays dividends for Sravani in Singanamala |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/andhra-pradesh/know-your-mla-persistence-pays-dividends-for-sravani-in-singanamala-893709 |access-date=2025-03-16 |website=www.thehansindia.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Singanamala Election Result 2024 LIVE Updates Highlights: Assembly Winner, Loser, Leading, Trailing, MLA, Margin |url=https://www.news18.com/elections/singanamala-election-result-2024-live-updates-highlights-assembly-winner-loser-leading-trailing-mla-margin-8917551.html |access-date=2025-07-14 |website=News18 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; She made a comeback in 2024 and successfully contested from the same constituency riding on the TDP wave. She won the [[2024 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]], polling 102,957 votes for a share of 49.44 per cent. She defeated her nearest rival, M. Veeranjaneyulu of the [[YSR Congress Party]]. by a margin of 8,788 votes and was elected as the member of Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-06-04 |title=Singanamala, Andhra Pradesh Assembly Election Results 2024 Highlights: TDP's Bandaru Sravani Sree wins Singanamala with 102957 votes |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/assembly/story/singanamala-andhra-pradesh-assembly-election-results-2024-live-updates-2548353-2024-06-04 |access-date=2024-06-04 |website=India Today |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * {{Twitter|bandaru_sravani<br /> }}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Sravani Sree, Bandaru}}<br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:Telugu Desam Party politicians]]<br /> [[Category:21st-century Indian women politicians]]<br /> [[Category:1990 births]]<br /> [[Category:Andhra Pradesh MLAs 2024–2029]]<br /> [[Category:Women members of the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]</div>

Ellen248280 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ram_Rai&diff=529013 2026-04-21T00:00:43Z

<p>Ellen248280: creating new pg</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Ex-communicated son of Guru Har Rai}}<br /> {{Infobox religious biography<br /> | religion = [[Sikhism]]<br /> | name = Ram Rai<br /> | alt = Detail of Ram Rai from a mural depicting Guru&amp;nbsp;Nanak and Ram Rai listening to hymns together under a tree from the Bhai Bahlo Darwaza of the Darbar of Ram Rai in&amp;nbsp;Dehradun, circa pre-1688<br /> | image = Detail of Ram Rai from a mural depicting Guru&amp;nbsp;Nanak and Ram Rai listening to hymns together under a tree from the Bhai Bahlo Darwaza of the Darbar of Ram Rai in&amp;nbsp;Dehradun, circa pre-1688.jpg<br /> | caption = Detail of Ram Rai from a mural depicting Guru&amp;nbsp;Nanak and Ram Rai listening to hymns together under a tree from the Bhai Bahlo Darwaza of the Darbar of Ram Rai in&amp;nbsp;Dehradun, circa pre-1688<br /> | birth_name = <br /> | birth_date = 1645<br /> | birth_place = <br /> | death_date = 1687<br /> | death_place = {{nobr|[[Guru Ram Rai Darbar Sahib]]}}, [[Dehradun]]<br /> | period = <br /> | other_names = Guru Ram Rai<br /> | predecessor = <br /> | successor = <br /> | sect = [[Ramraiya]]<br /> | father = [[Guru Har Rai]]<br /> | mother = Mata Sulakhni<br /> | relatives = [[Guru Har Krishan]] (brother)<br /> | spouse = {{ubl|Raj Kaur (d. 1698)|Maluki (d. 1701)|Panjab Kaur (d. 1742)|Lal Kaur (d. 1698)}}<br /> | children = <br /> | native_name = ਰਾਮ ਰਾਏ<br /> | native_name_lang = pa<br /> | honorific prefix = Baba<br /> | office1 = Head of Ramraiya sect<br /> | predecessor1 = None (founder)<br /> | successor1 = Aud Dass (mahant)<br /> }}<br /> {{Sikhism sidebar}}<br /> <br /> '''Ram Rai''' ([[Gurmukhi]]: ਰਾਮ ਰਾਏ; ''rāma rā'ē''; 1645–1687 or 1689) was the excommunicated eldest son of the seventh [[Sikh gurus|Sikh Guru]], [[Guru Har Rai]], and the founder of the [[Ramraiyas]], an unorthodox and heretical sect in [[Sikhism]], classified as a type of [[Udasi]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/society/history-and-culture/in-the-light-of-the-moon/article30741302.ece|title=In the light of the moon|first=R. V.|last=Smith|newspaper=The Hindu |date=February 5, 2020|via=www.thehindu.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Ram-Raiyas|title=Rām Rāiyā &amp;#124; Sikhism|website=Encyclopedia Britannica}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=Harbans |url=http://archive.org/details/concise-encylopedia-of-sikhism |title=Concise Encyclopedia of Sikhism |date=2013-04-01 |publisher=Punjabi University |pages=537,538}}&lt;/ref&gt; He became an Udasi after being ex-communicated by his father.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Ohri |first=Lokesh |title=Performance Traditions at the Jhanda Saheb Ramlila |url=https://www.sahapedia.org/performance-traditions-the-jhanda-saheb-ramlila |access-date=21 November 2025 |website=Sahapedia}}&lt;/ref&gt; After his excommunication, he founded the [[Guru Ram Rai Darbar Sahib]], a Darbar in [[Dehradun]] which was built in [[Indo-Islamic architecture]] style.&lt;ref&gt;{{harvnb|Jain|Handa|2009|p=37}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[File:Ram Rai meeting Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb and displaying his supposed magical powers.jpg|thumb|Ram Rai (right) meeting Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb (left) and displaying his supposed magical powers. A three-legged goat is depicted between them. Fresco art from Jhanda Sahib, Dehradun.]]<br /> <br /> == Ex-communication ==<br /> After Sikhs assisted the fleeing [[Dara Shikoh]] in the aftermath of the [[Battle of Samugarh]], [[Aurangzeb]] demanded that the Sikh Guru explain his actions.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Takhar |first=Opinderjit Opinderjit |title=Global Sikhs: Histories, Practices and Identities |last2=Jakobsh |first2=Doris R. |publisher=Taylor &amp; Francis |year=2023 |isbn=9781000847352 |series=Routledge Critical Sikh Studies |quote=According to Mahima Prakash Vartak, Guru Har Rai deployed his own troops at the ferry at Goindval to delay Aurangzeb's army, which was pursuing Dara Shikoh at his heels (Bajwa 2004: 161). When the Mughal courtiers reported to Aurangzeb that Guru Har Rai had helped the fugitive prince Dara Shikoh, Aurangzeb asked Raja Jai Singh of Amber to have the Guru summoned to Delhi. The Guru sent instead his elder son, Ram Rai, along with his minister Dargah Mall, who escorted him. In the Mughal court, Ram Rai deliberately misread one of the lines from the Adi Granth and strayed away from the teachings of the Gurus against the performance of miracles. When Guru Har Rai came to know about his elder son's moral lapse, he immediately designated his youngest son, Har Krishan (1656−1664), as his successor before he passed away at Kiratpur on October 6, 1661 CE. This was a direct challenge to Aurangzeb who had kept Ram Rai as hostage in Delhi on the assumption that Ram Rai would be the heir apparent of Guru Har Rai and could be manipulated into bringing the Sikhs under control.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ram Rai was chosen by his father to represent him in the Mughal [[Durbar (court)|darbar]] (court) to explain why he had supported and given refuge to Dara Shikoh, during the Mughal war of succession.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Dhir |first=Krishna S. |title=The Wonder That Is Urdu |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass |year=2022 |isbn=9788120843011 |pages=206}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; During this meeting, the emperor complained that a verse from the ''[[Guru Granth Sahib|Adi Granth]]'' was &quot;anti-Islamic&quot;, in-response to this claim by the emperor, Ram Rai altered the words of the verse, which changed the context, instead of standing firm to his faith entirely. This had pleased the emperor. Ram Rai was excommunicated from the mainstream Sikh community by his father Guru Har Rai, after he learnt that his eldest son had altered [[gurbani]] to please Aurangzeb and nominated his younger son, Har Krishan, as next-in-line for the Sikh [[Guru Gaddi|guruship]] before he died on 6 October 1661.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; This had foiled the plans of the [[Mughal emperor]], who was keeping Ram Rai as a hostage, as he had been hoping that the Sikh guruship would pass onto Ram Rai so that he could enact control over the wider Sikh community by manipulating their titular head.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; He became a favourite of Aurangzeb, purportedly due to his willingness to perform [[Miracle|miracles]] for the Mughal emperor.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=Trilochan |title=Guru Tegh Bahadur, Prophet and Martyr: A Biography |publisher=Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee |year=1967 |pages=312 |chapter=Chapter XXIV}}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> <br /> == Relationship to the later Sikh gurus ==<br /> Ram Rai's brother, [[Guru Har Krishan]], was the eighth of the ten Sikh Gurus.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.dailypioneer.com/2014/state-editions/the-fascinating-tragic-saga-of-baba-ram-rai.html|title=The fascinating, tragic saga of Baba Ram Rai|website=The Pioneer}}&lt;/ref&gt; According to Udasi literature, Ram Rai met his younger brother, Har Krishan, in Delhi. After his younger brother's death, the Udasi writings claim that Ram Rai performed his cremation and immersed his ashes at Haridwar. After doing-so, he went to Dehradun. The Udasi tradition also claims Ram Rai was in Delhi when Guru Tegh Bahadur was executed and that Ram Rai also performed his dismembered body's cremation. Aurangzeb decided to exile Ram Rai to Dehradun to prevent a fight between Ram Rai and Guru Gobind Singh over the Sikh guruship. Ram Rai arrived in Dehradun in 1675 with [[Fateh Shah|Raja Fateh Shah]] of [[Garhwal kingdom|Garhwal]], who bestowed him with seven villages in the [[Doon Valley]]. In the valley, Ram Rai established his ''[[Dera (organisation)|dera]]'' (camp), which led to the founding of [[Dehradun]]. Ram Rai always remained at Dehradun and only left after Guru Gobind Singh invited him for a meeting at [[Paonta Sahib|Paonta]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt; Ram Rai constructed Gurdwara Chubacha Sahib in Dharampura, Lahore district, where he believed [[Guru Nanak]] had stayed.&lt;ref name=&quot;:022&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Butalia |first=Tarunjit Singh |url=https://jeevaysanjhapunjab.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/Sikh-Historical-Shrines-in-Pakistan-Lahore-District.pdf |title=Sikh Historical Shrines in Pakistan: Lahore District |date=April 2025 |publisher=Jeevay Sanjha Punjab |edition=1st |pages=14 |chapter=}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Forgiveness ==<br /> According to Sikh accounts, by the time of [[Guru Gobind Singh]]'s time on the ''[[Guru Gaddi|gurgaddi]],'' Ram Rai had become remorseful of his actions and asked to meet the 10th guru of the Sikhs, after learning about the exploits of the guru in 1685 at [[Sirmur State|Sirmaur state]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Singh |first=Harinder |date=8 March 2017 |title=The Next Panjab Kaur |url=https://sikhri.org/articles/the-next-panjab-kaur |access-date=2023-05-15 |website=Sikh Research Institute |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; However, any proposed meeting would have to be conducted in relative secrecy as the ''[[Masand|masands]]'' of Ram Rai were overzealous against any potential reconciliation between Ram Rai and the mainstream Sikhs.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt; A meeting between the two is said to have taken place between [[Dehradun]] and [[Paonta Sahib]] on the banks of the river [[Yamuna]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt; Another version states that the two met on a boat in the middle of the Yamuna river to settle their differences.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt; The guru forgave Ram Rai for his past transgressions.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt; As a result, it is said Ram Rai left no heir apparent to lead his sect after him.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> == Marriages ==<br /> <br /> He had four wives, Raj Kaur (d. 1698), Maluki (d. 1701), Panjab Kaur (d. 1742), and Lal Kaur (d. 1698).&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Kamboj |first=B. P. |title=Early Wall Painting of Garhwal |publisher=Indus Publishing |year=2003 |isbn=9788173871399 |pages=26–29}}&lt;/ref&gt; All four of his wives have [[Samadhi (shrine)|samadhs]] (cenotaphs) located in Dehradun.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Siddiqui |first=Shahla |date=Jul 2, 2015 |title=The tomb of the mothers |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/dehradun/the-tomb-of-the-mothers/articleshow/47915859.cms |access-date=22 November 2025 |work=Times of India}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> == Death ==<br /> Historical accounts, such as ''Shahid Bilas'' by Sewa Singh blame the demise of Ram Rai on a masand named Gurbakhsh, who, along with other masands, is recorded as burning Ram Rai alive while he was meditating in September 1687.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt; However, Lokesh Ohri states that Ram Rai died in 1689.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt; The motive for the murder was to capture his wealth and property.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> Guru Gobind Singh intervened to have Panjab Kaur take over the affairs of the dera.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt; Ram Rai's remains were subsequently cremated against his widow's, Panjab Kaur's, wishes.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt; After his death, he was succeeded as head of the sect by either [[mahant]] Aud Dass&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; or Har Prasad,&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; the successor was helped by Ram Rai's widow, Panjab Kaur.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Mahants &amp; Gurus, Darbar Shri Guru Ram Rai Ji Maharaj − Dehradun |url=http://www.sgrrdarbar.org/shri-mahants.aspx |access-date=2022-08-20 |website=www.sgrrdarbar.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{Efn|According to the tradition of the Guru Ram Rai Darbar Sahib, Aud Das was the successor to Ram Rai. However, Henry George Walton in the ''British Garhwal: A Gazetteer'', regards Har Prasad as the successor.|group=note}} Gurbakhsh became a pretender to the Ramraiya guruship at the Lahore ''[[ashram]]'' and later clashed with Khalsa Sikhs.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> Aurangzeb sent craftsmen to construct a mausoleum for Ram Rai.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt; Panjab Kaur oversaw the construction work of the structure, which was completed in 1707.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt; It was decorated in Mughal-style paintings of floral motifs and calligraphy and surrounded by Mughal gateways.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> == Notes ==<br /> {{Notelist|group=note}}<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==Bibliography==<br /> *{{cite book |last1=Jain |first1=Madhu |last2=Handa |first2=Omacanda |author-link= |date=July 2009|title=Art and Architecture of Uttarakhand |url= |location= |publisher=Pentagon Press |page= |isbn=9788182744172}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> {{Portal|India|Biography}}<br /> *[http://sgrrdarbar.org/history.aspx Guru Ram Rai Darbar Sahib − History]<br /> <br /> {{Sikhism|state=collapsed}}<br /> <br /> {{Authority control}}<br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Rai, Ram}}<br /> [[Category:Sikh warriors]]<br /> [[Category:1645 births]]<br /> [[Category:1687 deaths]]<br /> [[Category:17th-century Indian people]]</div>

Ellen248280 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Andanallur_Assembly_constituency&diff=486436 2026-04-19T08:57:10Z

<p>Ellen248280: created first entry from scratch</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Former legislative Assembly constituency in Andhra Pradesh, India}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}<br /> {{Infobox Indian constituency<br /> | type = SLA<br /> | map_image = <br /> | established = 1957<br /> | district = [[Tiruchirappalli]]<br /> | loksabha_cons = | state = [[Tamil Nadu]]<br /> | party=[[Indian National Congress|INC]]<br /> | mla = Annamalai Muthuraja<br /> | name = Andanallur<br /> | electors = 88,953<br /> | reservation = None<br /> | abolished = 1962<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Andanallur''' is a former [[Legislative Assembly of Tamil Nadu|state assembly]] constituency in [[Tiruchirappalli district]] in [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]].<br /> <br /> == Members of the Legislative Assembly ==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> ! Year<br /> ! Winner<br /> ! colspan=&quot;2&quot;| Party<br /> |-<br /> | [[1962 Madras Legislative Assembly election|1962]]<br /> | [[A. Chinnathurai Ambalakaran]]<br /> | {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[1957 Madras Legislative Assembly election|1957]]<br /> | Annamalai Muthuraja<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == Election results ==<br /> {{bar box<br /> |float=right<br /> |title= Vote share of winning candidates<br /> |titlebar=#ddd<br /> |width=300px<br /> |barwidth=275px<br /> |bars=<br /> {{bar percent|[[#1962|1962]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|58.29}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[#1957|1957]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|62.42}}<br /> }}<br /> <br /> ===1962===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1962 Madras Legislative Assembly election]]: Andanallur&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | last = Election Commission of India |title=Statistical Report on General Election 1962 |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Madras_1962.pdf |access-date= 19 April 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130127201143/https://eci.gov.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Madras_1962.pdf |archive-date=27 Jan 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[A. Chinnathurai Ambalakaran]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=32,580 |percentage=58.29% |change=-4.13% }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. P. Annavi |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=20,970 |percentage=37.52% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=P. Periasamy |party=Tamil National Party |votes=1,655 |percentage=2.96% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=V. Anganna Chettiar |party=Independent politician |votes=459 |percentage=0.82% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=A. Maria Arokiam |party=Independent politician |votes=233 |percentage=0.42% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=11,610 |percentage=20.77% |change=-17.15% }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=55,897 |percentage=64.30% |change= 23.71% }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 88,953 |change = }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= -4.13% }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===1957===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1957 Madras Legislative Assembly election]]: Andanallur&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | last = Election Commission of India| title=Statistical Report on General Election 1957 | url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_Madras_1957.pdf | access-date=2015-07-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130127200447/https://eci.gov.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_Madras_1957.pdf |archive-date=27 Jan 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=Annamalai Muthuraja |party=Indian National Congress |votes=21,444 |percentage=62.42% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=E. P. Mathuram |party=Independent politician |votes=8,417 |percentage=24.50% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=A. Rajagopalam |party=Independent politician |votes=4,496 |percentage=13.09% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=13,027 |percentage=37.92% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=34,357 |percentage=40.60% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 84,629 |change = }}<br /> {{Election box new seat win |winner=Indian National Congress |loser= |swing= }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * {{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/ElectionStatistics.asp |title=Statistical reports of assembly elections |access-date=8 July 2010 |publisher=Election Commission of India |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101005110118/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/ElectionStatistics.asp |archive-date=5 October 2010 }}<br /> <br /> {{Defunct assembly constituencies of Tamil Nadu}}<br /> {{coords|10.87|78.59|display=title}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Tiruchirappalli district]]<br /> [[Category:Former assembly constituencies of Tamil Nadu]]<br /> [[Category:Politics of Tamil Nadu]]<br /> [[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1957]]<br /> [[Category:1957 establishments in Madras State]]<br /> [[Category:Constituencies disestablished in 1962]]<br /> [[Category:1962 disestablishments in India]]</div>

Ellen248280 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nagod_Assembly_constituency&diff=519957 2026-04-19T08:41:22Z

<p>Ellen248280: new</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Constituency of the Madhya Pradesh legislative assembly in India}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}<br /> {{Infobox Indian constituency<br /> | name = Nagod<br /> | type = SLA<br /> | constituency_no = 64<br /> | map_image = 64-Nagod.svg<br /> | mla = [[Nagendra Singh (politician, born 1943)|Nagendra Singh]]<br /> | party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]<br /> | latest_election_year = [[2023 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2023]]<br /> | preceded_by = [[Yadvendra Singh]]<br /> | state = [[Madhya Pradesh]]<br /> | district = [[Satna district|Satna]]<br /> | loksabha_cons = [[Satna (Lok Sabha constituency)|Satna]]<br /> | established = 1951<br /> | reservation = None<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Nagod Assembly constituency''' is one of the 230 [[Madhya Pradesh Vidhan Sabha|Vidhan Sabha]] (Legislative Assembly) constituencies of [[Madhya Pradesh]] state in central [[India]].&lt;ref name=eci1&gt;{{cite web|url=http://ceomadhyapradesh.nic.in/DACList.aspx|title=District/Assembly List|publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Madhya Pradesh website|access-date=23 March 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151201083311/http://ceomadhyapradesh.nic.in/(S(4ftawu55w1soru45gswzuz55))/DACList.aspx|archive-date=1 December 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; This constituency came into existence in 1951, as one of the 48 Vidhan Sabha constituencies of the erstwhile [[Vindhya Pradesh]] state,&lt;ref name=eci2&gt;{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/StatRep_51_VP.pdf|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1951 to the Legislative Assembly of Vindhya Pradesh|page=5|publisher=Election Commission of India website|access-date=2011-03-23|archive-date=2014-02-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140228151826/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/StatRep_51_VP.pdf|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; but it was abolished in 1956. It again came into existence in 1966, following the delimitation of the legislative assembly constituencies.<br /> <br /> ==Overview==<br /> Nagod (constituency number 64) is one of the seven Vidhan Sabha constituencies located in [[Satna district]]. This constituency covers the entire Unchehara [[tehsil]], Nagod [[nagar panchayat]] and part of Nagod tehsil of the district.&lt;ref name=&quot;ceo&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf|title=Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008|publisher=The Election Commission of India|pages=232, 250|access-date=2011-03-23|archive-date=2010-10-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101005180821/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Nagod is part of [[Satna (Lok Sabha constituency)|Satna Lok Sabha constituency]] along with six other Vidhan Sabha segments of this district, namely, [[Chitrakoot, Madhya Pradesh Assembly constituency|Chitrakoot]], [[Raigaon Assembly constituency|Raigaon]], [[Satna Assembly constituency|Satna]], [[Amarpatan Assembly constituency|Amarpatan]], [[Maihar Assembly constituency|Maihar]] and [[Rampur-Baghelan Assembly constituency|Rampur-Baghelan]].&lt;ref name=&quot;ceo&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Members of Legislative Assembly==<br /> <br /> === Vindhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly ===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> !Election<br /> !Member<br /> ! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Party<br /> |-<br /> | [[1952 Vindhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1951]]<br /> | Gopal Saran Singh<br /> |{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |}<br /> <br /> === Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly ===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> !Election<br /> !Member<br /> ! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Party<br /> |-<br /> | [[1967 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1967]]<br /> | V. Prasad<br /> |{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[1972 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1972]]<br /> | Bala Prasad<br /> |-<br /> | [[1977 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1977]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Nagendra Singh (politician, born 1943)|Nagendra Singh]]<br /> | {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[1980 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1980]]<br /> | {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=10}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[1985 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1985]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Ram Pratap Singh]]<br /> |-<br /> | [[1990 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1990]]<br /> |-<br /> | [[1993 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1993]]<br /> | Ram Dev Singh<br /> |-<br /> | [[1998 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1998]]<br /> | [[Ram Pratap Singh]]<br /> |-<br /> | [[2003 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2003]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Nagendra Singh (politician, born 1943)|Nagendra Singh]]<br /> |-<br /> | [[2008 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2008]]<br /> |-<br /> | [[2013 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2013]]<br /> |[[Yadvendra Singh]]<br /> |-<br /> | [[2018 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2018]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Nagendra Singh (politician, born 1943)|Nagendra Singh]]<br /> |-<br /> | [[2023 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2023]]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Election results==<br /> === 2023 ===<br /> {{Election box begin | title=[[2023 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Nagod&lt;ref name=&quot;election2023&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Madhya Pradesh General Legislative Election 2023 Statistical Report |url=https://www.eci.gov.in/mp-legislative-election-2023-statistical-report |website=[[Election Commission of India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link<br /> |candidate = [[Nagendra Singh (politician, born 1943)|Nagendra Singh]]<br /> |party = Bharatiya Janata Party<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:70712}}<br /> |percentage = 38.59<br /> |change = +6.07<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |candidate = [[Yadvendra Singh]]<br /> |party = Bahujan Samaj Party<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:53343}}<br /> |percentage = 29.11<br /> |change = +15.76<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |candidate = Rashmi Patel<br /> |party = Indian National Congress<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:50282}}<br /> |percentage = 27.44<br /> |change = -4.35<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = Vindhya Janta Party<br /> |candidate = Suraj Singh Koni<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:2003}}<br /> |percentage = 1.09<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = None of the above<br /> |candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:1608}}<br /> |percentage = 0.88<br /> |change = -0.49<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box majority<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:17369}}<br /> |percentage = 9.48<br /> |change = +8.75<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box turnout<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:183248}}<br /> |percentage = 76.43<br /> |change = -1.69<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link<br /> |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party<br /> |loser = <br /> |swing = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === 2018 ===<br /> {{Election box begin<br /> |title = [[2018 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Nagod&lt;ref name=&quot;election2018&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Madhya Pradesh General Legislative Election 2018 Statistical Report|url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/9685-madhya-pradesh-legislative-election-2018-statistical-report/ |website=[[Election Commission of India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link<br /> |party = Bharatiya Janata Party<br /> |candidate = [[Nagendra Singh (politician, born 1943)|Nagendra Singh]]<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:54637}}<br /> |percentage = 32.52<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = Indian National Congress<br /> |candidate = [[Yadvendra Singh]]<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:53403}}<br /> |percentage = 31.79<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = Independent<br /> |candidate = Rashmi Singh Arunendra Singh<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:25700}}<br /> |percentage = 15.3<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = Bahujan Samaj Party<br /> |candidate = Rambihari<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:22428}}<br /> |percentage = 13.35<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = Gondwana Ganatantra Party<br /> |candidate = Ramsajeevan Kol<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:1934}}<br /> |percentage = 1.15<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = None of the above<br /> |candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:2301}}<br /> |percentage = 1.37<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box majority<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:1234}}<br /> |percentage = 0.73<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box turnout<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:167994}}<br /> |percentage = 78.12<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link<br /> |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party<br /> |loser = <br /> |swing = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> * [[Nagod]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{Assembly constituencies of Madhya Pradesh}}<br /> {{coord|24.57|80.58|display=title}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Satna district]]<br /> [[Category:Assembly constituencies of Madhya Pradesh]]<br /> [[Category:Politics of Madhya Pradesh]]<br /> [[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1951]]</div>

Ellen248280 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fareed_Mahfooz_Kidwai&diff=498897 2026-04-19T07:55:44Z

<p>Ellen248280: created first details initial version</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian politician}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=June 2024}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=June 2024}}<br /> {{Infobox officeholder<br /> | name = Fareed Mahfooz Kidwai<br /> | image =<br /> | alt = <br /> | caption = <br /> | office1 = Member of the [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]<br /> | constituency1 = [[Ram Nagar, Uttar Pradesh Assembly constituency|Ram Nagar]]<br /> | term_start1 = 10 March 2022<br /> | term_end1 = <br /> | predecessor1 = [[Sharad Kumar Awasthi]]<br /> | successor1 = <br /> | constituency2 = [[Kursi (Assembly constituency)|Kursi constituency]]<br /> | term_start2 = 2012<br /> | term_end2 = 2017<br /> | predecessor2 = <br /> | successor2 = [[Sakendra Pratap Verma]]<br /> | constituency3 = Masauli<br /> | term_start3 = 2007<br /> | term_end3 = 2012<br /> | predecessor3 = <br /> | successor3 = <br /> | birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=y|1944|07|18}}<br /> | birth_place = [[Barabanki district|Masauli]], [[United Provinces (1937–1950)|United Provinces]], [[British India]]<br /> | birth_name = <br /> | spouse = {{Marriage|Salma Kidwai|15 January 1977}}<br /> | children = 2<br /> | father = <br /> | relatives = <br /> | party = [[Samajwadi Party]] (2011 - present)<br /> | other_party = [[Bahujan Samaj Party]] (till 2011)<br /> | occupation = <br /> | profession = Agriculturalist<br /> | alma_mater = [[Aligarh Muslim University]] ([[Master of Science|M.Sc]] Biology, 1966)<br /> | relations = <br /> }}<br /> '''Fareed Mahfooz Kidwai''' (born 18 July 1944) is an Indian politician and a member of [[18th Uttar Pradesh Assembly|18th Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh]] representing [[Ram Nagar, Uttar Pradesh Assembly constituency|Ram Nagar]] since March 2022.&lt;ref name=&quot;MyNeta&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ECI&quot;/&gt; He is a member of the [[Samajwadi Party]].&lt;ref name=&quot;MyNeta&quot;/&gt; Kidwai had previously represented Masauli as a member of [[Bahujan Samaj Party]] in the [[2007 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|15th]], and [[Kursi (Assembly constituency)|Kursi]] in the [[16th Uttar Pradesh Assembly]] as a Samajwadi Party candidate.&lt;ref name=&quot;Zee&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Kursi&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Personal life==<br /> Kidwai was born to Mahfooz Ahmad in Masauli village of [[Barabanki district]] on 18 July 1944. He completed his [[Master of Science]] in [[biology]] from [[Aligarh Muslim University]] in 1966. He married Salma Kidwai on 15 January 1977, with whom he has two sons. Kidwai hails from [[Zaidpur]] town of [[Uttar Pradesh]] and is an agriculturalist by profession.&lt;ref name=&quot;MyNeta&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Fareed Mahfooz Kidwai (Samajwadi Party(SP)): Constituency - Ram Nagar (Barabanki) - Affidavit Information of Candidate |url=https://myneta.info/uttarpradesh2022/candidate.php?candidate_id=3126 |website=myneta.info |access-date=17 March 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=री फरीद महफूज किदवई |url=https://uplegisassembly.gov.in/Members/main_members_en.aspx#/Data/18267/18 |work=Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly |access-date=13 May 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Political career==<br /> As a member of [[Bahujan Samaj Party]], Kidwai was elected as the [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Member of Legislative Assembly]] from Masauli constituency in the [[2007 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]], after he defeated IJP's Rakesh Kumar Verma by 5,364 votes.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Fareed Mahfooz Kidwai (Bahujan Samaj Party(BSP)):Constituency- Masauli (Barabanki) - Affidavit Information of Candidate |url=https://myneta.info/up2007/candidate.php?candidate_id=249 |website=myneta.info |access-date=17 March 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Uttar Pradesh Assembly Election Results in 2007 |url=https://www.elections.in/uttar-pradesh/assembly-constituencies/2007-election-results.html |website=Election Commission of India |access-date=17 March 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; However, in 2011, before completion of the five-year term, Kidwai left Bahujan Samaj Party to rejoin [[Samajwadi Party]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Zee&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title=BSP MLA Fareed Mahfooz Kidwai deserts party, joins SP |url=https://zeenews.india.com/news/uttar-pradesh/bsp-mla-fareed-mahfooz-kidwai-deserts-party-joins-sp_705199.html |access-date=17 March 2022 |work=Zee News |date=9 May 2011 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Representing [[Kursi (Assembly constituency)|Kursi constituency]] in the [[2012 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2012 election]], Kidwai was able to defeat Bahujan Samaj Party's Kumari Meeta Gautam by a margin of 23,937 votes.&lt;ref name=&quot;Kursi&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Kursi Assembly Constituency Election Result 2022 - Candidates, MLAs, Live Updates &amp; News |url=https://www.elections.in/uttar-pradesh/assembly-constituencies/kursi.html |website=Election Commission of India |access-date=5 June 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=भदौरिया |first1=योगेश |title=Kursi Assembly Seat: 2012 में दौड़ी साइकिल, 2017 में खिला कमल, जानिए अब 2022 में क्या हैं सियासी समीकरण |trans-title=Kursi Assembly Seat: Cycle ran in 2012, Lotus bloomed in 2017, know now what are the political equations in 2022|url=https://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/uttar-pradesh/news/sp-won-kursi-assembly-seat-in-2012-bjp-won-in-2017-know-what-are-the-political-equations-in-2022/articleshow/89813702.cms |access-date=17 March 2022 |work=Navbharat Times |date=25 February 2022 |language=hi}}&lt;/ref&gt; But in the [[2017 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2017 election]], an incumbent Kidwai lost to [[Bharatiya Janta Party]] candidate Sakendra Pratap Verma by margin of 28,679 votes.&lt;ref name=&quot;Kursi&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> In the [[2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]], Kidwai, representing [[Samajwadi Party]] as a candidate from [[Ram Nagar, Uttar Pradesh Assembly constituency|Ram Nagar constituency]], went on to defeat [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]'s incumbent [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]] [[Sharad Kumar Awasthi]] by a small margin of 261 votes.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Ram Nagar, Uttar Pradesh Assembly Election Results 2022 LIVE Updates: SP's Fareed Mahfooz Kidwai with 98799 defeats BJP's Sharad Kumar Awasthi |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/story/ram-nagar-uttar-pradesh-assembly-election-results-2022-live-updates-1923296-2022-03-09 |access-date=29 September 2023 |work=India Today |date=7 April 2022 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ECI&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Uttar Pradesh-Ram Nagar |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenMar2022/ConstituencywiseS24267.htm?ac=267 |website=Election Commission of India |access-date=17 March 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Ram Nagar Election Result 2022 LIVE Updates: Fareed Mahfooz Kidwai of SP Wins |url=https://www.news18.com/news/politics/ram-nagar-election-result-2022-live-updates-winner-loser-leading-trailing-mla-margin-4850357.html |access-date=17 March 2022 |work=News18 |date=11 March 2022 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Kidwai, Fareed Mahfooz}}<br /> [[Category:1944 births]]<br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:Samajwadi Party politicians from Uttar Pradesh]]<br /> [[Category:Uttar Pradesh MLAs 2007–2012]]<br /> [[Category:Uttar Pradesh MLAs 2012–2017]]<br /> [[Category:Uttar Pradesh MLAs 2022–2027]]<br /> [[Category:People from Barabanki district]]<br /> [[Category:Aligarh Muslim University alumni]]</div>

Ellen248280 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nari-Koyu_Assembly_constituency&diff=520628 2026-04-18T23:41:50Z

<p>Ellen248280: added</p> <hr /> <div>{{short description|Legislative Assembly constituency in Arunachal Pradesh state, India}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=January 2019}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=January 2019}}<br /> {{Infobox Indian constituency<br /> |name = Nari-Koyu<br /> |district = [[Lower Siang district|Lower Siang]]<br /> |state = [[Arunachal Pradesh]]<br /> | loksabha_cons = [[Arunachal East (Lok Sabha constituency)|Arunachal East]]<br /> | established = 1990<br /> | reservation = ST<br /> | map_image = Nari-Koyu Assembly constituency map.svg<br /> |type= SLA<br /> | constituency_no = 36<br /> |mla = Tojir Kadu <br /> |party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]<br /> | latest_election_year = [[2024 Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2024]]<br /> |electors = 8,220<br /> }}<br /> '''Nari-Koyu''' is one of the 60 [[Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]] constituencies of [[Arunachal Pradesh]] state in [[India]].&lt;ref name=apceo&gt;{{cite web |url=http://164.100.150.3/ceoweb_bk/ACPCList.htm |title=AC &amp; PC List- Jharkhand |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191218152343/http://164.100.150.3/ceoweb_bk/ACPCList.htm |archive-date=18 December 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; It is in [[Lower Siang district]] and is reserved for candidates belonging to the [[Scheduled Tribes]].&lt;ref name=delimitation2008&gt;{{cite web |title=Schedule – XIII of Constituencies Order, 2008 of Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly constituencies |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101005180821/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf |archive-date=5 October 2010 |access-date=13 October 2021 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Member of Legislative Assembly==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Year<br /> !Member<br /> !colspan=2|Party<br /> |- <br /> | [[1990 Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1990]] || Tako Eabi || {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal}}<br /> |- <br /> | [[1995 Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1995]] || rowspan=4 | Tako Dabi&lt;ref name=&quot;16 Arunachal ministers, Parliamentary secretaries lose in assembly polls&quot;&gt;{{cite news |date=17 May 2014 |title=16 Arunachal ministers, Parliamentary secretaries lose in assembly polls |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/16-arunachal-ministers-parliamentary-secretaries-lose-in-assembly-polls/articleshow/35253733.cms?from=mdr |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250520164113/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/16-arunachal-ministers-parliamentary-secretaries-lose-in-assembly-polls/articleshow/35253733.cms?from=mdr |archive-date=20 May 2025 |access-date=20 May 2025 |publisher=The Economic Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;|| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=4}}<br /> |- <br /> | [[1999 Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1999]] <br /> |- <br /> | [[2004 Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2004]] <br /> |- <br /> | [[2009 Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2009]] <br /> |- <br /> | [[2014 Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2014]] || rowspan=2 | [[Kento Rina]] || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=3}}<br /> |- <br /> | [[2019 Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2019]] <br /> |- <br /> | [[2024 Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2024]] || [[Tojir Kadu]] <br /> |}<br /> <br /> == Election results ==<br /> ===Assembly Election 2024 ===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[2024 Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]] : Nari-Koyu&lt;ref name=&quot;Nari-Koyu (ST) Constituency Election Results 2024&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title=Nari-Koyu (ST) Constituency Election Results 2024 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/arunachal-pradesh/constituency-show/nari-koyu |accessdate=27 May 2025 |publisher=The Times of India |date=2 June 2024 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250527161847/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/arunachal-pradesh/constituency-show/nari-koyu |archivedate=27 May 2025 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Arunachal Pradesh Assembly Election Results 2024 - Nari-Koyu&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title=Arunachal Pradesh Assembly Election Results 2024 - Nari-Koyu |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/AcResultGen2ndJune2024/candidateswise-S0236.htm |accessdate=27 May 2025 |publisher=Election Commission of India |date=2 June 2024 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250527161916/https://results.eci.gov.in/AcResultGen2ndJune2024/candidateswise-S0236.htm |archivedate=27 May 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Nari-Koyu Assembly Election Result 2024: Tojir Kadu of BJP wins&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title=Nari-Koyu Assembly Election Result 2024: Tojir Kadu of BJP wins |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/itanagar/nari-koyu-assembly-election-results-2024-nari-koyu-arunachal-pradesh-elections-poll-result-winner/articleshow/110633505.cms |accessdate=27 May 2025 |publisher=The Times of India |date=2 June 2024 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250527161922/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/itanagar/nari-koyu-assembly-election-results-2024-nari-koyu-arunachal-pradesh-elections-poll-result-winner/articleshow/110633505.cms |archivedate=27 May 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Tojir Kadu]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=4,545 |percentage=60.59% |change={{increase}}23.32 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Gegong Apang]] |party=Arunachal Democratic Party |votes=2,896 |percentage=38.61% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes=60 |percentage=0.80% |change={{increase}}0.28 }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,649 |percentage=21.98% |change= {{increase}}18.75 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=7,501 |percentage=91.25% |change= {{increase}}2.64 }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 8,220 |ref = |change= {{increase}}9.08 }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser=Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= {{increase}}23.32 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===Assembly Election 2019 ===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[2019 Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]] : Nari-Koyu&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/11675-arunachal-pradesh-legislative-assembly-election-2019/ |title=Arunachal Pradesh General Legislative Election 2019 - Arunachal Pradesh - Election Commission of India |website=eci.gov.in |date= |author= |accessdate= 24 January 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Kento Rina]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=2,489 |percentage=37.27% |change={{decrease}}15.62 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Tojir Kadu]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=2,273 |percentage=34.04% |change={{decrease}}12.55 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Karto Kaye |party=National People's Party (India) |votes=1,881 |percentage=28.17% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes=35 |percentage=0.52% |change={{increase}}0.01 }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=216 |percentage=3.23% |change= {{decrease}}3.07 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=6,678 |percentage=88.61% |change= {{decrease}}0.07 }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 7,536 |ref = |change= {{increase}}8.31 }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser=Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= {{decrease}}15.62 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> ===Assembly Election 2014 ===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[2014 Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]] : Nari-Koyu&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2009 to the Legislative Assembly of Arunachal Pradesh |url=https://eci.gov.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2014/Stat_Rep_Arunachal_Pradesh_2014.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210813080618/https://eci.gov.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2014/Stat_Rep_Arunachal_Pradesh_2014.pdf|archive-date=13 August 2021|access-date=15 February 2024|format=pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Kento Rina]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=3,264 |percentage=52.89% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Tako Dabi |party=Indian National Congress |votes=2,875 |percentage=46.59% |change={{decrease}}9.54 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes=32 |percentage=0.52% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=389 |percentage=6.30% |change= {{decrease}}5.95 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=6,171 |percentage=88.69% |change= {{increase}}0.36 }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 6,958 |ref = |change= {{increase}}1.52 }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> ===Assembly Election 2009 ===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[2009 Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]] : Nari-Koyu&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2009 to the Legislative Assembly of Arunachal Pradesh |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2009/stat_AR_Aug2009.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170404184244/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2009/stat_AR_Aug2009.pdf|archive-date=4 April 2017|access-date=15 February 2024|format=pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Tako Dabi |party=Indian National Congress |votes=3,398 |percentage=56.13% |change={{increase}}15.94 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Kenyir Ringu |party=Nationalist Congress Party |votes=2,656 |percentage=43.87% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=742 |percentage=12.26% |change= {{increase}}7.87 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=6,054 |percentage=88.33% |change= {{increase}}5.64 }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 6,854 |ref = |change= {{increase}}15.66 }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> ===Assembly Election 2004 ===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[2004 Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]] : Nari-Koyu&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2004 to the Legislative Assembly of Arunachal Pradesh |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2004/StatisticalReports_AR_2004.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180324145008/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2004/StatisticalReports_AR_2004.pdf|archive-date=24 March 2018|access-date=15 February 2024|format=pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Tako Dabi |party=Indian National Congress |votes=1,969 |percentage=40.18% |change={{decrease}}27.82 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Karto Kaye |party=Independent politician |votes=1,754 |percentage=35.80% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Tanya Dabi |party=Arunachal Congress |votes=923 |percentage=18.84% |change={{decrease}}13.03 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Kojum Koyu |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=254 |percentage=5.18% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=215 |percentage=4.39% |change= {{decrease}}31.75 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=4,900 |percentage=80.76% |change= {{increase}}2.57 }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 5,926 |ref = |change= {{increase}}7.82 }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}27.82 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> ===Assembly Election 1999 ===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1999 Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]] : Nari-Koyu&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1999 to the Legislative Assembly of Arunachal Pradesh |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1999/StatisticalReport-AR99.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180324144934/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1999/StatisticalReport-AR99.pdf |archive-date=24 March 2018|access-date=15 February 2024|format=pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Tako Dabi |party=Indian National Congress |votes=2,994 |percentage=68.00% |change={{increase}}18.14 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Tajum Ringu |party=Arunachal Congress |votes=1,403 |percentage=31.86% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,591 |percentage=36.13% |change= {{increase}}30.48 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=4,403 |percentage=81.26% |change= {{decrease}}6.15 }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 5,496 |ref = |change= {{increase}}21.40 }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> ===Assembly Election 1995 ===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1995 Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]] : Nari-Koyu&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1995 to the Legislative Assembly of Arunachal Pradesh |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1995/StatisticalReport-AR95.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180324144239/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1995/StatisticalReport-AR95.pdf|archive-date=24 March 2018|access-date=15 February 2024|format=pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Tako Dabi |party=Indian National Congress |votes=1,947 |percentage=49.86% |change={{decrease}}0.04 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Tanya Dabi |party=Independent politician |votes=1,726 |percentage=44.20% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Yomri Riba |party=Independent politician |votes=215 |percentage=5.51% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=221 |percentage=5.66% |change= {{increase}}5.45 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=3,905 |percentage=86.92% |change= {{increase}}3.73 }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 4,527 |ref = |change= {{increase}}28.21 }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Janata Dal |swing= }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> ===Assembly Election 1990 ===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1990 Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]] : Nari-Koyu&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1990 to the Legislative Assembly of Arunachal Pradesh |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1990/Statistical%20Report%20Arunachal%20Pradesh%201990.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180324144123/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1990/Statistical%20Report%20Arunachal%20Pradesh%201990.pdf|archive-date=24 March 2018|access-date=15 February 2024|format=pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Tako Eabi |party=Janata Dal |votes=1,460 |percentage=50.10% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Tanya Dabi |party=Indian National Congress |votes=1,454 |percentage=49.90% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=6 |percentage=0.21% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=2,914 |percentage=83.12% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 3,531 |ref = |change= }}<br /> {{Election box new seat win |winner=Janata Dal |loser= |swing= }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> *[[List of constituencies of Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]<br /> *[[Lower Siang district]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{Assembly constituencies of Arunachal Pradesh}}<br /> <br /> {{coord|27.800|95.045|display=title}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Lower Siang district]]<br /> [[Category:Assembly constituencies of Arunachal Pradesh]]<br /> [[Category:Politics of Arunachal Pradesh]]<br /> [[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1990]]<br /> [[Category:1990 establishments in Arunachal Pradesh]]</div>

Ellen248280 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mundhal_Khurd_Assembly_constituency&diff=519064 2026-04-15T23:48:56Z

<p>Ellen248280: new</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Constituency of the Haryana legislative assembly in India}}<br /> <br /> {{Infobox Indian constituency<br /> | name = Mundhal Khurd Assembly constituency<br /> | type = SLA<br /> | map_caption = Mundhal<br /> | state = [[Haryana]]<br /> | established = 1967<br /> | abolished = 2005<br /> | electors = 1,26,496<br /> | mla = Ranbir Singh Mahendra<br /> | party = {{Party index link|Indian National Congress}}<br /> | constituency_no = <br /> | latest_election_year = [[2005 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|2005]]<br /> | district = Bhiwani<br /> | loksabha_cons = <br /> | reservation = <br /> }}<br /> '''Mundhal Khurd Assembly constituency''' was an assembly constituency in the [[India]] [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Haryana]].<br /> <br /> == Members of the Legislative Assembly ==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Election<br /> ! Member<br /> ! colspan=2|Party<br /> |-<br /> | [[1967 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|1967]] || J. Singh || {{Full party name with color|Independent politician}}<br /> |- <br /> | [[1968 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|1968]] || rowspan=2 | Swaroop Singh || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}<br /> |- <br /> | [[1972 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|1972]] <br /> |- <br /> | [[1977 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|1977]] || Tek Ram || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |- <br /> | [[1982 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|1982]] || Balbir Singh || {{Full party name with color|Lokdal|rowspan=2}}<br /> |- <br /> | [[1987 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|1987]] || Vasudev <br /> |- <br /> | [[1991 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|1991]] || rowspan=2 | Chhatar Singh Chauhan || {{Full party name with color|Haryana Vikas Party|rowspan=2}}<br /> |- <br /> | [[1996 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|1996]] <br /> |- <br /> | [[2000 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|2000]] || Shashi Ranjan Panwar || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Lok Dal}}<br /> |- <br /> | [[2005 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|2005]] || Ranbir Singh Mahendra || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == Election results ==<br /> ===Assembly election 2005 ===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[2005 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Mundhal Khurd &lt;ref name=results2005&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.indian-elections.com/assembly-elections/haryana/partywise-candidate-list1.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091016121341/http://www.indian-elections.com/assembly-elections/haryana/partywise-candidate-list1.html#inc |archive-date=16 October 2009 |url-status=dead |title= Winning Candidate List for Haryana State Assembly Elections 2005 |publisher=Indian Elections }}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Ranbir Singh Mahendra |party=Indian National Congress |votes=42,587 |percentage=45.67% |change={{increase}}14.15 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Raghvir Singh |party=Indian National Lok Dal |votes=31,001 |percentage=33.24% |change={{decrease}}13.03 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Om Prakash Mann |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=13,723 |percentage=14.71% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Anoop |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=2,496 |percentage=2.68% |change={{decrease}}7.42 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Karambir Ranga |party=Lok Janshakti Party |votes=623 |percentage=0.67% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Jagdish |party=Independent politician |votes=514 |percentage=0.55% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Kaptan |party=Bharatiya Republican Paksha |votes=493 |percentage=0.53% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=11,586 |percentage=12.42% |change= {{decrease}}2.33 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=93,259 |percentage=73.72% |change= {{increase}}4.40 }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,26,496 |ref = |change= {{increase}}15.08 }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Lok Dal |swing= {{decrease}}0.60 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===Assembly election 2000 ===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[2000 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Mundhal Khurd &lt;ref name=results2000&gt;{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/SE_2000/STAT_REPORT_HY_LA_2000.pdf|title= STATISTICAL REPORT ON GENERAL ELECTION, 2000 TO THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY OF HARYANA|publisher=eci.nic.in|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130127204615/https://eci.gov.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/SE_2000/STAT_REPORT_HY_LA_2000.pdf|archive-date=27 January 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Shashi Ranjan Panwar |party=Indian National Lok Dal |votes=35,260 |percentage=46.27% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ranbir Singh Mahendra |party=Indian National Congress |votes=24,017 |percentage=31.52% |change={{increase}}4.78 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Nirmala Devi |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=7,693 |percentage=10.09% |change={{increase}}4.81 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Chhatar Singh Chauhan |party=Haryana Vikas Party |votes=7,191 |percentage=9.44% |change={{decrease}}38.06 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Raghbir Singh |party=Samajwadi Party |votes=1,145 |percentage=1.50% |change={{decrease}}0.20 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mahabir Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=607 |percentage=0.80% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=11,243 |percentage=14.75% |change= {{decrease}}6.01 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=76,207 |percentage=70.04% |change= {{increase}}5.67 }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,09,920 |ref = |change= {{decrease}}1.64 }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Lok Dal |loser=Haryana Vikas Party |swing= {{decrease}}1.23 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===Assembly election 1996 ===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1996 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Mundhal Khurd }}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Chhatar Singh Chauhan |party=Haryana Vikas Party |votes=33,788 |percentage=47.50% |change={{increase}}1.22 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Shashi Ranjan |party=Indian National Congress |votes=19,017 |percentage=26.73% |change={{decrease}}2.45 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Jagat Singh |party=Samata Party |votes=8,772 |percentage=12.33% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Phool Bai |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=3,756 |percentage=5.28% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Biraj Devi |party=All India Indira Congress (Tiwari) |votes=2,079 |percentage=2.92% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Balbir Singh |party=Samajwadi Party |votes=1,214 |percentage=1.71% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=14,771 |percentage=20.76% |change= {{increase}}3.67 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=71,138 |percentage=65.38% |change= {{increase}}5.00 }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,11,756 |ref = |change= {{increase}}12.48 }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link |winner=Haryana Vikas Party |loser=Haryana Vikas Party |swing= {{increase}}1.22 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===Assembly election 1991 ===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1991 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Mundhal Khurd &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url= http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1991/stat_rep_HR_91.pdf |title= Statistical Report of General Election, 1991 to the Legislative Assembly of Haryana |publisher=Election Commission of India |accessdate=2018-02-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180820040556/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1991/stat_rep_HR_91.pdf|archive-date=20 August 2018|format=pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Chhatar Singh Chauhan |party=Haryana Vikas Party |votes=26,965 |percentage=46.28% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Bir Singh |party=Indian National Congress |votes=17,006 |percentage=29.18% |change={{increase}}3.39 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Siri Kishan |party=Janata Party |votes=9,791 |percentage=16.80% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Risihi Ram |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=1,829 |percentage=3.14% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Dushyant |party=Independent politician |votes=1,164 |percentage=2.00% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=9,959 |percentage=17.09% |change= {{increase}}3.31 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=58,271 |percentage=60.35% |change= {{decrease}}7.00 }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 99,353 |ref = |change= {{increase}}10.58 }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner=Haryana Vikas Party |loser=Lokdal |swing= {{increase}}6.70 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===Assembly election 1987 ===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1987 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Mundhal Khurd &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url= http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/SE_1987/Statistical%20Report%20Haryana%201987.pdf |title=Statistical Report of General Election, 1987 to the Legislative Assembly of Haryana |publisher=Election Commission of India |accessdate=2018-02-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114081216/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/SE_1987/Statistical%20Report%20Haryana%201987.pdf|archive-date=14 January 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Vasudev |party=Lokdal |votes=23,342 |percentage=39.57% |change={{decrease}}4.92 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Chhatar Singh Chauhan |party=Indian National Congress |votes=15,216 |percentage=25.80% |change={{decrease}}15.57 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Bir Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=11,970 |percentage=20.29% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Narain |party=Independent politician |votes=3,011 |percentage=5.10% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Suresh Rohila |party=Independent politician |votes=1,529 |percentage=2.59% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Balbir Singh |party=Vishal Haryana Party |votes=1,475 |percentage=2.50% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Om Parkash |party=Independent politician |votes=1,270 |percentage=2.15% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=8,126 |percentage=13.78% |change= {{increase}}10.65 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=58,982 |percentage=68.00% |change= {{decrease}}7.33 }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 89,848 |ref = |change= {{increase}}16.61 }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link |winner=Lokdal |loser=Lokdal |swing= {{decrease}}4.92 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===Assembly election 1982 ===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1982 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Mundhal Khurd}} <br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Balbir Singh |party=Lokdal |votes=25,019 |percentage=44.50% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Bir Singh |party=Indian National Congress |votes=23,261 |percentage=41.37% |change={{increase}}22.82 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ram Autar |party=Independent politician |votes=5,481 |percentage=9.75% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Brijpal Singh |party=Janata Party |votes=567 |percentage=1.01% |change={{decrease}}47.89 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Nathu Ram |party=Independent politician |votes=371 |percentage=0.66% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Gaja Nand |party=Independent politician |votes=332 |percentage=0.59% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,758 |percentage=3.13% |change= {{decrease}}27.22 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=56,228 |percentage=74.19% |change= {{increase}}6.86 }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 77,050 |ref = |change= {{increase}}22.69 }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner=Lokdal |loser=Janata Party |swing= {{decrease}}4.40 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===Assembly election 1977 ===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1977 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Mundhal Khurd}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Tek Ram |party=Janata Party |votes=20,302 |percentage=48.90% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Devi Parsan |party=Indian National Congress |votes=7,703 |percentage=18.55% |change={{decrease}}16.59 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Brij Lal |party=Independent politician |votes=5,092 |percentage=12.26% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Bhalleram |party=Independent politician |votes=1,886 |percentage=4.54% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ram Avtar |party=Independent politician |votes=1,877 |percentage=4.52% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Dariya |party=Independent politician |votes=832 |percentage=2.00% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mangal Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=753 |percentage=1.81% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Nasib Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=588 |percentage=1.42% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Magej Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=520 |percentage=1.25% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Dalip Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=506 |percentage=1.22% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ram Chander |party=Independent politician |votes=455 |percentage=1.10% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=12,599 |percentage=30.34% |change= {{increase}}24.48 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=41,520 |percentage=67.07% |change= {{decrease}}9.59 }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 62,802 |ref = |change= {{increase}}14.35 }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner=Janata Party |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{increase}}13.76 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===Assembly election 1972 ===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1972 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Mundhal Khurd &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=🗳️ Haryana Assembly Election 1972: LIVE Election Results, Election Dates, Schedule, Leading Candidates &amp; Parties {{!}} Latest News Updates, Exit Polls, Analysis &amp; Statistics on Assembly Election|url=https://www.latestly.com/elections/assembly-elections/haryana/1972/|access-date=2021-07-28|website=LatestLY|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210723231520/https://www.latestly.com/elections/assembly-elections/haryana/1972/|archive-date=23 July 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Swaroop Singh |party=Indian National Congress |votes=14,610 |percentage=35.14% |change={{decrease}}3.28 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Jaswant Singh |party=Vishal Haryana Party |votes=12,172 |percentage=29.28% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Niha Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=10,852 |percentage=26.10% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Kulbir Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=3,391 |percentage=8.16% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Hawa Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=552 |percentage=1.33% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=2,438 |percentage=5.86% |change= {{increase}}1.26 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=41,577 |percentage=77.45% |change= {{increase}}16.07 }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 54,922 |ref = |change= {{increase}}5.93 }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}3.28 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===Assembly election 1968 ===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1968 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Mundhal Khurd &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.elections.in/haryana/assembly-constituencies/1968-election-results.html|title=Haryana Assembly Election Results in 1968 |archive-date=20 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210420012759/https://www.elections.in/haryana/assembly-constituencies/1968-election-results.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Swaroop Singh |party=Indian National Congress |votes=11,878 |percentage=38.42% |change={{increase}}9.80 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Jaswant Singh |party=Swatantra Party |votes=10,456 |percentage=33.82% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Dina Nath |party=Bharatiya Jana Sangh |votes=7,440 |percentage=24.06% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mani Ram |party=Republican Party of India |votes=639 |percentage=2.07% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Jage Ram |party=Independent politician |votes=391 |percentage=1.26% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,422 |percentage=4.60% |change= {{increase}}1.22 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=30,918 |percentage=60.92% |change= {{decrease}}11.46 }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 51,846 |ref = |change= {{increase}}5.66 }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Independent politician |swing= {{increase}}6.42 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===Assembly election 1967 ===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1967 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Mundhal Khurd }}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=J. Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=11,163 |percentage=32.00% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=S. Singh |party=Indian National Congress |votes=9,985 |percentage=28.62% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=D. Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=5,013 |percentage=14.37% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=R. Singh |party=Sanghata Socialist Party |votes=3,048 |percentage=8.74% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=S. Ram |party=Independent politician |votes=2,794 |percentage=8.01% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=K. Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=1,118 |percentage=3.20% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=S. Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=639 |percentage=1.83% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=B. Lal |party=Independent politician |votes=526 |percentage=1.51% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=D. Chand |party=Independent politician |votes=427 |percentage=1.22% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,178 |percentage=3.38% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=34,885 |percentage=74.95% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 49,067 |ref = |change= }}<br /> {{Election box new seat win |winner=Independent politician |loser= |swing= }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> <br /> {{reflist}}<br /> {{Assembly constituencies of Haryana}}<br /> <br /> {{coord|28.980|N|76.195|E|display=inline,title}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Former assembly constituencies of Haryana]]<br /> [[Category:Politics of Haryana]]<br /> [[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1967]]<br /> [[Category:Constituencies disestablished in 2005]]<br /> [[Category:1967 establishments in Haryana]]<br /> [[Category:2005 disestablishments in India]]<br /> [[Category:Long stubs with short prose]]<br /> <br /> <br /> {{Haryana-geo-stub}}</div>

Ellen248280 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Varalaru&diff=543619 2026-04-15T11:00:49Z

<p>Ellen248280: Adding A Article.</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|2006 film by K. S. Ravikumar}}<br /> <br /> {{EngvarB|date=September 2013}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=October 2016}}<br /> {{Infobox film<br /> | image = Varalaru.JPG<br /> | caption = Theatrical release poster<br /> | director = [[K. S. Ravikumar]]<br /> | producer = [[S. S. Chakravarthy]]<br /> | screenplay = K. S. Ravikumar <br /> | story = R. K. Celluloids&lt;br /&gt;Ravi Chakravarthy<br /> | starring = [[Ajith Kumar]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Asin]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Kaniha|Kanika]]<br /> | music = [[A. R. Rahman]]<br /> | cinematography = [[P.C. Sreeram]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Priyan]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Arthur A. Wilson]]&lt;br/&gt;S. Murthy&lt;br/&gt;K. Prasad<br /> | editing = K. Thanigachalam<br /> | studio = [[S. S. Chakravarthy|NIC Arts]]<br /> | distributor = Film Fabricators<br /> | released = {{Film date|df=y|2006|10|20}}<br /> | runtime = 166 minutes<br /> | country = India<br /> | language = Tamil<br /> | budget = {{INR}}12 crore&lt;ref name=ce /&gt;<br /> | gross = {{estimation}} {{INR}}25–55 crore&lt;ref name=ce&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/photos/slideshows/2019/Oct/20/15years-of-varalaaru-30-facts-you-probably-didnt-know-about-ajiths-blockbuster-drama-717.html|title=13 years of Varalaaru: 30 facts you probably didn't know about Ajith's blockbuster drama|work=[[Cinema Express]]|date=20 October 2019|access-date=1 November 2025|archive-date=12 March 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240312125430/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/photos/slideshows/2019/Oct/20/15years-of-varalaaru-30-facts-you-probably-didnt-know-about-ajiths-blockbuster-drama-717.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;gross&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=The Boom In Regional Films |url=http://archives.digitaltoday.in/businesstoday/20070408/features2.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140101110500/http://archives.digitaltoday.in/businesstoday/20070408/features2.html |archive-date=1 January 2014 |access-date=28 October 2014 |website=Digital Today}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''''Varalaru: History Of Godfather''''', or simply known as '''''Varalaru''''' ({{Translation|History}}), is a 2006 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[action-drama film]] co-written and directed by [[K. S. Ravikumar]], and produced by [[S. S. Chakravarthy]] under the banner NIC Arts. The film stars [[Ajith Kumar]] in the main triple lead role as a father and his two twin sons. [[Asin]], [[Kaniha|Kanika]], [[Ramesh Khanna]], [[Suman Setty]], [[Sujatha (actress)|Sujatha]] and [[M. S. Baskar]] play supporting roles. The film's soundtrack and background score were composed by [[A. R. Rahman]]. Prior to its release, the film was known by the title ''Godfather'', but following the [[Government of Tamil Nadu]]'s motion to exempt tax on films titled in Tamil, the title was changed to ''Varalaru''.<br /> <br /> After two years of production, the film was released on 20 October 2006 on the eve of [[Diwali]], and emerged as the highest grosser of the year.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=The Boom In Regional Films |url=http://archives.digitaltoday.in/businesstoday/20070408/features2.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140101110500/http://archives.digitaltoday.in/businesstoday/20070408/features2.html |archive-date=1 January 2014 |access-date=28 October 2014 |website=Digital Today}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/ajiths-top-10-hits-south/20150205.htm|title=Ajith's Top 10 Hits|access-date=24 November 2017|archive-date=31 December 2016|archive-url=https://archive.today/20161231115735/http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/ajiths-top-10-hits-south/20150205.htm|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; The film has been remade in Kannada, titled after [[Godfather (2012 film)|the original title of the film]], in Burmese as ''[[Nat Khat Mhar Tae Tite Pwal]]'', and in Odia as ''Tu Mo Dehara Chhai''.<br /> <br /> ==Plot==<br /> Shivashankar, a crippled wheelchair-using multimillionaire, has a son Vishnu who is spoilt. To teach him responsibility, Shivashankar sends Vishnu to Thottapuram to help the poor. Vishnu does not want to go, but a local pizza restaurateur convinces him and his friends that the village is one big brothel. Thottapuram is a sacred village and the restaurateur had purposefully deceived Vishnu and his friends. Divya and her collegemates are also visiting the village for their social activity course to improve the villagers' health and hygiene. A large building is reserved for him and the girls are asked to stay in the poor families' houses.<br /> <br /> Vishnu and his friends arrive and start to woo the girls, whom they mistake for Thottapuram's prostitutes. When Divya discovers their plan, she and her friends decide to teach Vishnu and his friends a lesson.<br /> <br /> Vishnu and his friends are wooed by Divya and the other girls. They are led to separate rooms where the girls inject a serum that makes them itch all over. They leave, screaming and scratching. Vishnu tells Divya to leave her profession and offers to save her honour by marrying her in the village temple the next day. Divya does not come, but Vishnu and his friends happen to see her leaving on a bus bearing the name of the girls' college, revealing that they have been duped. But, Divya is guilt ridden when she sees him holding a [[mangala sutra]] and realising he really got ready to marry her.<br /> <br /> Depressed and feeling cheated, Vishnu returns home, where Shivashankar discovers that his son has fallen in love. Under his influence, Vishnu and Divya get engaged. Everything goes well until one night, Vishnu goes to Divya's house in a drunken state after a party in the nightclub. Her family prevents him from talking to her. This eventually leads to a fight. Vishnu then goes to Divya's cousin's house to apologise for his behaviour, but suddenly attempts to rape her which horrifies Divya. Vishnu then tries to kill Shivashankar, but is stopped by Ko Thandam, Shivashankar's P.A., who got stabbed by Vishnu. Disappointed with Vishnu's behaviour, Shivashankar sends him to a psychiatrist.<br /> <br /> It is then revealed that Jeeva, Vishnu's younger twin, had taken over his identity, took money from the bank, got drunk, went to Divya's place and attempted to rape her cousin. Jeeva hates Shivashankar for abandoning him and his mentally-challenged mother Gayathri. Later, Divya manages to sneak into Vishnu's room in the hospital and believes that he is innocent. She leaves and shortly afterwards, Jeeva appears, smuggles Vishnu out of the hospital, takes over his identity and goes to kill Shivashankar. The father realises that it is not his son after he gets a call from Vishnu and gets out of his wheelchair to defend himself, much to Jeeva's surprise. Vishnu arrives at the scene, surprised that his father is able to walk and demands an explanation. The film goes to a flashback.<br /> <br /> Shivashankar was a [[Bharatanatyam]] dancer who behaved effeminately due to dancing and the upbringing by his mother, whom he loved dearly. His mother had arranged for Shivashankar to marry Gayathri, who was her friend's daughter. He agreed but Gayathri rejected Shivashankar for being too effeminate and insulted him in front of the wedding guests. Unable to bear the embarrassment, Shivashankar's mother died on the spot. Enraged, Shivashankar raped Gayathri, who became pregnant. The doctor refused to perform an abortion, leading to Vishnu's birth. Shivashankar took Vishnu from Gayathri, saying that the child would be the only hope of his life. But, unknown to Shivashankar, right after he left Gayathri gave birth to the baby's twin, Jeeva.<br /> <br /> Jeeva now threatens to kill Shivashankar at Vishnu's and Divya's wedding. Shivashankar fights with Jeeva and attempts to stop him. Jeeva points a gun at Shivashankar and reveals that he is also Shivashankar's son and the reason for why he came to kill Shivashankar. Jeeva's grandmother also tells Shivashankar that he is also his son and that Gayathri actually became insane when baby Jeeva was about to get hit by a lorry. Jeeva realises his mistake. He wants Shivashankar to shoot him, but a police officer mistakenly thinks that Jeeva is pointing the gun at Shivashankar. He fires at Jeeva, but Shivashankar intervenes, gets shot in the attack and dies. Jeeva accepts Shivashankar's apology and is then jailed.<br /> <br /> Weeks later, Gayathri does not accept food from anyone, until Vishnu comes and dresses as Jeeva and feeds her. The film ends with Vishnu telling her that Shivashankar is the [[godparent|godfather]] of the family. During the credits, the film shows what really happened in the first half.<br /> <br /> ==Cast==<br /> {{colbegin}}<br /> * [[Ajith Kumar]] in a triple role as:<br /> ** Shivashankar (father)<br /> ** Vishnu (eldest twin son who loves Divya)<br /> ** Jeeva (youngest twin son who hates and wants to take revenge on Shivashankar)<br /> * [[Asin]] as Divya, Vishnu's love interest <br /> * [[Kaniha|Kanika]] as Gayathri, Shivashankar’s wife as well as Vishnu's and Jeeva's mother<br /> * [[Sujatha (actress)|Sujatha]] as Gayathri's mother<br /> * [[Rajesh (Tamil actor)|Rajesh]] as the Assistant Commissioner of Police<br /> * [[Vijayan (actor)|Vijayan]] as Divya's father<br /> * [[Mansoor Ali Khan (actor)|Mansoor Ali Khan]] as Divya's brother<br /> * [[Ponnambalam (actor)|Ponnambalam]] as Divya's brother<br /> * [[Ramesh Khanna]] as Ramesh, Vishnu's friend<br /> * [[Pandu (actor)|Pandu]] as Kodandam, Shiva Shankar's servant<br /> * [[Santhana Bharathi]] as Gayathri's servant<br /> * [[Manobala]] as a police constable<br /> * [[Suman Setty]] as Urundai, Vishnu's friend<br /> * [[Rajalakshmi (actress)|Rajalakshmi]] as Shivashankar’s mother<br /> * [[Crane Manohar]] as an asylum patient<br /> * [[Idichapuli Selvaraj]] as Shivashankar's servant<br /> * [[M. S. Baskar]] as an asylum patient<br /> * [[K. Sivasankar|Shivashankar]] as Shiva Shankar's master<br /> * [[Chitti Babu (Tamil actor)|Chitti Babu]] as a police inspector<br /> * [[Madhan Bob]] as the coffee shop owner<br /> * Johnny as Vishnu's friend<br /> * Kadhal Kanth as Vishnu's friend<br /> * Japan Kumar as Japan, Vishnu's friend<br /> * [[Scissor Manohar]] as a waiter<br /> * [[Bava Lakshmanan]] as a police constable<br /> * [[Robert (choreographer)|Robert]] (special appearance in the song &quot;Ilamai&quot;)<br /> * [[K. S. Ravikumar]] as a doctor and Gayathri's family friend (director and special appearance)<br /> {{colend}}<br /> <br /> ==Production==<br /> As per director [[R. Sundarrajan]], ''Varalaru'''s original base story was scripted by him for [[Kamal Haasan]] under the [[Sivaji Productions]] banner. This did not happen, however, due to Haasan's unwillingness to work with Sundarrajan as he did not like the script. He felt it would portray him as a womaniser.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite AV media|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rrfE5Mw68BI |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211212/rrfE5Mw68BI| archive-date=2021-12-12 |url-status=live|language=en|access-date=2020-02-21|title=Podhigai TV Bioscope R Sundarrajan|date=14 June 2015 }}{{cbignore}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In late 1999, K. S. Ravikumar narrated two scripts to Kamal Haasan. One was about a transgender incorporating three roles titled ''Madana'' and a comedy script ''[[Thenali]]''. Haasan was impressed with both but turned the former offer down due to his conflicting schedule at the time. [[Rajinikanth]] had agreed to do the story titled ''Madana'' if Kamal opts out.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/20yearsofthenali-five-facts-about-the-kamal-haasan-starrer-that-will-interest-you/etphotostory/78877967.cms|title = #20YearsOfThenali: Five facts about the Kamal Haasan-starrer that will interest you|website = [[The Times of India]]|date = 26 October 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ravikumar was forced to pull out of a project titled ''[[Jaggubhai]]'' which he had written and begun directing and consequently signed on [[Ajith Kumar]], who had just opted out of [[A. R. Murugadoss]]'s action film, ''Mirattal''. Later, the project shifted to the hands of NIC Arts (from Sri Surya Movies) due to a higher budget.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=3 December 2004 |title=Ratnam drops one more film! |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/ratnam-drops-one-more-film-news-tamil-kkfvDAdfcbjsi.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151001143556/http://www.sify.com/movies/ratnam-drops-one-more-film-news-tamil-kkfvDAdfcbjsi.html |archive-date=1 October 2015 |website=[[Sify]] |access-date=17 May 2018 }}&lt;/ref&gt; The filming of ''Godfather'' began by November 2004.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last=Poornima |date=23 November 2004 |title=Ajith tastes success! |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2004/nov/23ss.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121026044006/http://www.rediff.com/movies/2004/nov/23ss.htm |archive-date=26 October 2012 |access-date=8 May 2013 |work=Rediff.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Asin]] was added to the film after [[Jyothika]] walked out of the project, while [[A. R. Rahman]] was signed on as music composer to the film to be produced by [[S. S. Chakravarthy]]. Early reports suggested that one of Ajith's roles in the film would be an [[eunuch]] or a [[transgender]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Ajith as transgender! |url=http://ajithkumar.free.fr/news/news_129.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120326191331/http://ajithkumar.free.fr/news/news_129.htm |archive-date=26 March 2012 |access-date=8 May 2013 |website=ajithkumar.fr.fm}}&lt;/ref&gt; but his role turned out to be that of an effeminate classical dancer.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=&quot;Who's Godfather?&quot; KS Ravikumar explains |url=http://ajithkumar.free.fr/news/news_140.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120326191418/http://ajithkumar.free.fr/news/news_140.htm |archive-date=26 March 2012 |access-date=8 May 2013 |website=ajithkumar.fr.fm}}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> <br /> In January 2005, it was announced that the film was put on hold due to financial problems, initiating a long delay in the production of the film.{{Cn|date=May 2025}} The film also faced problems, after the government banned scenes involving excessive smoking in films.{{Cn|date=May 2025}} Furthermore, in mid-2005, Ajith fell out with the producer, who had made several films with him in the past and stated that the pair would never work together again.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Ajit meets the press! |url=http://ajithkumar.free.fr/news/news_144.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120326191433/http://ajithkumar.free.fr/news/news_144.htm |archive-date=26 March 2012 |access-date=8 May 2013 |website=ajithkumar.fr.fm}}&lt;/ref&gt; This led to Ajith taking a forced sabbatical, with his market being at a low following the failure of his previous film ''[[Ji (film)|Ji]]''.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.sify.com/movies/godfather-still-sulking-news-tamil-kkfv7Saigdj.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121022145245/http://www.sify.com/movies/godfather-still-sulking-news-tamil-kkfv7Saigdj.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=22 October 2012 |title='Godfather'-Still sulking! |website=[[Sify]] |date=26 February 2005 |access-date=8 May 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> <br /> Chakravarthy avoided trouble by claiming he would finish the film by 15 June 2005 and signed a contract in March with the Tamil Nadu Producers Committee, who wanted to resolve the problem. The film restarted in April 2005, with a 10-day shoot in Ooty including a song, with Ravikumar revealing that further shots would be filmed in [[Hyderabad]], and then in Canada, and that the film would be ready for release by 22 July 2005. [[P. C. Sreeram]] opted out of the film after his dates clashed with his work in ''[[Kanda Naal Mudhal]]'' and was replaced by Priyan. Actress [[Meena (actress)|Meena]], who was supposed to do play Gayatri, also opted out due a conflicting schedule. [[Devayani]] was also considered for the role but she refused as she did not want to scold Ajith&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movie-news-1/aug-11-02/devayani-ajith-09-08-11.html |title=Devayani Refuses To Scold Ajith – Devayani – Ajith – Tamil Movie News |website=Behindwoods.com |date=9 August 2011 |access-date=8 May 2013 |archive-date=17 April 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130417021728/http://behindwoods.com/tamil-movie-news-1/aug-11-02/devayani-ajith-09-08-11.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; and after unfruitful discussion with [[Simran]], Kanika was signed.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.sify.com/movies/godfather-shoot-in-full-swing-news-tamil-kkfv6Mbaffe.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121022145336/http://www.sify.com/movies/godfather-shoot-in-full-swing-news-tamil-kkfv6Mbaffe.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=22 October 2012 |title='Godfather' shoot in full swing! |website=[[Sify]] |date=24 March 2005 |access-date=8 May 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; Problems arose in mid-2005, when Asin could not allot dates for the film due to her work in ''[[Ghajini (2005 film)|Ghajini]]'', ''[[Majaa]]'' and ''[[Sivakasi (film)|Sivakasi]]''.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Godfather further delayed.... |url=http://ajithkumar.free.fr/news/news_156.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120326191447/http://ajithkumar.free.fr/news/news_156.htm |archive-date=26 March 2012 |access-date=8 May 2013 |website=ajithkumar.fr.fm}}&lt;/ref&gt; However, by 15 June, thirty five days' work was still required and Ajith was forced to leave the project to begin work on [[Bala (director)|Bala]]'s ''[[Naan Kadavul]]'' as per the signed contract.{{Cn|date=May 2025}} Chakravarthy later reported Ajith for the delays and before further problems occurred, L. Suresh of Ananda Pictures, a leading Chennai based distributor, intervened and solved the existing problems by providing an interest-free loan.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.sify.com/movies/godfather-alive-and-kicking-news-tamil-kkfv2odajib.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121022145418/http://www.sify.com/movies/godfather-alive-and-kicking-news-tamil-kkfv2odajib.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=22 October 2012 |title='Godfather'- Alive and kicking! |website=[[Sify]] |date=10 July 2005 |access-date=8 May 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; Subsequently, the film became trouble free but took more than a year to finish the remaining portions and only released in October 2006 as Ajith took priority in completing ''[[Paramasivan]]'' and ''[[Thirupathi (2006 Tamil film)|Thirupathi]]'', both also released in 2006. Meanwhile, the title ''Godfather'' was reverted to ''Varalaru'' (History) after the state government gave an order to grant entertainment tax exemption to movies titled in Tamil.{{Cn|date=May 2025}}<br /> <br /> ==Music==<br /> {{Infobox album<br /> | name = Varalaaru<br /> | type = soundtrack<br /> | artist = [[A. R. Rahman]]<br /> | cover = <br /> | alt = <br /> | released = 27 September 2006<br /> | recorded = 2005–2006<br /> | venue = <br /> | studio = <br /> | genre = [[Feature film soundtrack]]<br /> | length = 48:07<br /> | language = [[Tamil language|Tamil]]<br /> | label = Star Music<br /> | producer = A. R. Rahman<br /> | prev_title = [[Sillunu Oru Kaadhal]]<br /> | prev_year = 2006<br /> | next_title = [[Guru (soundtrack)|Guru]]<br /> | next_year = 2007<br /> }}<br /> <br /> The film's soundtrack and background score were composed by [[A. R. Rahman]], marking his fourth collaboration with Ravikumar after ''[[Muthu (film)|Muthu]]'' (1995), ''[[Padayappa]]'' (1999), ''[[Thenali]]'' (2000) and third with Ajith Kumar after ''[[Pavithra (film)|Pavithra]]'' (1994) and ''[[Kandukondain Kandukondain]]'' (2000). He finished composing all the songs for the film by December 2004. The soundtrack features nine songs, with lyrics written by [[Vairamuthu]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web| url=https://www.saavn.com/s/album/tamil/Godfather-2006/nR,uRZeQgj8_| title=Godfather - All Songs - Download or Listen Free| date=January 2006| access-date=19 October 2018| archive-date=20 October 2018| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181020094932/https://www.saavn.com/s/album/tamil/Godfather-2006/nR,uRZeQgj8_| url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; The song &quot;Ilamai&quot; features a [[remix]] version, and &quot;Innisai&quot; features a [[reprise]] and an extended version of the song which is used in the film. The album was released on 27 September 2006.<br /> <br /> {{track listing<br /> | headline = Track list<br /> | extra_column = Singer(s)<br /> | total_length = 48:07<br /> | title1 = Ilamai<br /> | extra1 = [[Mohammed Aslam]], [[Pop Shalini]], [[Tanvi Shah]]<br /> | length1 = 5:22<br /> | title2 = Ilamai<br /> | extra2 = [[Suresh Peters]], [[Blaaze]]<br /> | length2 = 4:01<br /> | title3 = Innisai<br /> | extra3 = [[Mahathi (singer)|Mahathi]], [[Saindhavi]], [[Naresh Iyer]]<br /> | length3 = 5:14<br /> | title4 = Innisai<br /> | extra4 = Mahathi, Saindhavi<br /> | length4 = 3:44<br /> | title5 = Innisai Alapadaiye<br /> | extra5 = Mahathi, Saindhavi, Naresh Iyer<br /> | length5 = 6:33<br /> | title6 = Kamma Karaiyila<br /> | extra6 = Naresh Iyer, [[Sowmya Raoh]]<br /> | length6 = 5:32<br /> | title7 = Kaatril Oar Vaarthai<br /> | extra7 = [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[Sadhana Sargam]], [[Reena Bhardwaj]]<br /> | length7 = 6:03<br /> | title8 = Theeyil Vizhuntha<br /> | extra8 = [[A. R. Rahman]]<br /> | length8 = 6:17<br /> | title9 = Thotha Puram<br /> | extra9 = [[Kalpana Raghavendar]], [[Ranjith (singer)|Ranjith]], [[Leon James (composer)|Leon James]], Peer Mohammed, [[Sonu Kakkar]]<br /> | length9 = 5:38<br /> | all_writing = <br /> | title10 = <br /> | length10 = <br /> | all_lyrics = [[Vairamuthu]]<br /> | note2 = Remix<br /> | note4 = Reprise<br /> | note5 = Film Version<br /> }}<br /> <br /> ==Release==<br /> ''Varalaru'' released on 20 October 2006, during the Diwali season alongside ''[[Vallavan]]'', ''[[E (2006 film)|E]]'', ''[[Vattaram]]'', ''[[Dharmapuri (film)|Dharmapuri]]'' and ''[[Thalaimagan]]'',&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|work=Chennai Online|access-date=9 April 2024|url=http://www.chennaionline.com/film/News/2006/10diwalirelease.asp|title=Diwali release - 2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061115043248/http://www.chennaionline.com/film/News/2006/10diwalirelease.asp|archive-date=15 November 2006|date=21 October 2006}}&lt;/ref&gt; and emerged as the biggest hit of the year. ''Varalaru'' opened in over 300 screens worldwide including 25 screens in Chennai district. It ran for 210 days and also went on to become [[Ajith Kumar]]'s biggest grosser and his best film to date until the release of his 2007 film, ''[[Billa (2007 film)|Billa]]''.{{Cn|date=May 2025}}<br /> <br /> == Reception ==<br /> The critic from ''[[The Hindu]]'' gave a verdict that the film &quot;scores in pace and performance&quot; and mentioned that &quot;Ajith's skills as a performer have been appreciably honed and efficiently used&quot; and that it is a &quot;milestone in Ajith's cinema efforts, the film has the potential to propel its hero into a higher league in stardom&quot;, while describing Asin as &quot;lustrous and sails through her role smoothly&quot;, while Kanika &quot;gets more scope, which she makes good use of&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Rangarajan |first=Malathi |date=27 October 2006 |title=In the race, surely – Varalaaru |url=http://www.hindu.com/fr/2006/10/27/stories/2006102700060200.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061114233324/http://www.hindu.com/fr/2006/10/27/stories/2006102700060200.htm |archive-date=14 November 2006 |access-date=8 May 2013 |newspaper=[[The Hindu]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''[[Rediff.com]]'' also gave the film a positive review claiming that &quot;Varalaaru is undoubtedly the only must-watch release this Diwali. Watch it for a display of all the elements of Ajith's versatility and range of emotions&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last=Abbhi |first=Atishay |date=23 October 2006 |title=Ajith all the way in Varalaaru |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2006/oct/23var.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081013073849/http://www.rediff.com/movies/2006/oct/23var.htm |archive-date=13 October 2008 |access-date=8 May 2013 |work=[[Rediff.com]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''[[Sify]]'' wrote, &quot;Try and try till you exceed all limits, seems to be director K.S.Ravikumar’s mantra. His Varalaaru has a wafer-thin story and is tackily executed. Though the film offers little in the way of surprise or newness, what makes it watchable is Ajit and his triple role&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Varalaaru |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/varalaaru-review-tamil-14319054.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140311204855/http://www.sify.com/movies/varalaaru-review-tamil-14319054.html |archive-date=11 March 2014 |access-date=16 September 2013 |website=[[Sify]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Lajjavathi of ''[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]]'' praised the performance of Ajith in triple roles, Kanika's acting and Rahman's music but panned the placement of songs and was critical of certain scenes and concluded saying its definitely ascent to Ajith.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite magazine |last=லஜ்ஜாவதி |date=19 November 2006 |title=வரலாறு |url=https://archive.org/details/kalki2006-11-19/page/80/mode/2up |access-date=8 April 2024 |magazine=Kalki |page=80 |language=ta |via=[[Internet Archive]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ajith subsequently won the [[Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Tamil]] for 2006 for his triple role performance.{{Cn|date=May 2025}}<br /> <br /> ==Remakes==<br /> In 2012, cinematographer [[Sethu Sriram]] opted to remake the film in [[Kannada]] under the original title, ''[[Godfather (2012 film)|Godfather]]''. The movie was unofficially remade in 2015 in [[Burmese language|Burmese]] as ''[[Nat Khat Mhar Tae Tite Pwal]]'' and in [[Odia language|Odia]] as ''Tu Mo Dehara Chhai''.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/Ajit-s-Tamil-hit-Varalaru-is-Godfather-in-Kannada--Upendra-to-lead/826667/ |title=Ajit's Tamil hit Varalaru is Godfather in Kannada, Upendra to lead |work=The Indian Express |date=4 August 2011 |access-date=16 September 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist|30em}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * {{IMDb title}}<br /> <br /> {{K. S. Ravikumar}}<br /> {{Authority control}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:2006 films]]<br /> [[Category:Films set in Chennai]]<br /> [[Category:Twins in Indian films]]<br /> [[Category:Films directed by K. S. Ravikumar]]<br /> [[Category:Tamil films remade in other languages]]<br /> [[Category:2006 Tamil-language films]]<br /> [[Category:2006 Indian films]]<br /> [[Category:Films scored by A. R. Rahman]]<br /> [[Category:Films about rape in India]]<br /> [[Category:Films with screenplays by K. S. Ravikumar]]<br /> [[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]<br /> [[Category:Films produced by S. S. Chakravarthy]]</div>

Ellen248280 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Deepika_Narayan_Bhardwaj&diff=495992 2026-04-15T03:34:45Z

<p>Ellen248280: created basic page from scratch</p> <hr /> <div>{{short description|Indian Equal Rights Activist}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=January 2023}}<br /> {{Infobox person<br /> | name = Deepika Narayan Bhardwaj<br /> | image = Deepika Narayan Bhardwaj in 2022.jpg<br /> | caption = Bhardwaj in 2022<br /> | birth_date = 4 December 1986<br /> | birth_place = [[New Delhi]], India<br /> | occupation = {{hlist|Journalist|film-maker|activist}}<br /> | known_for = [[Men's rights]], family rights, false case prevention during marriages<br /> | notable_works = ''[[India's Sons]]''<br /> }}<br /> '''Deepika Narayan Bhardwaj''' is an Indian journalist, documentary film-maker and [[Honey badger (men's rights)|honey badger]] (men's rights activist).&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |work=BBC |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-38647822 |title=The woman who fights for men's equal rights |date=20 January 2017 |access-date=15 July 2019 |language=en-GB |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190715163315/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-38647822|archive-date=15 July 2019 |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.wionews.com/south-asia/international-womens-day-woman-activist-fights-for-men-abused-by-women-13154 |title=International Women's Day: Woman activist fights for men abused by women |website=WION |date=20 July 2017 |language=en|access-date=20 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190720042147/https://www.wionews.com/south-asia/international-womens-day-woman-activist-fights-for-men-abused-by-women-13154 |archive-date=20 July 2019 |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bhardwaj rose to prominence after producing the documentary ''Martyrs of Marriage'', which covered abuses of [[Indian Penal Code|criminal section]] 498A (Anti-dowry law) by brides and their families.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/the-indian-venal-code/article23993769.ece|title=The Indian venal code |last=Desai |first=Rahul |date=25 May 2018 |work=The Hindu |access-date=15 July 2019|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/haryana-woman-s-film-lends-voice-to-harassed-married-men/story-hKNIIy8L5eDNBcVoHZxyjO.html |title=Haryana woman's film lends voice to harassed married men |date=21 January 2017 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en |access-date=15 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190715163315/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/haryana-woman-s-film-lends-voice-to-harassed-married-men/story-hKNIIy8L5eDNBcVoHZxyjO.html |archive-date=15 July 2019 |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; She also exposed a conspiracy of alleged victims in the [[Rohtak sisters viral video controversy]] by interviewing the witnesses and collecting proof.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-rohtak-eve-teasing-case-gets-another-turn-with-a-fourth-video-surfacing-2043303 |title=Rohtak eve-teasing case gets another turn with a fourth video surfacing|date=12 December 2014 |website=DNA India |language=en |access-date=15 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190715163315/https://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-rohtak-eve-teasing-case-gets-another-turn-with-a-fourth-video-surfacing-2043303|archive-date=15 July 2019 |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; She has produced and directed the documentary ''India's Sons'' in 2021.<br /> <br /> == Early career ==<br /> Bhardwaj left a job in the information technology industry to pursue film-making.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/gurgaon/in-pursuit-of-purpose-tales-of-alternative-careers-from-gurugram/story-Oo3xghdiTG5kXMYgax6oSO.html|title=In pursuit of purpose: Tales of alternative careers from Gurugram|date=9 September 2018|website=Hindustan Times|language=en|access-date=21 January 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; Her first documentary film ''Gramin Dak Sevak'' was a student film winner at [[Jeevika: Asia Livelihood Documentary Festival]] in 2009.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.thequint.com/news/india/stories-male-victims-domestic-violence-india |title=International Men's Day: 'I'm a Man Who Faced Domestic Abuse' |date=19 November 2018|website=The Quint |language=en |access-date=16 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190716124940/https://www.thequint.com/news/india/stories-male-victims-domestic-violence-india |archive-date=16 July 2019 |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Activism ==<br /> <br /> === 498-A and ''Martyrs of Marriage'' ===<br /> Bhardwaj alleges to have been the victim of a false 498A case, after she and her cousin were charged under the provisions courtesy a police-complaint by her ex-sister-in-law; the issue was resolved in an off-court settlement involving a huge sum of money.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; This brought her into contacts with [[Save Indian Family Foundation]], and she has since often collaborated with them in demanding an outright repeal of the law or amending to a gender-neutral version.&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://caravanmagazine.in/gender-and-sexuality/first-conference-on-national-commission-for-men|title=India's radical meninists come out of the closet|last=Jha|first=Aditya Mani|date=|website=[[The Caravan]]|language=en|url-access=subscription|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181112181728/https://caravanmagazine.in/gender-and-sexuality/first-conference-on-national-commission-for-men |archive-date=12 November 2018 |access-date=21 January 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Bhardwaj's personal episode also went on to serve as the motivations for making a documentary on the locus.&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/pti-feed/story/martyrs-of-marriage-documentary-on-misuse-of-ipc-sec.-498a-853767-2017-01-09|title=Martyrs of Marriage - documentary on misuse of IPC sec. 498A|date=9 January 2017|website=India Today|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190715163315/https://www.indiatoday.in/pti-feed/story/martyrs-of-marriage-documentary-on-misuse-of-ipc-sec.-498a-853767-2017-01-09|archive-date=15 July 2019|access-date=15 July 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://sheroes.com/articles/deepika-bhardwaj-meet-the-sheroes/NjE0|title=Deepika Bhardwaj, Martyrs of Marriage, and Men's rights in India|website=sheroes.com|access-date=21 January 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/india/interview-documenting-the-martyrs-of-marriage-2292846|title=Documenting the martyrs of marriage|date=16 January 2017|website=DNA India|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190715163334/https://www.dnaindia.com/india/interview-documenting-the-martyrs-of-marriage-2292846|archive-date=15 July 2019|access-date=15 July 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Martyrs of Marriage'' (2017) narrated first-person tales of various victims who alleged of being at the receiving ends of abuse of 498A and interviewed politicians, judges et al. for their take on the issue.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/the-indian-venal-code/article23993769.ece|title=The Indian venal code|last=Desai|first=Rahul|date=25 May 2018|work=The Hindu|access-date=21 January 2020|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === False sexual harassment allegations ===<br /> Bhardwaj campaigns against false sexual harassment allegations.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/documentary-filmmaker-deepika-narayan-bhardwaj-mentoo-is-as-important-as-metoo/articleshow/69293511.cms |title=Filmmaker Deepika Narayan Bhardwaj: #MenToo is as important as #MeToo - Times of India|website=The Times of India |language=en |access-date=16 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190726111506/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/documentary-filmmaker-deepika-narayan-bhardwaj-mentoo-is-as-important-as-metoo/articleshow/69293511.cms |archive-date=26 July 2019 |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/report-knowing-man-s-side-of-the-narrative-2761277|title=Knowing man's side of the narrative|date=16 June 2019 |website=DNA India |language=en |access-date=20 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190720042141/https://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/report-knowing-man-s-side-of-the-narrative-2761277|archive-date=20 July 2019|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; She had supported the [[Men Too movement (India)|#Mentoo]] movement, a campaign that was started in response of false allegations of the [[Me Too movement|#MeToo movement]] in India and wrote about how the me-too movement turned men into disposable or collateral damage.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/asia/india-metoo-mens-rights-sexual-abuse-harassment-rape-deepika-bhardwaj-a8912736.html|title=Men's rights activism on the rise in India in response to #MeToo|date=14 May 2019|website=The Independent|language=en|access-date=22 January 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/metoo-has-shhaken-up-mens-rights-activism-in-india-result-is-mentoo/|title=#MeToo Has Shaken Up Men's Rights Activism in India, and The Result is #MenToo|last=Pundir|first=Pallavi|date=6 June 2019|website=Vice|language=en|access-date=22 January 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; In the [[Rohtak sisters viral video controversy]], she interviewed several witnesses and released videos that held the accusers of lying.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/haryana-s-headline-grabbing-sisters-local-heroes-or-serial-beaters-114120800468_1.html|title=Haryana's headline-grabbing sisters: Local heroes or serial beaters?|last=IANS|date=8 December 2014|work=Business Standard India|access-date=16 July 2019|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190716124939/https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/haryana-s-headline-grabbing-sisters-local-heroes-or-serial-beaters-114120800468_1.html|archive-date=16 July 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.in/open-magazine/women-in-the-cause-of-men_b_8194836.html|title=Women In The Cause Of Men In Distress|date=26 September 2015|website=HuffPost India|language=en|access-date=22 January 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; In 2021, Bhardwaj played a proactive role in busting the case where a female student of Atma Ram College of B.A English named Ayushi Bhatia who had filed a series of sexual assault and rape cases to extort money.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Madaik|first=Devyani|date=7 January 2022|title='Ayushi Bhatia Serial False Rape Case': How This Gurugram Woman Ruined Multiple Lives With Vicious Calumnies|url=https://thelogicalindian.com/trending/ayushi-bhatia-serial-false-rape-case-33124|access-date=2 February 2022|website=thelogicalindian.com|language=en|archive-date=2 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220202122607/https://thelogicalindian.com/trending/ayushi-bhatia-serial-false-rape-case-33124|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=31 December 2021|title=7 लड़कों पर फर्जी रेप केस करने वाली आयुषी भाटिया गिरफ्तार, ऑडियो वायरल|url=https://livebharatnews.in/crime/ayushi-bhatia-arrested-for-false-rape-case-against-7-boys/cid6149559.htm|access-date=2 February 2022|website=livebharatnews.in|language=hi}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> [[File:Dr Edmond Fernandes with Deepika Narayan Bhardwaj at 1911 New Delhi.jpg|thumb|Deepika Bhardwaj with Dr. Edmond - global health physician at a meeting]]<br /> <br /> === National Commission for Men ===<br /> Bhardwaj campaigns for the establishment of a [[National Commission for Men]] in India that would deal with men's issues including domestic violence and sexual assault.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://caravanmagazine.in/gender-and-sexuality/first-conference-on-national-commission-for-men |title=India's radical meninists come out of the closet |last=Jha |first=Aditya Mani|website=The Caravan|language=en |access-date=16 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190716040708/https://caravanmagazine.in/gender-and-sexuality/first-conference-on-national-commission-for-men |archive-date=16 July 2019|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.livemint.com/Leisure/6iat7KQ4XITzuIs7pi9H4H/The-looking-glass-world-of-angry-men.html |title=The looking glass world of angry men|last=Masih|first=Niha|date=11 November 2018|website=www.livemint.com|language=en |access-date=16 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190716040706/https://www.livemint.com/Leisure/6iat7KQ4XITzuIs7pi9H4H/The-looking-glass-world-of-angry-men.html |archive-date=16 July 2019 |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === ''[[India's Sons]]'' ===<br /> <br /> In 2021, she produced another documentary called ''[[India's Sons]]'', which focused on the condition of India's men due to false rape cases.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=22 September 2019|title=India's Sons: Charged falsely, acquitted, but never really free|url=https://www.mid-day.com/sunday-mid-day/article/indias-sons-charged-falsely-acquitted-but-never-really-free-21774156|access-date=2 February 2022|website=www.mid-day.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; She said that the documentary &quot;inspired&quot; men to tell their side of the story.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=India's Sons: Documentary Inspires Men To Voice Their Side Of The Story|url=https://english.newsnationtv.com/entertainment/upcoming-movies/indias-son-documentary-inspires-men-to-voice-their-side-of-the-story-237228.html|access-date=2 February 2022|website=News Nation English|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Spotlight on struggles: Documentary on men falsely accused of rape|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/bengaluru/2022/may/17/spotlighton-strugglesdocumentary-on-men-falsely-accused-of-rape-2454313.html|access-date=17 May 2022|website=The New Indian Express|date=16 May 2022 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Special Cases handled ==<br /> Deepika rescued a minor from [[Gurgaon]] who was being assaulted and subjected to abject cruelty of all forms.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Exclusive: Journalist who rescued minor domestic help in India's Gurgaon relives horror of abuse |url=https://www.wionews.com/india-news/india-journalist-who-rescued-minor-domestic-help-in-gurgaon-relives-horror-of-abuse-560714 |access-date=2023-07-16 |website=WION |date=10 February 2023 |language=en-us}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In an instance where a woman hired cab for over 12 hours then refused to pay Rs 2,000 in Gurgaon, Bhardwaj claimed the woman had previously harassed other drivers by doing the same thing and threatened to file molestation cases against them if the issue was raised.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2023-07-24 |title=Woman hires cab for over 12 hours then refuses to pay Rs 2,000 in Gurgaon |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/new-updates/woman-hires-cab-for-over-12-hours-then-refuses-to-pay-rs-2000-in-gurgaon/articleshow/102057740.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2024-03-13 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Filmography ==<br /> ===Documentary===<br /> {| class = &quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Year<br /> ! Title<br /> ! class = &quot;unsortable&quot; | Notes<br /> <br /> |-<br /> | 2016<br /> | ''Martyrs of Marriage''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt6304018/?ref_=nm_knf_t1 |title=Martyrs of Marriage |website=[[IMDb]] |year=2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | Netflix (2018–2020)<br /> |-<br /> |2022<br /> | ''[[India's Sons]]''<br /> |<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> *[[Men's rights movement in India]]<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * {{IMDb name|nm8625612}}<br /> * {{twitter|DeepikaBhardwaj}}<br /> * {{facebook|DeepikaNarayanBhardwaj}}<br /> * {{instagram|deepikanarayanbhardwaj}}<br /> <br /> {{authority control}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Bhardwaj, Deepika Narayan}}<br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:1986 births]]<br /> [[Category:Indian women documentary filmmakers]]<br /> [[Category:Indian documentary film directors]]<br /> [[Category:Indian producers]]<br /> [[Category:Indian human rights activists]]<br /> [[Category:Indian activist journalists]]<br /> [[Category:Indian women human rights activists]]<br /> [[Category:People from Gurgaon]]<br /> [[Category:Activists from Haryana]]<br /> [[Category:Journalists from Haryana]]<br /> [[Category:Masculists]]<br /> [[Category:Men's rights activists]]<br /> [[Category:21st-century Indian journalists]]<br /> [[Category:21st-century Indian women journalists]]</div>

Ellen248280 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Undi_Assembly_constituency&diff=542607 2026-04-14T03:38:15Z

<p>Ellen248280: Adding A Data.</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Constituency of the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly, India}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=June 2019}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=June 2019}}<br /> {{Infobox Indian constituency<br /> | name = Undi<br /> | map_image = Legislative Assembly constituencies of Andhra Pradesh (60-Undi highlighted).png<br /> | map_caption = Location of Undi Assembly constituency within Andhra Pradesh<br /> | mla = [[Raghu Rama Krishna Raju]]<br /> | party = {{Party index link|Telugu Desam Party}}<br /> | alliance = {{Party index link|National Democratic Alliance}}<br /> | latest_election_year = [[2024 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2024]]<br /> | state = [[Andhra Pradesh]]<br /> | district = [[West Godavari district|West Godavari]]<br /> | loksabha_cons = [[Narasapuram Lok Sabha constituency|Narsapuram]]<br /> | reservation = None<br /> | incumbent_image = K. Raghu Rama Krishna Raju.jpg<br /> | electors = 219,488<br /> | established = 1951<br /> | type = SLA<br /> | constituency_no = 60<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Undi Assembly constituency''' is a constituency in [[West Godavari district]] of [[Andhra Pradesh]] that elects representatives to the [[Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] in [[India]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://ceoandhra.nic.in/ceoap_new/ceo/documents/Electors_Summary%20_25.03.2019.pdf|title=Electors Summary|date=25 May 2019|website=Chief Electoral Officer, Andhra Pradesh|access-date=24 May 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; It is one of the seven assembly segments of [[Narasapuram Lok Sabha constituency]].&lt;ref name=&quot;constituencies&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf|title=Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008|date=17 December 2018|website=The Election Commission of India|pages=20, 30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181003220916/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf|archive-date=3 October 2018|url-status=dead|access-date=24 May 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> <br /> {{Pie chart<br /> |value1 = 29.41<br /> |value2 = 52.94<br /> |value3 = 5.88<br /> |value4 = 11.77<br /> |label1 = [[Indian National Congress|'''INC''' (5 terms)]]<br /> |label2 = [[Telugu Desam Party|'''TDP''' (9 terms)]]<br /> |label3 = [[Indian National Congress (I)|'''INC(I)''' (1 term)]]<br /> |label4 = [[Independent (politician)|'''Independent''' (2 term)]]<br /> |color1 = {{party color|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |color2 = {{party color|Telugu Desam Party}}<br /> |color3 = {{party color|Indian National Congress (I)}}<br /> |color4 = {{party color|Independent (politician)}}<br /> |caption = Most successful political parties}}<br /> <br /> [[Raghu Rama Krishna Raju]] is the current [[Member of Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]] of the constituency, having won the [[2024 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]] from [[Telugu Desam Party]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Assembly Election 2024 |url=http://results.eci.gov.in/ac/en/constituencywise/ConstituencywiseS011.htm |website=Election Commission of India |access-date=24 May 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; As of 2019, there are a total of 219,488 electors in the constituency.&lt;ref name=&quot;electors&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://ceoandhra.nic.in/ceoap_new/ceo/documents/Electors_Summary%20_25.03.2019.pdf|title=Electors Summary|date=25 May 2019|website=Chief Electoral Officer, Andhra Pradesh|access-date=24 May 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{update after|2024|7}} The constituency was established in 1951, as per the ''Delimitation Orders (1951)''.<br /> <br /> == Mandals ==<br /> The five mandals that form the assembly constituency are:&lt;ref name=&quot;constituencies&quot; /&gt;<br /> {{srn}}<br /> {|class=&quot;wikitable sortable static-row-numbers static-row-header-hash&quot;<br /> !Mandal<br /> |-<br /> | [[Kalla]]<br /> |-<br /> | [[Palacoderu]]<br /> |-<br /> | [[Undi]]<br /> |-<br /> | [[Akividu]]<br /> |-<br /> | [[Bhimavaram]]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == Members of the Legislative Assembly ==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; <br /> |-<br /> ! Year<br /> ! Member<br /> ! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | Political party<br /> |-<br /> | [[1952 Madras Legislative Assembly election|1952]]<br /> | Dantuluri Narayana Raju<br /> | {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=3}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[1955 Andhra State Legislative Assembly election|1955]]<br /> | Gadiraju Jagannadharaju<br /> |-<br /> | [[1962 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1962]]<br /> | Gokaraju Rangaraju<br /> |-<br /> | [[1967 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1967]]<br /> | K. K. Rao<br /> | {{Full party name with color|Independent (politician)|rowspan=2}}<br /> |-<br /> | 1970 by-election<br /> | K. A. Gokaraju<br /> |-<br /> | [[1972 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1972]]<br /> | Danduboyiwa Perazah<br /> | {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[1978 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1978]]<br /> | Gottumukkala Rama Chandraraju<br /> | style=&quot;background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress (I)}}&quot; |<br /> | [[Indian National Congress (I)]]<br /> |-<br /> | [[1983 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1983]]<br /> | rowspan=5 |Kalidindi Ramachandra Raju<br /> | {{Full party name with color|Telugu Desam Party|rowspan=5}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[1985 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1985]]<br /> |-<br /> | [[1989 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1989]]<br /> |-<br /> | [[1994 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1994]]<br /> |-<br /> | [[1999 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1999]]<br /> |-<br /> | [[2004 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2004]]<br /> | Pathapati Sarraju<br /> | {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[2009 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2009]]<br /> | rowspan=2 |[[Vetukuri Venkata Siva Rama Raju]]<br /> | {{Full party name with color|Telugu Desam Party|rowspan=4}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[2014 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2014]]<br /> |-<br /> | [[2019 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2019]]<br /> | [[Mantena Rama Raju]]<br /> |-<br /> | [[2024 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2024]]<br /> | [[Raghu Rama Krishna Raju]]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == Election results ==<br /> === 2004 ===<br /> {{Election box begin | title=[[2004 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Undi}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Indian National Congress<br /> |candidate = Pathapati Sarraju<br /> |votes = 65,666<br /> |percentage = 56.51<br /> |change = +25.43<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Telugu Desam Party<br /> |candidate = Kalidindi Ramachandra Raju<br /> |votes = 46,178<br /> |percentage = 39.74<br /> |change = -5.29<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box majority|<br /> |votes = 19,488<br /> |percentage = 16.77<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box turnout|<br /> |votes = 116,209<br /> |percentage = 79.40<br /> |change = +9.70<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link|<br /> |winner = Indian National Congress<br /> |loser = Telugu Desam Party<br /> |swing = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === 2009 ===<br /> {{Election box begin | title=[[2009 Andhra Pradesh state assembly elections]]: Undi}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Telugu Desam Party<br /> |candidate = [[Vetukuri Venkata Siva Rama Raju]] (Kalavapudi Siva)<br /> |votes = 68,102<br /> |percentage = 42.07<br /> |change = +2.33<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Indian National Congress<br /> |candidate = Pathapati Sarraju<br /> |votes = 52,534<br /> |percentage = 32.34<br /> |change = -24.17<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Praja Rajyam Party<br /> |candidate = Pallaya Vanapalli<br /> |votes = 34,765<br /> |percentage = 21.47<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box majority|<br /> |votes = 15,568<br /> |percentage = 9.73<br /> |change =<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box turnout|<br /> |votes = 161,888<br /> |percentage = 88.10<br /> |change = +8.70<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link|<br /> |winner = Telugu Desam Party<br /> |loser = Indian National Congress<br /> |swing = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === 2014 ===<br /> {{Election box begin | title=[[2014 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Undi}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Telugu Desam Party<br /> |candidate = [[Vetukuri Venkata Siva Rama Raju]] (Kalavapudi Siva)<br /> |votes = 101,530<br /> |percentage = 58.21<br /> |change =<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = YSR Congress Party<br /> |candidate = Pathapati Sarraju<br /> |votes = 65299<br /> |percentage = 37.44<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box majority|<br /> |votes = 36,231<br /> |percentage = 20.77<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box turnout|<br /> |votes = 174,422<br /> |percentage = 86.26<br /> |change = -1.84<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link|<br /> |winner = Telugu Desam Party<br /> |loser = <br /> |swing = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === 2019 ===<br /> {{Election box begin | title=[[2019 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Undi}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Telugu Desam Party<br /> |candidate = [[Mantena Rama Raju ]] <br /> |votes = 82,730<br /> |percentage = 44.46<br /> |change =<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = YSR Congress Party<br /> |candidate = P. V. L. Narasimha Raju<br /> |votes = 71,781<br /> |percentage = 38.58<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Communist Party of India<br /> |candidate = B Balarama Raju<br /> |votes = 24,737<br /> |percentage = 13.29<br /> |change =<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box majority|<br /> |votes = 10,949<br /> |percentage = 5.88<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box turnout|<br /> |votes = 186,077<br /> |percentage = 84.78<br /> |change = -1.48<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link|<br /> |winner = Telugu Desam Party<br /> |loser =<br /> |swing = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === 2024 ===<br /> {{Election box begin | title=[[2024 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Undi&lt;ref name=&quot;2024 Assembly Results&quot;&gt;{{cite news |publisher=Election Commission of India |title=2024 Assembly Results |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/AcResultGenJune2024/candidateswise-S0160.htm |accessdate=4 June 2024 |date=4 June 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Telugu Desam Party <br /> |candidate = [[Raghu Rama Krishna Raju]]<br /> |votes = 1,16,902<br /> |percentage = 59.80<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = YSR Congress Party<br /> |candidate = P. V. L. Narasimha Raju<br /> |votes = 60,125<br /> |percentage = 30.76<br /> |change =<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = All India Forward Bloc<br /> |candidate = [[Vetukuri Venkata Siva Rama Raju]]<br /> |votes = 13,260<br /> |percentage = 6.78<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link||party=NOTA|candidate=None Of The Above|votes=1,607|percentage=0.82|change=}}<br /> {{Election box majority||votes=56,777|percentage=29.04|change=}}<br /> {{Election box turnout||votes=1,95,472|percentage=|change=}}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link|<br /> |winner = Telugu Desam Party <br /> |loser = YSR Congress Party <br /> |swing = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> == See also ==<br /> * [[List of constituencies of the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> {{Coord|16.59|81.47|display=title}}<br /> {{Assembly constituencies of Andhra Pradesh}}<br /> [[Category:Assembly constituencies of Andhra Pradesh]]<br /> [[Category:West Godavari district]]<br /> [[Category:Politics of Andhra Pradesh]]<br /> [[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1951]]<br /> [[Category:1951 establishments in Madras State]]</div>

Ellen248280 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sundarpur,_Jiwachhghat&diff=538288 2026-04-10T12:58:19Z

<p>Ellen248280: Adding New Stub.</p> <hr /> <div>{{distinguish|Sundarpur, Darbhanga, Bihar}}<br /> {{Unreferenced|date=April 2026}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}<br /> {{Infobox settlement<br /> | name = Sundarpur<br /> | other_name = <br /> | nickname = <br /> | settlement_type = Village<br /> | image_skyline = <br /> | image_alt = <br /> | image_caption = <br /> | pushpin_map = India Bihar#India<br /> | pushpin_label_position = right<br /> | pushpin_map_alt = <br /> | pushpin_map_caption = Location in Bihar, India<br /> | coordinates = {{coord|26|11|22.7|N|85|59|59.4|E|display=inline,title}}<br /> | subdivision_type = Country<br /> | subdivision_name = India<br /> | subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]<br /> | subdivision_name1 = [[Bihar]]<br /> | subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]<br /> | subdivision_name2 = [[Darbhanga district|Darbhanga]]<br /> | established_title = &lt;!-- Established --&gt;<br /> | established_date = <br /> | founder = <br /> | named_for = <br /> | government_type = <br /> | governing_body = <br /> | unit_pref = Metric<br /> | area_footnotes = <br /> | area_rank = <br /> | area_total_km2 = <br /> | elevation_footnotes = <br /> | elevation_m = <br /> | population_total = <br /> | population_as_of = <br /> | population_rank = <br /> | population_density_km2 = auto<br /> | population_demonym = <br /> | population_footnotes = <br /> | demographics_type1 = Languages<br /> | demographics1_title1 = Official<br /> | demographics1_info1 = [[Maithili language|Maithili]], [[Hindi language|Hindi]], [[Urdu language|Urdu]] <br /> | timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br /> | utc_offset1 = +5:30<br /> | postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]<br /> | postal_code = <br /> | post_office = <br /> | area_code_type = Telephone code<br /> | area_code = 06272<br /> | registration_plate = <br /> | blank1_name_sec1 = Coastline<br /> | blank1_info_sec1 = &lt;!-- {{Convert|0|km|mi}} --&gt;<br /> | blank2_name_sec1 = Nearest city<br /> | blank2_info_sec1 = [[Darbhanga]] [[Sakri]] [[Madhubani, India|Madhubani]]<br /> | blank1_name_sec2 = Avg. summer temperature<br /> | blank1_info_sec2 = {{convert|40|°C|°F}}<br /> | blank2_name_sec2 = Avg. winter temperature<br /> | blank2_info_sec2 = {{convert|2|°C|°F}}<br /> | website = <br /> | iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:IN|IN-BR]]<br /> | footnotes = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Sundarpur''' is a village at Jiwachhghat Bus Stop in [[Darbhanga district]] of [[Bihar]] state in [[India]]. It is located 10&amp;nbsp;km from [[Darbhanga]] on [[National Highway 57 (India)|National Highway 57]] (NH 57). It is 108&amp;nbsp;km from Bihar's capital city [[Patna]].<br /> <br /> ==Nearest villages==<br /> Besides Jiwachhghat, Kharua, Islam Pur, Loam, [[Muria, Bihar|Muria]], Adalpur, Bijuli, Dularpur, Atihar, Balha, Basudeopur, Dhoi, Khutwara, Belhi, [[Chhatwan]], Tarsarai, Andhari, Mukrampoor and many other villages are in Darbhanga Tehsil.<br /> <br /> ==Geography==<br /> It is 10&amp;nbsp;km from Darbhanga on NH 57 in Bihar.<br /> <br /> ==Schools==<br /> * Janta high school Jiwachhghat (Darbhanga)<br /> * Rajkiye Prathmik Vidyalay, Sundarpur <br /> * Rajkiye Madhyay Vidyalay, Kharua<br /> <br /> ==Nearest Railway Station==<br /> Tarsarai Railway Station.<br /> <br /> ==Nearest Airport==<br /> [[Darbhanga Airport]]<br /> <br /> ==Pincode==<br /> 846004<br /> <br /> [[Category:Villages in Darbhanga district]]<br /> <br /> {{Darbhanga-geo-stub}}</div>

Ellen248280 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kailas_Gorantyal&diff=507403 2026-04-10T04:00:10Z

<p>Ellen248280: article</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian politician}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=November 2022}}<br /> {{Infobox officeholder<br /> | name = Kailas Gorantyal<br /> | native_name = कैलास गोरंटयाल<br /> | image = <br /> | office = Member of [[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly]]<br /> | term_start = (1999-2004), (2009-2014), (2019<br /> | term_end = 2024)<br /> | constituency = [[Jalna Assembly constituency]]<br /> | predecessor = [[Arjun Khotkar]]<br /> | successor = [[Arjun Khotkar]]<br /> | birth_date = {{birth date and age|09 April 1965}}<br /> | birth_place = [[Jalna, Maharashtra|Jalna]], [[Maharashtra]]<br /> | occupation = Farming and Business<br /> | children = Akshay Gorantyal<br /> | party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] {{small|(Since Aug 2025)}}<br /> | other_party = [[Indian National Congress]] {{small|(Till July 2025)}}<br /> | profession = Politician<br /> | parents = Kisanrao Vyankayya Gorantyal<br /> | spouse = Sangita Gorantyal<br /> | sibling = <br /> | education = 10th Pass S.S.C, From Shree Mahavir Sthnakvasi Jain Vidhylay, Jalna, In March 1979 &amp; Graduate From [[Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University]] In 1987<br /> | website = <br /> | salary = {{INRConvert|350000}}&lt;br/&gt;(incl. allowances) per month&lt;ref name=&quot;Salaries, allowances and facilities to Members&quot;&gt;{{cite news|title=Salaries, allowances and facilities to Members|publisher=[[Lok Sabha]] website|access-date=15 August 2016|url=http://164.100.47.192/loksabha/writereaddata/Updates/EventLSS_635627139100708482_English%20FACILITIES64p.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160823110733/http://164.100.47.192/loksabha/writereaddata/Updates/EventLSS_635627139100708482_English%20FACILITIES64p.pdf|archive-date=23 August 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Kailas Gorantyal''' is a member of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party|Bhartiya Janta Party(BJP)]]. He left the [[Indian National Congress]] in Aug 2025<br /> <br /> ==Positions held==<br /> <br /> * 1999: Elected to Maharashtra Legislative Assembly (1st term)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://eci.nic.in/archive/Sep2004/pollupd/ac/states/S13/Aconst164.htm |title=State Elections 2004 - Constituency wise detail for Jalna Constituency of Maharashtra |website=eci.nic.in |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090411002017/http://eci.nic.in/archive/Sep2004/pollupd/ac/states/S13/Aconst164.htm |archive-date=2009-04-11}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * 2009: Re-Elected to Maharashtra Legislative Assembly (2nd term) &lt;ref name = JalnaMLAs&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.elections.in/maharashtra/assembly-constituencies/jalna.html | title = Sitting and previous MLAs from jalna Assembly Constituency}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * 2019: Re-Elected to [[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly]] (3rd term)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=25 October 2019 |title=राज्यातील विजयी उमेदवारांची यादी येथे पाहा|url=https://marathi.indiatimes.com/maharashtra/mumbai-news/vidhan-sabha-nivadnuk-list-of-winning-candidates-in-the-state/articleshow/71749478.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221026162142/https://maharashtratimes.com/maharashtra/mumbai-news/vidhan-sabha-nivadnuk-list-of-winning-candidates-in-the-state/amp_articleshow/71749478.cms |archive-date=26 October 2022 |access-date=21 November 2022 |website= [[Maharashtra Times]] |language=Marathi<br /> }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=24 October 2019 |title=Maharashtra Election 2019 Winners Full List: Check full list of winning candidates in Maharashtra Vidhan Sabha Chunav 2019 |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/maharashtra-assembly-election-2019-winners-full-list/1744244/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221026205732/https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/maharashtra-assembly-election-2019-winners-full-list/1744244/ |archive-date=26 October 2022 |access-date=21 November 2022 |website=[[The Financial Express (India)|The Financial Express]]|language=English<br /> }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Gorantyal, Kailas}}<br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:Maharashtra MLAs 2019–2024]]<br /> [[Category:Maharashtra MLAs 2009–2014]]<br /> [[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Maharashtra]]<br /> [[Category:People from Jalna, Maharashtra]]<br /> [[Category:1965 births]]<br /> <br /> <br /> {{Maharashtra-INC-politician-stub}}</div>

Ellen248280 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Damu_Naik&diff=495474 2026-03-31T02:41:43Z

<p>Ellen248280: created first page with sources</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian politician}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=August 2024}}<br /> {{Infobox officeholder<br /> | name = Damu Naik<br /> | image = File:Damodar Gajanan Naik (Damu G. Naik).png<br /> | alt = Damoder G. Naik&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url= https://www.prudentmedia.in/special-feature/30-years-of-struggle-of-damu-naik-prudent-120921/21202.html | title= 30 years of Damodar Gajanan Naik (Damu G. Naik}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | caption = <br /> | birth_name = Damodar Gajanan Naik<br /> | birth_date = {{bda|df=y|6 September 1971}}<br /> | birth_place = [[Margao]], [[Goa]], [[India]]<br /> | occupation = Politician &amp; Actor<br /> | party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]<br /> | years_active = <br /> | known_for = Indian Politician, an Actor and producer of Konkani movies.<br /> | office = President, [[Bharatiya Janata Party, Goa]]<br /> | term_start = 18 January 2025<br /> | predecessor = [[Sadanand Shet Tanavade]]<br /> | term_end = | president = [[J. P. Nadda]]&lt;br /&gt; [[Nitin Nabin]]<br /> | successor = <br /> | office1 = Member of the [[Goa Legislative Assembly]]<br /> | constituency1 = [[Fatorda Assembly constituency|Fatorda]]<br /> | term_start1 = 2002<br /> | predecessor1 = [[Luis Cardoz]]<br /> | term_end1 = 2012<br /> | successor1 = [[Vijai Sardesai]]<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Damodar Gajanan &quot;Damu&quot; Naik''' (born 6 September 1971) is an Indian politician and associated with the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] from the state of [[Goa]]. He serves as the current president of the state unit. He was the member for the [[Fatorda Assembly constituency]] of the [[Goa Legislative Assembly]] between 2002 and 2012 in the Cabinet of [[Manohar Parrikar]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://indianexpress.com/about/manohar-parrikar/| title= Late Manohar Parrikar}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Early life and education ==<br /> Damodar Naik&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url= https://www.news18.com/assembly-elections-2022/goa/damu-g.-naik-fatorda-candidate-s05a030c01/ | title= Damu Naik Fatorda candidate}}&lt;/ref&gt; was born on 6 September 1971 to Gajanan B. Naik and Laxmi G. Naik. He obtained a [[Bachelor of Arts]] from [[Goa University]] in 1994.{{cn|date=December 2022}}<br /> <br /> == Political career ==<br /> He represented the [[Fatorda Assembly constituency]] for the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://www.goavidhansabha.gov.in/member-election-detail.php?id=77&amp;flag=MEM | title=Damodar (Damu Naik) Goa Vidhan Sabha | access-date=6 July 2022 | archive-date=5 March 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220305113404/https://www.goavidhansabha.gov.in/member-election-detail.php?id=77&amp;flag=MEM | url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://www.news18.com/assembly-elections-2022/goa/damu-g.-naik-fatorda-candidate-s05a030c01/ | title= Damu G. Naik BJP Fatorda Goa}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://myneta.info/goa2022/candidate.php?candidate_id=89 | title= Damu G. Naik Lok Sabha 2019 Fatorda Goa}}&lt;/ref&gt; He was elected to the [[Goa Legislative Assembly]] from the same constituency in the [[2002 Goa Legislative Assembly election]] and the [[2007 Goa Legislative Assembly election]]. He served as the National Executive Member of [[Bharatiya Janata Yuva Morcha]] in 2006. He contested for the [[Goa Legislative Assembly]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://www.latestly.com/elections/assembly-elections/goa/2012/fatorda/damodar-damu-g-naik/ | title= Assembly election candidate from Fatorda}}&lt;/ref&gt; from [[Fatorda]] constituency &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Goa Election 2022: Fatorda Assembly Seat |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/elections/goa-assembly-election/fatorda-186066493 |website=www.hindustantimes.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; in February 2022 as a member of [[Bharatiya Janata Party]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url= https://www.britannica.com/topic/Bharatiya-Janata-Party | title= The BJP}}&lt;/ref&gt; and lost to Vijay Sardessai by 1527 votes.{{cn|date=December 2022}}<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> * [http://goaassembly.gov.in/member.php?id=146&amp;flag=MLA&amp;aid=7 Members of the Goa Legislative Assembly] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160531071810/http://goaassembly.gov.in/member.php?id=146&amp;flag=MLA&amp;aid=7 |date=2016-05-31 }}<br /> * [https://hindi.news18.com/assembly-elections/goa/fatorda-election-result-s05a030/ fatorda Vidhan Sabha Chunav 2022: Assembly Elections News, fatorda Constituency, Vidhan Sabha Seat- hindi.news18.com]<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Naik, Damu}}<br /> [[Category:1971 births]]<br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:Goa MLAs 2002–2007]]<br /> [[Category:Goa MLAs 2007–2012]]<br /> [[Category:Politicians from South Goa district]]<br /> [[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Goa]]</div>

Ellen248280 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Taarak_Mehta_Ka_Ooltah_Chashmah&diff=458006 2026-03-28T22:11:04Z

<p>Ellen248280: improved article</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian sitcom television series}}<br /> {{pp|small=yes}} <br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=March 2022}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}<br /> {{Infobox television<br /> | image = Taarak Mehta Ka Ooltah Chashmah.jpg<br /> | image_alt = Taarak Mehta Ka Ooltah Chashmah<br /> | alt_name = TMKOC<br /> | caption = <br /> | genre = [[Sitcom]]&lt;br&gt;[[Comedy]]<br /> | creator = [[Asit Kumarr Modi]]<br /> | based_on = {{based on|''Duniya Ne Undha Chashmah''| [[Tarak Mehta]]}}<br /> | writer = &lt;!--Do not use if the show has many (5+) writers. --&gt;<br /> | director = {{plainlist|<br /> * Dharmessh Mehta<br /> * Abhishek Sharma<br /> * Dheeraj Palshetkar<br /> * Harshad Joshi<br /> * Malav Suresh Rajda<br /> }}<br /> | starring = [[Taarak Mehta Ka Ooltah Chashmah#Cast and characters|See below]]<br /> | open_theme = {{Lang|hi-latn|Taarak Mehta Ka Ooltah Chashmah}}<br /> | end_theme = <br /> | composer = Sunil Patni<br /> | country = India<br /> | language = Hindi<br /> | num_seasons = 1<br /> | num_episodes = 4,670&lt;!--as of 28 March 2026--&gt;&lt;!-- Do not uncomment the preceding text. This field is for a number only and the date should not be visible.--&gt;| list_episodes = <br /> | executive_producer = <br /> | producer = {{plainlist|<br /> * [[Asit Kumarr Modi]]<br /> * Neela Asit Modi<br /> }}<br /> | editor = <br /> | camera = [[Multi-camera]]<br /> | runtime = 19–22 minutes<br /> | company = [[Neela Film Productions]]<br /> | network = [[Sony SAB]]<br /> | first_aired = {{Start date|df=y|2008|07|28}}<br /> | last_aired = present<br /> | narrator = [[Shailesh Lodha]] (2008–2022)&lt;br /&gt; [[Sachin Shroff]] (2022–present)<br /> | related = ''[[Taarak Mehta Kka Chhota Chashmah]]''<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''''Taarak Mehta Ka Ooltah Chashmah''''' ({{Translation|&quot;Taarak Mehta's Inverted Spectacles&quot;}}), often abbreviated as '''''TMKOC''''', is an Indian [[sitcom]] and [[comedy]] based on the weekly column ''Duniya Ne Undha Chasma'' by [[Tarak Mehta]] for the magazine ''[[Chitralekha (weekly)|Chitralekha]]''. Produced by [[Asit Kumarr Modi]], it is one of the [[List of longest-running Indian television series|longest-running television series in India]]. The series premiered on 28 July 2008 on [[Sony SAB]] and is also digitally available on [[SonyLIV]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tv/munmun-dutta-opens-up-about-the-controversy-surrounding-taarak-mehta-ka-ooltah-chashmah-comes-out-in-support-of-guracharan-singh-sodhi/articleshow/60731844.cms|title=Munmun Dutta opens up about the controversy surrounding Taarak Mehta Ka Ooltah Chashmah; comes out in support of Gurcharan Singh (Sodhi)|date=18 September 2017|newspaper=Mumbai Mirror|access-date=7 April 2019|archive-date=8 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220108142014/https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tv/munmun-dutta-opens-up-about-the-controversy-surrounding-taarak-mehta-ka-ooltah-chashmah-comes-out-in-support-of-guracharan-singh-sodhi/articleshow/60731844.cms|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Plot ==<br /> The series is set in Mumbai and follows the lives of the residents of Gokuldham Co-operative Housing Society, a diverse community with people from different cultural and regional backgrounds.<br /> <br /> Most storylines focus on an individual, a family, or sometimes the entire society as they encounter and resolve various problems. The characters frequently support one another and celebrate festivals together, highlighting their close-knit bond.<br /> <br /> A recurring theme centers on Jethalal Champaklal Gada, who often finds himself in comical situations and troubles, with brief moments of relief before new challenges arise.<br /> <br /> == Cast and characters ==<br /> [[File:TMKOC Cast.jpg|thumb|Main cast of TMKOC in 2011 celebrating Navaratri]]<br /> === Main ===<br /> * [[Dilip Joshi]] as [[Jethalal Gada|Jethalal &quot;Jetha/Jethiya&quot; Champaklal Gada]]: Champaklal's son; He runs ''Gada Electronics'' electronics shop. (2008–present)<br /> * [[Disha Vakani]] as [[Daya Jethalal Gada]]: Jethalal's wife (2008–2017; 2018; 2019)<br /> * [[Bhavya Gandhi]] as [[Tipendra Jethalal Gada|Tipendra &quot;Tapu&quot; Jethalal Gada]]: Jethalal and Daya's son (2008–2017)<br /> ** Raj Anadkat replaced Gandhi as Tipendra (2017–2022)&lt;ref name=&quot;auto3&quot;&gt;{{cite web|date=4 March 2017|title=Raj Anadkat is new Tappu on Tarak Mehta Ka Ooltah Chashmah, will play a college student|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/raj-anadkat-is-new-tappu-on-tarak-mehta-ka-ooltah-chashmah-will-play-a-college-student-4554176/|website=[[The Indian Express]]|author=Priyanka Sharma|access-date=28 August 2019|archive-date=25 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190825134351/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/raj-anadkat-is-new-tappu-on-tarak-mehta-ka-ooltah-chashmah-will-play-a-college-student-4554176/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Taarak Mehta Ka Ooltah Chashmah's 'Tapu' Raj Anadkat breaks silence on quitting show. Here's what he said|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/tv/taarak-mehta-ka-ooltah-chashmah-s-tapu-raj-anadkat-breaks-silence-on-quitting-show-101670323788266-amp.html|access-date=2023-02-09|website=The Hindustan Times|date=6 December 2022|language=en|archive-date=21 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230121090902/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/tv/taarak-mehta-ka-ooltah-chashmah-s-tapu-raj-anadkat-breaks-silence-on-quitting-show-101670323788266-amp.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> ** Nitish Bhaluni replaced Anadkat as Tipendra (2023–present)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Exclusive! Meet the new Tapu in Taarak Mehta Ka Ooltah Chashmah – Nitish Bhaluni|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/exclusive-meet-the-new-tapu-in-taarak-mehta-ka-ooltah-chashmah-nitish-bhaluni/articleshow/97768558.cms|access-date=2023-02-09|website=The Times of India|date=9 February 2023|language=en|archive-date=12 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230212101234/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/exclusive-meet-the-new-tapu-in-taarak-mehta-ka-ooltah-chashmah-nitish-bhaluni/articleshow/97768558.cms|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * [[Amit Bhatt]] as Champaklal Jayantilal Gada: Jethalal's father (2008–present).<br /> **Bhatt also portrayed Jayantilal Girdharlal Gada, Champaklal's father (2021)<br /> * [[Shailesh Lodha]] as Taarak Mehta: A poet and writer by hobby and a trading company employee by profession (2008–2022)<br /> ** [[Sachin Shroff]] replaced Lodha as Taarak. (2022–present)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Sachin Shroff replaces Shailesh Lodha in Taarak Mehta Ka Ooltah Chashmah, confirms producer|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/soaps/story/sachin-shroff-replaces-shailesh-lodha-in-taarak-mehta-ka-ooltah-chashmah-confirms-producer-1999295-2022-09-12|access-date=2022-09-12|website=India Today| date=12 September 2022 |language=en|archive-date=12 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220912092635/https://www.indiatoday.in/amp/television/soaps/story/sachin-shroff-replaces-shailesh-lodha-in-taarak-mehta-ka-ooltah-chashmah-confirms-producer-1999295-2022-09-12#aoh=16629744557979&amp;referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com&amp;amp_tf=From%20%251%24s|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * [[Neha Mehta]] as Anjali Taarak Mehta: Taarak's wife (2008–2020)<br /> ** [[Sunayana Fozdar]] replaced Mehta as Anjali (2020–present)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/exclusive-taarak-mehta-ka-ooltah-chashmah-sunayana-fozdar-replaces-neha-mehta-in-the-show-the-actress-to-play-taaraks-wife/articleshow/77700421.cms|title=Exclusive – Taarak Mehta Ka Ooltah Chashmah: Sunayana Fozdar replaces Neha Mehta in the show; the actress to play Taarak's wife|website=Times of India|date=23 August 2020|access-date=23 August 2020|language=en|archive-date=23 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200823082502/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/exclusive-taarak-mehta-ka-ooltah-chashmah-sunayana-fozdar-replaces-neha-mehta-in-the-show-the-actress-to-play-taaraks-wife/articleshow/77700421.cms|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * Tanuj Mahashabde as Krishnan Subramaniam Iyer: A scientist from [[Chennai]]. Babita's husband (2008–present)<br /> * [[Munmun Dutta]] as Babita Krishnan Iyer: Iyer's wife; (2008–present)<br /> * [[Mandar Chandwadkar]] as [[Atmaram Bhide|Aatmaram Tukaram Bhide]]: A tuition teacher from [[Ratnagiri]], [[Maharashtra]] and secretary of Gokuldham Society. Madhavi's husband; Sonu's father (2008–present)<br /> * [[Sonalika Joshi]] as Madhavi Aatmaram Bhide: Aatmaram's wife; runs an Achar &amp; Papad Business (2008–present)<br /> * Jheel Mehta as Sonalika &quot;Sonu&quot; Aatmaram Bhide: Aatmaram and Madhavi's daughter (2008–2012)<br /> ** Nidhi Bhanushali replaced Mehta as Sonu (2012–2019)<br /> ** Palak Sindhwani replaced Bhanushali as Sonu&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Taarak Mehta Ka Ooltah Chashma: Palak Sindhwani is the new Sonu after Nidhi Bhanushali's exit|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/taarak-mehta-ka-ooltah-chashma-palak-sidhwani-is-the-new-sonu-after-nidhi-bhanushali-s-exit/story-Prx2uo1wIJ2LxOrgVhj5fP.html|date=24 August 2019|website=Hindustan Times|access-date=24 August 2019|archive-date=24 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190824085243/https://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/taarak-mehta-ka-ooltah-chashma-palak-sidhwani-is-the-new-sonu-after-nidhi-bhanushali-s-exit/story-Prx2uo1wIJ2LxOrgVhj5fP.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; (2019–2024)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-09-27 |title=Taarak Mehta's Palak Sindhwani accuses makers of 'exploitation' after quitting show |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/celebrity/story/taarak-mehta-actor-palak-sidhwani-accuses-makers-of-exploitation-after-quitting-show-2607231-2024-09-27 |access-date=2024-09-28 |website=India Today |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/tv/taarak-mehta-ka-ooltah-chashmas-actor-palak-sidhwani-on-receiving-legal-notice-101727424186428.html | title=Taarak Mehta Ka Ooltah Chashma's actor Palak Sidhwani on receiving legal notice: 'Just because I want to quit the show' | work=Hindustan Times | date=27 September 2024 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> ** Khushi Mali replaced Sindhwani as Sonu (2024–present)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/exclusive-taarak-mehta-has-a-new-sonu-khushi-mali-replaces-palak-sindhwani/articleshow/113915785.cms|title=Exclusive! Taarak Mehta has a new Sonu, Khushi Mali replaces Palak Sindhwani|website=Times of India|date=4 October 2024|access-date=4 October 2024|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * Gurucharan Singh as Roshan Singh Harjeet Singh Sodhi; Roshan's husband; Gogi's father: He owns a garage. (2008–2013; 2014–2020)<br /> ** Laad Singh Maan replaced Singh as Sodhi,&lt;ref name=&quot;auto2&quot;&gt;{{cite web |date=2 April 2014 |title=Kritika Kamra will anchor MTV Webbed |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/screen/kritika-kamra-will-anchor-mtv-webbed/ |website=[[The Indian Express]] |access-date=28 August 2019 |archive-date=28 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190828040603/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/screen/kritika-kamra-will-anchor-mtv-webbed/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; but later Singh returned as Sodhi. (2013–2014)<br /> ** Balwinder Singh Suri replaced Gurucharan Singh as Sodhi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.jansatta.com/entertainment/television/taarak-mehta-ka-ooltah-chashmah-gurucharan-singh-out-of-tmkoc-new-sodhi-starts-shooting/1502442/|title=Taarak Mehta Ka Ooltah Chashmah: रोशन सिंह सोढ़ी ने छोड़ा शो, इस एक्टर की हुई शो में एंट्री|website=जनसत्ता|date=22 August 2020|access-date=22 August 2020|archive-date=29 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200929042650/https://www.jansatta.com/entertainment/television/taarak-mehta-ka-ooltah-chashmah-gurucharan-singh-out-of-tmkoc-new-sodhi-starts-shooting/1502442/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; (2020–present)<br /> *** Suri also portrayed Balvinder &quot;Ballu&quot; Singh Suri; Sodhi's friend (2019)<br /> * [[Jennifer Mistry Bansiwal]] as Roshan Kaur Sodhi:&lt;ref name=&quot;auto1&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Jennifer-Mistry-Basiwal-I-never-wanted-Dilkhush-to-get-replaced/articleshow/53739320.cms|title=Jennifer Mistry Basiwal: I never wanted Dilkhush to get replaced|website=The Times of India|date=18 August 2016|access-date=28 August 2019|archive-date=19 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190919154929/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Jennifer-Mistry-Basiwal-I-never-wanted-Dilkhush-to-get-replaced/articleshow/53739320.cms|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Roshan Singh's wife; Gogi's mother. She is a Parsi from [[Navsari]], who had a love marriage with Roshan Singh.&lt;ref name=&quot;auto1&quot; /&gt; (2008–2013; 2016–2023)<br /> ** Dilkhush Reporter replaced Jennifer as Roshan but later Jennifer returned in 2016. (2013–2016)<br /> ** Monaz Mevawalla replaced Jennifer as Roshan (2023–present)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/soaps/story/monaz-mevawala-mrs-roshan-singh-sodhi-taarak-mehta-ka-ooltah-chashmah-2472729-2023-12-06|title=Actor Monaz Mevawalla to replace Jennifer Mistry as Mrs Sodhi in 'Taarak Mehta...'|website=India Today|date=6 December 2023 |access-date=6 December 2023|archive-date=9 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240509082110/https://www.indiatoday.in/television/soaps/story/monaz-mevawala-mrs-roshan-singh-sodhi-taarak-mehta-ka-ooltah-chashmah-2472729-2023-12-06|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * Samay Shah as Gurcharan &quot;Gogi&quot; Singh Roshan Singh Sodhi: Roshan Singh and Roshan Kaur's son and the youngest member of Tapu Sena (2008–present)<br /> * Nirmal Soni as Dr. Hansraj Hathi:&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|date=7 September 2018|title=Confirmed: Nirmal Soni is new Dr. Haathi in Taarak Mehta Ka Ooltah Chashmah|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/confirmed-nirmal-soni-is-new-dr-haathi-in-taarak-mehta-ka-ooltah-chashmah/story-od9KO2DbiU4ezRH0TY8CDK.html|website=Hindustan Times|access-date=24 August 2019|archive-date=24 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190824085244/https://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/confirmed-nirmal-soni-is-new-dr-haathi-in-taarak-mehta-ka-ooltah-chashmah/story-od9KO2DbiU4ezRH0TY8CDK.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; An overweight doctor; Komal's husband; Goli's father. His catchphrase is ''sahi baat hai'' (that's right). (2008; 2018–present)<br /> ** [[Kavi Kumar Azad]] replaced Nirmal Soni as Dr. Hathi (2008–2018)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/kavi-kumar-azad-passes-away-actors-engage-in-drastic-weight-loss-or-gain-for-roles-but-at-what-cost-4705421.html|title=Kavi Kumar Azad passes away: Actors engage in drastic weight loss or gain for roles, but at what cost?|date=10 July 2018|website=Firstpost|access-date=16 August 2020|archive-date=19 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200819134320/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/kavi-kumar-azad-passes-away-actors-engage-in-drastic-weight-loss-or-gain-for-roles-but-at-what-cost-4705421.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> ** Soni also portrayed Dr. Vanraj Hathi, Dr. Hansraj Hathi's younger brother (2009–2011)<br /> * Ambika Ranjankar as Komal Hansraj Hathi: Dr. Hathi's wife; Goli's mother (2008–present)<br /> * Kush Shah as Gulab Kumar &quot;Goli&quot; Hansraj Hathi: Hansraj and Komal's son (2008–2024)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Taarak Mehta Ka Ooltah Chashmah introduces new Goli as Kush Shah bids adieu to his role after 16 years |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/taarak-mehta-ka-ooltah-chashmah-introduces-new-goli-as-kush-shah-bides-adieu-to-his-role-after-16-years/articleshow/112039509.cms |access-date=2024-07-26 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> ** Dharmit Turakhiya&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.bhaskar.com/entertainment/bollywood/news/dharmit-turakhia-becomes-the-new-goli-in-tarak-mehta-133403232.html|title=Dharmit Turakhia becomes the new Goli in 'Tarak Mehta...' &amp;#124; 'तारक मेहता...' में धर्मित तूरखिया बने नए गोली: रणवीर सिंह और हार्दिक पंड्या के साथ भी काम कर चुके हैं, शो में कुश शाह को किया रिप्लेस|work=Dainik Bhaskar |date=30 July 2024 |last1=जैन |first1=किरण }}&lt;/ref&gt; replaced Kush Shah as Goli. (2024–present)<br /> * [[Shyam Pathak]] as Popatlal &quot;Popu/Popat&quot; Pandey: He is commonly known as Patarkaar Popatlal, born in [[Bhopal]], Madhya Pradesh, he works as a senior crime reporter and digital edition head in the ''Toofan Express'' newspaper. (2009–present)<br /> * Azhar Shaikh as Pankaj &quot;Pinku&quot; Diwan Sahay: The oldest member of Tapu Sena, who initially lived in Gokuldham Society but later shifted to the neighboring Gulmohar Society. (2008–present)<br /> * Sharad Sankla as Abdul: Owner of a grocery shop ''All In One General Store'' (2008–present)<br /> * [[Ghanashyam Nayak]] as Natwarlal &quot;Nattu&quot; Prabhashankar Undhaiwala: Hailing from Undhai Village, Gujarat, Nattu is Jethalal's employee who handles the accounts section of Gada Electronics. (2008–2021)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Prime Minister Narendra Modi remembers late actors Ghanashyam Nayak and Arvind Trivedi, says 'We have lost two talented actors who won the hearts of people'|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/tv/hindi/prime-minister-narendra-modi-remembers-late-actors-ghanashyam-nayak-and-arvind-trivedi-says-we-have-lost-two-talented-actors-who-won-the-hearts-of-people/videoshow/86807205.cms|access-date=6 October 2021|newspaper=The Times of India|language=en|archive-date=6 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211006100517/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/tv/hindi/prime-minister-narendra-modi-remembers-late-actors-ghanashyam-nayak-and-arvind-trivedi-says-we-have-lost-two-talented-actors-who-won-the-hearts-of-people/videoshow/86807205.cms|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> ** Kiran Bhatt replaced Nayak as Natwarlal after his death. (2022–present)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/taarak-mehta-ka-ooltah-chashmah-gets-new-nattu-kaka-in-veteran-theatre-actor-kiran-bhatt/articleshow/92575168.cms|title=Taarak Mehta Ka Ooltah Chashmah gets new 'Nattu Kaka' in veteran theatre actor Kiran Bhatt - Times of India|website=The Times of India|date=30 June 2022|access-date=30 June 2022|archive-date=30 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220630181042/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/taarak-mehta-ka-ooltah-chashmah-gets-new-nattu-kaka-in-veteran-theatre-actor-kiran-bhatt/articleshow/92575168.cms|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * Tanmay Vekaria as Bagheshwar &quot;Bagha&quot; Daddu Undhaiwala: Nattu's nephew; Bawri's fiancé and Jetha's employee (2011–present)<br /> ** Vekaria also portrayed various characters (2008–2009)<br /> * Kuldeep Gor as Ratansi Chatursi Binjola: Businessman from Rajasthan (2025–present)&lt;ref name=&quot;Binjola&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |date=2025-08-19 |title=Asit Kumarr Modi introduces a new family to Gokuldham Society in Taarak Mehta Ka Ooltah Chashmah - Exclusive |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.cm/articleshow/123378782.cms |access-date=2025-08-19 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * [[Dharti Bhatt]] as Rupmati &quot;Rupa&quot; Baditop Binjola: Ratan Singh's wife (2025–present)&lt;ref name=&quot;Binjola&quot;/&gt;<br /> * Akshaan Sherawat as Veer Binjola: Ratan and Rupa's son, Bansari's brother (2025–present)&lt;ref name=&quot;Binjola&quot;/&gt;<br /> * Maahi Bhadra as Bansari Binjola: Daughter of Ratan and Rupa, Veer's sister (2025–present)&lt;ref name=&quot;Binjola&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> === Recurring ===<br /> * Priya Ahuja as Rita Shrivastav: She is commonly known as Rita Reporter, a reporter in ''Kal Tak'' news channel, a rival of &quot;Toofan Express&quot; in which Popatlal works. (2008; 2009–2010; 2013–2022)<br /> ** Nidhi Nautiyal replaced Ahuja as Rita. Ahuja was again cast in the role after Nautiyal left the show. (2010–2013)<br /> ** Ramsha Farooqui replaced Ahuja as Rita (2023–2024)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last1=Dwivedie |first1=Jaya |last2=Hindi |first2=India TV |date=2023-10-02 |title='तारक मेहता' में हुई नई एक्ट्रेस की एंट्री, जानें किसने किया पुरानी रिप्लेस |url=https://www.indiatv.in/entertainment/tv/taarak-mehta-ka-ooltah-chashmah-new-rita-reporter-ramsha-farooqui-replaces-priya-ahuja-know-about-her-2023-10-02-991912 |access-date=2024-10-21 |website=India TV Hindi |language=hi}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> ** Ami Joshi replaced Farooqui as Rita (2024–2025)<br /> ** Dipti Kashyap replaced Joshi as Rita (2025–present)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2025-08-22 |title=Taarak Mehta Ka Ooltah Chashmah में नई रीटा रिपोर्टर की हो सकती है एंट्री, रमशा फारूकी का कटा जाएगा पत्ता |url=https://www.prabhatkhabar.com/entertainment/taarak-mehta-ka-ooltah-chashmah-new-rita-reporter-to-enter-dipti-kashyap-to-replace-ramsha-farooqui-reports |access-date=2025-12-24 |website=Prabhat Khabar |language=hi}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * Anil Yadav as Matka King Mohanlal: Resident in Gokuldham Society (2008–2009)<br /> * Mayur Vakani as Sundar Lal: Daya's brother (2008–present)<br /> * Yash Patel as Magan, a worker at Gada Electronics (2008–present)<br /> * [[Daya Shankar Pandey]] as Inspector Chalu Pandey (2010–present): A police officer in Mumbai Police<br /> ** Pandey also appeared as himself (2010)<br /> * Rajshekhar Chandran as Constable Chandrashekhar Patil: Hawaldar, Inspector Chalu Pandey's assistant (2010–present)<br /> * Kanti Joshi as Baka: Sundar's friend (2010–2021, 2023–present)<br /> * Monika Bhadoriya as Bawri Dhondulal Kanpuria: Bagha's fiancée and love interest (2013–2019)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/tv/hindi/monika-bhadoriya-aka-bawri-quits-taarak-mehta-ka-ooltah-chashmah/videoshow/72195176.cms#:~:text=TV%20actress%20Monika%20Bhadoriya%2C%20best,had%20moulded%20it%20her%20way.|title=Monika Bhadoriya aka Bawri quits 'Taarak Mehta Ka Ooltah Chashmah'|website=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=6 January 2021|archive-date=26 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191126111934/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/tv/hindi/monika-bhadoriya-aka-bawri-quits-taarak-mehta-ka-ooltah-chashmah/videoshow/72195176.cms#:~:text=TV%20actress%20Monika%20Bhadoriya%2C%20best,had%20moulded%20it%20her%20way.|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> ** Navina Wadekar replaced Bhadoriya as Bawri (2023–present)<br /> *** Wadekar also portrayed Dolly. (2022)<br /> * Jatin Bajaj as Bhailu: Sundar's friend (2014–present)<br /> * Kamal Ghimiray as Shubhankar Banerjee: Iyer's boss from a Bengali background (2019–2021)<br /> * [[Rakesh Bedi]] as Babulal: Taarak's short-tempered and arrogant boss who often asks Mehta to do his own work. (2020–present)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Confirmed! Rakesh Bedi Joins Taarak Mehta Ka Ooltah Chashmah; To Play Taarak's Boss Role|url=https://news.abplive.com/entertainment/television/rakesh-bedi-joins-taarak-mehta-ka-ooltah-chashmah-to-play-taaraks-boss-role-1314295|access-date=18 August 2020|website=ABP Live|date=16 August 2020|language=en|archive-date=10 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210110191638/https://news.abplive.com/entertainment/television/rakesh-bedi-joins-taarak-mehta-ka-ooltah-chashmah-to-play-taaraks-boss-role-1314295|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Production ==<br /> === Development ===<br /> The producers initially approached the [[StarPlus]] and [[Zee TV]] channels, to host the series. However, when they rejected their offer, [[Sony SAB]] decided to accept the script.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Goswami |first=Aurushi |date=August 11, 2016 |title=The secret sauce behind SAB's 2,000 episode strong Taarak Mehta |url=https://www.indiantelevision.com/television/tv-channels/gecs/the-secret-sauce-behind-sab-s-2000-episode-strong-taarak-mehta-160811 |access-date=June 4, 2023 |website=Indian Television |archive-date=13 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201113053542/https://www.indiantelevision.com/television/tv-channels/gecs/the-secret-sauce-behind-sab-s-2000-episode-strong-taarak-mehta-160811 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> When the series completed 1,000 episodes on 6 November 2012,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/television/taarak-mehta-completes-1-000-episodes/article1-949357.aspx|title=Taarak Mehta... completes 1,000 episodes|last=Awaasthi|first=Kavita|date=24 October 2012|newspaper=Hindustan Times|access-date=6 April 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407101638/http://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/television/taarak-mehta-completes-1-000-episodes/article1-949357.aspx|archive-date=7 April 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Asit Kumarr Modi]] stated that it took eight years for the show to finally be aired:<br /> {{Blockquote|&quot;Originally, it was a column in a Gujarati magazine, and I bought its rights in 2001. I approached every channel, but the trend of daily soaps had just started, and saas-bahu shows dominated the scene. Whoever I approached said there was no scope for comedy every day. But I had a feeling that one-day comedies, too, would become a daily trend. Finally, in 2008, ''Taarak Mehta...'' came on the air.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |last=Olivera |first=Roshni |date=22 December 2012 |title=It took me eight years to get Taarak Mehta.. on air: Asit Kumarr Modi – Times of India |website=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/it-took-me-eight-years-to-get-taarak-mehta-on-air-asit-kumarr-modi/articleshow/17706292.cms |access-date=June 4, 2023 |archive-date=3 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190503153725/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/It-took-me-eight-years-to-get-Taarak-Mehta-on-air-Asit-Kumarr-Modi/articleshow/17706292.cms |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> <br /> === Filming ===<br /> The filming for the series takes place in [[Film City, Mumbai|Film City]] in Mumbai. External filming for specific scenes has taken place in locations, for example: [[Gujarat]], [[New Delhi]], [[Goa]] and in overseas locations such as [[Leicester]], [[London]], [[Brussels]], [[Paris]], [[Hong Kong]] and [[Singapore]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Gujarat comes alive on TV|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tv/news-and-gossip/Gujarat-comes-alive-on-TV/articleshow/17293926.cms|newspaper=The Times of India|access-date=23 October 2018|date=23 October 2018|first=Shruti|last=Jambhekar|archive-date=24 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181024083759/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tv/news-and-gossip/Gujarat-comes-alive-on-TV/articleshow/17293926.cms|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/taarak-mehta-ka-ooltah-chashmah-team-shoots-in-singapore-gets-mobbed-by-fans-see-pics/articleshow/68374394.cms|title=Taarak Mehta Ka Ooltah Chashmah's team gets mobbed by fans in Singapore; see pics – Times of India|website=The Times of India|date=12 March 2019|access-date=24 August 2019|archive-date=15 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190915112518/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/taarak-mehta-ka-ooltah-chashmah-team-shoots-in-singapore-gets-mobbed-by-fans-see-pics/articleshow/68374394.cms|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> From March to June 2020, filming shut down in the wake of the [[COVID-19 pandemic lockdown in India]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/entertainment/television/govt-couldve-handled-the-matter-differently-taarak-mehta-ka-ooltah-chashmah-producer-on-shoot-ban|title='Govt could've handled the matter differently': 'Taarak Mehta Ka Ooltah Chashmah' producer on shoot ban|website=Free Press Journal|access-date=7 July 2020|archive-date=7 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200707232815/https://www.freepressjournal.in/entertainment/television/govt-couldve-handled-the-matter-differently-taarak-mehta-ka-ooltah-chashmah-producer-on-shoot-ban|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; During the same period, it was revealed that it was originally planned for two years and might have gone off-air in 2010 itself as stated by the original plan.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=TMKOC: क्‍या! 'तारक मेहता शो' 2010 में ही बंद होने वाला था, फिर कुछ ऐसा हुआ...|url=https://www.prabhatkhabar.com/entertainment/tarak-mehta-ka-ooltah-chashmah-was-planned-to-go-off-air-in-2010-due-to-this-reason|access-date=25 October 2021|website=Prabhat Khabar – Hindi News|date=5 June 2020|language=hi|archive-date=25 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211025225944/https://www.prabhatkhabar.com/entertainment/tarak-mehta-ka-ooltah-chashmah-was-planned-to-go-off-air-in-2010-due-to-this-reason|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; The show started broadcasting its new episodes from 22 July 2020.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Bhasin|first=Shriya|date=14 July 2020|title=Taarak Mehta Ka Ooltah Chashmah: Good news for fans as new episode to go air on THIS date|url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/tv/taarak-mehta-ka-ooltah-chashmah-good-news-for-fans-new-episode-air-july-22-634071|access-date=19 July 2020|website=www.indiatvnews.com|language=en|archive-date=19 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200719232338/https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/tv/taarak-mehta-ka-ooltah-chashmah-good-news-for-fans-new-episode-air-july-22-634071|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; In April 2021, due to the rise in COVID-19 cases, the [[Government of Maharashtra]] suspended the shooting of films and TV shows in the state. Because of this suspension, the show’s shooting from April to July took place in [[Daman, India|Daman]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Mehta |first=Yagnesh Bharat |date=7 July 2021 |title=Daman helps television serial shoots get rolling |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/surat/daman-helps-telly-serial-shoots-get-rolling/articleshow/84183381.cms |work=The Times of India |access-date=23 November 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === Dubbed versions ===<br /> The series was also dubbed in [[Telugu language|Telugu]] as ''Tarak Mama Ayyo Rama'' for ETV Plus&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Taarak Mehta Ka Ooltah Chashmah is all set to entertain the audience in Telugu – Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/telugu/taarak-mehta-ka-ooltah-chashmah-is-all-set-to-entertain-audience-in-telugu/articleshow/59350184.cms|access-date=16 February 2021|website=The Times of India|date=28 June 2017|language=en|archive-date=11 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220511233159/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/telugu/taarak-mehta-ka-ooltah-chashmah-is-all-set-to-entertain-audience-in-telugu/articleshow/59350184.cms|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; and [[Marathi language|Marathi]] as ''Gokuldhamchi Duniyadari'' for [[Fakt Marathi]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Exclusive: Taarak Mehta Ka Ooltah Chashmah to be launched in Marathi as Gokuldhamchi Duniyadari; watch promo – Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/exclusive-taarak-mehta-ka-ooltah-chashmah-to-be-launched-in-marathi-as-gokuldhamchi-duniyadari-watch-promo/articleshow/72882923.cms |website=The Times of India |date=19 December 2019 |access-date=25 December 2019 |archive-date=26 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230926013057/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/exclusive-taarak-mehta-ka-ooltah-chashmah-to-be-launched-in-marathi-as-gokuldhamchi-duniyadari-watch-promo/articleshow/72882923.cms |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Crossovers and special episodes ==<br /> Joshi and Vakani appeared as Jethalal and Daya in another SAB TV sitcom ''[[Sajan Re Jhoot Mat Bolo]]'' in 2010.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite AV media |url=https://youtube.com/watch?v=Bf6iAqUKixM&amp;t=743s&amp;pp=ygUXc2FqYW4gcmUgamhvb3QgbWF0IGJvbG8%3D |title=Sajan Re Jhoot Mat Bolo - Episode 24 |date=24 July 2016 |language=hi |publisher=[[Sony Pal]] |access-date=20 November 2023 |time=10:46 |via=[[YouTube]]}}{{cbignore}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In 2010, the cast of ''[[Khichdi (franchise)|Khichdi]]'' made a special appearance to promote their film ''[[Khichdi: The Movie]]''.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite AV media |url=https://youtube.com/watch?v=cFFEsxrdrns&amp;pp=ygUka2hpY2hkaSB0YWFyYWsgbWVodGEga2EgdWx0YSBjaGFzaG1h |title=Team &quot;Khichdi&quot; आई Gokuldham Society में |date=31 August 2021 |language=hi |publisher=[[Sony SAB]] |trans-title=Team &quot;Khichdi&quot; came to Gokuldham Society |access-date=20 November 2023 |via=YouTube |archive-date=9 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240509082013/https://accounts.google.com/v3/signin/identifier?continue=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fsignin%3Faction_handle_signin%3Dtrue%26app%3Ddesktop%26hl%3Den%26next%3D%252Fsignin_passive%26feature%3Dpassive&amp;hl=en&amp;ifkv=AaSxoQw7I9XZVPETTJhpwbxgyuyjefrQf24yNx9a9ObpR12udm9R36WiLlUUFBN1mJP08KgtKbA0HA&amp;passive=true&amp;service=youtube&amp;uilel=3&amp;flowName=GlifWebSignIn&amp;flowEntry=ServiceLogin&amp;dsh=S84725860%3A1715242812962110&amp;theme=mn&amp;ddm=0 |url-status=live }}{{cbignore}}&lt;/ref&gt; In that same year, [[Indira Krishnan]] appeared as Krishnaben to promote her show ''[[Krishnaben Khakhrawala]]''.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite AV media |url=https://youtube.com/watch?v=j9iZgT0EmDo&amp;pp=ygUza3Jpc2huYWJlbiBraGFraHJhd2FsYSB0YWFyYWsgbWVodGEga2EgdWx0YSBjaGFzaG1h |title=किसने Grace किया Daya के घर को?, तारक मेहता का उल्टा चश्मा Anokhe Avatar |date=21 March 2021 |language=hi |publisher=Sony SAB |trans-title=Who graced Daya's house?, Taarak Mehta Ka Ooltah Chashmah Unique Avatar |access-date=20 November 2023 |via=YouTube}}{{cbignore}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In the special episode &quot;Anand Ka Safar&quot;, it paid tribute to [[Rajesh Khanna]], airing in July 2012 in which the cast members danced to Khanna's songs.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |date=27 July 2012 |title=A tribute to Rajesh Khanna on Taarak Mehta... |newspaper=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/A-tribute-to-Rajesh-Khanna-on-Taarak-Mehta-/articleshow/15206933.cms |url-status=live |access-date=23 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191026104139/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/A-tribute-to-Rajesh-Khanna-on-Taarak-Mehta-/articleshow/15206933.cms |archive-date=26 October 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; In the same year, [[Giaa Manek]] appeared as Jeannie to promote her show ''[[Jeannie Aur Juju]]''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fCC1UXltNPw |title=Episode 1001 - Taarak Mehta Ka Ooltah Chashmah - Full Episode {{!}} तारक मेहता का उल्टा चश्मा |date=2023-03-08 |last=Taarak Mehta Ka Ooltah Chashmah |access-date=2025-08-17 |via=YouTube}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Crossover episodes with ''[[CID (Indian TV series)|C.I.D.]]'' named &quot;Mahasangam&quot; aired in July 2014 in which CID visits Gokuldham Society to solve a murder mystery case.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2014-07-02 |title=CID &amp; Tarak Mehta Ka Oolta Chashma to have a Mahasangram episode |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/cid-tarak-mehta-ka-oolta-chashma-to-have-a-mahasangram-episode/articleshow/37645778.cms |access-date=2025-04-22 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> [[Sumeet Raghavan]], [[Rupali Bhosale]] and [[Punit Talreja]] from ''[[Badi Doooor Se Aaye Hai]]'' appeared in an episode in 2015.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite AV media |date=5 November 2023 |title=Ep 1750 - Taarak Mehta Ka Ooltah Chashmah |language=hi |url=https://youtube.com/watch?v=EF5jQSBHLcc&amp;t=29s&amp;pp=ygURdGFhcmFrIG1laHRhIDE3NTA%3D |access-date=21 January 2024|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/EF5jQSBHLcc |archive-date=21 January 2024 |time=38:18 |via=YouTube}}{{cbignore}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In December 2021, cast of ''Taarak Mehta Ka Ooltah Chashmah'' appeared in ''[[Kaun Banega Crorepati]]''.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |date=5 December 2012 |title=Kaun Banega Crorepati 13: KBC के मंच पर पोपटलाल ने लगाई Amitabh Bachchan से शादी करवाने की गुहार, बिग बी ने दिया ऐसा रिएक्शन |trans-title=Kaun Banega Crorepati 13: On the stage of KBC, Popatlal requested Amitabh Bachchan to find a bride for him, Big B gave such a reaction |language=hi |url=https://www.abplive.com/entertainment/television/kaun-banega-crorepati-13-taarak-mehta-ka-ooltah-chasmah-cast-reached-in-amitabh-bachchan-show-kaun-banega-crorepati-13-watch-promo-2010855 |work=[[ABP News]] |access-date=9 May 2021 |archive-date=5 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211205201809/https://www.abplive.com/entertainment/television/kaun-banega-crorepati-13-taarak-mehta-ka-ooltah-chasmah-cast-reached-in-amitabh-bachchan-show-kaun-banega-crorepati-13-watch-promo-2010855 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/reality-tv/story/taarak-mehta-ka-ooltah-chashmah-team-answered-this-question-to-win-rs-25-lakh-on-kbc-13-can-you-1886564-2021-12-10 |title=Taarak Mehta Ka Ooltah Chashmah team answered this question to win Rs 25 lakh on KBC 13. Can you? |last=Keshri |first=Shweta |date=10 December 2021 |publisher=[[India Today]] |access-date=9 May 2024 |quote=Taarak Mehta Ka Ooltah Chashmah team graced the sets of Kaun Banega Crorepati 13 in the Shaandaar Shukravaar episode. They won Rs 25 lakh on the show. |archive-date=14 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211214034344/https://www.indiatoday.in/television/reality-tv/story/taarak-mehta-ka-ooltah-chashmah-team-answered-this-question-to-win-rs-25-lakh-on-kbc-13-can-you-1886564-2021-12-10 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Other media ==<br /> === Comics ===<br /> Comics based on characters from the series were launched as part of the ''SAB Ke Comics'' series in 2014.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2014-12-19 |title=SAB TV Unveils All New Issues of SAB ke Comics at Comic Con |url=https://www.adgully.com/sab-tv-unveils-all-new-issues-of-sab-ke-comics-at-comic-con-59931.html |access-date=2024-05-18 |website=www.adgully.com |language=en-US |archive-date=16 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240616155033/https://www.adgully.com/sab-tv-unveils-all-new-issues-of-sab-ke-comics-at-comic-con-59931.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === Spin-off ===<br /> An animated series based on the characters of the {{Lang|hi-latn|Taarak Mehta Ka Ooltah Chashmah}} titled ''Taarak Mehta Kka Chhota Chashmah'' aired on [[Sony YAY!]] since 19 April 2021.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite magazine |author=Shweta Keshri |date=March 23, 2021 |title=Taarak Mehta Ka Ooltah Chashmah is now an animated series. Watch exclusive promo |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/soaps/story/taarak-mehta-ka-ooltah-chashmah-is-now-an-animated-series-watch-exclusive-promo-1782601-2021-03-23 |url-status=live |magazine=India Today |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220323152707/https://www.indiatoday.in/television/soaps/story/taarak-mehta-ka-ooltah-chashmah-is-now-an-animated-series-watch-exclusive-promo-1782601-2021-03-23 |archive-date=23 March 2022 |access-date=2022-03-23}}&lt;/ref&gt; It is also available on [[Netflix]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |author=Lata Jha |url=https://www.livemint.com/industry/netflix-to-stream-animated-version-of-tarak-mehta-ka-ooltah-chashmah-11645676591102.html |title=Netflix to stream animated version of 'Tarak Mehta Ka Ooltah Chashmah' &amp;#124; Mint |publisher=Livemint.com |date=2022-02-24 |accessdate=2022-09-11 |archive-date=11 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220911023616/https://www.livemint.com/industry/netflix-to-stream-animated-version-of-tarak-mehta-ka-ooltah-chashmah-11645676591102.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; A television film ''Tapu and the Big Fat Alien Wedding'' aired on 27 May 2022 on [[Sony YAY!]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last= |date=2022-05-16 |title=Sony YAY! to telecast first tele movie of 'Taarak Mehta Kka Chhota Chashmah' |url=https://www.indiantelevision.com/television/tv-channels/people/sony-yay-to-telecast-first-tele-movie-of-taarak-mehta-kka-chhota-chashmah-220516 |access-date=2022-06-10 |website=Indian Television Dot Com |language=en |archive-date=10 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220610165019/https://www.indiantelevision.com/television/tv-channels/people/sony-yay-to-telecast-first-tele-movie-of-taarak-mehta-kka-chhota-chashmah-220516 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Reception ==<br /> In the first week of 2017, the show stood in the fourth position with 6,004 TVT ratings. In the fourth week, it entered the top five and stood in fifth position with 6,059 TVT ratings. In March 2017, the show remained within the top five shows in the urban–rural metrics. From 19 to 25 June 2017, the show reached the top spot with 6,092 TVT ratings, before slipping to third position the following week with 6,049 TVT ratings.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Naagin out of ratings race; Taarak Mehta Ka Ooltah Chashmah is the No. 1 show|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/top-stories/story/naagin-out-of-trp-race-taarak-mehta-ka-ooltah-chashmah-is-the-no-1-show-lifetv-1021655-2017-06-30|access-date=10 January 2018|website=India Today|date=30 June 2017|language=en|archive-date=10 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201110160016/https://www.indiatoday.in/television/top-stories/story/naagin-out-of-trp-race-taarak-mehta-ka-ooltah-chashmah-is-the-no-1-show-lifetv-1021655-2017-06-30|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; In the first week of 2018, it topped the charts with 6,961 TVT ratings.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.barcindia.co.in/statistic.aspx|title=TV audience measurement data collection – BARC India|website=www.barcindia.co.in|access-date=11 January 2018|archive-date=16 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190616031339/https://www.barcindia.co.in/statistic.aspx|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> From 14 to 20 October 2019, the show again secured the first position with 7,952 TVT ratings. Following the COVID-19 lockdown, from 13 to 19 July 2020, it returned as the number one show with 6,477 TVT ratings.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=31 July 2020|title=Most watched Indian television shows: Taarak Mehta Ka Ooltah Chashmah tops TRP chart|url=https://indianexpress.com/photos/entertainment-gallery/most-watched-indian-television-shows-week-29-taarak-mehta-anupamaa-6531361/|access-date=2 August 2020|website=The Indian Express|language=en|archive-date=1 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200801160016/https://indianexpress.com/photos/entertainment-gallery/most-watched-indian-television-shows-week-29-taarak-mehta-anupamaa-6531361/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In May 2021, the series slipped to the last spot in the top-five TRP list, securing fifth position with 6,165 impressions.{{cn|date=September 2025}}<br /> <br /> In January 2025, the show recorded a 17% decline in ratings compared to the previous week, dropping from third position in Week 2 to eighth in Week 3, with a rating of 1.9.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=TRP Report Week 3 2025: Taarak Mehta Ka Ooltah Chashmah drops|url=https://www.koimoi.com/television/trp-report-2025-week-3-taarak-mehta-ka-ooltah-chashmah-drops-by-17-in-ratings-anupamaa-is-back-as-1-show-in-india/|access-date=11 October 2025|website=Koimoi}}&lt;/ref&gt; However, in June and July 2025, ''Taarak Mehta Ka Ooltah Chashmah'' experienced a resurgence, topping the TRP charts for four consecutive weeks (Weeks 24–27).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=TMKOC rules TRP chart amid Dilip Joshi, Munmun Dutta exit rumours|url=https://www.news18.com/movies/television/taarak-mehta-ka-ooltah-chashmah-rules-trp-chart-amid-dilip-joshi-munmun-duttas-exit-rumours-ws-l-9419940.html|access-date=11 October 2025|website=News18}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=TRP Race Week 24: TMKOC dethrones Rupali Ganguly's Anupamaa|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/tv/trp-race-week-24-taarak-mehta-ka-ooltah-chashmah-dethrones-rupali-ganguly-anupamaa-and-becomes-number-1-show-article-152157517|access-date=11 October 2025|website=Times Now}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === Criticism and response ===<br /> The absence of original cast members, particularly Disha Vakani since 2017, has been noted, with fans suggesting it has impacted the show's humour.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Manglik |first=Reshu |date=30 January 2019 |title=Dayaben aka Disha Vakani is officially out of Taarak Mehta Ka Ooltah Chashmah! Here's why |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/tv-dayaben-aka-disha-vakani-is-officially-out-of-taarak-mehta-ka-ooltah-chashmah-here-s-why-501917 |access-date=18 July 2025 |website=India TV News |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Legacy and impact ==<br /> [[File:Cast-of-Taarak-Mehta-Ka-Ooltah-Chashmah-celebrate-the-12-year-anniversary-of-the-show.jpg|thumb|The cast of ''Taarak Mehta Ka Ooltah Chashmah'', celebrating twelve years of the show, in 2020.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |date=28 July 2020 |title=Taarak Mehta Ka Ooltah Chashmah clocks 12 years; Dilip Joshi thanks fans for support |url=https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tv/taarak-mehta-ka-ooltah-chashmah-clocks-12-years-dilip-joshi-thanks-fans-for-support/articleshow/77216206.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240616155001/https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tv/taarak-mehta-ka-ooltah-chashmah-clocks-12-years-dilip-joshi-thanks-fans-for-support/articleshow/77216206.cms |archive-date=16 June 2024 |accessdate=26 October 2021 |work=Mumbai Mirror}}&lt;/ref&gt;]]<br /> <br /> ''Taarak Mehta Ka Ooltah Chashmah'' is one of the [[List of longest-running Indian television series|longest-running television series in India]] and has gained national attention and developed a substantial following over the years, and is regarded as a [[cult classic]] and one of the greatest sitcoms in the history of Indian television.&lt;ref name=&quot;peak comfort&quot;&gt;{{cite web |date=21 May 2022 |title=Dear Taarak Mehta, you were our peak comfort content for 14 years |url=https://theprint.in/opinion/pov/dear-taarak-mehta-you-were-our-peak-comfort-content-for-14-years-now-its-time-to-retire/963666/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240616155030/https://theprint.in/opinion/pov/dear-taarak-mehta-you-were-our-peak-comfort-content-for-14-years-now-its-time-to-retire/963666/ |archive-date=16 June 2024 |accessdate=16 September 2023 |work=The Print}}&lt;/ref&gt; It completed 1000 episodes in November 2012, 2000 episodes in August 2016, 3000 episodes in September 2020 and 4000 episodes in February 2024.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Taarak Mehta... completes 1,000 episodes |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/taarak-mehta-completes-1-000-episodes/story-qyajvanmYMNqQPCKjaLXgJ.html |website=www.hindustantimes.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2016-08-02 |title=Taarak Mehta Ka Ooltah Chashmah completes 2000 episodes; cast celebrates by cutting a cake |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/what-s-hot/story/taarak-mehta-ka-ooltah-chashmah-2000-episodes-celebration-lifetv-332755-2016-08-02 |access-date=2024-08-27 |website=India Today |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2024-02-06 |title=Taarak Mehta Ka Ooltah Chashmah completes 4000 episodes, producer Asit Kumarr Modi says &quot;show's success is a collective achievement&quot; |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/taarak-mehta-ka-ooltah-chashmah-4000-episodes-producer-asit-kumarr-modi-collective-achievement/articleshow/107457990.cms |access-date=2025-06-08 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=4000 Episodes Of TMKOC: 'तारक मेहता का उल्टा चश्मा' से जुड़ी बड़ी उपलब्धि, शो ने पूरे किए 4000 एपिसोड |url=https://www.amarujala.com/entertainment/bollywood/taarak-mehta-ka-ooltah-chashmah-asit-kumarr-modi-popular-tv-show-completes-4000-episodes-2024-02-06 |access-date=2025-06-08 |website=Amar Ujala |language=hi}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-12-20 |title=Taarak Mehta Ka Ooltah Chashmah Sets Global Record with 4,000 Episodes |url=https://www.hindustanmetro.com/taarak-mehta-ka-ooltah-chashmah-sets-global-record-with-4000-episodes/ |access-date=2025-06-08 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In February 2015, Dilip Joshi, Disha Vakani, and Shailesh Lodha hosted the red carpet at the 60th Britannia [[Filmfare Awards]] to promote the ''[[Swachh Bharat Mission|Clean India]]'' campaign.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Taarak Mehta's team brings Swachh Bharat Abhiyaan to the red carpet – Times of India |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Taarak-Mehtas-team-brings-Swachh-Bharat-Abhiyaan-to-the-red-carpet/articleshow/46144828.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170101145931/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Taarak-Mehtas-team-brings-Swachh-Bharat-Abhiyaan-to-the-red-carpet/articleshow/46144828.cms |archive-date=1 January 2017 |access-date=15 December 2016 |newspaper=The Times of India}}&lt;/ref&gt; In 2018, the [[MICA (institute)|Mudra Institute of Communications]], [[Ahmedabad]] took up the show as a case study.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |date=18 January 2018 |title=Taarak Mehta Ka Ooltah Chashmah is the first TV show to be taken as a case study |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/top-stories/story/taarak-mehta-ka-ooltah-chashmah-is-the-first-tv-show-to-be-taken-as-a-case-study-lifetv-1147533-2018-01-17 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240616155007/https://www.indiatoday.in/television/top-stories/story/taarak-mehta-ka-ooltah-chashmah-is-the-first-tv-show-to-be-taken-as-a-case-study-lifetv-1147533-2018-01-17 |archive-date=16 June 2024 |accessdate=11 February 2020 |work=India Today}}&lt;/ref&gt; It is also one of the most searched television series in India.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |date=3 December 2021 |title=Taarak Mehta Ka Ooltah Chashmah becomes the most searched TV show, according to search engine list |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/taarak-mehta-ka-ooltah-chashmah-becomes-the-most-searched-tv-show-in-the-yahoo-year-in-review-2021/articleshow/88073596.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240616155032/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/taarak-mehta-ka-ooltah-chashmah-becomes-the-most-searched-tv-show-in-the-yahoo-year-in-review-2021/articleshow/88073596.cms |archive-date=16 June 2024 |accessdate=13 March 2022 |work=Times of India}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Decoding the reason behind ''Taarak Mehta Ka Ooltah Chashmah''{{'}}s success, Yashika Singla of ''[[The Print]]'' stated, &quot;The major appeal of the television show is the idea of ethics and 'Indian values' at the very core of its scripts. To its credit, it also talked about a multitude of social issues and created awareness about them in its own light-hearted manner. It also had an age-inclusive cast that set it apart from other family dramas, beyond the confines of a typical female-audience focusing saas-bahu serial.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;peak comfort&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> == Controversies ==<br /> The show faced a controversy in 2020 when [[Neha Mehta]] left the show, stating that: {{blockquote|I do feel that in many areas discipline and decorum was not maintained on the sets.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Trivedi |first=Tanvi |date=29 August 2020 |title=Neha Mehta on quitting 'Taarak Mehta':t was important to exit the show gracefully without creating any hassles |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/neha-mehta-on-quitting-taarak-mehta-it-was-important-to-exit-the-show-gracefully-without-creating-hassles/articleshow/77808682.cms |work=The Times of India |location=Mumbai |access-date=19 May 2023 |archive-date=19 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230519053253/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/neha-mehta-on-quitting-taarak-mehta-it-was-important-to-exit-the-show-gracefully-without-creating-hassles/articleshow/77808682.cms |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;}} In 2022, she claimed that producers of the show have not cleared her dues after leaving the show. [[Neela Film Productions]] issued a statement: {{blockquote|We consider our artist as our family. We have contacted Neha Mehta multiple times to complete the formalities with us. Unfortunately, she has been reluctant to sign the exit documents without which we cannot do a full and final settlement as per company policy. She also stopped responding to all our communication from past 2 years and she left the show without meeting us. We wish she would have replied to our emails instead of making false accusations about the makers that have given her 12 years of fame and career. We reserve our rights for appropriate action.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Panchal |first=Komal RJ |date=25 June 2022 |title=Taarak Mehta Ka Ooltah Chashmah producers reject Neha Mehta's claims of unpaid dues: 'Gave her 12 years of fame' |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/taarak-mehta-ka-ooltah-chashmah-makers-react-to-neha-mehtas-claims-of-pending-dues-7990133/ |work=The Indian Express |location=Mumbai |access-date=19 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221207053815/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/taarak-mehta-ka-ooltah-chashmah-makers-react-to-neha-mehtas-claims-of-pending-dues-7990133/ |archive-date=7 December 2022|quote=The producers of Taarak Mehta Ka Ooltah Chashmah in a statement have said that actor Neha Mehta &quot;stopped responding to all our communication from past 2 years and she left the show without meeting us.&quot;}}&lt;/ref&gt;}} [[Shailesh Lodha]] left the show in 2022, and sued the makers of the show for being underpaid in 2023.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/former-taarak-aka-shailesh-lodha-takes-the-legal-route-sues-makers-of-taarak-mehta-ka-ooltah-chashmah-for-payment-dues-reports/articleshow/99646327.cms?from=mdr|title=Former Taarak aka Shailesh Lodha takes the legal route, sues makers of Taarak Mehta Ka Ooltah Chashmah for payment dues, reports|newspaper=The Times of India|date=21 April 2023|access-date=18 May 2023|archive-date=18 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230518081350/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/former-taarak-aka-shailesh-lodha-takes-the-legal-route-sues-makers-of-taarak-mehta-ka-ooltah-chashmah-for-payment-dues-reports/articleshow/99646327.cms?from=mdr|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> [[Jennifer Mistry Bansiwal]] quit the show in March 2023 accusing show producer [[Asit Kumarr Modi]], executive producer Jatin Bajaj, and project head Sohail Ramani of sexual harassment.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/exclusive-jennifer-mistry-bansiwal-aka-mrs-roshan-sodhi-quits-taarak-mehta-ka-ooltah-chashmah-after-15-years-accuses-producer-asit-kumarr-modi-of-sexual-harassment/articleshow/100151257.cms|title=Exclusive - Jennifer Mistry Bansiwal aka Mrs Roshan Sodhi quits Taarak Mehta Ka Ooltah Chashmah after 15 years; accuses producer Asit Kumarr Modi of sexual harassment|newspaper=The Times of India|date=11 May 2023|access-date=11 May 2023|archive-date=11 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230511091648/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/exclusive-jennifer-mistry-bansiwal-aka-mrs-roshan-sodhi-quits-taarak-mehta-ka-ooltah-chashmah-after-15-years-accuses-producer-asit-kumarr-modi-of-sexual-harassment/articleshow/100151257.cms|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In May 2023, Monika Bhadoriya accused [[Asit Kumarr Modi]] and project head Sohail Ramani of encouraging a [[hostile workplace]]. She further claimed that the producers have withheld the money of many artists.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Mishra |first=Vinay MR |date=18 May 2023 |title=Taarak Mehta's Monika Bhadoriya calls out Asit Modi for misbehaviour: 'Kuttey jaisa treat karte hai' (Exclusive) |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/tv/taarak-mehta-ka-ooltah-chashmah-actor-exposes-working-conditions-unpaid-dues-and-unruly-behavior-on-set-101684398673710.html |work=Hindustan Times |location=Mumbai |access-date=19 May 2023 |archive-date=19 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230519025046/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/tv/taarak-mehta-ka-ooltah-chashmah-actor-exposes-working-conditions-unpaid-dues-and-unruly-behavior-on-set-101684398673710.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; She also revealed that co-star [[Munmun Dutta]] argued frequently with producer [[Asit Kumarr Modi]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2023-05-22 |title=After Jennifer Mistry, TMKOC's Monika Bhadoriya Accuses Asit Modi Of 'Misbehaviour': Did A Lot Of Wrong Things... |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/after-jennifer-mistry-tmkocs-monika-bhadoriya-accuses-asit-modi-of-misbehaviour-did-a-lot-of-wrong-things--article-100408977 |access-date=2023-05-25 |website=[[TimesNow]] |language=en |archive-date=25 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230525103215/https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/after-jennifer-mistry-tmkocs-monika-bhadoriya-accuses-asit-modi-of-misbehaviour-did-a-lot-of-wrong-things--article-100408977 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Palak Sidhwani, who portrayed Sonu Bhide accused the producers of exploiting her. The actor disclosed that she had received a legal notice from the production, alleging that she had breached her initial contract. In an interview with Bombay Times, Palak stated that she had chosen to leave the show for professional growth and health reasons.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/tv/taarak-mehta-ka-ooltah-chashmas-actor-palak-sidhwani-on-receiving-legal-notice-101727424186428.html|title=Taarak Mehta Ka Ooltah Chashma's actor Palak Sidhwani on receiving legal notice: 'Just because I want to quit the show'|newspaper=Hindustan Times|date=11 May 2023|access-date=11 May 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; In response, the production house issued a statement claiming that Palak had violated several important rules in her exclusive artiste agreement. They alleged that she had engaged in unauthorized third-party endorsements and appearances without obtaining the necessary written consent. Palak, however, denied these allegations, asserting that she had informed the production house of her decision to quit well in advance and had followed the proper procedures.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.news18.com/movies/tmkocs-palak-sidhwani-reacts-after-receiving-legal-notice-from-makers-just-because-i-want-to-quit-9065023.html|title=TMKOC's Palak Sidhwani Reacts After Receiving Legal Notice From Makers: 'Just Because I Want To Quit...'|newspaper=News18|date=27 Sep 2024|access-date=27 Sep 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Awards ==<br /> <br /> === [[Indian Television Academy Awards]] ===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Year<br /> ! Category<br /> ! Recipient(s)<br /> |-<br /> | 2008<br /> | ''Best Actress-Comedy''<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|[[Disha Vakani]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.indiantelevisionacademy.com/site/awards_hhita_details_new.php?year=2008 |title=IndianTelevisionAcademy.com |publisher=IndianTelevisionAcademy.com |access-date=19 February 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121102020753/http://www.indiantelevisionacademy.com/site/awards_hhita_details_new.php?year=2008 |archive-date=2 November 2012 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot;|2009<br /> | ''Best Actress-Comedy''&lt;ref name=ITA2009&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.indiantelevisionacademy.com/site/awards_hhita_details_new.php?year=2009 |title=IndianTelevisionAcademy.com |publisher=IndianTelevisionAcademy.com |access-date=19 February 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150909212242/http://www.indiantelevisionacademy.com/site/awards_hhita_details_new.php?year=2009 |archive-date=9 September 2015 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | ''Best Serial–Comedy''&lt;ref name=ITA2009 /&gt;<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|[[Neela Tele Films Private Limited]]<br /> |-<br /> | ''Best Serial-Comedy''&lt;ref name=&quot;ITA 2010&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.indiantelevisionacademy.com/site/awards_hhita_details_new.php?year=2010 |title=IndianTelevisionAcademy.com |publisher=IndianTelevisionAcademy.com |access-date=19 February 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100820113113/http://www.indiantelevisionacademy.com/site/awards_hhita_details_new.php?year=2010 |archive-date=20 August 2010 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | 2012<br /> | ''Best Actor-Comedy''<br /> | [[Dilip Joshi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;ITA 2012&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.indiantelevisionacademy.com/site/awards_hhita_details_new.php?year=2012 |title=Footer |access-date=21 October 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131021114031/http://www.indiantelevisionacademy.com/site/awards_hhita_details_new.php?year=2012 |archive-date=21 October 2013 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | 2013<br /> | ''The ITA Scroll Of Honour''&lt;ref name=&quot;ITA 2013&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.indiantelevisionacademy.com/site/awards_hhita_details_new.php?year=2013 |title=Footer |access-date=1 August 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140924040713/http://www.indiantelevisionacademy.com/site/awards_hhita_details_new.php?year=2013 |archive-date=24 September 2014 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | [[Neela Tele Films Private Limited]]<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|2014<br /> | ''Best Actor-Comedy''<br /> | [[Dilip Joshi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;ITA 2014&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.indiantelevisionacademy.com/site/awards_hhita_details_new.php?year=2014 |title=Footer |access-date=20 July 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141107232303/http://www.indiantelevisionacademy.com/site/awards_hhita_details_new.php?year=2014 |archive-date=7 November 2014 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | ''Best Actress-Comedy''<br /> | [[Disha Vakani]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.indiantelevisionacademy.com/site/awards_hhita_details_new.php?year=2014 |title=IndianTelevisionAcademy.com |publisher=IndianTelevisionAcademy.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141107232303/http://www.indiantelevisionacademy.com/site/awards_hhita_details_new.php?year=2014 |archive-date=7 November 2014 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | 2015<br /> | Best Show – Comedy<br /> |[[Neela Tele Films Private Limited]]<br /> |-<br /> |2016<br /> |Best Serial- Comedy<br /> |[[Neela Tele Films Private Limited]]<br /> |-<br /> |2018<br /> |The ITA Special Mention for the longest running Comedy Serial<br /> |Neela Tele Films Private Limited&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://indiantelevisionacademy.com/the-ita-awards/the-18th-ita-awards-2018/|title=The 18th ITA Awards 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|2020<br /> | Landmark – TV<br /> | Taarak Mehta Ka Ooltah Chashmah&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://indiantelevisionacademy.com/the-ita-awards/the-20th-ita-awards-2020/|title=The 20th ITA Awards 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |People’s Choice Award Popular Actor – TV<br /> ||[[Munmun Dutta]]&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;/&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |2023<br /> |Best Supporting Actress – Comedy-TV<br /> |Munmun Dutta&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://indiantelevisionacademy.com/the-ita-awards/the-23rd-ita-awards-2023/|title=The 23rd ITA Awards 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |}<br /> <br /> === [[Indian Telly Awards]] ===<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Year<br /> ! Category<br /> ! Recipient(s)<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;4&quot;|2009<br /> | ''Best Actor in a Comic Role (Male)''<br /> | [[Dilip Joshi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;telly 2009&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://tellyawards.indiantelevision.com:80/y2k9/winners/winners.htm|title=The Ninth Indian Telly Awards &gt; Winners|website=tellyawards.indiantelevision.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190614172805/http://tellyawards.indiantelevision.com:80/y2k9/winners/winners.htm|archive-date=14 June 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |''Best Actor in a Comic Role (Female)''<br /> | [[Disha Vakani]]&lt;ref name=&quot;telly 2009&quot; /&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | ''Best Sitcom''&lt;ref name=&quot;telly 2009&quot; /&gt;<br /> | [[Neela Tele Films Private Limited]]<br /> |-<br /> | ''Best Sitcom Writer''<br /> | Raju Odedra and Rajen Upadhyay&lt;ref name=&quot;telly 2009&quot; /&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;5&quot;|2010<br /> | ''Most Popular Actor in a Comic Role (Male)''<br /> | Dilip Joshi&lt;ref name=&quot;telly2010&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://tellyawards.indiantelevision.com:80/y2k10/winners.php |title=The Tenth Indian Telly Awards |publisher=Tellyawards.indiantelevision.com |access-date=19 February 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190618104207/http://tellyawards.indiantelevision.com:80/y2k10/winners.php |archive-date=18 June 2019 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | ''Most Popular Actor in a Comic Role (Female)''<br /> | Disha Vakani&lt;ref name=&quot;telly2010&quot; /&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | ''Most Popular Child Artist (Male)''<br /> | [[Bhavya Gandhi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;telly2010&quot; /&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | ''Best Sitcom''&lt;ref name=&quot;telly2010&quot; /&gt;<br /> | Neela Tele Films Private Limited<br /> |-<br /> | ''Best Sitcom Writer''<br /> | Raju Odedra and Rajen Upadhyay&lt;ref name=&quot;telly2010&quot; /&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot;|2012<br /> | ''Most Popular Actor in a Comic Role (Male)''<br /> | Dilip Joshi&lt;ref name=&quot;telly 2012&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://tellyawards.indiantelevision.com/y2k11/winners.php|title=Indian Telly Awards 2016 – Index|website=tellyawards.indiantelevision.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120605015506/http://tellyawards.indiantelevision.com/y2k11/winners.php|archive-date=5 June 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | ''Best Actress in a Comic Role (Jury)''<br /> | Disha Vakani&lt;ref name=&quot;telly 2012&quot; /&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | ''Best Sitcom''&lt;ref name=&quot;telly 2012&quot; /&gt;<br /> | Neela Tele Films Private Limited<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;4&quot;|2013<br /> | '' Actress in a Comic Role (Jury)''<br /> | Disha Vakani&lt;ref name=telly2013&gt;{{cite web |url=http://tellyawards.indiantelevision.com/y2k13/winners.php |website=tellyawards.indiantelevision.com |access-date=2023-04-15 |title=Welcome To The Eleventh Indian Telly Awards Voting Page. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151125223947/http://tellyawards.indiantelevision.com/y2k13/login.php |archive-date=2015-11-25 |language=en}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | ''Best Director (Sitcom)''<br /> | [[Harshad Joshi]] and Malav Rajda&lt;ref name=telly2013 /&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | ''Most Popular Actor in a Comic Role''<br /> | Dilip Joshi&lt;ref name=telly2013 /&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | ''Best Sitcom / Comedy Program''&lt;ref name=telly2013 /&gt;<br /> | Neela Tele Films Private Limited<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot;|2019<br /> | ''Best Actor in a Comic Role''<br /> | Dilip Joshi<br /> |-<br /> | ''Best Sitcom / Comedy Program''<br /> | Neela Tele Films Private Limited<br /> |-<br /> | ''Best Ensemble Fiction''<br /> | Taarak Mehta Ka Ooltah Chashmah<br /> |}<br /> <br /> === [[Nickelodeon Kids' Choice Awards India]] ===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Year<br /> ! Category<br /> ! Recipient(s)<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;|2013<br /> |Favorite TV Series<br /> |Taarak Mehta Ka Ooltah Chashmah<br /> |-<br /> |Favorite TV Actor<br /> |Dilip Joshi<br /> |-<br /> |Favorite TV Actress<br /> |Disha Vakani<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;|2016<br /> |Favorite TV Series<br /> |Taarak Mehta Ka Ooltah Chashmah<br /> |-<br /> |Favorite TV Character Female<br /> |Disha Vakani<br /> |-<br /> |Favorite Child Entertainer<br /> |Bhavya Gandhi<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;|2017<br /> |Favorite TV Series<br /> |Taarak Mehta Ka Ooltah Chashmah<br /> |-<br /> |Favorite TV Actor<br /> |Dilip Joshi<br /> |-<br /> |Favorite TV Actress<br /> |Disha Vakani<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|2019<br /> |Favorite TV Series<br /> |Taarak Mehta Ka Ooltah Chashmah<br /> |-<br /> |Favorite TV Actor<br /> |Dilip Joshi<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|2021<br /> |Favorite TV Series<br /> |Taarak Mehta Ka Ooltah Chashmah<br /> |-<br /> |Favorite TV Actor<br /> |Dilip Joshi<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|2022<br /> |Favorite TV Series<br /> |Taarak Mehta Ka Ooltah Chashmah<br /> |-<br /> |Favorite TV Actor<br /> |Dilip Joshi<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|2023<br /> |Favorite TV Series<br /> |Taarak Mehta Ka Ooltah Chashmah<br /> |-<br /> |Favorite TV Actor<br /> |Dilip Joshi<br /> |}<br /> <br /> === [[Star Guild Awards]] ===<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Year<br /> ! Category<br /> ! Recipient(s)<br /> |-<br /> | 2011<br /> | [[Star Guild Award for Best Actor in a Drama Series|Best Actor in a Drama Series]]<br /> | [[Dilip Joshi]]<br /> |-<br /> | 2013<br /> |Best Comedy Series<br /> |[[Neela Tele Films Private Limited]]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == See also ==<br /> * [[List of Hindi comedy shows]]<br /> * [[List of programmes broadcast by Sony SAB]]<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> {{Commons category}}<br /> * {{IMDb title|tt1708446}}<br /> {{SAB TV Programmes}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Hindi comedy shows]]<br /> [[Category:Sony SAB original programming]]<br /> [[Category:2008 Indian television series debuts]]<br /> [[Category:Indian television sitcoms]]<br /> [[Category:Television shows set in Mumbai]]<br /> [[Category:2000s Indian television series]]<br /> [[Category:Fiction about Sikhism]]<br /> [[Category:Cultural depictions of Rajesh Khanna]]<br /> [[Category:Parsi culture]]<br /> [[Category:Ganesha in popular culture]]<br /> [[Category:Cultural depictions of Shah Rukh Khan]]<br /> [[Category:Cultural depictions of Amitabh Bachchan]]<br /> [[Category:Cultural depictions of Salman Khan]]<br /> [[Category:Television productions suspended due to the COVID-19 pandemic]]<br /> [[Category:Goa in fiction]]<br /> [[Category:Television shows set in Singapore]]<br /> [[Category:Television shows set in Hong Kong]]<br /> [[Category:Television shows set in Paris]]<br /> [[Category:Television shows set in Gujarat]]<br /> [[Category:Television shows set in London]]<br /> [[Category:Television shows set in Delhi]]<br /> [[Category:Television shows about the COVID-19 pandemic]]<br /> [[Category:Television series set on cruise ships]]<br /> [[Category:India–Pakistan relations in popular culture]]<br /> [[Category:Television shows adapted into comics]]<br /> [[Category:Television shows adapted into video games]]<br /> [[Category:Religious controversies in television]]<br /> [[Category:Hindi cinema in fiction]]</div>

Ellen248280 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Compassion&diff=454445 2026-03-25T20:57:48Z

<p>Ellen248280: quick update</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Movement or motivation to help others}}<br /> {{Other uses|Compassion (disambiguation)}}<br /> {{Use American English|date=January 2022}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=January 2022}}<br /> [[File:There's no crying in baseball! (4549295140) 2.jpg|alt=|thumb|[[Hugging]] is a common display of compassion]]<br /> '''Compassion''' is a [[Social emotions|social emotion]] that motivates people to go out of their way to relieve the physical, mental, or emotional pains of others and themselves. Compassion is sensitivity to the emotional aspects of the suffering of others. When based on notions such as fairness, justice, and interdependence, it may be considered partially rational in nature.<br /> <br /> Compassion involves &quot;feeling for another&quot; and is a precursor to [[empathy]], the &quot;feeling as another&quot; capacity (as opposed to [[sympathy]], the &quot;feeling towards another&quot;). In common parlance, active compassion is the desire to alleviate another's suffering.&lt;ref name=&quot;sjsl&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |title=Encyclopedia of Positive Psychology |date=2009 |publisher=Wiley-Blackwell |isbn=978-1-4051-6125-1 |editor-last=Lopez |editor-first=Shane J. |location=Malden, MA |chapter=Compassion |oclc=226984639}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Compassion involves allowing oneself to be moved by suffering to help alleviate and prevent it&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Goetz |first=Jennifer L. |last2=Keltner |first2=Dacher |last3=Simon-Thomas |first3=Emiliana |date=May 2010 |title=Compassion: An evolutionary analysis and empirical review. |url=https://doi.apa.org/doi/10.1037/a0018807 |journal=Psychological Bulletin |language=en |volume=136 |issue=3 |pages=351–374 |doi=10.1037/a0018807 |issn=1939-1455 |pmc=2864937 |pmid=20438142}}&lt;/ref&gt;. An act of compassion is one that is intended to be [[helpfulness|helpful]]. Other virtues that harmonize with compassion include [[patience]], [[wisdom]], [[kindness]], [[Psychological resilience|perseverance]], warmth, and resolve. It is often, though not inevitably, the key component in [[altruism]]. The difference between [[sympathy]] and compassion is that the former responds to others' suffering with sorrow and concern whereas the latter responds with warmth and care.&lt;ref name=&quot;CompInteg&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last1=Reddy, Nanda Kishore |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YLlyCgAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA146 |title=Ethics, Integrity and Aptitude |last2=Ajmera, Santosh |publisher=McGraw-Hill Education |year=2015 |isbn=978-93-5134-236-6 |page=146}}&lt;/ref&gt; An article in ''[[Clinical Psychology Review]]'' suggests that &quot;compassion consists of three facets: noticing, feeling, and responding&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last1=Strauss|first1=Clara|last2=Lever Taylor|first2=Billie|last3=Gu|first3=Jenny|last4=Kuyken|first4=Willem|last5=Baer|first5=Ruth|last6=Jones|first6=Fergal|last7=Cavanagh|first7=Kate|date=July 2016|title=What is compassion and how can we measure it? A review of definitions and measures|journal=Clinical Psychology Review|volume=47|pages=15–27|doi=10.1016/j.cpr.2016.05.004|pmid=27267346|issn=0272-7358|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> [https://www.dalailama.com/messages/compassion-and-human-values/compassion In Buddhism, compassion] is the heartfelt wish to relieve the suffering of all beings, paired with the courage to act. [https://davidmichie.substack.com/p/do-you-ever-face-empathy-burn-out Compassionate actions] plant seeds of joy in others—and in ourselves—making them a true source of lasting [https://www.dalailama.com/messages/compassion-and-human-values/compassion happiness.]<br /> <br /> == Etymology ==<br /> The English [[noun]] '''''compassion''''', meaning &quot;to suffer together with&quot;, comes from [[Latin]]. Its [[prefix]] ''com-'' comes directly from {{lang|la|com}}, an [[Archaic Greece|archaic]] version of the Latin [[preposition]] and affix {{lang|la|[[wikt:cum|cum]]}} (= with); the ''-passion'' segment is derived from {{lang|la|passus}}, [[past participle]] of the [[deponent verb]] {{lang|la|[[wikt:patior|patior, patī, passus sum]]}}. Compassion is thus related in origin, form and meaning to the English noun patient (= one who suffers), from {{lang|la|patiens}}, [[present participle]] of the same {{lang|la|[[wikt:patior|patior]]}}, and is akin to the [[Ancient Greek|Greek]] verb {{lang|grc|πάσχειν}} ({{transliteration|grc|paskhein}}, to suffer) and to its [[cognate]] noun {{lang|grc|[[wikt:πάθος|πάθος]]}} (= {{transliteration|grc|[[pathos]]}}).&lt;ref&gt;{{multiref2<br /> |1={{Cite book |last=Brown |first=Lesley |url=https://archive.org/details/newshorteroxford00lesl |title=The New shorter Oxford English dictionary on historical principles |publisher=Clarendon |year=2002 |isbn=978-0-19-861271-1 |location=Oxford [Eng.] |url-access=registration}}<br /> |2={{Cite book |last=Partridge |first=Eric |title=Origins: a short etymological dictionary of modern English |publisher=Macmillan |year=1966 |isbn=978-0-02-594840-2 |location=New York}}<br /> }}&lt;/ref&gt; Ranked a great virtue in numerous philosophies, compassion is considered in almost all the major [[religion|religious traditions]] as among the greatest of [[virtue]]s.<br /> <br /> == Theories on conceptualizing compassion ==<br /> Theoretical perspectives show contrasts in their approaches to compassion.<br /> :* Compassion is simply a variation of love or sadness, not a distinct emotion.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Shaver |first1=P |first2=J|last2=Schwartz |first3=D |last3=Kirson |first4=C |last4=O'Connor |date=June 1987 |title=Emotion knowledge: further exploration of a prototype approach |journal=Journal of Personality and Social Psychology |volume=52 |issue=6 |pages=1061–1086 |doi=10.1037/0022-3514.52.6.1061 |pmid=3598857}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> :* From the perspective of evolutionary [[psychology]], compassion can be viewed as a distinct emotional state, which can be differentiated from distress, sadness, and love.&lt;ref&gt;{{multiref2<br /> |1={{Cite book |last=Bowlby |first=John |title=Attachment: Attachment and Loss Volume One |publisher=Basic Books |year=1983 |location=New York, NY}}<br /> |2={{Cite book |last=Haidt |first=Jonathan |title=The Moral Emotions |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2003 |location=Oxford |pages=852–870}}<br /> |3={{Cite book |last1=Keltner |first1=Dacher |title=Social Functionalism and the Evolution of Emotions |last2=Jonathan Haidt |last3=Michelle Shiota |publisher=Psychology Press |year=2006 |location=New York |pages=115–142}}<br /> |4={{cite journal | last1=Goetz | first1=Jennifer L. | last2=Keltner | first2=Dacher | last3=Simon-Thomas | first3=Emiliana | title=Compassion: An evolutionary analysis and empirical review. | journal=Psychological Bulletin | publisher=American Psychological Association (APA) | volume=136 | issue=3 | year=2010 | issn=1939-1455 | doi=10.1037/a0018807 | pages=351–374| pmid=20438142 | pmc=2864937}}<br /> }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> :* Compassion can be a synonym of [[empathic distress]], which is characterized by the feeling of distress in connection with another person's suffering.&lt;ref&gt;{{multiref2<br /> |1={{Cite journal |last1=Goetz |first1=Jennifer |last2=Dacher Kelter |last3=Emiliana Simon-Thomas |year=2010 |title=Compassion: An Evolutionary Analysis and Empirical Review |journal=Psychological Bulletin |volume=136 |issue=3 |pages=351–374 |doi=10.1037/a0018807 |pmc=2864937 |pmid=20438142}}<br /> |2={{Cite book |last=Ekman |first=Paul |title=Emotions Revealed: Recognizing Faces and Feelings to improve communication and emotional life |publisher=Henry Holt &amp; Company |year=2003 |location=New York, N.Y.}}<br /> |3={{Cite journal |last1=Floyd |first1=Kory |last2=Ray |first2=Colter D. |last3=James |first3=Rebecca |last4=Anderson |first4=A. J. |date=2022-08-08 |title=Correlates of Compassion for Suffering Social Groups |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/1041794X.2022.2086612 |journal=Southern Communication Journal |language=en |volume=87 |issue=4 |pages=324–338 |doi=10.1080/1041794X.2022.2086612 |s2cid=249554862 |issn=1041-794X|url-access=subscription }}<br /> }}&lt;/ref&gt; This perspective of compassion is based on the finding that people sometimes emulate and feel the emotions of people around them.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Hatfield |first1=Elaine |last2=John Cacioppo |last3=Rapson |first3=Richard L. |year=1993 |title=Emotional Contagion |journal=Current Directions in Psychological Science |volume=2 |issue=3 |pages=96–99 |doi=10.1111/1467-8721.ep10770953 |s2cid=220533081}}&lt;/ref&gt; However, compassion does not need to be distressing and may consist of both personal distress (e.g., feelings of subjective distress at another's plight, or empathic concern or distress (e.g., feeling distress on behalf of another). While the first feels subjectively upsetting and stressful, the second often does not&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Batson |first=C. Daniel |title=Altruism in humans |date=2011 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-534106-5 |location=Oxford ; New York}}&lt;/ref&gt;.<br /> :* According to [[Thupten Jinpa]], compassion is a ''sense of concern'' that arises in us in the face of someone who is in need or someone who is in pain. It is accompanied by a kind of a wishing (i.e. desire) to see the relief or end of that situation, along with wanting (i.e. [[motivation]]) to do something about it.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=9 September 2015 |title=Compassion is Natural. So Why Is It So Hard for Us? |url=https://bigthink.com/videos/thupten-jinpa-on-modern-day-compassion |access-date=28 November 2020 |website=Big Think |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Compassion is, however, not pity, neither an attachment, nor the same as empathetic feeling, nor even just simply wishful thinking. Compassion is basically a variation of love.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Science of Compassion |url=https://www.compassionateactionnetwork.org/science-of-compassion |access-date=3 November 2020 |website=CAN |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; To further this variation of love, Skalski and Aanstoos, in their article [https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/0022167819830782 The Phenomenology of Change Beyond Tolerating], describe compassion with the definition of [https://www.google.com/search?q=alleviate+definition&amp;oq=alleviate+def&amp;gs_lcrp=EgZjaHJvbWUqDwgAEAAYFBiHAhixAxiABDIPCAAQABgUGIcCGLEDGIAEMgkIARBFGDkYgAQyBwgCEAAYgAQyBwgDEAAYgAQyDAgEEAAYFBiHAhiABDIHCAUQABiABDINCAYQLhivARjHARiABDIHCAcQABiABDIHCAgQABiABDIHCAkQABiABNIBCDE2MTdqMWo0qAIAsAIA&amp;sourceid=chrome&amp;ie=UTF-8 alleviate] in mind. In the definition for alleviate there is no mention of taking, stopping, or fixing someone's suffering. It is simply trying to make it less severe. This has a connotation of desperation of sorts. Desiring so little from such a dire situation can be described as inspiring feelings to help with another's suffering in any way.<br /> :* Emma Seppala distinguishes compassion from empathy and [[altruism]] as follows: &quot;... The definition of compassion is often confused with that of empathy. Empathy, as defined by researchers, is the [[visceral]] or emotional experience of another person's feelings. It is, in a sense, an automatic mirroring of another's emotion, like tearing up at a friend's sadness. [[Altruism]] is an action that benefits someone else. It may or may not be accompanied by empathy or compassion, for example, in the case of making a donation for tax purposes. Although these terms are related to compassion, they are not identical. Compassion often involves an empathic response and [[Altruism|altruistic]] behavior; however, compassion is defined as the emotional response when perceiving suffering which involves an authentic desire to help.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Seppala |first=Emma |date=30 April 2013 |title=The Compassionate Mind |url=https://www.psychologicalscience.org/observer/the-compassionate-mind |journal=APS Observer |language=en-US |volume=26 |issue=5}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In addition, the more a person knows about the human condition and human experiences, the more vivid the route to identification with suffering becomes.&lt;ref name=&quot;Oxford Handbook of Positive Psychology&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Cassell |first=Eric |title=Oxford Handbook of Positive Psychology |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2009 |isbn=978-0-19-518724-3 |edition=2 |location=New York City |pages=393–403}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{Page needed|date=July 2023}} Identifying with another person is an essential process for human beings, something that is even illustrated by infants who begin to mirror the facial expressions and body movements of their mother as early as the first days of their lives.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Tissot |first1=H. |last2=Lapalus |first2=N. |last3=Frascarolo |first3=F. |last4=Despland |first4=J. |last5=Favez |first5=N |year=2022 |title=Family Alliance in Infancy and Toddlerhood Predicts Social Cognition in Adolescence |journal=Journal of Child &amp; Family Studies |volume=31 |issue=5 |pages=1338–1349 |doi=10.1007/s10826-021-02110-2 |s2cid=243248690 |doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt; Compassion is recognized through identifying with other people (i.e. [[perspective-taking]]), the knowledge of human behavior, the perception of suffering, the transfer of feelings, and the knowledge of goal and purpose-changes in sufferers which leads to the decline of their suffering.&lt;ref name=&quot;Oxford Handbook of Positive Psychology&quot; /&gt;{{Page needed|date=July 2023}}<br /> <br /> [[Personality psychology]] agrees that human suffering is always individual and unique. Suffering can result from psychological, social, and physical [[Traumatic brain injury|trauma]]&lt;ref name=&quot;cassell1995&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Cassell |first=Eric |title=The Healer's Art |publisher=MIT Press |year=1995 |isbn=978-0-262-53062-0}}&lt;/ref&gt; which happens in acute and chronic forms.&lt;ref name=&quot;cassell1995&quot; /&gt; [[Suffering]] has been defined as the perception of a person's impending destruction or loss of integrity, which continues until the threat is vanquished or the person's integrity can be restored.&lt;ref name=&quot;Oxford Handbook of Positive Psychology&quot; /&gt;{{Page needed|date=July 2023}}<br /> <br /> Compassion therefore has three major requirements: the compassionate person must feel that the troubles that evoke their feelings are serious; the belief that the sufferers' troubles are not self-inflicted; and the ability to picture oneself with the same problems in a non-blaming, non-shaming manner.&lt;ref name=&quot;Oxford Handbook of Positive Psychology&quot; /&gt;{{Page needed|date=July 2023}}<br /> <br /> Because the compassion process is highly related to identifying with another person and is possible among people from other countries, cultures, locations, etc., compassion is characteristic of democratic societies.&lt;ref name=&quot;Oxford Handbook of Positive Psychology&quot; /&gt;{{Page needed|date=July 2023}}<br /> <br /> The role of compassion as a factor contributing to individual or societal behavior has been the topic of continuous debate.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Brown |first=Lee |date=1 January 1996 |title=Compassion and Societal Well-Being |journal=Pacific Philosophical Quarterly |volume=77 |issue=3 |pages=216–224 |doi=10.1111/j.1468-0114.1996.tb00167.x}}&lt;/ref&gt; In contrast to the process of identifying with other people, a complete absence of compassion may require ignoring or disapproving identification with other people or groups.&lt;ref name=&quot;Oxford Handbook of Positive Psychology&quot; /&gt;{{Page needed|date=July 2023}} Earlier{{Compared to?|date=July 2023}} studies established the links between interpersonal violence and cruelty which leads to indifference.&lt;ref&gt;{{multiref2<br /> |1={{Cite book |title=Child abuse, domestic violence, and animal abuse: linking the circles of compassion for prevention and intervention |date=1999 |publisher=Purdue University Press |isbn=0-585-06389-3 |editor-last=Ascione |editor-first=Frank R. |location=West Lafayette, Ind. |oclc=42636597 |editor2-last=Arkow |editor2-first=Phil}}<br /> |2={{Cite book |last=Randall |first=Lockwood |title=Cruelty to Animals and Interpersonal Violence: Readings in Research and Application |date=1998 |publisher=Purdue University Press |isbn=1-55753-105-6 |oclc=231843225}}<br /> }}&lt;/ref&gt; Compassion may induce feelings of kindness and [[forgiveness]], which could give people the ability to stop situations that have the potential to be distressing and occasionally lead to violence.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Dreisoerner |first1=Aljoscha |last2=Junker |first2=Nina Mareen |last3=van Dick |first3=Rolf |date=January 2021 |title=The Relationship Among the Components of Self-compassion: A Pilot Study Using a Compassionate Writing Intervention to Enhance Self-kindness, Common Humanity, and Mindfulness |journal=Journal of Happiness Studies |language=en |volume=22 |issue=1 |pages=21–47 |doi=10.1007/s10902-019-00217-4 |s2cid=254699280 |issn=1389-4978|doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt; This concept has been illustrated throughout history: [[The Holocaust]], [[genocide]], [[European colonization of the Americas]], etc.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Diamond |first1=Shira |last2=Ronel |first2=Natti |date=2019-09-14 |title=From Bondage to Liberation: The Forgiveness Case of Holocaust Survivor Eva Mozes Kor |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/10926771.2018.1468376 |journal=Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment &amp; Trauma |language=en |volume=28 |issue=8 |pages=996–1016 |doi=10.1080/10926771.2018.1468376 |issn=1092-6771|url-access=subscription }}&lt;/ref&gt; The seemingly essential step in these atrocities could be the definition of the victims as &quot;not human&quot; or &quot;not us&quot;.{{dubious|reason=&quot;seemingly&quot; ... &quot;could be&quot;|date=July 2023}} The atrocities committed throughout human history are thus claimed{{By whom|date=July 2023}} to have only been relieved, minimized, or overcome in their damaging effects through the presence of compassion,&lt;ref name=&quot;Oxford Handbook of Positive Psychology&quot; /&gt;{{Page needed|date=July 2023}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Groot |first1=Marlies |last2=Schaafsma |first2=Juliette |last3=Castelain |first3=Thomas |last4=Malinowska |first4=Katarzyna |last5=Mann |first5=Liesbeth |last6=Ohtsubo |first6=Yohsuke |last7=Wulandari |first7=Maria Theresia Asti |last8=Bataineh |first8=Ruba Fahmi |last9=Fry |first9=Douglas P. |last10=Goudbeek |first10=Martijn |last11=Suryani |first11=Angela |date=December 2021 |title=Group-based shame, guilt, and regret across cultures |journal=European Journal of Social Psychology |volume=51 |issue=7 |pages=1198–1212 |doi=10.1002/ejsp.2808 |pmid=35910663 |pmc=9306671 |issn=0046-2772}}&lt;/ref&gt; although recently, drawing on empirical research in [[evolutionary theory]], [[developmental psychology]], [[social neuroscience]], and psychopathy, it has been counterargued that compassion or empathy and morality are neither systematically opposed to one another, nor inevitably complementary, since over the course of history, mankind has created social structures for upholding universal moral principles, such as Human Rights and the [[International Criminal Court]].&lt;ref&gt;{{multiref2<br /> |1={{Cite book |last=Decety |first=Jean |title=New Frontiers in Social Neuroscience |date=1 November 2014 |isbn=978-3-319-02903-0 |volume=21 |pages=127–151 |chapter=The Neuroevolution of Empathy and Caring for Others: Why It Matters for Morality |series=Research and Perspectives in Neurosciences |doi=10.1007/978-3-319-02904-7_8 |chapter-url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/287290900}}<br /> |2={{Cite journal |last1=Decety |first1=J. |last2=Cowell |first2=J. M. |year=2014 |title=The complex relation between morality and empathy |url=http://spihub.org/site/resource_files/publications/spi_wp_135_decety.pdf |journal=Trends in Cognitive Sciences |volume=18 |issue=7 |pages=337–339 |doi=10.1016/j.tics.2014.04.008 |pmid=24972506 |s2cid=355141}}<br /> }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> On one hand, [[Thomas Nagel]], for instance, critiques [[Joshua Greene (psychologist)|Joshua Greene]] by suggesting that he is too quick to conclude [[utilitarianism]] specifically from the general goal of constructing an impartial morality; for example, he says, [[Immanuel Kant]] and [[John Rawls]] offer other impartial approaches to ethical questions.&lt;ref name=&quot;Nagel2013&quot;&gt;{{Cite magazine |last=Nagel |first=Thomas |date=2 November 2013 |title=You Can't Learn About Morality from Brain Scans: The problem with moral psychology |url=https://newrepublic.com/article/115279/joshua-greenes-moral-tribes-reviewed-thomas-nagel |magazine=New Republic |access-date=24 November 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{Relevance inline|reason=what does this argument have to do with compassion?|date=July 2023}}<br /> <br /> In his defense against the possible destructive nature of passions, [[Plato]] compared the human soul to a chariot: the intellect is the driver and the emotions are the horses, and life is a continual struggle to keep the emotions under control.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |last=Stuart |first=Matthew |title=Agency: The Revised Account |date=2013-07-18 |work=Locke's Metaphysics |pages=443–492 |publisher=Oxford University Press |doi=10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199645114.003.0010 |isbn=978-0-19-964511-4}}&lt;/ref&gt; In his defense of a solid universal morality, Immanuel Kant saw compassion as a weak and misguided sentiment. &quot;Such benevolence is called soft-heartedness and should not occur at all among human beings&quot;, he said of it.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Heim |first=M. |date=2003-09-01 |title=The Aesthetics of Excess |journal=Journal of the American Academy of Religion |volume=71 |issue=3 |pages=531–554 |doi=10.1093/jaarel/lfg076 |issn=0002-7189}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Pathological compassion can result in negative effects, such as [[impunity]], [[miscarriage of justice]],&lt;ref name=&quot;c913&quot;&gt;{{cite journal | last1=Batson | first1=C. Daniel | last2=Klein | first2=Tricia R. | last3=Highberger | first3=Lori | last4=Shaw | first4=Laura L. | title=Immorality from empathy-induced altruism: When compassion and justice conflict. | journal=Journal of Personality and Social Psychology | volume=68 | issue=6 | date=1995 | issn=1939-1315 | doi=10.1037/0022-3514.68.6.1042 | pages=1042–1054 | url=https://doi.apa.org/doi/10.1037/0022-3514.68.6.1042 | access-date=2026-03-25}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[gullibility]], [[compassion fatigue]] and [[Depression (mood)|depression]], see also [[Altruism#Pathological altruism|pathological altruism]].&lt;ref name=&quot;q667&quot;&gt;{{cite journal | last1=Kaufman | first1=Scott Barry | last2=Jauk | first2=Emanuel | title=Healthy Selfishness and Pathological Altruism: Measuring Two Paradoxical Forms of Selfishness | journal=Frontiers in Psychology | publisher=Frontiers Media SA | volume=11 | date=2020-05-21 | issn=1664-1078 | doi=10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01006 | doi-access=free | page=}}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> <br /> == Psychology ==<br /> Compassion has become associated with and researched in the fields of [[positive psychology]] and social psychology.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Jazaieri |first1=Hooria |last2=Jinpa |first2=Geshe Thupten |last3=McGonigal |first3=Kelly |last4=Rosenberg |first4=Erika L. |last5=Finkelstein |first5=Joel |last6=Simon-Thomas |first6=Emiliana |last7=Cullen |first7=Margaret |last8=Doty |first8=James R. |last9=Gross |first9=James J. |date=25 July 2012 |title=Enhancing Compassion: A Randomized Controlled Trial of a Compassion Cultivation Training Program |journal=Journal of Happiness Studies |language=en |volume=14 |issue=4 |pages=1113–1126 |citeseerx=10.1.1.362.5161 |doi=10.1007/s10902-012-9373-z |issn=1389-4978 |s2cid=17669639}}&lt;/ref&gt; Compassion is a process of connecting by identifying with another person. This identification with others through compassion can lead to increased motivation to do something in an effort to relieve the suffering of others.<br /> <br /> Compassion is an evolved function from the harmony of a three grid internal system{{technical inline|date=July 2023}}: contentment-and-peace system, goals-and-drives system, and threat-and-safety system. [[Paul Gilbert (psychologist)|Paul Gilbert]] defines these collectively as necessary regulated systems for compassion.&lt;ref name=&quot;Gilbert2010&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |first=Paul |last=Gilbert |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=krNPL6xCVL0C |title=The Compassionate Mind: A New Approach to Life's Challenges |publisher=New Harbinger Publications |year=2010 |isbn=978-1-57224-840-3}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{page needed|date=July 2023}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Gilbert |first=Paul |date=21 February 2014 |title=The origins and nature of compassion focused therapy |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bjc.12043 |journal=British Journal of Clinical Psychology |language=en |volume=53 |issue=1 |pages=6–41 |doi=10.1111/bjc.12043|pmid=24588760 |s2cid=22650614 |url-access=subscription }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Paul Ekman describes a &quot;taxonomy of compassion&quot; including: emotional recognition (knowing how another person feels), emotional resonance (feeling emotions another person feels), familial connection (care-giver-offspring), global compassion (extending compassion to everyone in the world), sentient compassion (extended compassion to other species), and heroic compassion (compassion that comes with a risk).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Paul Ekman's Taxonomy of Compassion |url=https://greatergood.berkeley.edu/article/item/paul_ekmans_taxonomy_of_compassion |access-date=3 November 2020 |website=Greater Good |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Ekman also distinguishes proximal (i.e. in the moment) from distal compassion (i.e. predicting the future; [[affective forecasting]]): &quot;...it has implications in terms of how we go about encouraging compassion. We are all familiar with proximal compassion: Someone falls down in the street, and we help him get up. That's proximal compassion: where we see someone in need, and we help them. But, when I used to tell my kids, 'Wear a helmet,' that's distal compassion: trying to prevent harm before it occurs. And that requires a different set of skills: It requires social forecasting, anticipating harm before it occurs, and trying to prevent it. Distal compassion is much more amenable to educational influences, I think, and it's our real hope.&quot;&lt;ref name=Eckman&gt;{{Cite web |title=How to Cultivate Global Compassion |url=https://greatergood.berkeley.edu/article/item/paul_ekman_global_compassion |access-date=9 November 2020 |website=Greater Good |language=en|author-first1=Jill|author-last1=Suttie|date=8 April 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; Distal compassion also requires [[perspective-taking]].&lt;ref name=Eckman /&gt;<br /> <br /> Compassion is associated with psychological outcomes including increases in mindfulness and emotion regulation.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Jazaieri |first1=Hooria |last2=McGonigal |first2=Kelly |last3=Jinpa |first3=Thupten |last4=Doty |first4=James R. |last5=Gross |first5=James J. |last6=Goldin |first6=Philippe R. |date=1 February 2014 |title=A randomized controlled trial of compassion cultivation training: Effects on mindfulness, affect, and emotion regulation |journal=Motivation and Emotion |language=en |volume=38 |issue=1 |pages=23–35 |doi=10.1007/s11031-013-9368-z |issn=1573-6644 |s2cid=35717645}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> While empathy plays an important role in motivating caring for others and in guiding moral behavior, [[Jean Decety]]'s research demonstrates that this is far from being systematic or irrespective to the social identity of the targets, interpersonal relationships, and social context. He proposes that [[empathic concern]] (compassion) has evolved to favor kin and members of one own social group, can bias social decision-making by valuing one single individual over a group of others, and this can frontally conflict with principles of [[Equity (law)|fairness]] and [[justice]].&lt;ref&gt;Decety, J., &amp; Cowell, J. M. (2015). Empathy, justice and moral behavior. American Journal of Bioethics – Neuroscience, 6(3), 3–14.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === Compassion fatigue ===<br /> {{Further|Compassion fatigue}}<br /> People with a higher capacity or responsibility to empathize with others may be at risk for &quot;compassion fatigue&quot;, also called &quot;secondary traumatic stress&quot;. Examples of people at risk for compassion fatigue are those who spend significant time responding to information related to suffering.&lt;ref&gt;{{multiref2<br /> |1={{Cite book |year=2013 |editor-last=Figley |editor-first=Charles R. |title=Treating Compassion Fatigue | doi=10.4324/9780203890318|isbn=978-1-135-45460-9 }}<br /> |2={{Cite book |last=Figley |first=Charles |title=Compassion Fatigue: Coping With Secondary Traumatic Stress Disorder In Those Who Treat The Traumatized |publisher=Brunner-Routledge |year=1995 |isbn=978-0-87630-759-5 |location=London}}<br /> }}&lt;/ref&gt; However, newer research by [[Tania Singer|Singer]] and [[Matthieu Ricard|Ricard]] suggests that it is lack of suitable [[distress tolerance]] that gets people fatigued from compassion activities.&lt;ref name=&quot;Altruism: Ricard&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Ricard |first=Matthieu |title=Altruism: The Power of Compassion to Change Yourself and the World |publisher=Brown and Company |year=2015 |isbn=978-0-316-20824-6 |pages=56–64 |chapter=IV |chapter-url=http://info-buddhism.com/Empathy-Compassion-Neuroscience-Ricard-Altruism.html}}&lt;/ref&gt; Individuals at risk for compassion fatigue usually display these four key attributes: diminished endurance and/or energy, declined empathic ability, helplessness and/or hopelessness, and emotional exhaustion.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Jenkins |first1=Belinda |last2=Warren |first2=Nancy A. |date=October 2012 |title=Concept Analysis |journal=Critical Care Nursing Quarterly |volume=35 |issue=4 |pages=388–395 |doi=10.1097/cnq.0b013e318268fe09 |pmid=22948373 |issn=0887-9303}}&lt;/ref&gt; Negative coping skills can also increase the risk of developing compassion fatigue.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Dreisoerner |first1=Aljoscha |last2=Junker |first2=Nina Mareen |last3=van Dick |first3=Rolf |date=2021 |title=The Relationship Among the Components of Self-compassion: A Pilot Study Using a Compassionate Writing Intervention to Enhance Self-kindness, Common Humanity, and Mindfulness |journal=Journal of Happiness Studies |language=en |volume=22 |issue=1 |pages=21–47 |doi=10.1007/s10902-019-00217-4 |s2cid=254699280 |issn=1389-4978|doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> People can alleviate sorrow and distress by doing self-care activities on a regular basis. {{clarify|text=Improving consciousness|date=July 2023}} helps to guide people to recognize the impact and circumstances of past events. After people {{clarify|text=learn the experience from the situation in the past|date=July 2023}}, they are able to find the causes of compassion fatigue in their daily life.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Smith |first=Patrica |date=2020 |title=What is compassion fatigue? |url=https://www.compassionfatigue.org/index.html |access-date=11 November 2020 |website=Compassion Fatigue Awareness Project}}&lt;/ref&gt; Practice of nonjudgmental compassion can prevent fatigue and [[Occupational burnout|burnout]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Klimecki&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last1=Klimecki|first1=O.M.|last2=Leiberg|first2=S.|last3=Ricard|first3=M.|last4=Singer|first4=T.|year=2014|title=Differential pattern of functional brain plasticity after compassion and empathy training|journal=Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience|volume=9|number=6|pages=873–879|doi=10.1093/scan/nst060 |pmid=23576808 |pmc=4040103 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Some methods that can help people to heal compassion fatigue include physical activity, eating healthy food with every meal, good relations with others, enjoying interacting with others in the community, writing a journal frequently, and sleeping enough every day.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; The practice of mindfulness and self-awareness also helps with compassion fatigue.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Hernandez-Wolfe |first=Pilar |date=October 2018 |title=Vicarious Resilience: A Comprehensive Review |journal=Revista de Estudios Sociales |issue=66 |pages=9–17 |doi=10.7440/res66.2018.02 |s2cid=150291525 |issn=0123-885X|doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === Conditions that influence compassion ===<br /> Psychologist Paul Gilbert identifies several factors that can reduce a person's willingness to show compassion toward others. These include lower levels of perceived likability, competence, deservedness, and empathic capacity, as well as higher levels of self-focused competitiveness, anxiety and depression, feelings of being overwhelmed, and inhibiting influences within social structures and systems.&lt;ref&gt;{{multiref2<br /> |1={{Cite web |title=Paul Gilbert—Compassion for the dark side |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-xSOHOfG2yE |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211117/-xSOHOfG2yE |archive-date=17 November 2021 |access-date=1 December 2020 |website=YouTube| date=23 December 2017 }}{{cbignore}}<br /> |2={{Cite journal |last1=Crimston |first1=Charlie R. |last2=Blessing |first2=Sarah |last3=Gilbert |first3=Paul |last4=Kirby |first4=James N. |date=2021-07-17 |title=Fear leads to suffering: Fears of compassion predict restriction of the moral boundary |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bjso.12483 |journal=British Journal of Social Psychology |language=en |volume=61 |issue=1 |pages=345–365 |doi=10.1111/bjso.12483 |pmid=34279046 |s2cid=236091116 |issn=0144-6665|url-access=subscription }}<br /> }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==== Compassion fade ====<br /> {{Further|Compassion fade|Identifiable victim effect}}<br /> Compassion fade is the tendency of people to experience a decrease in empathy as the number of people in need of aid increases. The term was coined by psychologist Paul Slovic.&lt;ref&gt;{{multiref2<br /> |1={{cite journal|last=Ahmed|first=F.|year=2017|title=Profile of Paul Slovic|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America|volume=114|number=10|pages=2437–2439|doi=10.1073/pnas.1701967114 |jstor=26480045 |pmid=28265067 |pmc=5347577 |bibcode=2017PNAS..114.2437A |doi-access=free }}<br /> |2={{Cite journal |last=Johnson |first=James |year=2011 |title=The Arithmetic of Compassion: Rethinking the Politics of Photography |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0007123410000487/type/journal_article |journal=British Journal of Political Science |language=en |volume=41 |issue=3 |pages=621–643 |doi=10.1017/S0007123410000487 |s2cid=231794910 |issn=0007-1234|url-access=subscription }}<br /> |3={{cite journal | last1=Västfjäll | first1=Daniel | last2=Slovic | first2=Paul | last3=Mayorga | first3=Marcus | last4=Peters | first4=Ellen | title=Compassion Fade: Affect and Charity Are Greatest for a Single Child in Need | journal=PLOS ONE | publisher=Public Library of Science (PLoS) | volume=9 | issue=6 | year=2014 | issn=1932-6203 | doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0100115 | article-number=e100115 | pmid=24940738 | pmc=4062481 | bibcode=2014PLoSO...9j0115V | doi-access=free}}<br /> }}&lt;/ref&gt; It is a type of [[cognitive bias]] that people use to justify their decision to help or not to help, and to ignore certain information.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last1=Morris|first1=S.|last2=Cranney|first2=J.|year=2018|chapter=2: The imperfect mind|title=The Rubber Brain|pages=19–42|publisher=Australian Academic Press}}&lt;/ref&gt; To turn compassion into compassionate behavior requires {{clarify|text=the singular person's response to the group in need, followed by motivation to help that can lead to action|date=July 2023}}.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Butts |first1=Marcus M. |last2=Lunt |first2=Devin C. |last3=Freling |first3=Traci L. |last4=Gabriel |first4=Allison S. |date=March 2019 |title=Helping one or helping many? A theoretical integration and meta-analytic review of the compassion fade literature |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0749597818302930 |journal=Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes |language=en |volume=151 |pages=16–33 |doi=10.1016/j.obhdp.2018.12.006|s2cid=149806445 |url-access=subscription }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In an examination of the motivated regulation of compassion in the context of large-scale crises, such as natural disasters and genocides, research established that people tend to feel more compassion for single identifiable victims than single anonymous victims or large masses of victims (the [[Identifiable victim effect]]).&lt;ref&gt;{{multiref2<br /> |1={{Cite journal |last1=Lee |first1=Seyoung |last2=Feeley |first2=Thomas Hugh |year=2016 |title=The identifiable victim effect: a meta-analytic review |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/15534510.2016.1216891 |journal=Social Influence |language=en |volume=11 |issue=3 |pages=199–215 |doi=10.1080/15534510.2016.1216891 |s2cid=152232362 |issn=1553-4510|url-access=subscription }}<br /> |2={{cite journal | last1=Kogut | first1=Tehila | last2=Ritov | first2=Ilana | title=The &quot;identified victim&quot; effect: an identified group, or just a single individual? | journal=Journal of Behavioral Decision Making | publisher=Wiley | volume=18 | issue=3 | year=2005 | issn=0894-3257 | doi=10.1002/bdm.492 | pages=157–167}}<br /> }}&lt;/ref&gt; People only show less compassion for many victims than for single victims of disasters when they expect to incur a financial cost upon helping. This [[collapse of compassion]] depends on having the motivation and ability to regulate emotions.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal| doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0199535| doi-access=free| title=The elusive power of the individual victim: Failure to find a difference in the effectiveness of charitable appeals focused on one compared to many victims| year=2018| last1=Hart| first1=P. Sol| last2=Lane| first2=Dan| last3=Chinn| first3=Sedona| journal=PLOS ONE| volume=13| issue=7| article-number=e0199535| pmid=30020998| pmc=6051573| bibcode=2018PLoSO..1399535H}}&lt;/ref&gt; People are more apt to offer help to a certain number of needy people if that number is closer to the whole number of people in need.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|year=1997|journal=Journal of Risk and Uncertainty|title=Insensitivity to the Value of Human Life: A Study of Psychophysical Numbing|first1=David|last1=Fetherstonhaugh|first2=Paul|last2=Slovic|first3=Stephen|last3=Johnson|first4=James|last4=Friedrich|volume=14|issue=3 |pages=283–300|doi=10.1023/A:1007744326393 |s2cid=51033376 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Humans feel more compassionate towards members of another species the more recently their species had a common ancestor.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal | last1=Miralles | first1=Aurélien | last2=Raymond | first2=Michel | last3=Lecointre | first3=Guillaume | title=Empathy and compassion toward other species decrease with evolutionary divergence time | journal=Scientific Reports | publisher=Springer Science and Business Media LLC | volume=9 | issue=1 | date=20 December 2019 | page=19555 | issn=2045-2322 | doi=10.1038/s41598-019-56006-9| pmid=31862944 | pmc=6925286 | bibcode=2019NatSR...919555M }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In laboratory research, psychologists are exploring how concerns about becoming emotionally exhausted may motivate people to curb their compassion for—and dehumanize—members of stigmatized social groups, such as homeless individuals and drug addicts.&lt;ref&gt;Cameron, Harris, &amp; Payne, in prep{{Full citation needed|date=July 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{better source needed|date=July 2023}}<br /> <br /> ==Neurobiology==<br /> Olga Klimecki (''et al.''), found differential (non-overlapping) fMRI brain activation areas in respect to compassion and empathy: compassion was associated with the [[Orbitofrontal cortex|mOFC]], [[anterior cingulate cortex|pregenual ACC]], and ventral [[striatum]]. Empathy, in contrast, was associated with the [[Insular cortex|anterior insula]] and the [[cingulate cortex|anterior midcingulate cortex]] (aMCC).&lt;ref name=&quot;Klimecki&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> In one study conducted by James Rilling and Gregory Berns, neuroscientists at [[Emory University]], subjects' brain activities were recorded while they helped someone in need. It was found that while the subjects were performing compassionate acts, the caudate nucleus and anterior cingulate regions of the brain were activated, the same areas of the brain associated with pleasure and reward. One brain region, the subgenual [[anterior cingulate]] cortex/[[basal forebrain]], contributes to learning altruistic behavior, especially in those with trait empathy.&lt;ref name=&quot;PMID_27528669&quot;&gt;{{multiref2<br /> |1={{Cite journal |last1=Lockwood |first1=Patricia L |last2=Apps |first2=Matthew A J |last3=Valton |first3=Vincent |last4=Viding |first4=Essi |last5=Roiser |first5=Jonathan P |year=2016 |title=Neurocomputational mechanisms of prosocial learning and links to empathy. |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |volume=113 |issue=35 |pages=9763–8 |doi=10.1073/pnas.1603198113 |pmc=5024617 |pmid=27528669 |bibcode=2016PNAS..113.9763L |quote=. fMRI revealed that activity in a posterior portion of the subgenual anterior cingulate cortex/basal forebrain (sgACC) drives learning only when we are acting in a prosocial context |doi-access=free}}<br /> |2={{lay source |template=cite news |date=August 15, 2016 |title=Finding the Brain's Generosity Center |url=http://neurosciencenews.com/generosity-empathy-neuroscience-4850/ |work=Neuroscience News}}<br /> }}&lt;/ref&gt; The same study showed a connection between giving to charity and the promotion of social bonding and personal reputation.&lt;ref name=&quot;neurons&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |last=Svoboda |first=Elizabeth |date=5 September 2013 |title=Scientists Are Finding That We Are Hard-Wired for Giving |publisher=University of Notre Dame |url=https://generosityresearch.nd.edu/news/hard-wired-for-giving/ |access-date=7 August 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; True compassion, if it exists at all, is thus inherently motivated (at least to some degree) by self-interest.{{dubious|reason=the descriptions of the neuroscience studies given above say nothing about motivation|date=July 2023}}<br /> <br /> In a 2009 small [[fMRI]] experiment, researchers at the [[Brain and Creativity Institute]] studied strong feelings of compassion for {{clarify|text=social|reason=what's &quot;social pain&quot;?|date=July 2023}} and physical pain in others. Both feelings involved an expected change in activity in the anterior [[insular cortex|insula]], [[anterior cingulate]], [[hypothalamus]], and [[midbrain]], but they also found a previously undescribed pattern of [[Cerebral cortex|cortical]] activity on the posterior [[medial (anatomy)|medial]] surface of each brain hemisphere, a region involved in the [[Default network|default mode of brain function]], and implicated in {{clarify|text=self-related processes|reason=processes that relate to themselves? that relate to the &quot;self&quot;? that relate to oneself?|date=July 2023}}. Compassion for social pain in others was associated with strong activation in the interoceptive, inferior/posterior portion of this region, while compassion for physical pain in others involved heightened activity in the exteroceptive, superior/anterior portion. Compassion for social pain activated this superior/anterior section, to a lesser extent. Activity in the anterior insula related to compassion for social pain peaked later and endured longer than that associated with compassion for physical pain.&lt;ref name=&quot;MHIY2009&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Immordino-Yang |first1=M. H. |last2=McColl |first2=A. |last3=Damasio |first3=H. |last4=Damasio |first4=A. |date=May 2009 |title=Neural correlates of admiration and compassion |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=106 |issue=19 |pages=8021–6 |doi=10.1073/pnas.0810363106 |pmc=2670880 |pmid=19414310 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; Compassionate emotions toward others affect the [[prefrontal cortex]], inferior frontal cortex, and the [[midbrain]].&lt;ref name=&quot;MHIY2009&quot; /&gt; Feelings and acts of compassion stimulate areas known to regulate [[homeostasis]], such as the [[anterior insula]], the [[anterior cingulate]], the [[mesencephalon]], the [[insular cortex]] and the [[hypothalamus]], supporting the hypothesis that social emotions use some of the same basic devices involved in other, primary emotions.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Kim |first1=Ji-Woong |last2=Kim |first2=Sung-Eun |last3=Kim |first3=Jae-Jin |last4=Jeong |first4=Bumseok |last5=Park |first5=Chang-Hyun |last6=Son |first6=Ae Ree |last7=Song |first7=Ji Eun |last8=Ki |first8=Seon Wan |date=August 2009 |title=Compassionate attitude towards others' suffering activates the mesolimbic neural system. |journal= Neuropsychologia|volume=47 |issue=10 |pages=2073–2081 |doi=10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2009.03.017 |pmid=19428038 |s2cid=22862525 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Compassion in practice ==<br /> === Medicine ===<br /> Compassion is one of the most important attributes for physicians practicing medical services.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |title=Principles of Medical Ethics |publisher=American Medical Association |year=1981 |location=Chicago}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{Page needed|date=July 2023}} Compassion brings about the desire to do something to help the sufferer.&lt;ref name=&quot;Oxford Handbook of Positive Psychology&quot; /&gt;{{Page needed|date=July 2023}} That desire to be helpful is not compassion, but it does suggest that compassion is similar to other emotions in that it motivates behaviors to reduce the tension brought on by the emotion.&lt;ref name=&quot;Oxford Handbook of Positive Psychology&quot; /&gt;{{Page needed|date=July 2023}} Physicians generally identify their central duties as the responsibility to put the patient's interests first, including the duty not to harm, to deliver proper care, and to maintain confidentiality.&lt;ref name=&quot;Oxford Handbook of Positive Psychology&quot; /&gt;{{Page needed|date=July 2023}} Compassion is seen in each of those duties because of its direct relation to the recognition and treatment of suffering.&lt;ref name=&quot;Oxford Handbook of Positive Psychology&quot; /&gt;{{Page needed|date=July 2023}} Physicians who use compassion understand the effects of sickness and suffering on human behavior.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Cassell |first=Eric |title=The Nature of Suffering |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=1985 |location=New York}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{Page needed|date=July 2023}} Compassion may be closely related to love and the emotions evoked in sickness and suffering. This is illustrated{{how|date=July 2023}} by the relationship between patients and physicians in medical institutions.&lt;ref name=&quot;Oxford Handbook of Positive Psychology&quot; /&gt;{{Page needed|date=July 2023}} The relationship between suffering patients and their caregivers provides evidence that compassion is a social emotion that is {{vague|text=related to|date=July 2023}} the closeness and cooperation between individuals.<br /> <br /> === Psychotherapy ===<br /> {{Further|Compassion focused therapy}}<br /> Compassion-focused therapy, created by clinical psychologist Professor [[Paul Gilbert (psychologist)|Paul Gilbert]], focuses on the evolutionary psychology behind compassion: balancing of affect regulation systems (e.g. using affiliative emotions from the care-and-contentment system to soothe and reduce painful emotions from the threat-detection system).{{technical inline|date=July 2023}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |last1=Lopes |first1=Ana Filipa |title=Compassion-Focused Therapy (CFT) |date=5 December 2020 |url=https://epg.pubpub.org/pub/1eabo1h0/release/1 |journal=EFPT Psychotherapy Guidebook |publisher=PubPub |language=en |doi=10.21428/fc0b32aa.3296abfc |access-date=30 December 2020 |last2=Silva |first2=Filipa Martins |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Gilbert, Paul,&quot;The Compassionate Mind (Compassion Focused Therapy)&quot;{{full citation needed|date=July 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Self-compassion ==<br /> {{Further|Self-compassion}}<br /> Self-compassion is being kind to oneself and accepting suffering as a quality of being human. It has positive effects on subjective happiness, [[optimism]], [[wisdom]], [[curiosity]], [[agreeableness]], and [[extroversion]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Neff |first1=Kristen |first2=Stephanie|last2= Rude |first3=Kristin|last3=Kirpatrick |year=2007 |title=An examination of self-compassion in relation to positive psychological functioning and personality traits |journal=Journal of Research in Psychology |volume=41 |issue=4 |pages=908–916 |doi=10.1016/j.jrp.2006.08.002}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Kristin Neff]] and Christopher Germer identified three levels of activities that thwart self-compassion: [[self-criticism]], self-isolation, and self-absorption; they equate this to [[Fight-or-flight response|fight, flight, and freeze responses]].&lt;ref&gt;{{multiref2<br /> |1={{Cite journal|url=http://self-compassion.org/wp-content/uploads/publications/germer.neff.pdf|title=Self-Compassion in Clinical Practice|first1=Christopher K.|last1=Germer|first2=Kristin D.|last2=Neff|journal=Journal of Clinical Psychology: In Session|volume=69|number=8|pages=856–867|year=2013|doi=10.1002/jclp.22021 |pmid=23775511 |s2cid=2799698 |access-date=20 December 2022}}<br /> |2={{Cite book|chapter-url=https://chrisgermer.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/Transforming-Trauma.pdf|first1=Christopher K.|last1=Germer|first2=Kristin D.|last2=Neff|chapter=Cultivating Self-Compassion in Trauma Survivors|year=2015|editor-first1=V.M.|editor-last1=Follette|editor-first2=J.|editor-last2=Briere|editor-first3=D.|editor-last3=Rozelle|editor-first4=J.W.|editor-last4=Hopper|editor-first5=D.I.|editor-last5=Rome|title=Mindfulness-oriented interventions for trauma: Integrating contemplative practices|pages=43–58|publisher=The Guilford Press}}<br /> }}&lt;/ref&gt; Parenting practices contribute to the development of self-compassion in children. Maternal support, secure attachment, and harmonious family functioning all create an environment where self-compassion can develop. On the other hand, certain developmental factors (i.e., personal fable{{technical inline|date=July 2023}}) can hinder the development of self-compassion in children.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Neff |first=Kristin D. |date=June 2009 |title=The Role of Self-Compassion in Development: A Healthier Way to Relate to Oneself |journal=Hum. Dev. |volume=52 |issue=4 |pages=211–214 |doi=10.1159/000215071 |pmc=2790748 |pmid=22479080}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ''Authentic leadership'' centered on humanism and on nourishing quality interconnectedness increase compassion in the workplace to self and others.&lt;ref name=&quot;Compassion in the workplace&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Peus |first=Claudia |date=15 April 2011 |title=Money over man versus caring and compassion? Challenges for today's organizations and their leaders |journal=Journal of Organizational Behavior |volume=32 |issue=7 |pages=955–960 |doi=10.1002/job.751}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> [[Judith V. Jordan|Judith Jordan]]'s concept of ''self-empathy'' is similar to self-compassion, it implies the capacity to notice, care, and respond towards one's own felt needs. Strategies of self-care involve valuing oneself, thinking about one's {{clarify|text=ideations of needs|date=July 2023}} compassionately, and connecting with others in order {{clarify|text=to conversely experience|date=July 2023}} renewal, support, and validation. Research indicates that self-compassionate individuals experience greater [[psychological health]] than those who lack self-compassion.&lt;ref&gt;{{multiref2<br /> |1={{Cite journal |last1=Leary |first1=Mark R. |last2=Tate |first2=Eleanor B. |last3=Adams |first3=Claire E. |last4=Batts Allen |first4=Ashley |last5=Hancock |first5=Jessica |year=2007 |title=Self-compassion and reactions to unpleasant self-relevant events: The implications of treating oneself kindly |journal=Journal of Personality and Social Psychology |volume=92 |issue=5 |pages=887–904 |doi=10.1037/0022-3514.92.5.887 |pmid=17484611|s2cid=17335165 }}<br /> |2={{Cite journal |last1=Neff |first1=K. D. |last2=Rude |first2=S. S. |last3=Kirkpatrick |first3=K. |year=2007 |title=An examination of self-compassion in relation to positive psychological functioning and personality traits |journal=Journal of Research in Personality |volume=41 |issue=4 |pages=908–916 |doi=10.1016/j.jrp.2006.08.002}}<br /> }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Religion and philosophy ==<br /> ===Abrahamic religions===<br /> ====Christianity====<br /> [[File:G. Conti La parabola del Buon Samaritano Messina Chiesa della Medaglia Miracolosa Casa di Ospitalità Collereale.jpg|thumb|Compassion in action: painting of the parable of the [[Good Samaritan]] by [[Giacomo Conti (artist)|Giacomo Conti]] (1813-1888)]]<br /> <br /> The [[Christian Bible]]'s [[Second Epistle to the Corinthians]] is but one place where God is spoken of as the &quot;Father of mercies&quot; (or &quot;compassion&quot;)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.blueletterbible.org/lexicon/g3628/nasb95/mgnt/0-1/|at=Strong's G3628|title=οἰκτιρμός (oiktirmos)}}&lt;/ref&gt; and the &quot;God of all comfort.&quot;<br /> <br /> {{Blockquote|Blessed ''be'' the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, the Father of mercies and God of all comfort, who comforts us in all our affliction so that we will be able to comfort those who are in any affliction with the comfort with which we ourselves are comforted by God.|||source=[[Second Epistle to the Corinthians|2 Corinthians]] 1:3–4&lt;ref&gt;{{Bibleverse|2 Corinthians|1:3–4|NASB1995}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> <br /> [[Jesus]] embodies the essence of compassion and relational care. Christ challenges Christians to forsake their own desires and to act compassionately towards others, particularly those in need or distress.{{r|Lampert|at=Ch. 1}}<br /> <br /> {{Blockquote|Carry each other's burdens, and in this way you will fulfill the law of Christ.|||source=[[Epistle to the Galatians|Galatians]] 6:2&lt;ref&gt;{{Bibleverse|Galatians|6:2}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Blockquote|Be kind to one another, tender-hearted, forgiving each other, just as God in Christ also has forgiven you.|||source=[[Ephesians]] 4:32&lt;ref&gt;{{Bibleverse|Ephesians|4:32|NASB1995}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> <br /> One of his most well-known teachings about compassion is the Parable of the Good Samaritan ({{Bibleverse|Luke|10:29–37}}), in which a Samaritan traveler &quot;was moved with compassion&quot; at the sight of a man who was beaten. Jesus also demonstrated compassion to those his society had condemned—tax collectors, prostitutes, and criminals—by saying &quot;just because you received a loaf of bread, does not mean you were more conscientious about it, or more caring about your fellow man&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;Drake-Brockman 2012&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Drake-Brockman |first=Tom |title=Christian Humanism: the compassionate theology of a Jew called Jesus |publisher=Denis Jones and associates |year=2012 |isbn=978-0-646-53039-0 |location=Sydney}}&lt;/ref&gt; Here, as in [[Prodigal son|Luke 15]] and other places, the word ευσπλαχνία is used for a visceral emotion. [[Wycliffe's Bible|Wycliff]] gives &quot;entrails of mercy&quot; and the [[King James Version]]'s &quot;bowels of mercy&quot; seems the inspiration for [[Charles Wesley]]'s hymn &quot;Bowels of divine compassion&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;c.f. other versions of [https://www.biblegateway.com/verse/en/Colossians%203%3A12 Colossians 3:12]. [https://expositorysongs.com/lyrics/bowels-of-divine-compassion-charles-wesley/ Wesley's hymn] apparently awaits being added to wikisource.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> An interpretation of the incarnation and crucifixion of Jesus is that it was undertaken from a compassionate desire to feel the suffering of and effect the salvation of mankind; this was also a compassionate sacrifice by God of his own son (&quot;For God so loved the world, that he gave his only begotten Son...&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Bibleverse|John|3:16}}&lt;/ref&gt;).<br /> <br /> A 2012 study of the [[historical Jesus]] claimed that he sought to elevate Judaic compassion as the supreme human virtue, capable of reducing suffering and fulfilling the God-ordained purpose of transforming the world into something more worthy of its creator.&lt;ref name=&quot;Drake-Brockman 2012&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> ====Islam====<br /> [[File:Nomad prayer.jpg|thumb|A 1930s photograph of a desert traveler praying to [[Allah]] &quot;the Compassionate, the Merciful&quot;]]<br /> <br /> In the Muslim tradition, foremost among [[Allah|God's]] [[99 Names of Allah#List of Names|attributes]] are mercy and compassion, or, in the canonical language of Arabic, {{transliteration|ar|Rahman}} and {{transliteration|ar|Rahim}}. Each of the 114 chapters of the [[Quran]], with one [[At-Tawbah|exception]], begins with the verse, &quot;In the name of Allah the Compassionate, the Merciful.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;autogenerated2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=University of Southern California |url=http://www.usc.edu/dept/MSA/fundamentals/tawheed/conceptofgod.html |access-date=2 June 2014 |publisher=Usc.edu |archive-date=21 February 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090221024514/http://www.usc.edu/dept/MSA/fundamentals/tawheed/conceptofgod.html }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> {{Blockquote|Certainly a Messenger has come to you from among yourselves; grievous to him is your falling into distress, excessively solicitous respecting you; to the believers (he is) compassionate.|{{qref|9|128|b=yl}}|}}<br /> <br /> The Arabic word for compassion is {{transliteration|ar|rahmah}}. Its roots abound in the Quran. A good Muslim is to commence each day, each prayer, and each significant action by invoking Allah the Merciful and Compassionate, i.e., by reciting {{transliteration|ar|Bism-i-llah a-Rahman-i-Rahim}}. The womb and family ties are characterized by compassion and named after the exalted attribute of Allah &quot;{{transliteration|ar|Al-Rahim}}&quot; (The Compassionate).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Jeffrey |first=Isobel |date=2007-02-04 |title=The Contemporary Influences of Muhyiddin Ibn 'Arabi in the West: The Beshara School and the Muhyiddin Ibn 'Arabi Society |journal=Comparative Islamic Studies |volume=1 |issue=1 |pages=43–68 |doi=10.1558/cis.v1i1.43 |issn=1743-1638}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ====Judaism====<br /> In the [[Judaism|Jewish tradition]], God is the Compassionate and is invoked as the Father of Compassion:&lt;ref name=Lampert&gt;{{cite book | last=Lampert | first=Khen | title=Traditions of Compassion: From Religious Duty to Social Activism | publisher=Palgrave Macmillan | date=2006 | isbn=978-1-4039-8527-9 }}&lt;/ref&gt; hence {{transliteration|he|Raḥmana}} or Compassionate becomes the usual designation for His revealed word. (Compare, above, the frequent use of {{transliteration|ar|raḥman}} in the [[Quran]]).&lt;ref name=&quot;autogenerated1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |website=The Jewish Encyclopedia |first1=Kaufmann|last1=Kohler|first2=Emil G.|last2=Hirsch|title=Compassion|url=https://jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/4576-compassion }}&lt;/ref&gt; Sorrow and pity for one in distress, creating a desire to relieve it, is a feeling ascribed alike to man and God: in [[Biblical Hebrew]], ({{transliteration|he|riḥam}}, from {{transliteration|he|reḥem}}, the mother, womb), &quot;to pity&quot; or &quot;to show mercy&quot; in view of the sufferer's helplessness, hence also &quot;to forgive&quot; ({{Bibleverse|Habakkuk|3:2}}), &quot;to forbear&quot; ({{Bibleverse|Exodus|2:6}}; {{Bibleverse|1 Samuel|15:3}}; {{Bibleverse|Jeremiah|15:15, 21:7|multi=yes}}). The [[Rabbi]]s speak of the &quot;thirteen attributes of compassion&quot;. The [[Hebrew Bible|Bible]] identifies compassion of a mother for her offspring as comparable, though inferior, to a prophet's trust in God being validated upon appeal ({{Bibleverse|Isaiah|49:15}}).&lt;ref name=&quot;autogenerated1&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> A classic articulation of the [[Golden Rule]] came from the first century [[Hillel the Elder|Rabbi Hillel the Elder]]. Renowned in the Jewish tradition as a sage and a scholar, he is associated with the development of the [[Mishnah]] and the [[Talmud]] and, as such, is one of the most important figures in [[Jewish history]]. Asked for a summary of the Jewish religion &quot;while standing on one leg&quot; (meaning in the most concise terms) Hillel stated: &quot;That which is hateful to you, do not do to your fellow. That is the whole Torah. The rest is the explanation; go and learn.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;[[Talmud|Babylonian Talmud]], tractate Shabbat 31a. See also the [[ethic of reciprocity]] or &quot;The [[Golden rule]].&quot;&lt;/ref&gt; Post [[9/11]], the words of Rabbi Hillel are frequently quoted in public lectures and interviews around the world by the prominent writer on comparative religion [[Karen Armstrong]].<br /> <br /> Many Jewish sources speak of the importance of compassion for and [[Tza'ar ba'alei chayim|prohibitions on causing needless pain to animals]]. Significant rabbis who have done so include Rabbi Samson Raphael Hirsch,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Imitation of Divine Compassion in the Jewish Tradition: Jewish Vegetarian – Vegan Articles From All-Creatures.org Articles Archive |url=https://www.all-creatures.org/articles/jv-imitation.html |access-date=2023-08-18 |website=www.all-creatures.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; Rabbi Simhah Zissel Ziv,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Claussen |first=Geoffrey |date=2019-01-01 |title=Musar and Jewish Veganism |url=https://www.academia.edu/38625778 |journal=Jewish Veganism and Vegetarianism: Studies and New Directions|pages=195–216 |doi=10.1515/9781438473628-011 |isbn=978-1-4384-7362-8 }}&lt;/ref&gt; and Rabbi Moshe Cordovero.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=JewishVeg: Rav Moshe Cordoero on Compassion for Animals |url=https://www.jewishveg.org/DScordovero.html |access-date=2023-08-18 |website=www.jewishveg.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Ancient Greek philosophy===<br /> In [[ancient Greek philosophy]] motivations based on {{transliteration|grc|[[pathos]]}} (feeling, passion) were typically distrusted. [[Reason]] was generally considered to be the proper guide to conduct. Compassion was considered {{transliteration|grc|pathos}}; hence, {{lang|la|[[Dike (mythology)|Justice]]}} is depicted as blindfolded, because her [[arete|virtue]] is dispassion — not compassion.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |first=Thomas |last=Szasz |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2pduB22E43oC&amp;pg=PA4 |title=Cruel Compassion: Psychiatric Control of Society's Unwanted |publisher=Syracuse University Press |year=1998 |isbn=978-0-8156-0510-2 |author-link=Thomas Szasz}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> [[Aristotle]] compared compassion with indignation and thought they were both worthy feelings: Compassion means being pained by another person's unearned misfortune; indignation means being pained by another's unearned good fortune. Both are an unhappy awareness of an unjust imbalance.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|author=Aristotle|title-link=Rhetoric (Aristotle)|title=Rhetoric|at=II.9}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> [[Stoicism]] had a doctrine of rational compassion known as {{transliteration|grc|[[oikeiôsis]]}}.<br /> <br /> In Roman society, compassion was often seen as a [[vice]] when it was expressed as [[pity]] rather than [[mercy]]. In other words, showing empathy toward someone who was seen as deserving was considered virtuous, whereas showing empathy to someone deemed unworthy was considered immoral and weak.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Dunkle |first=Roger |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NdvbAAAAQBAJ |title=Gladiators: Violence and Spectacle in Ancient Rome |publisher=Routledge |year=2008 |isbn=978-1-317-90521-9 |page=18}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Confucianism===<br /> [[Mencius]] maintained that everyone possesses the germ or root of compassion, illustrating his case with the famous example of the child at an open well:<br /> <br /> &quot;Suppose a man were, all of a sudden, to see a young child on the verge of falling into a well. He would certainly be moved to compassion, not because he wanted to get into the good graces of the parents, nor because he wished to win the praise of his fellow-villagers or friends, nor yet because he disliked the cry of the child&quot;.&lt;ref name=Mencius&gt;{{cite book|translator-first=D.C.|translator-last=Lau|title=Mencius|publisher=Penguin|year=1970}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{rp|18 &amp; 82}}<br /> <br /> Mencius saw the task of moral cultivation as that of developing the initial impulse of compassion into an enduring quality of [[Ren (Confucianism)|benevolence]].{{r|Mencius|pages=22–27}}<br /> <br /> ===Indian religions===<br /> ====Buddhism====<br /> [[File:Liao Dynasty Avalokitesvara Statue Clear.jpeg|thumb|[[Avalokiteśvara]] looking out over the sea of suffering. China, [[Liao dynasty]].]]<br /> <br /> The first of the [[Four Noble Truths]] is the truth of [[suffering]] or {{transliteration|pi|[[dukkha]]}} (unsatisfactoriness or stress). {{transliteration|pi|Dukkha}} is one of the [[Three marks of existence|three distinguishing characteristics]] of all conditioned existence. It arises as a consequence of not understanding the nature of impermanence {{transliteration|pi|[[anicca]]}} (the second characteristic) as well as a lack of understanding that all phenomena are empty of self {{transliteration|pi|[[anatta]]}} (the third characteristic).<br /> <br /> When one has an understanding of suffering and its origins and understands that liberation from suffering is possible, [[renunciation]] arises.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Berzin |first=Alexander |title=Renunciation: The Determination to Be Free |url=https://studybuddhism.com/en/advanced-studies/lam-rim/samsara-nirvana/renunciation-the-determination-to-be-free}}&lt;/ref&gt; Renunciation then lays the foundation for the development of compassion for others who also suffer.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Berzin |first=Alexander |title=Going from Renunciation to Compassion |url=https://studybuddhism.com/en/tibetan-buddhism/path-to-enlightenment/love-compassion/going-from-renunciation-to-compassion}}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> This is developed in stages:<br /> <br /> ; Ordinary compassion: The compassion one has for those close to them such as friends and family and a wish to free them from the 'suffering of suffering'&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=The three types of suffering |url=https://www.lionsroar.com/buddhism-by-the-numbers-the-three-kinds-of-suffering |website=Lion's roar magazine|date=4 June 2017 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> ; Immeasurable compassion: This is the compassion that wishes to benefit all beings without exception. It is associated with both the [[Hinayana]] and [[Mahayana]] paths.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://studybuddhism.com/en/advanced-studies/abhidharma-tenet-systems/comparison-of-buddhist-traditions/the-four-immeasurables-in-hinayana-mahayana-and-bon|title=The Four Immeasurables in Hinayana, Mahayana and Bon|website=Study Buddhism|first=Alexander|last=Berzin}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> {{block indent|left=1.7|1=It{{ambiguous|date=July 2023}} is developed in four stages called [[Brahmavihara|The Four Immeasurables]]:&lt;ref&gt;{{multiref2<br /> |1={{Cite web |title=Four Immeasurables |url=https://www.padmasambhava.org/sermon/four-immesurables/|author=Pema Dragpa|date=16 September 2016}}<br /> |2={{Cite web|url=https://www.lotsawahouse.org/indian-masters/buddhagupta/four-immeasurables-commentary|title=An Extensive Commentary on The Four Immeasurables|website=Lotsawa House|author=Buddhagupta}}<br /> }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> # [[Maitrī|Loving kindness ({{transliteration|pi|Mettā}})]] <br /> # [[Karuṇā|Compassion ({{transliteration|pi|Karuṇā}})]]<br /> # [[mudita|Joy ({{transliteration|pi|Mudita}})]]<br /> # [[Upekṣā|Equanimity ({{transliteration|pi|Upekṣā}})]]<br /> <br /> The American [[Buddhist monk|monk]] [[Bhikkhu Bodhi]] states that compassion &quot;supplies the complement to [[Maitrī|loving-kindness]]: whereas loving-kindness has the characteristic of wishing for the happiness and welfare of others, compassion has the characteristic of wishing that others be free from suffering, a wish to be extended without limits to all living beings. Like {{transliteration|pi|[[Maitrī|metta]]}}, compassion arises by considering that all beings, like ourselves, wish to be free from suffering, yet despite their wishes continue to be harassed by [[Pain and nociception|pain]], [[fear]], [[sorrow (emotion)|sorrow]], and other forms of {{transliteration|pi|dukkha}}.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|author=Bhikkhu Bodhi|title=The Noble Eightfold Path: Way to the End of Suffering|publisher=Buddhist Publication Society|year=1994|page=39}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> <br /> ; Great Compassion: This is practiced exclusively in the Mahayana tradition and is associated with the development of [[Bodhicitta]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.lionsroar.com/developing-the-mind-of-great-capacity/|title=Developing the Mind of Great Capacity – The Dalai Lama – Lion's Roar|first=The |last=Dalai Lama|date=7 July 2017 }}&lt;/ref&gt; The [[Bodhisattva Vow]] begins (in one version): &quot;Suffering beings are numberless, I vow to liberate them all.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last=Rhodes|first=Robert F.|year=1984|url=https://otani.repo.nii.ac.jp/?action=repository_uri&amp;item_id=3628&amp;file_id=22&amp;file_no=1|title=The four extensive vows and four noble truths in T'ien-t'ai Buddhism|journal=Annual Memoirs of the Otani University Shin Buddhist Comprehensive Research Institute|volume=2|pages=53–91}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The [[14th Dalai Lama]] has said, &quot;If you want others to be happy, practice compassion. If you want to be happy, practice compassion.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Twitter – Dalai Lama |url=https://twitter.com/dalailama/status/576314276228390912 |access-date=24 January 2016 |publisher=Twitter}}&lt;/ref&gt; But he also warned that compassion is difficult to develop:<br /> <br /> {{blockquote|This is no easy task... there is no blessing or initiation — which, if only we could receive it — or any mysterious or magical formula or mantra or ritual — if only we could discover it — that can enable us to achieve transformation instantly. It comes little by little, just as a building is constructed brick by brick or, as the Tibetan expression has it, an ocean is formed drop by drop.... Nor should the reader suppose that what we are talking about here is the mere acquisition of knowledge. It is not even a question of developing the conviction that may come from such knowledge. What we are talking about is gaining an experience of virtue through constant practice and familiarization so that it becomes spontaneous. What we find is that the more we develop concern for others' well-being, the easier it becomes to act in others' interests. As we become habituated to the effort required, so the struggle to sustain it lessens. Eventually, it will become second nature. But there are no shortcuts.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|author=Tenzin Gyatzo|title=Ethics for the New Millennium|year=1999|publisher=Riverhead Books|pages=118–119}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> <br /> ====Hinduism====<br /> {{Main|Karuṇā}} <br /> {{See also|Hospitality|Moksha|Samyama}}<br /> <br /> [[File:1 Sannyasi in yoga meditation on the Ganges, Rishikesh.jpg|thumb|left|[[Yoga]] aims at physical, mental, and spiritual purification, with a compassionate mind and spirit being one of its most important goals.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|author-link=Klaus K. Klostermaier|first=Klaus K.|last=Klostermaier|year=1989|title=A Survey of Hinduism|publisher=State University of New York Press|isbn=978-0-88706-807-2|pages=362–367}}&lt;/ref&gt; Various {{transliteration|sa|asanas}} and {{transliteration|sa|mudras}} are combined with meditation and self-reflection exercises to cultivate compassion.&lt;ref&gt;{{multiref2<br /> |1={{Cite web |last=McCall |first=Timothy |year=2010 |title=Yoga to Cultivate Compassion, Gratitude, and Joy – Part I |url=https://www.yogajournal.com/teach/teaching-methods/yoga-to-cultivate-compassion-gratitude-and-joy-part-i/ |website=Yoga Journal}}<br /> |2={{Cite book |last=McCall |first= Timothy B.|title=Yoga as medicine: the yogic prescription for health &amp; healing |date=2012 |publisher=Bantam |isbn=978-0-553-38406-2 |oclc=812689170}}<br /> |3={{Cite journal |last1=Jeste |first1=D.V. |last2=Vahia |first2=I.V. |year=2008 |title=Comparison of the conceptualization of wisdom in ancient Indian literature with modern views: focus on the Bhagavad Gita |journal=Psychiatry |volume=71 |issue=3 |pages=197–202 |doi=10.1521/psyc.2008.71.3.197 |pmc=2603047 |pmid=18834271}}<br /> }}&lt;/ref&gt;]]<br /> <br /> In classical literature of [[Hinduism]], compassion&lt;ref name=&quot;nmgc&quot;&gt;{{cite book|first=Nancy|last=Martin|chapter=Grace and Compassion|title=Brill's Encyclopedia of Hinduism|editor-first=Knut|editor-last=Jacobsen|year=2010|volume=II|publisher=Brill|isbn=978-90-04-17893-9|pages=752–757}}&lt;/ref&gt; is a virtue with many shades, each shade explained by different terms. Three most common terms are {{transliteration|sa|[[Daya (Hinduism)|daya]]}} ({{lang|sa|दया}}),&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=dayA |url=http://spokensanskrit.de/index.php?tinput=dayA&amp;direction=SE&amp;script=HK&amp;link=yes&amp;beginning= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161112023437/http://spokensanskrit.de/index.php?tinput=dayA&amp;direction=SE&amp;script=HK&amp;link=yes&amp;beginning= |archive-date=12 November 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; {{transliteration|sa|[[karuṇā]]}} ({{lang|sa|करुणा}}),&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=karuNA |url=http://spokensanskrit.de/index.php?tinput=karuNA&amp;direction=SE&amp;script=HK&amp;link=yes&amp;beginning= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161112015253/http://spokensanskrit.de/index.php?tinput=karuNA&amp;direction=SE&amp;script=HK&amp;link=yes&amp;beginning= |archive-date=12 November 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; and {{transliteration|sa|[[anukampā]]}} ({{lang|sa|अनुकम्पा}}).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=AnukampA in Sanskrit English Dictionary, Spoken Sanskrit, Germany (2011) |url=http://spokensanskrit.de/index.php?tinput=anukampA&amp;direction=SE&amp;script=HK&amp;link=yes&amp;beginning= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170116090230/http://spokensanskrit.de/index.php?tinput=anukampA&amp;direction=SE&amp;script=HK&amp;link=yes&amp;beginning= |archive-date=16 January 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; Other words related to compassion in Hinduism include {{transliteration|sa|karunya}}, {{transliteration|sa|kripa}}, and {{transliteration|sa|anukrosha}}.&lt;ref name=abde/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.sanskrit-lexicon.uni-koeln.de/scans/AEScan/2020/web/webtc/indexcaller.php|title=Apte English-Sanskrit Dictionary 1884 Basic|website=www.sanskrit-lexicon.uni-koeln.de}}&lt;/ref&gt; Some of these words are used interchangeably among the schools of Hinduism to explain the concept of compassion, its sources, its consequences, and its nature. The virtue of compassion to all living beings, claims [[Mahatma Gandhi|Gandhi]] and others,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book | last=Gandhi | first=M.K. | title=Hindu Dharma | publisher=Orient Paperbacks | date=1995 | isbn=978-81-222-0108-6 }}&lt;/ref&gt;{{page needed|date=July 2023}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last1=Tripathi|first1=A.|last2=Mullet|first2=E.|year=2010|title=Conceptualizations of forgiveness and forgivingness among Hindus|journal=The International Journal for the Psychology of Religion|volume=20|number=4|pages=255–266|doi=10.1080/10508619.2010.507694 |s2cid=144014675 }}&lt;/ref&gt; is a central concept in Hindu philosophy.&lt;ref name=nmgc/&gt;<br /> <br /> {{transliteration|sa|Daya}} is defined by ''[[Padma Purana]]'' as the virtuous desire to mitigate the sorrow and difficulties of others by putting forth whatever effort necessary.&lt;ref name=abde/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book | last=Parmeshwaranand | first=Swami | title=Encyclopaedic Dictionary of the Dharmaśāstra | publisher=Sarup &amp; Sons | date=2003 | isbn=978-81-7625-365-9 |pages=369–370}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''[[Matsya Purana]]'' describes {{transliteration|sa|daya}} as the value that treats all living beings (including human beings) as one's own self, wanting the welfare and good of the other living being.&lt;ref name=abde/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;''Matsya Purana'', 52.8 and 143.31 through 332&lt;/ref&gt; Such compassion, claims ''Matsya Purana'', is one of necessary paths to being happy. Ekadashi Tattvam&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|author=Ekadashi Tattvam|title=[[Raghunandana Bhattacharya]]|publisher=Smriti|location=Calcutta/London|year=1816}}&lt;/ref&gt; explains {{transliteration|sa|daya}} is treating a stranger, a relative, a friend, and a foe as one's own self; and argues that compassion is that state when one sees all living beings as part of one's own self, and when everyone's suffering is seen as one's own suffering. Compassion to all living beings, including to those who are strangers and those who are foes, is seen as a noble virtue.&lt;ref name=&quot;abde&quot;&gt;{{cite book|editor-first1=Anandita|editor-last1=Balslev|editor-first2=Dirk|editor-last2=Evers|title=Compassion in the World's Religions: Envisioning Human Solidarity|isbn=978-3-643-10476-2|publisher=LIT Verlag|year=2009|chapter=Compassion: Etymology, Rituals, Anecdotes from the Hindu Tradition}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> {{transliteration|sa|Karuna}}, another word for compassion in Hindu philosophy, means placing one's mind in other's favor, thereby seeking to understand the best way to help alleviate their suffering through an act of {{transliteration|sa|karuna}} (compassion). {{transliteration|sa|Anukampa}}, yet another word for compassion, refers to one's state after one has observed and understood the pain and suffering in others.&lt;ref&gt;{{multiref2<br /> |1={{cite book | last1=Mohapatra | first1=Amulya | last2=Mohapatra | first2=Bijaya | title=Hinduism: Analytical Study | publisher=Mittal Publications | date=1993 | isbn=978-81-7099-388-9 | page=}}<br /> |2={{cite book | last1=Rye|first1=M.S. |last2=Pargament|first2=K.I. |last3=Ali|first3=M.A. |last4=Beck|first4=G.L. |last5=Dorff|first5=E.N. |last6=Hallisey|first6=C. |last7=Narayanan|first7=V. |last8=Williams|first8=J.G.|chapter=Religious perspectives on forgiveness | editor-last=McCullough | editor-first=Michael E. | editor-last2=Pargament | editor-first2=Kenneth Ira | editor-last3=Thoresen | editor-first3=Carl E. | title=Forgiveness: Theory, research, and practice | publisher=Guilford Press | year=2000 | isbn=978-1-57230-510-6 | pages=17–40}}<br /> }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In [[Mahabharata]], Indra praises [[Yudhishthira]] for his {{transliteration|sa|anukrosha}} – compassion, sympathy – for all creatures.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book | last=Doniger | first=Wendy | title=The Hindus: An Alternative History | publisher=Oxford University Press, USA | year=2010 | isbn=978-0-19-959334-7 | page=270}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Tulsidas]] contrasts {{transliteration|sa|daya}} (compassion) with {{transliteration|sa|abhiman}} (arrogance, contempt of others), claiming compassion is a source of [[Dharma#Definition|dharmic]] life, while arrogance a source of sin. {{transliteration|sa|Daya}} (compassion) is not {{transliteration|sa|kripa}} (pity) in Hinduism, or feeling sorry for the sufferer, because that is marred with condescension; compassion is recognizing one's own and another's suffering in order to actively alleviate that suffering.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Paramtattva Swami |first=Pujya |title=Catholics and Hindus: The Practice of Compassion as a Contribution to Peace |url=http://www.cbcew.org.uk/CBCEW-Home/Departments/Dialogue-and-Unity/Other-Religions/Cardinal-Tauran-s-UK-Visit-2013/Hindu-Temple-Visit/Pujya-Paramtattva-Swami |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160314130215/http://www.cbcew.org.uk/CBCEW-Home/Departments/Dialogue-and-Unity/Other-Religions/Cardinal-Tauran-s-UK-Visit-2013/Hindu-Temple-Visit/Pujya-Paramtattva-Swami |archive-date=14 March 2016 |pages=1–3}}&lt;/ref&gt; Compassion is the basis for {{transliteration|sa|[[ahimsa]]}}, a core virtue in Hindu philosophy and an article of everyday faith and practice.&lt;ref&gt;{{multiref2<br /> |1={{cite book | last=Michael | first=Aloysius | title=Radhakrishnan on Hindu Moral Life and Action | publisher=Concept Publishing Company | date=1979 | isbn=978-0-8364-0334-3 | pages=67–68}}<br /> |2={{cite book | last1=Kemmerer | first1=Lisa | last2=Nocella | first2=Anthony J. | title=Call to Compassion | publisher=Lantern Books | date=2011 | isbn=978-1-59056-182-9 | pages=31–32}}<br /> }}&lt;/ref&gt; {{transliteration|sa|Ahimsa}}, or non-injury, is compassion-in-action that helps actively prevent suffering in all living things as well as helping beings overcome suffering and move closer to liberation.<br /> <br /> Compassion in Hinduism is discussed as an absolute and a relative concept. There are two forms of compassion: one for those who suffer even though they have done nothing wrong and one for those who suffer because they did something wrong. Absolute compassion applies to both, while relative compassion addresses the difference between the former and the latter. An example of the latter include those who plead guilty or are convicted of a crime such as murder; in these cases, the virtue of compassion must be balanced with the virtue of justice.&lt;ref name=abde/&gt;<br /> <br /> The classical literature of Hinduism exists in many Indian languages. For example, ''[[Tirukkuṛaḷ]],'' written between {{BCE|200}} and {{CE|400}}, and sometimes called the ''Tamil [[Veda]]'', is a cherished classic on Hinduism written in a South Indian language. It dedicates Chapter 25 of Book 1 to compassion,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Tirukkuṛaḷ |url=http://ebooks.gutenberg.us/HimalayanAcademy/SacredHinduLiterature/weaver/content.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141216064046/http://ebooks.gutenberg.us/HimalayanAcademy/SacredHinduLiterature/weaver/content.htm |archive-date=16 December 2014 |at=verses 241–250}}&lt;/ref&gt; further dedicating separate chapters each for the resulting values of compassion, chiefly, vegetarianism or [[veganism]] (Chapter 26), [[non-violence|doing no harm]] (Chapter 32), [[non-killing]] (Chapter 33), possession of [[kindness]] (Chapter 8), dreading evil deeds (Chapter 21), [[benignity]] (Chapter 58), the right [[scepter]] (Chapter 55), and absence of [[terrorism]] (Chapter 57), to name a few.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Pope |first=George Uglow |url=https://www.projectmadurai.org/pm_etexts/pdf/pm0153.pdf |title=The Sacred Kurral of Tiruvalluva Nayanar |orig-year=1886|year=2023|publisher=Asian Educational Services |isbn=81-206-0022-3 |edition=First |location=New Delhi}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ====Jainism====<br /> {{Further|Ahimsa in Jainism}}<br /> Compassion for all life is central to the [[Jainism|Jain]] tradition. Though all life is considered sacred, human life is deemed the highest form of earthly existence. To kill any person, no matter their crime, is considered abhorrent. It is the only substantial religious tradition that requires both monks and laity to be vegetarian. It is suggested that certain strains of the [[Hinduism|Hindu tradition]] became vegetarian due to strong Jain influences.&lt;ref&gt;{{multiref2<br /> |1={{cite book|title=South India Handbook: The Travel Guide|first=Robert|last=Bradnock|series=2000 Footprint Travel Guides|page=543}}<br /> |2={{cite book|title=Vegetarianism: A History|first=Colin|last=Spencer|year=2002|publisher=Thunder's Mouth Press|page=342}}<br /> }}&lt;/ref&gt; The Jain tradition's stance on [[ahimsa|nonviolence]], however, goes far beyond vegetarianism. Jains refuse food obtained with unnecessary cruelty. Many practice [[veganism]]. The [[Lal Mandir]], a prominent Jain temple in Delhi, is known for the Jain Birds Hospital in a second building behind the main temple.&lt;ref&gt;{{multiref2<br /> |1={{Cite web |first=Powell |last=Ettinger |title=Jainism and the legendary Delhi bird hospital |url=http://www.wildlifeextra.com/go/world/bird-hospital.html#cr |access-date=28 September 2013 |publisher=Wildlifeextra.com |archive-date=13 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180813210603/http://www.wildlifeextra.com/go/world/bird-hospital.html#cr }}<br /> |2={{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ja7iTij7Bc0C&amp;q=birds+hospital+in+delhi&amp;pg=PT81|title=Top 10 Delhi|first=Dorling|last=Kindersley|publisher=Penguin|year=2012|isbn=978-0-7566-9563-7|access-date=28 September 2013}}<br /> }}&lt;/ref&gt;{{better source needed|date=July 2023}}<br /> <br /> == See also ==<br /> {{Columns-list|colwidth=18em|<br /> * {{annotated link|Agape}}, [[Philia]], [[Philautia]], [[Storge (familial love)|Storge]], [[Eros (concept)|Eros]]: Greek terms for [[Greek words for love|love]]<br /> * {{anl|Accountability}}<br /> * {{anl|Blackstone's ratio}}<br /> * {{annotated link|Brahmavihara}}<br /> * {{annotated link|Charter for Compassion}}<br /> * {{annotated link|Christian humanism}}<br /> * {{annotated link|Compassion fatigue}}<br /> * {{annotated link|Compassion fade}}<br /> * {{annotated link|Compassionate love}}<br /> * {{annotated link|Charity (virtue)}}<br /> * {{annotated link|Caregiving}}<br /> * {{annotated link|Daya Mata}}<br /> * {{annotated link|Empathic concern}}<br /> * {{annotated link|Ethics}}<br /> * {{annotated link|Fake compassion}}<br /> * {{annotated link|Forgiveness}}<br /> * {{annotated link|Golden Rule}}<br /> * {{annotated link|Greatness}}<br /> * {{annotated link|Humanism}}<br /> * {{annotated link|Karuṇā|Karuna}}<br /> * {{annotated link|Kindness}}<br /> * {{annotated link|Moral emotions}}<br /> * {{annotated link|Moral psychology}}<br /> * {{annotated link|Perspective-taking}}<br /> * {{annotated link|Pity}}<br /> * {{annotated link|Radical compassion}}<br /> * {{annotated link|Role-taking theory}}<br /> * {{annotated link|Self-compassion}}<br /> * {{annotated link|Shabad (hymn)}}<br /> * {{annotated link|Social emotions}}<br /> <br /> }}<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{Reflist|30em}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> {{Wiktionary}}Skalski, J. E., &amp; Aanstoos, C. (2023). The Phenomenology of change beyond tolerating. ''Journal of Humanistic Psychology'', ''63''(5), 660–681.{{Commons category|Compassion}}<br /> {{Wikiquote}}<br /> * [https://magazine.uchicago.edu/0604/features/emotion.shtml ''Mirrored emotion''] [[Jean Decety]], [[University of Chicago]]<br /> * [https://www.ted.com/talks/daniel_goleman_why_aren_t_we_more_compassionate Daniel Goleman, psychologist &amp; author of ''Emotional Intelligence'', video lecture on compassion]<br /> <br /> {{Emotion-footer}}<br /> {{Virtues}}<br /> <br /> {{Authority control}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Compassion| ]]<br /> [[Category:Concepts in ethics]]<br /> [[Category:Kindness]]<br /> [[Category:Relational ethics]]<br /> [[Category:Religious ethics]]<br /> [[Category:Suffering]]</div>

Ellen248280 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Allan_Dias_(Indian_footballer)&diff=485650 2026-03-24T03:49:41Z

<p>Ellen248280: created some article w/ infobox...</p> <hr /> <div>{{BLP sources|date=January 2026}}{{short description|Indian footballer (born 1986)|bot=PearBOT 5}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=March 2025}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=September 2016}}<br /> {{Infobox football biography<br /> | name = Allan Dias<br /> | fullname = <br /> | image = Allan Dias.jpg<br /> | birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1986|12|17}}<br /> | birth_place = Mumbai, Maharashtra, India<br /> | height = {{height|m=1.81}}<br /> | position = [[Midfielder]]<br /> | currentclub = MYJ-GMSC<br /> | clubnumber = 10<br /> | years1 = 2006–2014<br /> | clubs1 = [[Air India FC|Air India]]<br /> | goals2 = <br /> | caps2 = <br /> | years2 = 2014–2017<br /> | clubs2 = [[Mumbai F.C.|Mumbai]]<br /> | caps3 = <br /> | goals3 = <br /> | years3 = 2021–2022<br /> | clubs3 = [[Ambernath United Atlanta FC|Ambernath United Atlanta]]<br /> | nationalteam1 = <br /> | nationalyears1 = <br /> | nationalcaps1 = <br /> | nationalgoals1 = <br /> | pcupdate = 25 June 2020<br /> | ntupdate = <br /> | years4 = 2023-<br /> | clubs4 = MYJ-GMSC<br /> }}<br /> '''Allan Dias''' (born 17 December 1986 in Mumbai, [[Maharashtra]]) is an Indian [[association football|footballer]] who currently plays for MYJ-GMSC in the I-league 3 as a midfielder.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Champs ONGC overcome spirited CB|url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/cmcm/champs-ongc-overcome-spirited-cb|access-date=2020-06-24|website=Free Press Journal|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Playing career==<br /> At a very young age, Allan started playing football for Jolly Boys F.C., a local club started by his brother, Lawrence Dias, former [[Air India FC]] and [[Mahindra United|Mahindra United F.C.]] starlet, in [[Sahar, Maharashtra|Sahar]] Village, a small place in Mumbai where he and his elder brother grew up. Determined hard work and rigorous training helped Allan achieve at various levels in private tournaments held all over the city.<br /> <br /> Allan's hard work paid off and [[Air India FC]] was aware of the progress made by the youngster. In 2006, Air India FC signed the youngster to compete at the highest level of Indian football. Since then Allan Dias has shown great progress on the field. The lad put up his name on the scoresheet many times since then.<br /> <br /> A number of clubs have been monitoring his situation at Air India, looking for a transfer, one of them rumored to be [[Mumbai F.C.]] The [[Sahar, Maharashtra|Sahar]] wonderboy took a great leap, from playing for his brothers club to captaining [[Air India FC]]. In 2014 he joined [[Mumbai F.C.]] and left the club after its dismissal in 2017.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Marar|first=Nandakumar|title=Steven Dias to lead Mumbai Football Club in I-League|url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/steven-dias-to-lead-mumbai-football-club-in-i-league/article17068721.ece1|access-date=2020-06-24|website=Sportstar|date=4 January 2017 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In 2021, Allan Dias joined [[Ambernath United Atlanta FC]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Cooperage Gets Ready For Ambernath United Atlanta FC I-League 2 Season Opener|url=https://sportzpoint.com/football/cooperage-gets-ready-for-ambernath-united-atlanta-fc-i-league-2-season-opener/|access-date=2022-03-19|website=Sportz Point|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Allan as also been part of Maharashtra Squad and even led the side in the prestigious Santosh Trophy.<br /> <br /> == Honors and awards ==<br /> RCF: Led the clubs to triumphs in Nadkarni Cup and various All India tournaments.<br /> <br /> Air India: Led the team in I-League, Won Durand Cup, Mumbai Elite Division, Nadkarni Cup and more.<br /> <br /> Mumbai FC: Conquered Mumbai Elite Division and Nadkarni Cup<br /> <br /> Ambernath United – Atlanta FC: Led the team to I-League 2 and Mumbai League glory twice.<br /> <br /> KSA: Led the club to Mumbai League Title<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * {{Soccerway|allan-dias/180560}}<br /> <br /> {{Air India FC squad}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Dias, Allan}}<br /> [[Category:1986 births]]<br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:Indian men's footballers]]<br /> [[Category:I-League players]]<br /> [[Category:21st-century Indian sportsmen]]<br /> [[Category:Footballers from Mumbai]]<br /> [[Category:Air India FC players]]<br /> [[Category:Mumbai FC players]]<br /> [[Category:Men's association football midfielders]]</div>

Ellen248280 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kon_Gopone_Mon_Bheseche&diff=510403 2026-03-23T06:21:30Z

<p>Ellen248280: done</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|2023 Indian television series}}<br /> {{Cleanup|reason=References are badly formatted. No date, author, access date or language. A translation of the article titles would be helpful.|date=June 2024}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=December 2023}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=December 2023}}<br /> {{Infobox television<br /> | image = Kon gopone mon bheseche_2.jpg<br /> | genre = [[Drama]] &lt;br&gt; [[Romance film|Romance]]<br /> | creator = Samrat Ghosh<br /> | based_on = <br /> | developer = <br /> | writer = '''Dialogues'''&lt;br/&gt;Souvik Chakraborty<br /> | screenplay = Malova Majumder <br /> | story = Souvik Chakraborty<br /> | director = Snehasish Jana, Anup Chakraborty.<br /> | creative_director = Srijit Ray<br /> | starring = [[Shweta Bhattacharya]] &lt;br/&gt; Ranojoy Bishnu<br /> | open_theme = ''Kon Gopone Mon Bheseche'' by Prashmita Pal<br /> | end_theme = <br /> | theme_music_composer = Suvam Moitra<br /> | composer = <br /> | country = India<br /> | language = Bengali<br /> | executive_producer = Krishanu Ganguly&lt;br&gt; Urvish Bose &lt;br&gt; Srijita Chakraborty &lt;br&gt; (Zee Bangla)<br /> | producer = [[Zee Bangla]]<br /> | editor = Jishu Nath &lt;br&gt; Biplab Mondal &lt;br&gt; Pappu Baidya<br /> | location = Indrapuri Studio, [[Kolkata]]<br /> | cinematography = Biswajit Mitra<br /> | camera = [[Multi-camera]]<br /> | runtime = 23 Minutes<br /> | company = Zee Bangla Productions<br /> | num_seasons = <br /> | num_episodes = 534<br /> | list_episodes = <br /> | first_aired = {{Start date|2023|12|18|df=y}}<br /> | last_aired = {{End date|2025|09|06|df=y}}<br /> | image_alt = <br /> | network = [[Zee Bangla]]<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''''Kon Gopone Mon Bheseche''''' ({{Translation|Where did the heart float/drift secretly?}}) is a 2023 Indian [[Bengali language|Bengali]] [[Romantic Drama]] television series that premiered from 18 December 2023 on [[Zee Bangla]] and went off air on 6 September 2025. The series was produced by under the banner of Zee Bangla In-house Productions. It starred [[Shweta Bhattacharya]] and Ranojoy Bishnu in lead roles.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/zee-bangla-new-serial-kon-gopone-mon-bhesechhe-31701099330847.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231219173940/https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/zee-bangla-new-serial-kon-gopone-mon-bhesechhe-31701099330847.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=19 December 2023|title=গ্রাম ছেড়ে শহরে এসেই বিপদে পড়লেন শ্বেতা, জির নতুন সিরিয়ালে কোন উপায়ে তাঁকে বাঁচাবেন রণজয়?|website=Bangla Hindustan Times |date=27 November 2023 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/kon-gopone-mon-bheseche-ranojoy-bishnu-and-shweta-bhattacharyas-promo-is-out/e6f7e6f90d910|title=Kon Gopone Mon Bheseche: Ranojoy Bishnu and Shweta Bhattacharya's promo is out|website=OTT Play}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://bengali.abplive.com/entertainment/sweta-bhattacharyya-and-ronojoy-bishnu-are-coming-as-pair-in-new-serial-kon-gopone-mon-bheseche-1031630|title=শ্বেতা-রণজয়ের নতুন জুটিতে চেনা প্রেমের গল্প, আসছে নতুন ধারাবাহিক |website=ABP Ananda|date=15 December 2023 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://bangla.aajtak.in/cinema-and-tv-serial-news/television/video/shweta-bhattacharya-ranojoy-bishnu-pairs-up-for-new-bangla-serial-kon-gopone-mon-bheseche-shooting-video-plot-timing-casts-soc-suc-727701-2023-12-17|title=এবার জুটিতে রণজয়- শ্বেতা, আসছে নতুন মেগা! |website=Aajtak Bangla}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://indiantvinfo.com/kon-gopone-mon-bhesechhe-serial/|title=Mon Bhesechhe Zee Bangla Serial Star Cast – Ranojoy Bishnu And Shweta Bhattacharya In Lead|website=Indian Television|date=16 February 2024 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/ranajoy-bishnu-sweta-bhattacharya-starrer-new-serial-kon-gopone-mon-bhesechhe-shooting-see-some-pic-31702724893340.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231218235459/https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/ranajoy-bishnu-sweta-bhattacharya-starrer-new-serial-kon-gopone-mon-bhesechhe-shooting-see-some-pic-31702724893340.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=18 December 2023|title=রণজয়-শ্বেতা জুটিকে নিয়ে নিয়ে আসছে 'কোন গোপনে মন ভেসেছে', দেখুন সিরিয়ালের শ্যুটিংয়ের মুহূর্ত|website=Bangla Hindustan Times|date=16 December 2023 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/videos/exclusive-shooting-coverage-of-ranojoy-bishnu-and-shweta-bhattacharya-starrer-kon-gopone-mon-bheseche-31702736363269.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231219173940/https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/videos/exclusive-shooting-coverage-of-ranojoy-bishnu-and-shweta-bhattacharya-starrer-kon-gopone-mon-bheseche-31702736363269.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=19 December 2023|title=টেলিভিশনের পর্দায় শ্বেতা-রণজয়ের রোম্যান্স, কীভাবে চলছে 'কোন গোপনে মন ভেসেছে'র শ্যুটিং?|website=Bangla Hindustan Times|date=16 December 2023 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Cast==<br /> ===Main===<br /> * [[Shweta Bhattacharya]] as Shyamoli Mallick (née Malakar) alias Teesta Mitra (assumed identity) aka Bornomala 'Mala' Ghoshal (assumed identity): Aniket's wife and love interest; Suryakanta's daughter-in-law and proclaimed daughter; Subal and Khokon's elder sister; Kinjal &amp; Mandar's ex-love interest.<br /> * Ranojoy Bishnu as Aniket Mallick aka Ani: Shyamali's husband and love interest; Suryakanta and Anuradha's son; Aparajita's stepson; Phanibhushan's eldest grand-son; Kinjal &amp; Rohini's paternal half-brother.<br /> <br /> ===Recurring===<br /> * Debojyoti Roy Chowdhury as <br /> ** Mandar Chowdhury: Rohini's husband; Shyamali's former obsessive one-sided lover, later became Shyamali's best friend and brother-in-law.<br /> ** Raghu(dead): Mandar's lookalike, a goon and hitman who used to work for Anna Bhai in Sultanpur, later kept as captive in Anna Bhai's ashram.<br /> * Mishmee Das / Soumi Chakraborty as Rohini Mullick aka Roh: Suryakanta and Aparajita's daughter; Kinjal's sister; Aniket's half-sister; Shyamali's sister-in-law; Mandar's wife.<br /> * Sourya Bhattacharya as Apratim Bhowmik aka Pratim: Madhusudhan and Alpona’s youngest grandson; Arunendu &amp; Apala's youngest son; Arunava's brother; Aniket, Rohini &amp; Kinjal's cousin brother (not by blood relation); Priyanjali's husband.<br /> * Ashmita Chakraborty as Priyanjali Bhowmik (née Mullick) aka Priya: Chandrakanta &amp; Maitreyee's daughter; Phanibhushan’s granddaughter; Aniket, Rohini &amp; Kinjal's cousin sister; Apratim's wife.<br /> * Uday Pratap Singh / Swarup Dey as Kinjal Mallick: Suryakanta and Aparajita's son, Rohini's brother; Aniket's half-brother, Shyamali’s brother-in-law and obsessive one-sided lover.<br /> * [[Ayendri Lavnia Roy]] as Upasana Sanyal(Antagonist): Daughter of businessman Unmesh Sanyal and Kinjal’s obsessive one-sided lover. <br /> * Jayanta Banerjee as Phanibhusan Mullick aka Phani: Patriarch of Jora Bari,co-owner of The Great Bengal Caterer, Madhusudan's friend turned declared brother, Suryakanta and Chandrakanta's father; Aniket, Kinjal, Rohini, Priya's paternal grandfather - “Boro Dadu”; Shyamali’s grandfather-in-law.<br /> * Saumya Sengupta as Madhusudan Sengupta aka Madhu: Co-owner of Great Bengal caterer, Phanibhusan's friend turned brother, Alpona's husband, Apala's father; Arunava and Apratim's maternal grandfather - “Choto Dadu”.<br /> * Sukriti Lahori as Alpona Sengupta: Madhusudan's wife, Apala mother; Aniket's younger grandmother - “Thammi”<br /> * [[Aditi Chatterjee]] as Aparajita Mullick (née Nandi): Suryakanta's second wife, Rohini and Kinjal's mother; Aniket's stepmother (“Mamoni”); Shyamali’s step mother-in-law; Baibhav’s sister.<br /> * Animesh Bhaduri in a dual role <br /> ** Suryakanta Mullick: Aparajita's husband; Anuradha's ex-husband; Aniket, Rohini and Kinjal's father, Phanibhusan's eldest son; Shyamali’s father-in-law and proclaimed father.<br /> ** Late Chandrakanta Mullick: Maitreyee's husband, Priya's father, Phanibhusan's youngest son.<br /> * Tanushree Goswami as Maitreyee Mullick: Priya's mother; Chandrakanta's widow; Aniket, Rohini and Kinjal's aunt (“Kakimoni”); Pratim's mother-in-law, Shyamali’s aunt-in-law.<br /> * Suchandrima as Apala Sengupta Bhowmick(antagonist): Madhusudan and Alpona's daughter; Arunendu's estranged wife, Arunava and Apratim's mother, Trisha and Priya's mother-in-law <br /> * Sanjay Basu as Arunendu Bhowmick: Apala's estranged husband, Arunava and Pratim's father, Trisha and Priya's father-in-law.<br /> * Neil Chatterjee as Arunava Bhowmick aka Aru (Main antagonist): Arunendu and Apala's eldest son; Pratim's brother; Madhusudan and Alpona’s eldest grandson; Trisha’s husband.<br /> * Sreetama Roy Chowdhury as Trisha Bhowmick (Main antagonist): Arunava's wife, Apala and Arunendu's daughter-in-law.<br /> * Avrajit Chakraborty as Baibhav Nandi: Aparajita’s brother; Aniket, Kinjal and Rohini’s maternal uncle.<br /> * Paromita Ghosh as Sonali: House-help of Jorabari.<br /> * Roshni Tanwi Bhattacharyya / Manosi Sengupta as Ahona Basu (antagonist): Aniket’s ex-love interest, Kinjal's friend and Sumedh Chauhan’s love interest.<br /> * Siddhartha Banerjee as Sumedh Chauhan: Aniket's office colleague &amp; Ahona's love interest.<br /> * Dipanjan Bhattacharya as Chandrashish Roy (antagonist): Indrashish &amp; Brinda's brother, Businessman dealing in drugs.<br /> * Satabdi Nag as Brinda Roy (antagonist): Chandrashish &amp; Indrashish's sister, whose crush was Aniket<br /> * Unknown as Indrashish Roy: Chandrashish &amp; Brinda's brother; Ananya's love interest and fiance.<br /> * Anuradha Mukherjee as Ananya Mitra: Amitava Mitra’s daughter, heir of Tech G Global company; Indrashish’s love interest and fiancee.<br /> * Priyanjali Das as Binti.<br /> * Arpita Chowdhury as Sulata Di.<br /> * Senjuti Sengupta as Anuradha Gupta: Suryakanta's ex-wife, Aniket's Mother, Shyamali’s mother-in-law.<br /> * [[Saugata Bandyopadhyay]] as Tirthankar: Aniket's colleague and rival in Tech G Global.<br /> * Madhurima Mukherjee as Manjusha: Ahona's friend.<br /> * Pratiti Mitra as Payel: Ahona's friend.<br /> * Konkona Haldar as Shruti: Ahona's friend.<br /> * Sourav Das as Subal Malakar: Shyamoli's younger brother.<br /> * Mouli Dutta as Chaya Malakar: Subal's wife. <br /> * Sujoy Saha as Khokon Malakar: Shyamoli's youngest brother.<br /> * Aditi Ghosh / Banani Dey as Sheuli Malakar: Khokon's wife.<br /> * [[Debesh Chattopadhyay]] as Master Moshai: Shyamoli's teacher, mentor, father-figure and well-wisher.<br /> * Oliva Bhattacharya as Binad's wife.<br /> * Kaustuv Sengupta as Hiranmoy Das: A police officer and close friend of Suryakanta.<br /> * [[Biswajit Chakraborty]] as Shivshankar Roy: Madhusudan's cousin.<br /> * Sandip Chakraborty as Brojo Gopal<br /> * Sankar Sanku Chakrabarty as Sushmit Roy: Family lawyer of Jorabari.<br /> * Gautam Mukherjee as Debabrata: Pratik's father.<br /> * Niladri Lahiri as Amitava Mitra: Ananya's father, Owner of Tech G global Company.<br /> * Shamik Sinha as Ardhendu Sen; Jacky's father.<br /> * Arijeet Ganguly as Jyotirmoy Sen aka Jacky.<br /> * Priyanka Bysack as Simran: Intern at Tech G Global.<br /> * Sreetama Mukherjee as Tiyasha: Intern at Tech G Global.<br /> * Srotoswini as Pushpita.<br /> * Sutirtha Saha as Pratik: Rohini's obsessive lover and ex-fiancée.<br /> * Abhishek Bhowmik as Abhijeet aka Sounak: Rohini's namesake lover and ex-husband.<br /> * Arup Roy as Pintu, peon of Tech G Global.<br /> * Aritram Mukherjee as Milind; Ananya's ex-fiańcee.<br /> * Arindam Banerjee as Dr. Kushal Ganguly - Shyamoli and Aniket's doctor.<br /> * Anindyo Sarkar as Unmesh Sanyal: A businessman &amp; Upasana's father.<br /> * Chhanda Chatterjee as Bornomala’s maternal grandmother - “Dimma”.<br /> * Raja Chatterjee as Don, Chandrashish Roy’s old rival.<br /> * Arghya Mukherjee as Minister Debranjan Banerjee.<br /> * Debdyuti Ghosh as Minister’s wife.<br /> * Poonam Basak as Rini Banerjee, Minister’s daughter.<br /> * Chhandak Choudhury as Priyanjali’s boss and owner of ‘Taal Tribez’.<br /> * Mishor Bose<br /> * Raja Chatterjee Debashish as Judge.<br /> * Jasmine Roy as Jasmine - anchor in a culinary reality Television show “Hensheler Heroine” where Shyamali and Trisha participate.<br /> * Rupsha Chatterjee<br /> * Ayan Sengupta - as Anil, director of the show “Hensheler Heroine”.<br /> * Kaushik Bhattacharya - as Kaushik Kundu, Channel Head where “Hensheler Heroine” aired.<br /> * Sonalisa Das as Vaidehi Upadhyay, investigating officer.<br /> * Debraj Mukherjee as Anna Bhai, a dreaded gangster involved in arms dealing, drugs smuggling and human trafficking, in Sultanpur.<br /> * Tannistha Biswas as Rishav’s mother, Aparajita’s friend.<br /> * Sandeep De<br /> * Unknown as RJ Srijan<br /> * Amritendu Kar<br /> <br /> ===Guest Appearance on &quot;Mahasangam&quot; special cross over 5 episodes with &quot;Mittir Bari&quot;===<br /> * Parijat Chaudhari as Jonaki Mitra (née Biswas) <br /> * [[Adrit Roy]] as Dhrubo Mitra<br /> * [[Dulal Lahiri]] as Sudhacharan Mitra<br /> * [[Anuradha Roy (actress)|Anuradha Roy]] as Chandrabati Mitra<br /> * [[Sonali Chowdhury]] as Tapati Mitra<br /> * [[Soma Banerjee]] as Meenakshi Roy Chowdhury aka Minu<br /> * Sumit Somaddar as Ananda Roy Chowdhury<br /> * Debomoy Mukherjee as Binoy Mitra<br /> * Monika Dey as Swati Mitra<br /> * Sohail Dutta as Rick Mitra<br /> * Sayosree Dey as Ritu Mitra<br /> * Ananya Guha as Sanjana Roy<br /> * [[Kaushik Chakraborty]] as Advocate Raghu Roy<br /> <br /> ===Guest Appearance===<br /> * Biswajit Ghosh as Actor Nayan Kumar (Cameo)<br /> * [[Nabanita Malakar]] as Nayan Kumar's wife (Cameo)<br /> <br /> ==Reception==<br /> ===2023===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;<br /> ! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Week<br /> ! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Broadcast Audience Research Council|BARC]] Viewership<br /> ! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Ref.<br /> |-<br /> ! [[Target rating point|TRP]]<br /> ! Rank<br /> |-<br /> |Week 51<br /> |7.8<br /> |5<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=TRP - Bangla Serial: বর্ষশেষে জয়জয়কার নতুনদের! এবার বেঙ্গল টপার কোন মেগা? |url=https://bangla.aajtak.in/cinema-and-tv-serial-news/television/story/trp-list-2023-week-51st-barc-bangla-serial-yearend-2023-weekly-rating-chart-neem-phuler-modhu-jagaddhatri-phulki-in-top-three-trp-top-10-bangla-serial-list-soc-735923-2023-12-29|access-date=29 December 2023|website=Aaj Tak Bangla |language=bn}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * {{IMDb title|30423084}}<br /> <br /> {{Zee Bangla}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Bengali-language television programming in India]]<br /> [[Category:Zee Bangla original programming]]<br /> [[Category:2023 Indian television series debuts]]<br /> [[Category:Television shows set in Kolkata]]<br /> [[Category:2025 Indian television series endings]]</div>

Ellen248280 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lakshmi_Vilas_Palace,_Vadodara&diff=471469 2026-03-21T15:43:28Z

<p>Ellen248280: refine section further and cleaned formatting</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Palace in Gujarat, India}}<br /> {{Distinguish|Lakshmi Nivas Palace|Lakshmivilas Palace}}<br /> {{Multiple issues|{{Copy edit|date=September 2025}} <br /> {{More citations needed|date=September 2025}} <br /> {{Essay-like|date=September 2025}}}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}<br /> {{Infobox building<br /> | name = Lakshmi Vilas Palace<br /> | image = File:LakshmiVilas Palace.jpg<br /> | image_size = 250px<br /> | caption = Lakshmi Vilas Palace, Vadodara<br /> | latitude = <br /> | longitude = <br /> | location_town = [[Vadodara]]<br /> | location_country = [[India]]<br /> | architect = [[Robert Chisholm (architect)|Robert Chisholm]]<br /> | engineer = <br /> | construction_start_date = <br /> | completion_date = 1890<br /> | demolished_date = <br /> | cost = 76.5Cr<br /> | structural_system = <br /> | architectural_style = [[Indo-Saracenic Revival architecture]]<br /> | size = <br /> | website = {{URL|https://www.gaekwarenterprise.com}}<br /> }}<br /> <br /> The '''Lakshmi Vilas Palace''' ([[Gujarati language|Gujarati]]: લક્ષ્મી વિલાસ મહેલ) in [[Vadodara]], [[Gujarat|Gujarat, India]], was designed and constructed in 1890 by the British architect Charles Mant for the [[Gaekwad dynasty|Gaekwad]] family, a prominent [[Maratha Empire|Maratha]] family, who ruled the [[Baroda State]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url= https://udaipurkiran.com/laxmi-vilas-palace-vadodara/|title = Laxmi Vilas Palace|publisher=Udaipur Kiran|date= 23 December 2021|access-date= 26 April 2022|location= [[Vadodara]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Lakshmi Vilas Palace was styled on the [[Indo-Saracenic Revival architecture]], built by [[Maharaja Sayajirao Gaekwad III]] in 1890 at a cost of £6,383,155 (₹765,000,000) reflects Sayajirao's vision of blending Indian tradition with European modernity.{{citation needed|date=April 2024}}<br /> <br /> ==Overview==<br /> &lt;gallery widths=&quot;200&quot; heights=&quot;200&quot;&gt;<br /> File:Laxmi Vilas Palace, Baroda (c. 1890).jpg|Lakshmi Vilas Palace in 1890<br /> File:Library at Lakshmi Vilas Palace in Baroda in the 1890s.jpg|Library at Lakshmi Vilas Palace, 1890 photograph<br /> File:Laxmi Vilas Palace Darbar Hall.jpg|Darbar Hall featuring the &quot;Rajas Throne&quot;.<br /> File:Laxmi vilas palace.jpg|Darbar hall featuring ornate artwork.<br /> &lt;/gallery&gt;<br /> At the time of construction, it boasted the most modern amenities such as elevators and the interior is reminiscent of a large European country house.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.historyofvadodara.in/lukshmi-villas-palace/|title=Lukshmi Villas Palace|last=HoVB|date=2009-09-09|website=History of Vadodara - Baroda|language=en-US|access-date=2019-04-11}}&lt;/ref&gt; It remains the residence of the royal family, who continue to be held in high esteem by the residents of [[Vadodara|Baroda]]. The Palace compound is of over 500 [[acres]] and houses a number of buildings, particularly the LVP Banquets &amp; Conventions, and the [[Maharaja Fateh Singh Museum]] building.<br /> <br /> In the 1930s [[Pratap Singh Rao Gaekwad|Maharaja Pratapsinh]] created a [[golf course]] for use by his European guests. In the 1990s, Pratapsinh's grandson [[Samarjitsinh Gaekwad|Samarjitsinh]], a former [[Ranji Trophy|Ranji trophy]] cricket player, renovated the course and opened it to the public.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.gujarattourism.com/hotel/details/1014|title=Lukshmi Vilas Palace - Baroda|website=Gujarat Tourism|access-date=22 May 2017|archive-date=30 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170730111245/http://www.gujarattourism.com/hotel/details/1014|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> [[File:Laxmi vilas Palace Vadodara Baroda.jpg|thumb|800px|center|{{center|Lakshmi Vilas Palace}}]]<br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> ===The Gaekwad Dynasty &amp; Baroda State===<br /> <br /> The Gaekwads were originally Maratha chiefs under the Peshwas of Pune. In 1721, Pilaji Rao Gaekwad conquered Baroda (Vadodara) and made it their seat of power.<br /> Over time, they became semi-independent rulers under the British, governing the princely state of Baroda (one of the wealthiest and most progressive states in India).<br /> <br /> ===Maharaja Sayajirao Gaekwad III (1863–1939)===<br /> {{main|Sayajirao Gaekwad III}}<br /> <br /> Gaekwad was the most prominent ruler of the dynasty and was responsible for the Lakshmi Vilas Palace. He was adopted into the Gaekwad family after the previous ruler (Maharaja Malharrao) was deposed by the British for misrule. He ascended to the throne in 1875, when he was just 12 years old.{{Citation needed|date=September 2025}}<br /> <br /> ===Construction of Lakshmi Vilas Palace (1878–1890)===<br /> <br /> Designed by Major Charles Mant, a British architect. Completed in 1890 at a cost of around ₹6 million (massive for that time). Built in the Indo-Saracenic Revival style, which mixes [[Hindu architecture|Hindu]], [[Islamic architecture|Islamic]], and [[Gothic architecture|Gothic European]] architecture. Covers 500 acres of land—including the palace, gardens, museum, golf course, and former private zoo.<br /> <br /> ==Stories &amp; Legends==<br /> ===The Modern Maharaja===<br /> Sayajirao III was known for his progressive reforms—universal primary education, abolition of child marriage, and building infrastructure. The palace reflected his desire to show Baroda as a modern princely state, not less than any European kingdom. Durbar's Hall was designed for royal gatherings and state ceremonies. The hall has an ornate Belgian stained-glass dome, intricate mosaics, and Venetian chandeliers.{{Citation needed|date=September 2025}}<br /> <br /> British officials who visited were often awestruck by its scale—this was part of Sayajirao's subtle political messaging that Indian rulers could match European royalty.<br /> <br /> ===Raja Ravi Varma Connection===<br /> The Maharaja was a patron of the legendary painter Raja Ravi Varma.<br /> <br /> Many original paintings by him (depicting Indian gods, epics, and portraits of the royal family) were commissioned for the palace and are still displayed in the museum.<br /> <br /> ===The Hidden Tunnels Rumor===<br /> <br /> Local lore suggests that there are secret underground tunnels from the palace leading to nearby safe spots, meant for emergencies. While never officially confirmed, this adds mystery to the palace's grandeur.<br /> <br /> ===The Private zoo &amp; grounds===<br /> <br /> The palace grounds once had a private zoo and are still home to peacocks and migratory birds. The 18-hole golf course, created for the royals, is still in use today.<br /> <br /> ==Art &amp; Cultural Significance==<br /> <br /> Raja Ravi Varma, the celebrated painter, was invited to the palace and worked closely with Sayajirao III.<br /> <br /> His paintings of [[Hindu deities|Hindu gods and goddesses]] made divine imagery accessible to common people, influencing Indian art for generations.<br /> <br /> The palace also houses European paintings, sculptures, and artifacts collected by the Maharaja.<br /> <br /> ==Historical Anecdotes==<br /> ===Tensions with the British===<br /> <br /> Although Baroda was a princely state under British suzerainty, Sayajirao often clashed with colonial authorities.<br /> <br /> The Delhi Durbar of 1911 incident (where he gave a half-bow to King George V) is remembered as a subtle act of resistance.<br /> <br /> ===Reformist Ruler===<br /> <br /> He opened education for women, established libraries, and supported social reforms like widow remarriage.<br /> <br /> This made Baroda one of the most progressive states in pre-independence India.<br /> <br /> ===Legacy After Independence===<br /> <br /> In 1947, Baroda acceded to independent India. The Gaekwads retained their status as a royal family, though their political power ended.<br /> <br /> Even today, descendants of the Gaekwad family live in Lakshmi Vilas Palace, making it unique among Indian palaces.<br /> <br /> ==In popular culture==<br /> ===Movies===<br /> *''[[Prem Rog]]'' in 1982<br /> *''[[Dil Hi To Hai (1993 film)|Dil Hi Toh Hai]]'' in 1993<br /> *''[[Grand Masti]]'' in 2013<br /> *''[[Sardaar Gabbar Singh]]'' in 2016<br /> *''[[Satyaprem Ki Katha]]'' in 2023<br /> *''[[Indian 2]]'' in 2024<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> [[File:SAYAJI_BAUG_FLORA-_FAUNA_VADODARA_05.jpg|thumb|Sayaji baug|right]]<br /> *[[Sayaji Baug]], also known as ''Kamati Baug''. It was dedicated to the citizens of Vadodara by [[Maharaja Sayajirao Gaekwad]] in 1879, on the [[River Vishwamitri]].<br /> *[[Shree Chhatrapati Shahu Museum, Kolhapur|New Palace, Kolhapur]] of the Bhonsle [[Chhatrapati]]s<br /> *[[Jai Vilas Mahal]], [[Gwalior]] of the [[Scindias]]<br /> *[[Rajwada]], [[Indore]] of the [[House of Holkar|Holkar]]s<br /> *[[Shaniwar Wada]], [[Pune]] of the [[Peshwa]]s<br /> *[[Thanjavur Maratha palace]] of the [[Bhonsle]]s<br /> *[[Narmada Kothi (Maharajah of Indore Retreat Palace), Barwaha]]<br /> &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Lukshmi Villas Palace |url=https://lvpbooking.gaekwarenterprise.com/ |access-date=2025-08-29 |website=lvpbooking.gaekwarenterprise.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Sarup |first=Pratyush |date=2025-08-16 |title=India's Lukshmi Vilas Palace: Hidden secrets of the world's largest private residence |url=https://www.architecturaldigest.in/story/lukshmi-vilas-palace-hidden-secrets-of-the-worlds-largest-private-residence-in-india-vadodara-gujarat/ |access-date=2025-08-29 |website=Architectural Digest India |language=en-IN}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> *[https://web.archive.org/web/20131105235619/http://www.hindustantimes.com/Entertainment/Bollywood/Grand-Masti-makers-shoot-at-historical-Laxmi-Vilas-Palace/Article1-965977.aspx Grand Masti makers shoot at historical Laxmi Vilas Palace]; ''Hindustan Times''<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> {{Commons category-inline|Laxmi Vilas Palace}}<br /> <br /> {{Vadodara topics}}<br /> {{Authority control}}<br /> {{Coord|22.2939|73.1914|type:landmark_region:IN_source:enwiki|display=title}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Buildings and structures of the Maratha Empire]]<br /> [[Category:Royal residences in India]]<br /> [[Category:Tourist attractions in Vadodara]]<br /> [[Category:Palaces in Gujarat]]<br /> [[Category:Baroda State]]<br /> [[Category:Buildings and structures in Vadodara]]<br /> [[Category:Houses completed in 1890]]<br /> [[Category:Defunct cricket grounds in India]]</div>

Ellen248280 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=T._R._Shamsudheen&diff=539133 2026-03-14T06:12:08Z

<p>Ellen248280: Adding New Stub.</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian educationist and film producer}}<br /> {{Resume-like|date=July 2025}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=July 2019}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}<br /> {{Infobox person<br /> | name = T. R. Shamsudheen<br /> | image = Shamsudheen.png<br /> | education = [[Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya]]&lt;br&gt;[[Anna University]]<br /> | caption = T. R. Shamsudheen with Former President of India [[A. P. J. Abdul Kalam]]<br /> | birth_name = Thoppilthodi Raheem Shamsudheen<br /> | birth_date = 12 May{{citation needed|date=July 2025}}<br /> | birth_place = [[Thrissur]], [[Kerala]], [[India]]<br /> | death_date = &lt;!-- {{Death date and age|df=yes|YYYY|MM|DD|YYYY|MM|DD}} (death date then birth date) --&gt;<br /> | death_place = <br /> | spouse = Alka Shamsudheen<br /> | parents = <br /> | other_names = <br /> | occupation = [[Entrepreneur]], film producer<br /> | years_active = <br /> | known_for = <br /> | organization = <br /> | website = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Thoppilthodi Raheem Shamsudheen''' is an Indian educationist, [[film producer]] and technocrat. He is the producer of [[Malayalam]] movies ''[[1983 (film)|1983]]'' and ''[[Queen (2018 film)|Queen]]''.&lt;ref name=&quot;two&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2013-10-29 |title=Fwd life october 2013 by FWD Media - Issuu |url=https://issuu.com/fwdlife/docs/fwd_life_october_2013 |access-date=2023-07-21 |website=issuu.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Besides his contributions to film, Shamsudheen is the chairman of the [[Cochin College of Engineering and Technology]] and Cochin Institute of Science &amp; Technology.&lt;ref name=&quot;three&quot;&gt;Staff. [https://cochinisat.ac.in/about-us About CISAT]. (2018). (Accessed: 10 June 2018)&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;four&quot;&gt;Staff. [http://www.cochincet.ac.in/about-us About CCET.] (2018).&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;five&quot;&gt;Anand, S. [http://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/society/tr-shamsudheen-producer-of 1983/article7841847.ece A focus on education.] The Hindu (2015).&lt;/ref&gt; He is also an [[angel investor]] and [[Civic technologist|technologist]] and is involved with multiple technology [[start-ups]] and media-related technology solutions.&lt;ref name=&quot;five&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Early life==<br /> <br /> Born to K Raheem and Khadeeja Beevi, Shamsudheen completed his schooling in [[Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya]], [[Thrissur]] and earned a [[Bachelor of Technology]] from [[Anna University]], [[Chennai]] through St Michael College of Engineering &amp; Technology, Sivaganga, [[Tamil Nadu]].&lt;ref name=&quot;five&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;six&quot;&gt;Peruna, R. Quick decisions in business. Business Deepika 47–49 (2015).&lt;/ref&gt; During his undergraduate years, Shamsudheen was active in his entrepreneurial efforts and garnered a reputation for helping his undergraduate institution improve its admission rates.&lt;ref name=&quot;five&quot;/&gt; Based on his experience with undergraduate engineering education in the state, at the age of 24, Shamsudheen set up the [[Malabar College of Engineering and Technology]] (MCET) at Pallur, [[Thrissur]], [[Kerala]] in 2009, in partnership with a businessman from Malappuram, [[Kerala]].&lt;ref name=&quot;eight&quot;&gt;Staff. Abdul Kalam inaugurates Malabar College of Engineering and Technology. myEngg.com (2009). Available at: http://www.myengg.com/engg/info/451/abdul-kalam-inaugurates-malabar-college-of-engineering-and-technology/&lt;/ref&gt; The institution was inaugurated by the former President of India, [[Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam]].&lt;ref name=&quot;eight&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;nine&quot;&gt;PTI. Nano Technology has tremendous application potential: Kalam. DNA India (2009). http://www.dnaindia.com/technology/report-nano-technology-has-tremendous-application-potential-kalam-1299417&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Entrepreneurship==<br /> <br /> In 2012, he moved out of the [[Trust law|trust]] managing [[Malabar College of Engineering and Technology|MCET]] and sold his shares in the college to go solo with his entrepreneurial ventures.&lt;ref name=&quot;six&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ten&quot;&gt;Staff. Young entrepreneurs from Thrissur. Dhanam: Kerala’s Business Magazine 16–17 (2015).&lt;/ref&gt; He established the Cochin College of Engineering &amp; Technology (CCET) at Valancherry, [[Malappuram]], [[Kerala]] and Cochin Institute of Science &amp; Technology (CISAT) at Mannathur, [[Muvattupuzha]], [[Kerala]] in the same year. He serves as the [[chairman]] of both institutions and the colleges are affiliated to [[APJ Abdul Kalam Technological University]] and sanctioned by the [[All India Council for Technical Education]] (AICTE).&lt;ref name=&quot;three&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;four&quot;/&gt; The Innovations and Entrepreneurship Cell of CISAT was inaugurated by former President of India [[Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam]] in 2015.&lt;ref name=&quot;eleven&quot;&gt;Staff. Inauguration of Innovation and Entrepreneurship Development Cell. Events - CISAT (2015). Available at: https://cochinisat.ac.in/event&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Movie production==<br /> <br /> In 2013, Shamsudheen started the [[film production]] company Shams Films which produced the [[Malayalam]] movie [[1983 (film)|1983]].&lt;ref name=&quot;two&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;twelve&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |date=2014-01-30 |title=Colours of life |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/colours-of-life/article5634433.ece |access-date=2023-07-21 |issn=0971-751X}}&lt;/ref&gt; While Shamsudheen himself was a debutant in [[film production]], the director of the movie [[Abrid Shine]] and actor [[Nikki Galrani]] also made their debut in this movie which involved a family drama taking place around the game of cricket.&lt;ref name=&quot;twelve&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;thirteen&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2015-01-02 |title=1983 Movie Review - A Real Entertainer! |url=https://www.filmibeat.com/malayalam/reviews/2014/1983-movie-review-131045.html |access-date=2023-07-21 |website= |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; The movie [[1983 (film)|1983]] went on to win many awards for Best Background score (National Award), Best Actor, Best Debut Director &amp; Best Supporting Actor (Kerala State Awards), Best Female Debut &amp; Best Lyricist (Filmfare Awards).&lt;ref name=&quot;fourteen&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2015-08-13 |title=State Awards: Nazriya, Nivin, Sudev bag top honours |url=http://english.manoramaonline.com/news/just-in/state-film-awards-mammootty-nivin-pauly-dulquer-manju-.html |access-date=2023-07-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150813003515/http://english.manoramaonline.com/news/just-in/state-film-awards-mammootty-nivin-pauly-dulquer-manju-.html |archive-date=13 August 2015 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In 2017, Shamsudheen co-produced the Malayalam movie [[Queen (2018 film)|Queen]] which was released in February 2018, by a debutant Director Dijo Jose Antony.&lt;ref name=&quot;fifteen&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |date=2017-01-31 |title=Queen, a film on a girl in Mechanical Engineering batch |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/queen-a-film-on-a-girl-in-mechanical-engineering-batch/articleshow/56894685.cms |access-date=2023-07-21 |issn=0971-8257}}&lt;/ref&gt; The movie went on to become a box office success.&lt;ref name=&quot;sixteen&quot;&gt;Krishnan, A. [https://english.manoramaonline.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/2018/01/12/queen-quick-review-absorbingly-beautiful.html Queen: placing friendship as a panacea]. Malayala Manorama (2018).&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In 2021, Shamsudheen produced the movie, ''[[Kaanekkaane]]'', starring [[Tovino Thomas]], [[Aishwarya Lekshmi]], [[Suraj Venjaramoodu]], [[Shruti Ramachandran]], [[Prem Prakash]] in important roles. The movie is planned to release through the [[SonyLIV]] OTT Platform on 17 September 2021.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.onmanorama.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/2021/09/11/kaanekkaane-digital-release-sonyliv-teaser-launched.html | title=Kaanekkaane' gears up for OTT release, intriguing teaser launched| work= Manorama News Online | date=11 September 2021 | accessdate=12 September 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Awards and recognitions==<br /> <br /> He is the recipient of the 2015 Emerging Entrepreneur Award from the [[Junior Chamber International]], Kochi chapter, the 2017 Edupreneur Award by Microtec Educational Consultants and the 2015 Young Entrepreneur Award by [[DC Books]].&lt;ref name=&quot;five&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Professional memberships==<br /> <br /> Shamsudheen holds professional memberships in the Kerala Chamber of Commerce &amp; Industry, [[The Indus Entrepreneurs]], [[Kerala]] Chapter and the Kerala Film Chamber of Commerce.&lt;ref name=&quot;six&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> &lt;references /&gt;<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Shamsudheen, TR}}<br /> [[Category:1984 births]]<br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:20th-century Indian educational theorists]]<br /> [[Category:Film producers from Thrissur]]<br /> [[Category:Malayalam film producers]]</div>

Ellen248280 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sanat_Kar&diff=532443 2026-03-14T05:15:51Z

<p>Ellen248280: Adding A Details.</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian Bengali painter and printmaker (1935–2023)}}<br /> {{Orphan|date=April 2024}}<br /> {{Infobox artist<br /> | birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1935|07|29}}<br /> | death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|2023|01|09|1935|07|29}}<br /> | birth_place = [[Nagerbazar]], [[Dumdum]], [[Calcutta]], [[British India]] (present day [[West Bengal]], [[India]])<br /> | alma_mater = [[Government College of Art and Craft]], [[Calcutta]]<br /> | death_place = [[Shantiniketan]], [[West Bengal]], [[India]]<br /> | notable_works = <br /> | movement = <br /> | known_for = Painting and printmaking<br /> | children = Sayan Kar (son)<br /> | image = Sanat Kar - Kolkata 2012-10-03 0478.JPG<br /> | caption = Sanat Kar in [[Kolkata]] in 2012<br /> | spouse = Sarbani Kar (née Ghosh) (wife)<br /> }}<br /> '''Sanat Kar''' ([[Bengali (language)|Bengali]]: সনৎ কর) (29 July 1935 – 9 January 2023) was a prominent Indian [[painter]] and [[printmaker]].&lt;ref name=&quot;auto2&amp;quot;&quot;&gt;{{cite web| title =শিল্পী সনৎ কর প্রয়াত, বয়স হয়েছিল ৮৮ বছর (in Bengali)| url =https://www.anandabazar.com/lifestyle/artist-sanat-kar-passes-away-at-88-dgtl/cid/1398098| date =2023-08-05}}&lt;/ref&gt; He is one of the pioneers of modern Indian [[printmaking]] and is known for his experiments with [[Intaglio (printmaking)|wood intaglio]].&lt;ref name=&quot;abp&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=উদ্ভাবক - কলকাতা কড়চা(in Bengali)|url=https://mepaper.anandabazar.com/imageview_71773_44928648_4_75_05-08-2023_2_i_1_sf.html|date=2023-08-05|access-date=2024-02-04|archive-date=2023-08-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230806023158/https://mepaper.anandabazar.com/imageview_71773_44928648_4_75_05-08-2023_2_i_1_sf.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ArtsandCulture&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Eyes, Windows Into The Soul: The Maya of Sanat Kar| url= https://artsandculture.google.com/story/eyes-windows-into-the-soul-the-maya-of-sanat-kar-kerala-museum/4AWxZiBCEhFCgg?hl=en |date =2023-08-05}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Biography==<br /> <br /> === Early life and education ===<br /> Sanat Kar was born on July 29, 1935, in Nagerbazar, Dumdum, [[Kolkata|Calcutta]]. Sanat Kar was the eldest child of Gouri Rani and Sudhir Kumar Kar, who lived in Nagerbazar in Dumdum, Calcutta. His family ran the well known Dumdum Nursery. He studied at the neighbouring Christ Church school for a few years, after which he was enrolled in Bhowanipore's Chakraberia School, where he passed his Matriculation in 1950.<br /> <br /> === Calcutta (1950-1974) ===<br /> Kar studied at the [[Government College of Art and Craft]], Calcutta, from 1950 to 1955, during which he formed a group named Artists' Circle with his friends Arun Bose, Prakash Karmakar and others. There was also ''Chitrangshu'', a group formed by his college seniors Nikhil Biswas and Shyamal Dutta Ray. After his studies at GCAC, he went on to teach art in schools, which was a popular choice for many art-school graduates. He had been visiting Shantiniketan, where his uncle Rammohan Dutta was employed in the Garden Department at Uttarayana in Visva-Bharati, ever since he was in college. He would also visit [[Kala Bhavana]] during this period. On one such visit, after graduating, he was introduced to the principal of [https://amtc.org.in/Home-Page Mandar Vidyapeeth] in Bihar. He was offered a job there, which he accepted. He quit his job after three months and returned to Calcutta.<br /> <br /> Unemployed, he began hunting for work again. He landed a job in two successive [[Hindi medium|Hindi-medium]] schools, Digambar Jain and Shree Jain Vidyalaya in Calcutta. However, his stint at these schools was short-lived. His friends, artists [[Somnath Hore|Somnath]] and [[Reba Hore]] informed him of a job opening in [[Calcutta Boys' School|Calcutta Boys' School (CBS)]]. After an interview in 1959 with Clifford Hicks, then the principal of the institution, Kar got a job there as an art teacher. He would spend the next fifteen years of his life at CBS.<br /> <br /> By the time he joined CBS, the Artists' Circle and ''Chitrangshu'' were about to become a unified entity. Sanat Kar was involved in the 1959 ''Banga Sanskriti Sammelan'' which was curated by the artist and art-critic Ahibhushan Malik, as well as the subsequent 1960 Calcutta Art Fair. That year, Malik convinced the artists to work together, which led to the formation of the Society of Contemporary Artists (SCA).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Untitled Page |url=https://criticalcollective.in/ArtistGInner2.aspx?Aid=0&amp;Eid=303 |access-date=2024-03-01 |website=criticalcollective.in}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kar and Pranabranjan Ray were the founder secretaries of the SCA.<br /> <br /> Sanat Kar began developing his printmaking abilities in the 1960s. Aided by some grants from [[Lalit Kala Akademi]], the SCA members began experimenting with printmaking. In 1962, Kar had his first solo show at the Prints Art Gallery, where he presented his oil paintings. Years later, he would exhibit in Delhi as his first exhibition outside Calcutta at [[Triveni Kala Sangam]] in 1969, showing only his prints.<br /> <br /> === Kala Bhavana (1974-1995) ===<br /> Towards the early seventies, Kar had begun looking for a job that would sustain his printmaking experiments. After an unsuccessful attempt, he joined the Department of Graphic Art of [[Kala Bhavana]], [[Visva-Bharati University|Visva-Bharati]] as a [[Reader (academic rank)|reader]], in 1974. In Shantiniketan, he continued experimenting with wood intaglio, which was a method developed by him in Calcutta. Wood intaglio is a method, based on the original intaglio technique that allows one to take multicolour prints from wooden blocks or plates. Wooden blocks were quite expensive and hard to come by, so he substituted them with plywood, and later sun-mica as well as cardboard treated with glue.&lt;ref name=&quot;auto1&quot;&gt;“[[Delhi Art Gallery]]”&gt;{{cite web |date=2023-08-05 |title=SANAT KAR |url=https://dagworld.com/sanatkar.html}}&lt;/ref&gt; He is a pioneer in these methods of printmaking. Soon enough, he became Head of the department, and later, he would serve as the Principal of Kala Bhavana.<br /> <br /> During his tenure, in the 1980s, he worked with Supriyo Tagore on a project with the students of [[Patha Bhavana, Santiniketan|Patha Bhavana]], where one group of children would draw pictures, and another would write poems or stories based on their friends' drawings. The students of the Graphic Art department would then print these drawings and poems by transferring them onto [[Lithography|litho]] stones. The subsequently printed pages would be bound and put together as books. This became a tradition, which is still followed every year around [https://indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/art-and-culture/for-the-people-6158848/ Nandan Mela], although the books have been replaced by calendars. Later,<br /> <br /> Kar produced some of his finest works in Shantiniketan in the 1970s and 1980s. His work from this period covers various mediums such as [[etching]] (zinc plate), wood intaglio, sunmica and cardboard engraving. He also made a large number paintings in [[tempera]], which would be classified as series titled ''&quot;Ikebana&quot;, &quot;Leaves&quot;, &quot;Maya&quot;, &quot;Dreamers&quot;'' and ''&quot;Homage to Kalighat Pats&quot;''.<br /> <br /> He retired in 1995. He was later honoured as [[Emeritus|Professor Emeritus]] by Visva-Bharati.<br /> <br /> === Later Years and Death (1995-2023) ===<br /> Kar continued working after his retirement from teaching. His preferred mediums were ink, tempera and pastel on paper, although he would occasionally return to printmaking. He remained an active member of the SCA throughout his life. Towards his final years, he provided encouragement and advice to Debovasha, who organised several exhibitions of his works, and also published his writings and sketchbooks.<br /> <br /> Kar died on January 9, 2023, at his residence in Ratan Pally, [[Shantiniketan]].&lt;ref name=&quot;auto2&amp;quot;&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;The Telegraph&quot;&gt;{{cite web| title =Painter and printmaker Sanat Kar no more| url =https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/painter-and-printmaker-sanat-kar-no-more/cid/1908882| date =2023-02-04}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Personal life ==<br /> In 1961, Kar married the artist Sarbani Ghosh, the youngest sister of Karuna Shaha. Their son, Sayan, was born in 1965.<br /> <br /> ==Major publications==<br /> <br /> * Sanat Kar. ''স্মৃতির আঁকিবুকি (Smritir Ankibuki)''. Ananda Publishers. 2017. [https://www.amazon.in/Smritir-Ankibuki-Sanat-Kar/dp/9350404834 ISBN-13 978-9350404836]<br /> * Sanat Kar. ''গল্প নয় গপ্পো (Galpo Noy Gappo).'' Debovasha''.'' 2019.<br /> <br /> ==Awards==<br /> <br /> * 1973: All India Arts and Crafts Society (AIFACS) award<br /> * 1993: Pashchimbanga Rajya Charukala Parishad award and the [[West Bengal]] state [[Lalit Kala Akademi]] award &lt;ref name=&quot;auto1&quot; /&gt;<br /> * 1996: the Shiromoni Puraskar <br /> * 1997: the Kala Vibhushan, AIFACS<br /> * 2005: the Gagan-Abani Purashkar from Visva Bharati <br /> * 2014: the Abanindra Purashkar from the West Bengal Government<br /> * 2015: the Shilpi Maha Samman from the West Bengal Government<br /> * 2017: the Zainul Abedin Purashkar from Bangladesh<br /> * 2022: Lifetime Achievement Award from Birla Academy of Art and Culture<br /> <br /> == Notable exhibitions ==<br /> <br /> * ''Paintings and Prints'', Art Heritage, New Delhi, 1984<br /> * ''Paintings and Prints,'' Pundole Art Gallery, Mumbai, 1989 <br /> * ''Bronzes and Prints'', Birla Academy of Art and Culture, Kolkata, 2002–03<br /> * ''The Lyrical Mudra'' at Akar Prakar, Kolkata, 2006&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kolkata's Akar Prakar Gallery to showcase works of Sanat Kar |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/society-and-the-arts/story/20060227-kolkata-akar-prakar-gallery-to-showcase-works-of-sanat-kar-783672-2006-02-26 |access-date=2024-03-01 |website=India Today |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * ''Homage to Kalighat Pats'' at Gallery Sanskriti, Kolkata, 2007&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Gallery Sanskriti - Exhibit: Homage to Kalighat Pats |url=https://www.gallerysanskriti.com/exhibit-details.php?exhibition_id=11# |access-date=2024-03-01 |website=www.gallerysanskriti.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * ''Sanat Kar: A retrospective'' at CIMA, Kolkata, 2019&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Sanat Kar |url=https://www.cimaartindia.com/sanat-kar/ |access-date=2024-03-01 |website=CIMA Gallery |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * ''Prints and Prints'' at Debovasha, Kolkata 2022&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=বসু |first=শমিতা |title=সৃষ্টির অন্তিম কথা— বিস্ময় |url=https://www.anandabazar.com/patrika/an-exhibition-of-late-artist-sanat-kar-was-held-at-debovasha-gallery/cid/1460279 |access-date=2024-03-01 |website=www.anandabazar.com |language=bn}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{authority control}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Kar, Sanat}}<br /> [[Category:1935 births]]<br /> [[Category:2023 deaths]]<br /> [[Category:20th-century Indian painters]]<br /> [[Category:Indian printmakers]]<br /> [[Category:People from Birbhum district]]<br /> [[Category:Artists from West Bengal]]</div>

Ellen248280 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=M._Jayachandran&diff=468799 2026-03-06T23:54:04Z

<p>Ellen248280: brief reworked details additionally</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian music composer (born 1971)}}<br /> {{for|the singer|P. Jayachandran}}<br /> {{EngvarB|date=September 2014}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2014}}<br /> {{Infobox musical artist<br /> |name = M. Jayachandran <br /> |image = Madhusoodanan Jayachandran Nair.jpg<br /> |caption = M Jayachandran Nair<br /> |image_size = 225px<br /> |birth_name = Jayachandran Madhusoodanan Nair<br /> |birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1971|06|14}}<br /> |birth_place = [[Thiruvananthapuram]], [[Kerala]]<br /> |background = non_performing_personnel<br /> | alias = M J Sir<br /> |origin = [[Thiruvananthapuram]], Kerala, India<br /> |occupation = Music director, playback singer <br /> |years_active = 1993–present<br /> |label = <br /> |website = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Madhusoodanan Jayachandran Nair''' (born 14 June 1971) is an Indian [[music composer|composer]], singer, and musician. He has won the [[Kerala State Film Award for Best Music Director]] a record number of nine times. In 2005, he also won the state award for best male singer. In 2015, he won the [[National Film Award for Best Music Direction]] for the film ''[[Ennu Ninte Moideen]]''. He has composed music for 126 films.<br /> <br /> ==Early life and career==<br /> Jayachandran was born on 14 June 1971, at [[Thiruvananthapuram]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title= 1 |url= http://musickade.com/mp3/rajeev-alunkal-light-music}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title= 2 |website=[[Facebook]] |url=https://m.facebook.com/harithahareeshnairsinger/posts/915504871846332}}&lt;/ref&gt; He began learning [[Carnatic music]] at the age of 5 under Attingal Harihara Iyer and later under [[Perumbavoor G. Raveendranath]].&lt;ref name=TH&gt;{{cite web|title=Scaling peaks of success|url=http://www.hindu.com/fr/2005/10/21/stories/2005102102540100.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131219073904/http://www.hindu.com/fr/2005/10/21/stories/2005102102540100.htm|url-status=dead|work=[[The Hindu]]|archive-date=2013-12-19}}&lt;/ref&gt; Thereafter, he was a student of Neyyattinkara Mohanachandran for 18 years.&lt;ref name=TH/&gt; He won the Carnatic vocal competition at the Kerala University youth festival four times in a row from 1987 to 1990.&lt;ref name=TH/&gt;<br /> <br /> Jayachandran began his career in the film industry as a playback singer for the movie ''Vasudha'' in 1992 and then became an assistant to Malayalam music director [[G. Devarajan]].&lt;ref name=TH/&gt; In 1995, he became an independent music director through the film ''[[Chantha]]''.&lt;ref name=TH/&gt;<br /> <br /> [[File:Pacha panam thathe.ogg|thumb|Pacha panam thathe song sung by music director M. Jayachandran]]<br /> <br /> ==Personal life==<br /> Jayachandran is the younger among the two sons of late Madhusoodanan Nair (d. 2014) and late Vijaya Nair (d. 2009), born in 1971. He worked at [[Asianet (TV channel)|Asianet]] before taking up full-time music direction.&lt;ref name=TH/&gt; He married Priya on 12 November 1995, and has two sons.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Seasoned culinary managers|url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/Food/seasoned-culinary-managers/article5141993.ece|work=The Hindu|date=18 September 2013 |last1=M |first1=Athira }}&lt;/ref&gt; He has been on the judging panel of musical reality shows in Malayalam television.<br /> <br /> ==Filmography==<br /> {{main|M. Jayachandran discography}}<br /> <br /> ==Albums (non-film)==<br /> {{BLP unreferenced section|date= October 2022}}<br /> * ''Mangalyathaali'' (lyrics: Chovvalloor Krishnankutty, Chittoor Gopi, Sreemoolanagaram Ponnan, singers: various)<br /> * ''Mahamaaya'' (2005) (lyrics: [[Rajeev Alunkal]], singer: [[K. S. Chithra]])<br /> * ''Sandhyanjali'' (2005) (lyrics: Traditional, singer: K. S. Chithra)<br /> * ''Unnikkannan'' (2005) (lyrics: Chowalloor Krishnankutty, singer: K. S. Chithra)<br /> * ''Vandeham Harikrishna'' (2006) (lyrics: [[Gireesh Puthenchery]], singer: K. S. Chithra)<br /> * ''Padmam Sree Padmam'' (2008) (lyrics: S Ramesan Nair, singers: [[M. G. Sreekumar]], Radhika Thilak)<br /> * ''Aattukal Deviyamma'' (lyrics: various, singers: various)<br /> * ''Amme Devi Mahamaye'' (lyrics: [[S. Ramesan Nair]], singer: [[P. Jayachandran]])<br /> * ''Gopichandanam'' (lyrics: S Ramesan Nair, singer: K. S. Chithra)<br /> * ''Haripriya'' (lyrics: S Ramesan Nair, singer: K. S. Chithra)<br /> * ''Campus'' (2002) (lyrics: Gireesh Puthenchery, S Ramesan Nair, Rajeev Alunkal, Yogesh, singers: various)<br /> * ''Kudamullapoo'' (2003) (lyrics: Gireesh Puthenchery, singers: [[K. J. Yesudas]], [[Vijay Yesudas]], K. S. Chithra)<br /> * ''Iniyennum'' (2004) (lyrics: East Coast Vijayan, singers: various)<br /> * ''Ormakkai'' (2005) (lyrics: East Coast Vijayan, singers: various)<br /> * ''Swantham'' (2006) (lyrics: East Coast Vijayan, singers: various)<br /> * ''Raagolsavam'' (lyrics: Pallippuram Mohanachandran, singers: Biju Narayanan, [[Srinivas (singer)|Srinivas]], K. S. Chithra)<br /> * ''Thiruvona Paattu'' (lyrics: [[Sreekumaran Thampi]], singers: P. Jayachandran, K. S. Chithra)<br /> <br /> ==Television==<br /> {{BLP unreferenced section|date= October 2022}}<br /> ;TV Shows as Judge<br /> *Saptaswarangal ([[Asianet (TV channel)|Asianet]])<br /> *Mega Singer ([[Jeevan TV]])<br /> *Voice of Kerala ([[Surya TV]])<br /> *Gandharvasangeetham ([[Kairali TV]])<br /> *[[Star Singer]] ([[Asianet (TV channel)|Asianet]])<br /> *Old is Gold ([[Surya TV]])<br /> *Super Star ([[Amrita TV]])<br /> *Top Singer ([[Flowers TV]])<br /> *Pattile Tharam ([[Mazhavil Manorama]])<br /> ;TV serials as Music Director<br /> *[[Indulekha (2020 TV series)|Indulekha]] ([[Surya TV]])<br /> *[[Santhwanam (TV series)|Santhwanam]] ([[Asianet (TV channel)|Asianet]])<br /> *[[Padatha Painkili (TV series)|Padathapainkili]] ([[Asianet (TV channel)|Asianet]])<br /> *''[[Ammayariyathe]]'' ([[Asianet (TV channel)|Asianet]])<br /> *''[[Kabani (TV series)|Kabani]]'' ([[Zee Keralam]])<br /> *''[[Bharathi Kannamma (2019 TV series)|Bharathi Kannamaa]]'' ([[Star Vijay]]) -[[Tamil language|Tamil]]<br /> *''[[Swathi Nakshatram Chothi]]'' ([[Zee Keralam]])<br /> *''[[Chembarathi (TV series)|Chembarathi]]''([[Zee Keralam]])<br /> *''[[Mouna Raagam (Tamil TV series)|Mouna Ragam]]'' ([[Star Vijay]]) -[[Tamil language|Tamil]]<br /> *''[[Vanambadi (TV series)|Vanambadi]]'' ([[Asianet (TV channel)|Asianet]])<br /> *Sreekrishnan ([[Surya TV]])<br /> *''Geethanjali'' ([[Surya TV]])<br /> *''Adhiparashakthi Chottanikkarayamma'' ([[Surya TV]])<br /> *''Sreeguruvayoorappan'' ([[Surya TV]])<br /> *''Kalyani''(Surya TV)<br /> *''Ente Sooryaputhri'' ([[Asianet (TV channel)|Asianet]])<br /> *''Swarnamayooram'' (Asianet)<br /> *''Veendum Jwalayayi ''(DD Malayalam)<br /> *''Kudumbini''(Asianet)<br /> *''Sooryaputhri'' ([[Asianet (TV channel)|Asianet]])<br /> *''Innale'' ([[Surya TV]])<br /> *''Black and White'' ([[Asianet (TV channel)|Asianet]])<br /> <br /> ==Awards==<br /> {{BLP unreferenced section|date= October 2022}}<br /> '''[[National Film Awards]]:'''<br /> * 2015 – [[National Film Award for Best Music Direction|Best Music Director]] – ''[[Ennu Ninte Moideen]]'' (&quot;Kathirunnu Kathirunnu&quot;)<br /> <br /> '''Honorary'''<br /> * 2012 – [[Swaralaya Yesudas Award]]<br /> <br /> '''[[Kerala State Film Awards]]:'''<br /> * 2003 – [[Kerala State Film Award for Best Music Director|Best Music Director]] – ''[[Gaurisankaram]]''<br /> * 2004 – Best Music Director – ''[[Perumazhakkalam]]'' and ''[[Kathavasheshan]]''<br /> * 2005 – [[Kerala State Film Award for Best Singer|Best Play Back Singer]] – ''[[Nottam]]'' (&quot;Melle Melle&quot;)<br /> * 2007 – Best Music Director – ''[[Nivedyam (2007 film)|Nivedyam]]''<br /> * 2008 – Best Music Director – ''[[Madampi]]''<br /> * 2010 – Best Music Director – ''[[Karayilekku Oru Kadal Dooram]]''<br /> * 2012 – Best Music Director – ''[[Celluloid (film)|Celluloid]]''<br /> * 2016 – Best Music Director – ''[[Kamboji]]''<br /> * 2021 – Best Music Director- ''[[Sufiyum Sujatayum]]''<br /> * 2023 – Best Music Director- ''19aam Noottandu''<br /> <br /> '''[[Kerala Film Critics Association Awards]]'''<br /> * 2003 – Best Music Director - [[Balettan]], Gaurisankaram, [[Kanninum Kannadikkum]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2004-02-01 |title=Film critics' awards announced |url=http://www.hinduonnet.com/2004/02/01/stories/2004020105530400.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100820054715/http://www.hinduonnet.com/2004/02/01/stories/2004020105530400.htm |archive-date=2010-08-20 |access-date=2020-10-20 |url-status=usurped |website=[[The Hindu]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> '''[[Asianet Film Awards]]:'''<br /> * 2003 – [[Asianet Film Awards#Best Music Director|Best Music Director Award]] ''Gaurisankaram''<br /> * 2004 – Best Music Director Award ''Perumazhakkalam, [[Mampazhakkalam]]''<br /> * 2007 – Best Music Director Award ''Nivedyam''<br /> * 2011 – Best Music Director Award ''[[Pranayam (2011 film)|Pranayam]]''<br /> <br /> '''[[Filmfare Awards South]]'''<br /> * 2004 – [[Filmfare Award for Best Music Director – Malayalam]] – ''Perumazhakkalam''<br /> * 2011 – Filmfare Award for Best Music Director – Malayalam – ''Pranayam''&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web<br /> |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/tamil/news-interviews/The-59th-Idea-Filmfare-Awards-2011South/articleshow/14742576.cms<br /> |archive-url=https://archive.today/20121204180003/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-07-08/news-interviews/32588512_1_aadukalam-video-pranayam<br /> |url-status=live<br /> |archive-date=4 December 2012<br /> |work=[[The Times of India]]<br /> |title=The 59th Idea Filmfare Awards 2011(South) <br /> |access-date=8 July 2012 <br /> }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * 2013 – Filmfare Award for Best Music Director – Malayalam – ''Celluloid''<br /> * 2015 – Filmfare Award for Best Music Director – Malayalam – ''Ennu Ninte Moideen''<br /> <br /> '''[[Asiavision Awards]]'''<br /> * 2013 – [[Asiavision Awards]] – Best Music Director&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.emirates247.com/entertainment/mammotty-kavya-madhavan-bag-asiavision-awards-2013-11-05-1.526962 |title=Mammotty, Kavya Madhavan bag Asiavision awards - Emirates 24&amp;#124;7 |publisher=Emirates247.com |date=2013-11-05 |access-date=2016-02-17 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304060116/http://www.emirates247.com/entertainment/mammotty-kavya-madhavan-bag-asiavision-awards-2013-11-05-1.526962 |archive-date=4 March 2016 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> '''[[Mirchi Music Awards South]]'''<br /> *2009 - Best music director<br /> *2009 - Album of the year <br /> *2009 - Song of the year<br /> *2010 - Best music director<br /> *2010 - Album of the year<br /> *2010 - Song of the year<br /> *2011 - Song of the year<br /> *2011 - Album of the year<br /> *2011 - Best music director<br /> '''Asianet Television Awards'''<br /> *2017 - Manninte Manamulla Sangeetham ( Honorary awards)<br /> *2017 - Best Music Director<br /> '''[[Vijay Television Awards]]'''<br /> *2018 - [[Vijay Television Awards for Special Jury Award]]<br /> '''Mazhavil Mango Award'''<br /> *2021 - Best Music director<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> {{commons category|M. Jayachandran}}<br /> *{{IMDb name|0419654}}<br /> *[https://web.archive.org/web/20060908015026/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/fr/2005/10/21/stories/2005102102540100.htm Scaling peaks of success]<br /> *[http://musickade.com/mp3/rajeev-alunkal-light-music]<br /> <br /> {{NationalFilmAwardBestMusicDirection}}<br /> {{KeralaStateFilmAwardBestMusicDirection}}<br /> <br /> {{Authority control}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Jayachandran, M.}}<br /> [[Category:Malayalam-language playback singers]]<br /> [[Category:Malayalam film score composers]]<br /> [[Category:Musicians from Thiruvananthapuram]]<br /> [[Category:Kerala State Film Award winners]]<br /> [[Category:Filmfare Awards South winners]]<br /> [[Category:1971 births]]<br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:Film musicians from Kerala]]<br /> [[Category:21st-century Indian composers]]<br /> [[Category:Best Music Direction National Film Award winners]]</div>

Ellen248280 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mudhalali&diff=518703 2026-03-04T04:59:12Z

<p>Ellen248280: biography</p> <hr /> <div>{{short description|1957 film by Muktha Srinivasan}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=October 2021}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=October 2021}}<br /> {{Infobox film<br /> | image = Mudhalali poster.jpg<br /> | caption = Theatrical release poster<br /> | director = [[Muktha Srinivasan]]<br /> | writer = A. K. Venkat Ramanujam<br /> | based_on = {{based on|''Mudhalali''|A. K. Venkat Ramanujam}}<br /> | producer = M. A. Venu<br /> | starring = [[S. S. Rajendran]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Devika]]<br /> | cinematography = K. Ramachandran<br /> | editing = T. Vijayarangam<br /> | music = [[K. V. Mahadevan]]<br /> | studio = M. A. V. Pictures<br /> | distributor = Radhakrishna Films&lt;ref name=&quot;poster&quot; /&gt;<br /> | released = {{Film date|df=yes|1957|10|22|ref1=}}<br /> | runtime = 160 minutes<br /> | country = India<br /> | language = Tamil<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''''Mudhalali''''' ({{Translation|Proprietor}}) is a 1957 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[Drama (film and television)|drama film]], the directorial debut of [[Muktha Srinivasan]] and written by Venkat Ramanujam. The film was produced by M. A. Venu under M. A. V. Pictures.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite magazine |last=காந்தன் |date=17 November 1957 |title=முதலாளி |url=https://archive.org/details/kalki1957-11-17/page/33/mode/2up |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240923072106/https://archive.org/details/kalki1957-11-17/page/33/mode/2up |archive-date=23 September 2024 |access-date=14 October 2022 |magazine=[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]] |pages=76–77 |language=ta |via=[[Internet Archive]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; It stars [[S. S. Rajendran]] and debutante [[Devika]], while [[M. N. Rajam]], A. Kannaiyan and [[T. P. Muthulakshmi]] play supporting roles. The film's soundtrack and background score were composed by [[K. V. Mahadevan]], while the lyrics for the songs were written by Ka. Mu. Sheriff.<br /> <br /> K. Ramachandran and T. Vijayarangam handled cinematography and editing respectively. The film is based on Ramanujam's stage play of the same name. Film development started during the making of ''[[Sampoorna Ramayanam (1958 film)|Sampoorna Ramayanam]]'', whose own production was temporarily shelved. The film was released on 22 October 1957&lt;ref name=&quot;poster&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |date=22 October 1957 |title=Mudalali |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&amp;dat=19571022&amp;printsec=frontpage&amp;hl=en |access-date=24 June 2018 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |pages=1 |via=[[Google News Archive]]}}{{cbignore}}&lt;/ref&gt; and became a box office hit, establishing the career of actors Rajendran, Devika and Srinivasan. It was remade in [[Telugu language|Telugu]] as ''Mundadugu'' (1958) and in [[Malayalam]] as ''[[Muthalali]]'' (1965).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Vijayakumar |first=B. |date=18 November 2013 |title=Muthalali 1965 |url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/muthalali-1965/article5361814.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140830170640/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/muthalali-1965/article5361814.ece |archive-date=30 August 2014 |access-date=14 August 2020 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Plot ==<br /> Vasanthan goes to the United States to further his education. During his absence, his widowed mother Karpagam manages their glass factory in [[Salem, Tamil Nadu|Salem]] with the help of manager Balu, who has a relationship with Vasanthan's cousin Kokilam. Since Vasanthan's mother does not understand how to manage the factory, Balu brings everything under his control and swindles the company by various means. Vasanthan returns to India several years later. He lands at [[Mumbai|Bombay]] ''en route'' to [[Chennai|Madras]] in order to reach Salem. While there, he meets a hotel boy, Poongavanam, who causes Vasanthan to realise the need to understand the life of a worker before becoming a factory owner. He informs his mother that he has to go on another tour and will arrive in Salem in two months, but lands in Salem as a worker under the pseudonym Varadhan. He joins the factory with the help of Valli, who works in the factory with her father.<br /> <br /> Slowly, Vasanthan comes to understand the misdeeds of Balu in managing the factory, and learns of his niece Kokilam's relationship with Balu. Meanwhile, Vasanthan and Valli fall in love. Vasanthan's mother becomes desperate to find her son and starts spending money to trace him. Vasanthan decides to reveal his true identity and goes out of town. Balu has an eye on Valli, and when she does not accept his lecherous advances, he throws her and her father out of the factory quarters. They leave in search of Varadhan, who has left Salem. When Vasanthan returns, his mother becomes happy. He meets the workers and promises changes since he now understands the misdeeds of the manager. Gradually, he starts addressing all the workers' issues. Manager Balu is kept in his place and brought under control. Unable to accept his reduced status, and being under excessive control, Balu starts spreading rumours that Vasanthan is not the real owner, but an imposter. Varadhan has come as Vasanthan. Even Vasanthan's mother starts doubting this, since Vasanthan (who was found of Kokilam before going abroad) is not behaving as before with her. Vasanthan proves that he is the real owner and exposes all of Balu's misdeeds. With the help of a Cycle&amp;nbsp;— rickshaw puller, he traces Valli in [[Madras]] (who had gone there search of him) brings her back, and marries her.<br /> <br /> == Cast ==<br /> * [[S. S. Rajendran]] as Vasanthan/Varathan<br /> * [[Devika]] as Valli<br /> * [[M. N. Rajam]] as Kokilam (Vasanthan's Cousin)<br /> * [[T. K. Ramachandran]] as Balu (Kokilam's fiancé)<br /> * S. S. Sivasooryan as Murugesan<br /> * [[C. T. Rajakantham]] as Karpagam (Vasanthan's Mother)<br /> * [[T. P. Muthulakshmi]] as Senthamarai, (Vasanthan's house maid)<br /> * Lakshmi Rajyam as Cameo Appearance<br /> * R. Pakkirisamy as Poongavanam (Valli's Brother)<br /> * [[Ennatha Kannaiya]] as Gopal<br /> <br /> == Production and release ==<br /> M. A. Venu who produced ''Sampoorna Ramayanam'' at the same time, had only 10 days in a month to shoot that film, since many artists involved were busy with other commitments. To make use of the remaining 20 days, Venu bought the rights for the stage play ''Mudhalali'' and chose Srinivasan to make his directorial debut.{{Sfn|Dhananjayan|2014|page=121}} Unlike most films, this film's production was completed in four months and two days within the budget of ₹2 lakh (worth ₹11 crore in 2021 prices).{{Sfn|Dhananjayan|2014|page=121}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=15 April 2007 |title=A celebrated veteran of the south Indian film industry |url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/A-celebrated-veteran-of-the-south-Indian-film-industry/article14749955.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211018102644/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/A-celebrated-veteran-of-the-south-Indian-film-industry/article14749955.ece |archive-date=18 October 2021 |access-date=18 October 2021 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Pramila, who was given the screen name Devika, made her acting debut.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Blend of grace and charm |url=http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/fr/2002/05/10/stories/2002051000830500.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020621133928/http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/fr/2002/05/10/stories/2002051000830500.htm |archive-date=21 June 2002 |access-date=9 September 2015 |website=[[The Hindu]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Rajendran was paid ₹7,000 while both Devika and Srinivasan were paid ₹5,000.{{Sfn|Dhananjayan|2014|page=121}} The film returned 900 per cent on investment in opening week.{{Sfn|Dhananjayan|2014|page=121}}<br /> <br /> == Soundtrack ==<br /> The film's soundtrack and background score were composed by [[K. V. Mahadevan]], while the lyrics for the songs were written by [[Ka. Mu. Sheriff]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Mudalali |url=https://www.saregama.com/album/mudalali_101613 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211018102644/https://www.saregama.com/album/mudalali_101613 |archive-date=18 October 2021 |access-date=18 October 2021 |website=[[Saregama]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; The song &quot;Yeri Karaiyin Mele&quot; is set in Arabhi raga.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=12 April 2013 |title=Valour and worship |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/music/valour-and-worship/article4609821.ece |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20141012050335/http://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/music/valour-and-worship/article4609821.ece |archive-date=12 October 2014 |access-date=28 January 2017 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Neelamegam |first=G. |title=Thiraikalanjiyam&amp;nbsp;— Part 1 |publisher=Manivasagar Publishers |year=2014 |location=Chennai |pages=133–134 |language=ta}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Songs !! Singers !! Length<br /> |-<br /> | &quot;Yeri Karaiyin Mele&quot; || T. M. Soundararajan || 03:28<br /> |-<br /> | &quot;Yawwana Ranithaan&quot; || Jikki || 02:48<br /> |-<br /> | &quot;Yengirundho Vandhaar&quot; || M. S. Rajeswari || 02:48<br /> |-<br /> | &quot;Kunguma Pottukkaaraa&quot; || T. M. Soundararajan &amp; M. S. Rajeswari || 03:22<br /> |-<br /> | &quot;Chikkanama Vazhum&quot; || A. G. Rathnamala &amp; G. Kasthoori || 04:51<br /> |-<br /> | &quot;Enga Mudhalaali Thanga&quot; || V. N. Sundharam, S. V. Ponnusamy,&lt;br /&gt;A. G. Rathnamala &amp; G. Kasthoori || 05:24<br /> |-<br /> | &quot;Aasai Kalyaanam&quot; || M. S. Rajeswari || 03:20<br /> |-<br /> | &quot;Kaalamadi Kaalam&quot; || Seerkazhi Govindarajan || 03:19<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == Accolades ==<br /> The film received a certificate from the [[National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Tamil]] (Best regional language film) for the year.&lt;ref name=&quot;5thawardPDF&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 April 1958 |title=State Awards for Films |url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/5th_nff.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131103222703/http://dff.nic.in/2011/5th_nff.pdf |archive-date=3 November 2013 |access-date=2 September 2011 |publisher=[[Directorate of Film Festivals]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> == Bibliography ==<br /> * {{Cite book |last=Dhananjayan |first=G. |author-link=G. Dhananjayan |title=Pride of Tamil Cinema: 1931–2013 |title-link=Pride of Tamil Cinema |publisher=Blue Ocean Publishers |year=2014 |oclc=898765509}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> * {{IMDb title}}<br /> {{National Film Award Best Feature Film Tamil}}<br /> {{Muktha Srinivasan}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:1957 Indian films]]<br /> [[Category:1957 Tamil-language films]]<br /> [[Category:1957 directorial debut films]]<br /> [[Category:1957 drama films]]<br /> [[Category:1957 films]]<br /> [[Category:Films directed by Muktha Srinivasan]]<br /> [[Category:Films scored by K. V. Mahadevan]]<br /> [[Category:Indian black-and-white films]]<br /> [[Category:Indian drama films]]<br /> [[Category:Indian films based on plays]]<br /> [[Category:Tamil films remade in other languages]]<br /> [[Category:Tamil-language drama films]]<br /> [[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]</div>

Ellen248280 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sampangi&diff=532351 2026-03-03T21:59:01Z

<p>Ellen248280: Adding A Details.</p> <hr /> <div>{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2024}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=February 2024}}<br /> {{Infobox film<br /> | name = Sampangi<br /> | image = Sampangi 2001.jpg<br /> | alt = <br /> | caption = Official poster<br /> | native_name = &lt;!-- {{Infobox name module|language|title}} or {{Infobox name module|title}} --&gt;<br /> | director = Sana Yadireddy<br /> | writer = <br /> | screenplay = <br /> | story = <br /> | based_on = &lt;!-- {{Based on|title of the original work|creator of the original work|additional creator(s), if necessary}} --&gt;<br /> | producer = Kalyani Venkatesh<br /> | starring = [[Arjan Bajwa|Deepak]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Kanchi Kaul]]<br /> | narrator = <br /> | cinematography = [[Vijay C. Kumar]]<br /> | editing = <br /> | music = Ghantadi Krishna<br /> | studio = Kalyana Venkateshwara Films<br /> | distributor = &lt;!-- or: | distributors = --&gt;<br /> | released = {{Film date|df=y|2001|7|13}} <br /> | runtime = <br /> | country = India<br /> | language = Telugu<br /> | budget = <br /> | gross = <br /> }}<br /> '''''Sampangi''''' ({{Translation|[[Magnolia champaca|Champaka flower]]}}) is a 2001 Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu-language]] [[Romance film#Romantic drama|romantic drama]] [[Telugu cinema|film]] directed by Sana Yadireddy and starring newcomers [[Arjan Bajwa|Deepak]] and [[Kanchi Kaul]].<br /> <br /> == Plot ==<br /> Sankarnarayana, a [[Hindus|Hindu]] from [[Visakhapatnam]], and Osman, a [[Muslims|Muslim]] from [[Hyderabad]], have been close friends since childhood. Sankarnarayana’s son, Abhishek, falls in love with Salwar Rizwana at first sight, unaware that she is Osman’s daughter. She reciprocates his feelings, but upon learning of her identity, Abhishek distances himself, fearing that their relationship could jeopardize their fathers' friendship. Unable to express his love, he refrains from pursuing the relationship, and Rizwana becomes engaged to someone else. However, circumstances eventually bring them together, leading to a happy resolution.<br /> <br /> == Cast ==<br /> *[[Arjan Bajwa|Deepak]] as Abhishek<br /> *[[Kanchi Kaul]] as Salwar Rizwana<br /> *[[Ranganath (actor)|Ranganath]] as Sankarnarayana<br /> *[[Chalapathi Rao]] as Osman<br /> *[[Chandra Mohan (Telugu actor)|Chandra Mohan]]<br /> *[[Sivaji Raja]]<br /> *[[Shanoor Sana|Sana]]<br /> *Sangeetha<br /> *Veniradai Nirmala<br /> *Kaushal <br /> *Chinna<br /> <br /> == Production ==<br /> The film is directed by Sana Yadireddy, who previously directed ''[[Pittala Dora (film)|Pittala Dora]]'' (1996), ''Jai Bhajaranga Bhali'' (1997) and ''Bachelors'' (2000).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.idlebrain.com/news/2000march20/news236.html|title=Aryan in Sana Yadireddy's film|date=7 May 2003|work=[[Idlebrain.com]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Debutante Deepak, who came to Hyderabad to shoot for an advertisement, received the role after an audition.&lt;ref name=&quot;I&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.idlebrain.com/celeb/interview/deepak.html|title=<br /> Interview with Deepak|last1=Jeevi|last2=Aditya|work=[[Idlebrain.com]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/hero-deepak-joins-rs-100-crore-club/articleshow/53958719.cms|title=Hero Deepak joins Rs 100 crore club!|date=16 January 2017|work=[[The Times of India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.indulgexpress.com/entertainment/tv/2022/feb/18/actor-arjan-bajwa-opens-up-about-his-upcoming-project-bestseller-39134.html|title=Actor Arjan Bajwa opens up about his upcoming project, Bestseller|date=18 February 2022|last=Behara|first=Suchitra|work=[[The New Indian Express|Indulge Express]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Soundtrack ==<br /> The music was composed by Ghantadi Krishna.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://music.apple.com/us/album/sampangi-original-motion-picture-soundtrack-ep/928761212|title=Sampangi (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) - EP|date=2001|work=[[Apple Music]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> {{tracklist<br /> | extra_column = Singer(s)<br /> | headline = <br /> | total_length = 29:51<br /> | title1 = Pantesthe Gani<br /> | extra1 = Ghatikachalam, Ghantadi Krishna, [[Varikuppala Yadagiri]]<br /> | length1 = 4:18<br /> | title2 = Gunde Enduku Echavura<br /> | extra2 = [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]<br /> | length2 = 5:11<br /> | title3 = Nacchave Bhama<br /> | extra3 = [[Sukhwinder Singh]]<br /> | length3 = 5:07<br /> | title4 = Cheliya Ninu<br /> | extra4 = [[Udit Narayan]], [[Anuradha Sriram]]<br /> | length4 = 4:16<br /> | title5 = Sampangi<br /> | extra5 = [[P. Unnikrishnan]]<br /> | length5 = 5:09<br /> | title6 = Andamaina Kundanala Bomma<br /> | extra6 = Varikuppala Yadagiri<br /> | length6 = 5:50<br /> | all_writing = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> == Reception ==<br /> A critic from ''[[Sify]]'' wrote, &quot;Director Yadi Reddy and story writer Chalam has (sic.) managed to weave out a tender love story. Though the lead pair in the picture are newcomers, they have performed well. While Ranganath, Chalapathi Rao and Sangeetha steal the show. G. Krishna has composed some melodious music. For Yadi Reddy this is his fourth successful film&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://sify.com/movies/telugu/review.php?id=6009424&amp;ctid=5&amp;cid=2430|title=Review: Sampangi|work=[[Sify]]|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050130060937/http://sify.com/movies/telugu/review.php?id=6009424&amp;ctid=5&amp;cid=2430|archive-date=30 January 2005}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sri of ''[[Telugucinema.com]]'' praised the film's music and cultural depiction but felt the lead actor needed improvement.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Sri |date=2001 |title=Movie Reviews - Sampangi |url=http://www.telugucinema.com/movies/reviews/sampangi.html |access-date=2025-03-21 |website=[[Telugucinema.com|Telugu Cinema]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020816002409/http://www.telugucinema.com/movies/reviews/sampangi.html |archive-date=16 August 2002 }}&lt;/ref&gt; A critic from ''Full Hyderabad'' wrote, &quot;A good family movie, despite a rather clichéd overall theme&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://movies.fullhyderabad.com/sampangi/telugu/sampangi-movie-reviews-1872-2.html|title=Sampangi Review|first=Ajay|last=Bashyam|work=Full Hyderabad}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Box office ==<br /> <br /> The film had houseful shows in Hyderabad and Secunderabad. However, the screening of the film in [[Nalgonda district]] was stopped following protests by Muslims.&lt;ref name=&quot;R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Jafri |first=Syed Amin |date=30 July 2001 |title=Telugu film taken off following Muslim protests |url=https://www.rediff.com/news/2001/jul/30film.htm |work=[[Rediff.com]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; The film was a box office success, and Deepak earned the name ''Sampangi'' Deepak.&lt;ref name=&quot;I2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.idlebrain.com/mumbai/previews/ishqhaintumse.html|title=Preview of ''Ishq Hai Tumse''|work=[[Idlebrain.com]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;I&quot;/&gt; The film was remade in Hindi by [[Krishna (Telugu actor)|Krishna]] as ''[[Ishq Hai Tumse]]'' (2004).&lt;ref name=&quot;I2&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.v6velugu.com/krishna-ghattamaneni-was-directed-of-sampangi-remake-in-bollywood-|title='సంపంగి' హిందీ రీమేక్‌కు దర్శకుడు కృష్ణనే |work=V6 Velugu|language=te|date=15 November 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Awards==<br /> ;[[Nandi Awards]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://ipr.ap.nic.in/New_Links/Film.pdf|title=నంది అవార్డు విజేతల పరంపర (1964–2008)|trans-title=A series of Nandi Award Winners (1964–2008)|publisher=[[Andhra Pradesh (magazine)|Information &amp; Public Relations of Andhra Pradesh]]|access-date=21 August 2020|archive-date=23 February 2015|language=Te|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150223135739/http://ipr.ap.nic.in/New_Links/Film.pdf|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *[[Nandi Award for Best Male Dubbing Artist|Best Male Dubbing Artist]] - Raghu (for Deepak)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.idlebrain.com/news/2000march20/nandiawards2001.html|title=Nandi Awards 2001 - 2002|work=[[Idlebrain.com]]|date=19 October 2002}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> *{{IMDb title|1612002}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Indian romantic drama films]]<br /> [[Category:2001 Telugu-language films]]<br /> [[Category:Telugu films remade in other languages]]</div>

Ellen248280 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fukri&diff=465733 2026-03-03T20:34:18Z

<p>Ellen248280: expanded page to improve readability and corrected details to improve readability</p> <hr /> <div>{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2017}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=February 2017}}<br /> {{Infobox film<br /> | name = Fukri<br /> | image = Fukri poster.jpg<br /> | caption = Theatrical release poster<br /> | director = [[Siddique (director)|Siddique]]<br /> | producer = {{ubl|Siddique|Vaishak Rajan|Jenso Jose}}<br /> | writer = Siddique<br /> | starring = [[Jayasurya]]&lt;br&gt;[[Lal (actor)|Lal]]&lt;br&gt;[[Siddique (actor)|Siddique]]&lt;br&gt;[[Prayaga Martin]]&lt;br&gt;[[Joju George]]<br /> | music = [[Gopi Sunder]]<br /> | cinematography = [[Vijay Ulaganath]]<br /> | editing = K. R. Gourishankar<br /> | studio = S. Talkies&lt;br /&gt;Vaishaka Cynyma<br /> | distributor = S. Talkies Release<br /> | released = {{Film date|2017|02|03|df=y}}<br /> | runtime = 156 minutes<br /> | country = [[India]]<br /> | language = [[Malayalam]]<br /> | budget = &lt;!--Must be attributed to a reliable published source with an established reputation for fact-checking. No blogs, no IMDb.--&gt;<br /> | gross = &lt;!--Must be attributed to a reliable published source with an established reputation for fact-checking. No blogs, no IMDb.--&gt;<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''''Fukri''''' is a [[List of Malayalam films of 2017|2017]] Indian [[Malayalam cinema|Malayalam]]-language [[comedy-drama]] film written and directed by [[Siddique (director)|Siddique]] and starring [[Jayasurya]], [[Lal (actor)|Lal]], [[Siddique (actor)|Siddique]], [[Prayaga Martin]] and [[Joju George]]. It was produced by Siddique, Vaishak Rajan, and Jenso Jose under the banners of S Talkies and Vaishaka Cynyma.&lt;ref name=&quot;FP&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/fukri-movie-review-siddique-jayasurya-counter-love-jihad-campaigners-with-comedy-3266442.html|title=Fukri movie review: Siddique, Jayasurya counter 'love jihad' campaigners with comedy|via=Firstpost|date=4 February 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;SIFY&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.sify.com/movies/fukri-review--a-rehash-of-old-classics-review-malayalam-rcgjDvecadfbi.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170206213151/http://www.sify.com/movies/fukri-review--a-rehash-of-old-classics-review-malayalam-rcgjDvecadfbi.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=6 February 2017|title=Fukri review- A rehash of old classics!|via=Sify|date=6 February 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;IBT&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/jayasuryas-fukri-movie-review-live-audience-updates-714672|title=Jayasurya's Fukri movie review: Live audience updates|via=International Business Times|date=3 February 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;FB&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.filmibeat.com/malayalam/reviews/2017/fukri-movie-review-253322.html|title=Fukri Movie Review: Strictly For Siddique Fans!|via=Filmibeat|date=3 February 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;MM&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://english.manoramaonline.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/fukri-jayasurya-siddique-malayalam-movie-review-updates.html|title=Fukri movie review: the aroma of family fare wafts through the air|via=Manoramaonline|date=5 February 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;FB2&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.filmibeat.com/malayalam/news/2017/when-will-jayasurya-s-fukri-hit-the-theatres-251875.html|title=When Will Jayasurya's Fukri Hit The Theatres?|via=Filmibeat|date=17 January 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;IBT2&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/fukri-movie-review-jayasurya-siddique-joju-george-are-saving-factors-this-comedy-entertainer-714857|title=Fukri movie review: Jayasurya, Siddique, Joju George are the saving factors of this comedy entertainer|via=International Business Times|date=4 February 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The movie's name, Fukri, is an Urdu word. It &quot;has been used as the family name&quot; in the movie.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2017-01-31 |title=How Fukri got its name {{!}} How Fukri got its name |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/mollywood/310117/how-fukri-got-its-name.html |access-date=2025-08-25 |website=www.deccanchronicle.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Plot==<br /> An engineering dropout, Lucky is in pursuit of quick moneymaking plans but finds himself trapped in one trouble after the other. He is accompanied by his friends; Franklin, Kunjappu and Venkatesh Iyer. His life takes a new turn when he meets a college girl Nafsi and her cousin Sana.&lt;ref name=&quot;IBT&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;MM&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;IBT2&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Cast==<br /> {{colbegin}}<br /> * [[Jayasurya]] as Lucky / Luqmaan Ali Fukri&lt;ref name=&quot;MM&quot;/&gt;<br /> * [[Siddique (actor)|Siddique]] as Sulaiman Fukri&lt;ref name=&quot;IBT2&quot;/&gt;<br /> * [[Lal (actor)|Lal]] as Ramzan Ali Fukri&lt;ref name=&quot;IBT2&quot;/&gt;<br /> * [[Anu Sithara]] as Alia Ali Fukri<br /> * [[Prayaga Martin]] as Nafsi<br /> * [[Joju George]] as Usman<br /> * [[Krishna Praba]] as Clara<br /> * [[Bhagath Manuel]] as Franklin<br /> * [[Niyas Backer]] as Vasantha Kumar<br /> * [[Nirmal Palazhi]] as Kunjappu <br /> * Moideen Koya as Chief Judge<br /> * John Kaippali as Ubaid<br /> * [[Janardhanan (actor)|Janardhanan]] as Venkatesh Iyer<br /> * [[K. P. A. C. Lalitha]] as Bhagyalakshmi's Mother<br /> * [[Sreelatha Namboothiri]] as Sulaiman's Elder Sister<br /> * [[Thesni Khan]] as Nabeesa<br /> * [[Reena (actress)|Reena]] as Hajira<br /> * [[Seema G. Nair]] as Bhagyalakshmi's Relative<br /> * [[Jayakrishnan]] as Raghunath<br /> * [[Naseer Sankranthi]] as the man at the temple<br /> * Salini.R.T as Sana<br /> * Sajan Palluruthy as Driver<br /> * [[Vinayak p]] as the Hindu Priest<br /> {{colend}}<br /> <br /> ==Production==<br /> The filming started in late September. It was slated for 2016 Christmas release but due to association issues, release was delayed.&lt;ref name=&quot;MM&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;FB2&quot;/&gt; [[Jayasurya]] signed into play the lead role in Siddique's for the first time, while [[Madonna Sebastian]] was considered for one of the female leads. [[Anu Sithara]] signed into play second female lead. [[Prayaga Martin]] replaced the former.&lt;ref name=&quot;YH&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://in.news.yahoo.com/jayasuryas-fukri-prayaga-martin-replaces-071748072.html|title=Jayasurya's 'Fukri': Prayaga Martin replaces Madonna Sebastian; Anu Sithara too roped in for Siddique movie|via=News Yahoo|date=2 September 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Release==<br /> The film grossed {{INR}}1.53 crore in its opening day at Kerala box office.&lt;ref name=&quot;TOI&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/fukri-fetches-1-52-crores-on-the-first-day-of-release/articleshow/56967934.cms|title=Fukri box-office collection day 1: The film fetches 1.52 crores on the first day of release|newspaper=Times of India|date=4 February 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> *{{IMDb title|6160504}}<br /> <br /> {{Siddique (director)}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Films directed by Siddique]]<br /> [[Category:2017 films]]<br /> [[Category:2017 Malayalam-language films]]<br /> [[Category:Indian comedy-drama films]]<br /> [[Category:2017 comedy films]]<br /> <br /> <br /> {{2010s-Malayalam-film-stub}}</div>

Ellen248280 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Naadu&diff=519640 2026-03-03T02:31:20Z

<p>Ellen248280: stub</p> <hr /> <div>{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2024}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=September 2023}}<br /> {{Infobox film<br /> | name = Naadu<br /> | image = Naadu poster.jpg<br /> | caption = Theatrical release poster<br /> | director = [[M. Saravanan (film director)|M. Saravanan]]<br /> | writer = <br /> | producer = <br /> | starring = {{Plainlist|<br /> *[[Tharshan Thiyagarajah|Tharshan]]<br /> *[[Mahima Nambiar]]<br /> }}<br /> | cinematography = [[Shakthi (cinematographer)|K. A. Sakthivel]]<br /> | editing = <br /> | music = [[C. Sathya]]<br /> | studio = Sri Arch Media and Entertainment<br /> | runtime = 127 mins<br /> | distributor =<br /> | released = {{Film date|df=yes|2023|12|01|ref1=}}<br /> | country = India<br /> | language = Tamil<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''''Naadu''''' ({{Translation|Country}}) is a 2023 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[drama film]] written and directed by [[M. Saravanan (film director)|M. Saravanan]]. Produced by Narayanan Sri Arch Media and Entertainment, the film stars [[Tharshan Thiyagarajah|Tharshan]] and [[Mahima Nambiar]] in the lead roles. The music was composed by [[C. Sathya]] with cinematography by [[Shakthi (cinematographer)|K. A. Sakthivel]]. The film was released theatrically on 1 December 2023.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Tharshan-Mahima Nambiar starrer Naadu completes censorship formalities |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2023/nov/26/tharshan-mahima-nambiar-starrer-naadu-completes-censorship-formalities-49888.html |website=The New Indian Express}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Cast ==<br /> *[[Tharshan Thiyagarajah|Tharshan]] as Maari<br /> *[[Mahima Nambiar]] as Dr. Shobana<br /> *[[R. S. Shivaji]] in dual roles as Maari’s father and Maari's uncle<br /> *[[Singampuli]]<br /> *[[Aruldoss]]<br /> *Inba Ravikumar as Yogi<br /> *Vasantha<br /> <br /> == Production ==<br /> Prior to the start of production, the team engaged in a 35-day acting workshop.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=‘Naadu is not about pointing fingers at anybody’ |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2023/dec/04/naadu-is-not-about-pointing-fingers-at-anybody-2638401.html |website=The New Indian Express}}&lt;/ref&gt; The film was shot throughout 2022, and Saravanan balanced post-production work on ''[[Raangi]]'' (2022), with making ''Naadu''. It became the first film to be shot at the [[Kollimalai]] mountain range.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=1 December 2022 |title=My film with Tharshan is an emotional one based on a real-life incident: M Saravanan |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/my-film-with-tharshan-is-an-emotional-one-based-on-a-real-life-incident-m-saravanan/articleshow/95903800.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230203204418/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/my-film-with-tharshan-is-an-emotional-one-based-on-a-real-life-incident-m-saravanan/articleshow/95903800.cms |archive-date=3 February 2023 |access-date=5 December 2023 |via=The Economic Times - The Times of India}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=The first look of Tharsan-M Saravanan's Naadu out |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2022/nov/11/the-first-look-of-tharsan-m-saravanans-naadu-out-36536.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230630132432/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2022/nov/11/the-first-look-of-tharsan-m-saravanans-naadu-out-36536.html |archive-date=2023-06-30 |access-date=2023-12-05 |website=The New Indian Express}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Soundtrack ==<br /> The soundtrack was composed by [[C. Sathya]] in his fourth collaboration with Saravanan after ''[[Engaeyum Eppothum]]'', ''[[Ivan Veramathiri]]'', and ''[[Raangi]]''.<br /> <br /> {{Infobox album<br /> | name = Naadu<br /> | type = Soundtrack<br /> | artist = [[C. Sathya]]<br /> | released = 2023<br /> | recorded = <br /> | genre = [[Feature film soundtrack]]<br /> | length = 17:13<br /> | language = [[Tamil language|Tamil]]<br /> | label = [[Think Music]]<br /> | producer = [[C. Sathya]]<br /> | prev_title = [[Raangi]]<br /> | prev_year = 2022<br /> | next_title = [[Hit List (2024 film)|Hit List]]<br /> | next_year = 2024<br /> }}<br /> <br /> {{Track listing<br /> | headline = Track listing<br /> | extra_column = Singer(s)<br /> | total_length = 17:13<br /> | title1 = Yelelaai<br /> | lyrics1 = Thozhan<br /> | extra1 = Suganthi<br /> | length1 = 3:45<br /> | title2 = Malainaatile<br /> | lyrics2 = [[Karthik Netha]]<br /> | extra2 = [[Ananthu (singer)|Ananthu]]<br /> | length2 = 3:26<br /> | title3 = Dull Aavaadha<br /> | lyrics3 = [[Viveka (lyricist)|Viveka]]<br /> | extra3 = Sneha, Irfan Hyder, Vaimu<br /> | length3 = 3:12<br /> | title4 = Maavilai Maavilai Thorananga<br /> | lyrics4 = Viveka<br /> | extra4 = [[Anthony Daasan]]<br /> | length4 = 3:48<br /> | title5 = Vandhanam Vandhanam<br /> | lyrics5 = M. Saravanan<br /> | extra5 = Gold Devaraj, Muthu Sirpy, Nehru Samidurai, Puratchi Mani<br /> | length5 = 3:02<br /> }}<br /> <br /> == Release and reception ==<br /> The film had a theatrical release on 1 December 2023 across Tamil Nadu. A reviewer from ''[[Times Now]]'' noted the film was sure to make the audience &quot;question both your service to your nation and your sense of humanity&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=1 December 2023 |title=Naadu Movie Review: Mahima Nambiar, Tharshan Thiyagarajah Film Will Push You To Rethink |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/reviews/tamil/naadu-movie-review-mahima-nambiar-tharshan-thiyagarajah-film-will-push-you-to-rethink-review-105637066 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231201055447/https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/reviews/tamil/naadu-movie-review-mahima-nambiar-tharshan-thiyagarajah-film-will-push-you-to-rethink-review-105637066 |archive-date=1 December 2023 |access-date=5 December 2023 |website=TimesNow}}&lt;/ref&gt; A critic from ''[[The New Indian Express|Cinema Express]]'' wrote &quot;the melodrama in ''Naadu'' is insufferably overstated and all for a story that is flat and pretty straightforward&quot; and that &quot;''Naadu'' might have its heart in the right place but the heart pumps gallons of tears instead of blood&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Naadu Movie Review: Sheds light on a relevant issue but milks dry the melodrama |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/review/2023/dec/01/naadu-movie-reviewsheds-light-on-a-relevant-issue-but-milks-dry-the-melodrama-50063.html |website=The New Indian Express}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> * {{IMDb title|28182832}}<br /> {{M. Saravanan (film director)}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:2023 Tamil-language films]]<br /> [[Category:2023 films]]<br /> [[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]</div>

Ellen248280 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sundari_(Marathi_TV_series)&diff=538280 2026-02-26T19:41:17Z

<p>Ellen248280: Adding A Post.</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian television series}}<br /> {{About|2021 Marathi soap opera|2021 Tamil soap opera|Sundari (Tamil TV series)|2021 Malayalam soap opera|Sundari (Malayalam TV series)}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=August 2022}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2022}}<br /> {{Infobox television<br /> | image = Sundari Marathi.jpg<br /> | caption = <br /> | alt_name = <br /> | genre = [[Drama]]<br /> | executive_producer = <br /> | writer = <br /> | screenplay = <br /> | director = <br /> | starring = [[#Cast|See below]]<br /> | composer =<br /> | open_theme = &quot;Sundari&quot; by Shalmali Sukhtankar<br /> | theme_music_composer = [[Nilesh Moharir]]<br /> | country = India <br /> | language = Marathi<br /> | num_seasons = <br /> | num_episodes = 881<br /> | list_episodes = <br /> | producer = Jitendra Gupta &lt;br&gt; Mahesh Tagde<br /> | company = Tell-a-Tale Media<br /> | cinematography = <br /> | editor = <br /> | camera = [[Multiple-camera setup|Multi-camera]]<br /> | runtime = 22 minutes<br /> | network = [[Sun Marathi]]<br /> | first_aired = {{Start date|2021|10|17|df=y}}<br /> | last_aired = {{End date|2024|06|29|df=y}}<br /> | location = [[Satara district|Satara]]<br /> | related = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''''Sundari''''' is an Indian [[Marathi language]] television series which aired on [[Sun Marathi]]. It starred Aarti Birajdar, Swati Limaye and Karan Bendre in lead roles.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/popular-kannada-tv-show-sundari-to-be-remade-in-marathi/articleshow/86986801.cms|title=Popular Kannada TV show Sundari to be remade in Marathi - Times of India|date=13 October 2021|website=[[The Times of India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; It premiered from 17 October 2021 along with 4 new series. It began as a remake of the Kannada series ''Sundari''&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/kannada/marathi-remake-of-kannada-daily-show-sundari-to-air-soon/articleshow/86934728.cms|website=[[The Times of India]]|title=Marathi remake of Kannada daily show 'Sundari' to air soon - Times of India|date=11 October 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; which aired on [[Udaya TV]].<br /> <br /> ==Cast==<br /> ===Main===<br /> * Aarti Birajdar as Sundari<br /> * Aashay Kulkarni / Karan Bendre as Aditya<br /> * Swati Limaye as Anu<br /> <br /> ===Recurring===<br /> * Asmita Kale as Shakuntala<br /> * Balkrishna Shinde as Mahadev<br /> * Mrinalini Jawale as Mangal<br /> * Vandana Sardesai as Sudha<br /> * [[Vanita Kharat]] as Saheb&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/vanita-kharat-to-be-seen-in-a-negative-role-in-tv-show-sundari/articleshow/104918656.cms|title=Vanita Kharat To Be Seen In A Negative Role In TV Show 'Sundari' - Times of India|date=2 November 2023|website=[[The Times of India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * Sanjivani Samel<br /> * Pallavi Patwardhan<br /> * Chhaya Sagaonkar<br /> * Saurabh Chaughule<br /> * Varsha Dandale<br /> <br /> ===Cameo appearances===<br /> * [[Hardeek Joshi]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/hardeek-joshi-joins-the-tv-show-sundari-deets-inside/articleshow/98307836.cms|title=Hardeek Joshi joins the TV show Sundari; deets inside - Times of India|date=28 February 2023|website=[[The Times of India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * [[Apurva Nemlekar]]<br /> <br /> ==Adaptations==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;width: 100%; margin-right: 0;&quot;<br /> |- style=&quot;color:white&quot;<br /> ! Language<br /> ! Title<br /> ! Original release<br /> ! Network(s)<br /> ! Last aired<br /> ! Notes<br /> |-<br /> | [[Kannada]]<br /> | ''Sundari'' &lt;br&gt; ಸುಂದರಿ&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/kannada/newly-launched-kannada-show-sundari-to-have-its-tamil-remake-soon/articleshow/80645057.cms|title=Newly Launched Kannada Show 'Sundari' To Have Its Tamil Remake Soon - Times of India|date=2 February 2021|website=[[The Times of India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | 11 January 2021<br /> | [[Udaya TV]]<br /> | 12 August 2023 <br /> | Original<br /> |-<br /> | [[Tamil language|Tamil]]<br /> | ''[[Sundari (Tamil TV series)|Sundari]]'' &lt;br&gt; சுந்தரி<br /> | 22 February 2021<br /> | [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]]<br /> | 26 August 2023<br /> | rowspan=&quot;5&quot;| Remake<br /> |-<br /> | [[Bengali language|Bengali]]<br /> | ''Sundari'' &lt;br&gt; সুন্দরী&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/kannada/kannada-show-sundari-to-have-its-bengali-remake-soon/articleshow/84136946.cms|title=Kannada show 'Sundari' to have its Bengali remake soon - Times of India|date=5 July 2021|website=[[The Times of India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | 19 July 2021<br /> | [[Sun Bangla]]<br /> | 11 June 2023<br /> |-<br /> | [[Telugu language|Telugu]]<br /> | ''Sundari'' &lt;br&gt; సుందరి&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/kannada/kannada-show-sundari-to-have-its-telugu-remake-soon/articleshow/84606155.cms|title=Kannada show 'Sundari' to have its Telugu remake soon - Times of India|date=21 July 2021|website=[[The Times of India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | 23 August 2021<br /> | [[Gemini TV]]<br /> | 17 August 2024<br /> |-<br /> | [[Marathi language|Marathi]]<br /> | ''Sundari'' &lt;br&gt; सुंदरी<br /> | 17 October 2021<br /> | [[Sun Marathi]]<br /> | 29 June 2024<br /> |-<br /> | [[Malayalam]]<br /> | ''[[Sundari (Malayalam TV series)|Sundari]]'' &lt;br&gt; സുന്ദരി<br /> | 15 November 2021<br /> | [[Surya TV]]<br /> | 21 July 2024<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * [https://www.sunnxt.com/suntv-marathi-serial-sundari-episodeno-Jan01-2023/detail/126127/0 ''Sundari''] at [[Sun NXT]]<br /> * {{IMDb title|tt15868732}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Sun Marathi original programming]]<br /> [[Category:2021 Indian television series debuts]]<br /> [[Category:Marathi-language television shows]]<br /> [[Category:2024 Indian television series endings]]<br /> [[Category:Remakes of Indian television series]]</div>

Ellen248280 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vihaan_Malhotra&diff=544354 2026-02-19T16:50:13Z

<p>Ellen248280: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian cricketer (born 2007)}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=February 2026}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=February 2026}}<br /> {{Infobox cricketer<br /> | name = Vihaan Molhotra<br /> | birth_date = {{birth date and age |2007|1|1|df=y}}<br /> | birth_place = [[Patiala]], [[Punjab, India|Punjab]], India<br /> | batting = Left-handed<br /> | bowling = Right-arm [[Offbreak]]<br /> | role = [[All-rounder]]<br /> | source = https://www.espncricinfo.com/cricketers/vihaan-malhotra-1354132 ESPNcricinfo<br /> | date = 19 February<br /> | year = 2026<br /> | medaltemplates = {{MedalSport|Men's [[cricket]]}}<br /> {{MedalCountry|{{IND}}}}<br /> {{MedalCompetition|[[Under-19 Men's Cricket World Cup|ICC U19 World Cup]]}}<br /> {{Medal|W|[[2026 Under-19 Men's Cricket World Cup|2026 Zimbabwe &amp; Namibia]]}}<br /> {{MedalCompetition|[[Under-19 Men's Asia Cup|ACC U19 Asia Cup]]}}<br /> {{Medal|RU|[[2025 ACC Under-19 Asia Cup|2025 UAE]]}}<br /> |full_name=Vihaan Manoj Malhotra}}<br /> <br /> '''Vihaan Manoj Malhotra''' (born 1 January 2007) is an Indian [[Cricket|cricketer]] who plays as [[All-rounder]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=Razzaqui |first1=Samreen |title=U19 World Cup: Vihaan Malhotra is here for the long haul |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cricket/u19-world-cup-vihaan-malhotra-is-here-for-the-long-haul-101768322043023.html |access-date=18 February 2026 |work=Hindustan Times |date=13 January 2026 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Patiala’s Malhotra proving he is future of Indian cricket |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/cricket/patialas-malhotra-proving-he-is-future-of-indian-cricket/ |work=The Tribune |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Early life==<br /> Malhotra was born on 1 January 2007 in [[Patiala]], Punjab. His father, Manoj, an [[Engineer]] and while his mother, Poonam, is a [[Medical Doctor|Doctor]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=Kumar |first1=Amit |title=‘Mujhe Virat Kohli jaisa banna hai’: Meet Vihaan Malhotra — academic ace, crisis man and future Kohli teammate {{!}} EXCLUSIVE |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/news/mujhe-virat-kohli-jaisa-banna-hai-meet-vihaan-malhotra-academic-ace-crisis-man-and-future-kohli-teammate-exclusive/articleshow/127759723.cms |access-date=18 February 2026 |work=The Times of India |date=29 January 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=Sharma |first1=Nitin |title=U-19 World Cup: Vihaan Malhotra, the Virat Kohli tragic who wants to emulate his idol |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/cricket/u19-world-cup-vihaan-malhotra-virat-kohli-tragic-idol-10497843/ |access-date=18 February 2026 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |date=27 January 2026 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Youth career==<br /> Malhotra played age-group cricket for [[Punjab Cricket Association]] and featured in national junior tournaments.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Cricketer Vihaan Malhotra Age, Date of Birth, Profile, Cricket Career Records, Stats at Cricketnmore |url=https://www.cricketnmore.com/player-profiles/1354132/vihaan-malhotra |website=Cricketnmore}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> He was the Vice-captain of the [[India national under-19 cricket team|Indian squad]] that were runners-up at the [[2025 ACC Under-19 Asia Cup|2025 U19 Asia Cup]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=U-19 Asia Cup 2025: India beats Sri Lanka by eight wickets, sets up final against Pakistan |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/cricket/u19-asia-cup-semifinal-india-vs-sri-lanka-final-qualification-ind-vs-sl-match-report-highlights/article70415177.ece |work=Sportstar |date=19 December 2025 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Ayush Mhatre to lead India at the Men's Under-19 Asia Cup in Dubai |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ayush-mhatre-to-lead-india-at-the-men-s-under-19-asia-cup-in-dubai-1513608}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Under-19 Asia Cup: Ayush Mhatre to lead India |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sport/cricket/under-19-asia-cup-ayush-mhatre-to-lead-india/article70334136.ece |work=The Hindu |date=28 November 2025 |language=en-IN}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Malhotra was named the vice-captain of the Indian squad for the [[2026 ICC Under-19 Cricket World Cup|2026 U19 World Cup]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Who is Vihaan Malhotra? RCB starlet scores India's 1st hundred in U19 World Cup 2026 |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/cricket/story/u19-world-cup-2026-vihaan-malhotra-hundred-india-vs-zimbabwe-2858585-2026-01-27 |work=India Today |date=27 January 2026 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=Khurana |first1=Rudransh |title=Who is Vihaan Malhotra? All You Need To Know About India's Star Of U19 WC Win Vs Bangladesh |url=https://www.news18.com/cricket/who-is-vihaan-malhotra-all-you-need-to-know-about-indias-star-of-u19-wc-win-vs-bangladesh-ws-ln-9839692.html |access-date=18 February 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=India’s U-19 World Cup 2026 squad: Ayush Mhatre to lead; Vaibhav Suryavanshi selected - full team |url=https://www.olympics.com/en/news/u19-world-cup-2026-india-cricket-team-squad}}&lt;/ref&gt; During India's successful World Cup campaign, Malhotra took 5 wickets and scored 240 runs across 7 matches, which included crucial 190[[Not Out|*]] in the super-six against [[Zimbabwe national under-19 cricket team|Zimbabwe]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=U19 World Cup: Vihaan Malhotra's 109 powers India to 204-run win over Zimbabwe |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/cricket/story/vihaan-malhotra-century-india-beat-zimbabwe-u19-world-cup-super-six-clash-2858587-2026-01-27 |work=India Today |date=27 January 2026 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=Narayan |first1=Shankar |title=Under-19 World Cup 2026: Vihaan Malhotra’s unbeaten 109 sets up India’s 204-run win over Zimbabwe in Super Six opener |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/cricket/vihaan-malhotra-century-india-beat-zimbabwe-u19-world-cup-10497948/ |access-date=18 February 2026 |work=The Indian Express |date=27 January 2026 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Domestic career==<br /> He was purchased by the [[Royal Challengers Bengaluru]] ahead of the [[2026 Indian Premier League]] for ₹30 Lakh in the [[List of 2026 Indian Premier League personnel changes|auction]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=After dream RCB deal, Vihaan Malhotra stuns with 35-ball fifty in U19 Asia Cup semis |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/cricket/story/vihaan-malhotra-half-century-india-under-19-asia-cup-final-rcb-ipl-2838749-2025-12-19 |work=India Today |date=19 December 2025 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Vihaan Malhotra, Bought By RCB For IPL 2026, Smashes Ton As India Beat Zimbabwe In U19 World Cup Super 6 |url=https://sports.ndtv.com/icc-u19-world-cup-2026/vihaan-malhotra-bought-by-rcb-for-ipl-2026-smashes-ton-as-india-beat-zimbabwe-in-u19-world-cup-super-6-10895025 |access-date=18 February 2026 |publisher=NDTV}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=RCB pick Patiala all-rounder for base price of Rs 30L |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/chandigarh/rcb-pick-patiala-all-rounder-for-base-price-of-30l/ |access-date=18 February 2026 |work=The Tribune |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * {{cricinfo|id=1354132}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Malhotra, Vihaan}}<br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:2007 births]]<br /> [[Category:Indian cricketers]]<br /> [[Category:21st-century Indian sportsmen]]</div>

Ellen248280 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=M._K._Vishnu_Prasad&diff=475497 2026-02-15T09:22:56Z

<p>Ellen248280: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian politician (born 1972)}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=March 2019}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=March 2019}}<br /> {{Infobox officeholder<br /> | name = M.K.Vishnu Prasad<br /> | native_name = <br /> | birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1972|07|08}}<br /> | birth_place = Chennai<br /> | nationality = Indian<br /> | residence = East Abiramapuram, Mylapore, [[Chennai]] - 600004<br /> | education = MBBS<br /> | occupation = Doctor, Politician and Social worker<br /> | party = [[Indian National Congress]]<br /> | office = Working President, [[Tamil Nadu Congress Committee]]<br /> | term_start = 2 February 2019 <br /> | term_end = <br /> | predecessor = <br /> | successor = <br /> | office1 = [[Member of Parliament|Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha]]<br /> | primeminister1 = <br /> | constituency1 = [[Cuddalore (Lok Sabha constituency)|Cuddalore]]<br /> | term_start1 = 4 June 2024<br /> | term_end1 = <br /> | predecessor1 = [[T. R. V. S. Ramesh]]<br /> | successor1 = <br /> | constituency2 = [[Arani (Lok Sabha constituency)|Arani]]<br /> | term_start2 = 23 May 2019<br /> | term_end2 = 4 June 2024<br /> | predecessor2 = [[V. Elumalai]]<br /> | successor2 = [[M. S. Tharanivendhan]]<br /> | office3 = [[Member of the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly]]<br /> | termstart3 = 11 May 2006<br /> | termend3 = 13 May 2011<br /> | predecessor3 = P. S. Ulagarakshagan<br /> | successor3 = N. Subramaniyam<br /> | constituency3 = [[Cheyyar Assembly constituency|Cheyyar]]<br /> | relations = Brother in law [[Anbumani Ramadoss]]&lt;br/&gt;Sister Sowmya Anbumani <br /> | image = M. K. Vishnu Prasad.png<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''M. K. Vishnu Prasad''' (8 July 1972)&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=M K Vishnu Prasad |url=https://indianexpress.com/about/m-k-vishnu-prasad/ |access-date=2024-12-30 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; is an Indian politician from [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://myneta.info/ls2014/candidate.php?candidate_id=6289|title=M.K.Vishnu Prasad(Indian National Congress(INC)):Constituency- ARANI(TAMIL NADU) - Affidavit Information of Candidate|website=myneta.info|access-date=2019-04-29}}&lt;/ref&gt; He is the working president of Tamil Nadu Congress Committee of [[Indian National Congress]] party.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Change in Tamilnadu Congress Leadership |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/tn-congress-announces-change-leadership-ks-alagiri-appointed-president-96132 |accessdate=31 March 2019 |publisher=The News Minute |date=2 February 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; He was a former Tamil Nadu Youth Congress president for the year 2003.<br /> <br /> == Early life and education ==<br /> Prasad is born in Chennai to [[M. Krishnasamy]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |date=25 May 2019 |title=Sons &amp; daughters rise on Tamil Nadu's political horizon |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/sons-daughters-rise-on-tns-political-horizon/articleshow/69489742.cms |accessdate=8 February 2021 |work=Julie Mariappan |publisher=[[The Times of India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; and KV Chitra. He married V Sangeetha. He completed MBBS at Madras Medical College, Chennai, and is a practicing doctor.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Career==<br /> MK Vishnu Prasad was the organizing secretary, and later president of the Tamil Nadu Youth Congress from 2003 to 2006. He was elected as a member to the 13th [[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly]] from [[Cheyyar Assembly constituency]] in [[Tiruvannamalai]] district of [[Tamil Nadu]], from 2006-2011.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Cheyyar assembly election results |url=https://resultuniversity.com/election/cheyyar-tamil-nadu-assembly-constituency#2006 |accessdate=31 March 2019 |publisher=resultuniversity.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> During his period as a MLA of Cheyyar Constituency, he was instrumental in establishing the Cheyyar SIPCOT Industrial park, which now provides employment to over 30000 people.{{Citation needed|date=December 2024}}<br /> <br /> He won the [[2019 Indian general election]] from [[Arani (Lok Sabha constituency)]] representing [[Indian National Congress]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/lok-sabha-2019-full-list-dmk-led-alliance-candidates-tn-puducherry-99346|title=Full list DMK led alliance candidates|access-date=29 April 2019|publisher=The News Minute}}&lt;/ref&gt; and was elected to the 17th Lok Sabha. He won from the [[Cuddalore Lok Sabha constituency]] as an INC candidate in the [[2024 Indian general election in Tamil Nadu|2024 Indian general election]]. He is the working president of the Tamil Nadu Congress Committee.<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> {{17th LS members from Tamil Nadu}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Prasad, M. K. Vishnu}}<br /> [[Category:1976 births]]<br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Tamil Nadu]]<br /> [[Category:India MPs 2019–2024]]<br /> [[Category:Tamil Nadu MLAs 2006–2011]]<br /> [[Category:India MPs 2024–2029]]<br /> [[Category:Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance candidates in 2024 Indian general election]]</div>

Ellen248280 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zainulabedin_Gulamhusain_Rangoonwala&diff=546439 2026-02-12T06:22:16Z

<p>Ellen248280: Adding Details.</p> <hr /> <div>{{short description|Indian activist}}<br /> {{more citations needed|date=July 2016}}<br /> &lt;!-- Don't mess with this line! --&gt;{{Infobox person<br /> | honorific_prefix =<br /> | name = Zainulabedin Gulamhusain Rangoonwala<br /> | image = Zain Rangoonwala.jpg<br /> | birth_date = {{birth date|1913|7|1|mf=y}}<br /> | birth_place = [[Rangoon]], [[Burma]]<br /> | death_date = {{death date|1994|5|28|mf=y}} (age 80)<br /> | death_place = [[Peterborough]], [[United Kingdom]]<br /> | known_for = Cooperative Banking and Social work<br /> | boards = Bombay Mercantile Cooperative Bank Ltd.,<br /> [[Air India]]<br /> | awards = Padmashri 1984, <br /> Rajiv Gandhi Medal of Merit 1992<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Zainulabedin Gulamhusain Rangoonwala''' (July 1, 1913 – May 28, 1994) was the co-founder and managing director of the [[Bombay Mercantile Co-operative Bank]]. This became one of the largest cooperative banks in India and also in Asia.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.bmcbankltd.com/history.asp|title=history|website=www.bmcbankltd.com|access-date=2016-07-04|archive-date=2016-07-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160728120653/http://www.bmcbankltd.com/history.asp|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://zaroori.org/searchBusiness/Ahmedabad/Bombay%20Mercantile%20Co%20Op%20Bank%20Ltd%20-%20Bmc%20near%20Gandhi%20Road/7|title=Zaroori.org Bombay Mercantile Co Op Bank Ltd - Biz Info|access-date=2016-07-06|archive-date=2016-08-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160816124037/http://zaroori.org/searchBusiness/Ahmedabad/Bombay%20Mercantile%20Co%20Op%20Bank%20Ltd%20-%20Bmc%20near%20Gandhi%20Road/7|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Early life and career ==<br /> Born on 1 July 1913 in Rangoon, Burma and orphaned at the age of twelve, Rangoonwala had his early education at a boarding school and after matriculation joined Davar's College for acquiring necessary knowledge in banking, co-operation and accountancy. He started his career with the Central Bank of India - under the guidance of Sir [[Sorabji Pochkhanawala]] who trained and mentored him in practical banking.<br /> <br /> The experience of seven years with [[Central Bank of India]] brought him closer to the operations and functioning of various banks. He was convinced that though the commercial banks mobilised deposits from all, including the hard-earned savings of the poor masses, they served the interest of a few business houses. He observed that the banks neglected their socio-economic obligations towards the common man and only catered to the financial needs of the elite. Moved with the exploitation of the masses by the then capitalist society, he determined to establish a bank &quot;of the people, for the people, by the people&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> Way back in 1939, the country was passing through major disruptions with the struggle for Independence and the &quot;[[Quit India movement]]&quot; gaining momentum. The end of British rule appeared almost certain. With this background he realised that establishing a Commercial Bank would not achieve his objective of Gandhian &quot;[[Swaraj]]&quot;, but rather aggravate the imbalances between the &quot;haves&quot; and the &quot;have-nots&quot;. Rangoonwala felt that the real solution to the problem of freedom from slavery did not depend on the exit of the British alone, but in the economic emancipation of the masses at large. Thus he pledged to serve the poor taxiwalas, small shopkeepers, petty traders and artisans who had no tangible securities to offer except their sincere and dedicated zeal to uplift their present lot. Finding his strength in the neglected masses he made a humble beginning by establishing a Cooperative Credit Society on 2 June 1939 with a meagre paid-up Share Capital of Rs. 10,600/- and with the patronage and help of Khan Bahadur Shaikh Mohamedally Allahu the founder Chairman of the Bank.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.rupeetimes.com/banks/bombay_mercantile_cooperative_bank_limited.html|title=Bombay Mercantile Co-operative Bank Limited : Rupee Times|website=www.rupeetimes.com|access-date=2016-07-06|archive-date=2016-07-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160708125843/http://rupeetimes.com/banks/bombay_mercantile_cooperative_bank_limited.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Initially, Rangoonwala was a one-man band, having to perform many different functions from cleaner, negotiator and clerk to accountant and scribe, for in the infant stage of the Society it did not have resources to employ paid workers. By the end of the second year, Rangoonwala's efforts bore results and the society showed promises of growth. The share capital of the bank gradually increased, encouraging Rangoonwala to convert the credit society into an Urban Cooperative Bank and on 14 February 1941, Bombay Muslim Cooperative Bank was formed. The bank functioned based on the principles of Islamic economics, being less dependent on interest and having more of a vested interest in the business models of the ventures it supported.<br /> <br /> After independence, India adopted a secular and socialist pattern of society. Rangoonwala, a firm follower of Gandhian principles and a true patriot was the first to open the doors of the Cooperative bank to all citizens of the country, irrespective of caste, creed and religion.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|date=15 September 1984|title=A Glorious Career|journal=The Architect of Cooperative Banking}}&lt;/ref&gt; Accordingly, the Bombay Muslim Cooperative Bank was renamed as Bombay Mercantile Cooperative Bank on 11 November 1949, to establish a secular character. Since then the bank grew rapidly, and now{{When|date=December 2018}} has 52 branches all over India. The bank was the first urban cooperative bank in Mumbai and now has over a million patrons and 190,000 share holders, the vast majority of which belong to the lower middle class.{{Citation needed|date=December 2018}} The bank continues its focus of socioeconomic development in the marginalized communities where it gained credibility,{{According to whom|date=December 2018}} promoting artisans, women entrepreneurs, self-employment schemes and micro-financing.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.bmcbankltd.com/history2.asp|title=history|website=www.bmcbankltd.com|access-date=2016-07-04|archive-date=2016-08-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160807143725/http://www.bmcbankltd.com/history2.asp|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Philanthropy ==<br /> Rangoonwala, both privately and through the bank, was a regular contributor to many charitable organisations. He coordinated efforts with the Prime Ministers relief funds whenever calamities had befallen different parts of India and brought healthcare to villages where it was previously unheard of. The bank was able to establish a medical centre equipped with X-ray machines and gave free medicines and treatments to the local population through the collaboration with the government medical colleges. The head office was also named the Zain G Rangoonwala building in recognition of his dedication to the field of cooperative banking.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/profiles/companies/8155702Z:IN-bombay-mercantile-co-operative-bank-ltd|title=Bombay Mercantile Co-operative Bank Ltd: Company Profile|website=Bloomberg|access-date=2016-07-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> As a banker, Rangoonwala came into contact with a broad cross-section of society but his efforts were mainly directed to help the poor. This was reflected in the many schemes and programs he established to improve the lot of the common man.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Message in recognition of the award of Padmashri|last=Zakaria|first=Rafiq|date=10 August 1984}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Padma shri ==<br /> [[File:Padmashri_award.jpg|thumb|His Excellency Giani Zail Singh, President of India, presenting the award of Padma Shri to Zainulabedin Gulamhusain Rangoonwala]]<br /> Rangoonwala was the first banker to be honoured with the [[Padma Shri]], the fourth highest civilian award in the republic of India, in recognition of his services to the Cooperative Banking Movement.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf|title=Padma Awards List|date=1984|website=Padma Awards Directory|publisher=Ministry of Home Affairs|access-date=July 5, 2016|archive-date=October 15, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151015193758/http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; The title of [[Padma Shri]] was conferred upon him in the field of social work, in acknowledgement of his contribution to the progress of socio-economic development.<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> * [[Rafiq Zakaria]]<br /> * [[List of Padma Shri award recipients (1980–89)]]<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> * http://www.bmcbankltd.com<br /> <br /> {{Padma Shri Award Recipients in Social Work}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Rangoonwala, Zainulabedin Gulamhusain}}<br /> [[Category:1913 births]]<br /> [[Category:1994 deaths]]<br /> [[Category:Indian bankers]]<br /> [[Category:Burmese emigrants to India]]<br /> [[Category:Activists from Yangon]]<br /> [[Category:Dawoodi Bohra people]]</div>

Ellen248280 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=N._S._Satya_Murthy&diff=519539 2026-02-08T17:59:05Z

<p>Ellen248280: added</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian physicist}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=May 2017}}<br /> {{Infobox scientist<br /> |name = N. S. Satya Murthy<br /> |image =<br /> |alt = <br /> |caption = <br /> |birth_name = Nivarthi Suryanarayanashastry Satya Murthy<br /> |birth_date = {{Birth date|df=y|1936|2|5}}<br /> |birth_place = India<br /> |death_date = {{Death date and age|df=y|1984|10|8|1936|2|5}}<br /> |death_place = <br /> |fields = {{ublist | [[Nuclear physics]] }}<br /> |workplaces = {{ublist | [[Bhabha Atomic Research Centre]] }}<br /> |alma_mater = {{ublist | [[University of Bombay]] }}<br /> |doctoral_advisor = {{ublist | }}<br /> |known_for = Studies on molecular [[reaction dynamics]]<br /> |awards = {{ublist| 1980&amp;nbsp;[[Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize]] }}<br /> }}<br /> '''Nivarthi Suryanarayanashastry Satya Murthy''' (5 February 1936 – 8 October 1984) was an Indian physicist and the head of the Nuclear Physics Division of the [[Bhabha Atomic Research Centre]]. Known for his research in molecular [[reaction dynamics]], Murthy was an elected fellow of the [[Indian National Science Academy]], [[National Academy of Sciences, India]] and [[Indian Academy of Sciences]]. The [[Council of Scientific and Industrial Research]], the apex agency of the [[Government of India]] for scientific research, awarded him the [[Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology]], one of the highest Indian science awards,&lt;ref name=&quot;SHANTI SWARUP BHATNAGAR AWARD FOR GENOMICS AND MOLECULAR WORK IN PULSES&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.icrisat.org/shanti-swarup-bhatnagar-award-for-genomics-and-molecular-work-in-pulses/ |title=SHANTI SWARUP BHATNAGAR AWARD FOR GENOMICS AND MOLECULAR WORK IN PULSES |date=27 September 2016 |publisher=ICRISAT |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161028150943/http://www.icrisat.org/shanti-swarup-bhatnagar-award-for-genomics-and-molecular-work-in-pulses/ |archive-date=28 October 2016 }}&lt;/ref&gt; for his contributions to physical sciences in 1980.&lt;ref name=&quot;View Bhatnagar Awardees&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://ssbprize.gov.in/Content/AwardeeList.aspx |title=View Bhatnagar Awardees |publisher=Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize |date=2016 |access-date=12 November 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161016194310/http://ssbprize.gov.in/Content/AwardeeList.aspx |archive-date=16 October 2016 }}&lt;/ref&gt;{{Refn|group=note|Long link – please select award year to see details}}<br /> <br /> == Biography ==<br /> [[File:BARC nuclear reactor.JPG|thumb|235px|Bhabha Atomic Research Centre]]<br /> N. S. Satya Murthy, who held a PhD from [[University of Bombay]] (1967), served as an assistant director at the [[Bhabha Atomic Research Centre]] and as the head of the Nuclear Physics Division of the institution.&lt;ref name=&quot;Deceased fellow&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://insaindia.res.in/detail/N81-0713 |title=Deceased fellow |date=2017 |publisher=Indian National Science Academy |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170425205030/http://insaindia.res.in/detail/N81-0713 |archive-date=25 April 2017 }}&lt;/ref&gt; His research was focused on [[Magnet|magnetic materials]] and his studies of the materials with the help of [[thermal neutrons]] have widened the understanding of the subject.&lt;ref name=&quot;Brief Profile of the Awardee&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://ssbprize.gov.in/Content/Detail.aspx?AID=332 |title=Brief Profile of the Awardee |date=2017 |publisher=Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize |access-date=12 November 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; Murthy and his team were credited with the discovery of novel magnetic structures and a polarizer for thermal neutrons. His contributions have been reported in the design of neutron facilities of the [[Dhruva reactor]] and he led a group of scientists who conceptualized and fabricated several components of the [[Nuclear reactor|reactor]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Deceased fellow&quot; /&gt; Murthy also contributed in developing [[superconducting magnet]]s at BARC and his work assisted in the development of ''Yafet-Kittel type of [[ferrimagnetism]]''.&lt;ref name=&quot;Handbook of Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize Winners&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.csirhrdg.res.in/ssb.pdf |title=Handbook of Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize Winners |publisher=Council of Scientific and Industrial Research |date=1999 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304043957/http://www.csirhrdg.res.in/ssb.pdf |archive-date=4 March 2016 |access-date=25 April 2017 }}&lt;/ref&gt; His studies have been documented by way of a number of articles{{Refn|group=note|Please see ''Selected bibliography'' section}} and the article repository of the [[Indian Academy of Sciences]] has listed 23 of them.&lt;ref name=&quot;Browse by Fellow&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://repository.ias.ac.in/view/fellows/Satya_Murthy=3ANivarthi_Suryanarayana=3A=3A.html |title=Browse by Fellow |date=2017 |publisher=Indian Academy of Sciences |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170425115001/http://repository.ias.ac.in/view/fellows/Satya_Murthy%3D3ANivarthi_Suryanarayana%3D3A%3D3A.html |archive-date=25 April 2017 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Besides, he published a monograph, ''Magnetism'', along with L. Madhav Rao&lt;ref name=&quot;MurthyRao1985&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author1=N. S. Satya Murthy |author2=L. Madhav Rao |title=Magnetism |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=A9rvAAAAMAAJ |year=1985 |publisher=Indian National Science Academy |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170425122051/https://books.google.com/books?id=A9rvAAAAMAAJ |archive-date=25 April 2017 }}&lt;/ref&gt; and his work has been cited by other scientists.&lt;ref name=&quot;Honig2012&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=J Honig |title=Preparation and Characterization of Materials |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KtNqVqclQKcC&amp;pg=PA131 |date=2 December 2012 |publisher=Elsevier |isbn=978-0-323-14435-3 |pages=131– |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170425130853/https://books.google.com/books?id=KtNqVqclQKcC&amp;pg=PA131 |archive-date=25 April 2017 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|title=Indian Journal of Pure &amp; Applied Physics |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5WLyAAAAMAAJ |year=1992 |publisher=Council of Scientific &amp; Industrial Research | isbn=9788185038964 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170425130840/https://books.google.com/books?id=5WLyAAAAMAAJ |archive-date=25 April 2017 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|title=Proceedings of the Nuclear Physics and Solid State Physics Symposium |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VLMZAAAAIAAJ |year=1975 |publisher=Department of Atomic Energy, Government of India. |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170425124302/https://books.google.com/books?id=VLMZAAAAIAAJ |archive-date=25 April 2017 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Murthy introduced such experimental techniques as the [[Compton edge|Compton profile spectroscopy]], [[Mossbauer spectroscopy]] and [[Raman spectroscopy]] at BARC and pioneered basic research on subjects like electron states, of cooperative effects and long wavelength [[Excitation (magnetic)|excitation]]s.&lt;ref name=&quot;Deceased fellow&quot; /&gt; He contributed to the establishment of the [[Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology]] and was one of the founders of the Magnetics Society of India where he also served as the vice president. Murthy coordinated academic courses on ''Magnetism'' and ''Integrated Circuits'' for Indian Physics Association and was the general secretary of the organization for two terms from 1973 to 1977.&lt;ref name=&quot;Executive Committees of IPA&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.ipa1970.org.in/pastexlist.php |title=Executive Committees of IPA |date=2017 |publisher=Indian Physics Association |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170411060234/http://www.ipa1970.org.in/pastexlist.php |archive-date=11 April 2017 |access-date=25 April 2017 }}&lt;/ref&gt; He was also an editorial board member of the [[Bulletin of Materials Science]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Deceased fellow&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> Satya Murthy died on 8 October 1984, at the age of 48.&lt;ref name=&quot;Fellow profile&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.ias.ac.in/describe/fellow/Satya_Murthy,_Dr_Nivarthi_Suryanarayana |title=Fellow profile |date=2017 |publisher=Indian Academy of Sciences |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170425120051/http://www.ias.ac.in/describe/fellow/Satya_Murthy%2C_Dr_Nivarthi_Suryanarayana |archive-date=25 April 2017 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Awards and honors ==<br /> The [[Indian Academy of Sciences]] elected Murthy as a fellow in 1975.&lt;ref name=&quot;Fellow profile&quot; /&gt; The Council of Scientific and Industrial Research awarded him the [[Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize]], one of the highest Indian science awards in 1979.&lt;ref name=&quot;CSIR list of Awardees&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.csir.res.in/careeraward/prize-winner-indexdiscipline-wise |title=CSIR list of Awardees |date=2017 |publisher=Council of Scientific and Industrial Research |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170409021146/http://www.csir.res.in/careeraward/prize-winner-indexdiscipline-wise |archive-date=9 April 2017 }}&lt;/ref&gt; He became an elected fellow of the [[Indian National Science Academy]] in 1981.&lt;ref name=&quot;INSA Year Book 2016&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.insaindia.res.in/pdf/YearBook_2016.pdf |title=INSA Year Book 2016 |date=2017 |publisher=Indian National Science Academy |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161104001952/http://www.insaindia.res.in/pdf/YearBook_2016.pdf |archive-date=4 November 2016 |access-date=25 April 2017 }}&lt;/ref&gt; He was also a life member of the Magnetics Society of India.&lt;ref name=&quot;Deceased fellow&quot; /&gt; The Indian Physics Association has instituted an annual award, ''N. S. Satya Murthy Memorial Award'' for recognizing research excellence in physical sciences among young scientists.&lt;ref name=&quot;N. S. Satya Murthy Memorial Award in Physics for Young Scientists&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.ipa1970.org.in/nsabout.php |title=N. S. Satya Murthy Memorial Award in Physics for Young Scientists |date=2017 |publisher=Indian Physics Association |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170425122823/http://www.ipa1970.org.in/nsabout.php |archive-date=25 April 2017 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Dr Sudarshan Ananth: NS Satya Murthy Memorial Award&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.iiserpune.ac.in/news/dr-sudarshan-ananth-ns-satya-murthy-memorial-award |title=Dr Sudarshan Ananth: NS Satya Murthy Memorial Award |date=2017 |publisher=IISER Pune |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170425120634/http://www.iiserpune.ac.in/news/dr-sudarshan-ananth-ns-satya-murthy-memorial-award |archive-date=25 April 2017 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Selected bibliography ==<br /> * {{Cite journal |author1=Madhav Rao, L. |author2=Satya Murthy, N. S. |author3=Venkataraman, G. |author4=Iyengar, P. K. |title=Neutron scattering from paramagnetic chromium halides |journal=Physics Letters A |publication-date=1968 |volume=26 |issue=3 |pages=108–109 |doi=10.1016/0375-9601(68)90501-X|bibcode=1968PhLA...26..108M }}<br /> * {{Cite journal |author1=Youssef, S. I. |author2=Natera, M. G. |author3=Begum, R. J. |author4=Srinivasan, B. S. |author5=Satya Murthy, N. S. |title=Polarised neutron diffraction study of nickel ferrite |journal=Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids |publication-date=1969 |volume=30 |issue=8 |pages=1941–1948 |doi=10.1016/0022-3697(69)90170-X|bibcode=1969JPCS...30.1941Y }}<br /> * {{Cite journal |author1=Paranjpe, S. K. |author2=Tendulkar, S. R. |author3=Madhav Rao, L. |author4=Satya Murthy, N. S. |title=Non-spherical magnetic moment in MnAlGe |journal=Pramana - Journal of Physics |publication-date=1974 |volume=3 |issue=6 |pages=355–362 |doi=10.1007/BF02846630|bibcode=1974Prama...3..355P |s2cid=119448541 }}<br /> * {{Cite journal |author1=Dharmadurai, G. |author2=Satya Murthy, N. S. |title=Self-heating-induced phenomena in long reentrant ferromagnetic thin film superconductors |journal=Physics Letters A |publication-date=1980 |volume=75 |issue=80 |pages=395–397 |doi=10.1016/0375-9601(80)90852-X|bibcode=1980PhLA...75..395D }}<br /> * {{Cite journal |author1=Satya Murthy, N. S. |author2=Madhav Rao, L. |title=Thermal neutron polarisation |journal=Pramana - Journal of Physics |publication-date=1984 |volume=22 |issue=3–4 |pages=313–328 |doi=10.1007/BF02846383|bibcode=1984Prama..22..313S |s2cid=189882809 }}<br /> <br /> == See also ==<br /> {{Div col|colwidth=30em}}<br /> * [[Magnetic moment]]<br /> * [[Neutron scattering]]<br /> {{div col end}}<br /> {{portal|India|Physics}}<br /> <br /> == Notes ==<br /> {{reflist|group=note|2}}<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{reflist|30em}}<br /> <br /> {{SSBPST recipients in Physical Science}}<br /> {{Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Laureates of Tamil Nadu}}<br /> <br /> {{authority control}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Satya Murthy, N. S.}}<br /> [[Category:1936 births]]<br /> [[Category:1984 deaths]]<br /> [[Category:Indian nuclear physicists]]<br /> [[Category:20th-century Indian physicists]]<br /> [[Category:University of Mumbai alumni]]<br /> [[Category:Recipients of the Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Award in Medical Science]]<br /> [[Category:Fellows of the Indian Academy of Sciences]]<br /> [[Category:Fellows of the Indian National Science Academy]]</div>

Ellen248280 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jyoti_Jibon_Ghosh&diff=506771 2026-02-07T23:09:19Z

<p>Ellen248280: put up</p> <hr /> <div>{{short description|Bengali revolutionary (1910–1968)}}<br /> {{Infobox person<br /> | name = Jyoti Jibon Ghosh<br /> | image = <br /> | caption = <br /> | birth_date = 1910<br /> | birth_place = [[Hooghly District|Hoogli]], [[British India]]<br /> |death_date = 1968<br /> | death_place = Jharkhand<br /> | occupation = Revolutionary<br /> | organization = [[Bengal Volunteers]]<br /> | movement = [[Indian Freedom Movement]]<br /> | known for = <br /> | citizenship = <br /> | footnotes = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Jyoti Jibon Ghosh''' (1910 – 1968),&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=Rammanohar Lohia|last=Volume 9|year=1990|isbn=9788171002511}}&lt;/ref&gt; was an Indian revolutionary and member of the [[Bengal Volunteers]] who carried out assassinations against British colonial officials in an attempt to secure Indian independence.&lt;ref name=&quot;mymedinipur&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://mymedinipur.com/medinipur-freedom-movement-freedom-fighter/Jyotijiban-Ghosh/freedom-fighters-of-undivided-medinipur/freedom-fighters-of-bengal|website=mymedinipur.com|title=Jyoti Jibon Ghosh -medinipur-freedom-movement-freedom-fighter-mymedinipur|access-date=February 19, 2022|archive-date=March 2, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220302102942/https://mymedinipur.com/medinipur-freedom-movement-freedom-fighter/Jyotijiban-Ghosh/freedom-fighters-of-undivided-medinipur/freedom-fighters-of-bengal|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; He is a close associate of revolutionary [[Dinesh Gupta]].<br /> <br /> == Family ==<br /> Ghosh was born in Dhamasin village, [[Hooghly district]] in 1910. His father was Jamini Jibon Ghosh. He enrolled in I.Sc. in [[Midnapore College]] and joined the Bengal Volunteers, a revolutionary organisation in [[British India]]. His family joined the [[Indian freedom movement]]. His brother Prof. Binoy Jibon Ghosh was dismissed from service for having a connection with the [[Swadeshi movement]]. Another brother Naba Jibon Ghosh committed suicide while imprisoned by the British. His younger brother [[Nirmal Jibon Ghosh]] was also a freedom fighter.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=y1Pclr-6w94C&amp;q=Nirmal+Jiban+Ghosh&amp;pg=PA44|title=Rammanohar Lohia|last=Volume 9|year=1990|isbn=9788171002511|access-date=February 24, 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FTNFDwAAQBAJ&amp;q=Nirmal+Jiban+Ghosh&amp;pg=PT164|title=Human Rights and Peace: Ideas, Laws, Institutions and Movements|last=Ujjwal Kumar Singh|date=14 January 2009|isbn=9789352801626|access-date=February 24, 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hssXP1hBYscC&amp;q=Bhattacharya+killed+magistrate+Douglas&amp;pg=PA254|title=History of the Freedom Movement in India (1857–1947)|last=S. N. Sen|year=1997|isbn=9788122410495|access-date=March 11, 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Revolutionary activities ==<br /> [[Dinesh Gupta]] fought in the Battle of the [[Writers' Building|Writers Building's]] Verandah and survived.&lt;ref name=&quot;bp&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last=Mohanta |first=Sambaru Chandra |year=2012 |chapter=Gupta, Dinesh Chandra |chapter-url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Gupta,_Dinesh_Chandra |editor1-last=Islam |editor1-first=Sirajul |editor1-link=Sirajul Islam |editor2-last=Jamal |editor2-first=Ahmed A. |title=Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh |edition=Second |publisher=[[Asiatic Society of Bangladesh]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; After discussion it was decided by the Bengal Volunteers group that the first target would be [[District Magistrate]] James Peddy. Peddy would beat the salt ''satyagrahis'' to unconsciousness and killed some of them by kicking them. Further, he kicked unarmed women on the open streets, beat them and left them. A list of four names was sent to the Calcutta Headquarters of the Bengal volunteers for approval. They were Shashanka Dasgupta, Phani Kundu, Ghosh, and [[Bimal Dasgupta]]. On 7 April at around 5:00 p.m Peddy came to the fair with two officers, 16 trained police dogs, and 16 body guards for prize distribution. He was busy in the exhibition when Ghosh and Dasgupta shot at him. After the shootout they snatched a cycle and fled to the Salbani Jungle, there they boarded at different railway stations and reached [[Purulia]]. After that they spent some days in [[Asansol]] and [[Kolkata]]. Dasgupta's uncle Hiralal Dasgupta refused to give information about Peddys' killers and lost his job.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://indiankanoon.org/doc/600128/|title= Emperor vs Nirmal Jiban Ghose And Ors. on 30 August, 1934| access-date= October 28, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; He worked in [[Jharia coalfield]] for a period.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=Chronological Dictionary of India's Independence|last=Kali Charan Ghosh|publisher=Sahitya Sansad|year=2012|isbn=978-81-86806-20-3|location=Kolkata|pages=87}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==After independence==<br /> <br /> After the murder of Bernard E. J. Burge, District Magistrate for Midnapur, Ghosh was a suspect, and imprisoned for some time (till 1946). His brother [[Nirmal Jibon Ghosh]] was hanged in Medinipur Central Jail on 26 October 1934. His family did not allow him to make contact with the Bengal Volunteers group. He later stayed with his brother Binoy Jiban Ghosh in Kolkata.<br /> <br /> After independence he spend his life as monk later he made contact with [[Ananta Singh]], a former revolutionary who participated in the [[Chittagong armoury raid]] in 1930. This period of his life is controversial. In the 1960s banks were frequently robbed in Calcutta, where Singh's name featured. He published a series of writings in local papers still remembering and revering the revolutionary nationalists. His family told [[Bimal Dasgupta]] that he had committed suicide. Although it is said that after regular police harassment he and most of the members of his group, fled (in 1964) to a forest near Jaduguda in the present-day Jharkhand state in late 1960s, where he died.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url=https://www.bhavans.info/heritage/martyrs.asp| title=FLASH BACK : Three Collectors Killed: More Martyrs Born| publisher=bhavans.info| access-date=December 21, 2021| archive-date=January 19, 2022| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220119075232/https://www.bhavans.info/heritage/martyrs.asp| url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=বেঙ্গল ভলান্টিয়ার |last= MADHUMANTI SENGUPTA |publisher= Ananda Publishers |date= January 1, 2016 |isbn=978-9389876772|location= Kolkata |pages=}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> {{Indian Revolutionary Movement}}<br /> {{Authority control}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Ghosh, Jyoti Jibon}}<br /> [[Category:1910 births]]<br /> [[Category:1968 deaths]]<br /> [[Category:Revolutionary movement for Indian independence]]<br /> [[Category:Indian nationalism]]<br /> [[Category:Indian people convicted of murder]]<br /> [[Category:People from Hooghly district]]<br /> [[Category:Revolutionaries from West Bengal]]<br /> [[Category:Indian independence activists from Bengal]]</div>

Ellen248280 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Brihaspati_Kund&diff=492366 2026-02-06T13:48:32Z

<p>Ellen248280: created the entry v1</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Crater in India}}<br /> <br /> {{Multiple issues|<br /> {{Orphan|date=November 2022}}<br /> {{AI-generated|date=June 2025}}<br /> }}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}<br /> '''Brihaspati Kund''' ([[Hindi]]: बृहस्पति कुण्ड) is a natural crater located in [[Panna District]] of the [[Bundelkhand]] region of [[Madhya Pradesh]], India.<br /> == History ==<br /> According to local legends, Brihaspati Kund was named after the Hindu deity Brihaspati (Jupiter), who is believed to have meditated here. It is considered a sacred site by many locals, and some visitors offer prayers near the water body during auspicious days.<br /> <br /> == Accessibility ==<br /> Brihaspati Kund is located approximately 38 km from Panna and around 33 km from Kalinjar Fort. The site is accessible via road and is best reached by private vehicle or local transport from nearby towns like Amanganj and Ajaigarh.<br /> <br /> == Tourism ==<br /> The Kund is a popular seasonal destination, especially during and after the monsoon, when water flows into the natural crater, creating small waterfalls and a serene landscape. There are natural rock formations around the site, making it ideal for trekking, photography, and picnics.<br /> <br /> == Cultural Significance ==<br /> During local festivals or Shravan month, people visit Brihaspati Kund for religious offerings. Some consider its water spiritually purifying, and it also serves as a social gathering place for nearby villages.<br /> <br /> == In popular culture ==<br /> Parts of the 2017 Hindi film ''Fukrey Returns'' were shot at Brihaspati Kund. A notable scene featuring the characters Choocha, Hunny, and Lali was filmed against the backdrop of the rocky cliffs and natural surroundings of the location.{{citation needed|date=June 2025}}<br /> <br /> <br /> &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Brihaspati Kund at Panna District Official Website|url=http://panna.nic.in/falls.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * [https://www.indiawilds.com/diary/in-danger-natural-cultural-heritage-of-brihaspati-kund/ &quot;In Danger: Natural &amp; Cultural Heritage of Brihaspati Kund&quot;] at India Wilds<br /> <br /> {{coord|24.844|80.486|display=title}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:River valleys of India]]<br /> [[Category:Tourist attractions in Panna district]]<br /> <br /> {{Sagar-geo-stub}}</div>

Ellen248280 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sunder_Sukka&diff=538295 2026-02-05T22:26:50Z

<p>Ellen248280: Adding Post.</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian painter}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=February 2020}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=February 2020}}<br /> {{Multiple issues|<br /> {{over-quotation|date=December 2018}}<br /> {{like resume|date=December 2018}}<br /> }}<br /> '''Sunder Sukka''' (born 18 August 1978) is an Indian artist (painter) from Mahboobnagar district of [[Telangana State]] in India. He is the son of a Golla Suddula performer. Golla Suddula performance is an art form which makes people aware of the [[socioeconomic]], political and cultural conditions with an underlying message so that they can fight for their rights.<br /> <br /> == Early life and background ==<br /> Sukka has had his work exhibited at numerous art galleries since 2007 and hosted his first solo show in 2014, when he exhibited 24 collections of artwork entitled 'Discourse of a People.' It took Sukka some time to host his first solo show as not many were willing to let him host one.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title = Memories turned into art|url = https://www.deccanchronicle.com/140824/lifestyle-booksart/article/memories-turned-art|website = Deccan Chronicle|access-date = 2015-12-23}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> All the paintings, whether it is the recurring figure of lambs and sheep, or men and women from the village, were taken from the personal experiences of Sukka. When asked, Sukka explained that his paintings are an attempt to capture the artist communities which are disappearing as 'things are changing in the villages.'<br /> <br /> == Career ==<br /> Sukka’s interest with art began when he was in school and found that he had a talent for drawing. His first effort was an impressively accurate drawing of Rani Rudramadevi, which impressed the Elders at home. His other early inspiration was his brother who is a signboard artist. He later did paintings of leaders and as a young school boy, made greeting cards for friends and relatives, all with great encouragement from other students and teachers.&lt;ref name=Hindu1&gt;{{Cite news|title = Narratives of rural life|url = https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/art/sukka-sunder-narrates-rural-life-with-his-art-work/article6356582.ece|newspaper = The Hindu|date = 2014-08-28|access-date = 2015-12-23|issn = 0971-751X|language = en-IN}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> With Sukka’s interest in art continuing, he joined [[Bachelor of Fine Arts]] to pursue it seriously because objects such as lanterns, issurayyi'', rolu- rokali'' looked interesting to him. He also enjoyed exploring extinct art forms and occupations like ''budaga'', ''angalollu, gangireddulollu, kommollu, sodi chepetollu, budabudukalollu'' and others, in part in order to recapture art forms he witnessed growing up in his village which now are lost. In his painting 'the morning clock' the village woman is compared to the morning clock who works out her daily activities like a cock or hen.&lt;ref name=Hindu1 /&gt;<br /> <br /> == Personal life ==<br /> The relationship that [[rural]] folk develop with their livestock in their daily survival etc. is a recurring theme throughout his paintings. This relation is an outcome of the society and &quot;the socialist ideology&quot; that he had developed over the years. Sukka's father worked as a labourer in [[Madhya Pradesh]] and thus, Sukka's work was often painted to reflect the feelings of other villagers, like his father, who had left home and their families to work as migrant labourers.&lt;ref name=Hindu1 /&gt;<br /> <br /> Sukka is married to [[Karuna Sukka]] and they have a daughter.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title = లవ్ Heart|url = http://www.sakshi.com/news/features/sundar-and-karuna-love-story-194480 |website = www.sakshi.com|date = 13 December 2014 |accessdate = 2015-12-23}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Awards ==<br /> Sukka received the 'Ambadas Mahurkar Award' presented by the Konaseema chitrakala parishad, Amalapuram organisation in 2007. He also received the 'Junior fellowship’ award by the Ministry of Culture, [[New Delhi]] for the year 2011-13.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web | url=http://www.indiaculture.nic.in/sites/default/files/Schemes/fellowship%202011-12.pdf | title=List of Selected Candidates for the Award of Junior and Senior Fellowships for 2011-12 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210930154019/http://www.indiaculture.nic.in/sites/default/files/Schemes/fellowship%202011-12.pdf | archive-date=2021-09-30}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Exhibitions ==<br /> <br /> === Solo show ===<br /> Sukka had his first solo show in Hyderabad in 2014. The exhibition of paintings was titled ‘Discourse of Life’ at Tamkanat Art Gallery.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title = Lifestyle expo|url = https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/lifestyle-expo/article6367584.ece|newspaper = The Hindu|date = 2014-09-01|access-date = 2015-12-23|issn = 0971-751X|language = en-IN}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title = From the Memoirs of His Childhood|url = http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/hyderabad/From-the-Memoirs-of-His-Childhood/2014/08/29/article2403460.ece|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151224103903/http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/hyderabad/From-the-Memoirs-of-His-Childhood/2014/08/29/article2403460.ece|url-status = dead|archive-date = 24 December 2015|website = The New Indian Express|accessdate = 2015-12-23}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> '''Two man show:'''<br /> Sukka has also had a two man show with [[Karuna Sukka]], his wife, in Hyderabad in 2011, displaying the painting and prints at the Shrishti Art Gallery.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title = Tales from the village|url = https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/tales-from-the-village/article2678993.ece|newspaper = The Hindu|date = 2011-12-02|access-date = 2015-12-23|issn = 0971-751X|language = en-IN}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> '''Group shows:'''<br /> <br /> Over time, Sukka has had many shows, ranging from as early as 2007 to 2015.<br /> <br /> '''2007'''<br /> * &quot;Heart to Art&quot;, A group show of Paintings, Prints and Sculptures, Chitramayee State Gallery of Fine Arts, Hyderabad.<br /> * &quot;Look Again&quot; A group show of Paintings, Drawings and Graphics, at Hasta Art Gallery, Hyderabad.<br /> '''2012'''<br /> * &quot;Regional Art Exhibition&quot;, organized by [[Lalit Kala Akademi|Lalit kala Akademi]], at Lalit kala Akademi Chennai.<br /> * &quot;Jiva&quot; An Art Exhibition, organized by Icon Art Gallery, Hyderabad, India.<br /> * &quot;Art Exhibition on Bio-Diversity&quot;, organized by Department of Culture, State Gallery of Fine Arts Hyderabad, A.P.<br /> <br /> '''2013'''<br /> * &quot;Genesis of Memorabilia, An Exhibition of Paintings, Ailamma Art Gallery, Hyderabad.<br /> * '''&quot;'''Art Jamboree 2013&quot;, conducted by Daira Center for Arts and Culture at Taj Deccan, Hyderabad.<br /> * &quot;Creations- old and new&quot; An exhibition of Sculptures, paintings and prints, Art gallery, PST University, Hyderabad.<br /> <br /> * '''&quot;'''Within Reach-IV&quot; group show, Nvya Art Gallery, New Delhi.<br /> <br /> '''2014'''<br /> * ‘Art @Telangana’, Salarjung Museum, Hyderabad. <br /> * ‘Art @Telangana’, Metropolis World Congress, Hyderabad. <br /> * An art exhibition of paintings and sculptures, at Muse Art Gallery, Hyderabad.<br /> * &quot;''Kotha Panduga''&quot;, First Native Telangana Artists Painting Exhibition at Chitramayee state Gallery of Fine Arts, Hyderabad, organized by Telangana Artists Forum. <br /> * &quot;Art exhibition of paintings and sculptures, conducted by Telangana Tourism Department at Taramathi Bhiradari, Hyderabad. <br /> * &quot;''Art as Investment''', Tamkanat Art Gallery, Hyderabad.<br /> * &quot;''Inaugural show''&quot; of Tamkanat Art Gallery, Hyderabad.<br /> '''2015'''<br /> <br /> * &quot;Affordable and Utilitarian Art Fair&quot; of Shrishti Art Gallery, Hyderabad, January 2015.<br /> <br /> * &quot;Hyderabad Art Fete- 2015&quot; organized by Hyderabad Art Society, at Muse Art Gallery, Hyderabad.<br /> <br /> == Art camps ==<br /> Sukka was also involved in various art camps from 2004 to 2015. These have been listed below.<br /> <br /> '''2004'''<br /> * Annual Artist Camp, Central University, Hyderabad.<br /> * Print making camp under Pinaki Barua from Shantineketan at Hyderabad Central University.<br /> <br /> * Young Artists Camp- organized by State Art Gallery of Fine Arts, Hyderabad.<br /> <br /> '''2006'''<br /> <br /> * A.P. State artist camp– Organized by Department of Culture, Warangal.<br /> <br /> '''2007'''<br /> <br /> * A.P. State artist camp organized by Department of Culture, Hyderabad.<br /> <br /> '''2012'''<br /> <br /> * National Artists Art Camp at Deccan Art Foundation, Hyderabad.<br /> <br /> '''2013'''<br /> * Art camp organized by A P Tourism Department in Nagarjuna konda, A.P.<br /> <br /> * Workshop: Innovating traditions: interactive use of techniques between Nakashi and contemporary artist, organized by Icon Art Gallery, Hyderabad, A.P.<br /> <br /> '''2014'''<br /> * &quot;Telangana Art Camp&quot; of Art@Telangana, at Taramathi Biradari premises - 2014, held on the occasion to mark the Historical event of formation of new state of Telangana, Hyderabad.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Art @ Telangana |url=http://www.artattelangana.org/index.php |website=www.artattelangana.org |accessdate=2015-12-23}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> '''2015'''<br /> * ‘''Painting Art Camp’'' Organized by MCHRD, Main Office, Hyderabad.<br /> <br /> == Collections ==<br /> * MCHRD, Hyderabad<br /> * Department of folk culture - PST University, Warangal.<br /> * [[Apollo Hospitals]], Hyderabad<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{authority control}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Sukka, Sunder}}<br /> [[Category:1978 births]]<br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:Indian male painters]]<br /> [[Category:People from Mahbubnagar district]]<br /> [[Category:Painters from Telangana]]</div>

Ellen248280 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chakrapani_Dasa&diff=493171 2026-02-03T09:18:43Z

<p>Ellen248280: created the post needs work</p> <hr /> <div>&lt;!-- Important, do not remove anything above this line before article has been created. --&gt;<br /> {{Short description|Poet, feudal king and Buddhist scholar during late 9th century}}<br /> {{distinguish|Chakrapani Datta}}<br /> {{use Indian English|date=February 2016}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2021}}<br /> {{Infobox royalty<br /> | name = Chakrapani Dasa<br /> | title = '''Deva Pradhana'''&lt;br/&gt;'''Mahātmā'''&lt;br/&gt;'''Mahakavi'''<br /> | image =<br /> | caption =<br /> | succession = Chief of Devas<br /> | predecessor = [[Tankapani Dasa]]<br /> | successor = Dhiradasa &lt;br/&gt; Suradasa<br /> | dynasty = Barendra Dasa (later, known as the Munshis of [[Kadirpara Estate|Kadirpara]]-[[Chougachi Estate|Chougachi]])<br /> | father = Tankapani Dasa<br /> | mother = <br /> | reign = 9th century<br /> | religion = [[Hinduism]]<br /> | spouse = <br /> | issue = dhiradasa &lt;br/&gt; Suradasa<br /> }}<br /> '''Chakrapani Dasa''' was a Bengali [[poet]], feudal king and [[Buddhist]] scholar from [[Bengal]] during 9th century.&lt;ref name=&quot;auto1&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title='বঙ্গের জাতীয় ইতিহাস' (কায়স্থ কাণ্ড) (Banger Jatiya Itihasa, Kayastha Kanda)|last=[[Nagendranath Basu]]|date=1937 |publisher=[[Uttarpara Public Library]]|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.353523|page=220}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;auto3&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last=Ghosh |first=Santanu |title=মুন্সীয়ানায় চল্লিশ পুরুষ |language=bn |publisher=Kamalini |location=Kolkata |year=2016 |page=22}}&lt;/ref&gt; He belonged to the Das family belonging to the [[Bengali Kayastha|Barendra Kayastha]] clan, which later became famous as Munshi family since his descendant [[Munshi Balaram Das]] was appointed as the court [[Munshi]] by [[Raja Sitaram Ray]] during 17th century. His descendants had cantrolled over [[Kadirpara Estate]] and [[Chougachi Estate]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=Jashor Khulnar Itihash|last=Satish Chandra Mitra|date=2001 |publisher=Dey's Publishing|isbn=81-7612-766-3|page=637}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=Jashor Khulnar Itihash|last=Satish Chandra Mitra|date=2001 |publisher=Dey's Publishing|isbn=81-7612-766-3|page=639}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=Raja Sitaram Ray|last=Jadunath Bhattacharya|date=1910 |publisher=Nagendranath Seal|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.317009/page/n83/mode/2up|page=69}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last=Ghosh |first=Santanu |title=মুন্সীয়ানায় চল্লিশ পুরুষ |language=bn |publisher=Kamalini |location=Kolkata |year=2016 |page=48}}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> {{History of Bengal}}<br /> Chakrapani Dasa, son of Tankadas (also known as Tankapani Dasa, the chief royal [[scribe]] to [[Dharmapala of Bengal]]) has been called as the 'Chief of Devas' by poet Kashidasa in ''Varendrakaranabarnana''.{{refn|group=note|During that period, samantas were commonly addressed by the honorifics 'Deva' or 'Thakur'. Chakrapani is believed to have been one such samanta-ruler.&lt;ref name=&quot;auto3&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last=Ghosh |first=Santanu |title=মুন্সীয়ানায় চল্লিশ পুরুষ |language=bn |publisher=Kamalini |location=Kolkata |year=2016 |page=22}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}&lt;ref name=&quot;auto1&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title='বঙ্গের জাতীয় ইতিহাস' (কায়স্থ কাণ্ড) (Banger Jatiya Itihasa, Kayastha Kanda)|last=[[Nagendranath Basu]]|date=1937 |publisher=[[Uttarpara Public Library]]|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.353523|page=220}}&lt;/ref&gt; According to [[Nagendranath Basu]], he became famous as 'Mahakavi' (Great Poet) during his era.&lt;ref name=&quot;auto2&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title='বঙ্গের জাতীয় ইতিহাস' (কায়স্থ কাণ্ড) (Banger Jatiya Itihasa, Kayastha Kanda)|last=[[Nagendranath Basu]]|date=1937 |publisher=[[Uttarpara Public Library]]|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.353523|page=222}}&lt;/ref&gt; He has been mentioned as ''Chakadas'' in [[Tibetan Buddhist canon|''Tibetan Buddhist text'']].&lt;ref name=&quot;auto1&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title='বঙ্গের জাতীয় ইতিহাস' (কায়স্থ কাণ্ড) (Banger Jatiya Itihasa, Kayastha Kanda)|last=[[Nagendranath Basu]]|date=1937 |publisher=[[Uttarpara Public Library]]|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.353523|page=220}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Mahamahopadhyaya]] [[Satish Chandra Vidyabhusan]] dedicated a scholarly essay titled '''Kayastha Chakadas''' in his name.&lt;ref name=&quot;auto2&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title='বঙ্গের জাতীয় ইতিহাস' (কায়স্থ কাণ্ড) (Banger Jatiya Itihasa, Kayastha Kanda)|last=[[Nagendranath Basu]]|date=1937 |publisher=[[Uttarpara Public Library]]|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.353523|page=222}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last=Vidyabhusan |first=Satish Chandra |title=Kayastha Chakadas |language=bn |publisher=Sahitya Parishad Patrika |year=1906 |page=254}}&lt;/ref&gt; During Chakrapani, [[Brahmin]]s started gaining prominence in the royal court of [[Devapala of Bengal|Devapala]], the third [[Pala Emperor]]. According to Santanu Ghosh, due to Brahmin intrigue, Chakrapani left [[Pataliputra]], the capital of [[Pala Empire]] with his sons dhiradasa and Suradasa, and later settled in [[Barendra]].&lt;ref name=&quot;auto3&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last=Ghosh |first=Santanu |title=মুন্সীয়ানায় চল্লিশ পুরুষ |language=bn |publisher=Kamalini |location=Kolkata |year=2016 |page=22}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;auto2&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title='বঙ্গের জাতীয় ইতিহাস' (কায়স্থ কাণ্ড) (Banger Jatiya Itihasa, Kayastha Kanda)|last=[[Nagendranath Basu]]|date=1937 |publisher=[[Uttarpara Public Library]]|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.353523|page=222}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title='বঙ্গের জাতীয় ইতিহাস' (কায়স্থ কাণ্ড) (Banger Jatiya Itihasa, Kayastha Kanda)|last=[[Nagendranath Basu]]|date=1937 |publisher=[[Uttarpara Public Library]]|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.353523|page=223}}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> ==Family tree==<br /> *Mankhadasa <br /> **[[Tankapani Dasa]]<br /> ***[[Chakrapani Dasa]]<br /> ****Dhiradasa <br /> ****Suradasa (settled in [[Barendra]])<br /> *****Sridhara<br /> ******Bhudhara<br /> ******Gadadhara<br /> *******Rajyadhara (Cooch Behar)<br /> ********Arya Sridhara ([[Samanta|Samantapradhana]] at [[Kamrupa]])<br /> *********Dharadhara (also known as Lakshmikara Thakur)<br /> **********Sulapani (also known as Bangsadhara Thakur)<br /> ***********Pinakapani<br /> ************Tankapani<br /> *************Ratnapani<br /> **************Narasimha Das (also known as Narahari Das, Naradev Das, and Naradasa Thakur, contemporary of [[Sena dynasty|Sena Emperor]] [[Ballal Sena]])<br /> ***************Mahasamanta Vatudasa<br /> ****************Mahamandalik [[Shridharadasa]]<br /> ***************Patudas (childless)<br /> ***************Bhuvanadi<br /> ***************Sridharadas (revered in [[Barendra]] society)<br /> ***************Hayagriva<br /> ***********Chakrapani (also known as Bangsadhara Thakur)<br /> ************Devadhara (also known as Sridhara Thakur, [[Mantri]] of [[Nanyadeva]], founder of the [[Karnats of Mithila|Karnat dynasty of Mithila]])&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title='বঙ্গের জাতীয় ইতিহাস' (কায়স্থ কাণ্ড) (Banger Jatiya Itihasa, Kayastha Kanda)|last=[[Nagendranath Basu]]|date=1937 |publisher=[[Uttarpara Public Library]]|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.353523|page=244}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last=Ghosh |first=Santanu |title=মুন্সীয়ানায় চল্লিশ পুরুষ |language=bn |publisher=Kamalini |location=Kolkata |year=2016 |page=7}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> ==Notes==<br /> {{reflist|group=note}}<br /> == References ==<br /> &lt;!-- Inline citations added to your article will automatically display here. See en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:REFB for instructions on how to add citations. --&gt;<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> [[Category:9th-century Hindus]]<br /> [[Category:Indian male poets]]<br /> [[Category:Hindu poets]]<br /> [[Category:People from the Pala Empire]]<br /> [[Category:Year of death missing]]</div>

Ellen248280 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gully_Boy_(soundtrack)&diff=501373 2026-01-22T03:57:25Z

<p>Ellen248280: created initial stub first draft</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Soundtrack album for the 2019 Gully Boy film}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=March 2021}}<br /> {{Infobox album<br /> | name = Gully Boy<br /> | type = soundtrack<br /> | artist = [[Divine (rapper)|DIVINE]], [[Naezy]], Dub Sharma, Ankur Tewari, Spitfire, Sez on the Beat, [[Rishi Rich]], [[Raghu Dixit]], [[MIDIval Punditz]], [[Karsh Kale]], Chandrashekhar Kunder, [[Jasleen Royal]], [[Mikey McCleary]], Ace, [[Ishq Bector]], Prem-Hardeep, Viveick Rajagopalan and Kaam Bhaari<br /> | cover = Gully Boy soundtrack.jpg<br /> | alt = <br /> | released = 24 January 2019<br /> | recorded = 2015–2019<br /> | venue = <br /> | studio = <br /> | genre = * [[Film soundtrack]]<br /> * [[Music of Bollywood|Bollywood]]<br /> * [[Indian hip hop]]<br /> | length = {{Duration|m=46|s=38}}<br /> | language = [[Hindi]]<br /> | label = [[Zee Music Company]]<br /> | producer = <br /> | compiler = Ankur Tewari<br /> | prev_title = <br /> | prev_year = <br /> | next_title = <br /> | next_year = <br /> | misc = {{External media<br /> | audio1 = {{YouTube|Wp31HBq3BG4|Audio Jukebox}}<br /> }}<br /> }}<br /> &lt;!-- Note: The following pages were redirects to [[Gully_Boy_(soundtrack)]] before draftification:<br /> *[[Draft:Gully Boy (soundtrack)]]<br /> --&gt;<br /> <br /> '''''Gully Boy''''' is the soundtrack album for the 2019 film [[Gully Boy|of the same name]] directed by [[Zoya Akhtar]]. The soundtrack includes work by [[Divine (rapper)|DIVINE]], [[Naezy]], Sez on the Beat, [[Rishi Rich]], Dub Sharma, [[Jasleen Royal]], Ace, [[Ishq Bector]], MC Altaf, MC TodFod, 100RBH, Maharya, Noxious D, Viveick Rajagopalan, and others.&lt;ref name=&quot;scroll.in&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|last=Ghosh|first=Devarsi|title='Gully Boy' music: Four years, 18 songs, 54 collaborators, and an 'absolutely nuts' Ranveer Singh|url=https://scroll.in/reel/908804/gully-boy-music-four-years-18-songs-54-collaborators-and-an-absolutely-nuts-ranveer-singh|access-date=10 December 2019|website=Scroll.in|date=27 January 2019 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Ankur Tewari, the music supervisor who also compiled the soundtrack stated that he aimed to &quot;bring the two worlds of [[hip hop]] and [[Bollywood]] together&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;scroll.in&quot; /&gt; Initial development for the soundtrack began on late 2015.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Ramnath|first=Nandini|title=Zoya Akhtar on 'Gully Boy': 'I wanted Murad to be the kind of man I want to see in the world'|url=https://scroll.in/reel/913542/zoya-akhtar-on-gully-boy-i-wanted-murad-to-be-the-kind-of-man-i-want-to-see-in-the-world|access-date=2021-03-20|website=Scroll.in|date=17 February 2019 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2019-04-12|title=Charting Gully Boy's impact on Mumbai's hip-hop scene — from new record labels to bringing the genre into the limelight |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/charting-gully-boys-impact-on-mumbais-hip-hop-scene-from-new-record-labels-to-bringing-the-genre-into-the-limelight-6430591.html|access-date=2021-03-20|website=Firstpost}}&lt;/ref&gt; With Tewari being the music supervisor and compiler of the entire soundtrack and score, multi-instrumentalist [[Karsh Kale]], a band member of Tewari's The Ghalat Family also worked in the project in late November 2018.&lt;ref name=&quot;scroll.in&quot; /&gt; Becoming one of the most anticipated soundtracks of [[Bollywood]], Tewari stated that the &quot;artists of the scene would get their much-deserved due through this film and soundtrack&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The 'Gully Boy' Soundtrack Co-Opts – but Also Gives Credit to the Street|url=https://thewire.in/the-arts/the-gully-boy-soundtrack-coopts-but-also-gives-credit-to-the-street|access-date=2021-03-20|website=The Wire}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Rapper Dino James: Only after 'Gully Boy' masses actually became aware about hip-hop music - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/music/news/rapper-dino-james-only-after-gully-boy-masses-actually-became-aware-about-hip-hop-music/articleshow/81044512.cms|access-date=2021-03-20|website=The Times of India|date=17 February 2021 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Rise of the street beat: India spits rhymes in Hindi, Malayalam, Tamil, Odia|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/magazine/2020/oct/11/rise-of-the-street-beat-india-spits-rhymes-in-hindi-malayalam-tamil-odia-2207716.html|access-date=2021-03-20|website=The New Indian Express|date=10 October 2020 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> It was released at a promotional launch event on 12 January 2019 and also in the music streaming platforms, the same day.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Gully Boy music launch: Ranveer Singh and Alia Bhatt set the stage on fire|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/photo/gully-boy-music-launch-ranveer-singh-and-alia-bhatt-set-the-stage-on-fire-1438967-2019-01-25|access-date=2021-03-20|website=India Today|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; The soundtrack received exceptionally positive reviews from critics and audiences for keeping away with the cliches and stereotypes, being regularly produced in Bollywood film albums which was considered as the highlight.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=2019-02-09|title=Gully Boy's music is the hallmark of change in Bollywood|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/music/gully-boy-music-review-songs-5575915/|access-date=2021-03-20|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; The soundtrack became one of the best Hindi albums in 2019;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=World Music Day Special: Best Bollywood albums of last decade|url=https://www.filmfare.com/features/world-music-day-special-best-bollywood-albums-of-last-decade-41678.html|access-date=2021-03-20|website=filmfare.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Nair|first=Vipin|date=2019-12-30|title=Bollywood music: A decade of highs and lows|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/bollywood-music-a-decade-of-highs-and-lows/article30435226.ece|access-date=2021-03-20|issn=0971-751X}}&lt;/ref&gt; apart from receiving numerous accolades, the album shared the [[Screen Award for Best Music Director|Screen Awards]] and [[Filmfare Award for Best Music Director|Filmfare Awards]] for Best Music Direction with ''[[Kabir Singh]]'' (another film released in 2019).&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Release==<br /> The soundtrack launch was a heavily promoted pre-release event and its musical launch was quite unusual for a mainstream Bollywood film. The film's audio was launched on 12 January 2019, at special event and a promotional music concert held in [[Byculla]], [[Mumbai]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; The film's lead actor Ranveer Singh performed live on stage along with actress [[Alia Bhatt]] and several other rappers and singers who have contributed to the film’s music.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2019-01-12|title=Gully Boy music launch: Ranveer Singh performs, Alia Bhatt hypes up audience, jukebox out|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/gully-boy-music-launch-ranveer-singh-performs-alia-bhatt-hypes-up-audience-jukebox-out/story-ZPYfNGr6JpWxUcY78WEOnM.html|access-date=2021-03-20|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Ranveer Singh to rap live at the music launch of Gully Boy|url=https://www.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/ranveer-singh-to-rap-live-at-the-music-launch-of-gully-boy-32214.html|access-date=2021-03-20|website=filmfare.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; In addition to the soundtrack release, the album was made available in music streaming platforms and [[YouTube]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2019-01-12|title=Gully Boy music launch: Highlights|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/gully-boy-music-launch-ranveer-singh-live-updates-5554027/|access-date=2021-03-20|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Citation|title=Gully Boy - Full Movie Audio Jukebox {{!}} Ranveer Singh &amp; Alia Bhatt {{!}} DIVINE &amp; Naezy|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wp31HBq3BG4|language=en|access-date=2021-03-20}}&lt;/ref&gt; The televised version of the launch event was aired through [[Amazon Prime Video]] (which acquired the film's streaming rights) on 26 January 2019.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2019-01-26|title=Gully Boy Live in Concert on Amazon Prime Video: A sensory overload|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/gully-boy-live-in-concert-amazon-prime-video-review-5579520/|access-date=2021-03-20|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Irrespective of the soundtrack release, a promotional single for the film, &quot;NY Se Mumbai&quot;, was released on 9 February 2019 and performed by [[Divine (rapper)|DIVINE]], [[Naezy]] and [[Ranveer Singh]], along with American rapper [[Nas]]. The track was produced by XD Pro Music, a [[Toronto]] based producer duo, and Ill Wayno.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2019-02-12|title=Hear Nas Jump In with Divine and Naezy on 'NY Se Mumbai' -|url=https://rollingstoneindia.com/hear-nas-jump-divine-naezy-ny-se-mumbai/|access-date=2021-03-20|website=My Site|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Reception ==<br /> Swetha Ramakrishnan of ''[[Firstpost]]'' reviewed it as &quot;the best thing about the Gully Boy soundtrack is that not one song feels stretched. Each track is paced well; in fact, very often you are left wanting more.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2019-01-14|title=Gully Boy music review: A rousing, eclectic soundtrack that sets the benchmark for a trailblazing genre |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/gully-boy-music-review-a-rousing-eclectic-soundtrack-that-sets-the-benchmark-for-a-trailblazing-genre-5963241.html|access-date=2021-03-20|website=Firstpost}}&lt;/ref&gt; Avinash Ramachandran of ''[[Cinema Express]]'' stated that the soundtrack is a &quot;much needed revolution in the Indian music scene&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Gully Boy Music Review: This album serves as the first step towards the much-needed revolution in the Indian music scene|url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/stories/trends/2019/jan/30/gully-boy-music-review-this-album-serves-as-the-first-step-towards-the-much-needed-revolution-in-th-9863.html|access-date=2021-03-20|website=[[Cinema Express]]|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Apoorva Nijhara of ''[[Pinkvilla]]'' assigned a score of 80 (out of 100) in her music review, praising the composers and music producers for creating &quot;a perfect combination of high tempo rap, soft songs and poems&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Gully Boy Music Review: Ranveer Singh's film jukebox is a PERFECT combo of rap, soft music with social message|url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/reviews/gully-boy-music-review-ranveer-singh-s-film-jukebox-perfect-combo-rap-soft-music-social-message-438403|access-date=2021-03-20|website=PINKVILLA|date=25 January 2019 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Priyanka Bansal of ''[[The Quint]]'' reviewed &quot;Gully Boy’s music retains the original essence of the street-rap genre. One can only hope that with all the other trends that Gully Boy is setting, honest music from independent artists makes its way into the mainstream.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Bansal|first=Priyanka|date=2019-02-22|title=Gully Boy's Street-Flavoured Music is the Underdog's War Cry|url=https://www.thequint.com/entertainment/gully-boy-music-rap-politically-charged|access-date=2021-03-20|website=TheQuint|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Suanshu Khurana of ''[[The Indian Express]]'' stated &quot;Gully Boy’s music is the hallmark of change in Bollywood, which is getting stuck in the rut of regularity quite easily these days.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Joginder Tuteja of ''[[Bollywood Hungama]]'' reviewed it as a &quot;trippy&quot; soundtrack, further stating, &quot;An experimental score, this one has few songs in there which are potential chartbusters in the making&quot; and gave a rating of 3.5 out of 5.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Hungama|first=Bollywood|title=Gully Boy Music Review - Bollywood Hungama|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |date=14 February 2019 |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/gully-boy/songs/music-critic-review/|access-date=2021-03-20|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Vipin Nair of Music Aloud gave 4 out of 5 to the soundtrack stating it as an exceptional one, comparing to the director's previous films.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2019-01-19|title=Gully Boy – Music Review (Bollywood Soundtrack)|url=https://www.musicaloud.com/2019/01/30/gully-boy-music-review-bollywood-soundtrack/|access-date=2021-03-20|website=Music Aloud}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Track listing ==<br /> {{Track listing<br /> | extra_column = Singer(s)<br /> | lyrics2 = {{Hlist|[[Divine (rapper)|DIVINE]]|[[Naezy]]}}<br /> | total_length = 46:38<br /> | title1 = Asli Hip Hop<br /> | extra1 = [[Ranveer Singh]]<br /> | lyrics1 = Spitfire<br /> | music1 = Spitfire<br /> | length1 = 1:40<br /> | title2 = Mere Gully Mein<br /> | extra2 = {{Hlist|Ranveer Singh|DIVINE|Naezy}}<br /> | length4 = 2:15<br /> | title5 = Train Song<br /> | music2 = {{Hlist|DIVINE|Naezy|Sez on the Beat}}<br /> | title3 = Doori Poem<br /> | extra3 = Ranveer Singh<br /> | lyrics3 = [[Javed Akhtar]]<br /> | music3 = [[Rishi Rich]]<br /> | length3 = 1:05<br /> | title4 = Doori<br /> | extra4 = Ranveer Singh<br /> | music4 = Rishi Rich<br /> | lyrics4 = {{Hlist|Javed Akhtar|DIVINE}}<br /> | music9 = {{Hlist|DIVINE |Dub Sharma}}<br /> | headline = <br /> | extra5 = {{Hlist|Raghu Dixit|Karsh Kale}}<br /> | music5 = {{Hlist|[[MIDIval Punditz]]|[[Karsh Kale]]|[[Raghu Dixit]]}}<br /> | lyrics5 = {{Hlist|Javed Akhtar|Karsh Kale|Gaurav Raina|Tapan Raj}}<br /> | length5 = 3:58<br /> | title6 = Jingostan Beatbox<br /> | extra6 = Dub Sharma<br /> | music6 = Dub Sharma<br /> | lyrics6 = Dub Sharma<br /> | length6 = 2:21<br /> | title7 = Sher Aaya Sher<br /> | extra7 = DIVINE<br /> | music7 = Chandrashekar Kunder<br /> | lyrics7 = DIVINE<br /> | length7 = 2:14<br /> | title8 = Jahaan Tu Chala<br /> | extra8 = Jasleen Royal<br /> | music8 = [[Jasleen Royal]]<br /> | lyrics8 = Aditya Sharma<br /> | length8 = 2:20<br /> | title9 = Azadi<br /> | extra9 = {{Hlist|DIVINE |Dub Sharma}}<br /> | length2 = 3:05<br /> | lyrics9 = {{Hlist|DIVINE |Dub Sharma}}<br /> | extra12 = Ranveer Singh<br /> | length11 = 2:18<br /> | extra10 = {{Hlist|Ranveer Singh|[[Vibha Saraf]]}}<br /> | music10 = {{Hlist|Ankur Tewari|Karsh Kale}}<br /> | lyrics10 = {{Hlist|Kaam Bhaari|Ankur Tewari}}<br /> | length10 = 3:33<br /> | title11 = Kaam Bhaari<br /> | extra11 = Kaam Bhaari<br /> | music11 = {{Hlist|Ankur Tewari|Kaam Bhaari}}<br /> | lyrics11 = Kaam Bhaari<br /> | extra14 = Ankur Tewari<br /> | music14 = {{Hlist|Ankur Tewari|[[Mikey McCleary]]}}<br /> | title12 = Ek Hee Raasta<br /> | music12 = Rishi Rich<br /> | lyrics12 = Javed Akhtar<br /> | length12 = 1:11<br /> | title13 = Apna Time Aayega<br /> | extra13 = {{Hlist|Ranveer Singh|DIVINE}}<br /> | lyrics13 = {{Hlist|DIVINE•Ankur Tewari}}<br /> | music13 = {{Hlist|Dub Sharma|DIVINE}}<br /> | length13 = 2:20<br /> | title14 = Jeene Mein Aaye Maza<br /> | length9 = 2:35<br /> | title10 = Kab Se Kab Tak<br /> | lyrics14 = Ankur Tewari<br /> | length14 = 3:19<br /> | title15 = Har Gham Mein Khushi Hai<br /> | extra15 = Ace, Ishq Bector<br /> | music15 = [[Ishq Bector]]<br /> | lyrics15 = Ace<br /> | length15 = 2:48<br /> | title16 = Jingostan<br /> | extra16 = Dub Sharma<br /> | music16 = Dub Sharma<br /> | lyrics16 = Dub Sharma<br /> | length16 = 2:34<br /> | title17 = Goriye<br /> | extra17 = {{Hlist|[[Kaka Bhaniawala]]|Arjun|Blitz|Desi Ma}}<br /> | music17 = {{Hlist|Prem|Hardeep}}<br /> | lyrics17 = {{Hlist|Bhinder Khanpuri|Arjun|Blitz|Desi Ma}}<br /> | length17 = 3:48<br /> | title18 = India 91<br /> | extra18 = {{Hlist|MC Altaf|MC TodFod|100RBH|Maharya|Noxious D}}<br /> | music18 = {{Hlist|Viveick Rajagopalan|Akshay Dhawan}}<br /> | lyrics18 = {{Hlist|MC Altaf|MC TodFod|100RBH|Maharya|Noxious D|MC Mawali}}<br /> | length18 = 3:14<br /> }}<br /> <br /> == Accolades ==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> !Date of ceremony<br /> !Award<br /> !Category<br /> !Recipient(s) and nominee(s)<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; class=&quot;unsortable&quot; |Result<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; class=&quot;unsortable&quot; |{{abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}}<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[26th Screen Awards|8 December 2019]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Screen Awards]]<br /> |[[Screen Award for Best Music Director|Best Music Director]] &lt;small&gt;(Shared with [[Kabir Singh]])&lt;/small&gt;<br /> |''Gully Boy''<br /> | {{won}}<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=9 December 2019|title=Winners of Star Screen Awards 2019|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/winners-star-screen-awards-2019/|access-date=18 February 2020|website=Bollywood Hungama}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |[[Screen Award for Best Lyricist|Best Lyricist]]<br /> |[[Divine (rapper)|DIVINE]] &amp; Ankur Tewari – &quot;Apna Time Aayega&quot;<br /> | {{won}}<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |[[65th Filmfare Awards|15 February 2020]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |[[Filmfare Awards]]<br /> |[[Filmfare Award for Best Music Director|Best Music Director]] &lt;small&gt;(Shared with Kabir Singh)&lt;/small&gt;<br /> |''Gully Boy''<br /> | {{won}}<br /> | rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=NOMINATIONS FOR 65TH AMAZON FILMFARE AWARDS 2020|url=https://www.filmfare.com/awards/filmfare-awards-2020/nominations|access-date=18 February 2020|website=Filmfare}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=WINNERS OF THE 65TH AMAZON FILMFARE AWARDS 2020|url=https://www.filmfare.com/awards/filmfare-awards-2020/winners|access-date=18 February 2020|website=Filmfare}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=31 January 2020|title=Technical Nominations for the 65th Amazon Filmfare Awards 2020|url=https://www.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/technical-nominations-for-the-65th-filmfare-awards-2020_-38868.html|access-date=18 February 2020|website=Filmfare}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=2 February 2020|title=65th Amazon Filmfare Award 2020 Technical and Short Film award winners|url=https://www.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/65th-amazon-filmfare-awards-technical-and-short-film-award-winners-38901.html|access-date=18 February 2020|website=Filmfare}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |[[Filmfare Award for Best Lyricist|Best Lyricist]]<br /> |DIVINE &amp; Ankur Tewari – &quot;Apna Time Aayega&quot;<br /> | {{won}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[Filmfare Award for Best Sound Design|Best Sound Design]]<br /> |Ayush Ahuja<br /> | {{nom}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[Filmfare Award for Best Background Score|Best Background Score]]<br /> |[[Karsh Kale]] &amp; The Salvage Audio Collective<br /> | {{won}}<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;10&quot; |19 February 2020<br /> | rowspan=&quot;10&quot; |[[Mirchi Music Awards]]<br /> |[[Mirchi Music Award for Song of The Year|Song of The Year]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |&quot;Apna Time Aayega&quot;<br /> | {{nom}}<br /> | rowspan=&quot;10&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nominations for the 12th Smule Mirchi Music Awards 2020|url=http://www.mirchimusicawards.com/hindi-2020/nominations-hindi-2020/|access-date=20 February 2020|website=Mirchi Music Awards}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=20 February 2020|title=12th Smule Mirchi Music Awards 2020: Complete list of winners|work=The Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/music/news/12th-smule-mirchi-music-awards-2020-complete-list-of-winners/articleshow/74213682.cms|access-date=20 February 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |Listeners' Choice Song of the Year<br /> | {{nom}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[Mirchi Music Award for Album of The Year|Album of The Year]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |''Gully Boy''<br /> | {{nom}}<br /> |-<br /> |Listeners' Choice Album of the Year<br /> | {{nom}}<br /> |-<br /> |Trendsetter Album of the year<br /> | {{won}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[Mirchi Music Award for Male Vocalist of The Year|Male Vocalist of The Year]]<br /> |Ranveer Singh &amp; DIVINE (&quot;Apna Time Aayega&quot;)<br /> | {{nom}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[Mirchi Music Award for Upcoming Male Vocalist of The Year|Upcoming Male Vocalist of The Year]]<br /> |DIVINE, Naezy &amp; Ranveer Singh (&quot;Mere Gully Mein&quot;)<br /> | {{nom}}<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Mirchi Music Award for Upcoming Lyricist of The Year|Upcoming Lyricist of The Year]]<br /> |Spitfire (&quot;Asli Hip Hop&quot;)<br /> | {{nom}}<br /> |-<br /> |DIVINE &amp; Naezy (&quot;Mere Gully Mein&quot;)<br /> | {{nom}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[Mirchi Music Award for Upcoming Music Composer of The Year|Upcoming Music Composer of The Year]]<br /> |DIVINE, Naezy &amp; Sez on the Beat (&quot;Mere Gully Mein&quot;)<br /> | {{nom}}<br /> |-<br /> |13 March 2020<br /> |[[Zee Cine Awards]]<br /> |[[Zee Cine Award for Best Track of the Year|Viewer's Choice Song Of The Year]]<br /> |&quot;Apna Time Aayega&quot;<br /> | {{won}}<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=14 March 2020|title=Zee Cine Awards 2020 Winners List|work=ABP News|url=https://news.abplive.com/entertainment/movies/zee-cine-awards-2020-winners-list-ranveer-singh-taapsee-pannu-ayushmann-khurrana-walk-away-with-trophies-1175146|access-date=14 March 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=15 March 2020|title=ZEE Cine Awards 2020: Winners list|work=BizAsia|url=https://www.bizasialive.com/zee-cine-awards-2020-winners-list/|access-date=14 March 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |29 September 2019<br /> |[[Jagran Film Festival]]<br /> |Best Music<br /> |Gully Boy<br /> | {{won}}<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=30 September 2019|title=Jagran Film Festival 2019|work=Firstpost|url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/jagran-film-festival-2019-aibs-chintu-ka-birthday-named-best-film-gully-boy-wins-for-music-writing-7424771.html|access-date=15 March 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |[[14th Asian Film Awards|28 October 2020]]<br /> |[[Asian Film Awards]]<br /> |Best Original Music<br /> |[[Karsh Kale]], The Salvage Audio Collective<br /> | {{won}}<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|author=&lt;!--Not stated--&gt;|date=September 8, 2020|title=The 14th Asian Film Awards Nominations Announced|url=http://www.afa-academy.com/post?id=1211&amp;cat=8&amp;mid=8&amp;t=news|access-date=September 10, 2020|website=afa-academy.com|publisher=|quote=|archive-date=28 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201128034104/http://www.afa-academy.com/post?id=1211&amp;cat=8&amp;mid=8&amp;t=news|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Lee, Edmund (28 October 2020). [https://www.scmp.com/lifestyle/entertainment/article/3107436/asian-film-awards-2020-winners-parasite-wins-best-picture &quot;Asian Film Awards 2020 winners: Parasite wins best picture but fails to dominate at online edition&quot;]. ''South China Morning Post''.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{Authority control}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:2019 soundtrack albums]]<br /> [[Category:Hindi film soundtracks]]<br /> [[Category:Zee Music Company soundtracks]]</div>

Ellen248280 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Golagrama&diff=454084 2025-12-17T04:46:52Z

<p>Ellen248280: cleanup</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Ancient Indian city of scientific importance}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=January 2024}}<br /> '''Golagrama''' was a village or region in [[India]] associated with several medieval Indian [[astronomer]]s, [[astrologer]]s and [[mathematician]]s.&lt;ref name=&quot;Bag&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Bag |first=A.K. |title=Indian literature on mathematics during 1400&amp;ndash;1800 AD |journal=Indian Journal of History of Science |date=May 1980 |volume=15 |issue=1 |pages=75&amp;ndash;93 |url=http://www.new.dli.ernet.in/rawdataupload/upload/insa/INSA_1/20005af2_79.pdf |accessdate=3 June 2010 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120309124530/http://www.new.dli.ernet.in/rawdataupload/upload/insa/INSA_1/20005af2_79.pdf |archivedate=9 March 2012 |df=dmy }}&lt;/ref&gt; Presently there is no place bearing the name Golagrama anywhere in India. It is known that Golagrama was situated in [[Maharashtra State]] on the northern banks of river [[Godavari]], was near Partha-puri (Pathari)&lt;ref name=&quot;Pingree&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Pingree|first=David Erwin|title=Census of the Exact Sciences in Sanskrit, Volume 1|url=https://archive.org/details/censusofexactsci01ping|pages=[https://archive.org/details/censusofexactsci01ping/page/21 21], 386|date=1970|publisher=[[American Philosophical Society]]|isbn=978-0-87169-081-4}}&lt;/ref&gt; in Maharashtra and was about 320&amp;nbsp;km away from [[Amravati]] town in [[Maharashtra]].<br /> It is sometimes identified as a place named ''Golgam'' at latitude 18° N longitude 78° E.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Colebrooke|first=H.T. |title=Miscellaneous Essays|date=1837|publisher=Wm. H. Allen &amp; Co., London|url=https://archive.org/details/miscellaneouses03colegoog|page=[https://archive.org/details/miscellaneouses03colegoog/page/n481 453]|quote=Golagrama + amravati.}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Colebrooke|first=H.T.|title=Algebra: with Arithmetic and Mensuration from the Sanskrit|date=1817|publisher=John Murray, London|pages=378|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=A3cAAAAAMAAJ&amp;q=Golagrama+%2B+amravati&amp;pg=PR27}} (see p.xxvii)&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> The name ''Golagrama'' considered as a word in [[Sanskrit]] could literally be translated as ''sphere-village''.<br /> <br /> ==Golagrama school of astronomy==<br /> Several medieval Indian [[astronomer]]s and [[mathematician]]s are known to have flourished in Golagrama. They were all members of one large [[extended family]]. The astronomical and mathematical knowledge of the members of this family was passed from generation to generation through teacher-pupil relationships. In nearly all the cases, the teacher would be an elder member of the family like father being a teacher of his son, elder brother being teacher of a younger brother. One of the most distinguished mathematicians of this family was [[Kamalakara]]. Kamalakara was born in [[Benares]] about 1616&lt;ref name=&quot;Andrew&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|last=J J O'Connor and E F Robertson|title=Kamalakara |url=http://www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/Biographies/Kamalakara.html|publisher=School of Mathematics and Statistics University of St Andrews, Scotland |accessdate=7 June 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; after some members of the family migrated to [[Benares]].<br /> <br /> The lineage of astronomers and astrologers begins with one Rāma, a Maharshtian Brahmin residing at Golagrama.&lt;ref name=&quot;Pingree&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Eggeling 1896&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Eggeling|first=Julius|title=Catalogue of Sanskrit Manuscripts in the Library of the India Office Part V|date=1896|url=http://ia341228.us.archive.org//load_djvu_applet.php?file=0/items/p5a7catalogueofs02greauoft/p5a7catalogueofs02greauoft.djvu}} (see item 2778 in p.996)&lt;/ref&gt; Rāma had a son by name Bhaṭṭācārya. He is known to have fathered Divākara Daivjña.&lt;ref name=&quot;Eggeling 1896&quot;/&gt; Divākara Daivjña had five sons all experts in astrology and astronomy. Divākara Daivjña's sons were Viṣṇu, Kṛṣṇa, Mallāri, Keśava and Viśvanātha. [[Kṛṣṇa Daivajña]] had two sons Nṛsiṃha (also known as Nṛsiṃha Gaṇaka) born in 1586, and Śiva. Nṛsiṃha is known to have composed ''Saurabhāṣya'', a commentary on ''Sūrysidhānta''. Nṛsiṃha had composed ''Sidhāntaśromaṇi-Vāsanāvārttika'' a commentary on the ''Gaṇitādhyāya'' and ''Golādhyāya'' of ''Sidhāntaśiromaṇi-Vāsanābhāṣya'' of Bhāskara II.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Eggeling|first=Julius|title=Catalogue of Sanskrit Manuscripts in the Library of the India Office Part V|date=1896|url=http://ia341228.us.archive.org//load_djvu_applet.php?file=0/items/p5a7catalogueofs02greauoft/p5a7catalogueofs02greauoft.djvu}} (see items 2857, 2858 in p.1017)&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Mallari (fl.1575) was a pupil of [[Gaṇeśa Daivajna|Ganesa]] (son of Keśava, born 1507). Mallari was also the uncle and teacher of Nrisimha (born 1586). He wrote a commentary on the ''Grahalaghava'' of Ganesa (born 1507) and also another treatise titled ''Parvadvayasadhana''.&lt;ref name=&quot;Pingree&quot;/&gt; Gaṇeśa composed in 1520 [[BCE|CE]] ''the Grahalāghava'' or ''Sidhāntarahasya'' a compendium of astronomical calculations.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Eggeling|first=Julius|title=Catalogue of Sanskrit Manuscripts in the Library of the India Office Part V|date=1896|url=http://ia341228.us.archive.org//load_djvu_applet.php?file=0/items/p5a7catalogueofs02greauoft/p5a7catalogueofs02greauoft.djvu}} (see items 2931 in p.1041)&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> Nṛsiṃha (born 1586) had four sons Divākara (born 1606), Kamalākara, Gopinātha and Ranganātha. Kamalākara had composed in 1656 [[BCE|CE]] a treatise titled ''Sidhāntatattvaviveka'' which was course on astronomy founded mainly on ''Sūryasidhānta''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Eggeling|first=Julius|title=Catalogue of Sanskrit Manuscripts in the Library of the India Office Part V|date=1896|url=http://ia341228.us.archive.org//load_djvu_applet.php?file=0/items/p5a7catalogueofs02greauoft/p5a7catalogueofs02greauoft.djvu}} (see items 2890. 2891 in p.1026)&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Chart showing father-son relationships among members of the Golagrama school==<br /> {{tree chart/start|align=center}}<br /> {{tree chart| | | | | | | |RM | | |RM=Rāma}}<br /> {{tree chart| | | | | | | | |!| | }}<br /> {{tree chart| | | | | | | |BH| | |BH=Bhaṭṭācārya}}<br /> {{tree chart| | | | | | | | |!| | }}<br /> {{tree chart| | | | | | | |DD1| | |DD1=Divākara Daivajña}}<br /> {{tree chart| |,|-|-|-|v|-|-|^|v|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|.| }}<br /> {{tree chart|VS| |KS| |ML| |KE| |VI|VS=Viṣṇu|KS=Kṛṣṇa|ML=Mallāri|KE=Keśava|VI=Viśvanātha&lt;br /&gt;(c.1580)}}<br /> {{tree chart| | |,|-|^|-|.| | | | | | |!| | |}}<br /> {{tree chart| |NR| |SI| | | | |GA|NR=Nṛsiṃha&lt;br /&gt;(born 1586)|SI=Śiva|GA=Gaṇeśa&lt;br /&gt;(born 1507)}}<br /> {{tree chart| |,|^|-|-|v|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|.|}}<br /> {{tree chart|DD2| |KA| |GO| |RA| |DD2=Divākara&lt;br /&gt;(born 1606) | KA = Kamalākara&lt;br /&gt;(born 1616) | GO =Gopinātha | RA=Raṅganātha }}<br /> {{tree chart/end}}<br /> <br /> ==Kamalakara==<br /> Kamalakara's father was Nrsimha of Golagrama who was born in 1586. Two of Kamalakara's brothers were also astronomers or mathematicians: Divakara elder than Kamalakara born in 1606 and Ranganatha who was younger than Kamalakara.<br /> <br /> &lt;blockquote&gt;<br /> Kamalakara combined traditional Indian astronomy with Aristotelian physics and Ptolemaic astronomy as presented by Islamic scientists (especially Ulugh Beg). Following his family's tradition he wrote a commentary, Manorama, on Ganesa's Grahalaghava and, like his father, Nrsimha, another commentary on the Suryasiddhanta, called the Vasanabhasya ...&lt;ref name=&quot;Andrew&quot;/&gt;<br /> &lt;/blockquote&gt;<br /> <br /> Kamalakara's most famous work is Siddhanta-tattva-viveka which was completed in 1658. It deals with standard topics usually dealt with in Indian astronomy texts. The third chapter of the book is mathematically most interesting. In it Kamalakara has used the addition and subtraction theorems for the sine and the cosine to give trigonometric formulae for the sines and cosines of double, triple, quadruple and quintuple angles. In this treatise Kamalakara also makes frequent use of the place-value number system with Sanskrit numerals.<br /> <br /> ==Schools of mathematics in medieval India==<br /> Historians of mathematics have identified several schools of mathematics that flourished in different parts of India during the 14th19th– centuries [[BCE|CE]]. It has also been noted that most of the mathematical activities during this period were concentrated in these schools.&lt;ref name=&quot;Bag&quot;/&gt; The schools were at places identified by the following names:<br /> <br /> * [[Jambusagaranagara]]<br /> * [[Dadhigrama]] ([[Vidarbha]])<br /> * [[Nandigrama]] ([[Maharashtra]])<br /> * Parthapura <br /> * Golagrama ([[Maharashtra]])<br /> * [[Kerala school of astronomy and mathematics|Kerala]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Indian mathematics]]<br /> [[Category:Medieval Indian astronomers]]<br /> [[Category:History of Maharashtra]]<br /> [[Category:Populated places in Maharashtra]]<br /> [[Category:Lost cities and towns]]<br /> [[Category:History of mathematics]]<br /> [[Category:Former populated places in India]]</div>

Ellen248280 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=National_Grid_(India)&diff=520885 2025-11-23T11:05:23Z

<p>Ellen248280: stub</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Electricity transmission network in India}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2023}}<br /> [[File:Regional power grids in India.svg|thumb|The 5 regional power grids in India, which were interconnected to establish the National Grid.]]<br /> The '''National Grid''' is the high-voltage [[Grid (electricity)|electricity transmission network]] in [[ India]], connecting [[power station]]s and major [[Electrical substation|substations]] and ensuring that electricity generated anywhere in India can be used to satisfy demand elsewhere.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.iexindia.com/bidareas.aspx?id=31&amp;mid=2 |title=Areas of national grid |access-date=19 October 2016 |archive-date=20 October 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161020014607/http://iexindia.com/bidareas.aspx?id=31&amp;mid=2 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; The National Grid is owned, and maintained by [[state-owned enterprise|state-owned]] [[Power Grid Corporation of India]] and operated by [[state-owned enterprise|state-owned]] [[Power System Operation Corporation]]. It is one of the largest operational synchronous grids in the world with 500 [[Watt#Gigawatt|GW]] of installed power generation capacity as of 30 June 2025. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=All India Installed Capacity of Utility Power Stations |url=https://cea.nic.in/wp-content/uploads/installed/2025/09/Website_Report-1.pdf |access-date=14 November 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> India's grid is connected as a [[wide area synchronous grid]] nominally running at 50 [[hertz|Hz]]. The permissible range of the frequency band is 49.5-50.5&amp;nbsp;Hz, effective 17 September 2012. The [[Government of India|Union Government]] regulates grid frequency by requiring States to pay more when they draw power at low frequencies.&lt;ref name=&quot;UtpalBhaskar&quot;&gt;{{cite web|last1=Bhaskar|first1=Utpal|title=CERC plans to further narrow frequency band for national grid|url=https://www.livemint.com/Industry/3HIYmLsbcM47fsaCUyK7DI/CERC-plans-to-further-narrow-frequency-band-for-national-gri.html|website=Livemint|date=30 July 2013 |access-date=2 December 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; There are also synchronous interconnections to [[Bhutan]], and asynchronous links with [[Bangladesh]], [[Myanmar]], and [[Nepal]].&lt;ref name=&quot;CERC&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Grid Security – Need For Tightening of Frequency Band &amp; Other Measures|url=http://www.cercind.gov.in/2011/Whats-New/AGENDA_NOTE_FOR_15TH_CAC_MEETINGHI.pdf|website= Central Electricity Regulatory Commission|access-date=2 December 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; An [[Submarine power cable|undersea interconnection]] to [[Sri Lanka]] ([[India–Sri Lanka HVDC Interconnection]]) has also been proposed. A proposed interconnection between Myanmar and [[Thailand]] would facilitate the creation of a [[power pool]] and enable trading among all [[BIMSTEC]] nations.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=BIMSTEC needs a 'power tool'; here's why it is time for a green energy revolution|url=http://www.financialexpress.com/opinion/bimstec-needs-a-power-tool-heres-why-it-is-time-for-a-green-energy-revolution/494732/|website=The Financial Express|access-date=27 May 2017|date=3 January 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> India began utilizing grid management on a regional basis in the 1960s. Individual State grids were interconnected to form 5 regional grids covering mainland India. The grids were the Northern, Eastern, Western, North Eastern and Southern Grids. These regional links were established to enable transmission of surplus electricity between States in each region. In the 1990s, the Indian government began planning for a national grid. Regional grids were initially interconnected by asynchronous [[High-voltage direct current|HVDC]] [[High-voltage direct current#Back to back|back-to-back]] links facilitating limited exchange of regulated power. The links were subsequently upgraded to high capacity synchronous links.&lt;ref name=&quot;One Nation-One Grid&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> The first interconnection of regional grids was established in October 1991 when the North Eastern and Eastern grids were interconnected. The Western Grid was interconnected with the aforementioned grids in March 2003. The Northern grid was also interconnected in August 2006, forming a Central Grid synchronously connected operating at one frequency.&lt;ref name=&quot;One Nation-One Grid&quot;/&gt; The sole remaining regional grid, the Southern Grid, was synchronously interconnected to the Central Grid on 31 December 2013 with the commissioning of the 765 [[Volt|kV]] Raichur-Solapur transmission line, thereby establishing the National Grid.&lt;ref name = &quot;largest&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/All-India-Power-Engineers-Federation-Indian-power-system/articleshow/28294988.cms|title=Indian power system becomes largest operating synchronous grid in the world|newspaper=The Times of India|access-date=2 December 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;One Nation-One Grid&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=One Nation-One Grid|url=http://www.powergridindia.com/_layouts/PowerGrid/User/ContentPage.aspx?PId=78&amp;LangID=english|website=Power Grid Corporation of India|access-date=2 December 2016|archive-date=26 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170226175901/http://www.powergridindia.com/_layouts/PowerGrid/User/ContentPage.aspx?PId=78&amp;LangID=English|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Territories outside the grid==<br /> The [[Union territory|union territories]] of [[Andaman and Nicobar Islands]] and [[Lakshadweep]] are not connected to the National Grid. Both territories are [[archipelago]]s located far away from the mainland.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Renewable Energy|url=http://www.powerlak.gov.in/eBCMs/eBCMsConsumerPortal/frmRenewable.aspx|website=Department of Electricity, UT of Lakshadweep|access-date=2 December 2016|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160709204225/http://www.powerlak.gov.in/eBCMs/eBCMsConsumerPortal/frmRenewable.aspx|archive-date=9 July 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; Due to the geography and topography of these islands, including separation by sea over great distances, there is no single power grid for all the electrified islands in the archipelago. The power generation and distribution systems of these territories is served by standalone systems, with each electrified island in the archipelago having its own generation and distribution system. Power stations cater independently to the power requirements of an area.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Power Department|url=http://www.andaman.gov.in/power|website=Andaman and Nicobar Administration|access-date=2 December 2016|archive-date=20 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220063416/http://www.andaman.gov.in/power|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;A&amp;N&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Power for All - Andaman and Nicobar|url=http://powermin.nic.in/sites/default/files/uploads/joint_initiative_of_govt_of_india_and_andman_nicobar.pdf|website=Ministry of Power|access-date=2 December 2016|archive-date=13 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200213022507/https://powermin.nic.in/sites/default/files/uploads/joint_initiative_of_govt_of_india_and_andman_nicobar.pdf|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; The Electricity Department of Andaman and Nicobar (EDA&amp;N) and the Lakshadweep Electricity Department (LED) are responsible for generation, transmission and distribution systems in these territories.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=DEPARTMENT AT A GLANCE|url=http://electricity.and.nic.in/|website=electricity.and.nic.in|access-date=2 December 2016|archive-date=10 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200810111009/http://electricity.and.nic.in/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Inter regional transmission capacity==<br /> The inter regional total transmission capacity (TTC) is 105,050 MW as on 30 June 2021.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://powermin.nic.in/sites/default/files/uploads/IRTC_English_May_2017.pdf|title=Inter Regional Transmission Capacity|access-date=2 July 2017}}{{Dead link|date=September 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; However the available transmission capacity (ATC) on daily basis is not exceeding 35% of TTC and the actual usage is around 25%.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://posoco.in/market/monthly-atc-inter-regional/|title=Monthly ATC Inter Regional |access-date=2 July 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://posoco.in/reports/daily-reports/daily-reports-2017-18/|title= NLDC Daily Reports – 2017-18 |access-date=2 July 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; Due to inter regional transmission constraints, the cost of power purchases by every region in Power Exchanges is not always equal.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.iexindia.com/marketdata/areaprice.aspx|title= IEX Area Prices |access-date=2 July 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Ministry of Power (India)|MoP]] has introduced a policy for nationwide single merit order power purchases from Power exchanges to avoid costly power purchases by the Discoms.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://meritindia.in/|title=Merit Order Despatch of Electricity|access-date=12 July 2017|archive-date=15 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210615010502/http://meritindia.in/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Cross border transmission links==<br /> India began cross-border electricity trade in the mid-1980s. India established 33 kV and 132 kV interconnections in radial mode from [[Bihar]] and [[Uttar Pradesh]] to Bhutan and Nepal respectively. The first interconnection with Bangladesh was commissioned in December 2013, connecting [[Berhampore]] with [[Bheramara Upazila|Bheramara]]. As of April 2017, there are 12 cross-border interconnections between India and Nepal. India became a net exporter of electricity for the first time in the 2016-17 fiscal year.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.livemint.com/Industry/KdUj7tUmfE0nCGCFfiS2eO/India-becomes-net-exporter-of-power-for-the-first-time.html|title=India becomes net exporter of power for the first time|access-date=2 April 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Presently, India is importing electricity from [[Energy in Bhutan|Bhutan]] with synchronous transmission links while exporting power to [[Nepal Electricity Authority|Nepal]], [[Electricity in Bangladesh|Bangladesh]] and [[Energy in Myanmar|Myanmar]] with asynchronous transmission links between the National Grid and the electricity grids of these countries. India is planning to build a minimum of 125 GW of wind capacity for Nepal 10 GW of hydro capacity for Nepal 20 GW of nuclear capacity and an undetermined amount of solar capacity by 2050 with full financial ownership in the hands of Nepal.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Cross Border Trade of Electricity|url=https://www.cercind.gov.in/2017/draft_reg/Expl7.pdf |access-date=2 April 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> *[[Electricity sector in India]]<br /> *[[Availability-based tariff]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist|3}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * [http://www.indiaenergy.gov.in/docs/ISGF_CBT%20Documentation.pdf Cross Border Electricity Import/Export] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160902121243/http://indiaenergy.gov.in/docs/ISGF_CBT%20Documentation.pdf |date=2 September 2016 }}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Electric power transmission infrastructure in India]]<br /> [[Category:Wide area synchronous grids]]</div>

Ellen248280 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Raniganj,_Gonda&diff=529605 2025-11-09T03:54:58Z

<p>Ellen248280: creating article!</p> <hr /> <div>{{for|other places with same/similar name|Raniganj (disambiguation)}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2018}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=July 2018}}<br /> {{Infobox settlement<br /> | name = Raniganj, Uttar Pradesh<br /> | native_name = Raniganj<br /> | native_name_lang = hi<br /> <br /> | other_name = <br /> | nickname = <br /> | settlement_type = village<br /> | image_skyline = <br /> | image_alt = <br /> | image_caption = <br /> | pushpin_map = India Uttar Pradesh#India<br /> | pushpin_label_position = right<br /> | pushpin_map_alt = <br /> | pushpin_map_caption = Location in Uttar Pradesh, India<br /> | coordinates = {{coord|27.04533|N|82.2167|E|display=inline,title}}<br /> | subdivision_type = Country<br /> | subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}<br /> | subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]<br /> | subdivision_name1 = [[Uttar Pradesh]]<br /> | subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]<br /> | subdivision_name2 = [[Gonda district|Gonda]]<br /> | established_title = &lt;!-- Established --&gt;<br /> | established_date = <br /> | founder = <br /> | named_for = <br /> | government_type = <br /> | governing_body = [[Gram panchayat]]<br /> <br /> | unit_pref = Metric<br /> | area_footnotes = <br /> | area_rank = <br /> | area_total_km2 = <br /> | elevation_footnotes = <br /> | elevation_m = 97<br /> | population_total = <br /> | population_as_of = 2007<br /> | population_rank = <br /> | population_density_km2 = auto<br /> | population_demonym = <br /> | population_footnotes = <br /> | demographics_type1 = Languages<br /> | demographics1_title1 = Official<br /> | demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]]<br /> | timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br /> | utc_offset1 = +5:30<br /> | postal_code_type = &lt;!-- [[Postal Index Number|PIN]] --&gt;<br /> | postal_code = <br /> | registration_plate = [[Vehicle registration plates of India|UP]] <br /> | blank1_name_sec1 = Nearest city<br /> | blank1_info_sec1 = [[Gonda, Uttar Pradesh|Gonda]]<br /> | blank2_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency<br /> | blank2_info_sec1 = [[Gonda (Lok Sabha constituency)|Gonda]]<br /> | website = {{URL|up.gov.in}} <br /> | footnotes = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Raniganj''' is a village in [[Gonda district]] of [[Uttar Pradesh]] state of [[India]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |date=2011 |title=Primary Census Abstract Data Tables – India: Final Population Totals |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/42554/download/46180/2011-IndiaStateDistSbDistVill-0000.xlsx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220711042331/https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/42554/download/46180/2011-IndiaStateDistSbDistVill-0000.xlsx |archive-date=11 July 2022 |access-date=27 April 2025 |website=Office of the Registrar General &amp; Census Commissioner, India |publisher=Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Located along National Highway 231, Raniganj is also a junction railway station on the [[Indian Railways]] system.<br /> <br /> == See also ==<br /> <br /> * [[Railway stations in India]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{Gonda district}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Villages in Gonda district]]<br /> [[Category:Devipatan division]]<br /> [[Category:Awadh region]]</div>

Ellen248280 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ziro&diff=471038 2025-10-28T15:01:17Z

<p>Ellen248280: corrected formatting also and updated info</p> <hr /> <div>{{About|the town in India|the province of Burkina Faso|Ziro Province}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=September 2016}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2016}}<br /> {{Infobox settlement<br /> | name = Ziro<br /> | native_name = <br /> | native_name_lang = <br /> | other_name = <br /> | nickname = <br /> | settlement_type = Town<br /> | image_skyline = A cross section of luch green valley of Ziro.jpg<br /> | image_alt = <br /> | image_caption = A cross-section of the lush green valley of Ziro<br /> | pushpin_map = India Arunachal Pradesh#India<br /> | pushpin_label_position = right<br /> | pushpin_map_alt = <br /> | pushpin_map_caption = Location in Arunachal Pradesh, India<br /> | coordinates = {{Coord|27|33|59|N|93|49|53|E|display=title}}<br /> | subdivision_type = Country<br /> | subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}<br /> | subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]<br /> | subdivision_name1 = [[Arunachal Pradesh]]<br /> | subdivision_type2 = District<br /> | subdivision_name2 = [[Lower Subansiri district|Lower Subansiri]]<br /> | established_title = &lt;!-- Established --&gt;<br /> | established_date = <br /> | founder = <br /> | named_for = <br /> | government_type = <br /> | governing_body = <br /> | unit_pref = Metric<br /> | area_footnotes = <br /> | area_rank = <br /> | area_total_km2 = <br /> | elevation_footnotes = <br /> | elevation_m = 1,688<br /> | population_total = 12,806<br /> | population_as_of = 2011<br /> | population_rank = <br /> | population_density_km2 = auto<br /> | population_demonym = <br /> | population_footnotes = <br /> | demographics_type1 = Languages<br /> | demographics1_title1 = Official<br /> | demographics1_info1 = [[English language|English]]<br /> | timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br /> | utc_offset1 = +5:30<br /> | postal_code_type = &lt;!-- [[Postal Index Number|PIN]] --&gt;<br /> | postal_code = <br /> | registration_plate = AR-06<br /> | blank_name = [[Köppen climate classification|Climate]]<br /> | blank_info = [[Humid subtropical climate|Cwa]]<br /> | website = <br /> | footnotes = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Ziro''' is a [[census town|town]] in and the district headquarters of the [[Lower Subansiri district]] of the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Arunachal Pradesh]]. The part of the town which is the centre of economic activities and where the administrative offices are located is called [[Hapoli]], or locally known by the [[Apatani people|Apatanis]] as &quot;Hao-Polyang&quot;. Ziro is home to the [[Apatani people|Apatani]] tribe. Ziro is included in the [[World Heritage Site|Tentative List for UNESCO's World Heritage Site]] for the ''[[Apatani people|Apatani cultural landscape]]''.&lt;ref name=zirocu1/&gt;&lt;ref name=zirocu2/&gt;&lt;ref name=zirocu3/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.northeasttoday.in/our-states/arunachal-pradesh/arunachals-ziro-valley-talley-valley-for-unesco-word-heritage-site/ |title=Arunachal's Ziro Valley, Talley Valley for UNESCO Word Heritage Site &amp;#124; Northeast Today |access-date=13 December 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121218100724/http://www.northeasttoday.in/our-states/arunachal-pradesh/arunachals-ziro-valley-talley-valley-for-unesco-word-heritage-site/ |archive-date=18 December 2012 }}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> <br /> Ziro is 115&amp;nbsp;km from the state capital, [[Itanagar]], 112&amp;nbsp;km from [[North Lakhimpur]] in [[Assam]] and 96&amp;nbsp;km from [[Naharlagun railway station]]. [[Indian Air Force]]'s [[India-China Border Roads#Border airport and Advanced Landing Ground (ALG) projects|ALG]] airstrip is at [[Ziro Airport|Ziro]].&lt;ref name=ziroalg2/&gt;&lt;ref name=ziroalg1/&gt;<br /> <br /> [[File:Old Ziro.jpg|alt=Old Ziro view|thumb|View of the Old Ziro settlement, with the runway of [[Ziro Airport]] visible on the left side]]<br /> <br /> ==Geography==<br /> Ziro is the district headquarter of Lower Subansiri district and one of the oldest towns in Arunachal Pradesh. It is located at {{Coord|27.63|N|93.83|E|}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title=Maps, Weather, and Airports for Ziro, India | website=Falling Rain | date=2021-12-12 | url=http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/30/Ziro.html | access-date=2022-10-02}}&lt;/ref&gt; at an elevation of 1688&amp;nbsp;[[metre]]s (5538&amp;nbsp;[[foot (length)|feet]]) to 2438&amp;nbsp;[[meter]]s (8000&amp;nbsp;[[foot (length)|feet]]). Its cool weather in summer is its major attraction. It is famous for its surrounding pine-clad gentle hills and its rice fields. <br /> <br /> == Transport==<br /> ===Road===<br /> Ziro is around 115&amp;nbsp;km from the state capital, [[Itanagar]] and takes approx. three and a half hours by road, via the improved Hoj-Potin road, along [[National Highway 229 (India, old numbering)|NH-229]], and 150&amp;nbsp;km via the Assam route.<br /> <br /> ===Rail===<br /> The nearest railway station from Ziro is located at [[Naharlagun railway station|Naharlagun]], near the Arunachal-Assam border, which is around 100&amp;nbsp;km from Ziro.<br /> <br /> ===Air===<br /> The nearest airport to Ziro is [[Ziro Airport]], which is an [[Advanced Landing Ground]] (ALG) of the [[Indian Air Force]],&lt;ref name=ziroalg2&gt;{{cite web | last=Karmakar | first=Rahul | title=New IAF 'airport' in Arunachal provides an alternative to walking 157 km | website=The Hindu | date=2019-09-18 | url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/new-iaf-airport-in-arunachal-is-alternative-to-walking-157-km/article29448790.ece | access-date=2022-10-02}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=ziroalg1&gt;{{cite web | last=Sharma | first=Kushal Dev | title=How India defends its border with China | website=The Economic Times | date=2020-06-19 | url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/how-india-defends-its-border-with-china/articleshow/76465059.cms | access-date=2022-10-02}}&lt;/ref&gt; and along with it, flights are operated by [[Alliance Air (India)|Alliance Air]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Arunachal: Pema Khandu flags off commercial passenger flight to Ziro|url=https://arunachal24.in/arunachal-pema-khandu-flags-off-commercial-passenger-flight-to-ziro/|work=Arunachal24.in|date=30 October 2022|access-date=30 October 2022|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; It is located in the main town of old Ziro. Other main and major airports lying in proximity to Ziro are [[Lilabari Airport|North Lakhimpur]] in Assam (116&amp;nbsp;km) and [[Itanagar Airport|Itanagar]] (133&amp;nbsp;km).<br /> <br /> ==Climate==<br /> <br /> The climatic condition of the district varies from place to place as well as season to season. Its climate is largely influenced by the nature of terrain depending upon altitude and location of the place. It could be broadly be divided into four seasons in a year:<br /> <br /> # The cold weather season is from December to February<br /> # March to May is the pre-monsoon season of thunderstorms<br /> # The southwest monsoon from June to about the middle of October<br /> # The second half of October to November, which constitutes the post-monsoon or the retreating monsoon period and is a period of transition<br /> <br /> In the foothills or low high belt area of the district, the climatic condition is moderate in comparison to high belt areas, where during winter it is very cold and chilly, and in summer is pleasant. December and January are generally the coldest months, and July and August are warmest months.<br /> <br /> Annual rainfall in the south is heavier than that in the northern areas of the district. During the monsoon period, more than 70 percent of the rain over the southern half occurs while in the northern portions it is about 60 percent. Variability of rainfall for the monsoon and the year, as a whole, are relatively small. Average annual rainfall of the district headquarters, Ziro recorded as 934.88&amp;nbsp;cm during 2000.<br /> <br /> The relative humidity is always high throughout the year except in the winter months being slightly less humid. In the cold season, the sky is obscured on many mornings due to lifted fog which clears with the advance of the day generally, moderately clouded in the period of March to May, heavily clouded to overcast in the monsoon season and clear or slightly clouded during the post-monsoon season. Winds are generally light strong katabatic winds down the valleys are experienced as the local effect produced by the nature of the terrain.<br /> <br /> {{Weather box<br /> |location = Ziro<br /> | metric first = Yes<br /> | single line = Yes<br /> | Jan record high C = 21.5<br /> | Feb record high C = 19.7<br /> | Mar record high C = 26.2<br /> | Apr record high C = 28.3<br /> | May record high C = 30.3<br /> | Jun record high C = 33.4<br /> | Jul record high C = 31.9<br /> | Aug record high C = 32.3<br /> | Sep record high C = 32.3<br /> | Oct record high C = 30.2<br /> | Nov record high C = 28.9<br /> | Dec record high C = 25.2<br /> | year record high C = 33.4<br /> | Jan high C = 12.9<br /> | Feb high C = 13.2<br /> | Mar high C = 16.8<br /> | Apr high C = 19.1<br /> | May high C = 21.0<br /> | Jun high C = 23.3<br /> | Jul high C = 25.0<br /> | Aug high C = 25.1<br /> | Sep high C = 24.0<br /> | Oct high C = 23.4<br /> | Nov high C = 18.3<br /> | Dec high C = 15.8<br /> | year high C = 19.8<br /> | Jan low C = -0.2<br /> | Feb low C = 2.3<br /> | Mar low C = 4.7<br /> | Apr low C = 8.3<br /> | May low C = 12.4<br /> | Jun low C = 14.7<br /> | Jul low C = 15.8<br /> | Aug low C = 15.1<br /> | Sep low C = 13.7<br /> | Oct low C = 10.1<br /> | Nov low C = 4.4<br /> | Dec low C = 0.4<br /> | year low C = 8.5<br /> | Jan record low C = -6.7<br /> | Feb record low C = -3.0<br /> | Mar record low C = -0.4<br /> | Apr record low C = 1.4<br /> | May record low C = 3.4<br /> | Jun record low C = 7.6<br /> | Jul record low C = 9.2<br /> | Aug record low C = 10.2<br /> | Sep record low C = 9.0<br /> | Oct record low C = 2.0<br /> | Nov record low C = -4.2<br /> | Dec record low C = -5.7<br /> | year record low C = -6.7<br /> | rain colour = green<br /> | Jan rain mm = 88.7<br /> | Feb rain mm = 106.1<br /> | Mar rain mm = 78.6<br /> | Apr rain mm = 169.0<br /> | May rain mm = 199.5<br /> | Jun rain mm = 292.5<br /> | Jul rain mm = 249.0<br /> | Aug rain mm = 232.4<br /> | Sep rain mm = 199.9<br /> | Oct rain mm = 64.1<br /> | Nov rain mm = 51.2<br /> | Dec rain mm = 13.6<br /> | year rain mm = 1744.3<br /> |unit rain days = 2.5 mm<br /> | Jan rain days = 5.2<br /> | Feb rain days = 7.3<br /> | Mar rain days = 6.8<br /> | Apr rain days = 10.8<br /> | May rain days = 13.1<br /> | Jun rain days = 15.7<br /> | Jul rain days = 14.5<br /> | Aug rain days = 14.6<br /> | Sep rain days = 12.8<br /> | Oct rain days = 4.8<br /> | Nov rain days = 3.4<br /> | Dec rain days = 1.5<br /> | year rain days = 110.5<br /> |time day = 17:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br /> | Jan humidity = 75<br /> | Feb humidity = 76<br /> | Mar humidity = 78<br /> | Apr humidity = 79<br /> | May humidity = 75<br /> | Jun humidity = 77<br /> | Jul humidity = 76<br /> | Aug humidity = 77<br /> | Sep humidity = 77<br /> | Oct humidity = 81<br /> | Nov humidity = 79<br /> | Dec humidity = 75<br /> |year humidity = 77<br /> |source 1 = [[India Meteorological Department]]&lt;ref name=IMDnormals&gt;<br /> {{cite web<br /> | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200219043716/http://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/Climate%20of%20North%20Eastern%20States.pdf<br /> | archive-date = 19 February 2020<br /> | url = https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/Climate%20of%20North%20Eastern%20States.pdf<br /> | title = Climate of North Eastern States<br /> | work = Climatological Summaries of States Series - No. 19<br /> | publisher = India Meteorological Department<br /> | date = December 2013<br /> | pages = 264–269<br /> | access-date = 8 March 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> }}<br /> <br /> ==Demography==<br /> {{As of|2011}} India [[census]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&amp;state5=999|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&amp;state5=999|archive-date=16 June 2004|title= Census of India 2011: Data from the 2011 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)|access-date=1 November 2008|publisher= Census Commission of India}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ziro had a population of 12,806. Males constitute 50% of the population and females 50%. In Ziro, 17% of the population is under 6 years of age.<br /> <br /> ===Languages===<br /> <br /> {{Pie chart<br /> |thumb = right<br /> |caption = Languages spoken in Ziro (2011)&lt;ref name=&quot;censusindia.gov.in&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=C-16: Population by mother tongue, Arunachal Pradesh - 2011|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/10194|website=Census Digital Library: Office of the Registrar General &amp; Census Commissioner, India Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India|date=2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |label1 = [[Apatani language|Apatani]]<br /> |value1 = 63.00<br /> |color1 = yellow<br /> |label2 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]]<br /> |value2 = 8.62<br /> |color2 = red<br /> |label3 = [[Assamese language|Assamese]]<br /> |value3 = 5.87<br /> |color3 = gold<br /> |label4 = [[Nepali language|Nepali]]<br /> |value4 = 5.82<br /> |color4 = teal<br /> |label5 = [[Bhojpuri language|Bhojpuri]]<br /> |value5 = 5.68<br /> |color5 = silver<br /> |label6 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]]<br /> |value6 = 3.08<br /> |color6 = green<br /> |label7= Others<br /> |value7 = 13.75<br /> |color7 = blue<br /> }}<br /> According to the 2011 census, Apatani was the most spoken language in Ziro with 10,867 speakers followed by Bengali at 1,104, Assamese at 752, Nepali at 746, Bhojpuri at 728 and Hindi at 395.<br /> <br /> ==Culture==<br /> [[File:Apatani tribal women.jpg|thumb|Apatani tribal women in Hija Village, Ziro.]]<br /> <br /> === Apatani culture ===<br /> <br /> The [[Apatani people|Apatanis]] have a few unique characteristic features which differ from other tribes in Arunachal Pradesh and India. Unique characteristic features are:<br /> <br /> (A) Apatanis practice permanent wet paddy cultivation whereas other tribes practice shifting cultivation called Jhom cultivation. <br /> (B) Apatanis cultivate permanent wet land cultivations whereas other tribes practice dry land cultivations by clearing the forests by burning the jungles.<br /> (C) Apatanis once practiced the art of facial tattoos.<br /> <br /> ===UNESCO world heritage cultural sites===<br /> [[File:Ziro valley - a possible world heritage site.jpg|thumb|Ziro is known for a four-season tourist place and gives a pleasant feel in every season with variant colors in different seasons.]]<br /> {{See also | List of World Heritage Sites in India | l1 = World Heritage Sites in India }}<br /> <br /> ''Apatani cultural landscape'' in Ziro Valley in Lower Subansiri district and ''[[Thembang]] Dzong'' in West Kameng district have been included in the Tentative List for UNESCO's World Heritage Site. The Arunachal Pradesh government has undertaken conservation works at these sites with the aim of ensuring inclusion of these sites in UNESCO's final list.&lt;ref name=zirocu1&gt;[https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/arunachal-pradesh-seeks-unesco-world-heritage-tag-for-two-sites-1810636 Arunachal Pradesh Seeks UNESCO World Heritage Tag For Two Sites], NDTV, 9 Fb 2018.&lt;/ref&gt; Apatani cultural landscape comprises 32 sq km2 cultivable areas out of 1058 km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; plateau.&lt;ref name=zirocu2&gt;[https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/5893/ Apatani cultural landscape], UNESCO tentative list, UNESCO, site submitted to UNESCO on 15 April 2014. Accessed: 14 November 2020.&lt;/ref&gt; Apatani tribe, which has inhabited this region for centuries, is known for practicing ecologically sustainable existential sustenance.&lt;ref name=zirocu3&gt;{{cite web | last=Das | first=Gaurav | title=Heritage cloud on land of the dawn-lit mountains | website=Telegraph India | date=2018-07-21 | url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/north-east/heritage-cloud-on-land-of-the-dawn-lit-mountains/cid/1455491 | access-date=2022-10-02}}&lt;/ref&gt; Thembang Dzong is a 3.2 acres fortified village of [[Monpa people|Monpa tribe]].&lt;ref name=zirocu1/&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Education==<br /> [[File:St Claret College Ziro.JPG|thumb|[[St Claret College, Ziro]]]]<br /> Ziro has one university and one undergraduate arts college namely [[Indira Gandhi Technological and Medical Sciences University]] and [[St Claret College, Ziro|Saint Claret College]] respectively. As of the 2001 census, Ziro had an average literacy rate of 66%, lower than the national average of 74.04%: male literacy was 72%, and female literacy was 60%. The older generation hadn't been exposed to formal education, but with the rapid pace of education of younger generations, the education scenario of Ziro grew tremendously and is poised to grow further.<br /> <br /> Urban populace of Lower Subansiri district mainly reside in Ziro and as per 2011 census,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.census2011.co.in/census/state/arunachal+pradesh.html|title=Arunachal Pradesh Population Sex Ratio in Arunachal Pradesh Literacy rate data 2011-2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; average urban literacy rate in Lower Subansiri district is 85.52% of which males and females are 89.81% and 81.26% literates respectively. As per the 2011 census, 84.58% population of Lower Subansiri districts lives in rural areas of villages. The literacy rate in rural areas of Lower Subansiri district is 72.27%. Still, the combined literacy rate is 74.35%, which is second in Arunachal Pradesh, next only to Papumpare District where the capital city of Itanagar is located.{{cn|date=December 2024}}<br /> <br /> == Notable people ==<br /> * [[Robin Hibu]], Special Commissioner of the [[Delhi Police]]<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> * [[New Palin]], a town in the Kurung Kumey district<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * [https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/5893/ whc.unesco.org - Apatani Cultural Landscape]<br /> <br /> {{Commons category}}<br /> {{Indian Air Force}}<br /> {{Authority control}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Lower Subansiri district]]<br /> [[Category:Cities and towns in Lower Subansiri district]]<br /> [[Category:Hill stations in Arunachal Pradesh]]<br /> [[Category:Ziro|*]]</div>

Ellen248280 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ritu_Sarin&diff=530627 2025-10-14T04:04:15Z

<p>Ellen248280: creating a data</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian film director, producer and artist}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=February 2017}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=February 2017}}[[File:Ritu Sarin closeup.jpg|alt=|thumb|Ritu Sarin&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation|last=Sarin, Ritu, 1960- film director, film producer. Tenzing Sonam, film director, screenwriter, narrator. Bstan-ʼdzin-rgya-mtsho, Dalai Lama XIV, 1935- on-screen participant.|title=The sun behind the clouds : Tibet's struggle for freedom|url=http://worldcat.org/oclc/653103818|oclc=653103818|access-date=2019-05-29}}&lt;/ref&gt;]]<br /> {{BLP sources|date=August 2011}}<br /> <br /> '''Ritu Sarin''' is an Indian film director, producer and artist based in [[Dharamshala, Himachal Pradesh|Dharamshala]], India. She is the director of the [[Dharamshala International Film Festival]]. <br /> <br /> == Biography ==<br /> Sarin was born in New Delhi. She did her undergraduate studies at [[Miranda House]] in [[Delhi University]] and went on to do her MFA in Film and Video from [[California College of the Arts]] (formerly California College of Arts and Crafts) in Oakland. She is the recipient of Miranda House’s 2010 Distinguished Alumna Award.{{cn|date=November 2024}} She is married to Tibetan filmmaker [[Tenzing Sonam]] with whom she has two children.{{cn|date=November 2024}}<br /> <br /> ==Films==<br /> <br /> While at CCA, Sarin made a number of experimental films, including Hercules and The Mind Gap.<br /> <br /> In 1985, Sarin and Tenzing Sonam worked on their first film together, The New Puritans: The Sikhs of Yuba City, as a joint thesis project. The film was subsequently broadcast on national PBS.<br /> <br /> In 1987, Sarin and Sonam moved to London were they worked as programme directors at the Meridian Trust, a Buddhist and Tibet-related film archive and production company. While at the Meridian Trust, they documented a number of historic trips made by the Dalai Lama, including his Nobel Peace Prize visit to Norway and his first trip to the Russian Buddhist republics of Kalmykia and Buryatia. They left the Meridian Trust in 1991 and founded their own company, [[White Crane Films]]. All their films since then have been made under its banner and includes several documentaries, video installations and two dramatic feature films.<br /> <br /> A recurring subject in their work is Tibet, with which they have been intimately involved in a number of different ways: personally, politically and artistically. Through their films and artwork, they have attempted to document, question and reflect on the questions of exile, identity, culture and nationalism that confront the Tibetan people.<br /> <br /> Their latest film, The Sweet Requiem, had its world premiere at the 2018 [[Toronto International Film Festival]].<br /> <br /> ==Filmography==<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Year !! Film<br /> |-<br /> | 1985 || The New Puritans: The Sikhs of Yuba City &lt;small&gt;(27 mins)&lt;/small&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | 1991 || The Reincarnation of Khensur Rinpoche &lt;small&gt;(62 mins)&lt;/small&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | 1992 || Tibet &lt;small&gt;(15 mins)&lt;/small&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | 1993 || [[The Trials of Telo Rinpoche]] (&lt;small&gt;50 mins)&lt;/small&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | 1997 || Fish Tales &lt;small&gt;(33 mins)&lt;/small&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | 1997 || A Stranger in My Native Land &lt;small&gt;(32 mins)&lt;/small&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | 1998 || The Shadow Circus: The CIA in Tibet &lt;small&gt;(50 mins)&lt;/small&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | 1999 || Big Treasure Chest for Future Children: Tibet &lt;small&gt;(26 mins)&lt;/small&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | 2005 || [[Dreaming Lhasa]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Bennett |first=Bruce |date=April 13, 2007 |title=Wandering Tibet For a Piece of Home |newspaper=New York Sun |url=http://www.nysun.com/arts/wandering-tibet-for-a-piece-of-home/52420/ |accessdate=3 September 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(90 mins)&lt;/small&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | 2007 || The Thread of Karma &lt;small&gt;(50 mins)&lt;/small&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | 2007 || Some Questions on the Nature of Your Existence&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Some Questions on the Nature of Your Existence |url=http://www.tba21.org/program/commissions/44?category=commissions |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121101224631/http://tba21.org/program/commissions/44?category=commissions |archivedate=1 November 2012 |accessdate=3 September 2012 |publisher=T-BA21}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(26 mins)&lt;/small&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | 2009 || [[The Sun Behind the Clouds|The Sun Behind the Clouds: Tibet's Struggle For Freedom]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Thomas |first=Kevin |date=June 24, 2010 |title=Movie Review: 'The Sun Behind the Clouds: Tibet's Struggle for Freedom' |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2010-jun-24-la-et-sun-bhind-clouds-review-story-story.html |access-date=3 September 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(79 mins)&lt;/small&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | 2012 || When Hari Got Married &lt;small&gt;(75 mins)&lt;/small&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |2018<br /> |The Sweet Requiem &lt;small&gt;(91 mins)&lt;/small&gt;<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Art projects==<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Year !! Work !! Commissioned by !! Exhibitions<br /> |-<br /> | 2000 || rights... &amp; wrongs (single-channel) || Tibet Museum || Tibet Museum; Contour Biennale 8<br /> |-<br /> | 2007 || Some Questions on the Nature of Your Existence (single-channel) || TBA-21 || TBA-21; Mori Art Museum; Busan Biennale 2010; Ravenna Festival; Istanbul Biennial 2022; Museo d'arte Orientale Torino 2022<br /> |-<br /> | 2008 || Middle Way or Independence? (single-channel) || TBA-21 || TBA-21<br /> |-<br /> | 2009 || A Tibet of the Mind (single-channel) || White Crane Films || Art Centre Silkeborg, Denmark<br /> |-<br /> | 2011 || Mud Stone Slate Bamboo (single-channel) || White Crane Films || Engadin Art Talks, Zuoz, Switzerland; Landings: Extracted Bodies and Self-Cartographies, StudiumGeneraleRietveldAcademie, Amsterdam <br /> |-<br /> | 2015/17 || Burning Against the Dying of the Lights (multimedia) || White Crane Films || Khoj Studios, New Delhi; Contour Biennale 8<br /> |-<br /> | 2015 || Taking Tiger Mountain by Storm (single-channel) || White Crane Films || Khoj Studios, New Delhi; Contour Biennale 8<br /> |-<br /> | 2017 || Drapchi Elegy (single-channel) || Contour Biennale 8 || Contour Biennale 8; Kunsthalle Vienna; Marabouparken, Stockholm; Mardin Biennial<br /> |-<br /> | 2018 || Chronicle of an Arrest Foretold (Instagram action) || Artspace Sydney || Instagram Action<br /> |- <br /> | 2019 || Shadow Circus (multimedia) || White Crane Films/Savvy Contemporary || Berlinale Forum Expanded 2019, India International Centre 2022<br /> |-<br /> |2022<br /> |Shadow Circus: A Personal Archive of Tibetan Resistance (1957 - 1974)<br /> |White Crane Films<br /> |[[India International Centre]], New Delhi (additionally supported by [[International Campaign for Tibet]]);<br /> [[Kochi-Muziris Biennale]] Invitations Programme (additionally supported by The Gujral Foundation) <br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Other activities==<br /> <br /> Ritu was a founding member of the Bay Area Friends of Tibet in the San Francisco Bay Area, one of the earliest Tibet support groups in the US.<br /> <br /> She and Tenzing organised the first-ever Tibet Film Festival in London in March 1992 in collaboration with the Institute for Contemporary Art (ICA). And in March 2000, they organised Tibet 2000: Survival of the Spirit, a ten-day festival of Tibet at the India International Centre in New Delhi, which included film screenings, photographic exhibitions, the creation of a sand mandala, performances by the Tibetan Institute of Performing Arts, seminars and panel discussions by well-known writers and scholars, and a public talk by the Dalai Lama.<br /> <br /> Ritu participated in the KHOJ Marathon with [[Hans Ulrich Obrist]] in New Delhi on 22 January 2011. She was also a part of the Engadin Art Talks in Zuoz, Switzerland, in August 2012, a symposium on art and architecture directed by [[Beatrix Ruf]], director and curator of the Kunsthalle Zurich, and [[Hans Ulrich Obrist]], Co-Director of Exhibitions and Programme at the Serpentine Gallery in London.<br /> <br /> In 2012, Ritu and Tenzing founded the non-profit organisation, White Crane Arts &amp; Media, to fulfil their long-held desire to promote contemporary art, cinema and independent media practices in the Himalayan regions. Its first project, in collaboration with Khoj International Artists’ Association, was an artists’ residency which was held in Dharamshala in October 2012. Its main project – the [[Dharamshala International Film Festival]] – had its first edition in November 2012 and is now considered to be one of India's top independent film festivals.<br /> <br /> Ritu was awarded a residency at the Rockefeller Institute Bellagio Center in 2017.<br /> <br /> She served on the jury for the International Competition section of the 2019 [[Sydney Film Festival]].<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> *''[[Dreaming Lhasa]]''<br /> *[[Dharamshala International Film Festival]]<br /> *[[Tenzing Sonam]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> *{{IMDb name|0765228}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Sarin, Ritu}}<br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:Indian documentary filmmakers]]<br /> [[Category:People from Dharamshala]]<br /> [[Category:People from New Delhi]]<br /> [[Category:Film producers from Delhi]]<br /> [[Category:Film directors from Delhi]]<br /> [[Category:21st-century Indian people]]<br /> [[Category:Indian women documentary filmmakers]]<br /> [[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]<br /> [[Category:20th-century Indian women artists]]</div>

Ellen248280 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Slender-billed_vulture&diff=536379 2025-10-05T07:26:53Z

<p>Ellen248280: Adding A Details</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Species of bird}}<br /> {{Speciesbox<br /> | genus = Gyps<br /> | species = tenuirostris<br /> | status = CR<br /> | status_system = IUCN3.1<br /> | status_ref = &lt;ref name=iucn&gt;{{cite iucn |author=BirdLife International |date=2021 |title=''Gyps tenuirostris'' |article-number=e.T22729460A204781113 |access-date=11 May 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | image = Slender-billed Vulture, Mishmi Hills, India (cropped).jpg<br /> | image_caption = Slender-billed Vulture in [[Arunachal Pradesh]], India<br /> | range_map = GypsBengalensisMap.svg<br /> | range_map_caption = Distribution in blue<br /> | authority = [[George Robert Gray|Gray, GR]], 1844&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |author=Gray, G.R. |year=1844 |title=The genera of birds: comprising their generic characters, a notice of the habits of each genus, and an extensive list of species referred to their several genera |volume=1 |publisher=Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans |location=London |chapter=Vulturinae, or Vultures |pages=5–6 |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/generabirdsIGray/page/6/mode/2up}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |author1=Hume, A. O. |year=1878 |title=''Gyps tenuirostris'' Hodgson |journal=Stray Feathers |volume=7 |page=326 |url=https://archive.org/details/strayfeathersjou71878hume/page/326/mode/2up}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|author=Deignan, H. G. |year=1946|title=The correct names of three Asiatic birds |journal=Ibis |volume=88 |pages=402–403 |doi=10.1111/j.1474-919X.1946.tb03492.x |url=http://darwin.biology.utah.edu/PubsHTML/LicePubPages/LicePDF%27s/1946/Clay1946mallophaganparasites.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | synonyms =''Gyps indicus tenuirostris''&lt;br/&gt;''Gyps indicus nudiceps''&lt;ref&gt;Baker, ECS (1927) Bull. Brit. Orn. Club 47:151&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |author=Rand, A. L. |author2=Fleming, R. L. |name-list-style=amp |year=1957 |title=Birds from Nepal |journal=Fieldiana: Zoology |volume=41 |issue=1 |page=55 |url=https://archive.org/details/birdsfromnepal411rand}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> }}<br /> <br /> The '''slender-billed vulture''' ('''''Gyps tenuirostris''''') is an [[Old World vulture]] [[species]] native to [[sub-Himalayan]] regions and [[Southeast Asia]]. It is [[Critically Endangered]] since 2002 as the population on the Indian subcontinent has declined rapidly. As of 2021, fewer than 870 mature individuals are thought to remain.&lt;ref name=iucn /&gt;<br /> <br /> It used to be the [[Indian vulture]], under the name of &quot;long-billed vulture&quot;. However, these two species have non-overlapping distribution ranges and can be immediately told apart by trained observers, even at considerable distances. The Indian vulture is found only to the south of the [[Ganges]] and breeds on cliffs while the slender-billed vulture is found along and nests in trees.<br /> <br /> == Description ==<br /> At {{convert|80|to|95|cm|in|abbr=on}}, in length, this mid-sized vulture is about the same size as its sister species, the [[Indian vulture]].&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.arkive.org/slender-billed-vulture/gyps-tenuirostris/#text=Facts|Slender-billed Vulture facts] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110811030511/http://www.arkive.org/slender-billed-vulture/gyps-tenuirostris/#text=Facts%7CSlender-billed |date=2011-08-11 }} (2011).&lt;/ref&gt; The wingspan of the vulture ranges from 196 to 258&amp;nbsp;cm (77 to 102 in). The slender-billed vulture is commonly mistaken for the Indian vulture, but there are a few key differences that differentiate the two species, primarily its darker head, and bill that is thinner than its sister species.&lt;ref name=&quot;:02&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=del Hoyo |first1=Josep |last2=Collar |first2=Nigel |last3=Marks |first3=Jeffrey S. |date=2020 |title=Slender-billed Vulture (Gyps tenuirostris), version 1.0 |url=https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/slbvul1/1.0/introduction |journal=Birds of the World |language=en |doi=10.2173/bow.slbvul1.01 |issn=2771-3105|url-access=subscription }}&lt;/ref&gt; This vulture is mostly grey with a pale rump and grey under-tail coverts. The thighs have whitish down. The neck is long, bare, skinnier than the Indian vulture and black. The black head is angular and narrow and its dark bill appears narrow midway, which also has a light spot on the culmen.&lt;ref name=&quot;:02&quot;/&gt; The ear opening is prominent and exposed,&lt;ref name=&quot;pcr&quot;&gt;{{cite book | author = Rasmussen, PC | author2 = JC Anderton | name-list-style = amp | year = 2005 | title = Birds of South Asia: The Ripley Guide. Volume 2 | publisher = Smithsonian Institution &amp; Lynx Edicions | page = 90 }}&lt;/ref&gt; and the head and neck are very wrinkled in contrast to its sister species.<br /> <br /> Juvenile slender-billed vultures are extremely similar to adults save for the white down on the back base of its neck, which it loses as it matures.&lt;ref name=&quot;:02&quot;/&gt; Vultures do not show signs of sexual dimorphism, which is when the males and females of the species vary in appearance to each other, and the slender-billed vulture is no different.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=del Hoyo |first=Josep |title=New World vultures to guineafowl |date=1994 |publisher=Verlag nicht ermittelbar |isbn=978-84-87334-15-3 |editor-last=del Hoyo |editor-first=Josep |series=Handbook of the birds of the world / hrsg. von Josep del Hoyo, Andrew Elliott, Jordi Sargatal |location=Ort nicht ermittelbar}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Distribution and habitat ==<br /> The slender-billed vulture is found in [[India]] from the [[Gangetic plain]] north, west to [[Himachal Pradesh]], south potentially as far as northern [[Odisha]], and east through [[Assam]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Yearbook&quot;&gt;{{cite book | title = Rare Birds Yearbook 2008 | publisher = MagDig Media Lmtd | year = 2007 | location = England | pages = 124–125 | isbn = 978-0-9552607-3-5 }}&lt;/ref&gt; It is also found in north and central [[Bangladesh]], southern [[Nepal]], [[Burma]] and [[Cambodia]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Yearbook&quot; /&gt; It also nests in trees, unlike its sister species the Indian vulture which nests on cliff sides. Commonly found in areas that have slaughterhouses and small civilizations.&lt;ref name=&quot;:02&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> Slender-billed vultures in the eastern range of these areas are also highly fragmented from each other.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Botha |first1=André |last2=Andevski |first2=Jovan |last3=Bowden |first3=Chris |last4=Gudka |first4=Masumi |last5=Safford |first5=Roger |last6=Williams |first6=Nick P. |date=2017 |title=Multi-species Action Plan to Conserve African-Eurasian Vultures |url=https://www.cms.int/sites/default/files/document/cms_cop12_doc.24.1.4_annex3_vulture-msap_e.pdf |journal=CMS Raptors MOU Technical Publication No. 5.}}&lt;/ref&gt; They typically are sedentary birds, and do not tend to travel large distances nor migrate for any reason. On occasion, slender-billed vultures will travel distances when scavenging for food, and have been recorded as well traversing past the borders of neighboring countries such as Laos, Cambodia and Vietnam.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; These records of movement have also decreased with the declining population.<br /> <br /> == Ecology and behavior ==<br /> <br /> === Breeding ===<br /> The breeding season of this species occurs between the autumn and winter months of October and March, where a pair will build a large nest made of large, compact sticks high off of the ground where it is built into the branches of large trees. Typical breeding trees for this species tend to be quite large, ranging from 7 to 25 meters.&lt;ref name=&quot;:12&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Botha |first1=André |last2=Andevski |first2=Jovan |last3=Bowden |first3=Chris |last4=Gudka |first4=Masumi |last5=Safford |first5=Roger |last6=Williams |first6=Nick P. |date=2017 |title=Multi-species Action Plan to Conserve African-Eurasian Vultures |url=https://www.cms.int/sites/default/files/document/cms_cop12_doc.24.1.4_annex3_vulture-msap_e.pdf |journal=CMS Raptors MOU Technical Publication No. 5.}}&lt;/ref&gt; These vultures are solitary nesters, which means that will not nest in close proximity with any other nests. Once the pair and nest is established, slender-billed vultures almost exclusively lay one egg for each clutch, which takes around a month and a half (50 days) to incubate.&lt;ref name=&quot;:02&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> === Feeding ===<br /> The slender-billed vulture, like many vultures, feeds on carrion, or carcasses of dead mammals. This primarily consists of cattle and other kinds of livestock as well as the occasional human carcass. Beyond any preexisting carrion that it can find, these vultures will also scavenge for scraps in dumpsters and dump sites. They also appear to be quite social with other vultures,&lt;ref name=&quot;:24&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Slender-billed Vulture (Gyps tenuirostris) - BirdLife species factsheet |url=https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/slender-billed-vulture-gyps-tenuirostris/text |access-date=2024-11-06 |website=datazone.birdlife.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; and has been spotted feeding in large groups also consisting of white-rumped vulture (''Gyps bengalensis''), and red-headed vultures (''Sarcogyps calvus'').&lt;ref name=&quot;:02&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> == Status and conservation==<br /> {{Main article|Indian vulture crisis}}<br /> This species has suffered a marked decline in its numbers in recent years. The population of this species and the Indian vulture declined by 97% overall and in [[India]] annual decline rates for both species averaged over 16% between 2000–2007. As the slender-billed vulture has also recently been identified as its own species, there is a struggle to correctly identify the correct vulture to include in the recorded counts of the species.&lt;ref name=&quot;:24&quot;/&gt; Wild populations remain from northern and eastern [[India]] through southern [[Nepal]] and [[Bangladesh]], with a small population in [[Burma]]. The only breeding colony in Southeast Asia is in the Steung Treng province of [[Cambodia]]. This colony is thought to number about 50–100 birds. The survival of the vultures in Cambodia may have been partly because [[diclofenac]], which is poisonous to vultures, is not available there. The [[Royal Society for the Protection of Birds]] (RSPB) has placed the approximate number of slender-billed vultures living beyond confines at about 1,000 in 2009 and predictions estimate total extinction within the next decade amongst the wild population.&lt;ref name=&quot;Alleyne2009&quot;&gt;{{cite news |last =Alleyne |first=R. |title=Endangered vulture could be saved thanks to help from RSPB |newspaper=Telegraph |date=2009 |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/earth/wildlife/5977503/Endangered-vulture-could-be-saved-thanks-to-help-from-RSPB.html |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090810000238/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/earth/wildlife/5977503/Endangered-vulture-could-be-saved-thanks-to-help-from-RSPB.html | archive-date = 2009-08-10| access-date = 2009-08-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;VultureBirths&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> The slender-billed vulture is a protected species listed on the appendix II list of [[CITES]], because its numbers have declined rapidly. Its decline is largely due to the use of the [[non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug]] (NSAID) [[diclofenac]] in working farm animals. Diclofenac is poisonous to vultures, causing [[kidney failure]], and is being replaced by [[meloxicam]] (another NSAID), which is not [[Toxicity|toxic]] to vultures.&lt;ref name=&quot;PressAssociation&quot;&gt;{{cite news | author = Press Association |title = Boost for endangered vultures after captive breeding success| newspaper = Guardian | date = 2009-08-06 | url = https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2009/aug/06/endangered-vultures-breed |access-date = 2009-08-06}}&lt;/ref&gt; The retail sale of Diclofenac is banned by law in India; however, Diclofenac is still acquired illegally and applied to livestock.&lt;ref name=&quot;Alleyne2009&quot; /&gt; In an effort to combat this, India has also limited the version of the drug for humans being sold in vials any larger than 3 mL in an attempt to discourage its illegal use on livestock, which would need a significantly higher dosage to show results.&lt;ref name=&quot;:24&quot;/&gt; However, it appears that there has been no evidence of Diclofenac in Cambodia, which has placed an emphasis on the preservation of the small population that still exists there, as they are less likely to have issues with breeding due to the presence of the drug.&lt;ref name=&quot;:24&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> [[captive breeding|Captive-breeding]] programs in India are aiming to conserve the species, and it is hoped that vultures can be released back in the wild when the environment is free of diclofenac.&lt;ref name=&quot;Alleyne2009&quot; /&gt; Joint efforts between the RSPB and the [[Zoological Society of London]] resulted in the first successful captive breeding in 2009.&lt;ref name=&quot;Alleyne2009&quot; /&gt; Two slender-billed vultures hatched and are being independently cared for in [[Haryana]] and [[West Bengal]].&lt;ref name=&quot;VultureBirths&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title = Indian vulture births are hailed | newspaper = BBC News| date = 2009-08-06| url = https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/8187533.stm| access-date = 2009-08-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;PressAssociation&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> Another form of conservation was the establishment of sites known as &quot;vulture restaurants&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Gilbert |first1=Martin |last2=Watson |first2=Richard T. |last3=Ahmed |first3=Shakeel |last4=Asim |first4=Muhammad |last5=Johnson |first5=Jeff A. |date=2007 |title=Vulture restaurants and their role in reducing diclofenac exposure in Asian vultures |url=https://www.proquest.com/docview/213624636 |journal=Bird Conservation International |volume=17 |issue=1 |pages=63–77 |doi=10.1017/S0959270906000621 |id={{ProQuest|213624636}} }}&lt;/ref&gt; The purpose of these places were to have a place to supply local vulture populations with guaranteed safe carcasses for them to eat. These carcasses were typically supplied by farms that were confirmed not to have used Diclofenac on their animals. These vulture restaurants were also instated in areas with generally little food sources or nutrient poor food sources in an effort to provide the meager vulture populations with food.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; As of 2017, a total of 51 slender-billed vultures had been spotted at various vulture restaurants.&lt;ref name=&quot;:13&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Botha |first1=André |last2=Andevski |first2=Jovan |last3=Bowden |first3=Chris |last4=Gudka |first4=Masumi |last5=Safford |first5=Roger |last6=Williams |first6=Nick P. |date=2017 |title=Multi-species Action Plan to Conserve African-Eurasian Vultures |url=https://www.cms.int/sites/default/files/document/cms_cop12_doc.24.1.4_annex3_vulture-msap_e.pdf |journal=CMS Raptors MOU Technical Publication No. 5.}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The group SAVE (Saving Asia's Vultures from Extinction) has also begun in the past decade an effort to create a multitude of &quot;Vulture Safe Zones&quot;, which are heavily protected areas that have at least a 100&amp;nbsp;km radius that aim to be created around crucial breeding populations of the species. The goal is to create a safe place for the vultures to reproduce again as well as achieving outreach to public and governmental groups. After breeding in captivity, the hope is that these zones would create a safe and stable environment to release the species into. As of 2014, there were 12 of these Vulture Safe Zones currently in the process of being established.&lt;ref name=&quot;:24&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> {{Commons|Gyps tenuirostris}}<br /> {{Wikispecies|Gyps tenuirostris}}<br /> * [http://www.earthtimes.org/articles/show/28144.html Colony of Endangered Vultures Discovered in Cambodia]<br /> * [http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/species/index.html?action=SpcHTMDetails.asp&amp;sid=30234&amp;m=0 BirdLife Species Factsheet.]<br /> * [http://ibc.hbw.com/ibc/phtml/especie.phtml?idEspecie=618 Slender-billed vulture videos]<br /> <br /> {{Vulture}}<br /> {{Taxonbar|from=Q862806}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Gyps|slender-billed vulture]]<br /> [[Category:Birds of prey of Asia]]<br /> [[Category:Birds of Bangladesh]]<br /> [[Category:Birds of India]]<br /> [[Category:Birds of Nepal]]<br /> [[Category:Birds of Eastern Himalaya]]<br /> [[Category:Birds of Southeast Asia]]<br /> [[Category:Critically endangered fauna of Asia]]<br /> [[Category:Birds described in 1844|slender-billed vulture]]<br /> [[Category:Taxa named by George Robert Gray|slender-billed vulture]]</div>

Ellen248280 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bagelkhand&diff=475653 2025-09-26T10:02:56Z

<p>Ellen248280: brief expanded content based on references also and fixed typos for accuracy</p> <hr /> <div>#REDIRECT [[Baghelkhand]]<br /> <br /> {{Redirect category shell|<br /> {{R from move}}<br /> }}</div>

Ellen248280 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bihar_Lokayukta&diff=491551 2025-08-07T02:59:53Z

<p>Ellen248280: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Anti-corruption Ombudsman for the state of Bihar}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=August 2024}}<br /> {{Infobox law enforcement agency<br /> | agencyname = Bihar Lokayukta<br /> | nativename =<br /> | nativenamea =<br /> | nativenamer =<br /> | commonname =<br /> | patch =<br /> | patchcaption =<br /> | logo = <br /> | logocaption =<br /> | badge =<br /> | badgecaption =<br /> | flag =<br /> | flagcaption =<br /> | image_size = <br /> | motto =<br /> | mottotranslated =<br /> | mission =<br /> | formed = 2011<br /> | preceding1 =<br /> | employees = <br /> | volunteers =<br /> | budget = <br /> | country = India<br /> | federal = No<br /> | map =<br /> | mapcaption =<br /> | sizearea =<br /> | sizepopulation =<br /> | legaljuris =<br /> | governingbody =<br /> | governingbodyscnd =<br /> | constitution1 =<br /> | restriction =<br /> | overviewtype =<br /> | overviewbody =<br /> | headquarters = Lokyukta, Bihar, 4, Kautilya Marg, Bailey Road, Patna-800001, Bihar. Ph : 0612-2215236, Fax : 0612-2204844 E-mail : lokayukta-bih@nic.in.&lt;ref name=&quot;Bihar Lok Ref7&quot; /&gt;<br /> | hqlocmap =<br /> | hqlocleft =<br /> | hqloctop =<br /> | hqlocmappoptitle =<br /> | sworntype =<br /> | sworn =<br /> | unsworntype =<br /> | unsworn =<br /> | electeetype =<br /> | minister1name =<br /> | minister1pfo =<br /> | chief1name = Hon'ble Mr. Kirti Chandra Saha.<br /> | chief1position = <br /> | parentagency =<br /> | website =<br /> | child1agency =<br /> | unittype =<br /> | unitname =<br /> | officetype =<br /> | officename =<br /> | stationtype =<br /> | stations =<br /> }}<br /> The '''Bihar Lokayukta''' is the [[Parliamentary Ombudsman]] for the state of [[Bihar]] ([[India]]). It is a high level statutory functionary,  created to address grievances of the public against ministers, legislators, administration and public servants in issues related to misuse of power, mal-administration and corruption.&lt;ref name=&quot;Bihar Lok Ref2&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title=What is a Lokayukta? |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/what-is-a-lokayukta-423575 |access-date=5 September 2021 |publisher=NDTV.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; It was first formed under the Bihar Lokayukta and Upa-Lokayukta Act, and approved by the [[president of India]] on 2011. The [[Lokpal and Lokayuktas Act, 2013|Lokpal and Lokayukta's Act, 2013]], that had been adopted by the [[Parliament of India|Indian Parliament]] and became law on 16 January 2014, required each state in India to appoint its [[Lokayukta]] within a year.&lt;ref name=&quot;Bihar Lok Ref3&quot;&gt;{{cite news |last1=Seetharaman |first1=G. |title=Delay in appointment of Lokpal &amp; Lokayukta: Who will bell the graft? |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/why-there-is-no-lokpal-at-centre-and-lokayukta-in-many-states/articleshow/66570168.cms |access-date=5 September 2021 |newspaper=The Economic Times |date=10 November 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Bihar Lok Ref4&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title=Lok Sabha passes landmark Lokpal Bill |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/lok-sabha-passes-landmark-lokpal-bill/article20701403.ece1 |access-date=5 September 2021 |publisher=businessline |date=12 March 2018 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Under the 2013 law, a bench of Lokayukta should consist of judicial and non-judicial members.&lt;ref name=&quot;Bihar Lok Ref5&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title=Only four states have appointed judicial, non-judicial members of Lokayukta, says report |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/only-four-states-have-appointed-judicial-non-judicial-members-of-lokayukta-says-report/articleshow/79627314.cms?from=mdr |access-date=5 September 2021 |newspaper=The Economic Times |date=8 December 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; An Upa-Lokayukta is a deputy to the Lokayukta and assists with her or his work and acts as the in-charge Lokayukta in case the position falls vacant before time.<br /> <br /> A [[Lokayukta]] of the state is appointed to office by the state [[Governor]] after consulting the committee consisting of State [[Chief Minister]], [[Speaker (politics)|Speaker]] of Legislative Assembly, [[Leader of Opposition]], Chairman of Legislative Council and Leader of Opposition of Legislative Council and cannot be removed from office except for reasons specified in the Act and will serve the period of five years.<br /> <br /> == History and administration ==<br /> Bihar Lokayukta and Upa Lokayuka Act was passed on 22 December 2011.&lt;ref name=&quot;Bihar Lok Ref12&quot;&gt;{{cite news |last1=Banerjee |first1=Shoumojit |title=Bihar Assembly passes Lokayukta Bill |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/bihar-assembly-passes-lokayukta-bill/article2695925.ece |access-date=6 September 2021 |work=The Hindu |date=7 December 2011 |language=en-IN}}&lt;/ref&gt; To prevent misuse of the institution the Act was amended in the year 2021.&lt;ref name=&quot;Bihar Lok Ref1&quot; /&gt; The office of Bihar Lokayukta is situated in 4, Kautilya Marg, Bailey Road, Patna-800001, Bihar.<br /> <br /> == Oath or affirmation ==<br /> {{Blockquote|&quot;I, &lt;name&gt;, having been appointed Lokayukta (or Upa-Lokayukta) do swear in the name of God (or solemnly affirm) that I will bear faith and allegiance to the Constitution of India as by law established and I will duly and faithfully and to the best of my ability, knowledge and judgment perform the duties of my office without fear or favour, affection or ill-will.&quot;<br /> <br /> |First Schedule, Bihar Lokayukta and Upa-Lokayuktas Act, 1986}}<br /> <br /> == Powers ==<br /> As per the Bihar Lokayukta's Act, it empowers the Lokayukta to file a case in a special court of complaint received by it and forward the report with its findings and recommendation for disciplinary action to the competent authority against the complainant.&lt;ref name=&quot;Bihar Lok Ref11&quot;&gt;{{cite news |last1=Karmakar |first1=Debashish |title=Patna HC: Lokayukta not super executive body empowered to control executive and issue commandments {{!}} Patna News - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/patna-hc-lokayukta-not-super-executive-body-empowered-to-control-executive-and-issue-commandments/articleshow/76220571.cms |access-date=6 September 2021 |work=The Times of India |date=5 June 2020 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bihar Lokayukta has independent powers to investigate and prosecute any government official or [[public servants]] of all grades,&lt;ref name=&quot;Bihar Lok Ref1&quot; /&gt; who are covered by the act and against whom the complaint is received for abusing his authority for self interest or causes hurt to anyone or any action done intentionally or following corrupt practices negatively impacting the state or individual. Once a complaint is received on allegations of corruption, wrong use of authority and misdeeds by any of the public functionaries who may include the Chief Minister, Ministers under him and members of Legislature Assembly, Lokayukta has the power to recommend enquiry to necessary authorities and prosecute, if proven.<br /> <br /> In year 2021, to avoid the wastage of the institution time and its misuse and penalising the people for filing wrong cases, an amendment had been introduced in the Bihar Lokayukta and Upa-Lokayukta's Act.&lt;ref name=&quot;Bihar Lok Ref1&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title=Bihar Assembly passes Lokayukta Bill |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2021/mar/18/bihar-assembly-passes-lokayukta-bill-2278427.html |access-date=5 September 2021 |newspaper=The New Indian Express |date=18 March 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Appointment and tenure ==<br /> Following are the details and tenure of Bihar Lokayuktas.&lt;ref name=&quot;Bihar Lok Ref7&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Lokayukta Bihar |url=https://www.lokayukta.bih.nic.in/ |website=www.lokayukta.bih.nic.in |access-date=5 September 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Index !!Name !! Holding charge from !! Holding charge to<br /> |-<br /> | 1<br /> | Hon’ble Sri Shridhar Vasudeva Sohoni, I.C.S. (Retd.)<br /> | 28 May 1973<br /> | 27 May 1978 <br /> |-<br /> | 2<br /> | Justice(Retd), Hon’ble Mr. Shyam Nandan Prasad Singh<br /> | 8 June 1978 <br /> | 7 June 1983<br /> |-<br /> | 3<br /> | Justice(Retd), Hon’ble Mr. Justice Syed Sarwar Ali<br /> | 7 February 1991<br /> | 6 February 1996<br /> |-<br /> | 4<br /> | Justice(Retd), Hon’ble Mr. Narbadeshwar Pandey<br /> | 8 June 2001<br /> | 7 June 2006<br /> |-<br /> | 5<br /> | Justice(Retd), Hon’ble Mr. Ram Nandan Prasad<br /> | 25 August 2006<br /> | 24 August 2011<br /> |-<br /> | 6<br /> | Justice(Retd), Hon’ble Mr. C. M. Prasad<br /> | 25 August 2011<br /> | 24 August 2016<br /> |-<br /> | 7<br /> | Justice(Retd), Hon’ble Mr. Mihir Kumar Jha<br /> | 18 May 2016<br /> | 17 May 2021<br /> |-<br /> | 8<br /> | Hon’ble Mr. Kirti Chandra Saha, I.A.S. (Retd.)<br /> | 18 May 2016<br /> | 17 May 2021<br /> | 9<br /> |}Hon'ble justice sanjay kumar singh<br /> | 10 july 2024<br /> | 9 july 2029<br /> <br /> == Notable cases ==<br /> In August 2021, in a case relating to alleged serious irregularities by some BR Ambedkar University officials in appointments and financial lapses in the University, the Bihar High Court has asked the petitioner to approach the Bihar Lokayukta.&lt;ref name=&quot;Bihar Lok Ref6&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title=HC asks petitioner to move Lokayukta with complaint against BRABU V-C |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/patna-news/hc-asks-petitioner-to-move-lokayukta-with-complaint-against-brabu-vc-101629822309384.html |access-date=5 September 2021 |newspaper=Hindustan Times |date=24 August 2021 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The Lokayukta of Bihar in one of its observations highlighted the financial mis-management issues in Purnea University.&lt;ref name=&quot;Bihar Lok Ref8&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title=Bihar Lokayukta probe points to financial irregularities in Purnea University |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/patna-news/bihar-lokayukta-probe-points-to-financial-irregularities-in-purnea-university-101612847463049.html |access-date=6 September 2021 |newspaper=Hindustan Times |date=9 February 2021 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Bihar Lok Ref9&quot;&gt;{{cite news |last1=Jain |first1=Isha |title=DDU VC under Bihar Lokayukta lens for fin lapses during stint at Purnea varsity {{!}} Lucknow News - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/ddu-vc-under-bihar-lokayukta-lens-for-fin-lapses-during-stint-at-purnea-varsity/articleshow/80757094.cms |access-date=6 September 2021 |work=The Times of India |date=9 February 2021 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == See also ==<br /> <br /> [[The Lokpal and Lokayuktas Act, 2013]]<br /> <br /> [[West Bengal Lokayukta]]<br /> <br /> [[Delhi Lokayukta]]<br /> <br /> [[Karnataka Lokayukta]]<br /> <br /> [[Maharashtra Lokayukta]]<br /> <br /> [[Uttar Pradesh Lokayukta]]<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> * [http://www.lokayukta.bih.nic.in/ Official website]<br /> <br /> {{Lokayukta}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Lokayuktas]]<br /> [[Category:Government of Bihar]]<br /> [[Category:2011 establishments in Bihar]]<br /> [[Category:Government agencies established in 2011]]</div>

Ellen248280 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dakshindari&diff=495376 2025-07-30T06:59:43Z

<p>Ellen248280: created redirect page</p> <hr /> <div>#REDIRECT [[Lake Town, Kolkata]]</div>

Ellen248280