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Narendra Sawaikar

2026-05-05T07:03:57Z

ElijahCombs83: Starting new stub

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2015}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| image = Narendra Sawaikar in 2015.jpg
| caption = Sawaikar in 2015
| office = [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha]]
| prime_minister = [[Narendra Modi]]
| term_start = 16 May 2014
| term_end = 23 May 2019
| predecessor = [[Francisco Sardinha]]
| successor = [[Francisco Sardinha]]
| office2 =
| prime minister2 =
| term_start2 =
| term_end2 =
| predecessor2 =
| successor2 =
| office3 =
| constituency = [[South Goa (Lok Sabha constituency)|South Goa]]
| birth_name = Narendra Keshav Sawaikar
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1966|12|29}}
| birth_place =
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| profession = Advocate, Agriculturist
| children = 1
}}

'''Narendra Keshav Sawaikar''' is an Indian advocate and politician who has served as Commissioner for NRI Affairs in the [[Government of Goa]] since July 2019.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sawaikar is NRI Commissioner, EDC for Tanavde |url=https://www.thegoan.net//sawaikar-is-nri-commissioner-edc-for-tanavde/52609.html |access-date=2026-02-10 |website=The Goan EveryDay |language=en}}</ref> He previously served as a [[Member of Parliament]], representing [[South Goa Lok Sabha constituency|South Goa]] from 2014 to 2019.

==Personal life==
He was born on 29 December.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.thegoan.net/Goa/Big-Story/If-Reginaldo-wants-to-contest-the-MP-election-why-does-he-not-first-resign-as-MLA/07682.html |title=Narendra Sawaikar |access-date=16 May 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150122132107/http://www.thegoan.net/Goa/Big-Story/If-Reginaldo-wants-to-contest-the-MP-election-why-does-he-not-first-resign-as-MLA/07682.html |archive-date=22 January 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref> He completed his SSCE<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.thegoan.net/Goa/Big-Story/If-Reginaldo-wants-to-contest-the-MP-election-why-does-he-not-first-resign-as-MLA/07682.html |title=Narendra Sawaikar |access-date=16 May 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150122132107/http://www.thegoan.net/Goa/Big-Story/If-Reginaldo-wants-to-contest-the-MP-election-why-does-he-not-first-resign-as-MLA/07682.html |archive-date=22 January 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref> from M.I.B.K. High School, Khandepar, [[Ponda taluk|Ponda]]. After completing his HSSCE from the Dhempe Higher Secondary School<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.thegoan.net/Goa/Big-Story/If-Reginaldo-wants-to-contest-the-MP-election-why-does-he-not-first-resign-as-MLA/07682.html |title=Narendra Sawaikar |access-date=16 May 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150122132107/http://www.thegoan.net/Goa/Big-Story/If-Reginaldo-wants-to-contest-the-MP-election-why-does-he-not-first-resign-as-MLA/07682.html |archive-date=22 January 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref> in [[Panaji]], he pursued [[Bachelor of Arts|B.A.]] from the [[Bombay University]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.thegoan.net/Goa/Big-Story/If-Reginaldo-wants-to-contest-the-MP-election-why-does-he-not-first-resign-as-MLA/07682.html |title=Narendra Sawaikar |access-date=16 May 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150122132107/http://www.thegoan.net/Goa/Big-Story/If-Reginaldo-wants-to-contest-the-MP-election-why-does-he-not-first-resign-as-MLA/07682.html |archive-date=22 January 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Sawaikar achieved a degree in [[law]] ([[LL.B]]) from the [[Goa University]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.thegoan.net/Goa/Big-Story/If-Reginaldo-wants-to-contest-the-MP-election-why-does-he-not-first-resign-as-MLA/07682.html |title=Narendra Sawaikar |access-date=16 May 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150122132107/http://www.thegoan.net/Goa/Big-Story/If-Reginaldo-wants-to-contest-the-MP-election-why-does-he-not-first-resign-as-MLA/07682.html |archive-date=22 January 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref> His wife is a teacher by profession.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://myneta.info/ls2014/candidate.php?candidate_id=1989 |title=Adv. Narendra Keshav Sawaikar(Bharatiya Janata Party(BJP)):Constituency- SOUTH GOA(GOA) - Affidavit Information of Candidate |access-date=16 May 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140609203237/http://myneta.info/ls2014/candidate.php?candidate_id=1989 |archive-date=9 June 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Political and legal career==
During college days Shri. Sawaikar was actively associated with Students Movement of Goa and had successfully led many agitations.
Mr. Sawaikar also served as the Chairman of the Students' Council of [[Goa University]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.thegoan.net/Goa/Big-Story/If-Reginaldo-wants-to-contest-the-MP-election-why-does-he-not-first-resign-as-MLA/07682.html |title=Narendra Sawaikar |access-date=16 May 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150122132107/http://www.thegoan.net/Goa/Big-Story/If-Reginaldo-wants-to-contest-the-MP-election-why-does-he-not-first-resign-as-MLA/07682.html |archive-date=22 January 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

He began his legal profession as a junior under Justice [[Ferdino Rebello]], the former Chief Justice of [[Allahabad High Court]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.thegoan.net/Goa/Big-Story/If-Reginaldo-wants-to-contest-the-MP-election-why-does-he-not-first-resign-as-MLA/07682.html |title=Narendra Sawaikar |access-date=16 May 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150122132107/http://www.thegoan.net/Goa/Big-Story/If-Reginaldo-wants-to-contest-the-MP-election-why-does-he-not-first-resign-as-MLA/07682.html |archive-date=22 January 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref> He has also served as the Standing Counsel for Union of India and represented Govt. Of Goa in the High court of Bombay at Goa.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://goalawcommission.gov.in/chairman.htm |title=Law Commission, Govt of Goa |access-date=16 May 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140529102817/http://goalawcommission.gov.in/chairman.htm |archive-date=29 May 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref>

He began his political career as Panchayat incharge and for 9 years worked as the General secretary of BJP South Goa, District.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.thegoan.net/Goa/Big-Story/If-Reginaldo-wants-to-contest-the-MP-election-why-does-he-not-first-resign-as-MLA/07682.html |title=Narendra Sawaikar |access-date=16 May 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150122132107/http://www.thegoan.net/Goa/Big-Story/If-Reginaldo-wants-to-contest-the-MP-election-why-does-he-not-first-resign-as-MLA/07682.html |archive-date=22 January 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Later he was appointed as state secretary of [[BJP]]'s Goa unit and State General Secretary of BJP Goa Pradesh.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.thegoan.net/Goa/Big-Story/If-Reginaldo-wants-to-contest-the-MP-election-why-does-he-not-first-resign-as-MLA/07682.html |title=Narendra Sawaikar |access-date=16 May 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150122132107/http://www.thegoan.net/Goa/Big-Story/If-Reginaldo-wants-to-contest-the-MP-election-why-does-he-not-first-resign-as-MLA/07682.html |archive-date=22 January 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

He also served as the Chairman of the Goa State Law Commission.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.navhindtimes.in/goa-news/narendra-sawaikar-new-chairman-goa-law-commission |title = Narendra Sawaikar is new chairman of Goa Law Commission | iGoa |archive-url=https://archive.today/20140516131408/http://www.navhindtimes.in/goa-news/narendra-sawaikar-new-chairman-goa-law-commission |archive-date=16 May 2014 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-karnataka/law-commission-chief-accused-of-abuse-of-power/article3604578.ece|title = Law Commission chief accused of abuse of power|newspaper = The Hindu|date = 5 July 2012}}</ref> He is actively associated with the Goa's cooperative movement and is with the Goa Bagayatdar Sahakari Kharedi Vikri Sanstha Maryadit- the state's largest cooperative society and is presently the Chairman of the said society.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/agriculture/rains-hit-areca-nut-crop-in-goa/article798683.ece|title = Rains hit areca nut crop in Goa|newspaper = The Hindu|date = 27 September 2010}}</ref> since 2006,<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.thegoan.net/Goa/Big-Story/If-Reginaldo-wants-to-contest-the-MP-election-why-does-he-not-first-resign-as-MLA/07682.html |title=Narendra Sawaikar |access-date=16 May 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150122132107/http://www.thegoan.net/Goa/Big-Story/If-Reginaldo-wants-to-contest-the-MP-election-why-does-he-not-first-resign-as-MLA/07682.html |archive-date=22 January 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref> also he served as the society's Chairman.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/agriculture/rains-hit-areca-nut-crop-in-goa/article798683.ece|title = Rains hit areca nut crop in Goa|newspaper = The Hindu|date = 27 September 2010}}</ref>

He unsuccessfully contested the 2009 Lok Sabha elections from [[South Goa (Lok Sabha constituency)|South Goa seat]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/fransisco-sardinha-wins-in-south-goa-ls-seat-109051600178_1.html |title=Fransisco Sardinha wins in South Goa LS seat |newspaper=Business Standard India |date=16 May 2009 |access-date=16 May 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140518000619/http://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/fransisco-sardinha-wins-in-south-goa-ls-seat-109051600178_1.html |archive-date=18 May 2014 |url-status=live |agency=Press Trust of India }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/goa-congress-bjp-win-with-lower-margin/article284214.ece |title=Goa: Congress, BJP win with lower margin |newspaper=The Hindu |date=17 May 2009 |access-date=16 May 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140518002521/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/goa-congress-bjp-win-with-lower-margin/article284214.ece |archive-date=18 May 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref> He contested 2014 Lok Sabha elections from the [[South Goa (Lok Sabha constituency)|South Goa seat]] as BJP candidate.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bjp.org/know-your-candidate/candidate/shri-narendra-keshav-sawaikar |title=BJP Web Site |access-date=22 April 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140517204254/http://www.bjp.org/know-your-candidate/candidate/shri-narendra-keshav-sawaikar |archive-date=17 May 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref> From 2014 to 2019 he was the member of the [[16th Lok Sabha]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.livemint.com/Politics/ZbAuMzI1dsX3D7dYo24IJL/BJP-wins-both-LS-seats-in-Goa.html |title=BJP wins both LS seats in Goa |date=16 May 2014 |access-date=16 May 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140517114932/http://www.livemint.com/Politics/ZbAuMzI1dsX3D7dYo24IJL/BJP-wins-both-LS-seats-in-Goa.html |archive-date=17 May 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-bjp-wins-both-seats-in-goa-1988931 |title=BJP wins both seats in Goa |date=16 May 2014 |access-date=16 May 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140517222231/http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-bjp-wins-both-seats-in-goa-1988931 |archive-date=17 May 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.navhindtimes.in/goa-news/sawaikar-overcomes-all-odds-bag-s-goa-ls-seat |title=Sawaikar overcomes all odds to bag S Goa LS seat | iGoa |accessdate=2014-05-18 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140517211414/http://www.navhindtimes.in/goa-news/sawaikar-overcomes-all-odds-bag-s-goa-ls-seat |archivedate=17 May 2014 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> On 5 June 2014, he took oath as member of the [[16th Lok Sabha]] in [[Konkani language]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://164.100.47.132/bull1/16/I/5.06.2014.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=8 June 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714230809/http://164.100.47.132/bull1/16/I/5.06.2014.pdf |archive-date=14 July 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

== Election results ==
{{Election box begin|title=[[2014 Indian general elections|General Election, 2014]]: South Goa <ref>{{cite web|url=http://eciresults.nic.in/ConstituencywiseS052.htm?ac=2|title=Constituencywise-All Candidates|publisher=ECI|accessdate=23 May 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140523230842/http://eciresults.nic.in/ConstituencywiseS052.htm?ac=2|archive-date=23 May 2014|url-status=live}}</ref>}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=Narendra Keshav Sawaikar|votes=1,98,776|percentage=48.44|change=+6.16|}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Indian National Congress|candidate=Aleixo Reginaldo Lourenco|votes=1,66,446|percentage=40.56|change=-6.32|}}

{{Election box candidate with party link|party=All India Trinamool Congress|candidate=[[Churchill Alemao]]|votes=11,932|percentage=2.91|change=|}}
{{Election box majority|votes=32,330|percentage=7.88|change=|}}
{{Election box turnout|votes=410,369|percentage=|change=|}}
{{Election box gain with party link||winner=Bharatiya Janata Party|loser=Indian National Congress|swing=+6.24}}
{{Election box end}}

==References==

{{reflist}}
{{16th LS members from Goa|state=expanded}}
{{Bharatiya Janata Party}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sawaikar, Narendra}}
[[Category:1966 births]]
[[Category:India MPs 2014–2019]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Lok Sabha members from Goa]]
[[Category:Politicians from South Goa district]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Goa]]

Visakhapatnam Lok Sabha constituency

2026-04-24T02:54:11Z

ElijahCombs83: Put up a data added tags!

{{Short description|Lok Sabha Constituency in Andhra Pradesh}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2019}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| type = LS
| name = Visakhapatnam {{Small|AP-4}}
| map_image = {{Maplink|frame=yes|plain=y|frame-width=300|frame-height=300|frame-align=center|type=shape|from=Lok Sabha constituencies/2019/Andhra Pradesh/Visakhapatnam.map}}
| map_caption = Interactive Map Outlining Visakhapatnam Lok Sabha constituency
| state = [[Andhra Pradesh]]
| established = 1952
| electors = 19,27,303<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://elections24.eci.gov.in/docs/WYKXFehhEH.pdf | title=EC releases absolute number of voters for all completed phases | publisher=Election Commission of India | date=2024-05-25 | access-date=27 May 2024 | archive-date=26 May 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240526095942/https://elections24.eci.gov.in/docs/WYKXFehhEH.pdf | url-status=dead }}</ref>
| latest_election_year = [[2024 Indian general election|2024]]
| reservation = None
| incumbent_image =
| mp = [[Mathukumilli Bharat]]
| party = {{Party index link|Telugu Desam Party}}
|alliance = {{Party index link|National Democratic Alliance}}
|preceded_by = [[M. V. V. Satyanarayana]]
| assembly_cons = [[Srungavarapukota Assembly constituency|Srungavarapukota]] [[Bheemili Assembly constituency|Bheemili]] [[Visakhapatnam East Assembly constituency|Visakhapatnam East]] [[Visakhapatnam South Assembly constituency|Visakhapatnam South]] [[Visakhapatnam North Assembly constituency|Visakhapatnam North]] [[Visakhapatnam West Assembly constituency|Visakhapatnam West]]
 [[Gajuwaka Assembly constituency|Gajuwaka]]
}}

[[File:LokSabha_constituencies_of_Andhra_Pradesh_(Visakhapatnam_highlighted).png | thumb | right | alt=Drawing of a map with Visakhapatnam Lok Sabha constituency highlighted in red in the top right | Location of Visakhapatnam Lok Sabha constituency within Andhra Pradesh]]
'''Visakhapatnam Lok Sabha constituency''' is one of the twenty-five [[List of constituencies of the Lok Sabha#Andhra Pradesh (25)|lok sabha constituencies]] of [[Andhra Pradesh]] in [[India]]. It comprises seven assembly segments and belongs to [[Visakhapatnam district]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008 |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf |website=The Election Commission of India |access-date=24 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181003220916/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf |archive-date=3 October 2018 |url-status=dead |page=30 |date=17 December 2018}}</ref>

==Assembly segments==
Visakhapatnam Lok Sabha constituency comprises the following Legislative Assembly segments:<ref name="ceo">{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf|title=Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008|publisher=The Election Commission of India|page=30}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!#
!Name
!District
!Member
! colspan="2" |Party
! colspan=2 |Leading {{small|(in 2024)}}
|-
|19
|[[Srungavarapukota Assembly constituency|Srungavarapukota]]
|[[Vizianagaram district|Vizianagaram]]
|[[Kolla Lalitha Kumari]]
|{{Party color cell|Telugu Desam Party|rowspan=3}}
|rowspan="3"|[[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]
|{{Party color cell|Telugu Desam Party|rowspan=7}}
|rowspan="7"|[[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]
|-
|20
|[[Bheemili Assembly constituency|Bheemili]]
| rowspan="7" |[[Visakhapatnam district|Visakhapatnam]]
|[[Ganta Srinivasa Rao]]
|-
|21
|[[Visakhapatnam East Assembly constituency|Visakhapatnam East]]
|[[Velagapudi Ramakrishna Babu]]
|-
|22
|[[Visakhapatnam South Assembly constituency|Visakhapatnam South]]
|[[Vamsi Krishna Srinivas]]
|{{Party color cell|Janasena Party}}
|[[Janasena Party|JSP]]
|-
|23
|[[Visakhapatnam North Assembly constituency|Visakhapatnam North]]
|[[Penmetsa Vishnu Kumar Raju]]
|{{Party color cell|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
|-
|24
|[[Visakhapatnam West Assembly constituency|Visakhapatnam West]]
|[[P. G. V. R. Naidu]]
|{{Party color cell|Telugu Desam Party|rowspan=2}}
|rowspan="2"|[[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]
|-
|25
|[[Gajuwaka Assembly constituency|Gajuwaka]]
|[[Palla Srinivasa Rao Yadav|Palla Srinivas Rao Yadav]]
|}

==Members of Parliament==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Year
!Member
! colspan="2" |Party
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[1952 Indian general election|1952]]
|[[Lanka Sundaram]]
|{{Full party name with color|Independent (politician)|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[Gam Malludora]]
|-
|[[1957 Indian general election|1957]]
|[[Pusapati Vijayarama Gajapati Raju]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=3}}
|-
|[[1962 Indian general election|1962]]
|[[Maharajkumar of Vizianagram]]
|-
|[[1967 Indian general election|1967]]
|[[Tenneti Viswanadham]]
|-
|[[1971 Indian general election|1971]]
|[[Pusapati Vijayarama Gajapati Raju]]
|style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress (R)}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress (R)]]
|-
|[[1977 Indian general election|1977]]
|[[Dronamraju Satyanarayana]]
|style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress (R)}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress (R)]]
|-
|[[1980 Indian general election|1980]]
|Appalaswamy Kommuru
|style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress }}" |
|[[Indian National Congress ]]
|-
|[[1984 Indian general election|1984]]
|[[Bhattam Srirama Murthy]]
|{{Full party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
|-
|[[1989 Indian general election|1989]]
|[[Uma Gajapathi Raju]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[1991 Indian general election|1991]]
|[[M. V. V. S. Murthi]]
|{{Full party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
|-
|[[1996 Indian general election|1996]]
| rowspan="2" |[[T. Subbarami Reddy]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[1998 Indian general election|1998]]
|-
|[[1999 Indian general election|1999]]
|[[M. V. V. S. Murthi]]
|{{Full party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
|-
|[[2004 Indian general election|2004]]
|[[N. Janardhana Reddy]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[2009 Indian general election|2009]]
|[[Daggubati Purandeswari]]
|-
|[[2014 Indian general election|2014]]
|[[Kambhampati Hari Babu]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|[[2019 Indian general election|2019]]
|[[M. V. V. Satyanarayana]]
|{{Full party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
|-
|[[2024 Indian general election|2024]]
|[[Mathukumilli Bharat]]
|{{Full party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
|}

==Election results==
===General Election 2024===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2024 Indian general elections]]: [[Visakhapatnam]]<ref name="2024 Loksabha Elections Results - Visakhapatnam">{{cite news |publisher=Election Commission of India |title=2024 Loksabha Elections Results - Visakhapatnam |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/PcResultGenJune2024/candidateswise-S014.htm |access-date=24 June 2024 |date=4 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240624155133/https://results.eci.gov.in/PcResultGenJune2024/candidateswise-S014.htm |archive-date=24 June 2024}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|party=Telugu Desam Party|candidate=[[Sribharat Mathukumilli|Mathukumilli Sribharat]]|votes=9,07,467|percentage=65.42|change={{increase}}30.53}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=YSRCP|candidate=[[Botcha Jhansi Lakshmi]]|votes=4,03,220|percentage=29.07|change={{decrease}}6.17}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Indian National Congress|candidate=Pulusu Satyanarayana Reddy|votes=30,267|percentage=2.18|change={{increase}}1.00}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Praja Shanti Party|candidate=[[K. A. Paul]]|votes=7,696|percentage=0.55|change=''N/A''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=None of the above|candidate=None of the above|votes=5,313|percentage=0.38|change={{decrease}}0.96}}
{{Election box majority|votes=5,04,247|percentage=36.35|change={{increase}}36.00}}
{{Election box turnout|votes=13,91,130|percentage=72.03|change={{increase}}4.24}}
{{Election box gain with party link
| winner =Telugu Desam Party
| loser =YSR Congress Party
| swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===General Election 2019===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2019 Indian general elections]]: [[Visakhapatnam]]}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
| party = YSR Congress Party
| candidate = [[M. V. V. Satyanarayana]]
| votes = 436,906
| percentage = 35.24
| change = -5.70
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Telugu Desam Party|candidate=[[Sribharat Mathukumilli|Mathukumilli Sribharat]]|votes=4,32,492|percentage=34.89|change=''N/A''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Janasena Party|candidate=[[V. V. Lakshminarayana]]|votes=2,88,874|percentage=23.30|change=''N/A''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=[[Daggubati Purandeswari]]|votes=33,892|percentage=2.73|change=-45.98}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=None of the above|candidate=None of the above|votes=16,646|percentage=1.34|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Indian National Congress|candidate=Pedada Ramanikumari|votes=14,633|percentage=1.18|change=-3.74}}
{{Election box majority|votes=4,414|percentage=0.35|change=}}
{{Election box turnout|votes=12,39,921|percentage=67.79|change=+0.25}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 18,29,300
|ref= }}
{{Election box gain with party link
| winner = YSR Congress Party
| loser = Bharatiya Janata Party
| swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===General Election 2014===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2014 Indian general elections]]: [[Visakhapatnam]]}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
| party = Bharatiya Janata Party
| candidate = [[Kambhampati Hari Babu]]
| votes = 566,832
| percentage = 48.71
| change = +45.71
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = YSR Congress Party
| candidate = [[Y. S. Vijayamma]]
| votes = 4,76,344
| percentage = 40.94
| change = +40.94
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Indian National Congress
| candidate = Bolisetti Satyanarayana
| votes = 50,632
| percentage = 4.35
| change = -32.08
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Bahujan Samaj Party
| candidate = Imandi Venkata Kurmarao
| votes = 14,947
| percentage = 1.28
| change = +0.41
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Sabbam Hari
|party = Jai Samaikyandhra Party
|votes = 6,644
|percentage = 0.57
|change = +0.57
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
| party = None of the above
| candidate = [[None of the above|None of the Above]]
| votes = 7,329
| percentage = 0.63
| change = +0.63
}}
{{Election box majority
| votes = 90,488
| percentage = 7.78
| change = +1.20
}}
{{Election box turnout
| votes = 11,63,558
| percentage = 67.54
| change = -5.41
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
| winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
| loser = Indian National Congress
| swing = +12.28
}}
{{Election box end}}

===General Election 2009===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2009 Indian general elections]]: [[Visakhapatnam]]}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
| party = Indian National Congress
| candidate = [[Daggubati Purandeswari]]
| votes = 368,812
| percentage = 36.43
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Praja Rajyam Party
| candidate = Palla Srinivasa Rao
| votes = 3,02,126
| percentage = 29.85
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Telugu Desam Party
| candidate = [[M. V. V. S. Murthi|Dr. M. V. V. S. Murthi]]
| votes = 2,23,117
| percentage = 22.04
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = M. T. Venkateswaralu
|party = Lok Satta Party
|votes = 39,363
|percentage = 3.89
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = D. V. Subbarao
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = 30,336
|percentage = 3.00
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
| votes = 66,686
| percentage = 6.58
| change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
| votes = 10,12,261
| percentage = 72.95
| change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
| winner = Indian National Congress
| swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===General Election 2004===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2014 Indian general elections|General Election, 2004]]: Visakhapatnam}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
| party = Indian National Congress
| candidate = [[Nedurumalli Janardhana Reddy]]
| votes = 524,122
| percentage = 54.27
| change = +8.71
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Telugu Desam Party
| candidate = [[M. V. V. S. Murthi|Dr. M. V. V. S. Murthi]]
| votes = 3,93,551
| percentage = 40.75
| change = -9.21
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Bahujan Samaj Party
| candidate = Kolaventi Sundara Rao
| votes = 16,673
| percentage = 1.73
| change =
}}

{{Election box majority
| votes = 130,571
| percentage = 13.52
| change = +17.92
}}
{{Election box turnout
| votes = 965,740
| percentage = 63.75
| change = -0.65
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
| winner = Indian National Congress
| loser = Telugu Desam Party
| swing = +8.71
}}
{{Election box end}}

===General Election 1998===
{{Election box begin | title=[[1998 Indian general election]]: [[Visakhapatnam]]}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
| party = Indian National Congress
| candidate = [[T. Subbarami Reddy]]
| votes = 3,75,782
| percentage = 42.21
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Telugu Desam Party
| candidate = [[Pusapati Ananda Gajapati Raju (born 1950)|Pusapati Ananda Gajapati Raju]]
| votes = 3,14,265
| percentage = 35.30
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Bharatiya Janata Party
| candidate = D. V. Subba Rao
| votes = 1,95,452
| percentage = 21.96
| change =
}}
{{Election box margin of victory
| votes = 61,517
| percentage = 6.91
| change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
| votes = 8,90,170
| percentage = 65.00
| change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
| winner = Indian National Congress
| swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}
{{notelist}}

== See also ==
* [[List of constituencies of the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://www.indiaelections2014.info/parliament/2019/states/andhra_pradesh/visakhapatnam/lok_sabha_parliamentary_election_2019_dates.html Visakhapatnam lok sabha constituency election 2019 date and schedule]

{{Lok Sabha constituencies of Andhra Pradesh}}
{{coords|17.8|83.2|display=title}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Visakhapatnam Lok Sabha constituency}}
[[Category:Lok Sabha constituencies in Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Politics of Visakhapatnam]]
[[Category:Lok Sabha constituencies established in 1952]]

Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Berhampur

2026-04-22T05:03:20Z

ElijahCombs83:

{{short description|Higher educational institute in Odisha, India}}
{{more citations needed|date=July 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2018}}
{{Infobox university
| name = Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Berhampur
| image = Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Berhampur Logo.svg
| established = 2016
| type = [[Public university]]
| chairperson = Prof. (Retd.) Arvind A. Natu,Chairperson BoG, IISER Kolkata(Additional charge of Chairperson BoG, IISER Berhampur)
| director = Ashok Kumar Ganguli
| budget = {{INRConvert|160.77|c}} {{small|([[Fiscal year|FY]]2024–25 est.)}}<ref name=nirf_stud/>
| academic_staff = 96<ref name=nirf_stud>{{cite web |title=NIRF 2026 |url=https://www.iiserbpr.ac.in/webcontrol/uploads/file_upload/NIRF_2026_-_Overall_Category_datetime_2026-04-06_10-34-47.pdf |publisher=IISER Berhampur}}</ref>
| students = 1,199<ref name=nirf_stud/>
| undergrad = 853<ref name=nirf_stud/>
| postgrad = 62<ref name=nirf_stud/>
| doctoral = 284<ref name=nirf_stud/>
| city = Laudigam, Konisi, Golanthara
| province = [[Ganjam district]]
| state = [[Odisha]]
| country = India-760003
| coor = {{Coord|19.1999921|N|84.8351025|E|region:IN-OD_type:edu|display=inline,title}}
| campus_size = Coastal area {{convert|200|acre|ha}}
| nickname = IISER-BPR
| website = {{URL|www.iiserbpr.ac.in}}
}}
'''Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Berhampur''' ('''IISER Berhampur''') is an autonomous public research and science education [[institute]] in [[Berhampur]], Odisha, India. Established in 2016, the institute is one of the 7 [[Indian Institutes of Science Education and Research|IISERs]] established by the [[Ministry of Human Resource Development]]. IISER Berhampur is recognized as an [[Institute of National Importance]] by the Government of India.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.iiserbpr.ac.in/institute/files/NITSER_ACT_2007.pdf|title=NIT Amendment Act 2012}}</ref> The institute started functioning from the 2016–17 academic year in August.
IISER Berhampur offers a Bachelor of Science and Master of Science (BS-MS) dual-degree, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.), and Integrated Ph.D. (i-Ph.D.) degrees in Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry, Biology, and Earth Sciences. Students can also pursue minors in fields such as Data Sciences, Bioengineering, and Engineering Physics. Additionally, IISER Berhampur provides opportunities for post-doctoral positions and various other roles, including Research Associate and Junior Research Fellow (JRF) project fellow.

==History ==
[[Indian Institutes of Science Education and Research]] (IISERs) were created in 2006 through a proclamation of the Indian government's [[Ministry of Human Resource Development]]. aiming to promote quality education and research in basic sciences. In the same year, IISERs opened in [[IISER Pune|Pune]] and [[IISER Kolkata|Kolkata]]. This was followed by institutes at [[IISER Mohali|Mohali]] (2007), [[IISER Bhopal|Bhopal]] and [[IISER Thiruvananthapuram|Trivandrum]] (2008), [[IISER Tirupati|Tirupati]] (2015) and Berhampur (2016). Each IISER is a degree-granting autonomous institution that aims to integrate science, education and research.<ref>{{cite web|website=IISER Bhopal|title=Background|url=https://www.iiserb.ac.in/page.php?page=Background%20&pid=9&id=2|access-date=3 December 2020|archive-date=12 November 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161112154837/http://iiserb.ac.in/page.php?page=Background%20&pid=9&id=2|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Campus==
During its early years, IISER Berhampur operated from a temporary campus at Government ITI Berhampur before moving to its permanent location at Laudigram near Berhampur. The campus spans over 200 acres, overlooks the [[Bay of Bengal]] and owns a stretch of beach.

The Institute premises include lecture theatres, separate accommodation for male and female students, a dining hall, an amphitheater and sports facilities for equestrian pursuits, athletics and tennis.

==Academic programs==
IISER Berhampur initially offers an Integrated BS-MS program, Integrated PhD, and PhD programs. Admissions to these programs are coordinated with other IISERs through a Joint Admission Programme.

Admission to the BS-MS program is only via the [[IISER Aptitude Test|IISER Aptitude Test (IAT)]] administered by Joint Admissions Committee. Earlier, [[Joint Entrance Examination – Advanced|JEE (Advanced)]] and [[KVPY]] ranks could also be used for taking admission in UG programs. For the PhD programs, candidates can apply with either a master's degree in science or a bachelor's degree for the integrated PhD program. Applicants are screened through interviews and must have qualified a national level entrance exam for the PhD program in science, such as CSIR-NET, GATE, or JGEEBILS.

The faculty at IISER Berhampur is organized into various disciplines, including Biology, Chemistry, Mathematics, Physics, Data Science, and Earth & Environmental Sciences. Interdisciplinary research is encouraged across these disciplines.
*

==See also==
* [[Indian Institutes of Science Education and Research]]

==External links==
* [https://www.iiseradmission.in/ IISER Website]
* [https://www.iiserbpr.ac.in/ IISER Berhampore official website]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Universities in Odisha}}
{{Department of Higher Education, Odisha}}
{{IISER}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Indian Institutes of Science Education and Research|Berhampur]]
[[Category:Research institutes in Odisha]]
[[Category:Education in Berhampur]]
[[Category:Universities and colleges established in 2016]]
[[Category:2016 establishments in Odisha]]

Thakkarbapa Nagar Assembly constituency

2026-04-19T19:35:42Z

ElijahCombs83: Put up basic post more to come

{{short description|Legislative Assembly constituency in Gujarat State, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2021}}
{{expand list|date=June 2025}}{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Thakkarbapa Nagar
| mla = [[Kanchanben Radadiya]]
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| latest_election_year = [[2022 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|2022]]
| state = Gujarat
| district = [[Ahmedabad district|Ahmedabad]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Ahmedabad East Lok Sabha constituency|Ahmedabad East]]
| established = 2008
| reservation = None
| electors = {{formatnum:243623}}<ref name=election2022>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/14750-gujarat-general-legislative-election-2022/ |title=Gujarat General Legislative Election 2022 |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date= 18 April 2023}}</ref>{{update after|2028|2}}
| constituency_no = 48
| type = SLA
}}

'''Thakkarbapa Nagar''' is one of the 182 [[Gujarat Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]] constituencies of [[Gujarat]] state in [[India]].<ref name=gjceo>{{cite web |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140125011107/http://ceo.gujarat.gov.in/download/PCAC.pdf |url=http://ceo.gujarat.gov.in/download/PCAC.pdf |archive-date=25 January 2014 |title=Parliament / Assembly constituency wise PS & Electors Detail - Draft Roll - 2014 |access-date= 1 June 2021|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/delim/Final_Publications/Gujarat/gujarat.pdf |title=Gujarat: Order No. 33: Table-A: Assembly constituency and Their Extent |date=12 December 2006 |website=Election Commission of India |publisher=Delimitation Commission of India |pages=2–31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305015941/http://eci.nic.in/delim/Final_Publications/Gujarat/gujarat.pdf |archive-date=5 March 2016 |url-status=dead |access-date=12 February 2017 }}</ref> It is part of [[Ahmedabad district|Ahmedabad]] district and it came into existence after 2008 delimitation.

==List of segments==

This assembly seat represents the following segments,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/delim/Final_Publications/Gujarat/gujarat.pdf|title=Gujarat: Order No. 33: Table-A: Assembly constituency and Their Extent|date=12 December 2006|website=Election Commission of India|publisher=Delimitation Commission of India|pages=2–31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305015941/http://eci.nic.in/delim/Final_Publications/Gujarat/gujarat.pdf|archive-date=5 March 2016|url-status=|access-date=12 February 2017}}</ref>

# Ahmedabad City Taluka (Part) – [[Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation]] (Part) Ward No. – 22, 25, 26.

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
*2022 - Kanchanben Vinubhai Radadiya, [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Year
!Member
!Picture
!colspan="2"|Party

|-
|[[2017 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|2017]]
| [[Vallabhbhai Kakadiya]]<ref name=election2017/> ||
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party | rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[2022 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|2022]]
| [[Kanchanben Radadiya|Kanchanben Vinubhai Radadiya]]||
|}

==Election results==
=== 2022 ===
<section begin="Assembly Election 2022"/>
{{Election box begin|
|title=[[2022 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|Gujarat Assembly election, 2022]]: Thakkarbapa Nagar Assembly constituency }}

{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[Kanchanben Radadiya]]|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|votes=89409|percentage=65.66|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Vijaykumar C. Brahmabhatt (Vijay Barot)|party=Indian National Congress|votes=25610|percentage=18.81|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Sanjay Mori|party=Aam Aadmi Party|votes=17456|percentage=12.82|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[None of the above]]|party=None of the above|votes=1910|percentage=1.4|change=}}
{{Election box majority||votes=|percentage=46.85|change=}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box registered electors
|reg. electors = {{formatnum:241619}}
|ref=<ref name="Gujarat Elections ECI">{{cite web |title=Gujarat Legislative Elections |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/72-gujarat/ |website=Election Commission of India |access-date=18 May 2022}}</ref>
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}<section end="Assembly Election 2022"/>

=== 2017 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2017 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election]]: [[Thakkarbapa Nagar]]<ref name=election2017>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3841-gujarat-general-legislative-election-2017/ |title=Gujarat General Legislative Election 2017 |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date= 11 July 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[Vallabhbhai Kakadiya]]
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = 88,124
|percentage = 59.77
|change = -3.17
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Babubhai Mangukiya|party=Indian National Congress|votes=54,036|percentage=36.65|change=+8.64}}{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Independent politician|candidate=[[Rahul Chimanbhai Mehta]]|votes=373|percentage=0.25|change=N/A}}
{{Election box majority||votes=34,088|percentage=23.12|change=}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=1,47,441|percentage=65.99|change=-2.59}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2012===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2012 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election]]: Thakkarbapa Nagar}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[Vallabhbhai Kakadiya]]
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = 88,731
|percentage = 62.94
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Geetaben Patel
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = 39,480
|percentage = 28.01
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 49,251
|percentage = 34.94
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 1,40,972
|percentage = 68.58
|change =
}}
{{Election box new seat win|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[List of constituencies of the Gujarat Legislative Assembly]]
* [[Ahmedabad district]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{cite web |title=Results of Gujarat Assembly Elections |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/72-gujarat/ |website=eci.gov.in |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=15 March 2022}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Gujarat|state=expanded}}
{{Gujarat elections|state=collapsed}}

{{coord|23.05|72.65|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Gujarat]]
[[Category:Ahmedabad district]]
[[Category:Politics of Gujarat]]
[[Category:2008 establishments in Gujarat]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 2008]]

Kamareddy Assembly constituency

2026-04-15T02:12:55Z

ElijahCombs83: creating some info more to come!

{{Short description|Constituency of the Telangana legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2023}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Kamareddy
| map_image = Legislative Assembly constituencies of Telangana (16-Kamareddy highlighted).png
| map_caption = Location of Kamareddy Assembly constituency within Telangana
| mla = [[K. V. Ramana Reddy]]
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party ]]
| latest_election_year = 2023
| state = [[Telangana]]
| district = [[Kamareddy district|Kamareddy]]
| established = 1951
| electors = 2,05,723
| type = SLA
| constituency_no = 16
| reservation = None
| loksabha_cons = [[Zahirabad Lok Sabha constituency|Zahirabad]]
}}

'''Kamareddy Assembly constituency''' is a constituency of [[Telangana Legislative Assembly]], [[India]]. It is one of four constituencies in [[Kamareddy district]]. It is part of [[Zahirabad Lok Sabha constituency]].

[[K. V. Ramana Reddy]] of [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] won the election in 2023 defeating [[K. Chandrashekar Rao]], BRS president and former chief minister of Telangana and [[Revanth Reddy]], TPCC president and the current Chief Minister of Telangana.

==Mandals==
The Assembly Constituency presently comprises the following Mandals:
{|class="wikitable sortable static-row-numbers static-row-header-hash"
!Mandal
|-
| Kamareddy
|-
| [[Machareddy]]
|-
| [[Domakonda]]
|-
| [[Bhiknur]]
|-
| Bibipet
|-
| Rajampet
|-
|}
==Members of Legislative Assembly==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Duration
! Member
! colspan="2" | Political party
|-
| 2023-Present
| [[K. V. Ramana Reddy]]
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| 2018-23
| rowspan=4|[[Gampa Govardhan]]
| rowspan=3 {{Full party name with color|Telangana Rashtra Samithi| rowspan=3}}
|-
| 2014-18
|-
| 2012-14
|-
| 2009-12
| {{Full party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
|-
| 2004-09
| [[Mohammed Ali Shabbir]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| 1999-04
| Yousuf Ali
| rowspan=2 {{Full party name with color|Telugu Desam Party | rowspan=2}}
|-
| 1994-99
| Gampa Govardhan
|-
| 1989-94
| Mohammed Ali Shabbir
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| 1985-89
| A. Krishna Murthy
| rowspan=2 {{Full party name with color|Telugu Desam Party | rowspan=2}}
|-
| 1983-85
| Parsi Gangaiah
|-
| 1978-83
| B. Balaiah
| rowspan=2 {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress | rowspan=2}}
|-
| 1972-78
| Y Sathyanarayana
|-
| 1967-72
| M.Reddy
| {{Full party name with color|Independent politician}}
|-
| 1962-67
| Vittalreddigari Venkatarama Reddy
| rowspan=4 {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress | rowspan=4}}
|-
| 1957-62
| T. N. Sada Lakshmi
|-
| 1952-57
| V. Rama Rao
|-
| 1952-57
| G. Vithal Reddy
|}

==Election results==

=== Telangana Legislative Assembly election, 2023 ===
{{Election box begin | title= [[2023 Telangana Legislative Assembly election]]: [[Kamareddy]]}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[Katipally Venkata Ramana Reddy | K. V. Ramana Reddy]]|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|votes=66,652|percentage=34.55|change=+25.03}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[Kalvakuntla Chandrashekar Rao]]|party=Bharat Rashtra Samithi|votes=59,911|percentage=31.06|change=-10.96}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[Anumula Revanth Reddy]]|party=Indian National Congress|votes=54,916|percentage=28.47|change=-10.74}}{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Independent|candidate=Ravi Nayak Bhukya|votes=1,823|percentage=0.95|change=}}{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Bahujan Samaj Party|candidate=Udthawar Suresh Goud|votes=1,201|percentage=0.62|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = [[None of the Above]]
|party = None of the above
|votes = 474
|percentage = 0.25
|change = -0.66
}}
{{Election box majority|votes=6,741|percentage=3.49|change=+0.68}}
{{Election box turnout|votes=1,92,889|percentage=76.36|change=}}
{{Election box gain with party link|winner=Bharatiya Janata Party|loser=Bharat Rashtra Samithi|swing=}}
{{Election box end}}

=== Telangana Legislative Assembly election, 2018 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2018 Telangana Legislative Assembly election]]: Kamareddy}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party=Telangana Rashtra Samithi
|candidate=[[Gampa Govardhan]]
|votes=68,167
|percentage=42.02
|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party=Indian National Congress
|candidate=[[Mohammed Ali Shabbir]]
|votes=63,610
|percentage=39.21
|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Bharatiya Janata Party
| candidate = [[K. V. Ramana Reddy]]
| votes = 15,439
| percentage = 9.52
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = None of the above
| candidate = [[None of the Above]]
| votes = 1,471
| percentage = 0.91
| change =
}}
{{Election box majority|votes=5,007 |percentage=2.81|change=}}
{{Election box turnout|votes=1,62,228|percentage=78.83|change=}}
{{Election box hold with party link
| winner =Telangana Rashtra Samithi
| loser =Indian National Congress
| swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===Telangana Legislative Assembly election, 2014===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2014 Telangana Legislative Assembly election]]: Kamareddy<ref>{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20231101080200/https://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=997&cid=16 Kamareddy Results]}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
| party = Telangana Rashtra Samithi
| candidate = [[Gampa Govardhan ]]
| votes = 81,961
| percentage = 41.53
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Indian National Congress|candidate=[[Mohammed Ali Shabbir]]|votes=63278|percentage=25.04|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=Siddaramulu|votes=13,938|percentage=8.82|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Bahujan Samaj Party|candidate=Erra Shivaraju A|votes=3,862|percentage=2.44|change=}}
{{Election box majority|votes=18,683|percentage=16.49|change=}}
{{Election box turnout|votes=1,58,015|percentage=80.61|change=}}
{{Election box hold with party link
| winner = Telangana Rashtra Samithi
| loser = Indian National Congress
| swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[List of constituencies of Telangana Legislative Assembly]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Telangana}}
{{coord|18.33|78.33|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Telangana]]
[[Category:Kamareddy district]]
[[Category:Politics of Telangana]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1951]]

Manav Gupta

2026-04-14T11:33:51Z

ElijahCombs83: Starting article

{{Short description|Indian artist}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2014}}

{{Infobox artist
| name = Manav Gupta
| image = Manav Gupta.jpg
| caption =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1967|12|29}}
| birth_place = [[Kolkata]], [[India]]
| death_date =
| death_place =
| field = [[Conceptual Art]], [[Installation Art]], [[Public Art]], [[Sculptures]], [[Paintings]], [[Murals]], [[Performance Art]], [[Films]], [[Poetry]]
| training = [[Academy of Fine Arts]]
| movement = [[Avante Garde]], [[Conceptual Art]], [[Contemporary Art]], [[Public Art]]
| works = *[[Tree of Life mural (Manav Gupta)|Tree of Life mural]],
* River
* Rain
* Beehives
* Time Machine
* Bed of Life
* Noah's Ark
* Environmental Films
* Water-the New Gold

| patrons =
| awards = *First Painter to get the [[Sanatan Sangeet Sanskriti]] by French Ambassador (2006)
* Senior Fellowship, Ministry of Culture, Government of India (2019)
}}

'''Manav Gupta''' (born 29 December 1967) is an Indian contemporary artist known for his paintings, installations and large-scale public art projects on environment consciousness and sustainable development. He has reinvented<ref name="Sculpture Mag">{{cite web |last1=Balasubramaniam |first1=Chitra |title=Vessels of Life: A Conversation with Manav Gupta |url=https://sculpturemagazine.art/vessels-of-life-a-conversation-with-manav-gupta/ |website=Sculpture – A publication of the International Sculpture Centre |publisher=Sculpture Magazine}}</ref> the identity of rural Indian [[Pottery|clay pottery]] and redeployed various other material like construction scrap to create site specific, contemporary art<ref name="Forecast - Public Art Review" /> and environmental installations<ref name="Blouin Artinfo" /> and sculptures. He has been acknowledged as one of the most versatile and erudite contemporary artists to come from India<ref name="MCAD President's Lecture Series - Manav Gupta" /> and is widely regarded as a 'maverick genius' and a 'visionary'.<ref name="Times of India | The Excavated Museum - Manav Gupta" />

He has conceptualised and created multiple layers of interdisciplinary engagements<ref name="A quiet force of Earth: Manav Gupta’s artistic call to conscience">{{cite news |last1=Bukhtiyar |first1=Idrees |title=A quiet force of Earth: Manav Gupta's artistic call to conscience |url=https://thepatriot.in/lifestyle/world-environment-day-a-quiet-force-of-earth-manav-guptas-artistic-call-to-conscience-70959 |publisher=The Patriot |date=June 5, 2025}}</ref> at his installations and exhibitions, with other art forms, and outreach programmes with students, educational institutes, the general public as all stakeholders of society, to raise awareness through his 'arth – art for earth' programmes on [[sustainable living]] with the message of "respecting the true wealth of life on earth", with recurring episodes of 'Dialogues at the waterfront' at his various public art projects.<ref name="Times of India Interview" />

For the period of 2010–2019 the artist worked independently via invitations by institutions who hosted his work. He created the following consecutive solo public art projects that were critically acclaimed: 'unsung hymns of clay – shrinking river bed on museum floor'(2013), National Ditsong Museum, Pretoria, South Africa;<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9I2lHSd_p0I |title = An exhibition by New Dehli based contemporary Artist Manav Gupta at the Cultural Museum|website = [[SABC News]]}}</ref> "Rain the Ganga Waterfront along Time Machine"(2015), India Habitat Centre, New Delhi, India;,<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://forecastpublicart.org/ritual-river/ |title = RITUAL RIVER |website = [[Forecast Publicart]]}}</ref> "Excavated Museum in a Mall" (2017), DLF Mall of India Noida, India,<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.millenniumpost.in/features/news-181301 |title = Excavated Museum at the Mall |website = [[Millennium Post]]}}</ref> 'arth – art for earth, travelling excavated museum'(2018) IGNCA, Ministry of Culture, Govt. of India <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/art-and-culture/from-sand-to-dust-5282108/ |title = Excavated Museum at the Mall |website = [[Indian Express]]}}</ref> From Sand to Dust,<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://ignca.gov.in/invitations/05072018_Art_of_earth_Invite.pdf |title = Art for Earth |website = [[Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts]]}}</ref> 'Public art museum on Water, Water- the New Gold, City in a city'(2019) Rasulgarh, Bhubaneswar.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://sculpture.org/mpage/Speakers_JerseyCity2023 |title = 30th International Sculpture Conference |website = [[Sculpture]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/events/bhubaneswar/artist-creates-installations-to-stress-sustainable-development/articleshow/69671263.cms |title = Artist creates India's first public art museum on water and sustainable development |website = [[India Times]]}}</ref>

The decade ended with Gupta being credited with having created some of the most iconic and revolutionary public art projects in India.<ref name="| TIMES OF INDIA |" />

He has co-opted his art practices in paintings, poetry, music and sound to create one-minute films on [[climate change]],<ref>[http://www.expressindia.com/latest-news/arty-environment/331906/= Express India] {{Dead link|date=February 2022}}</ref> sustainable development,<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://bimtech.ac.in/images/data/CSR%20Summit%202010.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=10 October 2011 |archive-date=6 October 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111006032643/http://bimtech.ac.in/images/data/CSR%20Summit%202010.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> ecosystems and alternate energy for public service messages commissioned by the Ministry of Environment & Forests, [[Government of India]] (2005–2006,2011).

He has pioneered co-creation with his "[[Jugalbandi]]s" (Collaborations) with musicians, poets and dancers across the world, where he translates a performing artist's oeuvre live on stage on his canvas (2003–2011).

He has co authored a book of poems and paintings with former President of India Dr [[A.P.J. Abdul Kalam]], published by Penguin India.(2002–2005).

Gupta created single edition functional sculptures and public installations with varied media including iron, steel, wood, discarded roots of trees, glass, recycled scrap metal and clay for interior and exterior corporate and private spaces.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1100815/jsp/graphiti/story_12808945.jsp |title=The Telegraph – Calcutta (Kolkata) {{pipe}} Graphiti {{pipe}} an artist's abode |access-date=8 October 2011 |archive-date=4 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304212313/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1100815/jsp/graphiti/story_12808945.jsp |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Trained in Kolkata at the [[Academy of Fine Arts]] under Rathin Maitra and under his guru Vasant Pandit, the artist currently works in New Delhi.

==Life and career==

===Childhood and early life===

Gupta was born to a middle-class family in Calcutta, and raised as a single parent since he was about six years of age.<ref name="Persona Magnified" /> His mother was a professor in a college while his father was the deputy director of the National Library of Kolkata.<ref name="Painting it his way">{{cite news |last1=Goel |first1=Poonam |url=https://manavgupta.in/library/library-1996-1999/ |title=Painting it his way |work=HT City |publisher=Hindustan Times |date=5 September 1999}}</ref> At the age of thirteen, Gupta started teaching and giving tuition lessons for grades one to eight, to support his mother. He would do this for three to four hours a day right up to his graduation from Presidency college. Gupta's family resided in the staff quarters of the National Library Campus where he would spend his early childhood and formative years in the horticulture gardens. He found solace in Nature, which played a pivotal role in shaping his expression of art. He was gifted his first box of colours at the age of 1, where he started expressing himself in the form of poetry and paintings; by sketching and painting precise elements of nature by age 5: namely branches of trees and tree trunks.<ref name="Persona Magnified">{{cite book |last1=Sondhi |first1=Karan |title=Persona Magnified |year=2007 |isbn=978-81-7010-362-2 |pages=25, 33, 35|publisher=Hemkunt Press }}</ref>

Gupta's talent was recognised early in his life.<ref name="https://manavgupta.in/library/early-life/">{{cite web |title=Bibliography - Early Life |url=https://manavgupta.in/library/early-life/ |website=Manav Gupta|date=11 September 2022 }}</ref> He received several awards and certificates in the field of painting from educational and cultural institutions from the period of 1977 to 1989. While exhibiting his artworks in four group exhibitions at the Academy of Fine Arts in the same period. Gupta gained attention for his poetry and art as he started getting published in newspapers and journals from the period of 1986 to 1991. Gupta's poem "Echoing Parables" was selected and published in the journal of the London Book Fair entry from India in the year 1988. In 1991, Gupta's poem was published in the Calcutta observer.<ref name="https://manavgupta.in/library/early-life/" /> Gupta graduated from Presidency College and worked in private corporate organisations to support his family before formally beginning his full-time art career in 1996.<ref name="Persona Magnified" />

===1996–2002===

In 1996, Gupta held his first solo exhibition at the Birla Academy of Art and Culture, Kolkata. While all the conventional halls were booked, Gupta chose to exhibit his paintings in the lawns of the academy. The location was unconventional because at the time, the idea of watercolours on paper being hosted outdoors was not heavily practiced.<ref name="1996 | The Telegraph | Gargee Bhattacharjee | Different Strokes – Why Manav Gupta is an artist with a difference.">{{cite news |last1=Bhattacharjee |first1=Gargee |title=Different Strokes – Why Manav Gupta is an artist with a difference. |url=https://i0.wp.com/manavgupta.in/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/Manav-Gupta-1996-chronology-1.jpg?ssl=1 |publisher=The Telegraph India |date=1996}}</ref> In the evening when the lights were lit, Gupta's artworks stood out, attracting visitors in hundreds. This also ended with his first solo being his first 'sold-out' exhibition.<ref name="1996 | The Statesman | Young Artist's First Solo at the Birla Academy of Art And Culture.">{{cite news |title=Young Artist |url=https://i0.wp.com/manavgupta.in/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/Manav-Gupta-1996-chronology-5.jpg?ssl=1 |publisher=The Statesman |date=1996}}</ref> Amongst the attendees were B. K. Birla and Sarala Birla who purchased two of his artworks which later went to the permanent collection of the academy.<ref name="1996 | The Telegraph | Gargee Bhattacharjee | Different Strokes – Why Manav Gupta is an artist with a difference." /><ref name="Persona Magnified" /> In 1997, at his second solo, 15 to 17 August, The Taj Bengal, Kolkata hosted his exhibition "freedom to be different". It was his public dissemination of environment consciousness through art.<ref name="1997 | Impressions | MUSE, FLIGHT, SOAR | A poet and a painter, Manav Gupta's exhibition of water colours and sculptures at the Taj Bengal.">{{cite news |title=MUSE, FLIGHT, SOAR |url=https://i0.wp.com/manavgupta.in/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/Manav-Gupta-1997-chronology-3.jpg?ssl=1 |publisher=The Statesman |date=1997}}</ref> A theme and project close to him as it had a vital effect on his childhood.<ref name="1997 | Inside Outside | Manav Gupta and his expressions of freedom">{{cite news |title=Manav Gupta and his expressions of freedom |url=https://manavgupta.in/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/Manav-Gupta-1997-chronology-4.jpg |publisher=Inside Outside |date=1997}}</ref> The exhibit consisted of single edition sculptures and installations created out of discarded roots and tree trunks that were showcased alongside a series of Gupta's miniature artworks called the "earth series."<ref name="1997 | Impressions | MUSE, FLIGHT, SOAR | A poet and a painter, Manav Gupta's exhibition of water colours and sculptures at the Taj Bengal." /> He received critical acclaim from art critics and Indian media houses.<ref name="December 15, 1997 | Femina | Emerging Forms, Flowing Colours">{{cite news |title=Emerging Forms, Flowing Colours |url=https://manavgupta.in/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/Manav-Gupta-1997-chronology-5.jpg |publisher=Femina Magazine |date=15 December 1997}}</ref><ref name='1997 | Art Critic, Economic Times | Exuberant and Reflective. "The artist has a fine sense of colour"'>{{cite news |last1=Dutta |first1=Rita |title=Exuberant and Reflective. "The artist has a fine sense of colour" |url=https://i0.wp.com/manavgupta.in/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/1997-Economic-Times-Manav-Gupta.jpg?ssl=1 |publisher=Economic Times}}</ref><ref name="1997 | Inside Outside | Manav Gupta and his expressions of freedom" />

Gupta shifted his base to New Delhi in 1998,<ref name="June1999 | Times of India | Poetry On Canvas ....Having made waves in Calcutta, Manav shifted base to Delhi">{{cite news |title=Poetry on Canvas – Having Made waves in Calcutta, Manav shifted base to Delhi |url=https://manavgupta.in/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/Picture-3.jpg |publisher=Times of India |date=June 1999}}</ref> where his breakthrough in the Indian contemporary art market occurred at the Capital, in the year 1999, when he had a sold-out solo exhibition called "India awaiting – Timeless Metaphors of Dreams" hosted by The Taj Palace, New Delhi.<ref name="May 31, 1999 | Outlook | He Is Different">{{cite news |title=He Is Different |url=https://manavgupta.in/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/Manav-Gupta-1999-chronology-roosevelt-house-exhibition-news-outlook.jpg |publisher=Outlook |date=31 May 1999}}</ref><ref name="May 1999 | India Today | Recommendations | Works by Manav Gupta">{{cite news |title=Works by Manav Gupta |url=https://i0.wp.com/manavgupta.in/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/Manav-Gupta-1999-chronology-roosevelt-house-exhibition-news-outlook.jpg |publisher=India Today |date=May 1999}}</ref><ref name="June 12, 1999 | The Telegraph Weekend Magazine | | Mixed Media">{{cite news |last1=Bhattacharya |first1=Rajlaxmi |title=Mixed Media |url=https://manavgupta.in/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/Manav-Gupta-1999-chronology-roosevelt-house-exhibition-news-the-telegraph.jpg |publisher=The Telegraph Weekend Magazine |date=12 June 1999}}</ref> Following which, Gupta's works were showcased in the premises of the Dep. of Culture, H.R.D Ministry, Govt. of India.<ref name="Painting it his way" /> He was nominated on the Expert Committee, National Republic Day celebrations, Ministry of Defence, Govt of India, as a member to be a part of the committee.<ref name="Expert Committee, National Republic Day Celebrations, (Ministry of Defence, Govt of India)">{{cite web |last1=Gupta |first1=Manav |title=ID Card – Expert Committee, National Republic Day Celebrations, (Ministry of Defence, Govt of India) |url=https://i0.wp.com/manavgupta.in/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/Manav-Gupta-Artist-as-an-Expert-Committe-Member-Ministry-of-Defence-Govt-of-India.jpg?fit=1969%2C1361&ssl=1 |publisher=Ministry of Defence, Govt of India}}</ref><ref name="April 6, 2002 | HT CITY, Hindustan Times | In Perfect Consonance with Nature's figures">{{cite news |last1=Mishra |first1=Neeta |title=In Perfect Consonance with Nature's figures |url=https://i0.wp.com/manavgupta.in/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/Manav-Gupta-2002-chronology-news-ht-city-first-city-e1679881273836.jpg?ssl=1 |work=HT City, New Delhi |publisher=Hindustan Times |date=6 April 2002}}</ref> Gupta's works were exhibited at The Roosevelt House, U.S. Ambassador's residence in New Delhi in 2001.<ref name="Feb 24, 2001| HT City, Hindustan Times | Self taught Painter Of Many Colours">{{cite news |last1=Pant |first1=Archana Khare |title=Self Taught Painter Of Many Colours |url=https://i0.wp.com/manavgupta.in/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/Manav-Gupta-2001-chronology-roosevelt-house-news-ht-city.jpg?ssl=1 |work=HT City |publisher=Hindustan Times |date=26 February 2001}}</ref> In the same year, he was invited on the formative advisory panel of the Museum of Natural History, Government of India.

Gupta pioneered live performance art in India, as "Jugalbandis" where he translated the musician's performance live on stage from a blank to a finished canvas syncing his brush strokes to the performing artist's recital/instrument.<ref name='26 December 2009 | Hindustan Times | HT City – Three-fold story "Artist Manav Gupta'>{{cite news |last1=Purkayastha |first1=Damini |title=Three-fold story |url=https://i0.wp.com/manavgupta.in/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/4HTFEATURE26thdec2009.jpg?ssl=1 |work=HT City, New Delhi |publisher=Hindustan Times |date=26 December 2009}}</ref> He interpreted [[Shubha Mudgal]]'s rendering of a song, on the girl child, where the painting was auctioned to raise funds for the NGO: Amitasha.<ref name="April 15th 2003 | HT City | All for The Girl-Child: A Mix of Music and Art | Barsha Nag Bhowmick">{{cite news |last1=Bhowmick |first1=Barsha Nag |title=All for The Girl-Child: A Mix of Music and Art |url=https://i0.wp.com/manavgupta.in/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/IMG_5669-scaled.jpg?ssl=1 |work=HT City |publisher=Hindustan Times |date=15 April 2003}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Walunjkar |first1=Somashukla Sinha |title=Mudgal's Music, Gupta's Art: A concert with a heart |url=https://i0.wp.com/manavgupta.in/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/IMG_5670-scaled.jpg?ssl=1 |work=HT City, New Delhi |publisher=Hindustan Times |date=16 April 2003}}</ref> He was commissioned by Times of India and Amity Foundation for two specially conceived works on leadership as awards to [[Kumar Mangalam Birla]] and [[K.V. Kamath]]<ref name="August 7th, 2007 | Times of Oman | Manav Gupta joins 'Unity — A Relief Effort' initiative">{{cite news |title=Manav Gupta joins 'Unity — A Relief Effort' initiative |url=https://i0.wp.com/manavgupta.in/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/2.jpg?ssl=1 |work=Times of Oman |date=7 August 2007}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Singh |first1=Vanita |title=Now, a Brush with Birla |url=https://i0.wp.com/manavgupta.in/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/IMG_5672-scaled.jpg?ssl=1 |work=Today – "The Capital's Afternoon Newspaper"|publisher=India Today |date=2002}}</ref> In the same year the Leela Palace, Bangalore hosted his exhibition which was inaugurated by the former Law Minister of India, [[Ram Jethmalani]], Shatrugan Sinha and former Chief Minister of Bangalore, Ram Krishan Hegde.<ref name="June 2002 | The Times of India | Magic and Art | MP Shatrugan Sinha and Former Law Minister Ram Jeth Malani Inaugurate Gupta's show at the Leela Palace">{{cite news |title=Magic and Art |url=https://i0.wp.com/manavgupta.in/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/IMG_5745-scaled.jpg?ssl=1 |work=Times of India |date=June 2002}}</ref><ref name="June 8, 2002 | City Express Bangalore | Ram Jeth Malani and Shatrugan Sinha Inaugurate Manav Gupta's Pururupa: Sense to Essence">{{cite news |title=Former Law Minister Ram Jeth Malani, Former Chief Minister Ram Krishna Hegde, MP Shatrugan Sinha Inaugurate Manav Gupta's Exhibition |url=https://i0.wp.com/manavgupta.in/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/IMG_5742-scaled.jpg?ssl=1 |work=City Express, Bangalore |publisher=The New Indian Express |date=8 June 2002}}</ref><ref name="June 2002 | The Bangalore Age | A Different Canvas">{{cite news |title=A Different Canvas |url=https://i0.wp.com/manavgupta.in/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/IMG_5743-scaled.jpg?ssl=1 |work=The Bangalore Age |publisher=Asian Age |date=June 2002}}</ref>

"Sparks", a book of Shiela Gujral's haiku poems and the artist's paintings, whose design was conceptualised by Gupta as a work of art, was published during the same time.<ref name="2002 | Paintings by Manav Gupta | Sparks | Shiela Gujral | ISBN 81-7764-351-7">{{cite book |last1=Gujral |first1=Shiela |title=Sparks |date=2002 |publisher=Allied Publisher |isbn=81-7764-351-7 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VDCFnmno_Y4C&pg=PP1}}</ref>

His association with former President of India, Dr [[A.P.J. Abdul Kalam]] in 2002 began when he was invited to translate the poem "A National Prayer" on his canvas. On seeing the completed work, Kalam placed the painting at his office,<ref name="2002 | Today | Vanita Singh | From Pen to Palatte | Delhi-based Artist Manav Gupta tells us how he put paint and brush to a poem by the President">{{cite news |first1=Vanita |last1=Singh |title=From Pen to Palatte |url=https://i0.wp.com/manavgupta.in/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/IMG_5736-scaled.jpg?ssl=1 |work=Today |publisher=India Today Group |date=2002}}</ref><ref name="2002 | Hindustan Times | HT City | Poetic Strokes On Harmony">{{cite news |first1=Vinita |last1=Faridi |title=Poetic Strokes On Harmony |url=https://i0.wp.com/manavgupta.in/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/IMG_5737-scaled.jpg?ssl=1 |work=HT City |publisher=Hindustan Times |date=2002}}</ref> all through his tenure, with a miniature model of the 'charkha' in front. The painting went on to become the cover of the book, "The Life Tree",<ref name="The Life Tree, APJ Abdul Kalam, Paintings by Manav Gupta, ISBN 067004997-2. Published by Penguin">{{cite book |last1=Kalam |first1=A. P. J. Abdul |title=The Life Tree |year=2005 |publisher=Penguin Books India (Private) Limited |isbn=9780670049974 |url=http://abdulkalam.nic.in/the_life_tree.html}}</ref> published by Penguin. The book marks an extensive collaboration between Kalam and Gupta with a series of paintings that the artist created interpreting Kalam's poems. Gupta became the first artist in residence at the [[Rashtrapati Bhavan, New Delhi|Rashtrapati Bhawan]]<ref name="WEF, Women Economic Forum">{{cite web |title=Manav Gupta |url=https://www.wef.org.in/manav-gupta/ |website=wef.org.in/ |date=23 December 2016 |publisher=WEF, Women Economic Forum}}</ref> as he was invited to stay in the Family Wing for a week<ref name="August 12th, 2007 | Times Leisure | His art his heartbeat">{{cite news |last1=Kumar |first1=Palazhi Ashok |title=His art his heartbeat |url=https://i0.wp.com/manavgupta.in/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/link4.jpg?ssl=1 |work=Times Leisure |publisher=Times of Oman |date=12 August 2007}}</ref> to paint the Mughal Gardens and work on the project. At the President of India's inaugural address at the centenary celebrations of the [[National Gallery of Modern Art]], Kalam recounted his experience, praising the artist extensively.<ref name="August 7th, 2007 | Times of Oman | Manav Gupta joins 'Unity — A Relief Effort' initiative" /><ref name="July 17, 2007 | Times of Oman | Artist-Poet: Manav Gupta with President Dr A.P.J. Abdul Kalam">{{cite news |title=Artist-Poet: Manav Gupta with President Dr A.P.J. Abdul Kalam |url=https://manavgupta.in/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/2-2.jpg |work=Times of Oman, Oman |publisher=Times of Oman |date=17 July 2007}}</ref><ref name="Manav Gupta Website - Work with Dr Kalam">{{cite web |title=Manav Gupta – Work with Dr Kalam |url=https://manavgupta.in/engagements-with-words/ |website=Manav Gupta|date=27 January 2013 }}</ref>

===2003–2009===

In 2003 Gupta established his commitment to sustainable development and [[climate change]] by starting his movement on environment consciousness on [[World Environment Day]].<ref name="June 9th 2003 | HT City | Brushtalk on Rainforests: Elemental by Nature | Meenakshi Kumar" /><ref name="August 1st 2003 | Femina |">{{cite journal |title=Events |journal=Femina |date=1 August 2003 |url=https://manavgupta.in/library/}}</ref> He raised awareness on the same by co-opting public participation in his art at his exhibition hosted by the Park Hotel, New Delhi. He pioneered an outreach programme as a call to all stake holders of society to "plant a sampling on my canvas". Beginning with the President of India to the Former [[Prime Minister of India]], Dr I K Gujral<ref name='July 2003 | Society | Page 21 | Events of the month | "Plant a Sapling on my Canvas" | Manav Gupta'>{{cite journal |title=Plant a Sapling on my Canvas |journal=Society |date=July 2003 |page=21 |url=https://i0.wp.com/manavgupta.in/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/IMG_5648-scaled-e1679857156430.jpg?ssl=1}}</ref> and the then Chief Minister of Delhi, he mobilised a large section of society<ref name="The Pioneer | Vivacity | Mass Teacher - For artist Manav Gupta, art is about engaging with people. | Vivacity, Featured: Art Affair">{{cite news |title=Mass Teacher – For artist Manav Gupta, art is about engaging with people. |url=https://i0.wp.com/manavgupta.in/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/Manav-Gupta-2004-chronology-exhibition-news-vivacity-art-affair-mass-teacher-e1663220125624.jpg?ssl=1 |work=Vivacity |publisher=The Pioneer |date=2010}}</ref> from the government, corporate industries, art and culture, to educational institutions and children from NGO's to co create art with him as a metaphor of accepting responsibility as consumers of Earth's resources.<ref name="June 9th 2003 | HT City | Brushtalk on Rainforests: Elemental by Nature | Meenakshi Kumar">{{cite news |last1=Kumar |first1=Meenakshi |title=Brushtalk on Rainforests: Elemental by Nature |url=https://i0.wp.com/manavgupta.in/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/IMG_5654-scaled.jpg?ssl=1 |work=HT City |publisher=Hindustan Times |date=9 June 2003}}</ref> In 2004, his works were displayed at Victoria Jones, London for which he created a dedicated series 'from beyond'.<ref name="June 14th, 2006 | Hindustan Times | Nature's Call: Manav Gupta's Paintings are currently part of a solo show at Victoria Jones Gallery, London">{{cite news |title=Nature's Call: Manav Gupta's Paintings are currently part of a solo show at Victoria Jones Gallery, London |url=https://i0.wp.com/manavgupta.in/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/Manav-Gupta-2004-chronology-exhibition-workshops-news-natures-call.jpg?ssl=1 |publisher=Hindustan Times |date=14 June 2006}}</ref>

Continuing his outreach series at his exhibition 'stop a while' 'from beyond' in 2005, at the Lalit Kala Academy, New Delhi, he invited several children and head of educational institutions from different schools of Delhi to take his movement further.<ref name="November 2005 | First City | From Beyond – Watercolors by Manav Gupta.">{{cite news |title=From Beyond – Watercolors by Manav Gupta. |url=https://i0.wp.com/manavgupta.in/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/IMG_5772-scaled.jpg?ssl=1 |work=First City |date=November 2005}}</ref> He extended the outreach to his works hosted by Rahstrapati Bhawan in the same year.<ref name="August 7th, 2007 | Times of Oman | Manav Gupta joins 'Unity — A Relief Effort' initiative" /><ref name="July 17, 2007 | Times of Oman | Artist-Poet: Manav Gupta with President Dr A.P.J. Abdul Kalam" /><ref name="Manav Gupta Website">{{cite web |title=Exhibition: Engagement with Students, Stakeholders of Society & Educational institutions. |url=https://i0.wp.com/manavgupta.in/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/Manav-Gupta-2005-chronology-exhibition-in-Rashtrapati-Bhavan-inaugurated-by-former-President-Dr.-A-P-J-Abdul-Kalam-2-2005.jpg?fit=1024%2C733&ssl=1 |website=manavgupta.in/library/ |publisher=Manav Gupta}}</ref> He became the only artist to have been commissioned for one-minute films as public service messages on environment by the Ministry of Environment & Forests, Government of India where he deployed his paintings, poetry, music and voice over to conceptualise and create one minute and thirty second films for television on climate change, sustainable development, ecosystems and alternate energy.<ref name='26 December 2009 | Hindustan Times | HT City – Three-fold story "Artist Manav Gupta'/><ref name="August 8th, 2007 | Oman Daily Observer | OSFA to host works of leading Indian Artist">{{cite news |title=OSFA to host works of leading Indian Artist |url=https://i0.wp.com/manavgupta.in/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/link3-2.jpg?w=1088&ssl=1 |work=Oman Daily Observer |date=8 August 2007}}</ref>

Gupta was awarded the Sanatan Kalakriti Puraskar presented to him by Dominique Girard, French Ambassador to India in 2006. In the same ceremony, he carried out a performance art concert with Dr. L Subramanium.<ref name="August 8th, 2007 | Oman Daily Observer | OSFA to host works of leading Indian Artist" /> [[Christie's]] auctioned his work "Umbilical Cords of Earth" in New Delhi in the month of December of that year.<ref name="Christies, Auction Catalogue - Manav Gupta">{{cite web |title=Christies, Auction Catalogue – Manav Gupta |url=https://manavgupta.in/library/library-2006-2009/ |website=manavgupta.in |publisher=Christies}}</ref>

In 2007, Gupta had his first edition of his 'travelling trilogy'<ref name="April 15, 2013 | The Pioneer | All for earth">{{cite news |title=All for Earth |url=https://www.dailypioneer.com/2013/vivacity/all-for-earth.html |work=Vivacity |publisher=The Pioneer |date=15 April 2013}}</ref> in Muscat, Oman consisting of his paintings, environmental film screenings and his performance art.<ref name='26 December 2009 | Hindustan Times | HT City – Three-fold story "Artist Manav Gupta'/> His concert series included 'jugalbandi's' with [[Anup Jalota]],<ref name="August 23rd, 2007 | Times of Oman | Anup Jalota live with Manav Gupta. Hosted by Miss India 2007, Sara Jane.">{{cite news |title=BEC Group Presents Anup Jalota Live |url=https://i0.wp.com/manavgupta.in/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/17.jpg?ssl=1 |work=Times of Oman |date=23 August 2007}}</ref> a contemporary dance troupe and musicians with special needs,<ref name="August 17th, 2007 | Times of Oman | Manav Gupta painting live to the tunes of the orchestra played by visually challenged artists and Nrityarutya - the Indian Contemporary Dance Company">{{cite news |title=BEC Group Presents Heart2Heart |url=https://i0.wp.com/manavgupta.in/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/14.jpg?ssl=1 |work=Times of Oman |date=17 August 2007}}</ref> and with Rahul Sharma, Rakesh Chaurasia and Vijay Ghate,<ref name="August 8th, 2007 | Times of Oman | Rakesh Chaurasia, Rahul Sharma, Vijay Ghate and Manav Gupta.">{{cite news |title=BEC Group Presents: Generation Next |url=https://i0.wp.com/manavgupta.in/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/11.jpg?ssl=1 |work=Times of Oman |date=8 August 2007}}</ref> as three separate performances respectively, to raise funds for the Gonu victims of Oman. Gupta received critical acclaim for his paintings and was covered by every leading media house of Oman.<ref name="August 14th, 2007 | Oman Daily Observer | Business Features | Spotlight | He is trying to merge Art with Poetry">{{cite news |title=He is trying to merge Art with Poetry |url=https://i0.wp.com/manavgupta.in/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/31.jpg?ssl=1 |work=Oman Daily Observer |date=14 August 2007}}</ref><ref name="August 12th, 2007 | Times Leisure | His art his heartbeat" /> Gupta's Muscat exhibition received major acclaimed in Oman.<ref name="August 20th, 2007 | Times of Oman | Manav Gupta's latest painting attracts heavy bids.">{{cite news |title=Manav Gupta's latest painting attracts heavy bids. |url=https://i0.wp.com/manavgupta.in/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/IMG_5716-scaled.jpg?ssl=1 |work=Times of Oman |date=20 August 2007}}</ref> Select works from that exhibition are also in the Permanent Collection of the Royal Household, Oman. His Highness Shihab bin Tariq al-Said quoted<ref name = "people">{{cite web |title=People |url=https://manavgupta.in/people/ |website=Manav Gupta |date=28 November 2022 }}</ref> the following excerpt at Gupta's exhibition hosted by the Omani Society of Fine Arts: "I was very delighted to have had this moment to view Manav Gupta's work at the Oman [[Fine Art Society|Fine Art society]] exhibition. This is great work of a famous Artist from India which for us Omanis is an addition to our cultural knowledge. I wish Manav a successful tour of Oman and we look forward to seeing more of his very fine work." The exhibition at OSFA<ref name="August 8th, 2007 | Oman Daily Observer | OSFA to host works of leading Indian Artist" /> was inaugurated by Mr Darwish bin Ismail bin Ali Al Balushi, Secretary General, Minister of Finance, Mr Abdul Razak Ali Issa, CEO of Bank Muscat & Mr Anil Wadhwa, Indian Ambassador to Oman.<ref name="August 8th, 2007 | Oman Daily Observer | OSFA to host works of leading Indian Artist" /> Gupta also gave lectures and talks on Art and Sustainability one of which was hosted by Bank Muscat.<ref name="August 12th, 2007 | Times of Oman | Painting exhibition opens today">{{cite news |title=Painting exhibition opens today |url=https://manavgupta.in/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/times-oman-bank-muscat-12th-copy-2.jpg |work=Times of Oman |date=12 August 2007}}</ref> Earlier that year, his work "Non Limiting Horizons" was auctioned by [[Bonhams]], London.<ref name="London 2007 | Bonhams-Asia House, London 2007 | Art for Freedom | Tehelka | ISBN 81-87890-08-8">{{cite book |title=Art for Freedom, Bonhams-Asia House, London: Catalogue |date=2007 |publisher=Bonhams, Tehelka |location=London |isbn=978-81-87890-08-9 |pages=120, 121 |url=https://i0.wp.com/manavgupta.in/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/Manav-Gupta-2007-chronology-auction-in-London-news-Tehelka-Bonhams-art-for-freedom.jpg?ssl=1}}</ref> Later that year he was commissioned by [[Hitachi]], Singapore for a Limited Edition Copyright of his works for their plasma screens.<ref name="Oct 28th, 2007 | The Sunday Newsline | An Arty Pact">{{cite news |last1=Cox |first1=Antoon |title=An Arty Pact |url=https://i0.wp.com/manavgupta.in/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/IMG_5585-scaled.jpg?ssl=1 |work=The Sunday Newsline |publisher=Express India |date=28 October 2007}}</ref><ref name="Nov 2nd, 2007 | Hindustan Times | Artvistic">{{cite news |last1=Joshi Bambroo |first1=Chetna |title=Artvistic |url=https://i0.wp.com/manavgupta.in/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/IMG_5580-scaled.jpg?ssl=1 |work=HT City |publisher=Hindustan Times |date=2 November 2007}}</ref>

In 2009 on the occasion of [[Copenhagen Summit]] CNN IBN published a serialised documentation of his work in progress, where the artist created the painting "Copenhagen Wall of Hope" as a response to climate change.<ref name="December 26, 2009 | CNN IBN | Copenhagen Wall of Hope by Manav Gupta">{{cite news |title=Copenhagen Wall of Hope by Manav Gupta |url=https://www.news18.com/photogallery/tech/copenhagen-wall-of-hope-by-manav-gupta-766161.html |work=CNN IBN |date=26 December 2009}}</ref> Towards the end of the year, [[Indian Council for Cultural Relations]] invited him for the inaugural solo show post their newly renovated gallery in New Delhi, for the curtain raiser of the artist's second trilogy to US and Europe on Climate Change – 'on my eyot – rainforests & the timeless metaphors of dreams'.<ref name="2009 | The Pioneer | Pioneer the Nation | In The Lap Of Nature">{{cite news |last1=Anuranjani |first1=N |title=In The Lap Of Nature |url=https://i0.wp.com/manavgupta.in/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/3Manav-Guptas-Exhibition.jpg?ssl=1 |work=The Pioneer |date=2009}}</ref> The Pioneer, along with Hindustan Times<ref name='26 December 2009 | Hindustan Times | HT City – Three-fold story "Artist Manav Gupta'/> and Delhi Times<ref name='29 December 2009 | Times of India | Delhi Times | Delhi is Talking About – Manav'>{{cite news |title=When it's about Climate, Make Yourself Heard |url=https://i0.wp.com/manavgupta.in/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/Delhi-Timespage129th-dec2009.jpg?ssl=1 |work=Delhi Times |issue=Pg 1, 5 |publisher=Times of India |date=December 29, 2009}}</ref> covered an exclusive feature on Gupta and the exhibition acknowledging Gupta's work on the environment and climate change movement. An excerpt from Pioneer: The climate change summit at Copenhagen might have ended but the issue continues to exist in the works of artist Manav Gupta whose paintings displayed at an exhibition talk about climate change at large, our association with our roots and also with Mother Nature and the earth. Gupta said "The whole idea is to depict climate change that goes much beyond the political affairs, nationalities and other issues. It concerns the whole human race."<ref name="2009 | The Pioneer | Pioneer the Nation | In The Lap Of Nature" />

===2010–2019===
[[File:Manav Gupta's 5000 sq ft Wall Mega Mural.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Tree of Life mural (Manav Gupta)|5000sq ft, six-floor high mega mural]] conceptualised and created by Manav Gupta at Bharti Airtel Ltd]]
In the first half of 2010, Gupta was commissioned by Bharti Airtel, where he created [[Tree of Life mural (Manav Gupta)|"The Tree of Life"]], which went on to become the tallest and largest indoor staircase mural in India.<ref name="Limca Book - Tree of Life by Manav Gupta">{{cite book |title=The Tree of Life is the Tallest and the Largest Indoor Staircase Mural |date=2013 |publisher=Limca Book of Records |isbn=978-93-82867-00-5 |page=126 |edition=2013 |url=https://i0.wp.com/manavgupta.in/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/Manav-Gupta-Limca-book-of-records-Tallest-Indoor-Staircase-mural-Tree-of-Life.jpg?fit=768%2C639&ssl=1}}</ref> It was inaugurated by [[Sunil Bharti Mittal]]. After his three-month project at the [[Bharti Airtel]] Headquarters in Gurgaon, the artist carried the second edition of his traveling trilogy: "on my eyot – rainforests & the timeless metaphors of dreams"<ref name="'Ganga to Thames, on my eyot. Rainforests and the Timeless metaphors of dreams. An ode to Turner. A tribute to Tagore - London, 2010">{{cite web |title=Monika Mohta's Essay: 'Ganga to Thames, on my eyot. Rainforests and the Timeless metaphors of dreams. An ode to Turner. A tribute to Tagore – London, 2010' |url=https://manavgupta.in/library/2010-2019/ |website=Manav Gupta |publisher=Monika Mohta, Indian Ambassador to London, United Kingdom (2010)}}</ref> His works, extending to paintings and installations, films and performance art along with public collaborations on his canvases, were exhibited in New York, Des Moines, Amherst, San Francisco, Berlin, and London.<ref name="April 15, 2013 | The Pioneer | All for earth" /> While on tour he was invited for talks and lecture demonstrations by the San Jose State University, the Cultural Diplomacy Institute, Berlin and other local venues like the Des Moines Social club.<ref name="List of Lectures and Talks by Manav Gupta">{{cite web |title=Lectures and Talks |url=https://manavgupta.in/lectures-and-talks/ |website=Manav Gupta|date=27 July 2022 }}</ref>

In 2011 he was commissioned by the Ministry of External Affairs, Govt of India to conceptualise an Indo Bhutan friendship mural as the Indian Government's contribution to the BIFA Museum in Pheuntshilling, Bhutan. He delineated Bhutan–India relations as an archival documentation after exhaustive research. The work consists of a suite of eighteen feet and twelve feet high canvases mapping the political, socio-cultural, spiritual and natural geography of commonalities between the two countries. The is now in the permanent collection of the BIFA building in Pheuntsholing, Bhutan.<ref name="Exotica, March 2012 Page 54,55,56,57.">{{cite journal |last1=Mendiratta |first1=Navneet |title=Strokes of Harmony |journal=Exotica |date=March 2012 |issue=RNI No. DELENG/2006/18084 |pages=54, 55, 56, 57 |url=https://manavgupta.in/library/2010-2019/}}</ref> Post the installation of the work he was invited by His Highness to the Palace where the King shared moments of the royal Couple with the artist. Inspired by their story, Gupta created Her Highness's portrait with idioms from life instances of the Royal couple. The painting is now a part of the permanent collection of the Royal Household of Bhutan.<ref name = "people" />

Gupta's coined his movement on environment consciousness, 'arth – art for earth' in 1996. His movement consisting of paintings, short films and sculptures; now took shape as contemporary clay installations in 2013, where he redeployed everyday pottery objects of terracotta clay into installations.<ref name="Times of India Interview">{{cite news |title='Arth – art for earth' by Manav Gupta |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/lifestyle/home-garden/arth-art-for-earth-by-manav-gupta/videoshow/65933649.cms?from=mdr |work=Times of India |date=24 Sep 2018}}</ref> He created the 'shrinking river' doing a '[[Marcel Duchamp|Duchamp]]'<ref name="MCAD President's Lecture Series - Manav Gupta" /><ref name="Times of India Interview" /> on them, inverting 'earthen lamps' in his 'unsung hymns of clay' series at his exhibition 'rainforests and the circle of life' hosted by the Indian High Commission and [[Incredible India]] in [[Ditsong National Museum of Natural History]], South Africa.<ref name="Mar 26, 2013 | SABC News | An exhibition by New Delhi based contemporary Artist Manav Gupta at the Cultural Museum.">{{cite news |title=An exhibition by New Dehli based contemporary Artist Manav Gupta at the Cultural Museum |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9I2lHSd_p0I |publisher=SABC News |date=26 Mar 2013}}</ref> He was invited for lectures at UNISA & Pretoria University. The exhibition was extended as a BRICS Summit outreach and travelled to Cape Town and Grahams Town.<ref name="Expresso South Africa">{{cite web |title=Manav Gupta at the 'National Museum of Cultural History, Pretoria (5.3.2013) |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UpqNZodlex0 |website=Youtube |publisher=Expresso Partners, South Africa}}</ref> Later in the same year, Limca Book of Records released four records in their 2013 edition for the artist.<ref name="Limca Book - Tree of Life by Manav Gupta" /><ref name="Award - Films">{{cite book |title=First One Minute Films on Environment Consciousness as Public Art Projects |publisher=Limca Book of Records |isbn=978-93-82867-00-5 |page=108 |edition=2013 |url=https://i0.wp.com/manavgupta.in/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/Manav-Gupta-Limca-book-of-records-one-minute-films-as-public-art-projects.jpg?fit=768%2C639&ssl=1}}</ref>

In 2014, the artist created an hour glass using earthen cups – the 'Time Machine' along with 20 ft High Canvases from his 'Umbilical Cords' series at Aerocity, New Delhi for their permanent collection.<ref name="2014 TOI - Exploring Identities in Clay">{{cite news |last1=Nair |first1=Uma |title=Exploring Identities in Clay |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/blogs/plumage/exploring-identities-in-clay/ |work=Times of India |date=29 November 2014}}</ref> In the latter half of 2015, Gupta researched further for 3 months at Minneapolis, Des Moines, New York, Washington DC and Miami on his installation series where he redeployed clay pottery to take note on audience reactions at different venues gathering and drawing similarities between the important socio-cultural connects of people and practices with their respective rivers- 'how Indians pay homage to their rivers with earthen lamps and how people deposit tobacco as a form of an offering to Mississippi.'<ref name="MCAD President's Lecture Series - Manav Gupta">{{cite web |title=President's Lecture Series – Manav Gupta |url=https://www.mcad.edu/events/presidents-lecture-series-manav-gupta |website=mcad.edu |publisher=MINNEAPOLIS COLLEGE of ART and DESIGN}}</ref> He gave a talk at [[Minneapolis College of Art and Design]] as part of the President's Lecture Series and Forecast Public Art.<ref name="Forecast - Public Art Review">{{cite news |title=Ritual River – Repurposing local pottery to showcase environmental issues |url=https://forecastpublicart.org/ritual-river/ |work=Public Art Review |publisher=Forecast Public Art |date=1 Sep 2015}}</ref> Earlier in 2015, he created his first 'River' at his exhibition titled "Rain, the Ganga Waterfront along Time Machine" where he made a 75 ft length x 60 ft width x 45 ft height of diyas (Earthen Lamps), Kulhads (Earthen cups) and Chillams (Indian rural cigar) to depict the river Ganga at the Plaza steps, for a 3-month exhibition at the India Habitat Centre in New Delhi. It was this [[Site-specific art|Site-Specific]],<ref name="MP - Redefining The Meaning Of Art with 'Arth'">{{cite news |title=Redefining The Meaning Of Art with 'Arth' |url=http://www.millenniumpost.in/features/re-defining-the-meaning-of-art-with-arth-307911 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417172219/http://www.millenniumpost.in/features/re-defining-the-meaning-of-art-with-arth-307911 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2021-04-17 |work=Millennium Post |date=5 July 2018}}</ref> [[Avant-garde]]<ref name="Times of India | The Excavated Museum - Manav Gupta" /><ref name="IGNCA Website">{{cite web |title=Arth-Art for Earth-The Excavated Museum of Clay by Manav Gupta |url=http://ignca.gov.in/events/arth-art-for-earth/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210918052749/http://ignca.gov.in/events/arth-art-for-earth/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=2021-09-18 |website=Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts |publisher=Ministry of Culture, Government of India}}</ref> installation and his unique engagement with space and architecture that revived Gupta's critical acclaim and recognition in the Contemporary Art Market.<ref name="Blouin Artinfo">{{cite news |last1=Bhandari |first1=Hemani |title=Is It Mere Water Or Holy River Ganga? |url=http://www.blouinartinfo.com/news/story/1134547/is-it-mere-water-or-holy-river-ganga |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171224235800/http://www.blouinartinfo.com/news/story/1134547/is-it-mere-water-or-holy-river-ganga |url-status=dead |archive-date=2017-12-24 |work=Blouin Artinfo |publisher=Blouin Artinfo International |date=14 April 2015}}</ref> Viewership had a record hundred-thousand 'footfalls' for Gupta's public art.<ref name="The Indian Panorama">{{cite news |title=Ganga to Mississippi: Eminent artist Manav Gupta's Art Project connects USA with India |url=https://www.theindianpanorama.news/other-stories/ganga-to-mississippi-eminent-artist-manav-guptas-art-project-connects-usa-with-india/ |work=The Indian Panorama |date=22 Jan 2016}}</ref> The installation proved to be a game changer for Gupta, as he was credited as a 'thinker and visionary', and as 'one of India's most erudite and versatile contemporary artists'<ref name="Times of India | The Excavated Museum - Manav Gupta">{{cite news |last1=Nair |first1=Uma |title=The Excavated Museum – Manav Gupta |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/blogs/plumage/the-excavated-museum-manav-gupta/ |work=Times of India |date=31 January 2017}}</ref><ref name="| India Perspectives | Ministry of External Affairs MAGAZINE, Government of India | Taking art beyond boundaries - Maverick Genius" /> by international institutions,<ref name="Forecast - Public Art Review" /> daily newspapers and magazines<ref name="Blouin Artinfo" /> and national newspapers in India. [[Outlook (Indian magazine)]] cited him in their article as "pipped to be the next big thing in art".<ref name="Outlook | SUSTAINABLE SERENDIPITY | June, 2015">{{cite journal |title=SUSTAINABLE SERENDIPITY |journal=Outlook |date=June 2015 |issue=June, 2015 |url=https://i0.wp.com/manavgupta.in/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/outlookjune-scaled.jpg?ssl=1}}</ref> [[Ministry of External Affairs (India)]], took to twitter to write about Gupta as India's Soft Power,<ref name="MEA Twitter">{{cite web |title=Ambassador of India's soft power Manav Gupta has showcased Indian pottery in his avant garde installations a/c world |url=https://twitter.com/IndianDiplomacy/status/750677428612268032 |website=Indian Diplomacy |publisher=Ministry of External Affairs, Govt of India}}</ref> later talking about Gupta's art in the Magazine Issue.<ref name="| India Perspectives | Ministry of External Affairs MAGAZINE, Government of India | Taking art beyond boundaries - Maverick Genius">{{cite journal |title=Maverick Genius |journal=India Perspectives |date=May 2016 |volume=30 |issue=3 |url=https://i0.wp.com/manavgupta.in/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/Picture1.png?ssl=1}}</ref> Gupta's career long process of engaging with all stakeholders of society to have meaningful conversations through engagement with his art that brings awareness about climate change, environment consciousness and sustainable development was launched by him in the form of his "Dialogues at the Waterfront" series. This was an event and workshop encompassing lectures, talks, panel discussions, poetry recitation, meditation and his "jugalbandi" now taking form as his self composed poetry recitation on environment consciousness to the beats of a contemporary or Indian classical dancer performing, at the forefront of his installations.<ref name="The Indian Panorama" /><ref name="Times of India Interview" /> His Waterfront included several stakeholders of society invited by Gupta. Inaugurated by the Union Minister for Water and Sanitation, Govt of India,<ref name="PIB 2015">{{cite news |title=Public Art Innovation on Sustainability "Ganga Waterfront" by Eminent Artist Manav Gupta |url=https://i0.wp.com/manavgupta.in/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/PHOTO-2023-07-07-00-06-26-copy.jpg?ssl=1 |work=Ministry of Water Resources |publisher=Press Information Bureau, Government of India |date=21 February 2015}}</ref> the exhibition also witnessed and was critiqued by [[Richard R. Verma]], [[Sakti Burman]], [[Maite Delteil]], [[Kiran Karnik]], [[Meghnad Desai, Baron Desai]], [[Kamal Meattle]], [[Kiran Nadar]], [[B. N. Goswamy]], [[Yogendra Narain]], along with several other Individuals.<ref name = "people" />

In 2017, Gupta exhibited his beehive garden project along with 4 other installations— Noah's Ark, The Bed of Love, Time Machine and the river waterfront in his "Museum in a Mall" <ref name="Times of India | The Excavated Museum - Manav Gupta"/> experience at DLF Mall of India, that later went on to be critiqued as a "solo biennale"<ref name="Solo Biennale">{{cite news |title=Millennium Post explores why this solo public art project by any artist is a solo biennale in itself.|url=https://i0.wp.com/manavgupta.in/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/IMG_8440.jpg?ssl=1 |work=Millennium Post |date=29 January 2017}}</ref><ref name="MP - Excavated Museum at the Mall">{{cite news |title=Excavated Museum at the Mall |url=https://www.millenniumpost.in/features/news-181301 |work=Millennium Post |date=29 January 2017}}</ref> by art critics and media houses.<ref name="TOI - Mall of India">{{cite news |last1=Mathur |first1=Abhimanyu |title=Clay lamps and kulhads turn Noida mall into an art museum |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/events/noida/clay-lamps-and-kulhads-turn-noida-mall-into-an-art-museum/articleshow/56762561.cms?from=mdr |work=Times of India |date=25 Jan 2017}}</ref> The exhibition's timeline was extended by public demand.<ref name="TOI - Extension">{{cite news |last1=Lal |first1=Niharika |title=Clay installation at Noida mall gets an extended display |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/noida/clay-installation-at-noida-mall-gets-an-extended-display/articleshow/57427594.cms?from=mdr |work=Times of India |publisher=Times News Network |date=2 Mar 2017}}</ref> Gupta invited several stakeholders of society for his dialogues at the waterfront series to discuss issues on climate change and sustainable development for a panel discussion at the backdrop of his waterfront.<ref name="Times of India | The Excavated Museum - Manav Gupta"/> In the same year Gupta donated a painting that was auctioned for raising funds for Water Health Charity, USA.<ref name="Waterhealth Charity">{{cite web |title=Shoonya Watercolor, 2016 by Famed Indian Artist Manav Gupta |url=https://www.charitybuzz.com/catalog_items/auction-shoonya-watercolor-2016-by-famed-indian-artist-1260117 |website=Charitybuzz |publisher=Global Water Challenge}}</ref>

In the latter half of 2017 Gupta was hosted by one his collectors in their home in Amrita Shergill Marg, New Delhi.<ref name="Times of India Interview" /> Gupta created his first private prototype museum in their gardens and embracing trees and architecture.<ref name="Sculpture Garden, Manav Gupta">{{cite web |title=Sculpture Garden, Private Collectors's residence, Amrita Shergill Marg, New Delhi |url=https://manavgupta.in/library/2010-2019/ |website=Manav Gupta }}</ref> Gupta created Rain, that he had first conceptualised and created at his studio in 2012.<ref name="The Luxury Chronicle">{{cite news |title=India – Manav Gupta's Global Art Project's latest: 'Rain' for 2018 worldwide Premier |url=https://www.theluxurychronicle.com/manav-guptas-global-art-project-rain/ |work=The Luxury Chronicle |date=28 December 2017}}</ref> Gupta strongly believed that activism need not be loud.<ref name="Times of India Interview" /><ref name="TEDx">{{cite web |title=Creating Art for Earth – Manav Gupta – TEDxYouth@TheShriramMillenniumNoida |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7I1QBURmzTc |website=Youtube |publisher=TEDx |access-date=7 November 2018}}</ref> And he therefore committed to his movement on climate change, sustainability and environment consciousness by inviting influential stakeholders of society to his studio and holding meaningful conversations to take his movement on environment consciousness and climate change forward.<ref name="'Ganga to Thames, on my eyot. Rainforests and the Timeless metaphors of dreams. An ode to Turner. A tribute to Tagore - London, 2010" /> He invited [[Max Rodenbeck]], Ashok Chauhan, [[Mahesh Sharma]], Hari Bhartia and Kavita Bhartia, [[Uma Sharma]], Anita Meattle, along with several ambassadors to India, namely Sir [[Dominic Asquith]], British High Commissioner to India, Nadir Patel, Canadian High Commissioner to India, Mr Jose Ramón Barañano Fernández, Spanish High Commissioner to India, Ms Mariela Cruz Alvarez, Costa Rica High Commissioner to India and [[Dnyaneshwar Mulay]], Former Consul General of India, New York.<ref name = "people" />

In January 2018, Gupta unveiled Rain, that he first created in the latter half of 2017, at his studio in Amrita Shergill Marg.<ref name="The Luxury Chronicle" /> His traveling Museum was hosted<ref name="IGNCA Website" /> by Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts and Ministry of Culture,<ref name="Ministry of Culture Official Website">{{cite web |title=Arth-Art for Earth-The Excavated Museum of Clay by Manav Gupta |url=https://indiaculture.nic.in/eventapp/event_detail/4788 |website=indiaculture.nic.in |publisher=Ministry of Culture, Government of India|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220902053443/https://indiaculture.nic.in/eventapp/event_detail/4788 |archive-date=2 September 2022 }}</ref> Govt of India and was launched on World Environment Day<ref name="Twitter IGNCA">{{cite news |title=On World Environment Day IGNCA presents excavations in hymns of clay, first of its kind in the world environmental art installations on sustainable development by eminent Indian contemporary artist Manav Gupta. @MinOfCultureGoI |url=https://twitter.com/ignca_delhi/status/1003930489281900544 |work=Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts |publisher=Ministry of Culture |date=5 June 2018}}</ref> and Inaugurated on 5 July by Dr Mahesh Sharma, Cabinet Minister, Ministry of Culture.<ref name="PIB MoC">{{cite news |title=Minister of State for Culture(I/c)Dr. Mahesh Shrama Inaugurates exhibition titled "Arth – art for earth" at IGNCA, New Delhi, today. |url=https://pib.gov.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=180436 |work=Press Information Bureau |agency=Government of India |publisher=Ministry of Culture |date=5 July 2018}}</ref> The exhibition consisted of Rain, the Beehive Garden Project, Noah's Ark, three Time Machine's, the Bed of Life, and the River Waterfront.<ref name="News 18, 2018">{{cite news |last1=Dey |first1=Simantini |title=Delhi-Based Artist, Manav Gupta, Weaves Poetry With Art on Environment |url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/climatechangeart-part-ii-delhi-based-artist-manav-gupta-weaves-poetry-with-art-on-environment-1758761.html |work=News 18 |date=5 June 2018}}</ref> It was extended by public demand till 25 November 2018. Here, Gupta revisited the "[[Chipko movement]]" to embrace Neem and Arjuna trees,<ref name="Indian Express 2018">{{cite news |last1=Chattopadhyay |first1=Pallavi |title=From Sand To Dust – Manav Gupta weaves in stories of sustainability using quintessential byproducts of the Indian potter |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/art-and-culture/from-sand-to-dust-5282108/ |work=Indian Express |date=30 July 2018}}</ref> with half an acre of 'rain' and embraced space and architecture to deploy his river waterfront as an ode to Matighar, at IGNCA. He created 3 Time Machine's as in idiom to depict the sound of aum (OM) and created Noah's Ark on the fountain, in front of their Mansingh Lawns. Honeycombs or beehives of his 'Beehive Garden Project' were put up on the trees along with his rain. Gupta launched his campaign for the city with his environmental art installations<ref name="| The Tribune India |">{{cite news |last1=Rai |first1=Swati |title=Clayscapes – Manav Gupta's Arth — Art for Earth carries forward his commitment towards innovation and sustainability. |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/arts/clayscapes-628280 |work=The Tribune India |date=29 July 2018}}</ref> as— "the city needs the river, we need our trees." With New Delhi's Air Quality Index being at its worse, in the history of the city, the artist's message highlighted and emphasised on the importance of trees being the lungs of the city and how 'rain' nurtures them, for which the 'river' needs to be clean.<ref name="Pioneer 2018">{{cite news |last1=Mittal |first1=Chahak |title=Dust to dust...& all shapes in between |url=https://www.dailypioneer.com/2018/vivacity/dust-to-dustand-all-shapes-in-between.html |work=The Pioneer |publisher=Pioneer |date=14 July 2018}}</ref> He continued his "Dialogues at the Waterfront" series which was a unique call to all stakeholders of society for a discourse to find transforming solutions for sustainable living.<ref name="Times of India Interview" /><ref name="TEDx" /> The exhibition was visited and critiqued by [[Vandana Shiva]], Pheroza Godrej, [[Shyam Benegal]], [[Lokesh Chandra]], [[Amitabh Kant]], [[Yogendra Narain]], [[Anjolie Ela Menon]], along with several others.<ref name = "people" />

In 2019, Gupta was commissioned by the National Highway Authority of India (NHAI)<ref name="Orissa Post 2019">{{cite news |title=One of India's leading contemporary artists Manav Gupta has beautified the Rasulgarh flyover under NHAI project 'An Ode to Bhubaneswar' |url=https://www.orissapost.com/an-ode-to-bhubaneswar/ |work=Orissa Post |date=24 April 2019}}</ref> to create an installation under the Rasulgarh Flyover in Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India. Gupta created half an acre of a "city in a city-sustainable city"<ref name="Pragativadi 2019">{{cite news |title=An Ode To Bhubaneswar: "City In A City" Masterpiece By Manav Gupta |url=https://pragativadi.com/an-ode-to-bhubaneswar-city-in-a-city-masterpiece-by-manav-gupta/ |work=PRAGATIVADI |date=31 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200516175833/https://pragativadi.com/an-ode-to-bhubaneswar-city-in-a-city-masterpiece-by-manav-gupta/ |archive-date=16 May 2020 }}</ref> dubbed "Water-the new gold, which had a 20ft Tall Tube Well, installations and murals constructed with discarded concrete blocks and highway construction scrap materials. This project marked Gupta being credited with creating six iconic and revolutionary art projects in India for the decade of 2010–2019 by Indian Media Houses.<ref name="| TIMES OF INDIA |">{{cite news |last1=Bal |first1=Sandip |title=Artist creates India's first public art museum on water and sustainable development. |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/events/bhubaneswar/artist-creates-installations-to-stress-sustainable-development/articleshow/69671263.cms |work=TIMES OF INDIA |publisher=TIMES NEWS NETWORK |date=5 June 2019}}</ref> Later that year, Gupta was awarded with the senior fellowship from the ministry of culture, govt of India as Outstanding Persons in the Field of Culture, for the field of Visual Arts.<ref name="Senior Fellowship Manav Gupta">{{cite web |title=Senior Fellowship Awarded to 'Outstanding Persons in the Field of Culture', for the 'field of Visual Arts' – Manav Gupta |url=https://indiaculture.gov.in/sites/default/files/Schemes/Result_of_Senior_Fellowship_BY_2019-20-28-09-21.pdf |website=indiaculture.gov.in |publisher=Ministry of Culture, Government of India}}</ref>

==Select works and projects==

===Sculptures and installations===
====River====
Gupta started exploring issues of environment consciousness using the earthen lamp ('diya') as a metaphor, in 2012–13.<ref name="Classic Feel | 2013">{{cite journal |title=A Quest for Light |journal=Classic Feel |date=2013 |pages=40, 41 |url=https://i0.wp.com/manavgupta.in/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/Classic-Feel-News-article-Manav-Gupta.jpg?w=1920&ssl=1}}</ref><ref name="April 15, 2013 | The Pioneer | All for earth" /> He deployed his research on how perception and context interplay with one another in his installation.<ref name="Gupta2016">{{cite news |title=Manav Gupta: "Excavations in Hymns of Clay" demands Environmental Consciousness |url=https://cfileonline.org/art-manav-gupta-excavations-in-hymns-of-clay-recalls-environmental-consciousness/ |work=C file daily |publisher=Cfileonline.org}}</ref> His research explored how the earthen lamp is woven into the cultural-religious fabric of India<ref name="| | Art Feature |">{{cite journal |title=Unsung Hymns of Clay |journal=Architecture + Design |date=June 2013 |pages=82, 83 |url=https://i0.wp.com/manavgupta.in/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/manav-gupta-installation-review-Architecture-and-Design-Magazine.jpg?ssl=1}}</ref> since its inception as a nation and before (Indus Valley Civilisation). According to the artist this small clay bowl has a nondescript existence,<ref name="Matters of Art">{{cite news |last1=Tankha |first1=Rajkumari |title=Exploring the Holy Ganges in Clay |url=http://www.mattersofart.net/feature-details.aspx?mpgid=3&pgid=3&fid=61 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190904172930/http://www.mattersofart.net/feature-details.aspx?mpgid=3&pgid=3&fid=61 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2019-09-04 |work=Matters Of Art |date=15 March 2015}}</ref> and only during that momentary use turn into the medium of "gratifying the desires of the soul or the senses". Gupta, inspired by [[Marcel Duchamp]], inverted the Earthen lamp to symbolise a water droplet,<ref name="Times of India Interview" /><ref name="MCAD President's Lecture Series - Manav Gupta" /> and created "the shrinking river" in an exhibition hosted by the Indian High Commission and Incredible India in the National Museum, Pretoria, South Africa. Gupta's tagline to the river' was "Maano toh mai Ganga Maa hoon, na maano toh behta paani",<ref name="Indian Creative Minds">{{cite journal |title=Art of Manav Gupta |journal=Indian Creative Minds |date=July–August 2015 |volume=2 |issue=1 |url=https://manavgupta.in/library/2010-2019/}}</ref> "if you consider me sacred I'm pure, else mere water that flows"<ref name="Blouin Artinfo" /> symbolised the journey of the 'earthen lamp' on how it is shaped by poor potters who keep them in large numbers by the road side in heaps for selling. "Sometimes beside garbage dumps or beside sewage drains, till the time they are brought home by people who purchase them. Once home, only at the time of worship, or as temporary use material to be discarded, they are used as a tool at the altar or at eventful existences that are fleeting and transient. That's the only time when they are recognised or valued." Says Gupta as he further observes and brings to the attention of the viewer: "The same bowl of clay that had no meaning, no significance or existence in the human psyche suddenly turns into the medium of conveying the desires of the soul or the temporary vessel of gratification. Sacred only when placed at the altar or the table. The earthen lamp assumes the status of the [[Holy Grail]] carrying one's prayers of the soul to the Gods and our spirit awakens. Once the prayer ends, the earthen lamp is discarded again to be immersed in the Ganges."<ref name="Forecast - Public Art Review" /><ref name="Gupta2016" /> Further critiqued as a response to Gupta's installation: "Given today's world of current complex issues of treatment and perception of women as well as earth (referred to as mother earth in many quarters of Indian spirituality) the artist draws a cross spectrum reference of eroding human values using the river Ganga as the idiom." – Uma Nair, Indian art historian and critic.<ref name="2014 TOI - Exploring Identities in Clay" />
After creating the shrinking river in 2013, Gupta created the "River Waterfront" at India Habitat Centre, New Delhi in 2015. A site-specific installation of 45 ft length x 6Oft width x 45 ft height at the plaza steps, thousands of earthen lamps were placed inverted, along several rows while chillams(rural Indian cigar) hung from the wall down the columns, to create an illusion of the flow of water. When dusk fell and the area was lit up, audiences and media exclaimed on how one could almost hear the sound of the waves due to the calmness and serenity it added to an unused Plaza Steps. The installation, "river waterfront" from the series "Excavations in Hymns of Clay", represents a waterfall wherein Gupta used the Ganga, the revered river in India, as the idiom and earthen lamps and chillums as metaphors to draw home the point: "If you consider me sacred, I am pure, else mere water, that flows." As critiqued: "The most striking factor about the installation was the optical illusion that Gupta had succeeded in creating with the earthen lamps and hanging chillums of an actual river flowing. The architectural engagement of the pottery with the walls where it is placed transformed the regular venue into a riparian landscape."<ref name="The Hindu June 2016">{{cite news |last1=Deboo |first1=Khorshed |title=Breaking The Mould |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/mumbai/Breaking-the-mould/article14410179.ece |work=The Hindu |date=30 June 2016}}</ref> "The architectural engagement of art with space and construction is something which is a matter of concern for me and is very important for art to belong there," says Gupta.<ref name="Blouin Artinfo" /> According to him, the earthen lamp and chillums have a negligible existence and are discarded once used, and so is the case with the Ganga and other natural resources that mankind uses and discards with alarming nonchalance.<ref name="Pioneer, Little Clay Pot">{{cite news |last1=Joshi |first1=Priyanka |title=The Little Clay Pot |url=https://www.dailypioneer.com/2017/vivacity/the-little-clay-pot.html |work=The Pioneer |date=21 February 2017}}</ref> Not only do the lamps and chillams feed the need of metaphors but also provide the surface needed to portray a river without a shore, especially when placed inverted. "It's a poor potter's produce which is quintessentially Indian and in terms of micro-finance situation, I am trying to rehabilitate them as I buy diyas in huge numbers. It's deeply satisfying" <ref name="Blouin Artinfo" /> Ripples and waves are discernible even in the installation as the pottery has been placed smartly, densely at certain places to give the right effect.<ref name="Matters of Art" />
This laying of the river is the artist's bedrock of opportunity for dialogues across different stake holders of society and cross cultural worlds.<ref name="Times of India | The Excavated Museum - Manav Gupta" />

====Rain====
Gupta created his first iteration of rain in his studio terrace in 2012. He formally hosted a global premiere at his studio in Amrita Shergill Marg, New Delhi in the latter half of 2017.<ref name="The Luxury Chronicle" /> Gupta revised rain to create, "rain, rainforest and the beehive garden" to create half an acre of rain at the Man Singh Lawns at the Indira Gandhi National Centre of Art and Culture, Hosted by the Ministry of Culture, Govt of India, in 2018. .<ref name="Times of India Interview" /><ref name="Indian Express 2018" />
Rain, the artwork by Gupta, incorporates the use of chillum, a traditional clay smoking pipe associated with intoxication. The chillums are intricately strung together with thin wires, skilfully creating a poetic representation of rain. Gupta has cleverly employed clay, typically associated with the materiality of water, to represent the flowing nature of rain. Additionally, he arranges diyas (traditional oil lamps) on the wires, adding an element of playfulness to his interpretation of rain and its geometric patterns. Emphasizing the significance of each strand and string, Gupta highlights the intricate details within his artwork. Through this deployment, Gupta effectively captures the essence of rainfall, allowing the viewer to perceive the cascading droplets and experience the rhythmic sound of raindrops.
Gupta captures the fragmented geometry of rain, providing an intimate glimpse into the texture of falling raindrops. The true essence of Gupta's work is best understood and experienced when one stands amidst the falling rain hanging from tree branches. This immersive encounter allows viewers to appreciate Gupta's skilful portrayal of the simple yet profound phenomenon of rain.
The effect created by Gupta's installation is akin to the visual experience of an object placed between parallel mirrors, evoking a sense of fascination and immersion. Interestingly, this sensation surpasses the intoxication typically associated with the chillum itself. Gupta encourages his audience to metaphorically "get drenched in the rain," enticing them to fully embrace the artistic encounter.<ref name="Pioneer 2018" /> As quoted by critics and dailies: It is remarkable how Gupta's artwork continues to evolve and transform over months as the installation remains exposed to the elements in outdoor settings. He considers trees as his laboratory, having previously utilized fallen trees as sculptural elements. In the current display, the symbolism of rain falling from tree branches holds significance. Rain relies on trees, just as trees shower the earth with rain. This interplay between rain and trees further deepens the conceptual layers of Gupta's artwork.

====The Beehive Garden Project====
Beehives were first created by Gupta in 2013 where he created two iterations for his beehive garden project: a singular beehive created with chillums and deployed indoors.<ref name="TEDx" /> And an installation of multiple single edition beehives along with a larger version created by Kulhads (Earthen Cups) displayed as an installation in 2017.<ref name="Times of India | The Excavated Museum - Manav Gupta" /> Gupta later deployed these beehives outdoors embracing trees in 2018 to be part of his "rain, rainforest and the beehive garden" that covered half an acre of space.
Bees, often overlooked but significant in the chain of evolution and mankind's sustainability, play a central role in the Gupta's global beehive garden project. This endeavour serves as an environmental statement, highlighting the importance of biodiversity and its critical connection to sustainable development. Gupta's art consistently aims to transcend its own existence by raising awareness about the environment. Through the innovative use of "chilams" (earthen rural cigars) and "kullars" (earthen cups) to create beehives, the artwork not only captivates the senses of the viewer but also serves as a gentle daily reminder to pause and consider their role in preserving bees and biodiversity.<ref name="Pioneer, Little Clay Pot" /><ref name="Indian Express 2018" />
As quoted by critics and dallies: "The presence of Gupta's beehives symbolizing the artist's craftsmanship, thoughtful design, patience, control, precision, and an aesthetically pleasing form acts as a metaphor for bees executing the same in creating the very beehives. Each element of the installation represents the vitality of life."
Gupta emphasizes the challenges faced in capturing the natural essence of nature, particularly when representing beehives. Maintaining the authenticity of the beehive's form was a crucial aspect for him. Careful consideration was given to prevent the beehive from appearing artificial, as it is prone to doing so. Gupta's dedication to preserving the natural integrity of the beehive is evident.
The art project suggests that these beehives, made with unconventional materials, can find a place in every garden and home. They act as a constant reminder to contribute, even in small ways, to the preservation of bees and biodiversity, ultimately making a positive impact in the vast ocean of conservation efforts.<ref name="Times of India | The Excavated Museum - Manav Gupta" />

====Time Machine====
The Time Machine was first created by Gupta in 2014, where he incorporated Earthen Cups to create the structure of an hourglass. He explores the concept of Time and its fleeting nature, prompting contemplation from his viewers. According to Gupta, clay, symbolizing the raw essence of existence and sustainability, is used metaphorically to represent the limited nature of Time, inviting us to reflect on our role in the utilization of earth's resources.<ref name="MCAD President's Lecture Series - Manav Gupta" /> "The delicate nature of clay juxtaposed with the finite nature of the "cup of Time" raises awareness about our consumption habits, perception of Time, and our interaction with Earth within the constraints of our lifetimes in a rapidly modernized, capitalist, and consumer-driven society."<ref name="2014 TOI - Exploring Identities in Clay" />
Gupta introduces light within the installation, symbolizing the awakening of human consciousness and its potential for Hope.
This sculpture-installation aims to evoke philosophical and spiritual contemplation, exploring the intricate relationship between human intelligence, emotional depth, and art appreciation. Simultaneously, it maintains an understated elegance and gracefully invites public engagement with art, showcasing the artist's innovative use of pottery as a mass-consumed artistic medium.<ref name="Times of India | The Excavated Museum - Manav Gupta" />

====Noah's Ark====
This artwork created by Manav Gupta incorporates the symbolism of Noah's Ark to emphasize the importance of environmental preservation. Acting as a metaphor for earth and humanity in its cycle of creation, destruction, and rebirth, the artist explores the pivotal role played by the ark. In his interpretation, Noah's Ark represents an ancient civilization in which Noah and his vessel achieved historical significance by saving life on Earth from impending catastrophe.<ref name="Times of India | The Excavated Museum - Manav Gupta" />
Gupta's artistic vision delves into the concept of an imagined buried museum, where the Noah's Ark and other creations, such as the Time Machine, are discovered. These artifacts symbolize the secrets of sustainable living and serve as a reminder of the collective responsibility mankind has in safeguarding nature from its own interference.<ref name="Pioneer 2018" />
The artwork encourages its viewers to reflect on their role as individuals in protecting not only themselves but also future generations and other species. It emphasizes the notion that humans are interconnected and malleable like clay, capable of assuming the role of Noah by pausing and adopting sustainable practices. By embracing a conscious approach to preserving the environment, one can guide their own families and other species toward an evolved and secure life.<ref name="| The Tribune India |" />

====Bed of Life====
Gupta created two iterations of the bed: "Meet me by the Riverside, the bed of love"<ref name="Pioneer, Little Clay Pot" /> in 2017 and the "bed of life" in 2018.<ref name="Indian Express 2018" /> Gupta created his first prototype of the bed in 2012 in his studio.
Gupta explores the theme of love and its delicate nature, intertwining it with the concept of sustainable development. He uses symbolic representations of male and female elements to convey an intimate expression of love, highlighting its fragility and ethereal quality.

In the artwork, a "river"-bed is created with earthen lamps and cups, creating a visual depiction of a flowing stream that appears to originate from a profound source and seamlessly pour over. This riverbed serves as a symbolic representation of history, love, and a specific sense of hope evoked by the phrase "meet me by the riverside".<ref name="Times of India | The Excavated Museum - Manav Gupta" />

The utilization of earthen materials such as lamps and cups suggests a connection to nature and a deeper understanding of the environment., and engages with the theme of sustainable development.

Through these symbolic elements, the artwork encourages contemplation on the transient nature of love, the intertwining of human existence, and the potential for sustainable growth and development.<ref name="Times of India Interview" />

===Paintings===

Gupta's paintings are known for their contemplative and spiritual nature<ref name="Life & Literature | Sublime and Sacred in the Works of Manav Gupta">{{cite book |last1=Bandopadhyay |first1=Manohar |title=Life & Literature, Sublime and Sacred in the Works of Manav Gupta |date=2020 |isbn=978-93-90155-79-8 |url=https://manavgupta.in/library/2010-2019/}}</ref> that explore the connection between the inner sanctums of the 'soul' and the 'natural world'. His work encompasses a wide range of mediums, including watercolours, acrylics, oils, sculptures, and multimedia. Gupta's artistic journey has led to the maturation and development of his style. "Environment consciousness", "light" and "hope" are the central themes to Gupta's works. Some of his notable series on paintings are, titled "Intimate Whispers", "Rainforests", "Non-Limiting Horizons",<ref name="London 2007 | Bonhams-Asia House, London 2007 | Art for Freedom | Tehelka | ISBN 81-87890-08-8" /> "Lyrics of Light", "Shoonya-from Beyond" and "Umbilical Cords of Earth, Air, Water, Fire & Space".

To better understand Gupta's 'rainforests' and 'umbilical cords' series, his methodology of creation, work and style of paintings, [[Keshav Malik]] has critiqued: "Manav Gupta's art, facing both forwards and inwards, is a contemplation of spiritual and the natural communion. And so, his images act as a vehicle of a visionary world that is itself the instrument of self-transcendence. His disposition is towards invoking the inner world of the soul as the stage of divine imminence. His work has undergone much development. The maturation is palpable.

He works with wide range of installations, watercolors, acrylics, oils, sculptures and multi media, and puts the medium to the task. He is professional at balancing color and light. He also has a precise understanding of color as the language with which nature tries to communicate meanings and values.

Here then is a silent discourse on the music of colors. In this way, visually he works out notes and scales to produce melody and harmony. One can follow Manav's development from color harmonies of great refinement even in his earlier work- on to a progressive liberation of light from the object, or perhaps the resolution of the object into light. The artist has come to understand light as that from which the objects we see are made.

Informed by profound intuition, Manav's pictorial language emerges from and surmounts the creative process to exist objectively. It is then that the instrument of a level experience that is communicable in terms that relate to the knowledge and wisdom of the inwardly attained. The artist's technical know how, as a colorist, is not deployed for its own sake, but because his technique has its own meditative content.

Thus, and in sum, here is evidence of a self-spiritualizing imagination, and wherein the painter is trying to integrate such wholes of experience as bring about our union with the essential reality. Through his external senses the painter is able to perceive the visible world. Through his internal senses he tries to perceive the microcosm, including the twin level of body and soul. The painter has a message to deliver to his ordinary self—a message concerning our deepest being. It means an awakening to a more elevated plane of living. Finally, his "umbilical chord-rainforest" symbolizes an epiphany of the universe continually opening up from sacred source, the centre of the birth of life. An epiphany of which it is both an expression and symbol"<ref name="Manav Gupta Paintings">{{cite web |last1=Malik |first1=Keshav |title=An inward attunement |url=https://manavgupta.in/paintings/ |website=Manav Gupta|date=9 November 2012 }}</ref>

An excerpt from his interview in Classic Feel, "a quest for light" highlights Gupta's use and significance of 'light' and 'hope' in his paintings: "Light is a common preoccupation among visual artists. Painters and photographers alike are always seeking to find light that illuminates their subjects in just the right way and to capture it – somehow to trap within the physical confines of their medium. For Manav Gupta, however, the concern with light goes beyond the problems of the medium to become the subject itself. 'for me it has always been a quest for light.' he says. 'I seek light -in gaps, in crevices and ventricles of the rainforests. For me light is hope. It seeks you out amidst the darkness. So the process of seeking out and finding the way forward with that single streak of light has been the journey of my life and work.'<ref name="Classic Feel | 2013" />

Gupta's paintings are often described as capturing fleeting moments and emotions. They serve as a diary of his innermost thoughts and events, even though they are not autobiographical in nature.<ref name="Asian Age 1999">{{cite news |last1=Dutta Sachdeva |first1=Sujata |title=A Mystical World Of Shades And Emotions |url=https://manavgupta.in/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/Manav-Gupta-1999-chronology-roosevelt-house-exhibition-news-the-delhi-guide.jpg |work=The Delhi Guide |publisher=The Asian Age |date=30 May 1999}}</ref><ref name="The Telegraph">{{cite news |last1=Bhattacharyya |first1=Rajlakshmi |title=Mixed Media |url=https://manavgupta.in/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/Manav-Gupta-1999-chronology-roosevelt-house-exhibition-news-the-telegraph.jpg |work=The Telegraph |publisher=Telegraph India |date=12 June 1999}}</ref> Gupta paintings have been critiqued to possess a universal quality due to their connection to the collective unconscious, his brushwork exhibits a sense of ease and relaxation. His use of colors, particularly blues, umbers, greens, oranges, reds, and indigos, creates a captivating interplay of shades and forms.<ref name="December 15, 1997 | Femina | Emerging Forms, Flowing Colours" />

One notable aspect of Gupta's artworks is the use of titles in the form of Haiku-style poems. The titles, written as short poems, not only explain his thoughts but also contribute to the overall aesthetic of the paintings.<ref name="1997 | Impressions | MUSE, FLIGHT, SOAR | A poet and a painter, Manav Gupta's exhibition of water colours and sculptures at the Taj Bengal." /> Gupta's love for nature is deeply rooted, stemming from his childhood experiences and close connection to earth and nature. This aspect is critiqued to be evident in his artworks.<ref name="Patricia Groves Essay">{{cite web |last1=Groves |first1=Patricia |title=from a Garden in Calcutta |url=https://manavgupta.in/paintings/ |website=Manav Gupta |date=9 November 2012 |publisher=Patricia Groves}}</ref><ref name="Kingshuk Mukherji Essay">{{cite web |last1=Mukherji |first1=Kingshuk |title=Manav Gupta is a natural |url=https://manavgupta.in/paintings/ |website=Manav Gupta |date=9 November 2012 |publisher=Kingshuk Mukherji}}</ref>

The "Earth series" by Gupta draws attention to the beauty of nature and reflects his love for music and poetry. Each artwork in the series is accompanied by a poem, highlighting the mystical and poetic elements of his paintings.<ref name="Statesman 1999">{{cite news |last1=Mukhopadhyaya |first1=Soumik |title=Abstraction or realism, Earth tones dominate the works of Manav Gupta |url=https://manavgupta.in/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/Picture-10.jpg |work=The Statesman |date=4 June 1999}}</ref> Gupta's style effortlessly combines his skills as a poet and an artist, and it is critiqued to be sometimes unclear whether the poetry or the painting comes first in his creative process.<ref name="1997 | Impressions | MUSE, FLIGHT, SOAR | A poet and a painter, Manav Gupta's exhibition of water colours and sculptures at the Taj Bengal." />

Gupta has also used his paintings along with his poetry to create one minute and thirty second films as public service messages commissioned by the Ministry of Environments and Forests, Govt of India for television on climate change,<ref name="A Canvas for the Greater Good">{{cite news |last1=Sunny |first1=Shashi |title=A canvas for the greater good |url=https://thepatriot.in/art/a-canvas-for-the-greater-good-44826 |publisher=The Patriot |date=January 24, 2024}}</ref> sustainable development, ecosystems and alternate energy.<ref name='26 December 2009 | Hindustan Times | HT City – Three-fold story "Artist Manav Gupta'/><ref name="December 26, 2009 | CNN IBN | Copenhagen Wall of Hope by Manav Gupta"/>

Gupta has also used his paintings for creating dual and triple channel video installations in South Africa in 2013 and prototype 'digital viewing rooms' from the period of 2009 – 2012.<ref name="Award - Films" />

===Murals===
====Tree of Life====

He has won international acclaim for his first of its kind six floor high 5000 sq ft in facade and 10000 sq ft of total painted surface, commissioned mega [[mural]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.yourchennai.com/index.php/technology/science/769-sunil-bharti-mittal-unveils-5-storey-high-mural-at-the-airtel-centre-in-gurgaon |title=Sunil Bharti Mittal unveils 5 storey high mural at the Airtel Centre in Gurgaon |access-date=2011-10-10 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120424041724/http://www.yourchennai.com/index.php/technology/science/769-sunil-bharti-mittal-unveils-5-storey-high-mural-at-the-airtel-centre-in-gurgaon |archive-date=24 April 2012 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> at the headquarters of a leading telecom corporate giant in Gurgaon near Delhi, India in 2010, where he painted Live for three months while involving thousands of employees' brush strokes in his creation<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/people/The-big-picture-by-Manav-Gupta/iplarticleshow/6167629.cms|title = The big picture by Manav Gupta – the Times of India|website = [[The Times of India]]}}</ref> [[Tree of Life mural (Manav Gupta)|"The Tree of Life"]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/life-and-style/metroplus/article611626.ece|title=Thousands of hands, one mural|newspaper=The Hindu|date=3 September 2010|last1=Dhyani|first1=Ankita}}</ref>
The Tree of Life is the tallest and largest three-dimensional indoor staircase mural<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.limcabookofrecords.in/subcategory_detailed.asp?cat=PAINTING&id=81 |title=Limca Book of Records :: Special Music Edition |access-date=26 January 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120322183832/http://www.limcabookofrecords.in/subcategory_detailed.asp?cat=PAINTING&id=81 |archive-date=22 March 2012 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref> by artist Manav Gupta. It covers approximately 5,000 sq ft of visible frontage through a glass façade and 10,000 sq ft of total painted surface. Its significance lies in the methodology of creation as a work of contemporary art, with the first of its kind simultaneous use of four different art practices in conceptual, site specific, collaborative and performance art.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-07-13/people/28308156_1_paint-mural-employees |title=The big picture by Manav Gupta – Times of India |website=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=2 February 2022 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130103080723/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-07-13/people/28308156_1_paint-mural-employees |archive-date=3 January 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

When commissioned by [[Bharti Airtel]] Ltd to create a "staircase artwork"<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://businesstoday.intoday.in/story/bharti-airtel-racing-for-top-telecom-firm-spot/1/17990.html|title = Ambitious reorganisation at Bharti Airtel could return it to its vibrant past| date=30 August 2011 }}</ref> at their headquarters, the artist introduced a unique sustainable development process in corporate entity, by establishing that art can contribute to the business environment as well, by refreshing the intangible quality of its soft power among employees.
Adding a collaborative dimension, he conceptualised the mural as a public art project by allowing thousands of employees the experience of putting brush strokes. In the process, a series of role plays of teaching and motivating employees took effect as performance art. In the second half of the project, a three dimensional site specific composition took shape. With Gupta working solo all through the day, live in front of 3500 employees and almost as many visitors at the corporate campus site, the mural took three months to complete as an evolving storyline of five elements in Nature. Keeping in mind the visibility of the staircase all over the campus through a 60 ft high glass facade,<ref>[https://archive.today/20130126054510/http://www.indianexpress.com/news/mittal-unveils-5storey-high-mural-at-airtel-centre/650710/1 Indian Express]</ref> the site specific intervention amalgamated the background wall and the front face of the staircase perspectives of five floors into a single canvas merging surrounding sides and roof within one composition.

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Wikiquote}}

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Gupta, Manav}}
[[Category:1967 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Artists from Kolkata]]
[[Category:Conceptual artists]]
[[Category:Indian contemporary artists]]
[[Category:Indian contemporary painters]]
[[Category:Indian installation artists]]
[[Category:Indian performance artists]]
[[Category:Indian male sculptors]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian painters]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian painters]]
[[Category:Indian contemporary sculptors]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian sculptors]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian sculptors]]
[[Category:Indian male painters]]
[[Category:Painters from West Bengal]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male artists]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male artists]]

Vandana Katariya

2026-04-13T03:27:44Z

ElijahCombs83: Put up new info initial version!

{{short description|Indian field hockey player}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2017}}
{{Infobox field hockey player
| name = Vandana Katariya
| image = Vandana Katariya.jpg
| caption = Katariya in August 2022
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1992|4|15|df=yes}}
| birth_place = Roshnabad, [[Uttar Pradesh]] (now [[Uttarakhand]], India)
| height = 1.59 m
| weight = 50 kg
| position = Forward
| years1 =
| clubs1 = Uttar Pradesh Hockey
| caps1 =
| goals1 =
| years2 =
| clubs2 = [[Railways Sports Promotion Board|Railways]]
| caps2 =
| goals2 =
| years3 = 2025–
| clubs3 = [[Rarh Bengal Tigers]]
| caps3 =
| goals3 =
| nationalyears1 = 2009–2025
| nationalteam1 = [[India women's national field hockey team|India]]
| nationalcaps1 = 320
| nationalgoals1 = 98
| medaltemplates =
{{MedalSport|Women's [[field hockey]]}}
{{MedalCountry|{{IND}}}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[Field hockey at the Asian Games|Asian Games]]}}
{{MedalSilver|[[Field hockey at the 2018 Asian Games|2018 Jakarta]]|[[Field hockey at the 2018 Asian Games – Women|Team]]}}
{{MedalBronze|[[Field hockey at the 2014 Asian Games|2014 Incheon]]|[[Field hockey at the 2014 Asian Games – Women|Team]]}}
{{MedalBronze|[[Field hockey at the 2022 Asian Games|2022 Hangzhou]]|[[Field hockey at the 2022 Asian Games – Women's tournament|Team]]}}
{{MedalComp|[[Commonwealth Games]]}}
{{MedalBronze|[[Hockey at the 2022 Commonwealth Games|2022 Birmingham]]|[[Hockey at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Women's tournament|Team]]}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[Women's Hockey Asia Cup|Asia Cup]]}}
{{MedalGold|[[2017 Women's Hockey Asia Cup|2017 Gifu]]|}}
{{MedalBronze|[[2013 Women's Hockey Asia Cup|2013 Kuala Lumpur]]|}}
{{MedalBronze|[[2022 Women's Hockey Asia Cup|2022 Muscat]]|}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[Women's Asian Champions Trophy|Asian Champions Trophy]]}}
{{MedalGold|[[2016 Women's Asian Champions Trophy|2016 Singapore]]|}}
{{MedalGold|[[2023 Women's Asian Champions Trophy|2023 Ranchi]]|}}
{{MedalSilver|[[2013 Women's Asian Champions Trophy|2013 Kakamigahara]]|}}
{{MedalSilver|[[2018 Women's Asian Champions Trophy|2018 Donghae]]|}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[Women's FIH Hockey Nations Cup|FIH Nations Cup]]}}
{{MedalGold|[[2022 Women's FIH Hockey Nations Cup|2022 Spain]]|}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[Women's Hockey Junior World Cup|Junior World Cup]]}}
{{MedalBronze|[[2013 Women's Hockey Junior World Cup|2013 Mönchengladbach]]|}}
}}

'''Vandana Katariya''' (born 15 April 1992) is a former Indian [[field hockey]] player who played as a [[Field hockey#Positions|forward]] for the [[India women's national field hockey team|Indian national team]]. After representing India in 320 matches and scoring 158 goals, she announced her retirement from international hockey on 1 April 2025. As of that date, she holds the record for the most caps in Indian women's hockey.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-04-02 |title=Hockey legend Vandana Katariya retires: 'What use was my life if I couldn't help the team?' |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/hockey/hockey-legend-vandana-katariya-retires-what-use-was-my-life-if-i-couldnt-help-team-9918891/ |access-date=2025-04-02 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Ganesan |first1=Uthra |title=Vandana Katariya — part of some of the team's biggest triumph — retires from international hockey |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sport/hockey/vandana-katariya-part-of-some-of-the-teams-biggest-triumph-retires-from-international-hockey/article69400463.ece |website=The Hindu |access-date=2 April 2025 |language=en-IN |date=1 April 2025}}</ref>

Vandana rose to prominence in 2013, being India's top goal-scorer in the [[2013 Women's Hockey Junior World Cup]], where India won a bronze medal; she scored five goals in the tournament, the third by any player. She is an ambassador of [[Beti Bachao Beti Padhao]] campaign.

She was a part of the Indian team that won a bronze medal at the [[2014 Asian Games]] and represented India at the [[2016 Rio Olympics]]. She has cited Argentine [[Luciana Aymar]] as her favorite player.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://m.sportskeeda.com/hockey/indian-hockey-team-stronger-vandana-kataria-poonam-rani |title=Indian hockey team stronger with Vandana Kataria: Poonam Rani |date=13 June 2015 }}</ref>

In March 2022, Kataria was awarded the Padma Shri, India's fourth-highest civilian award, in recognition of her distinguished contribution in the field of sports.<ref>{{cite news |title=Vandana Katariya on being conferred with the Padma Shri: I feel extremely honoured - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/spotlight/vandana-katariya-on-being-conferred-with-the-padma-shri-i-feel-extremely-honoured/articleshow/90375733.cms |work=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Padma Awards 2022: Vandana Katariya Honoured With Padma Shri After Tokyo Olympics Show |url=https://www.news18.com/news/sports/padma-awards-2022-vandana-katariya-honoured-with-padma-shri-after-tokyo-olympics-show-4700966.html |work=News18 |date=26 January 2022 |language=en}}</ref>

==Early life==
Katariya was born at Roshnabad, [[Haridwar district]] in then [[Uttar Pradesh]], now in [[Uttarakhand]]. Her father Nahar Singh works as a master technician in [[Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited|BHEL]], [[Haridwar]].<ref>{{cite news |title=CM honours Jr Hockey player Vandana |url=http://www.dailyexcelsior.com/cm-honours-jr-hockey-player-vandana/ |publisher=Daily Excelsior |date=13 August 2013 |access-date=24 July 2014 |archive-date=28 July 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140728063113/http://www.dailyexcelsior.com/cm-honours-jr-hockey-player-vandana/ |url-status=live }}</ref> She has been among the most improved players upfront for India in the last couple of years. The youngster first made her junior international debut in 2006 before going on to make her senior international debut in 209 at Kazan, Russia in the FIH Champions Challenge II Tournament.<ref name="sportsrediscovered.com">{{cite web |url=http://sportsrediscovered.com/12701/meteoric-rise-vandana-katariya |title=Meet Vandana Katariya – Indian Hockey Star |date=11 March 2015 |access-date=18 July 2015 |archive-date=21 March 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150321094828/http://sportsrediscovered.com/12701/meteoric-rise-vandana-katariya |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Padma Awards 2022: Vandana Katariya Honoured With Padma Shri After Tokyo Olympics Show |url=https://www.news18.com/news/sports/padma-awards-2022-vandana-katariya-honoured-with-padma-shri-after-tokyo-olympics-show-4700966.html |work=News18 |date=26 January 2022 |language=en |archive-date=9 May 2022 |access-date=11 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220509193912/https://www.news18.com/news/sports/padma-awards-2022-vandana-katariya-honoured-with-padma-shri-after-tokyo-olympics-show-4700966.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-04-02 |title=How India's Most Capped Player Vandana Katariya Would be Fondly Remembered in Indian Women's Hockey |url=https://hockeypassion.in/how-vandana-katariya-would-be-fondly-remembered-in-indian-womens-hockey/ |access-date=2025-04-02 |website=HockeyPassion.in |language=en-US}}</ref>

==Career==
Katariya was picked in the Indian junior team in 2006 and she made it to the senior national team in 2010. She was a part of the team that won bronze at the [[2013 Women's Hockey Junior World Cup|2013 Junior World Cup]] in [[Mönchengladbach]], [[Germany]]. She was India's top scorer in the tournament, having scored 5 goals in 4 games.<ref>{{cite web |title=2013 Junior World Cup – Individual Statistics |url=http://www.fih.ch/files/competitions/2013/JWC%20Germany%20Women/Day%207/Statistics%20-%20Day%207.pdf |publisher=International Hockey Federation |access-date=24 July 2014 |archive-date=8 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140808113820/http://www.fih.ch/files/competitions/2013/JWC%20Germany%20Women/Day%207/Statistics%20-%20Day%207.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> In an interview she called the bronze medal her favorite moment, "It has to be when we won the bronze medal at the World Cup in Germany. My father was called by the media and he had tears in his eyes. So, making my father proud is the best moment of my hockey career."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sportskeeda.com/hockey/interview-with-vandana-kataria |title=Interview with Vandana Kataria: "Women's hockey needs an HIL for more exposure" |date=9 April 2015 |access-date=18 July 2015 |archive-date=4 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304113838/http://www.sportskeeda.com/hockey/interview-with-vandana-kataria |url-status=live }}</ref> She won her 100th cap while playing against [[Canada women's national field hockey team|Canada]] in [[2014 Commonwealth Games]] in [[Glasgow]], [[Scotland]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Vandana completes 100 caps at CWG |url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/vandana-completes-100-caps-at-cwg-114072401621_1.html |newspaper=Business Standard |date=24 July 2014 |access-date=24 July 2014 |archive-date=12 April 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150412143454/http://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/vandana-completes-100-caps-at-cwg-114072401621_1.html |url-status=live }}</ref> "We clearly missed Vandana during the Hawke's Bay Cup. Her being back in the team strengthens our attack as she is good with speed and skill, to break the defence chain, which at times leaves the opponents on the back foot," said Kataria's 21-year-old teammate Poonam Rani. Katariya was honored with Hockey India's Player of the Year Award in 2014.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/hockey/women-s-world-cup-2018-battling-poverty-societal-norms-striker-vandana-katariya-surpasses-the-magic-200-mark |title=Women's World Cup 2018: Battling poverty, self-doubt, striker Vandana Katariya surpasses the magic 200 mark |date=8 July 2018 |access-date=28 July 2018 |archive-date=17 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180717140449/https://www.sportskeeda.com/hockey/women-s-world-cup-2018-battling-poverty-societal-norms-striker-vandana-katariya-surpasses-the-magic-200-mark |url-status=live }}</ref> At the [[2014–15 Women's FIH Hockey World League Round 2|Round 2]] of the [[2014–15 Women's FIH Hockey World League|2014–15 FIH Hockey World League]], she finished with 11 goals top-scorer, with India winning the tournament.<ref>{{cite news |author=Kulkarni, Abhimanyu |title=Chak De: Indian eves beat Poland to clinch World Hockey League round 2 |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/othersports/india-beat-poland-3-1-to-clinch-world-league-round-2/article1-1326720.aspx |newspaper=Hindustan Times |date=16 March 2015 |access-date=5 April 2015 |archive-date=7 April 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150407123558/http://www.hindustantimes.com/othersports/india-beat-poland-3-1-to-clinch-world-league-round-2/article1-1326720.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref> "In my book, Vandana is one of the top forwards in world hockey. She is quick, can score goals, can defend and is improving all the time," Indian women's hockey team's stop-gap coach [[Roelant Oltmans]] said after her performance in Round 2 League.<ref name="sportsrediscovered.com"/> In November 2016, Katariya was retained as the skipper of the Indian women's hockey team for the Test Series against Australia and led the team in Melbourne from 23 to 30 November.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/sports/vandana-to-lead-indian-eves-in-test-series-vs-australia |title=Vandana to lead Indian eves in Test Series vs Australia |date=12 November 2016 |access-date=28 July 2018 |archive-date=28 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180728131207/https://www.sportskeeda.com/sports/vandana-to-lead-indian-eves-in-test-series-vs-australia |url-status=live }}</ref>

After qualifying for [[2016 Summer Olympics]] Katariya said:

{{cquote|Our morale is high. Our performance in [[Antwerp]] gave us a lot of confidence. We beat a lot of teams that we'll be facing in Rio.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/meet-the-first-indian-women-s-hockey-olympic-qualifiers-ever/story-IGhOhbHfuFXOzACWQPxaMK.html |title=Meet the first Indian women's hockey Olympic qualifiers ever |date=5 December 2015 |access-date=7 December 2015 |archive-date=21 August 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160821183718/http://www.hindustantimes.com/meet-the-first-indian-women-s-hockey-olympic-qualifiers-ever/story-IGhOhbHfuFXOzACWQPxaMK.html |url-status=live }}</ref>}}

The Indian team won a silver at the Asian Champion Trophy, 2018, losing to Korea. Vandana Katariya won the player of the tournament award.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/hockey/asian-champions-trophy-2018-tournament-gives-us-self-confidence-with-an-eye-on-asian-games-gold-says-sjoerd-marijne |title=Asian Champions Trophy 2018: Tournament gives us self-confidence with an eye on Asian Games gold, says Sjoerd Marijne |date=20 May 2018 |access-date=28 July 2018}}</ref> Katariya played her 200th match in the third of the five-match series in India's tour of [[Spain women's national field hockey team|Spain]] in June 2018 ahead of the [[2018 Women's Hockey World Cup|World Cup]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Women's hockey: Vandana Katariya hits 200-cap milestone |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ani/women-s-hockey-vandana-katariya-hits-200-cap-milestone-118061600067_1.html |access-date=17 July 2018 |work=Business Standard |date=16 June 2018 |archive-date=17 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180717184206/https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ani/women-s-hockey-vandana-katariya-hits-200-cap-milestone-118061600067_1.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Women's World Cup 2018: Battling poverty, self-doubt, striker Vandana Katariya surpasses the magic 200 mark |url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/hockey/women-s-world-cup-2018-battling-poverty-societal-norms-striker-vandana-katariya-surpasses-the-magic-200-mark |website=Sportskeeda |access-date=17 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180717140449/https://www.sportskeeda.com/hockey/women-s-world-cup-2018-battling-poverty-societal-norms-striker-vandana-katariya-surpasses-the-magic-200-mark |archive-date=17 July 2018 |date=8 July 2018}}</ref> She was named in the 16-member squad for the World Cup.<ref>{{cite news |title=Women's World Cup: Rani Rampal to captain India |url=https://www.sportstarlive.com/hockey/womens-world-cup-rani-rampal-to-captain-india/article24287748.ece |access-date=17 July 2018 |work=Sportstarlive |language=en}}</ref>

In the [[2020 Summer Olympics]] in Tokyo, Vandana became first Indian woman to score an Olympic hat-trick in hockey.<ref>{{Cite news|title=India women's hockey team beat South Africa 4-3 to keep quarterfinal hopes alive|work=SportsTiger|url=https://www.sportstiger.com/india-womens-hockey-team-beat-south-africa-4-3-to-keep-quarterfinal-hopes-alive-kamalpreet-kaur-finishes-second-in-discus-qualification/|access-date=31 July 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Vandana becomes first Indian woman to score Olympic hat-trick in hockey|work=Hindustan Times|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/sports/olympics/video-vandana-becomes-first-indian-woman-to-score-olympic-hat-trick-in-hockey-101627714345565.html|access-date=31 July 2021}}</ref> Her family was subjected to casteist slurs after India lost to Argentina in the semifinals.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.firstpost.com/sports/vandana-katariyas-family-subjected-to-casteist-slurs-after-india-lose-to-argentina-in-olympics-9866121.html|title=Vandana Katariya's family was reportedly subjected to casteist slurs after India lost to Argentina in Olympics|website=Firstpost|access-date=5 August 2021}}</ref> Certain upper-caste men allegedly hurled abuses at Katariya's family saying that the team lost the Olympic semifinal as it had too many [[Dalit]] players.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/casteist-slur-on-hockey-player-vandana-katariya-after-india-loses-olympic-semis-1-arrested-report-2503413|title=Caste Slur at Hockey Player Vandana Katariya's Family, 1 Arrested: Report|access-date=5 August 2021|archive-date=5 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210805124624/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/casteist-slur-on-hockey-player-vandana-katariya-after-india-loses-olympic-semis-1-arrested-report-2503413|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/youths-pass-casteist-remarks-at-indian-hockey-player-vandana-katariyas-kin-one-arrested-7439777/|title = Youths pass casteist remarks at Indian hockey player Vandana Katariya's kin, one arrested|date = 5 August 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://scroll.in/latest/1002103/hockey-player-vandana-katariyas-family-faces-casteist-slurs-after-olympic-loss|title=Hockey player Vandana Katariya's family faces casteist slurs after Olympic loss|date=5 August 2021|access-date=5 August 2021|archive-date=5 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210805124625/https://scroll.in/latest/1002103/hockey-player-vandana-katariyas-family-faces-casteist-slurs-after-olympic-loss|url-status=live}}</ref>

On August 8, 2021, she was appointed the brand ambassador of the centre's '[[Beti Bachao, Beti Padhao Yojana|Beti Bachao, Beti Padhao Andolan]]'.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|author=MS Nawaz|date=Aug 9, 2021|title=Hockey star Vandana Katariya made Uttarakhand's brand ambassador for women & child dept {{!}} Dehradun News - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/dehradun/hockey-star-vandana-katariya-made-uttarakhands-brand-ambassador-for-women-child-dept/articleshow/85159751.cms|access-date=2021-08-13|website=The Times of India|language=en|archive-date=13 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210813111433/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/dehradun/hockey-star-vandana-katariya-made-uttarakhands-brand-ambassador-for-women-child-dept/articleshow/85159751.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>

==International goals==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! No. !! Date !! Venue !! Opponent !! Score !! Result !! Competition
|-
| 1. || 10 September 2011 || [[Ordos City|Ordos]], [[China]] || {{fhw|JPN}} || align=center|'''1'''–0 || align=center| 2–3 {{aet}} || [[2011 Women's Asian Champions Trophy]]
|-
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://www.hockeyindia.org/players/vandana-katariya-profile-262 Vandana Katariya] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210808140017/https://www.hockeyindia.org/players/vandana-katariya-profile-262 |date=8 August 2021 }} at [[Hockey India]]
* {{FIH|163}}
* {{Olympics.com|vandana-katariya}}
* {{Olympedia|130570}}
* {{CGF|64680}}
* {{2014 Commonwealth Games profile|hockey/1008691/v_katariya}}
* {{2018 Commonwealth Games profile|hockey/athlete-profile-n6006481-vandana-katariya}}

{{Padma Shri Award Recipients in Sports|state=collapsed}}
{{Navboxes
|title=India squads
| bg = #0077FF
| fg = #FFFF40
|list1=
{{India FHW Squad 2013 Asia Cup}}
{{India FHW Squad 2014 Asian Games}}
{{India FHW Squad 2016 Summer Olympics}}
{{India FHW Squad 2017 Asia Cup}}
{{India FHW Squad 2018 World Cup}}
{{India FHW Squad 2018 Asian Games}}
{{India FHW Squad 2020 Summer Olympics}}
{{India FHW Squad 2022 Asia Cup}}
{{India FHW Squad 2022 World Cup}}
{{India FHW Squad 2022 Commonwealth Games}}
{{India FHW Squad 2022 Asian Games}}
}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Katariya, Vandana}}
[[Category:1992 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian women's field hockey players]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian sportswomen]]
[[Category:Asian Games silver medalists for India]]
[[Category:Asian Games field hockey players for India]]
[[Category:Asian Games bronze medalists for India]]
[[Category:Women's field hockey forwards]]
[[Category:Field hockey players at the 2014 Asian Games]]
[[Category:Field hockey players at the 2014 Commonwealth Games]]
[[Category:Field hockey players at the 2016 Summer Olympics]]
[[Category:Field hockey players at the 2020 Summer Olympics]]
[[Category:Field hockey players at the 2018 Asian Games]]
[[Category:Field hockey players at the 2022 Asian Games]]
[[Category:Field hockey players from Uttarakhand]]
[[Category:Medalists at the 2014 Asian Games]]
[[Category:Medalists at the 2018 Asian Games]]
[[Category:Medalists at the 2022 Asian Games]]
[[Category:Olympic field hockey players for India]]
[[Category:Sportswomen from Uttarakhand]]
[[Category:Field hockey players at the 2018 Commonwealth Games]]
[[Category:Field hockey players at the 2022 Commonwealth Games]]
[[Category:Commonwealth Games bronze medallists for India]]
[[Category:Commonwealth Games field hockey players for India]]
[[Category:Commonwealth Games bronze medallists in field hockey]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Arjuna Award]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in sports]]
[[Category:Medallists at the 2022 Commonwealth Games]]
[[Category:People from Haridwar]]
[[Category:Asian Games silver medalists in field hockey]]
[[Category:Asian Games bronze medalists in field hockey]]

One Cut Two Cut

2026-04-05T06:52:20Z

ElijahCombs83: Starting Initial Post With Sources

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2022}}
{{Infobox film
| name = One Cut Two Cut
| image = One Cut Two Cut.jpg
| caption = Poster
| director = Vamsidhar Bhogaraju
| producer = Ashwini Puneeth Rajkumar Gurudath A. Talwar
| writer = Vamsidhar Bhogaraju [[Danish Sait]]
| screenplay =
| based_on =
| starring = Danish Sait [[Prakash Belawadi]] [[Samyukta Hornad]]
| narrator =
| music = [[Nakul Abhyankar]]
| cinematography = Sahit Anand
| editing = Sahit Anand
| studio = [[PRK Productions]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/regional/danish-sait-puneeth-rajkumar-had-enjoyed-one-cut-two-cut-felt-proud-7753004/|title=Danish Sait: Puneeth Rajkumar had enjoyed One Cut Two Cut, felt proud|website=The Times Of India |date=2 February 2022 |accessdate=4 February 2022}}</ref>
| distributor = [[Amazon Prime Video]]
| released = {{film date|2022|02|03|df=y}}
| runtime = 89 minutes
| country = India
| language = Kannada
| gross = 
}}

'''''One Cut Two Cut''''' is a 2022 Indian [[Kannada]]-language [[comedy film]] written and directed by Vamsidhar Bhogaraju. The film stars [[Danish Sait]], who plays the role of arts and craft teacher.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://zeenews.india.com/kannada/entertainment/danish-saits-one-cut-two-cut-trailer-out-now-65296/amp|title=One Cut Two Cut Trailer Out Now : ಡ್ಯಾನಿಶ್ ಸೇಟ್ ಅಭಿನಯದ ಕನ್ನಡ ಕಾಮಿಡಿ-ಸಾಹಸ |website=Zeenews |date=27 January 2022}}</ref> [[Prakash Belawadi]], [[Samyukta Hornad]] plays in pivotal roles.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/south/one-cut-two-cut-movie-review-danish-sait-and-prakash-belawadi-make-film-watchable-1013669 |title=One Cut Two Cut Movie Review: Danish Sait and Prakash Belawadi make the film watchable |website=Pinkvilla.com |date=3 February 2022 |accessdate=4 February 2022 |archive-date=4 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220204122231/https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/south/one-cut-two-cut-movie-review-danish-sait-and-prakash-belawadi-make-film-watchable-1013669 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="SamHo"/> The film is produced by Ashwini Puneeth Rajkumar and Gurudath A Talwar of PRK Productions. It was released on 3 February 2022 on [[Amazon Prime Video]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Prime Video: One Cut Two Cut|url=https://www.primevideo.com/detail/One-Cut-Two-Cut/0MYQXIOLQFJE708FURH0R8V5QS|access-date=2022-02-04|website=www.primevideo.com|language=en-us|archive-date=4 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220204100336/https://www.primevideo.com/detail/One-Cut-Two-Cut/0MYQXIOLQFJE708FURH0R8V5QS|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/the-kannada-film-one-cut-two-cut-gets-digital-release/article38363038.ece|title=The Kannada film 'One Cut Two Cut' gets digital release|website=The Hindu|date=2 February 2022|accessdate=4 February 2022|last1=Anandraj|first1=Shilpa|archive-date=4 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220204123844/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/the-kannada-film-one-cut-two-cut-gets-digital-release/article38363038.ece|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Plot ==
{{plot|section|date=July 2022}}
Gopi is a mild-mannered and soft-spoken arts and crafts teacher who works at the Bytarayanapura school. Due to the nature of his work, he does not earn much and is ridiculed by his neighbor. Meanwhile, ex-radio host Pruthviraj plans to organize a protest against the government to earn fame on social media and become more popular than [[Amitabh Bachchan]], whom he envies. But, nobody turns up for the protest except for Ayan a struggling stand-up comedian, Neha, a fashion blogger, and Gurudev an ex-serviceman. The four decide to take drastic steps to force the government to fulfill their demands.

Meanwhile, Gopi reaches the school and finds that the teachers are unenthusiastic about teaching the children. He also bumps into Nagaveni a teacher at the school and the woman he likes. It is revealed that Gopi and his late mother once visited Nagaveni's house to ask her hand in marriage but was rejected by her father due to his educational qualifications. Gopi entertains the students by making [[origami]] but his fun session is soon interrupted by the four silly radical activists (wearing [[Money Heist|tracksuits and masks]]) who plan to hold the school hostage until their demands are met. Gopi becomes the translator between the activists and the CM's secretary.

The secretary thinks of it as a joke but realizes the gravity of the situation when he gets a selfie of the hijackers with a gun. The hijackers demand the resignation of the CM but later agree to give a formal list of demands (all of which are absurd). This incident is picked up by news anchor Komala (Soundarya Nagaraj), but she is forced to broadcast meaningless news by her boss instead of this. The secretary, realizing how this event can affect the upcoming elections decides to end the issue quietly by ordering a secret agent(Vamsidhar Bhogaraju) and his 'elite' team to eliminate the hijackers. The film then focuses on the three parties and how incredibly ridiculous their day is.

By nightfall, the silly hijackers realize their plan will yield no fruitful results, and decide to escape before they are arrested. However, Pruthviraj is reluctant and gets increasingly agitated. All this is captured secretly by Komala who resigns when her boss does not allow her to broadcast her footage. The 'elite' team finally ends up at the wrong school and Pruthviraj ends up shooting Gopi in the back. Finally, all the parties head home in the ambulance carrying Gopi and the silly activists formally apologize for the hijacking. Gopi informs the relieved secretary about the end of the situation and requests him to improve the conditions of the government school. Gopi even lies to the secret agent about not knowing who the hijackers were and everyone goes home happy.

The film ends by showing how all the activists have mended their ways and how Nagaveni has ended up marrying another person instead of Gopi.

==Cast==
* [[Danish Sait]] as Gopi,<ref name="timesofindia">{{cite news|title=Danish Sait starrer 'One Cut Two Cut' to begin principal photography on Feb 5th|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/danish-sait-starrer-one-cut-two-cut-to-begin-principal-photography-on-feb-5th/articleshow/80686709.cms|work=timesofindia|date=4 February 2021|access-date=6 February 2022}}</ref> art and craft teacher
* [[Prakash Belawadi]] as Pruthviraj, working in All India Radio and hates Amitabh Bachhan
* [[Samyukta Hornad]] as Nagaveni,<ref name="SamHo">{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/ahead-of-one-cut-two-cut-release-samyukta-hornad-says-her-first-attempt-at-comedy-was-quite-challenging/articleshow/89291811.cms|title=Ahead of One Cut Two Cut release, Samyukta Hornad says her first attempt at comedy was quite challenging|date=2 February 2022|website=Times of India|access-date=4 February 2022 }}</ref> school teacher
* [[Jordindian|Vineeth Beep Kumar]] as Ayan, struggling stand-up comedian
* Roopa Rayappa as Neha, fashion blogger
* Manoj Sputnique Sengupta as Gurudev, ex-serviceman
* [[Aruna Balraj]] as Hindi Teacher
* Sampath Maitreya as CM's Secretary
* Ashwin Hasan as Murty, News Channel Owner
* Vamsidhar Bhogaraju as Special Agent
* [[Rishi (Kannada actor)|Rishi]] as Groom who marries Nagaveni, special appearance

== Soundtrack ==
{{Infobox album
| name = One Cut Two Cut
| type = Soundtrack
| artist = [[Nakul Abhyankar]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 2022
| recorded = 2022
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[soundtrack|Feature film soundtrack]]
| length = 12:50
| language = Kannada
| label = PRK Audio
| producer = Nakul Abhyankar
| prev_title =
| prev_year =
| next_title =
| next_year =
| misc = {{Singles
| single1 = Yaava Swargadinda
| single1date = 31 January 2022
}}
}}
Music composed by [[Nakul Abhyankar]]. First were released on 31 January 2022.

{{Tracklist
| headline = Tracklist
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Yaava Swargadinda
| lyrics1 = Nischal Dambekodi,
| extra1 = [[Benny Dayal]], Ramya Bhat
| length1 = 2:49
| title2 = Yes! it's you
| lyrics2 = Lavitha Dobo
| extra2 = Benny Dayal
| length2 = 2:35
| title3 = One Cut Two Cut (Title song)
| lyrics3 = MoMo Media
| extra3 =
| length3 = 1:50
| title4 = One Cut Two Cut(SAV)
| lyrics4 =
| extra4 = Nakul Abhyankar, Vamsidhar Bhogaraju
| length4 = 2:39
| title5 = Gilli Gilli
| lyrics5 = Nakul Abhyankar
| extra5 = Nakul Abhyankar
| length5 = 1:58
| total_length =
}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{IMDb title|17520606}}

{{PRK Productions}}

[[Category:Indian comedy-drama films]]
[[Category:Amazon Prime Video original films]]
[[Category:2022 Kannada-language films]]
[[Category:2022 Indian films]]

Ramaswamy Temple, Kumbakonam

2026-03-29T10:28:03Z

ElijahCombs83: cleaned up formatting to improve readability and improved wording as per guidelines

{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2017}}
{{Infobox Mandir
| name = Ramaswamy Temple
| image = Ramaswamy temple1.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Ramaswamy Temple, Kumbakonam
| country = [[India]]
| state = [[Tamil Nadu]]
| district = [[Tanjore]]
| location = [[Kumbakonam]]
| coordinates = {{coord|10.957208|79.373659|display=inline,title}}
| elevation_m =
| deity = [[Rama]] [[Sita]]
| festivals=
| architecture = [[Dravidian architecture]]
}}

'''Ramaswamy Temple''' is a [[Hindu temple]] dedicated to [[Rama]], an incarnation of [[Vishnu]] located in [[Kumbakonam]], [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]]. It is one of the prominent temples in the town and also one of the most prominent temples dedicated to Rama in India. This temple is also counted as a temple located on the banks of river [[Kaveri]].

The temple was built during the period of [[Thanjavur Nayaks]] king [[Achuthappa Nayak]] (1560–1614) and completed during the reign of [[Raghunatha Nayak]] (1600–34). The temple is enshrined within a huge granite wall and the complex contains all the shrines and the water bodies of the temple. The ''[[gopuram|rajagopuram]]'' (the main gateway) has five tiers. There are exquisite sculptures on the pillars of the temple depicting various Hindu legends. [[Ramayanam]] is depicted in pictorial format in three segments in the first precinct.

The temple has six daily rituals at various times from 6:30 a.m. to 9 p.m., and twelve yearly festivals on its calendar. The major festival in the temple is [[Rama Navami]] during the [[Tamil calendar|Tamil month]] of Panguni (March–April).

==History==
The temple has beautiful architecture pieces and has been built by the [[Thanjavur Nayak kingdom|Thanjavur Nayak]] kings during the 16th century. [[Govinda Dikshitar]], the prime minister of the Nayaks, constructed the temple. He added a commercial corridor between his new temple and the older Chakrapani temple.<ref>''Diaspora of the gods: modern Hindu temples in an urban middle-class world''.Joanne Punzo Waghorne</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Hindu Pilgrimage Centres|last=Harshananda|first=Swami|ref=Harsha|edition=second|publisher=Ramakrishna Math|location=Bangalore|year=2012|isbn=978-81-7907-053-6|page=78}}</ref> As per legend, the idols in the temple were found in a temple tank in the near by village [[Darasuram]].<ref name=Rao>{{cite book|title=Temples of Tamil Nadu|publisher=Vasan Publications|last=Rao|first=A.V. Shankara Narayana|isbn=9788184681123|year=2012|pages=71–4}}</ref> On 9 September 2015, Ramaswamy temple's consecration ([[Kumbhabhishekham|Maha kumbabhisekam]]) took place.<ref>[http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/kumbabishekam-performed/article7635135.ece Kumbabishekam performed, The Hindu, 10 September 2015]</ref> The temple was built during the reign of [[Thanjavur Nayaks]] king [[Achuthappa Nayak]] (1560–1614) and completed during the reign of [[Raghunatha Nayak]] (1600–34). There are later contributions from [[Thanjavur Maratha kingdom]].<ref name=Rao/>

==Architecture==
[[File:Ramaswami temple Seshavahanam.jpg|200x200px|Sesha Vahanam of the temple|left|thumb]]
The temple is one of the prominent Vishnu temples in [[Kumbakonam]].<ref name=Diwakar>{{cite book|title=Temples of South India|first=Macherla|last=Diwakar|location=Chennai|year=2011|edition=1st|page=138|isbn=978-93-83440-34-4|publisher=Techno Book House}}</ref> The temple has a 3-tiered gateway tower ([[gopuram]]) surrounded by walls. The central shrine houses the image of Rama in a seated posture with his consort Sita. The other images are of his brothers Lakshmana, Bharatha and Chatruguna in standing posture and Hanuman in worship posture. The sixty four pillars in the hall near the gopuram are sculpted with exquisite finesse depicting various episodes of the epic ''[[Ramayana]]''.<ref name=Meena>{{cite book|title=Temples in South India|last=V.|first=Meena|publisher=Harikumar Arts|location=Kanniyakumari|year=1974|edition=1st|page=25}}</ref> Each pillar is carved out of a single stone and the delicacy is very prominent.<ref name="illustrated">{{cite book | title=Illustrated Guide to the South Indian Railway (Incorporated in England): Including the Tanjore District Board, Pondicherry, Peralam-Karaikkal, Travancore State, Cochin State, Coimbatore District Board, Tinnevelly-Tiruchendur, and the Nilgiri Railways|pages=57–58| year=1926| publisher=South Indian Railway Company| location=Madras|isbn=9788120618893|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SzWvq8EYBwUC&q=sarangapani+temple&pg=PP19}}</ref> Rama in the temple is depicted with ''Vyakarna Mudra'', while Hanuman is depicted holding manuscripts. The other important aspects of the epic like coronation of Vibishana, coronation of [[Sugriva]], relieving [[Agalya]] from her curse and Hanuman playing [[veena]]. The temple is atypical of the Nayak style of temples.<ref name="epic">{{cite book|title=Indian Epic Values: Rāmāyaṇa and Its Impact : Proceedings of the 8th International Rāmāyaạ Conference |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=EVnK3q48dL0C&q=veeraraghava+perumal+temple&pg=PA86 |publisher= Peeters Publishers |year=1995 |last1=K.V. |first1=Raman |last2=T. |first2=Padmaja |isbn= 978-906831701-5 |ref=K.V. |pages=85–87}}</ref>

On the walls of the ''[[prakaram]]'' (closed precincts of a temple), [[Ramayanam]] is depicted in pictorial format in three segments. One can read through Ramayana pictorially whilst taking three ''pradakshinams'' (rounds) of the sanctum.<ref name="illustrated"/> The paintings are believed to have emerged from the Thanjavur Nayak period and were subsequently enhanced during the [[Thanjavur Maratha kingdom]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Tanjavur Painting of the Maratha Period, Volume 1|first=Jaya|last=Appasamy|year=1980|isbn=9788170171270|page=111|publisher=Abhinav Publications}}</ref> The paintings of ''[[Ramayana]]'' are considered one of the major depictions of the epic in art form in India.<ref>{{cite book|title=Sri Ramayana Darshanam & BharatMata Sadanam: A Pictorial Presentation of a Permanent Exhibition at Vivekananda Kendra, Vivekanandapuram, Kanyakumari (IN)|page=192|isbn=|last=P.|first=Parameswaran|publisher=Vivekananda Kendra|year=2017}}</ref><ref name=Ram>{{cite book|title=Hindu Pilgrim centres|last=Harshananda|first=Swami|isbn=978-81-7907-053-6|year=2012|publisher=Ramakrishna Math|location=Bangalore, India|edition=2nd|pages=78}}</ref>

==Religious importance, worship and festivals==
[[File:Ramaswamy temple.jpg|200x200px|thumb|right|Image of the Vimana]]
The temple is counted as one of the temples built on the banks of [[River Kaveri]].<ref name=Ka>{{cite book|title=River cauvery the most battl(r)ed|last=Ka. Vi.|first=Kannan|page=34|publisher=Notion Press|year=2019|isbn=9781684666041|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4CGFDwAAQBAJ&q=thiruvavaduthurai}}</ref> Five temples of Vishnu are connected with the [[Mahamaham]] festival which happens once every 12 years in Kumbakonam.<ref name="hrace">Mahamaham Festival 2004 (in [[Tamil language|Tamil]]), Hindu Religious and Charitable Endowments Administration Department, Government of Tamil Nadu, 2004</ref> These five temples together make one of the 108 Vishnu temples, [[Divya Desam]]. They are [[Sarangapani Temple]], [[Chakrapani Temple, Kumbakonam|Chakrapani Temple]], Ramaswamy Temple, [[Rajagopalaswamy Temple, Kumbakonam|Rajagopalaswamy Temple]], and [[Varahaperumal Temple, Kumbakonam|Varahaperumal Temple]].

The temple follows ''[[Pancharatra]] Agama'' and [[Vadakalai]] tradition. The temple priests perform the ''[[puja (Hinduism)|puja]]'' (rituals) during festivals and on a daily basis. Like other Vishnu temples of Tamil Nadu, the priests belong to the [[Brahmin]] [[Vaishnavism|Vaishnavite]] sect, which is dedicated to Vishnu. The temple rituals are performed six times a day; ''Tiruvanandal'' at 8:00 a.m., ''Kala santhi'' at 9:00 a.m., ''Uchikalam'' at 12:30 p.m., ''Ntiyanusandhanam'' at 6:00 p.m., ''Irandamkalam'' at 7:30 p.m. and ''Ardha Jamam'' at 9:00 p.m. Each ritual comprises three steps: ''alangaram'' (decoration), ''[[Naivedhya|neivethanam]]'' (food offering) and ''[[aarti|deepa aradanai]]'' (waving of lamps) for both Sarangapani and Thayar. The food offering during the six times are curd rice, ''[[Pongal (dish)|Ven pongal]]'', spiced rice, [[Dosa (food)|dosa]], ''Ven pongal'' and sugar pongal respectively. The worship is held amidst music with ''[[nagaswaram]]'' (pipe instrument) and ''[[tavil]]'' (percussion instrument), religious instructions in the [[Vedas]] (sacred text) read by priests and prostration by worshippers in front of the temple mast. There are weekly, fortnightly and monthly rituals. The major festival in the temple is [[Rama Navami]] during the [[Tamil calendar|Tamil month]] of Panguni (March–April).<ref name="dinamalar">{{cite web|title=Sri Ramaswamy temple|url=https://temple.dinamalar.com/en/new_en.php?id=651|publisher=Dinamalar|access-date=13 June 2020}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist|20em}}

==External links==
{{commons category|Ramaswamy Temple, Kumbakonam}}
{{Famous Vishnu temples}}
{{Hindu temples in Thanjavur District}}

[[Category:Hindu temples in Kumbakonam]]
[[Category:Rama temples in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Hindu temples in Thanjavur district]]
[[Category:Abhimana temples of Vishnu ]]

Proposed states and union territories of India

2026-03-26T01:04:48Z

ElijahCombs83: improved section additionally and added references

{{pp-semi-indef|small=yes}}
{{Short description|None}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}}
[[File:Proposed states and union territories of India.svg|thumb|upright=1.5|Aspirant [[states and union territories of India]]]]

The constitutional power to create new states and union territories in India is solely reserved with the [[Parliament of India]], which can do so by announcing new states/union territories, separating territory from an existing state or merging two or more states/union territories or parts of them.<ref>{{cite report|url=http://india.gov.in/sites/upload_files/npi/files/coi_part_full.pdf|title=Articles 2 and 3 of the Constitution of India|publisher=[[Government of India]]|access-date=23 May 2013|archive-date=24 January 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130124033538/http://india.gov.in/sites/upload_files/npi/files/coi_part_full.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> {{As of|October 2025}}, there are 28 [[States and union territories of India|states]] and eight [[union territory|union territories]] in India.<ref>{{cite report|url=http://india.gov.in/sites/upload_files/npi/files/coi-eng-schedules_1-12.pdf|title=First Schedule of the Constitution of India|publisher=Government of India|access-date=23 May 2013|archive-date=31 May 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130531072437/http://india.gov.in/sites/upload_files/npi/files/coi-eng-schedules_1-12.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>

There have been demands to create several new states and union territories.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/north/story/india-50-states-demands-of-new-states-conceded-172769-2013-08-03|title=India likely to have 50 states if all demands of new states conceded|date=4 August 2013|access-date=1 December 2023|work=[[India Today]]|archive-date=9 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230109072412/https://www.indiatoday.in/india/north/story/india-50-states-demands-of-new-states-conceded-172769-2013-08-03|url-status=live}}</ref> However, [[Separatist movements of India|demanding a separate state]] from the administration of [[Political integration of India|Indian union]] is punishable under secession law in India.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/new-bill-to-replace-ipc-throws-out-sedition-law-to-punish-separatism-and-secession-2644765|title=New Bill to replace IPC throws out sedition law; to punish separatism and secession|date=29 August 2023|newspaper=[[Deccan Herald]]|access-date=1 December 2023|archive-date=28 January 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240128090950/https://www.deccanherald.com/india/new-bill-to-replace-ipc-throws-out-sedition-law-to-punish-separatism-and-secession-2644765|url-status=live}}</ref>

== History ==

=== 1947–56 ===
[[File:1950 India showing Political Divisions in the New Republic by Survey of India.jpg|thumb|Administrative divisions of India in 1950]]
Before [[Independence Day (India)|independence]], India was divided into [[British Raj|British-administered provinces]] and nominally autonomous [[princely states]], governed by the British administration. After [[Indian Independence Act 1947|Indian Independence]] in 1947, the provinces became part of the [[Political integration of India|Indian Union]] and the princely states who [[Instrument of Accession|acceded]] were absorbed into the Union.<ref>{{cite book|last=Menon|first=V. P.|title=The Story of the Integration of the Indian States|publisher=Macmillan|place=New York|year=1956}}</ref> In 1950, after the adoption of the [[Constitution of India]], these became part of the [[Republic of India]] with the constitution classifying the states into four categories.<ref>{{cite report|title=Constitution of India|chapter=Article 1|url=https://www.mea.gov.in/Images/pdf1/Part1.pdf|publisher=[[Government of India]]|access-date=31 December 2023|archive-date=29 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231229233920/https://www.mea.gov.in/Images/pdf1/Part1.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>

{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:left; font-size: 90%"
|+Administrative divisions of India (1950)
!{{nowrap|Part A}}
|[[Assam]], [[Bihar]], [[Bombay State|Bombay]], [[East Punjab]], [[Madhya Pradesh]], [[Madras State|Madras]], [[Odisha|Orissa]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[West Bengal]]
|-
!Part B
|[[Hyderabad State (1948–56)|Hyderabad]], [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]], [[Madhya Bharat]], [[Mysore State|Mysore]], [[Patiala and East Punjab States Union]], [[Rajasthan]], [[Saurashtra (state)|Saurashtra]], [[Travancore–Cochin]], [[Vindhya Pradesh]]
|-
!Part C
|[[Ajmer State|Ajmer]], [[Bhopal State (1949–56)|Bhopal]], [[Bilaspur State (1950–54)|Bilaspur]], [[Coorg State|Coorg]], [[Delhi]], [[Himachal Pradesh]], [[Kutch State|Kutch]], [[Manipur]], [[Tripura]], [[Vindhya Pradesh]]
|-
!Part D
|[[Andaman and Nicobar Islands]]
|}

During the 1950–1956 period, small changes were made to state boundaries with Bilaspur merging with Himachal Pradesh on 1 July 1954 and [[Chandernagore]], a former [[enclave]] of [[French India]] incorporated into [[West Bengal]] in 1955.<ref name="State">{{cite report|url=https://loksabhadocs.nic.in/Refinput/Research_notes/English/Re_org_English.pdf|title=States Reorganisation|publisher=[[Parliament of India]]|access-date=1 December 2023|archive-date=27 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231227025845/https://loksabhadocs.nic.in/Refinput/Research_notes/English/Re_org_English.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> In 1953, [[Andhra state]] was split from [[Madras state]], following the death of [[Potti Sriramulu]] and the subsequent riots, demanding a separate state for the [[Telugu people|Telugus]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://frontline.thehindu.com/the-nation/india-at-75-epochal-moments-1953-andhra-state-created-potti-sreeramulu/article65723242.ece|title=1953: Andhra State created|date=11 August 2022|access-date=1 December 2023|work=Front line|archive-date=28 January 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240128090951/https://frontline.thehindu.com/the-nation/india-at-75-epochal-moments-1953-andhra-state-created-potti-sreeramulu/article65723242.ece|url-status=live}}</ref> In 1954, [[French India|French]] enclaves of [[Pondicherry district|Pondichéry]], [[Karaikal district|Karikal]], [[Yanam district|Yanaon]] and [[Mahé district|Mahé]] were transferred to India.<ref name="State"/> In 1956, the [[States Reorganisation Act, 1956|States Reorganisation Act]] was passed, which re-organized the country into 14 [[States of India|states]] of [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[Assam]], [[Bihar]], [[Bombay State|Bombay]], [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]], [[Kerala]], [[Madhya Pradesh]], [[Madras State|Madras]], [[Mysore State|Mysore]], [[Orissa, India|Orissa]], [[East Punjab|Punjab]], [[Rajasthan]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[West Bengal]] and six [[Union territory|union territories]] of [[Andaman and Nicobar Islands]], [[Delhi]], [[Manipur]], [[Tripura]], [[Himachal Pradesh]], [[Lakshadweep|Laccadive, Minicoy & Amindivi Islands]].<ref>{{cite report|url=https://thc.nic.in/Central%20Governmental%20Acts/States%20Re-Organisation%20Act,%201956.pdf|title=States Reorganisation Act, 1956|publisher=High Court of Tripura|access-date=16 September 2023|archive-date=29 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230929014519/https://thc.nic.in/Central%20Governmental%20Acts/States%20Re-Organisation%20Act,%201956.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== 1957–99 ===
Bombay state was split into [[Gujarat]] and [[Maharashtra]] on 1 May 1960 by the Bombay Reorganisation Act.<ref>{{cite book|author=J.C. Aggarwal, S.P. Agrawal|title=Uttarakhand: Past, Present, and Future|publisher=Concept Publishing|place=New DElhi|year=1995|pages=89–90}}</ref> [[Goa, Daman and Diu]] was established as a union territory, following the [[liberation of Goa]] from [[Portuguese India|Portuguese]] in 1961.<ref name="State"/> In 1961, during [[Bengali Language Movement (Barak Valley)|Bengali Language Movement]], protests erupted demanding a separate [[Barak state movement|Barak state]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/wont-oppose-barak-valley-s-separation-from-assam-if-people-want-so-sarma-101694146590148.html|title=Won't oppose Barak Valley's separation from Assam if people want so: Sarma|date=8 September 2023|access-date=1 December 2023|newspaper=[[Hindustan Times]]|archive-date=5 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231205185717/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/wont-oppose-barak-valley-s-separation-from-assam-if-people-want-so-sarma-101694146590148.html|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Puducherry (union territory)|Pondicherry]] was established as a union territory.<ref name="State"/>
In 1963, [[Naga people]] of undivided Assam's [[Naga hills]] demanded for a separate [[Nagaland]] state, resulting in clashes with the statehood granted on 1 December 1963.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://india.gov.in/knowindia/st_nagaland.php|title=Nagaland History & Geography-Source|publisher=india.gov.in|access-date=17 June 2013|archive-date=7 July 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110707032303/http://india.gov.in/knowindia/st_nagaland.php|url-status=live}}</ref> In 1966, protests erupted demanding a separate Mizo state which resulted in the bombing of [[Aizawl]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Buhril|first=David|title=50 years ago today, Indira Gandhi got the Indian Air Force to bomb its own people|url=http://scroll.in/article/804555/50-years-ago-today-indira-gandhi-got-the-indian-air-force-to-bomb-its-own-people|access-date=1 February 2023|work=Scroll|date=5 March 2016|language=en-US|archive-date=27 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240527080040/http://scroll.in/article/804555/50-years-ago-today-indira-gandhi-got-the-indian-air-force-to-bomb-its-own-people|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/opinion/et-commentary/air-attacks-in-mizoram-1966-our-dirty-little-secret/articleshow/18565883.cms|title=Air attacks in Mizoram, 1966 - our dirty, little secret|newspaper=[[The Economic Times]]|date=19 February 2013|access-date=1 December 2023|archive-date=13 October 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231013024411/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/opinion/et-commentary/air-attacks-in-mizoram-1966-our-dirty-little-secret/articleshow/18565883.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> The [[Punjabi Suba movement]], which sought a separate Punjabi-speaking state, resulted in the [[Punjab Reorganisation Act, 1966|Punjab Reorganisation Act of 1966]], which created the state of [[Haryana]] and the union territory of [[Chandigarh]] with the transfer of the northern districts of Punjab to Himachal Pradesh.<ref>{{cite report|url=http://hpplanning.nic.in/mid%20term%20review%2010th%20five%20year%20plan.pdf|title=Himachal Pradesh Tenth Five Year Plan|access-date=17 June 2013|archive-date=13 May 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140513070857/http://hpplanning.nic.in/mid%20term%20review%2010th%20five%20year%20plan.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://india.gov.in/allimpfrms/allacts/474.pdf|title=The Punjab Reorganisation Act 1966|publisher=india.gov.in|access-date=17 June 2013|archive-date=19 January 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120119110225/http://india.gov.in/allimpfrms/allacts/474.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://frontline.thehindu.com/other/advertorial/article30189846.ece|title=Great past|date=11 January 2007|access-date=1 December 2023|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|archive-date=25 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230325064147/https://frontline.thehindu.com/other/advertorial/article30189846.ece|url-status=live}}</ref>

Madras state was renamed as [[Tamil Nadu]] in 1969.<ref>{{cite news|date=6 July 2023|title=Tracing the demand to rename Madras State as Tamil Nadu|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/tracing-the-demand-to-rename-madras-state-as-tamil-nadu/article66347708.ece|access-date=1 December 2023|archive-date=28 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231228032145/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/tracing-the-demand-to-rename-madras-state-as-tamil-nadu/article66347708.ece|url-status=live}}</ref> Himachal Pradesh was elevated to statehood in 1970.<ref name="State"/> The north-eastern states of Manipur, [[Meghalaya]] and [[Tripura]] were established in January 1972.<ref name="NE">{{cite web|url=https://indianculture.gov.in/north-east-archive/history-north-east|title=History of North Eastern States|publisher=[[Government of India]]|access-date=1 December 2023|archive-date=29 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231129092416/https://indianculture.gov.in/north-east-archive/history-north-east|url-status=live}}</ref> Mysore State was renamed [[Karnataka]] in 1973. The Kingdom of [[Sikkim]] joined the Indian Union as a state on 26 April 1975.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2gTiO-4rP3sC&pg=PA13|title=Land and People of Indian States and Union Territories: In 36 Volumes. Sikkim|first=S. C.|last=Bhatt|date=1 January 2005|publisher=Gyan Publishing House|isbn=978-8-178-35380-7|access-date=3 September 2016|archive-date=27 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240527080025/https://books.google.com/books?id=2gTiO-4rP3sC&pg=PA13#v=onepage&q&f=false|url-status=live}}</ref> In February 1987, [[Arunachal Pradesh]] and [[Mizoram]] were established as new states.<ref name="NE"/> In May 1987, [[Goa]] achieved statehood with the northern [[exclave]]s of [[Daman and Diu]] becoming a separate union territory.<ref name="State"/> The [[Gorkhaland movement]] during 1986–88, demanding a separate state resulted in violtent clashes, encounters and arrests.<ref>{{cite news|last=Daniyal|first=Shoaib|title=Darjeeling 2017 is eerily similar to Subhash Ghising's violent Gorkhaland movement in 1986|url=https://scroll.in/article/844660/darjeeling-2017-is-eerily-similar-to-subhash-ghisings-violent-gorkhaland-movement-in-1986|access-date=1 July 2023|work=Scroll|archive-date=25 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230725161610/https://scroll.in/article/844660/darjeeling-2017-is-eerily-similar-to-subhash-ghisings-violent-gorkhaland-movement-in-1986|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== 2000–present ===
In 2000, three new states were created: [[Chhattisgarh]] from Madhya Pradesh, [[Uttarakhand|Uttaranchal]] from [[Uttar Pradesh]] and [[Jharkhand]] from Bihar.<ref name="State"/> In 2006, Pondicherry was renamed as Puducherry and Uttaranchal became Uttarakhand followed by Orissa being renamed as Odisha in 2011.<ref name="State"/> There have been other movements such as the [[Bodoland]] and [[Karbi Anglong Autonomous Council|Karbiland]] in Assam which have resulted in violence.<ref>{{cite news|date=10 September 2019|title=5,000 Died, 20,000 Jailed, But Bodos Have Received Nothing: Pramod Boro|url=https://www.indiatodayne.in/assam/story/5000-died-20000-jailed-bodos-have-received-nothing-pramod-boro-397462-2019-09-10|access-date=1 February 2023|work=India Today NE|archive-date=14 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230114181934/https://www.indiatodayne.in/assam/story/5000-died-20000-jailed-bodos-have-received-nothing-pramod-boro-397462-2019-09-10|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=3 August 2013|title=Statehood demand: Fresh violence rocks Assam's Karbi Anglong district|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/latest-news/statehood-demand-fresh-violence-rocks-assams-karbi-anglong-district/|access-date=1 July 2023|newspaper=[[The Indian Express]]|archive-date=4 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230604233645/https://indianexpress.com/article/india/latest-news/statehood-demand-fresh-violence-rocks-assams-karbi-anglong-district/|url-status=live}}</ref> In June 2014, [[Telangana]] was separated from Andhra Pradesh as the 29th state of the union, following the [[Telangana movement]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Telangana bill passed by upper house|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/telangana-bill-in-rajya-sabha/liveblog/30712218.cms|access-date=20 February 2014|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|date=20 February 2014|archive-date=15 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220415053022/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/telangana-bill-in-rajya-sabha/liveblog/30712218.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> On 31 October 2019, the state of [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]] was split into two new union territories of [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]] and [[Ladakh]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/resources/article28823852.ece/Binary/FullTextofJ%26KReorganisationBill.pdf|title=Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation Bill (No. XXIX of) 2019|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=5 August 2019|access-date=22 August 2019|archive-date=8 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308133456/https://www.thehindu.com/news/resources/article28823852.ece/Binary/FullTextofJ%26KReorganisationBill.pdf|url-status=live }}</ref> On 26 January 2020, the [[Daman and Diu|Union Territory of Daman and Diu]] and the [[Dadra and Nagar Haveli|Union Territory of Dadra and Nagar Haveli]] were merged into a single union territory of [[Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu|Union Territory of Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://theprint.in/india/there-will-be-one-ut-less-as-modi-govt-plans-to-merge-dadra-nagar-haveli-and-daman-diu/261056/|title=There will be one UT less as Modi govt plans to merge Dadra & Nagar Haveli and Daman & Diu|date=10 July 2019|work=The Print|access-date=22 August 2019|archive-date=23 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211123171337/https://theprint.in/india/there-will-be-one-ut-less-as-modi-govt-plans-to-merge-dadra-nagar-haveli-and-daman-diu/261056/|url-status=live }}</ref>

== Proposed states ==
There have been several demands in the past and the present for the creation of new states and union territories.<ref>{{cite news|title=India may have 50 states if all demands are conceded|url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/india-may-have-50-states-if-all-demands-are-conceded/article20645273.ece1|access-date=1 December 2023|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=4 August 2013|archive-date=27 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240527080025/https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/india-may-have-50-states-if-all-demands-are-conceded/article20645273.ece1|url-status=live}}</ref>

{|class="sortable wikitable" style="text-align:left;" style="font-size: 85%"
!Proposed
![[States and union territories of India|State/UT]]
![[Districts of India|District(s)]]
!Image
!Notes
|-
|[[Ahom kingdom|Ahomland]]
|[[Assam]]
|[[Biswanath district|Biswanath]], [[Darrang district|Darrang]], [[Lakhimpur district|Lakhimpur]], [[Sivasagar district|Sivasagar]], [[Sonitpur district|Sonitpur]], [[Udalguri district|Udalguri]]
|[[File:Proposed Ahomland Map.jpg|100px]]
|Various organizations in [[Upper Assam division|Upper Assam]] have been demanding a separate Ahomland state since 1967.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://thehillstimes.in/assam/taypa-demands-separate-ahom-land-st-status-for-community|title=Taypa demands separate Ahomland|date=19 July 2020|access-date=1 December 2023|newspaper=Hills Times|archive-date=29 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230929082607/https://thehillstimes.in/assam/taypa-demands-separate-ahom-land-st-status-for-community|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2023, TAI Ahom Yuba Parishad Assam (TAYPA) organized a protest at demanding a separate state.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.sentinelassam.com/guwahati-city/taypa-organized-protest-in-guwahati-demand-st-status-and-an-ahom-land-643890|title=TAYPA organize protests in Guwahati|date=4 April 2023|access-date=1 December 2023|newspaper=Sentinel Assam|archive-date=29 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230929061043/https://www.sentinelassam.com/guwahati-city/taypa-organized-protest-in-guwahati-demand-st-status-and-an-ahom-land-643890|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|[[Awadh]]
|[[Uttar Pradesh]]
|[[Ambedkar Nagar district|Ambedkar Nagar]], [[Bahraich district|Bahraich]], [[Balrampur district, Uttar Pradesh|Balrampur]], [[Barabanki district|Barabanki]], [[Basti district|Basti]], [[Siddharth Nagar district|Siddharth Nagar]], [[Ayodhya district|Ayodhya]], [[Gonda district|Gonda]], [[Lakhimpur Kheri district|Lakhimpur Kheri]], [[Sitapur district|Sitapur]], [[Hardoi district|Hardoi]], [[Lucknow district|Lucknow]], [[Pratapgarh district, Uttar Pradesh|Pratapgarh]], [[Raebareli district|Raebareli]], [[Amethi district|Amethi]], [[Shravasti district|Shravasti]], [[Jaunpur district|Jaunpur]], [[Mirzapur district|Mirzapur]], [[Bhadohi district|Bhadohi]], [[Sultanpur district|Sultanpur]], [[Unnao district|Unnao]], [[Fatehpur district|Fatehpur]], [[Kaushambi district|Kaushambi]], [[Prayagraj district|Prayagraj]], [[Kanpur Nagar district|Kanpur]], [[Kanpur Dehat district|Kanpur Dehat]], [[Etawah district|Etawah]], [[Auraiya district|Auraiya]], [[Kannauj district|Kannauj]]
|[[File:Up-subregions2.svg|100px]]
|The proposed state would consist of [[Awadhi language|Awadhi]]-speaking districts of central Uttar Pradesh, consisting of an area of {{cvt|75,000|km2|abbr=on}} and a population of 50 million.<ref name="UP">{{cite news|url=http://www.sunday-guardian.com/news/dividing-uttar-pradesh-will-be-good-for-growth-say-experts|title=Dividing Uttar Pradesh will be good for growth, say experts|work=Sunday Guardian|access-date=1 December 2023|date=3 September 2016|archive-date=4 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304060510/http://www.sunday-guardian.com/news/dividing-uttar-pradesh-will-be-good-for-growth-say-experts|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
|[[Bagelkhand]]
|[[Madhya Pradesh]], [[Uttar Pradesh]]
|[[Anuppur District|Anuppur]], [[Chitrakoot District|Chitrakoot]], [[Rewa District|Rewa]], [[Satna District|Satna]], [[Shahdol District|Shahdol]], [[Sidhi District|Sidhi]], [[Singrauli District|Singrauli]], [[Umaria District|Umaria]]
|[[File:India_Bagelkhand_locator_map.svg|100px]]
|Bagelkhand region was named after the [[Vaghela (Rajput clan)|Vaghela Rajput]] kings in the 14th century and was part of the [[Bagelkhand Agency]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Baghelkhand {{!}} historical region, India|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Baghelkhand|publisher=[[Britannica]]|access-date=30 April 2020|archive-date=15 July 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150715050242/https://www.britannica.com/place/Baghelkhand|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|[[Barak state movement|Barak State]]
|[[Assam]], [[Manipur]]
|[[Cachar district|Cachar]], [[Dima Hasao district|Dima Hasao]], [[Hailakandi district|Hailakandi]], [[Hojai district|Hojai]], [[Jiribam district|Jiribam]], [[Karimganj district|Karimganj]]
|[[File:Map of Barak Valley.jpg|100px]]
|The [[Bengali people]] of [[Assam]] have demanded a separate state for themselves in the [[Barak Valley]] and its neighbouring contiguous Bengali areas, with [[Silchar]] as the capital.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/assam-nrc-live-not-hindus-or-muslims-but-bengalis-being-targeted-says-mamata-1827521.html|title=Not Hindus or Muslims, But Bengalis Being Targeted, Says Mamata|date=30 July 2018|work=News18|access-date=1 December 2023|archive-date=12 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220712175627/https://www.news18.com/news/india/assam-nrc-live-not-hindus-or-muslims-but-bengalis-being-targeted-says-mamata-1827521.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/what-the-nrc-reveals-about-the-challenges-of-being-bengali-in-assam/story-WWTy7KEf4YQpTCZwoT9fEI.html|title=What the NRC reveals about the challenges of being Bengali in Assam|date=7 September 2018|newspaper=[[Hindustan Times]]|access-date=1 December 2023|archive-date=3 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220403221845/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/what-the-nrc-reveals-about-the-challenges-of-being-bengali-in-assam/story-WWTy7KEf4YQpTCZwoT9fEI.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|[[Bhil|Bhil Pradesh]]
|[[Chhattisgarh]], [[Gujarat]], [[Maharashtra]], [[Madhya Pradesh]], [[Rajasthan]]
|[[Dhar district|Dhar]], [[Jhabua district|Jhabua]], [[Khargone district|Khargone]], [[Ratlam district|Ratlam]] and parts of Chhattisgarh, Gujarat, Maharashtra and Rajasthan
|
|The [[Bhil people]] have demanded the establishment of a separate state of Bhil Pradesh with the districts consisting of majority [[Bhili language|Bhili]] speakers.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/why-are-tribals-of-rajasthan-and-gujarat-demanding-separate-state-of-bhil-pradesh-7936036|title=Explained: Why are tribals of Rajasthan and Gujarat demanding a separate state of Bhil Pradesh?|date=25 May 2022|newspaper=Indian Express|access-date=1 December 2023|archive-date=6 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230406073229/https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/why-are-tribals-of-rajasthan-and-gujarat-demanding-separate-state-of-bhil-pradesh-7936036/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=1 August 2013|title=Clamour for separate Saurashtra, Bhilistan to get louder|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/ahmedabad/report-clamour-for-separate-saurashtra-bhilistan-to-get-louder-1868566|access-date=3 September 2016|newspaper=[[Daily News and Analysis]]|archive-date=25 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150925070552/http://www.dnaindia.com/ahmedabad/report-clamour-for-separate-saurashtra-bhilistan-to-get-louder-1868566|url-status=live}}</ref> Political parties have raised the demand for separate state as recently as in 2023.<ref>{{cite news|title=Gujarat AAP MLA demands separate state of 'Bhil Pradesh' for tribals|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/gujarat-aap-mla-demands-separate-state-of-bhil-pradesh-for-tribals-2355816-2023-04-04|date=4 April 2023|access-date=6 April 2023|work=[[India Today]]|archive-date=6 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230406054212/https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/gujarat-aap-mla-demands-separate-state-of-bhil-pradesh-for-tribals-2355816-2023-04-04|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|[[Bhojpuri region|Bhojpur]]
|[[Bihar]], [[Uttar Pradesh]]
|[[Azamgarh district|Azamgarh]], [[Ballia district|Ballia]], [[Basti district|Basti]], [[Bhojpur district, India|Bhojpur]], [[Buxar district|Buxar]], [[Chandauli district|Chandauli]], [[Deoria district|Deoria]], [[Ghazipur district|Ghazipur]], [[Gopalganj district, India|Gopalganj]], [[Gorakhpur district|Gorakhpur]], [[Kaimur district|Kaimur]], [[Kushinagar district|Kushinagar]], [[Maharajganj district|Maharajganj]], [[Mau district|Mau]], [[Rohtas district|Rohtas]], [[Saran district|Saran]], [[Siwan district|Siwan]], [[Sant Kabir Nagar district|Sant Kabir Nagar]], [[Siddharthnagar district|Sidharthanagar]], [[Varanasi district|Varanasi]]
|[[File:Bhojpuri Region of Bihar & Utter Pradesh.png|100px]]
|There have been demands for a separate state, comprising the [[Bhojpuri language|Bhojpuri]]-speaking districts of western Bihar and eastern Uttar Pradesh.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-bhojpuri-speaking-people-demand-separate-state-1062441|title=Bhojpuri-speaking people demand separate state|newspaper=[[Daily News and Analysis]]|date=6 November 2006|access-date=3 September 2016|archive-date=24 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924225041/http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-bhojpuri-speaking-people-demand-separate-state-1062441|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=11 December 2013|first=H. K.|last=Verma|title=Demand to carve Bhojpuri state gains momentum|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/demand-to-carve-bhojpuri-state-gains-momentum/articleshow/27198708.cms|access-date=1 December 2023|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|archive-date=18 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230218125314/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/demand-to-carve-bhojpuri-state-gains-momentum/articleshow/27198708.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|[[Bodoland]]
|[[Assam]]
|[[Baksa district|Baksa]], [[Chirang district|Chirang]], [[Kokrajhar district|Kokrajhar]], [[Udalguri district|Udalguri]]
|[[File:Bodoland Territorial Area Districts.svg|100px]]
|There have been demands for a separate [[Bodoland Territorial Region]] for the [[Boro people|Bodo people]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Assam's new Militant outfit 'United Liberation of Bodoland', demanding separated Bodo State|work=Arunachal24|date=17 September 2021|url=https://arunachal24.in/assams-new-militant-outfit-united-liberation-of-bodoland-demanding-seperated-bodo-state/|access-date=26 July 2021|archive-date=18 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210918184551/https://arunachal24.in/assams-new-militant-outfit-united-liberation-of-bodoland-demanding-seperated-bodo-state/|url-status=live}}</ref> The agitations led to the creation of [[Bodoland Territorial Council]], an entity subordinate to the government of Assam, governing four districts covering 3,082 Bodo-majority villages.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/assam-accord-and-discord/article27747819.ece|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120905180331/http://hindu.com/2003/02/26/stories/2003022600041000.htm|url-status=live|archive-date=5 September 2012|title=Assam: accord and discord|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=26 February 2003|access-date=4 March 2012|last1=Hussain|first1=Wasbir}}</ref>
|-
|[[Braj|Braj Pradesh]]
|[[Uttar Pradesh]]
|[[Agra district|Agra]], [[Aligarh district|Aligarh]], [[Auraiya district|Auraiya]], [[Etawah district|Etawah]], [[Farrukhabad district|Farrukhabad]], [[Mathura district]]
|
|There is a demand for the creation of a separate state of Braj Pradesh, consisting of the historical [[Braj]] region with the speakers of [[Braj Bhasha]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/Demand-for-separate-Braj-Pradesh-gains-momentum/article16855342.ece|title=Demand for separate 'Braj Pradesh' gains momentum|date=26 December 2009|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=1 December 2023|archive-date=28 January 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240128104358/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/Demand-for-separate-Braj-Pradesh-gains-momentum/article16855342.ece|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|[[Bundelkhand]]
|[[Madhya Pradesh]], [[Uttar Pradesh]]
|[[Banda district, India|Banda]], [[Chhatarpur district|Chhatarpur]], [[Chitrakoot district|Chitrakoot]], [[Damoh district|Damoh]], [[Datia district|Datia]], [[Gwalior district|Gwalior]], [[Hamirpur district, Uttar Pradesh|Hamirpur]], [[Jhansi district|Jhansi]], [[Lalitpur district, India|Lalitpur]], [[Orai|Urai]], [[Jalaun district|Jalon]], [[Mahoba district|Mahoba]], [[Panna district|Panna]], [[Sagar district|Sagar]], [[Shivpuri district|Shivpuri]], [[Tikamgarh district|Tikamgarh]]
|[[File:India Bundelkhand locator map.svg|100px]]
|Since the early 1960s, there has been a movement for establishing a Bundelkhand state for promoting the development of the region in the central part of India, which being rich in minerals, is underdeveloped and underrepresented in politics.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://daily.bhaskar.com/news/MP-BHO-demand-for-seperate-bundelkhand-reignited-ahead-of-assembly-polls-4226793-NOR.html|title=Demand for separate Bundelkhand reignited ahead of assembly polls|date=7 November 2014|work=Daily Bhaskar|access-date=1 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141107023426/http://daily.bhaskar.com/news/MP-BHO-demand-for-seperate-bundelkhand-reignited-ahead-of-assembly-polls-4226793-NOR.html|archive-date=7 November 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/nod-for-telangana-fuels-the-demand-for-bundelkhand/article63277.ece|title=Nod for Telangana fuels the demand for Bundelkhand|date=10 December 2009|access-date=3 September 2016|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|last1=Khan|first1=Atiq|archive-date=27 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240527080040/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/Nod-for-Telangana-fuels-the-demand-for-Bundelkhand/article16852617.ece|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2011, the [[Government of Uttar Pradesh]] proposed the creation of Bundelkhand from seven districts of Uttar Pradesh, with [[Allahabad]] as the capital while organisations such as [[Bundelkhand Mukti Morcha]] demanded its formulation, along with the inclusion of six other districts from Madhya Pradesh.<ref>{{cite news|date=15 December 2009|title=Mayawati-kind-of-Bundelkhand not acceptable: Bundela|newspaper=[[Hindustan Times]]|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P3-1921363201.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150329163935/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P3-1921363201.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=29 March 2015|access-date=3 September 2016}}</ref> Various political parties have promised the creation of a separate state of Bundelkhand over the years.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/politics/uma-bharti-promises-separate-bundelkhand-to-voters-in-jhansi/|title=Uma Bharti promises separate Bundelkhand to voters in Jhansi|newspaper=[[Indian Express]]|date=10 April 2014|access-date=3 September 2016|archive-date=3 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160503055343/http://indianexpress.com/article/india/politics/uma-bharti-promises-separate-bundelkhand-to-voters-in-jhansi/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.news18.com/videos/uttar-pradesh/ls-polls-pradeep-jain-aditya-uma-bharti-promise-separate-bundelkhand-state-401373.html|title=LS polls: Pradeep Jain Aditya, Uma Bharti promise separate Bundelkhand state|date=10 April 2014|work=News18|access-date=3 September 2016|archive-date=18 May 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518194016/http://www.news18.com/videos/uttar-pradesh/ls-polls-pradeep-jain-aditya-uma-bharti-promise-separate-bundelkhand-state-401373.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|[[Chakma Autonomous District Council|Chakmaland]]
|[[Mizoram]]
|[[Chakma Autonomous District Council|Chakma]] district council of [[Lawngtlai district|Lawngtlai]], [[Tlabung]], [[Mamit, India|Mamit]]
|[[File:NE_Autonomous_divisions_of_India.svg|100px]]
|Chakmaland is a proposed union territory for the predominantly [[Buddhism|Buddhist]] [[Chakma people]] in western Mizoram. Chakmas have been demanding to convert the existing [[Chakma Autonomous District Council]] and areas of [[Tlabung]] in Mizoram into a union territory.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://arunachaltimes.in/index.php/2017/09/21/sc-verdict-on-chakmas-hajongs-could-prove-catastrophic-for-arunachal/|title=SC verdict on Chakmas, Hajongs could prove catastrophic for Arunachal|newspaper=Arunachal Times|author=Taba Ajum|date=21 September 2017|access-date=23 June 2021|archive-date=18 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210518090422/https://arunachaltimes.in/index.php/2017/09/21/sc-verdict-on-chakmas-hajongs-could-prove-catastrophic-for-arunachal/|url-status=live}}</ref> The Chakma people have faced discrimination by the predominantly [[Christian]] [[Mizo people]], which has led to claims for a separate region.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://arunachaltimes.in/index.php/2017/09/21/sc-verdict-on-chakmas-hajongs-could-prove-catastrophic-for-arunachal/|title=SC verdict on Chakmas, Hajongs could prove catastrophic for Arunachal|newspaper=Arunachal Times|author=Taba Ajum|date=21 September 2017|access-date=2 March 2021|archive-date=18 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210518090422/https://arunachaltimes.in/index.php/2017/09/21/sc-verdict-on-chakmas-hajongs-could-prove-catastrophic-for-arunachal/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|[[Delhi]]
|[[Delhi]]
|[[Central Delhi district|Central Delhi]], [[East Delhi district|East Delhi]], [[New Delhi district|New Delhi]], [[North Delhi district|North Delhi]], [[North East Delhi district|North East Delhi]], [[North West Delhi district|North West Delhi]], [[Shahdara district|Shahdara]], [[South Delhi district|South Delhi]], [[South East Delhi district|South East Delhi]], [[South West Delhi district|South West Delhi]], [[West Delhi district|West Delhi]]
|[[File:Delhi districts.png|100px]]
|The political administration of Delhi more closely resembles that of a state than a union territory, with its own [[Delhi Legislative Assembly|legislature]] headed by a [[Chief Minister of Delhi|Chief Minister]]. Delhi is jointly administered by the union government and the local government of Delhi. The government introduced a bill in Parliament in 2003 to grant full statehood, which was not passed. There have been renewed demands to grant statehood to Delhi.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/research/statehood-for-delhi-tracing-the-history-and-legal-journey-since-1911-8630171/|title=Statehood for Delhi: Tracing the history and legal journey since 1911|newspaper=[[Indian Express]]|date=3 August 2023|access-date=1 December 2023|archive-date=3 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231203052743/https://indianexpress.com/article/research/statehood-for-delhi-tracing-the-history-and-legal-journey-since-1911-8630171/|url-status=live}}</ref>
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|[[Dimaraji]]
|[[Assam]], [[Nagaland]]
|[[Cachar district|Cachar]], [[Dima Hasao district|Dima Hasao]], [[Dimapur District|Dimapur]], [[Hojai district|Hojai]], [[Karbi Anglong district|Karbi Anglong]], [[Nagaon district|Nagaon]]
|[[File:Dimaraji_map.jpeg|100px]]
|The [[Dimasa people]] of northeast India have been demanding a separate state called Dimaland.<ref>{{cite news|work=Sentinel Digital|date=5 October 2021|title=36-hour Dimaraji bandh called off|url=https://www.sentinelassam.com/north-east-india-news/assam-news/36-hour-dimaraji-bandh-called-off-557685|access-date=1 July 2021|archive-date=26 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211026035440/https://www.sentinelassam.com/north-east-india-news/assam-news/36-hour-dimaraji-bandh-called-off-557685|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|[[Frontier Nagaland]]
|[[Nagaland]]
|[[Kiphire district|Kiphire]], [[Longleng district|Longleng]], [[Mon district|Mon]], [[Noklak district|Noklak]], [[Shamator district|Shamtor]], [[Tuensang district|Tuensang]]
|
|Eastern Nagaland People's Organization (ENPO) has demanded a separate state for frontier districts of Nagaland, inhabited by the tribes of [[Konyak Naga|Konyak]], [[Khiamniungan people|Khiamniungan]], [[Chang Naga|Chang]], [[Sangtam Naga|Sangtam]], [[Tikhir Naga|Tikhir]], [[Phom Naga|Phom]] and [[Yimkhiung Naga|Yimkhiung]].<ref>{{cite news|date=18 December 2022|title=MHA team meets Naga body on demand for separate statehood|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/mha-team-meets-naga-body-on-demand-for-separate-statehood-101671387071448.html|access-date=21 December 2022|newspaper=[[Hindustan Times]]|archive-date=21 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221221104836/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/mha-team-meets-naga-body-on-demand-for-separate-statehood-101671387071448.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Zaman|first=Rokibuz|title=Why some Nagas want to partition their state to create a 'Frontier Nagaland'|url=https://scroll.in/article/1032655/why-some-nagas-want-to-partition-their-state-to-create-a-frontier-nagaland|access-date=21 December 2022|work=Scroll|date=16 September 2022|archive-date=21 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221221112016/https://scroll.in/article/1032655/why-some-nagas-want-to-partition-their-state-to-create-a-frontier-nagaland|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|[[Garoland]]
|[[Meghalaya]]
|[[East Garo Hills district|East Garo Hills]], [[North Garo Hills district|North Garo Hills]], [[South West Garo Hills district|South West Garo Hills]], [[South Garo Hills district|South Garo Hills]], [[West Garo Hills district|West Garo Hills]]
|[[File:NE Autonomous divisions of India.svg|100px]]
|[[Garo Hills Autonomous District Council]] (GHADC) is one of the three Autonomous councils within Meghalaya and the [[Garo National Council]] is a political party which has demanded a separate state for [[Garo people|Garo]].<ref>{{cite news|date=13 October 2021|title=Demand for bifurcating Meghalaya gets political push|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/demand-for-bifurcating-meghalaya-gets-political-push/article36979108.ece|access-date=26 October 2021|issn=0971-751X|archive-date=26 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211026035439/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/demand-for-bifurcating-meghalaya-gets-political-push/article36979108.ece|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|[[Gorkhaland Territorial Administration|Gorkhaland]]
|[[West Bengal]]
|[[Darjeeling district|Darjeeling]], [[Kalimpong district|Kalimpong]]
|[[File:Gorkhaland.jpg|100px]]
|[[Gorkhaland movement]] has demanded a separate state covering the areas inhabited by the [[Nepali language|Nepali]] speaking ethnic [[Indian Gorkha]] people in northern West Bengal.<ref>{{cite book|author=Sailen Debnath|title=The Dooars in Historical Transition|date=2010 |publisher=N.L. Publishers |isbn=978-8-186-86044-1}}</ref> The demand for a separate administrative region has existed since 1907, when the Hillmen's Association of Darjeeling submitted a memorandum to the [[Morley-Minto reforms]] committee.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.darjeelingtimes.com/opinions/political/1810-the-parliament-is-the-supreme-and-ultimate-authority-of-india.html|title=The Parliament is the supreme and ultimate authority of India|work=Darjeeling Times|date=23 November 2010|access-date=20 March 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131101132713/http://www.darjeelingtimes.com/opinions/political/1810-the-parliament-is-the-supreme-and-ultimate-authority-of-india.html|archive-date= 1 November 2013}}</ref> After Indian independence, [[Akhil Bharatiya Gorkha League]] (ABGL), a political party from the region demanded greater identity for the Gorkha ethnic group and economic freedom for the community. The movement for a separate state gained momentum during the 1980s, when a violent agitation was carried out by the [[Gorkha National Liberation Front]] (GNLF) led by [[Subhash Ghising]]. The agitation ultimately led to the establishment of a semi-autonomous body of [[Darjeeling Gorkha Hill Council]] (DGHC) in 1988.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/2007/11/16/stories/2007111662691500.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080118212646/http://www.hindu.com/2007/11/16/stories/2007111662691500.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=18 January 2008|title=Demand for Gorkhaland raised again|date=16 November 2007|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=20 March 2012}}</ref> In 2008, [[Gorkha Janmukti Morcha]] (GJM) raised the demand for a separate state again and in 2011, the GJM signed an agreement with the state and central governments for the formation of the [[Gorkhaland Territorial Administration]], a semi-autonomous body that replaced the DGHC in the Darjeeling hills.<ref>{{cite news|title=Bimal Gurung surprises supporters by eschewing Gorkhaland issue|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/bimal-gurung-surprises-supporters-by-eschewing-gorkhaland-issue/cid/1833842|access-date=26 October 2021|work=Telegraph|archive-date=26 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211026035440/https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/bimal-gurung-surprises-supporters-by-eschewing-gorkhaland-issue/cid/1833842|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thestatesman.net/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=375936&catid=35|location=Kolkata, India|work=The Statesman|title='Gorkhaland Territorial Administration' it is|date=8 July 2011|access-date=17 July 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130524182117/http://www.thestatesman.net/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=375936&catid=35|archive-date=24 May 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> On 28 March 2022, GJM permanently dropped its Gorkhaland statehood demand, instead seeking political solution within West Bengal.<ref>{{cite news|date=28 March 2022|title=GJM drops Gorkhaland demand, seeks political solution within Bengal|url=https://theprint.in/india/gjm-drops-gorkhaland-demand-seeks-political-solution-within-bengal/892303/|access-date=28 March 2022|archive-date=18 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230218125306/https://theprint.in/india/gjm-drops-gorkhaland-demand-seeks-political-solution-within-bengal/892303/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|[[Gondwana (India)|Gondwana]]
|[[Chhattisgarh]], [[Madhya Pradesh]]
|[[Balaghat district|Balaghat]], [[Chhindwara district|Chinndwara]], [[Dindori district|Dindori]], [[Mandla district|Mandla]], [[Seoni district|Seoni]]
|[[File:Gondi language map.svg|100px]]
|A demand for a state of Gondwana exists from the [[Mahakoshal]] region of Chhattisgarh and Madhya Pradesh with a [[Gondi people|Gondi]] majority.<ref>{{cite news|title=Why demand for Gondwana state continues to be scuttled|url=https://www.downtoearth.org.in/news/why-demand-for-gondwana-state-continues-to-be-scuttled-46694|access-date=1 July 2021|work=Down to Earth|archive-date=29 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210429010824/https://www.downtoearth.org.in/news/why-demand-for-gondwana-state-continues-to-be-scuttled-46694|url-status=live}}</ref> The Gondwana Gantantra party (GGP) was established in 1991, with the objective to struggle for the creation of a separate Gondwana State comprising regions that were ruled by Gondis.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://freepressjournal.in/mahakaushal-no-cakewalk-for-either-contender/|title=Mahakaushal: No cakewalk for either contender | Freepress Journal|access-date=6 November 2014|archive-date=1 April 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160401221918/http://www.freepressjournal.in/mahakaushal-no-cakewalk-for-either-contender|url-status=dead|work=Free Press Journal}}</ref>
|-
|[[Greater Punjab Movement, India|Greater Punjab]]
|[[Chandigarh]], [[Haryana]], [[Himachal Pradesh]], [[Punjab, India|Punjab]], [[Rajasthan]]
|[[Ambala district|Ambala]], [[Chandigarh]], [[Fatehabad district|Fatehabad]], [[Hanumangarh district| Hanumangarh]], [[Kangra district|Kangra]], [[Karnal district|Karnal]], [[Kurukshetra district|Kurukshetra]], [[Sirsa district|Sirsa]], [[Solan district|Solan]], [[Sri Ganganagar district|Sri Ganganagar]], [[Una district|Una]] and all [[List of districts of Punjab, India|districts]] of Punjab
|[[File:Punjabi_in_india.png|100px]]
|There have been demands raised by [[Akali Dal]] to merge the neighbouring [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]-speaking areas of Himachal Pradesh, Haryana and Rajasthan to Punjab.<ref>{{cite news|title=Sukhbir Badal seeks transfer of Chandigarh, Punjabi speaking areas to Punjab|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/sukhbir-badal-seeks-transfer-chandigarh-punjabi-speaking-areas-to-punjab-1893496-2021-12-29|date=29 December 2021|access-date=31 March 2023|work=[[India Today]]|archive-date=30 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230330182344/https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/sukhbir-badal-seeks-transfer-chandigarh-punjabi-speaking-areas-to-punjab-1893496-2021-12-29|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=29 December 2021|title=PM should transfer Chandigarh, Punjabi speaking areas to state: SAD president Sukhbir Badal|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/chandigarh-news/pm-should-transfer-chandigarh-punjabi-speaking-areas-to-state-sad-president-sukhbir-badal-101640722442662.html|access-date=2 April 2023|newspaper=[[Hindustan Times]]|archive-date=1 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230401141231/https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/chandigarh-news/pm-should-transfer-chandigarh-punjabi-speaking-areas-to-state-sad-president-sukhbir-badal-101640722442662.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|[[Harit Pradesh]]
|[[Uttar Pradesh]]
|[[Agra district|Agra]], [[Aligarh district|Aligarh]], [[Auraiya district|Auraiya]], [[Bareilly district|Bareilly]], [[Etawah district|Etawah]], [[Farrukhabad district|Farrukhabad]], [[Meerut district|Meerut]], [[Moradabad district|Moradabad]], [[Saharanpur district|Saharanpur]]
|[[File:Up-subregions2.svg|100px]]
|Harit Pradesh is a proposed state from six divisions of Uttar Pradesh with [[Meerut]] as the capital with various political parties having supported the same.<ref>{{cite news|date=2 October 2023|title=Minister calls for western Uttar Pradesh to be separate state; Meerut its capital|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/minister-calls-for-western-uttar-pradesh-to-be-separate-state-meerut-its-capital-101696209289491.html|access-date=3 October 2023|newspaper=[[Hindustan Times]]|archive-date=3 October 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231003024248/https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/minister-calls-for-western-uttar-pradesh-to-be-separate-state-meerut-its-capital-101696209289491.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|[[Jammu division|Jammu]]
|[[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]]
|[[Jammu district|Jammu]], [[Doda district|Doda]], [[Kathua district|Kathua]], [[Kishtwar district|Kishtwar]], [[Poonch district, India|Poonch]], [[Rajouri district|Rajouri]], [[Ramban district|Ramban]], [[Reasi district|Reasi]], [[Samba district|Samba]], [[Udhampur district|Udhampur]]
|[[File:Jammu and kashmir.jpg|100px]]
|There have been claims to split the existing union territory into two. In 2020, [[IkkJutt Jammu]] was launched and demanded that the [[Jammu Division]] should be separated and given statehood.<ref name="JK">{{cite news|title=Ikkjutt Jammu floats political party, vows to fight for 'statehood for Jammu'|newspaper=[[The Economic Times]]|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/ikkjutt-jammu-floats-political-party-vows-to-fight-for-statehood-for-jammu/articleshow/79213223.cms|access-date=1 December 2023|date=23 November 2020|archive-date=23 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230223112941/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/ikkjutt-jammu-floats-political-party-vows-to-fight-for-statehood-for-jammu/articleshow/79213223.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>

|-
|[[Jungle Mahals|Jungle Mahal]]
|[[West Bengal]]
|[[Bankura district|Bankura]], [[Birbhum district|Birbhum]], [[Jhargram district|Jhargram]], [[Paschim Medinipur district|Paschim Medinipur]], [[Purba Medinipur district|Purbo Medinipur]], [[Purulia district|Purulia]]
|[[File:Medinipur division map.svg|100px]]
|In 2021, there were calls from a [[Member of Parliament]] of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP) for the creation of a Junglemahal state from West Bengal, claiming underdevelopment and that the demands of employment and development for locals could only be met if it gets statehood.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2021/Jun/21/bengal-bjp-mp-seeks-separate-junglemahal-state-party-distances-itself-from-demand-2319495.html|title=Bengal BJP MP seeks separate Junglemahal state, party distances itself from demand|newspaper=[[The New Indian Express]]|date=21 June 2021|access-date=23 June 2021|archive-date=20 February 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240220130818/https://www.newindianexpress.com/amp/story/nation/2021/jun/21/bengal-bjp-mp-seeks-separate-junglemahal-state-party-distances-itself-from-demand-2319495.html|url-status=live}}</ref> However, the state unit of the BJP distanced itself from the demand, officially commented that they are against division and the [[Trinamool Congress]] filed a complaint against the same.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.indianexpress.com/article/cities/kolkata/bjp-mp-seeks-separate-junglemahal-state-party-distances-itself-from-demand-7369524/lite/|title=BJP MP seeks separate Junglemahal state, party distances itself from demand|date=21 June 2021|newspaper=[[The Indian Express]]|access-date=24 June 2021|archive-date=24 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624204910/https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/kolkata/bjp-mp-seeks-separate-junglemahal-state-party-distances-itself-from-demand-7369524/lite/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=BJP MP Seeks Separate State from Bengal's Junglemahal Region, Party Distances Itself from Demand|url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/bjp-mp-seeks-separate-state-from-bengals-junglemahal-region-party-distances-itself-from-demand-3874817.html|access-date=26 October 2021|work=News18|date=21 June 2021|archive-date=26 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211026062117/https://www.news18.com/news/india/bjp-mp-seeks-separate-state-from-bengals-junglemahal-region-party-distances-itself-from-demand-3874817.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
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|[[Kamtapur]]
|[[Assam]], [[West Bengal]]
|[[Cooch Behar district|Cooch Behar]], [[Darjeeling district|Darjeeling]], [[Dhubri district|Dhubri]], [[Goalpara district|Goalpara]], [[Jalpaiguri district|Jalpaiguri]], [[Kamrup district|Kamrup]]
|
|Kamtapur lies in the northern part of West Bengal and the proposed state consists of the six districts in the region.<ref>{{cite news|date=25 August 2022|title=Cooch Behar to become Union Territory before elections|url=https://pragnews.com/cooch-behar-to-become-union-territory-before-elections-ananta-rai|access-date=12 July 2023|work=Pragnews|archive-date=18 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230218125307/https://pragnews.com/cooch-behar-to-become-union-territory-before-elections-ananta-rai|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=4 December 2019|title=Assam: Koch-Rajbongshis demand separate Kamatapur state, ST status|newspaper=[[Business Standard]]|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ani/assam-koch-rajbongshis-demand-separate-kamatapur-state-st-status-119120400125_1.html|access-date=26 October 2021|archive-date=26 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211026061618/https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ani/assam-koch-rajbongshis-demand-separate-kamatapur-state-st-status-119120400125_1.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|[[Karbi Anglong Autonomous Council|Karbiland]]
|[[Assam]]
|[[Karbi Anglong district|Karbi Anglong]], [[West Karbi Anglong district|West Karbi Anglong]]
|[[File:Dima Hasao und Karbi Anglong Distrikte.svg|100px]]
|Requests for a separate state for [[Karbi people]] have been raised by several organisations over the years with violent protests in July 2013.<ref>{{cite news|date=6 September 2021|first=Kangkan|last=Kalita|title=Day after pact, 'autonomous state' demand in Karbi Anglong|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/day-after-pact-autonomous-state-demand-in-karbi-anglong/articleshow/85963118.cms|access-date=26 October 2021|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|archive-date=26 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211026035440/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/day-after-pact-autonomous-state-demand-in-karbi-anglong/articleshow/85963118.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|[[Khasi and Jaintia Hills|Khasiland]]
|[[Meghalaya]]
|[[East Jaintia Hills]], [[East Khasi Hills]], [[Eastern West Khasi Hills]], [[Ri Bhoi]], [[South West Khasi Hills]], [[West Khasi Hills]], [[West Jaintia Hills]]
|[[File:NE Autonomous divisions of India.svg|100px]]
|[[Hill State People's Democratic Party]] (HSPDP), a regional political party has demanded to bifurcate Meghalaya to create a separate state for the [[Khasi people]] while other parties including the [[United Democratic Party (Meghalaya)|United Democratic Party]] has opposed the demand.<ref>{{cite news|date=16 November 2022|title=Hill State People's Democratic Party, a BJP ally, pushes for bifurcation of Meghalaya|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/hill-state-peoples-democratic-party-a-bjp-ally-pushes-for-bifurcation-of-meghalaya/article66144157.ece|access-date=22 December 2022|issn=0971-751X|archive-date=22 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221222120348/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/hill-state-peoples-democratic-party-a-bjp-ally-pushes-for-bifurcation-of-meghalaya/article66144157.ece|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=16 December 2022|title=State bifurcation can create more complications: Paul|url=https://theshillongtimes.com/2022/12/16/state-bifurcation-can-create-more-complications-paul/|access-date=22 December 2022|work=The Shillong Times|archive-date=22 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221222120846/https://theshillongtimes.com/2022/12/16/state-bifurcation-can-create-more-complications-paul/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|[[Kashmir division|Kashmir]]
|[[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]]
|[[Anantnag district|Anantnag]], [[Baramulla district|Baramulla]], [[Budgam district|Budgam]], [[Bandipore district|Bandipore]], [[Ganderbal district|Ganderbal]], [[Kupwara district|Kupwara]], [[Kulgam district|Kulgam]], [[Pulwama district|Pulwama]], [[Shopian district|Shopian]], [[Srinagar district|Srinagar]]
|[[File:Kashmir_Division_in_Greater_Kashmir.svg|100px]]
|There have been claims to split the existing union territory to create a separate state for the [[Kashmiris]].<ref name="JK"/><ref>{{cite news|date=19 October 2021|title=Separate state only lasting solution: Ikkjutt Jammu|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/chandigarh-news/separate-state-only-lasting-solution-ikkjutt-jammu-101634586452657.html|access-date=26 October 2021|newspaper=[[Hindustan Times]]|archive-date=26 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211026053201/https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/chandigarh-news/separate-state-only-lasting-solution-ikkjutt-jammu-101634586452657.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|[[Kodagu district|Kodagu]]
|[[Karnataka]]
|[[Kodagu district|Kodagu]]
|[[File:Kodagu in Karnataka (India).svg|100px]]
|The Codava National Council (CNC) has demanded for the creation of a new autonomous region for the [[Kodava people|Kodava]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Chinnappa|first=K. Jeevan|date=1 August 2013|title=Kodava homeland: Telangana reinforces CNC belief|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/kodava-homeland-telangana-reinforces-cnc-belief/article4974689.ece|access-date=30 August 2023|issn=0971-751X|archive-date=25 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210825141308/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/kodava-homeland-telangana-reinforces-cnc-belief/article4974689.ece|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=18 July 2012|first=Anil Kumar|last=M|title=Karnataka Speaker demands separate statehood for Kodagu|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/karnataka-speaker-demands-separate-statehood-for-kodagu/articleshow/15034018.cms|access-date=26 October 2021|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|archive-date=26 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211026053201/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/karnataka-speaker-demands-separate-statehood-for-kodagu/articleshow/15034018.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|[[Kongu Nadu]]
|[[Karnataka]], [[Kerala]], [[Tamil Nadu]]
|[[Chamarajanagar District|Chamarajanagar]], [[Coimbatore district|Coimbatore]], [[Dharmapuri district|Dharmapuri]], [[Erode district|Erode]], [[Karur district|Karur]], [[Krishnagiri district|Krishnagiri]], [[Namakkal district|Namakkal]], [[Nilgiris district|Nilgiris]], [[Palakkad District|Palakkad]], [[Tiruppur district|Tiruppur]], [[Salem district|Salem]] and parts of [[Dindigul district|Dindigul]], [[Trichy district|Tiruchirappalli]]
|[[File:Kongu Nadu Tamil Nadu.png|100px]]
|Kongu Nadu refers to an approximate area of {{cvt|60895|km2|abbr=on}} covering Western Tamil Nadu and parts of Kerala and Karnataka.<ref name="Stat">{{cite report|title=Districts of Tamil Nadu|url=https://www.tn.gov.in/district_view|publisher=[[Government of Tamil Nadu]]|access-date=1 December 2023|archive-date=27 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230727153204/https://www.tn.gov.in/district_view|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/assembly-elections-2016/tamil-nadu-polls/No-Marriage-of-Ideologies-Kongu-Parties-Find-Raison-D%E2%80%99%C3%AAtre-in-Their-Differences-With-Dalits/2016/05/09/article3422739.ece|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160510100115/http://www.newindianexpress.com/assembly-elections-2016/tamil-nadu-polls/No-Marriage-of-Ideologies-Kongu-Parties-Find-Raison-D%E2%80%99%C3%AAtre-in-Their-Differences-With-Dalits/2016/05/09/article3422739.ece|url-status=dead|archive-date=10 May 2016|title=No 'Marriage' of Ideologies: Kongu Parties Find Raison D'être in Their Differences With Dalits|newspaper=[[The New Indian Express]]|date=9 May 2016|first=Rohini|last=Mohan|access-date=1 June 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=1 April 2019|title=Campaign Reaches Fever Pitch in Revenue-Rich Kongu Nadu as DMK-Congress, AIADMK-BJP Battle it Out|url=https://www.news18.com/news/politics/campaign-reaches-fever-pitch-in-revenue-rich-kongu-nadu-as-dmk-congress-aiadmk-bjp-battle-it-out-2085255.html|access-date=11 July 2021|work=News18|archive-date=11 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210711122128/https://www.news18.com/news/politics/campaign-reaches-fever-pitch-in-revenue-rich-kongu-nadu-as-dmk-congress-aiadmk-bjp-battle-it-out-2085255.html|url-status=live}}</ref> It was one of the territorial divisions in the ancient [[Tamilakam]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/society/history-and-culture/the-influence-of-jainism-in-kongu-nadu/article19845654.ece|title=On how Kongu Nadu was a Jain bastion|date=12 October 2017|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=5 December 2019|archive-date=23 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191023080330/https://www.thehindu.com/society/history-and-culture/the-influence-of-jainism-in-kongu-nadu/article19845654.ece|url-status=live}}</ref> There has been demands for the formation a separate state of Kongu Nadu, which would include western Tamil Nadu with sections of south east Karnataka and east Kerala.<ref>{{cite news|title=Murmurs on Tamil Nadu's bifurcation resurface|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2020/jan/05/murmurs-on-tamil-nadus-bifurcation-resurface-2085250.html|date=5 January 2020|access-date=1 July 2021|newspaper=[[The New Indian Express]]|archive-date=12 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210712023257/https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2020/jan/05/murmurs-on-tamil-nadus-bifurcation-resurface-2085250.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=PTI|title=India may have 50 states if all demands are conceded|url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/india-may-have-50-states-if-all-demands-are-conceded/article20645273.ece1|access-date=11 July 2021|newspaper=[[The Hindu]] Businessline|date=4 August 2013|archive-date=27 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240527080025/https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/india-may-have-50-states-if-all-demands-are-conceded/article20645273.ece1|url-status=live}}</ref> While various political parties have occasionally raised the demand, some parties are opposed to any bifurcation of the state.<ref>{{cite news|date=17 July 2021|title=BJP looks to downplay 'Kongu Nadu' controversy|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/bjp-looks-to-downplay-kongu-nadu-controversy-101626466093743.html|access-date=18 July 2021|newspaper=[[Hindustan Times]]|archive-date=18 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210718064906/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/bjp-looks-to-downplay-kongu-nadu-controversy-101626466093743.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Venkataramakrishnan|first=Rohan|title=Kongu Nadu, North Bengal: Is the threat of bifurcation a go-to weapon for the BJP?|url=https://scroll.in/article/1000330/kongu-nadu-north-bengal-is-the-threat-of-bifurcation-a-go-to-weapon-for-the-bjp|access-date=25 July 2021|work=Scroll|date=17 July 2021|archive-date=25 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210725122102/https://scroll.in/article/1000330/kongu-nadu-north-bengal-is-the-threat-of-bifurcation-a-go-to-weapon-for-the-bjp|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Kongu Nadu Has Sparked A Debate In TN. Here's What You Need To Know|work=News18|url=https://www.news18.com/news/explainers/explained-kongu-nadu-has-sparked-a-debate-in-tn-heres-what-you-need-to-know-3962216.html|access-date=15 July 2021|archive-date=20 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210720220815/https://www.news18.com/amp/news/explainers/explained-kongu-nadu-has-sparked-a-debate-in-tn-heres-what-you-need-to-know-3962216.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Local [[Caste politics|caste based political outfit]]s have supported the demand.<ref>{{cite news|date=17 July 2021|title=Caste organisation bats for Kongu Nadu|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Coimbatore/caste-organisation-bats-for-kongu-nadu/article35388404.ece|access-date=18 July 2021|issn=0971-751X|archive-date=17 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210717185430/https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Coimbatore/caste-organisation-bats-for-kongu-nadu/article35388404.ece|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|[[Konkan]]
|[[Goa]], [[Karnataka]], [[Maharashtra]]
|[[Goa]], [[Raigad district|Raigad]], [[Ratnagiri district|Ratnagiri]], [[Sindhudurg district|Sindhudurg]], [[Uttara Kannada]]
|[[File:Konkan_Districts.png|100px]]
|Konkan coast forms a strip of land along the north-western coast of India and there have been demands for a separate state for the [[Konkani people]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.webindia123.com/news/articles/India/20101217/1650700.html|title=Kunbi Sena demands separate Konkan state|access-date=3 September 2016|date=17 December 2010|work=WebIndia News|archive-date=21 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190921173408/https://news.webindia123.com/news/articles/India/20101217/1650700.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.oneindia.com/2006/09/29/agri-kunbi-sena-demand-separate-konkan-state-1159553012.html|title=Agri, Kunbi Sena demand separate Konkan state|work=OneIndia News|date=9 September 2006|access-date=1 December 2023|archive-date=30 December 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131230233429/http://news.oneindia.in/2006/09/29/agri-kunbi-sena-demand-separate-konkan-state-1159553012.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|[[Kosal state movement|Kosal]]
|[[Odisha]]
|[[Balangir district|Balangir]], [[Bargarh district|Bargarh]], [[Boudh district|Boudh]], [[Deogarh district|Deogarh]], [[Jharsuguda district|Jharsuguda]], [[Nuapada district|Nuapada]], [[Kalahandi district|Kalahandi]], [[Subarnapur district|Subarnapur]], [[Sambalpur district|Sambalpur]], [[Sundergarh|Sundargarh]], [[Athmallik]] subdivision of [[Angul district|Angul]]
|
|Kosal state movement has been demanding a separate state in the [[Western Odisha]] region.<ref>{{cite news|date=26 September 2019|title=Activists demand Western Odisha as separate state with 'Kosli' as official language|work=Business Standard|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ani/activists-demand-western-odisha-as-separate-state-with-kosli-as-official-language-119092601639_1.html|access-date=26 October 2021|archive-date=26 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211026060114/https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ani/activists-demand-western-odisha-as-separate-state-with-kosli-as-official-language-119092601639_1.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The [[Government of Odisha]] established the [[Western Odisha Development Council]] (WODC) in 2011.<ref>{{cite web|date=31 March 2011|title=WODC : Western Orissa Development Council|url=http://www.wodcorissa.org/|url-status=usurped|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120220013912/http://www.wodcorissa.org/|archive-date=20 February 2012|publisher=Wodcorissa|access-date=13 January 2012}}</ref>
|-
|{{anchor|Kukiland}}[[Kukiland]]
|[[Manipur]]
|[[Chandel district|Chandel]], [[Churachandpur district|Churachandpur]], [[Jiribam district|Jiribam]], [[Kamjong district|Kamjong]], [[Kangpokpi district|Kangpokpi]], [[Noney district|Noney]], [[Pherzawl district|Pherzawl]], [[Tengnoupal district|Tengnoupal]]
|
|Kukiland is a proposed separate state for the [[Kuki people]] which began in the 1980s and re-surfaced in the aftermath of the [[2023 Manipur violence]].<ref>{{cite news|date=16 May 2023|title=The demand for a Kuki homeland, its history and rationale|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-culture/the-demand-for-a-kuki-homeland-its-history-and-rationale-8613096/|access-date=30 June 2023|newspaper=[[The Indian Express]]|archive-date=9 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230709180242/https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-culture/the-demand-for-a-kuki-homeland-its-history-and-rationale-8613096/|url-status=live}}</ref> The Kuki State Demand Committee supported by [[Kuki National Army]] has demanded a separate state covering 60% of the area of Manipur, including Southern Manipur and surrounding areas of [[Sadar Hills]].<ref>{{cite news|date=17 May 2023|title=Demand for a Kuki homeland, history and rationale|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/national/east-and-northeast/explained-demand-for-a-kuki-homeland-history-and-rationale-1219491.html|access-date=30 June 2023|newspaper=[[Deccan Herald]]|archive-date=30 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230630165754/https://www.deccanherald.com/national/east-and-northeast/explained-demand-for-a-kuki-homeland-history-and-rationale-1219491.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|[[Kutch district|Kutch]]
|[[Gujarat]]
|[[Kutch district|Kutch]]
|[[File:Kutch_in_Gujarat_(India).svg|100px]]
|[[Kutch Region|Kutch State]] or [[Cutch State]], covering the [[Great Rann of Kutch]], and the [[Little Rann of Kutch]] existed as separate state from 1947 to 1956, which was merged with [[Bombay state]] in 1956. It later became part of Gujarat in 1960.<ref>{{cite web|title=Now, Gujarat revives Statehood demand|url=http://www.dailypioneer.com/nation/now-gujarat-revives-statehood-demand.html|work=Daily Pioneer|date=2 August 2013|access-date=3 September 2016|archive-date=3 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303233007/http://www.dailypioneer.com/nation/now-gujarat-revives-statehood-demand.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.milligazette.com/news/5055-telangana-heat-catches-gujarat|title=Telangana heat catches Gujarat|first=Abdul Hafiz|last=Lakhani|date=7 December 2012|access-date=3 September 2016|archive-date=4 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304112750/http://www.milligazette.com/news/5055-telangana-heat-catches-gujarat|url-status=live}}</ref> There has been demands a return to statehood, citing poor development of the region.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://daily.bhaskar.com/article/GUJ-AHD-clamour-for-separate-srashtra-bhilistan-to-get-louder-4336147-NOR.html|title=Clamour for separate S'rashtra, Bhilistan to get louder|work=Daily Bhaskar|access-date=3 September 2016|archive-date=13 July 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150713081330/http://daily.bhaskar.com/article/GUJ-AHD-clamour-for-separate-srashtra-bhilistan-to-get-louder-4336147-NOR.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
|[[Ladakh]]
|[[Ladakh]]
|[[Kargil district|Kargil]], [[Leh district|Leh]]
|[[File:IN-LA.svg|100px]]
|There have been several demands for statehood for Ladakh. Kargil Democratic Alliance and Leh Apex Body demanded statehood and rallied in 2023.<ref>{{cite news|last=Ashiq|first=Peerzada|date=7 January 2023|title=Key socio-political outfits in Ladakh reject Centre's plan, harden stand on Statehood|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/key-socio-political-outfits-in-ladakh-reject-centres-plan-harden-stand-on-statehood/article66350465.ece|access-date=31 January 2023|issn=0971-751X|archive-date=31 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230131153046/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/key-socio-political-outfits-in-ladakh-reject-centres-plan-harden-stand-on-statehood/article66350465.ece|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=How Ladakhi Politics Changed – And Drove the Centre into a Corner|url=https://thewire.in/politics/ladakh-politics-kargil-leh-centre|date=29 January 2023|access-date=31 January 2023|work=The Wire|archive-date=30 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230130162908/https://thewire.in/politics/ladakh-politics-kargil-leh-centre|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Sonam Wangchuk (engineer)|Sonam Wangchuk]] went on a [[hunger strike]] demanding statehood.<ref>{{cite news|date=30 January 2023|title=Ladakh Safeguard Demands: Hundreds join Wangchuk on final day hunger strike|url=https://kashmirreader.com/2023/01/31/ladakh-safeguard-demands-hundreds-join-wangchuk-on-final-day-hunger-strike/|access-date=31 January 2023|work=Kashmir Reader|archive-date=30 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230130203754/https://kashmirreader.com/2023/01/31/ladakh-safeguard-demands-hundreds-join-wangchuk-on-final-day-hunger-strike/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|[[Mahakoshal]]
|[[Madhya Pradesh]]
|[[Chhindwara district|Chhindwara]], [[Dindori district|Dindori]], [[Jabalpur district|Jabalpur]], [[Katni district|Katni]], [[Mandla district|Mandla]], [[Narsinghpur district|Narsinghpur]], [[Seoni district|Seoni]]
|
|Mahakoshal is a region which lies in the upper or eastern reaches of the [[Narmada River]] valley in Madhya Pradesh. Organisations such as Mahakaushal Mukti Morcha and Bharatiya Janashakti have demanded separate statehood for the region with the capital at [[Jabalpur]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bhaskar.com/news/MP-JBL-mahakaushal-state-will-be-a-fight-to-the-finish-4769174-NOR.html|title=Mahakaushal state will be a fight to finish|date=8 October 2014|access-date=3 September 2016|work=[[Dainik Bhaskar]]|archive-date=14 September 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160914195751/http://www.bhaskar.com/news/MP-JBL-mahakaushal-state-will-be-a-fight-to-the-finish-4769174-NOR.html|url-status=live}}</ref> It is alleged that although the region is rich in natural resources, the region has seen limited development and the region has a distinct cultural identity.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.oneindia.com/2008/10/24/prahlad-patel-demands-separate-state-in-mahakaushal-1224837437.html|title=Prahlad Patel demands separate state in Mahakaushal|work=[[OneIndia]]|date=24 October 2008|access-date=3 September 2016|archive-date=14 September 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160914220659/http://www.oneindia.com/2008/10/24/prahlad-patel-demands-separate-state-in-mahakaushal-1224837437.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|[[Malwa]]
|[[Madhya Pradesh]], [[Rajasthan]]
|[[Agar Malwa district|Agar]], [[Banswara district|Banswara]], [[Dewas district|Dewas]], [[Dhar district|Dhar]], [[Guna district|Guna]], [[Indore district|Indore]], [[Jhabua district|Jhabua]], [[Jhalawar district|Jhalawar]], [[Mandsaur district|Mandsaur]], [[Neemuch district|Neemuch]], [[Pratapgarh district (Rajasthan)|Pratapgarh]], [[Rajgarh district|Rajgarh]], [[Ratlam district|Ratlam]], [[Shajapur district|Shajapur]], [[Ujjain district|Ujjain]], [[Sehore district|Sehore]]
|[[File:Malwa_India_closeup_1823.png|100px]]
|There have been demands for a separate Malwa state with the capital at [[Indore]] including the [[Malvi language|Malvi]] speaking regions.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=mup|title=Malvi language|access-date=3 September 2016|publisher=[[Ethnologue]]|archive-date=5 October 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121005063558/http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=mup|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|[[Marathwada]]
|[[Maharashtra]]
|[[Aurangabad district, Maharashtra|Aurangabad]], [[Beed district|Beed]], [[Hingoli district|Hingoli]], [[Jalna district|Jalna]], [[Latur district|Latur]], [[Nanded district|Nanded]], [[Osmanabad district|Osmanabad]], [[Parbhani district|Parbhani]]
|[[File:Aurangabad_Division.png|100px]]
|Marathwada is one of the five [[divisions of Maharashtra]] which was earlier part of the [[Hyderabad State]] in [[British India]]. After Hyderabad was annexed to India, Marathwada was merged with Bombay state. There have been demands for a separate Marathwada state.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/uproar-in-maharashtra-assembly-over-shreehari-aneys-demand-for-separate-marathwada-state/articleshow/51493396.cms|title=Uproar in Maharashtra assembly over Shreehari Aney's demand for separate Marathwada state|newspaper=[[The Economic Times]]|date=21 March 2016|access-date=1 December 2023|archive-date=25 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230725161346/http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/uproar-in-maharashtra-assembly-over-shreehari-aneys-demand-for-separate-marathwada-state/articleshow/51493396.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|[[Maru Pradesh]]
|[[Rajasthan]]
|[[Barmer district|Barmer]], [[Jaisalmer district|Jaisalmer]], [[Bikaner district|Bikaner]], [[Churu district|Churu]], [[Ganganagar district|Ganganagar]], [[Hanumangarh district|Hanumangarh]], [[Jhunjhunu district|Jhunjhunu]], [[Jodhpur district|Jodhpur]], [[Nagaur district|Nagaur]], [[Pali district|Pali]], [[Jalore district|Jalore]], [[Sirohi district|Sirohi]], [[Sikar district|Sikar]]
|[[File:India_Maru_Pradesh_locator_map.jpg|100px]]
|Maru Pradesh is a proposed desert state in North West for the [[Marwari people|Marwaris]].<ref>{{cite news|date=16 April 2018|title=Rajasthan: Separate Maru Pradesh demand gains momentum|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/jodhpur/separate-maru-pradesh-demand-gains-momentum/articleshow/63776341.cms|access-date=26 October 2021|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|archive-date=26 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211026092323/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/jodhpur/separate-maru-pradesh-demand-gains-momentum/articleshow/63776341.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|[[Magadha (Mahajanapada)|Magadha Rajya]]
|[[Bihar|Southern Bihar]] and [[Jharkhand|Northern Jharkhand]]
|[[Vaishali district|Vaishali]], [[Samastipur district|Samastipur]], [[Begusarai district|Begusarai]], [[Sheikhpura district|Sheikhpura]], [[Lakhisarai district|Lakhisarai]], [[Jamui district|Jamui]], [[Patna district|Patna]], [[Nalanda district|Nalanda]], [[Arwal district|Arwal]], [[Jehanabad district|Jehanabad]], [[Aurangabad district, Bihar|Aurangabad]], [[Gaya district|Gaya]], [[Nawada district|Nawada]], [[Garhwa district|Garhwa]], [[Palamu district|Palamu]], [[Latehar district|Latehar]], [[Chatra district|Chatra]], [[Hazaribagh district|Hazaribagh]], [[Ramgarh district|Ramgarh]], [[Bokaro district|Bokaro]], [[Koderma district|Koderma]], [[Giridih district|Giridih]], [[Dhanbad district|Dhanbad]], [[Deoghar district|Deoghar]], [[Jamtara district|Jamtara]], [[Dumka]], [[Godda district|Godda]], [[Pakur district|Pakur]], [[Sahebganj district|Sahebganj]]
|[[File:Magadh Map.png|100px]]
|There have been demands for a Magadha Rajya, comprising the [[Magahi language|Magahi]]-speaking districts of southern Bihar and a blend of [[Magahi]] known as [[Khortha language|Khortha]] is spoken by non-tribal populace in [[North Chotanagpur division]] of northern Jharkhand.<ref>{{cite web|title="Demand for Magadha State :Bihar: What went wrong? And what changed?"|url=https://www.nipfp.org.in/media/medialibrary/2013/04/WP_2012_107.pdf|publisher=NIPFP|access-date=1 December 2023|archive-date=8 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231208034349/https://www.nipfp.org.in/media/medialibrary/2013/04/WP_2012_107.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last=Rosselli|first=John|date=April 1975|title=Language, Religion and Politics in North India|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2617279|journal=International Affairs|volume=51|issue=2|pages=288–289|doi=10.2307/2617279|jstor=2617279|issn=1468-2346|access-date=8 July 2023|url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=5 December 2019|title=BJP MP gives Zero Hour notice in LS over demand to include Magahi language in 8th schedule of Constitution and over Statehood of Magadha|newspaper=[[Business Standard]]|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ani/bjp-mp-gives-zero-hour-notice-in-ls-over-demand-to-include-magahi-language-in-8th-schedule-of-constitution-119120500255_1.html|access-date=11 October 2022|archive-date=11 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221011114614/https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ani/bjp-mp-gives-zero-hour-notice-in-ls-over-demand-to-include-magahi-language-in-8th-schedule-of-constitution-119120500255_1.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|[[Mithila (proposed Indian state)|Mithila]]
|[[Bihar]], [[Jharkhand]]
|[[Araria district|Araria]], [[Begusarai district|Begusarai]], [[Bhagalpur district|Bhagalpur]], [[Banka district|Banka]], [[Darbhanga district|Darbhanga]], [[Deoghar district|Deoghar]], [[Dumka district|Dumka]], [[East Champaran district|East Champaran]], [[Godda district|Godda]], [[Jamtara district|Jamtara]], [[Jamui district|Jamui]], [[Katihar district|Katihar]], [[Khagaria district|Khagaria]], [[Kishanganj district|Kishanganj]], [[Lakhisarai district|Lakhisarai]], [[Madhepura district|Madhepura]], [[Madhubani district|Madhubani]], [[Munger district|Munger]], [[Muzaffarpur district|Muzaffarpur]], [[Pakaur district|Pakaur]], [[Purnia district|Purnia]], [[Saharsa district|Saharsa]], [[Sahebganj district|Sahebganj]], [[Samastipur district|Samastipur]], [[Sheohar district|Sheohar]], [[Sitamarhi district|Sitamarhi]], [[Supaul district|Supaul]], [[Vaishali district|Vaishali]], [[West Champaran district|West Champaran]]
|[[File:Mithila region of India.png|Maithili-speaking region of Bihar And Jharkhand|100px]]
|Mithila is a proposed state which would cover the [[Maithili language|Maithili]]-speaking regions of Bihar and Jharkhand.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nKqF_AgDd4gC&q=mithila+india+state&pg=PA148|title=Small States Syndrome in India|access-date=16 February 2017|pages=146|isbn=978-8-170-22691-8|last1=Kumāra|first1=Braja Bihārī|year=1998|publisher=Concept Publishing Company|archive-date=27 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240527080533/https://books.google.com/books?id=nKqF_AgDd4gC&q=mithila+india+state&pg=PA148#v=snippet&q=mithila%20india%20state&f=false|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O49ZDwAAQBAJ&pg=RA1-PR20|title=Sushasan Ke Aaine Mein Naya Bihar|first=Pankaj Kumar|last=Jha|date=2010|publisher=Prabhat Prakashan|location=Bihar (India)|isbn=978-9-380-18628-3|access-date=7 September 2022|archive-date=27 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240527081528/https://books.google.com/books?id=O49ZDwAAQBAJ&pg=RA1-PR20#v=onepage&q&f=false|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=23 July 2018|first=Madan|last=Kumar|title=Former Bihar CM Rabri Devi favours separate state for Maithili speaking people|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/former-bihar-cm-rabri-devi-favours-separate-state-for-maithili-speaking-people/articleshow/65108381.cms|access-date=1 December 2023|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|archive-date=17 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221017111837/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/former-bihar-cm-rabri-devi-favours-separate-state-for-maithili-speaking-people/articleshow/65108381.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|[[North Bengal]]
|[[West Bengal]]
|[[Alipurduar district|Alipurduar]], [[Cooch Behar district|Cooch Behar]], [[Dakshin Dinajpur district|Dakshin Dinajpur]], [[Darjeeling district|Darjeeling]], [[Jalpaiguri district|Jalpaiguri]], [[Kalimpong district|Kalimpong]], [[Malda district|Malda]], [[Uttar Dinajpur district|Uttar Dinajpur]]
|[[File:Map of North Bengal.png|100px]]
|In 2021, politicians of Bharatiya Janata Party demanded carving out a state or union territory comprising the North Bengal districts.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/national/india-news-after-north-bengal-ut-bjp-mla-revives-gorkhaland-demand-in-darjeeling-news-386334|title=After North Bengal UT, BJP MLA Revives Gorkhaland Demand In Darjeeling|access-date=27 June 2021|work=[[Outlook (Indian magazine)|Outlook]]|date=27 June 2021|archive-date=27 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210627124954/https://www.outlookindia.com/website/amp/india-news-after-north-bengal-ut-bjp-mla-revives-gorkhaland-demand-in-darjeeling/386334|url-status=live}}</ref> However, the state unit distanced itself from the demand with [[Indian National Congress]] also opposing the same.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/two-bjp-mps-demand-north-bengal-ut-mamata-banerjee-says-won-t-allow-to-divide-state-1815595-2021-06-16|title=Two BJP MPs demand North Bengal UT, Mamata Banerjee says won't allow to divide state|work=[[India Today]]|date=16 June 2021|access-date=27 June 2021|archive-date=19 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210619152732/https://www.indiatoday.in/amp/india/story/two-bjp-mps-demand-north-bengal-ut-mamata-banerjee-says-won-t-allow-to-divide-state-1815595-2021-06-16|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/demand-for-dividing-bengal-part-of-larger-conspiracy-of-bjp-says-adhir-ranjan-chowdhury-713907|title=Demand for dividing Bengal part of larger conspiracy of BJP, says Adhir Ranjan Chowdhury|newspaper=India TV|access-date=1 December 2023|date=27 June 2021|archive-date=18 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230218125309/https://www.indiatvnews.com/amp/news/india/demand-for-dividing-bengal-part-of-larger-conspiracy-of-bjp-says-adhir-ranjan-chowdhury-713907|url-status=live}}</ref> Different native linguistic ethnic groups have also rejected the separate statehood demand and are against the division of West Bengal.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/ethnic-groups-in-north-bengal-reject-bjp-mps-separate-ut-proposal/article34901876.ece|title=Ethnic groups in north Bengal reject BJP MP's separate UT proposal|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=22 June 2021|access-date=1 December 2023|archive-date=18 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230218125311/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/ethnic-groups-in-north-bengal-reject-bjp-mps-separate-ut-proposal/article34901876.ece|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|[[North Karnataka]]
|[[Karnataka]]
|[[Bagalkot District|Bagalkot]], [[Ballari district|Ballari]], [[Belagavi district|Belagavi]], [[Bidar District|Bidar]], [[Bijapur district, Karnataka|Bijapur]], [[Dharwad District|Dharwad]], [[Gadag district|Gadag]], [[Haveri District|Haveri]], [[Kalaburagi district|Kalaburagi]], [[Koppal District|Koppal]], [[Raichur District|Raichur]], [[Vijayanagara district|Vijayanagara]], [[Yadgir District|Yadgir]]
|[[File:Distance_from_major_cities_to_North_Karnataka.jpg|100px]]
|North Karnataka is a geographical region consisting of mostly semi-arid plateau that constitutes the northern part of the Karnataka with a notable difference from the other regions in terms of language, cuisine and culture.<ref>{{cite news|date=2 November 2020|title=Samiti demands statehood for Kalyana Karnataka|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/samiti-demands-statehood-for-kalyana-karnataka/article33004851.ece|access-date=1 December 2023|archive-date=18 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230218125307/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/samiti-demands-statehood-for-kalyana-karnataka/article33004851.ece|url-status=live}}</ref> Various organizations have demanded a separate state to be carved out of the region.<ref>{{cite news|date=31 July 2018|title=North Karnataka: Will it be a separate state?|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/opinion/perspective/north-karnataka-separate-state-684638.html|newspaper=[[Deccan Herald]]|access-date=1 December 2023|archive-date=18 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230218125311/https://www.deccanherald.com/opinion/perspective/north-karnataka-separate-state-684638.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
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|[[Panun Kashmir]]
|[[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]]
|[[Anantnag district|Anantnag]], [[Baramulla district|Baramulla]], [[Srinagar district|Srinagar]]
|[[File:Panun Kashmir.jpg|100px]]
|Panun Kashmir is a proposed union territory in the [[Kashmir Valley]] on religious lines which is advocated by the Kashmiri Pandit Network as a homeland for [[Kashmiri Pandits|Kashmiri Hindus]] who have fled the Kashmir valley as a result of ongoing separatist movement and hope to return.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.panunkashmir.org/|title=Panun Kashmir: A Homeland for Kashmiri Pandits|work=Panunkashmir.org|access-date=27 September 2019|archive-date=29 October 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029195320/http://www.panunkashmir.org/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Now, separate homeland for Pandits possible: Panun Kashmir|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/j-k/now-separate-homeland-for-pandits-possible-pk-50065|access-date=26 October 2021|work=Tribune|archive-date=26 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211026053201/https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/j-k/now-separate-homeland-for-pandits-possible-pk-50065|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|[[Purvanchal]]
|[[Uttar Pradesh]]
|[[Azamgarh district|Azamgarh]], [[Ballia district|Ballia]], [[Basti district|Basti]], [[Chandauli district|Chandauli]], [[Deoria district|Deoria]], [[Ghazipur district|Ghazipur]], [[Gorakhpur district|Gorakhpur]], [[Jaunpur district|Jaunpur]], [[Kushinagar district|Kushinagar]], [[Maharajganj district|Maharajganj]], [[Mau district|Mau]], [[Mirzapur district|Mirzapur]], [[Sant Kabir Nagar district|Sant Kabir Nagar]], [[Sant Ravidas Nagar district|Sant Ravidas Nagar]], [[Siddharthnagar district|Siddharth Nagar]], [[Varanasi district|Varanasi]]
|[[File:India Purvanchal locator map.svg|100px]]
|Purvanchal is a geographic region of north-central India, with [[Bhojpuri language|Bhojpuri]] as a major language.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/2005/03/07/stories/2005030702770300.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050406052349/http://www.hindu.com/2005/03/07/stories/2005030702770300.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=6 April 2005|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|title=Congressmen demand separate Purvanchal, Bundelkhand States|date=7 March 2005}}</ref> While the Government of Uttar Pradesh proposed to carve out a separate state with [[Gorakhpur]] or [[Varanasi]] as its capital in 2009, it has not officially materialized.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.timesnow.tv/Maya-challenges-Pranab-over-statehood/articleshow/4334149.cms|title=Maya challenges Pranab over statehood|publisher=timesnow.tv|date=13 December 2009|access-date=4 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120226092326/http://www.timesnow.tv/Maya-challenges-Pranab-over-statehood/articleshow/4334149.cms|archive-date=26 February 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
|[[Rayalaseema]]
|[[Andhra Pradesh]]
|[[Annamayya district|Annamayya]], [[Anantapur district|Anantapur]], [[Chittoor district|Chittoor]], [[Kadapa district|Kadapa]], [[Kurnool district|Kurnool]], [[Nandyal district|Nandyal]], [[Sri Sathya Sai district|Sri Sathya Sai]], [[Tirupati district|Tirupati]]
|[[File:Rayalaseema_Andhra_Pradesh_new_districts.png|100px]]
|The proposed state would consist of eight districts of Andhra Pradesh.<ref>{{cite news|author=Gopi Dara|date=1 February 2020|title=Rayalaseema leaders mull statehood for region|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/vijayawada/rayalaseema-leaders-mull-statehood-for-region/articleshow/73815737.cms|access-date=18 June 2020|archive-date=22 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210822123331/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/vijayawada/rayalaseema-leaders-mull-statehood-for-region/articleshow/73815737.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> Organizations such as [[Rayalaseema Parirakshana Samithi]] and Rayalaseema Rashtra Samithi advocate for a separate state.<ref>{{cite news|title=After Telangana, demands for Rayalaseema state get louder|url=https://www.firstpost.com/politics/after-telangana-demands-for-rayalaseema-state-get-louder-1004815.html|access-date=18 June 2020|work=Firstpost|date=2 August 2013|archive-date=21 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200621042848/https://www.firstpost.com/politics/after-telangana-demands-for-rayalaseema-state-get-louder-1004815.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|work=The Hans India|date=2 September 2021|title=Create Greater Rayalaseema State with 11 districts: Rayalaseema Rashtra Samithi|url=https://www.thehansindia.com/andhra-pradesh/create-greater-rayalaseema-state-with-11-districts-rayalaseema-rashtra-samithi-704593|access-date=28 October 2021|archive-date=28 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211028035810/https://www.thehansindia.com/andhra-pradesh/create-greater-rayalaseema-state-with-11-districts-rayalaseema-rashtra-samithi-704593|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|[[Saurashtra (region)|Saurashtra]]
|[[Gujarat]]
|[[Ahmedabad District|Ahmedabad]], [[Amreli District|Amreli]], [[Bhavnagar District|Bhavnagar]], [[Botad District|Botad]], [[Devbhoomi Dwarka district|Devbhoomi Dwarka]], [[Gir Somnath district|Gir Somnath]], [[Jamnagar District|Jamnagar]], [[Junagadh District|Junagadh]], [[Morbi district|Morbi]], [[Porbandar District|Porbandar]], [[Rajkot District|Rajkot]], [[Surendranagar District|Surendranagar]]
|[[File:Saurashtra region within Gujarat India relief map.jpg|100px]]
|The movement for a separate [[Saurashtra (region)|Saurashtra state]] was initiated in 1972. Local organisations across the region support the demand of the separate state claiming underdevelopment and lack of job opportunities.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2013-08-01/news/40963094_1_rajkot-separate-saurashtra-state-movement|title=Call to revive movement for separate Saurashtra state|date=1 August 2013|access-date=3 September 2016|newspaper=[[The Economic Times]]|archive-date=5 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305015552/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2013-08-01/news/40963094_1_rajkot-separate-saurashtra-state-movement|url-status=dead}}</ref> The region is linguistically different from the rest of the state due to the prevalence of its own [[Saurashtra language|Saurashtra]] dialect.<ref>{{cite news|author=Ojas Mehta|author2=Dilip Patel|title=Statehood for Telangana: Will Gujarat Face Heat from Saurashtra Kutch?|newspaper=The Times of India|url=http://epaper.timesofindia.com/Default/Layout/Includes/MIRRORNEW/ArtWin.asp?From=Archive&Source=Page&Skin=MIRRORNEW&BaseHref=AMIR%2F2009%2F12%2F13&ViewMode=HTML&EntityId=Ar00800&AppName=1|access-date=12 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181102064943/http://epaper.timesofindia.com/Default/Layout/Includes/MIRRORNEW/ArtWin.asp?From=Archive&Source=Page&Skin=MIRRORNEW&BaseHref=AMIR%2F2009%2F12%2F13&ViewMode=HTML&EntityId=Ar00800&AppName=1|archive-date=2 November 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
|[[Sindhis in India|Sindhi State]]
|[[Gujarat]], [[Rajasthan]]
|[[Barmer district|Barmer]], [[Jaisalmer district|Jaisalmer]], [[Jalore district|Jalore]], [[Kutch district|Kutch]]
|
|There have been demands for a separate state for the [[Sindhi people]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Key member of community demands separate state for Sindhis|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/key-member-of-community-demands-separate-state-for-sindhis/articleshow/46896332.cms|date=12 April 2015|access-date=26 October 2021|newspaper=[[The Economic Times]]|archive-date=26 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211026151053/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/key-member-of-community-demands-separate-state-for-sindhis/articleshow/46896332.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|[[Tipraland]]
|[[Tripura]]
|Parts of [[Dhalai district|Dhalai]], [[Gomati district|Gomati]], [[Khowai district|Khowai]], [[North Tripura]], [[Sipahijala district|Sipahijala]], [[South Tripura]], [[Unakoti district|Unakoti]], [[West Tripura]]
|[[File:Tipraland.jpg|100px]]
|The [[Kingdom of Tripura]] was a kingdom from the early 15th century which was annexed as the princely state of [[Tripura (princely state)|Tripura]] in 1949 and later achieved statehood on 21 January 1972.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://tripura.gov.in/history|title=Historical Background {{!}} Tripura State Portal|publisher=[[Government of Tripura]]|access-date=16 July 2017|archive-date=11 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170711064559/http://tripura.gov.in/history|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Momin|first1=Mignonette|last2=Mawlong|first2=Cecile A.|last3=Qādrī|first3=Fuz̤ail Aḥmad|title=Society and economy in North-East India|page=81|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iOfZAAAAMAAJ|year=2006|publisher=Regency Publications|location=New Delhi|isbn=978-8-187-49883-4|access-date=7 January 2020|archive-date=27 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240527081534/https://books.google.com/books?id=iOfZAAAAMAAJ|url-status=live}}</ref> The indigenous Tipra people demanded an [[Autonomous administrative divisions of India|autonomous district]], which was created on 23 March 1979 in the form of the [[Tripura Tribal Areas Autonomous District Council]] (TTAADC). A separate statehood is demanded by [[Indigenous People's Front of Tripura]] (IPFT) and [[Tipraland State Party]] (TSP).<ref>{{cite news|date=3 February 2021|title=Explained: What is the Greater Tipraland demand raised by royal scion Pradyot Kishore?|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-what-is-greater-tipraland-demand-raised-by-royal-scion-pradyot-kishore-and-what-does-it-mean-for-tripura-politics-7199420/|access-date=26 October 2021|newspaper=[[The Indian Express]]|archive-date=12 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210312171103/https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-what-is-greater-tipraland-demand-raised-by-royal-scion-pradyot-kishore-and-what-does-it-mean-for-tripura-politics-7199420/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|[[Tulu Nadu]]
|[[Karnataka]], [[Kerala]]
|[[Dakshina Kannada]], [[Kasaragod district|Kasaragod]], [[Udupi district|Udupi]]
|[[File:Tulunadu_Region.jpg|100px]]
|Tulu Nadu is a border region between the states of Karnataka and Kerala in southern India. The demand for a separate state is based on a distinct culture and language ([[Tulu language|Tulu]]), and neglect of the region by the state governments.<ref>{{cite news|date=13 August 2006|title=Tulu Nadu movement gaining momentum|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|location=Mangalore, India|url=http://www.hindu.com/2006/08/13/stories/2006081317290300.htm|url-status=dead|access-date=16 May 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091125011349/http://www.hindu.com/2006/08/13/stories/2006081317290300.htm|archive-date=25 November 2009}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=21 October 2006|title=Samithi seeks separate Tulu state|newspaper=Deccan Herald|location=Mangalore, India|url=http://archive.deccanherald.com/deccanherald/oct222006/district1955220061020.asp|url-status=dead|access-date=16 May 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140419192813/http://archive.deccanherald.com/deccanherald/oct222006/district1955220061020.asp|archive-date=19 April 2014}}</ref> The Karnataka and Kerala state governments have created the Tulu Sahitya Academy to preserve and promote [[Tulu people|Tuluva]] culture.<ref>{{cite news|date=13 April 2003|title=Tulu academy urged to publish Machendranath's selected dramas|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|location=Mangalore, India|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Mangalore/tulu-academy-urged-to-publish-machendranaths-selected-dramas/article4614139.ece|access-date=16 May 2013|archive-date=19 April 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140419231117/http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Mangalore/tulu-academy-urged-to-publish-machendranaths-selected-dramas/article4614139.ece|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|[[Vidarbha]]
|[[Maharashtra]]
|[[Akola district|Akola]], [[Amravati district|Amravati]], [[Bhandara district|Bhandara]], [[Buldhana district|Buldhana]], [[Chandrapur district|Chandrapur]], [[Gadchiroli district|Gadchiroli]], [[Gondia district|Gondia]], [[Nagpur district|Nagpur]], [[Wardha district|Wardha]], [[Washim district|Washim]], [[Yavatmal district|Yavatmal]]
|[[File:India_Vidarbha_locator_map.svg|100px]]
|Vidarbha is a region that comprises the [[Amravati division|Amravati]] and [[Nagpur division|Nagpur]] divisions of eastern Maharashtra. Support for a separate Vidarbha state had been expressed by various people over time.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2020/Jan/13/rss-ideologue-mg-vaidya-creates-row-after-seeking-maharashtra-division-2088804.html|title=RSS ideologue MG Vaidya creates row after seeking Maharashtra division|author=Sudhir Suryawanshi|newspaper=[[The New Indian Express]]|access-date=15 July 2021|date=13 January 2020|archive-date=20 February 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240220130819/https://www.newindianexpress.com/amp/story/nation/2020/jan/13/rss-ideologue-mg-vaidya-creates-row-after-seeking-maharashtra-division-2088804.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=3 October 2021|first=Vaibhav|last=Ganjapure|title=Nagpur: VRAS forms Jai Vidarbha Party to fight polls on statehood issue|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/nagpur/vras-forms-jai-vidarbha-party-to-fight-polls-on-statehood-issue/articleshow/86715188.cms|access-date=26 October 2021|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|archive-date=26 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211026035439/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/nagpur/vras-forms-jai-vidarbha-party-to-fight-polls-on-statehood-issue/articleshow/86715188.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|[[Vindhya Pradesh]]
|[[Madhya Pradesh]]
|[[Panna district|Panna]], [[Chhatarpur district|Chhatarpur]], [[Datia district|Datia]], [[Rewa district|Rewa]], [[Satna district|Satna]], [[Sidhi district|Sidhi]], [[Shahdol district|Shahdol]], [[Singrauli District|Singrauli]], [[Tikamgarh district|Tikamgarh]]
|[[File:Vindhya_Pradesh_in_India_(1951).svg|100px]]
|Vindhya Pradesh was a former state which was merged into Madhya Pradesh in 1956.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=njYpsvmr2dsC&q=Vindhya+Pradesh+%2B+1948+%2B+Bundelkhand+%2B+Baghelkhand+%2B+Gwalior+Residency&pg=PA54|pages=54–5|title=Historical Geography of Madhya Pradesh from Early Records|last=Bhattacharyya|first=P. K.|year=1977|isbn=978-8-120-83394-4|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass|location=Delhi|access-date=19 November 2020|archive-date=27 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240527081529/https://books.google.com/books?id=njYpsvmr2dsC&q=Vindhya+Pradesh+%2B+1948+%2B+Bundelkhand+%2B+Baghelkhand+%2B+Gwalior+Residency&pg=PA54#v=snippet&q=Vindhya%20Pradesh%20%2B%201948%20%2B%20Bundelkhand%20%2B%20Baghelkhand%20%2B%20Gwalior%20Residency&f=false|url-status=live}}</ref> Since 2000, there have been demands for the nine districts to be separated from Madhya Pradesh to create a new state.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/2000/09/10/stories/14102125.htm|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130629104141/http://www.hindu.com/2000/09/10/stories/14102125.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=29 June 2013|title=No more division of State: Digvijay|date=10 September 2000|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=16 May 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Madhya Pradesh: BJP state president pulls up party MLA Tripathi for Vindhya Pradesh demand|url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/bhopal/madhya-pradesh-bjp-state-president-pulls-up-party-mla-tripathi-for-vindhya-pradesh-demand|access-date=26 October 2021|date=16 January 2021|work=Free Press Journal|archive-date=26 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211026053201/https://www.freepressjournal.in/bhopal/madhya-pradesh-bjp-state-president-pulls-up-party-mla-tripathi-for-vindhya-pradesh-demand|url-status=live}}</ref>
|}

==See also==
* [[Autonomous administrative divisions of India]]
* [[Indian reunification]]
* [[Greater India]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}

{{Proposed states and territories of India}}
{{Social issues in India}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Proposed States Of India}}
[[Category:India politics-related lists]]
[[Category:Proposed states and union territories of India|Proposed states and union territories of India]]
[[Category:Lists of proposed country subdivisions|India]]

Sailana

2026-03-24T11:09:22Z

ElijahCombs83: Revised and enhanced article content

{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2017}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Sailana
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Town
| image_skyline = Sailana_Palace.jpg
| image_caption = The royal palaces of Sailana
| image_alt =
| pushpin_map = India Madhya Pradesh#India3
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Madhya Pradesh, India
| coordinates = {{coord|23.47|N|74.92|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Madhya Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Ratlam district|Ratlam]]
| established_title = 
| established_date = 1736
| founder = Raja Jai Singh Rathore
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 479
| population_total = 1,34,959
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Malvi language|Malvi]], [[Hindi language|Hindi]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code =
| registration_plate =
| website =
| footnotes =

}}
'''Sailana''' is a town in the [[Malwa]] region of the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Madhya Pradesh]]. Sailana is {{cvt|25|km}} from [[Ratlam]] city and {{cvt|50|km}} away from [[Banswara district]] of the neighboring state of [[Rajasthan]]. 
Sailana was once the capital of the [[Sailana State]] before it merged into India. A fort belonging to the former royal family still stands tall in Sailana. The Kedareshwar temple, situated {{cvt|4|km}} from Sailana is a notable shrine.

==Demographics==
{{update after|2022}}
As of the [[2011 Census of India]], Sailana had a population of 1,34,959. There are 226 villages in Sailana block.<ref>[https://www.censusindia2011.com/madhya-pradesh/ratlam/sailana-population.html#:~:text=As%20per%20the%20Census%20India,is%2019.64%25%20of%20total%20population. Census India 2011]</ref> Sailana has an average literacy rate of 86%, higher than the state average of 69%: male literacy is 93%, and female literacy is 78%. In Sailana, 11% of the population is under 6 years of age. The sub-district has a high population of Scheduled tribes.

==Geography==
Sailana is located at {{Coord|23.47|N|74.92|E|}}.<ref>[http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/35/Sailana.html Falling Rain Genomics, Inc - Sailana]</ref> It has an average elevation of 479 metres (1,571 feet).

==Foundation of Sailana==
Raja Jai Singh wanted to shift his capital from Raoti to a safer location, he ordered the construction of his new capital close to the Kedareshwar temple and named it Jashnagar. While Jai Singh halted there with the intention of building a town, the god Kedareshwar appeared in his dream and told him that his temple was just below the hill on which Jashnagar stood, and the sewage of the new town would flow over the temple and defile it and he must therefore move east, selecting the spot on which he should kill and bury game. The god promised him that the town founded there would be healthy and prosperous. Accordingly, Raja Jai Singh rode out eastwards until he found a hare which he pierced with his spear and buried on the spot where the great Palace gate called Suraj Pole now stands. Raja Jai Singh named his new capital "Sailana" from its location at the foot of the hills (in [[Sanskrit language|Sanskrit]], ''anana'' means mouth and ''shaila'' means hills).<ref name="igi">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HSluAAAAMAAJ&q=Kedareshwar|title=Madhya Pradesh: Ratlam|year=1994|publisher=Government Central Press|page=369}}</ref>

==History==
[[File:Jaswant Singh II, the Raja of Sailana.jpg|thumb|Jaswant Singh II, Raja of Sailana State (r.1895–1919)]]
[[Sailana State]] was founded by Raja Jai Singh Rathore ({{reign|1716|1757}}), great-grandson of Maharaja [[Ratan Singh Rathore]]. In 1716 Jai singh took revenge against his uncle for the murder of his father, he killed him in a pitched battle at sagode and secured [[Ratlam]] for his elder brother. The two brothers then divided the state between themselves. Jai singh's capital was initially at [[Raoti]]. He built Sailana town as his new capital in 1736. He fought 22 battles in his lifetime, turning Sailana into an independent state.<ref>{{Cite book|title=States: A Biographical, Historical, and Administrative Survey|first=Arnold|last=Wright|page=632|year=2006|publisher=Asian Educational Services |isbn=9788120619654|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=47sfj8DUwNgC&q=sailana+state&pg=PA629|quote="The Ruler died at the age of 61 years, having, during his reign, fought no fewer than 22 battles."}}</ref><ref>Malwa in Transition Or a Century of Anarchy: The First Phase, 1698-1765 pg.123-125</ref> Jai Singh was succeeded by Jaswant Singh I, Ajab Singh, Mokham Singh and Lakshman Singh. The state was able to remain independent until it was invaded by [[Gwalior State]], the ruler Raja Lakshman Singh of Sailana initially opposed the incursions however in 1819 he approached the British for protection of his state. Sir John Malcom mediated a peace between Gwalior and Sailana and an agreement was signed according to which Gwalior promised not to interfere in the state of Sailana and Lakshman Singh promised to pay tribute to the British. Lakshman Singh was succeeded by Ratan Singh, Nahar Singh, Takhat Singh, Duleh Singh and Jaswant Singh II. Major improvements took place during Raja Jaswant Singh II's reign, which turned Sailana into a model state. Jaswant Singh II built schools, hospitals, roads, the clock arched gate, Kirti Stambh, a permanent court and organised the state police. Jaswant Singh II advocated temperance and vegetarianism and received many honours, which included the gold kaiser-I-hind medal, which he received for his work in the 1900 famine. The state would be further developed by his son Dilip Singh. Dilip Singh would improve the infrastructure of the state by building modern schools for both sexes and a hospital with a big maternity ward. Education was made free and compulsory, while medical aid was also provided free of charge during his reign. He took part in religious organisations and built the Krishna temple in Thanesar. He was also responsible for giving a democratic constitution to the local municipality. On 15 June 1948, Raja Dileep Singh signed the accession to the Indian Union.<ref>{{Cite book|title=States: A Biographical, Historical, and Administrative Survey|first=Arnold|last=Wright|page=632-634|year=2006|publisher=Asian Educational Services |isbn=9788120619654|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=47sfj8DUwNgC&q=sailana+state&pg=PA629|quote=}}</ref>

==Royal Cuisine==

In the days of the Princely era, Sailana was famous for its hospitality, cuisine and liquor. The tradition was started by Raja Sir Dilip Singh [[K.C.I.E]] of Sailana and was elaborated by his son Raja Digvijaya Singh. The Rajas of Sailana excelled in the culinary arts and invented many unique recipes apart from collecting recipes of bygone era from the Nizam of Hyderabad, Maharaja of Kashmir and Begum of Bhopal amongst others, from where emanated the most exotic culinary recipes. The recipes were translated from ancient recipe books in Sanskrit, Urdu and Persian to ensure that these recipes were preserved for posterity. The current head of the family, Vikram Singh, has a collection of more than 2,000 ancient recipes out of which only 164 have been made public through the cookbook, "Cooking Delights of the Maharajas" written by the former ruler of Sailana, Digvijay Singh.<ref>Cooking Delights of the Maharajas</ref><ref>Dining with the Maharajas pg. 194</ref>

==Cactus Garden==
The Sailana Cactus garden was built by Raja Digvijay Singh in 1960. The garden is behind the Sailana Palace and has rare species of cactus. It was the first of its kind in India and once had the biggest collection of cacti in Asia.<ref>Madhya Pradesh District Gazetteer: Ratlam pg.316 [https://books.google.com/books?id=3x8LAQAAIAAJ&q=sailana+cactus+garden]</ref>

==Kedareshwar Temples==
[[File:Kedareshwar udit.jpg|thumb|right|Kedareshwar temple.]]
[[File:Kedareshwar Mandir Sailana (M.P.).jpg|thumb|right|The small palace of Raja Duleh Singh built opposite the Kedareshwar temple.]]
The Kedareshwar temples (Bada Kedareshwar and Chota Kedareshwar) of Lord Shiva are famous in Sailana, there are two of them, both are 4 km from the fort in opposite directions. The temples are situated in man made caves carved out from a cliff of igneous rocks. The initial structure of Bada Kedareshwar was built by Raja Jai Singh (r.1736 – 1757), Raja Duleh Singh (r.1850 – 1895) later spent Rs.150,000 on the temple and built several structures in and around the temple including a man-made lake that flows over the temple. Chota Kedareshwar is built on a cliff which is surrounded by a small valley. From the top of the cliff, a small stream of monsoon rain water forms a waterfall and joins a small pond of water in the valley. From here a river originates and flows down into the plains of Rajasthan.<ref name="igi"/>

==Sailana Kharmour Bird Sanctuary==
{{Main|Sailana Kharmour Bird Sanctuary}}
{{See also|Salim Ali Bird Sanctuary|Thattekad Bird Sanctuary}}
[[File:Male Lesser Florican (crop).jpg|thumb|right|[[Lesser Florican]] or Kharmour are sighted in Sailana.]]

The Kharmour Bird Sanctuary, also known as Sailana Bird Sanctuary, is situated in Sailana Village of the Ratlam District. This sanctuary is spread in a total area of 13 km2 and was established in 1983. This sanctuary is home to and is named after the '[[Lesser Florican|Kharmour]]' bird, a very rare species; and it is also a major stop for a wide variety of migratory birds. It is also one of the breeding habitats of Lesser Florican in India. The famous [[Salim Ali (ornithologist)|ornithologist Salim Ali]] visited the sanctuary and spotted 89 species of birds. This sanctuary is part of the [[Khathiar-Gir dry deciduous forests]] [[ecoregion]].<ref name="WWF, SA: NI">{{WWF ecoregion |id=im0206 |name=Khathiar-Gir dry deciduous forests |accessdate=2017-01-29}}</ref> "This Sanctuary has been identified as an Internationally Important Bird Area. The habitat is predominantly tropical grassland interspersed with agricultural fields consisting of pure grasslands and grass patches in crop fields and grazing lands."<ref name=Fl/>

===Threat===
The Kharmour bird is facing a sharp decline due to encroachments and farming. The sanctuary in Sailana originally had teak and Palash trees. However, they have all been harvested and now the sanctuary is without any trees and is dominated by the grass Sehima nervosum-Chrysopogon fulvus. The use of pesticides on the encroached land has also led to a decline in insects, which has reduced the overall food source for the birds. The grassland continues to shrink without any intervention by the authorities.<ref name=Fl>{{cite web | url=https://newsroom24x7.com/2016/06/05/human-pressure-threatens-the-survival-of-the-magnificent-lesser-florican/ | title=Human pressure threatens the survival of the magnificent Lesser Florican | date=5 June 2016 }}</ref>

==Education==
The Government College in Sailana was founded in 1989. It is affiliated to [[Vikram University]], [[Ujjain]].

==Travelling distance from Sailana==
The nearest city is [[Ratlam]], 19 km from Sailana. Distances from other major places are,
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! City
! km
|-
| [[Ratlam]]
| 19
|-
| [[Ujjain]]
| 95
|-
| [[Indore]]
| 127
|-
| [[Mandu, Madhya Pradesh|Mandu]]
| 133
|-
| [[Maheshwar]]
| 158
|-
| [[Udaipur]]
| 175
|-
| [[Vadodara]]
| 219
|-
| [[Bhopal]]
| 256
|}

==See also==
* [[Sailana State]]
* [[Sailana (Vidhan Sabha constituency)]]
* [[Rathor Dynasty]]

==External links==
*
* {{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20200617220208/https://www.sailanapalace.com/ Sailana Palace]}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Ujjain Division}}

[[Category:Cities in Malwa]]
[[Category:Cities and towns in Ratlam district]]
[[Category:Khathiar-Gir dry deciduous forests]]

Ramdhanu

2026-03-18T10:37:32Z

ElijahCombs83: general enhance section as per guidelines and updated info per sources

{{EngvarB||date=July 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2014}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Ramdhanu
| image = Ramdhanu - The Rainbow.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = {{ubl|[[Nandita Roy]]|[[Shiboprosad Mukherjee]]}}
| producer = Atanu Raychaudhuri Windows Production Jalan International Films
| writer = [[Suchitra Bhattacharya]]
| starring = [[Rachna Banerjee]] [[Gargi Roychowdhury]] [[Shiboprosad Mukherjee]] [[Kharaj Mukherjee]] [[Suzanne Bernert]] Sasha Ghoshal Akashneel Mitra
| music = Vinit Ranjan Moitra Smriti Lala
| cinematography = [[Sirsha Ray]]
| editing = Moloy Laha
| released = {{Film date|2014|06|06|df=y}}
| country = India
| runtime = 135 minutes
| language = Bengali
| budget = 
| gross =
}}
'''''Ramdhanu''''' ({{Translation|The Rainbow}}) is a 2014 Bengali family drama film directed by [[Nandita Roy]] and [[Shiboprosad Mukherjee]]. It was adapted from [[Suchitra Bhattacharya]]'s short story, Ramdhanu Rawng. The film was produced by Windows and Jalan International Films and was presented by Atanu Raychaudhuri, [[Anirban Mitra]]. It released on 6 June 2014 and had performed well at the box office. The film has been cinematographed by Sirsha Ray and edited by Moloy Laha.<ref name="Mindspace">{{cite web|title=Newstream films raise the bar|url=http://epaperbeta.timesofindia.com//Article.aspx?eid=31812&articlexml=MINDSPACE-Newstream-films-raise-the-bar-26072014009055|archive-url=https://archive.today/20140825225318/http://epaperbeta.timesofindia.com//Article.aspx?eid=31812&articlexml=MINDSPACE-Newstream-films-raise-the-bar-26072014009055|url-status=dead|archive-date=25 August 2014|work=[[The Times of India]]|accessdate=26 July 2014}}</ref><ref name="Ramdhanu review">{{cite web|title=Packed shows for everyman's Ramdhanu|url=http://epaperbeta.timesofindia.com//Article.aspx?eid=31812&articlexml=Packed-shows-for-Everymans-Ramdhanu-16062014002024|archive-url=https://archive.today/20140825225513/http://epaperbeta.timesofindia.com//Article.aspx?eid=31812&articlexml=Packed-shows-for-Everymans-Ramdhanu-16062014002024|url-status=dead|archive-date=25 August 2014|work=[[The Times of India]]|accessdate=16 June 2014}}</ref> The film was remade in Malayalam as ''[[Salt Mango Tree]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/Bengali-film-remakes-make-a-comeback-on-national-screens/articleshow/49738239.cms|title=Bengali film remakes make a comeback on national screens - Times of India|publisher=}}</ref><ref name="Shiboprosad1">{{cite web|title=Ramdhanu director's antics leave audience in splits|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news-interviews/Ramdhanu-directors-antics-leave-audience-in-splits/articleshow/36389655.cms|work=[[The Times of India]]|accessdate=11 June 2014}}</ref><ref name="Shiboprosad interview1">{{cite web|title=Shiboprosad slept like a log to gain weight for Ramdhanu|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/did-you-know-/Shiboprosad-slept-like-a-log-to-gain-weight-for-Ramdhanu/articleshow/36766444.cms|work=[[The Times of India]]|accessdate=18 June 2014}}</ref>

==Background==
The Indian Parliament passed ‘The Right to Education Act’ or [[Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act|RTE Act]] - on 4 August 2009. One of the issues addressed in that was the school interviews. An order was passed that for admission, there should be no interviews of parents or children to ensure smooth enrollment for all. But was this ruling applicable to private schools? As the act took effect, private schools protested, claiming it violated their right to operate independently without government interference. The act was revised and made non-applicable to unaided, private, and boarding schools. And so the interview process continued in private schools, this time disguised as ‘interaction sessions’.

==Plot Synopsis==
Mitali (played by [[Gargi Roychowdhury]]) is a worried mother. Her 5-year-old son, Gogol (played by Akashneel Mitra), has once again failed to pass the admission test in a reputed school, and the application has been rejected. This is the fourth time, and Mitali gets desperate. She is determined to get her only son admitted into a reputed school. Laltu Dutta (played by [[Shiboprosad Mukherjee]]), her husband, owns a chemist's shop, and all his efforts centre around running his business successfully. He is completely attached to his family and tries to do his best to fulfil his wife's aspirations.

When one school after school starts rejecting Gogol, a despondent Mitali takes the advice of her friend and hires a teacher for Gogol's tuition. Soon, Mitali gets disappointed by the young teacher's casual attitude and decides to teach Gogol herself. Mitali's desperation worries Laltu, and he decides to go the extra mile to make his wife happy. He even approaches a tout and is willing to pay him a handsome amount if he can procure admission for his son. The tout claims that he can get his son admitted to any school for Rs 10 lakh. The sum is exorbitant. He does not know how to procure that amount. Should he terminate his fixed deposits? But that is his only savings! On the other hand, he cannot bear to see the disappointment on his wife's face each time their son gets rejected.

The family decides to go to Bolpur, in the district of Birbhum, West Bengal, where Mitali's parents reside. It is a special occasion as her brother is returning home from abroad after a long time, along with his foreign wife. The holiday turns out to be interesting as Jennifer, the brother's wife, shows her keenness to adapt traditional Bengali customs, learn the language, and insist on speaking Bengali. She terms Mitali's insistence on getting her son admitted to an English-medium school and learning the English language as ‘linguistic imperialism'.

While Gogol spends a wonderful holiday with his grandparents and his new aunt, Mitali is anxiously waiting for the interview call for her son. When it finally arrives, they rush back home. The three of them attend the interview, but this time, Mitali feels it was Laltu who had ruined her son's chances by giving ludicrous answers to the questions put by the school's interview board. Mitali is furious. But she is not the one to give up hope so easily. She readies herself for the final bid. On the advice of another parent, Mitali decides to enroll herself, along with her husband, in a school that coaches parents to conduct themselves at interviews. Laltu is very reluctant at first but finally gives in to his wife's persuasions.

What follows is a poignant but hilarious journey as Laltu tries to learn the language, etiquette, and build his confidence to face the toughest of situations. The teacher of the coaching school is a wonderful lady who helps them conduct themselves well at interviews and readies them to face difficulties and recognize the worth of life itself! Does Gogol finally get through to the interview? Will Mitali be able to fulfil her dreams, or does she learn a greater lesson from all this and the importance of her child's well-being? Does Gogol's love for the song of birds, the flight of kites, the rustling of the leaves, the wide expanse of the blue sky, get crushed by the ambitions of his parents? Does Mitali finally look deep into her son's eyes and realise what makes him truly happy? Does she finally follow her heart? Many such moments are captured in the story as it hurtles towards a dramatic climax.

==Cast==
* [[Gargi Roychowdhury]] as Mitali Dutta
* [[Shiboprosad Mukherjee]] as Laltu Dutta
* [[Rachana Banerjee]] as Madam
* [[Kharaj Mukherjee]] as Akash Singhania
* Akashneel Mitra as Gogol
* Rajat Ganguly as Sanju's father
* Rumki Chatterjee as Sanju's mother
* [[Chitra Sen]] as Mitali's mother in Bolpur
* Arijit Guha as Mitali's father in Bolpur
* Sasha Ghoshal Mitali's brother in Bolpur
* [[Suzanne Bernert]] as Mitali's sister-in-law in Bolpur.

==Box office==
After a decent 70% opening on 6 June, 'Ramdhanu' steadily attracted an audience, eventually settling for a 100% occupancy across theatres. While weekday collections rarely dropped below 70%, the weekends roared back to a near 100% occupancy. At Priya in south Kolkata, which had a single show, the collections crossed Rs 4.6 lakh in the very first week. Made on a budget of Rs 75 lakh, the film opened to a bumper response in the city, notching up more than Rs 70 lakh by the 3rd weekend and in turn, emerged as the most profitable film of the year so far. It eventually ran for 7 weeks in the direct centers of the city after which it continued for 2 more weeks in the shifted centers.<ref name="Ramdhanu Blockbuster">{{cite web|title=Ramdhanu takes on blockbusters|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/Ramdhanu-takes-on-blockbusters/articleshow/36628604.cms|work=[[The Times of India]]|accessdate=16 June 2014}}</ref><ref name="Ramdhanu blockbuster2">{{cite web|title=Ramdhanu breaks biggest blockbuster's records|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/ramdhanu-breaks-biggest-blockbuster-s-record-114062200010_1.html|publisher=[[Press Trust of India]]|accessdate=22 June 2014}}</ref>

==Response==
The film received a good response from the audience. The actors' performances were credited highly.<ref name="Ramdhanu Review1">{{cite web|title=Ramdhanu movie review|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movie-reviews/Ramdhanu/movie-review/36294707.cms|work=[[The Times of India]]|accessdate=9 June 2014}}</ref> The film also did well in the box-office, especially when it was released with another star studded [[Cinema of West Bengal|Bengali film]], ''[[Game (2014 film)|Game]]''. Quoting the Times of India review, "Ramdhanu is a family drama with a touch of innocence and simplicity that will make you want to watch it again."<ref name="Ramdhanu review2">{{cite web|title=Star-studded Game gets lukewarm response, Ramdhanu a hit|url=
http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news-interviews/Star-studded-Game-gets-lukewarm-response-Ramdhanu-a-hit/articleshow/36394092.cms|work=[[The Times of India]]|accessdate=11 June 2014}}</ref><ref name="Ramdhanu review3">{{cite web|title=Ramdhanu explores lost childhood|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/Ramdhanu-explores-lost-childhood/articleshow/35692831.cms|work=[[The Times of India]]|accessdate=29 May 2014}}</ref><ref name="Ramdhanu premiere1">{{cite web|title=Toddlers light up Ramdhanu premiere|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/Toddlers-light-up-Ramdhanu-premiere/articleshow/36297221.cms?|work=[[The Times of India]]|accessdate=9 June 2014}}</ref><ref name="Gargi Rachna pic">{{cite web|title=Gargi, Rachna celebrate Ramdhanu's success|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/In-Pics-Gargi-Rachna-celebrate-Ramdhanus-success/articleshow/38125127.cms|work=[[The Times of India]]|accessdate=10 July 2014}}</ref><ref name="film for family">{{cite web|title=Ramdhanu directors on making films for the family|url=http://epaper.telegraphindia.com/details/83240-17318671.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140903105833/http://epaper.telegraphindia.com/details/83240-17318671.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=3 September 2014|publisher=[[The Telegraph (Calcutta)|The Telegraph]]|accessdate=30 May 2014}}</ref><ref name="Ramdhanu review5">{{cite web|title=Inspiring revival of old values|url=http://www.thestatesman.net/news/59594-split-screen.html|publisher=[[The Statesman (India)|The Statesman]]|accessdate=14 June 2014}}</ref><ref name="Ramdhanu review6">{{cite web|title=Seven reasons why we loved Nandita-Shiboprosad's Ramdhanu|url=http://epaper.telegraphindia.com/details/88013-18623421.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140819102849/http://epaper.telegraphindia.com/details/88013-18623421.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=19 August 2014|publisher=[[The Telegraph (Calcutta)|The Telegraph]]|accessdate=21 June 2014}}</ref><ref name="Ramdhanunew">{{cite web|title=Admission guide for parents|url=http://epaperbeta.timesofindia.com/Article.aspx?eid=31812&articlexml=Admission-guide-for-parents-06062014101014|archive-url=https://archive.today/20140816090357/http://epaperbeta.timesofindia.com/Article.aspx?eid=31812&articlexml=Admission-guide-for-parents-06062014101014|url-status=dead|archive-date=16 August 2014|work=[[The Times of India]]|accessdate=6 June 2014}}</ref><ref name="Ramdhanunew2">{{cite web|title=The Myriad of Hues of Life|url=http://epaperbeta.timesofindia.com/Article.aspx?eid=31812&articlexml=THE-MYRIAD-HUES-OF-LIFE-09062014103007|archive-url=https://archive.today/20140816090356/http://epaperbeta.timesofindia.com/Article.aspx?eid=31812&articlexml=THE-MYRIAD-HUES-OF-LIFE-09062014103007|url-status=dead|archive-date=16 August 2014|work=[[The Times of India]]|accessdate=9 June 2014}}</ref><ref name="Ramdhanunew3">{{cite web|title=Confidently speaking wrong English is intrinsic to North Kolkata-Shiboprosad Mukherjee|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/Confidently-speaking-wrong-English-is-intrinsic-to-North-Kolkata-Shiboprosad-Mukherjee/articleshow/36661791.cms|work=[[The Times of India]]|accessdate=16 June 2014}}</ref><ref name="Ramdhanunew4">{{cite web|title=Children's film fest to kick off with Ramdhanu|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/Childrens-film-fest-to-kick-off-with-Ramdhanu/articleshow/37704061.cms?|work=[[The Times of India]]|accessdate=3 July 2014}}</ref><ref name="Interviewnew">{{cite web|title=Ramdhanu te kochi kachader niye Rachana Banerjee|url=http://www.ebela.in/details/18965-162213468.html|publisher=[[Ebela]]|accessdate=28 May 2014}}</ref><ref name="Dhonur Dhor">{{cite web|title=Dhonur dhor|url=http://www.ebela.in/details/19228-15408203.html|publisher=[[Ebela]]|accessdate=6 June 2014}}</ref><ref name="Interviewnew2">{{cite web|title=Interview with Shiboprosad Mukherjee, Nandita Roy and Atanu Raychoudhuri|url=http://www.ebela.in/details/19233-15445515.html|publisher=[[Ebela]]|accessdate=6 June 2014}}</ref><ref name="Reviewnew1">{{cite web|title=Ebela Film Review of Ramdhanu|url=http://www.ebela.in/details/19329-15562293.html|publisher=[[Ebela]]|accessdate=9 June 2014}}</ref><ref name="Ebela cover story">{{cite web|title=Interview with Gargi Roychoudhury|url=http://www.ebela.in/details/20150-16401671.html|publisher=[[Ebela]]|accessdate=9 July 2014}}</ref><ref name="Ramdhanunewadmission">{{cite web|title=Admission Season|url=http://www.epaper.eisamay.com/Details.aspx?id=10825&boxid=21454562|publisher=[[Ei Samay]]|accessdate=19 April 2014}}</ref><ref name="Ramdhanuadmission4">{{cite web|title=Ichher Ramdhanu-Interview with the directors|url=http://www.epaper.eisamay.com/Details.aspx?id=11092&boxid=13440|publisher=[[Ei Samay]]|accessdate=1 May 2014}}</ref>
<ref name="Ramdhanuichhedirector">{{cite web|title=Ichher Ramdhanu-Interview with the directors...|url=http://www.epaper.eisamay.com/Details.aspx?id=11093&boxid=13825859|publisher=[[Ei Samay]]|accessdate=1 May 2014}}</ref><ref name="Ramdhanutalkwithdirector">{{cite web|title=Director Shiboprosad Mukherjee talks of Ramdhanu|url=http://www.epaper.eisamay.com/Details.aspx?id=11820&boxid=235938218|publisher=[[Ei Samay]]|accessdate=6 June 2014}}</ref><ref name="Ramdhanuinterviewtalk">{{cite web|title=Director Shiboprosad Mukherjee talks of Ramdhanu|url=http://www.epaper.eisamay.com/Details.aspx?id=11821&boxid=12318734|publisher=[[Ei Samay]]|accessdate=6 June 2014}}</ref><ref name="Reviewnewz">{{cite web|title=Ei Samay Ramdhanu review|url=http://www.epaper.eisamay.com/Details.aspx?id=11967&boxid=14241343|publisher=[[Ei Samay]]}}</ref><ref name="Ramdhanujibon">{{cite web|title=Jiboner shatrong|url=http://www.aajkaal.net/14-06-2014/cat/20/tv/cinema/|publisher=[[Aajkaal]]|accessdate=14 June 2014}}</ref><ref name="Ramdhanunajarkaara">{{cite web|title=Moulik chhobi hishebe nojor karlo Ramdhanu|url=http://www.aajkaal.net/12-07-2014/cat/20/tv/cinema/|publisher=[[Aajkaal]]|accessdate=12 July 2014}}</ref>

==Remake==
[[Rajesh Nair]] has remade this film in Malayalam, by the name of ''[[Salt Mango Tree]]''. It released on 6 November 2015. Shiboprosad also quipped that they are also planning to remake the film in Hindi.<ref>{{cite web|title=Ramdhanu to be remade in Malayalam?|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/Ramdhanu-to-be-remade-in-Malayalam/articleshow/45035735.cms|work=The Times of India|accessdate=5 Nov 2014}}</ref>

==See also==
* ''[[Muktodhara]]''
* ''[[Accident (2012 film)|Accident]]''
* ''[[Icche]]''
* ''[[Alik Sukh]]''
* ''[[Hindi Medium]]''

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|3811914}}
{{Nandita Roy and Shiboprosad Mukherjee}}

[[Category:2014 films]]
[[Category:Bengali films remade in other languages]]
[[Category:Indian drama films]]
[[Category:Bengali-language Indian films]]
[[Category:2014 Bengali-language films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Nandita Roy and Shiboprosad Mukherjee]]
[[Category:Films based on works by Suchitra Bhattacharya]]
[[Category:Windows Production films]]

Koena Mitra

2026-03-16T15:39:17Z

ElijahCombs83: add structure also and updated info based on references

{{Short description|Indian actress and model (Born January 1984)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2016}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Koena Mitra
| image = File:KoenaMitra01.jpg
| image_size = 240px
| caption = Mitra in 2015
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1984|01|07}}
| birth_place = [[Kolkata|Calcutta]], [[West Bengal]], India
| occupation = Actress
| years_active = 2002–2019
| title =
| website =
| education = [[Lady Brabourne College]]
| height =
| awards =
}}
'''Koena Mitra''' ({{IPA|bn|kojena mitro}};<ref>{{Cite web |title=Koena Mitra News in Bengali, Videos and Photos about Koena Mitra - Anandabazar |url=https://www.anandabazar.com/topic/koena-mitra |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220108045716/https://www.anandabazar.com/topic/koena-mitra |archive-date=2022-01-08 |access-date=2025-11-15 |website=www.anandabazar.com}}</ref> born 7 January 1984)<ref name="bio">{{cite web |url=http://www.koenamitra.me/biography.html |title=Koena Mitra Biography |publisher=koenamitra.me |access-date=10 January 2011 |archive-date=17 March 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110317072624/http://www.koenamitra.me/biography.html |url-status=dead}}</ref> is an Indian actress, model and beauty pageant titleholder who represented India at Miss Intercontinental 2001 and placed Top 12. She also appears in [[Bollywood|Hindi films]] along with [[Tamil language|Tamil films]] and [[Bengali language|Bengali films]]. She is mostly known for her [[item numbers]] and for her appearance as Julie in the movie ''[[Apna Sapna Money Money]]''.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-details/apna-sapna-money-money/movieshow/61330499.cms|title=Apna Sapna Money Money Movie: Showtimes, Review, Trailer, Posters, News & Videos {{pipe}} eTimes|newspaper=The Times of India }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.outlookindia.com/magazine/story/apna-sapna-money-money/233230 | title=Apna Sapna Money Money | date=5 February 2022 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-reviews/apna-sapna-money-money/movie-review/401992.cms | title=Apna Sapna Money Money Movie Review {/5}: Critic Review of Apna Sapna Money Money by Times of India | website=[[The Times of India]] }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/apna-sapna-money-money/critic-review/apna-sapna-money-money-movie-review/ | title=Apna Sapna Money Money Review 2.5/5 {{pipe}} Apna Sapna Money Money Movie Review {{pipe}} Apna Sapna Money Money 2006 Public Review {{pipe}} Film Review | website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] | date=10 November 2006 }}</ref>

==Early life==
Mitra was born in [[Kolkata]], India, in a [[Bengalis|Bengali]] family.<ref name="bio"/> She attended [[Lee Strasberg Theatre and Film Institute]].

==Career==
[[File:KoenaMitra.jpg|alt=2006|thumb|Mitra in 2006]]

Mitra started her modelling career while she was still in school.<ref name="bio"/>

She was featured in several music videos, including [[Stereo Nation]]’s ''Ishq'', ''Aaj Ki Raat'', ''Akh Teri'', and ''Channo'' by [[Jasbir Jassi]]. Her first film appearance was a special appearance in [[Ram Gopal Varma]]'s ''[[Road (2002 film)|Road]]''.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2002-07-05 |title=Koena Mitra hits the Road with a song on her lips... |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/delhi-times/koena-mitra-hits-the-road-with-a-song-on-her-lips-/articleshow/15063994.cms |access-date=2025-11-07 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> In 2004, her biggest success came with [[Sanjay Dutt]] in ''[[Musafir (2004 film)|Musafir]]'', in the song ''O Saki Saki''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Koena Mitra: The dusky beauty's journey before entering Bigg Boss 13 |url=https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/bollywood-news/photo/Koena-Mitra-The-dusky-beautys-journey-before-entering-Bigg-Boss-13-63563/11 |access-date=2025-11-07 |website=Mid-day |language=en}}</ref> The movie was produced by [[Sanjay Gupta (director)|Sanjay Gupta]] and [[Sanjay Dutt]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/koena-mitra-on-nora-fatehi-s-o-saki-saki-it-was-too-early-to-kill-the-original-with-an-average-recreation/story-7ekqzKVSfP3YDy8rqnkrPP.html |title=Koena Mitra on Nora Fatehi's O Saki Saki: 'It was too early to kill the original with an average recreation' |work=Hindustan Times |date=16 July 2019}}</ref>

In 2005 she appeared in the film ''[[Ek Khiladi Ek Haseena (film)|Ek Khiladi Ek Haseena]]'' playing the role of Natasha.<ref>{{cite news |last=Pandohar |first=Jaspreet |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/films/2005/11/21/el_khiladi_ek_haseena_2005_review.shtml |title=Ek Khiladi Ek Haseena (The Player And The Beauty) (2005) |publisher=[[BBC]] |date=12 November 2005 |access-date=26 July 2018}}</ref> In the same year she appeared in her next film, ''[[Insan]]'' In 2006, she appeared in the film ''[[Apna Sapna Money Money]]'' acting as Julie.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kanetkar |first=Riddhima |title=Meet actress who worked in 12 films, one mistake ruined her career, then disappeared suddenly, she is now... |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/bollywood/report-meet-actress-koena-mitra-who-worked-in-12-films-one-mistake-ruined-her-career-disappeared-suddenly-is-now-3085614 |access-date=2025-11-07 |website=DNA India |language=en}}</ref> In 2007, she appeared in the films ''[[Om Shanti Om]]'' and ''[[Heyy Babyy]]'' as herself.

In 2009, she participated in the third season of ''[[Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa]]''.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2009-04-29 |title=Koena Mitra's ready for more TV |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/koena-mitras-ready-for-more-tv/articleshow/4458962.cms |access-date=2025-11-07 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> In 2019 she was a contestant in Colors TV's reality show, ''[[Bigg Boss (Hindi season 13)|Bigg Boss 13]]''.<ref name=":0">{{cite web |url=https://www.abplive.in/television/bigg-boss-13-did-koena-mitra-confirm-her-participation-in-salman-khans-show-with-this-cryptic-tweet-1081958 |title=Bigg Boss 13: Did Koena Mitra CONFIRM Her Participation In Salman Khan's Show With THIS Cryptic Tweet? |date=27 September 2019 |access-date=30 September 2019 |archive-date=30 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190930212043/https://www.abplive.in/television/bigg-boss-13-did-koena-mitra-confirm-her-participation-in-salman-khans-show-with-this-cryptic-tweet-1081958 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/bigg-boss-13-contestant-koena-mitra-it-would-be-a-struggle-to-live-with-strangers-in-the-house-6038937/ |title=Bigg Boss 13 contestant Koena Mitra: It would be a struggle to live with strangers |date=30 September 2019}}</ref> She entered the house on 29 September 2019 and was evicted on 13 October.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/bigg-boss-13-koena-mitra-gets-evicted-6067520/ |title=Koena Mitra gets evicted from Bigg Boss 13 |date=14 October 2019}}</ref>

==In the media==
In 2019, Mitra was among the ten most searched personalities in India on [[Google]].<ref name="auto4">{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/bigg-boss-13s-sidharth-shukla-in-10-most-searched-personalities-on-google-in-2019-koena-mitra-too-finds-a-spot/articleshow/72482601.cms |title=Bigg Boss 13's Sidharth Shukla in 10 most searched personalities on Google in 2019; Koena Mitra too finds a spot - Times of India |website=The Times of India |language=en |access-date=18 January 2020 |archive-date=20 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191220003951/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/bigg-boss-13s-sidharth-shukla-in-10-most-searched-personalities-on-google-in-2019-koena-mitra-too-finds-a-spot/articleshow/72482601.cms |url-status=live}}</ref>

==Filmography==
===Films===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Title
! Role
! class="unsortable" | Notes
|-
| 2002
| ''[[Road (2002 film)|Road]]''
|Special appearance
| in Number "Khullam Khulla"
|-
| 2003
| ''[[Dhool]]''
|Special appearance
| Tamil film, in "Koduva Meesai" item song
|-
| 2004
| ''[[Musafir (2004 film)|Musafir]]''
| Lara
|
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2005
| ''[[Ek Khiladi Ek Haseena (film)|Ek Khiladi Ek Haseena]]''
| Natasha Kapoor
|
|-
| ''[[Insan]]''
| Sonali Rathod
|
|-
| 2006
| ''[[Apna Sapna Money Money]]''
| Julie Fernandez
|
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2007
| ''[[Heyy Babyy]]''
|Special appearance
| in the song "Heyy Babyy"
|-
| ''[[Aggar (film)|Aggar]]''
|
|
|-
| 2008
| ''[[Anamika (2008 film)|Anamika]]''
| Malini
|
|-
| 2009
| ''[[Ayan (film)|Ayan]]''
|
| Tamil film, in song "Honey Honey"
|-
| 2015
| ''[[Besh Korechi Prem Korechi]]''
| Kajal
|
|-
|}

===Television===
{| class="wikitable"
! Year
! Name
! Role
! Notes
|-
| 2007
| ''Fear Factor India''
| rowspan="3" | Contestant
| Finalist
|-
| 2009
| ''[[Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa (season 3)|Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa 3]]''
| Wild card entrant, eliminated
|-
| 2019
| ''[[Bigg Boss (Hindi season 13)|Bigg Boss 13]]''
| Evicted on Day 14
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb name|1239827}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mitra, Koena}}
[[Category:1984 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian film actresses]]
[[Category:Female models from Kolkata]]
[[Category:Bengali actresses|Mitra Koena]]
[[Category:Bengali people]]
[[Category:Lady Brabourne College alumni]]
[[Category:University of Calcutta alumni]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]
[[Category:Actresses in Hindi cinema]]
[[Category:21st-century Bengali people]]

Ekta Nagar–Rewa Mahamana Express

2026-03-14T04:46:48Z

ElijahCombs83: adding entry

{{short description|Train in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2025}}
{{italic title}}
{{Infobox rail service
| color = 800080
| name = Ekta Nagar–Rewa Mahamana Express
| logo = Ministry of Railways India.svg
| image =
| image_width =
| caption =
| type = [[Mahamana Express]]
| locale =
| first = * Inaugural :- {{start date and age|df=yes|2019|03|09}}
* Extension :- {{start date and age|df=yes|2021|01|17}} (extended upto {{stnlnk|Ekta Nagar}})<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/vadodara/trains-to-sou-gets-in-principle-approval-from-railway-board/articleshow/79309329.cms|title = Trains to SoU gets in-principle approval from railway board | Vadodara News - Times of India|website = [[The Times of India]] | date=20 November 2020 }}</ref>
| last =
| operator = [[Western Railway zone|Western Railway]]
| ridership =
| start = {{stnlnk|Ekta Nagar}} (EKNR)
| stops = 16
| end = {{stnlnk|Rewa}} (REWA)
| distance = {{convert|1339|km|0|abbr=on}}
| journeytime = 22 hrs 20 mins
| frequency = Weekly {{efn|Runs one day in a week for every direction.}}
| class = AC First Class, AC 2 Tier, AC 3 Tier, Sleeper Class, General Unreserved
| seating = Yes
| sleeping = Yes
| autorack =
| catering = Available
| observation = Large windows
| entertainment =
| baggage = No
| otherfacilities = Below the seats
| stock = [[LHB coach]]
| gauge = {{track gauge|1676mm|al=on|allk=on}}
| electrification =
| trainnumber = 20905 / 20906
| speed = {{convert|60|km/h|0|abbr=on}} average including halts.
| map = {{Ekta Nagar–Rewa MB Express Route}}
| map_state =
}}

The 20905 / 20906 '''Ekta Nagar–Rewa Mahamana Express''' is a [[Superfast Express trains in India|Superfast]] train belonging to [[Western Railway zone]] that runs between {{stnlnk|Ekta Nagar}} and {{stnlnk|Rewa}} in India.<ref>{{cite web| url=https://www.patrika.com/rewa-news/rewa-to-vadodara-train-run-from-9-march-4249635/| title=Rewa to Vadodara train run from March 9| website=Patrika| date=8 March 2019|language=hi}}</ref>

It is currently being operated with 20905/20906 train numbers on a weekly basis.<ref>{{cite web| url=https://indiarailinfo.com/train/timetable/vadodara-rewa-mahamana-express-20905/96591/63/2333| title=20905/Ekta Nagar – Rewa Mahamana Express| website=India Rail Info}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url=https://indiarailinfo.com/train/timetable/rewa-vadodara-mahamana-express-20906/96592/2333/63| title=20906/Rewa – Ekta Nagar Mahamana Express| website=India Rail Info}}</ref>

==Coach composition==

The train has LHB rakes with a maximum speed of 110 km/h. The train consists of 23 coaches:

* 1 First AC
* 2 AC II Tier
* 5 AC III Tier
* 8 Sleeper coaches
* 1 Pantry car
* 4 General Unreserved
* 2 EOG cum Luggage Rake

==Service==

20905/Ekta Nagar – Rewa Mahamana Express has an average speed of 60 km/h and covers 1339 km in 22 hrs 20 mins.

20906/Rewa – Ekta Nagar Mahamana Express has an average speed of 65 km/h and covers 1339 km in 20 hrs 45 mins.

== Route and halts ==

The important halts of the train are:

* '''{{stnlnk|Ekta Nagar}}'''
* {{stnlnk|Vadodara}}
* {{stnlnk|Bharuch Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Surat}}
* {{stnlnk|Amalner}}
* {{stnlnk|Jalgaon Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Bhusaval Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Khandwa Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Itarsi Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Pipariya}}
* {{stnlnk|Gadarwara}}
* {{stnlnk|Narsinghpur}}
* {{stnlnk|Jabalpur Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Katni Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Maihar}}
* {{stnlnk|Satna Junction}}
* '''{{stnlnk|Rewa}}'''

==Traction==

Both trains are hauled by a [[Electric Loco Shed, Vadodara|Vadodara Loco Shed]]-based [[WAP-7]] or [[WAP-5]] (HOG)-equipped locomotive from Ekta Nagar to Rewa and vice versa.

==Rake sharing==

The train shares its rake with 20903/20904 [[Ekta Nagar–Varanasi Mahamana Express]].

== See also ==

* [[Ekta Nagar railway station]]
* [[Rewa railway station]]
* [[Mahamana Express]]

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Railways in Eastern India}}
{{Railways in Western India}}
{{Western Railway}}
{{Mahamana Express}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ekta Nagar-Rewa Mahamana Express}}
[[Category:Rail transport in Gujarat]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Transport in Vadodara]]
[[Category:Transport in Rewa, Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Mahamana Express trains]]
[[Category:Memorials to Madan Mohan Malaviya]]
[[Category:Railway services introduced in 2019]]

{{India-express-train-stub}}

Lonand

2026-03-11T00:48:35Z

ElijahCombs83: Starting a post

{{refimprove|date=June 2019}}

{{Infobox settlement
| name = Lonand
| official_name =
| area_code = +91-02169
| image_alt =
| pushpin_map = India Maharashtra
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| coordinates = 18.0404°N 74.1872°E
| demographics_type1 = Language
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Marathi language|Marathi]]
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 597
| established_date =
| established_title = 
| founder = Shelake patil
| governing_body = Municipal Council
| Government type =
| image_caption =
| image_skyline =
| named_for =
| population_demonym = Lonandkar
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_footnotes =
| population_total = 45,494
| postal_code = 415521
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Maharashtra, India
| registration_plate = MH-11
| settlement_type = City
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_name1 = [[Maharashtra]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Satara district|Satara]]
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| unit_pref = Metric
| website = {{URL|https://www.satara.gov.in/en/public-utility/municipal-council-lonand/}}
}}

'''Lonand''' is a city and municipal council in [[Satara district]], [[Maharashtra]]. It is 227km from Mumbai, 81km from Pune, 47km from Wai & Satara, 179km from Sangli and 30km from Phaltan.

== Geography ==
Lonand is located at {{Coord|18.0404|N|74.1872|E|region:IN_type:city}}.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.google.co.in/maps/place/Lonand,+Maharashtra+415521/@18.0409495,74.174044,14z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0x3bc253666bf7152f:0x49d441d7463db7f7!8m2!3d18.041706!4d74.1861821|title=Lonand|website=Lonand|language=en|access-date=2019-03-21}}</ref> It has an average elevation of 597 metres (1961 feet).<ref name=lonand>{{Cite web|url=http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/16/Lonand.html|title=Maps, Weather, and Airports for Lonand, India|website=www.fallingrain.com|access-date=2019-03-21}}</ref> It is situated on the banks of Khemavati river at the border of Pune district and Satara district.

The villages of Nimbodi, Padali, Khed, Tambave, Kaapadgaon, Chavanwadi, Koregaon, Balupatlachi Wadi, Padegaon, Andori, Pimpre, and Pargaon-Khandala are situated near Lonand.

The cities of Phaltan, Baramati, Saswad, Jejuri, Wai, Satara, and Pune are also located near Lonand.

== Features ==
Landmarks in the city include Punyaslok Ahilyadevi Chowk, Mahatma Jotiba Fule Chowk, Adv. Balasaheb Nagar, Morya Nagar, Maharani Saibai Bhosale Housing Society, Mauli Nagar Adv. Balasaheb Bagwan Sonzari grihnirman society, Punjab Colony Thombare mala, Bhise Vasti-Shirwal naka, Vinayakrao Shelke Patil vasti (Shelke Mala), Maitree Park (Jotiba Nagar), Dr Babasaheb Ambedkar Chowk, Bajartal (Rajmata Chowk), Navi Peth, Juni bhaji Mandai, Kaalvat Mala, SP College Lonand, Market Yard (Krushi utpanna bajar samiti), Shelke Galli, Brahmin Ali, Mali Aali, Jambhalicha Mala, Gote Maal, Biroba Vasti, Indiranagar, Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj chowk, Umaji Naik Chowk, Punjab colony, Tanaji chowk, and the Lonand Bus Stand MIDC Lonand. <ref name="lonand" />

Lonand has a railway junction.

== Transportation ==
Lonand is connected to neighbouring areas by both trains and the road. It is about 227km from the city of Mumbai, 81km from Pune, and 47km from Satara. You can reach the town of [[Wai, Maharashtra|Wai]] by the road Lonand-Khandala-Wai. The [[National Highway 48 (India)|National Highway 48]] is 20km away from Lonand. It's surrounded by eight talukas of the Pune and Satara districts.

=== National Highway & State Highway ===
The National Highway 48 passes by 20km from Lonand. The state highways Satara-Lonand-Pune and Pune-Lonand-Phaltan-Pandharpur goes by Lonand. Satara-Shirur Highway and Mahad-Pandharpur Highway also pass through Lonand.

=== Railways ===

* Lonand Railway Station

The [[Karad railway station]] is located in Lonand, and it is on a rail line from Mumbai to Miraj, Pune, Satara Sangli, Kolhapur, and Bangalore. You can reach Lonand from Mumbai or Pune easily by road or rail . Trains that pass through Lonand include the [[Mahalaxmi Express]], the [[Koyna Express]], the [[Goa Express]], the [[Sahyadri Express]], the [[Sharavati Express]], the [[Dadar–Puducherry Chalukya Express]] and the [[Dadar–Tirunelveli Chalukya Express]].

== Economy ==
Lonand is surrounded by land used for agricultural purposes. Lonand is famous for its onions. Lonand and nearby villages are producers of onion and sugarcane. Wheat, maize, and [[sorghum]] are also commonly-grown crops in the area. Farmers produces all types of vegetables, including grapes in large amounts.

Lonand has a big market place and Maharashtra's second largest Market Yard (Krushi Utpanna Bajar Samiti Lonand) after Nashik for onions.

Lonand has a Nagar Parishad (Municipal Council) which provides required facilities to peoples, and manage, rules, and looks into cultural and financial affairs and work for the improvement and betterment of Lonand. Mrs. Seema Kharat is the Nagaradhyaksha of Lonand.

Lonand has the MIDC (Maharashtra Industrial Development Corporation) in its vicinity which boasts many industries employing people in the Satara District.

Businesses in Lonand include Sona Alloys Pvt. Ltd., Indus Biotech Ltd., Sahyadri Group, Bharat Gears, Privilage Industries, Decimen Control System Pvt. Ltd., Prathmesh Briquate Ltd., and Pushpak Infracon.

==Education==
Schools in Lonand include:
*Sharadchandra Pawar Mahavidyalaya Lonand (Shivaji University Kolhapur)
* Rayat shikshan Sanstha's New English School and junior college(For girl's), Lonand -
* Vishwajyot International School- CBSE<ref>{{Cite web|title=CBSE Schools in Lonand, Satara - Vishwajyot International School|url=https://www.vishwajyot.com/lonand/|access-date=2022-01-08|website=Vishwajyot High School Kharghar - Ranked #1 School in Navi Mumbai}}</ref>
* Sahyadri Public School Lonand
* Mount Carmel Convent School Lonand
* St. Ann's English Medium School
* Zilla Parishad Prathmik school for Boys and Girls
* Malojiraje Vidyalaya And Junior College

== Cityscape ==
Other buildings in Lonand include:
* Lonand Railway Junction Station
* Lonand Nagarparishad Lonand
* Police Station Lonand
* Indiapost office Lonand
* Shaskiya Prathmik Arogya Kendra (Government Hospital)
* Shaskiy Prani Rugnalay (Government Animal Hospital)
* MSRTC Bus Stand
* Government Guest House
* Talathi Office
* MIDC Lonand
* Malojiraje Vidyalay & Junior College Lonand.
* Sharadchandra Pawar Mahavidyalay Lonand
* Krishi Utpanna Bajara Samiti Lonand (Market Yard)
* Maitree Park (Jotiba Nagar)

== References ==
<mapframe latitude="18.039789" longitude="74.187326" zoom="13" width="200" height="122" align="right" />
<references /> 

[[Category:Satara district]]

Vaisakhi List

2026-03-08T02:54:20Z

ElijahCombs83: Put up basic post initial version

{{short description|2016 Indian film by Smeep Kang}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2016}}

{{Infobox film
| name = Vaisakhi List
| image = Vaisakhi List - Poster.jpg
| alt =
| caption =
| director = [[Smeep Kang]]
| producer = Munish Sahni
| writer =
| screenplay = Vaibhav Suman Shreya Srivastava
| story = Vaibhav Suman Shreya Srivastava
| based_on =
| starring = [[Jimmy Sheirgill]] [[Shruti Sodhi]] [[Sunil Grover]] [[Jaswinder Bhalla]] [[B.N. Sharma]] [[Binnu Dhillon]]
| narrator =
| music = [[Jaidev Kumar]]
| cinematography = [[Binendra Menon]]
| editing = Ajay Sharma
| studio = Amolak Singh Gakhal Gakhal Bros. Ent. Rajesh Banga
| distributor = [[White Hill Studios]] & Gakhal Entertainment Inc.
| released = {{Film date|2016|04|22|df=y}}
| runtime = 133 minutes
| country = [[India]]
| language = [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]
}}

'''''Vaisakhi List'''''<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.mediapunjab.com/news?news_id=10812|title=MediaPunjab - ਸੱਜਣ ਕੁਮਾਰ ਨੂੰ ਉਮਰ ਕੈਦ ਨਹੀ ਫਾਸੀ ਹੋਵੇ ਮਲੋਆ|website=www.mediapunjab.com}}</ref> is a 2016 [[Cinema of Punjab|Punjabi film]] directed by [[Smeep Kang]], starring [[Jimmy Sheirgill]], [[Shruti Sodhi]] and [[Sunil Grover]] as the main cast. The film was released on 22 April 2016.<ref name="Service 2">{{cite web| title=Star cast of 'Vaisakhi List' comes calling to city| website=www.tribuneindia.com| date=24 April 2016| url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/news/ludhiana/community/star-cast-of-vaisakhi-list-comes-calling-to-city/225858.html| access-date=24 April 2016| archive-date=25 April 2016| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160425113111/http://www.tribuneindia.com/news/ludhiana/community/star-cast-of-vaisakhi-list-comes-calling-to-city/225858.html| url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="India 2016">{{cite web | title=Sunil Grover's first look from his debut Punjabi film 'Vaisakhi List', see here | website=The Indian Express | date=2 March 2016 | url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/regional/sunil-grover-debut-film-vaisakhi-list-first-look-jimmy-sheirgill-see-here/ | access-date=13 March 2016}}</ref><ref name="Offensive 2016">{{cite web | title=First look: Sunil Grover's debut Punjabi film 'Vaisakhi List' | website=The Times of India | date=8 March 2016 | url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/punjabi/movies/First-look-Sunil-Grovers-debut-Punjabi-film-Vaisakhi-List/articleshow/51314506.cms | access-date=13 March 2016}}</ref><ref name="IANS 2016">{{cite web | title=Sunil Grover ready for 'new beginnings' | website=GulfNews | date=2 March 2016 | url=http://gulfnews.com/life-style/celebrity/desi-news/bollywood/sunil-grover-ready-for-new-beginnings-1.1683263 | access-date=13 March 2016}}</ref><ref name="ABP Live 2016">{{cite web | title=Sunil Grover set for 'new beginnings' | website=ABP Live | date=2 March 2016 | url=http://www.abplive.in/television/sunil-grover-set-for-new-beginnings-300182 | access-date=13 March 2016}}</ref><ref name="India West 2016">{{cite web | title=Jimmy Sheirgill Embarks on North America Tour to Promote 'Vaisakhi List' | website=India West | date=17 April 2016 | url=http://www.indiawest.com/entertainment/global/jimmy-sheirgill-embarks-on-north-america-tour-to-promote-vaisakhi/article_4deb9c46-0425-11e6-9acf-dfdffc156581.html | access-date=24 April 2016 | archive-date=24 April 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160424031704/http://www.indiawest.com/entertainment/global/jimmy-sheirgill-embarks-on-north-america-tour-to-promote-vaisakhi/article_4deb9c46-0425-11e6-9acf-dfdffc156581.html | url-status=dead }}</ref>
The movie is loosely based on the 2002 Korean movie ''[[Jail Breakers]]''.

==Plot==
{{long plot|date=August 2017}} 
Prisoner Tarsem Lal is seen coming out of a hole in the jail's garden, and is almost caught by Jailer Jalaur Singh Johal, who is very friendly with the prisoners. After talking to each other, they hear another prisoner, Jarnail Singh, arguing with Aman, a girl who was his bride-to-be before being arrested.

After arguing with Aman, Tarsem Lal goes to comfort Jarnail, and asks about the argument. Jarnail tells his story. Before being arrested, Jarnail was a dairy farmer who sold milk in the village. He goes to meet Aman's family, and wants to marry her. Aman, talking to Jarnail privately, says that she wants a love marriage, while Aman's brother wants her to marry his friend, in exchange for drugs. Jarnail decides to refuse the marriage proposal on Aman's behalf, and tells his friend, Baljit.

Sometime later, Jarnail finds that Aman teaches English to the elderly. Jarnail decides to join Aman's class, and Aman eventually falls in love with him. Jarnail goes back to Aman's family, and re-establish the marriage proposal, but Aman's brother seems unhappy.

On the way back home from Aman's house, he is stopped and checked by a Police officer, who finds opium in one of his milk cans. Although Jarnail claims innocence, he is still arrested, and Aman's family breaks ties with him. Jarnail believes that Aman's brother is responsible for his arrest, but Aman doesn't believe him. Aman came to the jail today to tell him that her marriage is fixed, and she will be married tomorrow, on Vaisakhi. Tarsem then tells Jarnail that they can escape the jail, but Jarnail, who knows that Tarsem has tried escaping multiple times, doesn't believe him.

Later, Tarsem tells his story. Prior to his arrest, Tarsem sold toys on his bike, and his only joy was his son. While he wanted his son to go to school, he wasn't worried about his son's grades, only that his son was happy. One day, while walking his son back from school, a police officer almost runs over Tarsem's son on his scooter. Tarsem, angry at the officer, slaps him. He is arrested for attacking an officer. While his original time in prison was supposed to be for a few months, his multiple attempts at escaping(including pole-vaulting over the walls, have failed, and have caused him to increase his jail time. Tarsem tells Jarnail that his only reason for escaping is so he can see his son again. Jarnail asks Tarsem how he plans to escape. Tarsem explains that he dug a tunnel in the jail's garden, and that he has a copy of each cell block's keys. 
That night, Jarnail and Tarsem escape through the tunnel, and steal two guys' shirts and car. Jarnail drops Tarsem off at his house, and Jarnail goes to Aman's house. Aman and Jarnail elope. Tarsem goes to see his grandparents, but they are all unhappy to see him, as he tells that he escaped, when he had only one month left. Tarsem then sees son, but when his son unwilling to come with him, Tarsem is hurt. He then stays outside the house, hoping his son will forgive him.

The next morning, Jalaur is preparing the jail for a [[Vaisakhi]] Celebration, and the Jail Minister is coming. He also asks for the constables to bring Jarnail and Tarsem to his office, but they are nowhere to be found.

Jarnail and Aman make a stop, where Jarnail wants to call Jalaur, as he doesn't want Jalaur's job to suffer for his and Tarsem's escape. Jalaur answers, in a good mood, although surprised that Jarnail is calling him. Jalaur tells Jarnail that he has a surprise for him: On Vaisakhi day, those who were arrested for minor crimes are to be released, which includes Jarnail and Tarsem. Jarnail tells Jalaur that they escaped through a tunnel last night. Jalaur then tells Jarnail to find Tarsem and get back to the jail via the tunnel as soon as possible, or they will all be in trouble. Jalaur then tells the constables to keep Jarnail and Tarsem's escape a secret, and find Tarsem's tunnel. They do, but fill it with sand before telling Jalaur, who is now more upset.

Jarnail and Aman go back and find Tarsem, and show him today's newspaper. He shows it to his son, where it shows that Tarsem and Jarnail are to be officially released. Tarsem then leaves, saying he'll be back once his name is cleared.

Tarsem and Jarnail first stop at Baljit house. At first, Jarnail talks to Baljit, as he wants Baljit to hide Aman from her family until his name is cleared. However, Aman calls Jarnail back when Baljit is not looking, as Aman is engaged to Baljit. The three then head back to the prison, while avoiding Aman's brother.

Meanwhile, Tarsem's brother-in-law, Bheem, sees in the newspaper about Tarsem's release, and goes to the prison to greet him. However, after finding out that Tarsem escaped, Jalaur has Bheem take one of his constables to Tarsem's favorite places, so that they can find Tarsem.

As Tarsem and Jarnail are driving back to the prison, they are chased by a police officer, along with the people that they stole the car from. Fortunately, Bheem and the constable are nearby and stall the constable.

Meanwhile, Jalaur must stall a pair of news-reporters(one who is the niece of the Jail Minister), who want to interview Tarsem and Jarnail. After trying to get them to eat sweets and snacks, as well as give them a tour of the place, Jalaur decides to scare them by giving them two other prisoners to interview, who are also named Tarsem and Jarnail, but have only been recently been put in prison for 1st-degree murder.

As Tarsem and Jarnail are getting close, they are soon stopped by Baljit, Baljit's father, and some thugs. He tells him that he is here for Aman, as they are getting married today, and reveals that he wanted to marry Aman before. After Jarnail's first marriage proposal broke, Baljit sent his own proposal, which broke after Aman agreed to marrying Jarnail. Baljit angry, decided to hide drugs in Jarnail's milk cans, and told the police officer to check the cans when Jarnail came by. Baljit won't allow Jarnail to pass unless he leaves Aman. Jarnail, with help from Tarsem then fights Baljit and his thugs. After knocking them out, they continue on their way.

At the prison, the Jail Minister, MLA Satpal Mander, and his assistant has arrived, making Jalaur even more nervous. Jalaur and the constables then try and stall the Minister, hoping Tarsem and Jarnail hurry and arrive.

Once outside the prison walls, Tarsem goes to the tunnel entrance, only to find that it's been filled with sand. Knowing it would take too long to dig out the sand, the two then try multiple ways to get over the walls, all which fail. As Jarnail suggests pole-vaulting over, Tarsem starts giving up hope. Jarnail convinces him that he will do it, that he must do it, for his son's sake.

At the same time, The Jail Minister is making a speech, and then asks Jalaur to come up and say a few words before bringing out Tarsem and Jarnail. Jalaur, feeling hopeless, decides to come clean. However, before he can admit the pair's escape, Tarsem and Jarnail jump and land in front of everyone.

Tarsem and Jarnail's release is officially signed. As the Jail Minister is leaving, his assistant says that it seemed like they broke in by the way they appeared. However, the Jail Minister ignores this. Tarsem meets with his family, and he and his son reconcile. Jarnail meets with Aman's family, having learned of Baljit's trickery and once again fix the alliance between Jarnail and Aman.

==Cast==
* [[Jimmy Sheirgill]] as Jarnail Singh
* [[Shruti Sodhi]] as Aman
* [[Sunil Grover]] as Tarsem Lal
* [[Jaswinder Bhalla]] as Jailer Jalaur Singh Johal
* [[Binnu Dhillon]] as MLA Satpal Mandher
* [[Rana Ranbir]] as Bheem Chand (Tarsem's brother-in-law)
* [[B.N. Sharma]] as Sub-Inspector Bahadur Singh
* [[Bal Mukand Sharma]] as Head Constable Tulsi Das
* [[Prince Kanwaljit Singh]] as Head Constable Baljeet Singh
* [[Nisha Bano]] as News reporter
* [[Mannat Singh]] as Second news reporter
* [[Pukhraj Bhalla]] as Guri (Aman's brother)
* [[Seema Kaushal]] as Balbir Kaur (Aman's mother)
* [[Sunny Gill]] as Aman's father
* [[Gurinder Dimpy]] as Jeeta (MLA's PA)
* [[Abhiroy Cheema]] as Baljeet
* [[Darshan Aulakh]] as Inspector in town
* [[Gurpreet Bhangu]] as Tarsem's mother-in-law
* [[Vijay Tandon]] as Tarsem's father-in-law
* [[Anmol Verma]] as Tarsem's son
* [[Gurbachchan Singh]] as Chacha
* [[Harpal Singh]] as Jarnail (another qaidi in jail)
* [[Gurinder Makna]] as Tarsem (another qaidi in jail)
* Harby Sangha as Jeep owner (guest appearance)
* [[Karamjit Anmol]] as Cyclist (guest appearance)
* [[Naresh Kathooria]] as Cycle rider
* [[Jaswinder Makrauna]] as Binder (Guri's friend)

== Release ==
Vaisakhi List was released on April 22, 2016.

=== Home Media Release ===
The movie is available on the [[Chaupal (streaming)|Chaupal]] OTT platform for streaming.

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{IMDb title|5270366}}
* [http://www.tribuneindia.com/news/life-style/gyan-zone/i-have-seen-punjabi-cinema-grow-jimmy/216128.html I have seen Punjabi cinema grow: Jimmy]

[[Category:2016 films]]
[[Category:Punjabi-language Indian films]]
[[Category:2016 Punjabi-language films]]
[[Category:Indian remakes of South Korean films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Jaidev Kumar]]
[[Category:Indian buddy comedy films]]
[[Category:Films about prison escapes]]
[[Category:Films set in Punjab, India]]
[[Category:Films shot in Punjab, India]]
[[Category:Indian prison drama films]]

Haiwan (film)

2026-03-03T23:27:36Z

ElijahCombs83: creating some data v1!

{{more citations needed|date=May 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Haiwan
| image = Haiwan.jpg

| caption =
| director = Ram Rano
| producer =
| writer =
| narrator =
| starring =
| music = [[Bappi Lahiri]]
| cinematography =
| editing =
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|1977}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| budget =
| gross =
}}

'''''Haiwan''''' is a 1977 [[Bollywood]] [[musical film]] thriller directed by Ram Rano.

==Cast==
*[[Deb Mukherjee]]
*[[Joy Mukherjee]]
*[[Prema Narayan]]
*[[Nazneen]]

==Songs==
#"Dekho Ye Naari Hai Khota" – [[Kishore Kumar]]
#"Jaane Na Jaane Na Dil Lena" – Krishna Mukherjee
#"Jai Jai Ma" – Krishna Mukherjee
#"Maan Na Maan Mai Teri Mehmaan" – Krishna Mukherjee, [[Amit Kumar (singer)|Amit Kumar]]
#"Mai Haiwan Hu Haiwan Hu" – [[Bappi Lahiri]]
#"Monalisa O Meri Jaan" – Krishna Mukherjee, Shailendra Singh
#"O Deewani Raja Raani Kahani" – [[Amit Kumar (singer)|Amit Kumar]]
#"Pyari Pyari Rut Deewani Mere Sathi" – Krishna Mukherjee, [[Manhar Udhas]]
#"Pagal Pagal Hai Ye Mausum" – [[Hemant Kumar]], [[Asha Bhosle]]
#"Humdum Jhoom Le Zara Mausam Bhi Hai Pyaar Ka" – [[Mohammed Rafi]]

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|id=0360626|title=Haiwan}}

[[Category:1977 films]]
[[Category:1977 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:1970s slasher films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Bappi Lahiri]]
[[Category:Indian slasher films]]

{{1970s-Hindi-film-stub}}
{{musical-film-stub}}

Buffoon (film)

2026-03-03T02:39:50Z

ElijahCombs83: adding entry

{{Short description|2022 Tamil-language film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2023}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Buffoon
| image = Buffoon film poster.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = Ashok Veerappan
| writer = Ashok Veerappan
| producer = [[Karthik Subbaraj]] Kaarthekeyen Santhanam Sudhan Sundaram Jayaram
| starring = [[Vaibhav Reddy|Vaibhav]] [[Anagha]] Anthakudi Ilayaraja
| cinematography = Dinesh Purushothaman
| editing = Vetre Krishnan
| music = [[Santhosh Narayanan]]
| studio = [[Stone Bench Creations|Stone Bench Films]] Passion Studios
| distributor = Sakthi Film Factory
| released = {{Film date|2022|09|23|df=yes}}
| country = [[India]]
| language = Tamil
}}

'''''Buffoon''''' is a 2022 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[action thriller film]] written and directed by Ashok Veerappan in his directorial debut. The film stars [[Vaibhav Reddy|Vaibhav]], [[Anagha]], and Anthakudi Ilayaraja, while [[Aadukalam Naren]] and [[Joju George]] play supporting roles. The film has songs and score composed by [[Santhosh Narayanan]]. The cinematography and editing were handled by Dinesh Purushothaman and Vetre Krishnan, respectively. It was produced by [[Karthik Subbaraj]], Kaarthekeyen Santhanam, Sudhan Sundaram and Jayaram under, [[Stone Bench Creations|Stone Bench Films]] and Passion Studios.<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 March 2021 |title=Vaibhav's next, Buffoon |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2021/mar/30/vaibhavs-next-buffoon-2283300.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220927222756/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2021/mar/30/vaibhavs-next-buffoon-2283300.html |archive-date=27 September 2022 |access-date=27 September 2022 |website=[[The New Indian Express]]}}</ref> The film was released theatrically on 23 September 2022.

== Plot ==
{{More plot|date=June 2024}}
Two [[koothu]] artists become pawns in a political power game and are falsely implicated in a drug smuggling case.

== Cast ==
* [[Vaibhav Reddy|Vaibhav]] as Kumaran
* [[Anagha]] as Ilayaal
* Anthakudi Ilayaraja as Muthaiya
* [[Aadukalam Naren]] as Rengarajan
* [[Joju George]] as Dhanapalan
* Tamizh as [[Superintendent of police (India)|Superintendent of Police]] Haridas
* [[V. I. S. Jayapalan]] as [[Chief Minister]]
* [[Munnar Ramesh]] as Karuvaayan
* [[Ravi Mariya]] as Sadagoppan
* Gajaraj as Vathiyar
* Aaru Bala as Kanthan
* M. P. Viswanathan as Varadhan
* Rajkumar as Ansari
* Kumar Sangappan as Kareem
* [[Adithya Menon]] as Bhaskar

== Music ==
The music was composed by [[Santhosh Narayanan]]. The audio rights were acquired by [[Maajja]].<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Oa1RXghv5OQ |title=Buffoon – Madichu Vecha Vethala (Video) {{!}} Vaibhav {{!}} Ashok Veerappan {{!}} Santhosh Narayanan |date=8 April 2022 |publisher=[[Santhosh Narayanan]] |access-date=25 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220925180244/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Oa1RXghv5OQ |archive-date=25 September 2022 |url-status=live |via=[[YouTube]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g4lhG0lJH1g |title=Buffoon – Thani Maramai (Lyric Video) {{!}} Vaibhav {{!}} Ashok Veerappan {{!}} Santhosh Narayanan |date=6 September 2022 |publisher=[[Santhosh Narayanan]] |access-date=25 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220925180240/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g4lhG0lJH1g |archive-date=25 September 2022 |url-status=live |via=[[YouTube]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Gr0bRpyPc84 |title=Buffoon – Thangu Thakadi (Video) {{!}} Vaibhav {{!}} Ashok Veerappan {{!}} Santhosh Narayanan |date=22 September 2022 |publisher=[[Santhosh Narayanan]] |access-date=25 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220925180242/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Gr0bRpyPc84 |archive-date=25 September 2022 |url-status=live |via=[[YouTube]]}}</ref>

{{Infobox album
| name = Buffoon
| type = [[soundtrack]]
| artist = [[Santhosh Narayanan]]
| released = {{Film date|2022}}
| recorded = 2022
| genre = [[Feature film soundtrack]]
| length =
| label = [[Think Music]]
| producer = [[Santhosh Narayanan]]
| prev_title = [[Gulu Gulu]]
| prev_year = 2022
| next_title = [[Anel Meley Pani Thuli]]
| next_year = 2022
}}
{{Track listing
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Madichu Vecha Vethala
| length1 = 4:16
| lyrics1 = Raja Gurusamy
| extra1 = [[Santhosh Narayanan]], Anthakudi Ilaiyaraja
| title2 = Thani Maramai
| length2 = 4:48
| lyrics2 = Uma Devi
| extra2 = Pavithra Ramesh, Aditya Ravindran
| title3 = Thangu Thakadi
| length3 = 2:20
| lyrics3 = Raja Gurusamy
| extra3 = Anthakudi Ilayaraja
}}

== Release ==

=== Theatrical ===
The film is scheduled to be released in theatres on 23 September 2022.{{Citation needed|date=October 2022}} The teaser of the film was released on 14 March 2022. The distribution rights of the film in [[Tamil Nadu]] were acquired by B. Sakthivelan under the banner of Sakthi Film Factory.<ref>{{Cite tweet |number=1569551482256789505 |user=stonebenchers |title=We are happy & excited to partner with @SakthiFilmFctry for the Tamil Nadu Theatrical Distribution of #Buffoon.Releasing in theatres all over TN on Sep 23rd. A @karthiksubbaraj Presentation A @Music_Santhosh Musical A @ashokveerappan film @sakthivelan_b release @kaarthekeyens |access-date=27 September 2022}}</ref>

=== Home media ===
The post-theatrical streaming rights of the film were bought by [[Netflix]],<ref>{{Cite web |date=21 September 2022 |title=Netflix Buys Tamil Action Comedy 'Buffoon' Streaming Rights! |url=https://www.binged.com/news/netflix-buys-tamil-action-comedy-buffoon-streaming-rights/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231003053021/https://www.binged.com/news/netflix-buys-tamil-action-comedy-buffoon-streaming-rights/ |archive-date=3 October 2023 |access-date=29 September 2023 |website=Binged}}</ref> where it began stream from 14 October 2022.{{Citation needed|date=July 2025}}

== Critical reception ==
M. Suganth of ''[[The Times of India]]'' who gave 3 stars out of 5 stars after reviewing the film stated that,"Santhosh Narayanan adds to the tense nature of the scenes with his score".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Suganth |first=M |date=23 September 2022 |title=Buffoon Movie Review: A solid thriller |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/buffoon/movie-review/94401604.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220926184551/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/buffoon/movie-review/94401604.cms |archive-date=26 September 2022 |access-date=27 September 2022 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> Avinash Ravichandran of ''[[Cinema Express]]'' who gave 2.5 stars out of 5 stars after reviewing the film stated that "Although Buffoon definitely has a lot of heart and even more potential, there is only so much that intent can do when it has to contend with lackadaisical execution bogged further down by nonchalant writing".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ravichandran |first=Avinash |date=23 September 2022 |title=Buffoon Movie Review: Strong intent marred by incohesive execution |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/review/2022/sep/23/buffoon-movie-review-strong-intent-marred-by-incohesive-execution-34984.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220924113314/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/review/2022/sep/23/buffoon-movie-review-strong-intent-marred-by-incohesive-execution-34984.html |archive-date=24 September 2022 |access-date=27 September 2022 |website=[[Cinema Express]]}}</ref> Harshini S V of ''[[Film Companion]]'' wrote that "Buffoon is not tempted to take the predictable route and does justice to its story with a convincing climax.<ref>{{Cite web |last=S V |first=Harshini |date=23 September 2022 |title=Buffoon Review: A Well-Made Political Thriller With A Taut Screenplay |url=https://www.filmcompanion.in/reviews/tamil-review/buffoon-review-a-well-made-political-thriller-with-a-taut-screenplay |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230325020536/https://www.filmcompanion.in/reviews/tamil-review/buffoon-review-a-well-made-political-thriller-with-a-taut-screenplay |archive-date=25 March 2023 |access-date=3 August 2023 |website=[[Film Companion]]}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|tt14391226}}

[[Category:2022 Indian films]]
[[Category:2022 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:2022 crime drama films]]
[[Category:2022 directorial debut films]]
[[Category:2022 films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Santhosh Narayanan]]
[[Category:Indian crime drama films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]

Sack of Surat

2026-03-02T06:13:34Z

ElijahCombs83: Put up new details basic info!

{{Short description|1664 battle in India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2018}}
{{Infobox military conflict
| image = Sack of Surat by Shivaji.jpg
| caption = Early 20th century depiction of the Sack of Surat by Shivaji.
| conflict = Battle of Surat
| partof = Maratha campaigns in Gujarat
| date = 5–13 January 1664
| place = [[Surat]], [[Gujarat Subah]], [[Mughal Empire]] (Now [[Gujarat]], [[India]])
| territory =
| result = Maratha victory
*The Maratha sacks the city for five or six days<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gokhale |first=Balkrishna Govind |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=frbYo91TuV4C&q=maratha+sacked+surat+days |title=Surat in The Seventeenth Century |publisher=Popular Prakashan Pvt. Limited |year=1978 |isbn=9788171542208 |pages=8 |language=English}}</ref>
| combatant1 = [[Maratha Kingdom]]
| combatant2 = [[Mughal Empire]]
| commander1 = [[Shivaji ]] {{WIA}}
| commander2 = Inayat Khan
| strength1 = 4,000 cavalry<ref>{{Cite book |last=Rana |first=Bhawan Singh |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KWwyDQAAQBAJ&q=shivaji+sack+of+surat+four+thousand+soldiers |title=Chhatrapati Shivaji |date=5 October 2016 |publisher=Diamond Pocket Books Pvt Ltd |isbn=9789350830079 |language=English |chapter=Chapter Two: Administration}}</ref>
| strength2 = 5,000 garrisons<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sanyal |first=Subhojit |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=m1nVDAAAQBAJ&q=shivaji+surat+thousand+soldiers |title=Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj |date=2013 |publisher=Om Books International |isbn=9789381607220 |pages=95 |language=English}}</ref>
| strength3 =
| casualties1 =
| casualties2 =
| casualties3 = [[Shivaji]] ordered the beheading of four [[Mughal Empire|Imperialist]] prisoners and the amputation of the hands of twenty-four others.{{sfn|Kincaid|1937|p=171}}
| notes =
| image_size = 200px
}}

The '''Battle of Surat''', also known as the '''Sack of Surat''', was a land battle that took place on 5 January 1664 and ended on 13 January 1664 , near the city of [[Surat]], in present-day [[Gujarat]], India, between [[Shivaji]], leader of the fledgling Maratha State and Inayat Khan, a [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] commander. The Marathas defeated the Mughal military unit posted at Surat.

Surat was a wealthy [[port city]] used by the Mughals for [[maritime trade]] in the [[Arabian Sea]]. The city was populated mostly by Hindus, but there were Muslims and others as well, including the officials of the Mughal administration at the city. According to historian [[James Grant Duff]], Surat was attacked by Shivaji on 5 January 1664; the attack was so sudden that the population had no chance to flee, the violent plunder of the Maratha forces continued for six days and two-thirds of the city was burnt down. The loot was then transferred to [[Rajgad fort|Rajgad]] hidden in the [[Western Ghauts|Western Ghats]] near [[Poona (Pune)|Poona]].

==Background==
[[Shaista Khan]], the Mughal nawab, was in the [[Deccan]] for more than three years fighting the Marathas, and their financial condition was dire. So to improve his finances, [[Shivaji]] planned to attack Surat, a key Mughal administrative center and a wealthy port town that generated a million rupees in taxes. His aim was to capture and loot the wealthy port city and bring all the loot to his Raigad Fort.{{sfn|Sardesai|1946|p=151-155}}{{Sfn|Mehendale|2011|p= 500–512}}{{sfn|Kincaid|1937|p=165-173}} In the rainy season of 1663, he focused on targeting Surat, Shivaji's spies and agents meticulously observed the northern Mughal territories between [[Pune]] and [[Burhanpur]], seeking out the weakest point for a new assault as open war between them had commenced. With accurate intelligence in hand, Shivaji planned to strike Surat, intending to tarnish the Emperor's reputation by raising a significant disturbance.{{sfn|Sardesai|1946|p=151-155}}{{Sfn|Mehendale|2011|p= 500–512}}{{sfn|Kincaid|1937|p=165-173}} While Surat had a [[Surat Castle|castle]] on the river Tapti, the city as a whole had poor defenses.{{sfn|Commissariat|1980|p=259}}

==Battle==

===Movement and clash of forces===
Despite the distance of over two hundred miles and the lack of good roads, Shivaji was undeterred. He strategically positioned military camps in the vicinity of Danda Rajpuri, [[Pen, India|Pen]], and [[Nashik]], with troops totaling about four thousand. Under the guise of suppressing the [[Siddi]] and the [[Portuguese Empire|Portuguese]], these troops mobilized from their stations towards Surat in early January 1664. Shivaji himself departed from Nashik and led his forces through a circuitous route, uniting all detachments near [[Gandevi]], about 28 miles south of Surat.{{sfn|Sardesai|1946|p=151-155}}{{Sfn|Mehendale|2011|p= 500–512}}{{sfn|Kincaid|1937|p=165-173}}

The news of Shivaji's approach struck [[Surat]] with fear and anxiety, prompting many to flee the town. Surat's Governor, Inayat Khan, failed to take adequate measures to protect the town, leaving it vulnerable to Shivaji's impending arrival. Shivaji, through special agents, conveyed his intention to the Governor and local merchants, emphasizing his need for funds due to his conflict with the Emperor. He demanded a substantial amount from Surat's wealthy merchants, warning of dire consequences for refusal.{{sfn|Sardesai|1946|p=151-155}}{{Sfn|Mehendale|2011|p= 500–512}} However, Inayat Khan, his nobles, and elite citizens fled to the Surat castle and ordinary townsfolk fled the city. [[George Oxenden (governor)|George Oxenden]], the president of the English factory at Surat, decided to defend his position and fortified the factory with artillery to protect goods worth £80,000 that the [[East India Company]] owned.{{Sfn|Commissariat|1980|p=260-262}}

Upon Shivaji's arrival outside Surat, he sent a message to the governor Inayat Khan to come to the Maratha camp and bring with him the three most prominent merchants of the city: Haji Zahid Beg, [[Virji Vora]], and Haji Qasim. If the governor failed to present himself and the merchants, Shivaji threatened to burn Surat, which commenced on the former's noncompliance.{{Sfn|Commissariat|1980|p=261}}After two days of nervous deliberation, the Mughal Governor Inayat Khan sent a young officer to assassinate Shivaji. Pretending to negotiate the surrender of the fort, the officer entered Shivaji's tent for a meeting. Shivaji, recalling past taunts, playfully mocked the Governor's cowardice. Angered by Shivaji's banter, the officer attacked with a dagger, but a Maratha guardsman intervened, severing the officer's hand. Despite the skirmish, a rumor spread that [[Shivaji]] had been killed, prompting calls for revenge in the Maratha camp. To quell the uproar, [[Shivaji]] ordered the execution of four Mughal prisoners by beheading and the amputation of the hands of twenty-four others. Shivaji ordered a general sack of the town instead of massacre, leading to widespread plunder and devastation over the next few days.{{sfn|Sardesai|1946|p=151-155}}{{Sfn|Mehendale|2011|p=500–512}}{{sfn|Kincaid|1937|p=165-173}}

Surat was under attack for nearly three days, during this time the [[Maratha Army]] looted all the wealth from the traders of the Mughal [[Gujarat Subah]] and others such as the [[Portuguese in Goa and Bombay|Portuguese]] trading centers. The Maratha soldiers took away cash, gold, silver, pearls, rubies, diamonds & emeralds from the houses of rich merchants such as [[Virji Vora]], Haji Zahid Beg, Haji Kasim and others. The business of Mohandas Parekh, the deceased broker of the [[Dutch East India Company]], was spared as he was reputed as a [[charity (practice)|charitable]] man.<ref name="Sardesai2002">{{cite book|author=H. S. Sardesai|title=Shivaji, the great Maratha|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=deHZAUDHzYwC&pg=PA506|access-date=14 December 2011|year=2002|publisher=Cosmo Publications|isbn=978-81-7755-286-7|pages=506–}}</ref><ref name="BGGokhale_1979">{{cite book | title = Surat In The Seventeenth Century | author = [[Balkrishna Govind Gokhale]] | publisher = Popular Prakashan | year = 1979 | isbn = 9788171542208 | page = 25 | chapter = VII. The Merchant Prince Virji Vora | chapter-url = https://books.google.com/books?id=frbYo91TuV4C&q=Mohandas+Parekh+charitable&pg=PA25 | access-date = 2011-11-25 }}</ref>{{Sfn|Mehendale|2011|p= 500–512}} Similarly, Shivaji did not plunder the houses of the foreign missionaries.<ref name="HSSardesai2002">{{cite book|author=H. S. Sardesai|title=Shivaji, the great Maratha | year=2002| publisher=Cosmo Publications | isbn=978-81-7755-286-7| page=506 }}</ref>{{sfn|Sardesai|1946|p=151-155}}{{sfn|Kincaid|1937|p=165-173}} Shivaji and the Marathas resorted to torture and mutilation to extract ransoms and confessions from their prisoners. Those who did not produce adequate tributes had one or sometimes two hands chopped off.{{Sfn|Commissariat|1980|p=265-266}}

On the first day of the sack, an Englishman of the factory named Anthony Smith was travelling alone from Surwali to Surat, where he was captured by Maratha forces and taken to Shivaji. He was initially threatened with death, and then made prisoner. Shivaji demanded ransom for his release, and eventually let the Englishman go for 300 rupees. However the English factors refused to readmit him, and sent him back to Shivaji as his servant. Shivaji sent messages to the English factory that they should escape ruin by paying him tribute with their goods, but his requests were denied. The English factory and the house of Haji Zaid Beg (whose house was plundered on the first day of the sack) were divided by a single wall. The Marathas sought to burn the ward where the English factory was located to induce them to surrender, but in a small skirmish led by [[Gerald Aungier]] the Marathas were driven back, and Shivaji decided to not further molest the English. The Dutch factory was nearly burnt down in the general burning of the city but was spared by chance.{{Sfn|Commissariat|1980|p=262-263}}

== Aftermath ==
[[File:Defense of Surat Factory Medal, 1668.jpg|thumb|Defense of Surat Factory Medal presented to George Oxenden, 1668.]]
The [[Marathi people|Marathas]] ransacked houses and chests, accumulating a vast amount of loot, primarily gold, silver, pearls, and diamonds. Shivaji swiftly departed Surat upon learning of an approaching Mughal force, leaving behind heaps of clothing and household articles for the town's residents. The value of the plunder carried away was estimated to be substantial, possibly exceeding a crore of rupees. The plunder was utilized to fortify [[Raigad district|Raigad]], Shivaji's capital, and construct the formidable water fortress of [[Sindhudurg Fort|Sindhudurg]] at Malwan. Subsequently, [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] forces arrived at Surat, only to find the town defaced and looted by Shivaji's forces.{{sfn|Sardesai|1946|p=151-155}}{{Sfn|Mehendale|2011|p= 500–512}}{{sfn|Kincaid|1937|p=165-173}}

The viceroy of Gujarat, Mahabat Khan marched with an army to face Shivaji at Surat, but once Shivaji learnt of the army's movement his forces left the city, and Mahabat Khan turned back at Bharuch. The English factory was praised by the local townsfolk, Mahabat Khan's officers, and the Mughal emperor for their defense of their local ward. When Inayat Khan eventually emerged from Surat Castle, he was derided by an angry mob of citizens who hurled dirt at him. Inayat Khan's son decided to take revenge and shot a [[Bania (caste)|Baniya]] boy with an arrow.{{Sfn|Commissariat|1980|p=268}}

In recognition of the losses faced by the Surat merchants, Aurangzeb waived the custom duty on imports and exports for a year for native and foreign merchants of the city. The English and Dutch in particular were granted a reduction in their custom duty from 2.5% to 2%. This reduction for the European merchants would be later taken away by Aurangzeb fifteen years later. Oxenden and his subordinates were given sizable bonuses by the East India Company for their defense of the factory.{{Sfn|Commissariat|1980|p=269-270}}

Shivaji would continue to threaten the town with plunder unless Aurangzeb granted him [[chauth]], or 40% of the annual revenues, of Surat district. This eventually led to the second Sack of Surat in 1670.{{Sfn|Commissariat|1980|p=271}}

== See also ==
{{Portal|History}}
* [[Battle of Sinhagad]]
* [[Battle of Purandar]]
*[[Sacking of Burhanpur (1681)]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== Sources ==
* {{Cite book |last=Sardesai |first=Govind Sakharam |url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.56777 |title=New History Of The Marathas Vol.1 |date=1946 |pages=151–155|publisher= Karnatak Printing Press, Phoenix Publications}}
* {{Cite book |first =Gajanan Bhaskar|last= Mehendale |url=http://archive.org/details/shivaji-his-life-and-times-1nbsped-9380875177_compress |title=Shivaji His Life and Times |date=2011 |pages=500–512}}
* {{Cite book |last=Kincaid|first=Dennis|date=1937|publisher=Collins|location= London|pages=171|title= The Grand Rebel: An Impression of Shivaji, founder of the Maratha Empire}}
* {{Cite book |last=Commissariat|first= M.S.|title= History of Gujarat|volume= III, The Maratha Period: 1785 A.D. to 1818 A.D.|publisher= [[Gujarat Vidya Sabha]]|location= Ahmedabad|date = 1980}}

{{MarathaEmpire}}

{{coord|21|10|N|72|50|E|display=title}}

[[Category:1664 in India]]
[[Category:Sieges involving the Maratha Empire|Surat 1664]]
[[Category:History of Surat]]
[[Category:Conflicts in 1664|Surat]]
[[Category:Sieges involving the Mughal Empire|Surat]]
[[Category:Looting in India]]
[[Category:1660s in the Mughal Empire]]

Rama Kishore Singh

2026-02-28T01:30:46Z

ElijahCombs83: improved details for accuracy and cleaned formatting

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2014}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Rama Kishor Singh<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.oneindia.com/politicians/rama-kishore-singh-32964.html|title=Rama Singh|website=OneIndia.com|accessdate=2020-08-03}}</ref>
| image =
| office = [[Member of Parliament (India)|Member]] of the [[Indian Parliament]] for [[Vaishali (Lok Sabha constituency)|Vaishali]]
| term_start = 26 May 2014
| term_end = 23 May 2019
| predecessor = [[Raghuvansh Prasad Singh]]
| successor = [[Veena Devi]]
| birth_place = [[Vaishali district|Vaishali]], [[Bihar]], [[India]]
| death_date =
| death_place =
| party = [[Lok Janshakti Party (Ram Vilas)]] {{small|(2024–present)}}
[[Rashtriya Janata Dal]] {{small|(2015–2024)}}
[[Lok Janshakti Party]] {{small|(2000–2015)}}
| spouse = [[Bina Singh]]
| children = Rajiv Pratap Singh Sarika Singh Shweta Singh
| residence = [[Patna]]
| alma_mater = [[Langat Singh College]]
}}

'''Rama Kishore Singh''' is an Indian [[politician]] and is a former member of the [[Lok Sabha|Indian Parliament]] from [[Vaishali (Lok Sabha constituency)|Vaishali]], [[Bihar]]. He won the [[2014 Indian general election]] as a [[Lok Jan Shakti Party]] candidate. He defeated vice-president of RJD [[Raghuvansh Prasad Singh]] by around 1 lakh votes. He enjoys considerable support from the [[Rajput]] caste despite having criminal antecedent. Singh hails from the [[Mahror]] branch of [[Rajput]] clan. He quit all party posts he held on 15 September 2015.<ref>{{cite web|title=elections.in| url=http://www.elections.in/bihar/parliamentary-constituencies/vaishali.html}}</ref><ref name="exp"/>

==Life==
Rama Kishore Singh belongs to a [[Rajput]] community and is married to [[Bina Singh]], with whom they have four children. One of their sons, Rajiv Singh, died in a road accident in [[Uttar Pradesh]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.india.com/news/india/rajiv-singh-son-of-ljp-mp-rama-kishor-singh-killed-in-road-accident-2176322/|title=rajiv-singh-son-of-ljp-mp-rama-kishor-singh-killed-in-road-accident-|first=Mohammad|last=Uzair Shaikh|website=India.com|accessdate=2020-08-03}}</ref> Singh was previously a member of the [[Lok Janshakti Party]]. In 2020 [[Tejashwi Yadav]] tried to include him into [[Rashtriya Janata Dal]] to attract Rajput voters, but the induction was put off due to interference by [[Lalu Prasad Yadav]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/rjd-puts-off-induction-of-rama-singh-after-lalu-prasads-intervention/articleshow/76691398.cms|title=rjd-puts-off-induction-of-rama-singh-after-lalu-prasads-intervention|website=[[The Economic Times|Economic Times]]|access-date=2020-08-03}}</ref> Singh later managed to get on the ticket from Rashtriya Janata Dal for his wife Bina Singh, who contested in [[2020 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|Bihar Assembly polls 2020]] from [[Mahnar (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Mahnar constituency]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://gulfnews.com/world/asia/india/gangsters-rapists-field-their-wives-in-bihar-polls-1.74538520|title=Gangsters, rapists field their wives in Bihar polls|website=Gulfnews|accessdate=2020-11-02}}</ref>

==Criminal cases==
Rama Singh has been accused of a number of crimes, including [[murder]] and [[kidnapping]]. He has been a member of [[Bihar Legislative Assembly]] several times from the Mahnar constituency, which falls under Hajipur Lok Sabha constituency. The Hajipur Lok Sabha constituency is a stronghold of [[Lok Janshakti Party]] and [[Ram Vilas Paswan]] has represented it several times. Singh was not given a chance to be on the ticket by LJP from Vaishali Lok Sabha constituency in 2019, although he defeated [[Raghuvansh Prasad Singh]] in an election for the same seat in 2014.<ref name="exp">{{cite web|url=https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/tejashwi-yadav-overruled-why-a-rattled-rjd-put-off-don-turned-politician-rama-singhs-entry-into-the-party/2008655/|title=Tejashwi-yadav-overruled-why-a-rattled-rjd-put-off-don-turned-politician-rama-singhs-entry-into-the-party|website=[[The Financial Express (India)|Financial Express]]|accessdate=2020-08-03}}</ref>

===Chandrama Singh murder case (2004)===
In August 2004, Chandrama Singh, a candidate for local government elections in [[Desari|Desri]], was shot and killed. Rama Singh and others were prime [[suspect]]s. The court [[Acquittal|acquitted]] him as he was in incarcerated in [[Hajipur]] for three months leading up to the murder.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.jagran.com/bihar/vaishali-mp-rama-singh-acquitted-in-chandrma-singh-murder-case-12628395.html|title=vaishali-mp-rama-singh-acquitted-in-chandrma-singh-murder-case|website=Jagran.com|accessdate=2020-08-03}}
Translation:It is to be known that on August 25, 2004, Chandra Singh of Chakiyaz village of Sahadei elderly OP area of Desari police station was shot dead. In this incident, the elder brother of the deceased, Virendra Singh, lodged an FIR against Vaishali MP Rama Kishore Singh alias Rama Singh and many others. In the FIR, there was a mention of murder in a rivalry over the election of the Deputy Chief.</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.uniindia.com/news/other/ljp-mp-rama-singh-acquitted-in-murder-case/135385.html|title=ljp-mp-rama-singh-acquitted-in-murder-case|website=United news of india|accessdate=2020-08-03}}</ref>

===Jaychand kidnapping case, 2001===
Rama Singh was also involved in Jaychand [[Vaidya]] [[kidnapping]] case of [[Bhilai]]. Singh however claimed himself to be innocent.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://m.patrika.com/durg-news/jaychand-vaidya-hijack-bihar-strongman-mp-rama-singh-surrendered-1317955/|title=jaychand-vaidya-hijack-bihar-strongman-mp-rama-singh-surrendered-|website=patrika.com|accessdate=2020-08-03}}Translation: Ramkishore alias Rama Singh, MP from Vaishali in Bihar, suddenly surrendered in the court for 15 years in the high profile case of the famous Jaychand Vaidya incident in Bhilai. On Tuesday, the accused appeared in Ramasingh District Court. Durg police records have absconded for 15 years on the order of the Supreme Court. In this famous kidnapping case of 2001, seven accused including Upendra Singh alias Kabra have been convicted and sentenced to life imprisonment. Two others, including Rama Singh, were on the run.</ref>

===Jamshedpur triple murder case===
Singh was also accused of a triple murder that took place in [[Jamshedpur]]. He was the prime accused and was imprisoned during the inquiry period, however he remained hospitalized during that time.

Singh was one of the prime targets of the [[Nitish Kumar]] government as a part of its pledge against crime. He along with other criminals [[Surajbhan Singh]], [[Anant Kumar Singh]], [[Mohammad Shahabuddin]], [[Ritlal Yadav]] were booked and tried under the special court established by the government.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/magazine/story/india-news-how-bihars-politician-dons-are-losing-their-sting-under-nitish-kumars-vigil/303462|title=How-bihars-politician-dons-are-losing-their-sting-under-nitish-kumars-vigil|website=Outlookindia.com|accessdate=2020-08-04}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[Pradeep Mahto]]

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{16th LS members from Bihar}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Singh, Rama Kishore}}
[[Category:India MPs 2014–2019]]
[[Category:Lok Sabha members from Bihar]]
[[Category:Lok Janshakti Party politicians]]
[[Category:People from Vaishali district]]
[[Category:1964 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar Bihar University alumni]]

INAS 350

2026-02-26T05:21:54Z

ElijahCombs83: updated page

{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Infobox military unit
| unit_name = INAS 350
| image =
| image_size =
| caption =
| dates = 24 March 2009 - ''present''<ref name=indiannavy1>{{cite web|title=INAS 350|url=http://indiannavy.nic.in/naval-aviation/inas-350|publisher=Indian Navy|accessdate=28 December 2014}}</ref>
| country = {{flag|India}}
| allegiance =
| branch = {{nowrap|[[File:Naval Ensign of India.svg|25px|Indian Navy seal]] [[Indian Navy]]}}
| type =
| role =
| size =
| command_structure =
| current_commander =
| garrison = [[INS Dega]], [[Visakhapatnam]]
| ceremonial_chief =
| colonel_of_the_regiment =
| nickname = Saras
| patron =
| motto = Strength, Valour and Perseverance
| colors =
| march =
| mascot =
| battles =
| anniversaries =
| aircraft_helicopter_utility = [[Westland Sea King|Sea King 42C]]
}}
The '''INAS 350''' is an [[Indian Navy|Indian naval]] air squadron based at [[INS Dega]], [[Visakhapatnam]].<ref name=indiannavy1/>

The squadron operated six [[Sikorsky UH-3 Sea King|Sikorsky UH-3H]] from 2009 when the helicopters were bought along with {{INS|Jalashwa|L41}}.<ref name="indiannavy2">{{cite web |title=Indian Naval Air Squadrons |url=http://indiannavy.nic.in/naval-fleet/indian-naval-air-squadrons |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141226081408/http://indiannavy.nic.in/naval-fleet/indian-naval-air-squadrons |archive-date=26 December 2014 |accessdate=27 December 2014 |publisher=Indian Navy}}</ref> The contract worth {{INRConvert|1.8|b|lk=on|year=2006|mode=historical}} was signed in November 2006 under a [[Foreign Military Sales]] deal.<ref name=":0" /> In 2024, the helicopters were de-inducted from service during a ceremony. The type was replaced by [[Westland Sea King|Sea King 42C]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-06-28 |title=Indian Navy bids farewell to UH-3H helicopter after 17 years of service |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/indian-navy-bids-farewell-to-uh-3h-helicopter-after-17-years-of-service/articleshow/111347652.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2024-06-28 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref><ref>{{Cite press release |title=Indian Navy bids farewell to UH – 3H helicopter |date=2024-06-28 |publisher=[[Press Information Bureau]] |url=https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2029416 |access-date=2025-08-19}}</ref><ref>{{Cite press release |title=Indian Navy bids farewell to UH – 3H helicopter |date=2024-06-28 |publisher=indiannavy.gov.in |url=https://indiannavy.gov.in/content/indian-navy-bids-farewell-uh-3h-helicopter |access-date=2025-08-19}}</ref> The remaining three units conducted a [[flypast]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Rajkumar |first=Mike |date=2024-07-02 |title=Indian navy retires UH-3H Sea Kings |url=https://www.flightglobal.com/helicopters/indian-navy-retires-uh-3h-sea-kings/158988.article |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260226050239/https://www.flightglobal.com/helicopters/indian-navy-retires-uh-3h-sea-kings/158988.article |archive-date=2026-02-26 |access-date=2026-02-26 |website=Flight Global |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Indian Navy}}

[[Category:Aircraft squadrons of the Indian Navy]]
[[Category:Military units and formations established in 2009]]

{{India-mil-stub}}

Querim Beach

2026-02-23T17:40:49Z

ElijahCombs83: updated details

{{Short description|Beach in Goa, India}}
{{More citations needed|date=December 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
[[File:The Terekhol River and Querim Beach, panoramic view, Goa, India.jpg|thumb|300px|Querim Beach]]
'''Querim Beach''' is the sandy coastline of the [[Querim|Querim village]] of [[Pernem]], [[Goa]]. It is the largest and northernmost beach in [[Goa]]. The beach comprises a long stretch of sand with a few rocky outcrops, rows of trees, and a river inlet of Tiracol River. It is north of the [[Arambol beach]], but in order to reach there by foot, one has to walk through the hill and jungle between the Paliem Sweet Water Lake and Querim Beach. Querim is 30 kilometers from [[Mapusa]]. From the north side of Querim Beach, one can see a restaurant and bar on a high hill on the [[Tiracol]] side of the [[Tiracol River]]. There is also a resort by the name "Hotel Hill Rock" next to it, which is known for its peaceful atmosphere and has a small but well-equipped bistro on the property. On the highest cliff on the [[Tiracol]] side is the [[Fort Tiracol]], which is now converted into a heritage hotel.<ref>{{cite news|title=Sitting pretty at the tip of Goa|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/Sitting-pretty-at-the-tip-of-Goa/articleshow/55693996.cms|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=November 30, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=10 lesser-known but interesting places to visit in Goa|url=http://www.indiatvnews.com/lifestyle/news/lesser-known-interesting-places-in-goa-4393.html|publisher=India TV News|date=May 9, 2015}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Tourism in Goa]]
* [[Pernem]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{coord|15.709|73.693|display=title}}

[[Category:Beaches of Goa]]
[[Category:Beaches of North Goa district]]

{{goa-geo-stub}}

Banbhori

2026-02-14T23:12:29Z

ElijahCombs83: adjusted references per standard format and cleaned formatting

{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Banbhori
| other_name = Bhramari Devi
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline =
| imagesize =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| image_flag =
| flag_size = 300px
| flag_alt =
| flag_border =
| flag_link =
| image_map =
| mapsize = 300px
| map_alt =
| map_caption =
| image_map1 =
| mapsize1 =
| map_alt1 =
| map_caption1 =
| pushpin_map = India Haryana#India
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_label =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_mapsize = 300px
| pushpin_map_caption =
| pushpin_map1 =
| pushpin_label_position1 =
| pushpin_label1 =
| pushpin_map_alt1 =
| pushpin_mapsize1 =
| pushpin_map_caption1 =
| coordinates = {{coord|29.405852|N|76.043382|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Haryana]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Hisar (district)|Hisar]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type = [[Local government]]
| governing_body = [[Panchayati raj in India|Panchayat]]
| leader_party =
| leader_title = [[Sarpanch]]
| leader_name =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total =
| population_as_of =
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 125121
| registration_plate =[[List of RTO districts in India#HR.E2.80.94Haryana|HR]]-20
| website = {{URL|haryana.gov.in}}
| footnotes =
}}

'''Banbhori''' (also spelt as '''Banbhauri''') is a village in [[Hisar district]] of [[Haryana]] state of northwestern [[India]].<ref name="2011 Census">{{cite web |title=Banbhori |url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/pca/SearchDetails.aspx?Id=68617 |website=[[2011 Census of India]] |publisher=[[Government of India]] |access-date=22 September 2017 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20170922203418/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/pca/SearchDetails.aspx?Id=68617 |archive-date=22 September 2017 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all }}</ref>

==Location==

Banbhori is located on "Hisar-[[Barwala, Hisar|Barwala]]-Banhori-[[Uchana]] Road" 15 km northeast of Uchana, 55 km northeast of Hisar, 45 km north of [[Hansi]], 170 km northwest [[Indira Gandhi International Airport|IGI Delhi Airport]], 200 km southwest of [[Chandigarh]].

==Shri Durga Mata Bhramari Mandir==
{{anchor | Temple}}
{{see also | Bhramari#Worship | l1= List of temples of Bhramari devi}}

'''Shri Durga Mata Bhramari Mandir''', run by the [[Government of Haryana]]'s Shri Durga Mata Mandir Banbhori Temple Trust, is an ancient [[Shakta pithas|shakti peeth]] temple dedicated to [[Hindu deity]] [[Bhramari]] as a manifestation of [[Durga]] [[Shakti]] (feminine manifestation of God). In November 2017, [[Government of Haryana]] cabinet brought this privately managed temple under the ownership of government trust so that the annual donations of INR15 crore (in 2017) can be used for welfare of local populace.<ref name=ban1>[https://www.newkerala.com/news/fullnews-291496.html "Haryana to give monthly pension to senior citizen journalists."], [https://www.newkerala.com New Kerala], 23 Nov 2017.</ref>

===Legend===

According to the legend the Goddess Banbhori is manifestation of Bhagwati (Shakti) who manifested as a swarm of bees (''bramar'' in [[sanskrit language]]) to kill the demon Arunasura, who was disturbing the penance of sages. This temple is located where she manifested.<ref name=hr1/><ref name=hr2/>

===Temple complex===

Her statue in the temple, also called the ''Ashtabhuji Mata Mahishasuravardhini'' (lit ''eight armed mother Goddess the slayer of demon [[Mahishasura]]''), is [[svayambhu]] (self-manifested i.e. found in the ground). Other statues in the temple are of [[Kali]] (manifestation of [[Parvati]]), [[Shiva]] and his manifestation as [[Bhairava]], family of Shiva (such a [[ganesha]]), [[Radha]]-[[Krishna]], and [[Hanuman]]. The temple has an [[eternal flame]] which has been continuously burning at the temple for at least 400 years.<ref name=hr1/><ref name=hr2/>

===Rituals===

Devotees tie a sacred thread in the temple to make wishes, and return to express gratitude when their wishes are fulfilled. People also perform the [[Mundan ceremony]] (head tonsuring ceremony) for their children here. Newly married couples visit the temple to seek the goddess's blessings. As per the tradition the priests are the [[Brahmacharya]] (celibate) from the [[Kaushik]] clan.<ref name=hr1>[https://hisar.gov.in/mata-bhanbhori-devi-mandir Mata Bhanbhori Devi Mandir], hisar.gov.in, accessed 29 Sept 2025.</ref><ref name=hr2>[https://www.jagran.com/haryana/hisar-people-coming-from-abroad-in-this-temple-17695511.html यहां मान्यता ऐसी कि भूमि से पैदा हुई देवी मां की प्रतिमा, देश विदेश से आते हैं श्रद्धालु], Jagran, 20 March 2018.</ref>

===Festivals===

The temple celebrates various festivals, specially the [[Navratri]], and hosts fairs twice a year and [[bhandara (community kitchen)|bhandara]] (community kitchen) is organised, attracting large numbers of devotees.<ref name=hr1/><ref name=hr2/>

==See also==

* [[Tourism in Haryana]]
* [[Tourism in India]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Haryana}}

==External links==
* [https://www.thedivineindia.com/banbhori-mandir/6641 Banbhori Temple - The Divine India]

[[Category:Villages in Hisar district]]

{{Haryana-geo-stub}}

Tehsildar

2026-02-13T22:20:22Z

ElijahCombs83: fixes

{{short description|Tax officer in some South Asian countries}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2023}}
[[File:తహసీల్దార్‌_కార్యాలయం_వర్ధన్నపేట.jpg | thumb | right | Tehsildar office in [[Wardhannapet]], Telangana]]

In [[Bangladesh]], [[India]], and [[Pakistan]], a '''tehsildar''', '''talukdar''', or '''mamlatdar''' is a land revenue officer accompanied by revenue inspectors. They are in charge of obtaining taxes from a [[tehsil]] with regard to land revenue. A tehsildar is also known as an executive magistrate of the relevant tehsil. The immediate subordinate of a tehsildar is known as a ''naib tehsildar''.

==Etymology==
The term is assumed to be of [[Mughal tribe|Mughal]] origin and is perhaps a union of the words "tehsil" and "dar". "[[wikt:تحصيل#Noun|Tehsil]]" is an [[Arabic]] word meaning "revenue collection", and "dar" is a [[Persian language|Persian]] word meaning "holder of a position".{{Citation needed|date=April 2022}} Mamlatdar is a synonymous term used in some Indian states that comes from the Hindi word ''māmala'' (मामला), which is derived from the Arabic ''muʿāmala'' (مُعَامَلَة‎ – "conduct, dealing, handling").<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mamlatdar's Courts Act, 1906, India-legitquest |url=https://www.legitquest.com/act/mamlatdar-s-courts-act-1906/72E7 |access-date=30 April 2022 |website=www.legitquest.com |at=Please look in the 'Section 3 - Interpretation' under title 'Notes'}}</ref>{{Better source needed|date=May 2022}}

==India==
===British rule===
During [[British Raj|British rule]], a tehsildar was most likely a [[Stipendiary Magistrate|stipendiary]] officer of the government, employed to raise revenue. The position was called '''mamlatdar''' in [[Goa]] and some parts of [[Maharashtra]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://raigad.nic.in/DG/1964/gen_admin_collector.html|title=1964 Administration Collectors|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090410074908/http://raigad.nic.in/DG/1964/gen_admin_collector.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=10 April 2009}}</ref> It was subsequently used by Pakistan and India following their independence from the [[British Empire]]. Tehsildar is also known as Talukdar in some states of [[India]]. In Assam, Bengal, and parts of Jharkhand, a tehsildar is known as a [[Mouzadar]].

===Independence===
Tehsildar are Class 1 gazetted officers in most states of India. In Uttar Pradesh, tehsildar are given powers of assistant collector Grade I. They also are given judicial power. They implement the various policies of the [[Tehsil|taluka]] and are subject to the [[District magistrate|district collector]]. Officers holding the post of tehsildar preside over matters related to land, tax, and revenue. Tehsildar were first appointed as Naib Tehsildars after successful completion of a State Service Exam (i.e. [[Uttar Pradesh Public Service Commission|UP-PSC]] in Uttar Pradesh, [[Himachal Pradesh Public Service Commission|HP-PSC]] in Himachal Pradesh, [[Rajasthan Public Service Commission|RPSC]] in Rajasthan, [[Madhya Pradesh Public Service Commission|MP-PSC]] in Madhya Pradesh, [[Bihar Public Service Commission|BPSC]] in Bihar, [[Andhra Pradesh Public Service Commission|AP-PSC]] in Andhra Pradesh, [[Telangana State Public Service Commission|TSPSC]] in Telangana, or other equivalent exams in other states of India), or promoted from a subordinate post like Kanoongo (also known as Revenue Inspectors). In Uttar Pradesh, tehsildar are promoted from Naib Tehsildar. Later on, they get promoted to the post of [[sub-divisional magistrate]].

In Goa, the mamlatdar heads the [[taluka]] revenue office. While each taluka has a mamlatdar, there are also several joint mamlatdars and the work is distributed among them.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.southgoa.nic.in/collectorate.htm |title=Collectorate |access-date=29 May 2018 |archive-date=30 May 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180530034908/http://www.southgoa.nic.in/collectorate.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Each state is divided into districts. The district's senior civil servant is the district collector/district magistrate, who is an officer from the [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]] cadre. These districts are further subdivided into [[revenue subdivisions]] or prants (West India). Each subdivision is under the charge of an officer designated as a sub-divisional magistrate (SDM), or deputy collector, who is a member of the State Civil Service cadre. In the revenue department, the deputy collector reports to the district revenue officer (DRO), who is also called the additional district magistrate (ADM Revenue) and is the person in charge of the revenue department for the district. The DRO in turn reports to the district collector (also called district magistrate, or DM), who is in charge of overall management of the district across all departments.<ref>{{cite web |title=District administration |url=https://chennai.nic.in/district-administration/ |access-date=23 November 2017 |website=Chennai District}}</ref> Deputy collectors are hired through State Service Selection Commissions, whereas DROs and district collectors are usually Centre Civil Services employees appointed to the state cadre.

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Tax collectors]]
[[Category:Taxation in Pakistan]]
[[Category:Hindi words and phrases]]
[[Category:Urdu words and phrases]]
[[Category:Taxation in India]]
[[Category:Titles in Bangladesh]]
[[Category:Titles in Pakistan]]
[[Category:Titles in India]]

Rajesh (Kannada actor)

2026-02-10T02:50:09Z

ElijahCombs83: fixed issues

{{Short description|Indian Kannada actor (1932–2022)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2016}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Rajesh
| image = Rajesh (Kannada Actor) DS.jpg
| caption =
| birth_name = Munichowdappa/later Vidyasagar
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1932|04|15|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Bangalore]], [[Kingdom of Mysore]], [[British Raj]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|2022|02|19|1932|4|15|df=yes}}
| death_place = Bangalore, [[Karnataka]], India
| citizenship = Indian
| known for = Actor
| occupation = Actor
| relatives = [[Arjun Sarja]] (son-in-law)
| parents =
| children = 5, including [[Niveditha Arjun]]
| years_active = 1963–2022
}}

'''Vidyasagar''' (15 April 1932 – 19 February 2022), known by his [[stage name]] '''Rajesh''', was an Indian actor who appeared in [[Cinema of Karnataka|Kannada films]]. Known as 'Kala Thapaswi', Rajesh was an ardent fan of literature. He appeared in many films as the lead in the late 1960s and early 1970s, and later on gravitated to strong character roles. He is the father of film actress [[Niveditha Arjun|Aasha Rani]] who acted in ''Rathasapthami'' with [[Shivrajkumar]] and the father-in-law of popular [[Kannada]] and [[Tamil language|Tamil]] actor [[Arjun Sarja]].

Rajesh has acted in over 150 films.<ref name="TH">{{cite news |title= From theatre to celluloid |url= http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-karnataka/article1629654.ece |newspaper= The Hindu |date= 9 April 2011 |access-date= 14 April 2011 |archive-date= 8 April 2014 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140408214732/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-karnataka/article1629654.ece |url-status= live }}</ref> "Kalathapasvi Rajesh Athmakathe" is the biography of Rajesh. In 2014, he was awarded the Dr. Rajkumar Cultural Endowment Award by the [[Kannada Sahitya Parishat]].<ref>{{cite news |title= 'Quality of Kannada films has declined' |url= http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/bangalore/quality-of-kannada-films-has-declined/article5948656.ece |newspaper= The Hindu |date= 26 April 2014 |access-date= 3 May 2014 |archive-date= 3 May 2014 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140503222130/http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/bangalore/quality-of-kannada-films-has-declined/article5948656.ece |url-status= live }}</ref> He lived in [[Vidyaranyapura]], Bangalore.<ref name="rajesh1">{{Cite web|title=Rajesh: Stunner on Silver Screen|url=http://www.supergoodmovies.com/12536/sandalwood/rajesh-stunner-on-silver-screen-exclusives-details|url-status=usurped|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160314211643/http://www.supergoodmovies.com/12536/sandalwood/rajesh-stunner-on-silver-screen-exclusives-details|archive-date=14 March 2016|access-date=29 October 2011}}</ref>

==Early life==
Rajesh was born as Vidyasagar in Bangalore, India, on 15 April 1932,<ref name="TH" /> to a Kannada [[Kuruba|Kuruba Gowda]] family. He grew up watching then stars such as Thyagaraja Bhagavatar, Rajakumar and T. R. Mahalingam. He had developed interest in theatre from his childhood and joined Sudarshana Nataka Mandali without his parents' knowledge. In the name of tuition he was going for practice and the first role he got was ‘Sri Rama’. From pamphlets, his parents discovered that he had joined the theatre troupe.

==Career==

===Early career===
Rajesh initially worked as a typist in government offices. He was doing what Chi Udayashanker famous cinema writer was doing in the office. In the ledger books he would keep famous novels and read them. Chi Udayashanker was sent out from office for that. Even Rajesh had faced a similar situation. Later he formed the Shakti Nataka Mandali, staging many popular plays. One fine day he got up from the sleet and started writing a play on unemployment. It was titled ‘Nirudyogi Baalu’. The play he directed later. It got good appreciation. ‘Badavana Baalu’ was his next and it continued like that.
Playwright Basheer asked him to act in plays and he was in Visha Sarpa, Nandadeepa, Chandrodaya and Kittur Rani Chennamma. Thackeray role was well received.

His theatre performances eventually progressed to film roles. It was veteran director [[Hunsur Krishnamurthy]] who introduced Vidyasagar in [[Veera Sankalpa]]. He applied for 15 days leave from his job and went to Madras. While acting in this film he received an offer for ‘Sri Ramanjeneya Yuddha’. Rajakumar was Sri Rama and he was Bharatha, Udayakumar was Anjaneya. It was a successful film. While acting in his second film he received another offer from B R Panthulu for ‘Gange Gowri’. Rajkumar was ‘Shiva’ and he was ‘Maha Vishnu’. Rajesh then rejected the offer to star in ‘Jeevana Tharanga’ because of internal politicking. Rajesh did not act for two years after that. When Narayan Seth from Mumbai contacted him and took him to CV Shivashanker, he returned to acting. That was a new beginning. It was the film's producer [[B.S. Narayan, Late Shri Suryanarayan Rao & Late J N Shetty]] who rechristened Vidyasagar as Rajesh and the film was ‘Namma Ooru'.

[[Namma Ooru]] (1968) directed by [[C. V. Shivashankar]] became runaway hit. The song "Hogadhiri Sodarare" from the film made him popular. The then Finance Minister [[Ramakrishna Hegde]] gave the film 100 per cent tax exemption. After that, Rajesh was flooded with offers. He had recently acted in Nanna Gopala, a children's film directed by Lakshman.
Though he started a little late compared to [[Udaya Kumar (actor)|Udaykumar]], [[Dr. Rajkumar|Rajkumar]] and [[Kalyan Kumar]], they were all contemporaries. In that competitive period, Rajesh stood strong for his terrific performance on the silver screen in Kannada cinema. He was not only good in acting but also in singing.<ref name=rajesh1 /> He has also acted in Devara Makkalu, Prathidwani, Kranthiveera and Bidugade with Dr. Raj Kumar.

===Later career===
In ‘Devara Gudi’ he costarred with Vishnuvardhana in an important role.<ref name=rajesh1 /> After that he had more hits like Devara Duddu, Badhu Bangaravaythu, Beluvaladha Madilalli, Mugiyadha Kathe in the 1970s and Kaliyuga, Pitamaha and Satyanarayana Pooja Phale in the 1980s.

He was of the notion that, in the 1950s onwards [[Honnappa Bhagavatar]], Rajkumar, Udayakumar, Kalyankumar, [[B.R. Pantulu]], [[K. S. Ashwath]], Narasimha Raju, Balakrishna, Iyer, [[B. Saroja Devi]], Leelavathi, Pandari Bai, MV Rajamma, Mynavathi, Vandhana, Kalpana, Jayanthi, Bharathi enriched the film industry. But Rajesh regretted that Kannada films produced in the recent times have lost their credence in the absence of good story and social commitment. The yesteryear star said "Those films had a message for the society besides providing healthy entertainment. But the films that have come after 1980 lack social commitment and are of cheap taste. The technological development and huge money being spent on films have not been used by filmmakers for the good of the society."<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130803235850/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-04-26/hubli/29474541_1_films-rajesh-kannada Rajesh's View on Current Trend in Film Industry]</ref>

==Death==
Rajesh died at a private hospital in Bangalore, on 19 February 2022, at the age of 89. He suffered from breathing complications.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Veteran actor Rajesh passes away|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/veteran-actor-rajesh-passes-away/articleshow/89679163.cms|access-date=19 February 2022|work=The Times of India|language=en|archive-date=19 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220219075708/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/veteran-actor-rajesh-passes-away/articleshow/89679163.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Awards==
Rajesh was conferred the honorary doctorate by the Karnataka University in the year 2012.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/kannada/article/76245.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131004222112/http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/kannada/article/76245.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=4 October 2013 |title=Rajesh {{sic|nolink=y|reason=error in source|honarary}} doctorate - Kannada Movie News |work=Indiaglitz.com |date=4 January 2012 |access-date=5 August 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.supergoodmovies.com/36383/sandalwood/doctorate-for-rajesh-news-details |title=Doctorate for Rajesh |publisher=Supergoodmovies.com |date=4 January 2012 |access-date=5 August 2014 |archive-date=5 October 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131005002045/http://www.supergoodmovies.com/36383/sandalwood/doctorate-for-rajesh-news-details |url-status=usurped }}</ref>

==Partial filmography==
{{Incomplete list|date=December 2020}}
{| class="wikitable sortable" border="0" bgcolor="#F5F5F5"
|-
!Year
!Movie (in Kannada)
!Role
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee"
| 1963 || Sri. Ramanjaneya Yuddha
|
|-bgcolor=#eeeeee
| 1964 || Veera Sankalpa
|
|-bgcolor=#eeeeee
| 1967 || Gange Gowri
|
|-bgcolor=#eeeeee
| 1968 || Namma Ooru
|
|-bgcolor=#eeeeee
| rowspan="8" | 1969 || Suvarna Bhoomi
|
|-bgcolor=#eeeeee
| Broker Bheeshmachari
|
|-bgcolor=#eeeeee
| Kappu Bilupu
|
|-bgcolor=#eeeeee
| Eradu Mukha
|
|-bgcolor=#eeeeee
| Punnya Purusha
|
|-bgcolor=#eeeeee
| Kaanike
|
|-bgcolor=#eeeeee
| Brindavana
|
|-bgcolor=#eeeeee
| Bhale Basava
|
|-bgcolor=#eeeeee
| rowspan="7" | 1970 || Arishina Kumkuma
|
|-bgcolor=#eeeeee
| Mooru Muthugalu
|
|-bgcolor=#eeeeee
| ''[[Boregowda Bangalorige Banda]]''
|
|-bgcolor=#eeeeee
| Namma Mane
|
|-bgcolor=#eeeeee
| Suka Samsara
|
|-bgcolor=#eeeeee
| Aaaru Mooru Vambathu.
|
|-bgcolor=#eeeeee
| Devara Makkalu
|
|-bgcolor=#eeeeee
| rowspan="7" | 1971 || Poornima
|
|-bgcolor=#eeeeee
| Betaala Gudda
|
|-bgcolor=#eeeeee
| Namma Baduku
|
|-bgcolor=#eeeeee
| Bhale Adhrushtavo Adrustha
|
|-bgcolor=#eeeeee
| Bhale Bhaskara
|
|-bgcolor=#eeeeee
| Hennu, Honnu, Mannu
|
|-bgcolor=#eeeeee
| Prathidhwani
|
|-bgcolor=#eeeeee
| rowspan="6" | 1972 || Vishakanye
|
|-bgcolor=#eeeeee
| Subhadra Kalyana
|
|-bgcolor=#eeeeee
| Ondu Hennina Kathe
|
|-bgcolor=#eeeeee
| Kranti Veera
|
|-bgcolor=#eeeeee
| Bhandavya
|
|-bgcolor=#eeeeee
| Mareyada Deepavali
|
|-bgcolor=#eeeeee
| rowspan="3" | 1973 || Sahadarmini
|
|-bgcolor=#eeeeee
| Bidugade
|
|-
|CID 72
|
|-bgcolor=#eeeeee
| rowspan="2" | 1974 || Urvashi
|
|-bgcolor=#eeeeee
| Grihini
|
|-bgcolor=#eeeeee
| rowspan="9" | 1975 || Devara Gudi
|
|-bgcolor=#eeeeee
| Kasturi Vijaya
|
|-bgcolor=#eeeeee
| Mane Belaku
|
|-bgcolor=#eeeeee
| Sarpa Kaavalu
|
|-bgcolor=#eeeeee
| Kaveri
|
|-bgcolor=#eeeeee
| Viplava Vanithe
|
|-bgcolor=#eeeeee
| Ashirvada
|
|-bgcolor=#eeeeee
| Beluvalada Madilalli
|
|-
|Namma Ooru Devaru
|
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee"
| rowspan="4" | 1976 || Baduku Bangaravayithu
|
|-bgcolor=#eeeeee
| Mugiyada kathe
|
|-bgcolor=#eeeeee
| Maya manushya
|
|-bgcolor=#eeeeee
| Rajanarthakiya Rahasya
|
|-bgcolor=#eeeeee
| rowspan="3" | 1977 || [[Devara Duddu]]
|
|-bgcolor=#eeeeee
| Renukadevi mahatme
|
|-bgcolor=#eeeeee
| Sose Tanda Sowbhagya
|
|-bgcolor=#eeeeee
| rowspan="2" | 1978 || Aatma Shakthi
|
|-
|Vamshajyothi
|
|-bgcolor=#eeeeee
| rowspan="2" | 1980 || Gurusarvabowma Sri Raghavendra Karune
|
|-bgcolor=#eeeeee
| Mayeya musuku
|
|-bgcolor=#eeeeee
| rowspan="2" | 1981 || Premanubanda
|
|-bgcolor=#eeeeee
| Chadurida chitragalu
|
|-bgcolor=#eeeeee
| 1982 || Vasanta nilaya
|
|-bgcolor=#eeeeee
| 1983 || Aanand bhairavi
|
|-bgcolor=#eeeeee
| rowspan="3" | 1984 || Kaliyuga
|
|-
|''[[Huliyada Kala]]''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Huliyada Kala on Moviebuff.com |url=https://www.moviebuff.com/huliyada-kala |access-date=2024-11-17 |website=Moviebuff.com}}</ref>
|Seetharam
|-
|Aasha Kirana
|
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee"
| rowspan="3" | 1985 || Devara Mane
|
|-
|Thayi Mamathe
|
|-bgcolor=#eeeeee
| [[Pithamaha]]
|Viraj
|-bgcolor=#eeeeee
| rowspan="5" | 1986 || Thavaru mane
|
|-
|Sedina Sanchu
|
|-
|Ella Hengasarinda
|
|-
|Karna
|
|-
|Anand
|
|-
|1987
|Shiva Bhaktha Markandeya
|
|-
| rowspan="4" |1988
|Ladies Hostel
|
|-
|Thayiya Aase
|
|-
|Nammoora Raja
|
|-
|Dharma Patni
|
|- bgcolor="#eeeeee"
| rowspan="5" | 1989 || Bala Hombale
|
|-
|Thaligagi
|
|-
|Raja Yuvaraja
|
|-
|Ondagi Balu
|
|-
|Jayabheri
|
|-
|1990
|Satyanarayana Poojaphala
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |1991
|Varagala Bete
|
|-
| ''[[Thavarumane Udugore]]''
|
|-
|1996
|[[Karnataka Suputra]]
|
|-
|1999
|[[Idu Entha Premavayya]]
|Karanam Sadashiva Rai
|}

'':Refer: [[Kannada films of the 1960s]], [[Kannada films of the 1970s]]''

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb name|nm2860034}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rajesh}}
[[Category:1932 births]]
[[Category:2022 deaths]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male singers]]
[[Category:Indian male film actors]]
[[Category:Male actors in Kannada cinema]]
[[Category:Male actors from Bengaluru]]
[[Category:Kannada male actors]]
[[Category:Indian male playback singers]]
[[Category:Kannada-language playback singers]]
[[Category:Singers from Bengaluru]]
[[Category:Film musicians from Karnataka]]

Maya S. Krishnan

2026-01-30T03:11:20Z

ElijahCombs83: Starting new stub

{{short description|Indian actress}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2018}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Maya S. Krishnan
| image = Maya_S._Krishnan.jpg
| image size =
| caption = Maya in 2024
| birth_name = 
| birth_date =
| birth_place =[[Madurai]], [[Tamil Nadu]], India
| height =
| notable_works = 
| other_names = 
| occupation = Actress
| years_active = 2015–present
}}

'''Maya S. Krishnan''' is an Indian actress known for her work in the Tamil film industry. She made her acting debut in the musical film ''[[Vaanavil Vaazhkai]]'' (2015). In 2023 she participated in Bigg Boss 7 as a contestant and emerged as the 2nd runner up.

Beyond her film career, she is a theatre artist who has performed internationally with companies including Theatre du Soleil in Paris, Les Hommes Approximatifs in Strasbourg, and Amares Theatre in Uruguay.

Recognizing the need for a creative home for theatre artists, Maya Krishnan founded Ilulu, a theatre collective dedicated to nurturing artistic expression and fostering performance opportunities. The collective serves as a supportive community where artists can explore theatrical forms while developing creative practices and connections with audiences.

She has also gained popularity on [https://www.youtube.com/@maya_s_krishnan YouTube] for her character "Manjula Teacher," whose sketch comedy videos on topics like mental health and dating apps have gone viral.

==Career==
===Theatre===
Maya has a background in theatre, having performed internationally with companies such as [[Théâtre du Soleil|Theatre du Soleil]] in Paris<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.telerama.fr/sortir/flying-chariot-s-au-theatre-du-soleil-une-farce-tragi-comique-entre-brecht-et-shakespeare-6988491.php | title="Flying Chariot(s)" au Théâtre du Soleil : Une farce tragi-comique entre Brecht et Shakespeare | date=15 October 2021 }}</ref> and [https://www.leshommesapproximatifs.com Les Hommes Approximatifs] in Strasbourg. In Uruguay, she has collaborated extensively with [https://www.amaresclown.com/?lang=en Amares Theatre]. In India, she has been associated with Perch Collective, Indianostrum Theatre, Silkroute theatre, and Adishakthi Theatre.
{| class="wikitable"
|+List of Maya S. Krishnan theatrical credits
!Theatre
!Play
!Notes
|-
|Perch
|''Ki Ra Kozhambu<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Datta |first1=Sravasti |date=17 May 2018 |title=Ki Ra Kozhambu: Universal folk tales |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/theatre/universal-folk-tales/article23914771.ece |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210606123231/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/theatre/universal-folk-tales/article23914771.ece |archive-date=6 June 2021 |access-date=6 June 2021 |newspaper=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>''
|100 shows
|-
|Perch
|''Birds''
|
|-
|Amares theatro
|''Love All''
|
|-
|Silkroute
|''The Little Prince''
|45 shows
|-
|Indianostrum
|''Hinge yellama''
|
|-
|Indianostrum
|''Boys drama company''
|
|-
|Indianostrum
|''Flying chariot''
|
|-
|Indianostrum
|''School for wives''
|
|-
|Silkroute
|''A pair of wings I wish for''
|13 shows
|-
|The Perch
|''Kindhan Charithiram''<ref>{{Cite news |last=C |first=Manasa Vijaylakshmi |date=2023-08-05 |title=A Tamil play that tells you how MGR's songs can help resolve life's problems |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/theatre/a-tamil-play-that-tells-you-how-mgrs-songs-can-help-resolve-lifes-problems/article67161471.ece |access-date=2024-06-17 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
|47 shows
|}
Maya, as part of the perch theatre group, toured various cities performing the stage play Kira Kozhambu along with [[Ravindra Vijay]] and [[Anand Sami]]. They have done almost 100 performances across the country so far.<ref name="B">{{Cite news |last=Saravanan |first=T. |date=27 April 2018 |title=A story well told |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/theatre/kira-kozhambu-staged-by-perch-chennai-takes-the-audience-on-a-wild-journey-through-a-kaleidoscope-of-stories/article23694966.ece |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210606123231/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/theatre/kira-kozhambu-staged-by-perch-chennai-takes-the-audience-on-a-wild-journey-through-a-kaleidoscope-of-stories/article23694966.ece |archive-date=6 June 2021 |access-date=6 June 2021 |newspaper=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> The play solely featured the three actors and a bench.<ref name="B" /><ref>{{Cite news |last=Paul |first=Papri |date=16 December 2016 |title=This children's theatre fest was a blockbuster |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/events/hyderabad/this-childrens-theatre-fest-was-a-blockbuster/articleshow/56023828.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210606124731/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/events/hyderabad/this-childrens-theatre-fest-was-a-blockbuster/articleshow/56023828.cms |archive-date=6 June 2021 |access-date=26 July 2020 |newspaper=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> The play was based on [[Ki. Rajanarayanan]]'s collection of short stories titled ''Nattuppura Kadhai Kalanjiyam'' with Anandsami reprising his role from the original play.<ref>{{Cite web |date=31 October 2017 |title=Kira's folktales in a play |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/chennai/2017/oct/31/kiras-folktales-in-a-play-1688515.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210606123228/https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/chennai/2017/oct/31/kiras-folktales-in-a-play-1688515.html |archive-date=6 June 2021 |access-date=6 June 2021 |website=The New Indian Express}}</ref> A critic stated that "Actors Anand Sami, Maya S. Krishnan and Ravindra Vijay were in their elements with their seamless blend of art and entertainment".<ref name="B" />

Maya has demonstrated a flair through her work with string puppets in the production of "The Little Prince" at Silk Route Theatre. For this show, she utilized puppets that are approximately 70 years old,<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kannadasan |first=Akila |date=2022-02-24 |title=The Little Prince |url=https://www.thehindu.com/life-and-style/tamil-play-based-on-the-little-prince-staged-in-chennai/article65072060.ece |access-date=2024-06-18 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> reclaimed from a village near Pondicherry. Mastering the art of puppetry, they skillfully manipulated these historic puppets to bring characters to life on stage.

For the Boys Drama Company production, she learned [[Deverattam|Devarattam]], a traditional folk dance of Tamil Nadu.

=== Film ===
Maya debuted in [[James Vasanthan]]'s ''[[Vaanavil Vaazhkai]]'', where she had to cut her hair short to play a singer.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/Vaanavil-Vaazhkai/movie-review/46569449.cms |title=Vaanavil Vaazhkai Movie Review |date=14 May 2016 |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=9 July 2017 |archive-date=5 November 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171105155956/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/Vaanavil-Vaazhkai/movie-review/46569449.cms |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-reviews/vaanavil-vaazhkai-review-good-music-no-movie/article6990473.ece |title=Good music, no movie |last=Menon |first=Vishal |date=23 May 2016 |newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |url-access=subscription |access-date=9 July 2017 |archive-date=27 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181227064133/https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-reviews/vaanavil-vaazhkai-review-good-music-no-movie/article6990473.ece |url-status=live }}</ref> She played a reporter in ''[[Thodari]]'' (2016) and also appeared in movies like ''[[Dhruva Natchathiram (unreleased film)|Dhruva Natchathiram]]'', ''[[2.0 (film)|2.0]]'', ''[[Magalir Mattum (2017 film)|Magalir Mattum]]'' and [[Server Sundaram (unreleased film)|''Server Sundaram'']].<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-cinemaplus/Stage-to-screen/article16660165.ece |title=Stage to screen |date=2 December 2016 |newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |url-access=subscription |access-date=9 July 2017 |archive-date=28 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221028221754/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-cinemaplus/Stage-to-screen/article16660165.ece |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/the-illusion-of-cinema/article18383535.ece |title=The illusion of cinema |newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |url-access=subscription |date=4 May 2017 |last1=Nath |first1=Parshathy J. |access-date=28 October 2020 |archive-date=19 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180919024912/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/the-illusion-of-cinema/article18383535.ece |url-status=live }}</ref> Maya is part of [[Lokesh Cinematic Universe|Lokesh Cinematic Universe.]]

=== Other ===
==== Hospital Clown ====
She volunteers at several hospitals, including APPOLO Madurai, Egmore Children’s Hospital, Adyar Cancer Institute, and Kauvery Hospital.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.dtnext.in/lifestyletopnews/2018/04/28/from-clowning-around-to-kollywood | title=From clowning around to Kollywood | website=[[DT Next]] | date=27 April 2018 }}</ref>

====Comedy ====
Maya began her career in comedy as a member of [https://www.facebook.com/halfboiledimprov/ Half Boiled Inc], the first-ever [[Improvisational theatre|improv]] club in South India. Her time with Half Boiled Inc allowed them to hone her improvisational skills and establish a strong foundation in comedic performance. She specialized in social media [[sketch comedy]].

==Filmography==
{{pending films key}}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ List of Maya S. Krishnan film credits
|-
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Title
! scope="col" | Role
! class="unsortable" scope="col" | Notes
|-
| 2015 || ''[[Vaanavil Vaazhkai]]'' || Swetha ||
|-
| 2016 || ''[[Thodari]]'' || News Reporter ||
|-
| rowspan="5"| 2017 || ''[[Server Sundaram (unreleased film)|Server Sundaram]]'' || Unknown || Unreleased
|-
| ''[[Guru (2017 film)|Guru]]'' || Boxing student || Telugu film; uncredited
|-
| ''[[Magalir Mattum (2017 film)|Magalir Mattum]]'' || Ameena ||
|-
| ''[[Velaikkaran (2017 film)|Velaikkaran]]''|| Actress ||
|-
| ''[[My Son Is Gay]]''|| Maya ||
|-
| rowspan="2"| 2018 || ''[[Yenda Thalaiyila Yenna Vekkala]]'' || Dora ||
|-
| ''[[2.0 (film)|2.0]]''|| Student || Uncredited
|-
| 2022 || ''[[Vikram (2022 film)|Vikram]]'' || Maya ||
|-
| rowspan="2"| 2023 || ''[[Leo (2023 Indian film)|Leo]]'' || Maya ||
|-
| ''[[Dhruva Natchathiram (unreleased film)|Dhruva Natchathiram]]'' || Unknown || Unreleased
|-
| 2024 || ''[[Weapon (film)|Weapon]]'' || Akira ||
|-
| 2025 || ''Fighter Raja'' || Lucky ||Telugu film<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-04-06 |title=Bigg Boss Maya Krishnan to make her Tollywood debut |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/bigg-boss-maya-krishnan-to-make-her-tollywood-debut/articleshow/109088879.cms |access-date=2024-06-18 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|}

=== Web series ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ List of Maya S. Krishnan web series credits
|-
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Program
! scope="col" | Role
! scope="col" | Network
! class="unsortable" scope="col" | Notes
|-
|2020
|''[[Time Enna Boss]]''
| Velleli
| rowspan="2" |[[Amazon Prime]]
|Special appearance<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 September 2020 |title=Time Enna Boss trailer: A fun Tamil series about time travel |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/time-enna-boss-trailer-a-fun-tamil-sitcom-about-time-travel-6596868/ |access-date=18 September 2020 |website=[[The Indian Express]] |language=en |archive-date=19 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200919040849/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/time-enna-boss-trailer-a-fun-tamil-sitcom-about-time-travel-6596868/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|2021
|''LOL - Enga Siri Paappom''
|Maya
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Prime Video: LOL - Enga Siri Paappom - Season 1 |url=https://www.primevideo.com/detail/LOL---Enga-Siri-Paappom/0PP7485YX2B2IE8SJH5RITXLJZ |access-date=2 September 2021 |website=primevideo.com |language=en-us |archive-date=2 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210902174527/https://www.primevideo.com/detail/LOL---Enga-Siri-Paappom/0PP7485YX2B2IE8SJH5RITXLJZ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=27 August 2021 |title=LOL Enga Siri Paappom first impression: A binge-worthy comedy show |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/lol-enga-siri-paappom-first-impression-a-binge-worthy-comedy-show-not-just-because-of-vivek-7473751/ |author=Manoj Kumar R |access-date=2 September 2021 |website=[[The Indian Express]] |language=en |archive-date=2 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210902065228/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/lol-enga-siri-paappom-first-impression-a-binge-worthy-comedy-show-not-just-because-of-vivek-7473751/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|2022
|''3BHK''
|Anjana V
|[[YouTube]]
|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5nT2v9aqWPc |title=3BHK- Full Series {{!}} Madras Meter Original {{!}} ft.Abhishek Kumar, Maya S.Krishnan #bingewatching |date=24 December 2022 |publisher=Madras Meter |via=YouTube |access-date=27 December 2022 |archive-date=27 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221227215250/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5nT2v9aqWPc |url-status=live }}</ref>
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|+ {{nowrap|List of Maya S. Krishnan Short Film credits}}
|-
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Title
! scope="col" lass="unsortable" | Notes
|-
| 2020 || ''MONTAGE (21 Days Of Solitude)''
|<ref>{{Citation |title=MONTAGE (21 Days Of Solitude) - Official Shortfilm {{!}} Sarjun KM {{!}} Maya S Krishnan {{!}} Sundaramurthy KS | date=18 September 2020 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aOkMbREw23M |access-date=2024-03-26 |language=en |archive-date=26 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240326173850/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aOkMbREw23M |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|2020
|''Maya Unleashed''
|India’s first-ever female action short film{{Citation needed|date=December 2024}}
|}

== Television ==
In 2023, she participated in the reality show ''[[Bigg Boss (Tamil season 7)]]'' and became the second runner-up. Maya became one of season's most popular contestants, earning a dedicated fandom known as "Maya Squad".<ref>{{Cite news |date=18 January 2024 |title=Bigg Boss Tamil 7: Second runner-up Maya Krishnan expresses gratitude to fans |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/bigg-boss-tamil-7-second-runnerup-maya-krishnan-expresses-gratitude-to-fans/articleshow/106951156.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240319072405/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/bigg-boss-tamil-7-second-runnerup-maya-krishnan-expresses-gratitude-to-fans/articleshow/106951156.cms |archive-date=19 March 2024 |accessdate=20 April 2024 |newspaper=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size: 95%;"
|+ List of Maya S. Krishnan television credits
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Program
! scope="col" | Role
! scope="col" | Channel
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Notes
|-
|2023-2024||''[[Bigg Boss (Tamil season 7)|Bigg Boss 7]]''||Contestant
|[[Vijay TV]]
|2nd Runner Up
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
[https://www.instagram.com/ilulucollective/ ILULU Collective]
* {{IMDb name|9306232}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Krishnan, Maya S.}}
[[Category:Indian film actresses]]
[[Category:Tamil actresses]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]
[[Category:Indian television actresses]]
[[Category:Actresses in Tamil cinema]]
[[Category:Actresses from Madurai]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Indian lesbian actresses]]
[[Category:Indian LGBTQ actors]]

Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research

2026-01-24T09:52:25Z

ElijahCombs83: Improved wording and formatting

{{Short description|Private university located in Chennai, TN}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2017}}
{{Promotional|date=October 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2017}}
{{Infobox university
| name = Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research
| former_names = Bharath Engineering College Bharath University
| image_name = Bharath University Logo.png
| image_size = 200px
| motto = Win the world by innovation. To the stars by hard work.
| established = {{start date and age|1984}}
| chairman = [[S. Jagathrakshakan]]
| chancellor = [[Mohamed Rela]]
| vice_chancellor = M. Sundararajan ''(I/C)''
| city = [[Chennai]]
| state = [[Tamil Nadu]]
| country = [[India]]
| coor = {{coord|12.907748|80.142163|display=inline,title}}
| students =
| academic_staff =
| campus = [[Urban areas|Urban]] Around {{convert|305|acre|ha|abbr=on}} spread across 4 campuses.
| free_label = Accreditation
| free = [[National Assessment and Accreditation Council|NAAC]] ([[National Assessment and Accreditation Council#Grading|'A' Grade]])<ref>{{cite web|title=The Accreditation Results of Deemed to be Universities approved by the Executive Committee on 16th November, 2015.|url=http://www.naac.gov.in/newres1k.asp|access-date=16 January 2016}}</ref>
| affiliations = [[University Grants Commission (India)|UGC]], [[Association of Indian Universities|AIU]], [[All India Council for Technical Education|AICTE]]
| website = [http://www.bharathuniv.ac.in www.bharathuniv.ac.in]
| logo = [[File:Bharath University Signature.png|200px]]
}}

'''Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research''' ('''BIHER'''), also known as '''Bharath Institute of Science and Technology''' ('''BIST'''), informally referred to as '''Bharath University''', and formerly known as '''Bharath Engineering College''', is a [[Private university|private]] [[Deemed University|deemed university]] located in [[Chennai]], the capital of [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]]. It is also one of the universities recognized by the [[University Grants Commission (India)|University Grants Commission]] (UGC).

==History==
Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research was founded in 1984 as Bharath Institute of Science and Technology by [[S. Jagathrakshakan]]. It is among the first autonomous engineering colleges in [[Tamil Nadu]].<ref>{{cite web|title=About Bharath University|url=http://www.bharathuniv.ac.in/frmabout.php|access-date=16 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160122162159/http://www.bharathuniv.ac.in/frmabout.php|archive-date=22 January 2016|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref> It was first affiliated to [[Madras University]] followed by [[Anna University]]. The institute was awarded [[deemed university]] status in 2002 by the [[University Grants Commission (India)|University Grants Commission]]. Hence, the name was changed to Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research. In September 2006, it was renamed as Bharath University per a decree issued by the [[University Grants Commission (India)|University Grants Commission]] enabling deemed universities to include the word "university" in their names. In November 2017, it was again renamed as Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research following a directive issued by [[University Grants Commission (India)|University Grants Commission]] and an order by the [[Supreme Court of India]] to all the deemed universities in India.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/ugc-deemed-to-be-varsities-must-drop-university-from-name-4933385/ |title=UGC: Deemed-to-be varsities must drop ‘university’ from name |date=2017-11-12 |work=The Indian Express |access-date=2017-12-10 |language=en-US}}</ref>

==Academics==
The university offers [[undergraduate]], [[postgraduate]] and [[doctoral]] programs in fields such as [[science]], [[technology]], [[engineering]], [[medicine]] (including [[dentistry]], [[physiotherapy]] and [[nursing]]), [[arts]] and [[management]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.linkedin.com/edu/school?id=162033|title=Bharath University | access-date=16 January 2016}}</ref>

==Awards==

*It was awarded the "Best Private University of the Year" by World Education Congress for 2014.<ref>{{cite web|title=Award Winners 2014|url=http://www.worldeducationcongress.com/awdwinners2014.html|website=worldeducationcongress.com|access-date=29 January 2016}}</ref>
*The university was awarded the "Best Multi Stream University" in 2014 by [[ASSOCHAM]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Bharath University Bags Award|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/chennai/Bharath-University-Bags-Award/2014/02/26/article2077444.ece|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160205062328/http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/chennai/Bharath-University-Bags-Award/2014/02/26/article2077444.ece|url-status=dead|archive-date=5 February 2016|access-date=29 January 2016|agency=The New Indian Express}}</ref>

==Campuses==

Bharath University has five campuses, four in Chennai and one in Puducherry.<ref>{{cite web|title=www.bharathuniv.ac.in/naac/2015/ssr.pdf|url=http://www.bharathuniv.ac.in/naac/2015/ssr.pdf|website=bharathuniv.ac.in|access-date=27 January 2016}}{{dead link|date=July 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> The details of the campuses and their departments are in the list below.<ref>{{cite web|title=Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research|url=http://www.bharathuniv.ac.in/academic.php|website=bharathuniv.ac.in|access-date=25 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160122082026/http://www.bharathuniv.ac.in/academic.php|archive-date=22 January 2016|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

===Bharath Institute of Science and Technology===

This is the main campus of the deemed university which was established in 1984. It is in Chennai and was initially known as Bharath Engineering College. The name was changed to Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research in 2002 when it attained deemed university status. In 2003, the college was again renamed as Bharath Institute of Science and Technology and brought under Bharath University with the other constituent colleges.

Departments:<ref>{{cite web|title=Engineering & Technology|url=http://www.bharathuniv.ac.in/engineering.php|website=bharathuniv.ac.in|access-date=25 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160122132301/http://www.bharathuniv.ac.in/engineering.php|archive-date=22 January 2016|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

{{Col-begin|width=80%}}
{{Col-2}}
*Aeronautical Engineering
*Aerospace Engineering
*Automobile Engineering
*Biomedical Engineering
*Industrial Biotechnology
*Agriculture
*Architecture
*Chemistry
*Civil Engineering
*Computer Application
*Computer Science & Engineering
*Electronics and Communication Engineering
*Electrical and Electronics Engineering
*Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering
{{Col-2}}
*Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering
*English
*Genetic Engineering
*Information Technology
*Mathematics
*Management Studies
*Mechanical Engineering
*[[Mechatronics]]
*Physics
{{Col-end}}

===Bharath School of Arts & Science===

It was previously known as Sri Lakshmi Ammal Engineering College and later turned into an arts and science college under Bharath Group of Institutions. It is situated in Thiruvanchery next to Selaiyur, Tambaram.

Departments:<ref>{{cite web|title=Departments|url=https://basc.ac.in/departments/|website=basc.ac.in}}</ref>

{{Col-begin|width=80%}}
{{Col-2}}
*Business Administration
*Biotechnology & Microbiology
*Chemistry
*Commerce
*Computer Science and Computer Applications
*English
*Maths
*Physics
*Public Administration and Governance
*Tamil
*Tourism and Hospitality Management
*Visual Communication
{{Col-end}}

Institutions in the same campus:

*Bharath Institute of Law
*Bharath Polytechnic College
*Shree Bharath Vidhyashram
*Bharath Faculty of Pharmacy

===Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital===

This college was established in 2004 and is in Chennai.

Departments:<ref>{{cite web|title=Departments|url=http://www.sbdch.ac.in/frmoralmedicineradiology.html|website=sbdch.ac.in|access-date=25 January 2016|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160129165048/http://www.sbdch.ac.in/frmoralmedicineradiology.html|archive-date=29 January 2016|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

{{Col-begin|width=80%}}
{{Col-2}}
*Anesthesiology and Pain Clinic
*Biochemistry
*Chest & TB
*Casualty (Accident & Emergency Medicine)
*Cardiac Care Center
*Community Medicine
*Dermatology
*ENT & Head Neck Surgery
*Forensic Medicine and Toxicology
*General Medicine
*General Surgery
*Microbiology
{{Col-2}}
*Neurology
*Neuro Surgery
*Obstetrics and Gynaecology
*Ophthalmology
*Orthopaedics
*Paediatrics
*Pathology
*Psychiatry
*Pharmacology
*Radiology & Imaging Sciences
*Surgical Gastroenterology
*Urology & Nephrology
{{Col-end}}

College on the same campus:<ref>{{cite web|title=Contact - Sree Balaji College of Nursing|url=http://www.sbcn.ac.in/contact.htm|website=sbcn.ac.in|access-date=25 January 2016}}</ref>
*Sree Balaji College of Nursing, Chennai (estd. 2007)

===Sri Lakshmi Narayana Institute of Medical Sciences & Hospital===

This college was established in 2007 and is in Puducherry.

Departments:<ref>{{cite web|title=Departments|url=http://www.slims.ac.in/department.php|website=slims.ac.in|access-date=25 January 2016}}</ref>

{{Col-begin|width=80%}}
{{Col-2}}
*Anaesthesiology
*Anatomy
*Biochemistry
*Community Medicine
*Dentistry
*Dermatology
*ENT
*Forensic Medicine
*General Medicine
*General Surgery
*Microbiology
{{Col-2}}
*Obstetrics & Gynaecology
*Ophthalmology
*Orthopaedics
*Paediatrics
*Pathology
*Pharmacology
*Physiology
*Psychiatry
*Radiology
*TB & Chest
{{Col-end}}

College on the same campus:

*Sri Lakshmi Narayana College of Engineering

===Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital===

This college was established in 2002 and is in Chennai.

Departments:<ref>{{cite web|title=Departments|url=http://www.sbmch.ac.in/departments.aspx|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150306061122/http://www.sbmch.ac.in/departments.aspx|url-status=dead|archive-date=6 March 2015|website=sbmch.ac.in|access-date=25 January 2016}}</ref>

{{Col-begin|width=80%}}
{{Col-2}}
*Oral Medicine & Radiology
*Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology
*Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics
*Periodontics
*Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
*Orthodontics
*Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry
*Prosthodontics and Crown & Bridge
*Anatomy
{{Col-2}}
*Pharmacology
*Microbiology
*Bio Chemistry
*General Surgery
*General Medicine
*Physiology
*Community Dentistry
*Oral Pathology
{{Col-end}}

College on the same campus:<ref>{{cite web|title=Sree Balaji College of Physiotherapy, Velachery Main Road, Narayanapuram, Pallikaranai, Chennai|url=http://www.sbcp.ac.in/contact.htm|website=sbcp.ac.in|access-date=25 January 2016}}</ref>
*Sree Balaji College of Physiotherapy, Chennai (estd. 2007)

===Bhaarath Medical College and Hospital===

Departments:
{{Col-begin|width=80%}}
{{Col-2}}
*Human Anatomy
*Human Physiology
*Bio Chemistry
*Pathology(inc. Blood Bank)
*Microbiology
*Pharmacology
*Forensic Medicine including Toxicology
*Community Medicine
*General Medicine
*Ophthalmology
*Obstetrics & Gynaecology
*Anaesthesiology
{{Col-2}}
*Pediatrics
*Psychiatry
*Dermatology, Venerealogy & Leprosy
*Tuberculosis & Respiratory Diseases
*General Surgery
*Orthopaedics
*Radio-Diagnosis
*Otorhinolaryngology
*Dentistry
*Dental Surgery
*Venereology
{{Col-end}}

===Bhaarath College of Nursing===

Courses
{{Col-begin|width=80%}}
{{Col-2}}
*B.Sc. Nursing
{{Col-end}}

==Rankings==
{{Infobox India university ranking
| type=Institute
|NIRF_O_2024=91|NIRF_U_2024=73}}

The [[National Institutional Ranking Framework]] (NIRF) has ranked Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research 91st overall and 73rd among universities in 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |title=2024 NIRF Ranking |url=https://www.nirfindia.org/nirfpdfcdn/2024/pdf/Report/IR2024_Report.pdf}}</ref>

==Notable alumni==
*[[Naresh Babu]] - professional motorcycle road racer
*[[Suruthi Periyasamy]] - a runway model and actress
*[[Kanna Ravi]] - an Indian Tamil actor

==See also==

*[[List of deemed universities]]
*[[Deemed University]]

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

{{Education in Tamil Nadu}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Deemed universities in India]]
[[Category:Universities in Chennai]]
[[Category:Academic institutions formerly affiliated with the University of Madras]]
[[Category:1984 establishments in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 1984]]

Kanhaiya Nagar metro station

2026-01-18T22:07:45Z

ElijahCombs83: expanded content

{{Short description|Metro station in Delhi, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2015}}
{{more citations needed|date=June 2010}}
{{Infobox station
| name = [[File:Delhi Metro logo.svg|50px]] Kanhaiya Nagar
| type = {{Delhi Metro Infobox station line|line=Red}}
| style = Delhi Metro
| image = KANhaDELHI.jpg
| image_caption = Kanhaiya Nagar metro station
| address = Kanhaiya Nagar, Tri Nagar, Delhi, 110035
| coordinates = {{Coord|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
| line = {{rcb|Delhi Metro|Red|croute}}
| other =
| structure = [[Elevated]]
| platform = [[Side platform]] Platform-1 → {{ltl|Delhi Metro|Red|L}} Platform-2 → {{ltl|Delhi Metro|Red|R}}
| depth =
| levels = 2
| tracks = 2
| parking = {{Parking symbol}} Available
| bicycle =
| opened = {{start date and age|2004|3|31|df=yes}}
| closed =
| rebuilt =
| electrified = {{25 kV 50 Hz}} through [[overhead catenary]]
| accessible = Yes {{access icon}}
| code = {{#property:P296}}
| owned = [[Delhi Metro Rail Corporation]]
| zone =
| smartcardname =
| smartcardstatus =
| former =
| passengers = 8,794 /day 272,616/ Month average
| pass_year = Jan 2015
| pass_rank =
| pass_percent =
| pass_system =
| mpassengers =
| services = {{Adjacent stations|system=Delhi Metro|line=Red|right=Inderlok|left=Keshav Puram}}
| route_map = {{Delhi Metro Red Line Route}}
| map_state = collapsed
| mapframe = yes
| mapframe-marker = rail
| mapframe-marker-color = #{{rail color|Delhi Metro|Red}}
| mapframe-zoom = 14
}}
The '''Kanhaiya Nagar''' metro station is located on the [[Red Line (Delhi Metro)|Red Line]] of the [[Delhi Metro]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.delhimetrorail.com/commuters/station_information.html |title=Station Information |access-date=2010-06-26 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100619035828/http://delhimetrorail.com/commuters/station_information.html |archive-date=19 June 2010 }}</ref> This Metro Station serves thousand of daily commuters. The main beneficiary are those living in Kanhaiya Nagar ([[Tri Nagar (Delhi Assembly constituency)|Tri Nagar]]) and [[Ashok Vihar]].

==Station layout==
{|table border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=3
|style="border-top:solid 1px grey;border-bottom:solid 1px grey;" width=50 rowspan=4 valign=top|'''L2'''
|style="border-top:solid 1px grey;border-right:solid 2px black;border-left:solid 2px black;border-bottom:solid 2px black;text-align:center;" colspan=2|[[Side platform]] | Doors will open on the left {{access icon}}
|-
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px grey;" width=100|'''Platform 2''' '''Eastbound'''
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px grey;" width=500|Towards → {{ltl|Delhi Metro|Red|R}} '''Next Station:''' {{stl|Delhi Metro|Inderlok}} '''''Change at the next station for '''{{rcb|Delhi Metro|Green|croute}}''
|-
|'''Platform 1''' '''Westbound'''
|Towards ← {{ltl|Delhi Metro|Red|L}} '''Next Station:''' {{stl|Delhi Metro|Keshav Puram}}
|-
|style="border-top:solid 2px black;border-right:solid 2px black;border-left:solid 2px black;border-bottom:solid 1px grey;text-align:center;" colspan=2|[[Side platform]] | Doors will open on the left {{access icon}}
|-
|valign=top|'''L1'''
|valign=top|Concourse
|valign=top|Fare control, station agent, Metro Card vending machines, crossover
|-
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px grey;border-top:solid 1px grey;" width=50 valign=top|'''G'''
|style="border-top:solid 1px grey;border-bottom:solid 1px grey;" width=100 valign=top|Street Level
|style="border-top:solid 1px grey;border-bottom:solid 1px grey;" width=500 valign=top|Exit/Entrance
|}

==Entry/Exit==
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" width="65%"
|-
! align="center" colspan="5" style="background:#{{rcr|Delhi Metro|Red}};"| Kanhaiya Nagar metro station Entry/exits
|-
! style="width:15%;"|Gate No-1
! style="width:15%;"|Gate No-2
! style="width:15%;"|Gate No-3
! style="width:15%;"|Gate No-4 {{access icon}}
|-
|Tota Ram Bazaar
|Tri Nagar
|JJ Colony
|MDC Complex
|-
|}

==Facilities==
List of available [[Cash machine|ATM]] at Tri Nagar metro station are
<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.delhimetrorail.com/ATM_details.aspx|title = DMRC : ATM Details}}</ref>

* Punjab National Bank
* Oriental Bank of Commerce

Tri Nagar Metro station also has a parking facility.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.delhimetrorail.com/parkingfacility.aspx|title = DMRC : Parking Facilities}}</ref>
{{hidden begin
| title=[[Delhi Metro]] Parking charges |state=
| titlestyle=font-size: 1.15em; padding: 5px 5px 5px 115px; text-align: left; border: 1px #b2b2b2 solid; background-color: #f2f2f2;
| expanded=
| style=width: 65%; margin-left: 19px;
}}
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! rowspan="2"|Types of Vehicles
!! colspan="3"|Parking Charges in INR
!! rowspan="2"|Monthly charges
!! colspan="2"|Night charges (Extra) (00:00 hrs to 05:00 hrs)
|-
! data-sort-type="numeric"|Up to 6 hrs. !! data-sort-type="numeric"|Up to 12 hrs. !! data-sort-type="numeric"|More Than 12 hrs. !!data-sort-type="numeric"|Daily !! data-sort-type="numeric"|Monthly
|-
| Cars/SUV/Taxis|| align="right"|20 || align="right"|30 || align="right"|40 ||align="right"| 1000 || align="right" |40 ||align="right"| 1000
|-
| Two Wheelers/Auto rickshaws (Scooter, Motorbike.)|| align="right"|10 || align="right"|15 || align="right"|20 || align="right" |475 ||align="right"|20 || align="right" |475
|-
| Cycle || align="right"|3 || align="right"|4 || align="right"|5 || align="right"|45 || align="right"|5 || align="right"|45
|-
|}
{{hidden end}}
{{clear}}

==See also==
*[[List of Delhi Metro stations]]
*[[Transport in Delhi]]
*[[Delhi Metro Rail Corporation]]
*[[Delhi Suburban Railway]]
*[[Rapid transit in India|List of rapid transit systems in India]]
*[[Delhi Transport Corporation]]
*[[List of Metro Systems]]
{{Clear}}
{{Portal bar|Trains|Transport|Engineering}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons|Delhi Metro}}
{{Wikivoyage|Delhi}}
* [http://www.delhimetrorail.com/ Delhi Metro Rail Corporation Ltd. (Official site)]
* [http://www.delhimetrorail.com/annual_report.aspx/ Delhi Metro Annual Reports]
* {{cite web|title=Station Information |work=Delhi Metro Rail Corporation Ltd. (DMRC) |url=http://www.delhimetrorail.com/commuters/station_information.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100619035828/http://delhimetrorail.com/commuters/station_information.html |archive-date=19 June 2010 |df=dmy }}
* [https://www.urbanrail.net ''UrbanRail.Net''] – descriptions of all metro systems in the world, each with a schematic map showing all stations.

{{Delhi Metro}}
{{Delhi & NCR Metro stations|red line=yes}}

[[Category:Railway stations in India opened in 2004]]
[[Category:Delhi Metro stations]]
[[Category:Railway stations in North West Delhi district]]

{{Delhi-metro-stub}}
{{Delhi-railstation-stub}}

Mysskin

2026-01-08T00:20:15Z

ElijahCombs83: expanded citations also and corrected details per sources

{{Short description|Indian film director and screenwriter}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2016}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Mysskin
| image = Mysskin, Tamil filmmaker.jpg
| caption = Mysskin in 2011
| birthname = Shanmugha Raja
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1971|09|20|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Madras]], [[Tamil Nadu]], India
| occupation = Film director, Screenwriter, Lyricist, Playback singer, Actor, Film producer, Composer
| yearsactive = 2002–present
| spouse =
| children = 1
}}

'''Shanmugha Raja''', known professionally as '''Mysskin''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|m|ɪ|ʃ|k|ɪ|n}}), is an Indian film director, screenwriter, lyricist, playback singer, actor, film producer and composer.<ref>{{Cite web|date=20 September 2020|title=Mysskin — Missing the forest for the trees {{!}} FCCI|url=https://filmcriticscircle.com/journal/mysskin-missing-the-forest-for-the-trees/|access-date=26 October 2020|website=Journal of Indian Cinema|language=en-GB|archive-date=28 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201028024714/https://filmcriticscircle.com/journal/mysskin-missing-the-forest-for-the-trees/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.thequint.com/entertainment/celebrities/mysskin-psycho-director-tamil-bends-genres|title=Ahead of Psycho's Release, Delving Into Mysskin's Unique Craft|date=21 January 2020|website=The Quint|language=en|access-date=3 February 2020|archive-date=3 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200203042055/https://www.thequint.com/entertainment/celebrities/mysskin-psycho-director-tamil-bends-genres|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Lakshmi |first=V. |title=Mysskin turns composer for a crime thriller |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/mysskin-turns-composer-for-a-crime-thriller/articleshow/92533574.cms |url-status=live |website=Times of India |date=June 29, 2022 |access-date=July 3, 2023 |archive-date=14 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230714080100/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/mysskin-turns-composer-for-a-crime-thriller/articleshow/92533574.cms }}</ref>

He made his directorial debut in 2006 with ''[[Chithiram Pesuthadi]]''. His subsequent films ''[[Anjathe]]'' (2008), ''[[Nandalala]]'' (2010) and ''[[Onaayum Aattukkuttiyum]]'' (2013) and ''[[Pisaasu]]'' (2014) received critical acclaim. He made his acting debut with ''[[Nandalala]]'' (2010), where he portrayed a [[mentally disabled]] man.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/review/south-review-nadhalala/20101126.htm|title=Nandhalala is brilliant|access-date=19 August 2024|archive-date=19 August 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240819150158/https://www.rediff.com/movies/review/south-review-nadhalala/20101126.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Early life ==
Shanmugha Raja chose Mysskin as his assumed name, inspired by [[Prince Myshkin]], the protagonist in [[Fyodor Dostoevsky]]'s novel ''[[The Idiot]]''.<ref name=":1">{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/did-you-know/shanmugha-raja-is-the-real-name-of-director-mysskin/articleshow/65993783.cms|title=Shanmugha Raja is the real name of director Mysskin|website=The Times of India|language=en|access-date=3 February 2020|archive-date=20 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220520102046/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/did-you-know/shanmugha-raja-is-the-real-name-of-director-mysskin/articleshow/65993783.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> His schooling was in [[Tamil language|Tamil]]. He is an avid book reader.<ref name=behindwoods>{{cite news|url=http://www.behindwoods.com/features/Interviews/interview-5/director/mysskin.html|title=Director Mysskin|newspaper=Behindwoods|access-date=1 March 2015|archive-date=5 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141005023928/http://www.behindwoods.com/features/Interviews/interview-5/director/mysskin.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Career ==

Mysskin was working in a book store when director [[Kathir]] first asked him to join him. He was with him for nearly eight months but did not work in any movie. It was under director [[Vincent Selva]] that he did his first movie ''[[Youth (2002 film)|Youth]]'', followed by ''[[Jithan]]'', again under Vincent Selva.<ref name=behindwoods/>

Mysskin made his directorial debut in 2006 with the low-budget film ''[[Chithiram Pesuthadi]]'', which went on to become one of the biggest hits of the year. A simple love story, it became a hit owing to the unique style the film was written in. The leads, debutants [[Narain (actor)|Narain]] and [[Bhavana (actress)|Bhavana]], went on to become popular faces following the success. He then directed ''[[Anjathe]]'' (2008) which became one of the biggest blockbusters in Tamil cinema. The film received critical acclaim for all departments of filmmaking. The film was also noted for its narrative style and [[mise-en-scène]], which marked an example of Tamil new wave cinema.<ref>{{cite journal|author=Kalorth, Nithin|url=https://www.academia.edu/4810771|title=Identification and Analysis of Images in Anjathey|journal=Media Watch|volume=4|number=3|issn=0976-0911|date=September 2013|pages=391–399|doi=10.1177/0976091120130311|s2cid=61507138|doi-access=free}}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

Mysskin went on to direct ''[[Nandalala]]'' (2010), a film loosely based on Takeshi Kitano's ''[[Kikujiro]]'' (1999) and being completely different from his first two ventures. The film is about a young boy and a mentally challenged person going in search of their respective mothers. Mysskin himself chose to play the mentally challenged character (marking his major acting debut) after the script was turned down by many established actors. The film went on to become his most critically acclaimed film, with some critics calling it one of the best Tamil films ever made.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/review/south-review-nadhalala/20101126.htm|title=Review: Nandhalala is brilliant|access-date=5 August 2016|archive-date=10 September 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160910193530/http://www.rediff.com/movies/review/south-review-nadhalala/20101126.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>

His next film, ''[[Yuddham Sei]]'' (2011), a dark crime thriller was a hit at the box office as well. His visual style and directing prowess were appreciated and talked about by everybody.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/south-review-yuddham-sei/20110204.htm|title=Review: Yuddham Sei is gripping|access-date=5 August 2016|archive-date=29 July 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160729133320/http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/south-review-yuddham-sei/20110204.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2012, the superhero film ''[[Mugamoodi]]'' has all the makings of a successful film but ends up disappointing.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/review/south-review-mugamoodi-fails-to-impress/20120831.htm|title=Review: Mugamoodi fails to impress|access-date=19 August 2024|archive-date=19 August 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240819150159/https://www.rediff.com/movies/review/south-review-mugamoodi-fails-to-impress/20120831.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> He then both produced and directed the film ''[[Onaayum Aattukkuttiyum]]'' (2013).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-cinema-fans-column/a-royal-salute-to-the-master-of-screenplay.html|title = Onaayum Aattukuttiyum Movie Review by Common Man}}</ref> Mysskin, known for his offbeat subjects tries his hand for the first time at a horror thriller genre. ''[[Pisaasu]]'' (2014) which has the signature style of Mysskin has been produced by director [[Bala (director)|Bala]]'s home banner [[B Studios]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/141220/entertainment-kollywood/article/movie-review-%E2%80%98pisasu%E2%80%99-different-usual-horror-films?infinitescroll=1|title=Different from usual horror films|access-date=19 August 2024|archive-date=19 August 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240819150157/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/141220/entertainment-kollywood/article/movie-review-%E2%80%98pisasu%E2%80%99-different-usual-horror-films?infinitescroll=1|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2017, ''[[Thupparivaalan]]'' is inspired by [[Arthur Conan Doyle]]'s famous detective thriller [[Sherlock Holmes]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/reviews/story/thupparivaalan-movie-review-vishal-mysskin-prasanna-andrea-1045164-2017-09-15|title=Thupparivaalan review: Vishal's film is a solid crime thriller|access-date=19 August 2024|archive-date=5 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220705155200/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/reviews/story/thupparivaalan-movie-review-vishal-mysskin-prasanna-andrea-1045164-2017-09-15|url-status=live}}</ref>

Mysskin has found success as an actor in films not directed by him. In the film ''[[Savarakathi]]'' (2018), he played the antagonist opposite director [[Ram (director)|Ram]]. The film was an average commercial success but was praised by critics. He also had an important cameo appearance in [[Thiagarajan Kumararaja]]'s ''[[Super Deluxe (film)|Super Deluxe]]'' (2019).<ref>{{Cite web|date=3 March 2019|title=Super Deluxe: Director Mysskin spills the beans on Vijay Sethupathi film|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/super-deluxe-director-mysskin-spills-the-beans-on-vijay-sethupathi-film-1469343-2019-03-03|access-date=22 July 2021|website=[[India Today]]|archive-date=22 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210722054532/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/super-deluxe-director-mysskin-spills-the-beans-on-vijay-sethupathi-film-1469343-2019-03-03|url-status=live}}</ref> Later, he has directed the psychological thriller ''[[Psycho (2020 film)|Psycho]]'' (2020).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/psycho-review-tamil-movie-22864|title=Psycho Review}}</ref>

He has also played antagonistic roles in films such as ''[[Maaveeran (2023 film)|Maaveeran]]'' (2023)<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-05-30 |title=Mysskin on his role in Sivakarthikeyan's 'Maaveeran': I will play a negative character who wears a traditional veshti and shirt |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/mysskin-on-his-role-in-sivakarthikeyans-maaveeran-i-will-play-a-negative-character-who-wears-a-traditional-veshti-and-shirt/articleshow/100612354.cms |access-date=2024-06-09 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> and ''[[Leo (2023 Indian film)|Leo]]'' (2023).<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-09-20 |title=When Thalapathy Vijay Left Mysskin With 'A BLOODY Mouth' During Leo Action Scene |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/tamil/when-thalapathy-vijay-left-mysskin-with-a-bloody-mouth-during-leo-action-scene-article-103796723 |access-date=2024-06-09 |website=Times Now |language=en |archive-date=9 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240609163211/https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/tamil/when-thalapathy-vijay-left-mysskin-with-a-bloody-mouth-during-leo-action-scene-article-103796723 |url-status=live }}</ref> He debuted as music director with ''[[Devil (2024 film)|Devil]]'' (2024).<ref name="D"/>

==Filmmaking style==
Mysskin is inspired by filmmakers such as [[Akira Kurosawa]], [[Robert Bresson]] and [[Takeshi Kitano]]. He is known for his peculiar [[Combat in film|combat sequences]] using elaborate [[storyboard]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pLZa27PiJ1s |title=Mysskin choreographs fights with storyboard |website=[[YouTube]] |access-date=17 September 2017 |archive-date=20 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220520104546/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pLZa27PiJ1s |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=8q0fXQ-O6Jw |title=Mysskin says storyboarding helps cut costs |website=[[YouTube]] |access-date=20 September 2017 |archive-date=14 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230714080100/https://www.youtube.com/watch?app=desktop&v=8q0fXQ-O6Jw |url-status=live }}</ref> and real [[Martial arts#By technical focus|unarmed martial]] [[Strike (attack)|strikes]] and [[Stance (martial arts)|stances]];<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=zg8CqVKwW28 |title=Mysskin storyboarding combat sequence for Thupparivaalan |website=[[YouTube]] |access-date=19 September 2017 |archive-date=14 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230714080101/https://www.youtube.com/watch?app=desktop&v=zg8CqVKwW28 |url-status=live }}</ref> unconventional [[Shot (filmmaking)|shots]] (like close-ups of feet); [[Cinematic techniques#Diegetic sound|diegetic sound]], light, [[silhouette]] and shadow; stage techniques (like [[monologue]], face-floor, motion-freeze); [[staccato]] background score; meticulous [[Scene (filmmaking)|scene]] and [[set construction]]; irony-laden dialogues; [[Ellipsis (narrative device)|ellipses]]; [[minimalism]]; deep characterization (with archetypal hairdo, dress, accent, posture, gesture, locale, furniture); limited use of song choreography; and [[neo-noir]] renditions where the lead role is not infallible.

Mysskin is known to start film shoot only after a bound script is ready. He rigorously annotates his scripts with [[Cue (theatrical)|cues]] and [[camera lens]] focal lengths for each scene.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20170918021036/http://www.sify.com/movies/films-can-be-made-without-songs-mysskin-news-national-ngxnazjfbbhsi.html Films can be made without songs or heroines, says Mysskin]</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20170918020949/http://www.sify.com/movies/mysskin-s-plea-to-women-audience-news-tamil-pjqkzAfjedbih.html Cuss words are needed for realism, says Mysskin]</ref> He says that his films are influenced by the works of Kurosawa.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20160127121841/http://www.sify.com/movies/mysskin-pays-respect-to-akira-kurosawa-news-tamil-qb1kgrideadec.html Mysskin admits Kurosawa influence]</ref>

His assistant directors like G. R. Adithya <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/features/passionate-proud-1916805|title=Passionate & proud|access-date=19 August 2024|archive-date=22 February 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250222094554/https://www.deccanherald.com/features/passionate-proud-1916805|url-status=live}}</ref> and Sri Ganesh have also made successful films like ''[[Savarakathi]] and [[8 Thottakkal]].''<ref>{{Cite web |last=V |first=Harshini S. |date=2022-08-06 |title=Mysskin Sir Introduced Me To World Cinema: Kuruthi Aattam Filmmaker Sri Ganesh |url=https://www.filmcompanion.in/interviews/mysskin-sir-introduced-me-to-world-cinema-kuruthi-aaatam-filmmaker-sri-ganesh |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240527165714/https://www.filmcompanion.in/interviews/mysskin-sir-introduced-me-to-world-cinema-kuruthi-aaatam-filmmaker-sri-ganesh |archive-date=27 May 2024 |access-date=2024-06-09 |website=www.filmcompanion.in |language=en}}</ref>

== Personal life ==
Mysskin has a daughter.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Did you know who is the mysterious girl from the Mysskin's Pongal celebration viral picture? Read here|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/mysterious-girl-revealed-mysskins-pongal-celebration-viral-picture/articleshow/106901081.cms|work=The Times of India|date=2024-01-16|access-date=2025-11-28}}</ref> His younger brother Aathityaa directed ''[[Devil (2024 film)|Devil]]'' (2024), for which he composed the music.<ref name="D">{{Cite web|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/reviews/tamil/devil-movie-review-works-in-parts-but-gets-undone-in-the-end-review-107335576|title=Devil Movie Review: Works In Parts But Gets Undone In The End|date=2 February 2024|website=TimesNow|access-date=6 February 2024|archive-date=6 February 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240206021823/https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/reviews/tamil/devil-movie-review-works-in-parts-but-gets-undone-in-the-end-review-107335576|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Filmography ==
* ''All films are in Tamil, unless otherwise noted.''

{| class="wikitable"
| style="background:#ffc;"|{{Dagger}}
| Denotes films that have not yet been released
|}

=== As director ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ List of Mysskin film directing credits
|-
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Film
! class="unsortable" scope="col" | Notes
|-
| 2006 || ''[[Chithiram Pesuthadi]]'' ||
|-
| 2008 || ''[[Anjathe]]'' || Nominated, [[Filmfare Award for Best Director – Tamil]] Nominated, [[Vijay Award for Best Director]]
|-
| 2010 || ''[[Nandalala]]'' ||Also lead role
|-
| 2011 || ''[[Yuddham Sei]]'' ||
|-
| 2012 || ''[[Mugamoodi]]'' ||
|-
| 2013 || ''[[Onaayum Aattukkuttiyum]]'' ||
|-
| 2014 || ''[[Pisaasu]]'' ||
|-
| 2017 || ''[[Thupparivaalan]]'' ||
|-
| 2020 || ''[[Psycho (2020 film)|Psycho]]'' ||
|-
| {{tba}} ||{{pending film|Pisasu 2}} || Delayed
|-
| {{tba}} ||{{pending film|Train}} || Post-production
|}

=== As actor ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ List of Mysskin film acting credits
|-
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Film
! scope="col" | Role
! class="unsortable" scope="col" | Notes
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2002 || ''[[Youth (2002 film)|Youth]]'' || Man in song "Old Model Laila" || rowspan="3" | Uncredited role
|-
| ''[[Kadhal Virus]]'' || Man at film shoot
|-
| 2005 || ''[[Jithan]]'' || Man at phone booth
|-
| 2010 || ''[[Nandalala]]'' || Bhaskar Mani || Lead role
|-
| 2013 || ''[[Onaayum Aattukkuttiyum]]'' || Wolf / Edward ||
|-
| 2018 ||''[[Savarakkaththi]]'' || Mangeswaran || Also producer
|-
| rowspan="3"| 2019 || ''[[Super Deluxe (film)|Super Deluxe]]'' || Arputham ||
|-
| ''[[Kattumaram (film)|Kattumaram]]'' || Singaram ||
|-
| ''[[Suttu Pidikka Utharavu]]'' || Ibrahim ||
|-
| 2021 || ''[[Bachelor (2021 film)|Bachelor]]'' || Pastor Doctor || Cameo appearance
|-
| rowspan="3"|2023 || ''[[Maaveeran (2023 film)|Maaveeran]]'' || M. N. Jeyakodi ||
|-
| ''[[Are You Ok Baby?]]'' || Child Welfare Committee Director ||
|-
| ''[[Leo (2023 Indian film)|Leo]]'' || Shanmugam ||
|-
|2024 ||''[[Devil (2024 film)|Devil]]''|| Himself || Cameo appearance
|-
| rowspan="3" |2025 || ''[[Vanangaan]]'' || Judge Kuberan ||
|-
|''[[Dragon (2025 film)|Dragon]]'' || S. Mayilvahanan||
|-
|''[[Oho Enthan Baby]]'' || Himself ||
|-
|}

===As writer and producer===
This is a list of films Mysskin worked for other directors.
{| class="wikitable"
|- style="background:#B0C4DE; text-align:center;"
! rowspan="2" scope="col"| Year
! rowspan="2" scope="col" | Title
! scope="col" colspan="2"| Credited as
! rowspan="2" class="unsortable" scope="col" | Notes
|-
!Writer !! Producer
|-
| 2018 ||''[[Savarakkaththi]]'' || {{yes}} || {{yes}} ||
|-
| 2019 || ''[[Super Deluxe (film)|Super Deluxe]]'' || {{yes}} || ||
|-
| 2024 ||''[[Devil (2024 film)|Devil]]'' || || {{partial|Presenter}} || Also music director
|-
|}

===As singer and lyricist===
{| class="wikitable"
|- style="background:#B0C4DE; text-align:center;"
! rowspan="2" scope="col"| Year
! rowspan="2" scope="col" | Film
! scope="col" colspan="2"| Credited as
! rowspan="2" scope="col" | Song
! rowspan="2" scope="col" | Composer
! rowspan="2" class="unsortable" scope="col" | Notes
|-
! Singer !! Lyricist
|-
| 2006 || ''[[Chithiram Pesuthadi]]'' || {{no}} || {{yes}} || "Aaahayam Aaahayam", "Idhu Enna Pudhu Kanavo (M)" ||rowspan="2"|[[Sundar C Babu]] ||
|-
|rowspan=2|2008 || ''[[Anjathe]]'' || {{yes}} || {{no}} || "Kannadhasan Karaikudi", "Acham Thavir" ||
|-
| ''[[Dindigul Sarathy]]'' || {{yes}} || {{no}} || "Sutta Pazhama" || [[Dhina (music director)|Dhina]] ||
|-
| 2011 || ''[[Yuddham Sei]]'' || {{yes}} || {{no}} || "Aararo" & "Vedham Pudhumai" ||rowspan="2"|[[K (music director)|K]] ||
|-
| 2012 || ''[[Mugamoodi]]'' || {{yes}} || {{yes}} || "Bar Anthem" ||
|-
| 2013 || ''[[Thulli Vilayadu]]'' || {{yes}} || {{no}} || "Ammadi Aathadi" || [[Srikanth Deva]] ||
|-
| 2015 || ''[[Kallappadam]]'' || {{yes}} || {{no}} ||"Vellakaara Rani" || [[K (composer)|K]] ||
|-
| rowspan="2"|2016 || rowspan="2"|''[[Savarakkaththi]]'' || {{yes}} || {{no}} || "Kathi Edukkuthaan" || rowspan="4"|[[Arrol Corelli]] ||
|-
| {{no}} || {{yes}} || "Thangakathi" ||
|-
| rowspan="2"|2017 || ''[[Thupparivaalan]]'' || {{yes}} || {{yes}} || "Ivan Thupparivaalan" ||
|-
| ''Detective'' '''(D)''' || {{yes}} || {{no}} || "Title Track" || Telugu dubbed version
|-
| 2020 ||''[[Psycho (2020 film)|Psycho]]''|| {{no}} || {{yes}} ||"Thaai Madiyil"||[[Ilaiyaraaja]] ||
|-
| 2024 ||''[[Devil (2024 film)|Devil]]''|| {{no}} || {{yes}} ||all songs||himself||
|-
|2025||''[[Love Marriage (2025 film)|Love Marriage]]''||{{yes}} ||{{no}}||"Eduda Bottle"||[[Sean Roldan]]||
|-
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb name|4199426|Mysskin}}

{{Mysskin}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mysskin}}
[[Category:Tamil film directors]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian people]]
[[Category:Tamil screenwriters]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Tamil-language playback singers]]
[[Category:Male actors in Tamil cinema]]
[[Category:1971 births]]

Avanibhajana Pallaveshwaram Temple

2025-12-22T15:45:20Z

ElijahCombs83: put up basic place first draft

{{Short description|Shiva temple in Tamil Nadu, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2020}}
{{Infobox temple
| name = Avanibhajana Pallaveshwaram temple
| image = சியமங்கலம் கோவில்.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Image of the temple complex
| map_type = India Tamil Nadu
| map_caption = Location in [[Tamil Nadu]]
| coordinates = {{coord|12|25|52|N|79|27|59|E|type:landmark_region:IN|display=inline,title}}
| native_name =
| country = [[India]]
| state = [[Tamil Nadu]]
| district = [[Tiruvannamalai district|Tiruvannamalai]]
| location = [[Seeyamangalam]]
| elevation_m =
| deity = Stambeswarar([[Shiva]])
| primary_deity_Godess =
| utsava_deity_God =
| utsava_deity_Godess=
| Direction_posture =
| Pushakarani =
| Vimanam =
| Poets =
| Prathyaksham =
| festivals=
| architecture = [[Rock-cut architecture]]
| temple_quantity =
| monument_quantity=
| inscriptions =
| year_completed =
| creator =
| website =
}}
'''Avanibhajana Pallaveshwaram temple''' also called '''Stambeswarar Temple''' is a [[Hindu temple]] dedicated to [[Shiva]], located in the town of [[Seeyamangalam]], [[Tiruvannamalai district]] in [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]]. The temple is constructed in [[Rock-cut architecture]] by the [[Pallava]] king [[Mahendravarman I]] (600-630 CE) during the 7th century. The cave temple had later additions from the [[Chola]] and [[Vijayanagar Empire]].

One of the pillars has a sculpture of Nataraja, believed to be the earliest representation of the deity in South India. The temple has a small three-tiered ''raja[[gopuram]]'', the entrance tower. The temple is declared as a heritage monument and administered by the [[Archaeological Survey of India]] as a protected monument. The other side of the hillock houses the Jain beds established in the 9th century during the reign of [[Western Ganga Dynasty|Western Ganga]] King [[Rachamalla II|Rajamalla II]].

==History==
Stambeswarar temple was built during the reign of [[Pallava]] king [[Mahendravarman I]] (600-630 CE) during the 7th century. It is one of the earliest representations of Rock-cut architecture. The place is called Avanibhajana Pallaveshwaram temple as Avani is one of the titles of King Mahendravarman.<ref name=business/><ref>{{cite book|title=Indian Civilization and Culture|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KItocaxbibUC&dq=siyamangalam&pg=PA411|last=Chatterjee|first=Suhas|publisher=M.D. Publications Pvt. Ltd.|year=1998|isbn=9788175330832|page=411}}</ref> Though the image of the lions in the pillars lead to an assumption that the temple might have been possibly been initiated by [[Simhavishnu]], the father of Mahendravarman, the view is not accepted. The inscriptions, accounted in ''Epigrahia Indica'', is written in [[Sanskrit]] with Grantha-Pallava alphabet. The inscriptions indicate that it was dug out by Lalitankura, which is similar to that of cave temple in [[Tiruchirapalli Rock Fort]] indicating Mahendravarman.<ref>{{cite book|title=The Pallavas|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6o9XCT3XiaMC&dq=siyamangalam&pg=PA31|page=35|last1=Jouveau-Dubreuil|first1=Gabriel |last2=Dikshitar|first2= V. S. Swaminadha|publisher=Asian Educational Services|year=1995|isbn=9788120605749}}</ref> The temple had later additions from the [[Chola]] and [[Vijayanagar Empire]]. The [[gopuram]], the gateway tower is believed to be an addition by the Vijayanagar kings.<ref name=business>{{cite news|title=The praying caves|url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/variety/the-praying-caves/article2834106.ece|publisher=Business Line|last=Sharath|first=Lakshmi|date=26 January 2012|accessdate=15 November 2015}}</ref> The other side of the hillock houses the Jain beds established in the 9th century during the reign of [[Western Ganga dynasty|Ganga King]] [[Rachamalla II|Rajamalla II]].<ref name=CPR/>

==Architecture==
{{Multiple image|caption_align=center|header_align=center
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| total_width = 300
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|image1=Seeyamangalam dvarapala1.JPG
|image2=Seeyamangalam dvarapala2.JPG
|footnotes=Image of [[Dvarapala]]s, the guardian deities
}}
The temple has a three-tiered ''raja[[gopuram]]'' a set of scattered shrines. The shrine of Stambeswarar is housed in the circular sanctum in a rock cut cave. There is a large pillared hall and narrow pillared Ardhmandapam leading to the cave sanctum. The shrine for [[Nandi (bull)|Nadi]] is located outside the pillared hall axial to the central shrine. The sanctum is guarded by two [[Dvarapalas]], the guardian deities. The sanctum houses the image of Shiva in the form of [[lingam]]. In the pillars, lotus is carved on the upper portion, while images of lion is seen in the lower half.<ref name=Pallava>{{cite book|title=Pallava Antiquities - 2 Vols.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QbYKPXQ3DaAC&dq=siyamangalam&pg=PA33|pages=33–35|publisher=Asian Educational Services|first=Gabriel|last=Jouveau-Dubreuil|year=1994|isbn=9788120605718}}</ref> The presiding deity is called Thoonandavar or Stambeswarar on account of the presence of two pillars in front of the temple.<ref name=CPR>{{cite web|title=Seeyamangalam|url=http://www.cpreecenvis.nic.in/Database/Seeyamangalam_2921.aspx|publisher=C.P.R. Environmental Education Centre, Chennai|accessdate=16 November 2015|year=2011}}</ref> One of the pillars in the temple has one of the earliest representations of [[Nataraja]] (the dancing form of Shiva) in Ananda Thandava posture. There are two attendants of Shiva ganas of Nataraja, with one of them playing [[Miruthangam]] (a percussion instrument) and other in praying posture. The pillared hall has images of ''yalis'', the mythical creatures representative of Vijayanagar Art.<ref name=business/> The images of other attendant deities of Shiva are housed in smaller shrines around the sanctum.<ref>{{cite book|title=Lists of the Antiquarian Remains in the Presidency of Madras, Volume 1|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QswOAAAAQAAJ&dq=siyamangalam&pg=PA170|page=170|last=Sewell|first=Robert |publisher=E. Keys|year=1882}}</ref>

==Natarja dance posture==
[[File:Seeyamangalam Natarajar.JPG|200x250px|thumb|Sculpture of Nataraja]]
[[Nataraja]] is the cosmic representation of Shiva's different dance forms. The temple has the earliest representation of Nataraja in sculpture. As per Hindu mythology, Shiva is a violent dancer and while he dances, a snake named Karkodaka winds in his legs, leading to Shiva performing the ''Bhujamgatrasa'', the snake fight posture. The sculpture of Nataraja in the temple depicts the posture.<ref>{{cite book|title=The Body of God : An Emperor's Palace for Krishna in Eighth-Century Kanchipuram: An Emperor's Palace for Krishna in Eighth-Century Kanchipuram|page=201|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IMCxbOezDi4C&dq=siyamangalam&pg=PA656|last=D.|first=Dennis Hudson|publisher=Oxford University Press, USA|year=2008|isbn=9780199709021}}</ref> Shiva is sported with four hands, with his one of the left hands showing ''dola hasta'' posture, ''parasu'' in the second left, ''Abhaya mudra'' (protecting posture) in the first right hand and fire in the second right hand. Archeologist Dr.R.Nagaswamy believes that the hooded snake at the foot of Nataraja is the proof of ''Bhujamgatrasa''. It is believed that all forms of dance are derived from ''[[Natya Sastra]]'' by sage Bharatha and Mahendravarma's knowledge of delicate postures are exemplified in the sculpture. He also affirms that by the image Mahendra shows the connection between ''bhujaṅga trāsita'' and that the dance of Nataraja, the cosmic form of Shiva leads to the Ananda.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Royal patronage to dance and music The pallava mārga|journal=Tamil Arts Academy|url=http://www.tamilartsacademy.com/journals/volume18/articles/article2.htm|last=Dr.R.|first=Nagaswamy|volume=18|accessdate=15 November 2015|archive-date=4 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304190312/http://www.tamilartsacademy.com/journals/volume18/articles/article2.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Worship and religious practices==
The temple is declared as a heritage monument and administered by the [[Archaeological Survey of India]] as a protected monument.<ref>{{cite web|title=List of Monuments and Sites: Vellore sub-circle|url=http://asichennai.gov.in/vellore_sub_circle.html|publisher=Archaeological Survey of India|year=2011|accessdate=15 November 2015}}</ref> Though it is an archaeological monument, the temple is active in worship practices, where the temple priests perform the ''[[Puja (Hinduism)|puja]]'' (rituals) during festivals and on a daily basis. The temple rituals are similar to that of other Shiva temples.<ref name=census>{{cite book|title=Temples of Tamil Nadu - Kancheepuram district|last=C.|first=Dr.Chandramouli|publisher=Directorate of Census Operations, Tamil Nadu|year=2003|location=Chennai}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Famous Shiva temples|state=collapsed}}

[[Category:Shiva temples in Tiruvannamalai district]]
[[Category:Hindu cave temples in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Rock-cut architecture of India]]

Indian Famine Codes

2025-12-21T21:24:26Z

ElijahCombs83:

{{Short description|Famine scale developed by the colonial British in India in the 1880s}}
The '''Indian Famine Codes''', developed by the [[British India]]n government in the 1880s, which were one of the earliest [[famine scale]]s.

== Types of Food insecurity ==
The Famine Codes established three levels of [[food insecurity]]: near-scarcity, scarcity, and [[famine]]. "Scarcity" was defined as three successive years of [[crop failure]], [[crop yield]]s reaching one-third or one-half of the normal levels, and significant population distress. "Famine" included additional criteria such as a surge in [[food prices]] exceeding 140% of the "normal" value, mass migration of people in search of food, and widespread mortality.<ref name="L. Brennan">{{Citation
| last =Brennan | first =L | year =1984 | contribution =The development of the India Famine Codes: personalities, policies and politics | contribution-url =https://books.google.com/books?id=FoNS2fM8N0kC&q=The+Development+of+the+Indian+Famine+Codes&pg=PA91 | editor-last =Currey | editor-first =Bruce | editor2-last =Hugo | editor2-first =Graeme | title =Famine as a geographical phenomenon | edition =Illustrated | series =GeoJournal library | publisher =Springer | volume =1 | pages =91–110 | isbn =90-277-1762-1}}</ref>

== Indian Famine Commission ==
To address the issue of famine in India, an Indian Famine Commission was established to develop strategies for prevention and mitigation.<ref name="L. Brennan" /> In 1880, the commission's secretary drafted the Indian Famine Code, which served as the cornerstone of famine prevention measures until the 1970s. Subsequent famine codes were developed, such as the Indian Famine Code (Bihar), which shared similar principles with the original code and served as a foundation for multiple famine codes and scales. These codes and scales aimed to assess the severity and magnitude of famine.<ref name="Scales">{{Citation | date=March 2009 | title=Retrospective determination of whether famine existed in Niger | periodical=Field Exchange | issue=35 | page=10 | publisher=ENN | url=http://fex.ennonline.net/35/retrospective.aspx | access-date=October 11, 2009 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100907065555/http://fex.ennonline.net/35/retrospective.aspx | archive-date=September 7, 2010 }} '''Summary of published research:''' {{cite journal| last1 =Reza | first1 =Avid | last2 =Tomczyk | first2 =Basia | last3 =Aguayo | first3 =Victor M | last4 =Zagré | first4 =Noel M | last5 =Goumbi | first5 =Kadadé | last6 =Blanton | first6 =Curtis | last7 =Talley | first7 =Leisel | title=Retrospective determination of whether famine existed in Niger, 2005: two stage cluster survey. | journal=BMJ | year= 2008 | volume= 337 | article-number= a1622 | pmid=18832413 | pmc=2658864 | doi=10.1136/bmj.a1622 }}</ref> The Indian Famine Code was among the earliest attempts to forecast and subsequently prevent famine by implementing specific steps and interventions mandated for governments to mitigate the risks associated with food scarcity.<ref name="Brittanica">{{cite encyclopedia |title=Historical responses to famine |url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/201392/famine/277562/ |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica Online |access-date=8 October 2009}}</ref>

== References ==
<references/>

[[Category:1880s in India]]
[[Category:1880s in British India]]

Indian National Congress (disambiguation)

2025-12-10T11:05:51Z

ElijahCombs83: creating a details with sources!

'''[[Indian National Congress]]''' is a political party in India.

'''Indian National Congress''' may also refer to its splinter groups:
*[[Indian National Congress (Jagjivan)]], 1981–1986, led by Jagjivan Ram
*[[Indian National Congress (Organisation)]] or Syndicate/Old Congress, 1969–1977, led by K. Kamaraj
*[[Indian National Congress (R)]] or New Congress, 1969–1970s, led by Indira Gandhi
*[[Indian National Congress (Sheikh Hassan)]], formed 2002, led by Sheikh Hassan Haroon
*[[Indian National Congress (U)]] later [[Indian Congress (Socialist)]], 1978–1986, led by D. Devaraj Urs
**[[Indian Congress (Socialist) – Sarat Chandra Sinha]], 1984–1999, led by Sarat Chandra Sinha

==See also==
*[[National Congress (disambiguation)]]
*[[Congress Party (disambiguation)]]
*[[Pradesh Congress Committee]], wings of the Indian National Congress in Indian states
*[[Democratic Indira Congress (Karunakaran)]], formed 2005, led by K. Karunakaran

{{Disambiguation||political}}

Chumi Gyatse Falls

2025-10-17T06:20:48Z

ElijahCombs83:

{{Infobox waterfall
| name = Chumi Gyatse Falls
| image =
| image_size = 300px
| caption =
| location = [[Tawang district|Tawang]], [[Arunachal Pradesh]], [[India]]
| coords = {{coord|27.7762|91.9829|display=inline,title|type:waterbody|format=dms}}
| watercourse =
| map = India Arunachal Pradesh
| map_caption = Location in [[Arunachal Pradesh]], India
| embedded =
}}

'''Chumi Gyatse Falls'''{{efn|Alternative spellings: '''Chumig Gyatse'''<ref>[https://www.sentinelassam.com/north-east-india-news/arunachal-news/tawang-district-dc-kesang-ngurup-damo-visits-border-village-585305 Tawang district DC Kesang Ngurup Damo visits border village], The Sentinel, 31 March 2022.</ref> and '''Chumik Gyatse'''.}} ({{bo|t=ཆུ་མིག་བརྒྱ་རྩ|w=chu mig brgya rtsa|s=chu mik gya tsa}}), called '''Domtsang''' and '''Dongzhang''' (东章瀑布) waterfalls in Tibetan and Chinese languages respectively, are a collection of waterfalls in the [[Tawang district]] in [[Arunachal Pradesh]], India, close to the border with the [[Tibet Autonomous Region|Tibet]] region of China.<ref name="Manoj Joshi">{{cite news |author=Manoj Joshi |title=Scale of the Recent Chinese Intrusion in Tawang Is a Cause for Concern |newspaper=The Wire |date=14 December 2022 |url=https://thewire.in/security/scale-of-the-recent-chinese-intrusion-in-tawang-is-a-cause-for-concern }}</ref><ref name="Diplomat">{{Citation |author=Hemant Adlakha |title=The Tawang Clash: The View From China |newspaper=The Diplomat |date=16 December 2022 |url=https://thediplomat.com/2022/12/the-tawang-clash-the-view-from-china/ |id={{ProQuest|2754866279}}}}</ref> According to the local Buddhist tradition, the 108 holly water falls which originate from in-between the mountains symbolise the blessings of [[Guru Padmasambhava]].<ref>{{Cite web
| author= Shantanu Dayal
|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/opinion/why-yangtse-at-lac-a-long-saga-of-military-grit-101671110656614.html|title=Why Yangtse? At LAC, a long saga of military grit|date=December 15, 2022|website=Hindustan Times}}</ref> The Chumi Gyatse Falls are close to the [[Line of Actual Control]], the de facto border between China and India, just 250 metres away according to one account.<ref name="Print">{{cite news |author=Karishma Hasnat |title=This Arunachal waterfall near LAC is being developed for tourism. But China 'keeping an eye' |newspaper=The Print |date=20 October 2020 |url=https://theprint.in/india/this-arunachal-waterfall-near-lac-is-being-developed-for-tourism-but-china-keeping-an-eye/526953/ }}</ref>{{efn|Map measurements indicate a distance of 500 metres.}}

Padmasambhava had stayed in Domtsang region for five days, and it is one of the seven regions in Mon to have been blessed by him. Domtsang was one of the three most sacred sites of Shar Lawog Yulsum (eastern Tawang). However, no ancient township nor any monastery remain intact today.

== Geography ==
[[File:Yangtse-Tawang-map.jpg|350px|right|thumb|Map 1: Yangtse area]]
The Chumi Gyatse Falls are in an area called '''Yangtse'''{{efn|Alternative spellings: '''Yangste''',<ref name="ET 2017" /> and '''Yangtze'''.<ref>AP, [https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/indian-chinese-troops-clash-border-arunachal-pradesh-tawang-rcna61405 Indian, Chinese troops clash at border in fresh faceoff], NBC News, 13 December 2022.</ref>}} where the [[Tsona Chu]] river flows from Tibet into India's [[Tawang district]]. They are along the cliff face of a high plateau ("Yangtse plateau") formed by an east–west mountain range, whose watershed serves as the India–China border as per the [[McMahon Line]].<ref name="Dayal">{{Citation |author=Shantanu Dayal |title=Why Yangtse? At LAC, a long saga of military grit |newspaper=The Hindustan Times |date=15 December 2022 |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/opinion/why-yangtse-at-lac-a-long-saga-of-military-grit-101671110656614.html |id={{ProQuest|2754518605}}}}</ref>

The location of the McMahon Line watershed in the vicinity of Chumi Gyatse falls is open to dispute. The US [[Office of the Geographer]] draws the line in the middle of the cliff face, which would divide the falls between India and China. At present the [[Line of Actual Control]] between the two countries puts all of Chumi Gyatse falls within Indian territory. (Maps 1 and 2)

To the south of the waterfalls, Tsona Chu is joined by another river called [[Nyukcharong]] which rises from within the Yangtse plateau. A village called '''Tsechu''' ({{coord|27.7229|92.0149|name=Tsechu}}) lies near the confluence of the two rivers, marking the southern terminus of the Yangtse region.<ref name="Praveen Swami">*{{Citation |author=Praveen Swami |author-link=Praveen Swami |title=Tawang skirmish shows LAC's volatile. Army risking getting mired in Siachen-style resource trap |newspaper=The Print |date=14 December 2022 |url=https://theprint.in/opinion/security-code/tawang-skirmish-shows-lacs-volatile-army-risking-getting-mired-in-siachen-style-resource-trap/1264753/}}</ref>

A few hundred meters to the north of the falls, on the opposite side of the Tsona Chu valley, lies '''Domtsang''' ({{bo|t=དོམ་ཚང|w=dom tshang}}) or '''Dongzhang''' ({{zh|c=东章|p=Dōng zhāng}}) ({{coord|27|46|49|N|91|58|37|E|name=Domtsang/Dongzhang}}), a Buddhist meditation site associated with Guru Padmasambhava.<ref name="KNAB">{{Cite web |date=2018-06-03 |title=Geographical names of Tibet AR (China): Tibet Autonomous Region |url=https://www.eki.ee/knab/valik/cn54.htm |website=KNAB Place Name Database |publisher=Institute of the Estonian Language}}</ref> Domtsang was evidently an important locale during the historical period so as to lend its name to the river and valley below it, as "Domtsangrong".{{sfn|Aris|2012|pp=85-86}}{{sfn|Tenpa|2018|pp=52-53, 125}} China continues to use the names "Dongzhang river" and "Dongzhang waterfalls".<ref name="Diplomat" /><ref>Joseph P. Chacko, [https://frontierindia.com/did-pla-grab-chumi-gyatser-waterfall-or-dongzhang-waterfall-in-arunachal-pradesh/ Did PLA grab Chumi Gyatser waterfall or Dongzhang Waterfall in Arunachal Pradesh?], Frontier India, 23 January 2022.</ref> Domtsang lies in undisputed Chinese territory, to the north of the McMahon Line.

== Buddhist legends ==
[[File:Wangdue Padmasambhava.jpg|thumb|right|200px|A mural of Padmasambhava from Bhutan]]
=== Domtsang region ===
The earliest mention of the place is in ''Padma bka’ thang'', a fourteenth century mythography of [[Padmasambhava]] by [[Orgyen Lingpa]]; Padmasambhava stayed in Domtsang for five days, and it was one of the seven regions in Mon to have been blessed by him.<ref name="Tenpa">{{cite book |last=Tenpa |first=Lobsang |title=An Early History of the Mon Region (India) and its Relationship with Tibet and Bhutan |publisher=Library of Tibetan Works and Archives |year=2018 |isbn=9789387023345 |pages=52-53, 77, 110-111, 124 |language=en}}</ref> Since then, Domtsang has been associated with meditation in a spectrum of Buddhist literature.<ref name="Tenpa" />

The texts {{lang|bo|Deb ther sngon po}} (1476) and {{lang|bo|Mkhas pa’i dga’ston}} (1564) record that [[Düsum Khyenpa, 1st Karmapa Lama|Düsum Khyenpa, the first Karmapa Lama]] (1110–1193) meditated at Domtsang.<ref name="Tenpa" /> {{lang|bo|Lha btsun rin chen rnam rgyal}}'s early-16th-century biography of [[Tsangnyön Heruka]] (1452–1507) notes that he received a vision of [[Cakrasaṃvara Tantra|Cakrasaṃvara]] upon being chased by a phantom boar during meditation in Domtsang.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=DiValerio |first=David M. |date=April 2015 |title=Reanimating the Great Yogin: On the Composition of the Biographies of the Madman of Tsang (1452–1507) |url=https://himalaya.socanth.cam.ac.uk/collections/journals/ret/pdf/ret_32_02.pdf |journal=Revue d'Études Tibétaines |volume=32 |pages=36}}</ref> One of Heruka's disciples, ''{{proper name|rGod tshang ras chen}}'', spent time at Domtsang while practising ''[[tummo]]''.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ehrhard |first=Franz-Karl |url=https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/216449180.pdf |title=Edition, éditions: l'écrit au Tibet, évolution et devenir |date=2010 |publisher=Indus Verlag |isbn=978-3-940659-02-6 |editor-last=Chayet |editor-first=Anne |series=Collectanea Himalayica III |location=Munich |pages=138 |language=en |chapter=Editing and Publishing the Master’s Writings: The Early Years of rGod tshang ras chen (1482–1559) |editor-last2=Scherrer-Schaub |editor-first2=Cristina |editor-last3=Robin |editor-first3=Françoise |editor-last4=Achard |editor-first4=Jean-Luc}}</ref> In late 16th c., Don Grub, the ruler of Mon, invested himself as the patron of the "great shrine" at Domtsang.<ref name="Tenpa" />

An undated biography of [[Pema Lingpa#Peling Tukse incarnations|Tukse Dawa Gyaltsen]] [c. 17th c.] records Domtsang as one of the three most sacred sites of ''Shar Lawog Yulsum'' (eastern Tawang) which was worth a day of pilgrimage.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Dorji |first=Lham |date=Winter 2005 |title=Religious Life and History of the Emanated Heart-son Thukse Dawa Gyeltshen |url=http://himalaya.socanth.cam.ac.uk/collections/journals/jbs/pdf/JBS_13_04.pdf |journal=Journal of Bhutan Studies |volume=13 |pages=85}}</ref> {{lang|bo|Dga’ ba’i dpal ster}}, a biography of Merag Lama {{lang|bo|Blo gros rgya mtsho}} (d. 1682) which was likely drafted in the 17th century, records one {{lang|bo|Gtsang ston Rol pa’i rdo rje}} (c. 15th c.) to have had found the '''''Che mchog'' temple''' in Domtsang.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Lobsang |first=Tenpa |date=Autumn–Winter 2013 |title=The Life and Activities of Rgyal sras Blo bzang bstan pa'i sgron me, a 16th century Tibeto-Mon Monk from Tawang |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/tibetjournal.38.3-4.3 |journal=The Tibet Journal |volume=38 |issue=3–4 |pages=9}}</ref>{{Efn|Rol pa’i rdo rje does not find a mention in other extant sources. He is held to be the disciple of the [[1st Dalai Lama]] but this is probably an exaggeration; the construction of the Mon drab monastery at Tsona, Sha’u Di khung monastery at Sha’u, and the Ar yag gdung monastery are also attributed to him.}} {{lang|bo|O rgyan gling dkar chag}}, an 18th c. work by the [[6th Dalai Lama]], features Domtsang as the tactile site in a mandala of the senses.<ref name="Tenpa" />

=== Chumi Gyatse falls ===
Local oral traditions ascribe the falls to have been the product of a showdown between [[Padmasambhava]] and a Lama of the Bonpa sect.<ref name="Print" /> The Chumi Gyatse ("''Chumig''" = "water holes"; "''gyatse''" = rosary<ref name="Das">{{Citation |author=Bidhayak Das |title=Legend of the Chumi Gyatse: A Deeper Understanding of Arunachal's Famous 108 Holy Waterfalls Along the LAC |date=13 November 2022 |url=https://www.borderlens.com/features/legend-of-the-chumi-gyatse-a-deeper-understanding-of-arunachals-famous-108-holy-waterfalls-along-the-lac/ |website=BorderLens}}</ref>) falls were formed, according to the legends, when Padmasambhava flung his rosary against a rock and 108 streams gushed out from where the beads struck the rock.<ref name="Print" /> Monpas believe that the waters have recuperative abilities.<ref name="Dayal" /><ref name="Das" />

== History ==
[[File:Chumi-Gyatse-Falls-LSIB.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Map 2: The [[Line of Actual Control]] near the Chumi Gyatse Falls: marked by the US [[Office of the Geographer]] in 2012 (in blue) vs [[OpenStreetMap]] in 2022 (in dark green).<ref>[https://earthworks.stanford.edu/catalog/stanford-jd523yw3613 Large Scale International Boundaries (LSIB), Europe and Asia, 2012], EarthWorks, Stanford University, 2012.</ref> The difference between them is believed to be the alteration made by India in 1986.]]
Prior to the birth of modern nation-states of India and China, Yangtse — like, most of Tawang — remained under the suzerainty of Tibet.{{Efn|Three major villages in Tawang elected their respective ''Gaon Bura''s who came under the nominal authority of two Dzongpons from the neighboring Tsona County.}} In February 1951, India wrested control of Tawang in a peaceful transfer of power.{{Efn|In 1944, J. P. Mills had taken control of the part of Tawang Tract that lay to the south of Sela Pass and evicted Tibetan tax-farmers. He did not venture north of the Sela Pass.{{Citation needed|date=December 2022}}}} When the Chinese [[People's Liberation Army]] (PLA) [[Annexation of Tibet by the People's Republic of China|invaded Tibet]] during the same year, it is believed to have destroyed the temple at Domtsang.<ref name="Das" />{{efn|China still refers to the falls as "Dongzhang Waterfalls", perhaps following the local Tibetan nomenclature.}}

The region remained demilitarized until 1986 when Indian Army occupied the territory around the falls as a buffer zone in retaliation to the [[Sumdorong Chu standoff|Chinese occupation of the Wangdung (Sumdorong Chu) pasture]].<ref name="ET 2017">Shaurya Karanbir Gurung, Row with China: Present tense [Defence], The Economic Times, 24 July 2017. {{ProQuest|1922308065}}: "As a retaliation to Sumdorong Chu, the Indian Army occupied Yangste in the latter half of 1986."</ref><ref name="Das" /> In 1995, a Joint Working Group of the two countries listed both Sumdorong Chu and Yangtse among the unresolved border disputes.<ref name="Praveen Swami" /> In 1999, the Chinese troops attempted to assert "sovereignty" over a pasture called "Dogoer" ({{zh|c=多果尔草场|p=Duō guǒ ěr cǎochǎng}}) atop the waterfalls, having organised a grazing team jointly with local shepherds. Indian troops are said to have blocked their entry and a tense face-off ensued, lasting 82 days.<ref name="Diplomat" /><ref name="Liu Zongyi">{{Citation |author=Liu Zongyi |script-title=zh:刘宗义：印度为何借东章地区挑衅中国？|title=Liúzōngyì: Yìndù wèihé jiè dōng zhāng dìqū tiǎoxìn zhōngguó? |trans-title=Liu Zongyi: Why does India use the Dongzhang area to provoke China? |date=13 October 2021 |url=https://www.guancha.cn/liuzongyi/2021_10_13_610562_s.shtml |via=guancha.cn |lang=zh}}</ref> Chinese media reports further allege India to have demolished a wooden bridge in 2001, that was used by Tibetans to access the Falls, and even setting up a sentry post to block their entry.<ref name="Diplomat" /><ref name="Liu Zongyi" />

== Infrastructure and tourism development==
{{anchor | Infrastructure | Tourism | Road | Transport }}

Beginning 2018, the state of [[Arunachal Pradesh]] has been developing the Falls as a tourism site.<ref name="Print" /> In July 2020, a ''[[gompa]]'' with a statue of [[Guru Padmasambhava]] was inaugurated. India proposed to China to allow Tibetan pilgrims to visit the Falls, but China has not chosen to do so.<ref name="Print" /> According to China, their bridge was destroyed by India in 2001 and a guard post built to stop Chinese pilgrims accessing the area.<ref>{{Cite web |last=牛人档案 |title=中印冲突后印军侵占中国东章瀑布。今天印军在瀑布山顶小便被拍到！_哔哩哔哩_bilibili |url=https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1kS411A72X/ |access-date=2025-10-17 |website=www.bilibili.com |language=zh-Hans}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=庐陵启程 |title=在藏南错那县隔江眺望东章瀑布！并对对面阿三驻军比了个大拇指朝下的手势_哔哩哔哩_bilibili |url=https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1iM4m1m75s/ |access-date=2025-10-17 |website=www.bilibili.com |language=zh-Hans}}</ref>

Indian government has also strengthened the defence infrastructure in the area.<ref name=LDY1>[https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/defmin-acquires-strategic-land-near-sumdorong-chu-flashpoint/articleshow/78862616.cms?from=mdr Defence Ministry acquires strategic land near Sumdorong Chu flashpoint], Economic Times, 26 Oct 2020.</ref> New roads were constructed to ease travelling from the town of Tawang.<ref name="Print" /> Under the [[India–China Border Roads]] (ICBRs) project, India started to build the strategic '''LGG-Damteng-Yangtse Road''' (LDY) to the Indian post near Chumi Gyatse Falls.<ref name=LDY2>[https://www.indiatoday.in/budget/story/union-budget-2025-rs-7146-crore-allocated-for-boosting-border-infrastructure-2673411-2025-02-01 Budget 2025: Rs 7,146 crore allocated for boosting border infrastructure], India Today, 1 Feb 2025.</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Bum La Pass]]
* [[2022 Yangste clash]]
* [[Tsona County]] (Cona County)
* [[List of waterfalls]]
* [[List of waterfalls in India]]

== Notes ==
{{Notelist}}

== References ==
{{Reflist|2}}

== Bibliography ==
* {{cite book |last=Aris |first=Michael |title=Hidden Treasures & Secret Lives |publisher=Routledge |date=2012 |isbn=978-1-136-14914-6 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oYOTAgAAQBAJ}}

[[Category:Waterfalls of Arunachal Pradesh]]
[[Category:Environment of Arunachal Pradesh]]
[[Category:Tawang district]]
[[Category:Waterfalls of India]]

First Tamang ministry

2025-10-15T22:52:12Z

ElijahCombs83: adding new details

{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2019}}
{{Infobox government cabinet
| cabinet_type = Ministry
| cabinet_number =
| jurisdiction = [[Sikkim]]
| flag =
| flag_border = true
| incumbent =
| image = [[File:Prem Singh Tamang.jpg]]
| image_size = 150px
| caption = [[Prem Singh Tamang]] [[Chief Minister of Sikkim|Hon'ble Chief Minister of Sikkim]]
| date_formed = 27 May 2019
| date_dissolved = 10 June 2024
| government_head = [[Prem Singh Tamang]]
| government_head_history =
| state_head = Governor [[Lakshman Acharya]]
| members_number =
| former_members_number =
| total_number = 11
| political_parties = '''[[Sikkim Krantikari Morcha]]'''
| legislature_status = [[Majority government|Majority]]
| opposition_cabinet =
| opposition_party = [[Sikkim Democratic Front]] (Since May 2019)
| opposition_leader =
| election = [[2019 Sikkim Legislative Assembly election|2019]]
| last_election =
| legislature_term = 5 years
| budget =
| advice_and_consent1 =
| advice_and_consent2 =

| incoming_formation =
| outgoing_formation =
| previous = [[Chamling ministry]]
| successor = [[Second Tamang ministry]]
}}
This is a list of ministers from [[Prem Singh Tamang]] cabinet starting from 27 May 2019.

Tamang is the leader of [[Sikkim Krantikari Morcha]], who was sworn in as the 6th Chief Minister of Sikkim on 27 May 2019.<ref>[https://www.thehindu.com/elections/sikkim-assembly/who-is-ps-golay-the-new-chief-minister-of-sikkim/article27262867.ece Who is P.S. Golay, the new chief minister of Sikkim]</ref><ref>[https://www.indiatoday.in/education-today/news/story/new-sikkim-chief-minister-ps-golay-announced-5-day-working-week-for-government-employees-1536514-2019-05-28 New Sikkim Chief Minister PS Golay announced 5-day working week for government employees]</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Singh |first1=Shiv Sahay |title=P.S. Golay sworn in as Sikkim Chief Minister |url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/sikkim-assembly/ps-golay-sworn-in-as-sikkim-chief-minister/article27259921.ece |work=The Hindu |date=29 May 2019 |language=en-IN}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=SKM ends Chamling's 25-year rule in Sikkim |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/skm-ends-chamling-s-25-year-rule-in-sikkim-119052400152_1.html |work=[[Business Standard]] |agency=Press Trust of India |date=29 May 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Prem Singh Tamang Sworn In As New Sikkim Chief Minister |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/prem-singh-tamang-sworn-in-as-new-sikkim-chief-minister-2043446 |accessdate=29 May 2019 |work=[[NDTV]] |agency=Press Trust of India |date=27 May 2019}}</ref><ref name="TH">{{cite news |last1=Singh |first1=Shiv Sahay |title=P. S. Golay sworn in as Sikkim Chief Minister |url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/sikkim-assembly/ps-golay-sworn-in-as-sikkim-chief-minister/article27259921.ece |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=27 May 2019 |accessdate=29 May 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=P. S. Golay sworn in as Sikkim chief minister |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/elections/lok-sabha/india/p-s-golay-sworn-in-as-sikkim-chief-minister/articleshow/69515570.cms |accessdate=28 May 2019 |work=The Economic Times |agency=[[Press Trust of India]] |date=29 May 2019}}</ref>

==Council of Ministers==
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
|-
!S.No
!Name
!Constituency
!Department
! colspan="2" scope="col" | Party
|-
|1.
| '''[[Prem Singh Tamang]]''' [[Chief Minister of Sikkim|Chief Minister]]
|[[Poklok-Kamrang (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Poklok-Kamrang]]
|
*Excise Department
*Finance Department
*Home Department
*Planning & Development Department
*'''Other departments not allocated to a Minister.'''
|[[Sikkim Krantikari Morcha|SKM]]
|bgcolor=#FF0000|
|-
| style="text-align: center;" colspan=6|'''Cabinet Ministers'''
|-
|2.
|'''[[Kunga Nima Lepcha]]'''
|[[Shyari (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Shyari (BL)]]
|
*Education Department
*Land Revenue & Disaster Management Department
*Law Department
*Sports & Youth Affairs Department
|[[Sikkim Krantikari Morcha|SKM]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#FF0000" |
|-
|3.
|'''[[Sonam Lama]]'''
| [[Sangha (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Sangha]]
|
*Cooperation Department
*Ecclesiastical Department
*Rural Development Department
|[[Sikkim Krantikari Morcha|SKM]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#FF0000" |
|-
|4.
|'''[[Bedu Singh Panth]]'''
|[[Temi-Namphing (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Temi Namphing]]
|
*Commerce & Industries Department
*Information & Public Relations Department
*Tourism & Civil Aviation Department
|[[Sikkim Krantikari Morcha|SKM]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#FF0000" |
|-
|5.
|'''[[Lok Nath Sharma]]'''
|[[Gyalshing-Barnyak (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Gyalshing Barnyak]]
|
*Agriculture Department
*Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Services Department
*Horticulture Department
*Labour Department
|[[Sikkim Krantikari Morcha|SKM]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#FF0000" |
|-
|6.
|'''[[Samdup Lepcha]]'''
|[[Lachen-Mangan (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Lachen Mangan (BL)]]
|
*Roads & Bridges Department
|[[Sikkim Krantikari Morcha|SKM]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#FF0000" |
|-
|7.
|'''[[Mingma Narbu Sherpa|Mingma Norbu Sherpa]]'''
|[[Daramdin (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Daramdin]]
|
*Power Department
*Transport Department
|[[Sikkim Krantikari Morcha|SKM]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#FF0000" |
|-
|8.
|'''[[Karma Loday Bhutia]]'''
|[[Kabi Lungchok (Vidhan Sabha Constituency)|Kabi Lungchuk (BL)]]
|
*Forest & Environment Department
*Mines & Geology Department
*Science & Technology Department
|[[Sikkim Krantikari Morcha|SKM]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#FF0000" |
|-
|9.
|'''[[Bhim Hang Limboo]]'''
|[[Yangthang (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Yangthang]]
|
*Public Health Engineering Department
*Skill Development Department
*Water Resources Department
|[[Sikkim Krantikari Morcha|SKM]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#FF0000" |
|-
|10.
|'''[[Sanjit Kharel]]'''
|[[Namthang-Rateypani (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Namthang Rateypani]]
|
*Buildings & Housing Department
*Social Welfare Department
*Women & Child Development Department
|[[Sikkim Krantikari Morcha|SKM]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#FF0000" |
|-
|11.
|[[Lall Bahadur Das]]
|[[West Pendam Assembly constituency|West Pendam]]
|
*Food & Civil Supplies Department
*Urban Development Department
|[[Sikkim Krantikari Morcha|SKM]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#FF0000" |
|-
|12.
|[[Bishnu Kumar Sharma]]
|[[Rhenock Assembly constituency|Rhenock]]
|
*Culture
*Printing & Stationaries
|[[Sikkim Krantikari Morcha|SKM]]
| style="color:inherit;background:#FF0000" |
|}

== See also ==

* [[Government of Sikkim]]
* [[Sikkim Legislative Assembly]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:2019 in Indian politics]]
[[Category:Sikkim ministries|Tamang I]]
[[Category:2019 establishments in Sikkim]]
[[Category:Indian ministries established in 2019|Tamang I]]
[[Category:Indian ministries disestablished in 2024|Tamang I]]
[[Category:Sikkim Krantikari Morcha]]

Yoyo loach

2025-10-05T12:17:03Z

ElijahCombs83: Put up initial info nd citations!

{{Short description|Species of fish}}
{{Speciesbox
| status = LC
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| status_ref = <ref name=IUCN>{{cite iucn |author=Chaudhry, S. |year=2020 |amends=2010 |title=''Botia almorhae'' |volume=2020 |article-number=e.T168483A176089906 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T168483A176089906.en |access-date=6 February 2025}}</ref>
| image = Yoyo Loach.jpg
| image2 =Botia almorhae Day 154.jpg
| image_caption = Typical aquarium specimen labelled as ''Botia almorhae'', but these are likely a related species (see text).<ref name=SeriouslyFish/><ref name=Grant2007/>
| taxon = Botia almorhae
| authority = [[John Edward Gray|J. E. Gray]], 1831
| synonyms = ''Botia grandi'' {{small|Gray, 1832}}<ref name=Kottelat>Kottelat, M. (2012): [http://rmbr.nus.edu.sg/rbz/biblio/s26/Conspectus_cobitidum.pdf Conspectus cobitidum: an inventory of the loaches of the world (Teleostei: Cypriniformes: Cobitoidei).] ''The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, Suppl. No. 26: 1–199.''</ref>
}}
The '''yoyo loach''', '''Almora loach''' or '''Pakistani loach''' ('''''Botia almorhae''''') is a freshwater [[fish]] belonging to the loach [[Family (biology)|family]] [[Botiidae]]. It originates in the slow-running and still waters of the [[Ganges]] basin in northern India and possibly [[Nepal]].<ref name=SeriouslyFish>SeriouslyFish: ''[http://www.seriouslyfish.com/species/botia-almorhae/ Botia almorhae.]'' Retrieved 15 July 2014.</ref><ref name=Grant2007>Grant, S. (2007). ''Fishes of the genus Botia Gray, 1831, in the Indian region (Teleostei: Botiidae).'' Ichthyofile 2: 1–106</ref> Despite the alternative common name Pakistani loach, the true ''B. almorhae'' is not known from Pakistan (the species in this country is ''[[Botia birdi|B. birdi]]'').<ref name=SeriouslyFish/><ref name=Grant2007/>

It may attain a length of {{cvt|14|-|16|cm|in}}, and is named for its dark and pale patterns, which often can be seen to spell "yoyo" (especially in smaller/younger specimens), hence the common name yoyo loach.<ref name=SeriouslyFish/> The final common name, Almora loach, refers to [[Almora]] in [[Uttarakhand]], India.<ref name=Kottelat/> Specimens labelled as ''B. almorhae'' are commonly found in the [[aquarium]] trade, but most (if not all) of these appear to be the closely related ''[[Botia lohachata|B. lohachata]]'', two possibly [[undescribed species]] popularly referred to as ''B. sp.'' "Kosi" and ''B. sp.'' "Teesta", or [[Hybrid (biology)|hybrids]].<ref name=SeriouslyFish/><ref name=Grant2007/>

==See also==
* [[List of freshwater aquarium fish species]]

== References ==
{{Commons category|Botia almorhae}}
* {{FishBase|genus=Botia|species=almorhae|year=2014|month=09}}
* {{ITIS |id=640119 |taxon=Botia almorhae |access-date=12 June 2006}}
{{Reflist}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q1802036}}

[[Category:Botia]]
[[Category:Fish of India]]
[[Category:Fish described in 1831]]
[[Category:Taxa named by John Edward Gray]]

Kanjikuzhi (Alappuzha)

2025-09-29T16:07:22Z

ElijahCombs83: creating new details initial version!

{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2021}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Kanjikuzhi
| native_name =
| other_name = Kanjikuzhy
| settlement_type = [[Census Town]]
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Kerala#India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Kerala, India
| coordinates = {{coord|9.6214|N|76.3348|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Kerala]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Alappuzha district|Alappuzha]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| parts_type = [[Taluks of Kerala|Taluk]]
| parts = [[Cherthala]]
| government_type =
[[Panchayati Raj (India)]]
| governing_body = Kanjikuzhi Grama Panchayat
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 12.86
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 23,681
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Malayalam]], English<ref>{{cite web |title=The Kerala Official Language (Legislation) Act, 1969 |url=http://www.lawsofindia.org/pdf/kerala/1969/1969KERALA7.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140911111246/http://www.lawsofindia.org/pdf/kerala/1969/1969KERALA7.pdf|url-status=usurped|archive-date=11 September 2014}}</ref>
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 688539,688523,688582,688555
| registration_plate = [[List of RTO districts in India#KL.E2.80.94Kerala|KL-32]]
| website =
| footnotes =
}}

'''Kanjikuzhi''' is a [[census town]] and [[Panchayati raj in India|Panchayat]] in [[Alappuzha district]] in the state of [[Kerala]], India.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archive-date=2004-06-16|title= Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)|access-date=2008-11-01|publisher= Census Commission of India}}</ref> Kanjikuzhi is located {{cvt|16|km}} north of the district headquarters [[Alappuzha]] and {{cvt|7|km}} south of [[Cherthala]]. A hybrid type of [[Cowpea|long bean]], Kanjikuzhy ''payar'', is named after the town, where it was first developed by a local farmer.<ref>{{Cite news |last=A |first=Sam Paul |date=2023-07-27 |title=Nature takes firm root in these veggie farms |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/nature-takes-firm-root-in-these-veggie-farms/article67127501.ece |access-date=2024-09-04 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

==Demographics==
As of the [[2011 census of India|2011 census]], Kanjikuzhi had a population of 23,681 which constitutes 11,566 males and 12,115 females. Kanjikkuzhi census town has an area of {{cvt|12.86|km2}} with 6,017 families residing in it. The average [[sex ratio]] was 1047, lower than the state average of 1084. In Kanjikuzhi, 8.6% of the population was under 6 years of age. Kanjikkuzhi had an average [[Literacy in India|literacy rate]] of 97.64%, higher than the state average of 94%: male literacy was 98.86% and female literacy was 96.46%.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Kerala |first1=Directorate of Census Operations |title=District Census Handbook, Alappuzha |publisher=Directorate of Census Operations, Kerala |location=Thiruvananthapuram |page=24,25 |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/3211_PART_B_ALAPPUZHA.pdf |access-date=14 July 2020}}</ref>

==Administration==
Kanjikkuzhi [[Gram panchayat|Gram Panchayat]] is a part of Kanjikkuzhi [[Panchayat samiti|Block Panchayat]]. Kanjikkuzhi Panchayat is politically part of [[Cherthala Assembly constituency|Cherthala (State Assembly constituency)]] under [[Alappuzha Lok Sabha constituency]].<ref>{{cite web
|url = http://archive.eci.gov.in/se2001/background/S11/KL_Dist_PC_AC.pdf
|title = Assembly Constituencies - Corresponding Districts and Parliamentary Constituencies
|accessdate = 2008-10-18
|work = Kerala
|publisher = Election Commission of India
|url-status = dead
|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20090304011026/http://archive.eci.gov.in/se2001/background/S11/KL_Dist_PC_AC.pdf
|archivedate = 2009-03-04
}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Alappuzha district}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Alappuzha district]]

List of 2022–23 Indian Super League transfers

2025-09-25T20:13:02Z

ElijahCombs83: slightly improved structure for clarity and fixed typos as per guidelines

{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2022}}
{{Infobox football league season
| season = [[2022–23 Indian Super League|2022–23 Indian Super League season]]
| competition = 2022–23 Indian Super League transfers
| prevseason = [[List of 2021–22 Indian Super League transfers|2021–22]]
| nextseason = [[List of 2023–24 Indian Super League transfers|2023–24]]
}}

This is a list of Indian football transfers for the [[2022–23 Indian Super League|2022–23 Indian Super League]]. The list includes both pre-season and mid-season transfers.

== Transfers ==

All players and clubs without a flag are Indian.

=== Pre-season ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Date
!Name
!Moving from
!Moving to
!Ref.
|-
| '''{{dts|format=dmy|2022|4|11}}'''
| {{Flagicon|ESP}} [[Jorge Ortiz (Spanish footballer) |Jorge Ortiz]]
| [[FC Goa|Goa]]
| {{Flagicon|CHN}} [[Sichuan Jiuniu F.C.|Sichuan Jiuniu]]
| <ref>{{Cite tweet |user=Superligachina |number=1513401790011789313 |title=El Sichuan Jiuniu hace oficial la incorporación del extremo del FC Goa |language=es}}</ref>
|-
| '''{{dts|format=dmy|2022|4|18}}'''
| {{Flagicon|ESP}} [[Hernán Santana]]
| [[NorthEast United FC|NorthEast United]]
| {{Flagicon|CHN}} [[Sichuan Jiuniu F.C.|Sichuan Jiuniu]]
| <ref>{{Cite tweet |user=Hernan__90 |number=1516104194863869953 |title=Empieza otra nueva aventura. Ponemos rumbo a China. |language=es}}</ref>
|-
| '''{{dts|format=dmy|2022|4|21}}'''
| {{Flagicon|ESP}} [[Edu García]]
| [[Hyderabad FC|Hyderabad]]
| {{Flagicon|CHN}} [[Sichuan Jiuniu F.C.|Sichuan Jiuniu]]
| <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thebridge.in/buzz/indian-football-isl-transfers-diego-costa-live-updates-30713 |title=Edu Garcia moves to China |date=21 April 2022 |website=thebridge.in}}</ref>
|-
| '''{{dts|format=dmy|2022|4|27}}'''
| [[Lalrinliana Hnamte]]
| [[East Bengal Club|East Bengal]]
| [[ATK Mohun Bagan FC|ATK Mohun Bagan]]
| <ref>{{Cite web |title= Mohun Bagan ropes in midfielder Hnamte from rival club East Bengal |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/indian-football/atk-mohun-bagan-signs-lalriniana-hnamte-from-east-bengal-indian-super-league-indian-football-news/article38481180.ece |access-date=2022-05-25 |website=Sportstar |date=27 April 2022 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| '''{{dts|format=dmy|2022|4|30}}'''
| [[Mobashir Rahman]]
| [[Jamshedpur FC|Jamshedpur]]
| [[East Bengal Club|East Bengal]]
| <ref>{{Cite web |date=April 30, 2022 |title=East Bengal rope in Mobashir Rahman, sign three-year deal with mid-fielder |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/indian-super-league/top-stories/east-bengal-rope-in-mobashir-rahman-sign-three-year-deal-with-mid-fielder/articleshow/91210104.cms |access-date=2022-05-25 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| '''{{dts|format=dmy|2022|5|28}}'''
| [[Michael Soosairaj]]
| [[ATK Mohun Bagan FC|ATK Mohun Bagan]]
| [[Odisha FC|Odisha]]
| <ref>{{cite web |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/isl-odisha-fc-signs-soosairaj-until-2024/article38498756.ece |title=ISL: Odisha FC signs Soosairaj until 2024 |date=28 May 2022 |publisher=[[Sportstar]]}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan=4 |'''{{dts|format=dmy|2022|6|1}}'''
| [[Narender Gahlot]]
| [[Jamshedpur FC|Jamshedpur]]
| [[Odisha FC|Odisha]]
| <ref>{{cite web |title=Odisha FC sign Narender Gahlot on three-year deal |url=https://khelnow.com/football/isl-2022-23-jamshedpur-fc-odisha-fc-announce-narender-gahlot-signing |date=1 June 2022 |publisher=Khel Now}}</ref>
|-
| [[Alexander Romario Jesuraj]]
| [[FC Goa|Goa]]
| [[Chennaiyin FC|Chennaiyin]]
| rowspan=3 |<ref>{{cite web |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/vincy-barretto-chennaiyin-fc-isl-kerala-blasters-transfers/article38499715.ece |title=Chennaiyin FC signs Vincy Barretto, Romario Jesuraj, Monotosh Chakladar |date=1 June 2022 |publisher=[[Sportstar]]}}</ref>
|-
| [[Vincy Barretto]]
| [[Kerala Blasters FC|Kerala Blasters]]
| [[Chennaiyin FC|Chennaiyin]]
|-
| [[Monotosh Chakladar]]
| [[Madan Maharaj FC|Madan Maharaj]]
| [[Chennaiyin FC|Chennaiyin]]
|-
| '''{{dts|format=dmy|2022|6|9}}'''
| [[Sourav Das (footballer)|Sourav Das]]
| [[East Bengal Club|East Bengal]]
| [[Chennaiyin FC|Chennaiyin]]
| <ref>{{cite web |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/indian-football/chennaiyin-fc-signs-midfielder-sourav-das-isl-news/article38501518.ece |title=Chennaiyin FC signs midfielder Sourav Das on a two-year deal |date=9 June 2022 |publisher=[[Sportstar]]}}</ref>
|-
| '''{{dts|format=dmy|2022|6|11}}'''
| [[Gurmukh Singh (footballer)|Gurmukh Singh]]
| [[Rajasthan United FC|Rajasthan United]]
| [[Chennaiyin FC|Chennaiyin]]
| <ref>{{cite web |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/isl/isl-news/gurmukh-singh-signs-up-to-play-for-chennaiyin-fc-isl-rajasthan-united/article38502074.ece |title=Chennaiyin FC signs defender Gurmukh Singh |date=11 June 2022 |publisher=[[Sportstar]]}}</ref>
|-
| '''{{dts|format=dmy|2022|6|15}}'''
| [[Bryce Miranda]]
| [[Churchill Brothers]]
| [[Kerala Blasters FC|Kerala Blasters]]
| <ref>{{cite web |url=https://khelnow.com/football/isl-2022-23-churchill-brothers-kerala-blasters-sign-bryce-miranda-announced |title=Bryce Miranda signs for Kerala Blasters till 2026 |date=15 June 2022 |publisher=Khel Now}}</ref>
|-
| '''{{dts|format=dmy|2022|6|16}}'''
| [[Mohammed Rafique (footballer)|Mohammed Rafique]]
| [[East Bengal Club|East Bengal]]
| [[Chennaiyin FC|Chennaiyin]]
| <ref>{{cite web |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/indian-football/isl-chennaiyin-fc-signs-mohammed-rafique-on-two-year-deal/article38503370.ece |title=Chennaiyin FC signs Mohammed Rafique on a two-year deal |date=16 June 2022 |publisher=[[Sportstar]]}}</ref>
|-
| '''{{dts|format=dmy|2022|6|19}}'''
| {{Flagicon|ESP}} [[Carlos Delgado (footballer, born 1990)|Carlos Delgado]]
| {{Flagicon|ESP}} [[CD Atlético Baleares|Atlético Baleares]]
| [[Odisha FC|Odisha]]
| <ref>{{cite web |url=https://khelnow.com/football/isl-2022-23-odisha-fc-sign-carlos-delgado-announced |title=Carlos Delgado returns to Odisha FC for second stint |date=19 June 2022 |publisher=Khel Now}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan=3 |'''{{dts|format=dmy|2022|6|20}}'''
| [[Asish Rai]]
| [[Hyderabad FC|Hyderabad]]
| [[ATK Mohun Bagan FC|ATK Mohun Bagan]]
| rowspan=2 |<ref>{{cite web |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/indian-football/isl-atk-mohun-bagan-signs-ashique-kuruniyan-and-asish-rai-atkmb-indian-super-league-news/article65572275.ece |title=ISL 2022-23: ATK Mohun Bagan signs Ashique Kuruniyan and Asish Rai |date=20 June 2022 |publisher=[[Sportstar]]}}</ref>
|-
| [[Ashique Kuruniyan]]
| [[Bengaluru FC|Bengaluru]]
| [[ATK Mohun Bagan FC|ATK Mohun Bagan]]
|-
| {{Flagicon|AUS}} [[Osama Malik]]
| {{Flagicon|AUS}} [[Perth Glory FC|Perth Glory]]
| [[Odisha FC|Odisha]]
| <ref>{{cite web |url=https://khelnow.com/football/isl-2022-23-odisha-fc-sign-australian-defender-osama-malik |title=Odisha FC sign Australian defender Osama Malik ahead of ISL 2022-23 |date=20 June 2022 |publisher=Khel Now}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan=2 |'''{{dts|format=dmy|2022|6|21}}'''
| [[Aakash Sangwan]]
| [[RoundGlass Punjab FC|RoundGlass Punjab]]
| [[Chennaiyin FC|Chennaiyin]]
| rowspan=2 |<ref>{{cite web |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/isl/isl-news/chennaiyin-fc-sign-aakash-sangwan-sajal-bag-isl-news/article38504686.ece |title=Chennaiyin FC signs Aakash Sangwan, Sajal Bag |date=21 June 2022 |publisher=[[Sportstar]]}}</ref>
|-
| Sajal Bag
| [[BSS Sporting Club]]
| [[Chennaiyin FC|Chennaiyin]]
|-
| rowspan=2 |'''{{dts|format=dmy|2022|6|22}}'''
| {{Flagicon|ESP}} [[Javi Hernández (footballer, born 1989)|Javi Hernández]]
| [[Odisha FC|Odisha]]
| [[Bengaluru FC|Bengaluru]]
| <ref>{{cite web |url=https://khelnow.com/football/isl-2022-23-bengaluru-fc-sign-javi-hernandez |title=Javi Hernandez signs for Bengaluru FC after leaving Odisha |date=22 June 2022 |publisher=Khel Now}}</ref>
|-
| {{Flagicon|BIH}} [[Enes Sipović]]
| [[Kerala Blasters FC|Kerala Blasters]]
| {{Flagicon|KUW}} [[Al-Jahra SC|Al-Jahra]]
| <ref>{{Cite tweet |user=JahraCS |number=1539695795120791556 |title=
المدافع البوسني اينيس ينضم للفريق الاول لكرة القدم #نادي_الجهراء |trans-title=Bosnian defender Ines joins the first football team |language=ar-KW }}</ref>
|-
|'''{{dts|format=dmy|2022|6|24}}'''
| {{Flagicon|ESP}} [[Álvaro Vázquez]]
| [[Kerala Blasters FC|Kerala Blasters]]
| [[FC Goa|Goa]]
| <ref>{{cite web |url=https://khelnow.com/football/isl-2022-23-fc-goa-sign-alvaro-vazquez |title=Former Kerala Blasters forward Alvaro Vazquez signs for FC Goa | date=24 June 2022 |publisher=Khel Now}}</ref>
|-
| '''{{dts|format=dmy|2022|6|26}}'''
| [[Raynier Fernandes]]
| [[Mumbai City FC|Mumbai City]]
| [[Odisha FC|Odisha]] ''(on loan)''
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://khelnow.com/football/isl-2022-23-mumbai-city-odisha-fc-sign-raynier-fernandes-loan-deal |title=Raynier Fernandes joins Odisha FC on loan from Mumbai City |date=26 June 2022 |publisher=Khel Now}}</ref>
|-
| '''{{dts|format=dmy|2022|6|27}}'''
| {{Flagicon|SEN}} [[Fallou Diagne]]
| {{Flagicon|ALB}} [[KF Vllaznia Shkodër|Vllaznia Shkodër]]
| [[Chennaiyin FC|Chennaiyin]]
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/chennaiyin-fc-signs-senagalese-defender-fallou-diagne-isl-transfer/article38506531.ece |title=Chennaiyin FC signs Senegalese defender Fallou Diagne |date=27 June 2022|publisher=[[Sportstar]]}}</ref>
|-
| '''{{dts|format=dmy|2022|6|29}}'''
| {{Flagicon|IRN}} [[Vafa Hakhamaneshi]]
| Unattached
| [[Chennaiyin FC|Chennaiyin]]
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/chennaiyin-fc-signs-defender-vafa-hakhamaneshi/article38506946.ece |title=ISL: Chennaiyin FC signs defender Vafa Hakhamaneshi |date=29 June 2022|publisher=[[Sportstar]]}}</ref>
|-
| '''{{dts|format=dmy|2022|7|1}}'''
| {{Flagicon|SYR}} [[Fares Arnaout]]
| {{Flagicon|BHR}} [[Manama Club (football)|Manama Club]]
| [[FC Goa|Goa]]
| <ref>{{cite web |url=https://fcgoa.in/media/news/fc-goa-signs-syrian-international-defender-fares-arnaout |title=FC Goa signs Syrian international defender Fares Arnaout |date=1 July 2022 |website=fcgoa.in}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan=2 |'''{{dts|format=dmy|2022|7|2}}'''
| {{Flagicon|BRA}} [[Diego Maurício]]
| [[Mumbai City FC|Mumbai City]]
| [[Odisha FC|Odisha]]
| <ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.news18.com/news/football/isl-transfer-news-odisha-fc-sign-forward-diego-mauricio-on-one-year-deal-5482657.html |title=ISL Transfer News: Odisha FC Sign Forward Diego Mauricio on One-year Deal |date=2 July 2022 |website=news18.com}}</ref>
|-
| {{Flagicon|GHA}} [[Kwame Karikari]]
| {{Flagicon|THA}} [[Nakhon Ratchasima F.C.|Nakhon Ratchasima]]
| [[Chennaiyin FC|Chennaiyin]]
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/chennaiyin-fc-signs-ghanaian-striker-karikari-football/article38507758.ece |title=Chennaiyin FC ropes in Ghanaian striker Karikari |date=2 July 2022|publisher=[[Sportstar]]}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan=2 | '''{{dts|format=dmy|2022|7|6}}'''
| [[Denechandra Meitei]]
| [[Kerala Blasters FC|Kerala Blasters]]
| [[Odisha FC|Odisha]] ''(on loan)''
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://thebridge.in/football/odisha-fc-sign-denechandra-from-kerala-blasters-33032 |title=Odisha FC sign Denechandra Meitei on loan from Kerala Blasters |date=6 July 2022 |website=thebridge.in}}</ref>
|-
| {{Flagicon|CRO}} [[Petar Slišković]]
| {{Flagicon|GER}} [[SV Wehen Wiesbaden]]
| [[Chennaiyin FC|Chennaiyin]]
| <ref>{{cite web |url=https://khelnow.com/football/isl-2022-23-chennaiyin-fc-sign-striker-petar-sliskovic-announced |title=Former Bundesliga striker Petar Sliskovic signs for Chennaiyin FC | date=6 July 2022 |publisher=Khel Now}}</ref>
|-
| '''{{dts|format=dmy|2022|7|7}}'''
| {{Flagicon|ESP}} [[Saúl Crespo]]
| {{Flagicon|ESP}} [[SD Ponferradina|Ponferradina]]
| [[Odisha FC|Odisha]]
| <ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.news18.com/news/football/isl-transfer-news-odisha-fc-sign-saul-crespo-prieto-on-1-year-deal-5509903.html |title=ISL Transfer News: Odisha FC Sign Saul Crespo Prieto on 1-year Deal |date=7 July 2022 |website=news18.com}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan=3 |'''{{dts|format=dmy|2022|7|8}}'''
| {{Flagicon|AUS}} [[Apostolos Giannou]]
| {{Flagicon|AUS}} [[Macarthur FC]]
| [[Kerala Blasters FC|Kerala Blasters]]
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/isl/isl-news/isl-2022-23-kerala-blasters-signs-greek-australian-striker-giannou-indian-super-league-news/article65616103.ece |title=ISL 2022-23: Kerala Blasters signs Greek-Australian striker Apostolos Giannou |date=8 July 2022|publisher=[[Sportstar]]}}</ref>
|-
| {{Flagicon|ESP}} [[Iker Guarrotxena]]
| {{Flagicon|ESP}} [[UD Logroñés|Logroñés]]
| [[FC Goa|Goa]]
| <ref>{{cite web |url=https://fcgoa.in/media/news/fc-goa-sign-iker-guarrotxena-2024 |title=FC Goa sign Iker Guarrotxena on two-year deal |date=8 July 2022 |website=fcgoa.in}}</ref>
|-
| {{Flagicon|ESP}} [[Pedro Martín]]
| {{Flagicon|ESP}} [[Gimnàstic de Tarragona|Gimnàstic]]
| [[Odisha FC|Odisha]]
| <ref>{{cite web |url=https://khelnow.com/football/isl-2022-23-odisha-fc-sign-forward-pedro-jose-martin-moreno-official | title=Former Atletico Madrid forward Pedro Martin joins Odisha FC |date=8 July 2022 |publisher=Khel Now}}</ref>
|-
| '''{{dts|format=dmy|2022|7|10}}'''
| {{Flagicon|AUS}} [[Rostyn Griffiths]]
| {{Flagicon|AUS}} [[Melbourne City FC|Melbourne City]]
| [[Mumbai City FC|Mumbai City]]
| <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.mumbaicityfc.com/news/mumbai-city-fc-complete-signing-of-rostyn-griffiths |title=Mumbai City FC complete signing of Rostyn Griffiths |date=10 July 2022 |website=mumbaicityfc.com}}</ref>
|-
| '''{{dts|format=dmy|2022|7|12}}'''
| {{Flagicon|ESP}} [[Víctor Rodríguez (Spanish footballer)|Víctor Rodríguez]]
| Unattached
| [[Odisha FC|Odisha]]
| <ref>{{cite web |url=https://khelnow.com/football/isl-2022-23-odisha-fc-sign-victor-rodriguez-announced | title=Spaniard Victor Rodriguez Romero joins Odisha FC |date=12 July 2022 |publisher=Khel Now}}</ref>
|-
| '''{{dts|format=dmy|2022|7|13}}'''
| {{Flagicon|ESP}} [[Victor Mongil]]
| [[Odisha FC|Odisha]]
| [[Kerala Blasters FC|Kerala Blasters]]
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://thebridge.in/football/kerala-blasters-fc-sign-victor-mongil-3323|title=Kerala Blasters FC sign Spanish defender Victor Mongil from Odisha FC |date=13 July 2022|website=thebridge.in}}</ref>
|-
| '''{{dts|format=dmy|2022|7|14}}'''
| [[Sanjeev Stalin]]
| [[Kerala Blasters FC|Kerala Blsters]]
| [[Mumbai City FC|Mumbai City]]
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/isl/isl-news/isl-mumbai-city-fc-signs-sanjeev-stalin-from-kerala-blasters-till-2026-indian-super-league-news/article65639207.ece |title=ISL 2022:23: Mumbai City signs Sanjeev Stalin from Kerala Blasters till 2026 |date=14 July 2022|publisher=[[Sportstar]]}}</ref>
|-
| '''{{dts|format=dmy|2022|7|16}}'''
| {{Flagicon|ESP}} [[Alberto Noguera]]
| [[FC Goa|Goa]]
| [[Mumbai City FC|Mumbai City]]
| <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.mumbaicityfc.com/news/mumbai-city-fc-announce-the-arrival-of-alberto-noguera |title=Mumbai City FC announce the arrival of Alberto Noguera |date=16 July 2022 |website=mumbaicityfc.com}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan=3 |'''{{dts|format=dmy|2022|7|18}}'''
| {{Flagicon|UKR}} [[Ivan Kalyuzhnyi]]
| {{Flagicon|UKR}} [[FC Oleksandriya|Oleksandriya]]
| [[Kerala Blasters FC|Kerala Blasters]] ''(on loan)''
| <ref>{{cite web |url=https://khelnow.com/football/isl-2022-23-kerala-blasters-set-to-sign-ivan-kaliuzhnyi |title=Kerala Blasters sign Ivan Kaliuzhnyi on loan from FK Oleksandriya |date=18 July 2022 |publisher=Khel Now}}</ref>
|-
| {{Flagicon|AUS}} [[Dimitri Petratos]]
| {{Flagicon|KSA}} [[Al Wehda FC|Al Wehda]]
| [[ATK Mohun Bagan FC|ATK Mohun Bagan]]
| <ref>{{cite web |url=https://iftwc.com/isl-atk-mohun-bagan-signs-dimitri-petratos/ |title=ISL – ATK Mohun Bagan signs Dimitri Petratos |date=18 July 2022 |website=iftwc.com}}</ref>
|-
| {{Flagicon|FJI}} [[Roy Krishna]]
| [[ATK Mohun Bagan]]
| [[Bengaluru FC|Bengaluru]]
| <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.news18.com/news/football/fijian-striker-roy-krishna-signed-for-bengaluru-fc-5580871.html |title=Fijian Striker Roy Krishna Signs 2-year Contract With Bengaluru FC |date= 18 July 2022 |website=news18.com}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan=2 |'''{{dts|format=dmy|2022|7|19}}'''
| {{flagicon|SCT}} [[Greg Stewart (footballer)|Greg Stewart]]
| [[Jamshedpur FC|Jamshedpur]]
| [[Mumbai City FC|Mumbai City]]
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/mumbai-city-fc-signs-greg-stewart-isl-indian-super-league-football-news/article65658137.ece |title=Mumbai City FC signs Greg Stewart on two-year deal|date=19 July 2022|publisher=[[Sportstar]]}}</ref>
|-
| {{flagicon|MAR}} [[Noah Sadaoui]]
| {{flagicon|MAR}} [[AS FAR (football club)|AS FAR]]
| [[FC Goa|Goa]]
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://khelnow.com/football/isl-2022-23-fc-goa-sign-moroccan-international-noah-sadaoui |title=Morocco international Noah Sadaoui signs for FC Goa |date=19 July 2022 |publisher=Khel Now}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan=2 |'''{{dts|format=dmy|2022|7|20}}'''
| {{flagicon|GER}} [[Julius Düker]]
| {{flagicon|GER}} [[TSV Havelse]]
| [[Chennaiyin FC|Chennaiyin]]
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/chennaiyin-fc-signs-german-midfielder-julius-duker-as-club-final-foreign-recruit/article65661520.ece |title=Chennaiyin FC signs German midfielder Julius Duker as club's final foreign recruit |date=20 July 2022|publisher=[[Sportstar]]}}</ref>
|-
| {{flagicon|ARG}} [[Jorge Pereyra Díaz]]
| {{flagicon|ARG}} [[Club Atlético Platense|Platense]]
| [[Mumbai City FC|Mumbai City]]
| <ref>{{cite web |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/mumbai-city-fc-announces-the-signing-of-pereyra-diaz/article65663786.ece |title=Mumbai City FC announces the signing of Pereyra Diaz |date=20 July 2022|publisher=[[Sportstar]]}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan=2 |'''{{dts|format=dmy|2022|7|22}}'''
| {{flagicon|ESP}} [[Odei Onaindia]]
| {{flagicon|ESP}} [[CD Mirandés|Mirandés]]
| [[Hyderabad FC|Hyderabad]]
| <ref>{{cite web |url=https://khelnow.com/football/isl-2022-23-hyderabad-fc-sign-odei-onaindia |title=Odei Onaindia makes a comeback to Hyderabad FC |date=22 July 2022 |publisher=Khel Now}}</ref>
|-
| {{Flagicon|AUS}} [[Aleksandar Jovanovic (footballer, born 1989)|Aleksandar Jovanovic]]
| {{Flagicon|AUS}} [[Macarthur FC]]
| [[Bengaluru FC|Bengaluru]]
| <ref>{{cite web |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/bengaluru-fc-signs-aleksandar-jovanovic-australian-defender-isl/article65670606.ece |title=ISL 2022-23: Bengaluru FC signs Australian defender Jovanovic |date=22 July 2022|publisher=[[Sportstar]]}}</ref>
|-
| '''{{dts|format=dmy|2022|7|27}}'''
| {{flagicon|ESP}} [[Marc Valiente]]
| {{flagicon|ESP}} [[Sporting de Gijón|Sporting Gijón]]
| [[FC Goa|Goa]]
| <ref>{{cite web |last1=Now |first1=Khel |url=https://khelnow.com/football/isl-2022-23-fc-goa-sign-marc-valiente |title=FC Goa complete signing of Marc Valiente |work=Khel Now |date=27 July 2022 }}</ref>
|-
| '''{{dts|format=dmy|2022|7|28}}'''
| [[Ajith Kumar (footballer)|Ajith Kumar]]
| [[Bengaluru FC|Bengaluru]]
| [[Chennaiyin FC|Chennaiyin]]
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/chennaiyin-fc-signs-ajith-kumar-isl-transfer-news-football/article65694765.ece#:~:text=Chennaiyin%20FC%20has%20signed%20local,year%20stint%20at%20Bengaluru%20FC. |title=ISL 2022-23: Chennaiyin FC signs local player Ajith Kumar |date=28 July 2022|publisher=[[Sportstar]]}}</ref>
|-
| '''{{dts|format=dmy|2022|7|29}}'''
| {{flagicon|ESP}} [[Borja Herrera]]
| {{flagicon|ESP}} [[UD Tamaraceite|Tamaraceite]]
| [[Hyderabad FC|Hyderabad]]
| <ref>{{cite web |url=https://khelnow.com/football/isl-2022-23-hyderabad-fc-sign-midfielder-borja-herrera |title=ISL 2022-23: Borja Herrera signs for Hyderabad FC |date=29 July 2022 |publisher=Khel Now}}</ref>
|-
| '''{{dts|format=dmy|2022|8|2}}'''
| {{flagicon|BRA}} [[Wellington Priori]]
| {{flagicon|THA}} [[Chainat Hornbill F.C.|Chainat Hornbill]]
| [[Jamshedpur FC|Jamshedpur]]
| <ref>{{cite web |url=https://khelnow.com/football/isl-2022-23-jamshedpur-fc-wellington-priori-returns |title=ISL 2022-23: Wellington Priori returns to Jamshedpur FC |date=2 August 2022 |publisher=Khel Now}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan=8 |'''{{dts|format=dmy|2022|8|3}}'''
| [[Pawan Kumar (footballer, born 1990)|Pawan Kumar]]
| [[Jamshedpur FC|Jamshedpur]]
| [[East Bengal Club|East Bengal]]
| rowspan=8 |<ref>{{cite web|url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/east-bengal-announces-domestic-players-isl-2022-23-indian-football-news/article65721973.ece |title=Emami East Bengal announces list of 13 domestic players in senior squad |date=3 August 2022|publisher=[[Sportstar]]}}</ref>
|-
| [[Mohammad Rakip]]
| [[Mumbai City FC|Mumbai City]]
| [[East Bengal Club|East Bengal]]
|-
| [[Sarthak Golui]]
| [[Bengaluru FC|Bengaluru]]
| [[East Bengal Club|East Bengal]]
|-
| [[Jerry Lalrinzuala]]
| [[Chennaiyin FC|Chennaiyin]]
| [[East Bengal Club|East Bengal]]
|-
| [[Souvik Chakrabarti]]
| [[Hyderabad FC|Hyderabad]]
| [[East Bengal Club|East Bengal]]
|-
| [[Aniket Jadhav]]
| [[Hyderabad FC|Hyderabad]]
| [[East Bengal Club|East Bengal]]
|-
| [[Naorem Mahesh Singh]]
| [[Kerala Blasters FC|Kerala Blasters]]
| [[East Bengal Club|East Bengal]]
|-
| [[Amarjit Singh Kiyam]]
| [[FC Goa|Goa]]
| [[East Bengal Club|East Bengal]] ''(on loan)''
|-
| rowspan=2 | '''{{dts|format=dmy|2022|8|4}}'''
| [[Rakshit Dagar]]
| [[Gokulam Kerala FC|Gokulam Kerala]]
| [[Jamshedpur FC|Jamshedpur]]
| rowspan=2 | <ref>{{cite web |url=https://khelnow.com/football/isl-2022-23-jamshedpur-fc-sign-goalkeeper-rakshit-dagar-midfiedler-sheikh-sahil |title=Rakshit Dagar & Sheikh Sahil sign for Jamshedpur FC | date=4 August 2022 |publisher=Khel Now}}</ref>
|-
| [[Sheikh Sahil]]
| [[ATK Mohun Bagan FC|ATK Mohun Bagan]]
| [[Jamshedpur FC|Jamshedpur]]
|-
| '''{{dts|format=dmy|2022|8|6}}'''
| {{Flagicon|BHU}} [[Chencho Gyeltshen]]
| [[Kerala Blasters FC|Kerala Blasters]]
| {{Flagicon|BHU}} [[Paro FC|Paro]]
| <ref>{{Cite tweet |user=Che7cho |number=1555935847933161474 |title=This year I have decided to sign Paro FC for BPL 2022. }}</ref>
|-
| '''{{dts|format=dmy|2022|8|8}}'''
| [[Germanpreet Singh]]
| [[Chennaiyin FC|Chennaiyin]]
| [[Jamshedpur FC|Jamshedpur]]
| <ref>{{cite web |url=https://khelnow.com/football/isl-2022-23-jamshedpur-fc-sign-midfielder-germanpreet-singh |title=Germanpreet Singh signs for Jamshedpur FC |date=8 August 2022 |publisher=Khel Now}}</ref>
|-
| '''{{dts|format=dmy|2022|8|10}}'''
| {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Harry Sawyer (soccer)|Harry Sawyer]]
| {{flagicon|AUS}} [[South Melbourne FC|South Melbourne]]
| [[Jamshedpur FC|Jamshedpur]]
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/jamsehdpur-fc-signs-australia-striker-harry-sawyer-isl/article65753696.ece |title=Jamshedpur FC signs Australian striker Harry Sawyer for upcoming Indian Super League season |date=10 August 2022|publisher=[[Sportstar]]}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan=3 |'''{{dts|format=dmy|2022|8|11}}'''
| [[Lalchungnunga]]
| [[Sreenidi Deccan FC|Sreenidi Deccan]]
| [[East Bengal Club|East Bengal]] ''(on loan)''
| rowspan=3 |<ref>{{cite web |url=https://khelnow.com/football/isl-2022-23-east-bengal-sign-kamaljit-singh-sumeet-passi-lalchungnunga |title=East Bengal add three new Indians to the ranks |date=11 August 2022 |publisher=Khel Now}}</ref>
|-
| [[Kamaljit Singh]]
| [[Odisha FC|Odisha]]
| [[East Bengal Club|East Bengal]]
|-
| [[Sumeet Passi]]
| [[RoundGlass Punjab FC|RoundGlass Punjab]]
| [[East Bengal Club|East Bengal]]
|-
| rowspan=6 |'''{{dts|format=dmy|2022|8|12}}'''
| {{flagicon|ENG}} [[Jay Emmanuel-Thomas]]
| {{flagicon|SCT}} [[Aberdeen F.C.|Aberdeen]]
| [[Jamshedpur FC|Jamshedpur]]
| <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/indian-football/news-isl-transfer-news-jamshedpur-fc-rope-jay-emmanuel-thomas-ahead-2022-23-season |title=ISL Transfer News: Jamshedpur FC rope in Jay Emmanuel-Thomas ahead of 2022-23 season |date=12 August 2022 |website=sportskeeda.com}}</ref>
|-
| {{flagicon|CYP}} [[Charalambos Kyriakou (footballer, born 1989)|Charalambos Kyriakou]]
| {{flagicon|CYP}} [[Doxa Katokopias FC|Doxa Katokopias]]
| [[East Bengal Club|East Bengal]]
| rowspan=5 |<ref>{{cite web |url=https://khelnow.com/football/isl-2022-23-east-bengal-sign-cleiton-silva-alex-lima-ivan-gonzalez-eliandro-charalambos-kyriakou |title=East Bengal announce signings of Cleiton Silva, Alex Lima, three other foreigners |date=12 August 2022 |publisher=Khel Now }}</ref>
|-
| {{flagicon|ESP}} [[Iván Garrido (footballer, born 1990)|Iván Garrido]]
| [[FC Goa|Goa]]
| [[East Bengal Club|East Bengal]]
|-
| {{flagicon|BRA}} [[Alex (footballer, born December 1988)|Alex]]
| [[Jamshedpur FC|Jamshedpur]]
| [[East Bengal Club|East Bengal]]
|-
| {{flagicon|BRA}} [[Cleiton Silva]]
| [[Bengaluru FC|Bengaluru]]
| [[East Bengal Club|East Bengal]]
|-
| {{flagicon|BRA}} [[Eliandro]]
| Unattached
| [[East Bengal Club|East Bengal]]
|-
| '''{{dts|format=dmy|2022|8|14}}'''
| [[Sandesh Jhingan]]
| [[ATK Mohun Bagan FC|ATK Mohun Bagan]]
| [[Bengaluru FC|Bengaluru]]
| <ref>{{cite web |url=https://thebridge.in/football/bengaluru-fc-signs-defender-sandesh-jhingan-34541 |title=ISL: Bengaluru FC signs defender Sandesh Jhingan, joins pre-season training |date=14 August 2022 |website=thebridge.in}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan=2 |'''{{dts|format=dmy|2022|8|17}}'''
| [[Bidyashagar Singh]]
| [[Bengaluru FC|Bengaluru]]
| [[Kerala Blasters FC|Kerala Blasters]] ''(on loan)''
| <ref>{{cite web |url=https://thebridge.in/kerala-blasters-fc/isl-kerala-bolster-attack-bidyashagar-singh-34605 |title=ISL: Kerala Blasters FC bolster attack with striker Bidyashagar Singh |date=17 August 2022 |website=thebridge.in}}</ref>
|-
| Debnath Mondal
| [[East Bengal Club|East Bengal]]
| [[ATK Mohun Bagan FC|ATK Mohun Bagan]]
| <ref>{{Cite tweet |user=atkmohunbaganfc |number=1559873001872510976 |title=We have added goalkeeper Debnath Mondal in our ranks ahead of the new season }}</ref>
|-
| '''{{dts|format=dmy|2022|8|18}}'''
| [[Jithin MS]]
| [[Gokulam Kerala FC|Gokulam Kerala]]
| [[NorthEast United FC|NorthEast United]]
| <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/indian-football/news-isl-transfer-news-northeast-united-fc-rope-midfielder-jithin-ms |title=ISL Transfer News: NorthEast United FC rope in midfielder Jithin MS |date=18 August 2022 |website=sportskeeda.com}}</ref>
|}

=== Mid-season ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Date
!Name
!Moving from
!Moving to
!Ref.
|-
| '''{{dts|format=dmy|2022|10|23}}'''
| {{Flagicon|NGR}} [[Sylvester Igboun]]
| [[NorthEast United FC|NorthEast United]]
| Unattached
| <ref>{{cite web |url=https://khelnow.com/football/2022-10-indian-football-isl-2022-23-northeast-united-sylvester-igboun-leaves-club |title=Breaking: Nigerian forward Sylvester Igboun leaves NorthEast United |date=23 October 2022 |website=khelnow.com}}</ref>
|-
| '''{{dts|format=dmy|2022|10|29}}'''
| {{Flagicon|IND}} Suvam Sen
| Unattached
| [[East Bengal FC|East Bengal]]
| <ref>{{cite web |url=https://thebridge.in/isl/suvam-sen-reunites-with-east-bengal-36738 |title=Suvam Sen reunites with East Bengal FC |date=29 October 2022 |website=thebridge.in}}</ref>
|-
| '''{{dts|format=dmy|2022|11|8}}'''
| {{Flagicon|IND}} Lalhmangaihsanga Ralte
| [[FC Goa|Goa]]
| [[Mumbai Kenkre FC|Kenkre]]
|
|-
| '''{{dts|format=dmy|2022|11|10}}'''
| {{Flagicon|IND}} [[Halen Nongtdu]]
| [[Indian Arrows]]
| [[Mumbai City FC|Mumbai City]]
| <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.mumbaicityfc.com/news/mumbai-city-fc-complete-signing-of-18-year-old-defender-halen-nongtdu |title=Mumbai City Sign 18-Year-Old Defender Halen Nongtdu |date=10 November 2022 |website=mumbaicityfc.com}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan=2 |'''{{dts|format=dmy|2022|11|21}}'''
| {{Flagicon|COL}} [[Wilmar Jordán]]
| Unattached
| [[NorthEast United FC|NorthEast United]]
| <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.indiansuperleague.com/news/northeast-united-fc-sign-colombian-striker-wilmar-jordan |title=NorthEast United FC sign Colombian striker Wilmar Jordan |date=21 November 2022 |website=indiansuperleague.com}}</ref>
|-
| {{Flagicon|IND}} [[Hira Mondal]]
| [[Bengaluru FC|Bengaluru]]
| Unattached
| <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.indiansuperleague.com/news/defender-hira-mondal-leaves-bengaluru-fc |title=Defender Hira Mondal leaves Bengaluru FC |date=21 November 2022 |website=indiansuperleague.com}}</ref>
|-
| '''{{dts|format=dmy|2022|12|5}}'''
| {{Flagicon|ESP}} [[Pablo Pérez (footballer, born 1993)|Pablo Pérez]]
| Unattached
| [[Bengaluru FC|Bengaluru]]
| <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.indiansuperleague.com/news/bengaluru-fc-sign-spanish-midfielder-pablo-perez-until-end-of-season |title=Bengaluru FC sign Spanish midfielder Pablo Perez until end of season |date=7 December 2022 |website=indiansuperleague.com}}</ref>
|-
| '''{{dts|format=dmy|2022|12|6}}'''
| {{Flagicon|BRA}} [[Wellington Priori]]
| [[Jamshedpur FC|Jamshedpur]]
| Unattached
| <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.indiansuperleague.com/news/midfielder-wellington-priori-leaves-jamshedpur-fc |title=Midfielder Wellington Priori leaves Jamshedpur FC |date=6 December 2022 |website=indiansuperleague.com}}</ref>
|-
| '''{{dts|format=dmy|2022|12|7}}'''
| {{Flagicon|BRA}} [[Rafael Crivellaro]]
| [[Chennaiyin FC|Chennaiyin]]
| [[Jamshedpur FC|Jamshedpur]]
| <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.indiansuperleague.com/news/jamshedpur-fc-rope-in-brazilian-midfielder-rafael-crivellaro |title=Jamshedpur FC rope in Brazilian midfielder Rafael Crivellaro |date=7 December 2022 |website=indiansuperleague.com}}</ref>
|-
| '''{{dts|format=dmy|2022|12|21}}'''
| {{Flagicon|MNE}} [[Slavko Damjanović]]
| {{flagicon|SER}} [[FK Novi Pazar|Novi Pazar]]
| [[ATK Mohun Bagan FC|ATK Mohun Bagan]]
| <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.indiansuperleague.com/bn/news/atkmb-signs-montenegrin-defender-slavko-damjanovic |title=পোগবার জায়গায় এটিকে মোহনবাগানে সার্বিয়ান ডিফেন্ডার স্লাভকো দামজানোভিচ |date=21 December 2022 |website=indiansuperleague.com}}</ref>
|-
| '''{{dts|format=dmy|2022|12|29}}'''
| {{Flagicon|IND}} [[Lalthathanga Khawlhring|Puitea]]
| [[Kerala Blasters FC|Kerala Blasters]]
| [[ATK Mohun Bagan FC|ATK Mohun Bagan]]
| <ref>{{cite web |url=https://khelnow.com/football/2022-12-indian-football-isl-2022-23-atk-mohun-bagan-sign-puitea-long-term-deal |title=Puitea signs long-term deal with ATK Mohun Bagn; to join on 1st Jan |date=29 December 2022 |website=khelnow.com}}</ref>
|}

== See also ==
* [[Indian Super League]]
* [[2022–23 Indian Super League]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Indian Super League}}
{{2022–23 in Indian football}}
{{Indian football transfers}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:List of 2022-23 Indian Super League transfers}}
[[Category:Lists of Indian Super League transfers]]
[[Category:2022–23 in Indian football]]
[[Category:Football transfers summer 2022|India]]
[[Category:2022–23 Indian Super League season]]

2022 North East Olympic Games

2025-09-17T01:18:48Z

ElijahCombs83: put up the info basic info

{{Short description|Multi-sport event in Shillong, Meghalaya, India}}
{{Infobox sports competition event|event=2022 North East Olympic Games|venue=[[Shillong, Meghalaya]]|start_date=30 October 2022|end_date=6 November 2022|previous=[[2018 North East Olympic Games|2018 NEOG]]|next=[[2024 North East Olympic Games|2024 NEOG]]}}

The '''2022 North East Olympic Games''' ('''2022 NEOG''') were the second edition of [[North East Games|North East Olympic Games]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Saini |first=Abhishek |date=2022-11-17 |title=North East Olympic Games: The first mile of Meghalaya’s road to sporting success |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/other-sports/north-east-olympic-games-2022-meghalaya-road-to-sporting-success/article66147463.ece |access-date=2024-01-02 |website=Sportstar |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-11-10 |title=2nd North East Olympic Games officially kicks-off |url=https://theshillongtimes.com/2022/11/11/2nd-north-east-olympic-games-officially-kicks-off/ |access-date=2024-01-02 |website=The Shillong Times |language=en-US}}</ref> Over 3,000 athletes participated in 18 Olympic disciplines.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Women athletes, supported by the Dream Sports Foundation, won big at the North-East Olympic Games 2022 |work=APN News |url=https://www.apnnews.com/women-athletes-supported-by-the-dream-sports-foundation-won-big-at-the-north-east-olympic-games-2022/}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2022-08-11 |title=Meghalaya to host upcoming North East Olympics Games from October 30 |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/others/meghalaya-to-host-upcoming-north-east-olympics-games-from-october-30-101660189397057.html |access-date=2024-01-02 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref>

Manipur won the most medals at the event, with 237 medals, and 85 of them being gold medals.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |agency=Press Trust of India |date=2022-11-16 |title=Manipur tops North East Olympic Games for second consecutive time |url=http://www.eastmojo.com/manipur/2022/11/16/manipur-tops-north-east-olympic-games-for-second-consecutive-time/ |access-date=2024-01-02 |website=EastMojo |language=en-US}}</ref>

== History ==
The 2022 NEOG was to be held in Arunachal Pradesh in 2020, but was postponed due to the [[COVID-19 pandemic]]. The 2022 NEOG was meant in part to commemorate the 50th year of host state [[Meghalaya]]'s statehood.<ref name=":1" />

== Disciplines ==
The disciplines contested were archery, athletics, badminton, basketball, boxing, football, judo, karate, shooting, swimming, table tennis, taekwondo, tennis, wushu, cycling (Mountain Bike), golf, weightlifting and wrestling.<ref name=":1" />

== Results ==
{{Medal tally
|class=sortable
|header=Medal tally
|team1=[[Manipur at the North East Games|Manipur]]
|gold1=88
|silver1=75
|bronze1=77
|team2=[[Assam at the North East Games|Assam]]
|gold2=79
|silver2=61
|bronze2=63
|team3={{nowrap|Arunachal Pradesh}}
|gold3=39
|silver3=36
|bronze3=37
|team4=Meghalaya
|gold4=36
|silver4=35
|bronze4=78
|team5=Nagaland
|gold5=18
|silver5=17
|bronze5=43
|team6=Mizoram
|gold6=16
|silver6=30
|bronze6=60
|team7=Tripura
|gold7=4
|silver7=11
|bronze7=27
|team8=Sikkim
|gold8=3
|silver8=16
|bronze8=31
}}

Reference:<ref>{{Cite web |title=Manipur wins North East Olympics 2022 |url=https://www.morungexpress.com/manipur-wins-north-east-olympics-2022 |access-date=2024-04-21 |website=MorungExpress}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:North East Games]]
[[Category:Sporting events in India]]

Mahishadal (community development block)

2025-08-01T15:41:10Z

ElijahCombs83: general adjusted layout as per guidelines further and corrected details for accuracy

{{About|the community development block in West Bengal, India|1. its namesake village|Mahishadal |2. its namesake assembly constituency|Mahisadal (Vidhan Sabha constituency)}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Mahishadal
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Community development block
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| image_map = Mahishadal in Purba Medinipur (West Bengal).svg
| pushpin_map =
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in West Bengal, India
| coordinates = {{coord|22.183333|N|87.983333|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[West Bengal]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Purba Medinipur district|Purba Medinipur]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type = [[Community development block in India|Community development block]]
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 146.48
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 6
| population_total = 206,277
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]], [[English language|English]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 721628 (Rangibasan) 721654 (Lakshya)
| area_code = 03228
| registration_plate = [[List of RTO districts in India#WB.E2.80.94West Bengal|WB]]-29, [[List of RTO districts in India#WB.E2.80.94West Bengal|WB]]-30
| blank1_name_sec1 = Literacy
| blank1_info_sec1 = 86.21%
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank2_info_sec1 = [[Tamluk (Lok Sabha constituency)|Tamluk]]
| blank3_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency
| blank3_info_sec1 = [[Mahisadal (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Mahisadal]]
| website = {{URL|purbamedinipur.gov.in/}}
| iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:IN|IN-WB]]
| footnotes =
}}

'''Mahishadal''' is a [[Community development block in India|community development block]] that forms an administrative division in [[Haldia subdivision]] of [[Purba Medinipur district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[West Bengal]].

==Geography==
Purba Medinipur district is part of the lower [[Indo-Gangetic Plain]] and [[Eastern coastal plains]]. Topographically, the district can be divided into two parts – (a) almost entirely flat plains on the west, east and north, (b) the coastal plains on the south. The vast expanse of land is formed of [[alluvium]] and is composed of younger and coastal alluvial. The elevation of the district is within 10 metres above mean sea level. The district has a long coastline of 65.5 km along its southern and south eastern boundary. Five coastal CD Blocks, namely, Khejuri II, Contai II (Deshapran), Contai I, Ramnagar I and II, are occasionally affected by cyclones and tornadoes. Tidal floods are quite regular in these five CD Blocks. Normally floods occur in 21 of the 25 CD Blocks in the district. The major rivers are Haldi, Rupnarayan, Rasulpur, Bagui and Keleghai, flowing in north to south or south-east direction. River water is an important source of irrigation. The district has a low 899 hectare forest cover, which is 0.02% of its geographical area.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.dcmsme.gov.in/dips/PURBA%20MIDNAPORE-wb.pdf |title = Brief Industrial Profile of Purba Midnapur District |publisher= Ministry of Micro Small and Medium Industries, Government of India | access-date = 29 June 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.researchgate.net/publication/262525164 |title = Mapping Dynamics of land utilization and its changing Patterns of Purba Medinipure District - W.B | access-date = 29 June 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/DHDR_Purba%20Medinipur.pdf| title = District Human Development Report: Purba Medinipur| work = Chapter I Introduction| publisher = Development and Planning Department, Government of West Bengal, 2011| access-date = 29 June 2016| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160923122628/http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/DHDR_Purba%20Medinipur.pdf| archive-date = 23 September 2016| url-status = dead}}</ref>

Mahishadal is located at {{coord|22.183333|N|87.983333|E|format=dms|}}.

Mahishadal CD Block is bounded by [[Shyampur I]] CD Block, in Howrah district, across the [[Rupnarayan River|Rupnarayan]] in the north, [[Sutahata (community development block)|Sutahata]] CD Block in the east, [[Haldia (community development block)|Haldia]], [[Nandigram II]] and [[Chandipur (community development block)|Chandipur]] CD Blocks in the south and [[Nandakumar (community development block)|Nandakumar]] CD Blocks in the west.

It is located 16 km from [[Tamluk]], the district headquarters.

Mahishadal CD Block has an area of 146.48 km2. It has 1 [[Panchayat Samiti (Block)|panchayat samity]], 11 [[gram panchayat]]s, 154 gram sansads (village councils), 75 [[mouza]]s and 73 inhabited villages. [[Mahishadal#Police station|Mahishadal]] police station serves this block.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook | title = District Statistical Handbook 2014 Purba Medinipur | work = Tables 2.1, 2.2 | publisher = Department of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of West Bengal | access-date = 29 March 2019 | archive-date = 21 January 2019 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190121045803/http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook | url-status = dead }}</ref> Headquarters of this CD Block is at [[Mahishadal|Rangibasan]].<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1919_PART_A_DCHB_PURBA%20MEDINIPUR.pdf |title = District Census Handbook: Purba Medinipur | work= Map of Purba Medinipur with CD Block HQs and Police Stations |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal, 2011 | access-date = 9 November 2016 }}</ref>

[[Gram panchayat]]s of Mahishadal block/ panchayat samiti are: Amritberia, Betkundu, Garhkamalpur, Itamogra I, Itamogra II, Kismat-Naikundi, Lakshya I, Lakshya II, Natshal I, Natshal II and Satish Samanta.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://wbprd.gov.in/HtmlPage/PANCHAYATS.aspx |title = Directory of District, Subdivision, Panchayat Samiti/ Block and Gram Panchayats in West Bengal |work = Purba Medinipur - Revised in March 2008 | publisher= Panchayats and Rural Development Department, Government of West Bengal | access-date = 22 June 2016}}</ref>

==Demographics==

===Population===
As per [[2011 Census of India]] Mahishadal CD Block had a total population of 206,277, of which 199,613 were rural and 6,664 were urban. There were 106,391 (52%) males and 99,886 (48%) females. Population below 6 years was 23,598. [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Scheduled Castes]] numbered 23,201 (11.25%) and [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Scheduled Tribes]] numbered 193 (0.09%).<ref name=census2011>{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/cdb_pca_census/Houselisting-housing-WB.html |title = C.D. Block Wise Primary Census Abstract Data(PCA) | work= 2011 census: West Bengal – District-wise CD Blocks|publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India | access-date = 1 July 2016}}</ref>

As per 2001 census, Mahishadal block had a total population of 182,245, out of which 93,470 were males and 88,775 were females. Mahishadal block registered a population growth of 14.89 per cent during the 1991-2001 decade. Decadal growth for the combined Midnapore district was 14.87 per cent.<ref name=census>{{cite web | url =http://web.cmc.net.in/wbcensus/DataTables/02/Table4_15.htm | title = Provisional population totals, West Bengal, Table 4, (erstwhile) Medinipur District | access-date = 2011-07-20 | work = Census of India 2001 | publisher = Census Commission of India|url-status=dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110928205819/http://web.cmc.net.in/wbcensus/DataTables/02/Table4_15.htm|archive-date=September 28, 2011}}</ref> Decadal growth in West Bengal was 17.84 per cent.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wbcensus.gov.in/DataTables/02/Table4_1.htm |title=Provisional Population Totals, West Bengal. Table 4 |access-date= 17 July 2016 |work=Census of India 2001 |publisher=Census Commission of India |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927041813/http://www.wbcensus.gov.in/DataTables/02/Table4_1.htm |archive-date=27 September 2007 }}</ref>

[[Census Town]] in Mahishadal CD Block (2011 census figure in brackets: [[Garh Kamalpur]] (6,664).<ref name=census2011/>

Large villages (with 4,000+ population) in Mahishadal CD Block (2011 census figures in brackets): Gopalpur (8,294), Basulya (4,599), Itamagra (4,032), Rajarampur (4,078), Keshabpur Jalpai (8,955), Kanchanpur (5,597), Chanpi (5,237), Kalika Kundu (6,421), Rambagh (4,208), Purba Srirampur (5,024), Natshal (11,331), Laksya (8,247), Betkundu (4,935) and Mayachar or Bardyabiri Char (4,361).<ref name=census2011/>

Other villages in Mahishadal CD Block (2011 census figures in brackets): Rangibasan (2,570), Kismatnai Kundi (2,686) and Amritberya (3,958).<ref name=census2011/>

===Literacy===
As per 2011 census the total number of literates in Mahisadal CD Block was 157,494 (86.21% of the population over 6 years) out of which 86,027 (55%) were males and 71,467 (45%) were females.<ref name=census2011/>

As per 2011 census, literacy in Purba Medinipur district was 87.02%.<ref name=census3-2011>{{cite web| url = http://www.census2011.co.in/census/district/19-purba-medinipur.html |title = Purba Medinipur (East Midnapore) District: Census 2011 data | work= 2016 Digital Trends |publisher= Census Population 2015 Data | access-date = 27 June 2016}}</ref> Purba Medinipur had the highest literacy amongst all the districts of West Bengal in 2011.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.census2011.co.in/census/state/districtlist/west+bengal.html |title = Districts of West Bengal | work= High Literacy |publisher= Census Population 2015 Data | access-date = 27 June 2016}}</ref> Literacy in West Bengal was 77.08% in 2011.<ref name=literacy>{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/data_files/india/Final_PPT_2011_progresstables.pdf | title= Provisional population tables and annexures| work= Census 2011:Table 2(3) Literates and Literacy rates by sex |publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India | access-date = 27 June 2016}}</ref> Literacy in India in 2011 was 74.04%.<ref name=literacy/>

See also – [[List of West Bengal districts ranked by literacy rate]]

{{Literacy in CD Blocks of Purba Medinipur district|collapsible=y}}

===Language and religion===

{{bar box
|title=Religion in Mahishadal CD block (2011)<ref name="religion"/>
|titlebar=#FCD116
|left1=
|float=left
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Hinduism in West Bengal|Hinduism]]|darkorange|79.96}}
{{bar percent|[[Islam in West Bengal|Islam]]|green|19.68}}
{{bar percent|Other or not stated|black|0.36}}
}}

In 2011 census Hindus numbered 164,943 and formed 79.96% of the population in Mahishadal CD Block. Muslims numbered 40,596 and formed 19.68% of the population. Others numbered 738 and formed 0.36% of the population.<ref name="religion">{{Cite web |date=2011 |title=Table C-01 Population by Religion: West Bengal |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11396/download/14509/DDW19C-01%20MDDS.XLS |website=censusindia.gov.in |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref> In 2001, Hindus made up 81.51% and Muslims 18.13% of the population respectively.<ref name=censusreligion2001>{{cite web| url = https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/21481/download/24613/PC01_C01_19.xls|title = Table C01 Population by Religious Community: West Bengal |publisher = [[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]] |date=2001}}</ref>

[[Bengali language|Bengali]] is the predominant language, spoken by 99.89% of the population.<ref name="languages">{{Cite web |title=Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: West Bengal |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/10226/download/13338/DDW-C16-STMT-MDDS-1900.XLSX |website=www.censusindia.gov.in |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>

==Rural poverty==
The District Human Development Report for Purba Medinipur has provided a CD Block-wise data table for [[Human Poverty Index|Modified Human Poverty Index]] of the district. Mahishadal CD Block registered 26.35 on the MHPI scale. The CD Block-wise mean MHPI was estimated at 24.78. Eleven out of twentyfive CD Blocks were found to be severely deprived in respect of grand CD Block average value of MHPI (CD Blocks with lower amount of poverty are better): All the CD Blocks of Haldia and Contai subdivisions appeared backward, except Ramnagar I & II, of all the blocks of Egra subdivision only Bhagabanpur I appeared backward and in Tamluk subdivision none appeared backward.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/DHDR_Purba%20Medinipur.pdf | title = District Human Development Report: Purba Medinipur | work = May 2011. Pages: 2214-215 | publisher = Development & Planning Department, Government of West Bengal | access-date = 28 March 2017 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160923122628/http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/DHDR_Purba%20Medinipur.pdf | archive-date = 23 September 2016 | url-status = dead }}</ref>

==Economy==

===Livelihood===
In Mahishadal CD Block in 2011, total workers formed 35.88% of the total population and amongst the class of total workers, cultivators formed 11.27%, agricultural labourers 34.96%, household industry workers 5.04% and other workers 49.00%.<ref name=handbook2014>{{cite web | url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook | title = District Statistical Handbook 2014 Purba Medinipur | work = Tables 2.7, 2.1, 8.2, 16.1, 17.2, 18.1, 18.2, 18.3, 20.1, 21.2, 4.4, 3.1, 3.3 – arranged as per use | publisher = Department of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of West Bengal | access-date = 29 March 2019 | archive-date = 21 January 2019 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190121045803/http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook | url-status = dead }}</ref>

===Infrastructure===
There are 73 inhabited villages in Mahishadal CD block. All 73 villages (100%) have power supply. 72 villages (98.63%) have drinking water supply. 27 villages (36.99%) have post offices. 62 villages (84.93%) have telephones (including landlines, public call offices and mobile phones). 29 villages (39.73%) have a pucca (paved) approach road and 34 villages (46.58%) have transport communication (includes bus service, rail facility and navigable waterways). 14 villages (19.18%) have [[Primary Agricultural Credit Society|agricultural credit societies]]. 17 villages (23.29%) have banks.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1919_PART_A_DCHB_PURBA%20MEDINIPUR.pdf |title = District Census Handbook Purba Medinipur, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A |work = Page 93 Table 36: Distribution of villages according to availability of different amenities, 2011 | publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal| access-date = 30 March 2019}}</ref>

In 2007-08, around 40% of rural households in the district had electricity.<ref name=humandev2>{{cite web | url = http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/DHDR_Purba%20Medinipur.pdf | title = District Human Development Report: Purba Medinipur | work = May 2011. Pages: 26, 30-33, 37, 61-63, 89-94 | publisher = Development & Planning Department, Government of West Bengal | access-date = 28 March 2017 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160923122628/http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/DHDR_Purba%20Medinipur.pdf | archive-date = 23 September 2016 | url-status = dead }}</ref>

In 2013-14, there were 38 fertiliser depots, 8 seed stores and 32 [[Public distribution system|fair price shops]] in the CD Block.<ref name=handbook2014/>

===Agriculture===
{{Pie chart
|caption= '''Persons engaged in agriculture in Mahishadal CD Block'''
|value1 = 6.91
||label1 = Bargadars
|value2 = 13.10
|label2 = Patta holders
|value3 = 2.52
|label3 = Small farmers
|value4 = 33.75
|label4 = Marginal farmers
|value5 = 43.71
|label5= Agricultural labourers}}

According to the District [[Human Development Report]] of Purba Medinipur: The agricultural sector is the lifeline of a predominantly rural economy. It is largely dependent on the Low Capacity Deep Tubewells (around 50%) or High Capacity Deep Tubewells (around 27%) for irrigation, as the district does not have a good network of canals, compared to some of the neighbouring districts. In many cases the canals are drainage canals which get the backflow of river water at times of high tide or the rainy season. The average size of land holding in Purba Medinipur, in 2005-06, was 0.73 hectares against 1.01 hectares in West Bengal.<ref name=humandev2/>

In 2013-14, the total area irrigated in Mahisadal CD Block was 7,060 hectares, out of which 500 hectares were irrigated by tank water, 55 hectares by shallow tube wells, 375 hectares by river lift irrigation and .6,130 hectares by other means.<ref name=handbook2014/>

Although the Bargadari Act of 1950 recognised the rights of [[bargadar]]s to a higher share of crops from the land that they tilled, it was not implemented fully. Large tracts, beyond the prescribed limit of land ceiling, remained with the rich landlords. From 1977 onwards major land reforms took place in West Bengal. Land in excess of land ceiling was acquired and distributed amongst the peasants.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/24%20pgsSouth/s24prg_main.htm | title = District Human Development Report: South 24 Parganas | work = (1) Chapter 1.2, South 24 Parganas in Historical Perspective, pages 7-9 (2) Chapter 3.4, Land reforms, pages 32-33 | publisher = Development & Planning Department, Government of West Bengal, 2009 | access-date = 29 March 2017 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20161005044029/http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/24%20pgsSouth/s24prg_main.htm | archive-date = 5 October 2016 | url-status = dead }}</ref> Following [[Land reform in India|land reforms]] land ownership pattern has undergone transformation. In 2013-14, persons engaged in agriculture in Mahishadal CD Block could be classified as follows: [[bargadar]]s 6.91%, patta (document) holders 13.10%, small farmers (possessing land between 1 and 2 hectares) 2.52%, marginal farmers (possessing land up to 1 hectare) 33.75% and agricultural labourers 43.71%.<ref name=handbook2014/>

In 2013-14, Mahishadal CD Block produced 12,670 tonnes of [[Rice#Ecotypes and cultivars|Aman paddy]], the main winter crop, from 9,894 hectares, 23,856 tonnes of Boro paddy, the spring crop, from 6,356 hectares, 307 tonnes of Aus paddy, the summer crop, from 150 hectares, 27 tonnes of jute from 2 hectares and 518 tonnes of potatoes from 19 hectares. It also produced pulses and oil seeds.<ref name=handbook2014/>

[[Betel]]vine is a major source of livelihood in Purba Medinipur district, particularly in Tamluk and Contai subdivisions. Betelvine production in 2008-09 was the highest amongst all the districts and was around a third of the total state production. In 2008-09, Purba Mednipur produced 2,789 tonnes of [[Cashew|cashew nuts]] from 3,340 hectares of land.<ref name=humandev2/>

{| class="toccolours" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; font-size: 85%; background:#ffffcc; color:black; width:20em; max-width: 25%;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"
! style="background-color:#cccccc;" | Concentration of Handicraft Activities in CD Blocks
|-
| style="text-align: left;" |
* ''' Horn Craft ''' - Kolaghat
* '''Pata Chitra ''' - Chandipur, Nandakumar
* '''Sea Shell ''' – Ramnagar I & II
* '''Mat & Mat Diversified Products ''' – Ramnagar I, Egra I & II, Patashpur I
* '''Brass & Bell Metal ''' – Ramnagar I, Mahishadal, Patashpur II, Egra I
* '''Diversified Jute Products ''' – Ramnagar II, Nandakumar, Kolaghat, Shahid Matangini
* '''Cane & Bamboo Products ''' - Chandipur, Nandakumar, Kolaghat, Shahid Matangini
* '''Sola Craft ''' - Tamluk, Kolaghat
* '''Pottery/Terracotta ''' - Panskura, Tamluk, Sahid Matangini, Nandakumar
* '''Wood Craft ''' - Tamluk
* '''Zari work '''- Sutahta, Mahishadal, Haldia, Nandakumar
Source: District Human Development Report, Purba Medinipur, Page 97
|}

===Pisciculture===
Purba Medinipur's net district domestic product derives one fifth of its earnings from fisheries, the highest amongst all the districts of West Bengal.<ref name=humandev2/> The net area available for effective pisciculture in Mahishadal CD Block in 2013-14 was 870.00 hectares. 4,458 persons were engaged in the profession and approximate annual production was 33,147 quintals.<ref name=handbook2014/>

===Banking===
In 2013-14, Mahishadal CD Block had offices of 3 commercial banks and 3 [[Regional Rural Bank|gramin banks]].<ref name=handbook2014/>

===Backward Regions Grant Fund===
Medinipur East district is listed as a backward region and receives financial support from the [[Backward Regions Grant Fund]]. The fund, created by the Government of India, is designed to redress regional imbalances in development. As of 2012, 272 districts across the country were listed under this scheme. The list includes 11 districts of West Bengal.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.panchayat.gov.in/documents/10198/0/BRGFFINALGUIDELINES.pdf | title = Backward Regions Grant Funds: Programme Guidelines | publisher = Ministry of Panchayati Raj, Government of India | access-date = 22 September 2019 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20171030225317/http://www.panchayat.gov.in/documents/10198/0/BRGFFINALGUIDELINES.pdf | archive-date = 30 October 2017 | url-status = dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=84879 | title= Backward Regions Grant Fund| work= Press Release, 14 June 2012 |publisher= Press Information Bureau, Government of India | access-date = 22 September 2019}}</ref>

==Transport==
{{Howrah–Kharagpur line |collapse=y}}

[[Mahishadal railway station]] and [[Satish Samanta Halt railway station]] is situated on the [[Howrah-Kharagpur line|Panskura-Haldia line]].<ref>{{cite web| url = http://indiarailinfo.com/train/timetable/panskura-haldia-local-38055/18396/166/6415 |title = 38093=> 38055 Panskura-Haldia Local | access-date = 29 March 2017}}</ref> The line was constructed in 1968<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.ser.indianrailways.gov.in/uploads/files/1427346652869-BNR%20history.pdf | title = Year of construction of important BG lines | work = History | publisher = South Eastern Railway | access-date = 1 July 2016 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150513014650/http://www.ser.indianrailways.gov.in/uploads/files/1427346652869-BNR%20history.pdf | archive-date = 13 May 2015 | url-status = dead }}</ref> and was electrified in 1974-76.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://irfca.org/docs/electrification-history.html |title = History of Electrification | publisher= IRFCA| access-date = 1 July 2016}}</ref>

[[National Highway 116 (India)|NH 116]], from Kolaghat to Haldia, passes through this block.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://dorth.gov.in/writereaddata/linkimages/9-6774713323.pdf | title = National Highways | access-date = 1 July 2016 | publisher = Ministry of Road Transport and Highways | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160816023220/http://dorth.gov.in/writereaddata/linkimages/9-6774713323.pdf | archive-date = 16 August 2016 | url-status = dead }}</ref><ref>Google maps</ref>
Haldia to Mecheda state highway also passes through the block.

==Tourism==
Mahishadal and [[Geonkhali]] are tourist destinations.<ref>{{cite web| url= http://haldiatourism.gov.in/index.html| title= Haldia Tourism and Industrial Development| work= Tourist Destinations| publisher= Haldia Development Authority| access-date= 8 July 2016| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160905002402/http://haldiatourism.gov.in/index.html| archive-date= 5 September 2016| url-status= dead}}</ref>

==Education==
In 2013-14, Mahishadal CD Block had 128 primary schools with 9,625 students, 8 middle schools with 463 students, 13 high schools with 9,654 students, 17 higher secondary schools with 16,670 students and a private school with nearly 1500 students which provides schooling from nursery to higher secondary (class 12) . Mahishadal CD Block had 2 general colleges with 4,923 students and 304 institutions for special and non-formal education with 11,196 students.<ref name=handbook2014/>

As per the 2011 census, in Mahishadal CD block, amongst the 73 inhabited villages, 2 villages did not have a school, 49 villages had two or more primary schools, 38 villages had at least 1 primary and 1 middle school and 24 villages had at least 1 middle and 1 secondary school.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1919_PART_A_DCHB_PURBA%20MEDINIPUR.pdf| title = District Census Handbook, Purba Mednipur, 2011, Series 20, Part XII A | work = Page 1091-92, Appendix I A: Villages by number of Primary Schools and Appendix I B: Villages by Primary, Middle and Secondary Schools | publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal. | access-date = 30 March 2019}}</ref>

[[Mahishadal Raj College]] at [[Mahishadal]] was established in 1946. In addition to courses in arts, science and commerce, it offers post-graduate courses in Bengali and chemistry.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.collegebatch.com/5627-mahishadal-raj-college-contact-number-address-map-medinipur |title = Mahishadal Raj College | publisher= collegebatch.com | access-date = 9 April 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.collegeadmission.in/MahishadalRajCollege/Mahishadal_Raj_College.shtml | title = Mahishadal Raj College | publisher = College Admission | access-date = 10 November 2016 | archive-date = 25 April 2019 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190425021659/https://www.collegeadmission.in/MahishadalRajCollege/Mahishadal_Raj_College.shtml | url-status = dead }}</ref>

[[Mahishadal Girls College]] at [[Mahishadal]] was established in 1969. It offers courses in arts and science.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://mahishadalgirlscollegewb.in/coursesoffered.html | title = Mahishadal Girls College | publisher = Mahishadal Girls College | access-date = 10 November 2016 | archive-date = 17 December 2016 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20161217123550/http://www.mahishadalgirlscollegewb.in/coursesoffered.html | url-status = dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.collegeadmission.in/MahisadalGirlsCollege/Mahisadal_Girls_College.shtml | title = Mahishadal Girls College | publisher = College Admission | access-date = 10 November 2016 | archive-date = 11 November 2016 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20161111122939/http://www.collegeadmission.in/MahisadalGirlsCollege/Mahisadal_Girls_College.shtml | url-status = dead }}</ref>

==Healthcare==
In 2014, Mahishadal CD Block had 1 block primary health centre, 1 [[Primary Health Centre (India)|primary health centre]], and 3 private nursing homes with total 80 beds and 8 doctors (excluding private bodies). It had 30 family welfare sub centres. 4,331 patients were treated indoor and 109,019 patients were treated outdoor in the hospitals, health centres and subcentres of the CD Block.<ref name=handbook2014/>

Basulia Rural Hospital at [[Mahishadal|Basulia]] (with 30 beds) is the main medical facility in Mahishadal CD block. There are [[Primary Health Centre (India)|primary health centres]] at Natsal, PO Geonkhali (with 10 beds) and Rajarampur, PO Geonkhali (with ? beds).<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/ | title = Health & Fam ily Welfare Department | work = Health Statistics | publisher = Government of West Bengal | access-date = 27 March 2019 | archive-date = 28 October 2021 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20211028134305/https://qphs.fs.quoracdn.net/main-qimg-99a499ee367f0c1530476c81086270c8 | url-status = dead }}</ref>

==External links==
{{Wikivoyage-inline|Geonkhali}} - includes Mahishadal

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

{{Municipalities of West Bengal}}
{{Purba Medinipur topics}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Community development blocks in Purba Medinipur district]]

Abdur Rauf Danapuri

2025-07-17T23:16:23Z

ElijahCombs83: put up some stub v1

{{Short description|Indian Islamic scholar and political figure (d. 1948)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2025}}
{{Infobox person
| honorific_prefix = Abu al-Barakat
| name = Abdur Rauf Danapuri
| birth_date = {{Circa}} 1874
| birth_place = [[Danapur]], Patna district, Bengal, British India
| death_date = {{death date and age|1948|02|20|1874|df=y}}
| death_place = [[Kolkata]], India
| resting_place = Peshawari Cemetery, [[Maniktala]]
| occupation = Islamic scholar, physician, writer, political figure
| notable_works = ''Asaḥḥu as-Siyar''
| organizations = [[Jamiat Ulema-e-Hind]], [[Muslim League (1947–1958)|Muslim League]], [[Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam]]
| known_for = Religious scholarship, political activism, medical practice
}}

'''Abu al-Barakat Abdur Rauf Danapuri ''' ({{Circa}} 1874 – 20 February 1948) was an Islamic scholar, writer, physician, and political figure from British India. He was involved in religious scholarship, social work, and the Indian independence movement.

== Early life and education ==
Abdur Rauf Danapuri was born in {{circa}} 1874{{Sfn|Ram|2011|p=12}}<ref>{{Cite book |last=Qureshi |first=M. Naeem |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=czKYZPyoyx0C&dq=abdur+rauf+danapuri&pg=PA187 |title=Pan-Islam in British Indian Politics: A Study of the Khilafat Movement, 1918-1924 |date=1999 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=978-90-04-11371-8 |page=187 |language=en}}</ref> in [[Danapur]], near [[Patna]], Bihar.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ram |first=Malik |author-link=Malik Ram |url=https://www.rekhta.org/ebooks/tazkara-e-maah-o-saal-malik-ram-ebooks |title=Tazkira-e-Maah-o-Saal |publisher=Maktaba Jamia |year=2011 |location=[[New Delhi]] |page=12 |language=ur}}</ref> His early education took place in Danapur and Agra, followed by higher studies in Lucknow and Hyderabad. His father, Abdul Qadir, was known as a scholar.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Shamsi |first=Abul Kalam Qasmi |author-link=Abul Kalam Qasmi Shamsi |url=https://www.rekhta.org/ebooks/detail/tazkira-ulama-e-bihar-volume-001-abul-kalam-qasmi-shamsi-ebooks |title=Tazkira-e-Ulama-e-Bihar |publisher=Department of Publishing and Publications, Jamia Islamia Qasmia |year=1995 |edition=1st |volume=1 |location=Balasath, [[Sitamarhi district|Sitamarhi]] |pages=164–165 |language=ur |trans-title=Biographical Dictionary of the Scholars of Bihar}}</ref>

== Career ==
=== Religious and scholarly contributions ===
Danapuri was involved in religious debates and legal interpretations. He participated in discussions on Islamic jurisprudence, including issues related to marriage laws.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Nadvi |first=Sulaiman |author-link=Sulaiman Nadvi |url=https://www.rekhta.org/ebooks/yaad-e-raftagan-syed-sulaiman-nadvi-ebooks-1 |title=Yaad-e-Raftagan |date=January 1955 |publisher=Maktabah Al-Sharq |edition=1st |location=[[Aram Bagh, Karachi]] |page=411 |language=ur |trans-title=Remembrance of the Departed}}</ref> His major works included ''Asaḥḥu as-Siyar'', a two-volume book on Islamic history and biography,{{Sfn|Shamsi|1995|p=165}}<ref>{{Cite book |last=K̲h̲ālid |first=Anvar Maḥmūd |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nls1AAAAIAAJ&q=%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%AF+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A4%D9%81+%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7+%D9%BE%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C |title=Urdū naṣr men̲ sīrat-i Rasūl |date=1989 |publisher=Iqbāl Akādmī |page=630 |language=ur}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Zabeeh |first=Muhammad Ismail |author-link=Muhammad Ismail Zabeeh |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eacyAAAAIAAJ&q=%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%AF+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A4%D9%81+%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7+%D9%BE%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C |title=Kamāl-i Muṣt̤afā, yaʻnī, ʻAẓmat-i Rasūl |date=1987 |publisher=Dādā Bhāʼī Fāʼūnḍeshan |pages=20 |language=ur}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Asma |first1=Hafiza |last2=Habib |first2=Bushra |date=April–June 2023 |title=Asahh as-Siyar ka Tahqīqi Jaiza |trans-title=Research Study of Asah al-Seer |url=https://ojs.cer.edu.pk/index.php/mtt/article/view/280/143 |journal=Majallah-yi Talim O Tahqiq |location=[[Islamabad]] |publisher=Markaz Talim o Tahqiq |volume=5 |issue=2 |pages=24–25}}</ref> and ''Sīrat-e-Nabawī''.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Farogh |first=Muhammad Basharat Ali Khan |url=https://www.rekhta.org/ebooks/wafyat-e-mashaheer-e-urdu-part-001-basharat-farogh-ebooks |title=Wafiyāt-e-Mashāhir-e-Urdu |publisher=[[Urdu Academy, Uttar Pradesh]] |year=2000 |volume=1 |page=420 |language=ur |trans-title=Obituaries of Eminent Urdu Personalities}}</ref>

=== Political involvement ===
Danapuri was involved in [[Indian independence movement|India's independence movement]] and opposed [[British rule]]. In 1921, he was arrested along with [[Maulana Azad]] and [[Subhas Chandra Bose]] and was imprisoned for six months.{{Sfn|Shamsi|1995|p=165}} He was initially associated with [[Jamiat Ulema-e-Hind]] but later joined the [[Muslim League (1947–1958)|Muslim League]] and [[Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam]].{{Sfn|Nadvi|1955|p=412}}

=== Medical Practice and Social Work ===
Danapuri was elected president of Anjuman-e-Atibba in [[Kolkata]]. His efforts contributed to the recognition of the association's Board of Faculty by the Bengal government. He was offered the position of principal at a newly established medical college in Bihar, which he declined.{{Sfn|Shamsi|1995|p=165}}

== Death and legacy ==
Danapuri died on 20 February 1948 in Kolkata at the age of 74.{{Sfn|Ram|2011|p=12}} He was buried at Peshawari Cemetery, [[Maniktala]].{{Sfn|Shamsi|1995|p=165}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}
== Further reading ==
* {{Cite book |last=Haqqani |first=Abdur Raqeeb |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lr7XAAAAMAAJ&q=%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B1%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%AA+%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7+%D9%BE%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C |title=Arz-e-Bihār aur Musalmān |date=2004 |publisher=Ilmi Academy Foundation |location=[[Karachi]] |page=333 |language=ur |trans-title=The Land of Bihar and Muslims}}
* {{Cite book |last=Saʻīd |first=Aḥmad |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BGZuAAAAMAAJ&q=abdur+rauf+danapuri |title=Muslim India, 1857-1947: A Biographical Dictionary |date=1997 |publisher=Institute of Pakistan Historical Research |page=48 |language=en}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Danapuri, Abdur Rauf}}
[[Category:1874 births]]
[[Category:1948 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Patna district]]
[[Category:Indian Sunni Muslim scholars of Islam]]
[[Category:Indian Islamic religious leaders]]
[[Category:Indian Islamic studies scholars]]
[[Category:Urdu-language writers from British India]]
[[Category:Indian independence activists]]
[[Category:Indian social reformers]]
[[Category:People from British India]]
[[Category:People from Kolkata]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian scholars]]

Deorao Vithoba Bhongle

2025-01-26T20:27:42Z

ElijahCombs83: adding new bio

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2025}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| office = Member of the [[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly]]
| constituency = [[Rajura Assembly constituency|Rajura]]
| term_start = 2024
| term_end =
| profession = Politician
| predecessor = [[Subhash Dhote]]
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| spouse =
| parents =
| education =
| birthday =
}}
'''Deorao Vithoba Bhongle''' is an Indian politician from Maharashtra. He is a [[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|member of the Maharashtra Legislative Assembly]] from [[2024 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2024]], representing [[Rajura Assembly constituency]] as a member of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rajura Election Result 2024 LIVE: Deorao Vithoba Bhongle of BJP Wins |url=https://www.news18.com/elections/rajura-election-result-2024-live-leading-winner-mla-9130015.html |access-date=2024-11-23 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-11-23 |title=Rajura, Maharashtra Assembly Election Results 2024 Highlights: BJP's Deorao Vithoba Bhongle wins Rajura with 72882 votes |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/assembly/story/rajura-maharashtra-assembly-election-results-2024-live-updates-maelb-2638174-2024-11-23 |access-date=2024-11-23 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[List of chief ministers of Maharashtra]]
* [[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bhongle, Deorao Vithoba}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Maharashtra MLAs 2024–2029]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

{{Maharashtra-BJP-politician-stub}}

Seth Chhaju Ram

2024-12-26T20:46:17Z

ElijahCombs83: expand content after review

#REDIRECT [[Chhaju Ram Lamba]]

{{Redirect category shell|
{{R from move}}
}}

Shyam Bihari Prasad Sinha

2024-08-25T21:45:42Z

ElijahCombs83: expand layout further and corrected details for accuracy

{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2023}}
{{Infobox military person
| honorific_prefix = [[Air Marshal]]
| name = Shyam Bihari Prasad Sinha
| honorific_suffix = [[PVSM]], [[AVSM]], [[Vayusena Medal|VM]], [[Aide-de-camp|ADC]]
| image = S B P Sinha DCAS.jpg
| alt =
| caption =
| allegiance = {{IND}}
| branch = {{air force|India}}
| serviceyears = 15 June 1980 – 31 December 2018
| rank = [[File:Air Marshal of IAF.png|20px]] [[Air Marshal]]
| servicenumber = 16053
| commands = [[Central Air Command (India)|Central Air Command]] [[Deputy Chief of the Air Staff (India)|Deputy Chief of the Air Staff]]
| awards = [[File:Param Vishisht Seva Medal ribbon.svg|20px]] [[Param Vishisht Seva Medal]] [[File:Ati Vishisht Seva Medal ribbon.svg|20px]] [[Ati Vishisht Seva Medal]] [[File:Vayusena Medal ribbon.svg|20px]] [[Vayu Sena Medal]] [[Aide-de-camp|ADC]]
| spouse = Alpana Sinha
}}

[[Air Marshal]] '''Shyam Bihari Prasad Sinha''', [[PVSM]], [[Ati Vishisht Seva Medal|AVSM]], [[Vayu Sena Medal|VM]], [[Aide-de-camp|ADC]] is a retired officer of [[Indian Air Force]] who served as Air Officer Commanding-in-Chief (AOC-in-C), [[Central Air Command (India)|Central Air Command]] from 1 January 2016 to 31 December 2018. He assumed office from Air Marshal [[Kulwant Singh Gill]] and was succeeded by Air Marshal [[Rajesh Kumar (air marshal)|Rajesh Kumar]]. [[Ati Vishisht Seva Medal|AVSM]], [[Vayu Sena Medal|VM.]]<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/allahabad/Air-Marshal-Sinha-to-be-CAC-chief/articleshow/50402476.cms|title=Air Marshal Sinha to be CAC chief - Times of India|work=The Times of India|access-date=2017-10-12}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.jagran.com/uttar-pradesh/lucknow-city-air-marshal-rajesh-kumar-is-the-new-commanding-in-chief-of-air-force-central-command-18809207.html|title=Air Marshal Rajesh Kumar is the new Air Officer Commanding-in-Chief Central Air Command|date=2019-01-01|accessdate=2019-01-22}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Sinha is an alumnus of [[National Defence Academy (India)|National Defence Academy]], Pune and Defence Services Staff College, Wellington. He has also taken the Operational Electronic Warfare course in France and the Executive course on Security Studies in United States.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/erelease.aspx?relid=104956|title=Press Information Bureau|access-date=2017-10-12}}</ref>

== Career ==
Sinha was commissioned into the fighter stream of the Indian Air Force on 15 June 1980. He has clocked over 3700 hours of flying and has experience on many different types of fighters. He held several key operational and administrative appointments at various stages of his service including the Commanding Officer of a MiG-21 Squadron; Commandant of Electronic Warfare Range; Team Leader of AWACS Project Team in Israel; Air Officer Commanding of a front line Su-30 MKI Base; Assistant Chief of the Air Staff (Plans); Principal Director Plans, Principal Director C4ISR; Principal Director Acquisitions; Deputy Director of Operations (Electronic Warfare); Chief Flying Instructor of Basic Flying Training School; Air Force Examiner in Aircrew Examining Board and the Deputy Chief of the Air Staff (30 April 2014 – 31 December 2015). He is a Category A Flying Instructor, Instrument Rating Instructor and Examiner. He was also the Commodore Commandant of No. 7 Squadron.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/erelease.aspx?relid=109296|title=Press Information Bureau|access-date=2017-10-12}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/erelease.aspx?relid=136742|title=Press Information Bureau|access-date=2017-10-12}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.spsmilitaryyearbook.com/profile/air-marshal-sbp-sinha/|title=» Air Marshal SBP Sinha|website=www.spsmilitaryyearbook.com|access-date=2017-10-12}}</ref>

== Awards and medals ==
During 38 years of his career, he has been awarded several medals: two Presidential medals, the [[Ati Vishisht Seva Medal]] (January 2011), the [[Vayu Sena Medal]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/erelease.aspx?relid=71678|title=Press Information Bureau|access-date=2017-10-12}}</ref><ref name=":1" /> and the [[Param Vishisht Seva Medal]] (January 2018).<ref>{{cite web|title=390 Republic Day Gallantry and Other Defence Decorations Announced|url=http://www.pib.nic.in/PressReleseDetail.aspx?PRID=1517875}}</ref>



{| style="margin:1em auto; text-align:center;"
|
|{{Ribbon devices|ribbon=Param Vishisht Seva Medal ribbon.svg|width=106}}
|{{Ribbon devices|ribbon=Ati Vishisht Seva Medal ribbon.svg|width=106}}
|
|-
|{{Ribbon devices|ribbon=Vayusena Medal ribbon.svg|width=106}}
|{{Ribbon devices|ribbon=India General Service Medal 1947.svg|width=106}}
|{{Ribbon devices|ribbon=IND Samanya Seva medal.svg|width=106}}
|{{Ribbon devices|ribbon=IND Special Service Medal Ribbon.svg|width=106}}
|-
|{{Ribbon devices|ribbon=IND Operation Parakram medal.svg|width=106}}
|{{Ribbon devices|ribbon=IND Sainya Seva Medal Ribbon.svg|width=106}}
|{{Ribbon devices|ribbon=IND High Altitude Medal Ribbon.svg|width=106}}
|{{Ribbon devices|ribbon=IND Videsh Seva Medal Ribbon.svg|width=106}}
|-
|{{Ribbon devices|ribbon=IND 50th Anniversary Independence medal.svg|width=106}}
|{{Ribbon devices|ribbon=IND 30 Years Long Service Ribbon.svg|width=106}}
|{{Ribbon devices|ribbon=IND 20YearsServiceMedalRibbon.svg|width=106}}
|{{Ribbon devices|ribbon=IND 9YearsServiceMedalRibbon.svg|width=106}}

|}
{| class="wikitable" style="margin:1em auto; text-align:center;"
|
|[[Param Vishisht Seva Medal]]
|[[Ati Vishisht Seva Medal]]
|
|-
|[[Vayu Sena Medal]]
|[[General Service Medal 1947|General Service Medal - Naga Hills Service]]
|[[Indian military decorations#Service and campaign medals|Samanya Seva Medal]]
|[[Indian military decorations#Service and campaign medals|Special Service Medal]]
|-
|[[Operation Parakram Medal]]
|[[Sainya Seva Medal]]
|[[Indian military decorations#Service and campaign medals|High Altitude Service Medal]]
|[[Indian military decorations#Service and campaign medals|Videsh Seva Medal]]
|-
|[[Indian military decorations#Service and campaign medals|50th Anniversary of Independence Medal]]
|[[Indian military decorations#Service and campaign medals|30 Years Long Service Medal]]
|[[Indian military decorations#Service and campaign medals|20 Years Long Service Medal]]
|[[Indian military decorations#Service and campaign medals|9 Years Long Service Medal]]
|}

== Personal life ==
He is married to Alpana Sinha and they have a son. His brother B B P Sinha was also an Air Marshal in the Indian Air Force.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/erelease.aspx?relid=121092|title=Press Information Bureau|access-date=2017-10-12}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}{{s-start}}

{{s-mil}}{{Succession box
| title = Air Officer Commanding-in-Chief, [[Central Air Command (India)|Central Air Command]]
| years = 1 January 2016 – 31 December 2018
| before = [[Kulwant Singh Gill]]
| after = [[Rajesh Kumar (air marshal)|Rajesh Kumar]]
}}{{Succession box
| title = [[Deputy Chief of the Air Staff (India)|Deputy Chief of the Air Staff]]
| years = 30 April 2014 – 31 December 2015
| before = [[S R K Nair|Sridharan Panicker Radha Krishnan Nair]]
| after = [[Rakesh Kumar Singh Bhadauria]]
}}{{s-end
}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sinha, Shyam Bihari Prasad}}
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian Air Force air marshals]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Param Vishisht Seva Medal]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Ati Vishisht Seva Medal]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Vayu Sena Medal]]
[[Category:Defence Services Staff College alumni]]
[[Category:National Defence Academy (India) alumni]]
[[Category:Deputy chiefs of Air Staff (India)]]

Padatik (film)

2024-08-16T15:39:36Z

ElijahCombs83: improved content and improved wording per sources

#REDIRECT [[Padatik]]{{R from incomplete disambiguation}}

Arun Prasad Mukherjee

2024-08-13T21:52:46Z

ElijahCombs83: put up the post w/ refs

{{short description|Indian administrator}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Arun Prasad Mukherjee
| image =
| office1 = [[List of governors of Mizoram|Governor of Mizoram]]
| 1blankname1 = {{nowrap|Chief Minister}}
| 1namedata1 =
| term_start1 = 29 January 1998
| term_end1 = 1 May 1998
| predecessor1 =
| successor1 =
}}
'''Arun Prasad Mukherjee''' is an Indian former administrator and [[governor of Mizoram]]. An officer of [[Indian Police Service]], Mukherjee, became the director of [[Central Bureau of Investigation]] (CBI) and director general of [[West Bengal Police]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=2016-04-06|title=The Man Who Was Offered Prime Minister Post Twice, But He Didn't Become One|url=https://thelogicalindian.com/rewind/the-man-who-was-offered-prime-minister-post-twice-but-he-didnt-become-one/|access-date=2020-10-29|website=thelogicalindian.com|language=en}}</ref> After retirement he became the advisor to [[Minister of Home Affairs (India)|Union Home Minister]] [[Indrajit Gupta]] in 1997.<ref>{{Cite web|date=27 April 2003|first=Nilanjana|last=Bhowmick|title=Sharing in life's tough battles|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/Sharing-in-lifes-tough-battles/articleshow/44606518.cms|access-date=2020-10-29|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref> Mukherjee was appointed governor of Mizoram on 29 January 1998 and served until 1 May 1998.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Governor of Mizoram|url=http://mizoram.nic.in/gov/governor.htm|access-date=2020-10-29|website=mizoram.nic.in}}</ref> Mukherjee is also an author known for his academic pursuit.{{citation needed|date=July 2022}} In 2017 he was awarded [[Banga Bibhushan]] by the [[government of West Bengal]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mamata gives away Banga Bibhushan, Banga Bhushan Awards|url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/national/mamata-gives-away-banga-bibhushan-banga-bhushan-awards/article9708878.ece|access-date=2020-10-29|website=@businessline|date=20 May 2017 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=20 May 2017|title=Mamata gives away Banga Bibhushan, Banga Bhushan Awards|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/pti-feed/story/mamata-gives-away-banga-bibhushan-banga-bhushan-awards-929691-2017-05-20|access-date=2020-10-29|website=India Today|language=en}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Governor of Mizoram}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mukherjee, Arun Prasad}}
[[Category:Indian Police Service officers]]
[[Category:Governors of Mizoram]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Bengali people]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

Vellore Institute of Technology Engineering Entrance Examination

2024-07-21T07:43:03Z

ElijahCombs83: Redirect article

#REDIRECT [[Vellore Institute of Technology#Admission]]{{Broken anchor|date=2024-07-21|bot=User:Cewbot/log/20201008/configuration|target_link=Vellore Institute of Technology#Admission|reason= The anchor (Admission) [[Special:Diff/1161608141|has been deleted]].}}

Shagird

2024-05-28T22:59:38Z

ElijahCombs83:

{{Wikt|şagird}}

'''Shagird''' ({{Lit|Disciple}}) may refer to:
* [[Shagird (1967 film)]], an Indian Hindi-language comedy drama film
* [[Shagird (2011 film)]], an Indian Hindi-language action thriller film

{{dab}}

Embassy of India, Jakarta

2024-05-27T15:44:46Z

ElijahCombs83: Created redirect page

#REDIRECT [[India–Indonesia relations]]

Dripnath Shah

2024-01-02T05:50:33Z

ElijahCombs83: adding a entry

{{short description|Nagvanshi king}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2022}}
{{Infobox royalty
|name = Dripnath Shah
|title = [[Raja]]
|image =
|caption =
|succession =
|reign = c.1762-1790 CE
|predecessor = Maninath Shah
|successor = Deonath Shah
|birth_date =
|birth_place = [[Palkot]]
|Coronation =
|death_date = 1790
|death_place = Palkot
|spouse =
|issue =
|dynasty = [[Nagvanshi dynasty|Nagvanshi]]
|father =
|mother =
|religion = [[Hinduism]]
|regent =
|reg-type =
}}

'''Dripnath Shah''' was a Nagvanshi king in the 18th century. His capital was at [[Palkot]]. He succeeded Maninath Shah and ruled from 1762 to 1790 CE. He became a vassal of the [[East India Company]] in 1771.<ref name="auto">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kUueDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT215|title=Mughal Administration and the Zamindars of Bihar|isbn=9781000651522|last1=Ansari|first1=Tahir Hussain|date=20 June 2019}}</ref><ref name="Jharkhand Samanya Gyan 2016">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1TCcDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA244|title=Jharkhand Samanya Gyan|isbn=9789351866848|last1=Ranjan|first1=Manish|date=January 2016}}</ref> He submitted list of Nagvanshi kings to Governor general of India in 1787.<ref name="The Nagbanshis And The Cheros"/>

==Reign==
===Attempt to Subjugate Kolhan===
Dripnath Shah succeeded Maninath Shah who conquered the territory of Tamar, Silli, Barwe after subjecting their chief. During the reign of Dripnath Shah, the Nagvanshi were independent. The Mughals became weak and incapable of asserting their authority over Chotanagpur. He twice attempted to subjugate [[Kolhan division|Kolhan]] but failed. In May 1770, he and the King of [[Tamar block|Tamar]] attempted to subjugate Lakra [[Kol people|Kol]] ([[Ho people|Ho]]) of Kolhan but failed and hundreds of their men were killed. Lakra Kol pursued the Nagvanshi forces. They burned down several villages and several villages were depopulated. The southern part of the Nagvanshi kingdom was in constant trouble due to pillaging by Lakra Kols.<ref name="The Nagbanshis And The Cheros">{{cite web|url=https://archive.org/stream/in.ernet.dli.2015.119550/2015.119550.The-Nagbanshis-And-The-Cheros_djvu.txt|title=The Nagbanshis And The Cheros|website=archive.org|year=1969 }}</ref>

===Pillages by Ramgarh Raj===
[[Mukund Singh]] of [[Ramgarh Raj|Ramgarh]] carried out several pillages and looting in Nagvanshi territory as an excuse to collect revenue, as in the past the Nagvanshi were giving tribute to the Mughals through Ramgarh Raj.<ref name="The Nagbanshis And The Cheros"/><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rC-cDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA32|title=Jharkhand Ke Parva-Tayohar, Mele Aur Paryatan Sthal|isbn=9789351866336|last1=Krishna|first1=Sanjay|date=19 January 2021}}</ref>

===Vassal of East India Company===
After the [[Battle of Buxar]], East India Company got rights to collect taxes from Bihar and Bengal territory. Dripnath Shah declined to pay tax to East India Company when Company official met him in Palkot.
Later Dripnath Shah decided to become a vassal of the [[East India Company]]; when he came to know about Captain Camac's activity who was successful in subjugating the [[Chero dynasty|Chero]] ruler of Palamu. In 1771, after the fall of the [[Palamu Forts]], Dripnath Shah met Captain Camac and wished to become a vassal of the East India Company and agreed to six thousand rupees as tribute and six thousand nazrana annually, the same amount of tax that was paid to Mughal. He formalised it with exchanging his headgear with the cap of Captain Camac. Captain Camac expected the help of Dripnath Shah in an expedition against Jainath Singh of Palamu, [[Mukund Singh]] the ruler of Ramgarh, and the [[Maratha Empire|Marathas]].<ref name="The Nagbanshis And The Cheros"/>

Due to high amount of taxes Mukund Singh of Ramgarh was not ready to accept suzerainty of East India company. He made alliance with Maratha. Capitain Jacob declared Tej Singh Thakurai as King of Ramgarh and gave him leadership to lead the battle. His forces, forces of Nagvanshis and Palamu attacked Ramgarh but were defeated by joint forces of Maratha and Ramgarh. Later Captain Jacob and Tej Singh Thakurai attacked Ramgarh with large company forces and Mukund Singh surrendered without any resistance as he was not able to get help from Maratha forces. Then Tej Singh Thakurai became new king of Ramgarh.<ref name="Jharkhand Samanya Gyan 2016"/>

===Maratha Invasion===
Mukund Singh joined with the Marathas and planted a claimant on the Nagvanshi throne, Nana Shah, who claimed himself the true heir of the Nagvanshi throne in an effort to dethrone Dripnath Shah. Captain Carter wrote a letter to Captain Camac about this matter. But Captain Camac supported Dripnath Shah understanding the conspiracy against Dripnath Shah. In February 1772, the Marathas invaded Dripnath Shah's territory with 1,200 horsemen and 4,000 plunderers and plundered the villages and also killed many people. The king of Tori, who was a vassal of Nagvanshi, sided with the Marathas and drove away Dripnath Shah's men. Dripnath Shah confined himself in [[Palkot]]. The Marathas demanded revenue from Dripnath Shah and setting of cantonment in his territory. The Patna council decided to assist Dripnath Shah against the Marathas on 20 July 1772. In September 1772, the Marathas camped near Palkot. They attacked the camp of Lt. Thomas Scott but they were defeated and driven away.<ref name="The Nagbanshis And The Cheros"/>

===Rule under East India Company===
Dripnath Shah had not paid taxes. East India company forces attacked Nagvanshi in 1773. Dripnath Shah paid Rs. 15000 and continue to rule under British. British gave responsibilities to catch robers and theft in Chotanagpur to him. In 1780, captain Champell replaced Captain Camac. His court held in [[Chatra, Jharkhand|Chatra]] and Ramgarh Battalion was established with its headquarter in [[Hazaribagh]]. The jurisdiction of captain Champell was spread in the area of Chatra, [[Palamu district|Palamu]], [[Kunda, Chatra|Kunda]], [[Kharagdiha]], [[Panchet]] and [[Sherghati]]. In 1786, tribal revolted and it was suppressed with difficulty.<ref name="Nagpuri Shist Sahitya">{{Cite web|url=https://archive.org/stream/in.ernet.dli.2015.322091/2015.322091.Nagpuri-Sisth_djvu.txt|title=Nagpuri Shist Sahitya|access-date=26 September 2022}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Shah, Dhripnath}}
[[Category:Indian royalty]]
[[Category:1790 deaths]]
[[Category:Year of birth unknown]]
[[Category:Gumla district]]
[[Category:Nagpuria people]]

Jampur, Uttar Pradesh

2023-12-10T05:10:29Z

ElijahCombs83: creating a info from scratch!

{{Short description|Village in Uttar Pradesh, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2023}}
{{other uses|Jampur (disambiguation)}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Jampur
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| image_map = Kotla block Jampur.png
| map_caption = Map showing Jampur in Kotla block
| pushpin_map = India Uttar Pradesh
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Uttar Pradesh, India
| coordinates = {{coord|27.3585|N|78.3903|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = [[India]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Firozabad district|Firozabad]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Tehsil]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Firozabad]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes = <ref name="Census 2011 A"/>
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 3.739
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 2551
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes = <ref name="Census 2011 A"/>
| demographics_type1 =
| demographics1_title1 =
| demographics1_info1 =
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code =
| registration_plate =
| website =
| footnotes =
}}
'''Jampur''' ({{IAST|Jāmpur}}) is a village in [[Kotla, Firozabad|Kotla]] block of [[Firozabad district]], Uttar Pradesh, India. As of 2011, it had a population of 2,551, in 420 households.

== Demographics ==
As of 2011, Jampur had a population of 2,551, in 420 households.<ref name="Census 2011 A"/>{{rp|95}} This population was 52.4% male (1,337) and 47.6% female (1,214). The 0-6 age group numbered 398 (200 male and 198 female), making up 15.6% of the total population. 614 residents were members of Scheduled Castes, or 24.1% of the total.<ref name="Census 2011 B">{{cite web |title=Census of India 2011: Uttar Pradesh District Census Handbook - Firozabad, Part B (Village and Town Wise Primary Census Abstract) |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/1211/download/3858/DH_2011_0916_PART_B_DCHB_FIROZABAD.pdf |website=Census of India |access-date=19 June 2023}}</ref>{{rp|98-9}}

The [[1981 Census of India|1981 census]] recorded Jampur as having a population of 1,664 people (898 male and 766 female), in 321 households and 309 physical houses.<ref name="Census 1981">{{cite book |title=Census 1981 Uttar Pradesh: District Census Handbook Part XIII-B: Village & Town Directory, District Agra |date=1982 |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/28672/download/31854/28391_1981_AGR.pdf |access-date=25 July 2023}}</ref>{{rp|186-7}}

The [[1961 Census of India|1961 census]] recorded Jampur as comprising 3 hamlets, with a total population of 1,159 people (650 male and 509 female), in 208 households and 150 physical houses. The area of the village was given as 964 acres.<ref name="Census 1961">{{cite book |title=Census 1961: District Census Handbook, Uttar Pradesh (22 - Agra District) |date=1965 |location=Lucknow |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/28472/download/31654/21841_1961_AGR.pdf |access-date=25 December 2021}}</ref>{{rp|xc}}

== Infrastructure ==
As of 2011, Jampur had 1 primary school; it did not have any healthcare facilities. Drinking water was provided by tap, hand pump, and tube well/borehole; there were no public toilets. The village did not have a post office or public library; there was at least some access to electricity for all purposes. Streets were made of both ''[[Indian vernacular architecture#kachcha|kachcha]]'' and ''[[Indian vernacular architecture#pucca|pakka]]'' materials.<ref name="Census 2011 A">{{cite web |title=Census of India 2011: Uttar Pradesh District Census Handbook - Firozabad, Part A (Village and Town Directory) |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/1210/download/3854/DH_2011_0916_PART_A_DCHB_FIROZABAD.pdf |website=Census of India |access-date=19 June 2023}}</ref>{{rp|95-100}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Firozabad district}}

[[Category:Villages in Firozabad district]]